Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.20 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 1651 139093 133998 2026-09-23T02:31:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139093 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Afurika in Motion''' ( '''AiM''' ) yari iserukiramuco rya firime ngaruka mwaka ryabereye muri Edinburgh, muri otcosse, mu mpera z'Ukwakira / mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo. Intego y'ibanze yiri serukiramuco kwari uguha abitabiriye Scotland amahirwe yo kureba ibyiza bya sinema nyafurika kuva ku mugabane. AiM 2021 izaba ku nshuro ya 16 yerekana sinema nyafurika, ahazabera ahakorerwa cyane ni Sinema ya Sinema ya Edinburgh. Iri serukiramuco ryashinzwe mu 2006 na Lizelle Bisschoff, umushakashatsi wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] ukorera mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/about/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008121324/https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/about/ |archive-date=8 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Africa in Motion |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Scotland |first=Screen |date=2019-09-30 |title=Africa in Motion Film Festival returns for its 14th edition |url=https://www.screen.scot/news/2019/09/africa-in-motion-film-festival-returns-for-its-14th-edition |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019173115/https://www.screen.scot/news/2019/09/africa-in-motion-film-festival-returns-for-its-14th-edition |archive-date=19 October 2020 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Screen Scotland |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa in Motion Case Study – Regional Screen Scotland |url=https://www.regionalscreenscotland.org/case-study/africa-in-motion-case-study/ |access-date=2020-10-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Theatre |first=Glasgow Film |date=2020-10-19 |title=Scotland's original independent cinema is the |url=https://glasgowfilm.org/shows/africa-in-motion-1 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Glasgow Film Theatre |language=en}}</ref> == Gahunda == Gahunda ya AiM ikubiyemo sinema yo muri iki gihe ndetse na kera. Ibyiciro byinshi bya firime bikubiyemo, ibiranga,firime ngufi, documentaire, animasiyo, Nollywood, iziteye ubwoba n'akazi ko kugerageza. Amenshi mu ma filime yerekanwe kuri AiM ntabwo yigeze yerekanwa muri Scotland, bityo iserukiramuco rero ritanga amahirwe kubateze amatwi bo muri Ecosse kureba film nyafurika. AiM 2008 yazengurutse imijyi myinshi yo mu Bwongereza, harimo Bristol, Cambridge, Cardiff, Derby, Dundee, Glasgow, Inverness, Manchester, Newcastle, Sheffield na Stirling. Kuvamu mwaka wa 2009, iriserukiramuco ryazengurutse kandi mu cyaro mumisozi miremire ya Scottish no mu birwa mu Gushyingo nyuma y'ibirori nya mukuru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa in Motion |url=https://vimeo.com/africainmotion |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Vimeo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Filmhouse Brochure - November 2018 |url=https://issuu.com/filmhouse/docs/nov18finallowres |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Issuu |language=en |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019144937/https://issuu.com/filmhouse/docs/nov18finallowres |url-status=dead }}</ref> AIM yakiriye amarushanwa ya firime ngufi yerekana ibikorwa by'abakinnyi ba firime bakiri bato bakizamuka muri Afurika, uwatsinze ahabwa igihembo cy'amafaranga. Kwerekana firime biherekejwe n'ibintu bitandukanye, biri mu biganiro nyunguranabitekerezo, amahugurwa, ibitaramo bya muzika nyafurika, imurikagurisha, ibiganiro byo kuvuga inkuru n'ibindi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Short film competition "African Women in the time of COVID-19" {{!}} DW {{!}} 10.07.2020 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/short-film-competition-african-women-in-the-time-of-covid-19/a-54114769 |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=DW.COM |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-12-01 |title=Africa in Motion (AiM) |url=https://www.sustainablefuturesinafrica.com/2017/12/01/africa-in-motion-aim/ |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Sustainable Futures in Africa |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715092244/https://sustainablefuturesinafrica.com/2017/12/01/africa-in-motion-aim/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Africa in Motion Film Fest to be held online |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/482/208994.html |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=www.bizcommunity.com |language=en}}</ref> Abayobozi batumiwe muri iri serukiramuco harimo Jean-Marie Teno wo muri [[Kameruni]], Gaston Kaboré wo muri Burkinafaso, na Afurika y'Epfo Richard Stanley. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 September 2008 |title=Director to guest at African film festival |url=http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Director-to-guest-at-African.4494839.jp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081019201837/http://edinburghnews.scotsman.com/edinburgh/Director-to-guest-at-African.4494839.jp |archive-date=19 October 2008 |access-date=2008-10-09 |website=[[Edinburgh Evening News]]}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2013, ku nshuro ya mbere, iserukiramuco rya firime enye ninizo mu Bwongereza - Afurika muri Motion (AiM) i Edinburgh / Glasgow, Afurika Ijisho rya Bristol, [[Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Cambridge|Iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Cambridge]] na Film Africa, London - ryunzubumwe kugira ngo risangire ama filime n'abakora ama filime mu rwego rwo kuzana sinema zitandukanye zo muri Afurika zo muri iki gihe ku bantu benshi mu Bwongereza. Ibirori byahurije hamwe kugira ngo bazenguruke igice cya firime nshya zamenyekanye cyane muri Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rosser |first=Michael |date=2013-10-18 |title=UK's African film festivals unite |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/uks-african-film-festivals-unite/5062646.article |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=Screen}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=UK African film fests collaborate : Screen Africa : International Broadcast News |url=https://www.4rfv.com/JPA0YJUJZ8GK/uk-african-film-fests-collaborate.htm |access-date=2020-10-19 |website=www.4rfv.com}}</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[Igikomangoma Kevin I Nyerere]] == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} 7ascsbj7c82tmlo6e6ucm1z0meb4p6t 0 1794 139058 138986 2026-09-23T02:27:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139058 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kagame Paul''' (yavutse mu mwaka wa 1957) ni Perezida wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda|5]] wa Repubulika y'u [[Rwanda]] kuva 2000. Paul Kagame yavutse ku wa 23 Ukwakira 1957 mu umujyi wa [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y’Amajyepfo]], mu cyahoze ari Komine [[Tambwe]], yari imwe mu zari zigize Perefegitura ya [[Gitarama]]. Paul kagame yakuriye mu buhungiro mu gihugu cya Uganda, Nyuma y'uko iwabo bari bamaze guhunga kubera itotezwa n'akarengane abatutsi bari bari guhura na ko. Paul Kagame yakuriye muri Uganda, yiga mu ishuri rikuru rya MAKERERE ryisumbuye. Nyuma y'amasomo muri iryo shuri yinjiye mu ngabo z'igihugu cya Uganda, maze aba n'umujyanama wahafi wa Yoweli Museveni. Paul Kagame n'abandi bantu batatu baje gushinga ishyaka rya FPR mu 1980. Iri shyaka ryashinzwe na Paul Kagame ndetse nabo bari bafatanyije rigamije gukuraho akarengane cyangwa ihohoterwa ryari riri gukorerwa abanyarwanda. Nyuma yuko uwaruyoboye APR GISA [[Fred Rwigema|FRED RWIGEMA]] yitabye Imana,PAUL KAGAME yavuye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika]] aho yari ari kwiga ibijyanye n'igisikare. Yaraje akomezanya n'ingabo za FPR nk'umuyobozi wazo. We nk'uwarukuriye ingabo za RPF INKOTANYI zitwaga RPA, Akaba n'umunyepolitiki,yatsinze urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu muri Mata 1994. Paul Kagame yabaye umukuru wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda kuva muri 2000. [[Dosiye:Paul Kagame 2014.jpg|thumb|286x286px|NYAKUBAHWA PEREZIDA WA REPUBULIKA Y'URWANDA PAUL KAGAME.]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |[[Dosiye:President Donald Trump shakes hands with Rwandan President Paul Kagame.jpg|frameless]]Paul Kagame |- ! colspan="2" | Perezida wa 3 w'u Rwanda |- |Igihe cyo gukora |Kuva muri Werurwe 24 , 2000 |- | Ababanjirije |[[Pasteur Bizimungu]] |- | Uzasimbura | |- |Minisitiri w’intebe |Nsengiyumva Justin |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yihariye |- |Amazina | |- |Ivuka |Nk'uko Ukwakira 23 nk'uko 1957 (imyaka 63)<br> Ruhango ([[Gitarama]] Ntara, [[Rwanda-Urundi]]) |- |Urupfu | |- | Imva | |- |Ubwenegihugu |Rwanda |- |Ururimi kavukire |[[Kinyarwanda]] |- | Iyobokamana |[[Kiliziya Gatolika]] |- | Ishyaka rya politiki |[[FPR]] |- ! colspan="2" |Umuryango |- | Uwo mwashakanye |[[Jeannette Kagame]] |- | Abahungu |Ivan Kagame<br> Ange Kagame<br> Ian Kagame<br> Brian Kagame |- ! colspan="2" |Uburezi |- | Yize muri |Kaminuza ya Makerere |- ! colspan="2" |Amakuru yumwuga |- | Umwuga |umunyapolitiki |- | Imyaka irakora |1990-2000 |- | Ishami rya gisirikare |Ingabo z’ingabo z’u Rwanda |- | Urutonde |Jenerali Majoro |- |Amakimbirane |* Umudari wa Kagera (Uganda) * Iteka rya Repubulika ya Seribiya * Iteka ry'abapayiniya bo muri Liberiya <small>(2009)</small> * Umusaraba Mukuru w'itegeko ry'igihugu cya Bénin <small>(2010)</small> |- |Urubuga |paulkagame.com |- |Itandukaniro | |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272580 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} [[Dosiye:Paul Kagame (24-10-2019).jpg|thumb|'''Paul Kagame (24-10-2019)''']] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|ibendera ry'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Flag of the President of Rwanda.svg|thumb|ikiranga ntego cy'u Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Paul_Kagame.jpg|thumb|Paul Kagame ari kumwe na George W.Bush]] Kagame ndetse n'umuryango we baje guhungira mugihugu cy'[[Ubugande]]. Mu gihe ivanguramoko ryibasiraga abo mu bwoko bw’ umuryango wa Paul Kagame uri mu miryango yatotejwe maze abasaga ibihumbi 100 bakava mu byabo bagahungira mu bihugu by’abaturanyi. Mu mwaka w’1959,<ref>http://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/Menya-byimbitse-amateka-y-ubuzima-bwa-Perezida-Kagame-wizihiza-isabukuru-y-imyaka-61</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/imyaka-20-irashize-paul-kagame-atorewe-kuyobora-u-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-08-04 |archive-date=2020-08-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200817111229/https://igihe.com/umuco/amateka/article/imyaka-20-irashize-paul-kagame-atorewe-kuyobora-u-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kagame yavukiye mu muryango [[Abatutsi|w'abatutsi]] mu majyepfo y'u Rwanda. Igihe yari afite imyaka ibiri, Impinduramatwara yo mu Rwanda yarangije ibinyejana byinshi byiganjemo abatutsi; umuryango we wahungiye muri Uganda, aho yamaze ubuzima bwe bwose. Mu myaka ya za 1980, Kagame yarwanye mu ngabo z’inyeshyamba za [[Yoweri Museveni]], aba umusirikare mukuru wa Uganda nyuma yuko intsinzi ya gisirikare ya Museveni imujyanye kuri perezidansi ya Uganda. Kagame yinjiye mu Rwanda Patriotic Front (FPR), rwateye u Rwanda mu 1990; umuyobozi Fred Rwigyema yapfuye hakiri kare mu ntambara maze Kagame yigarurira. Kugeza mu 1993, FPR yagenzuye agace gakomeye mu Rwanda no guhagarika imirwanobyaganiriweho. Mu iyicwa rya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] yari ingingo guhera Jenoside, aho [[abahutu]] b'intagondwa bishe bagera 500.000 miliyoni imwe Abatutsi n'Abahutu batari intagondwa. Kagame yongeye intambara y'abenegihugu, arangiza itsembabwoko itsinze igisirikare. Muri visi-perezida, Kagame yagenzuraga ingabo z’igihugu kandi akomeza kubahiriza amategeko, mu gihe abandi bayobozi batangiye kubaka igihugu. Abasirikare benshi ba FPR bakoze ubwicanyi bwo guhana; ntivugwaho rumwe niba Kagame yarateguye ibi, cyangwa nta bushobozi yari afite bwo kubihagarika. Inkambi z'impunzi z'Abahutu zashinzwe muri Zayire no mu bindi bihugu, zagenzurwaga na jenoside(abitabiriye jenoside) bakangisha umutekano u Rwanda. FPR yibasiye inkambi mu buryo butarobanuye mu 1996, ihatira impunzi nyinshi gutaha, ariko inyeshyamba zikomeza gutera u Rwanda. Igitero cyagabwe ku nkambi z'impunzi cyahitanye abantu bagera ku 200.000. Raporo y’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango w’abibumbye]] yerekana ko ibyo bitero bishobora kuba bihwanye na jenoside, bikaba bishobora gutuma Paul Kagame aba umunyabyaha w’intambara. Mu rwego rwo gutera, Kagame yateye inkunga intambara ebyiri z’inyeshyamba zitavugwaho rumwe muri Zayire. Inyeshyamba zishyigikiwe n'u Rwanda na Uganda zatsinze intambara ya mbere (1996–97), zishyiraho Laurent-Désiré Kabila kuba perezida mu cyimbo cy'umunyagitugu Mobutu maze ahindura igihugu nka [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (DRC). muintambara ya kabiri yatangiye mu 1998 kurwanya Kabila, nyuma umuhungu we Joseph, nyuma y’uko guverinoma ya DRC yirukanye ingabo z’u [[Rwanda]] na Uganda mu gihugu. Intambara yaje kwiyongera mu ntambara yo ku mugabane wa [[Afurika]] yakomeje kugeza amasezerano y'amahoro yo mu 2003 no guhagarika intambara. [[Dosiye:Paul Kagame Portrait 2016-10-14.jpg|thumb|407x407px|Paul Kagame ]] Nka perezida, Kagame yashyize imbere iterambere ry’igihugu, atangiza gahunda yo guteza imbere u Rwanda nk'igihugu cyinjiza amafaranga hagati muri 2020. Kuva mu 2013, iki gihugu kiratera imbere cyane ku bipimo ngenderwaho, birimo ubuvuzi n’uburezi; kwiyongera k'umwaka hagati ya 2004 na 2010 wagereranije 8% k'umwaka. Kagame yagiranye umubano mwiza n’umuryango w’Iburasirazuba bwa Afurika na Amerika; umubano we [[Ubufaransa|n'Ubufaransa]] wari mubi kugeza mu 2009. Umubano na DRC ukomeje kuba mubi nubwo intambara yo mu 2003 yahagaritswe; imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu na raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye yashyizwe ahagaragara ivuga ko u Rwanda rushyigikiye inyeshyamba ebyiri muri iki gihugu, Kagame arabihakana. Ibihugu byinshi byahagaritse kwishyura inkunga muri 2012 nyuma yibi birego. Kagame arazwi cyane mu Rwanda hamwe na bamwe muba bikurikiranira hafi; imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu imushinja gukandamiza politiki. Yatsinze amatora mu 2003, hashingiwe ku itegeko nshinga rishya ryemejwe muri uwo mwaka, atorerwa manda ya kabiri mu 2010. Paul Kagame yavutse mu bana batandatu abakobwa babiri abahungu bane,akaba ari umuhererezi kuri se Rutagambwa Rugambwa Deogratias na Asteria. Urwibutso ku buto bwa Perezida Paul Kagame [https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/article/urwibutso-ku-buto-bwa-perezida-paul-kagame-wujuje-imyaka-66] {{DEFAULTSORT:Kagame, Paul}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] {{Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda}} == Amashakiro; == [[Ikiciro:Abanyepolitiki (Rwanda)]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] <references />3 https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/article/urwibutso-ku-buto-bwa-perezida-paul-kagame-wujuje-imyaka-66 06uw5won53x4ci770k8fcc2ap58lv1n 0 2024 139059 133221 2026-09-23T02:27:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139059 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:My city kigali.jpg|thumb|Kigali city umurwa mukuru w' u rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Uyu ni umujyi wa Kigali mu masaha yumugoroba izuba riri kurenga. ]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|Kigali - Rwanda]] Kigali ni umurwa mukuru w’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu mujyi uherereye rwagati mu gihugu, ukaba ufite abaturage bagera kuri 1.095.000 (mu mwaka wa 2019). Kigali igizwe n’uturere dutatu ari two [[Gasabo]], [[Kicukiro]] na [[Nyarugenge]].Aho Nyarugenge ariyo nkingi nkuru ya kigali kuko niyo iyoboye mu byubucuruzi yaba imyenda ,ibiryo,ndetse n'ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye yaba ibyikoranabuhanga ndetse nibindi bisanzwe byo mu rugo. Niwo mujyi nkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu. Imihanda yose minini y’u Rwanda itangirira i Kigali, akaba ari ho nkingi y’ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Ibiro bya za Ministeri zitandukanye n’ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mujyi. Kigali kandi igizwe ahanini n’uduce tw’icyaro kuko 70% byawo ari uturere tw’icyaro. == Amateka ya Kigali == Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' [[Abadage]] ([[Ubudage]]) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u [[Rwanda]] kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/rwanda/rwanda-independence-day]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru, akaba ari naho [[umwami]] yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukuru w'abakoloni wari [[Butare]], icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide]] cyangwa '''Ethnic Cleasing''', aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo. N'ubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije. [[Dosiye:Kigali_title.jpg|thumb|ikirango(status) y umujyi wa kigali iherereye akarere ka nyarugenge]][[Kigali (umurenge)|Kigal]]<nowiki/>i ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi ni wo mujyi munini mu [[Rwanda]] washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni bw'abadage;hanyuma uza kuba umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962. Kigali iri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati bw'igihugu.Uyu mujyi ni wo mutima w'ubukungu, ubuyobozi n'umuco Nyarwanda. Kigali ikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyubakire igezweho ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'imiturire iteguwe neza bikayigira umwe mu mijyi igezweho kurusha indi muri Afurika yo hagati. == Amashakiro == *[[https://populationstat.com/rwanda/kigali]] * [[commons:Category:Kigali|Media Kigali]] * [http://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121504/http://www.eatinginkigali.com/ Eating in Kigali] * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw Official Website of Kigali City] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221219083632/https://discover.rw/kigali-city/ Kigali – The Bustling And Vibrant City] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=kigali&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&oe=utf8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&ei=TGq9SYnNCtaNsAakxLDoDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&resnum=1&ct=title Kigali Map] * [http://www.buyrwcom Most popular Rwanda Ads website] [[Category:Kigali| ]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] jdj2pr2ax0n239j6bgwh8m8syx9rw29 0 2568 139061 135964 2026-09-23T02:27:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139061 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sugar 2xmacro.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">isukari</span>]] [[Dosiye:Brown_sugar_crystals.JPG|thumb|Isukari]] [[Dosiye:Sucre_blanc_cassonade_complet_rapadura.jpg|thumb|amoko y'isukari ]] [[Dosiye:Sugar 1.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Raw sugar closeup.jpg|thumb|Raw sugar closeup]] [[Dosiye:Sugar-01.jpg|thumb|Isukari]] [[Dosiye:Azucarillos.jpg|thumb|Isukura ifatanye]] [[Dosiye:Making of brown sugar in Punjab 11.jpg|thumb|Guteka isukari]] [[Dosiye:The Sugar Land Refinery in Sugar Land, TX.jpg|thumb|Uruganda rw'usukari]] == Isukari == ''Abantu benshi n’imbuga za interineti zitandukanye zitangaza ko gufata isukari ku rugero ruringaniye ari byo byiza kuko isukari nyinshi mu mubiri itera uburwayi.'' [[Dosiye:Sugar in Junk Food - Doughnuts, Biscuits, Chocolate and Cake.jpg|thumb|Sugar in Junk Food - Doughnuts, Biscuits, Chocolate and Cake]] Inyinshi muri izi mbuga zitangaza ko ibyo kurya byose umuntu afashe, umubiri uhita ubihindura nk’isukari hatitawe ku bwoko bw’ibiryo wafashe. Isukari itandukanye n’ibindi biribwa nk’inyama, imbuto, [[imboga]] kuko byo bifite intungamubiri, imyunyu ngugu na aside; isukari yo ikaba itabifite kandi aribyo bifasha mu igogorwa (digestion) ndetse no kunyunyuza ibifitiye umubiri akamaro. Ibi bikaba byatera ikibazo umuntu wabifashe ku rugero rurenze kugira ingaruka. == Ubushakashatsi == Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikinyamakuru American journal of clinical Nutrition, buvuga ko iyo umuntu afashe garama 100 z’isukari isazwe bigabanya imikorere y’abasirikare barinda umubiri ho amasaha atanu. Ngo iyo bigenze gutya, ubwirinzi bw’umubiri n’ubushobozi bwabwo birahadindirira mu kurwanya indwara. Ubushakashatsi bukomeza bugaragaza ko abantu benshi bizera ko umutobe wa orange ufite intungamubiri nyinshi. Gusa ngo iyo wamaze guhindurwa, ibyo bita enzymes nzima, intungamubiri ndetse n’imyunyu ngugu biragabanuka. Uburyo umutobe ukorwa ngo iyo umaze gutunganwa uba umeze nk’isukari y’umweru kuko ngo nta ntungamubiri uba ugifite zafasha isukari karemano iba mu mubiri (glucose) mu gutunganya ibyo kurya ngo bibe byafasha umubiri. Ngo na none si byiza ko umuntu abaho atazi isukari yafashe ku munsi. Abantu benshi bakunda kurwara kuko ibi ngo batabyitaho bityo bigatera umubiri wabo gukora buhoro ku buryo budakwiriye umuntu muzima. == Indwara ziterwa n'isukari nyinshi == ''1. Iyo umuntu akunda kunywa isukari nyinshi, impindura ntabwo ishobora gukura isukari mu maraso ibi bigatera diabete. Ibi bigakunda kugaragara cyane ku babyeyi bageze igihe cyo gucura(menopause).'' 2. Iyo umuntu akunda gufata isukari nyinshi bishobora kumutera indwara z’amenyo 3. Iyo ukunda gufata isukari nyinshi na none ngo byongera gutakara kw’intungamubiri za kalisiyumu n’imyunyungugu umubiri ukenera igihe umuntu anyara kenshi. 4. Abagore bafata isukari cyane ngo bashobora guhorana umushiha ndetse n’ubwoba. ''5. Iyo ufata isukari nyinshi byongera guhorana umunaniro udashira.'' Ese ibyiza by’isukari ni ibihe ? ''6. Isukari ishobora kukongerera ingufu. Gusa ngo ibi ni iby’igihe gito kuko ihita ishiramo. Ni nko kunywa amazi uramutse ufite inyota kuko wongera kuyigira.'' 7. Isukari igufasha kumva ko ibyo urya biryoshye. 8. isukari ituma ugira uruhu rwiza. ''9. Isukari igufasha gusinzira neza.'' Mu [[Rwanda]] isukari yari imaze iminsi yariyongereye ibiciro kuko ikilo cyaguraga amafaranga igihumbi na Magana inani y’u Rwanda none ubu ikilo kigaba cyasubiye ku gihumbi na Magana abiri. == Isukari yo mu Nganda == '''Isukari yo mu Nganda''' : Abashinzwe kumenya impamvu zitera indwara z’ibyorezo basanze ko zifitanye isano no gukoresha isukari, nyuma basanga ububi bw’isukari butagarukiye aho, ahubwo isukari ishobora no gutera [[kanseri yo mu mura]], mu gifu, n’iyo mu munwa wa nyababyeyi (inkondo ya nyababyeyi). == Reba == <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.agakiza.rw/-Inama- |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228051122/https://www.agakiza.rw/-Inama- |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Category:Ibiribwa]] 42hrfbmpdajw3r3u5eufbhb05tn37uk 0 2588 139062 137188 2026-09-23T02:27:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139062 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Persea americana Colombia.jpg|thumb|Persea americana Colombia|366x366px]] [[File:Avocado fruit variety in the Philippines.jpg|thumb|Avocado fruit variety in the Philippines|300x300px]] [[File:Avocado Hass - single and halved.jpg|thumb|328x328px|<span style="color:grey;">''Avoka''</span>]] [[Dosiye:Persea_americana_fruit_2.JPG|thumb|avoka eshatu mu giti|382x382px]] [[Dosiye:Avocados (Persea americana) (18159574242).jpg|thumb|Igiti cya avoka]] == Avoka == [[Dosiye:Persea americana (avocado) (27606495619).jpg|thumb|Avoka.]] [[Dosiye:Kol-i010-.jpg|thumb]] Avoka Ibarirwa mu muryango wa lauracees, mu bwoko bwa persea Americana, yakomotse muri [[Amerika]] yo hagati. Avoka ni [[imbuto]] ziribwa zikungahaye cyane ku muvuta na vitamini. Avoka ni [[igiti]] gikura kikagera ku burebure bwa metero 8 kugera kuri 20. Amoko yatsindiriwe akunze kuba magufi kuruta amahumbikano.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-avoka.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2023-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230224121424/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-avoka.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibimera/article/abatuye-mu-mijyi-na-bo-bararebwa-na-gahunda-yo-gutera-ibiti-by-imbuto</ref> [[Dosiye:Avocado_with_cross_section_edit.jpg|thumb|Avocado with cross section edit]] === Akamaro k’Avoka === Avoka zikungahaye ku mavuta kurusha izindi mbuto ziribwa ari mbisi (7.8-40.7) bityo zitanga imbaraga, zikungahaye kuri [[vitamini C]],A,B,E,K. Inombe y’Avoka ikorwamo amavuta yo guteka, umutobe wo kunywa. Avoka kandi zikoreshwa mu nganda zikora imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga n’amasabune, ibishishwa n’ibisigazwa byazo bikorwamo ibyo kurya by’amatungo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Aho Avoka Ikunda === Avoka ikunda ahantu hagwa imvura iringaniye (1250-1750mm) mu mwaka,ubutaka butarekamo amazi menshi kuko atuma imizi ibora bityo igiti kikuma. Avoka yera hose mu [[Rwanda]] ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 900 na metero 1800, ahantu hari ubusharire bwa PH5.5-6 ariko hari n’amoko yera neza hejuru ya metero 2000.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> === Amoko y’Avoka === Amoko y’Avoka y’ingenzi yakozweho ubushakashatsi akagaragaza ko yera neza ni: * Hass, * fuerte, * Ettinger, * Booth8, * Choquette * na collisson. Hariho andi yera mu rugero kandi akera hejuru ya metero 2000. Ayo ni nka * Zutano, * puelba, * Dickison, * simpson, * Bacon, * Booth7. Avoka zera imbuto zifite ishusho itandukanye bitewe n’ubwoko bwazo. Hari izigira imbuto zibumbabumbye,izindi ni ndende kimwe nuko hari ingufi. Iyo Avoka ihishije, igishishwa gishobora gusa n’icyatsi cyangwa umutuku bitewe n’ubwoko bwayo.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Ibimera]] [[Category:Ibiti]] [[Category:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] adhk7de9xv13f9qrlqa6sto7evhsvz8 0 2776 139115 122289 2026-09-23T02:37:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139115 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Male gorilla in SF zoo.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi (gabo)</span>]] [[File:Gorilla mother and baby at Volcans National Park.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ingagi (gore)</span>]] [[File:Gorilla gorilla skull.jpg|thumb|upright 1.2| <span style="color:grey;">gabo na gore</span>]] [[File:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female with baby.jpg|thumb|Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female with baby]]'''Ingagi''' (izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]] ''Gorilla'') Kwiga iby’inguge ni ugusesengura ubuzima bw’inguge. Iri ni ishami ry’ibinyabuzima rikaba rifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ibijyanye no kwiga imiterere y’ikiremwa-muntu. Ubu ni ubumenyi bw’inguge ku [[Umuntu|muntu]] w’iki gihe (''genus Homo'') cyane cyane umuntu wo mu gihe tugezemo (''Homo sapiens''). Ubwo bumenyi bubumbira hamwe kwiga ibisamuntu, birimo abakurambere ba muntu hamwe n’ubundi bwoko bw’inguge zo muri [[Afurika]]. Ubumenyi bwo kwiga inguge bugezweho ni ubuhanga buhambaye. Ubwo bumenyi buhera ku kwiga imiterere y’abakurambere b’inguge hamwe, aho zikunze kwibera, ibijyanye n’imitekerereze yazo n’imivugire yazo. Ibi byafashije cyane mu kurushaho ku kumenya ibanze ry’imyifatire y’umuntu n’ibijyanye n’iyo myifatire ku bakurambere ba muntu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kubungabunga ingagi |url=http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article61 |accessdate=2011-01-18 |archive-date=2012-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119174234/http://www.rwandagateway.org/rw/spip.php?article61 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Amoko menshi y’ [[inguge]] hari byinshi ahuriyeho n’ abantu ariko ingagi zo ni akarusho! Ibirenge n’intoki byazo biteye nk’iby'abantu kurusha ubundi bwoko bwose bw’inguge; ingagi zimara igihe kinini ku butaka kurusha izindi nguge zose, niyo mpamvu ibirenge byazo bishobora kugenda nta kibazo. Ibi ubibonera cyane ku ngagi zo mu birunga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.igihe.com/news-2-95-1258.html |title=Ingagi zo mu Birunga: inyamaswa zifite byinshi zihuriyeho n\'abantu |access-date=2011-01-02 |archive-date=2016-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306071035/http://igihe.com/news-2-95-1258.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> IBINJYANYE N'INGAGI https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/inyamaswa/article/ubushakashatsi-bwagaragaje-imibereho-itangaje-y-ingagi-z-imfubyi == Abaturage == Umubare munini w’izo ngagi uba mu gace k’Afurika yo hagati mu karere k’[[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ibirunga]] byo mu Rwanda, Repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo na Uganda. Abayobozi b’ibi bihugu bafatanije n’imiryango iharanira gusigasira urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bakaba barakoze ibarura ryasanze muri 2011 hazaba hari ingagi zigera kuri 480 mu gihe muri 2003 zanganaga na 380. Iyi mibare ikaba ituma ku isi yose ubu habarirwa ingagi zigera kuri 786. Uyu mubare nk’uko ubuyobozi bw’i’bihugu bibamo ingagi bubivuga ukaba wariyongereye bitewe n’ingamba zafashwe zo kurwanya abahiga [[inyamaswa]]. Ibi bikiyongera no ku kurwanya itwika ry’amashyamba.<ref>http://www.intege.com/ingagi.html</ref> == Amoko == * '''[[Ingagi zo mu birunga]]''' cyangwa [[Ingagi zo mu misozi]] (''Gorilla beringei''): Zigera kuri cumi n’ebyiri ndetse n’izindi nyamaswa, izo ngagi n’inyamaswa zari mu ishyamba ry’ibirunga zahunze umuriro wari umaze igihe uri gukongeza inkengero z’ishyamba z’ibirunga ku ruhande rw’u [[Rwanda]] ndetse na [[Uganda]], izo ngagi rero ngo zahisemo kugana ku ruhande rwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] kuko ariho zari zizeye umutekano kuko ho nta muriro wahageraga. * '''[[Ingagi zo mu burengerazuba]]''' (''Gorilla gorilla'') == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == * [http://news.igihe.org/ubukerarugendo_news.php?groupid=2&news_cat_id=40&news_id=9021 Ingagi zo mu karere k’Ibirunga ziyongereyeho 26,3%] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101117200938/http://igihe.com/news-7-11-555.html Rwanda : Urupfu rwa TITUS Umwami w’Ingagi muri Parike y’Ibirunga] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160309210842/http://igihe.com/news-2-95-4770.html Igihombo gikomeye: Urupfu rw’ingagi eshanu mu Rwanda mu gihe cy’amezi icyenda] [[Category:Inyamabere]] 2tn02yttflf4ei1w5ir5idvnrmvxl55 0 2978 139035 134031 2026-09-22T23:52:51Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139035 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q16602142}} '''Matilda Kalibata''' '''Agnes''' ni Umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi ndetse akaba yari minisitiri w’[[Ubuhinzi]] n’Ubworozi w'igihugu cy'u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2014<ref>[http://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&Itemid=276&lang=rw Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources] </ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/12/un-under-fire-over-choice-of-corporate-puppet-as-envoy-at-key-food-summit</ref>.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200728204621/https://agra.org/zt_team/dr-agnes-kalibata-2/</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/2019-nas-awards/Kalibata.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-09-22 |archive-date=2023-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419160201/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/2019-nas-awards/Kalibata.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Agnes_Karibata.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ya Agnes kalibata]] [[File:Agnes_Kalibata_2019_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata mu mwaka wa 2019 ]] = Ubuzima bwo hambere n'Uburezi = Kalibata yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] akurira mu buzima bw'impunzi mu gihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]] arerwa n'ababyeyi bari bafite amikoro macye.<ref>https://medium.com/@AGRAAlliance/by-agnes-kalibata-1bfa6118ecad</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na entomologiya na biohimiya, akurikirwa n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhinzi, haba muri kaminuza ya Makerere yo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20150719004926/https://ifdc.org/board-of-directors/agnes-kalibata/</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. muri entomologiya ayikuye muri kaminuza ya Massachusetts Amherst.<ref name=":0" /> Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi mu mwaka wa 2005, yakoze ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubuhinzi cya Kawanda n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubuhinzi bubera mu bice by'ubushyuhe, ku bufatanye na kaminuza ya Makerere ya Uganda na kaminuza ya Massachusetts<ref name=":0" /> = Umwuga = Kalibata yabaye minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’umutungo w’u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2014.<ref name=":0" /> Muri manda ye yose, yateje imbere ikoreshwa ry’ubumenyi bushingiye ku bumenyi mu buhinzi mu kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa no guteza imbere ibiribwa, yibanda ku miryango y'abahinzi.<ref name=":0" /> Yashyize mu bikorwa politiki, igamije guhuza abahinzi n’abaturanyi n’abakiriya, ndetse na gahunda yo guhinga amakoperative, na gahunda yo kugabirana [[inka]] byorohereza imiryango gutunga inka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://modernfarmer.com/2013/10/rwandas-ag-minister-agnes-matilda-kalibata/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424100909/https://modernfarmer.com/2013/10/rwandas-ag-minister-agnes-matilda-kalibata/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu myaka itandatu yari minisitiri, urwego rw’ubukene mu Rwanda rwaragabanutse hejuru ya 50%; ingengo y’imari y’ubuhinzi y’umwaka yavuye kuri miliyoni 10 US $ igera kuri miliyoni 150 USD; n'u Rwanda rwabaye [[igihugu]] cya mbere cyashyize umukono ku masezerano muri gahunda rusange yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi muri Afurika (gahunda ya Komisiyo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ).<ref name=":0" /> Yashimiwe na benshi kubera ibyo bagezeho,<ref name=":0" /> ariko imiryango imwe iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yanenze iyo politiki kuko inkunga y'amafaranga yahawe gusa abahinzi bakurikiza politiki ya leta yo guhuza ubutaka.<ref name=":3" /> Mu mwaka wa 2014, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] mu iterambere ry’inzego.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Agnes Kalibata - 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata]] Kuva muri Nzeri 2014, yabaye perezida w'Umuryango ushinzwe impinduramatwara y’ibidukikije muri Afurika (AGRA),<ref>https://agra.org/who-we-are-our-leadership/agnes-kalibata-3/</ref> umuryango uyobowe n’Afurika ufite intego yo kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa n’amafaranga y’imiryango ingana na miliyoni 30 zizwi mu bihugu 11 bya Afurika 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://agra.org/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717024845/https://agra.org/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2019-07-17 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=AGRA |language=en-US}}</ref> na, mubindi, gutanga uburyo bwo kubona imbuto nziza ninguzanyo. <ref name=":0" /> Ari kandi mu buyobozi bw'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ifumbire mvaruganda n'ikigo cy'ubuyobozi cya Anand, muri Gujarati . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agnes Kalibata |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18942831 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-16 |website=bloomberg.com}}</ref> Kalibata yagize uruhare runini muri MINAGRI, Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’umutungo w’u Rwanda; yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho wa minisiteri mu 2006, Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ubuhinzi mu 2008, na Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’umutungo wuzuye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexandre |first=Kayitare |title=DR AGNES KALIBATA IS AWARDED YARA PRIZE FOR HAVING PROMOTED FOOD SECURITY IN RWANDA |url=http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/FlashNews/Fn%2007%20September%202012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528062950/http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/FlashNews/Fn%2007%20September%202012.pdf |archive-date=2016-05-28 |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=MINAGRI Weekly Flash News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-14 |title=Prize Laureates |url=https://africafoodprize.org/laureates/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-04-02 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakoze kandi indi myanya myinshi harimo umuyobozi w’inama y’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ndetse n’umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro mu Rwanda. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Agnes M. Kalibata |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2016/speakers/agnes-m-kalibata/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121005607/https://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2016/speakers/agnes-m-kalibata/ |archive-date=2016-11-21 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=African Development Bank |language=en}}</ref> Yakoze mu Nama Ngishwanama y'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku biribwa ndetse anayobora umushinga wa [[Banki y'Isi]] mu Rwanda. <ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] Kalibata yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi mpuzamahanga y’ifumbire mvaruganda (IDFC) kuva mu 2008, aho ayoboye komite nyafurika y’ubuyobozi, akaba n'umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi n’ubugenzuzi.<ref name=":1" /> Ni umwe mu bagize inama nyinshi z’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga harimo nka [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]], Ubushobozi bw’Afurika, Inama y’Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi, Komisiyo ishinzwe kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’itsinda ry’ubuhinzi n’inzobere mu kwihaza mu biribwa.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2019, umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, António Guterres, yashyizeho Kalibata nk'intumwa idasanzwe mu nama y’ibiribwa 2021. <ref>[https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2019-12-16/ms-agnes-kalibata-of-rwanda-special-envoy-for-2021-food-systems-summit Ms. Agnes Kalibata of Rwanda - Special Envoy for 2021 Food Systems Summit] [[United Nations]], press release of December 16, 2019.</ref> = Imyanya ya politiki = Kalibata yagize uruhare runini mu guharanira uburinganire mu Rwanda, ashimangira inyungu z’ubukungu zo gushishikariza abagore kugira uruhare runini muri sosiyete kuko u Rwanda rwakize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994 yahitanye abantu 800.000 mu mezi atatu bigatuma abaturage b’u Rwanda 60% b’abagore. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony Faiola |date=19 May 2008 |title=Women pave way for Rwanda's revival |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2008/05/19/women_pave_way_for_rwandas_revival.html |access-date=2019-02-02 |website=thestar.com |language=en}}</ref> = Amashimwe n'ibihembo = Mu mwaka wa 2012, Kalibata yahawe igihembo cya Yara (ubu cyitwa igihembo cy’ibiribwa muri Afurika ), gishimangira umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ikigo cyayoboye imbaraga zo guhindura ukuri mu buhinzi muri Afurika.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2018, kaminuza ya Liege, [[Ububiligi|mu Bubiligi]] yamuhaye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro kubera ubuyobozi bw'icyubahiro (2018).<ref name=":0" /> Niwe wahawe umudari w’imibereho rusange ya NAS 2019: wasobanuwe n’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi nk’igihembo cyubahwa cyane, uyu mudari uhabwa buri mwaka umuhanga ukoresha siyanse ku nyungu rusange.<ref name=":0" /> *[[Inama y’Abaminisitiri]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalibata, Agnes Matilda}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagore]] oy4t8hnyb85t73wwzsumsjcpql5nlcl 0 3038 139063 121870 2026-09-23T02:27:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139063 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Sanzio 01 Plato Aristotle.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Plato n’Aristo</span>]] [[File:St-thomas-aquinas.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] '''Filozofi''' (izina mu Cyongereza ''Phylosophy'' ) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Gusobanukirwa n’ikibazo cy’ingenzi cya Filozofi gitandukanya [[abafilozofe]] (''Philosophers'') kikabaha n umurongo wo kumva no gusobanura ibintu. Uyobora ikiganiro akwiye kumenya ko abahugurwa batinya Filozofi ariko bakaba bifuza kuyimenya. Niyo mpamvu akwiye kubaza ibibazo byoroshye agahera kubyo bazi kandi bivugiye, agana ku bishya. N’ubwo ubumenyi bwa mbere ku isi bwari Filozofi, kandi n’ubu Filozofi akaba ari imwe mu nyigisho zigwa, abanyarwanda benshi bayitwara nk’isomo rikomeye cyane. Bumva Filosofi ari inyigisho ikwiye guhabwa abahanga kabuhariwe, ndetse n’uwayize bamureba nk’umuntu wasarishijwe n’ubwenge bwinshi buvangitiranye. Hari n’aho usanga abafilozofe bitwa abasazi, ibizongwe, n’andi mazina mu by ukuri asesereza. Filozofi ni ubumenyi bw’isi (''Universe'') n amategeko ayigenga. Isi igizwe na kamere (''nature''), umuryango w’abantu (''society'') n’igitekerezo (''thought''). Filozofi rero ni ubumenyi busubiza ibibazo byose umuntu yibaza kuri kamere, umuryango w’abantu n’igitekerezo. Kubera ariko ko umuntu ariwe usumba byose, Filozofi ni ubumenyi bwose ku muntu n ibimukikije. Filozofi isobanura imibanire y abantu n’ibintu, abantu n’abandi n’ibintu n’ibindi. Kugira ngo isi irusheho gusobanuka, Filozofi yagabanijwemo ibice binyuranye by ubumenyi, buri gice kikigwa mu buryo bunonosoye. Ibyo bice ni nka: ''Physics, chemistry, geology, astronomy, biology, psychology, sociology, etc''. Mu by ukuri, ibyo byose hamwe n’ubundi bumenyi, bigize ubumenyi bugari bwitwa Filosofi. == Inkomoko ya filozofi == Umuntu yagize ubushake bwo gusobanukirwa isi kuva amaze kuba umuntu. Ubwo nibwo yatangiye kwibaza ku : :Inkomoko y ubuzima :Inkomoko y umuntu :Iherezo ry umuntu (uko bigenda iyo apfuye) :Akamaro (''purpose'') ko kubaho n ibindi. Abantu ba mbere babonaga umuntu avuka, agakura, agasaza, akarwara, agapfa n’ibindi, bakabyibazaho bikabashobera. Babonaga imvura igwa, izuba riva, inkuba ikubita, imigezi itemba n’ibindi byinshi nabyo bakabyibazaho ariko bikababera urujijo. Ibi byatumye batinya ibintu bimwe ndetse batangira kubisenga. Ikintu cyose batashoboraga gusobanukirwa bavugaga ko ubwo hagomba kuba hari ikintu gifite ububasha buhanitse, kigomba kuba kigenga ibyo byose. Ubwo nibwo kwemera imana byavutse. Nibwo kandi havutse [[Imana]] nyinshi bitewe n’akarere abantu babagamo n’ingorane bahuraga nazo mu buzima bwa buri munsi.( Imana y uburumbuke, Imana y’izuba, Iy’imvura, n’izindi ) == Icyitonderwa == Umuntu yavuga ko ibibazo abantu ba mbere bibazaga n’ibisubizo batangaga atari Filozofi kuko Filozofi yibaza ku kibazo mu buryo bucukumbuye, igatanga ibisobanuro birambuye, binonosoye kandi bitanga umurongo (''detailed and systematic''). Ndetse no kuba abantu bibaza ibibazo bitandukanye kandi bagatanga ibisubizo bitandukanye, nabyo ntibibagira abafilozofe. Umufilozofe ni umuntu ufite ubuhanga bwo gusesengura ibibazo rusange biri muri kamere, umuryango w’abantu n’igitekerezo mu buryo burambuye kandi bunonosoye, agashyiraho n’umurongo wo kubisobanura. N ubwo rero abantu nka ba NYIRABIYORO bibazaga bati : « ko mbona bucya bukira amaherezo azaba ayahe? » ntabwo byabagize abafilozofe. Iyo [[umwana]] yibaza aho aca iyo avuka ntabwo aba yabaye umufilozofe. Gushyirwa ku murongo kwa Filozofi (''Systematisation'') byatangiye kera nko mu myaka 2500-3000 ishize (''Ancient ages/Antiquités''). Filozofi nka system yatangiye kubaho mu bihugu byari biteye imbere kurusha ibindi icyo gihe mu buryo bwo kuyobora igihugu (''political organization''), ubukungu (''Economy''), imibanire (''social'') n’umuco (''culture''). Ibyo bihugu byari bimaze kugira Leta (''State'') n’inzego z’ubusumbane mu baturage (''class differentiation''). Ibyo bihugu ni nka : [[Misiri]], [[Ubushinwa]], [[Ubuhindi]], ariko cyane [[Ubugereki]]. == Ikibazo cy ingenzi cya filozofi == Igisubizo babonera icyo kibazo ni cyo kibatandukanya, kikabaha n umurongo wo gutekerezamo no gusobanura isi n’ibiyirimo byose. Icyo kibazo ni: :Ni iki cy’ibanze : ukubaho cyangwa gutekereza ? (''Being or thinking'')? :Iki bibazo gishobora kubazwa mu bundi buryo bukurikira: :Ni iki cy’ibanze : ''Matter/matière'' cyangwa consciousness/conscience ? :Hari n’akandi kabazo (''sub-question'') gashamikiye kuri icyo cy’ingenzi, nako gatandukanya :Abafilozofe. Ako kabazo ni : Isi ishobora kumenyekana ? (''Is the world knowable?'') :Abafilozofe bagabanyijwemo impande ebyiri bitewe n’igisubizo babonera icyo kibazo ndetse n’ako kabazo kagishamikiyeho. == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Filozofi| ]] 8huxu8p60e5tak8ijlbfbj5arswghtc 0 3046 139094 102523 2026-09-23T02:31:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139094 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Corpses in the courtyard of Nordhausen concentration camp.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Jenoside y’Abayahudi</span>]] [[File:Buchenwald Slave Laborers Liberation.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Jenoside y’Abayahudi</span>]] '''Itsembabwoko ry’Abayahudi''' <ref>http://www.irdp.rw/docs/jenoside.pdf</ref> cyangwa '''Jenoside y’Abayahudi''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishami Rishinzwe Uburere Mboneragihugu, Ukwakire, 2006 |url=http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |accessdate=2010-12-25 |archive-date=2012-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029113019/http://www.nurc.gov.rw/documents/researches/Syllabus_Ingando.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> (izina mu [[kiyahudi]] '''שואה''') Leta y’[[Abadage]] (''Großdeutsches Reich'') yakoze gahunda yo kurimbura imbaga y’[[abayahudi]] igeze kuri 6.000.000 hagati ya [[1938]] na [[1946]]. Bishe n [[abanazi]] n abandi babafashije mu Budage no mu Burayi bwose bwari bwigaruriwe na leta ya [[Hitler]]. Irondakoko ryibasiye abayahudi bita ''antisémitisme'' ni ryo rikuru cyane ryabaye mu madini, mu bukungu, muri politike no mu muco. Leta ya Hitler niyo yarigize ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Batangira kwirukanwa mu Budage, bamwe barahava. Abasigaye baricwa mu bihugu byose byari byatsinze : ''Pologne, Autriche, URSS, France, Pays-Bas, Belgique, Grèce, Yougoslavie'' n’ahandi. Jenoside y’Abayahudi yitwa ''shoah'' (שואה) bivuga gutsembwatsembwa (''destruction totale, destruction absolue, catastrophe écrassante''). Hari n’igihe bakoresha ijambo ''Holocauste'', bivuga gutangwaho igitambo (une immolation entièrement consommée). Ayo magambo ariko ashobora no gukoreshwa ku zindi jenoside zabaye ahandi. Abayahudi ndetse n’abandi bishwe n’abanazi bagiye bakusanyirizwa mu bigo, byitwa ''camps de concentration''. Ariko hari n’ibindi byitwaga ibigo by imirimo (''camps de travail''), hakaba ibindi byitwaga iby imfungwa z’intambara (''camps pour prisonniers de guerre''), ndetse habaga n’ibyo bitaga iby’agateganyo (''camp de transit''). Hakaba ariko cyane cyane ibigo by’urupfu (''camps d extermination ou de la mort''). Byose hamwe byari hafi 30. Ibizwi cyane ni Buchenwald, Bergen-Belsen, Mauyhausen, Auschwitz, Birkenan, Chelmo, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobidor, Na Majdaneki. [[File:Slave laborers at Buchenwald.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Jenoside y’Abayahudi</span>]] Urupfu rw umwihariko rw’abayahudi ni ukwicishwa uburozi bwa Gaz Bafungiranaga abayahudi mu bikamyo bifungiranye hose, cyangwa mu byumba binini bifungiranye hose, bakoherezamo uburozi bw’umwuka wa GAZ (''Zyklon B'') Bagapfa nyuma y’iminota 15-20. Abayahudi bicanywe n’abandi bantu batari abayahudi, bamwe bazize ibyo bakoraga, abandi kubera ibyo bangaga gukora cyangwa gusa kubera icyo baricyo. Abo ni nk’abakomunisti, abasosiyalisti, abaliberali, abasendikalisti, abitwa « homosexuels », abo mw idini rya « Témoins de Jéhovah », abitwa « Tsiganes ». Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni imfungwa z’intambara z’abasovietike : hishwe hafi 3.300.000. Abandi bishwe ari benshi ni aba SLAVES bo muri U.R.S.S. no muri Pologne : hishwe hamwe hagati ya 19.000.700 na 24.000.000 y’abaturage. Abantu bose bazize jenoside y’abanazi bageze kuri 26.000.000, harimo 6.000.000 z abayahudi, hagati ya 500.000 na 1.000.000 y’abaTsiganes n abandi bagizwe cyane cyane n’abaslaves. == Notes == <references/> [[gory:Abayahudi]] [[Category:Itsembabwoko]] lftbyviqy2f2mjzrv550jfxixvlgh1y 0 3389 139129 121318 2026-09-23T02:39:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139129 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kimisagara.jpg|thumb|Imiturire y'abaturage b'umurenge wa Kimisagara mu mujyi wa KIGALI]] '''Umurenge wa Kimisagara''', ni umwe mu Mirenge icumi igize [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge]]. Umurenge wa kimisagara uri mu marembo y’Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] kandi uhana imbibi n’Imirenge ya : :Kigali: Iburengerazuba; :Gatsat A : Mu majyaruguru; :Gitega, Muhima: Iburasirazuba; :Ny Akabanda na Rwezamneyo : Amajyepfo. Ufite ubuso bungana na 3.19 km2 n’umubare w’abaturage bangana na 34472. Ugizwe kandi n’Utugali dutatu aritwo: Kimisagara, Katabaro, Kamuhoza. Utugari twose tugizwe n’[[imidugudu]] 48. Ingo zigize Umurenge zingana na 7042. Abaturage bagize Umurenge wa Kimisagara batunzwe ahanini n’imirimo ihemba, ubucuruzi buciriritse ndetse n’ibimina bibafasha kugera ku gishoro. [[Dosiye:Houses_of_Kimisagara.jpg|thumb|Kimisagara]] Nk’uko Umurage ari ishingiro ry’ubukungu [[igihugu]] cyacu giteho byinshi, akwiye gusigasirwa ahabwa ibyangombwa by’ibanze birimo ubumenyi no kurindwa indwara n’ibindi bya muhungabanya. Kugirango iyi mihigo igerweho ningombwa ko habaho ubufatanye hagati y’ abaturage n’Ubuyobozi bityo buri wese agatanga umusanzu we. Umurenge wiyemeje gutanga serivisi nziza kandi zihuse utibagiwe no guteza imbere ibikorwa by’amajyambere, Akarere n’izindi nzego z’Ubuyobozi zizadufasha kugera ku Ntego. Ukeneye kumenya Umurenge wa Kimisagara byisumbuyeho wabaza Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa [[Category:Akarere ka Nyarugenge]] [[Category:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] flkezja9ejs1sjn0h4c07tx1jmf5b4x 0 3607 139064 121723 2026-09-23T02:27:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139064 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Honeybee landing on milkthistle02.jpg|thumb|Uruyuki]] [[Dosiye:Apis mellifera Tanzania.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:2013-07-07 11.29.22 - Rahmen mit Bienen die Waben bauen.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:2014-06-17 14.18.30 - Bienenzuchtverein Rodaun - Bienenstock.jpg|thumb|Inzuki]] [[Dosiye:Apis mellifera carnica worker hive entrance 2.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Carpenter bees (44862644452).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:A bee on the flower.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Honey bee collecting nectar from Aesculus hippocastanum flowers in Gramzda, Latvia, May 2019.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Apis mellifera flying.jpg|thumb|Apis mellifera flying.jpg]] [[Dosiye:Episyrphus balteatus (De Haan).jpg|thumb|Episyrphus balteatus ]] [[Dosiye:Bees Baguio Philippines 1.jpg|thumb|Inzuki]] = Intangiriro = [[File:ComputerHotline - Apis mellifera (by) (1).jpg|thumb|ComputerHotline - Apis mellifera (by) (1)]] [[File:Apis mellifera Tanzania.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Uruyuki</span>]] [[File:Bee Collecting Pollen 2004-08-14.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Impashyi iri guhova</span>]] [[File:Bienen auf Wabe 2.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Inzuki</span>]] '''Uruyuki''' (ubuke: '''Inzuki'''; izina ry’ubumenyi mu [[kilatini]]: ''Apis'' ) ni udusimba tw’[[inigwahabiri]] tutagira amagufwa turangwa n’umubiri ugizwe n’ibice bitatu byuzuzanya aribyo; umutwe, ugaragaraho uduhembe tubiri tuzifasha guhuririza ibirukikije, amaso manini abiri azifasha kureba, n’umunwa. Mu [[umuzinga|muzinga]] hashobora kubamo ingabo 1500 kandi zikagaburirwa n’intazi. Akamaro kazo ni ako kwimya urwiru gusa, kandi urwimije urwiru ruhita rupfa. Ingabo ntiziryana, si byiza ko ziba nyinshi mu muzinga kuko zirya [[ubuki]] kandi zidakora. Uruyuki ni agakoko gato kaguruka gakora ubuki. == Amoko y’inzuki == Amoko y’inzuki azwi cyane ni ayo mu bwoko bwa ''Apis mellifica'', ''Apis dorsata'', ''Apis florea'' na ''Apis cerana''. Cyakora inzuki zikunze gukoreshwa mu buvumvu ni izo mu bwoko bwa ''Apis mellifica'', nazo zikaba zigabanyijemo ibice byinshi, ukurikije uturere zigenda zibonekamo. Muri zo hari: :1. ''Apis mellifica'' : ziboneka mu karere k’inyanja ya Mediterane :2. ''Apis mellifica intermisa'' :3. ''Apis mellifica major'' : ziboneka mu Majyaruguru ya Afurika :4. ''Apis mellifica sahariensis'' :5. ''Apis mellifica lamarekii'' :6. ''Apis mellifica nubica'' : ziboneka muri [[Sudani]] na Misiri :7. ''Apis mellifica scutellata'' :8. ''Apis mellifica litorea'' :9. ''Apis mellifica monticola'' :10. ''Apis mellifica adansonii'' : ziboneka muri Afurika yo Hagati na Australia :11. ''Apis mellifica capensis'' :12. ''Apis mellifica unicolor'' :13. ''Apis mellifica jemmenitica'' :14. ''Apis mellifica remipes'' :15. ''Apis mellifica caucasica'' :16. ''Apis mellifica taurica'' :17. ''Apis mellifica cyprica'' : ziboneka mu karere ka [[Irani]] na Mediterane :18. ''Apis mellifica syriaca'' :19. ''Apis mellifica carnica'' :20. ''Apis mellifica linguistica'' Muri izo nzuki zose, iziboneka mu [[Rwanda]] ni izitwa ''Apis mellifica adansoni'', n’ubwo nta bushakashatsi bwakozwe muri urwo rwego. Hari ubundi bwoko bw’inzuki bita mu kinyarwanda ubuhura (mellipona depressives). Izo nzuki ntizigira urubori, nta n’ubwo zubaka ibinyagu, ahubwo zishyira ubuki mu bihuku by’imiswa, mu binogo byafukutse mu biti, cyangwa mu myenge igenda isigara mu nkuta z’amazu. == Imibereho y’inzuki == Inzuki zibaho ari umuryango urimo inzuki za ngombwa kandi ziziranye. Ziba zikuriwe n’urwiru. Urwiru rurangwa n’ubunini bwarwo, ruba ari rwo rwonyine rw’urugore rubyara kandi rwima inshuro imwe. Rwibikamo intanga-ngabo, zizahura n’intanga-ngore rufite. Rurama imyaka ine kandi rutera amagi ibihumbi bibiri (2000) ku munsi, ntiruryana rugaburirwa n’impashyi, igikoma cy’urwiru (gelée royale). Iyo rushaje rutera amagi make bigatuma inzuki ziba nke mu muzinga, icyo gihe ruvanwa mu muzinga maze impehe zisigaye zikirerera urundi. Ni byiza kurusimbura nibura buri myaka ibiri (2) kandi bigakorwa mu gihe gitangira izuba.Urwiru rushobora kororerwa hanze y’umuzinga rukazashyirwamo nyuma. Inziru 2 ntizibana mu muzinga, zirarwana kugeza rumwe rupfuye. [[File:Bienenwabe mit Eiern und Brut 5.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;"></span>]] == Ingabo == Mu muzinga hashobora kubamo ingabo 1500 zikagaburirwa n’impashyi. Akamaro kazo ni ukwimya urwiru, gusa urwimije ruhita rupfa, Ingabo ntiziryana iyo ari nyinshi mu muzinga si byiza kuko zirya ubuki kandi zidakora. Akenshi urwiru rushaje rubyara ingabo nyinshi, hari ubwo impashyi zanga kuzigaburira zikazirukana cyangwa zikazica. Mu ntangiriro z’igihe cy’izuba gusa nibwo urwiru rutera amagi avamo ingabo. == Ibikomoka ku nzuki == *[[Ubuki]] *[[Insinda]] *[[Ibishashara]] *[[Urucumbu]] *[[Igikoma cy’urwiru]] *[[Ibinyagu]] Gusa abantu bakunda cyane ubuki kubera ukuntu buryoha cyane. Ariko nanone ibikomoka ku nzuki byose bifitye abantu akamaro kubera ko bivura indwara nyinshi. == Amateka y’ubworozi bw’inzuki == [[Dosiye:Umuzinga w'inzuki uri mu umuko.jpg|thumb|umutiba w'inzuki]] Abanditsi b’ibitabo bavuga ko ubworozi bw’inzuki ari umwuga umaze igihe kinini cyane uzwi. Hari bamwe bemeza ko hashize imyaka miliyoni eshanu inzuki zibayeho ku isi, abandi bavuga ko babonye ibisigazwa by’inzuki zabayeho imyaka 3600 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu; bamwe ndetse bemeza ko hari amoko y’inzuki yororerwaga mu [[Misiri]] imyaka 2600 mbere y’ivuka rya Yezu. Ahagana mu kinyejana cya 16 nibwo bamwe mu bagoronome Olivier w’i Sennes yatangiye kwita ku nzuki mu gitabo cye yise Theatre d’agriculture et menages des champs. Nyuma y’aho, ubworozi bw’inzuki bwafashe imyaka myinshi kugira ngo bugere uko tubuzi ubu. Muri icyo gihe Padiri mukuru w’i Carlsmark muri silesie yahimbye [[umutiba]] wa kijyambere ufite amakaderi, bashobora gukura mu mutiba bakayasubizamo nta kibazo. Cyakora uwo mutiba wagiye usubirwamo na Langstroth ariwe wahimbye umutiba wa kijyambere wanitiriwe izina rye, ubu ukaba warageze n’iwacu i Rwanda. Hari n’abandi bagize ibyo bagenda bongeraho, nk’uwitwa Dadant, Layens n’abandi. == Mu Rwanda == Ubworozi bw’inzuki bwagaragaje ko bushobora guteza imbere ababukora, bubushyizemo imbaraga, ariko cyane cyane bitaye ku buryo bwo guhakura ubuki bufite isuku kandi butarimo umwotsi. Mu rwego rwo gufasha abari muri uyu mwuga no kuwuhindura kugira ngo ujye uzanira inyungu abawukora, muri 2008 Leta yafashaije kugura imitiba 9,000 igenewe kugezwa ku bavumvu. Leta kandi yabafashije gushyiraho urwego rw’igihugu ruhuza abavumvu (''Conseil National pour la Sauvegarde des Abeilles''), kugira ngo babone uko bazajya bungurana ibitekerezo kuri uyu mwuga no ku masoko bakoherezaho ubuki basaruye. Muri iyi myaka itanu ishize, umusaruro w’ubuki ukaba wiyongera ku buryo bushimishije. Figure 12 irerekana uburyo umusaruro w’ubuki wiyongereye kuva kuri toni 550 muri 2000 kugeza kuri toni 1600 muri 2007.<ref>http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/ReportGirinkaApril2009.pdf </ref> == Notes == <references/> == Imiyoboro == *[http://www.rarda.gov.rw/spip.php?article38 Imfashanyigisho ku bworozi bw’inzuki bwa kijyambere] *http://www.rarda.gov.rw/IMG/pdf/IFISHI_Y_INZUKI.pdf [[Category:Inzuki]] [[Category:Ubuvumvu]] 794r5s0971ofkpgv154kemd7t0q1bbr 0 4542 139065 135789 2026-09-23T02:28:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139065 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of the Azerbaijani language.svg|thumb|Ikarita y’ikinyazeribayijani]] '''Ikinyazeribayijani'''<ref>translationproject.org ; download.jw.org ; frenchmozilla.fr</ref> cyangwa '''Ikinyazeri'''<ref>microsoft.com</ref> na '''Inyazeribayijani'''<ref>[http://www.google.com/language_tools?hl=rw Gukoresha Imigaragarire ya Google mu Rurimi Rwawe] ; babelserver.org</ref> (izina mu kinyazeribayijani : ''Azərbaycan dili'' cyangwa ''Azərbaycan türkcəsi'' [muri Irani: '''آذربایجان دیلی ''']) ni [[Ururimi (kuvuga)|ururimi]] rwa [[Azeribayijani]] n’[[Irani]]. Itegekongenga [[ISO 639-3]] '''aze''' (mu majyaruguru : '''azj'''; mu majyepfo : '''azb''' ). == Alfabeti y’ikinyazeribayijani == Ikinyazeribayijani kigizwe n’inyuguti 32 :''' a b c ç d e ə f g ğ h x ı i j k q l m n o ö p r s ş t u ü v y z''' :inyajwi 9 : '''a e ə ı i o ö u ü''' :indagi 23 : '''b c ç d f g ğ h x j k q l m n p r s ş t v y z''' <center> {|class="wikitable" style="border-collapse:collapse;" |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |width=3% align="center"|[[A]]||width=3% align="center"|[[B]]||width=3% align="center"|[[C]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ç]]||width=3% align="center"|[[D]]||width=3% align="center"|[[E]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ə]]||width=3% align="center"|[[F]]||width=3% align="center"|[[G]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ğ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[H]]||width=3% align="center"|[[X]]||width=3% align="center"|[[I]]||width=3% align="center"|[[İ]]||width=3% align="center"|[[J]]||width=3% align="center"|[[K]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Q]]||width=3% align="center"|[[L]]||width=3% align="center"|[[M]]||width=3% align="center"|[[N]]||width=3% align="center"|[[O]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ö]]||width=3% align="center"|[[P]]||width=3% align="center"|[[R]]||width=3% align="center"|[[S]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ş]]||width=3% align="center"|[[T]]||width=3% align="center"|[[U]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Ü]]||width=3% align="center"|[[V]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Y]]||width=3% align="center"|[[Z]] |- |bgcolor="#EFEFEF" align="center" colspan="32" | |- |align="center"|a||align="center"|b||align="center"|c||align="center"|ç||align="center"|d||align="center"|e||align="center"|ə||align="center"|f||align="center"|g||align="center"|ğ||align="center"|h||align="center"|x||align="center"|ı||align="center"|i||align="center"|j||align="center"|k||align="center"|q||align="center"|l||align="center"|m||align="center"|n||align="center"|o||align="center"|ö||align="center"|p||align="center"|r||align="center"|s||align="center"|ş||align="center"|t||align="center"|u||align="center"|ü||align="center"|v||align="center"|y||align="center"|z |} </center> == umugereka – ubuke == * a / ı / o / u → -'''lar''' : ** '''ayaq''' – '''ayaqlar''' ikirenge – ibirenge [[File:Ambigram tattoo Stay here written on feet.jpg|150px|Ambigram tattoo Stay here written on feet]] ** '''ağac''' – '''ağaclar''' igiti – ibiti [[File:Amazing trees located in the Volcanoes Park, Rwanda.jpg|150px|Amazing trees located in the Volcanoes Park, Rwanda]] ** '''daş''' – '''daşlar''' ibuye – amabuye [[File:Gletsjerpad naar de Morteratschgletsjer 12-09-2019. (d.j.b) 28.jpg|150px|Gletsjerpad naar de Morteratschgletsjer 12-09-2019. (d.j.b) 28]] ** '''balıq''' – '''balıqlar''' ifi – amafi [[File:Redear sunfish FWS 1.jpg|150px|Redear sunfish FWS 1]] ** '''dovşan''' – '''dovşanlar''' urukwavu – inkwavu [[File:Oryctolagus cuniculus 2zz.jpg|150px|Oryctolagus cuniculus 2zz]] ** '''qadın''' – '''qadınlar''' umugore – abagore [[File:Kigali celebration for the women of Rwandan Women Rising (35426418905).jpg|200px|Kigali celebration for the women of Rwandan Women Rising (35426418905)]] ** '''qız''' – '''qızlar''' umukobwa – abakobwa [[File:Traditional girl Makassar.jpg|150px|Traditional girl Makassar]] [[File:Cultural ladies Rwanda.jpg|150px|Cultural ladies Rwanda]] ** '''oğlan''' – '''oğlanlar''' umuhungu – abahungu [[File:Central African Republic - Boy in Birao.jpg|150px|Central African Republic - Boy in Birao]] ** '''uşaq''' – '''uşaqlar''' umwana – abana [[File:Kids, Namibe, Angola cropped.jpg|150px|Kids, Namibe, Angola cropped]] * e / ə / i / ö / ü → -'''lər''' : ** '''erkək''' – '''erkəkler''' umugabo – abagabo [[File:Bearded man with long hair-3052641.jpg|150px|Bearded man with long hair-3052641]] ** '''ev''' – '''evlər''' inzu – amazu [[File:Charnel House at St Helens Church, Cliffe, Kent, England, 2015-05-06-5136.jpg|150px|Charnel House at St Helens Church, Cliffe, Kent, England, 2015-05-06-5136]] ** '''diş''' – '''dişlər''' iryinyo – amenyo [[File:Chestnut short-tailed bat (Carollia castanea) teeth.jpg|150px|Chestnut short-tailed bat (Carollia castanea) teeth]] == Amagambo n'interuro mu kinyazeribayijani == [[File:Ana Dili.JPG|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Ururimi rw’Ababyeyi</span>]] * '''Bəli''' – Yego * '''Xeyr''' – Oya == Amabara == * '''ağ''' – umweru * '''qara''' – umukara * '''qırmızı''' – umutuku * '''sarı''' – umuhondo * '''göy''' – ubururu * '''yaşıl''' – icatsi * '''qəhvəyi''' – ikigina == Imibare == * '''ədəd''' – umubare * '''ədədlər''' – imibare * '''bir''' – rimwe * '''iki''' – kabiri * '''üç''' – gatatu * '''dörd''' – kane * '''beş''' – gatanu * '''altı''' – gatandatu * '''yeddi''' – karindwi * '''səkkiz''' – umunani * '''doqquz''' – icyenda * '''on''' – icumi * '''on bir''' – cumi na rimwe * '''on iki''' – cumi na kaviri * '''on üç''' – cumi na gatatu * '''on dörd''' – cumi na kane * '''on beş''' – cumi na gatanu * '''on altı''' – cumi na gatandatu * '''on yeddi''' – cumi na karindwi * '''on səkkiz''' – cumi n’umunani * '''on doqquz''' – cumi n’icyenda * '''iyirmi''' – makumyabiri * '''iyirmi bir''' – makumyabiri na rimwe * '''iyirmi iki''' – makumyabiri na kaviri * '''iyirmi üç''' – makumyabiri na gatatu * '''iyirmi dörd''' – makumyabiri na kane * '''iyirmi beş''' – makumyabiri na gatanu * '''iyirmi altı''' – makumyabiri na gatandatu * '''iyirmi yeddi''' – makumyabiri na karindwi * '''iyirmi səkkiz''' – makumyabiri n’umunani * '''iyirmi doqquz''' – makumyabiri n’icyenda * '''otuz''' – mirongo itatu * '''qırx''' – mirongo ine * '''əlli''' – mirongo itanu * '''altmış''' – mirongo itandatu * '''yetmiş''' – mirongo irindwi * '''səksən''' – mirongo inani * '''doxsan''' – mirongo cyenda * '''yüz''' – ijana * '''min''' – igihumbi == Wikipediya mu kinyazeribayijani == * http://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ana_Səhifə == Notes == {{Reflist}} [[Category:Indimi z’ikinyaturukiya]] [[Category:Azeribayijani]] [[Category:Irani]] cfz1mxgghty4lzeces53mh2s0i5cj2y 0 6070 139066 88235 2026-09-23T02:28:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139066 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:SH-60B helicopter flies over Sendai.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] [[File:2011TsunamiFireVehicles.jpg|thumb|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] [[File:JAPAN EARTHQUAKE 20110311.png|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] '''Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani''' cyangwa '''Umutingito na Tsunami mu Buyapani''', '''Umutingito udasanzwe mu Buyapani''' (izina mu [[kiyapani]] : 東北地方太平洋沖地震 Tōhoku Chihō Taiheiyō-oki Jishin) ni [[umutingito]] na umutingito udasanzwe ([[tsunami]]) tariki ya 11 Werurwe 2011 ku gipimo cya M_w 9,0 wahitanye abantu hejuru ya 12,300 i [[Tōhoku]] mu [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]]. Igihungu cy’Ubuyapani ubu cyirimumazi abira kikaba gikeneye ubufasha bwinshi kandi bukomeye cyane kuko cyibasiwe cyane na cyakibazo cy’amazi aremereye ndetse n’''umutingito udasanzwe'' (''tsunami'') Ubuyapani bukaba bukomerewe cyane, kuko bikomeje gusatira mu murwa mukuru [[Tokyo]], Tsunami ikaba ifite umuvunduko ukomeye cyane kuko ntaho aya mazi agera ngo hagire igisigara akaba abanzirizwa n’umutingito ugashegesha ibintu byinshi nk’amazu yemwe nayitwa ko akomeye, hanyuma hakaza amazi menshi cyane kdi aremereye agatwara byose. Mu Buyapani, hari ikindi kintu cyasandaye ku mashini ya kabiri y’uruganda rukoresha ingufu nukleyeri ku munsi wa kane nyuma y’uko rwangijwe n’umutingito w’isi. Ibyo byateje ubwoba ko ibyuma by’urwo ruganda bishobora kurekura imyuka yanduza. Icyo kintu cyasandaye muri iki gitondo cyo ku ya 15 y’ukwa 3 mu mwaka w’2011 ku ruganda rw’ahitwa Fukushima, cyaje gikurikira ikindi cyasandaye umunsi umwe n’iminsi itatu mbere y’iyo taliki. Ibibazo kuri urwo ruganda byatangiye ubwo umutingito w’isi na tsunami yaje iwukurikira byatumye amashanyarazi abura kuri urwo ruganda. Icyo kibazo cyatumye ibyuma bikonjesha imashini kugirango zidashongeshwa n’ubushyuhe bwinshi zidakora. Abategetsi bo mu Buyapani bari kugerageza gusubiza ibintu mu buryo ku ruganda rukora ingufu za nuclear ruri i [[Fukushima]] rwasinzikajwe n’umutingito w’isi hamwe na tsunami kuwa 5 w’icyumweru gishize.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/gahuza/amakuru/2011/03/110316_ubuyapani.shtml Ubuyapani: ibibazo mu ruganda rwa nucleaire]</ref> Tubibutse ko muri iyi minsi igihugu cy’Ubuyapani kitorohewe namba n’umutingito umaze guhitana abarenga 10.000; gusa abapfa bo biyongera buri munsi ku buryo umubare wabo ugenda urushaho kwiyongera uko umunsi ushira. == Ingaruka z’umutingito == [[File:An aerial view of tsunami damage in an area north of Sendai, Japan, taken from a U.S. Navy helicopter.jpg|thumb|left|250px|<span style="color:grey;">Umutingito w’Isi na Tsunami mu Buyapani</span>]] Ku wa Gatanu w’icyumweru gishize, igihugu cy’u Buyapani gisanzwe kizwiho kwibasirwa n’imitingito inshuro nyinshi buri munsi, cyahuye n’umutingito ukabije kuko wari ku rwego rwa 8.9 ku gipimo cya Richter, ukaba ariwo wa 5 munini, kuva mu mwaka wa 1900. Uwo mutingito waturutse mu Nyanja ya Pasifika, uteza tsunami yageze kuri kilometero 10 mu Buyapani rwagati, cyane cyane mu gice cy’Amajyaruguru ashyira Uburasirazuba. Ababuriwe irengero n’abapfuye barenga 2000, kandi ingaruka zikomeje kwiyongera, aho inganda zimwe na zimwe za nucléaire zangiritse zigateza ubushyuhe bukomeye mu kirere.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.igihe.com/news-1-39-11264.html |title=Umutingito wo mu Buyapani wahinduye igihe umunsi umara ku isi, n’aho isi yikaragira |access-date=2011-03-31 |archive-date=2013-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515020702/http://www.igihe.com/news-1-39-11264.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uretse gukora ku Buyapani ariko, uwo mutingito wahinduye imiterere y’isi, n’ubwo bitagaragaye cyane. Nk’uko bitangazwa na the U.S. Geological Survey, uwo mutingito wasunitse ubutaka bw’u Buyapani, ubwigiza kure y’inyanja ho metero zirenga 2.4 ugereranyije na mbere Birashoboka ko bitagaragarira amaso ko amasaha y’umunsi yiyongereye ariko abahanga mu by’ubumenyi n’imiterere y’isi (''Geophysique'') barabyemeza ko ubu umunsi utakireshya nk`uko wareshyaga. Ibi ni nyuma y’umutingito wabereye mu gihugu cy’Ubuyapani. Uriya mutingito wagize ingaruka ku bintu byinshi cyane: inkombe z’inyanja zarahindutse, ibirwa bimwe na bimwe birazimira, ubutaka busa n’ubwimutse bugana mu gice cya ruguru cy’Isi (''Hemisphere Nord''). Ku buryo ubungubu igihe [[Isi]] yamaraga yizenguruka (''rotation'') kiyongereyeho amasegonda 0.000 006 (imibare ya [[Nasa]]. Iki gihe ni gito ariko gishobora kuzagira ingaruka nko guhinduka kwa kalendari, amasaha n’ibindi. <ref>[http://www.zahabutimes.com/ikoranabuhanga/ibindi-binyuranye/2135-ingaruka-zumutingito-wo-mu-buyapani-ku-isi.html Ingaruka z`umutingito wo mu Buyapani ku Isi]</ref> Ingaruka z`uyu mutingito zirenze kure cyane iz’uheruka muri [[Shili]]. Umutingito wo muri [[Sumatra]] (2004) wari wateye umunsi kugabanuka ho amasegonda 0.000 0068. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1990 iki nicyo cyago kigize ingaruka zikomeye ku isi. Naho Abayapani bo baremeza ko iki ari cyo cyago batazibagirwa nyuma yo kuraswa kw’imijyi ya [[Nagasaki]] na [[Hiroshima]] ( yarashwe n`Abanyamerika muri 1945) == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Imitingito]] [[Category:Ubuyapani]] 645o3eh8aapbcay8i2npyho3tosxpup 0 6435 139054 131063 2026-09-23T01:56:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139054 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sheep lounging in the shade of a tree at Röe Castle.jpg|thumb|intama ]] [[Dosiye:Transhumance moutons chèvres Lille 19 mai 2019 Lamiot d 22.jpg|thumb|ihene]] [[Dosiye:Goats in Ninh Hải, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam, 20240201 1521 4871.jpg|thumb|Ihene]] [[Dosiye:Toro y vacas, ganado vacuno en Guanajuato, MX.jpg|thumb|Inka]] '''Itungo''' (''ubumwe'' : '''Amatungo''' ) == Intama n’ihene == [[Dosiye:Susya-goats-farm--dairy---daroma_28703517684_o_17.jpg|thumb|Amatungo magufi afasha abaturage kwiteza imbere (ihene)]] Ihene n’intama zifatwa nk’inka z’abakene kubera ko zitanga inyama, amata , impu n’imyenda bihagije ku byo umworozi aba acyeneye iwe, binashobotse akaba yasagurira isoko ku bisigaye. Intama n'ihene zirahendutse mu kuzigura kandi kuzibona ziroroshye kurusha inka. *zibyara vuba, kandi n’abana benshi *[[Dosiye:Kugaburira ingurube.jpg|thumb|Ingurube]]zitanga ingano y’inyama, amata, impu, imyenda icungikwa mu kuribwa cyangwa kugurisha. Zifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kubaho zirya ibiryo bibi no mu gihe gito. *zimenyereza byoroshye ku myaka no kuyandi matungo *ubuto bwazo butuma byorohera abagore n’abana kuzicunga. Aya matungo kandi atuma uzigama ukaninjiza mu buryo bworoshye. Aho aborozi batagera ku ma banki, ihene n’intama ni ishoramari ribarinda kugwa mu bukene. == Amoko y’amatungo== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width: 12em;" | Amoko !!Itariki!! Ahantu !! Purpose |- |- |valign="top"| [[Imbwa]]</br>(''Canis lupus familiaris'') |15,000 BC <ref name="dog">en:Origin of the domestic dog</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika y’uburasizuba ]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, shepherding, herding, companionship, pest control, inyama, transportation |- |valign="top"| [[Intama]]</br>(''Ovis orientalis aries'') |between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC<ref>Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press</ref><ref name="storey">Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southwest Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|wool, inyama, amata, leather, vellum |- |valign="top"| [[Ingurube]]</br>(''Sus scrofa domestica'') |9000 BC<ref>Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). </ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, leather, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Ihene]]</br>(''Capra aegagrus hircus'') |8000 BC <ref>Melinda A. Zeder, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204221312/http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Irani]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, inyama |- |valign="top"| [[Inka]]</br>(''Bos primigenius taurus'') captive-bred |8000 BC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt. |url=http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [https://web.archive.org/web/20090626225631/http://palissy.humana.univ-nantes.fr/LABOS/UMR/serveur/recherche/pruvost.html], {{fr icon}}.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Middle East]] na [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |- |valign="top"|[[Zebu]]</br>(''Bos primigenius indicus'') |8000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Ubuhinde | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |valign="top"| [[Injangwe]]</br>(''Felis silvestris catus'') |7500 BC <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220612150738/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oldest-known-pet-cat-9500-year-old-burial-found-on-cyprus]'', domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus | url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html | accessdate = 2007-03-06 | date = 2004-04-08 | publisher = National Geographic News | archive-date = 2022-06-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220612150738/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oldest-known-pet-cat-9500-year-old-burial-found-on-cyprus | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Hazel |last=Muir |title=Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html |publisher=[[New Scientist]] |date=2004-04-08 |accessdate=2007-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Marsha |last=Walton |title=Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 9, 2004 |accessdate=2007-11-23 |archive-date=2007-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222092756/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]] | style="text-align:center;"|pest control, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Inkoko]]</br>(''Gallus gallus domesticus'') |6000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1079/WPS19890012 |author=West B., Zhou B-X. |title=Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication |journal=World’s Poultry Science Journal |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=205–18 |year=1989 |format=PDF |url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2004-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040729044604/http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] and [[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"| inyama, amagi, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Guinea pig]]</br>(''Cavia porcellus'') |5000 BC<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ |title=''History of the Guinea Pig'' (Cavia porcellus) ''in Amerika y’Epfo, a summary of the current state of knowledge'' |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009161651/http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Indogoba]]</br>(''Equus africanus asinus'') |5000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |author=Beja-Pereira, Albano, ''et al.'' |title=African Origins of the Domestic Donkey |journal=Science |volume=304 |issue=1781 |date=18 June 2004 |laysummary=[http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6032 ''New Scientist'']}}</ref><reseoger h, {{PDFlink|''[http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]''|235&nbsp;KB}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Igishuhe]]</br>(''Anas platyrhynchos domesticus'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic buffalo|Water buffalo]]</br>(''Bubalus bubalis'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Uruyuki]]</br>(''Apis spp.'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Multiple places | style="text-align:center;"|honey, pollination, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Ifarashi ]]</br>(''Equus ferus caballus'') |4000 BC<ref>[http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl1b.html The Domestication of the Horse]; see also [[Domestication of the horse]]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Eurasian Steppes]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, transportation, muscle, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Dromedary Camel]]</br>(''Camelus dromedarius'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Arabiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, amata, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Silkworm]]</br>(''Bombyx mori'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|silk, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Reindeer]]</br>(''Rangifer tarandus'') |3000 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestication of Reindeer |url=http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2009-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316042918/http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Uburusiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic pigeon|Rock pigeon]]</br>(''Columba livia'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, messenger, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic goose|Goose]]</br>(''Anser anser domesticus'') |3000 BC <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V6200T/v6200T0n.htm Geese: the underestimated species<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat, feathers, guarding |- |valign="top"|[[Yak]]</br>(''Bos grunniens'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Tibeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, muscle, inyama, wool |- |valign="top"|[[Bactrian camel]]</br>(''Camelus bactrianus'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Central Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Lama]]</br>(''Lama glama'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1">D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200110013505/https://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]''</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Alpaca]]</br>(''Vicugna pacos'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, wool, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Helmeted Guineafowl|Guineafowl]]</br>(''Numida meleagris'') |2400 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinea Fowl |url=http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623052252/http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amagi |- |valign="top"|[[Asian Elephant]]</br>(''Elephas maximus'') |2000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Pakisitani]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, transportation |- |valign="top"|[[Ferret]]</br>(''Mustela putorius furo'') |1500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy mouse]]</br>(''Mus musculus'') |1100 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fallow Deer]]</br>(''Dama dama'') |1000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Muscovy Duck]]</br>(''Cairina moschata'') |700–600 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Amerika y’Epfo]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Cochineal Insect]]</br>(''Oactylopius coccus'') |700–500 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shili]], [[Megizike]] | style="text-align:center;"|red dye |- |valign="top"|[[Indian Peafowl]]</br>(''Pavo cristatus'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, feathers, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Barbary Dove]]</br>(''Streptopelia risoria'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[North Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|show |- |valign="top"|[[Banteng]]</br>(''Bos javanicus'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]], [[Java]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Gayal]]</br>(''Bos gaurus frontalis'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Mandarin Duck]]</br>(''Aix galericulata'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fat |- |valign="top"|[[Dendo]]</br>(''Meleagris gallopavo'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Stingless Bee]]</br>(''Melipona beecheii'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Amazon Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|honey |- |valign="top"|[[Goldfish]]</br>(''Carassius auratus auratus'') |300–400 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Urukwavu]]</br>(''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') |600 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html |title=Interesting Rabbit Domestication History |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061915/http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fur, felt, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Mute Swan]]</br>(''Cygnus olor'') |1000–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"| |- |valign="top"|[[Japanese Quail]]</br>(''Coturnix japonica'') |1100–1900 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuyapani]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Common carp]]</br>(''Cyprinus carpio'') |1200–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]], [[East Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, show (koi) |- |valign="top"|[[Canary]]</br>(''Serinus canaria'') |1600 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Canary Islands]], [[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy rat]]</br>(''Rattus norvegicus'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubwongereza]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Burayian Mink]]</br>(''Mustela lutreola'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur |- |valign="top"|[[Budgerigar]]</br>(''Melopsittacus undulatus'') |1850s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Cockatiel]]</br>(''Nymphicus hollandicus'') |1870s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Zebra Finch]]</br>(''Taeniopygia guttata'') |20th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Hamster]]</br>(''Mesocricetus auratus'') |1930s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Siriya]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship, research |- |valign="top"|[[Domesticated silver fox]]</br>(''Vulpes vulpes'') |1950s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur, research |- |valign="top"|[[Muskox]]</br>(''Ovibos moschatus'') |1960s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |} == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Amatungo]] 7m7dg3cr5st76uaniii2m5hv7w6rlz1 139067 139054 2026-09-23T02:28:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139067 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sheep lounging in the shade of a tree at Röe Castle.jpg|thumb|intama ]] [[Dosiye:Transhumance moutons chèvres Lille 19 mai 2019 Lamiot d 22.jpg|thumb|ihene]] [[Dosiye:Goats in Ninh Hải, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam, 20240201 1521 4871.jpg|thumb|Ihene]] [[Dosiye:Toro y vacas, ganado vacuno en Guanajuato, MX.jpg|thumb|Inka]] '''Itungo''' (''ubumwe'' : '''Amatungo''' ) == Intama n’ihene == [[Dosiye:Susya-goats-farm--dairy---daroma_28703517684_o_17.jpg|thumb|Amatungo magufi afasha abaturage kwiteza imbere (ihene)]] Ihene n’intama zifatwa nk’inka z’abakene kubera ko zitanga inyama, amata, impu n’imyenda bihagije ku byo umworozi aba acyeneye iwe, binashobotse akaba yasagurira isoko ku bisigaye. Intama n'ihene zirahendutse mu kuzigura kandi kuzibona ziroroshye kurusha inka. *zibyara vuba, kandi n’abana benshi *[[Dosiye:Kugaburira ingurube.jpg|thumb|Ingurube]]zitanga ingano y’inyama, amata, impu, imyenda icungikwa mu kuribwa cyangwa kugurisha. Zifite ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kubaho zirya ibiryo bibi no mu gihe gito. *zimenyereza byoroshye ku myaka no kuyandi matungo *ubuto bwazo butuma byorohera abagore n’abana kuzicunga. Aya matungo kandi atuma uzigama ukaninjiza mu buryo bworoshye. Aho aborozi batagera ku ma banki, ihene n’intama ni ishoramari ribarinda kugwa mu bukene. == Amoko y’amatungo== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! style="width: 12em;" | Amoko !!Itariki!! Ahantu !! Purpose |- |- |valign="top"| [[Imbwa]]</br>(''Canis lupus familiaris'') |15,000 BC <ref name="dog">en:Origin of the domestic dog</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika y’uburasizuba ]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, shepherding, herding, companionship, pest control, inyama, transportation |- |valign="top"| [[Intama]]</br>(''Ovis orientalis aries'') |between 11,000 BC and 9000 BC<ref>Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press</ref><ref name="storey">Simmons, Paula; Carol Ekarius (2001). Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep. North Adams, MA: Storey Publishing LLC</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southwest Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|wool, inyama, amata, leather, vellum |- |valign="top"| [[Ingurube]]</br>(''Sus scrofa domestica'') |9000 BC<ref>Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L (April 2000). </ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, leather, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Ihene]]</br>(''Capra aegagrus hircus'') |8000 BC <ref>Melinda A. Zeder, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204221312/http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Irani]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, inyama |- |valign="top"| [[Inka]]</br>(''Bos primigenius taurus'') captive-bred |8000 BC<ref>{{Cite web |title=Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt. |url=http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html |deadurl=yes }}</ref><ref>Source : Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [https://web.archive.org/web/20090626225631/http://palissy.humana.univ-nantes.fr/LABOS/UMR/serveur/recherche/pruvost.html], {{fr icon}}.</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Middle East]] na [[Sub-Saharan Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |- |valign="top"|[[Zebu]]</br>(''Bos primigenius indicus'') |8000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Ubuhinde | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, leather, muscle, vellum, transportation, soil fertilization |- |valign="top"| [[Injangwe]]</br>(''Felis silvestris catus'') |7500 BC <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20220612150738/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oldest-known-pet-cat-9500-year-old-burial-found-on-cyprus]'', domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Oldest Known Pet Cat? 95DOGGIES00-Year-Old Burial Found on Cyprus | url = http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html | accessdate = 2007-03-06 | date = 2004-04-08 | publisher = National Geographic News | archive-date = 2022-06-12 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220612150738/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/oldest-known-pet-cat-9500-year-old-burial-found-on-cyprus | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Hazel |last=Muir |title=Ancient remains could be oldest pet cat |url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn4867.html |publisher=[[New Scientist]] |date=2004-04-08 |accessdate=2007-11-23 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Marsha |last=Walton |title=Ancient burial looks like human and pet cat |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=April 9, 2004 |accessdate=2007-11-23 |archive-date=2007-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071222092756/http://edition.cnn.com/2004/TECH/science/04/08/cats.cyprus/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Near East]] | style="text-align:center;"|pest control, companionship |- |valign="top"| [[Inkoko]]</br>(''Gallus gallus domesticus'') |6000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |doi=10.1079/WPS19890012 |author=West B., Zhou B-X. |title=Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication |journal=World’s Poultry Science Journal |volume=45 |issue=3 |pages=205–18 |year=1989 |format=PDF |url=http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2004-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040729044604/http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] and [[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"| inyama, amagi, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Guinea pig]]</br>(''Cavia porcellus'') |5000 BC<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ |title=''History of the Guinea Pig'' (Cavia porcellus) ''in Amerika y’Epfo, a summary of the current state of knowledge'' |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2011-10-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009161651/http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Indogoba]]</br>(''Equus africanus asinus'') |5000 BC<ref>{{cite journal |author=Beja-Pereira, Albano, ''et al.'' |title=African Origins of the Domestic Donkey |journal=Science |volume=304 |issue=1781 |date=18 June 2004 |laysummary=[http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6032 ''New Scientist'']}}</ref><reseoger h, {{PDFlink|''[http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]''|235&nbsp;KB}}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Igishuhe]]</br>(''Anas platyrhynchos domesticus'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic buffalo|Water buffalo]]</br>(''Bubalus bubalis'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]], [[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Uruyuki]]</br>(''Apis spp.'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|Multiple places | style="text-align:center;"|honey, pollination, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Ifarashi ]]</br>(''Equus ferus caballus'') |4000 BC<ref>[http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl1b.html The Domestication of the Horse]; see also [[Domestication of the horse]]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Eurasian Steppes]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, transportation, muscle, amata |- |valign="top"|[[Dromedary Camel]]</br>(''Camelus dromedarius'') |4000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Arabiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, amata, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Silkworm]]</br>(''Bombyx mori'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|silk, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Reindeer]]</br>(''Rangifer tarandus'') |3000 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Domestication of Reindeer |url=http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2009-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316042918/http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Uburusiya]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic pigeon|Rock pigeon]]</br>(''Columba livia'') |3000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, messenger, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Domestic goose|Goose]]</br>(''Anser anser domesticus'') |3000 BC <ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V6200T/v6200T0n.htm Geese: the underestimated species<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Misiri]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat, feathers, guarding |- |valign="top"|[[Yak]]</br>(''Bos grunniens'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Tibeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, muscle, inyama, wool |- |valign="top"|[[Bactrian camel]]</br>(''Camelus bactrianus'') |2500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Central Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Lama]]</br>(''Lama glama'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1">D.L Johnson and B.K. Swartz, Jr. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20200110013505/https://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bitstream/10057/1824/1/LAJ+2B21_p42-54.pdf Evidence for Pre-Columbian Animal Domestication in the New World]''</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|transportation, muscle, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Alpaca]]</br>(''Vicugna pacos'') |2400 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Peru]] | style="text-align:center;"|amata, transportation, wool, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Helmeted Guineafowl|Guineafowl]]</br>(''Numida meleagris'') |2400 BC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guinea Fowl |url=http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |accessdate=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2010-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100623052252/http://www.thecozynest.com/guinea_fowl.htm |deadurl=yes }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Afurika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amagi |- |valign="top"|[[Asian Elephant]]</br>(''Elephas maximus'') |2000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Pakisitani]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, transportation |- |valign="top"|[[Ferret]]</br>(''Mustela putorius furo'') |1500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|hunting, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy mouse]]</br>(''Mus musculus'') |1100 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fallow Deer]]</br>(''Dama dama'') |1000 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Mediterranean Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, antlers |- |valign="top"|[[Muscovy Duck]]</br>(''Cairina moschata'') |700–600 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Amerika y’Epfo]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama/fat |- |valign="top"|[[Cochineal Insect]]</br>(''Oactylopius coccus'') |700–500 BC <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Shili]], [[Megizike]] | style="text-align:center;"|red dye |- |valign="top"|[[Indian Peafowl]]</br>(''Pavo cristatus'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuhinde]] | style="text-align:center;"|show, feathers, inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Barbary Dove]]</br>(''Streptopelia risoria'') |500 BC | style="text-align:center;"|[[North Africa]] | style="text-align:center;"|show |- |valign="top"|[[Banteng]]</br>(''Bos javanicus'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]], [[Java]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, amata, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Gayal]]</br>(''Bos gaurus frontalis'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Southeast Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, muscle |- |valign="top"|[[Mandarin Duck]]</br>(''Aix galericulata'') |Unknown | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fat |- |valign="top"|[[Dendo]]</br>(''Meleagris gallopavo'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, feathers |- |valign="top"|[[Stingless Bee]]</br>(''Melipona beecheii'') |180 AD <ref name="wichita1"/> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Megizike]], [[Amazon Basin]] | style="text-align:center;"|honey |- |valign="top"|[[Goldfish]]</br>(''Carassius auratus auratus'') |300–400 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubushinwa]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Urukwavu]]</br>(''Oryctolagus cuniculus'') |600 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html |title=Interesting Rabbit Domestication History |access-date=2011-04-03 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061915/http://www.albc-usa.org/news/sept1a_05.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, fur, felt, companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Mute Swan]]</br>(''Cygnus olor'') |1000–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"| |- |valign="top"|[[Japanese Quail]]</br>(''Coturnix japonica'') |1100–1900 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubuyapani]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama |- |valign="top"|[[Common carp]]</br>(''Cyprinus carpio'') |1200–1500 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]], [[East Asia]] | style="text-align:center;"|inyama, show (koi) |- |valign="top"|[[Canary]]</br>(''Serinus canaria'') |1600 | style="text-align:center;"|[[Canary Islands]], [[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Fancy rat]]</br>(''Rattus norvegicus'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ubwongereza]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Burayian Mink]]</br>(''Mustela lutreola'') |19th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Burayi]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur |- |valign="top"|[[Budgerigar]]</br>(''Melopsittacus undulatus'') |1850s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;"|companionship |- |valign="top"|[[Cockatiel]]</br>(''Nymphicus hollandicus'') |1870s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Zebra Finch]]</br>(''Taeniopygia guttata'') |20th century | style="text-align:center;"|[[Ositaraliya]] |- |valign="top"|[[Hamster]]</br>(''Mesocricetus auratus'') |1930s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Siriya]] | style="text-align:center;"|companionship, research |- |valign="top"|[[Domesticated silver fox]]</br>(''Vulpes vulpes'') |1950s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Repubulika Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti]] | style="text-align:center;"|fur, research |- |valign="top"|[[Muskox]]</br>(''Ovibos moschatus'') |1960s | style="text-align:center;"|[[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] | style="text-align:center;"|muscle, inyama, amata |} == Notes == <references/> [[Category:Amatungo]] ka5l7jtsookxl0jio6j5nopnwshkmsc 0 7567 139199 77395 2026-09-23T07:11:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Namur Belgium Bridges-over-the-Meuse-01.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|belgium]] '''Liyeji''' (izina mu kinyaholande : Luik; izina mu gifaransa : Liège; izina mu kiwaluni : Lîdj; izina mu gidage : Lüttich ) n’umujyi w’Ububiligi. pvawpovso1cojgqcpsteo8d0c0op2qg 0 8202 139130 98404 2026-09-23T02:39:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139130 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:INANC_CIFTCI.jpg|thumb|INANC CIFTCI]] '''Inanc Ciftci''' wavukiye mu murwa mukuru wa Turikiya, Ankara kuya 22 Mata 1971, yavutse afite inzozi zo kuzakora ibijyanye nubucuruzi. inzozi ze zaje kuba impamo ubwo Inanc Ciftci yararangije amashuri muri kaminuza yo muri Istanbul. mu mwaka wa 1989 akaba yaratangiye gukora ubucuruzi mu bihugu bigiye bitandukanye ku Isi. Bwana Inanc Ciftci ubwo yiyemeje gushorimari mu bijyanye nuburezi Mu mwaka wa 1997, Inanc Ciftci yashinze sosiyete yitwa Inanc Telecom Communication Service ikora ibijyanye nitumanaho ndetse nikoranabuhanga aho iyi sosiyete yarifite inzobere zisaga 134. Nyuma yaho asuye u Rwanda mu kwezi kwa Kamena, 2011 agashimishwa naho u Rwanda rugeze rwiyubaka ndetse akishimira icyerekezo igihugu gifite, Inanc Ciftci yiyemeje gushorimari mu bijyanye nuburezi ndetse aba umwe mubashoramari bashinze Kaminuza ya Kigali (University of Kigali). Mu mwaka wa 2011, inama yabaminisitiri yarateranye yemeza ko bwana Inanc Ciftci ahagararira inyungu zu Rwanda muri Istanul, Turkey. Mr. Inanc Ciftci (iburyo) ari kumwe numuyobozi wikigo cyIgihugu cyIterambere, Clare Akamanzi Inanc Ciftci yashishikarije abashoramari bo muri Turikiya gushora imari mu Rwanda ndetse abereka ko nta gihombo na kimwe bagira mu gihe bahashoye amafaranga. Ku ikubitiro, abashoramari 15 baturutse muri Turikiya bahise bashora imari mu bijyanye nubukerarugendo, ubuzima, ubwubatsi nibijyanye ningufu zamashanyarazi. U Rwanda narwo rukaba rutarasiganwe namahirwe yo gukorera ubucuruzi muri Turikiya, dore ko abacuruzi babanyarwanda bari kumwe na Minisitiri wububanyi namahanga wu Rwanda, Madame Louise Mushikiwabo berekeje Istanbul mu mpera zumwaka wa 2011 mu kureba amahirwe u Rwanda rufite mu kuba Abanyarwanda bahakorera ubucuruzi ndetse no koherezayo ibikorerwa mu Rwanda. hidbuiw3itbnicizr8y3har9zlutrwl 0 8360 139086 138286 2026-09-23T02:30:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139086 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Felicite niyitegeka.jpg|thumb|362x362px|Niyitegeka Felicite]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Flag of Rwanda|335x335px]] '''Félicité Niyitegeka''' (yavutse mu 1934) Ni Umubikira w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ubarwa mu ntwari z'igihugu, yavukiye i Vumbi, mu cyahoze ari komini ya Runyinya, muri perefegitura ya [[Butare]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/felicite-niyitegeka-was-always-heroine</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abazi-niyitegeka-felicite-bahamya-ko-ubutwari-bwe-ari-ubwa-kera</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == . Ni bucura y'umuryango w'abana 10, Félicité yize mumashuri abanza ya Astrida, hanyuma yiga ayisumbuye mu ishuri rya Save mumashuri acungwa n'ababikira<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/ibaruwa-iteye-agahinda-intwari-felicite-yandikiye-musaza-we-col-nzungize</ref>. Arangije amasomo ye mu myaka ya za 1950, Félicité yahawe inshingano yo kuba umwarimu n'umugenzuzi mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]], mu ishuri rya Muramba<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thebridge.rw/niyitegeka-felicite-intwari-yigihugu-mu-rwego-rwimena/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006062348/https://thebridge.rw/niyitegeka-felicite-intwari-yigihugu-mu-rwego-rwimena/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Icyo gihe yahawe na “Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat”, yitwa “Demoiselles”. Paruwasi ya Nyundo na seminari ya Nyundo yari imaze gushingwa ihabwa umwepiskopi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwanda]], [[Aloys Bigirumwami|Nyiricyubahiro Aloys Bigirumwami.]]<ref>https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/189549</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/ascl-rwanda-collection</ref> Félicité yavukiye mu muryango ufite kwizera Gukomeye muri Kristo, ise Simon Sekabwa yari umukiristu bikomeye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/felicite-niyitegeka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2020-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719063857/https://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/felicite-niyitegeka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201402030649.html</ref> Félicité yabaye umugore wa mbere [[Afurika|w’umunyafurika]] wabaye Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat2<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abazi-niyitegeka-felicite-bahamya-ko-ubutwari-bwe-ari-ubwa-kera</ref>. Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat intego yabo ni ugukorana bya hafi na musenyeri, Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat bitwaga [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] "Abakobwa ba Musenyeri", [[Aloys Bigirumwami|Nyiricyubahiro Bigirumwami]] yohereje Félicité i Lourdes kugira ngo ahugurwe, aho ikigo cy’amahugurwa ku Isi cy’abafasha ba Apostolate giherereye<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220419145518/https://www.cnlg.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/documents/ENGLISH_final.pdf</ref>.<ref>https://www.sapiens.org/culture/rwandan-genocide-rescuers/</ref> == Umwuga == Tugarutse mu [[Rwanda]], Félicité yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat<ref name=":0" />. Umuyobozi wa mbere w’ishuri rikuru “Notre-Dame d'Afrique” rya Nyundo<ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref>, umwepiskopi yamwohereje i Lourdes mu 1963, kugira ngo ajyane nabandi bagenzi be bo muri [[Afurika]] bahugurirwe hamwe<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/01/the-catholic-nun-who-rejected-armed-escorts/</ref>. Yagarutse nyuma y'imyaka itandatu ashingwa kuyobora ubuyobozi bwa Centre Saint Pierre, ikigo cya diyosezi cyari ishinzwe amahugurwa n’umwiherero wa Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat<ref>https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicite-niyitegeka-genocide-rwanda</ref>. Icyubahiro cye cyambutse umupaka kugera i [[Goma]], muri [[Zayire]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|(Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]), aho yakoranye na bagenzi be<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/104911/amagambo-yavuzwe-na-niyitegeka-felicite-uri-mu-ntwari-zigihugu-yakozwemo-indirimbo-video-104911.html</ref>. .Félicité yahoraga yifuza kwitangira umurimo, cyane cyane ku babikeneye cyane. Yabigaragaje muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994<ref>https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicite-niyitegeka-genocide-rwanda</ref><ref>https://bangambiki.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/intwari-zu-rwanda-felicite-niyitegeka/</ref>. Mu gukora urutonde rw'intwari z'igihugu, abayobozi basanze ubutwari bwe mubuzima bwe bwose bumwemerera kuba kurutonde maze yegurwa kuba intwari y'igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. Ibi byatewe n'icyemezo cy'inama y'abaminisitiri yabaye ku ya 12 Nzeri 2011<ref>https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref><ref>https://www.dwci.edu/download_file/view/1128/357</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} <br /> [[Ikiciro:Intwari]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] rbhq9opj99g4y8babe28cttfkjo047a 0 8380 139095 133873 2026-09-23T02:31:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139095 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:An aerial of Kigali Convention Center on June 19, 2019. Photo by Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|U [[Rwanda|R]]<nowiki/>wanda rwa Gasabo]] Gasabo ni kamwe mu turere dutatu tugize umujyi wa [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]] kakaba gaherereye mu Majyaruguru ashyira Iburasirazuba bwaw. Ibiro byako biherereye mu murenge wa Remera, mu Kagari ka Nyarutarama. Aka karere kandi gahana imbibi n'uturere tune turimo: [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]: mu Burengerazuba, mu Majyepfo: [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]], Mu majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], mu Majyaruguru: [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]].<ref name=":0">[https://gasabonew.prod.risa.rw/akarere/menya-akarere Menya Akarere]</ref> Akarere ka Gasabo karimo uduce twinshi tw'umujyi ubwawo, twavuga nka Kacyiru, [[Remera, Kigali|Remera]], Nyarutarama na [[Kimihurura]] n'ahandi henshi. Muraka karere niho hubatswe urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] rwa Gisozi, ahashyinguwe inzirakarengane zigera (300 000) zazize jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari kandi bimwe mu bimenyetso bigize amateka ya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu. Ndetse muri aka karere ni naho habarizwa ibiro by'umukuru w'igihugu ndetse na za minisiteri zitandukanye. Ibarura ry'abaturage n'imiturire ryakozwe n'ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ibarurishamibare (NISR) muri 2022, igaragaza ko Akarere ka Gasabo gafite ubuso bungana 430.30 Km2, gatuwe n'abaturage 879, 505 barimo abagabo 443 987 n'abagore 435, 518.<ref>[https://igicumbi.com/gasabo-ibintu-45-bitandukanye-ukwiriye-kumenya-mu-akarere-ka-gasabo/ Gasabo, ibintu 45 bitandukanye ukwiriye kumenya mu Akarere ka Gasabo - Igicumbi]</ref> Aka karere gafite ubucucike bwa 2.056/km2, kagizwe n'imirenge cumi n'itanu (15)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |accessdate=2020-07-15 |archive-date=2020-07-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200715201035/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=83 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> , Utugali73, n'Imidugudu 479.<ref name=":0" /> == Amwe mu mateka == Mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994, Akarere ka Gasabo kitwaga komini Gikomero. Yagabanyijwemo imirenge 10: Bumbogo, Gasabo, Gicaca, Gikomero, Gishaka, Kayanga, Nduba, Rutunga, Sha na Shango Ariko uyu munsi, akarere ka Gasabo kagabanijwemo imirenge 15 (imirenge): Bumbogo, Gatsata, Jali, Gikomero, Gisozi, Jabana, Kinyinya, Ndera, Nduba, Rusororo, Rutunga, Kacyiru, Kimihurura, Kimironko na Remera. === Imiterere === [[Dosiye:Gasabo_morning_sunrise.jpg|thumb|Gasabo morning sunrise]] Aka karere karangwa no kuvanga imisozi miremire ifite uburebure bwa metero 1.800, cyane cyane iherereye mu cyaro, ibibaya bigororotse n’ibibaya. Ifite ibishanga birenga 30 n' inzuzi nto zinyura mu mibande. [[Umugezi]] munini udasanzwe ufite uburebure bwa 50Km na 1.000M z'ubugari ni wo ukomoka mu kiyaga cya Muhazi ukanyura mu mibande y'ibishanga na boggy mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo hanyuma ugahuza n'umugezi wa Nyabarongo. Na none, ikiyaga cya [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|Muhanzi]] mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba gihana imbibi n'akarere ka Gasabo. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, andi masoko y'amazi afite akamaro ni: Umugezi wa Rusumo muri Rugende urangirira mu ruzi rwa Akagera, uruzi rwa Buliza unyura mu bigo bya Karuruma, Umulindi na Rusine mbere yo kwisuka mu ruzi rwa Nyabugogo. Ibi bishanga cyangwa ibishanga bitanga amahirwe mukarere niba bigaruwe neza bishobora kuzamura cyangwa kongera umusaruro w' ubuhinzi, guteza imbere ubukerarugendo, guteza imbere ibidukikije. Ifite ibihe bibiri byingenzi byikirere mu mwaka, aribyo ibihe byizuba nimvura. Ibihe bibiri by'ikirere bigenda bisimburana mu mwaka, bityo akarere kagira ibihe bibiri byumye n'ibihe by'imvura nkuko byasobanuwe hano habanza. '''Imbibi z' akarere ka Gasabo''' Mu buso 29.2 km2 bw'Akarere ka Gasabo igice kinini cyabwo ni icyaro (84%) mu gihe igice gito kigereranya umujyi wateye imbere (16%). === Ibikorwa remezo biherereye mu Karere ka Gasabo === Akarere ka Gasabo kagiye kuzamura no kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo by’akarere bijyanye n' igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali nk’amashuri, imihanda, ibitaro, amazu, amatorero, uturere tw’ubukerarugendo, urwibutso, amasoko, [[Stade Amahoro]], etc... 1.[[Umurenge wa Bumbogo|Bumbogo]] 2.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717043322/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=158 Gatsata] 3.[https://web.archive.org/web/20200717044759/https://gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=159 Gikomero] 4.Gisozi 5.Jabana 6.Jali 7.Kimihurura [[File:Cargo_Bike_rider_in_kigali.jpg|thumb|kacyiru umwe mu mirenge ibarizwa muri Gasabo]] 8.[[Umurenge wa Kacyiru|Kacyiru]] [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|9.Kimironko]] 10.Kinyinya 11.Remera 12.Rutunga 13.Nduba 14.Ndera 15.Rusoro = Ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo = == Amakuru y'ibanze == '''Akarere ka Gasabo''' ni kimwe mu turere 3 tugize '''Umujyi wa Kigali''', mu Rwanda. Ni akarere kagari kandi gifite abaturage benshi muri ako gahugu, gahuza imiturire y'umujyi, amateka, n'ibyiza bitandukanye. Gasabo ari ho haboneka ibigo by'ingenzi by'ubucuruzi, umuco, no [[ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]]. == Ahantu h'ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Gasabo == === 1. Urwibutso rwa Jenoside (Gisozi) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Gisozi'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa kigali''' ni ahantu h'abanyarwanda benshi basura kugirango bibuke abazize yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Hari amashusho yerekana amateka y'u Rwanda, jenoside, n'ingamba zo guhuza abanyarwanda. === 2. Umusozi wa Kigali === 📍 ''Ahantu: Ndera'' '''Umusozi wa Kigali''' ni ahantu h'abantu basura kenshi bafite umwete wo gusiganwa. Abashaka gushaka ibishimishije bashobora gusiganwa, gutwara [[igare]], cyangwa gukina zip-line ku '''Kigali Heights'''. === 3. Inzu y'ubugeni ya Niyo === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kacyiru'' Iyi zu y'ubugeni ishimangira abanyamakuru b'u Rwanda n'Abanyafurika, ifite amashusho, amahugurwa, n'amakinamico y'umuco. === 4. Inzu y'amateka y'Inteko ishinga amategeko (Kanombe) === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kanombe'' Iyi zu yari inyubako y'Inteko ishinga amategeko [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ubu ni musigo w'amateka werekana ibintu by'ingenzi byateye inkuru mu mateka y'u Rwanda n'ibyabaye mbere ya jenoside yo mu 1994. === 5. Pariki y'ibidukikije ya Nyandungu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kinyinya'' Ni pariki yahinduwe ikaba ifite inzira zo kugendera, ibyaro by'amagare, n'ahantu ho kureba inyoni, ishimangira kubungabunga ibidukikije. === 6. Inzu y'ibiganiro ya Kigali na Radisson Blu === 📍 ''Ahantu: Kimihurura'' Iyi zu ni ikimenyetso cy'ubwubatsi bw'indege, ifite ibigo by'ibiganiro mpuzamahanga, amahoteli y'indege, n'ahantu ho kureba Kigali ku kirere. == Amahoteli n'ubwizigame == Gasabo ifite amahoteli y'indege ('''Radisson Blu, Marriott, Serena'''), amazu y'ubukerarugendo, n'amahoteli y'abakene. Akarere niho haboneka n'ibyari bya kawa, amahoteli, n'ibyokurya bitandukanye mu turere twa '''Kimihurura''' na '''Remera'''. == Uburyo bwo kugenda == * '''Akarere ka Kanombe''' gifite '''ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali (KGL)'''. * Imodoka z'abagenda mu mujyi zirimo '''moto-taxi''' na '''bisi z'umujyi'''. * Gasabo ihuza neza n'andi turere yo mu Rwanda bikoresheje imihanda mikuru * * * Gasabo, kamwe mu turere tw'ingenzi mu mujyi wa Kigali, umujyi mukuru w'u Rwanda, ni ahantu hatera imbere cyane mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, kubera ubuhanga bwayo bwo guhon'ubwiza bw'ibidukikije, amateka akomeye, n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga. Abashyitsi basura Gasabo bashobora kuryoherwa n'ubwiza bw'akarere, ahantu h'ingenzi mu mateka, ndetse n'uburyo umuco w'u Rwanda uhora ugaragazwa mu buzima bwa buri munsi. * '''<u>''<big>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal</big>''i</u>''' Ikintu cy'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo ni '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali''' ruherereye mu gace ka Gisozi. uru ni urwibutso rwa amateka mabi ya Jenoside yo mu 1994, aho abantu barenga 1,000,000 bishwe mu gihe cy'iminsi ijana gusa. Ni ahantu ho kwibuka, gusobanukirwa no kwiga amateka y'iki gice cy'ubuzima bw'u Rwanda. Urwibutso rusobanura amateka y’ubuzima bw'abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside, rugaragaza ubuzima bw'abacitse ku icumu ndetse n'ababashije kwiyubaka nyuma y’ibyabaye. Ni ahantu hashimangira imbaraga z'ubumwe no kwiyubaka u Rwanda rwabashije kugeraho nyuma ya Jenoside. * '''<big><u>Ubwiza Nyaburanga n’Imisozi Isukuye</u></big>''' Gasabo izwi cyane ku bwiza bw’ibidukikije. Mu Rwanda, ruzwi nk'[[igihugu]] cy'imisozi ibihumbi, ubuzima bwiza bw'ubutaka bugaragara mu misozi, imirambi, n'ibiyaga byiza bya Gasabo. Abashyitsi bashobora kugenda mu masangano yo ku misozi bakishimira ibyiza by'ibiyaga n'ubushyuhe bw'ikirere, aho bashobora kubona ibyiza byo mu gihugu bitandukanye. Ibi bituma Gasabo iba ahantu heza ho kujya kureba ibyiza nyaburanga mu gihe umuntu ashaka kuruhuka no kwishimira ishusho nziza y’igihugu. * '''<big><u>Imyidagaduro n’Umuco</u></big>''' Abashyitsi bashaka kwinjira mu muco w'u Rwanda bashobora kugirira ibihe byiza muri Gasabo, aho usanga imiryango y'ababyinnyi gakondo, igaragariza abanyamahanga imbyino n'imyidagaduro y'abanyarwanda. Iyo myidagaduro ikorwa n’abahanga mu buhanzi, bigaragaza umuco n’imihango gakondo y’u Rwanda. Gasabo kandi ifite amasoko menshi arimo ibikoresho by'ubugeni byakozwe n’abahanzi bo mu karere, imikandara, n'ibikoresho by'ubugeni bikunze kuba impano nziza ku bashyitsi. Abashyitsi bashobora kandi gusura resitora zitandukanye, aho bashobora gusangira ibiryo by’umwimerere birimo '''Isombe''' n’'''Ibihaza''', ibyo bivanze n’ibinyomoro byaho. * '''<big><u>Ibikoresho by’Ikoranabuhanga n’Ubucuruzi</u></big>''' Muri Gasabo kandi, usanga amahoteli meza, amahoteri, n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bya kijyambere bitanga serivisi nziza kandi zigezweho. Gasabo ifite ibikorwa byinshi by'ubucuruzi n'amaduka byorohereza abashyitsi kubona ibikenewe byose, yaba ku baherereye mu byiciro by'ubukungu butandukanye. Ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi n’amahoteli bishobora gutanga amahirwe yo kuryoherwa no gusurirwa mu buryo bworoshye. * '''<big><u>Ubukungu bw’Ubukerarugendo</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bufite uruhare runini mu bukungu bw’igihugu. Iki gice cyubaka ubukungu butanga akazi ku baturage bo mu karere, ndetse n’ishingiro ry’ubukungu bushya, birimo ibikorwa bya serivisi z’ubukerarugendo, gutanga ibisubizo ku buryo bwiza bw’imyidagaduro no kugaragaza umuco. Gahunda yo guteza imbere ubukerarugendo burambye mu Rwanda irimo kubungabunga ibidukikije n’ubuzima bwa [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]] mu buryo bworoshye. '''<big><u>Ubukerarugendo Burambye</u></big>''' Ubukerarugendo burambye ni icyerekezo gikomeye muri Gasabo, ahantu hifashishwa ibikorwa byinshi byiza kandi byita ku kubungabunga ibidukikije no ku musaruro w’amateka y’u Rwanda. U Rwanda rwagiye rwemerwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera gahunda rufite zo kurinda ibidukikije no kubungabunga ibinyabuzima bidasanzwe, cyane cyane [[ingagi zo mu birunga]]. Nubwo Gasabo itarimo ingagi, igice cy’amajyambere giha abashyitsi amahirwe yo kugera ku bikorwa nk'ibyo no gufasha kubungabunga umutekano w’ibidukikije. * '''<big><u>Umwanzuro</u></big>''' Gasabo si ikicaro cy’ubukungu n’imiyoborere ya Kigali gusa, ahubwo ni n’ahantu hateguwe neza mu bijyanye n'ubukerarugendo, hatanga imiryango myiza y'ubukerarugendo bw'amateka, imyidagaduro, ndetse n'ibyo ushobora kwishimira. Ubukerarugendo muri Gasabo bugaragaza uburyo igihugu cyiyubatse nyuma y’amateka mabi, kikaba ikitegererezo cyiza ku bindi bihugu. Abashyitsi baturutse impande zose z'isi bazagerageza kumenya byinshi byerekeye amateka, umuco, ndetse n’ubwiza nyaburanga bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu guhura n’ibyo Gasabo ifite byose. ==Imiyoboro== {{Reflist}} [[Category:Akarere ka Gasabo| ]] 30vuqaj10qsf41hmhswc2l07jzggzo5 0 8417 139096 135896 2026-09-23T02:31:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139096 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:NyabihuDist.png|thumb|346x346px|ikarita y'akarere ka Nyabihu]] [[Dosiye:Special Tea.jpg|thumb|I Nyabihu]] [[Dosiye:Ibere rya bigogwe as Rwanda natural and historical heritage site by turahayo.jpg|thumb|Ibere rya bigogwe riherereye mukarere ka Nyabihu]] [[Dosiye:Nyabihu image.jpg|thumb|Nyabihu]] '''Nyabihu''' ni akarere kamwe mu turere tugize u Rwanda gaherereye mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|ntara y'Iburengerazuba]],kakaba gakora ku [[igihugu]] cya Congo ndetse kazwiho umukamo mwinshi w'amata kubera inka ziba muri aka karere. [[Umurwa|Umurwa mukuru]] wako ni Mukamira. Akarere ka Nyabihu kagabanijwemo [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] cumi na kabiri (12) ( ''imirenge'' ) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> : Bigogwe, Jenda, Jomba, Kabatwa, Karago, Kintobo, Mukamira, Muringa, Rambura, Rugera, Rurembo na Shyira. Iyi mirenge ubwayo yatandukanijwe mu tugari 73 n'imidugudu(imidugudu) 474<ref>https://www.nyabihu.gov.rw/</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|320x320px|Rwanda]] * '''Ubuso''' :  531.5 Km2 * '''Umubare w'abaturage''' : 314195 (hashingiwe ku ibarura rusange rya 2012) * '''Ubucucike bw'abaturage''' :556 /Km2<ref>http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/eicv-3-nyabihu-district-profile</ref> '''Ibyo abantu bazi cyane ku karere''' : Ahantu nyaburanga, [[Umusozi|imisozi]], [[Ibiyaga Bigari|ibiyaga,]] amashuri menshi, [[Ibiranga amateka,…|ibiranga amateka,.]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://lwh-rssp.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=76 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-08-04 |archive-date=2021-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210801175506/http://lwh-rssp.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?id=76 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubumenyi bw'isi == Akarere gahana imbibi mu majyepfo n'[[Akarere ka Ngororero]], mu burengerazuba n'akarere ka [[Rubavu]], mu burasirazuba n' [[Akarere ka Gakenke]] no mu majyaruguru n' [[Akarere ka Musanze]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Nubwo imvura nyinshi igwa, ako gace rwose kibasiwe no kubura amasoko y'amazi bitewe n'umuyoboro mubi wa idorogarafiya. Umuva w'amazi aturuka myiyindi [[Umugezi|migezi]]. Ahantu hahanamye cyane hejuru harasobanura ko ari itorenti. Impande [[Ikirunga|z'ibirunga]] zihanamye zifite impuzandengo irenga 60 %, hejuru ya metero 2 200. Iyo imvura iguye, amazi yirukanwa kumpande kumuvuduko mwinshi werekeza kuri pidmont, akurura ibintu byose muburyo bwayo: [[inyamaswa]], abagabo, ibibari bya lava, nibindi. Amazi ava mumigezi myinshi yiruka ahamanuka atera ibyangiritse byinshi (umwuzure, umucanga no gufata banki). Imibiri y'amazi ngo ni menshi kandi amazi ni menshi, ariko iyo mibiri igera kuri ubujyakuzimu bwa metero 100. Turakeka ko biherereye mubihe bishaje byo munsi yo munsi bitwikiriwe n'amazi y'ibirunga. == Imihanda == [[File:Bananas_on_bike.jpg|thumb|167x167px| Igitoki ku igare mu Rwanda-Umuhanda]] Mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] imihanda iratandukanye, hari imibi, hari n'imyiza. Imihanda igera kuri 66.0% iracyari mibi cyane, 25.3% ni mibi na 8.2% ni bagendwa. 0.5% gusa byimihanda imeze neza. Imyinshi muriyi mihanda igomba kuvugururwa mugihe izindi zisaba kubungabungwa. Gahunda y’iterambere ry’akarere ka 2013 yerekana ko [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] gafite kilometro 290 z’imihanda muri yo 88% ni imihanda y'igitaka naho 12% ni kaburimbo. Akarere gafite imihanda itatu ya kaburimbo ariyo [[Kigali]] - [[Rubavu]], Mukamira - [[Muhanga (Akarere)|Muhanga]] - [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]] - [[Burundi]] cyangwa [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]]- [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]], Mukamira - Ngororero - [[Muhanga (Akarere)|Muhanga]] - [[Karongi (Akarere)|Karongi]]. Ifite kandi umuhanda ugaburira ibiryo uhora umeze nabi kubera [[Umusozi|imisozi miremire]] n'imvura nyinshi. Nyamara, mu mirenge imwe n'imwe, abantu bagenda iminota irenga 30 kugirango bagere kumuhanda wegereye. Imihanda itari myiza no kubura imihanda ihuza ahakorerwa isoko hamwe nicyegeranyo ni ikibazo gihangayikishije. Mugihe cyimvura, imwe muriyi mihanda iba idashoboka, mugihe mugihe cyizuba, hari umukungugu mwinshi ugira ingaruka ku bwiza bw'amata. Byongeye kandi, ibiciro bihabwa abahinzi n'aborozi n'abacuruzi bo hagati ntabwo ari bike bityo bikagabanya amafaranga yabo. == Demogarafiya == [[Dosiye:Urutare rutangaje ibere rya bigogwe.jpg|thumb|Imisozi yo mukarere ka nyabihu]] Mu mwaka wa 2012, Ibarura rusange ry’abaturage n’imiturire, ryagaragaje ko abaturage b’[[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] babarirwa ku baturage 295.580 bafite ubwiyongere bw’abaturage 1%, akaba ari yo hasi cyane mu gihugu. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] gafite ubucucike buri hejuru bugera ku baturage 558 kuri kilometero kare ukurikije isoko imwe. Ku bijyanye n'uburumbuke bwose, [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] gafite impuzandengo ya 4.9 iri hejuru ugereranije n'ikigereranyo cy'igihugu ari 4.6. Impuzandengo yimyaka mu gukora ubukwe bwa mbere ni imyaka 21.5 ku bakobwa bafite imyaka 23 kubahungu. 62.5% by'ingo zifite [[Umwana|abana]] munsi yimyaka 7 naho ingo 53.2% ziyobowe nabagore. Iki kibazo kirimo ishoramari rikomeye murwego rwuburezi na gahunda zihariye zo gutera inkunga abagore. == Ubuhinzi == [[Dosiye:Special Tea.jpg|thumb|Igihembo cyahawe uruganda rw'icyayi rwo muri Nyabihu kubera umusaruro mwiza.]] Muri kano karere, ubukungu bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, aho usanga ingo nyinshi ari aborozi bato. Abagera kuri 74%, ni ukuvuga abantu 105.672 mu baturage 143 000 b’akarere, bakura amafaranga yabo mu gukoresha ubutaka. Ariko, harabura ubutaka kuko; ukurikije EICV3, 50% by'abaturage bafite ubuso buri munsi ya 0.3ha. Uku kubura ubutaka gusunika abahinzi gukora impuzandengo yamasaha 5 kumunsi aho gukora byibuze amasaha 8. Ibi birerekana ko hari ubushomeri mubantu bakora mubukungu cyane cyane mu rubyiruko. Ibiribwa bikomoka ku buhinzi, ibihingwa nganda n’imitako bihingwa cyane. Ku biryo, hari ibirayi bya [[Irilande]], [[Ikigori|ibigori]], ibishyimbo, ingano [[Umuneke|n'ibitoki]] [[Imboga|n'imboga]]. Ibirayi, [[Ikigori|ibigori]] n'ibishyimbo byo muri Irilande bihingwa na 76,6% by'ingo ugereranije ni ingo 51.000. Ibirayi byo muri Irilande bihingwa cyane hamwe na 83.7% bikurikirwa [[Ikigori|n'ibigori]] (74.3%) n'ibishyimbo (71.9%). Umusaruro w'ibigori uhagarariye 47.3% by'umusaruro w'ubuhinzi mu karere urwanya ingano 8.9%. [[File:PivotWithDrops.JPG|thumb|175x175px| Kuhira]] Mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe, hakenewe kuhira[[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|.Ubukungu]] bw'akarere ntibagakwiye kwishingikiriza ku buhinzi gusa, ariko kandi ku zindi serivisi. Mu myaka yashize, Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yashyize mu bikorwa gahunda nyinshi zo kongera umusaruro w'urwego rw'ubuhinzi. Impamvu iri inyuma yibi bikorwa igaragarira mu cyerekezo cya Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi : Ibikorwa by’iterambere ry’ubukungu by’ibanze (LED) bishingiye ku guteza imbere ubuhinzi: [[File:Potato_plants.jpg|thumb|171x171px| Ibirayi]] - Ibirayi byo muri Irilande bituruka muri Kabatwa, Jenda, Mukamira, Bigogwe, Rambura (selile 3), Karago (selile 4), Mulinga (selile 2), na Kintobo (selile 3) [[File:Corn_blooming.jpg|thumb|167x167px| Ibigori]] - [[Ikigori|Ibigori]] muri Rugera, Shyira, Mulinga, Jomba, Rurembo, Bigogwe, Mukamira, Karago, Kintobo, Rambura na Jenda - [[Imboga]]: karoti muri Jenda, Mukamira, Bigogwe na Karago: amasu muri Jenda, Mukamira, Bigogwe na Rugera - [[Urubuto|Imbuto]]: ibinyomoro i Rambura, Mulinga, Bigigwe, Kabatwa, Karago, Jenda na Kintobo - [[Ikawa]]: RugeraShyira, Jomba na Rurembo - Pacuuli: muri Rugera na Shyira - [[Umuneke|Imineke]]:muri Rugera na Shyira - [[Icyayi]]: muri Mukamira, Karago, Mulinga, Rambura, Jomba na Jenda. - [[Ingano]]: Jmoba, Mulinga, Rurembo, Kintobo naKarago. - Piteramu: Kabatwa, Jenda, Bigogwe na Mukamira. Akarere gafite imbaraga nyinshi mu buhinzi, cyane cyane mu guhinga ibirayi, ibigori n'ingano kimwe [[Imboga|n'imboga]] z'ubwoko bwose. Nyamara, nta gihingwa gitunganya ibyo bihingwa. Akarere karashaka kubona ishami ritunganya [[ibirayi]] kimwe n’ibigo bikusanya [[Ubuki]] n’amata. Silosi yo guhunika ibihingwa nayo irakenewe mukurinda ibiribwa no guhagarara neza. Imbonerahamwe iri hasi ya hano ni iy'ibihingwa bimwe nkibigori, ibirayi bya Irilande, ibishyimbo bisanzwe, igitoki, kuzamuka ibishyimbo bigaragara ko bifite akamaro kanini mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] ku bijyanye n’umugabane w’ibihingwa byahinzwe mu gihembwe cya 2013.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/Nyabihu</ref> == Iterambere == Amashanyarazi aboneka kandi yizewe mumirenge ya Shyira yatejwe imbere nogushiraho urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa Rubagabaga 445kW. Uyu mushinga wegukanye ibihembo nyafurika by’ingufu, Ingufu n’amazi muri 2019 ku mushinga wa mbere w’ingufu ntoya urambye (munsi ya 5MW).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/we-need-to-focus-on-getting-affordable-modern-electricity-to-everybody-in-africa/#gref |title=“We need to focus on getting affordable, modern electricity to everybody in Africa” |website=hydroreview.com |date=2019-07-11 |language=en |access-date=2022-05-22 |archive-date=2021-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227054043/https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/we-need-to-focus-on-getting-affordable-modern-electricity-to-everybody-in-africa/#gref |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180517152931/http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/events/Inzego.doc Inzego.doc] - Intara, Uturere ''nUmurenge amakuru ya MINALOC'', minisiteri yu Rwanda yubutegetsi bwibanze. [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] <references /> [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] == Imiyoboro == [[File:Ibere_rya_bigogwe_as_Rwanda_natural_and_historical_heritage_site_by_turahayo.jpg|thumb|Ibere rya bigogwe ]]<references /> [[Category:Intara y'uburengerazuba]] [[Category:Uturere tw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Nyabihu]] [[Category:Akarere ka Nyabihu| ]] dk3ihqw1l7lakj16o2g2sizhsqed5u4 0 8429 139131 78463 2026-09-23T02:39:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139131 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|rwanda]] '''Akagali ka Nyabisindu''' kari mu tugali tugize umurenge wa Remera, Akarere ka Gasabo. Kagizwe n'imidugudu 7: Kagara, Gihogere, Nyabisindu, Kinunga, Amarembo I, Amarembo II, Rugarama. [[File:Communes of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Communes of Rwanda]] Reference https://web.archive.org/web/20200814133304/https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/index.php?id=169 oy4tbgifv6w81zvm33ohxmc1vviy197 0 8454 139132 137198 2026-09-23T02:39:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139132 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ange Kagame 2014.jpg|thumb|429x429px|Ifoto ya Angel Kagame yafashwe mu 2014]] '''Angel Kagame''' ni [[umwana]] wa kabiri akaba n'umukobwa w'ikinege wa [[Paul Kagame]], perezida w'u [[Rwanda]]. Yagize uruhare mu mpamvu zirimo kongerera ubushobozi abagore, uburezi, no guca ubukene, ndetse n'ubukangurambaga bukingira imbaga. Yashakanye na Bertrand Ndengeyingoma<ref>Dec 29, 2018 Ange Kagame Engaged |url|=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411230713/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/kagames-daughter-africas-hottest-spinster-off-the-market-photos</ref> bakaba barabyaranye abana babiri b'abakobwa, <ref><nowiki>https://web.archive.org/web/20220216135033/https://igicumbinews.co.rw/ange-kagame-umwana-wa-perezida-paul-kagame-yibarutse/</nowiki></ref> Angel Kagame akaba afite inshingano zo kuba umuyobozi wungirije w’Akanama gashinzwe Ingamba na Politiki za Leta mu Biro Bikuru bya Perezida w'Igihugu.<ref>https://radiotv10.rw/ange-kagame-yahawe-umwanya-mu-rwego-rukomeye-mu-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/08/cabinet-resolutions-govt-moves-to-regulate-nightlife-ange-kagame-among-new-appointees/</ref> == Ubuzima bwa mbere n'uburere == Angel Kagame yavutse ku ya 8 Nzeri 1993 i [[Buruseli]] mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]. Se ni Paul Kagame, [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida wa]] gatandatu [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda]] kandi akaba n'umuyobozi w'ishyaka ryinshi [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|ry’u Rwanda rishinzwe gukunda igihugu]]. Nyina Jeannette Nyiramongi ni umudamu wa mbere wa Repubulika y'u [[Rwanda]]. Nk'umukobwa w'imfura wa perezida wa Repubulika y'U Rwanda Paul Kagame afite imbaraga zisanzwe n'imbaraga zidasanzwe kandi zikomeye. Angel Kagame yarangije amashuri ye mu mahanga kandi ntiyigeze aboneka mu ruhame mu bwana bwe bwose kubera umutekano n’ibanga. Yize mu ishuri rya Dana Hall, ishuri ryigenga riherereye i Wellesley, muri Massachusetts muri Amerika. Yize muri Smith College aho yize ibijyanye na siyanse ya politiki hamwe nibindi bijyanye no kwiga ibijyanye na Afurika. Afite kandi Masters mu bibazo mpuzamahanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya Columbia. Angel Kagame ashobora kuvuga indimi eshatu, [[Icyongereza]], [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], n'[[Igifaransa]]. == Ibindi bikorwa == [[File:President_Barack_Obama_and_First_Lady_Michelle_Obama_greet_His_Excellency_Paul_Kagame,_President_of_the_Republic_of_Rwanda,_and_his_daughter.jpg|thumb|Angel Kagame (uwa kabiri uhereye iburyo) hamwe na Perezida [[Barack Obama]] (ibumoso), Nyakubahwa [[Paul Kagame]], Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda (uwa kabiri uhereye ibumoso), na Madamu wa Perezida Michelle Obama (iburyo).|374x374px]] Muri 2014, Angel Kagame yaherekeje se muri [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]] gusangira na [[Barack Obama|Perezida Barack Obama]]. Iri funguro ryari mu nama y’iminsi itatu y’abayobozi b’Amerika - Afurika y’abayobozi bateranye muri Kanama uwo mwaka, aho abayobozi b’ibihugu byinshi bya Afurika bahuriye kugira ngo baganire ku bucuruzi, ishoramari n’umutekano by’umugabane. <ref>Dec 30, 2015 Ange Kagame speaks of forgiveness |url|=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LIjZDt-tUU</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Angel Kagame ni umwana wa kabiri mukuru ufite abandi bavandimwe batatu, Ivan Cyomoro, Ian Kagame, na Brian Kagame. Ni umufana wa [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]] [[Umupira w’amaguru|numupira wamaguru]], akurikira Boston Celtics na Arsenal. Ku ya 6 Nyakanga 2019, mu kigo cyitwa Intare Conference Center i [[Kigali]], Angel yashakanye na Bertrand Ndengeyingoma. Umukobwa wa perezida wa repubulika y'u Rwanda, Angel Kagame Mu 2019 yasoje amasomo y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza mu ishuri rya kaminuza yitwa Colombia ryigisha iby'imibanire n'amahanga n'imiyoborere ,( school of International and Public Affairs,SIPA).[https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-muri-perezidansi][https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/132681/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-mu-biro-byumukuru-wigihugu-132681.html] == Akazi akora == Ange Kagame yagizwe umuyobozi wungirije mu kanama gashinzwe igenamigambi n'ingamba mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika y'u Rwanda, Village Urugwiro kuko biri mu itangazo ry'ibyemezo by'inama y'abaminisitiri yateranye ku mugoroba wo ku wa kabiri italiki 1 Kanama 2023.<ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c0xv5v7d132o</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/cg-dan-munyuza-yagizwe-ambasaderi-ange-kagame-ahabwa-inshingano-mu-biro-bya-perezida</ref> Kuva mu 2019 yakoraga muri ako kanama ko mu biro bya [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|Perezida]] nk'umusesenguzi mukuru w'ingamba (senior policy analyst).<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro == {{Reflist}}= https://web.archive.org/web/20190411230713/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/kagames-daughter-africas-hottest-spinster-off-the-market-photos https://web.archive.org/web/20220216135033/https://igicumbinews.co.rw/ange-kagame-umwana-wa-perezida-paul-kagame-yibarutse/ 3.https://radiotv10.rw/ange-kagame-yahawe-umwanya-mu-rwego-rukomeye-mu-rwanda/ 4.https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/08/cabinet-resolutions-govt-moves-to-regulate-nightlife-ange-kagame-among-new-appointees/ 5.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LIjZDt-tUU 6.https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c0xv5v7d132o 7.https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/cg-dan-munyuza-yagizwe-ambasaderi-ange-kagame-ahabwa-inshingano-mu-biro-bya-perezida 8.https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-muri-perezidansi 9.https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/132681/ange-kagame-yahawe-inshingano-mu-biro-byumukuru-wigihugu-132681.html [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umwana w'umukuru w'igihugu]] inuud3mam5yc9hxwbs7z0wphyxck7g9 0 8474 139348 119470 2026-09-23T07:50:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139348 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Emmanuella.jpg|thumb|Emmanuella Umunyarwenya umaze kumenyekana ku isi hose.]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Nigeria.svg|thumb|Nigeria]] {{Infobox YouTube personality|name= Emmanuella Samuel|nationality=[[Nigerians|Nigerian]]|catchphrase(s)=|associated_acts=[[Mark Angel (producer)|Mark Angel]]|genre=Comedy|years_active=2015-present|channel_name= MarkAngelComedy|pseudonym= Emmanuella|occupation=Comedian|education= Brighton Gate Academy School, [[Port Harcourt]]|birth_place=[[Port Harcourt]], [[Rivers State]], Nigeria|logo= Emmanuella.jpg|birth_date={{birth date and age|df=yes|2010|07|22}}|birth_name=Emmanuella Samuel|caption=|alt=|image_size=|image=|logo_caption= Emmanuella in 2017|logo_alt=|logo_size=|silver_button=}}'''Emmanuella Samweli''' (yavutse Nyakanga 22, 2010), umuntu utari uzwi ubu akaba azwi nkan'''Emmanuella,''' YouTube umwana Umucyinyi Wibisekeje (urwenya) kuri Mariko Angel kumuyoboro wa YouTube. Emmanuella yagaragaye bwa mbere ku gice cya 34, yise "Who Mess?" == Umwuga == Emanuella yinjiye mu rwenya afite imyaka itanu. Yari mu kiruhuko cyumuryango ahura na Angel. Yari akeneye abana bamwe kugirango akine urwenya, maze ahamagara abana bake yari azi kugirango bagenzurwe, ariko ntibashobora gufata mu mutwe imirongo yabo hanyuma ahindukirira Emmanuella. Nubwo amasaha cumi n'umunani yafashwe amashusho, akantu yakoze kugirango agerageze kwihangana kwabana, Emanuella yakoze neza. Amaze gutoranywa, Angel yagombaga kumvisha ababyeyi be kumureka akaba umwe mubagize itsinda rya Mark Angel Comedy maze baramwemerera. Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yo gusetsa"This is Not My Real Face Oh" bisobanuye "Iyi si Isura Yanjye Yukuri Oh", aho yarimo asetsa umunyeshuri mugenzi we batazi ko umunyeshuri ari umwana w’umuyobozi w’ishuri. Uru rwenya rugufi yagaragaye kurupapuro rwa Facebook rwa CNN. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/cnn-features-6-year-old-emmanuella-crowns-africas-popular-youngest-comedienne-internet |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-01 |archive-date=2021-05-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210512150241/https://www.naijaloaded.com.ng/news/cnn-features-6-year-old-emmanuella-crowns-africas-popular-youngest-comedienne-internet |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku ya 2 Mata 2020, mu gihe cyo gufunga kubera icyorezo cya COVID-19, Emmanuella, Intsinzi, na Regina Daniels bagaragaye mu gikinisho cya Ofego cyiswe " Gufunga " ku rubuga rwe rwa YouTube bakoresheje amashusho y’ububiko. <ref>https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=S46iwCmoGv0</ref> == Ibihembo no gushimirwa == Muri 2018, Emanuella yatumiwe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko na Perezida wa Sena, Bukola Saraki, kubera uruhare yagize muri filime ya Disney. Yatangaje uruhare rwe muri film ya Disney kumurongo wa Instagram. Muri 2016, Emanuella yatsindiye igihembo cya Top Subscribe Creator kuva kuri YouTube mugihe cyo gutangiza ibihembo bya YouTube yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara. Yatsindiye kandi ibihembo byiza bya Comedienne & Princess of Comedy awards muri Afro-Ositaraliya Music & Movie Awards (AAMMA). Yakiriwe na CNN mu Gushyingo 2016. Muri 2015, yatsindiye G-Influence Niger Delta idasanzwe ya Talent Award. [[Dosiye:Emmanuella_Sulemana_Stevenson_02.jpg|thumb|Emmanuella amaze kumenyekana cyane mu gihugu kiwabo mu gukina ibintu bisekeje (Comedy)]] == Ubuzima bwite == Emanuella akomoka muri Leta ya Imo mu burasirazuba bwa Nijeriya. Yavukiye i Port Harcourt muri Leta ya Rivers. Habayeho impaka ku mibanire ye na Mark Angel, nkuko byavuzwe mu nzego zitandukanye ko ari mwishywa we ndetse bamwe bakavuga ko ari mubyara. Eze Chidinma wo muri Buzz Nigeriya mu kiganiro yavuze ko Emmanuella ari mwishywa wa Angel. Pulse Nigeria yavuze kandi ko Angel ari nyirarume kuri Emmanuella. Ku rundi ruhande, George Ibenegbu wo muri Legit.ng yavuze ko bombi ari mubyara. Rachael Odusanya mubisohoka nyuma kuri legit.ng yavuze ko badafitanye isano. == Reba == {{Reflist}} 8wpunjxnj05deoka72bhbjlid9cucqj 0 8500 139190 130166 2026-09-23T03:27:19Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139190 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:S65-63830 The Sahara Desert in Western Algeria on Earth.jpg|thumb|ubutayu bwa sahara|367x367px]] ''Inyandiko y'umwimerere: [[:en:Sahara|Sahara]]'' '''Sahara''' [[File:Evening_Pass_over_the_Sahara_Desert_and_the_Middle_East.ogv|thumb|iyi ni videwo yafatiwe hejuru ya Sahara mu burasirazuba bwo hagati ifashwe n'abakozi ba Expedition 29 bari mu kirere.|331x331px]] [[File:Libya_4985_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|thumb|Ubutayu bwa Tadrart Acacus mu burengerazuba bwa [[Libiya]], igice cya Sahara]] [[File:SafsafOasis_SAR_comparison.jpg|thumb|Ishusho yo hejuru yerekana Safsaf Oasis hejuru ya Sahara. Ahagana hasi (ukoresheje radar) ni urutare , rugaragaza imiyoboro yumukara yaciwe no gutembera kwinzuzi za kera zahoze zigaburira oasisi .]] '''Sahara''' ( /s ə h ɑːr ə /, /s ə h au ə / ; mucyarabu: ''aṣ-ṣaḥrāʼ al-kubrá'', bivuga 'Ubutayu bunini cyane ') ni ubutayu buherereye ku [[Afurika|mugabane wa Afurika]] . bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 9,200,000 ( nukuvuga 3,600,000 sq mi), nibwo butayu bunini kandi bushyuha kurusha ubundi ku isi bukaba n'ubutayu bwa gatatu bunini muri rusange, burutwa gusa n'ubutayu bwa [[Antarigitika|Antaragitika]] na Arikitike. Izina 'Sahara' rikomoka ku ijambo ry'icyarabu rivuga "ubutayu", ''ṣaḥra'' ( صحرا /ˈsˤaħra/ ). <ref>[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=Sahara "Sahara."] ''[[Online Etymology Dictionary]].'' Douglas Harper, Historian. Retrieved 25 June 2007.</ref> Ubwo butayu bugizwe n' igice kinini cya Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, usibye akarere karumbuka ko ku nyanja ya Mediterane, imisozi ya Atlas ya Maghreb, [[Nili|n'ikibaya cya Nili]] mu [[Misiri]] na [[Sudani]] . Bukora ku nyanja itukura mu burasirazuba no ku nyanja ya Mediterane mu majyaruguru bukagera ku nyanja ya Atalantika mu burengerazuba, aho imiterere igenda ihinduka ahari ubutayu hagahinduka ibibaya. Mu majyepfo, ihana imbibi na Sahel, umukenke wo mu turere dushyuha dukikije ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Nijeri n'akarere ka Sudani yo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara . Sahara ishobora kugabanywamo uturere twinshi, harimo Sahara y’iburengerazuba, imisozi ya Ahaggar rwagati, imisozi ya Tibesti, imisozi ya Aïr, ubutayu bwa Ténéré, n’ubutayu bwa Libiya . Mu myaka amagana n'ibihumbi byinshi, Sahara yahindukaga ubutayu ubundi ikaba umukenke mu byiciro bingana n'imyaka 20.000 ibyo bikaba byaraterwaga n'ifatizo ry'isi ihora izenguruka izuba . Aka gace karimo Sahara biteganijwe ko kazameraho ibyatsi mu myaka igera ku 15.000. == Ubumenyi bwaho iherereye == [[File:Africa_satellite_orthographic.jpg|thumb|Ikarita y'ubumenyi bw' Afrika, yerekana agace ka Sahara]] [[File:Hoggar8.jpg|thumb|Awazisi mu misozi ya Ahaggar . Owazisi irengera bimwe mubinyamubuzima mubutayu bwumye cyane.]] [[File:Saharan_Dust_off_West_Africa.jpg|thumb|Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2003, umuyaga mwinshi wo muri Sahara wohereje umukungugu mwinshi mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba hejuru y'inyanja ya Atalantika]] [[File:Algérie_2009.jpg|right|thumb|Butte yakozwe kuburyo bw'umwimerere n'umuyaga]] Sahara ikora ku bice byinshi bya [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]], [[Cade|Tchad]], Misiri, [[Libiya]], [[Mali]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Maroke|Maroc]], [[Nigeri|Niger]], Sahara y'Uburengerazuba, [[Sudani]] na [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] . Ifite ubuso bwa miliyoni 9 za kilometero kare (3.500.000 sq mi), ni ukuvuga 31% bya Afurika. Turamutse tubariyemo uturere twose dufite imvura igereranije y'umwaka iri munsi ya milimetero 250, Sahara yaba kilometero kare miliyoni 11 (4.200.000 sq mi) . Nimwe mu ntara eshatu zifite Fiziyogarafi nini muri Africa . Sahara ahanini ni amabuye ya hamada(amabuye ashashe ); ergs (umusenyi w'inyanja; uduce tunini dutwikiriwe n'uwo musenyi ) hakaba igice kinini gifite umusenyi ufite metero zirenga 180 z'ubujyejuru (590 ft). Umuyaga cyangwa imvura y'imbonekarimwe nibyo bikora ibiranga ubutayu ni ukuvuga umusenyi w'ubutayu, umusenyi wo mu mirima, umusenyi w' inyanja, ikibaya cy'amabuye, ibibaya bya ''kaburimbo'' ( ''reg'' ), ibibaya byumye ( ''wadi'' ), ibiyaga byumye ( ''oued'' ), hamwe nubutaka bw'umunyu ( ''shati'' cyangwa ''chott'' ). Imisozi myinshi yaritandukanije cyane, ndetse n'ibirunga byinshi biboneka mu butayu, harimo nk'imisozi ya Aïr, imisozi ya Ahaggar, Atlas ya Sahara, imisozi ya Tibesti, Adrar des Iforas, n’imisozi yo ku nyanja itukura . Impinga ndende muri Sahara yitwa Emi Koussi, akaba ari [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ikirunga]] cyaka giherereye mu gace ka Tibesti mu majyaruguru ya Tchad. Sahara yo hagati irumye cyane , ikagira ibimera bike. Amajyaruguru n’amajyepfo by'ubwo butayu, hamwe n’imisozi miremire, bigizwe n'uduce tw’ibyatsi bito n’ibihuru byo mu butayu, bikagira kandi n’ibiti n’ibihuru birebire byo muri wadis, aho ubuhehere bwikusanyiriza. Mu karere ko hagati, ka kandi kumye cyane, hari uduce twinshi two mu butayu bunini: Tanezrouft, Ténéré, Ubutayu bwa Libiya, Ubutayu bw'Iburasirazuba, Ubutayu bwa Nubiya n'ibindi. Utu turere twumye cyane dushobora kumara imyaka n'imyaka nta mvura ihagwa. Mu majyaruguru, Sahara yambukiranya inyanja ya Mediterane muri Egiputa ndetse n'ibice bya Libiya, ariko muri Cyrenaica na Maghreb, Sahara ihana imbibi n’ishyamba rya Mediterane, ishyamba ry’ibiti, hamwe n'akarere k’ibidukikije ko mu majyaruguru ya Afurika kagizwe n'ibihuru, byose bikaba bifite ikirere cya Mediterane kirangwa n'impeshyi ishyushye n'itumba rikonje kandi rirangwa n'imvura. Ugendeye ku mahame y'ibimera ya Frank White n'impuguke mu bumenyi bw'isi Robert Capot-Rey, umupaka w'amajyaruguru ya Sahara ugarukira ku biti by'imikindo byitwa date palm naho umupaka w'amajyepfo ukagarukira ku byatsi bya esparto; ibyatsi biranga ikirere cya Mediterane ku gice cya Maghreb na Iberia . Ku mupaka wo mu majyaruguru hagwa imvura ingana na isoyeti milimetero100 (3.9 in) ku mwaka. Mu majyepfo, Sahara ihana imbibi na Sahel, umukenke wumye ugizwe n'uturere dufite impeshyi irimo imvura ikwira muri Afurika kuva iburasirazuba kugeza iburengerazuba. Ukurikije ikirere, ku mupaka y’amajyepfo ya Sahara hagwa imvura ihwanye na isoyeti milimetero150 (5.9 in) ku mwaka (iyi ni impuzandengo y'igihe kirekire, kubera ko imvura ihinduka buri mwaka). Imijyi y'ingenzi iherereye muri Sahara harimo Nouakchott, [[umurwa]] mukuru wa Moritaniya; Tamanrasset, Ouargla, Béchar, Hassi Messaoud, Ghardaïa, na El Oued muri Alijeriya; Timbuktu muri Mali; Agadez muri Nijeri; Ghat muri Libiya; na Faya-Largeau muri Cadi. == Ikirere == Sahara ni ubutayu bunini cyane ku isi. Iherereye mu karere kitwa horse latitude munsi y'agace gashyuha cyane aho ikirere k'isi kiganjemo ubutumburuke bwa subtropical, n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyaga uhagarika imvura n’ibicu, kandi gafite umuyaga uhindagurika uvanze n'umuyaga utuje.  Kubura kw'ibicu guhoraho bituma haza urumuri rwinshi rudafite ikirubangamiye hamwe n'imirasire ishyushye nk'umuriro. Kudahindagurika kw<nowiki>''</nowiki>ikirere cyo hejuru yubutayu bituma ibicu bitabaho, bityo n'imvura ntibeho. Kugabanuka, umuyaga ushyushye hamwe n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'umuyaga wo muri subtropcal bituma imvura itagwa . Ikibaya cya subtropical nicyo kintu kiganje gituma habaho ikirere gishyushye cyo muri kariya karere kanini. Umuyaga umanuka niwo ukomeye kandi ufite imbaraga mu gice cy’iburasirazuba bw’Ubutayu, mu butayu bwa Libiya: aha ni ahantu h’izuba ryinshi, humye kandi hataba imvura ku isi, kimwe n'ubutayu bwa Atacama, buherereye muri [[Shili|Chili]] na [[Peru]] . Kubura kw'imvura n'ibicu byiganje cyane mu gice cy'iburasirazuba bwa Sahara kurusha mu burengerazuba. Umwuka wiganje hejuru ya Sahara ni umuyaga wo ku mugabane ushyushye kandi wumye. Imyuka ishyushye kandi yumye iba cyane cyane hejuru y'ubutayu bwo mu majyaruguru y' Afrika kandi bukagira ingaruka mu butayu bwose mu gihe kinini cy'umwaka. Kubera ubu buryo bwo gushyuha bikabije, ubushyuhe buke busanzwe bugaragara hafi y'ubutaka, kandi bukiyongera mu gihe k'impeshyi. Ingaruka ziterwa n'ubutaka bwaho buke cyane ni nkeya kuko n'ubundi nta mwuka umanuka. Nanone, kugira ngo bwirinde gahunda y’ikirere ibyara imvura n’ikwirakwizwa ry’ikirere ubwacyo, ubutayu buba bwumutse bitewe n’imiterere n’aho buherereye. Mu byukuri, ubushyuhe bukabije bwa Sahara ntibusobanurwa gusa n’umuvuduko ukabije w’umwuka: Umusozi wa Atlas wo muri Alijeriya, Maroc na Tuniziya nawo ufasha kongera ubukana bw’amajyaruguru y’ubutayu. Iyi misozi minini ikora nkinzitizi, igatera igicucu gikomeye cyimvura kugabanuka ikoresheje ubuhehere bukomeye buzanwa n’imivurungano y’ikirere ku nkombe ya polar igira ingaruka ku kirere gikikije Mediterane. Isoko y'ibanze ituma imvura igwa muri Sahara ni Intertropical convergence Zone, umuvuduko mucye wumuyaga ukomeza kugeza hafi ya koma yisi niwo uzana ibihe by'imvura bigufi kandi bihindagurika muri Sahel no mumajyepfo ya Sahara. Imvura kugirango igwe muri ubu butayu bunini igomba gutsinda inzitizi zifatika z’ikirere zisanzwe zibuza imvura kugwa. Ikirere gikaze cya Sahara kirangwa nimvura nkeya cyane, itizewe, imvura idasanzwe; izuba ryinshi cyane ryigihe kirekire; ubushyuhe bwo hejuru umwaka wose; igipimo ntarengwa cy'ubushyuhe bugereranije ; ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe bwa buri munsi ; nurwego rwo hejuru cyane mu guhumeka arirwo rwaciye agahigo kwisi yose. === Ubushyuhe === Ubusanzwe ikirere kiragaragara neza hejuru yubutayu, kandi igihe cyizuba ni kinini cyane ahantu hose muri Sahara. Hafi ubutayu bwose bufite amasaha arenga 3,600 yizuba ryinshi kumwaka (hejuru ya 82 kwijana yamasaha yumunsi), kandi ahantu hanini mugice cyiburasirazuba hafite amasaha arenga 4000 yizuba ryinshi kumwaka (hejuru ya 91 kwijana yamasaha yumunsi). Agaciro k'amasaha 4300 (98%) yigihe cy'amanywa aboneka muri Egiputa yo hejuru ( Aswan, Luxor ) no mu butayu bwa Nubian ( Wadi Halfa ). Impuzandengo ya buri mwaka yimirasire y'izuba igera kuri 2.800 kWh / (m ² mwaka) mubutayu bunini. Sahara ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo kubyara ingufu z'izuba. [[File:Algeria_Sahara_Desert_Photo_From_Drone_5.jpg|thumb|Umusenyi wo muri Sahara]] kuba izuba riherereye kure cyane, n'ubuhehere buri hasi cyane, hamwe no kubura ibimera n'imvura nkeya bituma ubu butayu bunini bufata umwanya wambere mu turere tunini kandi dushyuha cyane kwisi. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kirenga 38 kugeza kuri 40 ° C cyangwa 100.4 kugeza 104.0 ° F mukwezi gushyushe hafi ya hose mubutayu usibye ahantu hirengeye cyane. Ikigereranyo cyo hejuru cyane ku isi cyashyizwe ahagaragara ubushyuhe buri munsi;  byari 47 ° C cyangwa 116.6 ° F mu mujyi wa kure wo mu butayu bwa Alijeriya witwa Bou Bernous, ku butumburuke bwa metero 378 (1,240 ft) hejuru yinyanja, ikibaya kitwa icyurupfu california cyonyine nicyo kijya kigera kuri ubwo bushyuhe . Ahandi hantu hashyushye muri Alijeriya nka Adrar, Timimoun, Muri Salah, Ouallene, Aoulef, Reggane hafite n'uburebure buri hagati ya metero 200 na 400 hejuru yinyanja, harangwa n'ubushyuhe bungana na 46 ° C cyangwa 114.8 ° F mu mezi ashyushye yumwaka. Salah, izwi cyane muri Alijeriya kubera ubushyuhe bukabije, ifite ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 43.8 ° C cyangwa 110.8 ° F, 46.4 ° C cyangwa 115.5 ° F, 45.5 ° C cyangwa 113.9 ° F na 41.9 ° C cyangwa 107.4 ° F muri Kamena, Nyakanga, Kanama na Nzeri. Hariho utundi turere dushyuha cyane kurushaho duherereye cyane cyane muri Azalai, mu majyaruguru ya Mali. Igice kinini cyubutayu kigira amezi atatu kugeza kuri atanu arangwa n' impuzandengo yubushyuhe yo hejuru cyane  irenga 40 ° C cyangwa 104 ° F. Ingero ni nka Bilma, Nijeri na Faya-Largeau, Tchad. Ikigereranyo cy'umwaka; ubushyuhe buri munsi burenga 20 ° C cyangwa 68 ° F ahantu hose kandi bushobora kwegera 30 ° C cyangwa 86 ° F mu turere dushyushye umwaka wose. Nyamara, igice kinini cyubutayu gifite ubushyuhe burenze 25 ° C cyangwa 77 ° F. [[File:Sunset_in_Sahara.jpg|thumb|Izuba rirenze muri Sahara]] Ubushyuhe bwumucanga nubwubutaka burenze urugero. Ku manywa, ubushyuhe bwumucanga buba buri hejuru cyane: bushobora kugera kuri 80C cyangwa bukarenga. Ubushyuhe bwumucanga bwa 83.5&nbsp;° C (182.3&nbsp;° F) bwagaragaye muri Port Sudani . Ubushyuhe bwubutaka bwa 72 ° C cyangwa 161.6 ° F bwagaragaye muri Adrar ya Mauritania naho ubushyuhe bwa 75&nbsp;° C (167&nbsp;° F) bupimwa i Borkou, mu majyaruguru ya Tchad. Bitewe no kubura ibicu nubuhehere buke cyane, ubutayu ubusanzwe bugira ubushyuhe bwinshi buhindagurika hagati yumunsi nijoro. Ariko, nakamenyero ko amajoro akonja cyane nyuma yiminsi ishyushye cyane muri Sahara.  Ugereranyije, ubushyuhe bw'ijoro usanga buri hagati ya 13 na 20 ° C (23-36 ° F) hakonje ugereranyije no kumanywa. ihindagurika rito riboneka mu turere two ku nkombe kubera ubuhehere bwinshi kandi akenshi usanga buri munsi ya 10 ° C cyangwa 18 ° F, mugihe ihindagurika rinini riboneka mubice byo kubutaka byubutayu aho ubuhehere buri hasi cyane, cyane cyane mumajyepfo ya Sahara. Nubwo bimeze bityo, mwitumba ijoro rishobora gukonja, kugeza ku rwego rwo gutitira, cyane cyane ahantu hahanamye.  Inshuro amajoro yo muri sahara akonja ziterwa cyane na Oscillation ya ruguru ya Atlantike y'Amajyaruguru (NAO), hamwe nubushyuhe bwo mugihe cyubukonje mugihe cyibihe bibi bya NAO hamwe nimbeho yo mubukonje hamwe mugihe NAO ari nziza. <ref>See Visbeck, Martin H.; Hurrell, James W.; Polvani, Lorenzo and Cullen, Heidi M.; ‘The North Atlantic Oscillation: Past, Present, and Future’; ''Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America'', vol. 98, no. 23 (2001); pp. 12876-12877</ref> Ibi byose nukubera ko amasaha agenda gahoro hafi yuburasirazuba bwa anticyclone ya subtropical mugihe cyubukonje bwinshi cya NAO, nubwo cyumye cyane kuburyo byakagombye gutanga imvura irenze urugero, bigabanya umuvuduko wumuyaga wumye, n'ukonje uva mumisozi miremire ya Eurasia muri Sahara kuburyo bugaragara. <ref>Hurrell, James W.; Kushnir, Yochanan; Ottersen, Geir and Visbeck, Martin; ''An Overview of the North Atlantic Oscillation'', pp. 17–19. Geophysical Monograph 134; published 2003 by the American Geophysical Union</ref> === Imvura === Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka itangirira hasi cyane mumajyaruguru namajyepfo yubutayu kugeza hafi yigice cyo hagati nuburasirazuba. Uruhande ruto rwo mu majyaruguru y’ubutayu rwakira ibicu n’imvura nyinshi bitewe n’imiterere y’umuvuduko muke wo hejuru y’inyanja ya Mediterane ku nkombe ya polar, nubwo ihujwe cyane n’igicucu cy’imvura cy’imisozi kandi imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka iba kuva kuri 100 millimetres (4 muri) kugeza kuri 250 millimetres (10 in) . Kurugero, Biskra, Alijeriya, na Ouarzazate, Maroc, tubisanga muri kano karere. Inkombe yo mu majyepfo y’ubutayu ku mupaka na Sahel yakira ibicu n’imvura byo mu mpeshyi bitewe na Intertropical Convergence Zone iturutse mu majyepfo,imvura igwa ugereranije buri mwaka iri hagati ya 100 millimetres (4 in) kugeza kuri 250 millimetres (10 in) . urugero, Timbuktu, Mali na Agadez, Niger tuzisanga muri iyi zone. Intambwe nini yo hagati ya hyper-arid yo mu butayu ntishobora na rimwe kwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere cyo mu majyaruguru cyangwa mu majyepfo kandi ikomeza guhora iyobowe nikirere cya anticyclonic, kandi imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka ishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri 1 millimetre (0.04 in) . Mubyukuri, igice kinini cya Sahara cyakira munsi ya 20 millimetres (0.8 in) . Muri kilometerokare 9,000,000 (3,500,000 sq mi) zigize ubutaka bwo mu butayu bwa Sahara, ubuso bungana na kilometerokare2,800,000 (1,100,000 sq mi) (hafi 31% yubuso bwose) bwakira buri mwaka impuzandengo yimvura ingana na milimetero 10 (0.4 in) cyangwa munsi yayo, mugihe kilometerokare 1,500,000(580,000 sq in) (hafi 17% yubuso bwose) yakira impuzandengo ya milimetero 5 (0.2in) cyangwa munsi. Impuzandengo ngarukamwaka y'imvura ni zero hafi kilometerokare 1,000,000(390,000 sq in) mu burasirazuba bwa Sahara igizwe n'ubutayu bwa: Libiya, Misiri na Sudani ( Tazirbu, Kufra, Dakhla, Kharga, Farafra, Siwa, Asyut, Sohag, Luxor, Aswan, Abu Simbel, Wadi Halfa) aho igihe kirekire bivuze hafi 0.5 millimetres (0.02 muri) ku mwaka. Imvura ntabwo iba yizewe kandi iba ari nkeya muri Sahara kuko igenda guhindagurika cyane uko umwaka utashye. Bitandukanye rwose n’imvura idakunda kuboneka mumwaka, ibipimo byo kuzamuka kumwuka mu mwaka byo ni binini cyane, hafi ya 2,500 millimetres (100 muri) ku mwaka kugeza kuri 6,000 millimetres (240 zirenga 6,000 millimetres (240 in) ku mwaka mu butayu bwose. Nta handi ku isi habonetse umwuka wumye kandi uzamuka nko mu karere ka Sahara. Ariko, urubura rwigeze kugwa inshuro ebyiri muri Sahara, muri Gashyantare 1979 n'Ukuboza 2016, mu mujyi wa Ayini Sefra . === uko ubutayu bwikoze n'ikirere cya mbere y'amateka === Igitekerezo kimwe cyuko Sahara yikoze ni uko imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru yacitse intege kubera ibibarafu mu gihe cya Quaternary, guhera mu myaka miriyoni ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ishize. Ikindi gitekerezo ni uko imvura yagabanutse igihe inyanja ya Tethys ya kera yumaga mugihe cya Tortoniya mumyaka miriyoni 7. Ikirere cya Sahara cyagiye gihindagurika kuva ku kirere cyimvura kugera kucyubushyuhe mu myaka ibihumbi namagana ishize, bikekwa ko biterwa n’imihindagurikire irambye yikirere cy' Afurika y'Amajyaruguru iteguza imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru - yerekeza mu majyepfo. iki kiciro giterwa nikiciro cyigihe cyimyaka 41000 aho ihindagurika ryisi rihinduka hagati ya 22 ° na 24.5 °. Kugeza ubu (2000 ACE), turi mugihe cyumye, ariko biteganijwe ko Sahara izongera kuba icyatsi mumyaka 15000 (17000 ACE). Iyo imvura yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru iri mu mvura ikaze ya buri mwaka kandi ibimera byo mu karere ka Sahara bikiyongera, bigatuma habaho icyo bakunze kwita sahara y'icyatsi kibisi ". Ku mvura idasanzwe yo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru ifite intege nke, ikinyuranyo kiragaragara, kubera ko imvura igabanuka buri mwaka n’ibimera biba bike bigatuma habaho icyiciro cy’ikirere gishyushye cya Sahara kizwi ku izina rya "ubutayu bwa Sahara". Igitekerezo cy'uko ihindagurika ryimirasire (ubushyuhe bw'izuba) riterwa n’imihindagurikire irambye mu kuzenguruka kwisi ari ikintu kigenzura ihinduka ry’igihe kirekire mu mbaraga z’imvura ku isi yose ryatanzwe bwa mbere na Rudolf Spitaler mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda., icyo gitekerezo cyaje gutangwa ku mugaragaro no gupimwa numuhanga mu byikirere John Kutzbach mu 1981. Igitekerezo cya Kutzbach kijyanye n'ingaruka z'izuba ku miterere y'imvura ku isi cyemewe muri iki gihe nkifatizo ritera igihe kirekire cyimvura. Kutzbach ntabwo yigeze aha izina igitekerezo cye ku buryo bwemewe niyo mpamvu kiswe " Hypothesis ya Orbital Monsoon " nk'uko Ruddiman yabisabye mu 2001. [[File:Village_Telly_in_Mali.jpg|thumb|Agace ka Sahel muri Mali]] Mubihe byanyuma byurubura , Sahara yari nini cyane kuruta iyubu, igera mu majyepfo kurenga imbibi zayo zubu. <ref>Christopher Ehret. ''The Civilizations of Africa.'' University Press of Virginia, 2002.</ref> Iherezo ryigihe cy'urubura ryazanye imvura nyinshi muri Sahara, kuva nko mu 8000 mbere ya Yezu kugeza 6000 mbere ya Yezu, ahari kubera ahantu h’umuvuduko muke byatumye urubura rugwa mu majyaruguru. Urubura rumaze kugenda, Sahara yo mu majyaruguru yarumye. Naho muri Sahara yo majyepfo,kuma byagendaga bisimburana nimvura, akaba ari nabyo bituma amajyepfo agira imvura kurusha amajyaruguru kugeza nanubu. Ahagana mu 4200 mbere ya Yezu, imvura yasubiye mu majyepfo igera aho igeze ubu, <ref name="Science Daily">[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1999/07/990712080500.htm Sahara's Abrupt Desertification Started by Changes in Earth's Orbit], Accelerated by Atmospheric and Vegetation Feedbacks.</ref> biganisha ku butayu bwa Sahara buhoro buhoro. Sahara ubu yumye nkuko byari bimeze mu myaka 13.000 ishize Ikiyaga cya Tchad ni ibisigisigi byahoze ari inyanja ya paleolake Mega-Tchad, yabayeho mugihe cy'ubushyuhe bwa Afurika. Mu myaka ya 5000 mbere ya Yesu, ikiyaga cya Mega-Tchad nicyo cyari kinini muri paleolakes enye zo muri Sahara, kandi bivugwa ko cyari gifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 350.000. Igitekerezo cya pompe kuri Sahara gisobanura ibihe bikurikira: Igihe cy'imvura cyangwa " cya Sahara y'icyatsi", Sahara ihinduka ubwatsi bwumukenke kandi ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye biba byinshi. Hakurikiraho igihe cyo hagati y'imvura n'izuba ndetse nigihe cyubushyuhe aho agace ka Sahara kongera gusubira mu butayu kandi bikaba ngombwa ko ibimera n’ibinyabuzima bisubira mu majyaruguru kugera ku misozi ya Atlas, no mu majyepfo yerekeza muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba, cyangwa mu burasirazuba mu [[Nili|kibaya cya Nili]] . Ibi bitandukanya abaturage bo mu moko atandukanye mu bice bifite ikirere gitandukanye, bikaba ngombwa ko babimenyera. Bivugwa kandi ko abantu bihutishije igihe cyo kuma kuva 6.000-25.500 mbere ya Yezu bitewe n'abashumba baharagiraga. ==== Ibimenyetso by'izunguruka ==== Gukura kwa speleothem (risaba amazi y'imvura) kwagaragaye muri Hol-Zakh, Ashalim, Ndetse-Sid, Ma'ale-ha-Meyshar, Ktora Crack, Ubuvumo bwa Nagev Tzavoa, n'ahandi, kwatumye gukurikirana imvura yabanjirije amateka byoroha. Inzira yinyanja itukura yari yumye cyane mbere ibihumbi 140 na nyuma yibihumbi 115 (mumyaka ibihumbi ishize). Ibihe bito bito bigaragara kuri 90-87 kya, ariko byari bikiri kimwe cya cumi gusa imvura igera kuri kya 125. Mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Negev speleothems ntiyakuze hagati ya 185-140 kya ( MIS 6), 110-90 (MIS 5.4-5.2), cyangwa nyuma ya 85 kya cyangwa mugihe kinini cy’ibihugu bitandukanye (MIS 5.1), ibihe by'ikirere na Holocene . Ibi birerekana ko Negev yepfo yari yumye kuri hyper-arid muri ibi bihe. Mugihe cyanyuma cya Glacial Maximum (LGM) ubutayu bwa Sahara bwari bunini kurenza uko bimeze ubu aho amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha yagabanutse cyane, kandi ubushyuhe bwo hasi bwagabanije imbaraga za Hadley. Aka ni agace k'ikirere gatera umwuka wubushyuhe wo mukarere ka Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) kuzana imvura muri tropique, mugihe umwuka wamanutse ushyushye, kuri dogere 20 mumajyaruguru, ugasubira muri koma y'isi kandi ukazana umwuka w'ubutayu muri kano karere. Ifitanye isano n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’umukungugu utwarwa n’umuyaga, kandi urwego rwumukungugu ruboneka nkuko biteganijwe mu nyanja zo mu majyaruguru ya Atlantike. Ibihe by'ubutayu bwa Sahara byari byatangiye ahagana mu 12.500 mbere ya Yesu, hamwe no kwagura ITCZ ​​ mu mpeshyi mu majyaruguru y’isi, bikazana ibihe by'ikirere gitose hamwe n’ikirere cya savanna muri Sahara (usibye igihe gito cyumye kijyanye na Dryas). mugihe cya Holocene yubushyuhe bwikirere bwabaye 4000 mbere ya Yesu mugihe ubushyuhe bwo hagati buringaniye busa nubushyuhe buri hagati ya dogere 2 na 3 ugereranije nimyaka yashize. Isesengura ry’umugezi wa Nili washyizwe mu bishanga muri delta naryo ryerekana ko iki gihe cyari gifite umubare munini w’imyanda iva muri Nili yubururu, byatumye habaho imvura nyinsh mu misozi miremire ya [[Etiyopiya]]. Ibi byatewe ahanini n’umuvuduko ukabije w’imvura mu turere tw'ubushyuhe, bigira ingaruka ku [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]], Arabiya na Sahara, ikiyaga cya Victoria vuba aha cyabaye isoko yera ya Nili kandi yumye hafi y'imyaka 15. Kugenda gutunguranye kwa ITCZ yerekeza mu majyepfo, kurangwa na Heinrich (gukonja gutunguranye gukurikirwa no gushyuha gahoro), bifitanye isano nimpinduka hamwe nibihe bya El Niño-Amajyepfo ya Oscillation, byateye kuma byihuse mu turere twa Sahara na Arabiya bihinduka ubutayu. Ibi bifitanye isano no kugabanuka kugaragara k'ubunini bwa Nili hagati ya 2700 na 2100 mbere ya Yesu. <ref>Burroughs, William J. (2007) "Climate Change in Prehistory: the end of the reign of chaos" (Cambridge University Press)</ref> == Uduce tw'ibidukikije == [[File:Saharan_topographic_elements_map.png|thumb|Ibintu nyamukuru biranga imihanda yakarere ka Sahara]] Sahara igizwe n'uduce dutandukanye. tugiye dutandukanijwe nubushyuhe, imvura, ubutumburuke, nubutaka, utu duce kandi tubamo imiryango itandukanye yibimera ninyamaswa. '''Ubutayu bwo ku nyanja ya Atalantika''' ni agace kagufi ko ku nkombe za Atalantika aho igihu gituruka ku nkombe ya Canary Current ikonje kigatanga ubuhehere buhagije bwo gukomeza ibinyamisogwe bitandukanye, ibinyomoro, n'ibihuru. Bufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 39,900 (15,400 sq mi) mu majyepfo ya Maroc na Mauritania. Ikibaya cya '''Sahara y'Amajyaruguru''' n'amashyamba biri hafi y'ubutayu bwo mu majyaruguru, iruhande rw'amashyamba ya Mediterane, amashyamba, hamwe na ecorgion zo mu majyaruguru ya Maghreb na Cyrenaica. Imvura yo mu itumba ikomeza ibihuru n’ibiti byumye bigira inzibacyuho hagati y’ikirere cy’ikirere cya Mediterane mu majyaruguru na Sahara ya hyper-arid ikwiriye mu majyepfo. Ifite 1,675,300 square kilometers (646,840 sq mi) muri Alijeriya, Misiri, Libiya, Mauritania, Maroc, na Tuniziya. '''Agace k'ibidukikije mu butayu bwa Sahara''' gakubiyemo igice kinini cyo hagati ya Sahara aho imvura iba nkeya kandi ikagwa rimwe na rimwe. Ibimera ntibikunze kubonekayo, kandi aka gace kagizwe ahanini numusenyi ( ''erg, chech, raoui'' ), ''ikibaya cyamabuye'' ( ''hamadas'' ), ibibaya bya ''kaburimbo'' ( ''reg'' ), ibibaya byumye ( ''wadis'' ), hamwe nubutaka bwumunyu. gafie kilometero kare 4,639,900 z'ubuso(1,791,500 sq mi) kagakora kuri Alijeriya, Tchad, Misiri, Libiya, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, na Sudani. Igice cy'ikibaya '''cya Sahara y'Amajyepfo hamwe n’ibiti byo mu ishyamba''' ni itsinda rito rigana iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba hagati ya Sahara ya hyper-arid na Sahelnasi ya Sahel mu majyepfo. Kwimuka kwa Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bizana imvura yo mu cyi muri Nyakanga na Kanama ugereranije 100 to 200 mm (4 kugeza 8 muri) ariko biratandukanye cyane uko umwaka utashye. Iyi mvura ikomeza urwuri rwicyatsi nicyatsi, hamwe nishyamba ryumye hamwe nigiti kibisi kumugezi wigihe. Iyi ecoregion 1,101,700 square kilometres (425,400 sq mi) muri Alijeriya, Tchad, Mali, Mauritania, na Sudani. Mu '''mashyamba y’iburengerazuba ya Sahara montane xeric''', imisozi miremire y’ibirunga itanga ikirere gikonje, gituma habaho ishyamba rya Sahara-Mediterane. iki gice kingana na kilometero kare258,100 (99,650 sq mi), giherereye muri Tassili n'Ajjer yo muri Alijeriya, kigakora gato huri Aïr ya Nigeri, Dhar Adrar ya Mauritania, na Adrar des Iforas ya Mali na Alijeriya. Igice cya '''Tibesti-Jebel Uweinat montane xeric ishyamba ryibiti''' kigizwe nimisozi ya Tibesti na Jebel Uweinat . Imvura nyinshi kandi igwira igihe hamwe nubushyuhe buringaniye bituma haba amashyamba nibiti by'imikindo, acacia, myrtle, oleander, tamarix, hamwe nibiti byinshi bidasanzwe. Iki gice kingana na kilometero kare82,200 (31,700 sq mi) giherereye muri Tibesti ya Tchad na Libiya, na Jebel Uweinat ku mupaka wa Misiri, Libiya, na Sudani. '''Halofitike yo muri Sahara''' ni agace karangwa nibihe by’umwuzure w'umuvu w'umunyu kagizwe n’ibiti by’ibihingwa bya halofitike (byatewe n’umunyu). iki gice kifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 54,000 (21,000 sq mi) ubariyemo: umwuzure wa Qattara na Siwa uva mu majyaruguru ya Egiputa, ibiyaga by'umunyu byo muri Tuniziya yo hagati, Chott Melghir muri Alijeriya, n'uduce duto twa Alijeriya, Mauritania, no mu majyepfo ya Maroc. '''Tanezrouft''' ni kamwe mu turere '''dukarishye''' ku isi kakaba na kamwe bice bishyushye kandi byumye bya Sahara, nta bimera bihaba . kari ku mbibi za Alijeriya, Nigeriya, na Mali, mu burengerazuba bw'imisozi ya Hoggar . == Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima == Ibimera bya Sahara bigiye bitandukanye cyane bishingiye kuri bio-geography iranga ubu butayu bunini. dukurikije ibimera, Sahara ifite zone eshatu zishingiye ku mvura iba yahaguye arizo; Amajyaruguru (Mediterane), Hagati n'Amajyepfo. Hari nuturere tubiri twimberabyombi - imberabyombi ya Mediterane na Sahara n'imberabyombi ya Sahel. Ibimera byo muri Sahara bigizwe n’amoko agera kuri 2800 y’ibimera . Hafi ya kimwe cya kane cyabyo ntahandi wabibona . Hafi ya kimwe cya kabiri cyubwoko busanzwe bwibimera byo biboneka no mubundi butayu bwabarabu. [[File:GueltaCamels.jpg|thumb|Ingamiya muri Guelta d'Archei, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Cade|Tchad]]]] Bivugwa ko Sahara yo hagati irimo amoko magana atanu y'ibimera, akaba ari make cyane urebye ubunini bwayo. Ibimera nkibiti bya acacia, imikindo, ibinyomoro, ibihuru, n’ibyatsi; byamenyereye ubushyuhe kandi bikura biba bigufi kugira ngo byirinde gutakaza amazi kubera umuyaga mwinshi, bikabika amazi mu biti byabyo kugira ngo bizayakoreshe mu gihe cyiki, bikagira imizi miremire igenda itambitse ishakisha ahantu hari amazi n'ubuhehere, bigira kandi amababi mato mato cyangwa inshinge kugirango byirinde gutakaza amazi mugihe bihumeka . Amababi yabyo ashobora kuma rwose hanyuma akazashibuka. Muri Sahara habayo ubwoko bwinshi bwimbwebwe twavuga nka: ingunzu , imbwebwe yera nimbwebwe ya Rüppell . Imparage nini yumweru ya Addax, ishobora kugenda hafi umwaka mubutayu itanywa amazi. imparage ya Dorcas yo mumajyaruguru ya Afrika nayo ishobora kugenda igihe kirekire idafite amazi. Izindi mparage zizwi zirimo rhim na dama. Ingwe zo muri Sahara ( ingwe zo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Afurika ) ziba muri Alijeriya, [[Togo]], Niger, Mali, [[Bene|Benin]], na [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] . Haracyariho ingwe zitageze kuri 250 zikuze, ziritonda cyane, zihunga abantu bose. Ingwe zirinda izuba kuva muri Mata kugeza Ukwakira, zishakisha aho zikinga mibihuru nka balanite na acacia Ubundi bwoko bw'ingwe ( zo mu amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Afurika ) butuye muri Tchad, Sudani no mu burasirazuba bwa Niger. Ariko, kuri ubu zarazimye mu misozi ya Misiri na Libiya. Hasigaye ubwoko bugera kuri 2000 bwingwe zikuze. [[File:Libya_5391_Ubari_Lakes_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|left|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Idehan Ubari oasis, gifite ibyatsi kavukire n'imikindo]] Izindi nyamaswa zirimo ibinyaruvu, imbeba, inzoka z'umucanga, hamwe n'imisega yo muri Afurika, (mu bihugu 14 gusa) na ostrich ifite ijosi ritukura . Izindi nyamaswa ziba muri Sahara (inyoni byumwihariko) twavuga nka silverbill nyafrica hamwe ninyombya yumukara, nibindi. Habayo kandi ingona nto zo mu butayu ahagana muri Mauritania no mu kibaya cya Ennedi cya Tchad. <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20021014163802/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html Desert-Adapted Crocs Found in Africa]", National Geographic News, 18 June 2002</ref> Sikorupiyo y'urupfu ishobora kureshya na sentimetero 10(3.9 in). Ubumara bwayo burimo agitoxine na scyllatoxine nyinshi kandi mbi cyane kubuzima; ariko,kurumwa niyi sikorupiyo ntibipfa kwica umuntu mukuru ufite ubuzima bwiza. Ikimonyo gisa na feza cyo muri Sahara kirihariye kubera ubushyuhe bukabije bw’aho, hamwe n’inyamanswa zihora zigihiga, ibimonyo bisohoka mubuvumo bwabyo iminota icumi gusa kumunsi. ingamiya n' [[ihene]] ni [[inyamaswa]] ni amatungo aboneka cyane muri Sahara. Kubera imiterere yayo yo kutananirwa no kwihuta, ingamiya ninyamaswa ikunzwe,ikoreshwa nabakerarugendo . Ibikorwa byabantu bibangamira cyane agace gakunda kubamo amazi (oase) cyangwa aho amazi yegereye hejuru. Umubare munini w’inyamabere zari zisigaye waragabanutse bitewe nuko abantu bazihiga ngo bazirye. Mu myaka yashize, imishinga yiterambere yatangiriye mu butayu bwa Alijeriya na Tuniziya hakoreshejwe amazi yuhira yavomwe mu mazi yo mu kuzimu. Izi gahunda akenshi ziganisha ku kwangirika no gusharira kubutaka . Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Hacettepe (Yücekutlu, N. et al., 2011) batangaje ko ubutaka bwa Sahara bushobora kuba bufite ubutare nyabuzima ndetse na bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi byibiriwa bikenerwa gukoreshwa nk'ifumbire mu guhinga ingano. == Amateka == [[File:Mathendous_giraffes.jpg|thumb| urutare rw;ubugeni rwo muri Sahara muri Fezzan]] Abantu babaga ku nkombe yubutayu hashize imyaka ibihumbi, <ref name="Post-Ice Age Sahara">[http://discovermagazine.com/2006/oct/sahara-desert-savanna-climate Discover Magazine], 2006-Oct.</ref> kuva igihe kirekire cyurubura kirangiye . Icyo gihe Sahara yari ahantu heza cyane kuruta uko bimeze muri iki gihe. Izirenga petroglyphs 30.000 zinyamaswa zo mumazi nk 'ingona <ref name="Crocodiles">[https://web.archive.org/web/20021014163802/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/06/0617_020618_croc.html National Geographic News], 17 June 2006.</ref> zakomeje kubaho,kimwe cya kabiri cyazo kiboneka mu Tassili n'Ajjer mu majyepfo ya Algeria. dinozore zasigaye, harimo ''Afrovenator'', ''Jobaria'' na ''Ouranosaurus'', nazo ziba muri Arijeriya. Sahara yubu nta bimera byinshi ifite, usibye mu [[Nili|kibaya]] cya [[Nili]],no mu misozi miremire yo mu majyaruguru, aho usanga ibimera bya Mediterane nk'igiti [[Umumuri|cy'umwelayo]]. Abantu benshi bemezaga ko ako karere ariko kari kameze kuva kera nko mu mwaka wa 1600 mbere ya Yezu, nyuma y’imihindagurikire y’isi ubushyuhe bwariyongereye ndetse n’imvura iragabanuka, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho ubutayu butunguranye muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru mumyaka 5.400 ishize. <ref name="Science Daily"/> === AbaKiffian === Umuco wa Kiffian nuwo mugihe cyabanjirije amateka, wabayeho hagati yimyaka 10,000 na 8000 ishize muri Sahara, mugihe cya Neolithic Subpluvial . Ibisigazwa by'abantu bo muri uyu muco byabonetse mu 2000 ku kibanza kizwi ku izina rya Gobero, giherereye muri [[Nigeri|Niger]] mu butayu bwa Ténéré . Iki kibanza kizwi nkimva nini yamabuye kandi ya mbere yabantu mu butayu bwa Sahara. Abakiffians bari abahigi babahanga. Amagufa yinyamaswa nini zo mu mukenke zavumbuwe muri ako gace zerekana ko babaga ku nkombe yikiyaga cyari gihari mugihe cya Holocene Wet Phase, igihe Sahara yari yuzuye kandi itose. Abakiffian bari barebare, basumba centimetero 185. Isesengura rya Craniometric ryerekana ko aba baturage ba Holocene bo hambere bari bafitanye isano rya bugufi na Late Pleistocene Iberomaurusians hamwe naba Holocene ba mbere ba Maghreb, ndetse nitsinda rya Holocene Mechta rwagati . Ibimenyetso byumuco wa Kiffian ntibikibaho kuva mumyaka 8000 ishize, kuko Sahara yanyuze mugihe cyumye mumyaka igihumbi ishize. Nyuma yiki gihe, umuco wa Teneriya wigaruriye ako karere. === Abanya Teneri === Gobero yavumbuwe mu 2000 mu rugendo rw’ubucukuzi rwari ruyobowe na Paul Sereno, washakaga ibisigazwa bya dinozore . Imico ibiri itandukanye yabayeho mbere yamateka yavumbuwe aho hantu: umuco wa mbere wa Holocene Kiffian, n'umuco wo hagati wa Holocene Tenerian . Kiffians bari abantu babanjirije amateka babanjirije abanya Teneriya baza kuzimira hashize imyaka 8000, ubwo ubutayu bwashyuhaga cyane. Kuzimira byarakomeje kugeza mu 4600 mbere ya Yesu, ubwo ibihangano bya mbere bifitanye isano na Teneriya byandikwaga. I Gobero havumbuwe ibigazwa byabantu bagera kuri 200. Abanya Teneriya bari bagufi cyane kandi ntambaraga ugereranyije nabaKiffian. Isesengura rya Craniometric ryerekana kandi ko bari batandukanye. Imva zerekana ko Abanya Teneriya bubahirije imigenzo yo mu mwuka, kuko bashyinguwe hamwe n'ibikoresho nk'imitako ikozwe mu mitsi yimvubu n'amasafuriya y'ibumba. Ikintu gitangaje cyane ni ugushyingurwa kwabantu batatu bahoberana mumva imwe, byabaye mu myaka 5300 ishize, byumugore ukuze n’abana babiri, bagereranijwe ko bari bafite imyaka itanu n umunani. Ibisigazwa byabo byerekana ko batwikiwe ku buriri bwindabyo. Bose uko ari batatu bavugwa ko bapfuye mu masaha 24 buri wese, ariko kubera ko ibisigazwa byabo bidafite ihahamuka rigaragara (ntabwo bashinyaguriwe bikabije) kandi bashyinguwe ku buryo bwiza icyabateye gupfa kiracyari amayobera. [[File:Vue_de_Taghit.jpg|thumb|Oued Zouzfana n'umudugudu wa Taghit]] === Tashwinat Mummy === Uan Muhuggiag bigaragara ko hatigeze haturwa kuva byibuze mu kinyagihumbi cya 6 kugeza mu 2700 mbere ya Yezu, nubwo wenda hanyuzagano hagaturwa. ikintu cy'agaciro dusanga muri UAN Muhuggiag ni umubyeyi wabitse neza umwana w'umuhungu uri mukigero cy'imyaka 2 nigice. Umwana yari aryamye nkuko uruhinja ruba rumeze munda, ari mumufuka wakozwe muruhu rwimparage, uriho n'amababi. Bimwe mu bice byumubiri we byavanyweho, nkuko bigaragazwa ninkovu zo mu nda no mugatuza, hanyuma hashyirwaho imiti igabanya ubukana kugira ngo umubiri we utangirika. Urunigi rw'amagi ya ostrich narwo rwabonetse mu ijosi rye. Radiocarubone yagaragaje ko uwo mugore yari afite hafi imyaka 5600, ibyo bigatuma irusha imyaka 1000 umugore wari warabayeho imyaka myinshi muri Egiputa ya kera. Mu 1958–59, ubushakashatsi bw’ibyataburuwe byuwo mwana mu matongo buyobowe na Antonio Ascenzi bwakoze isesengura rya antropropologique, radiologue, amateka n'ubutabire kuri mummy Uan Muhuggiag bwemeje ko yari umwana w'amezi 30 nigitsina kitazwi, yari afite imiterere ya Negroid . Ibipimo byafashwe ku inda ye byerekanaga kandi ko umubiri we wabanje gutwarwa na evisceration hanyuma nyuma ugahinduka umwanda. Undi muntu mukuru, basanze kuri Uan Muhuggiag, yari yarahambwe yunamye. Ariko, umubiri ntiwerekanye ibimenyetso bya evisceration cyangwa ubundi buryo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuwubungabunga. Umurambo bagereranije ko ushobora kuba aruwo muri 7500 BP. === Nubians === [[File:Beni-Izguen.jpg|thumb|Beni Isguen, umujyi mutagatifu uzengurutswe n'inkuta ndende muri Sahara ya Alijeriya]] Mu gihe cya Neolithic, mbere yuko ubutayu butangira ahagana mu 9500 mbere ya Yesu, Sudani yo hagati yari ifite ibidukikije byinshi byafashaga baturage benshi ariko ubu hose hahindutse ubutayu. Mu kinyagihumbi cya 5 mbere ya Yezu, abantu bari batuye ahahoze hitwa Nubia, nibo bakoze "impinduramatwara mu buhinzi", bari babanye neza n'ibimera n'amatungo yo mu rugo. Ubugeni bw’[[inka]] n’abashumba bo muri sahara isobanura imihango nimizizririzo y' inka dusanga muri iki gihe muri Sudani ndetse n’indi miryango y’aborozi muri Afurika. Megaliths iboneka muri Nabta Playa ifatwa nkurugero rwerekana ibikoresho bya mbere bizwi ku isi bya kera, byahanuye Stonehenge imyaka igera ku 2000. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130725174732/http://www.planetquest.org/learn/nabta.html The History of Astronomy]. PlanetQuest</ref> Ibi biragoye kubyumva, nkuko byagaragaye kuri Nabta Playa, kandi nkuko byagaragajwe n'inzego zinyuranye z'ubuyobozi muri sosiyete yaho, birashoboka ko ari byo byashingiweho ku miterere y'umuryango wa Neolithic i Nabta ndetse n'Ubwami bwa kera bwa Misiri. <ref>Wendorf, Fred (1998) [https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa].</ref> === Abanyamisiri === Ahagana mu 6000 mbere ya Yezu, Abanyamisiri bo mumajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Egiputa baragiraga inka kandi bakubaka inyubako nini. Imiturire iri kumurongo kandi idahindagurika yo mu Misiri ahagana mbere yikinyejana cya 6 mbere ya Yesu yibandaga ahanini kubuhinzi bwibinyampeke nubworozi bw'amatungo: inka, ihene, ingurube nintama. Ibintu bikozwe mubyuma byasimbuye ibyari byarakozwe mamabuye. Muri icyo gihe gutunganya impu zinyamaswa, ububumbyi no kuboha nabyo byarakorwaga cyane. Ibimenyetso byerekana akazi ka Al Fayyum mugihe kirekire cyangwa gusa byigihe gito mumwaka wa 6 mbere ya Yezu, hamwe nibikorwa byibiribwa byibanda kuburobyi, guhiga no gukusanya ibiryo. Imyambi yamabuye, ibyuma nibisakuzo kuva mubihe bikunze kuboneka. <ref name="Fayum">[http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/fayum/fayumb.html Fayum, Qarunian] (Fayum B, about 6000–5000 BCE?), [https://web.archive.org/web/20100416080018/http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/ Digital Egypt].</ref> Mubikozwe mwibumba bakoraga inkono, imitako,ibikoresho by'ubuhinzi nibyo guhiga, batekaga n’ibiribwa bitandukanye birimo inyama zumishijwe n'imbuto. Gushyingura mubutayu byongera imihango y'Abanyamisiri, kandi abapfuye bashyingurwaga bareba iburengerazuba. <ref name="Predynastic">Predynastic (5,500–3,100 BCE), Tour Egypt.</ref> Kugeza mu 3400 mbere ya Yezu, Sahara yari yumye nkuko bimeze muri iki gihe, kubera kugabanuka kw'imvura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi biturutse ku guhinduka kw'izenguruka isi. <ref name="Science Daily"/> Uko kuma byabereye abantu imbogamizi yo kujya kuhatura. Ubucuruzi buciriritse cyangwa ubucuruzi bizwi ko byanyuze imbere mu bihe byakurikiyeho, ikintu cyonyine kidasanzwe ni ikibaya cya Nili. Nili ariko, ntiyashoboraga kunyura muri cataracte nyinshi, bigatuma ubucuruzi no guhura nubwato bigorana. === Abanyafenisiya === [[File:Bilma-Salzkarawane1.jpg|thumb|Azalai umunyu. Abafaransa batangaje ko muri 1906 ubushyo bw;ingamiya zari ingamiya 20.000.]] Abaturage ba Fenisiya, bateye imbere kuva mu 1200-800 mbere ya Yesu, bashinze ihuriro ry'ubwami muri Sahara yose kugera mu Misiri. Muri rusange bari batuye ku nkombe za Mediterane, ndetse na Sahara, mu baturage ba Libiya ya kera, bakaba ari abasekuruza b'abantu bavuga indimi za Berber muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru na Sahara muri iki gihe, harimo na Tuareg yo muri Sahara rwagati. Inyuguti z'Abanyafoyinike zisa n'izakiriwe n'Abanyalibiya ba kera bo muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, kandi Tifinagh iracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe n'abashumba b'ingamiya ba Tuareg bavuga ururimi rwa Berber bo muri Sahara rwagati. Igihe kimwe hagati ya 633 na 530 mbere ya Yezu, Hanno Navigator yashinze cyangwa ashimangira ubukoloni bwa Fenisiya mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara, ariko ibisigazwa bya kera byose byarazimanganye nta kimenyetso na kimwe gisigaye. === Abagereki === Mu 500 mbere ya Yezu, Abagereki nibwo bageze mu butayu. Abacuruzi b'Abagereki bakwirakwiriye ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bw'ubutayu, bashyiraho ubukoloni bw'ubucuruzi ku nyanja Itukura . abanyakariteje bakwirakwiye ku nkombe za Atalantika yo mu butayu, ariko imivumba yamazi no kubura amasoko byatumye batagera mu majyepfo nko Maroc ya none. Ibihugu bikomatanyije bizengurutse ubutayu mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba; byarakomeje birigenga. Igitero cyagabwe nabaturage b'abimukira bo mu butayu cyahoraga gihangayikishije abatuye ku nkombe z'ubutayu. === Iterambere mumijyi === [[File:Ghardaia01.jpg|thumb|Isoko ryari ku kibanza kinini cya Ghardaïa (1971)]] Iterambere mu mujyi, Garamantes, ryatangiye ahagana mu mwaka wa 500 mnere ya Yezu muri Sahara rwagati, mu kibaya cyitwa Wadi al-Ajal i Fezzan, muri Libiya. Garamantes yageze kuri iryo terambere mu gucukura imiringoti kure cyane yimisozi ihanamye kugirango ikure amazi mu kibaya hanyuma uyizane mumirima yabo. Garamantes yarakuze cyane kandi irakomera, yigarurira abaturanyi bayo kandi ifata abacakara besnhi (bashyizwe mubikorwa byo kwagura imiyoboro). Abagereki ba kera n'Abaroma bari bazi abanyagaramantes kandi bakabafata nk'abimukira badafite umuco. Icyakora, bakoranaga ubucuruzi nabo, kandi mu murwa mukuru wa Garamantes wa Garama habonetse ubwogero bw'Abaroma. Abacukumbuzi b'ibya kera basanze imijyi umunani minini hamwe n'indi midugudu myinshi ikomeye mu karere ka Garamantes. Iterambere rya Garamantes ryaje gusenyuka nyuma yo gutakaza amazi aboneka muri aquifers ntibaba bagishoboye gukomeza kwagura iyo miyoboro kugera ku misozi. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya mbere mbere ya Yesu n'ikinyejana cya kane nyuma ya Yesu, ingendo nyinshi z'Abaroma muri Sahara zakozwe n'itsinda ry'imitwe ya gisirikare n'ubucuruzi y'Abaroma . === Berber === [[File:Marabutto-Taghirt.JPG|thumb|Zawiya ku bwinjiriro bwa Taghit, Alijeriya]] [[File:Hoggar_caravane2.jpg|thumb|Tuareg yigeze kugenzura Sahara yo hagati nubucuruzi bwayo.]] Abaturage ba Berber bigaruriye igice kinini cya Sahara. Garamantes Berbers yubatse ingoma ikize rwagati mu butayu. <ref>Mattingly et al. (2003). ''Archaeology of Fazzan'', Volume 1</ref> Aborozi babaTuareg bakomeje gutura no kwambukiranya ubuso bunini bwa Sahara kugeza nubu. === Kwaguka kwa isilamu nicyarabu === Ingoma ya Byzantine yategekaga inkombe zo mu majyaruguru ya Sahara kuva mu kinyejana cya 5 kugeza mu cya 7. Nyuma yuko abayisilamu bigaruriye Arabiya, cyane cyane mu gice cy’Abarabu, banigaruriye Afurika y’Amajyaruguru kuva hagati mu kinyejana cya 7 kugeza mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 8 kandi imbaraga za kisilamu zagutse vuba muri Sahara. Mu mpera za 641 Misiri yose yari mu maboko y’abayisilamu. Ubucuruzi bwambukiranya ubutayu bwarushijeho kwiyongera, kandi nubucuruzi bukomeye bwabacakara bwanyuraga mubutayu. Byagereranijwe ko kuva mu kinyejana cya 10 kugeza mu cya 19 abacakara bagera ku 6.000 kugeza ku 7.000 batwarwaga mu majyaruguru buri mwaka. === Igihe cya Turukiya === Mu kinyejana cya 16, mu majyaruguru ya Sahara,muturere two ku nkombe muri Alijeriya na Tuniziya y'ubu, ndetse no mu bice bimwe na bimwe bya Libiya y'ubu, hamwe n'ubwami bwigenga bwa Misiri, bwigaruriwe n'ubwami bwa Ottoman. . Kuva mu 1517 Misiri yari igice cy’u Bwami bwa Ottoman, ibyo byatumaga Ottomani igenzura ikibaya cya Nili, uburasirazuba bwa Mediterane na Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Inyungu y'Ubwami bwa Ottoman nuko abaturage bakoraga bambukaga imipaka biboroheye kandi bagakora n'ubucuruzi hagati yabo. Abacuruzi bifashishije inzira y'ubutaka bwa Ottoman kugira ngo bagemure ibirungo, zahabu na silike biva mu burasirazuba,hamwe n'ibicuruzwa biva mu [[Burayi]], ariko hanakorerwaga nicuruzwa ritemewe ryabacakara na zahabu biva muri Afurika. Icyarabu cyarakomeje maze ururimi n'umuco wa kisilamu birashimangirwa cyane. Uturere twa Sahel n’amajyepfo ya Sahara twarimo ibihugu byinshi byigenga hamwe n'imiryango ya Tuareg. === Ubukoloni bw'i Burayi === Ubukoloni bw’i Burayi muri Sahara bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 19. [[Ubufaransa]] bwigaruriye ubutegetsi bwa Alijeriya kuva muri Ottomani mu 1830, maze ubutegetsi bw’Abafaransa bukwira mu majyepfo kuva muri Alijeriya bwerekeza iburasirazuba muri [[Senegali]] kugera muri Nijeri , Tchad, Mali, Sudani y'Abafaransa yari igizwe na Timbuktu (1893), Mauritania, Maroc (1912), Nigeriya, na Tuniziya (1881). Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, ubucuruzi bwambukiranya Sahara bwari bwaragabanutse kubera ko ubucuruzi bwakorwaga binyuze mu buryo bugezweho kandi bunoze, nk'indege, aho kwambuka ubutayu. <ref>Trans-Saharan Africa in World History, Ch. 6, Ralph Austin</ref> Abafaransa bifashishije urwango rumaze igihe hagati yabarabu ba Chaamba nabaTuareg. Mu 1902, Abafaransa binjiye mu misozi ya Hoggar batsinda abaTuareg mu ntambara ya Tit . Ingoma y'Abakoloni b'Abafaransa niyo yari yiganje muri Sahara. yashyizeho imiyoboro isanzwe iva i Toulouse yerekeza, i Oran no hejuru ya Hoggar kugera Timbuktu no mu Burengerazuba i [[Bamako]] na Dakar, ndetse na bisi zitwara abagenzi zambukiranya Sahara ziyobowe na companyi Transsaharienne (est. 1927). Filime idasanzwe yakozwe na Kapiteni René Wauthier uzwi cyane mu gutwara indege yerekana imodoka nini y’ikamyo yambutse sahara bwa mbere iva muri Algiers yerekeza Tchad. Igihugu cya Misiri, kiyobowe na Muhammad Ali n'abamusimbuye, bigaruriye Nubiya mu 1820-22, bashinga Khartoum mu 1823, bigarurira Darfur mu 1874. Igihugu cya Egiputa, harimo na Sudani, cyakolonijwe n'ubwongereza mu 1882. Misiri n'Ubwongereza byatakaje Sudani kuva 1882 kugeza 1898 biturutse ku ntambara ya Mahdist . Nyuma yo gufatwa n’ingabo z’Abongereza mu 1898, Sudani yabaye agakingirizo k’Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri. Espagne yigaruriye Sahara y’iburengerazuba nyuma ya 1874, nubwo Rio del Oro yayobowe na Sahrawi . Mu 1912, Ubutaliyani bwafashe ibice by'icyagombaga kwitwa Libiya muri Ottomani. Muguteza imbere idini Gatolika y’Abaroma mu butayu, Papa Piyo wa IX yohereje intumwa muri Sahara na Sudani mu 1868; nyuma mu kinyejana cya 19 ububasha bwe bwongeye guhindurwa muri Vicariate Apostolique ya Sahara . === Gusenyuka kwingoma na nyuma yaho === [[File:Libya_5101_Fozzigiaren_Arch_Tadrart_Acacus_Luca_Galuzzi_2007.jpg|thumb|Ikibuye karemano kiri mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bwa Libiya]] [[File:Hoggar_Desert_(Algerie).jpg|left|thumb|Sahara yuyu munsi]] Igihugu cya Misiri cyabonye ubwigenge ku [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] mu 1936, nubwo amasezerano y'Abongereza n'Abanyamisiri yo mu 1936 yemereye u Bwongereza kugumisha ingabo muri Egiputa no muri Sudani. Ingabo z’Ubwongereza zavanyweho mu 1954. Byinshi mu bihugu bya Sahara byabonye ubwigenge nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose : Libiya mu 1951; Maroc, Sudani, na Tuniziya mu 1956; Cadi, Mali, Moritaniya, na Nijeri mu 1960; na Alijeriya mu 1962. Espagne yavuye mu burengerazuba bwa Sahara mu 1975, maze sahara igabanywa Moritaniya na Maroc. Moritaniya yavuyemo mu 1979; Maroc niyo ikomeje kwigarurira ako karere. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibirombe byinshi hamwe n’abaturage byateye imbere kugira ngo bikoreshe umutungo kamere w’ubutayu. Harimo amafaranga yinjira avuye kuri peteroli na gazi muri Algeria na Libya, nava kuri phosphates muri Maroc na Sahara yiburengerazuba. Hashyizwe mu mushinga w'ibyigwa imihanda minini yambukiranya Africa inyuze muri Sahara , harimo umuhanda wa Cairo - Dakar ukikije inkombe ya Atalantika, Umuhanda Trans-Sahara uva Algiers ku nyanja ya Mediterane ugana i Kano muri [[Nijeriya]], Umuhanda wa Tripoli - Cape Town uva Tripoli muri Libiya werekeza i N'Djamena muri Tchad, n'umuhanda wa Cairo - Cape Town ugenda ukurikira Nili. Buri imwe muri iyi nzira nyabagendwa yaruzuye , hamwe ni ibyuho n'ibice bitarimo kaburimbo. == Abantu, umuco, n'indimi == [[File:A long line of men are marching with their hands thrust thro Wellcome V0041263.jpg|thumb|Ikinyejana cya 19 cyaranzwe nabacuruzi b'Abarabu bacuruzaga abirabura babajyana hakurya ya Sahara]] Abaturage ba Sahara bafite inkomoko zitandukanye. Twavuga nka amazigh igizwe n'abaTuareg, abarabu ba Amazigh, AbaSahrawis bavuga icyesipanyoro bafite abaturage barimo Znaga, umuryango ufite izina rikomoka ku rurimi rwa Zenaga rwa mbere yamateka . Andi matsinda akomeye yabantu arimo: Toubou, Nubians, Zaghawa, Kanuri, Hausa, Songhai, Beja, na Fula / Fulani. Imvugo zicyarabu ni indimi zivugwa cyane muri Sahara. Icyarabu, Berber nizindi indimi zizishamikiyeho zose zahurijwe hamwe ku ijambo Amazigh (rikubiyemo ururimi rwa Guanche ruvugwa n’abaturage ba mbere ba Berber batuye mu birwa bya Canary),indimi za Beja nazo ziri mu muryango wa [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|Afro-Aziya]] cyangwa [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|Hamito-Semitike]] .  Mu bihugu bya Afurika y'uburengerazuba niyo hagati ubariyemo na Sahara, bakoreshaga ururimi rw'igifaransa mu biganiro bwite no ubucuruzi bwo mu karere, abantu baho bari barafashe uwo muco wa kinyapolitike ndetse niyo bavuganaga na Tuareg na Berber. Umurage w'ubutegetsi bw'abakoloni b'Abafaransa ugaragarira cyane cyane mu ivugurura ry'ubutaka ryashyizweho na repubulika ya gatatu n'iya kane, ryateje amacakubiri ya politiki mu buryo bw'ubukorikori mu karere kitaruye kandi kegeranye. Diplomacy hamwe nabakiriya kavukire yakorwaga cyane cyane mucyarabu, akaba arirwo rurimi gakondo rwakoreshwaga no munzego z'ubuyobozi. Gukemura amakimbirane no gutumanaho hagati y’ibigo byakorwaga n’abasemuzi bagiranye amasezerano na guverinoma y’Ubufaransa, nk'uko Keenan akomeza abivuga, mu nyandiko yise "ahantu h’umuhuza w’imico itandukanye," ibi byagize uruhare runini mu kubungabunga indangamuntu gakondo z’akarere. == Ibindi wareba == * Arid Lands Amakuru Yumuyoboro * Urutonde rw'ubutayu * Urutonde rwubutayu ukurikije uturere * Neolithic Subpluvial * Ikigega cyo kubungabunga Sahara * Inyanja ya Sahara * Abashakashatsi bo muri Sahara == Aho byakuwe == {{Reflist}} == Ibitabo Byifashishijwe == * Brett, Michael; Prentess, Elizabeth (1996). The Berbers. Blackwell Publishers. * Bulliet, Richard W. (1975). The Camel and the Wheel. Harvard University Press. Republished with a new preface Columbia University Press, 1990. * Gearon, Eamonn (2011). The Sahara: A Cultural History. Signal Books (UK), Oxford University Press (US). * Julien, Charles-Andre (1970). History of North Africa: From the Arab Conquest to 1830. Praeger. * Kennedy, Hugh (1996). Muslim Spain and Portugal: A Political History of al-Andalus. Longman. * Laroui, Abdallah Laroui (1977). The History of the Maghrib: An Interpretive Essay. Princeton. * Scott, Chris (2005). Sahara Overland. Trailblazer Guides. * Wade, Lizzie (2015). "Drones and Satellites Spot Lost Civilizations in Unlikely Places". Science. doi:10.1126/science.aaa7864. == Imiyoboro == * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahara * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140805112417/http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/200701/seas.beneath.the.sands.htm Kubijyanye na Sahara munsi yubutaka] hydrology <span>no guteganya gukoresha</span> amazi [[Category:Sahara]] [[Category:Ubutayu]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] iise5tccq9wg06hys2phw154jkg24gc 0 8503 139491 112305 2026-09-23T09:54:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139491 wikitext text/x-wiki = Intangiriro = Ni kenshi mu muco nyarwanda bavuga ko ubwiza bw’umugore buterwa na nyir’ukumureba. Umunyarwanda aricara akagira ati, “ijisho ry’undi ntirikurebera umugeni”. Uburanga bw’umugore ni kimwe mu bintu benshi batavugaho rumwe. Ibi, akenshi biterwa n’uko  buhindagurika bitewe n’ibihe umuco ndetse n’umuntu ku giti cye. [[Dosiye:Woman_wearing_a_beautiful_red_kurti.jpg|thumb|uburanga bw’umugore]] Mu mico itandukanye hirya no hino ku isi banyuranya ku ngano isura n’ibara ry’uruhu umugore mwiza yagombye kuba afite. Uko iterambere rigenda ryiyongera ni ko imyumvire y’abantu yenda guhurira ku shusho n’imiterere y’umugore mwiza... Bitandukanye n’ibyo benshi bibwira,ijisho ntirigena ubwiza,ahubwo hari ibipimo by’uburanga bigenderwaho ku Isi yose. [[Dosiye:Beautiful_Subia_woman.jpg|thumb|uburanga bw’umugore]] == Ibipimo by’ingenzi by’uburanga bw’umugore == [[File:Hedy Lamarr in Let&#039;s Live a Little (1948).jpg|thumb|Umugore w'uburanga<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hedy_Lamarr_in_Let%27s_Live_a_Little_(1948).jpg</ref>|167x167px]] === Imiterere ndangagitsina ihamye. === Uburanga bujyana n’igitsina cya nyirabwo. Abagabo bakunda abagore bafite isuran’imiterere igaragaza ubugore bwabo n’abagore bagakunda abagabo bafite uburanga bwa kigabo.Abagabo benshi bakunze kwikoma abagore cyangwa abakobwa bifitemo ubugabo bakunze kwitwa ibishegabo. === Umubiri uringaniye hose. === Kugira umubiri udahengamye bigenga ubwiza. Ku bitsina byombi, ibice by’umubiri hafi ya byose bigiye biteganye  bibiri bibiri iburyo n’ibumoso iyo hagize ikitaringanira n’ikindi bibyara ubusembwa. Umwanditsi Schmidhuber avuga ko isura y’umugore mwiza ishingiye ku mashushongero(geometrical figures) n’imibare. [[File:L&#039;étang des soeurs-grises (1881) (14773083592).jpg|thumb|Umukobwa ufite umubiri uringaniye hose<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:L%27%C3%A9tang_des_soeurs-grises_(1881)_(14773083592).jpg</ref>|180x180px]] === Imiterere y’igihimba ihamye (Taille: soma taye; cyangwa Waist to Hip Ratio/WHR) === Igipimo cy’imiterere y’igihihimba cyagenywe n’umuryango w’abibumbye wita ku buzima WHO gikoreshwa hapimwa ibyo bakunze kwita taye,cyerekana niba umuntu atananutse cyane ,abyibushye cyane cyangwa atarahuye n’ubumuga. Ku mugore igipimo gisanzwe ni 0, 71 naho ku mugabo ni 0,95. Iki gipimo kigaragaza kandi ingano y’imisemburo,n’uburumbuke bw’umugore. Abahanga mu by’imibanire Rozin na Fallon bemeza ko abagore n’abakobwa bibwira ko abagabo bakunda abakobwa bananutse cyane. Aba bashakashatsi bavuga ko rimwe na rimwe baba bibeshya kuko hari benshi mu bagabo bakunda umugore wifitemo itoto ryinshi kabone nubwo yaba abyibushye. === Ubuto === Ubwiza bw’abagore bugera ku rwego ruhanitse iyo bakiri abangavu bukagenda bugabanuka uko bagenda bakura. Ibi inganda nyinshi zikora amavuta zibigenderaho cyane zamamaza zitwaje ko zifite amavuta asubiza mu bwangavu. Mu bihugu byateye imbere benshi mu bagore bakunze kwibagisha kugira ngo bisubize itotobahoranye. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mujyi wa Koreya y’amajyepfo ,Seoul ,20 % bemeye ko bibagishije ngo barusheho kuba beza. [[File:Ak55-Busy afternoon.jpg|thumb|Abakobwa b'uburanga baboha ibikapu<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ak55-Busy_afternoon.jpg</ref>|152x152px]] === Kwigirira ikizere === Umugore wigirira ikizere akakigirira n’ubwiza bwe ageraho akemeza abandi ko ari mwiza. Kwerekana ko yihagije  bigaragaza ubwisanzure ,imbaraga ze n’ibyishimo; gusa iyo abikabirije agaragara nk’umwirasi mu maso ya rubanda. [[Dosiye:Young_beautiful_woman.jpg|thumb|Ubwiza karemano ]] === Kumenya kugaragaza ibitekerezo === Ubushobozi bwo kugaragaza amarangamutima n’isura idakanga uyireba na byo bituma umugore arushaho kuba mwiza. Umugore  wumva ibitekerezo byabandi akabiha agaciro arushaho kuba mwiza. === Ubwiza karemano === Nubwo hari ibirungo byinshi bigenga ubwiza bw’abagore ,abagore beza kurusha abandi ni abatisigiriza cyane kandi ntibibabuze kuguma kuba beza. Nubwo akenshi abagabo batwarwa n’abisize cyane burya  bakunda kurushaho  uwo babona adakeneye kwisiga ngo abe mwiza. = Ishakiro = igmspooul0tjhwukcxye6kqt0osaixa 0 8528 139147 78710 2026-09-23T03:10:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139147 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flavia Tumusiime''' ni umukinnyi wa filime [[Ubugande|ukomoka]] muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], anakora kuri radiyo na televiziyo, umuhanzi urenga amajwi, emcee akaba n'umwanditsi w’iminsi 30 ya Flavia. Akora ku kiganiro cya mu gitondo (AM-PM Show) kuri radiyo 91.3 Capital FM i Kampala, uwahoze akorana na Morning @ NTV kuri NTV Uganda aho na we yikubye kabiri nk'inkuru y'amakuru kuri "NTV Iri joro" kandi ni VJ kumuyoboro O. Yakinnye nka Kamali Tenywa (uruhare runini) muri televiziyo ya Nana Kagga, Munsi Yibinyoma - Urukurikirane kuva 2014 kugeza 2016 kandi yakiriye hamwe na Guinness Football Challenge. [[Dosiye:BTN_TV_Arua.jpg|thumb|Flavia Tumusiime yakoreye televiziyo zitandukanye zirimo NTV yo muri Uganda]] == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Tumusiime yavutse mu 1989 i Kampala kandi ni umwana w'ikinege wa Enoki Tumusiime na Christine Asiimwe, bakomoka i Kabale, mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Uganda. Yize muri St Theresa Kisubi mu mashuri abanza, hanyuma yinjira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kitante Hill ku byiciro byombi "O" na "A". Nyuma yize mu ishuri ry’ubucuruzi rya kaminuza ya Makerere aho yarangirije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. == Televiziyo == Tumusiime yakoraga kuri Television kuva akiri ingimbi.Yatangiye akor kuri WBS kuri TV's teen's club, ikiganiro yakoraga nizindi ngimbi mu gihe cy'imyaka ine. Hagati ya 2010 na 2012, yakoze kuri K-files, ikindi kiganiro kuri WBS TV. Kuva 2011, yamurikiraga Guinness football challenge. Yacaga muri aired kuri NTV (Uganda) na ITV & KTN (Kenya). Mugihe kimwe, yahoze ari VJ kuri Channel O. Yanamurikiraga kandi Big Brother Africa mu 2012. [[Dosiye:Africa_Day_-_Make_a_Big_Bang_With_Irish_Aid_(7275570838).jpg|thumb|Uyu mugabo yamenyekanye cyane mu gukina filime mu gihugu ke cya Uganda.]] Flavia yinjiye muri NTV Uganda nk'icyuma cy'amakuru kuri NTV Iri joro mu 2016. Yahoze afatanya nundi gukora ikiganiro mu igitondo Morning @ NTV yatangiye mu ntangiriro za 2018. == Radiyo == Tumusiime yagize igihe gito akora nk'umunyamakuru kuri HOT100 FM mu 2006 mbere yuko atura muri Capital FM aho yahoze kugeza aya magingo. [[Dosiye:Mr.Kampala_Lubega_Godfrey.jpg|thumb|Flavien yaje kugenda akora kuma Radiyo atandukanye iwabo muri Uganda.]] == Ibihembo no kumenyekana == * Igihembo cya Young Achievers kubitangazamakuru n'itangazamakuru 2013 * Igihembo cya silver mucyiciro cyiza cyo kwerekana igitaramo cyiza cya Radio na TV 2013. * Icyitegererezo cya Teeniez mu 2013 Buzz Teeniez Awards. * Umwambaro mwiza wumugore witangazamakuru wumwaka - Abryanz Style na Fashion Awards 2015 * Umugore mwiza mubijyanye na Radio kurusha abandi - Uganda Entertainment Awards 2016 == Amashusho == === Imyiyereko kuri Television === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Televiziyo ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2018 | ''Igitondo @ NTV'' | | Umucumbitsi |- | ''NTV Iri joro'' | | Inanga |- | rowspan="3" | 2014 | ''Munsi y'ibinyoma - Urukurikirane'' | Kamali Tenywa | Uruhare runini, rwakozwe na Nana Kagga Macpherson |- | ''Yabitswe (TV Show)'' | We wenyine - Umucumbitsi | Kwakira ibyamamare kurubuga rwe |- | ''Tusker Twende Kazi'' | We wenyine - Irushanwa ryo muri Uganda | Ibyamamare |- | 2013 | ''Tusker Umushinga Wamamaye'' | We ubwe - Umucamanza | Umucamanza muri Auditions (Uganda) |} {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime / Filime ! Uruhare ! Inyandiko |- | 2010 | Kwicuza bidasubirwaho | | |- | 2008 | ''Kiwani: Filime'' | Pam | Yakinnye hamwe na Juliana Kanyomozi nkumwishywa wimiterere ye |} == Reba kandi == * Jackie Lumbasi * Gaetano Kagwa * Nana Kagga Macpherson * Natasha Sinayobye[[Dosiye:Natasha_Sinayobye_at_the_Abryanz_Style_and_Fashion_Awards.jpg|thumb|Natasha Sinayobye]] l9m3pzjqgdufl1yff7pu50dipcri5sz 0 8532 139087 134861 2026-09-23T02:30:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139087 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Empire_mansa_musa.jpeg|thumb|Empire mansa musa]] [[Dosiye:Mansa-Musa-on-his-way-to-Mecca-Credit-Print-Collector-Getty-images-1536x790.jpg|thumb|Mansa-Musa-ku-nzira-ye-i-Maka]] '''Musa I''' ( c. 1280 - c. 1337 ), cyangwa '''Mansa Musa''', yari ''Mansa wa'' cumi (bisobanurwa ngo "sultan", "umutsinzi" <ref>Lapidus, Ira M. [https://books.google.com/books?id=kFJNBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA455 ''A History of Islamic Societies'']. 3rd edn. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2014, p. 455.</ref> cyangwa "umwami w' abami" ) w'Ubwami bwa Mali, igihugu cya kisilamu cyo muri Afrika yuburengerazuba. bivugwa ko ariwe muntu wari ukize kurusha abandimuri iyo myaka. Igihe Musa yima ingoma,Igice kinini cya Mali cyari kigizwe n'ubutaka bw'icyahoze ari ubwami bwa Gana, Mali yari yarigaruriye. Ingoma ya Mali yari igizwe n'ubutaka ubu [[Moritaniya|bugize igice cya Mauritania]] na leta ya [[Mali]] yubu. Ku ngoma ye, Musa yajyize amazina atandukanye y' icyubahiroi, nka "Emir wa Melle", "Nyir'ibirombe bya Wangara", na "Uwigaruriye Ghanata". Musa yigaruriye imigi 24, hamwe n'uturere tuyikikije. Ku ngoma ya Musa, Mali ishobora kuba ari yo yari ifite zahabu nyinshi kwisi, kandi Musa yafatwaga nk'umwe mu bantu babayeho bakize mu mateka. Ariko, abanyamakuru bubu nka ''Time magazine'' bemeje ko nta gipimo cya nyacyo cyo kubara ubutunzi bwa Musa. Muri rusange Musa azwi nka "Mansa Musa" mu nyandiko n'ibitabobyanditswe nabo muburengerazuba bwisi. Izina rye kandi rigaragara nka "Kankou Musa", "Kankan Musa", na "Kanku Musa". Andi mazina yakoreshejwe kuri Musa arimo "Mali-Koy Kankan Musa", "Gonga Musa", na "the lion of Mali". Yari umurinzi wa siyansi, ubuhanzi, ubuvanganzo n'ubwubatsi kandi ubwami bwateye imbere mu muco ku ngoma ye. == Ibisekuruza no gusimburana ku ngoma == [[File:Genealogy_kings_Mali_Empire.svg|right|thumb|350x350px|Ibisekuru by'abami b'ingoma ya Mali bishingiye ku nyandiko za Ibin Khaldun [15]]] Ibizwi ku bami b'ingoma ya Mali byakuwe mu nyandiko z'intiti z'Abarabu, barimo Al-Umari, Abu-sa'id Uthman ad-Dukkali, Ibin Khaldun, na Ibin Battuta .Kubwa Ibin-Khaldun amateka yumvikana yabami ba Mali, sekuru wa Mansa Musa yari Abu-Bakr Keita (bihwanye na Bakari cyangwa Bogari mu [[Icyarabu|cyarabu]], ntabwo ari sahabiyy Abu Bakr ), mwishywa wa Sundiata Keita, washinze Ingoma ya Mali nkuko byaherekanwe mumateka nyemvugo. Abu-Bakr ntabwo yimye ingoma, kandi umuhungu we, se wa Musa, Faga Laye, nta kintu kinini yakoze mu mateka ya Mali. Mansa Musa yaje ku ntebe y'ubwami binyuze mu nzira yo gushyiraho uhagararira umwami yagiye mu rugendo rutagatifu i Maka cyangwa mu kindi gikorwa runaka,nyuma aza kujyirwa uzasimbura umwami. Kubw' amakuru amwe, Musa yagizwe uhagararira Abubakari Keita II, umwami yasimbuye, bivugwa ko yari yatangiye urugendo rwo gushakisha impera z’inyanja ya Atalantika, kandi ntiyigeze agaruka. Intiti y'Abarabu y' umunyamisiri Al-Umari <ref>Al-Umari 1927, ''Masalik al Absar fi Mamalik el-Amsar'', French translation by Gaudefroy-Demombynes, Paris, Paul Geuthner, 1927, pp. 59, 74–75. See also Qalqashandi, ''Subh al-A'sha, V'', 294.</ref> yasubiyemo Mansa Musa mu buryo bukurikira:<blockquote>Umutegetsi wambanjirije ntabwo yizeraga ko bidashoboka kugera ku nyanja ikikije isi (bisobanura Atlantike), kandi yashakaga kugera ku mpera zayo kandi akomeza gutsimbarara ku gishushanyo mbonera. Yujuje rero amato magana abiri abantu, andi ayuzuza zahabu, amazi n ibiryo bihagije mumyaka myinshi. Yategetse umutware (admiral) kutazagaruka kugeza bageze ku mpera z' inyanja, cyangwa bamaze ibyokurya n'amazi. Barajyiye. Bamaze igihe kirekire barabuze, nyuma, ubwato bumwe gusa nibwo bwagarutse. Ku kibazo twabajije, kapiteni yagize ati: 'Gikomangoma, twagenze igihe kirekire, kugeza igihe twabonye hagati munyanja nk'aho uruzi runini rutemba bikabije. Ubwato bwanjye bwari ubwa nyuma; abandi bari imbere yanjye. Uwabaga akigera aho hantu wese , yararohamye ubutagaruka. Nafashe ubwato nsubira inyuma kugira ngo mpunge uyu muhengeri. ' Ariko Sultan ntiyamwizeye. Yategetse amato ibihumbi bibiri kugira ngo amukorere hamwe n'abantu be, n'ibindi byinshi biriomo amazi n'ibiryo. Hanyuma ansigira ububasha igihe adahari, maze ajyana n'abantu be mu rugendo rw'inyanja, ubutagaruka cyangwa ngo atange ikimenyetso cy'ubuzima. </blockquote>Umuhungu wa Musa n'umusimbura, Mansa Magha Keita, na we yagizwe umwungirije mu gihe cy'urugendo rwa Musa. == Islamu n' urugendo rutagat i Maka == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=From the far reaches of the [[Mediterranean Sea]] to the [[Indus River]], the faithful approached the city of Mecca. All had the same objective to worship together at the most sacred shrine of [[Islam]], the [[Kaaba]] in Mecca. One such traveler was Mansa Musa, [[Sultan]] of [[Mali]] in Western Africa. Mansa Musa had prepared carefully for the long journey he and his attendants would take. He was determined to travel not only for his own religious fulfillment but also for recruiting teachers and leaders so that his realms could learn more of the [[Muhammad|Prophet]]'s teachings.|source=–Mahmud Kati, ''Chronicle of the Seeker''}}Musa yari Umuyisilamu w' ukuri, kandi urugendo rwe i Maka rwamenyekanye cyane muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Kuri Musa, Islamu yari "ukwinjira mu muco wo mu burasirazuba bwa Mediterane". Yamaraga umwanya munini ateza imbere idini mu bwami bwe. Musa yakoze urugendo rwe hagati ya 1324 na 1325. Urugendo rwe ngo rwarimo abagabo 60.000, bose bambaye ikoze muri brocade nu budodo bwo muri perese, barimo abacakara 12.000, buri wese yatwaye 1.8 kg  cya zahabu, n'abashumba bambaye imyenda y' ubudodo, bitwaje inkoni za zahabu, amafarashi ari kuri gahunda n Ibikapu mu ntoki. Musa yatanze ibikenewe byose muri uwo mutambagiro, agaburira abantu bose ninyamaswa. Izo nyamaswa zarimo [[ingamiya]] 80 buri imwe yatwaraga 23–136 kg bya zahabu. Musa yahaye zahabu abakene yahuye nabo mu nzira. Musa ntabwo yahaye imijyi yanyuzemo mu nzira ijya i Maka gusa, harimo na Cairo na Madina, ahubwo yanagurishije zahabu nkurwibutso. Bivugwa ko buri wa gatanu yubakaga umusigiti. Urugendo rwa Musa rwanditswe nababyiboneye benshi mu nzira yacagamo, batangajwe n' ubutunzi bwe n’umutambagiro muremure, kandi izi nyandiko zituruka ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ibinyamakuru, inkuru zo mu kanwa, n'amateka. Birazwi ko Musa yasuye sultan wa Mamluk wo muri Egiputa, Al-Nasir Muhammad, muri Nyakanga 1324. Kubera kamere ye yo gutanga, kubera gutagaguza cyane no kujyira ubuntu bwinshi kwa Musa byateje igwa ryagaciro ka zahabu mu jyihe cy' imyaka 10. Mu mijyi ya Cairo, Madina, na Maka, iyinjira rya zahabu ku bwinshi ritunguranye ryatumye ita agaciro cyane. Ibiciro byibicuruzwa nibicuruzwa byarazamutse cyane. Iri kosa Musa yararibonye maze agarutse avuye i Maka, yaka inguzanyo ya zahabu zose yashoboraga gutwara kubazitzngaga i Cairo ku nyungu yohejuru. Iki nicyo gihe cyonyine cyanditswe mumateka umugabo umwe yagenzuye igiciro cya zahabu muri Mediterane. Bamwe mu bahanga mu by'amateka  bizera ko Hija yakoze ahanini yari igamije kumenyekanisha igihugu cye cya Mali aho kuba yari ishingiye kukwemera cyane. Kurema ihungabana ry' ubukungu bene ako kajyeni bishobora kuba byarakozwe kubushake. N'ubundi kandi, Cairo niyo yari kwisonga mu gucuruza zahabuyari (aho abantu bajyaga kugurayo zahabu nyinshi). Kugirango bimurire ayo masoko muri Timbuktu cyangwa Gao, Musa yagombaga kubanza kwica isoko rya zahabu muri Cairo. Musa yatanze isomo rikomeye ubwo yerekanaga ubutunzi bwigihugu cye. Intego ye yari iyo guteza akajagari kandi yaratsinze cyane muri ibi, ku buryo yishyize hamwe na Mali kuri kwikarita ya catalan yo mu 1375. == Ingoma yakurikiyeho == {{quote box|width=25%|quote=Whenever a hero adds to the list of his exploits from conquest, Mansa Musa gives them a pair of wide trousers...The greater the number of a Dogari's exploits, the bigger the size of his trousers.|source=–Al-Dukhari, observation of the court of Mansa Musa in [[Timbuktu]]<ref>{{cite web |last=Mendoza |first=Ruben G |url=https://csumb.academia.edu/RubenMendoza/Papers/318194/West_African_Empires_Dates_400-1591_C.E |title=Academia.edu &#124; West African Empires, Dates: 400–1591 C. E. &#124; Ruben G. Mendoza |publisher=Csumb.academia.edu |date= |accessdate=17 October 2012 |archive-date=18 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418013107/https://www.academia.edu/353292/West_African_Empires_Dates_400_1591_C_E |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}Mu rugendo rurerure rwe rwo kugaruka avuye i Maka mu 1325, Musa yumvise amakuru avuga ko ingabo ze zafashe Gao. Sagmandia, umwe mu bajenerali be, yayoboye icyo gikorwa. Umujyi wa Gao wari mu bwami kuva mbere yingoma ya Sakura kandi wari uwagaciro ku bucuruzi bw' inyeshyamba. Musa yasubiye inyuma asura umujyi aho yacyiriye agafata bugwate, abahungu bombi b'umwami wa Gao, Ali Kolon na Suleiman Nar. Yagarutse i Niani ari kumwe n'abahungu bombi nyuma abigishiriza mu rukiko rwe. Mansa Musa agarutse, yagarukanye intiti nyinshi n’abarabu nabubatsi. === Ubwubatsi muri Mali === Musa yatangiye gahunda nini yo kubaka, azamura imisigiti na madrase muri Timbuktu na Gao. Izwi cyane, ikigo cya kera cyo kwiga Sankore Madrasah (cyangwa kaminuza ya Sankore) cyubatswe ku ngoma ye. I Niani, Musa yubatse Inzu yo kwakiriramo abaturage be, inyubako yahuraga n'umuryango w'imbere ugana ibwami. Yari "Inyubak yagatangaza", yari fite agasongero kuruziga rutasteho imirongo ya cyarabu yamabara meza. Amadirishya yimbaho yamagorofa yo hejuru yashizwemo ifeza; iz'amagorofa yo hasi ashyirwaho zahabu. Kimwe n'umusigiti munini, inyubako igezweho kandi ikomeye muri Timbuktu, Inzu yubatswe n'amabuye. Muri kiriya gihe, hari urwego rwateye imbere rwimijyi mu bice bikuru bya Mali. Sergio Domian, intiti mu byubujyeni n’ubwubatsi wumu Butaliyani, yanditse kuri icyo gihe: "Nguko uko hashyizweho urufatiro rw’umuco wo mu mijyi. Kugasongero kubuhangange bwayo, Mali yari ifite nibura imigi 400, kandi imbere muri Delta ya [[Nijeriya|Nigeriya]] yari ituwe cyane. " [[File:Djingareiber_cour.jpg|thumb|[[Umusigiti wa Djinguereber]], washinzwe na Mansa Musa mu 1327]] === Ubukungu n'uburezi === Byanditswe ko Mansa Musa yazengurutse imigi ya Timbuktu na Gao yerekeza i Maka, maze abagira igice cy'ingoma ye ubwo yagarukaga ahagana mu 1325. Yazanye abubatsi baturutse muri Andalusiya, agace ko muri Espanye, na Cairo kugira ngo bubake ingoro ye nini i Timbuktu [[Umusigiti wa Djinguereber|n'umusigiti]] ukomeye wa [[Umusigiti wa Djinguereber|Djinguereber na]] n'ubu ujyihari. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 70.</ref> Timbuktu yahise ihinduka icyanya cy'ubucuruzi, umuco, n'ubuyisilamu; amasoko yazanye abacuruzi baturutse muri Hausaland, mu Misiri, no mu bundi bwami bwa Afurika, hashyizweho kaminuza muri uyu mujyi (ndetse no mu mijyi ya Djenné na Ségou ), kandi Islamu yakwirakwijwe mu masoko na kaminuza, byagize Timbuktu agace gashya kabahabwaga inkuga zo kwiga ubuyisilamu. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, p. 74.</ref> Amakuru y’umujyi w’ubutunzi bw’ingoma ya Mali yambutse inyanja ya Mediterane yerekeza mu majyepfo y’[[Burayi|Uburayi]], aho abacuruzi baturutse muri Venise, Granada, na Genoa bidatinze bongera Timbuktu ku ikarita yabo kugira ngo bacuruze ibikoresho mo zahabu. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 87–88.</ref> Kaminuza ya Sankore muri Timbuktu yagaruwe ku ngoma ya Musa hamwe n'abahanga mu by'amategeko, abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere, n'imibare. Iyi kaminuza yabaye ikigo cy’imyigire n’umuco, ikurura intiti z’abayisilamu baturutse muri Afurika no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati i Timbuktu. Mu 1330, ubwami bwa Mossi bwateye kandi bwigarurira umujyi wa Timbuktu. Gao yari yaraamaze gufatwa n'umujenerali wa Musa, maze Musa ahita agarura Timbuktu, yubaka urukuta rw'amabuye, maze ashyiraho ingabo zihagaze kugira ngo arinde umujyi abawutera. <ref>De Villiers and Hirtle, pp. 80–81.</ref> Mu gihe ingoro ya Musa yazimye, kaminuza n'umusigiti biracyahagaze i Timbuktu. Ku mpera z' ingoma ya Mansa Musa, kaminuza ya Sankoré yari yarahindutse kaminuza ifite abakozi benshi, ifite ibitabo byinshi muri Afurika kuva kw' Isomero rya Alegizandiriya. Kaminuza ya Sankoré yari ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abanyeshuri 25.000 kandi ifite imwe mu masomero manini ku isi ifite inyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zigera ku 1.000.000. <ref>See: Said Hamdun & Noël King (edds.), ''Ibn Battuta in Black Africa.'' London, 1975, pp. 52–53.</ref> == Urupfu == [[File:The_Mali_Empire.jpg|thumb|Ingoma ya Mali igihe Mansa Musa yapfaga.]] Itariki y'urupfu rwa Mansa Musa iracyashidikanwaho cyane mu banyamateka ba none n'intiti z'Abarabu banditse amateka ya Mali. Ugereranije n'ingoma z'abamusimbuye, umuhungu we Mansa Maghan (amategeko yanditse ko yayoboye kuva mu 1337 kugeza mu wa 1341) na mukuru we Mansa Suleyman (wayoboye kuva mu 1341 kugeza mu wa 1360), nibyanditse mu myaka 25 y'ubutegetsi bwa Musa, itariki yabazwe y'urupfu ni 1337. Izindi nyandiko zivuga ko Musa yateguye kuva ku ngoma akayisigira umuhungu we Maghan, ariko apfa nyuma gato yo kuva i Maka mu 1325. Dukurikije inkuru yanditswe na Ibin-Khaldun, Mansa Musa yari muzima igihe umujyi wa Tlemcen muri Alijeriya watsindwaga mu 1337, kuko yohereje umuhagarariye muri Alijeriya gushimira abatsinze. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ibitabo == * Bell, Nawal Morcos (1972), "The age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in succession and chronology", Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amateka nyafurika, 5 (2): 221-24, doi : 10.2307 / 217515, JSTOR 217515ll, Nawal Morcos (1972), "The age of Mansa Musa of Mali: Problems in succession and chronology", Ikinyamakuru mpuzamahanga cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amateka nyafurika, 5 (2): 221-24, doi : 10.2307 / 217515, JSTOR 217515 . * De Villiers, Marq, na Sheila Hirtle. ''Timbuktu: Umujyi wa Zahabu wa Sahara''. Kugenda na Sosiyete: New York. 2007. * Goodwin, A. J .H. (1957), "The Medieval Empire of Ghana", Amatangazo ya kera yo muri Afurika y'Epfo, 12 (47): 108–112, doi : 10.2307 / 3886971, JSTOR 3886971 . * Hunwick, John O. (1999), Timbuktu n'Ingoma ya Songhay: Tarikh al-Sudani ya Al-Sadi kugeza mu 1613 hamwe n'izindi nyandiko z'iki gihe, Leiden: Brill, ISBN <bdi>Hunwick, John O.</bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1963), "Abami bo mu kinyejana cya cumi na gatatu na cumi na kane bo muri Mali", Ikinyamakuru cy’amateka nyafurika, 4 (3): 341–353, doi : 10.1017 / s002185370000428x, JSTOR 180027 . * Levtzion, Nehemia (1973), Gana ya kera na Mali, London: Methuen, ISBN <bdi>Levtzion, Nehemia (1973),</bdi> . * Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000), Corpus ya kare Arabic Amakuru Afurika West, New York, NY: Marcus Weiner Press, ISBN <bdi>Levtzion, Nehemia; John F. P. Hopkins, eds. (2000),</bdi> . Yatangajwe bwa mbere mu 1981. == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.ancient.eu/Mansa_Musa_I/ Ancient History Encyclopedia – Mansa Musa I.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html History Channel: Mansa Moussa: Pilgrimage of Gold] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100210111328/http://www.history.com/classroom/unesco/timbuktu/mansamoussa.html History Channel: Mansa Moussa: Pilgrimage of Gold] {{s-start}} {{s-reg}} {{succession box|title=[[Mansa of the Mali Empire]]|before=[[Abubakari II]]|after=[[Maghan]]|years=1312–1337}} {{s-end}} [[Category:Amateka ya Mali]] [[Category:Zahabu ya africa]] [[Category:Ubuyisilamu muri africa]] [[Category:Ingoma zo muri afurica]] [[Category:Abami muri afurika]] [[Category:Ubukungu bwa afurika]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] p514kz3oeehnx6d1fhj0n30ebkrputs 0 8535 139097 108425 2026-09-23T02:31:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139097 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Water_samples_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ishusho yerekana ubwuzuzanye hagati yumugabo numugore]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2018, igihugu cy'Afurika cy'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] kiza mu bihugu 5 bya mbere mu '''buringanire'''. Igitekerezo cy'uburinganire bwiganje muri iki gihugu cyavutse nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] yabaye mu 1994. Leta yiyemeje kubungabunga uburenganzira bungana bwabagore n'abagabo bitabangamiye amahame y'uburinganire no kuzuzanya mu iterambere ry'igihugu. Ibi bitekerezo bigaragazwa binyuze mu ruhare rw’abagore b’u Rwanda muri guverinoma, kubahiriza uburezi bw’umugore n’uruhare rw’umugore mu buvuzi bw’u Rwanda. Iki gihugu kandi cyafashe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri jenoside, rishyiraho gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu nyuma y'Umwanzuro w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye 1325, kandi uharanira ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rirangira. == Uburinganire muri guverinoma yu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Intore_zi_irwanda.jpg|thumb|Uburinga mu mirimo kubitsina byombi]] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizweho kugira nibura 30 ku ijana [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|by'abadepite]] babe abagore. Mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya 80, abanyamuryango 46 bari igitsina gore mu 2003. Muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, harimo Minisiteri y'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura uburinganire, ndetse no kwiyemeza ingengo y’imari ishingiye ku gitsina iteza imbere uburinganire. Guverinoma ishyigikiye gahunda nka Women for Women International Rwanda, yibanda ku bagore b'igihugu kwigenga mu bukungu. Guverinoma kandi yateje imbere uburinganire mu Rwanda ikoresheje Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango. Mu mpinduka imwe ikomeye, abagore bahawe uburenganzira bumwe n’abagabo bwo kuzungura ubutaka no mu bindi bintu nko mu myanya imwe n'imwe ya leta, mu gisirikare, no mu burezi. == Gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside == [[File:Godelieve_Mukasarasi_colored.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi]] Gufata ku ngufu byakoreshejwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] n’abagabo b’Abahutu kugira ngo babone imbaraga no kugenzura abagore b’abatutsi. Iki gikorwa ndetse cyatewe inkunga n'abayobozi nk'intwaro y'intambara. Minisitiri w’abahutu w’umuryango n’ibibazo by’umugore mu Rwanda, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, yashishikarije abagabo b’Abahutu mu kuboneza urubyaro hagamijwe gufata ku ngufu. Mu magambo ya Nyiramasuhuko yagize ati: "Mbere yo kwica abo bagore, ugomba kubasambanya ku gahato." Umuryango w’abibumbye uvuga ko abagore bagera ku 250.000 kugeza 500.000 bafashwe ku ngufu mu gihe cya jenoside. Iyi mibare irashobora kuba yoroheje mugihe urebye ipfunwe rishingiye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu Rwanda. Igihe u Rwanda rwatangiraga gutunganya ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cya jenoside, amategeko y'u Rwanda yashyize mu majwi gufata ku ngufu nk'icyaha cya kane. Iki cyiciro gisa nuburemere bwo kwiba umutungo, utitaye ku ihungabana rikomeye aba bagore bashobora kuba bafite. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage Godeliève Mukasarasi yamenye ako karengane maze akoranya abarokotse ku ngufu muri jenoside kugira ngo batange ubuhamya bwabo mu Nteko. Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byemereye abadepite kubona ubukana bwo gufata ku ngufu mu ntambara na jenoside. Abashingamateka bo mu Rwanda bahinduye iki gikorwa mu mategeko ya jenoside bava mu cyiciro cya kane bagihindura icyaha cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere. Icyiciro cya mbere kingana no kwica umuntu kugirango akomeze impamvu za jenoside. Kwemeza ko gufata ku ngufu ari intwaro muri jenoside bishimangira iterambere ry’igihugu mu buringanire. Godelieve Mukasarasi yatangije kandi gahunda yiswe SEVOTA yo gufasha abagore n'abana bagezweho ningaruka zo gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside binyuze mu ihahamuka. SEVOTA isobanura Ubufatanye bwo Kubabara kw'abapfakazi n'imfubyi bigamije Akazi no Kwiteza imbere. Porogaramu ye ikoresha ubuhanzi nubusabane bwitsinda rito kugirango ifashe abagore nabana gusangira ubunararibonye no guca ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Iyi gahunda kandi ifasha gushyiraho umubano hagati yabana bavutse kubera gufatwa kungufu muri jenoside na ba nyina. SEVOTA iha abategarugori n’abacitse ku icumu ibikoresho byo kuvuga ku ngufu n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ikora kugira ngo ikureho isoni z’abaturage no kuzana imbaraga. == Umwanzuro w’umuryango w’abibumbye 1325 mu Rwanda == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wasohoye Icyemezo 1325 mu 2000 kugira ngo hemezwe ubwitange bwabo ku buringanire mpuzamahanga. Iyi nyandiko yakozwe nyuma y’amahano ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda kandi yibanda ku buryo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare mu makimbirane. Umwanzuro 1325 werekana cyane cyane uburyo ihohoterwa nka jenoside ribabaza cyane abagore n’abana. Aba bagore baba mu bihugu birimo amakimbirane nabo bagomba kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhosha umutekano. Umwanzuro urasobanura uburyo abagore bakeneye kugira ijambo rigaragara muri guverinoma zabo, bakwiriye kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu, bakeneye kurengerwa n’amategeko ku bitero bishingiye ku gitsina, kandi bagomba guhabwa uruhare muri gahunda z’ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa Icyemezo 1325 binyuze muri gahunda z’igihugu ziyemeje guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. U Rwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa umwanzuro 1325 mu mwaka wa 2010 hagamijwe guca ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu yanakoze ku mibanire y'abagabo n'abagore nyuma ya jenoside no kubyara ubukungu burambye ku bagore mu gihugu hose. Hariho ugushidikanya ku buryo Umwanzuro 1325 ugira ingaruka ku bagore baba mu turere tutishora muri politiki izwi cyane. Intsinzi yapimwe muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ntabwo yagize ibisubizo bifatika bifitanye isano nicyemezo. == Iterambere ry'uburezi == U Rwanda rwateje imbere uburezi bw'abakobwa kuva jenoside yabaye. Mu 2004, Task Force ishinzwe uburezi bw’abakobwa (GETF) yashinzwe muri minisiteri y’uburezi hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi ku bakobwa bakiri bato. Hashyizweho gahunda zo gufasha kwigisha abagore bashobora kuba barigeze kuba barangije amashuri kandi bikabemerera kwiga amashuri bangiwe. Izi gahunda zuburinganire mu burezi ntabwo ari iz'abakobwa gusa nubwo; gahunda zashyizwe mu bikorwa zemerera abahungu n’abakobwa kuganira ku burezi bw’umugore. Ikigo cya Aikiah nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’abagore bose mu Rwanda kandi gishyigikira uburinganire hagati y’uburinganire bw'umugore n’umugabo "bategura abanyeshuri babo kuba ejo hazaza h’igihugu." == Uburinganire hagati yuburinganire nubuvuzi == U Rwanda rwagize impinduka nyinshi mu guteza imbere uburinganire kuri bose, hamwe n’icyiciro kimwe bakoze kugira ngo bateze imbere ubuvuzi. Malariya, agakoko gatera SIDA na kolera byigeze kugaragara mu Rwanda. Icyakora, kuva itsembabwoko ryabaye mu 1994, u Rwanda rukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bishoboke. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yafatanije na Harvard's Public In Health ndetse n'umuvugizi w’ubuzima ku isi Paul Farmer. Hamwe niyi nkunga, guverinoma yu Rwanda yongeye gushyiraho gahunda y’ubuzima. Guteza imbere ubuzima bw’umugore byayobowe na minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]]. Binagwaho yashimangiye uburinganire muri gahunda y’ubuzima aharanira ko abakobwa bakiri bato bahabwa urukingo rwa HPV Byongeye kandi, u Rwanda rumwe rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruyobora amatsinda y’ibiganiro ku buzima bw’imyororokere ndetse no kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo bigishe abagore bo muri kaminuza ibijyanye n’ubuzima. == Kurangiza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina == N'ubwo u Rwanda rwemeje itegeko ku gufatwa ku ngufu kwabashakanye mu 2009, haracyari akazi ko guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu gihugu. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, 21 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe cy’amezi 12. Iyi mibare iracyari intambwe nini kuva igihe umubare munini wabagore bafashwe kungufu mugihe cya jenoside. Hashyizweho imiryango nk’Urugaga rw’Abagore mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gufasha kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na BioMed Central burasesengura igipimo cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside, cyane cyane mu myaka ya 2005 na 2010. Muri iki gihe, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina risobanurwa nk’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri, amarangamutima, imitekerereze, cyangwa igitsina mu mibanire. Nk’uko bitangazwa na BioMed Central, 34 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bavuga ko bari bafitanye umubano kandi bakarokoka ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu 2005. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera kuri 56 ku ijana mu 2010. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no kugabanya agasuzuguro ku bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda. Abagore bumva bamerewe neza mugihe basangira ibyababayeho. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi ba politiki b’abagore biyongereye cyane nyuma ya jenoside yabaye mu 2003, bivuguruza uruhare rw’uburinganire mu gihugu hose. BioMed Central yasanze kandi umubare w’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa ryashoboraga kwiyongera bitewe n’umubare ugaragara w’abagore bakomeye muri societe yu Rwanda. Izi nyigisho zombi zerekana ihinduka rito mu mahame mbonezamubano yerekeye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo mu mashami muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda, Kigali, kaminuza ya Umeå, Suwede, na kaminuza ya Gothenburg, muri Suwede, bwakoze iperereza ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa ba hafi mu Rwanda. Aya makuru yerekana ko nubwo leta yu Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa, amahame mbonezamubano ku bagore yari agihuye n’inshingano gakondo zishingiye ku gitsina. Izi ngingo zinyuranye zagize ingaruka ku buryo abagore bakoresha umutungo igihe bahuye n’ihohoterwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kurandura burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, impinduka zigomba kuva mu muryango w’u Rwanda kimwe na politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa. == Guteza imbere uburinganire == Abagore bo mu Rwanda na bo bagiye gukora kugira ngo icyuho cy’imishahara gishingiye ku gitsina kiveho. Mu 2018, Abanyarwanda binjiza amafaranga mirongo inani n'umunani ugereranyije n'idorari ry'umugabo, Ibi bigashyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 25 mu buringanire bw’ubukungu hagati y’uburinganire. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bf85ew57uaubueimoce5ktu1de3hrem 0 8536 139098 133120 2026-09-23T02:31:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139098 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Water_samples_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ishusho yerekana ubwuzuzanye hagati yumugabo numugore]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda_banana.jpg|thumb|Uburinganire mu bucuruzi ]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2018, igihugu cy'Afurika cy'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] kiza mu bihugu 5 bya mbere mu '''buringanire'''. Igitekerezo cy'uburinganire bwiganje muri iki gihugu cyavutse nyuma ya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] yabaye mu 1994. Leta yiyemeje kubungabunga uburenganzira bungana bwabagore n'abagabo bitabangamiye amahame y'uburinganire no kuzuzanya mu iterambere ry'igihugu. Ibi bitekerezo bigaragazwa binyuze mu ruhare rw’abagore b’u Rwanda muri guverinoma, kubahiriza uburezi bw’umugore n’uruhare rw’umugore mu buvuzi bw’u Rwanda. Iki gihugu kandi cyafashe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri jenoside, rishyiraho gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu nyuma y'Umwanzuro w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye 1325, kandi uharanira ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rirangira. [[Dosiye:Abagore_bavuye_gutashya.jpg|thumb|Abagore]] == Uburinganire muri guverinoma yu Rwanda == Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizweho kugira nibura 30 ku ijana [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|by'abadepite]] babe [[Umugore|abagore]]. Mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya 80, abanyamuryango 46 bari igitsina gore mu 2003. Muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, harimo Minisiteri y'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura uburinganire, ndetse no kwiyemeza ingengo y’imari ishingiye ku gitsina iteza imbere uburinganire. Guverinoma ishyigikiye gahunda nka Women for Women International Rwanda, yibanda ku bagore b'igihugu kwigenga mu bukungu. Guverinoma kandi yateje imbere uburinganire mu Rwanda ikoresheje Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango. Mu mpinduka imwe ikomeye, abagore bahawe uburenganzira bumwe n’abagabo bwo kuzungura ubutaka no mu bindi bintu nko mu myanya imwe n'imwe ya leta, mu gisirikare, no mu burezi. == Gufatwa ku ngufu muri Jenoside == [[File:Godelieve_Mukasarasi_colored.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi]] Gufata ku ngufu byakoreshejwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] n’abagabo b’Abahutu kugira ngo babone imbaraga no kugenzura abagore b’abatutsi. Iki gikorwa ndetse cyatewe inkunga n'abayobozi nk'intwaro y'intambara. Minisitiri w’abahutu w’umuryango n’ibibazo by’umugore mu Rwanda, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, yashishikarije abagabo b’Abahutu mu kuboneza urubyaro hagamijwe gufata ku ngufu. Mu magambo ya Nyiramasuhuko yagize ati: "Mbere yo kwica abo bagore, ugomba kubasambanya ku gahato." Umuryango w’abibumbye uvuga ko abagore bagera ku 250.000 kugeza 500.000 bafashwe ku ngufu mu gihe cya jenoside. Iyi mibare irashobora kuba yoroheje mugihe urebye ipfunwe rishingiye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu Rwanda. Igihe u Rwanda rwatangiraga gutunganya ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cya jenoside, amategeko y'u Rwanda yashyize mu majwi gufata ku ngufu nk'icyaha cya kane. Iki cyiciro gisa nuburemere bwo kwiba umutungo, utitaye ku ihungabana rikomeye aba bagore bashobora kuba bafite. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage Godeliève Mukasarasi yamenye ako karengane maze akoranya abarokotse ku ngufu muri jenoside kugira ngo batange ubuhamya bwabo mu Nteko. Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byemereye abadepite kubona ubukana bwo gufata ku ngufu mu ntambara na jenoside. Abashingamateka bo mu Rwanda bahinduye iki gikorwa mu mategeko ya jenoside bava mu cyiciro cya kane bagihindura icyaha cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere. Icyiciro cya mbere kingana no kwica umuntu kugirango akomeze impamvu za jenoside. Kwemeza ko gufata ku ngufu ari intwaro muri jenoside bishimangira iterambere ry’igihugu mu buringanire. Godelieve Mukasarasi yatangije kandi gahunda yiswe SEVOTA yo gufasha abagore n'abana bagezweho ningaruka zo gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside binyuze mu ihahamuka. SEVOTA isobanura Ubufatanye bwo Kubabara kw'abapfakazi n'imfubyi bigamije Akazi no Kwiteza imbere. Porogaramu ye ikoresha ubuhanzi nubusabane bwitsinda rito kugirango ifashe abagore nabana gusangira ubunararibonye no guca ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Iyi gahunda kandi ifasha gushyiraho umubano hagati yabana bavutse kubera gufatwa kungufu muri jenoside na ba nyina. SEVOTA iha abategarugori n’abacitse ku icumu ibikoresho byo kuvuga ku ngufu n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ikora kugira ngo ikureho isoni z’abaturage no kuzana imbaraga. == Umwanzuro w’umuryango w’abibumbye 1325 mu Rwanda == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wasohoye Icyemezo 1325 mu 2000 kugira ngo hemezwe ubwitange bwabo ku buringanire mpuzamahanga. Iyi nyandiko yakozwe nyuma y’amahano ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda kandi yibanda ku buryo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare mu makimbirane. Umwanzuro 1325 werekana cyane cyane uburyo ihohoterwa nka jenoside ribabaza cyane abagore n’abana. Aba bagore baba mu bihugu birimo amakimbirane nabo bagomba kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhosha umutekano. Umwanzuro urasobanura uburyo abagore bakeneye kugira ijambo rigaragara muri guverinoma zabo, bakwiriye kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu, bakeneye kurengerwa n’amategeko ku bitero bishingiye ku gitsina, kandi bagomba guhabwa uruhare muri gahunda z’ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa Icyemezo 1325 binyuze muri gahunda z’igihugu ziyemeje guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. U Rwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa umwanzuro 1325 mu mwaka wa 2010 hagamijwe guca ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu yanakoze ku mibanire y'abagabo n'abagore nyuma ya jenoside no kubyara ubukungu burambye ku bagore mu gihugu hose. Hariho ugushidikanya ku buryo Umwanzuro 1325 ugira ingaruka ku bagore baba mu turere tutishora muri politiki izwi cyane. Intsinzi yapimwe muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ntabwo yagize ibisubizo bifatika bifitanye isano nicyemezo. == Iterambere ry'uburezi == U Rwanda rwateje imbere uburezi bw'abakobwa kuva jenoside yabaye. Mu 2004, Task Force ishinzwe uburezi bw’abakobwa (GETF) yashinzwe muri minisiteri y’uburezi hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi ku bakobwa bakiri bato. Hashyizweho gahunda zo gufasha kwigisha abagore bashobora kuba barigeze kuba barangije amashuri kandi bikabemerera kwiga amashuri bangiwe. Izi gahunda zuburinganire mu burezi ntabwo ari iz'abakobwa gusa nubwo; gahunda zashyizwe mu bikorwa zemerera abahungu n’abakobwa kuganira ku burezi bw’umugore. Ikigo cya Aikiah nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’abagore bose mu Rwanda kandi gishyigikira uburinganire hagati y’uburinganire bw'umugore n’umugabo "bategura abanyeshuri babo kuba ejo hazaza h’igihugu." == Uburinganire hagati yuburinganire nubuvuzi == U Rwanda rwagize impinduka nyinshi mu guteza imbere uburinganire kuri bose, hamwe n’icyiciro kimwe bakoze kugira ngo bateze imbere ubuvuzi. Malariya, agakoko gatera SIDA na kolera byigeze kugaragara mu Rwanda. Icyakora, kuva itsembabwoko ryabaye mu 1994, u Rwanda rukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bishoboke. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yafatanije na Harvard's Public In Health ndetse n'umuvugizi w’ubuzima ku isi Paul Farmer. Hamwe niyi nkunga, guverinoma yu Rwanda yongeye gushyiraho gahunda y’ubuzima. Guteza imbere ubuzima bw’umugore byayobowe na minisitiri w’[[Ubuzima Mu Rwanda|ubuzima mu Rwanda]], [[Agnes Binagwaho]]. Binagwaho yashimangiye uburinganire muri gahunda y’ubuzima aharanira ko abakobwa bakiri bato bahabwa urukingo rwa HPV Byongeye kandi, u Rwanda rumwe rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruyobora amatsinda y’ibiganiro ku buzima bw’imyororokere ndetse no kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo bigishe abagore bo muri kaminuza ibijyanye n’ubuzima. == Kurangiza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina == N'ubwo u Rwanda rwemeje itegeko ku gufatwa ku ngufu kwabashakanye mu 2009, haracyari akazi ko guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu gihugu. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, 21 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe cy’amezi 12. Iyi mibare iracyari intambwe nini kuva igihe umubare munini wabagore bafashwe kungufu mugihe cya jenoside. Hashyizweho imiryango nk’Urugaga rw’Abagore mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gufasha kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na BioMed Central burasesengura igipimo cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside, cyane cyane mu myaka ya 2005 na 2010. Muri iki gihe, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina risobanurwa nk’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri, amarangamutima, imitekerereze, cyangwa igitsina mu mibanire. Nk’uko bitangazwa na BioMed Central, 34 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bavuga ko bari bafitanye umubano kandi bakarokoka ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu 2005. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera kuri 56 ku ijana mu 2010. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no kugabanya agasuzuguro ku bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda. Abagore bumva bamerewe neza mugihe basangira ibyababayeho. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi ba politiki b’abagore biyongereye cyane nyuma ya jenoside yabaye mu 2003, bivuguruza uruhare rw’uburinganire mu gihugu hose. BioMed Central yasanze kandi umubare w’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa ryashoboraga kwiyongera bitewe n’umubare ugaragara w’abagore bakomeye muri societe yu Rwanda. Izi nyigisho zombi zerekana ihinduka rito mu mahame mbonezamubano yerekeye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo mu mashami muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]], [[Kigali]], kaminuza ya Umeå, [[Suwede]], na kaminuza ya Gothenburg, muri Suwede, bwakoze iperereza ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa ba hafi mu Rwanda. Aya makuru yerekana ko nubwo leta yu Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa, amahame mbonezamubano ku bagore yari agihuye n’inshingano gakondo zishingiye ku gitsina. Izi ngingo zinyuranye zagize ingaruka ku buryo abagore bakoresha umutungo igihe bahuye n’ihohoterwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kurandura burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, impinduka zigomba kuva mu muryango w’u Rwanda kimwe na politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa. == Guteza imbere uburinganire == Abagore bo mu Rwanda na bo bagiye gukora kugira ngo icyuho cy’imishahara gishingiye ku gitsina kiveho. Mu 2018, Abanyarwanda binjiza amafaranga mirongo inani n'umunani ugereranyije n'idorari ry'umugabo, Ibi bigashyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 25 mu buringanire bw’ubukungu hagati y’uburinganire. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] bu5lce73ypgwfdulm4je9wfh92o0gqn 0 8542 139200 115998 2026-09-23T07:11:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Maasai Girls.jpg|thumb|Maasai Girls]] [[Dosiye:Smiling Maasai Girls.jpg|thumb|Maasai Girls]] [[Dosiye:Maasai girls tell their stories (3993568430).jpg|thumb|Maasai girls tell their stories ]] [[Dosiye:Masai girl at school doing maths.jpg|thumb|Masai girl at school doing maths]] [[Dosiye:Masai girl beauty.JPG|thumb|Masai girl beauty]] [[Dosiye:AK47-Dancing masai.JPG|thumb|Umumasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Culture Expanded to 2015.JPG|thumb|Maasai Culture ]] [[Dosiye:The Sabiny & Masaai Cultural Tribes Meeting over Female Genital Mutilation-FGM.jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:F20230226ES-0369 (52829297662).jpg|thumb|Abamasayi]] [[Dosiye:Ndito (Maasai Girl).JPG|thumb|Ndito (Maasai Girl)]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Girl.tif|thumb|Maasai Girl]] [[Dosiye:1979-08 Maasai girls, Kenya.jpg|thumb|Maasai girls]] [[Dosiye:Maasai girls, Kenya..jpg|thumb|Abamasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai woman with stretched ears.jpg|thumb|Maasai woman with stretched ears]] [[Dosiye:Maasai People-1.jpg|thumb|Umumasaye]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Mothers.jpg|thumb|Maasai Mothers]] [[Dosiye:Maasai Mother and Child, Outside Masai Mara, 2006.JPG|thumb|Maasai Mothers]] == Ubuzima bw'umukobwa wu mu Maasai == [[File:Maasai_girls_celebrating_the_arp_0.jpg|thumb]] Kimwe n'abagore benshi bakennye bo mu bihugu by'[[afurika]]<ref>{{Citation|title=Africa|date=2020-10-15|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Africa&oldid=983626185|work=Wikipedia|language=en|access-date=2020-10-15}}</ref>­, umubare munini w'abagore ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] muri [[Kenya]] bagenewe kubaho mu bukene no gukandamizwa mu muco. Igisekuru kimwe gishize, munsi ya 20% byabagore ba [[Abamasayi|masayi]] muri [[Kenya]] biyandikishije mwishuri. Uyu munsi, nubwo amashuri abanza yubusa muri Kenya kuva muri Mutarama 2003, 48% byabakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bonyine ni bo biyandikisha mumashuri, naho 10% byabakobwa ni bo bonyine biga mumashuri yisumbuye Ubusanzwe, abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] barakebwa(ibyo wakwita gusiramurwa cg guca imyeyo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2017/07/guca-imyeyouko-naciye-imyeyo.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2020-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017134907/https://www.urwego.com/2017/07/guca-imyeyouko-naciye-imyeyo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>) hagati yimyaka 11 na 13 hanyuma bidatinze bashakana numugabo watowe na se kugirango babone inka namafaranga. Umugore wo mu [[Abamasayi|masayi]] ntazigera yemererwa gutana, usibye mu bihe bikomeye cyane byo guhohoterwa ku mubiri, kandi ntazigera yemererwa kongera gushaka, kabone niyo umugabo se yahisemo ari umusaza upfa akiri ingimbi. Ahubwo, ahinduka umutungo wa murumuna wa mugabo we. Azaba umwe mu bagore benshi, kandi azabyara abana benshi, atitaye ku buzima bwe cyangwa ubushobozi bwo kubatunga. Azahaguruka kare buri munsi, kandi amara iminsi akora urugendo rw'ibirometero kugera kumyobo yo kumesa imyenda no kubona amazi, no gukusanya imizigo myinshi yinkwi kugirango asubire murugo. Niba afite amahirwe, azagira indogobe yo kugabanya umutwaro we. Azabaho ubuzima bwiza bwumubiri, biterwa numugabo numuryango atahisemo. Icyizere cyo kubaho kwe ni imyaka 45. Niba wigisha umugore, Azamenya uburenganzira bwe kandi afite ikizere nubwigenge bwo kubahagurukira. Azahitamo uwo bazashyingiranwa nigihe cyo kurongora. Azagira abana bake, kandi bazagira ubuzima bwiza kandi bize neza kurusha ab'igihe cyabanjirije. Ntazakebya abakobwa biwe. Azagira umutekano mu bukungu. Azakoresha 90 ku ijana yinjiza mumuryango we, ugereranije na 35% umugabo wize yakoresha. Azafasha gutunga ababyeyi be. Ntazibagirwa aho yaturutse. Ariko igitutu cyumuco kirwanya uburezi bwabagore ntakintu na kimwe kigufi. [[abamasayi]] n' umwe mu moco akennye cyane muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Africa</ref> y'Iburasirazuba. Abantu b'icyubahiro kandi biyubashye, bishimiye imibereho yabo gakondo n'imico yabo nubwo bahura n'ibibazo by'isi ya none. Babaho mubuzima bwimuka borora inka nihene, bambaye imyenda gakondo, kandi baba mumidugudu mito yitwa manyatta<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.governorscamp.com/community-conservation/masai-manyatta/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-10-15 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019123528/https://www.governorscamp.com/community-conservation/masai-manyatta/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, aribwo buryo bwo kuzenguruka amazu y’ibyondo. Ariko kongera ubutaka muri mumidugudu ya [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] ya [[Kenya]] yose bibangamiye umuco wabo wimuka, kandi igitutu cyo kwemera impinduka kiriyongera. Hamwe nicyo gitutu iraza gukenera byihutirwa kwigisha igisekuru cyabahungu nabakobwa. Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umuco wabo, ariko, [[abamasayi]] bemeye gahunda ihakana abagore uburenganzira bw’ibanze bwa muntu: uburenganzira bwo kwiga; uburenganzira bwo kugenzura imibiri yabo, uburenganzira bwo guhitamo uwo nigihe cyo kurongora, uburenganzira bwo gutanga igitekerezo. [[File:Taken_in_kenya_maasai.jpg|thumb]] == Bariyeri kuburezi == <small>Inzitizi-ku-burezi</small>, Abakobwa bagomba guhura nimbogamizi nyinshi kugirango babone amashuri, kandi inyinshi murizo zifitanye isano nubukene bukabije mu [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]]. Ibiciro byuburezi birabujijwe kumiryango myinshi, kandi isezerano ryubukwe nimpamvu ikomeye yo gutegura ubukwe bwumukobwa akimara “kwambuka ikiraro cyabana.” Ariko ibintu byumuco nabyo bigira uruhare mukubuza abakobwa kubona no kwiga. '''Bariyeri z'umuco n'ubukungu''' Ibintu byubukungu, umuco numubiri bihuza kwanga uburezi ku bakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] muri [[Kenya]] ni byinshi kandi, bifatanyirijwe hamwe, bisa nkibidashoboka kuri bose ariko abakobwa biyemeje gutsinda. Nubwo bidashoboka, abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bafite imbogamizi yimyizerere yumuco ibuza benshi kwiyandikisha cyangwa kurangiza amashuri. '''Harimo:''' Guteza imbere ubukungu gushyingirwa hakiri kare, nk'inka n'inkwano y'amafaranga, Kwizera ko umuryango wibinyabuzima ntacyo byungukira mu kwigisha umukobwa, kubera ko umukobwa abaye umwe mu bagize umuryango w’umugabo we iyo ashatse, kandi bazabona inyungu. Imiryango hamwe nurungano rwo gushyingirwa hakiri kare, kuko abagore bahabwa agaciro numubare wabana bafite Gutinya gutwita hakiri kare, bikaba biteye isoni mbere yo gushyingirwa kandi bikagabanya igiciro cyumugeni<ref>https://glosbe.com/rw/en/umugeni</ref>, bikomeza umuco wo gushyingirwa hakiri kare,hanyuma intera umukobwa agomba kugenda ku ishuri ryegereye bituma itagira umutekano, ndetse ntibishoboka ku mwana w’incuke. [[File:Maasai_suviving_for_life.jpg|thumb]] == Igiciro cy'uburezi == Abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] biyandikisha mumashuri abanza biga mumashuri rusange yubusa. Ariko abanyeshuri bose bo muri [[Kenya]] basabwa kwambara imyenda, kandi imiryango myinshi ntishobora kwigurira imyenda ikenewe kugirango umwana wabo ajye mwishuri. Amashuri abanza ya leta abanza, atanga ibyiza byinshi, birabujijwe cyane mumiryango myinshi ya [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]]. Ubwiza bw'uburezi muri aya mashuri yo mucyaro ntibukunze kuba buhagije kugirango bategure abanyeshuri ibizamini byigihugu, basabwa gukomeza amashuri yisumbuye, kubera ko aya mashuri adahagije kandi yuzuyemo ishyano, umubare w’abanyeshuri n’abarimu ugera ku 100 kugeza kuri 1. Ku mukobwa udasanzwe atsinda ikizamini cyigihugu kugirango arangize amashuri abanza, amashuri yisumbuye yose yo muri [[Kenya]] ni amashuri acumbikira, kandi ikiguzi cyumwaka kirabujijwe ku [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] benshi ariko, niba bishoboka mubukungu, abahungu bahabwa umwanya wambere. == Bariyeri z'ubukungu zidafite aho zihuriye n'igiciro cy'uburezi == Impamvu zubukungu zo gushyingirwa hakiri kare .Ubukwe bw'umukobwa bwongera ubutunzi bwumuryango wuumukobwa wa [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] binyuze munka hamwe ninguzanyo z'amafaranga Kandi kubera ko yinjiye mumuryango w'umugabo we amaze gushyingirwa,Ise yakuweho umutwaro wokumutunga.Umugenzo gushyingirwa hakiri kare ukabije kubera ubukene bwiyongera bwaturage ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]],Bigatuma ba se ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bashyingiranwa n'abakobwa babo bakiri bato. Garuka kwishora mari.Kuri iyo miryango Mike ishoboye kwirihira amashuri,Hari ibintu byinshi byumuco ukunda kwigisha abahungu mbere .Ibi bituruka kumuco w'uko abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bava mu mudugudu w'ababyeyi babo bakaba umwe mubigize umuryango w'umugabo amaze gushyingiranwa.Ba se ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bakunda kwizera ko umuryango wabo utazungukirwa ngo no gushora imari mumashuri z'umukobwa wabo == Bariyeri z'umuco == . Gushyingirwa hakiri kare nimpamvu zikunze kuvugwa zituma abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bareka ishuri. Abakobwa ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] bigishwa ko gukebwa<ref>https://glosbe.com/rw/en/gukebwa</ref> ari umuhango wo kunyura mu bagore biherekeza ubwangavu kandi bibanziriza gushyingirwa. Bamaze gukebwa, barashinyagurirwa na bagenzi babo nibakomeze amashuri, kubera ko ishuri ari iryabana. Kurushaho gukaza umurego mu gushyingirwa hakiri kare ni ukuri ko mu muco [[Abamasayi|w'abamasayi]] abagore basanzwe bahabwa agaciro hashingiwe ku mubare w'abana bashobora kubyara ku bagabo babo, atari ku buryo bashobora kuba abize cyangwa mu bukungu. [[File:The_use_of_technology.jpg|thumb]] Gutinya gutwita hakiri kare. Inda nimpamvu ya kabiri ikunze kugaragara cyane ko abakobwa bata ishuri. Mu muco [[Abamasayi|w'abamasayi]], abana bafite imyaka icyenda ntibemerewe kuguma mu nzu imwe na se, ahubwo bakaryama mu nzu itandukanye batabigenzuye. Byongeye kandi, abakobwa ntibabwirwa uburyo umugore atwite. Uku kubura kugenzura no kutamenya bituma abakobwa bibasirwa cyane no gusama, kandi gutwita mbere yubukwe bizana amahano nigiciro cyumugeni. Gutinya gutwita utarashaka ni impamvu isanzwe ituma ababyeyi bashimangira ko abakobwa babo bava mu ishuri bagashyingirwa hakiri kare. Bariyeri z'umubiri Kugenda intera ku ishuri. Kubera ko umushumba [[Abamasayi|w'abamasayi]] akenera ubutaka bukomeye bwo kuragira inka zabo, imidugudu yabo yubatswe kure yiyindi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, ishuri rimwe rigomba gukorera imidugudu myinshi mubirometero 15 kugeza kuri 20. Nta modoka, bisi, amafarasi, ndetse n'amagare aboneka ku bana ba [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]], bityo bagomba kugenda intera ndende. Abakobwa benshi bangiwe kwiga kubera impungenge z'ababyeyi kubera umutekano wabo muri uru rugendo rurerure. Ndetse kubagera ku ishuri, urugendo rurerure rubangamira uburezi. Ntabwo bitangaje, abarimu bavuga ko abana bamaze amasaha abiri kugeza kuri atanu bagenda ku ishuri mugitondo, akenshi badafite icyo barya, barushye, kandi ubushobozi bwabo bwo gutumbira burahungabana. Nanone, akenshi biratinda iyo abana bageze murugo nyuma yurugendo rurerure, kandi baracyasabwa gukora imirimo. Nubwo baba bagifite ubushake nimbaraga zo kwiga nyuma yo kurangiza inshingano zabo murugo, ni umwijima kandi nta mashanyarazi cyangwa itara ryakozwe. Imibereho ya [[Abamasayi|bamasayi]] yimuka.[[Abamasayi]] ni umuryango w'abashumba, inzererezi, kandi ibihe rimwe na rimwe bisaba ko imiryango yimuka kugirango ibone amazi n'ibyatsi by'inka zabo. Mu bihe by'amapfa, imyigire y'umwana ikunze guhagarikwa cyangwa guhagarikwa kugeza imvura iguye, bigatuma basubira inyuma mu kazi kabo k'ishuri, cyangwa guhagarika ishuri burundu. <references responsive="" /> ax68ync8e80i7gzis44173fel1h1muk 0 8544 139201 120525 2026-09-23T07:12:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rebecca_Kadaga,_December_2017_(5122)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Rebecca Kadaga]] {{Infobox officeholder|honorific-prefix=[[The Right Honourable]]|birth_date={{Birth date and age|df=yes|1956|5|24}}|residence=[[Kampala]], Uganda|citizenship=[[Uganda]]|nationality=Ugandan|occupation=Lawyer and politician|alma_mater=[[Makerere University]]<br/> {{small|([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])}}<br/>[[Law Development Center]]<br /> {{small|([[Legal practice|Diploma in Legal Practice]])}}<br/> [[University of Zimbabwe]]<br/> {{small|([[Master of Arts|MA]])}}, {{small|([[Women's rights|Diploma in Women's Law]])}}<br/>[[Nkumba University]]<br/> {{small|([[Doctor of Laws|Honorary LLD]])}}|death_place=|death_date=|birth_place=[[Kamuli]], Uganda|parliament1=Ugandan|image=Rebecca Kadaga, December 2017 (5122) (cropped2).jpg|successor=|predecessor=[[Edward Ssekandi]]|term_end=|term_start=19 May 2011|title=[[Speaker (politics)|Speaker]] of the [[Uganda Parliament]]|caption=|name=Rebecca Kadaga|image_size=250px|party=[[National Resistance Movement]]}}'''Rebecca Alitwala Kadaga''' ni umunyamategeko akaba n'umunyapolitiki wa Uganda wabaye Perezida w’Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Uganda kuva ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2011. Niwe mugore wa mbere watorewe kuba Perezida w’amateka mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Uganda. Yasimbuye Edward Ssekandi, wabaye Perezida kuva 2001 kugeza 2011. Ni n'umudepite muri iki gihe (Depite) mu karere ka Kamuli gaherereye mu karere ka Kamuli, mu karere ka Busoga, umwanya afite kuva mu 1989. [[Dosiye:Rebecca_Kadaga,_December_2017_(5122)_(cropped2).jpg|thumb|Rebecca Kadaga, December 2017 ]] == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu Karere ka Kamuli, mu Burasirazuba bwa Uganda, ku ya 24 Gicurasi 1956. Rebecca Kadaga yize muri Namasagali Collegenamashuri yisumbuye. Yize amategeko muri kaminuza ya Makerere, arangiza icyiciro cya kabiri cya Bachelor of Laws ( LLB ), mu 1978. Yakomeje kubona Impamyabumenyi mu by'amategeko mu kigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'amategeko i Kampala mu 1979. Mu 2000, yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mategeko y'abagore yakuye muri kaminuza ya [[Zimbabwe]]. Mu 2003, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Master of Arts (MA), inzobere mu mategeko y’umugore, na we yakuye muri kaminuza ya Zimbabwe. Mu 2019, Kaminuza Nkumba, Kaminuza yigenga muri Uganda, yahaye Kadaga igihembo y'icyubahiro impamyabumenyi ya Doctor wa Amategeko. == Uburambe ku kazi == Hagati y'i 1984 na 1988, yari mu bikorwa by’amategeko yigenga. Kuva mu 1989 kugeza 1996, yabaye umudepite mu Ntara ya Kamuli mu karere k'umugore w'akarere. Yabaye Umuyobozi w'Inama Njyanama ya Kaminuza ya Mbarara, hagati ya 1993 na 1996. Mu 1996, yabaye umunyamabanga mukuru w’ishyirahamwe ry’abadepite bo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba. [[Dosiye:Flag of Uganda.svg|thumb|Uganda]] Kuva mu 1996 kugeza 1998, Rebecca Kadaga yari umunyamabanga wa Leta wa Uganda ushinzwe ubutwererane mu karere (Afurika n'Uburasirazuba bwo hagati). Yaje kuba umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe itumanaho n’indege kuva mu 1998 kugeza 1999 ndetse anaba Minisitiri w’ibikorwa by’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuva 1999 kugeza 2000. Yatorewe kuba Visi Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 2001, umwanya yari afite kugeza ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2011, igihe yatorewe kuba Umuvugizi w’Inteko Ishinga amategeko. Nyuma y’amatora rusange yo muri Gashyantare 2016, Kadaga yongeye gutorerwa kuba Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2016. == Inshingano z'Inteko == Usibye imirimo ashinzwe kuba umuvugizi w’inteko ishinga amategeko ya Uganda, yicaye muri komite z’abadepite zikurikira: * Komite ishinzwe - Komisiyo isuzuma gahunda zose z’Abaminisitiri zashyizweho na Perezida, kandi zishobora kwemeza cyangwa kwanga gahunda: Perezida w'inteko ayobora komite * Komisiyo y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko - Perezida w'inteko ayobora Komisiyo * Komite y'Ubucuruzi - Perezida w'inteko ayobora komite == Impaka == Kadaga yiyemeje gutora umushinga w'itegeko rirwanya abaryamana bahuje ibitsina muri Uganda binyuze mu nteko bitarenze Ukuboza 2012. Uyu mushinga w'itegeko - rimwe na rimwe witwa "Kwica umushinga w'abahuje ibitsina" - icyarimwe washakaga gukora ibikorwa byo kuryamana kw'abahuje igitsina bihanishwa igihano cy'urupfu cyangwa igifungo cya burundu ariko nyuma bivanaho umushinga w'itegeko ry’urupfu. Avuga ko bizaba itegeko kubera ko Abagande benshi "babisaba". Ukuboza 2012, Kadaga yari i [[Roma]] kugira ngo atange ijambo mu nama ya karindwi y’Inteko Ngishwanama y’Abadepite bagize Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha no kugendera ku mategeko. Amakuru yavugaga ko Kadaga yahawe umugisha na Papa Benedigito wa XVI mu misa ya [[Vatikani]]. Bidatinze ayo makuru amaze kumenyekana, umuvugizi wa Vatikani Padiri Federico Lombardi yasohoye itangazo rigira riti: “umubano n'intumwa ntiwari usanzwe kandi nta mugisha watanzwe.” Itsinda ry’abadepite bo muri Uganda basuhuzaga Papa “kimwe n’abandi bantu bose bitabira abateranye na Papa babishaka” kandi iki “ntabwo cyari ikimenyetso cyihariye cyo kwemeza ibikorwa bya Kadaga cyangwa ibyifuzo bye.” Muri Werurwe 2020, mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya COVID-19, Kadaga yanditse ku rubuga rwa twitter ko "spray, ihita yica virusi ya Corona, yavumbuwe & igomba gukorerwa muri Uganda". We (hamwe nabahanga be ba quack) batanze igitekerezo cyuko ibyakurikiyeho byumvikanyweho nkisuku yoroshye ari ukuvura COVID-19 kandi yakiriwe nabi nabagande kurubuga rusange ndetse ninzego zumwuga mubuvuzi. nk'ishyirahamwe ry'ubuvuzi rya Uganda, hamwe na Sosiyete ya Farumasi ya Uganda. Yakubise ahamagara abantu bo muri Association badafite ubwonko. Muri Mata 2020, mu gihe cy'icyorezo cya COVID-19, Kadaga na bagenzi be bagize inteko ishinga amategeko bageneye amashiringi arenga miliyari 10 z'amashiringi ya Uganda yari agamije kuba amafaranga yo gutabara mu bikorwa byo kurwanya icyorezo ndetse n'ihungabana ry’imibereho n'ubukungu. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 6s8a9dxfkn9ddwyhu0ruhu901fyf1dn 0 8616 139068 121818 2026-09-23T02:28:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139068 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of the MRND.jpg|alt=Ihuriro ry'igihugu riharanira demokarasi n'iterambere|thumb]] '''Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere''' ([[Igifaransa]]: ''Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le développement'', '''MRND''' ) ryari ishyaka rya politiki ryategekaga u Rwanda kuva 1975 kugeza 1994 ku butegetsi bwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]]. Yiganjemo [[Abahutu]], cyane cyane bo mu karere kavukire ka Perezida Habyarimana mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda. Iri shyaka ryashinzwe mu 1975 nk’umuryango w’igihugu uharanira impinduramatwara mu iterambere ( Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement ). Itsinda ry’indashyikirwa ry’abayoboke b’ishyaka rya MRND bari bazwiho kugira uruhare kuri Perezida n’umugore we - ndetse n’inshingano zo gutegura igenamigambiJenoside yo mu Rwanda - izwi nka akazu. [[Dosiye:Juvénal_Habyarimana_(Andrews_Air_Force_Base,_Maryland,_USA_-_1980).jpg|thumb|Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana washinze ishyaka rya Politiki]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n'iterambere Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le dévelopement |- !Perezida |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |- !Uwashinze |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |- !Yashinzwe |1974 |- !Kumeneka |1994 |- !Byatsinzwe na |Ingabo zo Kurengera Demokarasi <small>(ntabwo ari umusimbura mu by'amategeko)</small> |- !Icyicaro gikuru |Kigali , Rwanda |- !Ikinyamakuru |''Kangura''Hutu Radiyo <small>(Radio)</small> |- !Ibaba ry'urubyiruko |''[[Interahamwe]]'' |- !Ingengabitekerezo |Ultranationalism Abahutu Imbaraga Zabaturage |- !Umwanya wa politiki |Iburyo-iburyo |- !Kwishyira hamwe |''Nta na kimwe'' |- !Amabara | Umukara |- | colspan="2" | * Politiki yo mu Rwanda * Amashyaka ya politiki * Amatora |} Kuva mu 1975 kugeza 1991, MRND ni ryo shyaka ryonyine ryemewe n'amategeko mu gihugu. Habyarimana yavuzwe ko ashyira mu gaciro  nubwo bivugwa ko ishyaka ryakoresheje uburyo bwo kwamamaza iburyo  , ryateje imbere gahunda ya politiki y’aba conservateur  kandi ryarwanyaga abakomunisiti .Ishyaka ryari rifite inzego z’inzego zahuzaga inzego za guverinoma kuri buri rwego, kugeza ku murenge no mu kagari. Habyarimana yari perezida w’ishyaka, kandi nkuwo ni we mukandida wenyine wabaye perezida wa repubulika. Icyakora, mu bwumvikane buke kuri demokarasi, abatora bashyikirijwe abakandida babiri ba MRND mu matora y’Inteko ishinga amategeko. Izina ry’ishyaka ryahinduwe nyuma y’amashyaka ya politiki atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi yemerewe n'amategeko mu 1991. Nyuma y’igitero cya FPR mu 1990, abanyamuryango ba MRND bakoze ikinyamakuru ''Kangura''. Ibaba ry’urubyiruko rw’ishyaka, ''interahamwe'', nyuma yaje gukura mu mutwe w’abasirikare wagize uruhare runini muri jenoside yo mu 1994. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Habyarimana muri Mata 1994, abayoboke b'ishyaka bari mu bubatsi bakuru ba [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]. U Rwanda rumaze kwigarurirwa na mukeba w’abatutsi wiganjemo abatutsi b’abanyarwanda bayobowe na [[Paul Kagame]], MRND yirukanwe ku butegetsi kandi biremewe. Ihuriro ry’ingabo zishinzwe kurengera Repubulika, ryagize uruhare runini muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda, ryari umutwe utoroshye wa MRND wabaye ishyaka ryihariye. 8lztv3pcj1fhr1shoyfadgpx38sesct 0 8623 139202 122175 2026-09-23T07:12:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).png|thumb]] '''Déogratias Nsabimana''' (23 Kanama 1945- yapfuye 6 Mata 1994)<ref>https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/LXSL-9NZ/deogratias-nsabimana-1945-1994</ref> yahoze ari jenerali akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z’u [[Rwanda]](FAR). {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Déogratias Nsabimana |- !Kwiyemerera |Rwanda |- !Serivisi / ishami |Ingabo z’u Rwanda |- !Urutonde |Jenerali Majoro |- !Amabwiriza yafashwe |Umugaba mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda |- !Intambara / intambara |Jenoside yo mu Rwanda |- !Umubano |Interahamwe FDLR |- | colspan="3" |[https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1270530 hindura amakuru kuri Wikidata] |} == Ubuzima == [[Dosiye:Rwandan_soldiers_singing_anti-AIDS_song.jpg|thumb|Ingabo z'u Rwanda ]] === Umwuga wa gisirikare === Mu Kwakira 1990, Urugaga rwo gukunda igihugu rw’u Rwanda (FPR), ingabo z’impunzi n’abatutsi bo mu Rwanda n’abatuye mu mahanga zambutse umupaka ziva muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] maze zitera u Rwanda. Nsabimana yigaragaje cyane ku rugamba Kubera iyo mpamvu, muri Mata 1992, Nsabimana yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda. Muri uru ruhare, yashyigikiye iterambere ry’umutwe mushya w’abaparakomando. Nkumunyamuryango wa Network Zero (ishyirahamwe ryitumanaho ryabayobozi ba gisirikare na politiki), yafashije guhugura amakipe azapfa. Igihe hagaragaye ibimenyetso by’ubufatanye hagati y’ingabo z’u Rwanda n’interahamwe za Interahamwe, yavuze ko nta bumenyi yari afite kuri ubwo bufatanye. Ukuboza 1993, mu rwego rw’amasezerano ya Arusha, hashyizwe mu bikorwa amasezerano yo kugabana ubutegetsi, umutwe w’inyeshyamba zo mu Rwanda Patriotic Front (FPR) wabonye abasirikare bagera kuri 600 binjira i [[Kigali]]. Nsabimana yarwanyije Amasezerano ya Arusha. Umwaka wakurikiyeho, bivugwa ko Nsabimana yagize uruhare mu gusaba ububiko bwa [[Interahamwe]]. === Urupfu === Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Nsabimana ari kumwe na Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana bari batashye bavuye mu biganiro byo mu rwego rwo hejuru i Dar es Salaam ubwo indege yabo, Dassault Falcon 50 yagwaga na misile ebyiri zo mu kirere no mu kirere maze igwa hanze y’ikigo cya perezida i Kigali. ndege yari itwaye cumi bwato, harimo Perezida Cyprien Ntaryamira w'u [[Uburundi|Burundi]].<ref>http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dossiers/rwanda/r1271.asp#P3515_490312</ref> Perezida w’u Rwanda wakurikiyeho, [[Paul Kagame]], yagaragaje ko yemera ko Nsabimana yagambaniye [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Habyarimana]], kandi ko yamukurikiye i Dar es Salaam kugira ngo akurikiranwe. pgi60su7gvhb1h1hgid2hj4grrin3ra 0 8683 139099 134283 2026-09-23T02:31:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139099 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inzu za kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|inzu za kinyarwanda]] '''Umuco nyarwanda''' ni imibereho, imigenzo, imyemerere imyambari, imivugire, n'uburyo aba nyarwanda batuye igihugu bibana bikabererekana nk'abantu bakomeye ku isi ku isonga ryabo.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=b80a8cdde4dd043f&rlz=1C1KNTJ_enRW1133RW1134&sxsrf=AE3TifNdklydVHEzDA5caRftCvp1jxG7Yg:1756202236966&q=umuco+nyarwanda+ni+iki&source=lnms&fbs=AIIjpHxU7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4KIeuYzzFkfneXafNx6OMdA4MQRJc_t_TQjwHYrzlkIauOKzdwwhoIZKJrCQTbRbErprPDqhqGfHcOcsQSxEAeABklaJVEszEvxPeJyeQPZx1hW0Gz0MoHLUwfeos5D6p5bBu6RrON6sdi6QETnpI9X3jF6V0WV7nK1AMv3mEiz5rjTscMOAQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjn0fOTm6iPAxVMKvsDHc6rA_0Q0pQJegQICRAB&biw=911&bih=427&dpr=1.5</ref>[[Dosiye:Ikibindi.jpg|thumb|Ikibindi cyirimo inzoga ]] [[Dosiye:Ingoma.png|thumb|Ingoma]] [[Dosiye:WikiIndaba 2022 - Day 1 Kigali Rwanda 04.jpg|thumb|imbyino ]] Umuco nyarwanda ugizwe n'ibintu byinshi. Mu buryo butandukanye n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ni igihugu cyunze ubumwe kuva mu bihe bya mbere y’ubukoloni, gituwe n’abaturage b'[[:en:Banyarwanda|Abanyarwanda]] basangiye ururimi rumwe rw'[[Ikinyarwanda]] n’umurage ndangamuco.<ref>Prunier (1995), p. 15</ref> Mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] hizihizwa Iminsi mikuru inyuranye izwi buri mwaka ndetse n'indi rimwe na rimwe leta yinjizamo. [[Dosiye:Rwandan culture food.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda]] Guhera ku wa 07 Mata kugeza ku wa 14 Mata buri mwaka ni Icyumweru cy'icyunamo cyo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.<ref name=":0">https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=95056&token=2b00b7df4305c5ad57713666859436b957193588</ref> Ku wa Gatandatu wa nyuma wa buri kwezi ho haba [[:en:Umuganda|Umuganda]] rusange mu Gihugu hose. Uwo munsi wibanda ku bikorwa bigamije iterambere n'imibereho y'abaturage muri rusange kandi serivisi nyinshi zisanzwe zikora zirafunga kugeza umuganda urangiye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.burera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/umuganda-usoza-ukwezi-mu-mafoto-witabiriwe-na-mos-muri-minaloc |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-24 |archive-date=2025-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324153030/https://www.burera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/umuganda-usoza-ukwezi-mu-mafoto-witabiriwe-na-mos-muri-minaloc |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuziki n'imbyino == [[File:Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg|thumb|221x221px| Ababyinnyi gakondo b'abanyarwanda b'Intore]] [[File:Traditional_dance_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Imbyino gakondo mu Rwanda]] [[UMUZIKI|Umuziki]] n'imbyino ni ibice bikomeye bigize imihango y'u [[Rwanda]], iminsi mikuru, guhurira hamwe, hamwe no kubara inkuru. Imbyino gakondo izwi cyane ni ''Intore'', umwiyereko uzwi cyane ugizwe n'ibice bitatu -'''Itorero''', ribyinwamo [[Umugore|abagore]]; '''imbyino y'intwari''', ikorwa n'abagabo n''''ingoma'''. Ubusanzwe, umuziki uhererekanywa hagati y'abantu mu buryo nyamvugo. Ingoma ni ingirakamaro cyane, abakaraza b'i Bwami babaga bafite agaciro gakomeye mu rugo rw'[[Umwami]]. Mu busanzwe, abakaraza bavuza ingoma bari mu matsinda agizwe n'abantu bari hagati ya barindwi n'umunani.<ref name=":1">commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=50&user=Peace+Batuma&ilshowall=1</ref> Uruganda rw'umuziki mu [[Rwanda]] rurakura cyane muri iki gihe, rufatiye ku njyana zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, iz'abakongomani ndetse n'izo muri Amerika. Injyana zizwi cyane ni hip-hop, R&B ndetse rimwe na rimwe ragga na dance-pop. Abahanzi bazwi cyane bo mu Rwanda barimo : ''The Ben, [[:en:Meddy|Meddy]]'', bombi bagiye babona ibihembo binyuranye, n'abandi benshi nka [[:en:Miss_Shanel|Miss Shanel]], [[:en:Kitoko|Kitoko]], [[:en:Riderman_(rapper)|Riderman]], [[:en:Tom_Close|Tom Close]], [[:en:King_James_(singer)|King James]], [[:en:Mani_Martin|Mani Martin]], [[:en:Knowless_(singer)| Knowless]], na[[:en:Charly_na_Nina_(singers)| Charly na Nina]].<ref name=":1" /> == Igikoni == [[File:Teke_bottle.JPG|thumb|300x300px| [[Inzoga]] zanywebwaga mu gicuma cyangwa ikibindi nk'iki mu mihango n'ibirori.]] Ibiryo byo mu [[Rwanda]] bishingiye ku biribwa by’ibanze bikomoka ku buhinzi gakondo. Mu mateka, ibijyanye n'imirire bigenda bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'abantu. Amafunguro yo mu Rwanda usanga akenshi arimo [[Umuneke|imineke]],ibitoki,amashaza, [[ibijumba]], ibishyimbo, n'imyumbati. Abanyarwanda benshi barya [[inyama]] inshuro zitari nyinshi mu kwezi. Ku batuye hafi y'ibiyaga kandi bafite uko babona amafi, bakunze kurya iyitwa tilapiya.<ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/Igikoni-cy-umudugudu-kibafasha-kurwanya-imirire-mibi</ref> Ibirayi, bikekwa ko byinjijwe mu [[Rwanda]] n’abakoloni b’[[Abadage]] n’Ababiligi, ubu na byo birakunzwe cyane. [[Ubugari]] busonze mu myumbati cyangwa ibigori na bwo bukunze kuribwa cyane kimwe no bice bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. ''Isombe'' isekuye iva mu mababi y'imyumbati ''ikaranze'' ikunze kugaburwa hamwe n'amafi yumutse.<ref name=":2" /> Ifunguro rya saa sita ni imvange igizwe nibintu byavuzwe haruguru bishobora kwiyongeraho inyama. Burusheti y'[[ihene]], [[inka]], inyama z'ingurube cyangwa amafi, ni byo bikunze kuribwa abantu batembereye. Mu cyaro, utubari twinshi tugira [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] wa burusheti uba waguze ihene, akayibaga kandi akayotsa. Izo nyama azigaburana n'ibitoki bikaranze. Amata, cyane cyane ''ikivuguto'', akunze kunyobwa mu gihugu cyose. Ibindi binyobwa birimo inzoga gakondo yitwa ''urwagwa'' yenze mu bitoki n'ikigage cyo mu masaka, igaragara mu mihango n'ibirori gakondo. Inzoga zicuruzwa mu [[Rwanda]] zirimo Primus, Mützig, Amstel,Skol ndetse n'ibindi....... == Ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori == Ibikorwa by'Ubukorikori gakondo byagaragaraga mu gihugu hose, nubwo ibyinshi byifashishwaga mu mirimo inyuranye kuruta uko byari umuteguro.Ibitebo n'imbehe ni bimwe mu byari rusange mu [[Rwanda]]. Amajyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] azwiho imigongo, ubuhanzi budasanzwe bufitanye isano n'inka aho iyo migongo ikorwa mu mase yazo; amateka avuga ko iyi migongo yadutse igihe Gisaka yari ikiri ubwami bwigenga. Amase avanze n'ubutaka karemano bw'amabara atandukanye kandi asize mu tuntu dusa n'imisozi ishushanyije, bikora ishusho nziza.<ref name=":2" /> Ubundi buhanzi n'ubukorikori burimo ububumbyi, gushushanya no kubaza ibiti bikorwa ahanini n’abanyeshuri biga iby'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni bo mu Ishuri ry'Ubugeni ryo ku Nyundo, ishuri rukumbi ryabayeho mu [[Rwanda]] kuva mu 1959 kugeza na n'ubu. Gusa muri iyi minsi hari andi mashuri agenda ashingwa agamije guteza imbere ubuhanzi bw'iyumvabona.<ref name=":2" /> == Amazu == Hirya no hino ubona amazu ateye imbere atari yaba menshi cyane kandi n'igiciro ubwacyo cy'inzu usanga kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bw'abaturage. Abanshi mu bari mu migi usanga birwanaho ngo babone aho batura kuko hatari hajyaho uburyo buhamye bwo kubonera abantu bose amazu yo kubamo.<ref name=":3">https://turaheza.com/</ref> Kugeza ubu, abatuye muri Kigali bihariye kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatuye mu mijyi muri rusange mu [[Rwanda]]. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry'amazu muri Kigali (2012-22) buvuga ko ugereranyije hakenewe muri rusange amazu 458,256, harimo amashya 344,068 akwiye kubakwa. Ibi bivuze ko hakenewe: -Amazu 43.436 yagenewe ibikorwa by'imibereho rusange (12,6%); -Amazu 186.163 ahendutse (54.1%); -Amazu 112.867 aciriritse (32.8%); -Amazu meza 1.601 ahwanye na (0.5%) muri Kigali honyine. Mu gihugu hose, nta bushakashatsi bwari bwakorwa ariko burimo gutegurwa. Ariko biteganyijwe ko hashobora kuba ubwikube kabiri bw'uburyo bihagaze muri [[Kigali]].<ref name=":3" /> [[Dosiye:Tradition house 2.jpg|thumb|Inzu ya Kinyarwanda]] Ibyagezweho ubu byerekana ko hari ukwivugurura mu bijyanye n'igenamigambi, gukoresha ibikorerwa imbere mu gihugu cyane cyane ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi, uburenganzira bungana kuri buri wese. Bimwe mu byatumye kandi bigerwaho birimo: Kumenyekanisha ibikorwa, gukora inyigo, kugerageza imishinga imwe n'imwe ijyanye n'imiturire.<ref name=":4">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Umujyi-wa-Kigali-wasabwe-kunoza-serivizi-zimiturire</ref> Guteza imbere igenamigambi ry'imiturire n'imishinga igamije gutunganya imijyi bikomeje gushyirwamo ingufu kandi bizatuma hirindwa ihuzagurika mu gucunga imishinga y'iterambere n'igenamigambi rinozwe.<ref name=":4" /> N'ubwo hari imbogamizi zikiriho mu bijyanye n’amafaranga agenewe imiturire, uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo bwateye imbere binyuze mu gushyiraho inguzanyo z'igihe kirekire, kugabanya gato inyungu, uburyo bunyuranye kandi bworoshye mu bijyanye no kwishyura mbere, no kunoza Politiki yimiturire y'igihugu.<ref name=":5">https://www.lands.rw/home</ref> == Guteza imbere imiturire == Guverinoma yihaye intego kongera urwego rujyanye n'ubufatanye n’iterambere ry’imiturire hagamijwe iterambere rirambye. Hatangiye kandi gahunda yo kubaka inzu nshya zigezweho.<ref name=":4" /> Kwikorera ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi ni bimwe mu ngamba za leta, aha harimo nko gukora sima, amatafari atangiza ibidukikije, kwihaza mu bintu bitandukanye n'ibindi. [[Dosiye:Burn Brick.jpg|thumb|kubumba amatafari]] Mu [[Rwanda]], Inzego zishinzwe imiturire n’ubwutatsi zikomeje kwiyubaka.<ref name=":5" /> == Ubuvanganzo na firime == U [[Rwanda]] ntirufite amateka maremare ajyanye n'[[Ubuvanganzo]] bwanditse, ariko hari ubuvangazo nyemvugo bikomeye bishingiye ku [[:en:Poetry|busizi.]] Mu buryo bwihariye mbere y'Ubukoloni, U [[Rwanda]] rwateje imbere [[Ibitekerezo]] (ubusizi n'umuziki gakondo), Ubucurabwenge (ibisekuruza by'abami bikunze ''kuvugwa'' mu mihango y'iyimikwa), Ibisigo (Ibisigo by'i Bwami). Ubundi indangagaciro n'ibindi bijyanye n'amateka byagiye hirerekanywa uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana. Umuntu uzwi cyane nk'umwanditsi w'amateka mu [[Rwanda]] ni [[:en:Alexis_Kagame|Alexis Kagame]] (1912 &#x2013; 1981), wakoze kandi atangaza ubushakashatsi ku muco gakondo ndetse no kwandika imivugo ye.<ref name=":0" /> Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] yatumye haboneka [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] by’inkuru z’abatangabuhamya, inyandiko n’ibitekerezo byanditswe n’igisekuru gishya cy’abanditsi nka Benjamin Sehene. Hakozwe amafilime atari make yerekeranye na [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside]], harimo nka Golden Globe yiswe ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' na ''Shooting Dogs''. == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Languages_of_Rwanda|Indimi zo mu Rwanda]] * [[:en:List_of_Rwandan_writers|Urutonde rwabanditsi b'Abanyarwanda]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|3}} * [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] rmjt1d7h2va93z9uqe7jht2hyknnn5u 0 8723 139133 132832 2026-09-23T02:39:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139133 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of Rwanda.svg|thumb| Ubukwe bwo mu Rwanda rwo hambere]] [[Dosiye:Ubukwe.jpg|thumb|ubukwe]] [[Dosiye:Ubukwe bwa kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|ubukwe bwa kinyarwanda]] Ubukwe ni [[itangiriro]] ryo kubaho k'umuryango, n'igihe abafashe Umwanzuro wo kubana bifatanya binyuze mu mucyo bakemera gushyigikirwa n'ababyeyi maze nabo bakajya kubaka umuryango wabo witezweho kwagura igihugu binyuze mu kubyara no kurera abana bazaba U [[Rwanda]] rwejo.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.impamba.com/2020/08/18/imihango-yubukwe-bwa-kinyarwanda-ayigereranya-no-guterekera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-07 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128081307/http://www.impamba.com/2020/08/18/imihango-yubukwe-bwa-kinyarwanda-ayigereranya-no-guterekera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubukwe ni umuhango ubumbatiye [[Umuco nyarwanda]].Uyu muhango w'ubukwe ukorwa hagati y'imiryango ibiri ihana abageni. Ni ukuvuga umuryango w'umusore n'umukobwa.<ref name=":2" /> == Imihango y'ubukwe bwa Kinyarwanda == Ubukwe bwa [[Kinyarwanda]] bwagiraga imihango myinshi itandukanye imwe iracyakorwa na magingo aya indi ntago igikorwa.. Imwe mu mihango yakorwaga hambere ni: === a. Kurambagiza no gufata irembo === Kurambagiza ni ukureba uburanga bw'umukobwa n'ubwiza bwe, kugenzura imico n'imyifatire ye, uko yitwara mu mibereho ye (umurimo), isuku ndetse n'umuryango akomokamo kugirango umuntu amenye niba yarahawe uburere bwiza. Mu [[Rwanda]] kurambagiza byakorwaga n'ababyeyi ariko bifashishije umuranga, habaga n'igihe umusore ari we wirambagiriza cyane cyane iyo yabaga ashaka kurambagiza umukobwa baturanye. Umuranga niwe wagombaga guhuza iyo miryango yombi kuko ariwe wasabiraga umuhungu. Gufata irembo ni igikorwa gikurikira kurambagiza, uyu muhango ubera iwabo w'umukobwa. umuryango w'umuhungu utegura inzoga maze ukazijyana iwabo w'umukobwa ubwo umuranga akababwira uburyo umuryango we washimye umukobwa wo muri urwo rugo ukaba wifuza ko yaba gahuza miryango<ref>Ubukwe bw'iwacu by Munezero Gasimba F. saveri</ref> === b.Gusaba no gukwa === [[Dosiye:Ubukwe nyarwanda.jpg|thumb|ubukwe]] [[Umuco nyarwanda]] umuryango w'umuhungu niwe ujya gusaba umugeni kuko mu [[Rwanda]] umuryango,ubwoko n'igisekuru bishingira ku mugabo. kera umuhango wo gusaba babanzaga kuwitegura bihagije ndetse bakabanza no kuwuraguriza, inzuzi zakwera bakabona kohereza intumwa ku muryango bazajya gusabamo umugeni. Umukuru w'umuryango akenshi niwe wabaga umukwe mukuru yaba atabishoboye bagatoranya undi ubikwiriye. Gukwa mu [[Rwanda]] nugutanga ikintu kemewe nk'inkwano kugirango ubone umugeni kikaba ikimenyetso cyo kwerekana ko umugeni afite aho aturuka, ko atishyingiye, ko ashyingiwe n'umuryango. Inkwano rero yari ishimwe ry'umubyeyi w'umukobwa kubera ko yabaga yarareze neza, umwana akaba agiye gushinga urwe rugo.<ref>Bigirumwami aloys, imihango, Imigenzo n'imiziririzo, Nyundo 1964 p127</ref> ==== i. Kuvuga amazina y'Inka ==== [[File:Kuvugira inka no kubyina gakondo mu bukwe bwa kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|Kuvuga amazina y'inka]] Kuvuga amazina y'inka ni umuhango ukorwa n'umutahira mu bukwe bwa [[Kinyarwanda]]. Mu [[Rwanda]] rwo hambere abakwe bazaga gusaba umugeni bagatanga [[inka]] nk'inkwano izo nka bazanye rero umutahira yavugaga amazina yazo akazirata kugirango abasangwa bazishimire, no kuruhande rw'abasangwa naho nuko byagendaga umutahira wabo yavugaga amazina y'izo bari basanganywe. Uyu muhango wakorwaga n'abisi, Umwisi iyo yitaga ishyo yagarukaga amaze kwita izibyaye uburiza Nyuma akazagaruka, akitirira ishyo inka yigaragaje nk'igihangange nuko umwisi akagororerwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.impamba.com/2020/08/18/imihango-yubukwe-bwa-kinyarwanda-ayigereranya-no-guterekera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-07 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128081307/http://www.impamba.com/2020/08/18/imihango-yubukwe-bwa-kinyarwanda-ayigereranya-no-guterekera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==== ii. Umusore uraye ari bushyingirwe ==== Bamutegaga amasunzu, bakamwogosha ubwanwa, bakamuca inzara mbese agakorerwa isuku yose yo ku mubiri. Bamwambikaga uruhu rushya cyangwa indengera z'abagabo. Bamwambikaga ibitare n'inigi nshya hanyuma abagabo bamutanze kurongora bakamwigisha uko azifata mu bukwe, uko azabana n'umugore uko azarongora harimo gucira imbazi,kwambika umwishywa, gukirana n'ibindi.<ref>Byanafashe D. et Rutayisire , Histoire du Rwanda, UNR, Huye 2011</ref> ==== iii. Umukobwa uraye ari bushyingirwe ==== Bamutegaga amasunzu bakamukenura hose. Nyirasenge w'umukobwa cyangwa undi mugore wizewe wo mu muryango nka nyirakuru cyangwa nyina wabo yazaga kumuhana. Umukobwa n'umubyeyi ugiye kumuhana bajyaga ahantu hiherereye maze akamubwira uko azajya atsinda abakuru, sebukwe na nyirabukwe, uko azajya yubaha umugabo we akamurinda inzara n'inyota, akamurinda gukonoza akayoga kasigaye mu gicuma cy'umugabo. Akamubwira ukuntu azajya y'ubaha abagabo babo, akabaha agaciro nkakumugabo we kuko ari baramu be ariko bikagarukira aho.Yamuganirizaga ukuntu azajya yirinda gutesha agaciro umugabo we, yirindakumena amabanga y'urugo. Yamwigishaga kandi uko azitwara n'ahura n'umugabo we, uko azakirana akirinda kumuvuna cyangwa kumukibita ku kintu cyamukomeretsa, yamuhanaga kutagira inda nini ku biryo, ko yagombaga kurya bike ahubwo akinywera amata<ref>Bashayija stanislas, Le marriage coutumier au Rwanda, Bruxelle,Larcier 1996 p. 48</ref> === c. Gushyingira === Gushyingira ku Banyarwanda ni umuhango wo guhuza umusore n'umukobwa bakarema umuryango mushya.Ni igikorwa n'imiryango ibiri yombi ihuza abana bayo ikabaremera umuryango wayo.<ref>Kananura J.C.1980 P.53</ref> ==== i. Guhagurutsa umugeni ==== M' [[Umuco nyarwanda]] umugeni ntiyapfaga gusohoka barabanzaga bakamugoragoza, akinangira, akarira, agafata inkingi ngo batamusohora munzu kugeza ubwo bamuhaye impano runaka (ubutare,umuringa,itungo runaka n'ibindi) akabona gusohoka. Iyo yabaga agisohoka mu nzu agiye gushyingirwa, yageraga ku marembo bakamusaba kuvuna agati k'inkingi y'amarembo i buryo ni bumoso agira ati: "'''Nsenye urw'iwacu ngiye kubaka urw'ahandi'''" Utwo duti yaduherezaga ababyeyi be.Ibyo byamusuriraga kuzubaka urugo rugakomera. Nyuma y'ibyo baramuherekezaga bamugeza hafi yaho agiye gushyingirwa bakamushyira mu kirago.<ref>Nzamwita Uwanziga Joy, Manners in Rwanda, basic knowledge on Rwandan culture, customs and kinyarwanda language 2015</ref> ==== ii. Kwakira umugeni no kurongora ==== [[File:Kunya maziwa.jpg|thumb|Kunywa amata ku bageni ]] Umugeni wese yaherekezwaga kwa sebukwe i wabo bamutwaje ibirongoranywa, buri muryango wateganyaga ibirongoranywa bijyanye n'ubushobozi cg ubutunzi bwabo.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://umuco.bangmedia.org/2008/03/gushyingira-no-gushyingirwa.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-09 |archive-date=2021-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210209150457/http://umuco.bangmedia.org/2008/03/gushyingira-no-gushyingirwa.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu bagiraga uburyo bunyuranye bwo kwakira umugeni hari abahitaga bamuha inka yicaye ku bibero bya sebukwe ahandi umugeni yasangaga batabye ingasire y'ikinanira mu bikingi byamarembo akayihagararaho sebukwe akamutera icyuhagiro naho nyirabukwe akamukoza umwuko mu ku ruhanga, mu gatuza no ku ntugu zombi nuko umugeni akinjira munzu. Iyo igihe cyo kurongora cyabaga kigeze sebukwe w'umukobwa, umusore, umushyingira n'abakobwa bamuherekeje bamusangaga mu mbere, mushiki w'umusore niwe wabaga amutwaje umwishywa n'imbazi bagera imbere y'umugeni umusore akayimwambika mu mutwe, hanyuma mushiki akamuhereza inkongoro y'amata akayajundika akayamucira mu maso avuga aya magambo ngo "'''Ndakurongoye ndi mwene kanaka'''"<ref name=":1">Nzajyibwami Eliphaz. Ubukwe bwa kinyarwanda n'imihango yabwo. kanama 2016</ref> === d. Gutwikurura === Gutwikurura ni umuhango ukorwa m' [[Umuco nyarwanda]] hagamijwe gusohora umugeni no kumuha uburenganzira bwo kugira imirimo akora. Mu [[Rwanda]], umugeni wese yaratinyaga akihisha ntagire umurimo numwe akora atarahabwa uburenganzira.Umuhango wo gutwikurura wabaga ugizwe n'ibice bine byingenzi: Gukura abageni mu nyegamo,Kogosha amasunzu, Guha abana amata, Kwerekana imitwa.<ref name=":0" /> === e. Gutekesha === Gutekesha cyangwa gukoza ku mashyiga wari umuhango wakorwaga n'ababyeyi b'umuhungu hagamijwe guha uburenganzira umugeni bwo kuba yakwisanzura agakora imirimo yose ikenura urugo rwe.<ref name=":1" /> === F. Guca Mwirembo no Kuramukanya === Hashize iminsi mike bashyingiwe abageni bajyaga iwabo w'umukobwa gukura ubwatsi, bajyanaga na se w'umuhungu, umuranga cg undi mukuru uri bushobore kubavugira amagambo. Iyo umuhango wo guca mu irembo utarakorwa, umukobwa ntiyabaga ashobora kujya gusura iwabo ku mugaragaro yajyagayo rwihishwa kandi agaca mu cyanzu. Gusura abageni cg kuramukanya ni umuhango wakorwaga nyuma yo guca mu irembo, Icyo gihe ababyeyi b'umukobwa bariteguraga bakajya gusura urugo rw'abana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2008/06/imihango-y-bwa-kinyarwanda.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-09 |archive-date=2021-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211204302/https://www.urwego.com/2008/06/imihango-y-bwa-kinyarwanda.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> mubukwe bwa kinyarwanda habagamo no kurongoza umwishywa.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/umuco/article/inkomoko-y-umugenzo-wo-kurongoza-umwishywa-wakoreshwaga-mu-muhango-w</ref> == Reba == [[Umuco nyarwanda]] [[Umushanana]] [[Umwami]] [[Umuganura]] == Reba ibitabo by'ifashishijwe n'amakuru yavuye kuri murandasi == [[Category:Rwanda]] <references /> [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] [[Category:Ubukwe]] 3fiqf1z68opm7xuqkeih5umpq1oh4j8 0 8741 139100 133701 2026-09-23T02:32:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139100 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q65063439}}'''[https://kfh.rw/ Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali]''' byashinzwe hagati ya 1987 na 1991 hifashishijwe ikigega cya [[Arabiya Sawudite]] gishinzwe iterambere (SFD). Ni ibitaro binini byubatse kuri Hegitari 7.9. Biherereye ahantu hirengeye kandi ifite metero kare 18,000 zubutaka bwagabanijwe hejuru yamagorofa 4 ninyubako yagutse ya metero kare 2,285 yubutaka. Ibi bitaro bitanga ubuvuzi bwihariye, harimo gusuzuma indwara no kuvura byihariye. Aho bihererye ni Kacyiru, Kigali, Rwanda, mu Karere ka Gasabo, ku muhanda wa KG 544.<ref>https://kfh.rw/our-doctors/departments/</ref> == Ibikoresho == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali bifite ibitanda 160. Ibyo bikubiyemo ibitanda 7 by'abarwayi baba byitaweho cyane (ICU), ibitanda 7 byiganjemo abantu benshi, aho babagira 5, ibitanda 7 bya Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ( NICU ), ibitanda 13 mu byumba by’ubutabazi bwihutirwa n’ibyumba 2 by’ubutabazi bwuzuye. Ibitaro kandi bifite ibaba ryigenga rifite ibyumba 8 byo mu rwego rwo hejuru, 2 muri byo ni ibyumba bya ICU. Ugereranyije, impuzandengo ya buri mwaka umubare w’abarwayi bisuzumisha ni 72,201 ,umubare mpuzandengo w’abinjira ibitaro ni 8.346, iminsi yo kumara mubitaro muri rusange ni 5. Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Kigali biherutse kugura Laboratwari nshya ya Cat ( Catheterisation ) hamwe na scaneri ya1.5 . Ibitaro kandi nibyo byonyine bifite scaneri ya CT ifite ubushobozi bwo gukata 128 mu gihugu kimwe n’imashini 13 za hemodialyse. Kuri ubu, ibitaro birimo gukora umushinga wo [https://constructionreviewonline.com/2020/01/king-faisal-hospital-in-rwanda-to-undergo-us-20m-facelift/ kuvugurura] no [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/we-want-attract-rwandan-medics-abroad-new-king-faisal-ceo kwagura] . Inzu nshya y’ubuvuzi irimo kubakwa igizwe n’ibyumba 45 by’ubujyanama n’ivuriro rishya ry’ubuvuzi rizatanga serivisi nziza. Icyiciro cya mbere cyumushinga wo kuvugurura cyibanze ku kuvugurura inzu y’ibitaro n’ibaba ryayo ryigenga ry’abarwayi. == Umwihariko == Ibi bitaro byashoye imari mu buhanga bw’ubuvuzi harimo umutima, cardio-thoracic, neurosurgie na orthopedics. undi mwihariko harimo neprology, ubuvuzi bwihutirwa, ubuvuzi bw'abana, oncology, ginecology n'ababyaza, ENT, urology, pulmonology, amenyo na serivise za maxillofacial, amaso, ubuvuzi bw'uruhu, hematology, na serivisi z’indwara. == Kwemererwa == Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali byemewe na (COHSASA). [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127184417/http://cohsasa.co.za/ COHSASA] ni urwego rufite icyicaro i Cape Town, muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] rufite impamyabumenyi y’ubuvuzi nayo yemerwa na [https://isqua.org/ ISQua], umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubuziranenge mu buvuzi.[[Dosiye:King-faisal-hospital-kigali-logo.png|thumb|153x153px|Ikirango cy'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal ( King Faisal)]] == Foundation y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal Rwanda (KFHRF) == Fondasiyo y'ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal [[Rwanda]] kuri ubu iri mu ntangiriro yayo nyuma ya gahunda y'ibikorwa yemejwe n'ibitaro mu Kwakira 2020. Mu rwego rw’ubuzima, intego nyamukuru za Fondasiyo ni ugushyigikira abashakashatsi binyuze mu kubatera inkunga, amahugurwa no koroherezwa mu gukwirakwiza amakuru y’ubushakashatsi, gushyiraho umubano w’ibikorwa n’ibigo bitera inkunga amasomo, bishingiye ku bushakashatsi no gutera inkunga amahugurwa y’abashakashatsi mu buvuzi. Igice gishinzwe imibereho myiza kigize urufatiro rw'iyi fondasiyo, ibitaro bizafasha muburyo bw'amafaranga abarwayi badafite ubushobozi bwo kwivuza bizakomeza gukangurira abaturage ibijyanye na NCDs, kwisuzumisha hakiri kare indwara zivukanwa nizisaba kubaga muburyo bwo kuzikumira. Byongeye kandi, fondasiyo izatera inkunga ingando zo kubaga / kwegera igihugu mu rwego rwo kugabanya urutonde rurerure rwo gutegereza mubindi bitaro. Hanyuma, mu rwego rw'uburezi, fondasiyo izateza imbere ibikoresho bishya byo kwiga harimo kwigira kwikoranabuhanga no gutera inkunga Ubuvuzi bukomeza (CME).<ref>https://kfh.rw/</ref><ref>https://ihf-fih.org/members/king-faisal-hospital-rwanda-rwanda/</ref> == Umumaro Wayo Mu Rwanda == King Faisal Hospital Kigali ifatwa nk’ikigo cy’ingenzi mu buvuzi bwihariye mu Rwanda, kikaba gifasha kugabanya umubare w’abarwayi boherezwa kwivuriza mu mahanga, cyane cyane abafite indwara z’umutima, impyiko n’izindi zikeneye ubuvuzi buhanitse <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuing_medical_education</ref> [[Dosiye:Tri-Service_General_Hospital_nahu-2.jpg|thumb|Inyubako z'ibitaro byitiriwe Umwami Faisal]] == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'ibitaro byo mu Rwanda * Ubuzima mu Rwanda [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207813/ Kuvugurura ibitaro bya King Faisal bitangira ukwezi gutaha] Kuva 8 Gashyantare 2017. [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda|Umwami Faisal]] 2ntdkoxq6cvi686tidjlo6nk8ocnk36 0 8750 139069 121506 2026-09-23T02:28:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139069 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ubuvuzi]] [[Dosiye:ADEPR Nyamata District Hospital.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Kiramuruzi.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Going into MRI.jpg|thumb|Ubuvuzi]] [[Dosiye:New Born baby.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Baby born.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:MRI Scanner.jpg|thumb|MRI Scanner]] [[Dosiye:Sign with Colonial-Era Building - Kabgayi Hospital - Genocide Site - Outside Muhanga-Gitarama - Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] '''Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda''' bwaranzwe no kuba ku rwego rwo hasi, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha bwateye imbere kuburyo bugaragara. [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rufite gahunda yo kwita ku buzima ikoreshwa ku isi hose, kandi ifatwa nk'imwe muri gahunda z'ubuzima bufite ireme muri [[Afurika|Afurika.]] [[File:Butaro_Hospital.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting a hospital building, with Rwandan flag, viewed from the entrance pathway|thumb| Ibitaro bya Butaro muri [[Akarere ka Burera|Burera]], Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] == Amateka == Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka 1994, ubuvuzi bw’u [[Rwanda]] bwaterwaga inkunga na [[Bamako Initiative]] nayo yaterwaga inkunga na [[UNICEF]] na [[OMS]] kandi yari yarashyizweho nabaminisitiri b’ubuzima muri [[Afurika]] mu mwaka 1987. <ref>"Bamako initiative" Archived from the original on 2006-11-28. Retrieved 2006- 12-28</ref> <ref>Caroline Kayonga towards universal health coverage in Rwanda. Summary notes from briefing Brookig Institution Washington D.C 2007</ref> Intambwe yatangijwe mu kwegereza ubuvuzi abaturage, yatangiriye kurwego rwintara hanyuma kurwego rwakarere. Ariko ibyo byahungabanijwe na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu mwaka 1994, yahagaritse gahunda y’ubuzima hamwe n’ubukungu. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, u [[Rwanda]] rwazamutse cyane mu kugarura gahunda y’ubuzima ndetse n’ubukungu bwarwo. Ndetse rwubaka imwe muri sisitemu nziza yubuzima mu karere. Mu mwaka wa 2008, [[guverinoma]] yakoresheje 9.7% y’amafaranga yakoreshejwe mu gihugu mu kwivuza, ugereranije na 3.2% mu mwaka 1996. [4] == Sisitemu y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima == Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bwabaye itegeko ku bantu bose mu mwaka 2008; [5] mu mwaka wa 2010 abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [6] Muri 2012, abagera kuri 4% gusa ni bo batari bafite ubwishingizi.mu mwaka 2020 mu [[Rwanda]] ibigo by' ubwishingizi nka [[RSSB]] abanyamuryango barishyuriwe 97.9%. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ubukungu/ubwiteganyirize/article/ibigo-bishya-by-ubwishingizi-byakomorewe-ibyo-wamenya-ku-miterere-y-uru-rwego |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-21 |archive-date=2022-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921090218/https://igihe.com/ubukungu/ubwiteganyirize/article/ibigo-bishya-by-ubwishingizi-byakomorewe-ibyo-wamenya-ku-miterere-y-uru-rwego |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Hospital - Ream National Park. Ambulance cars.jpg|center|thumb|320x320px|Ambulance]] '''Perezida Paul Kagame''' yavuze ko ubuvuzi ari kimwe mu byashyizwe imbere muri gahunda y’iterambere rya Vision 2020, [7] azamura amafaranga y’ubuvuzi kugera kuri 6.5% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu mu mwaka 2013, [8] ugereranije na 1.9% mu mwaka 1996. [9] [[Guverinoma]] yahaye inkunga n’imicungire y’ubuvuzi abaturage, binyuze muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bita ''mutuelles de santé''. [5] ''Mutuelles'' yageragejwe mu mwaka 1999, kandi ikwira mu gihugu hose mu mwaka 2000 hagati, hifashishijwe abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga mu iterambere. [5] Mutuelles iboneka kandi igacungwa ku rwego turere mirongo itatu tugize u [[Rwanda]]. Hariho kandi gahunda zitandukanye zubwishingizi bwubuzima bwigihugu kubakozi ba leta n'abasirikare. Amafaranga yatanzwe muri iyi gahunda bwa mbere yari amadolari y'Amerika kumwaka; kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 igipimo cyagiye gitandukana ukurikije ubutunzi, aho abaturage bakennye cyane bagize uburenganzira ku bwishingizi bw'indwara ku buntu ndetse n'abakire bakishyura amadorari y'Amerika 8 ku muntu mukuru. [11] Mu mwaka 2014 , abaturage barenga 90% bari bafite ubwishingizi. [12] [[Guverinoma]] yashyizeho kandi ibigo by’amahugurwa birimo ikigo nderabuzima cya [[Kigali]] (KHI), cyashinzwe mu mwaka 1997 [13] ubu kikaba kiri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka 2005, '''Perezida Kagame''' yatangije kandi gahunda izwi ku izina ''rya Gahunda ya Perezida mu kurwanya Malariya''. Iyi gahunda yari igamije gufasha kubona ibikoresho nkenerwa mu gukumira malariya cyane cyane mu byaro, nk'inzitiramubu n'imiti. U [[Rwanda]] rukurikiza icyitegererezo cy’ubuzima rusange, gitanga ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima binyuze muri ''mutuelles de santé''. Iyo Sisitemu ni gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima bw'abaturage, aho abatuye mu gace runaka bishyura amafaranga mu kigega cy’ubuzima cyaho, kandi bakaba bashobora kuyakuramo igihe bakeneye ubuvuzi. Amafaranga yishyurwa akurikije igipimo, aho abatindi nyakujya bafite uburenganzira bwo kwivuza kubuntu, mugihe abakire bishyura amafaranga menshi kandi bakagira nandi bishyura mu kwivuza. Mu mwaka wa 2012, hafi 45% ya sisitemu yatewe inkunga no kwishyura amafaranga menshi, asigaye ava mu nkunga ya leta n'abaterankunga mpuzamahanga. == Ubushobozi == Sisitemu y’ubuzima y’u [[Rwanda]] ifite ibigo nderabuzima 499, ibiro by’ubuzima 680 bigira uruhare runini muri gahunda z’ubuvuzi nko gukingira na serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro, amavuriro menshi, n’ibitaro 42 by’akarere. [[Imidugudu]] y'igihugu iba ifite abajyanama b'ubuzima. Hari ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu, aribyo bitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya Kigali, ibitaro byigisha bya kaminuza bya [[Butare]], ibitaro bya [[Ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal, Kigali|King Faisal Kigali]] n'ibitaro bya gisirikare byo mu [[Rwanda]]. Abateye imbere muri bo ni [[ibitaro byitiriwe umwami Faisal]], byigenga ku buryo bugamije inyungu na guverinoma ariko bikagira uruhare muri gahunda y’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku rwego rw’igihugu, bityo bikakira abarwayi boherejwe n’ibindi bitaro n’amavuriro. Nibyo bitaro byateye imbere cyane mu [[Rwanda]], bifite imashini ya CT na MRI, imashini ebyiri za dialyse, hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye bwo kubaga. Amavuriro y'u [[Rwanda]] afite ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi by'ibanze hamwe n'akabati k'imiti ya ngombwa. Ibitaro byakarere bitanga serivisi zibanze zo kubaga, kandi byose bifite byibuze abaganga 15. Abakeneye ubuvuzi buhanitse kandi bwihariye boherezwa muri kimwe mu bitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe mu gihugu. Mu gihugu hari ibigo bitanu byita ku barwayi, ikigo cya kanseri mu [[Rwanda]] giherereye mu bitaro bya Butaro, n'ibitaro bine byoherezwamo indembe ku rwego rw'igihugu. <ref>[https://www.uicc.org/case-studies/strengthening-advanced-breast-cancer-care-rwanda-through-improved-care-coordination Strengthening advanced breast cancer care in Rwanda through improved care coordination]</ref> Hari ihuriro ryabajyanama b'ubuzima bashinzwe ubuzima 58.286 batanga ubuvuzi bw'ibanze mu midugudu 14.837. U [[Rwanda]] rufite abaganga bacye, rwari rufite abaganga 0,84 gusa, barimo abaforomo, n'ababyaza kubantu 1000 mu 2013. [18] Ishami ry'Umuryango w'abibumye ryita ku iterambere (UNDP) rikurikirana iterambere ry'ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]] hagamijwe kugera ku ntego z'ikinyagihumbi 4-6, zikaba zifitanye isano nubuvuzi. Raporo ya UNDP rwagati mu mwaka wa 2015 yavuze ko u [[Rwanda]] rwari rutaragera ku ntego ya 4 ku mfu z'abana, nubwo "zari zaragabanutse cyane"; [19] igihugu "kirimo gutera imbere" kigana ku ntego ya 5, ari yo kugabanya bitatu bya kane by’imfu z’ababyeyi bapfa babyara, [20] mu gihe intego ya 6 itaragerwaho kuko ubwandu bwa virusi itera [[SIDA]] butaratangira kugabanuka. [21] U [[Rwanda]] rwashyizeho gahunda y’imyaka irindwi rwatangiye mu mwaka wa 2013 rugaragaza abarimu b’ubuvuzi n’abaganga babarirwa mu magana baturutse mu bigo 25 by’ubuvuzi byo muri [[Amerika]], birimo Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuvuzi rya Harvard, Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Yale, n’Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Duke, bahugura abakozi b’ubuvuzi bo mu [[Rwanda]] kandi bashyiraho amahugurwa na gahunda yo gutura, nyuma y'imyaka irindwi,biteganyijwe ko izayoborwa na guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] n'ingengo y’imari yayo, abarimu, n’abaganga bayo. == Reba kandi == * Ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba == [[Category:Ubuvuzi mu Rwanda| ]] oneww56t64xvddw4y4jd95qf14oagqs 0 8833 139134 114380 2026-09-23T02:39:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139134 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gahanga Cricket Stadium.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy'umukino wa Cricket mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:KicukiroDist.png|thumb|Aho ikibuga giherereye]] Stade nkuru y'umukino wa cricket mu Rwanda ibarizwa i Gahanga mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], ikaba [[Dosiye:Gahanga_Cricket_Oval_in_Kicukiro.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga cya Cricket ]] ariyo stade mpuzamahanga ya Cricket mu Rwanda <ref name="KT">https://www.cricketbuildshope.org/gahanga-cricket-stadium</ref> == Amateka == Muri Kanama 2011, Fondasiyo ya Sitade ya Cricket mu Rwanda yashinzwe nk'igikorwa cy’urukundo, ikora nka sosiyete idashingiye ku nyungu, hagamijwe ko yubaka ikanacunga ikibuga cy’imikino mpuzamahanga cya mbere cyeguriwe [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. kubaka iki kibuga byarangiye muri Werurwe 2017. Iherereye kuri hegitari 4.5 ku nkombe ya [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru [[Rwanda|w'u Rwanda.]] <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/15/rwanda-cricket-stadium-massacre-site Cricket stadium to rise in shadow of Rwandan massacre]</ref> Kuri ubu stade yakira amarushanwa ya Kwibuka Women T20 ngarukamwaka, Iyi nkunga iyobowe n'itsinda ry'abakunzi ba Cricket baturutse mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] no mu [[Rwanda]] ku bufatanye na Fondasiyo ya Marylebone Cricket Club. Mu mwaka wa 2012, Brian Lara <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIVERSITY CRICKET at OXFORD |url=http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s |accessdate=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2015-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930143746/http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s |deadurl=yes }}</ref> yemeye kuba umwe mu ba Patron b'ubutaka. Iyi Sitade kandi ishyigikiwe n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza, David Cameron, Andrew Mitchell, Jonathan Agnew, Heather Knight, Peter Gummer, Baron Chadlington <ref>{{Cite web |title=MCC |url=http://mccfoundation.co.uk/398/rwanda-2/ |accessdate=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143953/http://mccfoundation.co.uk/398/rwanda-2/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref>[http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/Fields-Of-Dreams/index.html Field of dreams]</ref> Muri 2018, ikibanza cyatoranijwe kugira ngo kizakire imikino mumatsinda ya 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier Itsinda ry'iburasirazuba. Iyi stade kandi yakiriye amarushanwa ya T20 y'abagore ya Kwibuka ya 2019, amarushanwa ya Cricket y'abagore, mu rwego rwo kwibuka abishwe na [[jenoside yo mu [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Rwanda]] mu 1994.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/challengers-cricket-club-na-charity-cricket-club-zegukanye-shampiyona-ya-2019</ref> [[File:Gahanga Cricket Stadium.jpg|thumb|Gahanga Cricket Stadium]] == Inyandiko mpuzamahanga == === Abagore Ikinyejana cya 20 === Ibinyejana bine WT20I byatsinzwe aho byabereye. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%" !Oya. ! Amanota ! Umukinnyi ! Ikipe ! Imipira ! Ikipe irwanya ! Udushya ! Itariki ! Igisubizo |- | 1 | 116 | Prosscovia Alako | Uganda |  71 | Mali | 1 | 20 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 2 | 103 * | Rita Musamali | Uganda |  61 | Mali | 1 | 20 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 3 | 114 * | Marie Bimenyimana |Rwanda |  81 |Mali | 1 | 21 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 4 | 108 * | Fatuma Kibasu |Tanzaniya |  71 |Mali | 1 | 22 June 2019 | Watsinze |} ==== Abagore Twenty20 Mpuzamahanga batwara amajwi atanu ==== Imikino imwe ya WT20I yatwaye amajwi atanu yafatiwe aha hantu. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%" !# ! Imibare ! Umukinnyi ! Igihugu ! Udushya ! Murwanya ! Itariki ! Igisubizo |- | '''1''' | 5/0 | Nasra Saidi | Tanzaniya | 2 | Mali | 22 June 2019 | Watsinze |- |}   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.rcsf.org.uk/ Fondasiyo ya Cricket ya Rwanda] * [http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/731981.html ikinyamakuru espncricinfo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150930143746/http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s UNICERSITY CRICKET kuri OXFORD] == Ishakiro == [[Category:Imikino]] [[Category:Rwanda stadium]] <references /> [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abagore]] 1kmrajp54r4y5qlrjv9s10e0sfv86e6 0 8838 139135 103626 2026-09-23T02:39:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139135 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Muammar al-Gaddafi-3-30112006.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Libya.svg|center|thumb|480x480px|libya country]] [[Dosiye:Muammar al-Gaddafi at the AU summit.jpg|thumb|Muammar al-Gaddafi]] '''Muammar Muhammad Abu Abd nk'uko-Salam al-Minya Qaddhafí''' (mu mu Arabic : '''معمر القذافي''' Muammar ''al-Gaddafi'' amatwi <small>( ·? Pp. )</small> ), Ubusanzwe yandukuraga mu '''Muammar el-Gaddafi''' kandi akenshi yitwa '''colonel Gaddafi''' (butayu Sirte, Nyakanga 7 ya 1942 - 20 Ukwakira mu 2011 ) yari umuntu gisirikare umunyapolitiki Libya, umukuru w'igihugu kuva 1969 ngo 2011 , umwaka w'impinduramatwara ya [[Libiya]]. q50p6pkn4w24v0rom85e7k9h5ij3kw2 0 8868 139455 78388 2026-09-23T09:47:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139455 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Vianello Mondaini 1962.jpg|thumb|300px|Vaniello Mondaini]] [[Dosiye:Sandra_Mondaini.jpg|thumb|Sandra Mondaini]] '''Alessandrina "Sandra" Mondaini''' ( Italian: [ˈSandra mondaˈiːni] ; 1 Nzeri 1931 &#x2013; 21 Nzeri 2010) yari umukinnyi wa filime w' umutaliyani akaba kandi yarayoboraga ibiganiro kuri televiziyo. Yagaragaye muri filime 30 hagati ya 1953 na 2008. Yavukiye i Milan mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]], ashakana n'umukinnyi wa filime Raimondo Vianello mu 1962. Afatanije n' umugabo we, yakiriye ibiganiro bitandukanye kuri tereviziyo y' Ubutaliyani harimo: ''Tante scuse'', ''Di nuovo tante scuse'', ''Attenti a noi due'', ''Sandra e Raimondo Show'' na ''Stasera niente di nuovo''. Hagati ya 1988 na 2007 yagize uruhare runini muri sitcom, Casa Vaniello izwi cyane yo mu Butaliyani. Ibikorwa bye bya nyuma yari filime ya''Crociera Vianello'' yakuwe muri ''Casa Vianello''. Yapfuye ku ya 21 Nzeri 2010 i Milan afite imyaka 79, amezi atanu nyuma y'uko umugabo we apfuye. <ref>[http://www.italymagazine.com/italy/milano/italy-says-farewell-sandra Italy says farewell to Sandra]</ref> == Amashusho == * ''[[Attanasio cavallo vanesio]]'' (1953) - Soubrettina * ''[[Laugh! Laugh! Laugh!]]'' (1954) - Innamorata litigiosa * ''[[No, no, Nanette]]'' (1955) (TV) * ''[[Io piaccio]]'' (1955) - The Harassing Woman at Theatre * ''Motivo in maschera'' (1955) * ''[[Il campanile d'oro]]'' (1955) - Rosetta * ''[[Susanna tutta panna]]'' (1957) - Marisa Trombetti * ''[[Le dritte]]'' (1958) - Rina Bettini * ''[[La ragazza indiavolata]]'' (1958) (TV) * ''[[Il gatto in cantina]]'' (1958) (TV) * ''[[Noi siamo due evasi]]'' (1959) - Isabella * ''[[Tom Jones (TV series)|Tom Jones]]'' (1960) (TV) * ''[[Caccia al marito]]'' (1960) - Ilde Cavazza * ''[[Le olimpiadi dei mariti]]'' (1960) - Sandra, Raimondo's wife * ''[[Un mandarino per Teo]]'' (1960) - Rosanella Ferrante * ''[[Ferragosto in bikini]]'' (1960) - La padrona della pensione Stella (voice) * ''[[Bellezze sulla spiaggia]]'' (1961) * ''[[Hercules in the Valley of Woe]]'' (1961) * ''[[Scandali al mare]]'' (1961) - Alba * ''[[Le magnifiche sette]]'' (1961) - Sergente Stefania * ''[[La ragazza sotto il lenzuolo]]'' (1961) - Greta * ''Gli italiani e le donne'' (1962) - Livia (segment "L'Auto-garçonniere") * ''[[Il coraggio]]'' (1962) (TV) * ''[[Principesse Violini e Champagne]]'' (1963) (TV) * ''[[The Shortest Day|Il giorno più corto]]'' (1963) - Erede Siciliana (uncredited) * ''[[Le motorizzate]]'' (1963) - The Lady Driver (segment "Un Investimento Sicuro") * ''[[Siamo tutti pomicioni]]'', regia di [[Marino Girolami]] (1963) - Lidia - Floro's wife (segment "Il piazzista") * ''[[La donna degli altri è sempre più bella]]'' (1963) - La signora Parodi (segment "La natura vergine") * ''[[I maniaci]]'' (1964) - Paolo's Wife (segment "i consigli") * ''[[Cadavere per signora|Corpse for the Lady]]'' (1964) - Marina * ''[[Questo pazzo, pazzo mondo della canzone]]'' (1965) * ''[[Spiaggia libera]]'' (1966) - Maria - la moglie dell'ingegnere * ''[[Mi vedrai tornare]]'' (1966) - Moglie di Tommasso, cameriera * ''[[Veneri in collegio]]'' (1966) - Leontine * ''[[A... come assassino]]'' (1966) * ''[[Due dozzine di rose scarlatte]]'' (1966) (TV) * ''[[Chi non prova non ci crede]]'' (1968) (TV) * ''[[Bertoldo Bertoldino e Cacasenno]]'' (1969) (TV) * ''[[La donna di cuori]]'' (1969) (TV) - Brigitte Ansara * ''[[Sbirulino]]'' (1982) - Sbirulino * ''[[Casa Vianello]]'' (1988-2006) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[Cascina Vianello]]'' (1996) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[Caro maestro]]'' (1996) (TV) - Aunt Ottilia * ''[[Caro maestro 2]]'' (1997) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[I misteri di Cascina Vianello]]'' (1997) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini * ''[[Crociera Vianello]]'' (2008) (TV) - Sandra Mondaini {{div col end}} == Reba == {{Reflist}}  == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Sandra Mondaini at IMDb * Sandra Mondaini at AllMovie [[Category:Abakinnyi ba filime muri Milan]] 5hj6jkdwdv0sivykf989vr2uumdcsym 0 8901 139101 117964 2026-09-23T02:32:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139101 wikitext text/x-wiki Kiriziya y, umuryango mutagatifu ,Ikigali iherereye mukarere ka nuarugenge {{Infobox church|name=Sainte-Famille Church|image=Ste.-Famille Church - Genocide Site - Viewed through Trees - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|caption=Sainte-Famille Church, Kigali|pushpin map=Rwanda|pushpin label position=|pushpin map alt=|pushpin mapsize=250|map caption=Location in Rwanda|coordinates={{coord|-1.94455|30.06352|format=dms|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline,title}}|dedication=Holy Family|denomination=Catholic|churchmanship=|presbytery=|minister=|organist=|website=}} '''Kiriziya ya Sainte-Famille''' (Itorero ryumuryango Mutagatifu) ni [[Kiliziya Gatolika|kiliziya gatolika]] i Kiyovu, mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Iherereye ku musozi, hafi y'akarere k'ubucuruzi ka Nyarugenge. == Ubwubatsi ==[[File:Paroisse ste famille.jpg|thumb|Paroisse ste famille]] Inyubako yubatswe mumatafari atukura, ariko uruhande rwayo rwarimbishijwe namakaro yumweru. Usibye iyo paruwasi, harimo n'ihoteli, ivuriro, ishuri ryibanze, ishuri ritwara ibinyabiziga n’inyubako zahawe abantu na paruwasi. == Amateka == Iyi nyubako yubatswe mu 1913, ni rimwe mu matorero manini yo muri uyu mujyi. [[File:Rwanda_Kigali_Eglise_de_la_Sainte_Famille_001.jpg|left|thumb| Sainte Famille, urubuga rwa jenoside]] Muri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi 1994, ibihumbi [[Abatutsi|by'abatutsi]] bahungiye muri iryo torero kandi benshi baricwa, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]]. Ababibonye bavuze ko umupadiri wari ushinzwe iryo torero, Padiri Wenceslas Munyeshyaka, yitwaje intwaro kandi afasha imitwe yitwara gisirikare y’Abahutu gukura abantu muri iryo torero kugira ngo bicwe. Munyeshyaka ni we wari nyirabayazana w'ubwo bwicanyi bwinshi, yemera ko "reka imitwe yitwara gisirikare itora abo bashaka buri kanya." Wenceslas Munyeshyaka yangaga abatutsi abita ''inyenzi''. Nyuma yibi bibaye hamwe nandi asa nandi matorero, benshi mubanyarwanda binjiye mubuyisilamu  . Nyuma y’imyaka icumi, papa [[Antoine Kambanda]], umuyobozi w’ishami ryaho ry’umuryango utabara imbabare wa Caritas, yemeye ko bamwe mu bagize kiliziya gatolika bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi, nubwo abandi bakoze uko bashoboye kugira ngo babakumire. == Reba ==   t19f9hrb5jc4c8qep193vxl2438a2q9 0 8931 139088 123021 2026-09-23T02:30:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139088 wikitext text/x-wiki == Introduction == Satellite positioning systems, real-time traffic maps, ride hailing services ,and e-commerce… all of these applications are enabled by location-based – or “geospatial” – technology and information. Geospatial technology broadly includes mapping and surveying techniques, remote sensing, photogrammetry, cartography, Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Geographical Information Systems (GIS)<ref>https://www.aaas.org/programs/scientific-responsibility-human-rights-law/overview-geospatial-project</ref> With its unique ability for acquisition, integration and analysis of geographically referenced spatial information, this technology has in recent times been recognized as an effective tool for planning, management and decision making in Rwanda, across Africa and worldwide. [[Image:Survey instruments-2.png|thumb|A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics]] The major sectors using geospatial technology in [[Rwanda]] are: Land use and land management, infrastructure in roads, electrical networks and water supply systems, in environmental management etc. == Vision == The geospatial technologies are broadly included in the vision 2050 of [[Rwanda]], The development of National land use master plans, Kigali master plan, satellites cities and secondary cities for the vision up to 2050 reflect a concentration on proper planning ahead and integrate various infrastructure projects with big ideas. One most important pillar to achieve these objectives is the innovation brought in human capital development for the capacity building for the young generation and these have to be inclusive leaving no one behind in the knowledge of geospatial technologies and its optimum use being basic or advanced skills in Geographic Information Systems especially in land use planning. With the main 4 drivers of the economy being the innovation, integration, agglomeration and competition as stipulated in the study by the ministry of finance in collaboration with the world bank. The geospatial market comprises four identifiable components – data, software, hardware and services.  Of these two segments, data and services have shown significant growth in Rwanda. The major Geographic Information System software providers are ESRI Rwanda as proprietary   and QGIS as open source Various initiatives and programs have been introduced to pave way for an assured future knowledge economy : these include the Rwanda Space Agency which was established in 2020.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/03/parliament-approves-law-establishing-rwanda-space-agency/</ref> == History == The use of geospatial technologies start back in use of national  cartography  where theodolites and other traditional means were used, from the maps delineating the country boundaries produced back in the Berlin conference which regulated the European colonization. == Policies == Geospatial technologies regulations in Rwanda are favored by the general ICT policies which have a privilege's advantage in order to advance a knowledge based economy these are reflected in the tax exemptions on the geodetic equipment and other needed infrastructure in the field. the use of accurate measurement in land survey and plots subdivision is mandatory (less than 5 cm ) based on the geodetic network which covers the whole country. Major regulations governing the promotion of the use of geospatial technologies are : National data reproduction policy<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/file/5410/download?token=r0nXaTAv |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204619/https://statistics.gov.rw/file/5410/download?token=r0nXaTAv |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Education == One of the pillars of the use of geospatial technologies is in the evolution from the academia, where most of the students acquired the knowledge and contributed in the promotion of these technologies in their various responsibilities across the public and private sector. *  The Centre for Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing was created in 1999 at National University of Rwanda with the overall objective to enhance regional capacity in conservation science and related technologies and the Mission to promote teaching, research, consultancy and community service in GIS and Remote Sensing to address issues related to Environment and Natural Resources Management, Disaster Risk Management, Urban and Regional Planning towards economic transformation and [[Sustainable development|sustainable development at national]] and regional levels <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cst.ur.ac.rw/Centre-for-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-CGIS |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723222040/https://www.cst.ur.ac.rw/Centre-for-GIS-and-Remote-Sensing-CGIS |url-status=dead }}</ref>. The center played a key role in the first capacity building initiatives for [[land registration]] and applications in agriculture and health *  INES Ruhengeri has contributed in training qualified and competent surveyors and in land administration with strong knowledge and professional skills so to mitigate the challenges related to the scarcity of competent land surveyors in the labor market, and act as an outreach regional center for surveying services.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ines.ac.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210618175951/https://ines.ac.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Rwanda polytechnic,  [[IPRC-Kigali|IPRC Kigal]]<nowiki/>i offers  two programs which are related to Geospatial technologies: Quantity surveying and land surveying  where subjects of Measurements of Civil Engineering works, Engineering Surveying theory & practice, Workshop Practices in Quantity Surveying & Construction Technology, Property Valuation & Construction Law, Basics Topography and Surveying Equipment &Topographical Surveying, Surveying Mathematics &Surveying CAD Software's Principles of [[Quantity surveying|Quantity Surveying]] &Highway Engineering, Elementary Geodesy, Astronomy Cadastral Surveying and Mapping are though among others.  * [[University of Kigali|Independent University of Kigali]] has set up  a polytechnic wing with vocation to practically train among others professional surveyors * [[Saint Joseph's University|Saint Joseph]] Integrated Technical College, SJITC <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sjitc.ac.rw/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624211039/https://sjitc.ac.rw/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> has been very active in the vocational training of technicians in the field of surveying. Private business and associations have actively started using geospatial technologies and definitely contributing to the capacity building in the field. among them : * [[ESRI|ESRI Rwanda]] Esri has been supporting GIS projects in Rwanda since 2000, partnering with various ministries, the National University of Rwanda (NUR), and the Kigali Institute of Technology [[KIST-FM|(KIST)]]. On August 19, 2010, Esri established a local company serving the users of Esri products locally in Kigali. Since then it has been the official and only distributor for all Esri products and related services in Rwanda, [[Burundi]], and – since 2012 – the Republic of [[Congo Brazzaville|Congo]].  * CHARIS UAS : [[Drone|Drone company]] in Rwanda and leader in drone services and manufacturing. provides high-quality aerial imagery and data solutions in order to support intelligent decision making that can solve some of [[Africa|Africa’s biggest challenges]]. Specializing  in understanding customer requirements, build and system integrate [[UAV|UAV sensors]], and provide drone data solutions that deliver high quality results. These include UAS consulting, UAV building and system integration, pilot and safety training, maintenance of UAVs and much more. * Associations and umbrellas of civil society have also been established, these include the Rwanda organization of land surveyors<ref>https://twitter.com/rwandaols</ref> , Rwanda association of urban planners and many more == Government services related to Geospatial technologies == * The Government of Rwanda has established a [[National Land Company|National Land Registry]] through a wide Land Tenure Regularization Program that commenced in July 2009. The Registry holds all land records encompassing land ownership information and other vital information benefiting both land owners and anyone who needs to make a commitment over a given piece of land. * The Land Information Inquiry Portal was established by [[Kinyarwanda|Rwanda Land Management]] and Use Authority to help land owners, citizens, organizations and [[Investor|investors]] to confirm land ownership, to check the land area, land use and the planned use, to verify whether a parcel has any restriction or a mortgage registered against it, if there is an ongoing transaction on the parcel * Rwanda geodetic network, a 10 sites Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) serves in the accurate land survey and infrastructure survey <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rlma.rw/index.php?id=41&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=252&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=e27d93397f3e8bae2c67699b55d26205 |title=https://rlma.rw/index.php |access-date=2021-06-24 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624205936/https://rlma.rw/index.php?id=41&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=252&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=e27d93397f3e8bae2c67699b55d26205 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Kigali master plan and other land use planning tools are available online and may serve in proper land acquisition <ref>http://masterplan2020.kigalicity.gov.rw/</ref> == The trends of Geospatial Technologies in Rwanda == The trends in the use of geospatial technologies are in various forms, * For instance, semi-automated geospatial solutions based on earth observation, [[Urban|urban sensing]], and mobile contact-tracing coupled with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer vision are spreading fast and have been used in tracing in Rwanda, and notably dominate the [[COVID-19|COVID-19 analysis.]] With the increase of mobile technology and communications, handheld smartphones have democratized mapping, moving [[geospatial technology]] into the hands of every individual. * It is expected that Lidar technologies will be used in wetlands surveying in Kigali and this will complete and correct the previous surveys of wetlands which were based on observation and mapping without proper technologies to delineate these wetlands * The national statistics census is among the main users of these technologies and these will be enhanced in the upcoming 2022 national census References <!-- Inline citations added to your article will automatically display here. See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:REFB for instructions on how to add citations. --> {{reflist}} 1u9lu9vezw2m7h806u8enc8mvx6pci7 0 8950 139230 122141 2026-09-23T07:25:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139230 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ubusobanuro bwa Monument == Monument ni ubwoko bw'inyubako yubatswe hagambiriwe kwizihiza umuntu cyangwa ibirori bifite icyo bivuze ku bantu runaka nk' uburyo bwo [[kwibuka]] ibihe byabo mu mateka cyangwa umurage w'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] kubera akamaro byagize mu [[Ubuhinzi bw'amashu|ubuhanzi]] bwabo, mu mateka, politiki, Tekiniki cyangwa imyubakire<ref>Caves, R. W. (2004). ''Encyclopedia of the City''. Routledge. p.&nbsp;470. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0415252256</bdi>.</ref>Zimwe muri monuments za mbere zari inyubako nini cyane za dolemns cg menhirs zubatswe kubera iyobokamana cg aho gushyingura.Ingero za monuments zirimo ibibumbano i[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|nzibutso]] z intambara, [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu z'amateka]], ahantu hari ibisigaratongo, n'ibikorwa Iyo hari inyungu rusange mu kuzibungabunga, monument ishobora kujya ku rutonde rwa UNESCO rw'ahantu ndangamurage<ref>[[:en:World_Heritage_Site|World Heritage Site]].</ref> == Ethimology ==[[File:Ikibuye cya SHARI.jpg|thumb|Ikibuye cya SHARI]] Imvano y'ijambo "monument" riva mu [[Ikigereki|kigereki]] mnemosynon ndetse n 'ikiratini moneo, monere, bisobanuye '[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|kwibutsa]]' 'kugira inama' cyangwa 'kuburira'<ref>https://www.thefreedictionary.com/monument</ref> Bivuze ko monument idufasha kubona ahahise bikadufasha kureba ahazaza mugihe kiri imbere<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=1P_bTHtdTwkC&redir_esc=y</ref> == Kurema n imikorere == [[File:Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI).jpg|thumb|Rwanda cultural house (NYAKATSI)]] Mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]] ijambo "monumental" rikunda gukore‐shwa mu kwerekana ikintu gifite ubunini n'imbaraga ariko ishobora no gusobanura ikintu cyo kwibuka abapfuye cg ikindi kintu kiranga aho bashyinguye.Monuments zashinzwe imyaka ibihumbi ishize, ziraramba kandi ni ibimenyetso bya [[Umuco nyarwanda|gakondo]] za kera Prehistoric tumuli, dolmens n izindi nyubako byakozwe ku bwinshi mu mico ya prehistoire ku isi hose. Imva z abari abakire n abari abakomeye ni imwe mu isoko y amakuru n ubuhanzi bwo muri iyo mico<ref>Patton, Mark (1993) ''Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany''. Routledge, London, <nowiki>ISBN 0415067294</nowiki>, pp. 1–7</ref>. Uko abantu bagiye bagira uburyo bwo kuba organized, ni nako hagiye hubakwa monuments zigoye kuba zasenywa nka Pyramide zo mu Misiri, Greek Parthenon, the Great Wall yo mu [[Ubushinwa|bushinwa]], Taj Mahal yo mu buhinde cyangwa Moai Easter island. Byabaye ibimenyetso bya civilizations zabo. Mu bihe bya vuba, inyubako za monuments nk ibibumbano bya liberte na Eiffel Tower byabaye ibimenyetso bya leta zigezweho. Ijambo monumentality rihuzwa n ikimenyetso no kuba hubatswe monument Ni muri urwo rwego umunya mateka w umudage [[Amasezerano Mpuzamahanga yo Kurengera Ibimera|Helmut Scharf]] avuga ko "monument ibaho mu buryo bufatika ikaba n ikimenyetso" nk ikimenyetso cy [[ururimi]], monument igaragaza ikintu kiriho mu buryo budasanzwe budakunze kuboneka ikagaragara nka metaphore. Igifatwa nka monument buri gihe kigendera ku cyabaye mu [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|mateka]] cg mu mibanire y abantu Mu byukuri, uburyo bwo gusobanura bugendera kuko icyi gihe babona ayo mateka. Uburyo bw'umuco wo kwibuka no n urwibutso rw [[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco]] birahura cyane. Ubirebeye Mu buryo bw amateka dichotomy bw ikirimo nuko gikoze bifungura ibibazo bya linguistic ability byiyo monument. Ibi bigaragaza ko ururimi ari igice kimwe kigize monument kigaragazwa nk ikidafatika. Muri uko kubihuza, ikiganirwaho ni uburyo bw imibereho bihuza no kwibuka. Ibi ibyemeza monuments nk ikintu gifatika == Reba == f2s78gvqn0hwwf5golp3y51hf414h10 0 9219 139048 122874 2026-09-23T00:47:46Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139048 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Kabera''' (wavutse 1970) ni umunyamakuru w' [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]], umukinnyi wa firime akaba ari nawe washinze akaba na perezida w’ikigo cya Sinema cy’u Rwanda.(Rwanda Cinema Center<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/eric-kabera/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://changingthestory.leeds.ac.uk/profiles/cesar-kwetu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111113034/https://changingthestory.leeds.ac.uk/profiles/cesar-kwetu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ibikorwa Yakoze == Kabera ni we washinze kandi akaba na perezida w’ikigo cya Sinema cy’u Rwanda(Rwanda Cinema Center), umuryango ugamije guteza imbere inganda za firime mu gihugu. <ref name="ALL">Kisambira, Timothy. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200804071400.html Rwanda: The Golden Experience of the Silver Screen], [[AllAfrica.com]], April 6, 2008. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> <ref name="NEW">Gathoni, Peninnah. [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/index.php?issue=13816&article=13639 Fifth Film Festival to be held in June], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', 2009. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> Kabera yabanje gushyiraho Ikigo nk'umuryango uzahugura abakora amafilime mashya ariko, kuva 2005, iki kigo cyamenyekanye cyane mugutegura iserukiramuco rya cinema ngarukamwaka. <ref name="INDEP">Bloomfield, Steve. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/welcome-to-hillywood-how-rwandas-film-industry-emerged-from-genocides-shadow-463541.html Welcome to Hillywood: how Rwanda's film industry emerged from genocide's shadow], ''[[The Independent]]'', August 30, 2007. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> <ref name="ALL" /> <ref name="NEW" /> Iserukiramuco rya sinema mu [[Rwanda]], ryiswe "Hillywood" kubera izina ry'u [[Rwanda]] ryiswe "Igihugu cy'imisozi igihumbi", ni umunsi mukuru w'ingendo. Bitewe n'icyifuzo cya Kabera cyo kwerekana amafilime ku bantu benshi bashoboka, iserukiramuco ntiribera mu murwa mukuru wa [[Kigali|Kigali gusa]] ahubwo ni filime, cyane cyane izakozwe n'abakora amafilime yo mu Rwanda, . <ref name="INDEP" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/eric-kabera-keeper-of-rwanda-s-memory/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111113033/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/eric-kabera-keeper-of-rwanda-s-memory/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kabera yatangaje ko ibirori bizatera intambwe yo kutibanda gusa ku kibazo cya jenoside; kurusha ibindi bibazo byimibereho y'u [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="ABC">[https://web.archive.org/web/20090508141634/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/03/28/2201394.htm Don't mention the genocide: Rwanda film industry moves on], [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]], March 28, 2008. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/entertainers-share-recap-their-2020</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Inguzanyo |- | 2001 |''[[:en:100_Days_(2001_film)|100 Days]]'' | Producer |- | 2004 |''[[:en:Keepers_of_Memory|Keepers of Memory]]'' | Umwanditsi, umuyobozi, producer |- | 2008 |''[[:en:Iseta:_Behind_the_Roadblock|Iseta: Behind the Roadblock]]'' | Umufatanyabikorwa |- | 2010 |''[[:en:Africa_United_(2010_film)|Africa United]]'' | Producer |} == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] e3v9rhlvh2gtpq8bhgt6zdpc8rhulse 0 9225 139032 115318 2026-09-22T23:49:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139032 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Our Father Official Poster.jpg|thumb|Ikirango cya Abouna Filimi|386x386px]] '''''Abouna''''' ( Arabic , English: "Our Father") ni filimi yo muri [[Cade|Chad]] yakinwe muri 2002,iyoborwa na Mahamat Saleh Haroun . Yafatiwe amashusho ahitwa Gaoui na N'Djamena, Tchad.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2002/nov/22/artsfeatures5</ref> == Umugambi == Abahungu babiri (Tahir na Amine) babyutse mugitondo basanga se yataye umuryango wabo<ref>https://transmettrelecinema.com/film/abouna-notre-pere/</ref>. Barumiwe, batangira kwitwara nabi. Mugihe bareba firime, batekereza ko babona se avugana nabo ,bakiba firime kugirango babone izo kureba<ref>https://www.intofilm.org/films/3084</ref>. Nyina wabo (Achta) amaherezo yihebye maze abohereza ku ishuri rya Koran<ref>https://mountainx.com/movies/reviews/abouna-php/</ref>. Ntibishimye, bateganya guhunga kugeza umuhungu w'imfura akundana n'umukobwa utumva (Khalil)<ref>https://www.reseau-canope.fr/atelier-val-d-oise/cinema/Abouna</ref>. == Gukina no gutanga umusaruro == Ahidjo Mahamat Moussa wakinnye Tahir wimyaka 15, yahawe abahungu ngo ahitemo gukina murumuna we Amine. Yahavuye ahitamo Hamza Moctar Aguid wimyaka umunani kuko yumvaga ko Aguid ashobora kuba murumuna we.<ref>https://www.screendaily.com/abouna-our-father/4011522.article</ref> Nyuma ya buri munsi wo gufata amashusho, film yoherejwe ibirometero 2600 i [[Paris]] kugirango itunganyirizwe<ref>https://www.kviff.com/en/programme/film/3/29-abouna</ref>. Gusa nyuma yo gutegereza iminsi myinshi, iyo ijambo ryagarukaga rivuga ko ntakibazo, gufata amashusho byarakomezaga. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100311131335/http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/cinema/features/abouna.shtml ''Abouna''] by Josh Hillman, [[BBC Four]]</ref> == Ibihembo == Filime yatsindiye ibihembo bikurikira: <ref>[https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0307913/awards Awards], [[IMDb]]</ref> * 2002 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Hong Kong : Igihembo cya Firebird - Kuvuga bidasanzwe * 2002 Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Kerala: Igihembo cya FIPRESCI hamwe na Crow Pheasant * 2003 Iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Ouagadougou Panafrican : Igihembo cy'imbuto za Baobab, Cinematografi nziza, Igihembo cya INALCO n'igihembo cya UNICEF ku bwana == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] s5joqmc4dzs8a68obo98m6802p0nkat 0 9253 139164 130936 2026-09-23T03:13:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139164 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Virunga''''' ni filime documentaire yo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] yakinwe muri 2014 iyobowe na Orlando von Einsiedel<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rocoeducational.com/virunga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111060015/https://www.rocoeducational.com/virunga |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Yibanze ku bikorwa byo kubungabunga abashinzwe parike muri pariki ya [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Virunga ya]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]] mu gihe havutse imyigaragambyo ikaze ya M23 mu mwaka wa 2012<ref>https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/27525/virunga</ref>, kandi ikora iperereza ku bikorwa by’isosiyete ikora peteroli yo mu Bwongereza Soco International mu murage ndangamurage wa UNESCO<ref>https://variety.com/2020/film/news/leonardo-dicaprio-barry-jenkins-virunga-1234646865/</ref>. Soco International yarangije gushakisha peteroli muri Virunga muri Mata 2014<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2014/11/review-virunga-will-change-your-perspective-on-the-crisis-in-congo-68395/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tribeca ku ya 17 Mata 2014<ref>https://www.un.org/en/ccoi/virunga-screening</ref>. Nyuma yo gutambuka kuri Netflix, yatorewe igihembo cya Akademiki ya Best Documentary Feature <ref>https://www.filmplatform.net/product/virunga/</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://berthafoundation.org/story/virunga-impact-report-2/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111063021/https://berthafoundation.org/story/virunga-impact-report-2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Joanna_Natasegara_and_Orlando_von_Einsiedel_at_the_74th_Annual_Peabody_Awards.jpg|right|thumb| Joanna Natasegara na Orlando von Einsiedel mu birori bya 74 bya Peabody Awards]] === Ibihembo === ''Virunga'' yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi harimo na Peabody Award.<ref>https://africasacountry.com/2015/04/virunga-is-an-important-film-even-if-it-doesnt-preference-perspectives-from-local-stakeholders</ref> Feature documentaire Award ku DOXA documentaire Festival mu Vancouver, [[Kanada|Canada]]; igihembo cy'umukinnyi mpuzamahanga wavutse muri Hot Docs i Toronto<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/01/climate-activists-oppose-oil-exploration-call-for-a-fossil-free-virunga-in-new-film// |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111060016/https://www.africanews.com/2021/07/01/climate-activists-oppose-oil-exploration-call-for-a-fossil-free-virunga-in-new-film// |url-status=dead }}</ref>; Igihembo cya Zahabu ya Rock mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime Ntoya<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/news/1265</ref>; n'Ibikorwa no Guhinduka Hamwe (ACT Now) Igihembo cya Crested Butte Film Festival. Yatsindiye gongs ebyiri muri One World Media Awards muri BAFTA - Inyandiko nziza<ref>https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/movies/barry-jenkins-leonardo-dicaprio-netflix-partner-for-feature-adaptation-of-virunga/article31904298.ece</ref>, . Iyi filime kandi yatorewe igihembo cyiza cya Documentaire nziza muri Tribeca Film Festival. Filime yatorewe igihembo cya Akademiki kubera ibihembo bya Documentaire Nziza ya 87 ya Osama Awards <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/07/movies/virunga-a-searing-documentary-set-in-congo.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] r06jf0pcq8k47zsblf8olx3lhadmkoy 0 9283 139349 127322 2026-09-23T07:50:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139349 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Stories of Our Lives'''''ni [[Kenya|film yo muri Kenya]], yasohotse muri 2014<ref>https://www.thisisthenest.com/sool-film</ref>. Iyi filime yakozwe n’abanyamuryango ba The Nest Collective, ihuriro [[Nairobi|ry’ubuhanzi rishingiye ku mujyi wa Nairobi]], iyi filime ni anthologiya ya firime eshanu ngufi zerekana amateka y’ubuzima bwa LGBT muri [[Kenya]]. <ref>https://www.thisisthenest.com/sool-book</ref> == Umugambi == Vignettes eshanu zigize film nizi zikurikira:<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/stories-lives-film-review-787641/</ref> === Ask Me Nicely === Kate (Kelly Gichohi), umunyeshuri wigometse wigaga mumashuri yisumbuye - ahura na Kwizera<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bigworldcinema.com/production/stories-of-our-lives/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112040542/http://bigworldcinema.com/production/stories-of-our-lives/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, umunyeshuri mugenzi we muri koridoro yishuri. Batangira umubano wibanga, kugeza umuyobozi wishuri afashe ingamba zo gutandukanya bombi bahagarika Kate mwishuri<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jimchuchu.com/sool |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112040543/https://www.jimchuchu.com/sool |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Mugihe yari kure yishuri, Kate atabishaka akora imibonano mpuzabitsina numuhungu mubaturanyi be<ref>https://player.bfi.org.uk/rentals/film/watch-stories-of-our-lives-2014-online</ref>. Agarutse, Kate abwira Kwizera kubyerekeye guhura numuhungu. Ibi birakaza Kwizera, biganisha ku kurangiza umubano wabo<ref>https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1386/jac_00020_1</ref>. === Run === Nyuma yo kugirana amasezerano n’ubucuruzi n’uwigana disiki(disc duplicator), Patrick (Paul Ogola) yaguye ku kabari kabo bahuje igitsina ubwo yagendanaga ninshuti ye magara, Kama. Kama agaragaza imyumvire mibi kubyerekeye akabari uko banyuze hejuru. Nyuma Patrick yaje gusubira muri club ijoro ryose, yizeye ko ntawe uzabimenya. Kama yerekana Patrick avuye mu kabari, kandi bafite guhangana gukabije. Patrick yahunze kugira ngo ahunge urugamba<ref>https://www.curtisbrown.co.uk/client/helen-warner/work/the-story-of-our-lives</ref>.<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/es/film676230.html</ref> === Athman === Abakozi bo mu mirima Ray na Athman babaye inshuti magara imyaka myinshi. Kubabazwa nubusabane bwa Athman nubusabane na Fiona mushya, Ray yagiranye ikiganiro kibi na Athman kubyerekeye umubano wabo. Athman yongeye gushimangira ko adashishikajwe n'imibonano mpuzabitsina na Ray. Biyunze, noneho Ray abaza Athman niba ashobora kumusoma. Umukinnyi yatunguwe nikibazo aragenda, ntibyoroshye. Bombi bongera kwiyunga bukeye, ariko Ray ahitamo kuva mu murima<ref>https://www.eyeforfilm.co.uk/review/stories-of-our-lives-2014-film-review-by-jennie-kermode</ref>.<ref>https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/29906057</ref> === Duet === Jeff (Mugambi Nthiga), umushakashatsi wasuye u [[Bwongereza]] mu nama - aha akazi umuherekeza Roman mu gihe cy'isaha imwe mu cyumba cye cya hoteri. Roman (Louis Brooke) arahagera, yumva impungenge za Jeff, agerageza kumutuza. Jeff abaza niba bashobora kuvuga bike mbere yo kwishora mubikorwa byose. Bombi baricara bakaganira kubyerekeye isano iri hagati yubwoko. Roman noneho aha Jeff massage, bigatuma Jeff adahangayika.<ref>http://america.aljazeera.com/blogs/scrutineer/2014/10/11/kenya-lgbt-film-banned.html</ref> === Each Night I Dream === Liz (Rose Njenga), yerekana gahunda zidasanzwe zo guhunga we na mugenzi we Achi mugihe abadepite baho bakangisha kubahiriza amategeko arwanya abaryamana bahuje ibitsina<ref>https://www.justsecurity.org/78563/filmmaker-ex-us-envoys-words-tell-the-story-of-our-lives-in-haiti/</ref>. == Umusaruro == ''Stories of Our Lives'' Yatangiye nkumushinga winyandiko na Nest Collective. Iri tsinda ryazengurutse [[Kenya]], rifata amajwi yabajijwe n'abantu bavuga ko ari LGBTIQ. Iyandikwa ryabaye ishingiro rya firime vignettes. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.theelephant.info/reflections/2019/06/21/the-kenyan-media-and-the-queer-stories-of-our-lives/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112040540/https://www.theelephant.info/reflections/2019/06/21/the-kenyan-media-and-the-queer-stories-of-our-lives/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> 15,000 y’amadorali yavuye muri Uhai / EASHRI - ikigega cy’uburenganzira bw’imibonano mpuzabitsina muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba gifite icyicaro i [[Nairobi]], muri [[Kenya]] - kikaba cyarafashwe amashusho n’itsinda mu gihe cy’amezi umunani hakoreshejwe kamera imwe ya Canon DSLR. <ref name="xtra">[https://www.dailyxtra.com/kenyan-filmmakers-come-out-ahead-of-tiff-premiere-63448 "Kenyan filmmakers ‘come out’ ahead of TIFF premiere"]. ''[[Xtra!]]'', September 5, 2014.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150707015742/http://www.tiff.net/festivals/thefestival/programmes/discovery/stories-of-our-lives Stories of Our Lives]. ''TIFF.net'', November 19, 2014.</ref> == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 88xly4waesmecxh57vqcnyextr8uqn7 0 9291 139323 122028 2026-09-23T07:46:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Patineurs sur le lac Osisko 1930.jpg|thumb]] '''''Kimberley Jim'''''<ref>https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/kimberley_jim</ref> ni filime yo gusetsa y'umuziki yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]] yasohotse 1963 yayobowe na Emil Nofal ikinwamo Jim Reeves<ref>https://www.thevideobeat.com/mod-movies/kimberley-jim-1963.html</ref>, Madeleine Usher na Clive Parnell. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090522045238/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/65287 BFI.org]</ref> Umugambi wayo ukurikira umuririmbyi [[Amerika|w'umunyamerika]] witabira kwihuta kwa diyama ya Kimberley muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo mu mpera zikinyejana cya 19<ref>https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/558590/Kimberley-Jim/</ref>. By'umwihariko, "Jim Reeves na Clive Parnell bakina abantu bakundwa na con-men binjiza amafaranga yo kugurisha imiti y’ipatanti no gushuka kuri poker ... babiri bashora amafaranga yabo mu guteza imbere ikirombe cya diyama ariko bagomba kurenza [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] waho ugoramye", nk'ukoincamake ibivuga. <ref>[https://vimeo.com/ondemand/kimberleyjim KIMBERLEY JIM Trailer]</ref> Reeves, umuririmbyi wo mu gihugu, yakunzwe cyane mu myaka ya za 1960. Nk’uko ikinyamakuru Billboard kibitangaza ngo " Reeves yamuritse mu mahanga mu [[Bwongereza]], [[Ubuhinde]], [[Ubudage]], ndetse no muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo". <ref>[https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/6205510/a-tribute-to-country-crooner-jim-reeves-on-the-50th-anniversary-of-his-death A Tribute to Country Crooner Jim Reeves on the 50th Anniversary of His Death]</ref> Muri film, umuhanzi aririmba igice cy'indirimbo imwe muri [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afrikaans]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/65/kimberley-jim |title=Kimberley Jim |access-date=2021-11-05 |archive-date=2021-11-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105064055/http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/65/kimberley-jim |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amajwi y'indirimbo 14 yarimo indirimbo "Kimberley Jim," "Strike It Rich," "Nakuze," "Ubuzima bwanjye ni Gypsy," "Navutse Kugira Amahirwe," "Rag Fashioned Rag," "Diamonds The Umusenyi, "" Inshuti Y'umunyamahanga Gusa, "" Gwa kandi Ukurikire, "" Umukinnyi ukina urusimbi "na" Dolly hamwe n'amavi yataye. " <ref>[https://www.thevideobeat.com/mod-movies/kimberley-jim-1963.html KIMBERLEY JIM 1963]</ref> <ref>[https://www.discogs.com/Jim-Reeves-Music-From-The-Movie-Kimberley-Jim/release/12752989 Jim Reeves – Music From The Movie "Kimberley Jim"]</ref> Inyuma nyinshi zafatiwe amashusho mu gace ko mu mujyi muto [[Ubwongereza|w’Ubwongereza]] mu gihe imbere yafatiwe kuri sitidiyo ya Jamie Uys mu majyaruguru y’umugi wa Johannesburg. Nyuma Reeves yavuze ko yishimiye uburambe bwo gukora firime kandi ko azatekereza gukoresha byinshi mu mwuga we. Iyi filime yasohotse mu 1965 nyuma y'urupfu rwa Reeves azize impanuka y'indege. <ref>[https://books.google.ca/books?id=AUAnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA258&lpg=PA258&dq=film+kimberley+jim+set+in+diamond+rush&source=bl&ots=-_7uTazIqg&sig=ACfU3U25rz96NANOpR-RJzd6y1tkvcihCg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjk37L9_4HqAhU8knIEHZ2hB2AQ6AEwA3oECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=film%20kimberley%20jim%20set%20in%20diamond%20rush&f=false Changing Times: Music and Politics in 1964 page 258]</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Jim Reeves - Jim Madison * Madeleine Usher - Julie Patterson * Clive Parnell - Gerry Bates * Arthur Swemmer - Bert Patterson * Vonk de Ridder - Danny Pretorius * Tromp Terréblanche - Ben Vorster * Mike Holt - Punchy * Dawid van der Walt - Jan le Roux * Ruth Neethling - Elize * George Moore - Fred Parker * Freddie Prozesky - Neels le Roux * Don Leonard - Rube * Morris Blake - Max Bloom == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] 6jjjoj3cbd9x40r27d7hg5s29xn5v4i 0 9315 139037 89694 2026-09-22T23:55:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139037 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Alien from L.A.''''' ni filime ya siyanse yo mu 1988 iyobowe na Albert Pyun ikinwamo na Kathy Irlande nk'umukobwa ukiri muto usura umuco wo munsi ya Atlantis <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://vinegarsyndrome.com/products/alien-from-l-a |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112093149/https://vinegarsyndrome.com/products/alien-from-l-a |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Filime yagaragaye kuri ''Theatre Science Theatre 3000''<ref>http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/67033/alien-from-la/</ref> . Iyi filime ishingiye cyane ku gitabo cya Jules Verne cyo mu 1864 ''cyurugendo rugana hagati yisi'' hamwe n’ibintu bito byerekeza kuri ''Wizard ya Oz'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/alien-from-l-a-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnjkzmdyw |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112093141/https://www.bbfc.co.uk/release/alien-from-l-a-film-qxnzzxq6vlgtnjkzmdyw |url-status=dead}}</ref>.  == Umugambi == Wanda Saknussemm ( Kathy Irlande ) Ni umukobwa wari warananiranye ahora yamabaye amarinete manini ndetse afite nijwi ridasanzwe<ref>https://www.pophorror.com/kathy-irelands-film-debut-alien-from-l-a-1988-vinegar-syndrome-2k-restoration-blu-ray-review/</ref> ,uba i Los Angeles kandi ukora kuri restora. Nyuma yo kujugunywa n'umukunzi we kubera "kutagira amarangamutima"<ref>https://moviechat.org/tt0092532/Alien-from-LA</ref>, Wanda amenyeshwa ibaruwa ivuga ko se, umuhanga mu bucukumbuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo, yaguye mu rwobo rutagira epfo na ruguru arapfa<ref>https://headhuntersholosuite.fandom.com/wiki/Alien_from_L.A.</ref>. Yerekeje muri Zamboanga muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru ("Afurika Yimbitse" avuga ko ibahasha yagarutse) maze mu gihe anyuze mu bintu bya se, ahasanga ibyo yanditse kuri Atlantis<ref>https://freshfiction.tv/blu-ray-review-vinegar-syndromes-alien-from-l-a-takes-an-otherworldly-approach-to-genre-filmmaking/</ref>, bigaragara ko ari ubwato bw'abanyamahanga bwaguye mu binyejana byashize bukarohama hagati mu Isi. Wanda ahura nicyumba munsi yinzu ya se maze atabishaka ashyiraho urunigi rwibintu amaherezo bituma agwa mu mwobo muremure<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b79c18947</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Kathy Irlande nka Wanda Saknussemm * William R. Moses nka Guten "Gus" Edway * Richard Haines nka Porofeseri Arnold Saknussemm * Don Michael Paul nka Robbie * Thom Mathews nka Charmin ' * Janie Du Plessis nka Jenerali Rykov / Shank / Ushinzwe ibirego * Simon Polonye nka Konseye Triton Crassus / Umuhereza * Linda Kerridge nka Roryis Freki / Auntie Pearl * Kristen Trucksess nka Stacy * Lochner de Kock nka Porofeseri Ovid Galba / Padi Mahoney * Deep Roy nka Mambino, umutware wa ba shebuja == References == [[Dosiye:Kathy_Ireland_(cropped).jpg|thumb|207x207px| Kathy Irlande akina filime iyobora Wanda Saknussemm]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Amerika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] pl86zbiaroitici9k09t0ogs73tsrrx 0 9330 139231 121875 2026-09-23T07:25:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Boy Kumasenu''''' ni filime yasohotse muri 1952 yakorewe muri [[Gana]] n'abakozi ba firime yo mu [[Bwongereza]]<ref>http://www.colonialfilm.org.uk/node/332</ref>. Yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Sean Graham uhereye ku nyandiko ya Graham na John Wyllie. Amanota yari Elisabeth Lutyens <ref>https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02533952.2013.852826</ref>. Filime yamenyekanye kandi igira ingaruka mubuzima rusange bwabaturage. Yagaragaje ibimenyetso by'ejo hazaza byatumye bijyana no kurwanya ubukoloni n'impinduka mu mibereho mu bwigenge bushya bwa [[Gana]]<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film312612.html</ref>. == Umusaruro == '''''The Boy Kumasenu''''' yari filime ya mbere yagaragaye yakozwe na Gold Coast Film Unit, yashakaga gukora film zombi zigisha kandi zitanga amakuru kugirango zikwirakwizwe muri [[Gana]] ndetse no mumahanga<ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/the-boy-kumasenu/</ref>. Uyu muyobozi yari Sean Graham, wari umunyeshuri w’umwanditsi w’inyandiko John Grierson, nubwo Graham yahisemo gukora cyane mu mvugo ya sinema izwi. <ref>https://mubi.com/films/the-boy-kumasenu</ref> Umucuranzi Guy Warren yari umwe mu bakinnyi, yakinnye nka Yeboah<ref>https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=35262339X</ref>. Yafashwe amashusho mu 1950 na 1951 i [[Accra]], Kedze na Keta, hamwe nabakinnyi batabigize umwuga, ikorerwa i Londres.<ref>http://www.films101.com/16239.htm</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri [[Gana]] mu 1952 ariko abayikoze bagize ikibazo cyo kuyikwirakwiza muri [[Gana]], kubera imyizerere y’uko Abanyafurika bakunda filime zo guhunga<ref>http://www.films101.com/16239.htm</ref>. Ariko, byaje kugaragara ko ikunzwe cyane. Yahawe impamyabumenyi n'Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Venice kandi ryerekanwe bwa mbere mu [[Bwongereza]] mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Edinburgh 1952; yerekanwe no mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya [[Berlin]] 1953. <ref>https://eprints.bbk.ac.uk/id/eprint/8661/</ref> Yatorewe igihembo cya Filime y'Ubwongereza ya Filime ya Filime nziza mu 1953<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.videodetective.com/movie/the-boy-kumasenu-109493 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112144627/https://www.videodetective.com/movie/the-boy-kumasenu-109493 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umugambi == Iyi filime ivuga amateka y’umuhungu witwa Kumasenu wimukiye mu mujyi wa [[Accra]] avuye mu mudugudu muto w’[[uburobyi]], yatewe inkunga na mubyara we Agboh imigani ikabije y’ibitangaza byo mu mujyi. Ashonje<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/The_Boy_Kumasenu/43517033</ref>, yiba umugati afatwa n'abapolisi, ariko arokorwa na muganga n'umugore we basanga akora. Agboh agerageza kwiba Kumasenu muganga, ariko Kumasenu yanga imigambi ya mubyara we.<ref>https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Cinema-and-Highlife-in-the-Gold-Coast%3A-The-Boy-Sandon/2ef051719a5955a55edccb6fb542f6ba2020f3ee</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] q2y4soslbpt6yv7ax9p0w2ksjrx8127 0 9354 139136 135300 2026-09-23T02:39:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139136 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sankofa''''' ni filime yerekana ikinamico yakozwe [[Etiyopiya|na Etiyopiya yo mu]] 1993 iyobowe na Haile Gerima yibanze ku bucuruzi bw’abacakara bwa Atlantike<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/sankofa-movie-review-2021</ref> . Iyi nkuru igaragaramo Oyafunmike Ogunlano, Kofi Ghanaba, Mutabaruka, Alexandra Duah, na Afemo Omilami. Ijambo Sankofa ryakomotse ku rurimi rwa Akan rwo [[Gana|muri Gana]] risobanura "gusubira inyuma, gushaka, no kubona ubwenge, imbaraga n'ibyiringiro", nk'uko byavuzwe na Dr. Anna Julia Cooper<ref>https://www.indiewire.com/2021/09/sankofa-haile-gerima-interview-1234667076/</ref>. Ijambo Sankofa ryibanda ku kamaro ko umuntu atagendera kure cyane ya kahise kugirango atere imbere ejo hazaza<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/haile-gerima-sankofa-interview-array/</ref>. Muri filime, Sankofa agereranwa ninyoni n'indirimbo n'ingoma z'ingoma y'Imana<ref>https://www.washingtonian.com/2021/09/24/haile-gerimas-classic-film-sankofa-is-now-on-netflix-thanks-to-ava-duvernay/</ref>. Filime ya Gerima yerekanye akamaro ko kutagira abantu bakomoka muri [[Afurika]] batandukana n’imizi yabo. Gerima yakoresheje urugendo rwimico Mona kugirango yerekane uburyo imyumvire nyafurika yerekana indangamuntu harimo kumenya imizi yumuntu no "gusubira aho yaturutse" (Gerima)<ref>https://www.cinema.ucla.edu/la-rebellion/films/sankofa</ref>. == Umugambi == Filime itangirana numusaza Divine Drummer, Sankofa (yakinnye na Kofi Ghanaba ), akubita ingoma nyafurika aririmba imvugo ngo "Umwuka utinda w'abapfuye, haguruka<ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-reviews/haile-gerima-sankofa-netlix-ava-duvernay-1235021486/</ref>." Ubu ni uburyo bwe bwo gushyikirana nabakurambere b'igihugu cya [[Afurika|Afrika]], cyane [[Gana]]<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/haile-gerima-sankofa-academy-museum/2021/09/23/baae53da-1c81-11ec-a99a-5fea2b2da34b_story.html</ref>. Yizera ko kuvuza ingoma ari ngombwa mu kugarura umwuka w'abakurambere be biciwe muri diaspora nyafurika<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2021/10/15/movies/haile-gerima.html</ref> . Inkuru ikomeza kugaragaza Mona (Oyafunmike Ogunlano), wabayeho [[Afurika]] na [[Amerika]] ntangarugero kuri film shoot muri [[Gana|Ghana]] <ref>https://www.becauseofthemwecan.com/blogs/culture/ava-duvernay-s-array-set-to-restore-re-release-legendary-filmmaker-haile-gerima-s-sankofa-on-netflix</ref>. Afite isomo ku Kigo cya Cape Coast, atazi ko cyakoreshejwe mu mateka mu bucuruzi bw’abacakara kubera ko kuva kera atandukanijwe n’imizi [[Afurika|ye yo muri Afurika]]<ref>https://variety.com/2021/film/news/film-news-in-brief-sept-13-1235063603/</ref>[[Afurika|.]] Mugihe Mona ari kumurongo wicyitegererezo, ahura numusaza wamayobera Sankofa wavuzaga ingoma mugutangira film<ref>https://www.xartsplitta.net/en/filmscreening-sankofa-by-haile-gerima-for-sankofa-kita-berlin/</ref>. Sankofa akomeje kwibutsa Mona gusubira mu mateka ye kandi akaba umunyamahane cyane mu bijyanye no gukomeza ahantu h'abasekuruza bera<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210826210247/https://aafilmfest.si.edu/discover/films/sankofa-1993</ref>, bityo agerageza kwirukana ba mukerarugendo b'abazungu mu kigo cy'abacakara. Iyo Mona ingingo kujya A Kureba imbere castle ubwe, Mona agerageza guhunga urugo rw'abacakara ahura na ba shebuja b'abaja bera agerageza gutekereza avuga ko akomoka muri [[Amerika]] kandi ko adakomoka muri [[Afurika]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africavenir.org/news-details/archive/2012/august/article/interview-with-haile-gerima-freedom-is-not-some-kind-of-unesco-milk-that-can-be-given-to-someo.html?tx_ttnews%255Bday%255D=20&cHash=1f144a60f7033edccd0c13eb466f5729 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183540/https://www.africavenir.org/news-details/archive/2012/august/article/interview-with-haile-gerima-freedom-is-not-some-kind-of-unesco-milk-that-can-be-given-to-someo.html?tx_ttnews%255Bday%255D=20&cHash=1f144a60f7033edccd0c13eb466f5729 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Ba shebuja b'abacakara ntibitaye ku byo Mona yavuze maze bamusunika ku muriro, bamwambura imyenda, bamushyira icyuma gishyushye ku mugongo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.events.sankofa.com/blank-2/sankofa-a-film-by-haile-gerima-shirt |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112183540/https://www.events.sankofa.com/blank-2/sankofa-a-film-by-haile-gerima-shirt |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Sankofa, Kofi Ghanaba * Mona,Shola * Nunu, Alexandra Duah * Joe, * Shango, Mutabaruka * Afemo Omilami * Reggie Carter == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] en9i37y06da1uiv0h24315stq16kgtu 0 9359 139397 131441 2026-09-23T09:15:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139397 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Stab in the Dark''''' ni filime yo mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza yo muri]] 1999 yo muri Gana yakozwe na Bam Nemesia<ref>https://ko.isecosmetic.com/wiki/A_Stab_in_the_Dark_(film)</ref>, Ltd ikayoborwa na Veronica Quarshie. Byari amafaranga kandi yatsinze bikomeye, yatsindiye Filime Nziza muri [[Gana]] Movie Awards mu 2000<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gh.opera.news/gh/en/entertainment/177635989400c7b590ccc53195fd841e |title=11 Life Changing Ghanaian Movies You Must See again if You were Born in the 80s & 90s |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210509180933/https://gh.opera.news/gh/en/entertainment/177635989400c7b590ccc53195fd841e |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umugambi == Umugore agambaniwe mu gihe inshuti ye ikundanye na se nuko umuryango ukamufasha kumuzana mu rugo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rhymezone.com/r/rhyme.cgi?typeofrhyme=wke&loc=thesql&Word=nemesia |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113064820/https://www.rhymezone.com/r/rhyme.cgi?typeofrhyme=wke&loc=thesql&Word=nemesia |url-status=dead }}</ref>Uru rukurikirane rwa firime eshanu (A Stab in the Dark 1,2, Ripples: A Stab in Dark 3, Ripples 2, and Ripples 3) ikurikira ubuzima bw'abakobwa bakiri bato mu makinamico yo murugo kandi byerekana itandukaniro ry'ibibazo byimibereho mu ikinamico<ref>https://360wiki.ru/wiki/A_Stab_in_the_Dark_(film)</ref>. In A Stab in the Dark, umuntu nyamukuru, Effe, numukobwa mwiza cyane ukunda gukundana cyane, kandi mubisanzwe washakanye nabagabo<ref>https://thuk1480.blogspot.com/2021/06/a-state-of-mind.html</ref>. Effe yavuye mu rugo kugira ngo ahunge nyina anenga imyitwarire ye kandi agumana n'umuryango w'inshuti ye<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tentukan-ms.blogspot.com/2021/07/a-spectacle-of-corruption-specter-is.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113064822/https://tentukan-ms.blogspot.com/2021/07/a-spectacle-of-corruption-specter-is.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Igihe yari mu rugo rw'inshuti ye Kate, Effe aryamana na se wa Kate kandi byangiza imbaraga z'uwo muryango<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://france2.wiki/wiki/A_Stab_in_the_Dark_(film) |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2025-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250411031020/https://france2.wiki/wiki/A_Stab_in_the_Dark_(film) |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Amaherezo, muri film ya gatanu, Effe yahisemo guhindura ubuzima bwe aho kwangiza imiryango nubukwe, bifasha kurokora urugo no kongera kugirana ubucuti na Kate<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amp.freejournal.org/12161534/1/ghanaian-films.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113064830/https://amp.freejournal.org/12161534/1/ghanaian-films.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Zaburi Adjeteyfio * Pascaline Edwards * Edinam Atatsi * Kwame Owusu-Ansah * Naana Hayford * Mawuli Semevo * Grace Omaboe * Agnes Dapaah * Nat Banini * Wendy Nortey * Henri Nartey * Abeiku Nyame (Jagger Pee) * Abeiku Acquah * Yvonne Boakye == Ibikurikira == '''''A Stab in the Dark''''' niyo yambere mu rukurikirane rwa firime eshanu ngufi zose ziyobowe na Veronica Quarshie kandi zasohotse hagati ya 1999 na 2003<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ngoc1vu1.blogspot.com/2021/06/a-state-of-mind.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113064815/https://ngoc1vu1.blogspot.com/2021/06/a-state-of-mind.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * ''Icyuma mu mwijima'' (1999) * ''Icyuma mu mwijima 2'' (2000) * ''Impanuka: Icyuma mu mwijima 3'' (2000) * ''Impapuro 2'' (2000) * ''Umujinya: Impanuka 3'' (2003) == Isesengura == ''A Stab in the Dark'' hamwe n’ibikurikira bizwiho kwibanda ku buhemu bw’abagabo nk’isoko y’amakimbirane yo mu miryango, igikoresho cy’umugambi kidakunze gukoreshwa muri sinema yo muri [[Gana]] na [[Nigeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pascalinedwards.com/a-stab-in-the-dark-1999-2003/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113064820/https://pascalinedwards.com/a-stab-in-the-dark-1999-2003/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Kwakira == ''A Stab in the Dark'' hamwe nibisobanuro byayo bifatwa nkibimwe mubikorwa byiza bya Quarshie. ''A Stab in the Dark'' yatsindiye amafaranga kandi yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo na FIlm nziza muri ibihembo bya Gana Movie Awards mu 2000<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiplingthailand.com/new-england-vnfxao/a-stab-in-the-dark-ghanaian-movie |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113064816/https://kiplingthailand.com/new-england-vnfxao/a-stab-in-the-dark-ghanaian-movie |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Gana]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] sz3284lwqtrpml1ypke1t24su0cqz2r 0 9368 139165 127090 2026-09-23T03:13:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139165 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Poly Films Production (Stork).png|thumb]] '''''The African Who Wanted to Fly''''' ( French ) ni filime yo muri Gabon ya 2016 iyobowe na [[Samantha Biffot]]<ref>https://vimeo.com/ondemand/theafricanwhowantedtofly</ref> . Igice gishingiye kubuzima bwa Luc Bendza. Filime yakozwe mu ndimi ebyiri, [[Gishinwa|Igishinwa]] [[Igifaransa|n'Igifaransa]], kandi yari ifite insanganyamatsiko [[Icyongereza|y'icyongereza.]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/the-african-who-wanted-to-fly/</ref> == Umusaruro == '''''The African Who Wanted to Fly''''' yakozwe na Neon Rouge, afatanije na Theatre Company Theatre ( [[Ubufaransa]] )<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/event/the-african-who-wanted-to-fly/</ref>. Scenese yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Gabon]], no mu Bushinwa. Umuziki wari ugizwe nindirimbo zishinwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/2021-festival/programme/event/678/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113081650/https://www.africa-in-motion.org.uk/2021-festival/programme/event/678/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umugambi == Urebye filime Big Boss, umwana wo muri [[Gabon]] yavumbuye Kung Fu ahitamo kujya mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] afite imyaka 15 gusa<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmafrica.org/film-africa-events/the-african-who-wanted-to-fly-lafricain-qui-voulait-voler/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211017041223/https://www.filmafrica.org/film-africa-events/the-african-who-wanted-to-fly-lafricain-qui-voulait-voler/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yize ko azaba umunyafrica wambere wize ibihangano bya Kung Fu. Ahinduka inararibonye muri yo<ref>https://bampfa.org/event/african-who-wanted-fly</ref>. == Kwerekanwa == * Iyi filime yarebwaga mu iserukiramuco rya sinema nyafurika muri kaminuza ya Duke ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2019<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://canneseries.com/en/online/samantha-biffot-creator-of-the-series-mami-wata/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113081343/https://canneseries.com/en/online/samantha-biffot-creator-of-the-series-mami-wata/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. * ''Ku ya 19 Gicurasi 2017, Maysles Documentary Centre'' yerekanye filime mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 24 rya New York muri New York<ref>https://www.nga.gov/research/casva/publications/center-report/center-41/members-reports/samantha-a-noel.html</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 3r1n7h0tb76t4r95l728ycvp64lcasz 0 9369 139482 126704 2026-09-23T09:50:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139482 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Idahosa Trails''''' ni film yikinamico yo muri [[Nigeriya]] 2017 yanditswe, yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Stanlee Ohikhuare<ref>https://filmfreeway.com/IdahosaTrails</ref> . Irimo Charles Okafor, David Schifter, Liz Benson, Osas Ighodaro, Frank Donga <ref>https://medium.com/@thrivemediadistrib2/idahosa-trails-press-release-the-indiefest-awards-usa-c234d55203fc</ref>. Ishingiye ku bunararibonye bw’umunyamakuru w’umunyamerika witwa Thomas Book (ugaragazwa na David Schifter) ushaka kubaza arikiyesipoki Benson Idahosa(ugaragazwa na Charles Okafor) ashingiye ku myumvire ye ku ruhare Idahosa yagize mu gukira mu buryo bw'igitangaza umuyobozi w'icyamamare muri Umujyi wa Benin<ref>https://nollywoodobserver.wordpress.com/tag/stanlee-ohikhuare/</ref>, gukira kwe kwabayeho nyuma yimyaka itandatu muri koma. Iyi filime yasohotse mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2017 na Mighty Jot Studios mu mujyi wa Benin, muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://connectnigeria.com/articles/idahosa-trails-movie-cinemas/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113084415/https://connectnigeria.com/articles/idahosa-trails-movie-cinemas/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Umugambi == [[Igitabo]] cya Thomas kiri mu rugendo rugana mu mujyi wa kera wa [[Bene|Bénin]], muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worshippersgh.com/idahosa-new-christian-movie-honor-late-archbishop-benson-idahosa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113084414/https://worshippersgh.com/idahosa-new-christian-movie-honor-late-archbishop-benson-idahosa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, kugira ngo ukore documentaire y’iperereza ku mihango y'ibanga yakozwe mu gihe cyo kwimika Oba nshya<ref>https://www.informationng.com/2017/11/idahosa-trails-premieres-amidst-applause.html</ref>. Ntiyashoboye kubona amakuru ahagije kubera urwego rwo hejuru rwibanga ruzengurutse imihango.<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/charles-okafor-plays-late-benson-idahosa-in-idahosa-trails/</ref> Mugihe yitegura kuva mu mujyi, yumva inkuru yumukuru wamamaye waho wari umaze kubyuka muri koma yimyaka itandatu ahitamo kwandika inkuru.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nlist.ng/people/stanlee-ohikhuare-177/credits/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113084414/https://nlist.ng/people/stanlee-ohikhuare-177/credits/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yizeye ko inkuru izaba indishyi zimwe na zimwe kubera ko atabonye amakuru ku cyicaro gikuru, yahisemo kujya mu bitaro. Mu bitaro, umuforomo atanga ubufasha bwo gusobanura igihe abaza umugabo<ref>https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2017/10/coming-soon-idahosa-trails.html</ref>. Arashoboye kubaza ikibazo kimwe mbere yuko abagize umuryango wumugabo binjira kugirango bahagarike ikiganiro cye. Mu kiganiro kigufi, Thomas yashoboye kubona izina ryumugabo, izina Idahosa. Ageze mucyumba cye cya hoteri yumva izina rimwe kuri TV ya Idahosa World Outreach<ref>https://thenativemag.com/see-full-list-nominees-6th-edition-africa-magic-viewers-choice-awards/</ref>. Yibwira ko Idahosa igomba kuba yaragize uruhare runini mu gukira k'umusaza. Yandika aderesi na nimero ya terefone yerekanwe, maze yerekeza ku cyicaro gikuru cya Idahosa World Outreach mu mujyi wa Benin. Ageze mu rusengero, Thomas ahura n’umupasitori ukiri muto uzwi ku izina rya Pasiteri Osas (Kunle Idowu) amusaba kugaruka bukeye kugira ngo abonane na Benson Idahosa<ref>https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/movie-trailer-idahosa-trails/</ref>. Pasiteri ukiri muto aha Thomas igitabo cyo gusoma kuri Idahosa. Kubera umunezero witerambere rishya, Thomas yongeye guhindura indege atangira kwitegura iyi nkuru nshya ya Idahosa. Ageze mu cyumba cye cya hoteri, Thomas yahinduye igitabo n'amaso asinziriye<ref>https://www.informationng.com/2017/11/idahosa-trails-premieres-amidst-applause.html</ref>, maze agwa mu kantu maze yisanga mu kongera gushyira mu bikorwa inkuru ivugwa muri iki gitabo. Bukeye, Thomas ahura na Pasiteri Osas maze bahagarara ahantu henshi batatsinzwe ahantu hatandukanye aho pasiteri ukiri muto yasezeranije Thomas ko bazabona Idahosa bakabona inkuru ye<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://worshippersgh.com/idahosa-new-christian-movie-honor-late-archbishop-benson-idahosa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113084414/https://worshippersgh.com/idahosa-new-christian-movie-honor-late-archbishop-benson-idahosa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Iminsi ibiri irashize kandi Thomas ntashobora guhura na Idahosa ariko buri joro agarutse mucyumba cye cya hoteri, akomeza gusoma igitabo kuri Idahosa<ref>https://selahafrik.com/2017/10/idahosa-trails-trailer/</ref>. Kimwe nijoro rya mbere, arasinzira asoma igitabo maze yibonera kongera gushyirwaho inkuru zerekanwa muri iki gitabo. Yakomeje gukurikira Pasiteri Osas agamije kujya kubaza Arkiyepiskopi Idahosa<ref>http://theoloja.blogspot.com/2017/08/idahosa-trails-review-by-ngozi-mcewen.html</ref>. Umunsi umwe mbere yuko Thomas ateganijwe kugenda, yatunguwe no kumenya ko Idahosa yapfuye. Ubu buvumbuzi buganisha ku guterana amagambo hagati ye na Pasiteri Osas biganisha ku maso. Mugihe ibintu bitunguranye, Thomas Yatewe nimpanuka isiga Pasiteri aryamye hasi nta bwenge<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankensaurus.com/Frank_Donga |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-13 |archive-date=2021-11-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211113084412/https://frankensaurus.com/Frank_Donga |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yari afite amatsiko yo kumva uruhare rwa Idahosa mu gitangaza kigaragara cy'umusaza yabajije mu bitaro. Pasiteri Osas yatekereje ko Thomas azi urupfu rwa Idahosa maze akeka ko yashakaga gusa kubaza abantu ubuzima bwabo umurimo wa Idahosa wagize ingaruka nziza<ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/charles-okafor-plays-late-benson-idahosa-in-idahosa-trails/</ref>. Thomas, ubu urujijo agomba guhuriza hamwe ibimenyetso kuko abonye imbaraga zo gutangira urugendo rwo kuvumbura; kubona ukuri, kwizera n'agakiza<ref>https://filmfreeway.com/IdahosaTrails</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Charles Okafor nka Benson Idahosa * David Schifter nk'igitabo cya Thomas * Liz Benson-Ameye nka Sara * Osas Ighodaro nka Osamuede * Adedamola Akapo nkumusore Benson Idahosa * Kunle Idowu nka Pasiteri Osas * Daisy Morsi nka Margaret Idahosa * Florence Iyamu nka Edede * Ronya Mangertzman nka Madamu Igitabo cya Tomasi * Patrick Doyle nka John Idahosa == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 4vrlyjs30ahkz8c2ploic7heebgndgz 0 9401 139148 123601 2026-09-23T03:10:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139148 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aisa Kirabo Kacyira - 2023 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Kirabo Kacyira Aisa ]] '''Kirabo Kacyira Aisa ('''yavutse muri 1964 apfa ku ya 12 Kanama 2025''')''' ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki ndetse w'impuguke mub'ubuveterineri w'abigize umwuga. Kacyira akaba yarabaye n'umuyobozi wungirije wa [[UN|UN HABITAT]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.leaders-afrique.com/aisa-kirabo-kacyira/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111191758/http://www.leaders-afrique.com/aisa-kirabo-kacyira/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize == Kacyira afite Impamyabumenyi ihanitse m'ubumenyi bw'amatungo mubijyanye no kuvura ndetse no kwita ku amatungo, yakuye muri Kaminuza yitwa James Cook muri [[Ositaraliya|ositarariya]]. Kacyira kandi yize muri kaminuza ya Makerere iherereye muri gihugu cy' [[Ubugande]], kandiKacyira yakuye impamyabumyenyi ihanitse ya Masters ku buvuzi. <ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-rwanda-relations-catalyst-for-trade-investment-rwanda-high-commissioner.html</ref><ref>https://www.unssc.org/about-unssc/speakers-and-collaborators/dr-aisa-kirabo-kacyira/</ref> <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/aisa-kirabo-kacyira-yahawe-kuyobora-urwego-rwa-loni-rutera-inkunga-ibikorwa-by</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/aissa-kirabo-kacyira-yagizwe-umuyobozi-w-ibiro-bya-un-muri-somalia</ref><ref>https://izubaradio.wordpress.com/2011/02/12/dr-aissa-kirabo-gouverneri-mushya-w-intara-y-iburasirazuba/</ref> == Imirimo ye == Kirabo Kacyira yabaye Guverineri w'[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|intara y'iburasirazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Intara nini ituwe n'abasaga million 2.5 z'abaturage. Kacyira kandi yabaye umu Diplomate w'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] arugaraiye mu bindi bihugu.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/dr-aisa-kirabo-nyuma-yo-guhabwa-igihembo-cya-un-habitat-agizwe-umuyobozi-wawo-wungirije.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-01 |archive-date=2023-08-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801091303/https://ar.umuseke.rw/dr-aisa-kirabo-nyuma-yo-guhabwa-igihembo-cya-un-habitat-agizwe-umuyobozi-wawo-wungirije.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-7-11-11237-1html</ref> [[Dosiye:SRCC the newly appointed Head of UNSOS, Assistant Secretary-General Aisa Kirabo Kacyira (52807438403).jpg|thumb|Kirabo Kacyira Aisa]] Kacyira kandi yabaye umuyobozi wungirije akaba nu munyamabanga mukuru w'[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w'Abibumbye Habita]]<nowiki/>t kuva mu gushyingo 2011, kugeza mu 2018, muri porogaramu n’imishinga bya Minisiteri y’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi mu Rwanda ( Minagri) ndetse n’imiryango itegamiye kuri leta irimo Oxfam na Care International.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.leaders-afrique.com/aisa-kirabo-kacyira/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111191758/http://www.leaders-afrique.com/aisa-kirabo-kacyira/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Muri iyo mirimo ye yabaye umuyobozi mwiza mu ibyo yarashinzwe cyane no guteza imbere umujyi wa Kigali. <ref>https://www.unssc.org/about-unssc/speakers-and-collaborators/dr-aisa-kirabo-kacyira/</ref> == Icyo akora ubu == Dr Aisa Kirabo Kacyira kurubu ni Ambasaderi uhagarariye u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Gana|Ghana]] muri 2020, Kirabo Kacyira Aisa afite icyicaro muri icyo gihugu akabifatanya no kuruhagararira mu bihugu birimo Benin, [[Togo]], Sierra Leone, kote divura na [[Liberiya]]. Rero umunyamabanga mukuru w’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, Guterres Antonio, yahaye Umunyarwandakazi, Kirabo Kacyira Aissa, inshingano zo kuyobora Ibiro by’uyu muryango (United Nations Support Office in Somalia: UNSOS) bifasha Afurika Yunze Ubumwe mu butumwa bw’amahoro muri [[Somaliya]]. Kirabo Kacyira yinjiranye muri izi nshingano ubunararibonye bw’imyaka 30 akesha imirimo itandukanye yakoze yaba ifite aho ihuriye na dipolomasi, politiki ndeste n’iyo yakoze mu miryango y’iterambere cyangwa iy’ubutabazi, imbere mu gihugu, ndetse no mu karere no ku rwego ruri mpuzamahanga. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandans-ghana-commit-back-national-unity</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Indi mirimo == [[Dosiye:Safeguarding security gains emphasised ahead of ATMIS exit from Somalia (52848540616).jpg|thumb|Kirabo Kacyira Aisa]] Dr Kacyira kandi yayoboye [[Umujyi wa Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigal]]<nowiki/>i kuva muri 2006 kugeza muri 2011, akaba ari umwe mu mijyi yihuta cyane mu iterambere k'umuvuduko udasanzwe. Mugihe yari ayoboye [[Umujyi wa Kigali|umujyi wa Kigal]]<nowiki/>i, Aisa yahawe igihembo na UN HABITAT<ref>https://live.worldbank.org/experts/dr-aisa-kirabo-kacyira</ref> muri 2008, mu rwego rwo gushimira urwego rw'isuku,umutekano ndetse n'iterambere rirambye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mirror.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=318 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2022-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501181557/https://mirror.unhabitat.org/categories.asp?catid=318 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Dr Kirabo Aisa Kacyira ni umubyeyi wubatse kandi akaba afite abana bane. == Reba == ghpvr2l7760va3unq87r46vrucg7a6z 0 9453 139232 123554 2026-09-23T07:26:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Political allegiance of burgomasters in Rwanda at the beginning of April 1994.svg|thumb|armand yavukiye mu Rwanda ninaho yakuriye ninaho akorera umwuga we]] '''Armand Kajangwe''', ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] - umukinnyi wa firime wo mu Busuwisi. Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime nka ''The Asylum'', na ''Dirty Singles''<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/200021</ref> .<ref>https://www.cmu.edu/ini/news/2020/alain-feature-2020.html</ref> == Umwuga == Ku ya 7 Mata 2009, Kajangwe yinjiye mu isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa byuzuye yitwa 'Crooked Seas Inc.' yashinzwe na Craig Leblanc ifite icyicaro i Ontario, muri [[Kanada]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankensaurus.com/Armand_Kajangwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115141530/https://frankensaurus.com/Armand_Kajangwe |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yakoze nk'umuyobozi, umuyobozi w'amafoto, n'umuyobozi ushinzwe imbuga nkoranyambaga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107063425/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2016, Kajangwe yagize uruhare mu gutangiza urubuga rwa mbere rwa videwo muri [[Afurika]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/08/students-to-win-prizes-in-a-new-tv-show/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115141539/https://www.ktpress.rw/2021/08/students-to-win-prizes-in-a-new-tv-show/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ihuriro rizwi ku izina rya 'www.journal.rw' ryatunganijwe kandi rikoreshwa na Village Innovation, uruganda ruhanga ruherereye mu [[Rwanda]] aho Kajangwe ari umuyobozi mukuru<ref name=":0" />. Ihuriro rirashobora gutanga inzira yo gusangira ibisobanuro bihanitse bya videwo<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/228004</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''The Asylum'' |Editor, screenplay, producer |Documentary |- |2013 |''A Song for Torah Jane'' |second assistant camera operator |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] gs6ymax5z59vi4t152fbywvyb5mxmn6 0 9459 139350 134550 2026-09-23T07:50:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139350 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of France (1958–1976).svg|thumb|ousmane yavukiye mubufaransa ninaho yakuriye]] '''Ousmane William Mbaye''' (yavutse 1952), yavukiye muri [[Senegali|Senegal]] azwi mu gukora filimi <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ousmane-william-mbaye/</ref>. Mbaye azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire ''Mère-Bi'' ''ishimwa cyane'' na film Doomi Ngacc, ''Fresque'' na ''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta''. Usibye gukora amafilime, ni numu producer mukuru, utunganya umurongo, umwanditsi wa sinema, producer wamahanga, umuyobozi wamafoto, uwandika amajwi, umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro, umwanditsi, na producer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/ousmane-william-mbaye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115144443/https://iffr.com/en/persons/ousmane-william-mbaye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.etonnants-voyageurs.com/MBAYE-Ousmane-William.html</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1952 i [[Paris]], mu [[Bufaransa]]. Nyina, Annette Mbaye d'Erneville akomoka muri [[senegali]] <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321371180_Ousmane_William_Mbaye_director_Kemtiyu_Cheikh_Anta_2016_94_minutes_Wolof_and_French_with_English_subtitles_Senegal_Les_Films_Mame_Yande_anf_Autoproduction_DVD_2000</ref>. == Umwuga == Mbaye yahuguye muri Conservatoire Libre du Cinéma Français (Konserwatori Yubusa ya Sinema y'Abafaransa). Nyuma yize muri kaminuza ya Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis aho yatangiriye gukina amashusho. Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yimukiye muri [[Senegali]]. Nyuma yaje kuba umuyobozi wungirije. Kuva 1990 kugeza 1997, yabaye umuhuzabikorwa nuwashinze Rencontres Cinématographiques ya Dakar (RECIDAK).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/ousmane-william-mbaye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115144443/https://iffr.com/en/persons/ousmane-william-mbaye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=5633</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://new.in-24.com/News/70837.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115144439/https://new.in-24.com/News/70837.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 1979, yakoze kandi ayobora filime ye ya mbere ya ''Doomi Ngacc'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africine.org/personne/william-ousmane-mbaye/5633 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2024-12-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226174927/http://www.africine.org/personne/william-ousmane-mbaye/5633 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Mugufi yatsindiye Bronze Tanit mu iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Carthage. Kuva mu 2000, yatangiye gukora documentaire nka ''Président Dia'' na ''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta''. Mu 2003, yakoze documentaire ngufi ''Xalima la plume'' yerekeye umucuranzi wa [[Senegali|Senegal]] Seydina Insa Wade. Nyuma yaho gato yatsindiye igihembo cya Documentaire muri Festival ya Milan<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=5633</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ma-mediatheque.net/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/568198/mentions-legales.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115144445/https://www.ma-mediatheque.net/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/568198/mentions-legales.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Mu 2005, yayoboye documentaire ''Fer et verre'', yibanze ku [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] wa plastiki wo muri Senegal Anta Germane Gaye. Muri 2008, yakoze ''Mère-Bi'' ngufi, ishingiye kuri nyina.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rwanda.spla.pro/en/file.film.xalima-la-plume.619.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115144450/http://rwanda.spla.pro/en/file.film.xalima-la-plume.619.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, yakoze documentaire yerekana ubuzima bwa ''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta'' ivuga ku buzima bw’amateka ya Senegal, umuganga, n’umunyapolitiki Cheikh Anta Diop<ref>https://www.au-senegal.com/le-cineaste-ousmane-william-mbaye-integre-l-academie-des-oscars,15805.html</ref> . Iyi filime yakiriwe neza n'abayinenga kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Yahawe igihembo cya EU / ACP mu iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican rya [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]] (FESPACO) 2017<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.jcctunisie.org/jcc2017/eng/filmsDetail.php?id_film=34 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210117184217/https://www.jcctunisie.org/jcc2017/eng/filmsDetail.php?id_film=34 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/articles/review-of-kemtiyu-cheikh-anta/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1977 |''Ceddo'' |Assistant director |Short film |- |1979 |''Doomi Ngacc'' (The Child of Ngatch) |Director |Film |- |1981 |''Duunde Yakaar'' |Director |Film |- |1989 |''Dakar Clando'' |Director |Film |- |1990 |''City Life'' |Director |Documentary film |- |1992 |''Dial Diali'' |Director |Documentary short film |- |1992 |''Fresque'' |Director |Film |- |2002 |''Moi Et Mon Blanc'' |Assistant director |Film |- |2003 |''Xalima la plume'' |Director |Short film |- |2005 |''Fer et verre'' |Director |Short film |- |2008 |''Mère-Bi'' |Director |Short film |- |2010 |''L'invité'' |Actor |TV series |- |2012 |''Président Dia'' |Director |Documentary |- |2016 |''Kemtiyu, Cheikh Anta'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2019 |''Tabaski'' |Executive producer, production manager |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] gmaxamlm4q3z53dpzdfr10pe874j44l 0 9464 139144 100336 2026-09-23T02:57:32Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139144 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Satanskoraal''''' ni filime y'ibikorwa yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]] 1959 iyobowe na Elmo De Witt kandi yakozwe na [[Jamie Uys]] kuri Jamie Uys Filmproduksies<ref>https://mubi.com/films/satanskoraal</ref>. Niyo filime ya mbere yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo yafashwe amashusho mumazi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8e078380 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2020-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017154347/https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2b8e078380 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://www.academia.edu/7108505/The_gods_must_be_connected_An_investigation_of_Jamie_Uys_connections_in_the_Afrikaans_film_industry_using_social_network_analysis</ref> Umugambi wa firime uzenguruka umukinnyi ukize ninzobere muri korali ifasha abahanga kuvumbura uduce twa korali yabuze ku nkombe za [[Mozambike]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211115150854/http://www.mimosafilms.co.za/Archive/Film/58/satanskoraal</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Ponie de Wet mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Tessa Laubscher, Gabriel Bayman na Lindea Bosman mu nshingano zabo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankensaurus.com/Satanskoraal |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115150852/https://frankensaurus.com/Satanskoraal |url-status=dead }}</ref>.<ref>http://worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2008066712</ref> == Umugambi == * Ponie de Wet nka We wenyine * Tessa Laubscher nka Anita Dumont * Gabriel Bayman nka Gamat Slingers * Lindea Bosman nka Miss Malan * Desmond Varaday nka Boss * Jan Bruyns nka du Plooy * Willie Herbst nka Henchman * Felix Sevell nka Henchman * Peter Chiswell nk'umunyamabanga wa Konseye * Dana Niehaus nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe ububanyi n'amahanga * Hans Kaniuk nka van Wyk == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo‎]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo‎]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] r258ktwxoltczfvq5eu7x2b0m5febpu 0 9468 139188 136408 2026-09-23T03:16:55Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139188 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Fourth Reich''''' ( '''El Cuarto Reich''' ), ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1990 iyobowe na Manie van Rensburg ikaba yarayikoranye na Gert Basson, Mark Jaffee, David Selvan, Bill Shapter na Reg Wessels muri Zastron films<ref>https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-1994/3334-white-rage.html</ref><ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/the-4th-reich/</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo itsinda ry’abakinnyi ba [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo, Ryno Hattingh yakinnye nka Robey Leibbrandt . Abakinnyi bashyigikiwe barimo Marius Weyers, Grethe Fox na Percy Sieff. Inkunga nayo yari nyinshi bakina amakinamico yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/bean-to-star-in-4th-reich-war-film-26854933.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/911265113</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima Robey Leibbrandt, umukinnyi w'iteramakofe wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo witabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu 1936 yabereye i Berlin. Mugihe mu mikino yakundwaga nabanazi agerageza kumushakira umukozi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/kinema/article/view/880/850</ref>. Leibbrandt yakiriye ingengabitekerezo y'Abanazi, byaje kurangira abaye umukozi wa Abwehr kuri Reich ya gatatu <ref>http://newcelluloid.com/2011/09/03/the-fourth-reich-1990/</ref>. Nkumukozi wa Abwehr, mu 1939 Leibbrandt yayoboye igikorwa cyo guhirika guverinoma [[Afurika y’Epfo|y’Afurika]] yepfo ishyigikiye ubumwe, ndetse no kwica Jenerali Jan Smuts, icyo gihe akaba yari Minisitiri w’intebe w’ubumwe bwa Afurika yepfo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lesleymarx.com/manie-van-rensburg-the-fourth-reich/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115152242/https://lesleymarx.com/manie-van-rensburg-the-fourth-reich/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> .The Fourth Reich niyo yakozwe muri firime ihenze cyane mumateka ya sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/manie-van-rensburg/</ref> The Fourth Reich yakinnye neza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime kandi yakiriwe neza kandi isubirwamo neza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1491573%7C0/Manie-Van-Rensburg |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115175301/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1491573%7C0/Manie-Van-Rensburg |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cast == * Ryno Hattingh nka Robey Leibbrandt * Marius Weyers nka Jan Taillard * Grethe Fox nka Erna Dorfman * Percy Sieff nka Louis Esselen * Elize Cawood nka Romy Taillard * Pierre Knoesen nka Lotere ya Dice * Ian Roberts nka Johannes van der Walt * Marcel van Heerden nka Hendrik Erasimusi * Louis van Niekerk nka General Smuts * James Borthwick nka Sidney Cohen * Keith Grenville nka Pierre van Ryneveld * Sandra Kotzé nka Madamu Leibbrandt * Annabel Linder nka Nadia Cohen * Tertius Meintjes nkumuryango Erasimusi * Ernest Ndlovu nka Sipho * Eric Nobbs nka Hennie Schoeman * Brian O'Shaughnessy nka Major Ellis * Dan Robbertse nka Kalie * Cobus Rossouw nka Dr. Hans van Rensburg * Ron Smerczak nka Jenerali Karlowa * Carel Trichardt nka Meyder Leibbrandt * James White nka Major Hattingh * Christine Basson nkumugore wa Kiosk * Will Bernard nka Barman * Pieter Brand nka Pat Jerling * Kerneels Coertzen nka Van Rensburg burly * Vanessa Cooke nka Wanda Stander * Michael Copley nka Kruger * Crispin De Nuys nka Kapiteni Nissen * Gideon De Wet nkumupolisi * Anton Dekker nka Fourie * Frantz Dobrowsky nka Shelver * Wilson Dunster nka Charlie Vosloo * Ernst Eloff nka Beetge * Annette Engelbrecht nka Ouma Smuts * Bill Flynn nk'umuganga w'iteramakofe * Adrian Galley nka Hansie * Ben Kruger nka Oosthuizen * Greg Latter nka Heckler * Dale Lee nkindorerwamo ya Afrika * Nico Liebenberg nka Sgt Pauley * Patrick Lyster nka Sgt. Spengler * Johan Niemandt nka Wolmarans * Deon Opperman nka Van Rensburg burly * Tjaart Potgieter nka Lahousen * Nicky Rebelo nka Van Rensburg burly * André Rossouw nka Dominee * Robin Smith nka Sgt Meintjes * Wilna Snyman nka Soprano * Wilma Stockenström nka Madamu Engelbrecht * André Stolz nka Saunders * Richard van der Westhuizen nka Hirsh * Jan van Deventer nka Steyn * Pierre van Pletzen nka Hertzog * Eric van Rensburg nk'umucamanza * Herbie Vermuellen nka Michelot * James Whyte nka Snyman * Andereya Worsdale nka Joos Engelbrecht == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] d2yuw742hp76lefkzl8gytt1vi0dd54 139483 139188 2026-09-23T09:50:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139483 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Fourth Reich''''' ( '''El Cuarto Reich''' ), ni filime yerekana ikinamico yo muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1990 iyobowe na Manie van Rensburg ikaba yarayikoranye na Gert Basson, Mark Jaffee, David Selvan, Bill Shapter na Reg Wessels muri Zastron films<ref>https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-1994/3334-white-rage.html</ref><ref>https://letterboxd.com/film/the-4th-reich/</ref>. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo itsinda ry’abakinnyi ba [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo, Ryno Hattingh yakinnye nka Robey Leibbrandt. Abakinnyi bashyigikiwe barimo Marius Weyers, Grethe Fox na Percy Sieff. Inkunga nayo yari nyinshi bakina amakinamico yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://www.independent.ie/entertainment/movies/bean-to-star-in-4th-reich-war-film-26854933.html</ref><ref>https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/911265113</ref>. Iyi filime ivuga ku buzima Robey Leibbrandt, umukinnyi w'iteramakofe wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo witabiriye imikino Olempike yo mu 1936 yabereye i Berlin. Mugihe mu mikino yakundwaga nabanazi agerageza kumushakira umukozi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo<ref>https://openjournals.uwaterloo.ca/index.php/kinema/article/view/880/850</ref>. Leibbrandt yakiriye ingengabitekerezo y'Abanazi, byaje kurangira abaye umukozi wa Abwehr kuri Reich ya gatatu <ref>http://newcelluloid.com/2011/09/03/the-fourth-reich-1990/</ref>. Nkumukozi wa Abwehr, mu 1939 Leibbrandt yayoboye igikorwa cyo guhirika guverinoma [[Afurika y’Epfo|y’Afurika]] yepfo ishyigikiye ubumwe, ndetse no kwica Jenerali Jan Smuts, icyo gihe akaba yari Minisitiri w’intebe w’ubumwe bwa Afurika yepfo<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lesleymarx.com/manie-van-rensburg-the-fourth-reich/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115152242/https://lesleymarx.com/manie-van-rensburg-the-fourth-reich/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> .The Fourth Reich niyo yakozwe muri firime ihenze cyane mumateka ya sinema yo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika]] yepfo.<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/manie-van-rensburg/</ref> The Fourth Reich yakinnye neza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime kandi yakiriwe neza kandi isubirwamo neza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1491573%7C0/Manie-Van-Rensburg |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115175301/https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/1491573%7C0/Manie-Van-Rensburg |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Cast == * Ryno Hattingh nka Robey Leibbrandt * Marius Weyers nka Jan Taillard * Grethe Fox nka Erna Dorfman * Percy Sieff nka Louis Esselen * Elize Cawood nka Romy Taillard * Pierre Knoesen nka Lotere ya Dice * Ian Roberts nka Johannes van der Walt * Marcel van Heerden nka Hendrik Erasimusi * Louis van Niekerk nka General Smuts * James Borthwick nka Sidney Cohen * Keith Grenville nka Pierre van Ryneveld * Sandra Kotzé nka Madamu Leibbrandt * Annabel Linder nka Nadia Cohen * Tertius Meintjes nkumuryango Erasimusi * Ernest Ndlovu nka Sipho * Eric Nobbs nka Hennie Schoeman * Brian O'Shaughnessy nka Major Ellis * Dan Robbertse nka Kalie * Cobus Rossouw nka Dr. Hans van Rensburg * Ron Smerczak nka Jenerali Karlowa * Carel Trichardt nka Meyder Leibbrandt * James White nka Major Hattingh * Christine Basson nkumugore wa Kiosk * Will Bernard nka Barman * Pieter Brand nka Pat Jerling * Kerneels Coertzen nka Van Rensburg burly * Vanessa Cooke nka Wanda Stander * Michael Copley nka Kruger * Crispin De Nuys nka Kapiteni Nissen * Gideon De Wet nkumupolisi * Anton Dekker nka Fourie * Frantz Dobrowsky nka Shelver * Wilson Dunster nka Charlie Vosloo * Ernst Eloff nka Beetge * Annette Engelbrecht nka Ouma Smuts * Bill Flynn nk'umuganga w'iteramakofe * Adrian Galley nka Hansie * Ben Kruger nka Oosthuizen * Greg Latter nka Heckler * Dale Lee nkindorerwamo ya Afrika * Nico Liebenberg nka Sgt Pauley * Patrick Lyster nka Sgt. Spengler * Johan Niemandt nka Wolmarans * Deon Opperman nka Van Rensburg burly * Tjaart Potgieter nka Lahousen * Nicky Rebelo nka Van Rensburg burly * André Rossouw nka Dominee * Robin Smith nka Sgt Meintjes * Wilna Snyman nka Soprano * Wilma Stockenström nka Madamu Engelbrecht * André Stolz nka Saunders * Richard van der Westhuizen nka Hirsh * Jan van Deventer nka Steyn * Pierre van Pletzen nka Hertzog * Eric van Rensburg nk'umucamanza * Herbie Vermuellen nka Michelot * James Whyte nka Snyman * Andereya Worsdale nka Joos Engelbrecht == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] tv0k6q5thxj9hnqlj0m4vzj3cy2sckt 0 9475 139324 89631 2026-09-23T07:46:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139324 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raouf J. Jacob''' (wavutse 1988 muri [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba), ni umukinnyi wa firime, producer akaba n'umuyobozi wa firime<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6200379/</ref>. Jacob azwi cyane kubera filime nyinshi yatsindiye ibihembo muri filime za ''[[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone:'' ''A Culture of Silence''<ref>https://worldwidecinemaframes.com/about-raouf-j_-jacob</ref>. Ni n'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa & Rurema akaba n'uwashinze sitidiyo / filime za Worldwide Cinema Frames LLC hamwe na Global Cinema Film Festival ya Boston (GCFF) yashinze mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/raouf-j-jacob/m0_xsfbl?hl=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115165453/https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/raouf-j-jacob/m0_xsfbl?hl=en |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/cast/raouf-j-jacob</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yakoze filime CRY'','' ''America'', yakoze ubushakashatsi ku byago bibabaje no gukurikira. Yakoze kandi urukurikirane ''a Blind World''<ref>https://www.wickedlocal.com/x211927758/Human-rights-film-shown-Wednesday</ref>''.''. Uruhererekane rwasesenguye Umunyagitugu w’Abanazi [[Adolf Hitler]] ' Igisubizo cya nyuma cy’ikibazo cy’Abayahudi <ref>https://www.primevideo.com/gp/video/detail/Sierra-Leone-A-Culture-Of-Silence/0IE5I3QQPAEDZOME0JFMN1EFHO/ref=atv_nb_lcl_he_IL?language=he_IL&ie=UTF8</ref>', [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, itsembabwoko rya Darfur muri Sudani, itotezwa ry’umuryango wa Baha'i muri Irani ndetse n’ingoma y’uwahoze ari intwazangabo Pablo Escobar muri [[Kolombiya]].<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Raouf_J_Jacob/1751792</ref> Muri 2014, Jacob yashyize ahagaragara film documentaire '':'' ''A Culture of Silence'' Yabaye umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer, umukinnyi wa cinemateri, umwanditsi hamwe nivanga amajwi ya firime<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=94601</ref>. Iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo Filime nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya New York City 2014, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Boston 2014<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=94601</ref>, ndetse n’iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Roxbury 2014. Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe ku Isoko rya Filime rya Cannes 2014 (Marché du film de Cannes), Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Afurika rya Silicon n'ibindi!<ref>https://www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release/396302/award-winning-documentary-feature-film-a-culture-of-silence-opens-in-boston-at-west-newton-cinema-on-friday-november-14-2014</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Cry, America'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2010 |''In a Blind World'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2014 |''A Culture of Silence'' |Director, writer, producer, cinematographer, editor, sound mixer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 830ssc3w74bu16m01gpu6xel1px345u 0 9483 139137 133225 2026-09-23T02:40:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139137 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Xolile Tshabalala''' (yavutse ku ya 9 Mata 1977) ni umukinnyi wa [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] yepfo<ref>https://briefly.co.za/35945-xolile-tshabalala-biography-age-baby-husband-actress-generations-pictures-instagram.html</ref>. Azwiho uruhare muri serivise nyinshi za tereviziyo zizwi cyane zirimo ''4Play:Sex Tips for Girls'', ''Secrets & Scandals'', ''Blood & Water'' and ''Housekeepers''.<ref>https://www.thecityceleb.com/biography/celebrity/actress/the-biography-of-xolile-tshabalalay/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115182156/https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye i Vrede, muri Leta y'Ubuntu.  Yiswe na nyirakuru ubyara se. Yarangije mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhanzi afite icyubahiro ndetse na 'Best Performer Performer<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenation.co.za/bio/xolile-tshabalala-biography/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115180700/https://thenation.co.za/bio/xolile-tshabalala-biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>'. == Umwuga == Mu masomo ye mu ishuri ry’igihugu, Xolile yagize amahirwe yo gukina na Thembi Mtshali-Jones, ari naho yamubereye umujyanama<ref>https://www.kaya959.co.za/xolile-tshabalala-politicians-are-using-us-to-shoot-targets-for-their-own-gains/</ref>. Bakinnye hamwe mu ikinamico ''Crucible'' yerekanwe ku Isoko ry'Isoko. Uyu mukinnyi wa filime nawe yakinnye<ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/actress-xolile-tshabalala-on-her-latest-role-and-life-in-lockdown-20200724</ref>. Yakinnye kandi mubikorwa byinshi bya Televiziyo nka, na Soul City season 7, aho yakinnye mushiki we Zama. Ntabwo bigarukira gusa kuri ecran, Xolile yakinnye kandi mumikino itandukanye irimo "Undi Mwana".<ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2021-09-17-xolile-tshabalala-is-fit-for-purpose-thanks-to-granddad/</ref><ref>http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=51385</ref> Mu 2005, yafashe ikiruhuko cyo gukina. Nyuma yagiye muri [[Amerika]] kwitabira ishuri rya Filime rya New York.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115182156/https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yagarutse muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Epfo mu mwaka wa 2010 akina 'Noma' muri televiziyo ya ''4Play: Sex Tips for Girls.'' Hanyuma yakinnye cyane yerekana 'Mandi Mbalula' muri serial ''Fallen'', ikinamico yo mu 2011. Muri 2013, Xolile yagaragaye nka 'Gugu' muri ''High Rollers'' yacaga kuri SABC 3<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.philmphelablog.com/2017/02/xolile-tshabalala-makes-tv-comeback.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115180650/http://www.philmphelablog.com/2017/02/xolile-tshabalala-makes-tv-comeback.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenation.co.za/bio/xolile-tshabalala-biography/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115180700/https://thenation.co.za/bio/xolile-tshabalala-biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115182156/https://mlasa.com/actors/xolile-tshabalala/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2002 |''Generations'' |Julia Montene |TV series |- |2005 |''Rift'' | |Video short |- |2007 |''NCIS'' |Sayda Zuri |TV series |- |2007 |''90 Plein Street'' |Precious |TV series |- |2007 |''Jacob's Cross'' |Busi |TV series |- |2007 |''Rhythm City'' |Stella |TV series |- |2008 |''Hard Copy'' |Teacher |TV series |- |2008 |''Sokhulu & Partners'' |Nosipho Nokwe |TV series |- |2010 |''4Play: Sex Tips for Girls'' |Noma |TV series |- |2010 |''Intersexions'' |Doctor |TV series |- |2011 |''Fallen'' |Mandi Mbalula |TV series |- |2011 |''[[:en:Muvhango|Muvhango]]'' |Senamile |TV series |- |2013 |''High Roller'' |Gugu Mogale |TV series |- |2014 |''Kota Life Crisis'' |Hlengiwe |TV series |- |2014 |''Soul City'' |Sister Zama |TV series |- |2015 |''Rise'' |Fezeka Dlamini |TV series |- |2017 |''Miraculous Weapons'' |Lesedi, producer |Film |- |2017 |''Secrets & Scandals'' |Felicia Okpara |TV series |- |2018 |''Ingozi'' |Angela Ndamase |TV series |- |2020 |''[[:en:Blood_&_Water_(South_African_TV_series)|Blood & Water]]'' |Nwabisa Bhele |TV series |- |2020 |''Housekeepers'' |Noluthando Ngubane |TV series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ttzx8fcqgbpi4eq8xaw21fpfxxxykdf 0 9491 139070 134945 2026-09-23T02:28:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139070 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Beatrice1.jpg|thumb|Ahishakiye Mediatrice]] [[Dosiye:GisagaraDist.png|thumb|Aho Ahishakiye yakoraga nk'umwarimu, n'umunyamabanga w'inama njyanama y'akarere]] '''Médiatrice Ahishakiye''' (yavutse 1978) ni umugore akaba umunyarwandakazi, umunyapolitiki wo wu [[Rwanda]], ubu ari mu bagize Umutwe w'Abadepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko]] y'u Rwanda. <ref name=":1">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/gisagara-depite-ahishakiye-yasabye-abaturage-kubohoka-imitima-bakagaragaza</ref><ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/members-of-the-chamber-of-deputies-rwanda</ref><ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/Amakuru-anyuranye/article/Abadepite-basanze-no-muri-secondaire-hari-abanyeshuri-batazi-gusoma-Ikinyarwanda</ref> .Ahishakiye ahagarariye [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] naho akarere ke ni [[Akarere ka Huye]]. <ref name=":0">https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=364</ref> Ahishakiye mbere yakoraga nk'umwarimu, umunyamabanga w'inama njyanama y'[[akarere ka Gisagara]], ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bagize njyanama y'[[akarere ka Gisagara]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'amajyepfo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://isangostar.rw/amakuru/article/nyarugenge-abadepite-bakoranye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-18 |archive-date=2021-11-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211118152431/http://isangostar.rw/amakuru/article/nyarugenge-abadepite-bakoranye |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu matora y’abadepite yo mu 2018, Ahishakiye yatorewe kuba mu mutwe w’abadepite nk'uhagarariye abagore mu Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>https://ibisigo.com/umwarimukazi-yagaragaje-ko-hari-ibitabo-bakoresha-birimo-amakosa-adatahurwa-nubonetse-wese</ref><ref name=":1" /> == Ibyo Yakoze == * Kuva muri 2018 kugeza ubu : ari mu mu inteko ishinga amategeko. * Kuva muri 2011 - 2018 : Umujyana mu karere ka Gisagara * Kuva muri 2011 - 2016 : Ashizwe amategeko muri SNF mu karere * Kuva muri 2011 - 2016 : Umunyamabanga w'ajyanama y'akarere * Kuva muri 2009-2011: Umujyanama w'abaturage ku rwego rw'umurenge * Kuva muri 2009-2018: Umuyobozi w'ikigo * Kuva muri 2001-2010: Umuyobozi mu nkiko gacaca mu urenge wa Muhororo * Kuva muri 2000 -2003: Umwarimu kuri EP MUHORORO.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] 1nw48oc5meung4dgopfgprzqujetnyj 0 9499 139203 122615 2026-09-23T07:12:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139203 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vivienne Roumani-Denn n'umukinnyi''' wa firime wumunyamerika. Azwiho kuba umuyobozi wa firime zishimirwa ''Abayahudi ba nyuma bo muri [[Libiya]]'' no ''hanze''<ref>http://outofprintthemovie.com/vivienne-roumani/</ref> <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271408679_Out_of_Print_A_Film_by_Vivienne_Roumani</ref>. Usibye gukora amafilime, ni n'umuhanga mu kuvuga amateka, producer, umukinnyi wa sinema, ushushanya kuvuga n'umwanditsi<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tribecafilm.com/films/514b62a2c07f5dea87000005-out-of-print |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120073056/https://tribecafilm.com/films/514b62a2c07f5dea87000005-out-of-print |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bitlanders.com/Vivienne |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-20 |archive-date=2021-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120073107/https://www.bitlanders.com/Vivienne |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashusho<ref>https://mubi.com/films/out-of-print</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2007 |''[[:en:The_Last_Jews_of_Libya|The Last Jews of Libya]]'' |Director |Documentary |- |2013 |''Thanks'' |producer |Short film |- |2013 |''Out of Print'' |Director, producer |Documentary |- |2019 |''Purity'' |executive producer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] dq2dw5xrgk62b00wjt1wlbi9drspz6f 0 9545 139116 139013 2026-09-23T02:37:43Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139116 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Somalia regions.png|thumb|nasib yavukiye muri somalia nyuma baje kuhava]] [[Dosiye:Nasib Farah 2018.jpg|thumb|'''Nasib Farah''']] '''Nasib Farah''' (yavutse 1981), ni umunyasomaliya uba muri [[Danimarike|danimarke]] . Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime zizwi cyane My COUSIN PIRATE ,''Warrior from the North'' and ''Lost warrior'' . Usibye gukora amafilime, ni umunyamakuru, umusemuzi, umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro, umufasha wigisha akaba n'umugiraneza.<ref>https://www.dfi.dk/en/viden-om-film/filmdatabasen/person/nasib-farah</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3591/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121055645/http://www.filme-aus-afrika.de/EN/film-database/persons/personen-details/w/3591/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavukiye muri [[Somaliya]] mu 1981. Mu 1990 yahunze [[Mogadishu]] n'umuryango we nyuma y'intambara yo muri [[Somaliya]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-2015/1185-warriors-from-the-north.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121055645/https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-2015/1185-warriors-from-the-north.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Icyakora, yabuze umuryango we igihe yarokoka hanyuma ahungira ku mupaka yerekeza muri [[Etiyopiya]], mbere yo guhaguruka mu [[Budage]] arangije atura muri [[Danimarike]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://zagrebdox.net/en/2015/program/special_programme/middleast/warriors_from_the_north |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121055646/http://zagrebdox.net/en/2015/program/special_programme/middleast/warriors_from_the_north |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ku ikubitiro yari impunzi itaraherekejwe nyuma akurira mu kigo cya Croix Rouge cyo muri [[Danemarike]] Avnstrup hafi ya Lejre. Yashakanye n’umugore wo muri [[Danemarke]], babyarana abana.<ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/danish-documentary-film-directors</ref> == Umwuga == Yatoje nk'umucuruzi kandi akora nk'umunyamakuru wigenga imyaka mike. Nyuma yaje gushinga umuryango udaharanira inyungu wibanda ku gufasha abandi basore bo muri [[Somaliya]] binyuze mu kwigisha no nyuma y’ishuri<ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2018/9/11/telling-the-stories-of-somalias-lost-warriors</ref>. Yifashishije iryo shyirahamwe kugira ngo agaragaze ibyamubayeho, Farah yatangije gahunda ya tereviziyo y'abaturage yitwa 'Qaran TV' ku baturage ba [[Somaliya]] muri [[Danimarike]].<ref>https://www.goethe.de/ins/ts/en/m/ver.cfm?date_start=%7Bts+%272016-04-01+00%3A00%3A00%27%7D&fuseaction=events.displayoutputtype&date_end=%7Bts+%272016-04-30+23%3A59%3A59%27%7D&</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, Farah yagize uruhare runini muri filime My COUSIN PIRATE, iyobowe na Christian Sønderby Jepsen<ref>https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C1795815/my-cousin-pirate</ref>. Icyakora buri gihe yakeneraga gukora nk'umuyobozi aho kuba umukinnyi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=65634006&lang=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409073705/https://www.owlapps.net/owlapps_apps/articles?id=65634006&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2015, yakoze ''filime yambere ya Warriors kuva mumajyaruguru'' . Yamamaye cyane kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Muri 2018, yayoboye documentaire ya kabiri ''Lost Warrior ari'' kumwe n'umukinnyi wa firime wo muri [[Danemarike]] Søren Steen Jespersen<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-2pmce0/my-cousing-the-pirate/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121055643/https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-2pmce0/my-cousing-the-pirate/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-2015/1185-warriors-from-the-north.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121055645/https://www.giffonifilmfestival.it/en/sezioni-film-2015/1185-warriors-from-the-north.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/5be625c97d395</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role |- |2010 |''[[:en:My_Cousin_the_Pirate|My Cousin the Pirate]]'' |Co-director, Narrator |- |2014 |''The Newsroom: Off the Record'' |Himself |- |2014 |''Snapdocs - here is jonas suspected killer'' |Editorial staff |- |2015 |''Warriors from the North'' |Director |- |2016 |''Mogadishu Soldier'' |Translator |- |2017 |''Præsidenten fra Nordvest'' |Production manager |- |2018 |''Lost Warrior'' |Director |- |2019 |''Q's barbershop'' |Instructor Assistant |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] gkcz97o56r628ri1es7jxfy5stozjpx 0 9557 139441 133742 2026-09-23T09:44:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139441 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nabwana_IGG_(2019).jpg|thumb|right|Nabwana Isaac Godfrey Geoffrey]] [[Dosiye:Uganda - Location Map (2013) - UGA - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|nabwana yavukiye muri uganda ninaho yakuriye]] '''Isaac Godfrey Geoffrey Nabwana''', uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Nabwana IGG''', ni umukinnyi [[Ubugande|wa]] firime muri [[Uganda]] akaba na producer<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm4254419/</ref> . Uwashinze studio ya firime Wakaliwood, Nabwana azwi cyane kubera urugomo rwubusa muri film ye. Nabwana yatangiye kwamamara nyuma yo kohereza trailer ya film ye Who Killed Captain Alex? kuri YouTube muri 2010 hanyuma nyuma ya firime nyirizina muri 2015. Filime yabonye umwanya wo gusenga none yicaye kuri miliyoni 6.4 kuri YouTube<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://americancinemathequecalendar.com/category/director/nabwana-igg |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121130301/https://americancinemathequecalendar.com/category/director/nabwana-igg |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Nabwana yavukiye muri [[Uganda]] ku ngoma ya [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] mu 1973. Mu ntambara yo muri Uganda Bush, bivugwa ko we na murumuna we birukanywe na kajugujugu. Iyi kajugujugu irashobora kugaragara muri Who Killed Captain Alex?.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/nabwana-i-g-g/g11cjp98d77?hl=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121130254/https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/nabwana-i-g-g/g11cjp98d77?hl=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Nkuko atari yarigeze aba mu ikinamico, yishingikirizaga ahanini kuri barumuna be n'inshuti ibisobanuro bya firime zasohotse mu ikinamico. Yagiye mu masomo yo gusana mudasobwa, ariko ahatirwa kureka ishuri nyuma yukwezi kwa mbere kubera kubura amafaranga<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cines.com/en/directors/nabwana-i-g-g |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2025-02-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250222112250/https://cines.com/en/directors/nabwana-i-g-g |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kubwibyo, yatangiye kwiga gukora firime nibice byayo muburyo bwo kwigira wenyine hamwe nubunararibonye bwe bwo kugerageza-kwibeshya hamwe na kamera nibikoresho byo gutunganya. Afite imyaka 32, yatangiye gukina film nkumwuga. Mu 2005, Nabwana yashinze Ramon Film Productions: izina ryakomotse kuri nyirakuru, Rachel na Monica, nyuma rizwi ku izina rya Wakaliwood<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/nabwana-i-g-g</ref> . Ibikorwa bye bya firime bishingiye murugo rwe aho yatangiye gukora no gufata amashusho yindirimbo kuva 2009<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thefridacinema.org/movies-so-bad-theyre-good/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121130259/https://thefridacinema.org/movies-so-bad-theyre-good/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ramon Production yitabiriye firime zirenga 44. Zimwe muri firime zizwi zakozwe na Ramon Productions Who Killed Captain Alex? ,Bad Black, na ''Tebaatusasula''. Filime ''Who Killed Captain Alex?'' izwi nka firime yambere yuzuye ibikorwa muri cinema ya [[Uganda]].<ref>https://www.viddy-well.com/reviews/tag/Ramon+Film+Productions</ref> Igihe Alan Hofmanis, umuyobozi mukuru mu iserukiramuco rya firime rifite icyicaro mu mujyi wa New York, yagiye muri [[Uganda]], yahuye na Nabwana maze asaba ko yakora documentaire kuri Ramon Film Productions, Hofmanis kuva ubwo yimukira muri [[Uganda]] kugira ngo afashe kumenyekanisha sinema ya Wakaliwood ku isi. Yahawe kandi gukina filime ya ''Bad Black mu'' mwaka wa 2016 Nabwana kandi yiswe "umukinnyi wa mbere wa filime wa Mzungu Uganda<ref>https://www.claudinecolin.com/en/1910-louis-cyprien-rials-with-ramon-film-productions-on-the-wakaliga-roa-dside-sam-prize-for-contemporary-art-2017</ref>." Nabwana yatsindiye ibihembo 6 == Uburyo bwo gufata amashusho hamwe ninsanganyamatsiko == Nabwana yafashe amashusho ye mu Luganda, imvugo ya Baganda, ubwoko bunini bwa [[Uganda]]. Nabwana azwiho ibikorwa nubugizi bwa nabi bivanze no gusetsa muri film ye. Afata ibyemezo muri firime ye bikabije bigizwe ahanini no kurwanisha imbunda Kung-fu nubuhanzi bwintambara. Nabwana afite kandi ibihangano bye yise 'Video Joker' (cyangwa VJ muri make) kugirango atange ibisobanuro kuri firime aho avuga urwenya no gutaka amagambo adasanzwe. Iyi mico yagaragaye muri firime zose za Nabwana.<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/crazy-world-the-new-ugandan-action-film-from-wakaliwood/</ref><ref>https://www.sputnikmusic.com/news/41360/Heaven-Shall-Burn-go-to-Wakaliwood/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2008 |''Ekisa Butwa'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2010 |''Valentine: Satanic Day'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2010 |''Tebaatusasula'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2010 |''[[:en:Who_Killed_Captain_Alex?|Who Killed Captain Alex?]]'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2011 |''The Return of Uncle Benon'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2011 |''Rescue Team'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2012 |''Bukunja Tekunja Mitti: The Cannibals'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2012 |''Black'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2014 |''Crazy World'' |Director, producer, actor, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2015 |''The Revenge'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''The Ivory Trap: Akanawuusu'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Once a Soja: Agubiri the Gateman'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Million Dollar Kid'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Kapitano'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2016 |''Attack on Nyege Nyege Island'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Short film |- |2016 |''[[:en:Bad_Black|Bad Black]]'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2020 |''Heaven Shall Burn'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |2021 |''Once Upon a Time in Uganda'' |Actor |Documentary |- |TBD |''Operation Kakongoliro! The Ugandan Expendables'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |TBD |''Eaten Alive in Uganda'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |- |TBD |''Ebola Hunter'' |Director, producer, writer, cinematographer |Film |} [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] i68o2h9zh7erbh5tv2q0083ybwxw61x 0 9567 139427 116472 2026-09-23T09:43:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139427 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Programa piloto do Canal da Cultura (21076924285).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Angola - Location Map (2013) - AGO - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|carlos yavukiye muri angola ninaho yakuriye]] '''Carlos Miguel V. Conceição''' (yavutse 5 Kanama 1979), ni Umukinnyi wa firime ukomoka muri [[porutigali]] [[Angola|wavukiye muri Angola]] <ref name=":0">https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0174228/</ref>. Conceição azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa firime ''Goodnight Cinderella'', ''Serpentarius'' na ''Bad Bunny''<ref name=":1">https://en.unifrance.org/movie/44009/bad-bunny</ref> . Usibye kuyobora, ni numuproducer, umwanditsi wamashusho hamwe nuwashushanyije amajwi<ref name=":2">https://mubi.com/films/bad-bunny</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Kanama 1979 muri [[Angola]]. Mu 2002, yabonye impamyabumenyi mu Cyongereza, afite ubuhanga mu buvanganzo bwa Romantike<ref name=":0" />. Nyuma yaje kubona indi mpamyabumenyi, kuri iyi nshuro muri sinema, mu ishuri rya Theatre na Lisbonne mu 2006.<ref name=":1" /> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga mu 2005 nka videwo yindirimbo nuwatunganya amashusho y'ubuhanzi<ref name=":2" />. Muri 2013, yakoze ''Versailles'' ngufi, yari mu marushanwa muri Lokarno Festival, Curtas Vila do Conde na Mar Del Plata Festivals. Filime ye ya ''Goodnight Cinderella'' 2014 yagaragaye bwa mbere mucyumweru cya Critics ' Festival ya Cannes. Muri 2017, filime ye ''Bad Bunny'' yongeye kugaragara i Cannes.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://festival.curtas.pt/1993-2/authors/carlos-conceicao/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121164331/http://festival.curtas.pt/1993-2/authors/carlos-conceicao/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashusho<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0174228/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1993 |''The House of the Spirits'' |Actor: uncredited |Film |- |1999 |''The Ninth Gate'' |Actor: uncredited |Film |- |2004 |''Diário de Bordo'' |Actor: Scientist |Video short |- |2005 |''Two Drifters'' |Sound assistant |Film |- |2006 |''Glória'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Avé Maria'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Espírito de Natal'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Regresso a Casa'' |Second assistant director |TV episode |- |2006 |''Quante Cose Non Sono Chiamate Amore'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2007 |''Lady Godiva's Operation'' |Director, writer, editor |Music video |- |2008 |''A Couple of Spiders'' |Director, screenplay, editor, producer |Video installation |- |2008 |''Os Vigilantes'' |Sound director, composer |Short film |- |2008 |''Cão Preto'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2009 |''Ordena Que Te Ame'' |Director, writer, editor |Music video |- |2009 |''Os Mistérios de Lisboa'' |Sound director |Documentary |- |2010 |''Verónica'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2010 |''Temporária'' |Director, screenplay, editor |Video installation |- |2010 |''The Flesh'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2011 |''Hell, or Pool Keeping'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2011 |''Red Dawn'' |Sound recordist |Documentary short |- |2012 |''Morning of Saint Anthony's Day'' |Actor: Rapaz da Rua de Santa Joana Princesa |Short film |- |2012 |''The King's Body'' |Sound director |Short film |- |2012 |''The Last Time I Saw Macao'' |Sound recordist |Film |- |2013 |''Versailles'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2013 |''É o Amor'' |Sound recordist |Film |- |2014 |''Goodnight, Cinderella'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Short film |- |2014 |''Segredo de Matar'' |Director, screenplay, editor, producer |Web video |- |2015 |''Wake Up Leviathan'' |Director, writer, editor, producer, cinematographer |Video documentary short |- |2015 |''IEC Long'' |Sound recordist |Documentary short |- |2015 |''Here in Lisbon'' |Actor |Film |- |2017 |''Bad Bunny'' |Director, writer |Short film |- |2019 |''Serpentarius'' |Director, writer, editor, producer, cinematographer, composer, voice |Film |- |2020 |''The King of Europe'' |Director, writer, editor |Music video |- |2020 |''Name Above Title'' |Director, writer, editor, producer |Film |- |2022 |''Bodyhackers'' |Director, writer | |- |TBD |''Abominable Flowers'' |Director, writer, editor, producer, art director |Film |- |TBD |''Goodbye King Kong'' |Director, producer |Short film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 3b8mdoqq6co92d0ixyst43as2kjkm5t 0 9579 139398 116478 2026-09-23T09:15:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139398 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Algeria - Location Map (2013) - DZA - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|numidia yavukiye muri algeria niho yanakuriye]] '''Numidia Lezoul''' (yavutse 10 Gashyantare 1996), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Yavukiye mu ishami rya Tizi Ouzou. Yize umuziki n'umurage wa Andalusiya imyaka 8<ref>https://www.personality-database.com/profile/373132/numidia-lezoul-actors-actresses-world-mbti-personality-type</ref>. Muri 2016, yatangiye umwuga wo gukina afite uruhare runini 'mushiki wa Bouzid Zahra' kuri tereviziyo ya ''sitidiyo ya Buside''<ref>https://www.dreampirates.in/actress/numidia-lezoul</ref> . Hanyuma yagaragaye muri ''seri ya Taht almuraqaba yo muri 2017'' nka 'fiancée wumunyamerika Abdullah'. Muri uwo mwaka, yitabiriye umukino wo ''kwidagadura wo muri Alijeriya witwa Chiche Atahaddak'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankensaurus.com/Numidia_Lezoul |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-21 |archive-date=2021-11-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211121184856/https://frankensaurus.com/Numidia_Lezoul |url-status=dead }}</ref>. <ref>[http://www.echoroukonline.com/ara/articles/524246.html فريدة بلقسّام وأحمد خلفاوي يقبلان التحدّي في "شيش أتحدّاك".](in Arabic). Retrieved June 12, 2017.</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Ref. |- | 2016 | ''Umunsi wa Buside'' | fifi | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |- | 2017 | ''Taht almuraqaba'' | Umukunzi wa Abdullah wumunyamerika | Urukurikirane rwa TV | |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] nzj2cdsgek5q9i0wuwjd2afpp3na1f7 0 9586 139325 132240 2026-09-23T07:46:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139325 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Filipe Duarte cantor.png|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Duarte travessoss.png|thumb|filipe duarte]] '''Luís Filipe Duarte Ferreira da Silva''', uzwi cyane ku izina rya '''Filipe Duarte''' (5 Kamena 1973 - 17 Mata 2020), yari umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Porutigali|Portugal]] akaba n'umuhanzi w'ijwi<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1379813/</ref>. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Variações: Umumarayika Murinzi'', ''Cinzento e Negro'' na ''Urusaku'' <ref>https://expresso.pt/cultura/2020-04-17-Morreu-o-ator-Filipe-Duarte</ref><ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1379813/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 5 Kamena 1973 i Nova Lisboa, icyo gihe avukira mu gihugu cya [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] na [[Angola]]. Yashakanye n'umukinnyi wa filime wo muri Espagne, Nuria Mencía<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/77409-filipe-duarte</ref> . Abashakanye bafite umukobwa umwe, Antonia wavutse muri Werurwe 2011<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/77409-filipe-duarte</ref>. Duarte yapfuye ku ya 17 Mata 2020, ubwo COVID-19 yafungwaga bwa mbere muri [[Porutigali|Porutugali]], afite imyaka 46 azize indwara ya myocardial<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/04/filipe-duarte-dead-days-gone/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122035934/https://heavy.com/entertainment/2020/04/filipe-duarte-dead-days-gone/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Filipe Duarte show.png|thumb]] Duarte yarangije amasomo yikinamico kuri theatre kuri Theatre ya Lisbonne na School of Film <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://latestbios.com/usa/filipe-duarte-bio-wiki-age/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122041439/https://latestbios.com/usa/filipe-duarte-bio-wiki-age/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Hanyuma yarangije amahugurwa yabakinnyi mu kigo cyubushakashatsi no guhanga amakinamico. Yatangiye umwuga we wo gukina akina amakinamico menshi ayobowe n'abayobozi b'amakinamico bazwi cyane Adolfo Gutkin, Rogério de Carvalho, Geraldo Touché, Francisco Salgado, Carlos J. Pessoa, Laila Ripol na Miguel Seabra<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dn.pt/pais/ator-filipe-duarte-morre-aos-46-anos-12083903.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122035937/https://www.dn.pt/pais/ator-filipe-duarte-morre-aos-46-anos-12083903.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Kuri televiziyo, yakinnye kuri filimi''Teorema de Pitágoras'', iyobowe na Gonçalo Galvão Telles.<ref>https://www.dnoticias.pt/2020/4/17/58308-morreu-o-actor-filipe-duarte</ref> Hanyuma yinjiye muri ''serivise ebyiri za televiziyo A Ferreirinha'', iyobowe na Jorge Paixão da Costa na ''João Semana'', na João Cayatte. Amaze kuba umukinnyi uzwi cyane muri serial, yagize uruhare runini muri serie ya ''Ecuador'' yari ishingiye ku gitabo cyanditswe na Miguel Sousa Tavares. Muri 2013, yakinnye cyane 'João Belmonte' muri seri ya televiziyo ''Belmonte''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://offgridviews.blogspot.com/2021/10/filipe-duarte-actor.html?m=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122035935/https://offgridviews.blogspot.com/2021/10/filipe-duarte-actor.html?m=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Hagati aho, Filipe yakoraga amajwi asanzwe yerekana amakatuni na firime zirimo umuntu uzwi cyane 'Sanosuke Sagara' muri animasiyo ya ''Samurai X''<ref>https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/211606255/filipe-duarte</ref>''.'' Igihe yapfaga mu 2020, yafataga amajwi y'ikinamico yo muri Berezile ''Amor de Mãe'', yerekanaga kuri SIC, yinjira mu bakinnyi ba filime ''Nothing Ever Happened'' iyobowe na Gonçalo Galvão Teles<ref>https://www.dnoticias.pt/2020/4/17/58308-morreu-o-actor-filipe-duarte</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1997 |''13º Buraco'' | |Short film |- |1999 |''Jardim da Celeste'' | |TV Series |- |1999 |''À Deriva'' |Luís |Short film |- |2001 |''A Febre do Ouro Negro'' |Xico Perigoso |TV Mini-Series |- |2001 |''Teorema de Pitágoras'' |Henrique |TV Movie |- |2001 |''Bastidores'' |Afonso |TV Series |- |2002 |''Sociedade Anónima'' | |TV Series |- |2002 |''Fúria de Viver'' |Pedro Lacerda |TV Series |- |2003 |''Just by Chance'' |Carlos |TV Series |- |2003 |''Cacto'' |Fred |Short film |- |2003 |''Os Imortais'' |Abel Cavaco |Film |- |2004 |''The Miracle According to Salomé'' |Tenente Brás |Film |- |2004 |''The Murmuring Coast'' |Luis |Film |- |2004 |''A Ferreirinha'' |António Bernardo |TV Series |- |2004 |''Confissões de 2 Deputados'' | |Short film |- |2005 |''Um Tiro no Escuro'' |Engenheiro |Film |- |2005 |''João Semana'' |Zé do Telhado |TV Series |- |2005 |''Uma Noite ao Acaso'' | |Short film |- |2005 |''Um Amor Próprio'' |Passenger |Short film |- |2006 |''Estranho'' |Husband |TV Series |- |2006 |''Blood Curse'' |Luis |Film |- |2006 |''Fatal'' |Batarda |Short film |- |2006 |''Os Caminheiros'' | |Short film |- |2007 |''Antes de Amanhã'' | |Short film |- |2007 |''A Outra Margem'' |Ricardo |Film |- |2008 |''[[:en:Nuit_de_chien|Nuit de chien]]'' |Júlio |Film |- |2008 |''Noise'' |Paulo |Film |- |2008 |''Castelos no Ar'' |Júlio |Short film |- |2008 |''[[:en:4_Hearts|4 Copas]]'' |Miguel |Film |- |2008 |''Equador'' |Luís Bernardo Valença |TV Mini-Series |- |2010 |''Voodoo'' | |Short film |- |2010 |''Senhor X'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Redenção'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''O Legado do Pai'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Casa c/ Piscina'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Zoo'' | |Short film |- |2011 |''Barcelona, Neutral City'' |Pedro |TV Series |- |2011 |''Tejo'' |Inspector |Short film |- |2011 |''A Primeira Ceia'' |António |Short film |- |2012 |''Imagine'' |Stranger |Film |- |2012 |''Pháon'' | |Short film |- |2013 |''A Ceia'' |Paulo |Short film |- |2013 |''[[:en:The_Invisible_Life|The Invisible Life]]'' |Hugo |Film |- |2014 |''[[:en:The_Time_in_Between_(TV_series)|The Time in Between]]'' |Da Silva |TV Series |- |2014 |''O Pesadelo de João'' | |Short film |- |2013 |''[[:en:Belmonte_(TV_series)|Belmonte]]'' |João Belmonte |TV Series |- |2015 |''Dinis e Isabel'' |D. Dinis |Short film |- |2015 |''Cinzento e Negro'' |Lucas Oliveira e Silva |Film |- |2015 |''O Assalto'' |Assaltante |Short film |- |2015 |''Tales from the Circus'' |Pepe |Short film |- |2016 |''Terapia'' |Jorge Velez |TV Series |- |2016 |''Histórias de Alice'' |Olavo |Film |- |2016 |''The Death of Louis XIV'' |Noble |Film |- |2016 |''Os Boys'' |César |TV Series |- |2017 |''Traça: Mar Deserto'' | |Short film |- |2018 |''El accidente'' |Paul Bresson |TV Series |- |2018 |''[[:en:La_otra_mirada|La otra mirada]]'' |Vanildo "Nildo" Zacarías de Azevedo |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Matadero|Matadero]]'' |Vasco |TV Series |- |2019 |''[[:en:Variações_(film)|Variações]]'' |Fernando Ataíde |Film |- |2020 |''Mosquito'' |Tenente do Posto |Film |- |2020 |''[[:en:Amor_de_Mãe|Amor de Mãe]]'' |Gabo |TV Series |- |2020 |''Nothing Ever Happened'' |Jorge |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] hil49h26bahn04kcxhnhrp0b5ace0bx 0 9620 139233 116488 2026-09-23T07:26:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Regions of Ghana by HDI (2017).svg|thumb|fred kudjo yavukiye muri ghana]] '''Fred Kudjo Kuwornu''' (yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971), ni Umutaliyani, umukinnyi wa filime wo muri [[Gana]],<ref>https://www.okayafrica.com/african-film-18-ius-soli-fred-kuwornu/</ref> producer, uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu akaba n'umwarimu ufite icyicaro i New York. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.filmatique.com/interviews-1/2018/fred-kudjo-kuwornu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2020-11-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125139/https://www.filmatique.com/interviews-1/2018/fred-kudjo-kuwornu |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.bu.edu/european/tag/fred-kudjo-kuwornu/</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa documentaire zizwi cyane nka ''Blaxploitalian Imyaka 100 Yirabura muri Sinema y'Ubutaliyani'', ''Imbere ya Buffalo'' na ''18 IUS SOLI''. Inyandiko ze zivuga ku nsanganyamatsiko za politiki n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage, nk'ivanguramoko, umubano hagati y'amoko, ubudasa, Abanyafurika-Abataliyani ndetse n'irangamuntu ya Diaspora mu Butaliyani na diaspora ya Afurika ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weloveitalian.org/kuwornu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123104926/http://www.weloveitalian.org/kuwornu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Niwe mutaliyani wambere ukomoka muri Afrika abaye umuyobozi. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1971 i Bologna mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]] kwa se uva [[Gana]] na nyina w’umutaliyani. <ref name="fullbio">https://3005e193-e7bd-452d-a040-b74c42987c53.filesusr.com/ugd/6ef997_bf2d0bcabeec4f8f8ffe90c5203e7c74.pdf</ref> Se Perviss Kuwornu akomoka mu mudugudu wo mu karere ka Volta, muri [[Gana]], wageze mu Butaliyani mu 1965 yiga ubuvuzi. <ref name="dotherightfilms">https://www.dotherightfilms.nyc/bio-fred-kuwornu</ref> Se wize ibijyanye no kubaga umutima nubuvuzi rusange nyuma arangiza kaminuza. Nyina Alessandra Giacomelli ni Umuyahudi wo mu [[Butaliyani]] wo muri Bologna. Kuwornu yakuriye i Bologna, nyuma yimukira muri Gana, Ferrara, Roma. <ref name="nuoveradici">https://www.nuoveradici.world/articoli/the-incredible-story-of-fred-kuwornu-film-director-born-and-raised-in-italy-who-now-lives-in-america-and-looks-to-africa/</ref> == Umwuga == Amashuri yisumbuye mu Butaliyani no muri Amerika, yabonye impamyabumenyi ya siyanse ya politiki n'itangazamakuru, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Bologna. Ku myaka 16, Fred Kuwornu atangira ubunararibonye bwe nk'umuvugizi wa Radio Estense, radiyo yo muri Ferrara, bityo anonosora ubuhanga bwe bwo guhanga hamwe n'ishyaka rye rya muzika, mu myaka intsinzi ya Rap n'inzu mu muco w'Ubutaliyani. Umwuga we nka DJ uzakomeza kumyaka 15 iri imbere kumaradiyo atandukanye, nka "Radio Bologna International", na "Radio Jam FM." Ku izina ry'irihimbano “Freddy Ajya mu nzu” akora nka producer wa label Mantra Vibes, amenya imbyino imwe yise “Ifirimbi” (1998) na “Sun Train” (1999). Azahagarika umwuga we wa radio igihe azaba yimukiye i Roma gukora muri sinema na TV<ref>http://www.iitaly.org/magazine/events/reports/article/18-ius-soli-addressing-citizenship-in-modern-day-italy</ref><ref>https://www.coloradocollege.edu/academics/faculty/faculty-by-department.html</ref>. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2002 |''Un papà quasi perfetto'' |Actor |TV Series |- |2003 |''Natale in Autogril'' |Director |Short film |- |2005 |''Miracle at St. Anna'' |Production assistant, Actor: uncredited role |Short |- |2007 |''Virgin Territory'' |Stunts |Film |- |2008 |''Amatemi'' |Actor |Short |- |2008 |''Discovering the Buffalo'' |producer |Documentary |- |2010 |''Inside Buffalo'' |Director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2011 |''18 IUS SOLI'' |Director, executive producer |Documentary |- |2016 |''Blaxploitalian 100 Years of Blackness in Italian Cinema'' |Director, executive producer, writer |Documentary |- |2021 |''Mothers & Daughters: Stories of women from Latin America in Italy'' |Producer |Documentary short |} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 936r7buz9fbqu9s8rgm5kfrtjmqn3wk 0 9626 139102 124163 2026-09-23T02:32:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139102 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Argentina topo location map.jpg|thumb|Pablo yavukiye muri Argentina]] '''Pablo García Pérez de Lara''' (yavutse 29 Ukwakira, 1970), ni umunya Esipanye ukora ndetse akandika filimi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pablogarciaperezdelara.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123173801/https://www.pablogarciaperezdelara.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Azwi cyane nkumuyobozi wa documentaire nyafurika z''izwi cyane'' nka Tchindas. <ref>https://letterboxd.com/director/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara/</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1970 i Barcelona, [[Esipanye|Espanye]]. Yize muri Centre d'Estudis Cinematogràfics de Catalunya (CECC).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.llenguadesignes.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123173804/https://www.llenguadesignes.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 1996, yatangiye gukina bwa mbere muri firime ''Fuente Álamo, Caress of Time nkimpano'' yumushinga watanzwe na Barcelona Alternativa festival. Yarangije filime muri 2001 hanyuma ahitamo muri SEMINCI muri Valladolid. Filime yari yatoranijwe kumugaragaro muri Karlovy Vary. Hanyuma muri 2007, yakoze firime ''Butterfly'' ikora igice cyemewe cya Karlovy Vary na San Sebastián.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.documentamadrid.com/en/films/camino-incierto |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123173803/https://www.documentamadrid.com/en/films/camino-incierto |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="africanfilmny">https://africanfilmny.org/directors/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara/</ref> Muri 2015, yakoze documentaire yamamaye cyane ''Tchindas'' afatanya na Marc Serena. Yatoranijwe mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime kandi yegukana ibihembo 14 mpuzamahanga. Film nyuma yatsinze Outfest 's Grand Jury Award for Excellence mu sinema.<ref>https://pro.festivalscope.com/film/tchindas</ref> <ref>https://variety.com/2015/film/news/outfest-2015-winners-list-1201543695/</ref> Mu 2002, yakoze filime ngufi ''Alicia Portrayed'' yatoranijwe muri Cannes Festival's Critics 'Week 2003. Hagati aho, Pablo yakoze documentaire ebyiri ''Son de Galicia'' muri 2006 na ''Mura, un poble de cine'' muri 2010 kuri tereviziyo. Nyuma yaje gukora nka ''cinemateri wa'' documentaire Familystrip yamenyekanye cyane muri 2009. Muri 2011, yakoze documentaire ''Oblidant a Nonot''. Yakiriye igihembo cya City of Alcalá muri Alcine 2011, ndetse nigihembo cyabateze amatwi muri l'Alternativa de Barcelona 2011 na Filime ngufi nziza mu rurimi rw'amarenga muri Cinemobile de Sevilla 2011. Noneho muri 2012, yabaye umukinnyi wa ''cinemateri wa film El efecto K. El montador de Stalin'' yerekanwe mumunsi mukuru 60 mpuzamahanga kwisi. <ref>http://catalanfilms.cat/es/profesionales/pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara</ref><ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/229763-pablo-garcia-perez-de-lara</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1994 |''Plou sobre Alabama'' |Cinematographer |Short film |- |1998 |''Por allí no pasan autobuses'' |Cinematographer |Short film |- |1986 |''Alien Predator'' |Man in Store |Documentary |- |1999 |''El jardinero'' |Narco |Documentary |- |2001 |''Vos, que sos mi hermana'' |Cinematographer, editor |Documentary |- |2002 |''Fuente Álamo, la caricia del tiempo'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |2003 |''Alicia retratada'' |Director, producer, writer, editor |Short film |- |2005 |''Mapuche nación que vuelve'' |Director, producer, writer |Documentary |- |2007 |''Bolboreta, mariposa, papallona'' |Director, producer, writer, editor |Documentary |- |2009 |''Familystrip'' |Cinematographer |Documentary |- |2011 |''Oblidant a Nonot'' |Director, writer |Documentary short |- |2012 |''El efecto K. El montador de Stalin'' |Cinematographer |Film |- |2015 |''[[:en:Tchindas|Tchindas]]'' |Director, writer, cinematographer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 8fvg5u5pqyalcicq1q37prp41p7cbva 0 9647 139472 104348 2026-09-23T09:49:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139472 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anthony Oluwakayode Oseyemi''' (yavutse 17 Mutarama 1977), ni umwongereza akaba umukinnyi [[Afurika y’Epfo|wa filimi muri Afurika yepfo ukomoka]] muri Nigeriya. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/anthony-oseyemi/filmografie</ref> Azwi cyane ku ruhare muri firime na teleserial ''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'', ''[[:en:Mordene_i_Kongo|The Congo Murders]]'' and ''Isidingo''. .<ref>https://www.thecityceleb.com/biography/celebrity/actor/anthony-oseyemi-biography-age-parents-wife-net-worth-wikipedia-agent-cast-movies-height-girlfriend/</ref> Usibye gukina, ni n'umwanditsi, umucuranzi na producer. <ref>https://www.zkhiphani.co.za/exclusive-interview-with-anthony-oseyemi/</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 17 Mutarama 1977 mu [[Bwongereza]] mu muryango wa [[Nigeriya]]. Nyuma yaje kwimukira muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]]. yakuye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'ubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya Londere y'Amajyaruguru. Yarangije icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu Bwongereza. Amaze kwiga, yasubiye mur[[i Afurika y'Epfo]] arahatura. <ref name="oseyami">https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=5416</ref><ref>https://www.thedailybiography.com/anthony-oseyemi/</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga wo gukina kuri stage mu rwego rwo gukinisha urubyiruko rwa Lewisham<ref>https://www.imdb.com/search/name/?bio_author=Anthony+Oluwakayode+Oseyemi</ref>. Hanyuma yakoze ibitaramo byingirakamaro kumugezi murwego rwo kwerekana imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ryabereye i Londres. Yakinnye kandi muri Tricycle theatre na Albany hamwe na Project Phakama. Hagati aho, yagize uruhare runini mu ikinamico ''Amen Corner'' yakozwe na James Baldwin.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://stringfixer.com/nl/Anthony_Oseyemi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=2021-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125071847/https://stringfixer.com/nl/Anthony_Oseyemi |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yafatanije kandi gukina ''Performance'' hamwe na Multi media production aho yanagize uruhare. Muri kiriya gihe, yanagize uruhare mu bashyitsi kuri televiziyo nka ITV ya ''The Bill'' (2003) ndetse n'ikinamico ry'ubuvuzi rya ''Holby City'' (2005). Kuva 2002 kugeza 2003, yagize uruhare rugaruka muri serie ''Is Harry On the Boat?'' no muri 2005, yakinnye umushyitsi mugice cyiswe "Viva Liberty" murukurikirane ''rwurwenya Coming Up'' kuri seri ya 4<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenation.co.za/bio/anthony-oseyemi-biography/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=2021-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125071858/https://thenation.co.za/bio/anthony-oseyemi-biography/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma kubona arts impamyabumenyi ye Performing, akora inshingano iya mbere mu filimi nyinshi harimo: ''Jacobs musaraba,'' ''Room 9,'' ''Traffick'' na ''Isidingo.'' Yakinnye kandi muri seri,, ''Wild at heart'', ''The runaway'', ''Strike back'', and ''The Book of Negroes''. Muri 2012, yagaragaye mugice cya e.tv ya antologiya ya ''Mzansi Urukundo: Ekasi Style'' <ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/people-from-alexandra-gauteng</ref>. Muri 2017, yakinnye cyane muri 'Congo' muri filime ''<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Five Fingers for Marseilles" class="cx-link" data-linkid="76">Five Fingers for Marseilles</a>'' muri [[Afurika yepfo]] y’iburengerazuba bwa Marseilles iyobowe na Michael Matthews. Nyuma yaje kwerekanwa mu gice cya Discovery mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Toronto 2017 kandi ryishimiwe cyane. <ref>http://www.thewrap.com/toronto-film-festival-adds-international-films-angelina-jolie-javier-bardem/</ref> Hagati aho, yanakinnye muri comedi y'urukundo ''Hectors Search for Happiness'', hanyuma muri Amerika yerekana amashusho ''<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SEAL_Team_8:_Behind_Enemy_Lines" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines" class="cx-link" data-linkid="81">Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines</a> '.''<ref>https://moviefit.me/persons/247182-anthony-oseyemi</ref> Usibye gukina, yanditse kandi ibiganiro bya tereviziyo ya [[Afrika yepfo]] ''Tempy Pushas'' kuri SABC 1. Hanyuma yanditse urukurikirane rw'icyumba ''cya 9'' rumuha ibihembo bya Filime na Televiziyo bya Afurika y'Epfo muri 2014 ndetse anaba umunyamuryango wa mbere. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211125071858/https://reportrsa.com/anthony-oseyemi-biography/</ref> == Amashusho <ref>https://media.dream13.com/five-fingers-for-marseilles-2017/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre !Ref. |- |2002 |''Palindrome r.s.s.r.'' |Matthew |Short film | |- |2003 |''The Bill'' |Jimmy Gardener |TV Series | |- |2003 |''Is Harry on the Boat?'' |Jamie Williams |TV Series | |- |2004 |''Holly - Bolly'' |Obi |Short film | |- |2005 |''Holby City'' |Scott Hill |TV Series | |- |2005 |''Last Rights'' |Jameel |TV Mini-Series | |- |2005 |''Coming Up'' |Jeffery |TV Series | |- |2007 |''Mein Traum von Afrika'' |Sammeltaxifahrer |TV Movie | |- |2007 |''Flood'' |Coughian |Car Park Man | |- |2007 |''Mein Herz in Afrika'' |Goodman |TV Movie | |- |2008 |''Shooting Stars'' |Duke |TV Series | |- |2008 |''The Experimental Witch'' |Spencer |Film | |- |2009 |''The Philanthropist'' |Hotel manager |TV Series | |- |2009 |''Natalee Holloway'' |Island Officer |TV Movie | |- |2009 |''Long Street'' |Steve |Film | |- |2009 |''Attack on Darfur'' |AU Soldier |Film | |- |2009 |''Albert Schweitzer'' |Joseph |Film | |- |2010 |''Silent Witness'' |Immigration Official |TV Series | |- |2010 |''Sweetheart'' |Honest John |Short film | |- |2011 |''Wild at Heart'' |Lungile |TV Series | |- |2011 |''The Runaway'' |Alfie |Film | |- |2012 |''Strike Back'' |Waabri |TV Series | |- |2012 |''Copposites'' |Jonathan Dube |Film | |- |2012 |''Room 9'' |Solomon Onyegu |TV Series | |- |2014 |''T-Junction'' |T |Short film | |- |2014 |''SEAL Team 8: Behind Enemy Lines'' |Jay |Film | |- |2014 |''The Salvation'' |Jefferson |Film | |- |2014 |''Dominion'' |Deck Officer |TV Series | |- |2014 |''Hector and the Search for Happiness'' |Marcel |Film | |- |2015 |''The Book of Negroes'' |Dante |TV Mini-Series | |- |2015 |''Assignment'' |Kumi Moloi |Film | |- |2016 |''Our Girl'' |Captain Osman |TV Series | |- |2017 |''Five Fingers for Marseilles'' |Congo |Film | |- |2018 |''Le BadMilk'' |Orlando |TV Series | |- |2018 |''Troy: Fall of a City'' |Spartan Dignitary |TV Series | |- |2018 |''The Congo Murders'' |General Joseph Kazumba |Film | |- |2019 |''Shadow'' |Hugo Shaw |TV Series | |- |2019 |''The Red Sea Diving Resort'' |Road Block Soldier #1 |Film | |- |2019 |''Agent'' |Christopher Kilembe |TV Series | |- |2015 |''Bleeding Gospel'' |Kisuh |Short film | |- |TBD |''Like Moths to a Flame'' |Mister Bishop |Film | |- |2021 |''Gaia'' |Winston |Film | |- |2021 |''Resident Evil'' |Roth |TV Series |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Category:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Category:Abakinnyi ba firime]] l3nbj87ke1frpgti4y2pke1lyv1iz9d 0 9662 139299 118774 2026-09-23T07:43:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:AlexandriaOleTowne.jpg|thumb|yavukiye alexandria mumisiri]] '''Ahmed Fawzi Saleh''' (yavutse 1 Mutarama 1981), ni umukinnyi wa firime wo muri Egiputa. <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/523761.html</ref> Azwi cyane nk'umuyobozi wa film izwi cyane ''Poisonous Roses''. <ref>https://dailynewsegypt.com/2018/05/28/finding-humanity-in-egyptian-tanners-district-in-ahmed-fawzi-salehs-poisonous-roses/</ref> Usibye gukora firime, Saleh numuntu uharanira imibereho myiza. <ref name="egypttoday">https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/40881/World-premiere-of-Poisonous-Roses-to-take-place-at-IFFR</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 1 Mutarama 1981 i Alegizandiriya, mu Misiri. Yabonye impamyabumenyi mu mateka yakuye muri kaminuza ya Suez Canal hanyuma abona impamyabumenyi yo gufata amashusho mu Ishuri Rikuru rya Sinema rya Cairo mu 2009. <ref name="IFFR">{{Cite web |url=https://iffr.com/en/persons/ahmed-fawzi-saleh |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2019-02-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190212130827/https://iffr.com/en/persons/ahmed-fawzi-saleh |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>http://www.festivalmarrakech.info/en/personnalite/ahmed-fawzi-saleh/</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2008, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa Rashid Masharawi. <ref>https://www.dohafilminstitute.com/financing/projects/grants/poisonous-roses</ref> Ku buyobozi bwa Masharawi mu 2010, Saleh yakoze ''filime ye ya mbere ngufi ya Living Skin'' yerekanwe bwa mbere muri 2011. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori mpuzamahanga bya firime. Hamwe nitsinzi yumukobwa mugufi, yahise akora poisonus rose muri 2018. Iyi filime yagaragaye bwa mbere ku Isi mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya 47 Rotterdam mu gice cya Bright Future. <ref name="IFFR"/> <ref name="egypttoday"/> Iyi filime yaje guhitamo nkumunyamisiri winjira muri Filime nziza ya International Feature muri 92 Awards Awards, ariko ntiyatowe. <ref name="Egypt">{{Cite web |url=https://www.tellerreport.com/life/2019-09-06---egypt-nominates-%22poisoned-rose%22-for-the-academy-award-.HJZ7iZtyLr.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2019-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190906081424/https://www.tellerreport.com/life/2019-09-06---egypt-nominates-%22poisoned-rose%22-for-the-academy-award-.HJZ7iZtyLr.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/egypt-selects-poisonous-roses-international-film-at-oscars-2020-1237356</ref> Yatanze kandi nk'umukorerabushake mu bikorwa byinshi by’imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Misiri. <ref name="IFFR"/> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2010 |''Living Skin'' |Director, screenplay, co-producer |Documentary |- |2018 |''[[:en:Poisonous_Roses|Poisonous Roses]]'' |Director, scriptwriter, co-producer |Film |- |2020 |''The Thief'' |Writer |TV Series |} == references ==   [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] mpqqfnqj1c5u62vpu62g0768kpc7ofr 0 9715 139442 134474 2026-09-23T09:45:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139442 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ainea Ojiambo''' (yavutse 20 Mata 1970), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]]. <ref>https://elcinema.com/en/person/2066570/</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'', ''[[Bullion (film)|Bullion]]'' na ''Jack Zollo: My life in crime''. <ref>https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/51217-love-gold-led-kenyan-actor-scammers-video</ref> <ref>http://www.filmstarts.de/personen/516924.html</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 20 Mata 1970 i [[Nairobi]], muri [[Kenya]]. Ni se w'abana babiri, umuhungu n'umukobwa. == Umwuga == Mbere yo kwinjira muri ecran ikunzwe, yakoraga mumikino myinshi kandi nuburyo umwuga we wo gukina watangiye. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://coursediscovery.com/biography-of-ainea-ojiambo-net-worth-2021biography-of-ainea-ojiambo-net-worth-2021/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2021-11-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211110133124/https://coursediscovery.com/biography-of-ainea-ojiambo-net-worth-2021biography-of-ainea-ojiambo-net-worth-2021/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2004, yatumiriwe gukina muri firime ya Hollywood ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' iyobowe na Fernando Meirelles. <ref name="sqoop">https://www.sqoop.co.ug/201404/features/one-on-one-with-kenyan-bullion-actor-ainea-ojiambo.html</ref> Muri filime, yakinnye uruhare ruto rwa 'Umushoferi wa Polisi'. Filime yagenze neza kandi yinjiza amafaranga menshi kandi yegukana ibihembo bine bya Oscar. Hanyuma mu 2007, yakinnye muri tereviziyo ya [[Kenya]] ''Makutano Junction'' afite uruhare mu 'nzoka'. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/snake.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126195943/http://www.makutanojunction.org.uk/the-soap/the-characters/snake.html?phpMyAdmin=1fsBD3w5EHXJC4U4sqKUm1Rz7kc |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda k'uruhererekane, nyuma yaje gutumirwa gukina izindi televiziyo ebyiri: ''Block-D'' na ''Noose ya Zahabu''. Muri opera yisabune ''Noose ya Zahabu'', Ojiambo yakinnye nka 'Ole Mpisha'. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wapend.com/video/Ole_Mpisha_and_breakfast_Noose_of_Gold/zrV_10ncp6k |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2015-12-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222152335/http://wapend.com/video/Ole_Mpisha_and_breakfast_Noose_of_Gold/zrV_10ncp6k |url-status=dead }}</ref> Isabune yaje gutangazwa ibihe 3 muri [[Afurika|Afrika]] muri Afrika Magic Channel. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yakoze filime ye ya kabiri ya Hollywood ''[[The First Grader]]'', filime yerekana ikinamico yayobowe na Justin Chadwick. Muri filime, yagize uruhare runini nka 'Ushinzwe uburezi'. <ref name="sqoop" /> Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, yagaragaye muri firime muri firime, ''The Rugged Padiri'', ''[[Fundi-Mentals]]'', ''[[Nairobi Half Life]]'', ''Gukurikira Yesu'', ''Babuz Babies'', ''Kibera Kid'', ''Amaboko'' ''afunze'', ''Stigma'', Obohoz, ''Padiri Rugged'', ''Guerilla Boy'', na ''LoveDoctor''. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kenya.spla.pro/en/file.person.ainea-ojiambo.43134.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126195953/http://kenya.spla.pro/en/file.person.ainea-ojiambo.43134.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2014, yagaragaye muri filime y’ikinamico yo [[Ubugande|muri Uganda]] ''[[Bullion (film)|Bullion]] yatowe'' <ref>https://whownskenya.com/index.php/2021/04/30/ainea-ojiambo-biography-age-career-con-story-and-shooting/,%20https://whownskenya.com/index.php/2021/04/30/ainea-ojiambo-biography-age-career-con-story-and-shooting/</ref> ''muri Oscars'' afite uruhare runini. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211113105709/https://www.ugandanewsreleases.com/%EF%BB%BFbullion-premieres-saturday/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2007 | ''Ihuriro rya Makutano'' | Inzoka | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2007 | ''Toto Umuherwe'' | Supa | Filime |- | 2009 | ''Guhagarika-D'' | Chinedum | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2010 | ''Urunigi rwa zahabu'' | Ole Mpisha | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2011 | ''Umutambyi'' | Ole Shompole | Filime |- | 2013 | ''Sumu la Penzi'' | Intsinzi | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 | Inkoni 40 | Umufasha wa Politiki | Thriller |- | TBD | ''Kahawa Umukara'' | Steven Wamba | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 6vvm402cmgcm4ou8u56ws60hyhxru5p 0 9718 139103 116233 2026-09-23T02:32:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139103 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kenya in its region (de-facto).svg|thumb|igihugu christopher yakuriyemo cya kenya]] '''Christopher Odhiambo Okinda''' (yavutse 15 Ukuboza 1980), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Kenya]]. <ref>https://www.filmportal.de/en/person/christopher-okinda_ea383d3344434d52ba0569cd039ce5d7</ref> <ref>https://www.wunschliste.de/person/christopher-okinda</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' na ''The White Massai''. <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bd291f5a</ref> Usibye gukina, ni n'umuyobozi wa firime, producer, umwanditsi hamwe n'umunyamakuru wa Radio. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://rankly.com/item/christopher-odhiambo-okinda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-26 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126201911/https://rankly.com/item/christopher-odhiambo-okinda |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1980 i Mombasa, muri Kenya kuri Elizabeth Apiyo Aruwa na Alois Okinda. Se yari afite abagore benshi, bityo yarezwe na nyina babanaga. Yabanje kwiga mu ishuri ribanza rya Aga Khan (Parklands, Kenya) hanyuma Bikira Mariya w'Ishuri ribanza ryimbabazi. Nyuma, yimukiye muri St Peter's Mumias Boys primaire mu 1994 arangije ishuri rya St Mary (muri Yala) mu 1996. <ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yatangiye gukina filime muri firime ishimishije ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'' iyobowe na Fernando Meirelles. Okinda yagize uruhare ruto rwo gushyigikira nka 'Muganga' muri film. <ref>https://catalog.afi.com/Film/63355-THE-CONSTANTGARDENER?sid=2a2f0467-a130-4b8c-a9a1-28425bf6e886&sr=9.742409&cp=1&pos=0</ref> Iyi filime yakiriwe neza kandi yerekanwa mu birori byinshi bya firime. <ref>http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/constant_gardener</ref> Hamwe nitsinzi yumukobwa we wambere yakinnye, yahise atoranywa muri ''White Massai'' 2005. Hagati aho, yashinze firime yikinamico 'Something Productions'. Binyuze muri sosiyete, yakinnye amakinamico mu rurimi kavukire rwa nyina Dholuo. Usibye gukina, kuri ubu akora nka radio yerekana igitondo akaba numuyobozi uhanga 'Hot 96 FM' muri Kenya. <ref name=":0" /> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2005 |the constant Gardener | Muganga | Filime |- | 2005 | ''Massai Yera'' | Amakuru Yumuyobozi | Filime |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ifttabbp0ot6qgcwsxcz2riabp4wkzt 0 9747 139421 116255 2026-09-23T09:42:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139421 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34.jpg|thumb|igihugu yavikiyemo yanakuriyemo afurika yepfo]] '''Quinne Brown''' (yavutse ku ya 9 Kamena 1979) ni umukinnyi wa firime m [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]]. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''Ouma se Slim Kind'', ''Sedona's Rule'' and ''This Is Charlotte King''. . <ref>http://www.artistconnection.co.za/artists/183/cv.pdf</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Brown yavukiye i Johannesburg, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Amaze kwiga, yize geografiya na antropologiya muri kaminuza ya Johannesburg. Yagiye i San Francisco mu 2003 gushyingura se, aho yahuriye n'umugabo we Ryan Huffman. <ref>https://www.magzter.com/article/Lifestyle/woman-home-South-Africa/Having-Children-Taught-Me-Who-I-Am</ref> Yashakanye na 2006 kandi bombi babaga i San Francisco. Nyuma abo bashakanye bimukiye i San Diego, aho babyaranye abakobwa babo bombi, Charlotte na Lara. <ref>https://www.all4women.co.za/1813181/health-and-wellness/womens-health/7de-laan-actress-doula-women-need-to-choose-their-own-birthing-experience</ref> Mu masomo ye, Brown yabonye amahirwe yo kwinjira mu bakinnyi bikinamico ya ''7de Laan''. <ref>https://omny.fm/shows/the-john-maytham-show/an-hour-with-quinne-browneon-just-the-hits</ref> Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye ari ''Connie van der Lecq''. <ref>https://www.news24.com/you/Celebs/7de-laan-actress-opens-up-about-her-characters-dark-side-20190111</ref> Usibye gukina, anakora nkuwatanze ikiganiro kuri SABC2. Mu 2003, Brown yafashe ikiruhuko cy'isabato nyuma y'urupfu rwa se muri Mata 2003. <ref>https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/Bekendes/7de-laan-se-quinne-brown-kuier-in-amerika-vir-kersfees-20191217</ref> Yakoze kandi mu ikinamico, filime no kwamamaza bishingiye kuri San Francisco. <ref>https://www.backstage.com/u/QuinneBrown/</ref> Muri 2008, yatangiye kwigisha abana mwishuri ryimikino ryabana. <ref>https://www.netwerk24.com/huisgenoot/Bekendes/splinternuwe-avontuur-vir-quinne-brown-en-manlief-ryan-20180426</ref> Nyuma yimyaka icumi muri [[Amerika]], yasubiye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] hamwe numuryango. Mu mwaka wa 2016, yongeye gukina mu bakinnyi ba '7de Laan', anagaragaza imico ye 'Connie'. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sabc2.co.za/sabc/home/sabc2/news/details?id=d4b593a6-7ba8-4241-a0c9-9c05cd893ea2&title=Quinne+Brown+Huffman+rejoins+the+cast+of+7de+laan |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-04-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422095452/http://www.sabc2.co.za/sabc/home/sabc2/news/details?id=d4b593a6-7ba8-4241-a0c9-9c05cd893ea2&title=Quinne+Brown+Huffman+rejoins+the+cast+of+7de+laan |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2001-03 / 2016-ubungubu |''7de Laan'' | Connie van der Lecq | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2007 |''Ouma se Slim Kind'' | Klaradyn | Filime |- | 2007 |''Just Under a Million'' | Rasheli | Filime ngufi |- | 2007 |''A Clean, Well-Lighted Place'' | Umugore ukiri muto | Filime ngufi |- | 2008 |''The Shadow of Evil'' | Doris | Filime ngufi |- | 2010 |''This Is Charlotte King'' | Charlotte King | Filime ngufi |- | 2010 |''Sedona's Rule'' | Irene | Filime |- | 2010 |''Nominated'' | Ijisho kuri Hollywood | Filime |- | 2011 |''Homeward Bound'' | Nicole | Filime ngufi |- | 2013 |''Lifeless'' | Janice | Filime |} == References == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] r28vh33dfn3jkxf395vjaeeimrkd61n 0 9751 139300 134494 2026-09-23T07:43:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34 (cropped).jpg|thumb|igihugu abamo akaba arinaho akorera yanakuriye]] '''Meshack Mavuso Magabane''' (yavutse ku ya 8 Mata 1977), ni umukinnyi wa filime akaba n'umuyobozi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri seri izwi cyane ''Heist'', ''Isidingo'', ''Yizo Yizo'', Isithembiso na Durban gen. <ref name="savannanews">{{Cite web |url=https://savannanews.com/meshack-mavuso-biography-age-wife-children-debt-tv-roles-net-worth-durban-gen/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122172843/https://savannanews.com/meshack-mavuso-biography-age-wife-children-debt-tv-roles-net-worth-durban-gen/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 8 Mata 1977 i Mandagsoek Limpopo, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref>https://www2.bfi.org.uk/films-tv-people/4ce2bca4226af</ref> Arubatse, ni se w'abana bane. == Umwuga == Mu 1998 yakoze umwanya wa mbere 'Vusi Moletsane' mu ikinamico ''Isidingo'' yamenyekanye cyane. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-03-26-meshack-mavuso-on-being-broke-id-go-to-the-bathroom--cry/</ref> Hanyuma, yagaragaye mu ikinamico ''Yizo Yizo'' yerekanwe kuva 1999 kugeza 2004 afite uruhare 'Jabulani "Javas" Nyembe'. <ref>https://www.power987.co.za/featured/listen-yizo-yizo-made-meshack-mavusos-acting-career/</ref> Yamenyekanye kandi ubwo yinjiraga muri Mzansi Magic telenovela Isithembiso yerekanwe bwa mbere ku ya 3 Mata 2017, aho yakinnye imico ya Keromemang Mtimande, se wa Tshepo, wabitswe na se na nyina kugeza igihe yavumbuwe mu buryo butangaje. gira umwana numukunzi we Chlodea ubu bakundana numwanzi we. Yatangiye umwuga we nka Meshack Mavuso akina 'Simiso Mtshali' mu gice cya kabiri n'icya gatatu cy'urukurikirane rw'abapolisi ''Zero Tolerance'' yerekanwe muri SABC2. Mbere yizo nshingano zashimwe cyane, yakinnye imico itandukanye mu gice cya mbere. Mu mwaka wa 2008, yari umwe mu babyinnyi b'ibyamamare mu Kubyina umwaka mushya, ku ya 31 Ukuboza 2008. Muri 2009, yagaragaye ashyigikiwe nigihembwe cyambere cyuruhererekane rwerekana ibisekuruza ''Who Do You Think You Are?'' cyari gishingiye ku ruhererekane rw'Abongereza. Urukurikirane rwaciye kuri SABC2 muri 2009. Muri 2014, yagarutse kuri tereviziyo akina visits mu bice bibiri by'ikinamico ya Sida ''City'' yakinnye nka 'dogiteri'. Muri 2015, ku nshuro ya mbere, yakoresheje izina Mavuso Magabane mri seri ''Zabalaza''. Muri seri, yakinnye Visits mugice kimwe. Muri 2016 yakoze umwanya wa kabiri ayoboye muri e.tv ikinamico ''Heist'' hamwe ninshingano ya 'Chairman'. Muri 2020 nyuma yigihe gito muri serial ''The River'', yinjiye mu bakinnyi ba serial ''Durban Gen'' aho akina imico ya Dr Thabo Dlamini ugaragara nkumugore kandi akaba yarashakanye na Dr Precious Dlamini. <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/meshack-mavuso-on-starring-in-durban-gen-and-lessons-hes-learnt-in-his-career-20200930</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 1998 |''Isidingo'' | Vusi Moletsane | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 1999 |''Yizo Yizo'' | Javas | Filime |- | 1999 |''Portrait of a Young Man Drowning'' | Umuntu wafashwe | Filime ngufi |- | 2000 |''Hijack Stories'' | Umugabo | Filime |- | 2009 |''Who Do You Think You Are?'' | Uruhare rwa Cameo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2014 |''Soul City'' | Muganga | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 |''Zabalaza'' | Uruhare rwa Cameo | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2016 |''Heist'' | Perezida | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 - ''ubungubu'' |Durban Gen | Dr. Thabo Dlamini | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] otlw08y37b5c1aufzc792fdg7avkter 0 9771 139204 133828 2026-09-23T07:12:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139204 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Marwa Zein ni''' umunya [[Sudani]] ukora ibintu byinshi harimo umuyobozi wa firime, umwanditsi wumwanditsi hamwe nuwatunganya film. Niwe mwanditsi wa documentaire ya 2019, ''Khartoum Offside'', akaba n'umwunganira uburenganzira bw'umugore binyuze mu mirimo ye. <ref>https://www.filmlinc.org/daily/new-york-african-film-festival-goes-virtual-with-streaming-rivers-the-past-into-the-present/</ref> <ref>https://actfilmfest.colostate.edu/films/khartoum-offside/</ref> Niwe washinze ORE Production, isosiyete ikora firime ya Khartoum ishingiye kuri Khartoum akaba n'umwe mu bakinnyi ba firime barindwi batoranijwe baturutse hirya no hino ku isi kugira ngo yitabe iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2019 n'ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Emerging Film Talent Association (IEFTA). <ref name="Can">https://www.iefta.org/seven-filmmakers-to-attend-cannes-2019/</ref> == Umwuga == Ku mushinga we wo gutanga impamyabumenyi, Zein yanditse, ayobora kandi akora filime ngufi ya documentaire, ''A Game'', mu 2009, ihindurwa mu ndimi eshanu kandi itangwa nk'umuntu watoranijwe ku mugaragaro mu minsi mikuru mpuzamahanga 30. mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Dubai 2016 (DIFF), film ye ngufi, a week'', two days'', yakinnye na Yasmin Raies na Amro Saleh, <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cinando.com/en/Film/one_week_two_days_341027/Detail |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126094249/https://cinando.com/en/Film/one_week_two_days_341027/Detail |url-status=dead }}</ref> yerekanwe bwa mbere. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/245240/Arts--Culture/Film/-Egyptian-film-One-Week-Two-Days-to-compete-in-th-.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126094243/https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/245240/Arts--Culture/Film/-Egyptian-film-One-Week-Two-Days-to-compete-in-th-.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yagaragaye no mu bindi birori bitandukanye bya firime. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://womenandhollywood.com/hot-docs-2019-women-directors-meet-marwa-zein-khartoum-offside/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-08-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819122943/https://womenandhollywood.com/hot-docs-2019-women-directors-meet-marwa-zein-khartoum-offside/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu gutunganya iyi filime, yamaganye imyifatire mibi ya guverinoma ya Sudani ku ruhare rw’abagore mu gukina filime. <ref>https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/NEW-YORK-AFRICAN-AMERICAN-FILM-FESTIVAL-Goes-Virtual-Dec-2-20201119</ref> Nubwo atigeze ahura n’umubiri ku buryo butaziguye mu gihe cyo gukora iyi filime, yakiriye iterabwoba rya kamera cyangwa ibikoresho bishoboka ko byangirika. <ref name="Q">https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20200218-the-worlds-most-fearless-filmmakers</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128111906/https://debalie.nl/cinema/idfa-khartoum-offside-by-movies-that-matter/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127212051/https://44.mostra.org/en/filmes/impedimento-em-cartum |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amaherezo ariko, yabonye uruhushya rukenewe rwo gufata iyi firime. Nyuma y’impinduka za politiki zazanywe n’impinduramatwara ya [[Sudani]] yo muri 2018/19, iyi filime yerekanwe ubwo hafungurwaga iserukiramuco rya sinema ryigenga rya Sudani i Khartoum muri Mutarama 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211126094241/https://sudanow-magazine.net/page.php?Id=903 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" |Umwaka ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Filime ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Uruhare ! style="background:#B0C4DE;" | Inyandiko |- | 2019 | ''Khartoum Offside'' | Umuyobozi, Producer, Umwanditsi | Inyandiko ya siporo |- | 2016 | ''a week,two days'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi | Filime ngufi, Ikinamico |- | 2015 | ''Umukunzi ashobora kuba iki?'' | Umuyobozi, Producer | Inyandiko, Filime ngufi |- | 2013 | culture to everyone | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko, Filime ngufi |- | 2009 | ''a game'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi, bafatanya gukora | Filime ngufi, Ikinamico |- | 2008 | ''Randa Shaath'' | Umuyobozi, Umwanditsi, Producer | Inyandiko, Filime ngufi |} == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | 2020 | ASA | ''2020 Igihembo cya Filime ASA'' | rowspan="4" | Wenyine, kuri Khartoum Offside |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | AMAA | rowspan="3" | ''Inyandiko nziza'' |- | CFF |- | Berlinale |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] kkgwf0s2ngyz6xc3j1v6hziwb9xem23 0 9773 139326 130112 2026-09-23T07:46:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139326 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nigeria - Location Map (2013) - NGA - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|igihugu yavukiyemo]] '''Toka McBaror''' ni producer wa filimi n'indirimbo muri Nigeria, , <ref>https://m.guardian.ng/tag/blossom-chukwujekwu/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lotanna-somkhele-iyamah-adesua-etomi-adunni-ade-attend-old-school-themed-premiere-id6503121.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2018-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180716194757/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lotanna-somkhele-iyamah-adesua-etomi-adunni-ade-attend-old-school-themed-premiere-id6503121.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ndetse ajya akora nk'Umuyobozi wa filimi na music video <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://tooxclusive.com/teni-power-rangers-prod-by-jaysynths-new-song/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128191534/https://tooxclusive.com/teni-power-rangers-prod-by-jaysynths-new-song/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://acceleratetv.com/under-the-sky-with-praise/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128191532/https://acceleratetv.com/under-the-sky-with-praise/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yavutse, yazuye na ishingiye mu Kaduna, Kaduna Leta, [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] ariko ukomoka Delta State. Afatwa na benshi nka jack na shobuja wamayeri yose yo gukora firime nubucuruzi. Ibihembo byinshi byatsindiye, byabyaye umusaruro kandi bigamije ubuhanga bwo guhanga udushya, umutoza wo gukina amafilime akaba n'umujyanama mu bijyanye no gutunganya amafilime, McBaror avugwa cyane nka Encyclopedia of Filmmaking hamwe n'ibihembo byinshi kuri kitty ye, harimo no gutanga ibihembo kuri " Kada River " muri 2018 ''Toronto International Nollywood Film Festival'' mu canada, <ref>https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/nollywood-travel-film-festival-movies/</ref> 6 igihembo imikino kuko filime, Lotanna harimo: ''"Best Film",'' ''"Best Director",'' ''"Best Cinematography",'' ''"Best Art Director",'' ''"Best Costume"'' no " ''Umwanditsi mwiza w'ijwi'' " muri ibihembo bya zahabu ya 2017 . <ref>https://www.sagagist.com.ng/2017/07/nollywood-director-toka-mcbaror-bags.html?m=1</ref> Agomba kandi ibihembo bye, "Filime Nziza Nyafurika" na "Umuyobozi mwiza wa Nollywood" kuva mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime mpuzamahanga rya Nollywood 2018, TINFF, ryabereye i Toronto, muri Kanada. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thenationalreporterng.com/nigerian-movie-the-island-wins-best-african-film-award-at-2018-tinff/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008141807/https://thenationalreporterng.com/nigerian-movie-the-island-wins-best-african-film-award-at-2018-tinff/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> muri firime, Ikirwa, yongera gutorwa mu byiciro bya " ''Cinematografi Nziza'' " na " ''Umuyobozi mwiza'' " mu bihembo bya ZAFAA Global Awards, kubera filime ye ya Lotanna 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ghafla.com/gh/ghana-earns-14-nominations-2018-film-awards-london/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2023-06-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230614015712/http://www.ghafla.com/gh/ghana-earns-14-nominations-2018-film-awards-london/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2011, Mcbaror yayoboye umuririmbyi wo muri Nijeriya, amashusho y'indirimbo ya J'odie, " ''Kuchi Kuchi'' (Oh Baby)". <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2011/02/new-video-jodie-kuchi-kuchi-oh-baby/</ref> Ku wa gatanu, tariki ya 10 Gashyantare 2017, yayoboye filime "Umugore wa Blogger", yasohotse muri sinema zo muri Nijeriya. Iyi filime yakozwe na Seun Oloketuyi, igaragaramo abakinnyi ba Nollywood ndetse nabakinnyi nka Segun Arinze, Adejumoke Aderounmu, Deyemi Okanlawon, Ijeoma Grace Agu na Adeniyi Johnson. Muri 2017, filime "Kada River " yakozwe na we yatorewe igihembo mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Nollywood ryabereye i Toronto, muri Kanada. Mu bihembo bya Golden Movie 2017, yatowe mu byiciro bitandatu, birimo: " ''Filime Nziza'' ", " ''Umuyobozi mwiza'' ", " ''Sinema nziza'' ", " ''Umuyobozi w’ubuhanzi bwiza'' ", ''"Imyambarire myiza'' ", " ''Umwanditsi mwiza w’amajwi'' ". Muri Kanama 2018, filime yayoboye yise " Ikirwa " yahawe "Filime Nziza Nyafurika" na we ubwe, "Umuyobozi wa Nollywood Nziza" mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime mpuzamahanga rya Nollywood, TINFF, ryabereye i Toronto, muri Kanada. Muri Nzeri muri uwo mwaka, yayoboye filime, " Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons " ya Ayo Makun, umunyarwenya uzwi cyane wo muri Nijeriya. Yongeye gutorwa mu byiciro bya " ''Cinematografi Nziza'' " na " ''Umuyobozi mwiza'' " muri ZAFAA Global Awards, kubera filime ye, Lotanna 2017. Muri 2019, yasohoye igikorwa cyicyaha cya TV cyitwa, ''Paper Boat''. Mu ntangiriro za 2020, yayoboye filime ya mbere y’umwaka yitwa Lilian Afegbai ''yise "Imirongo ibiri'' ". <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2020/02/lily-afe-double-strings-trailer/</ref> Nyuma ku ya 22 Gashyantare mu kiganiro n’abanyamakuru i [[Abuja]], yatangaje ko hagiye gukorerwa filime nshya ye yise ''Red Caravan'', azayobora kandi afatanyirize hamwe, hamwe n’ikiguzi cya N61&nbsp;miliyoni, kandi agomba kurasirwa muri Leta ya Kaduna. Filime yibanze ku gicuri kandi yashyizweho mu myaka ya 1880, mugihe ubucuruzi bwabacakara bwateye imbere kandi bugomba gukinishwa nabakinnyi nabakinnyi bagera kuri 600. Mu gihe cya Covid-19, McBaror yasohoye urubuga rwa firime ngufi zitwa, ''The Chronicles'', zigamije gukwirakwiza abaturage ku ndwara ya Coronavirus. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211128194538/https://nollywoodinsider.com/toka-mcbaror-the-chronicle-short-film/</ref> By 2021, we mbere kugerageza ku n'ikinya movie umusaruro, filimi yise ''uhindishwa ubuzima Hano'' yari trailer yayo mugaragaro kurekurwa mu Mutarama <ref>https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/01/23/mcbarors-creepy-lives-here-is-fearful/</ref> <ref>https://naija.yafri.ca/toka-mcbaror-taps-into-claustrophobic-dread-in-trailer-for-horror-film-creepy-lives-here/</ref> Star Afeez Oyetoro, Nancy Isime, Bimbo Ademoye ex Big Brother Naija (season 3) housemate Temidayo Adenibuyan bita Teddy A, Beverly Osu, na Mike Godson. Muri Gashyantare twabonye bwa mbere kuri Filime ya ''Underbelly'' <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/02/toka-mcbaror-underbelly-teaser/</ref> ikinamo ibikorwa bya Nollywood nka Stan Nze, Femi Adebayo, Ali Nuhu, Maryam Booth na Kunle Coker. == Amashusho == === Umuziki === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Umuhanzi ! Uruhare |- | 2011 | ''Kuchi Kuchi'' (Oh Baby) | J'odie | umuyobozi |- | 2019 | ''Abashinzwe imbaraga'' | Teni_ (umuririmbyi) | umuyobozi |- | 2020 | ''Munsi y'Ijuru'' | Dushimire | umuyobozi |} === Filime === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka !Title ! Uruhare |- | rowspan="2" | 2021 |''Underbelly'' | umuyobozi |- |''Creepy Lives Here'' | umuyobozi |- | rowspan="1" | 2020 |''Double Strings'' | umuyobozi |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 |''Paper Boat'' | umuyobozi |- |''The Millions'' | umuyobozi |- |''[[:en:Made_in_Heaven_(2019_film)|Made in Heaven]]'' | umuyobozi |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 |''Merry Men: The Real Yoruba Demons'' | umuyobozi |- |''The Island'' | umuyobozi |- |''[[:en:Kada_River|Kada River]]'' | umuyobozi •<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> bafatanije |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 |''Lotanna'' | umuyobozi |- |''Blogger's Wife'' | umuyobozi |- | 2015 |''Ikogosi'' | umuyobozi •<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> uwatanze umusaruro |- | 2014 |''Cubweb Tomorrow'' | umuyobozi |} === Urubuga / Urubuga rwa TV === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="width:100%; margin:auto; background:#fff;" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare |- | rowspan="1" | 2020 |''The Chronicles'' | umuyobozi |} == Ibihembo & nomination == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ibirori ! Igihembo ! Uwakiriye |- | rowspan="3" | 2018 | rowspan="2" | ZAFAA | Sinema nziza | rowspan="3" | We ubwe |- | Umuyobozi mwiza |- | TINFF | Umuyobozi mwiza wa Nollywood |- | rowspan="6" | 2017 | rowspan="6" | GMA | Filime nziza | ''Lotanna'' |- | Umuyobozi mwiza | rowspan="3" | We ubwe (kuri ''Lotanna'' ) |- | Amashusho meza ya Sinema |- | Umuyobozi wubuhanzi bwiza |- | Imyambarire myiza | ''Lotanna'' |- | Umwanditsi mwiza wijwi | We ubwe |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] ifdfezl4ambymmn82rcwps2m2howere 0 9800 139351 130270 2026-09-23T07:50:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139351 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Lost in Time''''' ni film yo muri [[Kenya]] 2019 yanditswe na Edijoe Mwaniki. Ni mu mutwe thriller ryibanda ku kibazo mutwe. <ref>https://paukwa.or.ke/lost-in-time/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://howto.co.ke/lost-in-time-a-new-kenyan-film-you-must-watch-today/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414052447/https://howto.co.ke/lost-in-time-a-new-kenyan-film-you-must-watch-today/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://pro.imdb.com/title/tt12952936/</ref> Kugeza ubu, film imaze gutwara ibihembo bitanu bya Kalasha awards. Ibyiciro byo gutanga ibihembo birimo "Filime nziza cyane", "umuyobozi mwiza" (Peter Kawa), "umukinnyi mwiza muri film" (George Mo), "amashusho meza" (Edijoe Mwaniki) na "amajwi meza" (Karanja Kiarie) . <ref>https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/arts-culture/article/2001354571/award-winning-film-wraps-up-2019-with-more-screenings</ref> <ref>https://www.kenyanvibe.com/kalasha-awards-2019-full-list-of-winners/</ref> == Icegeranyo == Nyuma y'urupfu rwa nyina wa Sam, yagumye mu mutwe, kuko uwo munsi uba umunsi umwe yabuze umukobwa we. Ibi bimugiraho ingaruka mubitekerezo, kandi agerageza kurwanya ubwoba bwe. Yatangiye kuba mu nshuti ye ya Michael, ariko bidatinze abona ibintu bidasanzwe bibera mu nzu. Agerageza guhishura amabanga yerekeye inzu numugore udasanzwe winshuti ye, mugihe arwanya ubwoba bwe, bwaba ubwubu nubu. <ref>https://www.kenyabuzz.com/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/here-is-a-sneak-preview-of-the-new-kenyan-movie-lost-in-time |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2020-10-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017052102/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/chillax/here-is-a-sneak-preview-of-the-new-kenyan-movie-lost-in-time |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * George Mo nka Sam Weto * Lucy Njoroge nka Dr. Lilian Kareithi * Alan Oyugi nka Michael Kareithi * Sheila Murugi nka Judy Weto * Natasha Sakawa nka Sifa Weto == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Kenya]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Kenya]] 4qhwrbc8acnuqf7hsltlynas91mu2z0 0 9802 139379 116107 2026-09-23T09:10:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Theodros Teshome in 2018.png|thumb|theodore teshome]] '''''Triangle: Going to America''''' ni filime yo muri [[Etiyopiya]] 2014 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Theodros Teshome. Yatowe mu byiciro bitatu bitandukanye muri Afurika ya Movie Academy Awards 2015; Filime nziza mundimi nyafurika, Umuyobozi mwiza na Filime nziza. <ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/08/see-full-list-of-2015-african-movie-academy-awards-amaa-nominees-oc-ukeje-hilda-dokubo-ini-edo-more/</ref> [[Dosiye:Golden Triangle VOA.jpg|thumb|golden triangle voa]] Yatsindiye "Igihembo cy'Abashinze Iserukiramuco- Narrative" mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime nyafurika muri 2015 ndetse inegukana "Igihembo cy'abaterankunga" muIserukiramuco rya Sinema rya filimi mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2015. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/191233</ref> == Icegeranyo == [[Dosiye:Armco Bulletin, December 1928 - DPLA - f9ef7e3f44d7aa1765ce755924432e6e (page 31).jpg|thumb|armaco bulletin]] Filime yazengurutse imigabane itatu kandi ivuga ku kibazo cyo kwimukira muri Amerika mu buryo butemewe. Kaleab na Jemal bafite ubushake bwo gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango bagere muri Amerika ubuzima bwiza. Mu rugendo rutoroshye, bahura na Winta nziza (Mahder Assefa), mugenzi wabo wimukira uturutse muri Eritereya. Kaleab na Winta bakundana mugihe bava muri Afrika yuburasirazuba banyuze muri Libiya, Ubutaliyani, Mexico ndetse amaherezo bakerekeza muri Amerika. <ref>https://www.meetup.com/fr-FR/DMV-Black-Film-Media-Club/events/220894302/</ref> == Abakinnyi == ** Kristos Andrews as Switch ** Mahder Assefa as Winta ** Abebe Balcha as Dr. Abdurahim ** Isabella Rain Barbieri as Little Margarita ** Solomon Bogale as Kaleab ** Steve Crest as Police Officer Crest ** Jane Drewett as Nurse (Jane Monroe) ** Joel Layogan as Dr. Sanchez ** Abraham Luna as Mexican Blood Guy #2 ** [[Dosiye:Tropical Storm Sean (hd video) (6331890461).jpg|thumb|tropical storm sean]]Jessica Mathews (I) as Mrs. Abdurahim == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] etn3sq8mh5egj58x68ka4xqxo730vm4 0 9821 139301 80965 2026-09-23T07:43:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139301 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lauren Selmon Roberts''' ni umukinnyi wa firime ndetse akaba na producer ukomoka muri [[amerika]]. Ni umuyobozi wa ''Rainbow Town'', documentaire yibanze ku mfubyi muri [[Liberiya|Liberiya yatewe]] n'intambara. <ref>https://www.fernsehserien.de/lauren-selmon-roberts/filmografie</ref> <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/lauren-selmon-roberts</ref> == Umwuga == Ni umukobwa wa Kathryn na Dewey Selmon wa Norman, Oklahoma. Yarangije impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itangazamakuru ryamamaza muri kaminuza ya Leta ya California, Fresno muri Gicurasi 2005. Nyuma yaho, yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi bwiza yakuye muri College of Mass Communication and Media Arts of Southern Illinois University Carbondale. <ref>https://news.siu.edu/2010/02/020210par10017.php</ref> Igihe yari afite imyaka 14, yatangiye gukoresha kamera ya videwo. Roberts yakoze amashusho ye ya mbere, yinjira mubucuruzi bwa WNBA afite imyaka 15. Muri kiriya gihe, yatangiye gukina imirimo myinshi mwishuri nko gutanga raporo, kubyara, kurasa no gutunganya. Amaze kurangiza amashuri, yakoraga kumiyoboro yamakuru. <ref name="fatales">http://www.filmfatales.org/directors/laurenselmonroberts</ref> Hagati aho, yagiye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba gushaka documentaire. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri akorana nimpfubyi zintambara & abahoze ari abasirikari babana muri Liberiya, yahisemo gukora documentaire ye yambere yuzuye, ''Umujyi wa Rainbow Town'' muri 2010. Yabaye kandi umukinnyi wa sinema akaba n'umwanditsi wa documentaire. Iyi filime irazenguruka inkuru yukuri yumugore warokoye ubuzima bwimfubyi zintambara zirenga 250 mugihe cyintambara yabenegihugu. Nyuma yo gushimwa cyane, iyi filime yanahawe igihembo n’umuyobozi wa Guild of America. Nyuma yaje kwerekanwa muri New York Fashion Week, mu nzu ndangamurage ya Tolerance International Festival Festival ndetse nandi maserukiramuco ya firime mpuzamahanga. <ref name="fatales" /> Nyuma yo gutsinda kwa filime, yinjiye nka producer muri NBCUniversal uruganda rukora uruganda, 'Peacock Productions'. Kuva mu 2011, yakoraga nka producer wungirije, producer wungirije hamwe na producer nyobozi kuri serivise zitandukanye za tereviziyo, umwihariko wa TV hamwe na documentaire. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka !Film ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko |- | 2010 |''Rainbow Town'' | Umuyobozi, sinema, umwanditsi | Video documentaire |- | 2011 |''The 85th Anniversary of the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade'' | Umufasha wa producer | TV idasanzwe |- | 2012 |''Dateline NBC'' | Umufasha wa producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2012 |''Adele: Live in London with Matt Lauer'' | Umufasha wa producer | TV idasanzwe |- | 2012 |''Sandy: The Anatomy of a Superstorm'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2012 |''Breaking Amish'' | Associate producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2013 |''Cycling High: Doping to Win'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2013 |''Caught on Camera: Terror in Boston'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2015 |''Whitney Houston Live: Her Greatest Performances'' | Associate producer | TV idasanzwe |- | 2015 |''Why Planes Crash'' | Associate producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2015 |''The Real American Sniper'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2015 |''Hate in America'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2016 |''The Seven New Signs of the Apocalypse'' | Associate producer | Amashusho ya TV |- | 2016 |''Hate in America'' | Associate producer | TV Mini-Series documentaire |- | 2017 |''Beyond the Headlines'' | Producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2018 |''Headliners'' | Associate producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |- | 2020 |''Behind Closed Doors'' | Producer | Urukurikirane rwa TV |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] 88o874lplr2vtc8il4e5e0sqixekqjo 0 9835 139394 135864 2026-09-23T09:14:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139394 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Uluguru Mountain Ranges.jpg|thumb|igihugu doria achour avukamo ni umu nya tananzanian]] '''Doria Achour''' (wavutse ku ya 1 Werurwe 1991) ni umukinnyi ndetse n'umuyobozi wa firimi mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] ariko akomoka muri Tuniziya == Ubuzima bwe == Achour ni umukobwa wumuyobozi wa firime wa [[Tunisiya|tuniziya]] akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime Lotfi Achour na nyina w’[[Uburusiya]] akaba umwanditsi w'amakinamico. Mukuru we ni umwanditsi w'amakinamico, kandi afite murumuna we. Achour yakuriye mu cyiciro cya 12 cya Paris mu kirere cyari "icyerekezo cy'ubuhanzi, ariko ntabwo ari burugumesitiri." <ref name="LM2015">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/06/19/doria-achour-un-travelling-entre-paris-et-tunis_4658141_3212.html</ref> Akiri umwana, yaherekeje ababyeyi be mu myitozo yabo no mu bitaramo byabo. <ref name="voici">http://www.voici.fr/bios-people/doria-achour</ref> Mu 2002, Achour yerekanye umukobwa wa Sergi López muri ''Les Femmes... ou les enfants d'abord... [ fr ]'', iyobowe na Manuel Poirier. Nyina yamufashije kubona uruhare, abona itangazo muri ''Libération''. Nyuma yuruhare rwe rwa mbere, Achor yafashe amasomo yo gukina umwaka umwe muri Théâtre des Déchargeurs. Yagize uruhare rwa kabiri muri firime nkeya, nka ''L'enemi naturel'' na ''L'École pour tous''. <ref name="Express2014">http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/cinema/doria-achour-la-revelation-de-papa-was-not-a-rolling-stone_1603532.html</ref> Kugira ngo yibanze ku myigire ye, Achour yahagaritse umwuga we wa firime imyaka myinshi. Achour yabonye impamyabumenyi y’ubuvanganzo yakuye muri kaminuza ya Paris-Sorbonne nyuma aza kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri sinema yakuye muri kaminuza ya Paris Diderot. <ref name="LM2015" /> Muri 2012, Achour yakinnye umusore Yasmeen muri ''La fille publique'', kandi imico ye yahumekewe nubuzima bwa mbere bwa Cheyenne Carron. Mu mwaka wa 2013, Achour yayoboye filime ye ya mbere ngufi, ''Laisse-moi finir'', ku ngingo y'ubuzima muri Tuniziya nyuma y'Isoko ry'Abarabu igihe abayisilamu bigaruriraga. Yerekanwe mu minsi mikuru myinshi kandi ihabwa igihembo cya Audience muri Made in Med marushanwa ya firime ngufi yo muri Kamena 2014. Imyitwarire ye muri ''La fille publique yakuruye'' umuyobozi Sylvie Ohayon, wakinnye uyu mukinnyi ukiri muto nka Stephanie muri film ya''Papa Was Not a Rolling Ston''. Muri 2016, Achour yakinnye muri filime ye ya mbere yicyarabu, ''Yaka Ibyiringiro''. Yayoboye filime ngufi ''Le reste est l'œuvre de l'homme'', yatsindiye igihembo cya Jury mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Sundance 2017. <ref>https://mediakwest.com/le-reste-est-l-oeuvre-de-l-homme-prix-du-jury-du-concours-sundance-tv/</ref> Yakinnye na Leila, umukobwa wabuze, muri Naidra Ayadi ya film ya ''Ma fille ya'' 2018. <ref>https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/ma-fille-review-1147414</ref> Achur ni agnostic. Ni umukunzi wibitabo byo hagati. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cheekmagazine.fr/les-yeux-dans-les-yeux/doria-achour/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2020-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014231720/https://cheekmagazine.fr/les-yeux-dans-les-yeux/doria-achour/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Igice cya firime == ** 2002: ''Les Femmes... ou les enfants d'abord...'' ** 2004: ''L'enemi naturel'' ** 2005: ''L'Annulaire'' ** 2006: ''L'École pour tous'' ** 2012: ''La fille publique'' ** 2013: ''Laisse-moi finir'' (short film, director) ** 2014: ''Papa Was Not a Rolling Stone'' ** 2014: ''Demain dès l'aube'' (short film, director) ** 2016: ''Burning Hope'' ** 2017: ''Le reste est l'œuvre de l'homme'' (director) ** 2018: ''Ma fille'' == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6rdl71ythtrir6gxbd6o3rby64ufzsx 0 9837 139089 127570 2026-09-23T02:30:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139089 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34.jpg|thumb|afurika yamajyepfo igihugu nomsa kupi avukamo ninaho yakuriye]] '''Nomsa Kupi Manaka''' (wavutse 1962) ni umubyinnyi n'umukinnyi wa filime, umukinnyi wa koreografi wo muri [[Afurika yepfo]] == Ubuzima bwa Biografiya == Manaka yavutse 1962 i Orlando, mu mujyi wa Soweto muri Johannesburg, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Amaze gutozwa ballet ya kera, yigisha kubyina muri Funda Centre, yashinzwe numugabo we, Matsemela Manaka. Mu 1989, yakinnye mu ikinamico, ''Gorée'', yashyize aha hantu hateranira imbata zerekeza muri Amerika, kandi zivuga ku rugendo rwo mu mwuka rw'umukobwa ukiri muto. Uyu mugore yiga kubyina nyafurika, bimuganisha ku kwishakira ibisubizo. Azenguruka umugabane arangirira i Gorée, muri Senegali. Agezeyo, ahura n’umugore ukuze, wakinwe na Sibongile Khumalo, amufasha kumenya umurage we nyafurika. <ref name="dico2013" /> <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/24/theater/review-theater-a-homily-in-african-song-and-dance.html</ref> Mu 1991, Manaka yashinze ikinyamakuru cy'imbyino, ''Umukororombya w'Amizero'', maze akora choreografiya, harimo n'iya opera ''Umukobwa wa Nebo'', mu 1993. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1994/03/05/arts/review-theater-mystic-vs-rational-in-south-africa.html</ref> Mu bihangano bye bya koreografiya, ahuza imigenzo nyafurika ndetse nuburyo bwo kubyina byubu. <ref name="dico2013" /> Umugabo we, Matsemela Manaka, yapfuye mu 1998 azize impanuka y'imodoka. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/arts-culture/manaka-markettheatre |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130151608/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/arts-culture/manaka-markettheatre |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, Manaka yagaragaye muri filime ngufi ya Tiisetso Dladla yayobowe na ''Exiled'', ivuga ku mugore wumvikanye mu buhungiro bwe muri politiki muri Amerika mu 1990. <ref>https://www.goldposter.com/movie/10712763/</ref> Mu myaka ya za 2010, yabanaga n'umucuranzi Hugh Masekela, wari urwaye kanseri ya prostate. We ubwe yari yarasuzumwe kanseri yintanga mu 2016. Yavuze ku kuntu babona iyi ndwara ati: "Byari ngombwa ko twembi twohereza ubutumwa ko tugomba kwishimira ubuzima bwacu n'abo turi bo. Ntidukwiye kureka kanseri ikatumanura. " Hugh Masekela yapfuye muri Mutarama 2018. Manaka yakize indwara nyuma y'amezi ya chimiotherapie. <ref>https://www.timeslive.co.za/tshisa-live/tshisa-live/2018-01-29-bra-hughs-last-love-nomsa-manaka-he-was-the-most-amazing-person/</ref> Mu gihe cyo gukira kwe, Manaka yazanye igitekerezo cyo kubyina kubyina ''Dance Out of Kanseri'', yaberaga kuri Theatre Joburg yo gukusanya amafaranga ku barwayi ba kanseri. <ref>https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/entertainment/2017-06-22-nomsa-manaka-dances-out-of-cancer/</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] ogsewbf9t7dzme5nv4p618wdggubxuq 0 9840 139327 126776 2026-09-23T07:46:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sierra Leone-Mappa.gif|thumb|igihugu ngardy conteh yavukiyemo siera leone]] '''Ngardy Conteh George''' niUmuyobozi, umwanditsi, kandi atunganya firime ukomoka muri [[Siyera Lewone]] ariko yibera muri [[Kanada]], . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://cfccreates.com/residents/578 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130155942/http://cfccreates.com/residents/578 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Ngardy Conteh George yavukiye iFreetown, Sierra Leone kandi ni umuhererezi mu bana bane. Mu bwana bwe, umuryango we wimukiye i Toronto, muri Kanada mu 1981. Conteh George yagiye mu ishuri rya Leta rya Jesse Ketchum (1981-1992), n'Amashuri yisumbuye y'Amajyaruguru (1992-1995) mbere yo kurangiza mu kigo cya Vaughan Road Collegiate Institute (1995-1997). == Kurikirana n'umurima == Conteh George yize muri kaminuza ya New Orleans (1997-2001) kuri bourse yo gusiganwa ku maguru aho yitabiriye amarushanwa yo gusimbuka gatatu no gusimbuka hejuru. Conteh George yegukanye umwanya wa 3 mu gusimbuka hejuru muri Shampiyona yo mu nzu ya Sunbelt 1998. Mu 2001, Ihuriro rya Sun Belt ryatangaje ko Ngardy Conteh yari mu rutonde rw’abakomiseri 2000-2001 na Academic Honor Roll. <ref name=":1" /> Urutonde rwabakomiseri ni icyegeranyo cyabakinnyi babanyeshuri bakomeje byibuze amanota 3,5 mugihembwe cyambere cyangwa bitatu bya gatatu. == Umwuga wa film == Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, Conteh George yibanze ku gutunganya amafilime no kuvuga amateka ya Diaspora nyafurika. <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/ngardy-conteh-george/</ref> Filime ye ya mbere yari ''Abasirikare kumihanda'' (yakozwe muri gahunda ya Momentum hamwe na NFB mu 2004) yasobanuye imbaraga za Ras King zo kwigisha no guha imbaraga urubyiruko.) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=51675 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130155943/http://onf-nfb.gc.ca/en/our-collection/?idfilm=51675 |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu 2005, Conteh George yari umuyobozi ushinzwe gutunganya inyandiko. urukurikirane rw'ibitabo ''bizima'', byakozwe na Frances Ann Solomon. Yayoboye ibice 3 kandi afatanya kuyobora kimwe muri byo. <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2075341/</ref> Hamwe na sosiyete ye Mattru Media, Conteh George yakoze, ayobora kandi ahindura imishinga myinshi yo gutangaza no kugana abakiriya. Mu bicuruzwa harimo ''The Rhyming Chef Barbuda,'' igitaramo cyo guteka gihuza ibiryo hamwe na hip hop yakinnye numugabo we Philman George. Yasohoye ibihe bibiri byikinyamakuru cyimyidagaduro yerekana ikinamico hip-hop yerekana <nowiki><i id="mwMw">Cypher</i></nowiki> kuri TV ya AUX, igice cyisaha yisaha ya ''The Circle of Slavery'' yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Siyera Lewone, hamwe na documentaire ndende ya The Flying Stars (Yiswe ' Leone Stars ') <ref>https://www.thestar.com/life/travel/2008/10/18/chef_cooks_with_rhythm_rhyme_and_a_dash_of_thyme.html</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/worldroutes/festivals.cfm?id=2209&festival_id=64 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-01-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210116163202/https://www.harbourfrontcentre.com/worldroutes/festivals.cfm?id=2209&festival_id=64 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":2">https://realscreen.com/2011/09/13/tiff-2011-leone-stars-wins-tiffs-pitch-this/</ref> === Inyenyeri ziguruka === ''Flying Stars'' (muburyo bwa ''Leone Stars'' ) iyobowe kandi ikorwa na Conteh George na Allan Tong hamwe nabandi ba producer ni Katarina Soukup wo muri Catbird Productions. Umushinga wakusanyije amadolari ibihumbi 20 kuri kickstarter kandi niyo documentaire yambere yatsindiye Telefilm Canada TIFF Pitch Iyi! amarushanwa. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/news/entertainment/doc-tale-of-amputee-soccer-players-wins-pitch-this-1.1108412</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda, film yakiriye inkunga yikigega cya Sundance Institute Documentary Film Fund. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sundance.org/blogs/news/29-documentaries-receive-582000-in-grants-from-sundance-institute-documenta |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130155942/https://www.sundance.org/blogs/news/29-documentaries-receive-582000-in-grants-from-sundance-institute-documenta |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mpeshyi ya 2012 film yatoranijwe muri Hoteri ya Hot Docs. <ref>https://playbackonline.ca/2011/09/13/tiff-2011-leone-stars-wins-pitch-this/</ref> <ref>https://realscreen.com/2012/03/27/hot-docs-reveals-forum-picks/</ref> Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere ku isi muri RIDM ikomeza gukina mu Iserukiramuco rya Filime zabirabura harimo irya Toronto na Wilson Oakville, ndetse n'Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Black Star. <ref>https://catbirdproductions.ca/en/news/world-premiere-of-the-flying-stars-at-the-ridm</ref> <ref>https://www.timeout.com/toronto/things-to-do/the-flying-stars-toronto-premiere</ref> <ref>https://www.oyamediagroup.com/original-content/the-flying-stars</ref> Iri serukiramuco ryasojwe nigihembo cyiza cya documentaire mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya BronzeLens 2015 kandi ryatangajwe ku isi yose harimo Umuyoboro wa Documentaire muri Kanada, NHK mu [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]], DR muri [[Danimarike]] na Al Jazeera. Ubu iratemba kuri Kweli. TV ku isi hose. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www6.nhk.or.jp/wdoc/backnumber/detail/?pid=170329 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-02-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210205145656/http://www6.nhk.or.jp/wdoc/backnumber/detail/?pid=170329 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/program/witness/2015/9/13/the-flying-stars</ref> <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/programguide/program/the_flying_stars</ref> === Itsinda ry'itangazamakuru rya OYA === Mu mwaka wa 2016, Conteh George yayoboye kandi ahindura inyandiko ngufi ya ''Dudley Avuga kuri njye'' mu rwego rwo kuyobora umushinga wa Akua Benjamin Legacy Project yakozwe na Alison Duke. Yakiriye Ikiganiro Cyiza cya Kanada mu Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime ya Karayibe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ryerson.ca/akua-benjamin-project/what-is-the-legacy-project/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420034430/https://www.ryerson.ca/akua-benjamin-project/what-is-the-legacy-project/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ryerson.ca/akua-benjamin-project/watch-50-years-of-black-activism/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-04-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417231828/https://www.ryerson.ca/akua-benjamin-project/watch-50-years-of-black-activism/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nowtoronto.com/news/black-heroes-of-toronto-anti-racism |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130155941/https://nowtoronto.com/news/black-heroes-of-toronto-anti-racism |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abagore bombi barema bashizeho ubufatanye bushingiye ku guhuza indangagaciro maze bashinga uruganda rukora OYA Media Group. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.oyamediagroup.com/oya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-30 |archive-date=2021-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211130155943/https://www.oyamediagroup.com/oya |url-status=dead }}</ref> Itsinda rya mbere rya OYA Media Group ni ''Mr. Jane and Finch''bayobowe na Conteh George kandi bafatanije kwandika / bafatanije na Conteh George na Duke. Iyi documentaire yashinzwe na CBC Doc POV ikazenguruka kuri Winston Larose, umukunzi w’umukecuru w’imyaka 80 ukomoka mu gihugu cya Giyane-Kanada ujugunya ingofero muri politiki y’ibanze kandi ahura n’ivanguramoko rishingiye kuri gahunda muri politiki ya Kanada. <ref>https://www.cbc.ca/cbcdocspov/episodes/mr-jane-and-finch</ref> Iyi filime yatorewe igihembo cya Golden Sheaf kandi yahawe ibihembo bibiri bya Canadian Screen Awards : Igihembo cya Donald Brittain Award Cyiza Cy’Imibereho Myiza ya Politiki no Kwandika neza kuri Documentaire. <ref>{{Template:Cite web}}https://web.archive.org/web/20210126082607/http://yorktonfilm.com/2019-winners-nominees/mr_jane_and_finch/</ref> <ref>https://www.vimooz.com/2020/06/18/oya-media-groups-mr-jane-and-finch-wins-2-canadian-screen-awards/</ref> Yashinzwe na Duke, abo bagore bombi bayobora kandi gahunda ya OYA Emerging Filmmaker (bisanzwe byitwa Black Youth Pathway to Industry) kubakiri bato barangije porogaramu za firime na tereviziyo. <ref>https://mag.women2elevate.club/issue-18/whats-happening-now-oya-media-group</ref> == Igice cya firime == ** ''Soldiers for the Streets'' (2004) ** ''Literature Alive'' (2005) ** ''The Circle of Slavery'' (2008) ** ''The Rhyming Chef Barbuda'' (2009) ** ''The Flying Stars'' (2014) ** ''Dudley Speaks for Me'' (2016) ** ''Mr. Jane and Finch'' (2019) == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 7iaj8701musdjfit3y41vcb190we4ko 0 9845 139495 135763 2026-09-23T09:54:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139495 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rosette Chantal Rugamba''' ni umucuruzikazi washoye mu bukerarugendo, washinze kandi Umuyobozi wa Songa Africa, sosiyete ikora ibijyanye n'ubukerarugendo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba akaba na nyiri Amakoro Songa Kinigi Lodge ikorera mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.global-ambassadors.org/people/rosette-chantal-rugamba/</ref> <ref>https://www.cnbcafrica.com/2019/songa-africas-chantal-rugamba-on-the-rise-of-high-end-tourism-in-rwanda/</ref> == Uburezi == Rosette afite impamyabumenyi ya politiki ( siyanse mbonezamubano) ya siyanse na sociologiya yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, yize ibijyanye no kwamamaza mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] kandi ni umuyobozi wa Aspen's global leadership -Ali East Africa of 2010. <ref>https://eturbonews.com/56736/rosette-rugamba-graduates-aspen-s-global-leadership-course/</ref> Niwe mwanditsi w’isoko rusange ry’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo (COMESA) m'Ubukerarugendo burambye - ishingiro ryo gushyiraho ingamba n’ubukerarugendo mu karere. <ref>https://equitygroupfoundation.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Equity-Bank-Annual-Report-2015-1.pdf</ref> == Umwuga == Rosette Chantal Rugamba ashishikajwe cyane n'ubukerarugendo kandi afite ubutunzi bwinshi bw'ubushishozi n'inzego za leta mu gukangurira ubufatanye bwa Leta n'abikorera guteza imbere ubukerarugendo neza. Rosette yagize uruhare runini mu nganda n’ubukerarugendo mu myaka 24 ishize atangirana na EuroStar mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], hanyuma aba umuyobozi ushinzwe kugurisha no kwamamaza muri British Airways muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] no muri central Afurika. <ref>https://www.africanparks.org/about-us/our-people/rosette-chantal-rugamba</ref> , yagiye akora nk'Umuyobozi mu Nama Nyafurika yikorabuhanga- [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. <ref>https://www.gianmarcomaraviglia.com/rwanda-women</ref> Ni perezida w’Urugereko rw’Ubukerarugendo, akaba n'umwe mu bagize inama y’Urugereko rw’Abagore mu Ishyirahamwe ry’abikorera. <ref>https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/travel/black-travel-guide/visiting-africa-community-led-tourism-airbnb-travel-summit/</ref> Kuva mu 2003, Rosette yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru w’ibiro by’ubukerarugendo na parike y’u [[Rwanda]] (ORTPN), <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211122210754/https://womenforenvironment.org/we_are/rosette-chantal-rugamba/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/4089</ref> aho yateje imbere ububyutse n’iterambere ry’ubukerarugendo mu nyuma makimbirane y’u Rwanda no kubungabunga parike eshatu z’igihugu mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/46460</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://expressnews.rw/rosette-rugamba-gets-appointed-to-unwtos-tourism-ethics-committee/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122143609/http://expressnews.rw/rosette-rugamba-gets-appointed-to-unwtos-tourism-ethics-committee/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuva mu 2003 kugeza 2010, ubwo yari umuyobozi ushinzwe ubukerarugendo no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]], umubare w’abakerarugendo wiyongereye uva ku 13.000 ugera kuri 790.000 ndetse anaba uwa mbere mu kwinjiza amadovize. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.tourismleadershipforum.africa/2018-speakers-details/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122164932/https://www.tourismleadershipforum.africa/2018-speakers-details/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rwatoranijwe kuba intangarugero mu gukora ubukerarugendo bwa [[Afurika]] kandi rutsindira imurikagurisha ryiza rya [[Afurika]] mu imurikagurisha ry’ubucuruzi rya ITB-tourism mu myaka 4 ikurikiranye. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/telecoms-en/5467/rwanda-is-selected-as-model-for-e-tourism |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122164913/https://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/telecoms-en/5467/rwanda-is-selected-as-model-for-e-tourism |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rosette yamenyekanye [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|nk'Ubunyamabanga bw'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] nk'umwe mu bashinzwe ubukerarugendo no kubungabunga ibidukikije mu karere. Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe ubukerarugendo no kubungabunga [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|Ikigo cy’iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] (RDB). <ref>https://eturbonews.com/29395/deputy-ceo-rwanda-development-board-tourism-moves/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/88607</ref> Rosette Rugamba ashyirwa muri komite ishinzwe imyitwarire y’ubukerarugendo bwa UNTWO-Global manda y’imyaka ine yatangiye ku ya 17 Nzeri 2017 kandi akora nk'umujyanama wihariye w’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye ushinzwe ubukerarugendo ku isi (UNWTO). <ref>https://www.unwto.org/members-2017-2021</ref> <ref>https://www.hospitalitynet.org/news/4084807.html</ref> Mu zindi nshingano za Rosette harimo gukorera mu Nama y'Ubucuruzi Mark East Africa (TMEA) na Sonarwa-Insurance Company. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/192042</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] fac8vud5nsqofea09byhqqvvwlinxz0 0 9847 139205 136689 2026-09-23T07:12:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NCBA LOGO 2.jpg|thumb|NCBA aho Lina Higiro yayoyoboye]] '''Mukashyaka Lina Higiro''' ni umucuruzikazi wo mu [[Rwanda]] kandi yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa Banki ya NCBA mu Rwanda kuva muri Nyakanga 2018<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/lina-higiro-among-top-3-seasoned-women-shaping-east-africa-s-banking-financial |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207175514/https://en.igihe.com/news/article/lina-higiro-among-top-3-seasoned-women-shaping-east-africa-s-banking-financial |url-status=dead }}</ref>. <ref name="1R">http://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/cba-bank-rwanda-new-ceo</ref> mbere yuko ahabwa inshingano, kuva muri Nyakanga 2016, yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa AB Bank Rwanda. Muri uru ruhare, yagenzuye imikorere ya banki, amabanki y’ubucuruzi, iterambere ry’ubucuruzi n’imari ya digitale <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kenyanwallstreet.com/angaza-awards-top-10-finalists-lina-higiro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207175514/https://kenyanwallstreet.com/angaza-awards-top-10-finalists-lina-higiro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="2R">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgHL3Zf6Zvk</ref>. Mbere yibyo, Higiro yari umuyobozi w’ingamba, igenamigambi n’ubucuruzi muri I&amp;amp;M Banki, kandi mbere yaho yakoraga muri Guaranty Trust Bank (icyo gihe yari Fina Bank), nk'umuyobozi wa Banki, kuva muri 2007 kugeza 2011. <ref name="1R" /> == Amavu n'amavuko == Mukashyaka Lina Higiro yize muri kaminuza ya North-West University, muri Afurika yepfo, arangizanya impamyabumenyi y’ubucuruzi <ref>https://rw.ncbagroup.com/meet-the-team/</ref><ref name="1R" />. Nyuma, yabonye Master of Business Administration yakuye muri kaminuza ya Liverpool mu [[Bwongereza]] <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/article/yatangiye-akora-mu-mw-isomero-none-ni-umwe-mu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207175514/https://igihe.com/abantu/biographies/article/yatangiye-akora-mu-mw-isomero-none-ni-umwe-mu |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Afite kandi icyemezo mu bucuruzi n’itumanaho ry’amasosiyete, cyatanzwe na kaminuza ya Ryerson, i Toronto, muri [[Kanada]]<ref name=":0" />. == Ibihembo == Lina Higiro yari mu bagore benshi bari kugira uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere no kuvugurura imikorere y’Urwego rw’Imari ku mugabane w' Afurika, hari abagore baturutse ku Mugabane wa Afurika mu bihugu nka kote divuwari, [[Kenya]], Ibirwa bya [[Morise]], [[Nijeriya|Nigeriya]], u Rwanda, [[Afurika y’Epfo]], Uganda, [[Zambiya]] na Zimbabwe aho yaje ku mwanya mwiza ku mwanya wa 3 ku rutonde rugaragaraho abagore bo muri Afurika bakora mu nzego zitandukanye z’imari, zirimo ibigo by’ishoramari, amabanki n’ibigo by’ubwishingizi bizwi nka Angaza Awards.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/christine-baingana-wa-urwego-bank-yashyizwe-mu-bagore-10-batanga-icyizere-mu</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/lina-higiro-uyobora-ncba-bank-rwanda-mu-bagore-batatu-batanga-icyizere-muri-eac</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 97hpogso6hb7eb9elq88rq4o9nypkru 0 9848 139252 131544 2026-09-23T07:31:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139252 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mireille Karera''' n'umucuruzi akaba na rwiyemezamirimo, washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa KORA Coaching Group Ltd, isosiyete ikora ibya Coaching & Consulting ikorera mu [[Rwanda]] icyo kigo cyatangiye muri 2013 i Dubai muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu(United Arab Emirate -UAE) hanyuma muri 2015 mu Rwanda. Munyuma gihita kitangira ishuri yigisha abayobozi igatoza n'abandi kuba aba Coach mpuza mahanga nkawe. Icyo kigo cyitwa KORA Coaching & Business Academy(KCA) cyantagiye muri 2018. <ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/1/28/the-startup-story-of-mireille-karera</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/230914</ref> == Uburezi == [[Dosiye:Cologne Germany Flora-Köln-00.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Cologne mu budage]] Karera yakurikiranye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Business & Legal Translation kuri kaminuza i Cologne, mu [[Ubudage|Budage]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rhrmo.org/2021/11/15/presenters-on-re-engineering-leadership-skills-for-human-resource-and-line-managers-through-coaching/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123055215/https://www.rhrmo.org/2021/11/15/presenters-on-re-engineering-leadership-skills-for-human-resource-and-line-managers-through-coaching/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ndetse no mu bwongereza muri kaminuza zitandukanye. Aba umutoza (Coach) guhera muri 2013. == Umwuga == Karera yagarutse muri [[Afurika]] nyuma yo kumara imyaka irenga 20 hanze ya Afurika ari mumahanga atandukanye. Muri iyo myaka harimo imyaka13 akora nk'uwambere mu kugurisha, ingamba zo guteza imbere ubucuruzi ku batanga serivisi z’imari ku isi nka Moody's Investor Services, EBS Dealing Resources (ubu ICAP) na Thomson Reuters i Londres, Dubai, Johannesburg na [[Nairobi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://breakfastclubafrica.com/coaches-3/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123060345/https://breakfastclubafrica.com/coaches-3/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/madame-jeannette-kagame-yasabye-abagore-kwirinda-kwigana-imishinga-y-abandi</ref> Yabaye Umuyobozi w’Ihuriro ry’Abagore ku Isi mu [[Rwanda]] kandi mbere yari Umuyobozi w’Urugaga rw’Abagore ruherereye i Dubai ruha imbaraga abagore mu nshingano z’Ubuyobozi no kwiteza imbere ku kazi, <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Inama-y-Abagore-ku-Isi-izizihiriza-Umunsi-w-Abagore-mu-Rwanda</ref> yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho gahunda z’ubujyanama bw’umwuga ku bagore. <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/karera-i-have-been-to-54-countries-so-far-1394656</ref> Afite inkuru nyinshi zishishikariza abagore kwishora mubucuruzi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=7&a=3889 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123054939/http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=7&a=3889 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.amazonswatchmagazine.com/exclusive-qa/my-dream-is-to-see-the-gender-agenda-become-a-thing-of-the-past-mireille-karera/</ref> Ubufatanye bwe hagati ya KORA Coaching Group na Career Women Network [[Kigali]] bukemura ikibazo cyubumenyi hagati yabategarugori kugirango bahabwe amahirwe yo guhatanira akazi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/rwanda-chosen-for-the-launch-of-kora-coaching |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122211913/https://en.igihe.com/news/rwanda-chosen-for-the-launch-of-kora-coaching |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/230914</ref> Isosiyete ye KORA Coaching and Business Academy (KCA) yakwirakwije serivisi zayo mu bihugu bitandukanye bya [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/local-leadership-coaching-company-looks-export-services-out-rwanda</ref> Mu by'ukuri, mu academy bituma abagore ba rwiyemezamirimo n'urubyiruko kubona uburenganzira business batoza no mentorship, ndetse ubumenyi gucunga ubucuruzi. <ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/06/first-lady-jeannette-kagame-advises-women-to-stop-replicating-business/</ref> <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/91856/kigali-hateguwe-breakfast-seminar-yabagore-nabakobwa-bari-mu-nzego-zubuyobozi-mu-kubafasha-91856.html</ref> == Ibihembo == Muri 2017, Karera yahawe igihembo "Africa’s Top 25 Distinguished Women in Business Excellence" n'ikinyamakuru Africa Leadership Magazine & Amazons Watch Magazine. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rhrmo.org/2021/11/15/presenters-on-re-engineering-leadership-skills-for-human-resource-and-line-managers-through-coaching/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123055215/https://www.rhrmo.org/2021/11/15/presenters-on-re-engineering-leadership-skills-for-human-resource-and-line-managers-through-coaching/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2020, Karera yahawe igihembo "101 Most Fabulous Global Coaching Leaders" na World HRD i Mumbai mubuhindi. Muri 2022, Karera yahawe igihembo '''''“700 African Doers”''''' n'ikinyamakuru Tropics Magazine == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 7zxoayeb0n12r56i54b5u16hwmxlrzb 0 9856 139206 134533 2026-09-23T07:13:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139206 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Barbara Umuhoza''' ni Pasiteri mu [[Rwanda]], umuhuza wa magambo, akora muri domene zitandukanye ari umusemuzi mu ndimi zitandukanye, Umunyamakuru kandi akaba umushyushyarugamba (MC). Ni nyiri Éclat Communications Ltd, isosiyete itanga serivisi mubusemuzi, gutunganya ibintu no gukoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211203145617/https://trailblazersimpact.com/season-three-ptb/</ref> == Umwuga == '''Umuhoza''' kandi ni umwe mu bashinze umuryango wa Lucia's Scashed Candles, isosiyete IKORA buji ihumura ikorerwa mu [[Rwanda]] kandi ikwirakwizwa mu gihugu. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/duo-choosing-local-candle-making-spice-living-spaces</ref> Umuhoza ni umunyamuryango wa [[Rwanda]] Leaders Fellowship yakira gahunda zo gutanga inama ku rubyiruko mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/207106</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Jeannette-Kagame-arashishikariza-urubyiruko-rw-abayobozi-kwigira-ku</ref> <ref>https://rwandaises.com/2020/01/umubano-mwiza-wabashakanye-ntupfa-kubaho-gusa-uraharanirwa-madamu-jeannette-kagame/</ref> Yakiriye iserukiramuco rya sinema rya gikirisitu ryo mu [[Rwanda]] 2018 <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/84145/rwanda-christian-film-festival-84145.html</ref> , maze ayobora ubwo barangizaga icyiciro cya 2019 mu kigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umugore (IEEW). Yagizwe moderator muri Alliance for Financial inclusion's 2019 Global Policy Forum. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ieew.org/2019/10/around-the-class-of-2019-barbara-umuhoza/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-06 |archive-date=2021-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203151715/https://ieew.org/2019/10/around-the-class-of-2019-barbara-umuhoza/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2020, yitabiriye inama y’amahoro binyuze mu bucuruzi iyobowe n’ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umugore aho yagejeje ibitekerezo bye ku nshingano z’ubushumba n’uburyo byagize ingaruka ku cyorezo cya COVID-19 . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211203145617/https://trailblazersimpact.com/season-three-ptb/</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211203145617/https://trailblazersimpact.com/season-three-ptb/</ref> Umuhoza asangira ibitekerezo bye abinyujije kuri podcasts yakirwa kuri IHeartRadio. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.iheart.com/podcast/263-peace-through-business-56252519/episode/ep16-barbara-umuhoza-pastor-and-successful-communications-56261452/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-06 |archive-date=2021-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203151710/https://www.iheart.com/podcast/263-peace-through-business-56252519/episode/ep16-barbara-umuhoza-pastor-and-successful-communications-56261452/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuhoza kandi yashinze Barbara Show kuri YouTube hamwe na videwo mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] hamwe na rimwe na rimwe mu Cyongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://teakisi.com/content-i-have-been-enjoying/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-06 |archive-date=2021-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203145118/https://teakisi.com/content-i-have-been-enjoying/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yasemuriye uwari igikomangoma cy'Ubwongereza Prince Charles (King Charles) muri Chogm 2022. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] hziwg0z4tz03mukdke5or6k5479dbdl 0 9860 139149 81055 2026-09-23T03:10:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139149 wikitext text/x-wiki Alodie Ugirihirwe ni umunyarwandakazi utuye [[Nyabihu District|mukarere ka Nyabihu]] Alodie Ugirihirwe akaba ahagarariye ishuri ndincukeke ndetse n' abanza muri ako gace.<ref>https://web.facebook.com/alodie.ugirihirwe?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> == Imirimo == Ugirihirwe Alodie ahagarariye ishuri ryitwa [[Nursultan|Christ the King Nursery]] and Primary School, akaba yaragize igitekerezo cyo kwegereza abana n' ababyeyi iryo shuri bitewe nuko hari hasanzw hari ikicyibazo cyuko nta shuli riri hafi aho muri ako gace nditse bikagora cyane abana b'incuke kujya kwiga kure.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/nyabihu-begerejwe-ishuri-rizagabanya-ingendo-abana-bakoraga</ref> == Bariza Hano == 7x28okmnikoc7xwrkvwzevmhzosfvc6 0 9864 139150 134899 2026-09-23T03:10:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139150 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bernadette Umunyana''' ni umunyarwandakazi washinze ikigo kizwi kwizina rya Dokmai Rwanda.<ref>https://www.pinterest.com/pin/476889048049776419/</ref> Iki kigo kikaba ari ikigo kigenga gikorera mu [[Rwanda]]. cyashinzw mumwaka wa 2014 afatanyije n'umuryangowe, umugabowe ndetse n'umuhungu we. == Amateka == Bernadette Umunyana mbere yuko ashinga iki kigo mu [[Rwanda]], yari atuye muri asia y'amajyefpo (South East Asia) afata umwanzuro wo kuva muri ibyo bihugu ngo aze mu Rwanda ahashinge iki kigo gikora ibijyanye n'uruhu rukomeye (leather) kandi bikozwe n'intoki ndetse bizwi kwizina rya Made in Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://itarazen.com/pages/dokmairwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207111407/https://itarazen.com/pages/dokmairwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Imirimo ye == Umunyana Bernadette biciye kurubuga rwabo rwa DOKMAI Rwanda batangazako intego ndetse n'imirimo yabo nyamukuru igameje kugaragaza isura nziza ndetse n'ubushobozi bw'urwanda mukugaragaza <ref>https://dokmairwanda.com/about-us/</ref> ibyiza inganda z'abanyarwanda zabasha gukora ndetse bigakurura n'abanyamahanga kureba agaciro ka [[Made in Rwanda]] cyangwa Ibikorerwa mu rwanda == Guhanga ibishya == Bernadette umunyana afatanyije na babiri bo mumuryangowe, bashinze iki kigo cya DOKMAI Rwanda batewe ishema no guteza imbirere ubunzi bw'ibikorwa n'intoki ( handicraft activities) Ndetse bifite ubuziranenge bwo kurwego rwo hejuru ('''high quality leather fashion accessories).''' Ibi bikaba bigamije guteza imbire ibijyanye n'imideri (Fashion) mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/3/30/the-startup-story-of-bernadette-umunyana</ref> == Ubumenyi n'Ubunyamwuga == Aba bashoramari bafite ubumenyi muribi bikurikira ,Handicraft : design, production, marketing of handicraft imigeri ikozwe muri leather, ndetse na mulberry paper. Respecting Fair Trade principles and assuming social responsibility. kwita kubidukikije ndetse n'uburinganire (Respectful to the environment and to gender and youth issues in a nondiscriminator) manner Education: Primary school teacher, moderator, Bafite ubunararibonye muri ( courses for professional development (see CV) Computer skills: MS Word, MS Excel, graphic programs, accounting.<ref>https://rw.linkedin.com/in/bernadette-umunyana-b9436a98</ref> == Indimi == Kinyarwanda (mother tongue) French (fluent) English (fluent) Swahili (speaking) Lao (basic: speaking) Arabic (basic: speaking) German (basic: reading, speaking) == Umuryango == Bernadette arubatse afite abana 2 ,Mukinyamakuru Jolie Tropisme yatangajeko ibiyanye n'ubwarimu yabikoze kugeza muwa 2014, ariko akaba yari yaratangiye kwihuza n'ibijyanye n'imideri bitewe n'uko uwo bashakanye yakoraga mubihugu bitandukanye byo muri Afurika na Asia kandi bajyana aho hose, ibyo bigatuma amenya byinshi kubijyanye n'imideri. yatangiye ibikorwa bye bijyanye n'imideri muri Burkina Faso aho avugako yahigiye byinshi ndetse birimo no kudoda( batik techniques) hanyuma abasha guhindura ibyo yakoraga mumideri nkamakanzu ,amashati n'imipira. Umunyana kandi ygize uruhare muri porogaramu zimideri muri Ouagadougou.<ref>https://jolitropisme.blog/2019/11/21/this-is-rwanda-bernadette-umunyana-dokmai/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] m81je4wnpr69nmrpsadjujirzo4r1vr 0 9878 139504 123782 2026-09-23T09:59:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139504 wikitext text/x-wiki Lydia Hakizimana numunyarwanda kazi akaba rwiyemezamirimo i [[Kigali]], mu Rwanda.<ref>https://soundcloud.com/margaret-hirsch-782691831/lydia-hakizimana-starting-her-own-montessori-school-in-kigali-rwanda</ref> == Umwuga == Lydie ni Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo nyafurika gishinzwe ubumenyi bw'imibare (AIMS). Niwe kandi washinze Drakkar Ltd, ikigo cy’ibitabo byigisha uburezi mu Rwanda, Lydie afite uburambe bwimyaka 10 mu gukora no gukwirakwiza ibitabo. Binyuze mu mirimo ye i Drakkar, Lydie yahinduye kandi asohora imitwe 16 ya [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] kandi atanga ibitabo birenga miliyoni.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/177-lydie-hakizimana-kalisa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=2021-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116201644/https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/177-lydie-hakizimana-kalisa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibitabo bya Drakkar byahawe amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye 3.800, agera ku bana miliyoni eshatu mu Rwanda. Yashinze kandi Happy Hearts Preschools muri 2015 kugirango itange uburezi bufite ireme kuri bose. Ubu umuyoboro wihuta cyane wigenga ryibanze ryibanze mu [[Rwanda]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/177-lydie-hakizimana-kalisa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=2021-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211116201644/https://alinstitute.org/17-about-fellows/177-lydie-hakizimana-kalisa |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Rwiyemezamirimo == Lydie Hakizimana ni umwe mu bashinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi wa '''Drakkar''' Limited, ucuruza kandi akanatanga ibitabo by’uburezi mu [[Rwanda]]. Kuri Lydie, byose byatangiye mu 2006 ubwo ishyaka rye ryo gusoma ryatumaga afungura iduka rito ryibitabo.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/15/meet-20-women-entrepreneurs-who-are-spearheading-a-new-entrepreneurial-spirit-in-rwanda</ref> Bidatinze, ibyifuzo bye byo kwihangira imirimo byatumye agirana umubano n’amasosiyete menshi yandika, amaherezo agirana amasezerano n’umubwiriza wo mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], Pearson '''Education'''. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.igihe.com/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=2021-12-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211210205834/http://en.igihe.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Drakkar yahise ahinduka [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] ucuruza ibitabo byuburezi mu [[Rwanda]], aba intangarugero mu cyerekezo cy’igihugu cye cyo kubaka ubukungu bushingiye ku bumenyi. Uyu munsi, Lydie ayobora abakozi 45 nabagabuzi b'igihe gito.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-lydie-hakizimana</ref> == Amateka == Lydia  numugabo we bashakaga ishuri ryumuhungu wabo ntibashobora kubona ishuri bifuzagako umuhungu umuhungu wabo yabo yakwigamo. Bahisemo rero gufungura ishuri ryabo rya Montessori kugirango bigishe umuhungu wabo, nabandi bana kwiga kwikorera ibintu ubwabo.<ref>https://soundcloud.com/margaret-hirsch-782691831/lydia-hakizimana-starting-her-own-montessori-school-in-kigali-rwanda</ref> == Ibihembo == Madamu Lydie Hakizimana yahawe igihembo na Meya wa '''Paris''', Anne Hidalgo, muri Kongere ya 41 y’abayobozi b’aba Francophone yateguwe n’ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’abayobozi b’aba Francophone (AIMF) i Kigali, mu Rwanda kuva ku ya 18 kugeza ku ya 21 Nyakanga 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://aims-cameroon.org/2021/07/23/aims-global-ceo-ms-lydie-hakizimana-wins-francophone-woman-of-the-year-award/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-10 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115201250/https://aims-cameroon.org/2021/07/23/aims-global-ceo-ms-lydie-hakizimana-wins-francophone-woman-of-the-year-award/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba Kandi == AIMS Latest News<ref>Carine-Zoe Umutoni</ref> == Aho byakuwe == <references /> 793xuu50gmzud3tqzzplc736eysja1t 0 9884 139151 120187 2026-09-23T03:10:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139151 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umunyana Denise''' nirwiyemeza Mirimo akaba arino mubashinze Right seat <ref>https://rightseat.rw/</ref>. Umunyana Denise akaba ari [[umugore]] n'umunyarwandakazi ukora muri airtel, aho ashinzwe itangazamakuru no gutanga amakuru muri icyo cyigo. Umunyana Denise ni umubyeyi ufite abana wize ufite icyiciro cy'akabili cya kaminuza nkuru.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/61259/airtel-rwanda-yatangiye-ubufatanye-mu-bucuruzi-n-ijwi-rya-bose-mu-rwego-rwo-gufasha-abantu-babana-n--61259.html</ref> Umunyana Denise yagiye agaragara mu bbikorwa byinshi harimo 4G Internet square, Call Rwanda, Airtel Rising stars, Tap and Pay Card ya KOZAHO, MONACO Cosmetics.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/category/inkuru-zamamaza/page/24?nocache=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-09 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810225318/https://ar.umuseke.rw/category/inkuru-zamamaza/page/24?nocache=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yabwiye-urubyiruko-ko-rudakwiye-guterwa-ipfunwe-no</ref> [[Dosiye:Airtel Africa logo.svg|center|thumb|Ikirango cya Airtel, aho Denise akora]] == Umwuga == Denise Umunyana yabonye amahirwe hanyuma nymayayo ashiramubikorwa ibyoyayakuyemo; afite uburambe nubushake buhagije akaba  afie MBA mu micungire y’abakozi, kumyaka ye imyaka 36 y'amavuko yafatanije na Right Seat Ltd, isosiyete icunga imfashanyo ibafasha kongera ibikorwa byabo mu bucuruzi binyuze mu micungire y’abakozi. Umunyana akaba yaganiriye na Women Today's Donah Mbabazi kubyerekeye umurongo w'akazi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/featured-right-seat-offers-pro-bono-hr-solutions-companies-affected-covid-19</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/216373</ref> == Ibyo akunda == Denise yavuzeko mumirimo ye akunda Human resources Magemenrt anavugako Umudendezo afite ubu guhitamo uburyo bwo kuringaniza ubuzima bwe  nakazi. Uburyo bwebwo kurema ubu burakangutse, aziko  kwa shobora gusama no kugerageza ibitekerezo byiwe, kandi nibyiza niba bidakozwe aba arimo gukora ibyo nkunda.[https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/blog/2016/4/12/the-startup-story-of-denise-umunyana-and-celine-uwineza] == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] jzr1h13kb1d0gbuqlfph173cwx3jkm2 0 9914 139071 108119 2026-09-23T02:28:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139071 wikitext text/x-wiki '' 'Franz R. Friedl' '', nanone ku izina ry'irihimbano '' Jacques Renée '' (* 30 Gicurasi [[1892]] muri [[Oberkappel]], [[Ositiriya]]; † 5 Ukuboza [[Essen]]<ref>[https://kipdf.com/regionalinformation-rund-um-oberkappel_5ab8059e1723dd379cc4706e.html Oberkappler Zeitung - Regionalinformation rund um Oberkappel (Ausgabe September 2013) Seite 17hafi ya Oberkappel, Nzeri 2013, p. 17.]</ref>), yari umunya Otirishiya [[gucuranga inanga]], [[umuhimbyi]] na [[uwahimbye film]]. [[Dosiye:FranzR.Friedl.jpg|thumb|right|Franz R. Friedl]] == Ubuzima nakazi == Umuhungu wa [[Küfer]] yize amashuri yisumbuye hanyuma ahabwa amahugurwa yubuhanzi na Rosé, [[Carl Flesch]] na [[Hugo Kaun]]. Friedl yaciye akora akazi ko gutunganya ibitaramo muri Dortmund na Dresden. Kuva mu 1923 kugeza 1926, Franz Friedl yari umucuranzi w'inanga muri [[Teatro Colón]] i [[Buenos Aires]] [[Arijantine]], kuva mu 1927 wo muri Otirishiya yo hejuru, akaba yaranakoresheje izina ry'irihimbano Jacques Renée inshuro nyinshi, akora nk'umuhimbyi wigenga kandi ahimba umuziki wa chambre, kurengana, no kwidagadura kuva 1933 nabyo umuziki wa firime. Muri Gatatu ya Reich Friedl yari umwe mu bahimbyi ba sinema bakoreshwa cyane mu Budage kandi yanakoze firime nyinshi zo kwamamaza no [[anti-Semitism (kugeza 1945) | anti-Semitike]] firime zitera nka pseudo-documentaire '' [[The Umuyahudi w'iteka]] '' irahari.<ref>[https://ibitabo&q=franz%2018=kuri-12]</ref><ref>[https://ibitabo.google.de/ibitabo?id=oSp1BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&dq=franz+r.+imyaka&q=franz% 20r. Wochenschau]]</ref>. Friedl yanditse kandi amanota menshi ya firime yumuco na documentaire. Mu myaka ya mbere ya [[DEFA]] Friedl yakoraga kandi muri societe ya gikomunisiti. Mu 1951, uwahimbye ahanini yarangije imirimo ye ya firime. [[Ubuholandi]] [[Björn Stenvers]] numwuzukuru wumukobwa we wenyine.<ref>[https://kipdf.com/regionalinformation-rund-um-oberkappel_5ab8059e1723dd379cc4706e.html Oberkappler Zeitung - Regionalinformation rund um Oberkappel (Ausgabe September 2013) Seite 17hafi ya Oberkappel, Nzeri 2013, p. 17.]</ref> [[Dosiye:Violine-Museum_für_Kunst_und_Gewerbe_Hamburg-2012.89.tif|thumb|Violine kimwe bikoresho bya muzika yakurangaga ]] == Amashusho ya firime == <div style = "inkingi-ubugari: 30em; inkingi-kubara: 2;"> * 1932: [[Ubushake bwa Dr. Mabuse]] ([[Das Testament]]) * 1933: Bya chamois na ibex (Von Gemsen und Steinböcken) * 1933: Inguge (Affenstreiche) * 1933: [[abo bahanganye mu kirere]] ([[Rivalen der Luft]]) * 1934: Kuva Königsberg kugera Berchtesgaden (Von Königsberg bis Berchtesgaden) * 1934: Sura aho bafungiye (Besuch im Karzer) * 1934: [[Wilhelm Bwira]] ([[Wilhelm Tell]]) * 1934: Inyubako nziza cyane kuva mubushinwa. Amashusho kuva [[Beijing]] (Wunderbauten aus Chinas Kaiserzeit. Bilder aus Peking) * 1934: [[Ikigo cya Hubertus]] ([[Schloß Hubertus]]) * 1934: Ibyerekeye amakoti yumukara (Von Schwarzkitteln und Schauflern) * 1935: [[Umuyaga mushya uturuka muri Kanada]] () * 1935: Abyssinia uyumunsi - isi yibandaho (documentaire) (Abessinien von heute) * 1935: [[Gushyigikira societe]] ([[Stützen der Gesellschaft]]) * 1935: Mu gihugu cya Widukind (Im Lande Widukinds) * 1935: Uwera numuswa we (Die Heilige und ihr Narr) * 1935: Itara rya Hangover (Kater Lampe) * 1935: Jonny, haute-couture * 1936: [[Ukwezi kwa buki]] ([[Flitterwochen]]) * 1936: Annemarie * 1937: Spreehafen Berlin (Spreehafen Berlin) * 1937: Kamera ihiga kashe (Kamerajagd auf Seehunde) * 1938: [[Inyenyeri zirabagirana]] ([[Es leuchten die Sterne]]) * 1938: Sanatori yubukwe (Das Ehesanatorium) * 1938: gukundana no gukunda (Liebelei und Liebe) * 1938: Umutima ushaje ujya murugendo (Altes Herz geht auf die Reise) * 1938: [[Rätsel der Urwaldhölle]] * 1938: Kuva kuri nyirinzu hamwe no gukodesha ku nyanja (Vom Hauswirt und Mieter auf dem Meeresgrund) * 1938: [[Umwami wa Edelweiss (1939) | Umwami wa Edelweiss]] ([[Der Edelweißkönig]]) * 1939: Agakiza ntagatifu! Ubuzima bw'abarobyi mu turere tw’Ubudage (Petri Heil! Fischerleben in deutschen Gauen) * 1939: Arinka ([[URSS]], Lenfilm) ([[Arinka]] ([[USSR]], [[Lenin]]film)) * 1939: [[Ikizira (1939) | Ikizira]] ([[Das Ekel]]) * 1940: [[Intambara yo muri Noruveje]] ([[Kampf um Norwegen]]) * 1940: [[Umuyahudi uhoraho]] (poropagande yuzuye "film documentaire") ([[Der ewige Jude]]) * 1941: Ikiyaga cya Neusiedl (filime ngufi) (Der Neusiedler See) * 1942: Tugiye mu Budage (Geheimnisvolle Moorwelt) * 1942: Isi Yamayobera (Filime ngufi) * 1943: Ubuzima bwabantu kumpera ya Sahara (film documentaire ngufi) (Volksleben am Rande der [[yo muri Sahara]] [[Afurika]]) * 1943: Welt im Kleinsten (filime ngufi) * 1944: Impinduka itagaragara (Der unsichtbare Schlagbaum) * 1944: [[Hamagara umutimanama]] ([[Ruf an das Gewissen]]) * 1949: [[Igice cya gatanu]] ([[Quartett zu fünft]]) * 1950: Umuyobozi w'akarere Anna (Bürgermeisterin Anna) * 1950: Ubuzima buva mu cyuzi (Leben aus dem Teich) * 1951: Berlin irongera iraza (Berlin kommt wieder) * 1951: Amasoko ya Berlin (Die Brunnen von Berlin) * 1951: [[gari ya moshi idasanzwe]] ([[Zugverkehr unregelmäßig]]) * 1951: [[Ntabwo ikora idafite Gisela]] ([[Es geht nicht ohne Gisela]]) * 1958: [[imiyoboro]] ([[Kanaillen]]) </div> == Ubuvanganzo == * [[Herbert A. Frenzel]], [[Hans Joachim Moser]] (Iv.): ' Ikinamico, opera, firime, radio. Ubudage, Otirishiya, Ubusuwisi. '' De Gruyter, Berlin 1956, {{DNB | 010075518}}, p. 188. * Johann Caspar Glenzdorf: '' Amagambo mpuzamahanga ya Glenzdorf. Igitabo cyerekana ubuzima bwa firime zose. '' Umubumbe wa 1: '' A - Heck. '' Icyamamare-Filmverlag, Bad Münder 1960, {{DNB | 451560736}}, p. 447. * Jürgen Wölfer, Roland Löper: Amagambo akomeye y'abahimbyi ba firime, Schwarzkopf & Schwarzkopf, Berlin 2003, p. 175 * [[Das Deutsche Führerlexikon]], Verlaganstalt Otto Stollberg, GmbH., Berlin 1934, p. 134. * Konrad Vogelsang: Umuziki wa firime muri Reich ya gatatu: Inyandiko (Urukurikirane rw'umuziki). FACTA Oblita Verlag GmbH, Hamburg 1990, imp. 267, 313, 253, 163, 157, 154, 150, 144, 145, 113, 111, 99, 96, 89, 85, 76. {{ISBN|9783926827289}} * Flachowsky, S., Stoecker, H. Kuva Amazone kugera Iburasirazuba. Ingendo zurugendo naba geografiya [[Otto Schulz-Kampfhenkel]] (1910–1989). Vienne: Böhlau Verlag: 2011, p. 1938) == Urubuga rwa interineti == * [https://oberkappel.topothek.at/?doc=168255 Franz René Friedl hafi ya Oberkappel (integuro ya Nzeri 2013) urupapuro rwa 17] * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0295066/] == Ibimenyetso bya buri muntu == [[Category:Uwahimbye (Ubudage)]] [[Category:Uwahimbye Filime]] [[Category:Abanya Australiya]] [[Category:Yavutse 1892]] [[Category:Yapfuye 1977]] [[Category:Umugabo]] [[Category:Rwanda]] 4mi5u7sauknq6m1gofoauo0l8btldog 0 9940 139380 92288 2026-09-23T09:10:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139380 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fred Swaniker - PopTech 2015 - Camden, Maine.jpg|thumb]] '''Fred Swaniker''' (1976) ni rwiyemezamirimo wo muri [[Gana]] akaba n'inzobere mu iterambere ry'ubuyobozi. Yatangije imiryango ine igamije guteza imbere abayobozi, cyane cyane muri Afrika. Niwe washinze ishuri rikuru rya [[African Leadership University(ALU)|African]] Leadership Academy na kaminuza ya [[Afurika|Afrika]] y'Ubuyobozi ifite icyicaro i Kigali, mu Rwanda. Niwe kandi washinze umuyoboro nyafurika wo kuyobora hamwe na [https://www.experiencegla.com/ Global Leadership Adventures] . == Ubuzimwa bwe bwahambere == Se ni umunyamategeko n'umucamanza. Afite imyaka ine, byabaye ngombwa ko ahunga [[Gana]] nyuma yo guhirika ubutegetsi. Mbere yimyaka cumi n'umunani avutse, yabaga mubihugu bine bya Afrika <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04j9syx</ref> . Amashuri ye yayize muri Macalester College muri Minnesota. Nyuma yaje gukora mu kigo ngishwanama cya McKinsey & Company i Johannesburg mbere yo gukora impamyabumenyi ya MBA i Stanford, muri Californiya. Arangije amasomo ye, yamenyekanye cyane nka Arjay Miller Scholar amumenya ko ari mu 10% ba mbere mu itsinda ry’abanyeshuri beza mu ishuri rye.[[Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubukungu n’Umurimo wa Leta uyobowe na Perezida w’Uburusiya|Ishuri]] ryigisha ubuyobozi nubuhanga bwo kwihangira imirimo kubanyeshuri baturutse muri [[Afurika|Afrika]] yose, kubategurira no kwiga kaminuza. . Kuva muri 2017, abayobozi bagera ku 1.000 bazaza mu ishuri. Ku banyeshuri benshi, amafaranga y'ishuri avanwaho kugira ngo basezerane gukorera muri Afurika nyuma y'amasomo yabo <ref name="Barret">https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/23/africa-brain-drain-tech-ebiz-cz_vb_0526africa.html?sh=3bee758814c7</ref> .Muri 2014, mu nama ya TED yabereye muri Berezile, Swaniker yatangaje ko yaguye icyerekezo cye: umuyoboro mushya wa kaminuza 25 zo muri Afurika uzahugura abayobozi miliyoni 3 muri 2060 <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/11/06/fred-swaniker-nous-construisons-l-universite-du-futur-en-afrique_4804731_3212.html</ref> , <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/277371/economie/fred-swaniker-le-secteur-prive-peut-aider-lafrique-a-entrer-dans-leconomie-mondiale-du-savoir/</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lesclesdedemain.lemonde.fr/economie/fred-swaniker-pour-sortir-de-la-pauvrete-en-afrique-il-faut-investir-dans-nos-cerveaux-_a-90-5604.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-26 |archive-date=2018-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827210107/https://lesclesdedemain.lemonde.fr/economie/fred-swaniker-pour-sortir-de-la-pauvrete-en-afrique-il-faut-investir-dans-nos-cerveaux-_a-90-5604.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> .Kuva mu 2016 hafunguwe ibigo bibiri : imwe muri Maurice naho iya kabiri mu Rwanda muri [[Kigali]]. Ikinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika cyihuta cyagaragaje uyu muyoboro w’ishuri na kaminuza nkimwe mu masosiyete agezweho muri Afurika. Byongeye kandi, itangazamakuru CNN ryerekanye uyu mushinga nka Havard yo muri Afurika <ref>https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190718-fred-swaniker</ref> , <ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/06/africa/fred-swaniker-teacher-leadership-africa/index.html</ref> . Graca Machel wahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburezi muri Mozambike akaba n’umupfakazi wa Nelson Mandela, yabaye umuyobozi wa kaminuza naho [[Donald Kaberuka]] wahoze ari Perezida wa Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere, ari mu nama y’ubuyobozi. == Umwuga == Mu masomo ye i Stanford, yanditse gahunda yubucuruzi yo gushinga ishuri : Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuyobozi Nyafurika. Ishuri rifite pan-nyafurika rigamije guhugura abayobozi bakeneye Afurika muri iki gihe Yemeza ko imwe mu feri nyamukuru ku iterambere rya Afurika ari ukutagira ubuyobozi bubi mu ntore ziriho ubu <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16342145</ref> . Bitewe n’imikoranire ye yateje imbere muri Californiya mu kibaya cya Silicon, yashoboye kubona inkunga maze atangiza ishuri akimara kurangiza Stanford mu 2004 <ref name="Barret2">https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/23/africa-brain-drain-tech-ebiz-cz_vb_0526africa.html?sh=3bee758814c7</ref> . Ishuri ryigisha ubuyobozi nubuhanga bwo kwihangira imirimo kubanyeshuri baturutse muri Afrika yose, kubategurira no kwiga kaminuza. . Kuva muri 2017, abayobozi bagera ku 1.000 bazaza mu ishuri. Ku banyeshuri benshi, amafaranga y'ishuri avanwaho kugira ngo basezerane gukorera muri Afurika nyuma y'amasomo yabo <ref name="Barret3">https://www.forbes.com/2008/05/23/africa-brain-drain-tech-ebiz-cz_vb_0526africa.html?sh=3bee758814c7</ref> .Muri 2014, mu nama ya TED yabereye muri Berezile, Swaniker yatangaje ko yaguye icyerekezo cye: umuyoboro mushya wa kaminuza 25 zo muri Afurika uzahugura abayobozi miliyoni 3 muri 2060 <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2015/11/06/fred-swaniker-nous-construisons-l-universite-du-futur-en-afrique_4804731_3212.html</ref> , <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/277371/economie/fred-swaniker-le-secteur-prive-peut-aider-lafrique-a-entrer-dans-leconomie-mondiale-du-savoir/</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lesclesdedemain.lemonde.fr/economie/fred-swaniker-pour-sortir-de-la-pauvrete-en-afrique-il-faut-investir-dans-nos-cerveaux-_a-90-5604.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-01-26 |archive-date=2018-08-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180827210107/https://lesclesdedemain.lemonde.fr/economie/fred-swaniker-pour-sortir-de-la-pauvrete-en-afrique-il-faut-investir-dans-nos-cerveaux-_a-90-5604.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> . uva mu 2016 hafunguwe ibigo bibiri : imwe muri Maurice naho iya kabiri mu Rwanda muri [[Kigali]]. Ikinyamakuru cyo muri Amerika cyihuta cyagaragaje uyu muyoboro w’ishuri na kaminuza nkimwe mu masosiyete agezweho muri Afurika. Byongeye kandi, itangazamakuru CNN ryerekanye uyu mushinga nka Havard yo muri Afurika <ref>https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20190718-fred-swaniker</ref> , <ref>https://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/06/africa/fred-swaniker-teacher-leadership-africa/index.html</ref> .Graca Machel wahoze ari Minisitiri w’uburezi muri Mozambike akaba n’umupfakazi wa Nelson Mandela, yabaye umuyobozi wa kaminuza naho [[Donald Kaberuka]] wahoze ari Perezida wa Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere, ari mu nama y’ubuyobozi. == Amahuza yo hanze == * [https://www.ted.com/talks/fred_swaniker_the_leaders_who_ruined_africa_and_the_generation_who_can_fix_it?language=fr Vuga kuri TED] * [https://www.linkedin.com/in/fred-swaniker-3a6382/ Incamake kuri Linkedin] == References == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi wishuri]] [[Ikiciro:Umushoramari]] [[Ikiciro:Ishuri]] 0yhdbovfr9n84uzhkhs4z5v8gdad85f 0 9977 139072 135963 2026-09-23T02:28:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139072 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Murenzi Romain''' yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1959 Afite ubwenegihugu bwa [[Amerika|America]], ni umuhanga mu isomo ry'ubugenge (Physics), yahoze ari minisitiri w'ubumenyi (science) mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amashuri == Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza yakuye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Burundi</ref> mu 1982. Mu mwaka 1986 yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu cya Kaminuza (Master) muri Physics muri Kaminuza Gatolika ya Louvain ([[:en:Université_catholique_de_Louvain|Université catholique de Louvain]]) mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] maze mu mwaka 1990 ahakura impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. . Muri 2013 yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko mu ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho muri kaminuza ya [[:en:University_of_Strathclyde|Strathclyde]] (UK). == Amateka y'akazi == Murenzi yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa TWAS (The World Academy of Sciences)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World_Academy_of_Sciences</ref>, muguteza imbere siyanse mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere i Trieste<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trieste</ref>, mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]<ref>http://www.twas.org/article/murenzi-appointed-twas-executive-director</ref>. Yatangiye gukora kuri uwo mwanya kuva muri mata 2011 kugeza Gicurasi 2016. Nyuma yamaze amezi 14 ari umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubumenyi na politiki no kongera ubushobozi "Natural Sciences sector for UNESCO in [[Paris]]" mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], yagarutse ku mirimo ye nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa TWAS muri Nzeri 2017. Murenzi yabaye umwarimu w'ubugenge muri kaminuza ya [[:en:Clark_Atlanta_University|Clark Atlanta]] (USA) kuva 1993 kugeza 2001, akaba n'umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubugenge kuva 1999 kugeza 2001. Muri 2001, perezida w'u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] yamugize Minisitiri w'uburezi, ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi n'itumanaho. Kuva muri Werurwe 2006 kugeza Nyakanga 2009, yabaye minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida ushinzwe ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga, ubushakashatsi n'itumanaho. Nk'uko urubuga rwa [[:en:Science_and_Development_Network|SciDev.net]] rubitangaza ngo Minisitiri Murenzi yagize uruharinmuguteza imbere ubumenyi bwa siyansi mu gihugu<ref>http://www.scidev.net/global/capacity-building/news/romain-murenzi-appointed-as-next-twas-director.html</ref>.Ku rwego mpuzamahanga, hamwe nabandi bahanga nka [[:en:Andrea_Zitolo|Andrea Zitolo]] na [[:en:Bai_Chunli|Bai Chunli]],yashyigikiraga umwuga w'abashakashatsi bakiri bato muri Siyanse<ref>https://twas.org/article/murenzi-named-key-policy-post-unesco</ref><ref>https://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/en/events/esy-2017-energies-and-synergies</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2009, yavuye mu Rwanda ajya kuba umuyobozi w'ishyirahamwe ry'abanyamerika rishinzwe guteza imbere Ubumenyi ([[:en:American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science|American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS]]) ikigo cy'ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n'iterambere rirambye, ryibanda cyane cyane ku bihugu biri mu inzira y'amajyambere<ref>http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2010/0813murenzi.shtml</ref>. Yatorewe kuba umwe mubagize TWAS mu 2005 n’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi nyafurika ('''African Academy of Sciences''') muri 2012<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Academy_of_Sciences</ref>. Yabaye kandi umwarimu wasuye muri kaminuza ya [[:en:University_of_Maryland|Maryland]]. Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwa Murenzi bwibanze ku gushyira mu bikorwa imiyoboro myinshi ikomeza ihinduka ([http://unsdsn.org/about-us/people/romain-murenzi/ Quantum mechanics]); gutunganya amafoto n'amashusho, siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] ai009gx7w5quqx23xxc2h1j9eqtplbn 0 10017 139104 120482 2026-09-23T02:32:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139104 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mitchells-plain-schoolkids.jpg|thumb|Ishuri ryabana Muri cape toun ]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda Classroom edited.png|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Flickr - usaid.africa - Basic education programs build skills for the future in Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Early Childhood Education USAID Africa.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Uburezi.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ahazaza.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Sugar Interface.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:SugarLab.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Gukosora abanyeshuri.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Wiki clubs closing ceremony 08.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Wiki clubs closing ceremony 48.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Abanyeshuri.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Diego Suarez Antsiranana urban public primary school (EPP) Madagascar.jpg|thumb]] '''Uburezi muri Afurika y’Epfo''' bugengwa n’amashami abiri y’igihugu, ari yo ishami ry’uburezi bw’ibanze (DBE)<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Basic_Education</ref>, rishinzwe amashuri abanza n’ayisumbuye, n’ishami ry’Amashuri makuru n'Amahugurwa (DHET), rishinzwe amashuri makuru n’imyuga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_education</ref> amahugurwa. Mbere ya 2009, ayo mashami yombi yari ahagarariwe mu ishami rimwe ry'uburezi.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_school</ref>Ishami rya DBE rivuga ku mashuri ya Leta, amashuri yigenga (nanone ishami ryita amashuri yigenga ), ibigo byita ku bana bato (ECD), n'amashuri akeneye bidasanzwe. Amashuri ya leta hamwe n’ishuri ryigenga bizwi hamwe nk’ishuri risanzwe, hafi 97% y’amashuri yo muri Afrika yepfo.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Education_(South_Africa)</ref>Ishami rya DHET ryita ku yandi mashuri makuru n’amahugurwa (FET) ubu azwi ku izina rya Tekiniki n’imyuga n’imyuga (TVET).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_education</ref>amashuri makuru y’ibanze akuze n’amahugurwa (ABET), n’ibigo by'amashuri makuru (HE).<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_education</ref>Intara icyenda zo muri Afrika yepfo nazo zifite amashami y’uburezi ashinzwe gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’ishami ry’igihugu no gukemura ibibazo byaho.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_South_Africa</ref>Mu mwaka wa 2010, gahunda y’ibanze y’uburezi yari igizwe n’abanyeshuri 12,644.208, amashuri 30.586, n’abarimu 439.394. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150928051110/http://www.education.gov.za/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=VlqIdHT7qZ8%3D&tabid=93&mid=1952</ref> Muri 2009, amashuri makuru n’amahugurwa yari agizwe n’abanyeshuri 837.779 bo mu bigo bya HE, abanyeshuri 420.475 bo mu bigo bya FET bigenzurwa na leta na 297.900 mu bigo bigenzurwa na leta.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130927135637/http://www.info.gov.za/view/DownloadFileAction?id=137426</ref>Muri 2013, leta ya Afrika yepfo yakoresheje 21% yingengo yigihugu mu burezi. Hafi ya 10% yingengo yuburezi ni ayisumbuye. == Imiterere na Mabwiriza == Ishami ry’uburezi bw’ibanze riyobowe n’umuyobozi mukuru, Hubert Mathanzima Mweli, Amabwiriza yaryo ikorwa na minisitiri Angie Motshekga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angie_Motshekga</ref> na minisitiri wungirije Reginah Mhaule<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginah_Mhaule</ref>. Ishami ry’Amashuri Makuru n'Amahugurwa riyobowe n'umuyobozi mukuru, Gwebs Qonde, Amabwiriza yaryo ikorwa na minisitiri Blade Nzimande <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blade_Nzimande</ref>na minisitiri wungirije Buti Manamela.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buti_Manamela</ref>Inzego zombi ziterwa inkunga n’imisoro ya leta. Ishami ry’uburezi bwibanze ryishyura igice cyimishahara yabarimu mumashuri ya leta, ariko amashuri yigenga aterwa inkunga wenyine. Amashuri ya leta arashobora, mubihe bimwe, kuzuza amafaranga yabo binyuze mumisanzu y'ababyeyi. . Mubisanzwe Inteko Nyobozi y'Ishuri (SGB) ishinzwe gukusanya inkunga mumashuri. Inteko Nyobozi y'Ishuri mumashuri abanza igizwe n'ababyeyi, abarimu n'abakozi bunganira. Mu mashure yisumbuye, igizwe n'ababyeyi, abarimu, abakozi bunganira n'abiga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_government</ref> == Sisitemu yuburezi bwibanze (amashuri abanza nayisumbuye) Afurika yepfo == DBE yashyize kumugaragaro amanota mubice bibiri "bande" yiswe Uburezi Rusange n'Amahugurwa (GET), ikubiyemo icyiciro cya 0 wongeyeho icyiciro cya 1 kugeza ku cya 9, hamwe n'Amashuri Makuru n'Amahugurwa (FET), akubiyemo icyiciro cya 10-12 kimwe no kutari hejuru amashuri yimyuga yimyuga. KUBONA (Itsinda rusange ryigisha no guhugura) rigabanijwemo "icyiciro" cyitwa Icyiciro cya Fondasiyo (icyiciro cya 0 wongeyeho icyiciro cya 1 kugeza ku cya 3), Icyiciro cyo hagati (icyiciro cya 4 kugeza ku cya 6), nicyiciro cya mbere (icyiciro cya 7 kugeza 9) .Imiterere yubuyobozi bwibigo byinshi bisanzwe muri Afrika yepfo ntibigaragaza kugabana amatsinda nibice. Kubwimpamvu zamateka, amashuri menshi ni "amashuri abanza" (icyiciro cya R wongeyeho icyiciro cya 1 kugeza 7) cyangwa "amashuri yisumbuye", bizwi kandi nkayisumbuye (icyiciro cya 8 kugeza 12). == Amanota atemewe == [[Dosiye:Grouping of South African school grades into phases, bands and schools.png|thumb|Ubururu: AMASHURI ABANZA Umutuku : AMASHURI YISUMBUYE ]] Amashuri amwe yo murugo hamwe nishuri ryigenga bitanga amahitamo yo kurangiza umwaka wongeyeho nyuma yicyiciro cya 12, rimwe na rimwe bizwi nkicyiciro cya 13 cyangwa "post-matric". Gahunda y’ishuri rya leta ya Afrika yepfo ntabwo ifite icyiciro cya 13, ariko igize igice cyamasomo atari muri Afrika yepfo rimwe na rimwe agakurikirwa namashuri yigenga muri Afrika yepfo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130927223524/http://www.love2learn.co.za/about7.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.rosewaywaldorf.co.za/learning/high-school/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2022-02-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214161224/http://www.rosewaywaldorf.co.za/learning/high-school/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Icyiciro cya Fondasiyo ya DBE gikubiyemo icyiciro kibanziriza ishuri kizwi ku izina rya R, "kwakira". Icyiciro cya R ni itegeko, ariko ntabwo amashuri abanza yose atanga amanota R. Grade R nayo ishobora kwitabira amashuri abanza. Ayandi manota ashobora kurangirira mumashuri abanziriza ishuri harimo icyiciro cya 00 nicyiciro cya 000 (nubwo amazina ya 000 na 00 adakoreshwa kwisi yose). Icyiciro cya R rimwe na rimwe cyitwa Grade 0 (bisobanurwa ngo "grade naught"), <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140226124222/http://www.sprogs.co.za/resources/kids-questions-answers/child-%e2%80%98school%e2%80%99-gr-000-send-he%e2%80%99s-6-turning-7-gr-1</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20140222201657/http://www.sprogs.co.za/resources/kids-questions-answers/is-there-a-difference-between-gr-0-and-gr-00</ref>cyane cyane mumashuri yera mbere, aho imikoreshereze yahoze ari rusange. == Ikigereranyo cy'abiga == Raporo y’ibarurishamibare ya DBE yo mu mwaka wa 2010 (yasohotse mu 2012), ugereranyije hari abiga 30 kuri buri mwarimu, 480 biga ku ishuri, n’abarimu 16 ku ishuri. Umubare w'abiga kuri buri mwarimu urasa hafi mu ntara zose, ariko ikigereranyo cy'abiga kuri buri shuri kiratandukanye kuri buri ntara. Kurugero, i Gauteng hari abiga 800 kuri buri shuri na 28 mwishuri, mugihe muburasirazuba bwa Cape hari 350 biga kuri buri shuri na 12 mwishuri.I mibare ivuguruye ya 2013 (yatangajwe muri 2015) irahari.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.gov.za/sites/www.gov.za/files/Education%20Statistic%202013.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2017-05-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170516181632/http://www.gov.za/sites/www.gov.za/files/Education%20Statistic%202013.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amafaranga yishuri hamwe nibisohoka == Amashuri yo muri Afrika yepfo ahabwa inkunga na reta kubikorwa byayo, nko kubungabunga ikibanza, amafaranga yubuyobozi, umushahara, ibitabo nibikoresho byuburezi, nibikorwa bidasanzwe. Amashuri menshi yuzuza inkunga ya leta hamwe nandi masoko yinjiza, nkamafaranga yishuri yishyurwa nababyeyi, ibikorwa byo gukusanya inkunga, no kwakira impano. Mubisanzwe, amafaranga yishuri abuza abana bakennye kwiga amashuri akize. Nta karimbi k'amafaranga ishuri rishobora gushiraho. Ababyeyi barashobora gusaba ishuri kugirango bagabanye amafaranga yishuri cyangwa igice. Amashuri menshi akize atanga ubufasha bwamafaranga kumubare muto wabanyeshuri (urugero, niba ababyeyi barangije), ariko ntabwo byemewe n'amategeko<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/government/schoolfees.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2021-01-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123213510/https://www.etu.org.za/toolbox/docs/government/schoolfees.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130128084627/http://www.southafrica.info/about/education/schooling-231106.htm</ref>.Abana bo mumashuri yo muri Afrika yepfo basabwa kugura no kwambara imyenda yishuri nubwo akenshi bishoboka kubigura. Amashuri menshi atanga ibikorwa bidasanzwe nkimikino itandukanye nibikorwa byumuco, bisaba amafaranga yo kubungabunga. Amashuri menshi agumana ibibuga byayo by'imikino. Ingano y'inkunga itangwa na leta igenwa ahanini n'urwego rw'ubukene bw'abaturanyi iryo shuri riherereyemo, ndetse n'ubushomeri ndetse n'uburere rusange bw'abaturage muri ako gace. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amashuri yo mu turere dukize cyane agomba gukusanya amafaranga menshi ahandi kugirango akomeze uburinganire bumwe, ariko amashuri yo mu turere dukize akenshi usanga yinjiza menshi cyane kuburyo amashuri yabo ari menshi cyane kuruta ayandi mashuri akize. Ingano yinkunga ya leta kumwana biterwa na "quintille" yishuri. Muri 2009, amashuri yo muri quintille 1 (abakene cyane) na quintille 2 yakiriye R807 na R740 kumwana kumwaka, naho amashuri yo muri quintille 4 na quintile 5 (abakire) yakiriye R404 na R134 kumwana kumwaka. Amashuri yo muri quintile 1-3 arashobora gusaba gutondekwa nkishuri "Ntamafaranga"; 5% by'amashuri yose ni quintille 5, naho 15% mumashuri yose ni quintille 4. <ref>http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/Policy_Brief_7.pdf</ref> == Icyigeranyo cy'amafaranga y'ishuri == Amashuri ntasabwa gutangaza amafaranga yishuri kumugaragaro, kandi amashuri menshi arabihisha, ariko hano hari ingero zamafaranga yishuri mumashuri atari ayigenga muri Afrika yepfo. * Umuturirwa muremure, Bellville: R15200 kumwana kumwaka <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030743/http://www.settlers.org.za/assets/circular/2012/schoolfees_2013.pdf</ref> * Urwibutso rwa Parike, Kraaifontein: R9000 ku mwana ku mwaka<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130703053824/http://hsmp.co.za/home.html?http%3A%2F%2Fhsmp.co.za%2Fskoolfonds.html</ref> == Amafaranga y'ishuri Kubakene == Amashuri ntashobora kwanga kwinjira mubana batuye hafi yishuri. Amashuri ntashobora kwanga kwinjira mubana cyangwa kwanga gutanga amakarita ya raporo nubwo ababyeyi babo birengagije kwishyura amafaranga yishuri, ariko amashuri yemerewe kurega ababyeyi kubera ko batishyuye amafaranga yishuri. Kuva mu 1996, abana bafite ababyeyi bakennye cyane basonewe mumashuri amwe cyangwa yose. Kuva mu 1998, formula niyi ikurikira. Niba amafaranga yinjiza hamwe nababyeyi ari munsi yikubye inshuro icumi amafaranga yishuri yumwaka, umwana asonewe byemewe n'amategeko. <ref>http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/Policy_Brief_7.pdf</ref>Niba amafaranga yinjiza arenze inshuro icumi amafaranga yishuri ariko munsi yikubye inshuro mirongo itatu yishuri, umwana afite uburenganzira bwo kugabanyirizwa amafaranga yishuri. Mubikorwa, ayo mabwiriza afasha imiryango ikennye cyane, ntabwo ari abakozi bakora nimiryango iciriritse.Imfubyi n'abana b'ababyeyi bahabwa inkunga zishingiye ku bukene na bo basonewe amafaranga y'ishuri.<ref>http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/Policy_Brief_7.pdf</ref> Kuva mu 2006, Ishami ry’Uburezi ritanga uburyo bukurikira ku bakene 40% b’ishuri. Niba ishuri ritishyuye amafaranga yishuri, ishami ryuburezi ryongera inkunga kugirango ryuzuze amafaranga yishuri. Ubusanzwe byari biteganijwe kongera iyi nkunga kumashuri akennye cyane 60% mumwaka wa 2009. Inkunga ireba gusa abana bo mu itsinda rya GED, kandi abana bifuza kurangiza icyiciro cya 10-12 bagomba kwishyura amafaranga yose.Mu mwaka wa 2008, abiga bagera kuri miliyoni 5 mu mashuri 14.264 bungukiwe na gahunda y'ishuri rya No Fee, kandi benshi muri bo bari mu burasirazuba bwa Cape, KwaZulu-Natal na Limpopo. Ntabwo amashuri yose yujuje ibyangombwa byo kuyikoresha. == Amashuri yigenga == Amashuri yigenga, azwi kandi nk'ishuri ryigenga, ni amashuri adafite leta. Mubisanzwe bafite kandi bigakorwa nicyizere, itorero cyangwa umuryango, cyangwa nisosiyete iharanira inyungu. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For-profit_corporation</ref>Amashuri yigenga yose yo muri Afrika yepfo ntabwo yishyuza amashuri yisumbuye. Amashuri amwe yigenga nayo ahabwa inkunga na leta, bitewe nabaturage bakorewe hamwe namafaranga yatanzwe == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburezi|Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] n6ns9b37ujly6mqsur59nwnre2dju68 0 10020 139328 119577 2026-09-23T07:47:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139328 wikitext text/x-wiki Gahunda ya Burse ya Leta ya '''[[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Koreya]]''', cyangwa '''KGSP''', ni buruse yo kwiga iterwa inkunga kandi igacungwa n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe uburezi mpuzamahanga (NIIED), ishami rya minisiteri y'uburezi muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya y'Epfo). <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_for_International_Education_(NIIED)</ref> NIIED itanga buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS) ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bwa gahunda zingoboka zo guhanahana amasomo hagati ya Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo) nibihugu mpuzamahanga. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bwa porogaramu, kandi byombi ni ibya GKS. == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS == Ibi ni ugushyigikira imyigire y'abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri kaminuza zo muri koreya (haba mucyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza n'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za buruse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) == Nukugoboka abanyeshuri ba koreya biga mumahanga (urwego rwa nyuma). Iyi ni imwe muri gahunda nyinshi za bourse ya Global Korea Scholarship (GKS). == Urutonde rwa Gahunda ya GKS == Usibye gahunda ebyiri zavuzwe haruguru, hariho gahunda zitandukanye zo gutumira abanyeshuri mpuzamahanga muri Repubulika ya Koreya (Koreya yepfo), zose zikaba ari "Global [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Korea]] Scholarship (GKS * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) * Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya yo kwiga mumahanga (KGSPSO) * Gahunda y'Ubutumire bwa Guverinoma ya Koreya ku bihugu by'abafatanyabikorwa * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri b’ivunjisha * Gahunda yo Gushyigikira Guverinoma ya Koreya kubanyeshuri baterwa inkunga * GKS kubanyeshuri ba ASEANI Yubumenyi nubuhanga * Gahunda ya GKS Impeshyi kubanyeshuri bo muri Afrika na Latine * Porogaramu yo Guhana Abanyeshuri muri Koreya n'Ubuyapani == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga == Gahunda ya buruse ya leta ya koreya kubanyeshuri mpuzamahanga (KGSPIS) itanga "abatari abanyakoreya" n " abanyakoreya bo mumahanga (bujuje ibisabwa) "inkunga n amahirwe yo gukora amasomo yisumbuye cyangwa ayisumbuye muri kaminuza [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|ya Repubulika ya Koreya]] (Koreya yepfo) ). Byaba bikenewe na kaminuza cyangwa abahawe buruse bifuza, barashobora kubona infashanyo yinyongera yo kwiga ururimi rwigikoreya. Kuva yashingwa mu 1967, abanyeshuri barenga 3.000 baturutse mu bihugu 148 barangije neza gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter">http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html</ref>.I yi gahunda yagenewe gutumira impano mpuzamahanga muri Koreya yepfo, no guhuza intiti mumico na societe ya koreya. Niba byemewe, buri muhanga asanzwe amara umwaka umwe muri Koreya yepfo yiga ururimi rwigikoreya, agakurikirwa na gahunda ya kaminuza yimyaka 2 - 4, bitewe nurwego rwabo. Muri 2015, abanyeshuri 820 baturutse mu bihugu 162 bakiriwe muri gahunda ya buruse. <ref name="NIIED June 2015 Newsletter2">http://hdonair.com/2015_06_niied/int_01.html</ref> Icyakora, intiti 270 zananiwe kubona impamyabumenyi yazo mu myaka ya 2011 - 2015, zerekana inzitizi z’ururimi n’umuco. <ref>http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20150908001110</ref>.Buri ntiti iterwa inkunga na leta ya koreya muburyo bwamafaranga ya buri kwezi. Abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 800.000 KRW ku kwezi mugihe abanyeshuri barangije bahabwa 900.000 KRW ku kwezi. Mubyongeyeho, NIIED itanga indege kubanyeshuri no kuva mugihugu cyabo mugitangira no kurangiza gahunda. Amafaranga atangwa nandi mafaranga nayo ahabwa buri muhanga. <ref name="NIIED KGSP Info2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Inkunga ya Porogaramu y'ururimi rwa koreya == Mbere yo gutangira impamyabumenyi zabo, intiti za KGSP zirasabwa gufata umwaka umwe w’indimi zikomeye mu kigo cyagenewe ururimi. Intiti zose zirasabwa kubona byibuze urwego rwa 3 (intermediate) mugupimisha ubumenyi muri koreya (TOPIK) mbere yuko bakomeza amasomo yabo. <ref name="TOPIK Guide">{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126172513/http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nk’uko NIIED ibivuga, urwego rwa 3 rwa TOPIK rutuma umuntu "akora imirimo y’ibanze y’indimi zikenewe mu gukoresha ibikoresho rusange no gukomeza imibanire myiza. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/2015/02/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2015-09-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901083202/http://www.topikguide.com/2015/02/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> .Igihe gisanzwe kuri gahunda yururimi ni umwaka umwe, ariko irashobora kurekurwa, kugabanywa cyangwa kwagurwa bitewe n ibisubizo bya TOPIK. Intiti zabonye mbere ya TOPIK ya 5 cyangwa 6 (zateye imbere) zisonewe gahunda yindimi, kandi zirasabwa guhita zitangira amasomo. Niba intiti ibonye TOPIK 5 cyangwa 6 mugihe cyamezi atandatu yambere ya gahunda yururimi, noneho basabwa gutangira amasomo yabo mugihembwe gitaha, bakagabanya igihe cyabo mumashuri atandatu. Byongeye kandi, intiti zananiwe kugera kuri TOPIK 3 nyuma yumwaka umwe wiga ururimi ntizishobora gukomeza amasomo yabo, kandi zigomba gukora andi mezi atandatu yo kwiga ururimi mukigo cyindimi zabo. <ref>https://www.educanada.ca/scholarships-bourses/can/fga_korea-bge_coree.aspx?lang=eng</ref> Abanyeshuri ntibashobora kuva muri Koreya yepfo mugihe cyururimi kugirango bashobore kwibanda kumyigire yabo. Ariko, ibintu bidasanzwe birakorwa mugihe cyihutirwa nibibazo byumuryango.Ikigo cyindimi cyagenwe na NIIED kandi ntigishobora guhinduka. <ref name="TOPIK Guide2">{{Cite web |url=http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2016-01-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126172513/http://www.topikguide.com/niied-korean-government-scholarship-program-kgsp-2015/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibigo byindimi birimo amashuri nka kaminuza ya Keimyung na kaminuza ya Dongseo, kandi mubisanzwe mumujyi utandukanye nishuri ryatoranijwe muri gahunda yimpamyabumenyi. Ibi biha buri muhanga amahirwe yo gusuzuma imijyi myinshi yo muri Koreya yepfo.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya D-4 yo kwiga ururimi. <ref name="Visa">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga ya Impamyabumenyi ya Kaminuza == Mugihe cyo gusaba, intiti zihitamo porogaramu na kaminuza kuri gahunda zabo zidashobora guhinduka, bikabuza ibihe bikabije. Gahunda ya buruse igenera imyaka ine intiti zikurikirana [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga]], imyaka ibiri y'icyiciro cya [[:en:Bachelor's_degree|gatatu cya kaminuza]] n'imyaka itatu kuri [[:en:PhD|PhD]]. Impamyabumenyi isabwa kuri buri ntiti ishingiye kuri gahunda yabo na kaminuza.Intiti zifite TOPIK urwego rwa 5 cyangwa zirenga zihabwa 100.000 KRW buri kwezi kumafaranga yabo ya buri kwezi mugihe cyo kwiga. Amafaranga yinyongera ahabwa intiti mubyiciro byubushakashatsi.<ref name="NIIED KGSP Info3">{{Cite web |url=http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-14 |archive-date=2018-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180731093521/http://www.niied.go.kr/eng/contents.do?contentsNo=78&menuNo=349 |url-status=dead }}</ref>.Abadafite viza yo gutura basabwa kugira viza ya [[:en:List_of_South_Korean_visas#D_visas|D-2]] kugirango bakomeze.<ref name="Visa2">http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/en/sub/overseas_info/guide/guide_visa.do</ref> == Inkunga y'inyongera == Usibye gutera inkunga y'ishuri, amafaranga yo kubaho no kwiga ururimi rwa koreya, hepfo hazashyirwa ahagaragara na leta ya koreya ''* Ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima bw'igihugu'' ''* Itike yindege hagati yigihugu cyigihugu na [[Koreya y’Amajyepfo|Repubulika ya Koreya]] (rimwe)'' == Ibihugu byitabiriye == Kugeza 2014, abaturage baturutse mu [[:en:Citizens|bihugu]] 157 barashobora gusaba KGSP. Menya ko urutonde rwibihugu ruvugururwa buri mwaka, ariko ibihugu byinshi kwisi birimo. {| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" !List of Countries with KGSP Quotas | |- |[[Afuganisitani|Afghanistan]] |[[Alubaniya|Albania]] |[[Aligeriya|Algeria]] |[[Angola]] |- |[[Ositaraliya|Australia]] |[[Ositiriya|Austria]] |[[Azeribayijani|Azerbaijan]] |[[Bahirayini|Bahrain]] |- |[[Belarusi|Belarus]] |[[Ububiligi|Belgium]] |[[Bene|Benin]] |[[Butani|Bhutan]] |- |[[Burezile|Brazil]] |[[Buruneyi|Brunei]] |[[Bulugariya|Bulgaria]] |[[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]] |- |[[Kameruni|Cameroon]] |[[Kanada|Canada]] |[[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Central African Republic]] |[[Shili|Chile]] |- |[[Kosita Rika|Costa Rica]] |[[Kote Divuwari|Cote d'Ivoire]] |[[Korowatiya|Croatia]] |[[Cekiya|Czech Republic]] |} == Kaminuza zujuje ibisabwa == Muri 2014, kaminuza 60 zagenwe na NIIED nkibigo byujuje ibyangombwa byo kwiga icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza. <ref name="Guidebook">http://www.international.ucla.edu/media/files/2014-KGSP-Guideline-3a-3xh.pdf</ref> === Ibyo Wareba === [[:en:Scholarships_in_Korea|Scholarship in KOREA]] [[:en:Education_in_South_Korea|Education in SOUTH KOREA]] === External links === [http://www.studyinkorea.go.kr/ Study in korea] [https://web.archive.org/web/20130712184536/http://niied.go.kr/ National Institute for International Education (NIIED)] == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] 5d0w6x6ihzj48fp1qlm5vml6d7xx167 0 10028 139194 103289 2026-09-23T04:07:28Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Eagle at Ankeny Wildlife Refuge by Sarah Buys (8272126745).jpg|thumb]] Wildlife Conservation ni inyoni yo mu bwoko bw'inyamanswa ariko ikaba izwuho kurinda ubwoko bwayo n’inyamanswa n’aho atuye hagamijwe kubungabunga amoko y’ibinyabuzima cyangwa abaturage ndetse no kugarura, kurinda cyangwa kuzamura [[:en:Ecosystem|urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima]] . Ikibazo gikomeye kibangamiye inyamaswa zirimo [[:en:Habitat_destruction|gusenya aho gutura]], kwangirika, gucikamo ibice, gukoresha cyane, guhiga, guhumana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. [[Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi|IUCN]] ivuga ko amoko 27.000 y’ibisuzumwa afite ibyago byo kuzimira. Kwiyongera ku moko yose ariho, raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu 2019 ivuga ku [[:en:Biodiversity|binyabuzima]] yashyize iyi mibare hejuru cyane ku bwoko bwa miliyoni. Birashimangirwa kandi ko umubare w’ibinyabuzima byiyongera ku isi birimo amoko yangiritse bigenda bicika. Kugira ngo ibyo bibazo bikemuke, habaye ingufu za leta ndetse n’amahanga mu kubungabunga inyamaswa zo ku isi. Amasezerano akomeye yo kubungabunga ibidukikije arimo Amasezerano yo mu 1973 [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|y’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga ku bwoko bw’inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n’ibimera]] (CITES) [[:en:Convention_on_Biological_Diversity|n’amasezerano yo mu 1992 y’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye]] (CBD). <ref name=":62">https://www.cites.org/eng/disc/what.php</ref> <ref name=":72">https://www.cbd.int/history/default.shtml</ref> Hariho kandi imiryango myinshi [[:en:Non-governmental_organization|itegamiye kuri leta]] (ONG) igamije kubungabunga ibidukikije nko [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|kubungabunga ibidukikije]], [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|ikigega cy’ibinyabuzima ku isi]], ndetse no [[:en:Conservation_International|kubungabunga ibidukikije]] . == Itotezwa ku nyamaswa == [[Dosiye:Lacanja_burn_crop.JPG|alt=|thumb|Ishyamba ryatwitse ubuhinzi mu majyepfo ya [[Megizike|Mexico]] .]] [[:en:Habitat_destruction|Kurimbuka]] gutura bigabanya umubare wibinyabuzima bishobora guturamo. [[:en:Habitat_fragmentation|Gutandukana kw'imiturire]] bisenya inzira ikomeza guturamo, akenshi igabanya inyamaswa nini zo mu gasozi mo utuntu duto duto. <ref name=":12">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> [[:en:Habitat_loss|Gutakaza abantu gutura]] no gucikamo ibice nibyo bintu nyamukuru bigabanuka no kuzimangana. Ingero zingenzi zo gutakaza aho abantu batuye harimo gutema amashyamba, [[:en:Agricultural_expansion|kwagura ubuhinzi]], no [[:en:Urbanization|mumijyi]] . Kurimbuka kw'imiturire no gucikamo ibice birashobora kongera kwibasirwa n’ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi mu kugabanya umwanya n’umutungo bahabwa no kongera amakimbirane n’abantu. Byongeye kandi, gusenya no gucamo ibice bitera ahantu hato. Ahantu hatuwe hashyigikira abaturage bake, kandi abaturage bake barashobora kuzimira. <ref name=":22">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198783398</ref> == Kurenza urugero /Overexploitation == [[Dosiye:Giant Haasts eagle attacking New Zealand moa.jpg|thumb|giant eagle attacking other ]] [[:en:Overexploitation|gukabya]] ni ugusarura inyamaswa n'ibimera ku kigero cyihuta kuruta ubushobozi bw'ubwoko. Mugihe gikunze guhuzwa no [[:en:Overfishing|Kuroba]] cyane, kurenza urugero bishobora gukoreshwa mumatsinda menshi arimo inyamaswa z’inyamabere, inyoni, amphibian, ibikururuka hasi, n'ibimera. <ref>https://www.nwf.org/Home/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Threats-to-Wildlife/Overexploitation</ref> Akaga ko gukabya gukabije ni uko niba hafashwe abantu benshi cyane b'ubwoko, ubwo bwoko ntibushobora gukira. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://enviroliteracy.org/ecosystems/drivers-of-biodiversity-loss/overexploitation/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-16 |archive-date=2021-04-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429171901/https://enviroliteracy.org/ecosystems/drivers-of-biodiversity-loss/overexploitation/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kurugero, kuroba cyane amafi yinyamaswa zo mu nyanja nka tuna na salmon mu kinyejana gishize byatumye igabanuka ry’amafi kimwe n’amafi. <ref name=":122">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> == Guhiga Inyamanswa == [[:en:Poaching|Guhiga]] [[:en:Wildlife_trading|ubucuruzi bw’inyamanswa]] butemewe n’iterabwoba rikomeye ku bwoko bumwe na bumwe, cyane cyane bugeramiwe n’imiterere yabyo ifite agaciro mu bukungu. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.fws.gov/international/travel-and-trade/illegal-wildlife-trade.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-16 |archive-date=2021-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210408110120/https://www.fws.gov/international/travel-and-trade/illegal-wildlife-trade.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubwoko nk'ubwo burimo inyamabere nini nini nk'inzovu zo muri Afurika, ingwe, n'inkura. [yacuruzaga ku [[:en:Ivory_trade|matako]], uruhu, n'amahembe bikurikiranye]. <ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/illegal-wildlife-trade</ref> Intego nke zizwi cyane zo guhiga zirimo gusarura ibihingwa bikingiwe ninyamaswa zo kwibuka, ibiryo, uruhu, amatungo, nibindi byinshi; Kuberako ba rushimusi bakunda kwibasira amoko yugarijwe kandi yangirika, guhiga bitera abaturage bake kugabanuka cyane. == Kwica Inyamaswa == Kwica ni ukwica nkana no guhitamo kwica inyamaswa za leta kubwimpamvu zitandukanye. Urugero rwibi ni ukwica inyoni, aho gahunda ya "control [[:en:Shark_culling|shark]] " muri [[:en:Queensland|Queensland]] na New South Wales (muri [[Ositaraliya]] ) yahitanye ibihumbi n’ibihumbi, hamwe [[:en:Turtle|n’inyenzi]], [[:en:Dolphin|dolphine]], [[:en:Whale|balale]], n’ubuzima bwo mu nyanja . <ref name="afd_au">http://www.afd.org.au/news-articles/queenslands-shark-control-program-has-snagged-84000-animals</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20181002102324/https://www.marineconservation.org.au/pages/shark-culling.html "Shark Culling". marineconservation.org.au. Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved January 4, 2019.</ref> <ref>https://hsi.org.au/blog/2016/12/08/shark-nets-death-traps-for-marine-animals/ Morris, Jessica (December 8, 2016). "Shark Nets – Death Traps For Marine Animals". hsi.org.au. Retrieved January 4, 2019.</ref> Gahunda ya Queensland "shark control" yonyine yishe inyanja zigera ku 50.000 - yica kandi inyamaswa zo mu nyanja zirenga 84.000. <ref>https://www.news.com.au/technology/science/animals/aussie-shark-population-is-staggering-decline/news-story/49e910c828b6e2b735d1c68e6b2c956e ''Aussie Shark Population In Staggering Decline.'' NewsComAu. 14 December 2018. Retrieved September 4, 2019.</ref> <ref name="afd_au" /> Hariho kandi ingero z'abaturage bica muri Amerika, nka [[:en:Conservation_of_American_bison|bison muri Montana]] hamwe na swans, ingagi, n'impongo i New York n'ahandi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140305-culling-badgers-deer-bison-swans-ethics-conservation/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-16 |archive-date=2014-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309014351/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140305-culling-badgers-deer-bison-swans-ethics-conservation |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref name="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4693205/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4693205</ref> == Umwuka mubi == Ubwoko butandukanye [[:en:Pollutant|bwanduye]] bugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwibinyabuzima. Kubintu bimwe bihumanya, guhura byoroshye [[Dosiye:Deepwater_Horizon_Oil_Spill_-_Gulf_of_Mexico.jpg|alt=|thumb|Kureba mu kirere BP Amazi ya Horizon yamenetse muri 2010.]] birahagije kugirango byangiritse (urugero: imiti yica udukoko). Kubandi, binyuze mu guhumeka (urugero: imyuka ihumanya ikirere) cyangwa kuyifata (urugero ibyuma byuburozi). Umwanda uhindura amoko atandukanye muburyo butandukanye kuburyo umwanda mubi kuri umwe ushobora kutagira ingaruka kubindi. * '''Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere''' : [[:en:Air_pollution|Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere]] bituruka ku gutwika ibicanwa n’ibisohoka mu nganda. Izi zigira ingaruka zitaziguye kandi zitaziguye ku buzima bwibinyabuzima ndetse nibidukikije. Kurugero, urugero rwinshi rwa okiside ya [[:en:Sulfur_oxide|sulfuru]] (SO _x ) irashobora kwangiza ibimera no guhagarika imikurire yabyo. <ref>https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/sulfur-dioxide-basics</ref> Okiside ya sulfure nayo igira uruhare mu mvura ya aside, ikangiza urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo ku isi ndetse n’amazi. Ibindi bihumanya ikirere nka [[:en:Smog|umwotsi]], [[:en:Tropospheric_ozone|ozone yo ku butaka]], hamwe nuduce duto tugabanya ubwiza bwikirere. * '''Ibyuma biremereye''' : Ibyuma biremereye nka [[:en:Arsenic_poisoning|arsenic]], [[:en:Lead_poisoning|isasu]], na [[:en:Mercury_poisoning|mercure]] mubisanzwe bibaho kurwego rwo hasi mubidukikije, ariko iyo byinjijwe mukigero kinini, birashobora kwangiza ingingo na kanseri. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783764383398</ref> Ukuntu ari uburozi biterwa nicyuma nyacyo, ingano yatewe, ninyamaswa zayiriye. Ibikorwa byabantu nko gucukura, gushonga, gutwika ibicanwa, hamwe ninganda zitandukanye zagize uruhare mukuzamuka kwicyuma kiremereye mubidukikije. * '''Imiti yuburozi''' : Hariho amasoko menshi yanduza imiti yubumara harimo amazi mabi yinganda, isuka ryamavuta, hamwe nudukoko twangiza. Hano hari imiti myinshi yubumara kuburyo hariho ningaruka nyinshi zingaruka zubuzima. Kurugero, imiti yica udukoko hamwe nudukoko tumwe na tumwe twinganda ni [[:en:Special:BookSources/9783764383398|imyanda ihumanya]] . Ibyo bihumanya biramba kandi birashobora gutera kanseri, indwara zimyororokere, ibibazo byumubiri, nibibazo bya sisitemu. <ref>https://www.who.int/foodsafety/areas_work/chemical-risks/pops/en/</ref> == Imihindagurikire y’ibihe/climate change == Abantu bafite uruhare runini mu [[:en:Climate_change|ihindagurika ry’ikirere]] muri iki gihe rihindura ibidukikije ku isi. Bifitanye isano na bimwe mubyavuzwe haruguru bibangamira inyamanswa nko [[:en:Habitat_destruction|gusenya aho gutura]] no guhumana. Kwiyongera k'ubushyuhe, gushonga urubura, guhindura imiterere yimvura, [[:en:Drought|amapfa akomeye]], [[:en:Heat_wave|imivumba]] ikunze kugaragara, ubukana bwumuyaga, hamwe n’inyanja izamuka ni zimwe mu ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>https://climate.nasa.gov/effects</ref> Fenomena nk'amapfa, ubushyuhe, umuyaga mwinshi, hamwe [[:en:Sea_level_rise|n'izamuka ry'inyanja]], biganisha ku gusenya aho gutuye. Hagati aho, ikirere gishyuha, imvura ihindagurika, n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere bizagira ingaruka ku bwoko. Muri rusange, ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zongera ibibazo ku binyabuzima, kandi amoko adashobora guhangana n’imihindagurikire yihuse azashira. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1200303</ref> Mu gihe imihindagurikire y’ikirere igezweho iterwa n’abantu, [[:en:Paleoclimatology|ibihe by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere]] byabayeho bisanzwe bituma abantu barimbuka. == Kubungabunga ubwoko Bwinyamanswa == [[Dosiye:Leatherback_Sea_Turtle_(17665415746).jpg|thumb|Inyenzi zo mu nyanja ( ''Dermochelys coriacea'' )]] Bigereranijwe ko, kubera ibikorwa byabantu, ibipimo byokuzimangana kurubu bikubye inshuro 1000 kurenza igipimo cyo [[:en:Background_extinction_rate|kuzimangana (igipimo]] gisanzwe cyo kuzimangana kibaho nta ngaruka zindi). <ref>https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1246752</ref> Nk’uko [[:en:IUCN_Red_List|IUCN]] ibigaragaza, mu moko yose yasuzumwe, abarenga 27.000 bafite ibyago byo kuzimira kandi bagomba kubungabungwa. <ref name=":42">https://www.iucnredlist.org/en</ref> Muri byo, 25% ni inyamaswa z’inyamabere, 14% ni inyoni, naho 40% ni amphibian. <ref name=":42" /> Ariko, kubera ko amoko yose atigeze asuzumwa, iyo mibare irashobora kuba myinshi. Raporo y’umuryango w’abibumbye yo mu mwaka wa 2019 isuzuma ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ku isi ikwirakwiza amakuru ya IUCN ku moko yose kandi igereranya ko miliyoni imwe ku isi ishobora kuzimira. <ref>https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report</ref> <ref>https://www.ipbes.net/system/tdf/spm_global_unedited_advance.pdf?file=1&type=node&id=35245</ref> Nyamara, kubera ko amikoro ari make, rimwe na rimwe ntibishoboka guha amoko yose akeneye kubungabungwa neza. Guhitamo amoko yo kubungabunga ni umurimo wukuntu hafi yo kuzimangana ubwoko, niba ubwoko ari ingenzi kubinyabuzima butuyemo, nuburyo tubyitayeho.   == Kubungabunga ibidukikije /Habitat conservation == [[Dosiye:Red-cockaded_woodpecker_feeding_young_(5806270700).jpg|thumb|upright|Igiti gitukura ( ''Picoides borealis'' )]] [[:en:Habitat_conservation|Kubungabunga]] imiturire nigikorwa cyo kurinda aho gutura <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thesamajh.in/Protect_WildLife_The_Samajh.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-16 |archive-date=2022-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220129072225/https://www.thesamajh.in/Protect_WildLife_The_Samajh.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> hagamijwe kurinda amoko arimo. <ref name=":123">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> Ibi rimwe na rimwe biba byiza kwibanda ku bwoko bumwe cyane cyane iyo ubwoko buvugwa bufite aho busaba cyane cyangwa bukaba butuye hamwe nandi moko menshi yangirika. Iyanyuma ikunze kugaragara kubinyabuzima bibera ahantu [[:en:Biodiversity_hotspot|hashyushye h’ibinyabuzima]], akaba ari uturere tw’isi dufite ubwinshi bw’ibinyabuzima byanduye (ubwoko butaboneka ahandi ku isi). <ref>https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35002501</ref> Byinshi muribi bishyushye biri mu turere dushyuha, cyane cyane amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha nka Amazone. Kubungabunga imiturire mubisanzwe bikorwa mugushira ahantu harinzwe nka parike yigihugu cyangwa ibidukikije. Nubwo mugihe agace kadakozwe muri parike cyangwa kubigenewe, birashobora gukurikiranwa no kubungabungwa. == Uburyo bwo kubungabunga == === Gukurikirana inyamaswa zo mu gasozi === [[Dosiye:Asiatic_Wild_Dogs_(44187676292).jpg|thumb|Gukurikirana idahwitse ya [[Dhole|dhole ningirakamaro]] mubumenyi kubijyanye no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Ubushakashatsi burakenewe mubutayu bwubushinwa.]] Gukurikirana ibinyabuzima by’inyamanswa nigice cyingenzi cyo kubungabunga ibidukikije kuko bituma abayobozi bakusanya amakuru ajyanye n’ibinyabuzima byugarije ndetse no gupima imikorere y’ingamba zo gucunga. Gukurikirana birashobora kuba hafi, uturere, cyangwa intera-mugari, kandi birashobora gushiramo umwe cyangwa benshi batandukanye. Ibipimo bikunze gukusanywa mugihe cyo gukurikirana harimo umubare wabaturage, ikwirakwizwa ry’akarere, hamwe nubwoko butandukanye, nubwo ibindi bipimo byinshi bishobora gukoreshwa. Uburyo bwo gukurikirana bushobora gushyirwa mubice nka "direct" cyangwa "indirect". Uburyo butaziguye bushingiye ku kubona cyangwa kumva inyamaswa mu buryo butaziguye, mu gihe uburyo butaziguye bushingira ku "bimenyetso" byerekana ko inyamaswa zihari. Ku binyabuzima byo ku isi, uburyo busanzwe bwo gukurikirana burimo kwitegereza bitaziguye, ibimenyetso-gufata, guhinduranya, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibihinduka. Uburyo butaziguye burimo sitasiyo, kubara fecal, kuvanaho ibiryo, gufungura cyangwa gufunga ibifungura-gufungura, kubara, kubara, amakarita ya knockdown, inzira ya shelegi, cyangwa kwitabira guhamagara amajwi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/37910/PDF |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-16 |archive-date=2020-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213062155/https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/download/37910/PDF |url-status=dead }}</ref>For large, terrestrial vertebrates, a popular method is to use camera traps for population estimation along with mark-recapture techniques. This method has been used successfully with tigers, black bears and numerous other species.<ref>https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-5436-5?noAccess=true</ref><ref>https://doi.org/10.2192%2FURSU-D-16-00030.1</ref> [[:en:Remote_camera|Trail cameras]] can be triggered remotely and automatically via sound, infrared sensors, etc. [[:en:Computer_vision|Computer vision]]-based animal individual re-identification methods have been developed to automate such ''sight-resight'' calculations.<ref name="Schneider Taylor Kremer 2020 p.">https://doi.org/10.1109%2Fwacvw50321.2020.9096925</ref><ref name="Wang Ding Zhai Zhang 2021 pp. 1–1">https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021ITIP...30.2837W</ref> Mark-recapture methods are also used with genetic data from non-invasive hair or fecal samples.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232679082</ref> Such information can be analyzed independently or in conjunction with photographic methods to get a more complete picture of population viability. Referances <references /> [[Ikiciro:Engagment in CONSRVATION]] [[Ikiciro:Bioderversity]] 1coz0ml72q6yw4zggmlc9d8xkvuktc2 0 10041 139073 136266 2026-09-23T02:28:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139073 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ian Mackenzie High School Classroom.jpg|thumb|Uburezi budaheza.]] '''Uburezi bw'umugore''' ni ijambo rifatika ry'ibibazo byinshi n'impaka zijyanye n'uburezi ( [[:en:Primary_education|amashuri abanza]], [[:en:Secondary_education|amashuri yisumbuye]], [[:en:Health_education|amashuri makuru]], ndetse n'ubuzima bw'umwihariko) ku bakobwa n'abagore. Bikunze kwitwa '''uburere bw'abakobwa cyangwa uburere''' '''bw'umugore.''' Harimo ibice [[:en:Gender_equality|by'uburinganire]] no kugera ku burezi. Uburezi bw'abagore n'abakobwa ni isano ikomeye yo kurwanya ubukene. Ingingo nini zifitanye isano zirimo [[:en:Religious_education|kwigisha igitsina kimwe nuburere]] [[:en:Religious_education|bw’amadini]] kubagore, aho uburezi bugabanijwemo uburinganire. Ubusumbane mu burezi bw’abakobwa n’abagore buragoye: abagore n’abakobwa bahura n’inzitizi zitagaragara zo kwinjira mu ishuri, urugero, ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore cyangwa kubuza abakobwa kujya ku ishuri, mu gihe ibindi bibazo biri kuri gahunda kandi bitagaragara neza, urugero, [[:en:Female_education_in_STEM|siyanse, ikoranabuhanga, ubwubatsi n imibare (STEM)]] uburezi butandukanye bushinze imizi, ndetse no muburayi no muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru|Amerika ya ruguru]]. <ref name=":8">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231002335</ref> Mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe by’iburengerazuba, abagore barenze abagabo mu nzego nyinshi z’uburezi. Kurugero, muri Reta zunzubumwe z'amerika muri 2005/2006, abategarugori babonye 62% by'impamyabumenyi, 58% by'impamyabumenyi, 60% by'impamyabumenyi, na 50% bya dogiteri.<ref>http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d07/tables/dt07_178.asp</ref> === Akamaro k' uburezi bw' uwana w' unukobwa === Kurera [[umwana]] w' umukobwa ni ugushyigikira iterambere ry' igihugu n' umugabane muri rusange, madamu [[Jeannette Kagame|Jeanette KAGAME]] umufasha wa Perezida wa repuburika y' u [[Rwanda]] akaba n' umuyobozi wa Imbuto Foundation yabigarutseho mu nama y' urubyiruko ya YouleadAfrica, yabereye i Arusha muri [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]] mumpera za 2021 ahayabivuze mu magamba ya Tajudeen Abdul-Raheem agira ati" Biragoye kubona isi nziza utitaye k' iterambere ry' umugore" kandi rero nta terambere ridashingiye k' uburezi n' uburere. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220930115552/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yasabye-ko-uburezi-bw-abakobwa-buhabwa-umwihariko-mu</ref> == Ibibazo muburezi == [[Dosiye:International Women's Day (15647601976).jpg|thumb|Abagore bo muri Pakistani bakorewe ihohoterwa bari gukina ikinamico.]] === Ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore === Muri [[Pakisitani]], habonetse umubano mubi hagati yurwego rusanzwe rwuburezi umugore ageraho ndetse n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa uwo mugore (Nyuma, 2013). Umushakashatsi yakoresheje urubura rworoshye, uburyo bwo gutoranya aho abitabiriye. Ibibazo byimyitwarire nibanga byatumye ubu buryo bworoshye. Uwatanze amakuru yagize uruhare runini mu gukusanya amakuru hanyuma agenzurwa. Icyitegererezo cy’abakorewe ihohoterwa cyari kigizwe n’abagore bubatse kuva ku myaka 18-60 haba mu cyaro no mu mijyi. Ubushakashatsi bwasobanuye uburyo butandukanye bwihohoterwa rishingiye ku mubiri risanzwe rihari kandi ritanga igitekerezo cy’ibyo abagore banyuramo, ndetse no mu baturage (icyaro n’umujyi). Uburezi muri ubu bushakashatsi bwashimangiwe ko ari igisubizo kandi gikenewe mu gukuraho ihohoterwa. Ikiganiro cyimbogamizi za politiki n’imibereho kirakenewe. <ref>https://hdl.handle.net/10419%2F188100</ref>Umubano uragoye cyane kuruta uko bigaragara, abagore barashobora kutamenya gusoma no kwandika ariko bagakomeza imbaraga (Marrs Fuchsel, 2014). Abimukira Latina Abagore (ILW) bagize uruhare mu bushakashatsi bwujuje ibyiciro 8 kugeza ku 10 bitabiriye amahugurwa, kandi barangiza gahunda y'ibyumweru 11 bishingiye ku kwihesha agaciro, kumenyekanisha ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo, n'imibanire myiza. Abimukira Latina Abagore (ILW) nitsinda ryibasiwe cyane n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo. Nubwo iyi gahunda yabereye hanze yishuri gakondo, ibiganiro, gutekereza kunegura, no kumererwa neza mumarangamutima byarashimangiwe, ahantu hagomba kuboneka mugihe mwishuri. Ubwanyuma, nubwo benshi mubagore batazi gusoma no kwandika baracyashoboye kuvamo bafite imbaraga zo kugenzura ubuzima bwabo, ubuhanga bwubuzima. <ref>https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1064075</ref> === Ubushobozi bw'umugore === Sisitemu yuburezi iratandukanye mubuyobozi, integanyanyigisho n'abakozi, ariko byose bigira ingaruka kubanyeshuri bakorera. Nkuko abagore babonye uburenganzira, uburezi busanzwe bwabaye ikimenyetso cyiterambere nintambwe igana ku buringanire. Kugirango uburinganire nyabwo bubeho, hagomba gufatwa inzira yuzuye. Ikiganiro cyimbaraga zumukobwa nuburere bwumugore nkigisubizo cyo gukuraho ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore no guterwa nubukungu kubagabo rimwe na rimwe bishobora gufata umwanya munini bikavamo guhagarika kumva uburyo imiterere, amateka nibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kubagore (Khoja-Moolji, 2015). Kurugero, mugihe umunyamabanga wa leta wahozeho, [[:en:Hillary_Clinton|Hillary Clinton]], yavuze ku byago bya [[:en:Malala_Yousafzai|Malala Yousafzai]] muri Pakisitani ndetse n’abakobwa bashimuse i Chibok, muri [[Nijeriya]] nk’ikigereranyo, bakoresheje uburezi bw’abakobwa nkibibandwaho, amateka n’imiterere. Icyatumye iraswa rya Malala ryagabanutse kuba gusa yiyigisha nk'umukobwa. Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika kwivanga, ubukene, na ruswa na guverinoma ntibyakemuwe. <ref>https://doi.org/10.1080%2F15595692.2015.1010640</ref> Sisitemu yuburezi hamwe n’ishuri bigira uruhare runini mu kumenya inyungu z’abakobwa mu masomo atandukanye, harimo n’amasomo yimibare ubutabire na tekinologi, ashobora kugira uruhare mu kongerera ubushobozi abagore mu gutanga amahirwe angana yo kubona no kungukirwa n’uburezi bufite ireme. <ref name=":82">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789231002335</ref> == Ubwoko bwihariye bwuburezi == === Kwigisha ikoranabuhanga === [[Dosiye:Figure 4 Progress towards gender parity Reading the past writing the future.svg|thumb|Ibipimo by'uburinganire mu bipimo byo gusoma no kwandika mu karere, 1990–2015. Iterambere ryerekeranye n'uburinganire mu gusoma no kwandika ryatangiye nyuma ya 1990.]] Ikwirakwizwa rya [[:en:Technology|tekinoloji]] ya sisitemu na serivisi za digitale byatumye ubumenyi bwa digitale busabwa kugira uruhare rugaragara muri [[:en:Society|sosiyete]]. Uyu munsi, kudashobora kuyobora [[:en:Internet|interineti]] bitera ingaruka. Mugihe izo mbogamizi zigeze kuba zimwe mubihugu bikize, ubu zifite akamaro [[:en:Globalization|kwisi yose]], kubera ikwirakwizwa ryihuse kandi rikomeje kwikoranabuhanga rya enterineti. <ref name=":9">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf</ref>Guha ibikoresho [[:en:Woman|abategarugori]] [[:en:Health|nabakobwa]] bafite ubumenyi bwa digitale bifasha kubashyira muburyo bungana nabagabo bazi imibare, kandi bikingura amahirwe atabarika yo kongera ibigo no guhitamo. [[:en:Health|Urubuga]] hamwe na porogaramu zigendanwa [[Ubuzima|kubuzima]] [[:en:Natural_rights_and_legal_rights|nuburenganzira bwemewe]], kurugero, birashobora gufasha abagore gufata ibyemezo byokwirinda no kwita kuri bo ubwabo nimiryango yabo, mugihe imbuga nkoranyambaga hamwe [[:en:Digital_communications|n’itumanaho rya digitale]] bituma abagore bakwirakwiza amakuru kandi bagasangira ubumenyi burenze aho batuye.<ref name=":92">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf</ref> Amahirwe yo [[:en:M-learning|kwiga]] kuri interinet, kuva kuri porogaramu yo [[:en:Literacy|gusoma no kwandika]] kugeza kumurongo wa interineti ( [[:en:MOOCs|MOOCs]] ) kubyerekeye amasomo atandukanye nka [[:en:Astronomy|astronomie]] no kwita kuri [[bene]] wabo bakuze bafite ikibazo cyo guta umutwe, birashobora gufungura inzira nshya yuburezi, cyane cyane kubakobwa batiga ndetse nabagore bakuze. <ref>https://www.wired.com/2015/10/why-siri-cortana-voice-interfaces-sound-female-sexism/</ref> Imashini zishakisha akazi hamwe nu mbuga za interineti zumwuga zituma abagore bahatanira [[:en:E-commerce|isoko ryumurimo]], mugihe [[:en:Income|e-ubucuruzi]] hamwe na serivise za banki zikoreshwa muburyo bwa banki birashobora kubafasha kongera [[:en:Income|ubwigenge]] no kwigenga. <ref name=":93">https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000367416.pdf</ref> == Uburezikubabana Nubumuga == Uburezi ku bagore bamugaye nabwo bwateye imbere. Muri 2011, Giusi Spagnolo abaye umugore wa mbere urwaye Syndrome ya Down yarangije kaminuza i [[Burayi]] (yarangije muri kaminuza ya Palermo mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]). <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lastampa.it/2011/03/22/italia/a-palermo-la-favola-della-down-diventata-dottoressa-RK1UzN9gPjq5siRois5ApO/pagina.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-02-21 |archive-date=2019-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190404195817/https://www.lastampa.it/2011/03/22/italia/a-palermo-la-favola-della-down-diventata-dottoressa-RK1UzN9gPjq5siRois5ApO/pagina.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130925122858/http://www.lottimista.com/2011/04/18/giusi-spagnolo-la-prima-laureata-down-d%E2%80%99italia/</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] kujcmugvab52hng0dluco4zb7kn1rkx 0 10103 139292 120642 2026-09-23T07:42:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb| Ibidukikije bya Gicumbi|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Mt Uluguru and Sisal plantations.jpg|thumb]] '''Green Gicumbi''' ni umushinga watangijwe na reta y'u[[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ' wo Gushimangira no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu ntara y'amajyaruguru, ni umushinga w’imyaka itandatu wa leta watangijwe ku wa 26 Ukwakira 2019 na Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]], ibinyujije muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ikigega cy’ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] (FONERWA). ukaba ugamije gushimangira no guhangana [[Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buhinzi|n'ihunduka]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130826204243/http://climate/ change.gov.rw</ref> ry'ikirere mu Karere ka Gicumbi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131003153/https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/rwanda-to-launch-major-green-growth-investment-to-strengthen-climate-resilience-in-gicumbi-district-1 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp073 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-03-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317204006/https://www.greenclimate.fund/project/fp073 |url-status=live }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/01/green-gicumbi-invests-rwf1-6billion-in-model-village/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127021414/https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/01/green-gicumbi-invests-rwf1-6billion-in-model-village/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Mulindi13.jpg|thumb|Climate exposures in Gicumbi|165x165px]] == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Opaque and mirroring green paddy fields with palm tree.jpg|thumb|163x163px|Ibishanga bitunganyijwe]] Mu mwaka wa 2018, imibare yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] Isuzuma ry’imihindagurikire y’ibihe hamwe na Raporo Yanyuma Raporo y’igihugu yerekanye ko mu Ntara y’Amajyaruguru, Gicumbi yashyizwe ku mwanya wa mbere mu ngaruka zishobora guterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/project-background |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-04-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416192944/http://fonerwa.org/greengicumbi/project-background |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321195325/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu mwaka 2019, guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yakusanyije inkunga ingana na miliyoni 32 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu kigega cy’ibihe by’ikirere kugira ngo ishyire mu bikorwa umushinga witwa "Gushimangira guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu baturage bo mu cyaro cy’u[[Rwanda]]" ryerekanaga umushinga wa Green Gicumbi. Umushinga wakozwe n'ikigega cy'igihugu gishinzwe ibidukikije-FONERWA. <ref name="fonerwa">{{Cite web |url=http://www.fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Green_Climate_Fund_Green_Gicumbi_Information_Note_2019.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207084703/http://fonerwa.org/sites/default/files/2021-06/Green_Climate_Fund_Green_Gicumbi_Information_Note_2019.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2022-03-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220321195325/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwf30-billion-climate-resilience-project-launched-gicumbi |url-status=live }}</ref>Uyu mushinga w'imyaka itandatu wibanda cyane cyane ku kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere hongerwa ubushobozi bwo kurwanya imihindagurikire, ndetse no kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Uyu mushinga ukorera mu mirenge icyenda igizwe n’[[imidugudu]] igera kuri 252 iri mu gice cya Muvumba B kandi ikagenerwa abagenerwabikorwa 150.000 na 380.000 mu buryo butaziguye. Imirenge ikubiye mu mushinga ni Rubaya, Cyumba, Kaniga, Mukarange, Rushaki, Shangasha, Manyagiro, Byumba na Bwisige. <ref>https://mwamba.rw/2022/01/27/green-gicumbi-project-is-expected-to-boost-economic-development/</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/06/16/see-25-photos-showing-the-implementation-of-the-green-gicumbi-project-18-months-after-its-launch/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-03-22 |archive-date=2021-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210727115118/https://www.topafricanews.com/2021/06/16/see-25-photos-showing-the-implementation-of-the-green-gicumbi-project-18-months-after-its-launch/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Dosiye:IMG nyarurama.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti ni zimwe mungamba zagezweho mukurengera ibidukikije mu Rwanda|159x159px]] == Ibimaze kugerwa == [[Dosiye:Igiti 5123.jpg|thumb|Igiti|160x160px]] [[Dosiye:Minister Biruta visits Green Fund investments - 25445558145.jpg|thumb|164x164px|Amaterasi]] Umushinga Green Gicumbi uteza imbere ubuhinzi bwihanganira ingaruka zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe binyuze mu guca amaterasi y’indinganire no gutera ibiti n’ibyatsi bivangwa n’imyaka, gusazura amashyamba, kubaka imidugudu y’icyitegererezo hagamijwe gutuza abaturage heza n’ibindi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/injira-muri-green-gicumbi-umushinga-w-icyitegererezo-mu-kubaka-ubukungu |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-22 |archive-date=2023-02-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219101110/https://igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/injira-muri-green-gicumbi-umushinga-w-icyitegererezo-mu-kubaka-ubukungu |url-status=live }}</ref>Muri iki gihe ku bijyanye n’ibicanwa ntibikituvuna. Mbere mu gihe cy’imvura kubona inkwi byaragoranaga ndetse twatemaga amashyamba menshi kandi no kubona ubwatsi bw’amatungo bikagorana. Ubu ubwatsi buraboneka kuko bwatewe mu mirima yacu bityo tukabona n’amase [yifashishwa mu gukora biogaz].<ref name=":0" />Ubu umushinga wa green gicumbi umaze kugera kuri 65% byawo mu gihe kimyaka 6 uzamara .Muguhanaga ni imihindagurikire y'ibihe.[https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/green-gicumbi-igiye-gutanga-miliyoni-700frw-ku-bafite-imishinga-irengera-ibidukikije]Hatewe ibiti kuri hegitari 12,000 z’ubutaka bwarinzwe isuri binyuze mu gukora amaterasi y’indinganganire n’amaterasi yikora.Hegitari 4,801 zateweho ibiti bivangwa n’imyaka izindi Hegitari 981 zateweho ibiti bifata ubutaka.Hegitari 40 zateweho [[ikawa]] yo ku musozi, yihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe inongera umusaruro w’ikawa.Hegitari 50 zateweho [[icyayi]] cyo ku musozi, kihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe hagamijwe guhangana n’ingaruka ziyikomokaho no kongera umusaruro w’icyayi.[https://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/byinshi-ku-mushinga-green-gicumbi-ukomeje-gukora-itandukaniro-mu-kurengera]Uyu mushinga watangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Mutarama 2020, ugamije “Kubakira ubudahangarwa abaturage bo mu Majyaruguru no guhangana n’ingaruka zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ibihe.<ref name=":0" />Ugabanyije mu bice bine birimo icyo kubungabunga icyogogo cy’umuvumba no guteza imbere ubuhinzi bwihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe, kubungabunga amashyamba ku buryo burambye hanagabanywa ibicanwa biyakomokaho, kunoza imiturire yihanganira imihindagurikire y’ibihe no gusangira ubumenyi no kubwinjiza mu mikorere n’imigirire. == references == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibihe]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera n’Inyamaswa]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 11aarzsaxkhb196bzs1xloaeqwnteok 0 10116 139138 122908 2026-09-23T02:40:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139138 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Çay-1.jpg|thumb|icyayi|271x271px]] [[Dosiye:Kitabi - Nyaruguru hills.jpg|thumb|umusozi wo muri nyaruguru uhingwamo icyayi|274x274px]] [[Dosiye:Camellia sinensis USDA.jpg|thumb|170x170px|icyayi mumurima]] [[Dosiye:Stepwise processing of tea in Tea Museum , Munnar 02.jpg|thumb|170x170px|itunganywa ry'icyayi]] Mu [[Rwanda]] hahingwa bimwe mu bihigwa ngandura bukungu harimo icyayi gihingwa mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|karere ka nyaruguru]] umurenga wa munini. Mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|karere ka Nyaruguru]] hari ubuso  buhinzeho [[icyayi]] busaha ha  5777.5 n’inganda eshatu zitanga umusaruro  urenga toni 5600 z’icyayi gitunganije  hakaba harimo n'uraganda rwa munini tea plantation<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/1/ubutaka-butatangaga-umusaruro-bwashoweho-ubuhinzi-bwicyayi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-25 |archive-date=2022-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220624185415/https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/1/ubutaka-butatangaga-umusaruro-bwashoweho-ubuhinzi-bwicyayi |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Uruganda rwa munini tea plantation == Uruganda [[Icyayi|rw'icyayi]] gitunganyirizwa mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|karere ka nyaruguru]] umurenge wa munini ni [[icyayi]] gikunzwe imbere mu gihugu akandi cyoherezwa no mu mahanga.[[Icyayi]] ni igihingwa ngandura bukungu gifite umumaro utandukanye byumwihariko ku bidukikije kuko gisigasira urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima kikongera ubwiza bwa aho gihinze <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/10/19/nyaruguru-abaturage-bafite-ubutaka-butabyazwaga-umusaruro-batangiye-gufashwa-kubuhingaho-icyayi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-25 |archive-date=2021-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612172650/http://panorama.rw/index.php/2020/10/19/nyaruguru-abaturage-bafite-ubutaka-butabyazwaga-umusaruro-batangiye-gufashwa-kubuhingaho-icyayi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibyiza by 'icyayi mu murenge wa munini nyaruguru == Icyayi kigirira akamaro abahinzi mu kubaha amafaranga, ni kiza ku bakinywa ariko gifite akamoro ku bidukikije nu rusobe rw'ibinyabuzima muri rusange<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/mu-myaka-10-nyaruguru-izaba-ifite-uruganda-rwa-kane-rutunganya-icyayi</ref> . Abakora ubuhinzi bw'icyayi bagaragaza iterambere na akamaro kacyo muri rusange nk 'uruganda rwa munini tea plantation rwahaye abaturage barenga 200 imirimo. Mugusigasira ibidukikije icyayi kimwe ni bindi bimera muri rusange bigira akamoro kanini mu guhangana ni ihinduka ry'ikirere no mu kurinda ibiza no kurwanya isuri ku [[Umusozi|misozi]] gihinzeho<ref>https://ar.umuseke.rw/unilever-yumvikanye-nu-rwanda-gushora-m40-mu-buhinzi-bwicyayi-i-nyaruguru.hmtl</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Dosiye:Icyayi cya.jpg|thumb|icyayi gihigwa mu karere ka nyaruguru mu murenge wa munini|171x171px]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] {{reflist}} 0pruph54p240gted38gj320eyififsc 0 10162 139515 112824 2026-09-23T10:02:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139515 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jd9880sts-abtanken.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi]] [[Dosiye:Coffee tree in Hacienda Guayabal, Colombia.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa Kawa]] [[Dosiye:IFAD sede centrale a Roma.jpg|thumb|Ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi kw'Isi]] [[Dosiye:Sustainable agriculture.jpg|thumb|agriculture]] '''Ubufatanye mu kuzamura ubuhinzi mu Rwanda binyuze mu guhuza''' '''isoko''' ( icyongereza :Partnership for Enhancing Agriculture in Rwanda through Linkages '''PEARL''' ), wari umushinga wo guteza imbere ubuhinzi mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060622&slug=coffee22 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-17 |archive-date=2016-03-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222611/http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=20060622&slug=coffee22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Intego ya PEARL kwari ugufasha igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] mu bikorwa byo kwiyubaka bivuye ku ngaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. PEARL yakoranye n’abaturage bo mu cyaro hirya no hino mu [[Rwanda]] kugira ngo binjize amafaranga binyuze mu guteza imbere ibikomoka ku buhinzi no guhuza isoko <ref>https://www.gafspfund.org/sites/default/files/inline-files/Rwanda_StrategicPlan.pdf</ref> . PEARL yatewe inkunga n’ikigo cy’Amerika gishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga kandi kiyobowe n’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Michigan, kaminuza ya Texas A&amp;amp;M n’inzego zinyuranye z’u Rwanda zirimo [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]], Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi mu [[Rwanda]], Ikigo cy’ubumenyi, ikoranabuhanga n’imicungire mu Rwanda. n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ikawa. Amikoro ya kaminuza yanyujijwe mu cyaro hagamijwe guteza imbere ubuhinzi no kongera amafaranga <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aiaee.org/index.php/proceedings/120-2004-dublin-ireland/1057-evaluation-of-the-pearl-project-partnership-for-enhancing-agriculture-in-rwanda-through-linkages |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-17 |archive-date=2021-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210623232814/https://www.aiaee.org/index.php/proceedings/120-2004-dublin-ireland/1057-evaluation-of-the-pearl-project-partnership-for-enhancing-agriculture-in-rwanda-through-linkages |url-status=dead }}</ref> . [[Dosiye:Coffeee.JPG|thumb|Ikawa iri mu byibanzweho]] Umushinga wakoranye namakoperative y'abahinzi kongera no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi, byibanda ku [[ikawa]] n’ibindi. Kongera kwitondera kugenzura ubuziranenge no guhuzagurika mu musaruro byatumye habaho intsinzi mu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Urugero rwo gutsinda ni umusaruro no kugurisha ikawa ya [[Ikawa ya Maraba|Maraba]] iva Maraba, mu Rwanda. Umuyobozi wa PEARL yari Dr. Timothy Schilling <ref>https://worldcoffeeresearch.org/news/2020/dr-timothy-schilling-a-life-in-coffee</ref> <ref>https://coffeehunter.com/the-journal/rwanda-to-the-world-celebrating-10-years-of-rwandan-specialty-coffee/</ref> <ref>https://unionroasted.com/blogs/latest/white-paper-cuppers-guide-rwanda</ref> . == references == [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 4b6x6k07x2gq8mxcjh5ll86kgu8d6fo 0 10254 139234 137316 2026-09-23T07:26:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sequoiadendron giganteum at Kenilworth Castle.jpg|thumb|IGITI]] Umunsi w' igiti mu Rwanda ni umunsi ngaruka mwaka wizihizwa hibandwa ku kamaro k' igiti mu mibereho ya muntu kandi ukaba n' umunsi washyizweho n' umuryango wabibumbye (UN) <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref> === Amavo namavuko === uyumunsi w' igiti watangiye kwizihizwa mu Rwanda hambere abanyarwanda bakawizihiza batera ibiti n' amashyamba ndetse hakabaho n' ibiganiro bisibanura akamaro k' amashyamba mu mibereho y' umuntu.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref> === Ibyakozwen' uRwanda kuri uwo munsi === U Rwanda kuva rwatangira kwizihiza uwo munsi w' igiti mu Rwanda hakomejwe guterwa ibiti n' amashyamba, akenshi mu miganda ihuza abaturage kandi ukabona ko basobanukiwe n' akamaro k' amashyamba ndetse n' uburenganzira bwabo mu mibanire n' ibidukikije. mu mwaka wa 2019 kuwa 24 ukwakira nibwo umuryango w' abibumbye wifatanyije n' abanyarwanda mukwizihiza uyu minsi kandi hari mu muganda wo gutera igiti mu karere ka Kamonyi, aho umuyobozi w' umuryango w' abibumbye mu Rwanda Fode ndiayeyateye igiti kandi agashimira guverinoma y' u Rwanda ubushake n' umuhate ishyira mu gutera no kubungabungo ibiti n' amashyamba.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/umuryango-w-abibumbye-washimye-uko-u-rwanda-rukomeje-gutera-amashyamba</ref><ref>https://www.flickr.com/photos/govrw/11148884746</ref> === Akamaro k' igiti mu mibereho y' umuntu. === [[Dosiye:Amazing trees located in the Volcanoes Park, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|TREES]] igiti n' ingirakamaro cyane, n' isoko y' umwuka duhumeka, isoko y' imvura ndetse igiti cyifashishwa mu mirimo yaburimunsi umuntu akora abanyarwanda ibi barabisobanukiwe nkuko mu mwaka wa 2015 byagarutsweho na minisitire w' umutungokamere BIRUTA Vicentt aho yari yasuye akanifatanya nabatuye akarere ka gatsibo kumunsi w' igiti. aha abaturage bagaragaje ko igiti gikwiye kubungabungwa kandi nababyangiza bagomba gufatirwa ingamba zo kubakebura kuko igiti n' inyungu rusange.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Minisitiri-Biruta-yibukije-abaturage-akamaro-k-igiti</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} hp9mc9f221jynt4t72ddyq27bbbekg8 0 10330 139207 127230 2026-09-23T07:13:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139207 wikitext text/x-wiki Marie Solange Kayisire ni umunyarwandakazi w'umunyapolitiki akaba ari minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi, umwanya yajyiyeyo kuwa 02 Werurwe 2020.<ref>https://www.minema.gov.rw/news-detail/germaine-kamayirese-handed-over-to-kayisire-marie-solange-the-new-minister-in-charge-of-emergency-management</ref> == Amavuko. == Marie Solange Kayisire yavukiye Mu Rwanda. == Umwuga. == Marie Solange ni umuyapolitiki ubifitemo uburambe kuko mbere yo kuba minisitiri ushinzwe ibikorwa by'ubutabazi yabanje kuba minisitiri muri Primature ushinzwe imirimo y'inama y'abaminisitiri.<ref>https://www.mifotra.gov.rw/news-detail/itangazo-rishyiraho-guverinoma</ref> == Ibirambuye. == 98qgbprvl89whl3igbrl99ptdr4utoy 0 10380 139105 96535 2026-09-23T02:32:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139105 wikitext text/x-wiki Berna Namata n'icyamamare mu [[Rwanda]] ndetse no muri [[Afurika|Afurika y'uburasirazuba]] ni umugore ukiri muto<ref>https://thomsonfoundation.edcastcloud.com/learn/effective-exercise-of-freedom-of-information-for-journalists-in-rwanda-fall-2019</ref> uvuka mu gihugu cya Kenya ariko akaba akorera umwuga we w'itangazamakuru mu [[Rwanda]] == Berna Namata == Berna ni inzobere muri [[Afurika]] aho uruhare rwe runini yibanda mu guteza imbere [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|ubucuruzi]] no kuzamura urubuga rwa e-learning, Journalism. Berna kandi akora nk'umuyobozi w' ibiro by'ikinyamakuru cyo mu karere National Media Group gitambuka buri cyumweru The African rifite icyicaro muri [[Kenya]].<ref>https://www.chevening.org/authors/berna-namata/</ref> == Inyandiko == Berna Namata kandi uretse ibiganiro byamamaye cyane bica kuri [[Rwanda|televiziyo y'u Rwanda]] (RBA) <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220528075711/https://legalaidrwanda.org/co1.php</ref> Berna azwi nk'umwanditsi w'inkuru nyinshi mu binyamakuru bitandukanye byinshi bikorera kuri murandasi yagiye yandika <ref>https://nation.africa/service/search/kenya/290754?query=Berna%20Namata&facetFilters=authors:1930900&sortByDate=true&channelId=516</ref>. <ref>https://nation.africa/kenya/news/africa/hotel-rwanda-hero-paul-rusesabagina-arrest-trial-1930898</ref> == Reba == gx3s3boafcyk91673fnlwdzgmp6ry0s 0 10393 139046 129372 2026-09-23T00:37:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139046 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Musindarwezo Dinah''' ni umunyarwandakazi wamenyekanye mu guharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore. Ni umuyobozi wa politiki n’itumanaho muri Womankind Worldwide, kandi yahoze ari Umuyobozi mukuru w’Umuryango nyafurika ushinzwe iterambere n’itumanaho (FEMNET)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.womankind.org.uk/team/dinah-musindarwezo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2023-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019091028/https://www.womankind.org.uk/team/dinah-musindarwezo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.mewc.org/index.php/community/our-monthly-interview/6092-our-interview-of-the-month-with-dinah-musindarwezo</ref>. Musindarwezo Dinah yashyizwe mu bantu bagera ku 100, bakomeye muri politiki y’uburinganire yabagore n'abagbo ku isi muri politiki mu mwaka wo muri 2018. == Amasomo == Musindarwezo Dinah yize amasomo aho afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya gatatu mu bijyanye n'uburinganire n'iterambere yakuye muri kaminuza nkuru ry’Ubushakashatsi ( ya IDS ) muri kaminuza ya Sussex, yo mu Bwongereza, ndetse afite impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabili cya kaminuza, mu masomo yu bushakashatsi bw’iterambere yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, muri [[Uganda]] . Dinah akorera mu itsinda ry’abajyanama b’umuryango w’abibumbye ry’Abagore bo mu Burasirazuba ndetse n'amajyepfo ya Afurika, akaba ari umwe mu bagize inama y’ikigega cya Amplify Change Fund, ingingo ya 19 Ibiro by’akarere ka Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'ihembe rya Afurika hamwe n'Ikigo gishinzwe umuco n’ubuzima kavukire ( TICAH ) .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.womankind.org.uk/team/dinah-musindarwezo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2023-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019091028/https://www.womankind.org.uk/team/dinah-musindarwezo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima == Musindarwezo mu mwaka wa 2010, yakoraga nk'inzobere mu buringanire bw'umugabo n'umugore muri Noruveje . <ref>Jina Moore, [https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2010/1113/Global-leadership-In-Rwanda-women-run-the-show Global leadership: In Rwanda, women run the show], ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'', 13 November 2010. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> Muri 2012 yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wa FEMNET, <ref name="Standard">[https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/article/2001285574/meet-ms-memory-kachambwa-the-new-femnet-s-executive-director Meet Ms Memory Kachambwa, the new FEMNET's Executive Director], ''[[The Standard (Kenya)|The Standard]]'', 26 June 2018. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> ufite icyicaro muri [[Kenya]] . <ref>[[Swanee Hunt]], [https://web.archive.org/web/20201124071133/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/4/140404-rwanda-genocide-parliament-kigali-rwandan-patriotic-front-world-women-education/ Women in Post-genocide Rwanda Have Helped Heal Their Country], ''[[National Geographic]]'', 4 April 2014. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> Nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa FEMNET, yagaragaje uburakari muri kamena 2017 mu gikorwa cya perezida wa [[Tanzaniya]] John Magufuli cyo gukumira abanyeshuri batwite akababuza kwiga<ref>https://greenecodemocrat.com/tag/rwandan-feminist-dinah-musindarwezo-of-the-kenya-based-african-womens-development-and-communication-network/</ref><ref>https://eyala.blog/voice/dinah-musindarwezo-rwanda-tradition-wghay-rgd6h</ref>. == Umwuga == Muri Gashyantare 2018, yahamagaye inama y'iminsi ibiri i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] kugira ngo abaharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore bo muri [[Afurika]] bahabwe ingamba mbere y'inama yari yateguwe na Komisiyo y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye. <ref>[https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Women-meeting-to-kick-off-in-Addis--/1056-4307890-9pxpl4z/index.html Women meeting to kick off in Addis Ababa], ''Daily Nation'', 16 February 2018. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref>Musindarwezo yeguye kuri FEMNET muri 2018. <ref name="Standard"/> Yabaye umuyobozi wa politiki n’itumanaho muri Womankind Worldwide, umuryango ukorera mu [[Bwongereza]] ushyigikira imiryango iharanira uburenganzira bw’umugore muri [[Afurika]] no muri [[Aziya]]. Agezeyo, yerekanye ingaruka zishingiye ku gitsina ziterwa n'umwenda w’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere bifitiye imiryango mpuzamahanga, ndetse no ku buryo buhoro buhoro imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta yajya mu biganiro byo gutera inkunga iterambere ry'umugore . <ref>Crystal Simeoni, [https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/oureconomy/when-it-comes-development-public-private-partnerships-give-us-lot-wonder-about/ When it comes to development, Public Private Partnerships give us a lot to wonder about], 4 October 2019. Accessed 10 May 2020.</ref> Muri Mata 2020, yahamagariye Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika kuganira ku gutinda kwishyura imyenda ku bihugu bigize uyu muryango, kugira ngo ibihugu [[Afurika|by’Afurika]] byibande ku kurwanya icyorezo cya COVID-19 . <ref>Mildred Ngesa, [https://citizentv.co.ke/lifestyle/africa-cdc-and-au-must-offer-dignified-inclusive-focus-on-women-girls-in-covid-19-response-330932/ Africa CDC and AU must offer dignified, inclusive focus on women & girls in COVID-19 response], ''Citizen TV, 25 April 2020. Accessed 10 May 2020.''</ref><ref>https://eyala.blog/voice/dinah-musindarwezo-feminist-journey-a45yc</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] fe4cc87fne1d47y4ebagvbnafhtgmtd 0 10420 139235 138390 2026-09-23T07:26:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Anne-Marie Goumba''' (wavutse ku ya 9 Ukwakira 1954), ni umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] kandi ni umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afurika kuva [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|muri Repubulika ya Centrafrique]]. Ni umupfakazi wuwahoze ari umunyapolitiki muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] Abel Goumba <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/anne-marie-goumba/lists</ref><ref>https://m.famousfix.com/list/women-members-of-the-pan-african-parliament</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Anne-Marie Mbakondo yavutse ku ya 9 Ukwakira 1954 i [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Yabanje kwiga amashuri makuru muri École Normale Supérieure i Save, mu [[Rwanda]], mbere yo gukomeza kwiga muri Université Catholique d'Afrique Centrale. Nyuma yaje gukora umurimo wo kwigisha nka mwarimu mu ishami ry’ubuvuzi rya [[Butare]] hagati ya 1973 na 1977. Agezeyo, yahuye na Abel Goumba, na we wari umwarimu ku bibazo by'ubuzima rusange, nyuma amugira umugore. <ref name="dictionary">https://books.google.com/books?id=aSxIDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA313</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mediafugees.com/anne-marie-goumba-dune-guerre-a-lautre |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2021-03-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210328191123/https://mediafugees.com/anne-marie-goumba-dune-guerre-a-lautre |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == Umugabo we yari amaze igihe kinini avugurura ibya politiki muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafriqu]]<nowiki/>e, yashinze icyaje guhinduka ishyaka rya Patriotic Front for Progress. Na we yashyigikiye imirimo ya FPP, kandi ahagarara mu matora rusange yo muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] ya 2005 maze atorerwa kuba umudepite mu karere ka gatanu ka Bangui namajwi 37.32% mu matora yo ku ya 8 Gicurasi. Muri ayo matora, umugabo we ntiyabashije gutsinda. Amaze kujya munteko ishinga amategeko ya [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]], yatowe nk'uhagarariye [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]] mu Nteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afrika<ref name="dictionary" /><ref>https://academicinfluence.com/people/anne-marie-goumba</ref>. Muri Mutarama 2015, yashimye ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amahoro bikorwa n'u [[Rwanda]], avuga ko mu gihe amaze imyaka 30 muri [[Repubulika ya Santara Afurika|Repubulika ya Centrafrique]], atigera yibagirwa ko yavuye mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://rwandaises.com/2015/01/rwandais-de-centrafrique-rapatries-au-vu-du-comportement-des-rdf/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-06-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630094354/https://rwandaises.com/2015/01/rwandais-de-centrafrique-rapatries-au-vu-du-comportement-des-rdf/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ni umuhuzabikorwa w’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta witwa Les Flamboyants, ushaka gukumira ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore n’abana<ref>http://www.journaldebangui.com/article.php?aid=9559</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] 0sotu2spy59dc1pc36b2i0ryco1bjq4 0 10429 139074 136270 2026-09-23T02:29:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139074 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' ni umubyeyi w'umunyarwandakazi umenyerewe muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] nyarwanda nka Kankwanzi mu runana, ukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filimi]] zitadukanye kandi akaba ari n'umwe mu bakinnyi b’ikinamico mu [[Rwanda]]. == Ubuzima bwite == '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' [wavutse 1964] ni [[umugore]] tumenyereye kumazina ya Kankwanzi, yavukiye mu [[Kigali|uMujyi wa Kigali]], mu [[akarere ka Nyarugenge]]. Ni [[imfura]] mu bana batatu bavukana nawe. Mu buzima busanzwe ni [[Umubyeyi Sharifa|umubyeyi]] w’[[Umwana|abana]] babiri[umuhungu n’umukobwa] gusa ntiyagize amahirwe yo gusazana n’umugabo kuko batandukanye ubu buri wese akaba y'ibana ariko by’umwihariko Marie Médiatrice akaba abana n’aba [[abana]] be bombi. Mu amashuri yisumbuye yize Sicial.<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5604/Shira-amatsiko-kuri-Kankwanzi-ukinana-numukobwa-we-mu-Runana</ref> == Ikinamico na filimi == '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' avuga ko yatangiye kwiyumvamo impano akiri muto gusa akaza kugira amahirwe yo gutangira gukina ikinamico ku mugaragaro mu 1988 ubwo yari afite [[Umwaka|imyaka]] 24 y’amavuko.Yagize ati”Natangiye [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|ubuhanzi]] bw’ikinamico mu 1988. Ni impano nari mfite kuko natangiye kuyiyumvamo nkiri [[umwana]], nyuma ya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenosid]]<nowiki/>e  yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] anjya mu itorero rya Mashirika,  mu 1998  nabwo Urunana ruza gushaka abakinnyi ngiyeyo ndatsinda ninjiramo gutyo.”<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-kankwanzi-wamamaye-mu-ikinamico-urunana-ari-umugore-wa</ref><ref>https://ughe.org/kankwanzi-how-one-womans-tenacity-has-empowered-others</ref> === Izina kankwanzi === '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' nka '''Kankwanzi''' akigera mu ikinamico Urunana kwitwa iri zina yabanje kubyanga kubera ukuntu yari kujya akina ari [[umugore]] ugaragaza ubujiji bwinshi.Yagize ati”Mu Urunana bari bari gushaka abakinnyi 8, babanje gutoranye 16 ndatsinda, barongera batoranya abandi 8 nabo mbazamo. Bampaye umwanya wa '''Kankwanzi'''  ndawanga cyane, nkavuga nti’Ntabwo nakina ndi [[Ikigori|ikigoryi]] meze kuriya’ ariko umwanditsi ambwira ko ari nziza ngeze aho ndabyemera.” Yavuze ko hari amahugurwa yari amazemo iminsi bamubwira ko [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] mwiza nta mwanya atakina birangira yemeye gukina ari mu ishusho ya Kankwanzi w’umunyacyaro.Kankwanzi avuga ko bitewe n'uburyo akina ari [[umugore]] w'umuturage kandi w' hari abantu benshi baba bumva ko ari nako ateye mu [[ubuzima]] busanzwe, gusa ngo iyo bamubonye birabatungura.Yagize ati “Hari [[Umuturirwa (Waltheria)|umuntu]] wavuye mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] w’umuzungukazi na we ukora biriya by’amakinamico, ambwira ko yumvaga ndi umunyacyaro cyane mfite ubujiji nka buriya mba ngaragaza. Na bamwe mu abanyamakuru ba BBC bigeze kuza mu [[Rwanda]] bambonye baratangara.”<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/115359/kankwanzi-wa-bushombe-yahishuye-uko-yubatse-amazu-akuye-ubushobozi-mu-gukina-ikinamico-asa-115359.html</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/65608/ukuri-ku-makuru-ari-gucicikana-ko-umukinnyi-mu-ikinamico-uru-65608.html</ref><ref>https://ughe.org/kankwanzi-how-one-womans-tenacity-has-empowered-others</ref> === Ibyo agezeho === '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' nka Kwankwanzi Kankwanzi yemeza ko Urunana rumaze kugira uruhare rukomeye mu [[Iterambere ry'umugore mu Rwanda|iterambere]] ry’[[Umuryango w’Abibumye|umuryango]] we, ndetse akaba yariyubakiye [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] akubaka n’izindi zo gukodesha zimwinjiriza amafaranga buri [[ukwezi]]. Akina ikinamico abikomatanya na [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ariko yemeza ko Urunana ari rwo rwamufashije cyane kuko [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] yagiye akina ari nkeya kandi zikaba zitanabamo amafaranga menshi.Yagize ati”Urunana rumaze kungeza kuri byinshi nabashije kwiyubakira [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|inzu]] y'i[[IFUMBIRE MVARUGANDA|icumbi]], narihiye [[abana]] [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] nubaka n’andi mazu yo gukodesha byose kubera kurukomatanya no gukina [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] ariko navuga ko uruhare runini ari Urunana kuko muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] nta mafaranga arimo menshi.”Yakinnye muri [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] yitwa ‘[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEFp4oWmHgc Haranira kubaho]’,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEFp4oWmHgc</ref> ‘[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as_xOjEopbY Zirara zishya]’<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=as_xOjEopbY</ref>   n’izindi nyinshi ndetse by’umwihariko yananyuze muri [[SEBURIKOKO|Seburikoko]] <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpwclR8RhbY</ref> ariko ntabwo akigaragaramo kuko mu mwanya yakinagamo yapfuye.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibyo-wamenya-kuri-kankwanzi-wamamaye-mu-ikinamico-urunana-ari-umugore-wa</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8_FHGO9iCE</ref> === Ibyo akunda === '''Muhutukazi Marie Mediatrice''' Avuga ko akunda cyane abahanzi bo ha mbere biganjemo Fredéric Francois, George Moustaki, Nana Mouskouri n’abandi. Ati ‘bariya bahanzi baririmba [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] zituje z[[Igifaransa|’igifaransa]] zo ha mbere ndazikunda cyane.’Mu bahanzi bo mu [[Rwanda]] b’ubu avuga ko azi Amag The Black,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M27nPfwgRmM</ref> King James<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e9RfBi-F1GQ</ref>, Jay Polly<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M27nPfwgRmM</ref> na Knowless<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TRbiAat4sEc</ref>.Mu [[Umwana|abana]] be, '''Kankwanzi''' yemeza ko umuto [[umwana]] w’umukobwa witwa Umwali Aurore  ari we ugaragaza impano yo gukina ikinamico ndetse bakaba bakinana ari [[umwana]] we mu Urunana yitwa Kereri [Claire]<ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref>.Ashishikariza abakuru biyumvamo impano kudatinya kuzigaragaza ndetse akanasaba abandi bamaze kugira aho bagera muri uyu mwuga gushyigikira impano z’abakiri bato nk'[[Umwana|abana]].<ref>https://www.eachamps.rw/article/5604/Shira-amatsiko-kuri-Kankwanzi-ukinana-numukobwa-we-mu-Runana</ref><ref>http://isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/menya-claire-umukobwa-wa-kankwanzi-mu-maraso-akaba-uwa-bushombe-mu-runana</ref> == Reba == 9rl50rz6vcity1u27vcdzfh8me53pk9 0 10432 139516 136140 2026-09-23T10:02:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139516 wikitext text/x-wiki Juliet Kabera ni Umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo gishinzwe gucunga ibidukikije mu Rwanda.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-rallies-global-support-beat-plastic-pollution</ref> == Umwuga == Juliet Kabera numuyobozi wikigo gishinzwe Kurinda Ibidukije Mu Rwanda (REMA ) , Akaba yarashyizweho muri Gicurasi 2020. Mbere yo gushyirwaho, yari afite umuyobozi mukuru w’ibidukikije n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe muri Minisiteri y’ibidukikije. Nyakanga. Juliet yabaye Umuyobozi wa Komite Nyobozi y'Ikigega Cyinshi cya Protokole ya Montreal mu mwaka wa 2019/2020.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=48 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520162224/https://www.rema.gov.rw/index.php?id=48 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri Yize == Juliet KABERA yahawe impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor muri Siyanse yize ibijyanye na Biochemie yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere Kampala, muri Werurwe 2002, naho muri Kamena 2020 arangiza Masters muri Conservation MBA muri kaminuza Nyafurika y'Ubuyobozi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/886973 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2022-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509160843/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/886973 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Icyo Avuga muguca Amashashi Mu Rwanda == Kabera yavuze ko uburambe bw’imyanda ya pulasitike bwagaragaje akamaro k’ubufatanye bw’igihugu, uturere ndetse n’amahanga mu rwego rwo kurwanya umwanda.Ati: "Nyuma y'ibiganiro bikomeye mu mezi ashize, twishimiye intambwe imaze guterwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga rwemewe n'amategeko ku bijyanye no kwanduza plastike".<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-rallies-global-support-beat-plastic-pollution</ref> Umushinga w’icyemezo uremera imiterere y’imipaka y’ikibazo cy’umwanda wa pulasitike kandi ko ari ngombwa kuwukemura aho uturuka.Yavuze ko hakenewe gushyirwaho amategeko akomeye na politiki haba ku rwego rw'igihugu ndetse no ku isi hose, agira ati: “Kubera ko umwanda wa plastike ari ikibazo cyambukiranya imipaka, dushobora kugikemura dukorera hamwe.”<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-rallies-global-support-beat-plastic-pollution</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Women in Politics]] 3gp0bqs5d8htynedb78lm632lgumakc 0 10443 139443 137646 2026-09-23T09:45:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139443 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Somi''' (yavutse yitwa '''Laura Kabasomi Kakoma''' ku ya 6 Kamena 1981) ni umuririmbyi wahataniye Grammy award wavukiye muri [[Amerika]], umwanditsi w'indirimbo, umwanditsi w'amakinamico, akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] no [[Ubugande|muri Uganda]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/somi-new-album-special-tribute-miriam-makeba</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ewn.co.za/2022/01/21/inspired-by-makeba-singer-somi-hopes-latest-offering-lives-up-to-mama-africa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523063932/https://ewn.co.za/2022/01/21/inspired-by-makeba-singer-somi-hopes-latest-offering-lives-up-to-mama-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Somi yavukiye i Champaign, muri Illinois, mu gihe se yari arangije amasomo ya dogiteri muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri Urbana - Champaign. Igihe Somi yari afite imyaka itatu, umuryango we waje kwimukira i Ndola, muri [[Zambiya]], naho se yakoraga mu muryango mpuzamahanga wita ku buzima<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202105280151.html</ref> . Mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 1980, ubwo se yabaga umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Illinois, basubiye muri Champaign, aho Somi yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kaminuza ndetse na Champaign Central High School. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza muri Anthropology na African Studies yakuye muri kaminuza ya Illinois muri Urbana - Champaign. Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yakuye muri kaminuza ya New York 's Tisch School of Arts in Performance Studies<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/my-grammy-nomination-was-milestone-celebrate-somi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ibyihariye-kuri-somi-ufite-intumbero-yo-guteza-imbere-ubuhanzi-mu-rwanda-video |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2021-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924214636/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/ibyihariye-kuri-somi-ufite-intumbero-yo-guteza-imbere-ubuhanzi-mu-rwanda-video |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == umwuga == Muri 2007, yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere ''Red Soil in My Eyes'' muri label ya Harmonia Mundi / World Village label bakoranye amasezerano ye ya mbere yo kumufasha mu muziki. Iyi alubum yakunzwe cyane hamwe nindirimbo "Ingele" yabonye umwanya wa 10 kuri U.S. World Music Charts muri [[Amerika]] mumezi menshi<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/221951</ref>. Muri 2009, Somi yasinyanye na label yigenga ya ObliqSound. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20101124032021/http://www.obliqsound.com/newsb/2009/03/11/obliqsound-signs-vocalist-somi</ref> yahise asohora ''If the Rains Come Firstt'' yasohotse ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2009, hanyuma igatangira kuri no. 2 kuri ''Billboard'' ' iba iya 21 kuri ' Heatseekers chart ''Billboard''. Iyi alubumu igaragaramo umuhanga wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] Hugh Masekela, umujyanama wa Somi umaze igihe kinini. Muri Werurwe 2011, Somi yashyize alubumu ye ya mbere y'ibitaramo kuri Jazz Standard izwi cyane mu mujyi wa New York. Yasohotse kuri Palmetto Records muri Kanama 2011<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://konnectafrica.net/laura-kabasomi-kakoma-somi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522202715/https://konnectafrica.net/laura-kabasomi-kakoma-somi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri 2013, Somi yasinyanye amasezerano yambere ya label na Sony Music kugirango abe umwe mubahanzi ba mbere kuri jazz imprint Okeh Records. Album ye na label yambere yatangiriye ''The Lagos Music Salon'', igaragaramo abahanzi badasanzwe batsindiye Grammy award nka Angelique Kidjo na Common ndetse ikanagaragara kuri US Jazz Charts, yatewe inkunga n'amezi 18 yamaze i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://guardian.ng/life/grammy-nominee-somi-joins-spotifys-equal/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510075031/https://guardian.ng/life/grammy-nominee-somi-joins-spotifys-equal/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma yo gushimwa cyane no kuba abafana bariyongereye cyane, ''The Huffington Post'' hamwe nibindi bitangazamakuru byise Somi " Nina Simone mushya". <ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/craig-carpenter/somi_b_5592673.html</ref> Muri Werurwe 2017, yasohoye ''Petite Afrique'' nka alubumu ye ya kabiri kuri Okeh Records. Iyi alubumu yatsindiye igihembo cy’amashusho cya NAACP 2018 kubera indirimbo idasanzwe ya Jazz, ni alubum y’umuryango munini w’abimukira bo muri [[Afurika]] batuye i Harlem, Umujyi wa New York<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/11/rwandan-jazz-maestro-somi-nominated-for-grammy-awards/</ref>. Muri Nyakanga 2020, Somi yasohoye 'Holy Room - Live kuri Alte Oper' Album ya Live, inagaragaramo Radio Big Band ya Frankfurt, yatorewe igihembo cya Grammy award 2021 cya Album nziza ya Jazz Vocal kandi yegukana igihembo cya 2021 NAACP Image Award nka Album ya Jazz Yamamaye, Vocal<ref>https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/lifestyle/somi-s-jazz-at-the-grammys-3221188</ref>. Ikinamico yambere ya Somi, ''Dreaming Zenzile'', n'umuziki ushingiye kubuzima bwa Miriam Makeba. Yerekanwe bwa mbere muri The Repertory Theatre ya St. Louis muri Nzeri 2021 nyuma yuko igice cya mbere gihagaritswe iminsi itanu mbere kwerekanwa muri Werurwe 2020 kubera icyorezo cya Covid-19 . Nkumwanditsi n'umukinnyi, akoresha izina rye ryanyuma akagenda na Somi Kakoma<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/open-society-foundations-announce-2018-soros-equality-fellows |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2019-04-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190423014101/https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/press-releases/open-society-foundations-announce-2018-soros-equality-fellows |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://independent.ng/grammy-nominee-somi-to-join-spotifys-equal-music-program/</ref>.Kuri ubu Somi atuye mu mujyi wa New York<ref>https://en.igihe.com/entertainment/sony-music-international-signs-rwandan-singer</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda uba muri canada]] [[Ikiciro:Abaririmbyi]] igqajwst1xlavenwaqwqg6rag093wae 0 10447 139302 121890 2026-09-23T07:43:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139302 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugenie Musayidire,''' yavutse Ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1952 , mu [[Rwanda]],N'umunyarwandakazi uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu uba mu [[Ubudage|Budage]]<ref>https://www.amazon.co.uk/Books-Eugenie-Musayidire/s?rh=n%3A266239%2Cp_27%3AEugenie+Musayidire</ref> . Yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cya Nuremberg mu burenganzira bwa muntu mu 2007. == Ubuzima Bwite == Eugénie Musayidire ni [[Abatutsi|Umwe mubatutsi]] bake mu Rwanda. Yahunze mu 1973, igihe yaburiwe ko yenda gufatwa. Yabanje guhungira mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], akomeza amasomo ye muri kaminuza y’Uburundi mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’imibereho. Mu 1977, yasabye ubuhungiro muri politiki mu [[Ubudage|Budage]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte_e/musayidire_e.html</nowiki></ref>, kandi yitoza kuba umufasha wa farumasi. Yareze Umuryango atura i Siegburg, aho yakoraga mw'Itorero ry'Abaluteriyani <ref name="N">Présentation de la lauréate du prix des droits de l'homme de la ville de Nuremberg Eugénie Musayidire, sur www.nuernberg.de </ref> Yaje gukora i Bonn. Yize ko umuryango we wishwe mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]].<ref><nowiki>http://www.kigalimemorialcentre.org/survivors/eugenie.html</nowiki></ref> : abura nyina, murumuna we na [[bene]] wabo benshi kandi baziranye. Inshuti yamuzaniye ibuye, vestige yonyine murugo rw'umuryango we. Yasobanuye ibisobanuro by'aya makuba yandika [[igitabo]] cyitwa ''Ma pierre qui parle'', mu 1999 <ref name="Buch">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180218211203/http://www.imbuto.net/uploads/buchbesprechungen/07_mein_stein_spricht.pdf Critique de livre] sur imbuto.net consulté le 18.</ref> . Eugénie Musayidire yiyemeje mu buryo bw'intangarugero mu bwiyunge hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Mu 2001, yasuye igihugu akomokamo, ku nshuro ya mbere kuva yava mu buhungiro. Muri uwo mwaka, yashinze mu Budage ishyirahamwe " Hoffnung In Ruanda e. v. »(« Ibyiringiro mu Rwanda "). Abikesheje inkunga y'Itorero ry'Abaporotesitanti b'Abadage, yashinze, mu 2003, i Nyanza, Ikigo gishinzwe kuvura urubyiruko, ''IZERE'', aho abana ndetse n'urubyiruko bahura n'ingaruka za Genocide bitaweho. Muri uku kuguma mu Rwanda mu 2001, yashoboye guhura n'umwicanyi wo mu muryango we, wahoze aturanye. Iyi nama nicyifuzo cyo kwiyunga byatumye havuka firime, ''Mama wa Assassin''. Iyi filime yahawe igihembo cya Adolf-Grimme. Kuwa 30 Nzeri 2007 , Eugénie Musayidire ahabwa igihembo mpuzamahanga cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu cya Nuremberg, gitangwa na Doudou Diène wahoze ari umunyamabanga [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’umuryango w’abibumbye]] ku bibazo by’ivanguramoko, ivangura rishingiye ku moko, abanyamahanga no kutoroherana <ref>[https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte/preisverleihung_2007.html] Cérémonie de remise des prix 2007 des droits de l'homme de la Ville de [[Nuremberg]], sur www.nuernberg.de.</ref> . Muri Gicurasi 2015, documentaire yitwa ''Mein Stein spricht'' ( ''Ibuye ryanjye rivuga : inzira ndende yo kwiyunga mu Rwanda'' ), ku nkuru ya Eugénie Musayidire ivugwa kuri televiziyo ARD-alpha <ref>[https://programm.ard.de/TV/Themenschwerpunkte/Dokus--Reportagen/Alle-Dokumentationen/Startseite/?sendung=2848714585036103 Documentaire ''Ma Pierre parle''], ARD-alpha.</ref> == Ibirambuye == k08znrk798z2dy73auq4vs7xley9tmt 0 10462 139396 138683 2026-09-23T09:15:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sagaing, Artist paint brushes, Myanmar.jpg|thumb]] '''Valerie Piraino''' n'umunyabugeni [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwanda]] ariko utuye muri [[Amerika]] umenyerewe cyane mu gushushanya no gutaka ibishushanyo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.valeriepiraino.com/about.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155511/http://www.valeriepiraino.com/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse muri 1981 i [[Kigali|Kigali, mu Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lmcc.net/person/valerie-piraino/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2017-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518172751/http://lmcc.net/person/valerie-piraino/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> akurira haba mu gihugu cye ndetse no muri Amerika. Ubuhanzi bwe bugaragaza indangamuntu y’amahanga kandi bukubiyemo insanganyamatsiko nko gusobanura ibintu byinshi biranga muri rusange, kurwanya ubukoloni (cyangwa kurwanya imperialism), diaspora ny'afurika. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">https://hudsonvalleyone.com/2017/05/28/two-kingston-artists-featured-in-dubai-exhibit/</ref> <ref name=":2">https://artswestchester.org/she-deconstructing-female-identity/she_exhibition_brochure/</ref> Yahawe ibihembo birenga icumi bimwemerera imikoranire, kandi yagiye agaragara mu imurikagurisha rirenga mirongo itatu muri leta umunani za [[Amerika]] ndetse no mubindi bihugu bitatu.<ref>https://artfacts.net/artist/valerie-piraino/247415</ref> <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Photograph of a Black child artist - DPLA - 9fff54f3947c8ec116d404dbe760c13c.gif|thumb]] Nyina wa Valerie, yari umuhanga mu kudoda mu [[Rwanda]], yahuye na se [[Amerika|w'umunyamerika]], igihe yakoraga mu bikorwa byo gutabara no kwiteza imbere. Nyuma yo kuva mu bwana bwe akiri muto yagiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], no mu bindi bihugu bitatu byo muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://art.state.gov/valerie-piraino/</ref>, Valerie, kimwe n'ababyeyi be, bimukiye muri Arizona. Nyuma, umuryango we wimukiye i Baltimore, MD, aho yize muri kaminuza ya Maryland Institute of Art. Igihe Valerie yigaga i Baltimore, yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]], aho benshi mu ruhande rwa nyina bari biciwe muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-05-18-0405180135-story.html</ref>. Uru rugendo rwashishikarije umurimo we nk'umuhanzi uhuza ibihugu, harimo n'umushinga we. Mu 2005, Valerie yimukiye mu mujyi wa New York, ari naho yatangiriye MFA mu ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Columbia. Yarangije muri MFA ye mu 2009 yahise yihutira guhanga umurimo we, kuri ubu akora nk'umwarimu w'igihe gito mu ishuri rya Parsons of Design<ref>https://www.joanmitchellfoundation.org/valerie-piraino</ref>. == Ibikorwa bigaragara n'imurikagurisha == [[Dosiye:Adolph Tidemand - A Painter at his Paint Box - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb]] Ikigaragara ni uko umurimo we uzwi cyane, ni urukurikirane rw'ibishusho bigizwe namapapayi yakoze ashushanyije ibice bya polystirene, hanyuma bigahisha imiterere y'ibumba ryirabura rya epoxy, irangi, resin, ibiti, ndetse rimwe na rimwe akoresha irangi rya zahabu kugirango anogereze igishushanyo. Mu kuganira ku kamaro k’amabara, umukara na zahabu, Valerie avuga ko umukara na zahabu byibutsa ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse n’ibidukikije byabereye muri [[Afurika]] kubera ubukoloni. Amabara n'imiterere nabyo byerekana uruhu rw'abaturage bava muri [[Afurika]] bakoreshejwe mu mutungo kamere wabo. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>https://gulfnews.com/culture/arts/in-a-constant-state-of-flux-1.2053611</ref> [[Dosiye:Haltern am See, Lavesum, Künstlerhof, Acrylfarbe -- 2021 -- 5730.jpg|thumb]] Amapapayi ni imbuto zatoranijwe kugirango zihagararire imyumvire yo kurwanya ubukoloni kubwimpamvu ebyiri zingenzi. Iya mbere, Amapapayi yari ifunguro rya mugitondo mugihe yari umukobwa muto akiri muri [[Afurika]]. Icya kabiri, amapapayi, akomoka muri Karayibe, bagereranya nk'ubukoloni kuko "bakurikiza inzira y'ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni ". <ref name=":1" /> Mu imurikagurisha ryarangiye muri Mutarama, 2017 ryiswe ''Dis Place'' mu Nzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bwa Diasporan, amapapayi yasaga nkaho yakomeretse, byerekana ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore bo muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://hyperallergic.com/260681/artists-of-the-african-diaspora-cast-off-the-legacy-of-displacement/</ref> Mu gihe amapapayi ari bimwe mu bikorwa bya Valerie bizwi cyane, yakoze ibindi bishushanyo byinshi kandi yagiye mu imurikagurisha mu gihugu hose, ndetse anagaragara mu imurikagurisha mu bindi bihugu ku isi<ref>https://socratessculpturepark.org/artist/valerie-piraino/</ref>. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imurikagurisha rya Valerie Piraino !Year !Exhibition Title !Institution/Gallery !Location |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Collective Show |Participant Inc. |New York City, NY |- |Usable Pasts |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Fidelity |Meyerhoff Gallery, Maryland Institute College of Art |Baltimore, MD |- |The Third Party |Night Gallery |Los Angeles, CA |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |The Bearden Project |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Get it on the Record |Visceglia Gallery, Caldwell College |Caldwell, NJ |- |Fore |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |Present Future |Artissima |Turin, Italy |- |Reconstruction |Crosstown Arts |Memphis, TN |- |Photoplay |Cindy Rucker Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Body Language |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Round 39: Looking Back, Moving Forward |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |"The House Seems All Upset" Contemporary Art Interventions on Critical Whiteness |Jade Addams Hull House Museum |Chicago, IL |- |Retreat |Valerie Carberry Gallery |Chicago, IL |- |The Bearden Project |Texas State University |San Marcos, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2015 |After Afropolitan |Weeksville Heritage Center |Brooklyn, NY |- |Africa's Out |Gladstone Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Mirror Mirror |Kate Werble Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Displace |MOCADA |Brooklyn, NY |- | rowspan="9" |2016 |SHE: Deconstructing Female Identity |ArtsWestchester |White Plains, NY |- |Collector's Club |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- |CAMSTL Gala |Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis |St, Louis, MO |- |Palatable |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Event Horizon |Lesley Heller Workspace |New York City, NY |- |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |Everyday Redefined |Corridor Gallery |Brooklyn, NY |- |Whatever moves between us also moves the world in general |Murray Guy Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Africans in America |Goodman Gallery |Johannesburg, South Africa |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |Elective Affinities: A Library |Hunter College Art Galleries |New York City, NY |- |Downtown 83 Aljira Benefit and Auction |Aljira Center for Contemporary Art |Newark, NJ |- |A Fast, Moving Sky |The Third Line Gallery |Dubai, United Arab Emirates |- |The Socrates Annual |Socrates Sculpture Park |New York City, NY |} == Ibihembo yatsindiye == Valerie yakiriye ubusabane nibihembo mu myaka ye yose yo guhanga ibihangano. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibihembo bya Valerie Piraino / Ubusabane ! Umwaka ! Izina ryigihembo / Ubusabane |- |2004 |Jacques and Natasha Gelman Travel Award |- |2009 |Studio Museum in Harlem, Artist-in-residence |- |2011 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2012 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2013 |Project Row Houses, Visiting Artist |- |2014 |Joan Mitchell Foundation, Emerging Teaching Artist Fellow |- |2015 |Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, Process Space |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Socrates Sculpture Park, Emerging Artist Fellowship |- |Offshore Residency |- |Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Award Nominee |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Joan Mitchell Center, Artist-in-residence |- |The Wassaic Project, Editions Program |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] 0gn9gkcxz9y0tfqoqtu71lseiicowv8 0 10469 139236 108325 2026-09-23T07:27:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139236 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwitonze Clementine''' ni umunyarwandakazi akaba umuhanzikazi mu ndirimbo zo kuramya no guhimbaza Imana mu [[Rwanda]] uzwi kwizina rya Tonzi. == Ubuzima Bwe bwite == [[Dosiye:A view of Congo River from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).jpg|thumb|Clementine yavukiye mugihugu cya Congo]] Uwitonze Clementine uzwi ku izina rya Tonzi yavukiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] ariko akurira mu [[Rwanda]], Yavukiye mu muryango ukomeye wa gikristo, yakuze atozwa kubaha Isabato ndetse kugeza ubu ararushaho kwiyagura mu murimo w’Imana.Tonzi yakuranye impano yo kuririmba aho yatangiye kuririmba akiri umwana muto cyane ahagarikwa ku meza kugira ngo abantu bamubone. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511144510/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Clemantine Uwitonze Yagize umuziki umwuga aho yaje gukomereza Impano yaje kwaguka ajya mu makorali atandukanye, mu mwaka wa 2004 atangira umuziki ku giti cye. Ni umwe mu bahanzi b’igitsinagore baririmba indirimbo zihimbaza Imana umaze kwagura umwuga we mu buryo bukomeye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511144510/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibitaramo == Ni nani : Tonzi yakoze ku mugoroba wo ku wa Gatatu tariki 18 Gashyantare mu 2012 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511144510/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |url-status=dead }}</ref> East Africa Gospel concert: Iki Nigitaramo tonzi yateguye cyahuzaga abahanzi ba Afurika y’uburasirazuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/muzika/article/tonzi-n-andi-makuru-mashya-avugwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511144512/https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/muzika/article/tonzi-n-andi-makuru-mashya-avugwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibiranga Tonzi == Tonzi arangwa n’umutima utanga kuruta ibindi byose, aharanira ko yagira ikintu akorera kigashimisha umuntu kurusha uko we yagikorerwa.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511144510/https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibintu-10-bitangaje-kuri-tonzi |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/muzika/article/tonzi-n-andi-makuru-mashya-avugwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511144512/https://www.igihe.com/imyemerere/muzika/article/tonzi-n-andi-makuru-mashya-avugwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umusanzu == Indirimbo Imana ishyira tonzi ku mutima zifasha abantu cyane, kumenya urukundo rw' Imana ku buzima bwacu, uburyo Imana iduhumuriza, ikaduha ibyiringiro, amahoro, ibyishimo, umunezero mbinyujije mu ndirimbo, kuko igihe cyose yatangiye gusohora indirimbo sinaburaga ubutumwa bw'abantu bampa ubuhamya bwicyo ubutumwa bwabafashije kurushaho kwegera Imana, no gukomera mu rugendo rwa buri munsi.<ref>https://www.thefacts.rw/byinshi-wamenya-ku-buhanzi-bwa-tonzi-uririmba-indirimbo-zifasha-abantu-kumenya-urukundo-rwimana-video</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Artist]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] jihlk4oltj0ggcbhwihulsagkpuqrf0 0 10775 139208 136512 2026-09-23T07:13:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Goat family.jpg|thumb|IHENE|345x345px]] [[Dosiye:Goats in Ninh Hải, Ninh Binh province, Vietnam, 20240201 1521 4871.jpg|thumb|ihene nyinshi]] [[Dosiye:Aho Ihene zibera.jpg|thumb|ihene]] '''Ubworozi bw'ihene''' ni imwe mu minshinga Leta y'u [[Rwanda]] uri gukoresha ngo igabanye ubucyene no kwihaza mu birirwa no kongera ifumbire y'imborera ikoreshwa mu [[Umurima|mirima]]. == Igaburo == [[Ihene]] zitungwa n’ibyatsi bisanzwe Setariya, tribusakumu, [[urubingo]], n’ibisigazwa by’ibikomoka ku buhinzi. Zishobora kurya imvange y’ifu iyo umworozi ashobora kuyibona, ibyo bituma icutsa vuba, ibyara kenshi kandi abana bagakura neza. '''Dore uko batanga imvange y’ifu''': * Ihene yonsa n’abana bayo zihabwa gr 300 cyangwa 400, * Ihene zicutse zihabwa gr 50 kugera ku 100, * isekurume yimya ihabwa gr 300.<ref>https://www.academia.edu/31803761/UMUSHINGA_WUBWOROZI_BWIHENE_MU_MIRYANGO_YAKIRIYE_ABANA_BIMFUBYI_IKABA_IBARERERA</ref> == Umusaruro == * Isekurume ikuze ishobora gupina ibiro 40, * inyagazi igapima kg 30 (ihene za [[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]]), * iyo ihene ibazwe itanga inyama zingana na 48% by’ibiro byayo ari nzima, kandi ihene 3 zororewe mu kiraro kimwe zishobora gutanga toni 3 z’ifumbire buri mwaka.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=142</ref> == Indwara z'ihene == [[Dosiye:The Rony (goat).jpg|thumb|345x345px|umwana w'ihene]] '''Inzoka zo munda''': iyi ndwara ifata ihene nkuru n’intoya igaragazwa no kudakura neza, kuruka, kunanuka, guhinduriza ubwoya no gukorora. Iyi ndwara irwanywa hakoreshejwe kugira isuku n’imiti y’inzoka igihe cyose iyi ndwara yagaragaye. '''Ibinwanwa''' (Ibimwete): Iyi ndwara nayo ifata ihene nkuru n’intoya igaragazwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi 41oc, urukoko ku mu nwa, ibimwete mu kanywa bishobora gutuma amara abyimba bikazana n’ingorane mu guhumeka. '''Ruhaha''': Iyi ndwara nayo ifata ihene ntoya n’inkuru igaragazwa no kugira umuriro mwinshi 41oc, gupfuna ibimyira bivanze n’amashyira, guhumeka nabi, guhirita, kutabasha kugenda, umutima ugatera cyane.<ref>https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=142</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ihene]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] 5lg2vniicbihdabwsw195dmjtziku4q 0 11282 139075 136277 2026-09-23T02:29:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139075 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aho Ingurube zibarizwa.jpg|thumb|ikiraro k'ingurube|170x170px]] [[Dosiye:Ingurube n'ibibwana.jpg|thumb|172x172px|ingurube yabwaguye]] [[Dosiye:Pigs in the Altai Mountains. Village Ortolyk.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Pigs on a farm in Rust, Burgenland, Austria, 20220425 1354 5124.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Pigs Sus scrofa domesticus 390 Possuja C.JPG|thumb|Ingurube]] [[Dosiye:Cochon domestique (Sus scrofa domesticus) (3).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) - FrogHollow Farm Sanctuary 2019-10-26 (02).jpg|thumb|Ingurube]] [[Dosiye:Sus scrofa domestica 3 (Piotr Kuczynski).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) (8620573441).jpg|thumb|Ingurube]] Ubworozi bw'Ingurube tugiye kurebera hamwe uko tumenya amoko yazo, uko zororwa kijyambere n'ibiryo byazo. == Akamaro ko korora ingurube == Mu matungo yose yororerwa mu rugo, ingurube ni ryo tungo ribyazwa umusaruro utubutse, ibyo iba yariye kurusha ayandi matungo, kubera ko uko irya ari na ko yiyongera ibiro byinshi kandi vuba; ni ukuvuga ko ibiryo byose iriye biyiyoboka. Ingurube irya ibiryo byose uyihaye : ibisigazwa byo mu gikoni, ibiryo bikomoka ku bikatsi, ibituruka ku mavuta, ku muceri, ku masukari, ku bworozi bw’amafi kandi bikayigirira akamaro. Ibyo bishobora kuzuzwa n’inyama, ibyatsi, ibinyampeke n’imbuto. Ingurube imwe n’ibibwana byayo bishobora kugera ku musaruro munini ku mwaka iyo ari ubwoko bwiza kandi zigaburirwa neza. Ingurube ishobora gutanga ibiro by’inyama bingana n’igihumbi na magana atandatu mu mwaka (kg 1.600). [[Dosiye:Kugaburira ingurube.jpg|thumb|uko ingurube zigaburirwa|175x175px]] == Amoko y’ingurube yororerwa mu Rwanda == === 1.''' '''Ubwoko bw’ingurube nyarwanda: === Ingurube nyarwanda igira uruhu rw’umukara, rimwe na rimwe uvanze n’amabara y’umweru. Agahanga ni kagufi, ikinwa ni kirekire, amatwi ni matoya akaba yemye cyangwa aryamye ariko ntatendera. Uruti rwayo ni ruto, amaguru ni maremare kandi afite umubyimba muto. [[Dosiye:Black pigs at Wherstead, Suffolk.jpg|thumb|179x179px|ubundi bwoko bw' ingurube]] Ubu bwoko burwanya indwara, bwihanganira ubushyuhe, bwemera indyo iyo ari yo yose. Ubwo bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 8-10, bubwagura kabiri mu mwaka. Urubyaro rwa mbere ruboneka ingurube ifite umwaka n’igice (amezi 18) cyangwa imyaka ibiri (amezi 24). Iyo ngurube ikura buhoro, igira ibiro 120 yujuje umwaka n’igice. Inenge yayo yindi ni uko iyo ikuze igira ibinure byinshi, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka, na yo igata agaciro.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519150404/https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220519131537/http://www.ehinga.org/kin/livearticles/rabbit/feeding__rabbit</ref> == 2. Ubwoko bw’ingurube zifite ibara ryera (Large White) == ubwo bwoko bufite uruhu rwera, agahanga kanini gacuritse, ikinwa kinini, amatwi ni manini kandi arahagaze; bufite umubiri munini ugizwe n’inyama nyinshi, amaguru yabwo ni manini kuko agizwe n’inyama nyinshi. Ubwo bwoko bugerageza kurwanya indwara, ariko busaba kugaburirwa neza cyane. Ubwo bwoko bw’ingurube bubwagura hagati y’ibibwana 10-12, kabiri mu mwaka. Iyo ngurube ibwagura ubwa mbere ifite amezi 12, ikura vuba, igira ibiro 70 ku mezi 5, itanga umusaruro w’inyama mwiza cyane, ariko ikenera isuku no kugaburirwa neza cyane. [[Dosiye:IMG from kbg.jpg|thumb|ubundi bwoko bw'ingurube bakunze kwita Landrace|166x166px]] == 3. Ubwoko bwitwa Landrace (soma Landiresi) == na bwo bufite uruhu rwera, agahanga karekare kandi kabyimbye, amatwi manini atendera. Umubiri wayo ni muremure ugereranyije n’ingurube y’ibara ryera (Large White). Ubwo bwoko ntibufite ubushobozi buhagije bwo kurwanya indwara ariko umusaruro ni mwiza cyane kurusha n’uw’ingurube y’ibara ryera (Large White). Umubiri w’iyo ngurube ni muremure haba mu butambike cyangwa mu buhagarike == 4. Andi moko y’ibyimanyi == [[Dosiye:Cute Black Smalleared Pig standing in front of a cat.jpg|thumb|171x171px|ubwoko bw'Icyimanyi]] Large White+Inyarwanda• : Irwanya indwara kandi itanga umusaruro ushimishije iyo igaburiwe neza. Large White+Landrace• + Duroc: Ubwo bwoko buherutse kugera mu Rwanda buturutse muri Irlande (soma Irilande) burwanya indwara kandi butanga umusaruro mwiza.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-19 |archive-date=2022-05-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519150404/https://yeanagro.org/article.php?id=165 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ikiraro cy’Ingurube == Mu kiraro hakenerwa umwanya wo kwinyagamburiramo, umwuka mwiza, isuku, ahantu hakomeye kandi hari n’umuyaga. Ibipimo by’ikiraro Imbyeyi n’ibibwana byayo : m-2 10[[Dosiye:Ni ahantu Ingurube zibarizwa.jpg|thumb|ikiraro cy'ingurube|154x154px]] Inyagazi : m-2 2,5 Imfizi : m-2 15 Ingurube zikonnye : m-2 2 Ikiraro gishobora kubakwa n’ibiti mu mwanya w’matafari ahiye hasi agakoresha beto ku bipimo bingana n’umufuka 1 w’isima ku mifuka 2 y’umucanga n’imifuka 3 y’amabuye mato mato. Ushyiramo ubuhaname kugira ngo amaganga ajye asohoka aho Imbehe n’igikoresho cyo kunyweramo [[Dosiye:INGURUBE.jpg|thumb|ubundi bwoko bw'ikiraro cy'ingurube|172x172px]] Imbehe n’igikoresho cyo kunyweramo bigomba kuba bikozwe mu giti gikomeye. Ibyiza ni ukubikora mu giti kiremereye ku buryo ingurube itagisunika ngo gihirime igihe cyose ishakiye. Ibyo bikorwa mu ishusho y’umuvure mutoya. == Indwara ya muryamo mu Ingurube == [[Dosiye:Undercover Investigation at Manitoba Pork Factory Farm (8250109079).jpg|thumb|159x159px|Ingurube irwaye muryamo]] [[Dosiye:Undercover Investigation at Manitoba Pork Factory Farm (8251146092).jpg|thumb|166x166px|Izindi ndrwara zifata ingurube]] Muryamo y’ingurube ni indwara iterwa na virus izwi nka African Swine Fever Virus, ikaba ifata ingurube zorowe ndetse n’ingurube zo mu gasozi. Ibimenyetso biyiranga ni umuriro mwinshi uri hejuru ya dogere Celcius mirongo ine, kunanirwa kurya, kunanirwa kugenda, gutitira, gutukura ku bice by’umutwe, ku nda no ku maboko n’amaguru uhereye ku bice by’imyanya myibarukiro.RAB yatangaje ko mu rwego rwo guhashya ubwo burwayi bwamaze kugaragara mu Rwanda, aborozi b’ingurube, Inzego z’Ibanze n’Abaturarwanda muri rusange bamenyeshwa ko indwara ya muryamo y’ingurube ari indwara y’icyorezo, kandi nta muti nta n’urukingo igira.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/indwara-ya-muryamo-yageze-mu-ngurube-mu-rwanda</ref>Itegeko nº 54/2008 ryo kuwa. 10/09/2008 rigenga uburyo bwo kwirinda no kurwanya indwara zanduza amatungo mu Rwanda, riteganya ibihano ku muntu wese unyuranyije n’ibikubiye muri iri tegeko, birimo igifungo kiri hagati y’amezi atatu n’imyaka ibiri, n’ihazabu iri hagati y’amafaranga ibihumbi ijana (100,000) na miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000) cyangwa kimwe muri ibyo bihano.<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/indwara-ya-muryamo-yageze-mu-ngurube-mu-rwanda</ref>Aborozi barasabwa kwihutira kumenyesha umuvuzi w’amatungo ubegereye ku rwego rw’Umurenge mu gihe babonye bimwe mu bimenyetso byavuzwe haruguru ku ngurube boroye, barashishikarizwa gushyira ingurube zabo mu bwishingizi Leta yashyizemo Nkunganire. == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ingurube]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubworozi bw'umwuga]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] r54lj5tjob0u5ynscoxmgptj4dnmsns 0 11902 139152 136931 2026-09-23T03:11:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139152 wikitext text/x-wiki UBUHINZI BW'URUTOKI[[Dosiye:Banana_farming,_Waugh_Pocket,_2018.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Urutoki.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green bananas.jpg|thumb|Igitoki keze]] [[Dosiye:Backyard Banana planting among the Luhya tribe of Kenya.jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:A banana sprout.jpg|thumb|A banana sprout]] [[Dosiye:Peeled Green bananas.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Banana.plant.kewgardens.arp.jpg|thumb|Banana.plant]] [[Dosiye:Boiled bananas garnished with spring onions served for breakfast.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Sunny afternoon in Bbamba Wakiso district,Uganda.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Green plants in Africa (Banana & more).jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Nimbus clouds over banana plants and green scenery in Western Uganda 02.jpg|thumb|Urutoki]] [[Dosiye:Banana tree with green bananas.jpg|thumb|Banana tree with green bananas]] [[Dosiye:Green bananas on tree.jpg|thumb|Green bananas tree]] Ubuhinzi bw’urutoki bumwinjiriza asaga igice kirenga cya miliyoni mu kwezi. Dufite ibitoki biribwa, ibyengwamo imitobe n'inzoga, ibyikuzwa n'imishabi. Amoko y'insina zihingwa arimo aya gakondo atanga umusaruro muke, n'amoko ya kijyambere atanga umusaruro mwiza kandi akihanganira indwara n'ibyonnyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.jobcenter.rw/amakuru/babikora-bate/article/huye-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki-bumwinjiriza-asaga-igice-cya-miliyoni-mu-kwezi |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527142915/http://jobcenter.rw/amakuru/babikora-bate/article/huye-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki-bumwinjiriza-asaga-igice-cya-miliyoni-mu-kwezi |archive-date=2019-05-27 |access-date=2022-05-20}}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Yatejwe-imbere-n-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki</ref><ref>http://197.243.22.137/nozubu/fileadmin/user_upload/TUBURA/urutoki_-_production.pdf</ref> 1. '''Amoko y'insina za kijyambere''' '''2.  Amoko ya gakondo''' === Gutegura umurima w'ibitoki === * Gushyiraho uburyo bwo kurwanya isuri * Kurima bwa mbere bakuramo ibyatsi bibi; * Guhinga bwa kabiri baringaniza ubutaka ngo bwakire imibyare. * '''Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo''': Umwobo wo guteramo wagombye kugira nibura m 0.6 z'ubujyakuzimu na  m 0.9 z'umurambararo. Ubutaka bwiza bwo hejuru busubizwa mu mwobo bukavangwa n'ifumbire y'imborera.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwurutoki.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172325/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bwurutoki.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Gutera ibiti.jpg|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'urutoki]] === Guhitamo imibyare : === === Gutegura umwobo wo guteramo nk'uko byavuzwe haruguru === * '''Guhitamo imibyare''': imibyare myiza ni ifite uburebure kuva kuri m 1.8 kugeza kuri m 2.1 kandi inanutse, amababi asongoye nk'inkota, n'ubwo imibyare mito cyane ari yo yakabaye myiza niba nyina ifite ubuzima bwiza. * Igihe umubyare ugifashe kuri nyina, bawukuraho bakase n'imbaraga  bajyana hasi bakoresheje igitiyo gisukuye. Barandurana n'igice gihagije cy'ubutaka bwo munsi n'imizi ifashe ku mubyare. * Inguri idafite imibyare igaragara bashobora kuyikatamo uduce. Buri gace gafite umumero karashyira kakavamo umubyare ariko ibi bitwara igihe kinini, icyiza ni ugukoresha umubyare. * Gukata ibice by'umubyare byapfuye, ibyariwe n'udukoko, ibyaboze n'ibyahinduye ibara Niba umubyare warononekaye hafi ya wose, ushyirwa kure y'indi hanyuma bagashaka ibindi bikoresho by'ubuhinzi.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Wetlands in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Gusukura Insina]] === Gusukura insina yo gutera no kuyitera: === * Gushyushya amazi akagera kuri dogere 50oC * Nyuma y'ibyo, kuzimya umuriro no gushyira inguri muri ya mazi mu gihe cy'iminota  20 Kuzuza ubutaka bwiza mu mwobo. Gusiga umwanya wa sentimetero nkeya hejuru kugira ngo amazi yinjiremo. * Ubusharire bwiza mu butaka bwakira insina ni uburi hagati ya  5.5 na 7.  Ubusharire bugeze kuri 7.5 cyangwa hejuru yaho bishobora kwangiza insina. * Gushyira umubyare mu butaka bushya uhagaze.  Wagombye guterwa rwagati mu mwobo mu burebure bwa sentimetero 20. * [[Dosiye:Banana Tree from Kerala 5002.JPG|thumb|Insina]]Ubundi, bakata insina hagasigara uburebure bwa sentimetero 20.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/Yatejwe-imbere-n-ubuhinzi-bw-urutoki</ref> === Kwita ku gihingwa cy'ibitoki === === Kubagara: === Gukuramo ibimera cyangwa ibindi byatsi bibi byimejeje mu murima, kureba neza niba ifumbire  yakoreshejwe ku gihingwa yaragize umumaro, kurwanya ibisambo n'indwara. * Gusasira (kongeraho ubutaka) nabyo birinda umurima kurumba n`uburwayi.<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubukungu/article/gisagara-rwagasana-yinjiza-ibihumbi-300-buri-kwezi-abikesha-urutoki</ref> [[Dosiye:Climate in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imirima]] === Kwicira: === Gukuraho amakoma yapfuye n'insina zapfuye,  kubicamo uduce bigakikizwa ku bihingwa bizima. Ibindi bisigazwa byo mu murima n'ivu ry`ibiti nabyo bishobora kongerwaho bikongerera ubutaka uburumbuke. * Mu gihe insina imaze gukura ikaba ifite imibyare myinshi, yikureho yose usigaze   umwe kugira ngo umusaruro utubuke n'ubuzima bw'insina bube bwiza. * Gukata byose hagasigara umubyare uringaniye  n'ubutaka no  gutwikira ubutaka ku mubyare. Gusubiramo icyo gikorwa ukata cyane mu bujyakuzimu mu gihe byongeye kumera. * Umubyare urokotse ni wo usimbura nyina iyo umaze gutanga umusaruro w'igitoki. * Hari ubwo habaho irengayobora insina zifite ubuzima bwiza zikagira abana babiri'''.'''<ref>https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/uko-mukanka-yaretse-ubwarimu-agahinga-urutoki-asaruramo-toni-enye-mu-kwezi/</ref> === Gufumbira urutoki === Gukoresha inyongeramusaruro, ikimoteri, imborera cyangwa imvange yibi byose. Kongeramo inyongeramusaruro ako kanya nyuma yo gutera ku muzenguruko umwe w` igihingwa cy'insina icyo gikorwa kigasubirwamo buri kwezi. * Ubusanzwe  ifumbire mvaruganda igaragazwa n'ikimenyetso cy'inyuguti 3 (N-P-K) cyerekana ingano y'imyunyungugu ya Azote, Potasiyumu na Fosifore irimo. Insina zisaba urugero ruri hejuru rwa Potasiyumu ariko indi myunyu na yo ifite akamaro. Ushobora gukoresha ifumbire ifite imyunyu igereranyije ( uko ari itatu ku rugero rwenda kungana) cyangwa ugakoresha ifumbire iziba icyuho kiri mu butaka bwawe. * Nta gukoresha ifumbire yakozwe mu byumweru bike bishize kuko ubushyuhe buturuka ku kubora bushobora kwangiza insina. * Mu gihe udafire imborera wakoresha amakoma y'insina cyangwa ibindi byatsi bishobora kubora vuba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kirehe-bamenye-uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhinga-urutoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172325/https://kiny.taarifa.rw/kirehe-bamenye-uburyo-bwiza-bwo-guhinga-urutoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Kuhira.jpg|thumb|KUHIRA]] ==== Kuhira: ==== * Kuhira kenshi ariko ukirinda gukabya * Kubura amazi ni impamvu rusange ituma insina zipfa ariko gukabya kuvomerera bishobora gutera kubora kw'imizi. * Iyo insina zitewe mu gihe nta mvura igwa, ushobora kovomerera buri munsi ariko mu gihe igice cy`ubutaka cyo hejuru kingana na cm 1.5 – 3 cyumagaye. * Gabanya urugero rw'amazi wakoreshaga uko uvomereye mu gihe igihingwa kimaze igihe kinini mu mazi ( ibyo bishobora gutuma imizi ibora). * Mu gihe kiza, mu gihe insina ari bwo zikimera, ushobora gukenera kuvomerera rimwe mu cyumweru cyangwa mu byumweru bibiri. Ibuka gucunga ko ubutaka butota. [[Dosiye:Bananavarieties.jpg|thumb|Bamako y'ibitoki]] Amakoma afasha kurwanya gutota bikabije ni yo mpamvu ugomba kwitonda ntutose igihingwa kikiri gito kitarazana amakoma.<ref name=":1">https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/ibanga-ryo-gufata-neza-urutoki-no-kweza-binini</ref> ==== Gusasira: ==== Gusasira ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byumutse mu gutwikira ubutaka. Bifasha kugumisha  ububobere mu butaka, bikagabanya isuri y'ubutaka, bigakuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bikanazanira ubutaka ifumbire igihe bimaze kubora.<ref name=":1" /> === Ibyiza byo gusasira ni ibihe? === * Gusasira bituma ubutaka bwo munsi bumara igihe kinini buhehereye kuruta iyo ubutaka budatwikiriye. * Bifasha guhangana n'isuri bigabanya ubukana bw'ibitonyanga by'imvura bikanatuma amazi atemba agenda gahoro. * Bikuraho kumera kw'ibyatsi bibi bibyumisha * [[Dosiye:Banana single rows.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bw'urutoki]]Bituma igihingwa gikura neza<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |url=https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/15/rutsiro-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226173829/https://rwandanews24.rw/2022/07/15/rutsiro-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibibi byo gusasira? === === Bisaba umukozi uhoraho ukora ako kazi === ** Bishobora kuzanira ubutaka ibyomyi n'indwara ** Ibikoresho byo gusasira bishobora kubura bityo bigatuma ubutaka bwuma. === '''Uko bikorwa''': === * Kujyana mu murima ibikoresho ushaka gukoresha nk'isaso * Kubisanza ku butaka ukoresheje intoki cyangwa igikoresho cyo mu buhinzi gifite amenyo menshi magufi bita rato (rateau). Gushyiraho isaso ireshya na cm 7-15 uvuye ku butaka cyangwa izengurutse insina. * Nta gushyiraho isaso nyinshi irenga ku nsina cyangwa ituma zitagaragara neza. * Gukoresha ibishishwa byumye bitabora vuba * [[Dosiye:A ripe plantain.jpg|thumb|imizuzu]]Kudakoresha isaso y'ibishishwa bitose cyangwa bikiri icyatsi kibisi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.intyoza.com/gicumbi-ubwoba-ni-bwose-ku-muturage-watemaguriwe-urutoki/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2021-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211020224358/https://www.intyoza.com/gicumbi-ubwoba-ni-bwose-ku-muturage-watemaguriwe-urutoki/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umwezi.rw/?p=5305</ref> === Gukuraho umwanana: === === Bikorwa ryari === === Igihe amabere y'igitoki yamaze kuza hanze yose, bakuraho umwanana. === ==== Kubera iki ==== * Gukuraho umwanana birinda insina indwara ya kirabiranya y'urutoki (BXW) * Igitoki gikura neza iyo umwanana wakuweho.<ref>http://radiotv10.rw/bugesera-umuhinzi-yeza-urutoki-ariko-umusaruro-we-akanga-kuwugurisha-ukaborera-mu-murima/</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230226172326/https://ibicu.com/rutsiro-abagizi-ba-nabi-bitwikiriye-ijoro-batema-urutoki-rwumuturage/</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Urutoki]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuhinzi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] migi0uut3los10b9pi8ayuvpi7ocgzx 0 12662 139139 118120 2026-09-23T02:40:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139139 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Javan Iradukunda''' also popularly known by his stage name '''Javanix''', he's rwandan Musical Artist, Songwriter,entrepreneur,actor and content creator,he's the founder of The Nix Entertainment.his popular songs Kore,amabia,sepera,abashu,Zamani,Ibare,rongora, and more others. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220914210301/https://yegob.rw/javanix-yasabye-abanyarwanda-kubumbatira-urumuri-rwicyizere/</ref><ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2022/04/javanix-yasabye-abanyarwanda.html</ref><ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2022/04/javanix-yasabye-abanyarwanda.html</ref> == Biography == Javanix was born on 16/04, 1994 in Western province of rwanda, Rusizi district he's the son of Ngirimana Sadock and Nyirangirinshuti Esther. Javanix attended primary school at muganza primary school and he later joined Gakenke secondary school and he has completed his Scientific studies at Groupe schoraire Kigeme in southern province, nyamagabe district in physics,Biology, Chemistry where in 2014 joined University of rwanda/College of education in 2014, Javanix had graduated in science with Education. == History == Javanix started singing at his early age in church choir,high school worship team and in singing competitions that used to raise different young talent s at his village. Javanix has recorded his first song in WB record(Ubutumwa) and second one in Infinity record(Coast to Coast) this was in 2014, Javanix could not manage to promote those songs as he was preparing to join his university studies and this was his first family concern. Although he was at College but Singing and writing songs was Javanix's most important moment from 2014 to 2018 where he returned in music game as professional artist. Through a song named "Umuti" In 2018 Javanix has colaborated with rwandan hiphop artist Mukadaff and in 2019 he came up with western collaboration "Night love ft The Same Abiru.and this Year he was awarded as the best Performaning artist in Kivu Awards,Western province. From 2019 Javanix has released more singles and collabo and he later lounched his first album titled (Virus) in 2021 in mega concert that took place in Rusizi district, kamembe City. in 2020 Javanix raised The Nix Entertainment the multi showbisness company where he's currently signed. <ref>https://www.webrwanda.com/2022/04/javanix-yasabye-abanyarwanda.html</ref><ref>https://www.amazon.com/Sepera-Javanix/dp/B098B61V34</ref> == Reference== [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] 8cd2g3qrfkrfrdw6uiwnlklo1t8v3r5 0 12834 139404 138715 2026-09-23T09:40:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139404 wikitext text/x-wiki Zaninka Kabaganza Liliane uzwi nka Kabaganza Liliane Yavutse ku itariki ya 11 Kamena 1975, avukira ahitwa Bibogobogo mu Ntara ya Kivu y’amajyepfo muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo]] (RDC), Papa we umubyara ni Umushumba mu Itorero ryitwa Healing Heart mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] akaba yitwa '''Mukiza Leonard''' naho mama we yitwa '''Nyabaziga Odette''' bakaba barabyaranye abana 6, ni umuririmbyikazi akaba n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo zihimbaza Imana, afite ubwenegihugu bw’ubunyarwanda, uburebure bwa metero 1.51, ni umudamu yashakanye na '''Dusabemungu Ntabajyana''' Celestin mu mwaka 1999 I [[Kigali]], Liliane yamenyekanye cyane muri Chorale Rehoboth,mu ndirimbo nka "Imana ni byose, Iyo ntekereje umugabo witwa Yesu, Getsemani, Habwa ikuzo, Bakundwa n’izindi" Ubu Liliane Kabaganza amaze kwandika indirimbo 68. Indirimbo yanditse mbere ikaba yitwa i Bethelehemu iri kuri Alubumu ya mbere ya Rehoboth Ministries yitwa “Abafite inyota ni muze”.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://agakiza.org/Amateka-y-umuhanzi-Liliane-Kabaganza-Zaninka.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-20 |archive-date=2022-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220920172421/https://agakiza.org/Amateka-y-umuhanzi-Liliane-Kabaganza-Zaninka.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:A view of Congo River from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).jpg|center|thumb|Bibogobogo muri Congo aho Zaninka yavukiye|326x326px]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuririmbyi w'indirimbo z'Imana]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] rxdncf5zpufrlshhsw1ht8zjwiiauj2 0 12835 139076 134451 2026-09-23T02:29:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139076 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox birth control|image=Kondom.jpg|width=200|caption=A rolled-up condom|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|d|ə|m}} or {{IPAc-en|uk|ˈ|k|ɒ|n|d|ɒ|m}}|bc_type=Barrier|date_first_use=Ancient<ref name=Hat2007/><br />Rubber: 1855<ref name=Al2011/><br />Latex: 1920s<ref name=Mc2000/><br />Polyurethane: 1994<br />Polyisoprene: 2008|rate_type=[[Pregnancy]]|failure_measure=first year, latex|perfect_failure%=2|perfect_failure_ref=<ref name="Trussell 2011">{{cite book|last=Trussell|first=James|year=2011|chapter=Contraceptive efficacy|editor1-last=Hatcher|editor1-first=Robert A.|editor2-last=Trussell|editor2-first=James|editor3-last=Nelson|editor3-first=Anita L.|editor4-last=Cates|editor4-first=Willard Jr.|editor5-last=Kowal|editor5-first=Deborah|editor6-last=Policar|editor6-first=Michael S. |title=Contraceptive technology|edition=20th revised|location=New York|publisher=Ardent Media|isbn=978-1-59708-004-0|issn=0091-9721|oclc=781956734|pages=779–863|chapter-url=http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112130150/http://www.contraceptivetechnology.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/CTFailureTable.pdf|archive-date=2013-11-12}}</ref>|typical_failure%=18|typical_failure_ref=<ref name="Trussell 2011" />|duration_effect=|reversibility=Yes|user_reminders=Latex condoms are damaged by oil-based [[Personal lubricant|lubricants]]<ref name=Hat2007/>|clinic_interval=|STD_protection_YesNo=Yes<ref name=Hat2007/>|periods=|benefits=No health care visits required and low cost<ref name=Hat2007/>|weight_gain_loss=|risks=|medical_notes=}} '''Agakingirizo''' ni igikoresho kigabanya amahirwe yo kwanduzanya indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ndetse no gusama inda zitateganijwe.<ref name="Hat2007">{{Cite book|last=Hatcher|first=Robert Anthony|last2=M.D|first2=Anita L. Nelson|title=Contraceptive Technology|date=2007|publisher=Ardent Media|isbn=9781597080019|pages=297–311|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=txh0LpjjhkoC&pg=PA297|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918185600/https://books.google.com/books?id=txh0LpjjhkoC&pg=PA297|archive-date=2017-09-18}}</ref> Habaho agakingirizo k'abagabo n'aka abagore.<ref name="WHO2008">{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|url=https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|hdl-access=free|page=[https://archive.org/details/whomodelformular00unse/page/372 372]}}</ref> Hamwe n'imikoreshereze ikwiye - kandi gakoreshwa mubikorwa byose by'imibonano mpuzabitsina -.Abagore nabo bashakanye bakoresha agakingirizo k'abagabo bashobora kugira amahirwe ya 2% yo gusama.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Hamwe n'imikoreshereze isanzwe, igipimo cyo gutwita kingana na 18% ku mwaka. Imikoreshereze yako igabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, hepatite B, na VIH / SIDA.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Zirinda kandi ku rugero ruto kwirinda indwara ya herpes, papillomavirus ku muntu (HPV), ndetse na sifilis.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Agakingirizo k'umugabo kaba kazungurutse ku gitsina gihagaze mbere yo gukora imibonano kandi kigakora mu gukora inzitizi y'umubiri ibuza amasohoro kwinjira mu mubiri w'uwo muhuje igitsina.<ref name="Hat2007" /><ref name="Sp2011" /> Udukingirizo twabagabo dukorwa muri latex, kandi mubisanzwe, kuva polyurethane, polyisoprene, cyangwa amara y'intama.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Udukingirizo tw'abagabo dufite ibyiza byo koroshya imikoreshereze, byoroshye kubigeraho n'ingaruka nke.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Abafite allergie ya latex igomba gukoreshwa polyurethane cyangwa izindi verisiyo yubukorikori.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Agakingirizo k'abagore gakozwe muri polyurethane kandi karashobora gukoreshwa inshuro nyinshi.<ref name="Sp2011">{{Cite book|last=Speroff|first=Leon|last2=Darney|first2=Philip D.|title=A Clinical Guide for Contraception|date=2011|publisher=Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|isbn=9781608316106|pages=305–307|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f5XJtYkiJ0YC&pg=PT420|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114203840/https://books.google.com/books?id=f5XJtYkiJ0YC|archive-date=2016-11-14}}</ref> Udukingirizo nk'uburyo bwo gukumira indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zakoreshejwe kuva byibura 1544.<ref name="Hat2007" /> Agakingirizo ka reberi kabonetse mu 1855, gakurikirwa n'udukingirizo twa latex muri 1920.<ref name="Al2011">{{Cite book|last=Allen|first=Michael J.|title=The Anthem Anthology of Victorian Sonnets|date=2011|publisher=Anthem Press|isbn=9781843318484|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GQxdE8Ryz9YC&pg=PR51|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Mc2000">{{Cite book|last=McKibbin|first=Ross|title=Classes and Cultures: England 1918–1951|date=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198208556|page=305|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xYuoPxzjnXUC&pg=PA305|language=en}}</ref> Ari kurutonde rw' rw'ishami ry'umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku buzima ku isi, urutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Igiciro cyinshi mu gihugu cy'iterambere kiri hafi 0.03 kugeza US $ 0.08 buri umwe.<ref name="ERC2014">{{Cite web|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=209&searchYear=2015|title=Condoms (Lubricated)|website=International Medical Products Price Guide|publisher=Management Sciences For Health, Inc.|access-date=2 August 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170802170925/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=209&searchYear=2015|archive-date=2 August 2017}}</ref> Muri Leta zunzubumwe z'Amerika ,ubusanzwe agakingirizo kagura amadolari y'Amerika 1.00.<ref name="Sh2011">{{Cite book|last=Shoupe|first=Donna|title=Contraception|date=2011|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9781444342635|page=15|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ksjJcx1CeKcC&lpg=PA15&pg=PA15|language=en|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729155934/https://books.google.com/books?id=ksjJcx1CeKcC&lpg=PA15&pg=PA15|url-status=live}}</ref> Kw'isi yose munsi ya 10% y'abakoresha kuringaniza imbyaro bakoresha agakingirizo.<ref name="Ch2012" /> Ibiciro byo gukoresha agakingirizo biri hejuru mu bihugu byateye imbere.<ref name="Ch2012">{{Cite book|last=Chen|first=Lincoln C.|last2=Amor|first2=Jaime Sepulveda|last3=Segal|first3=Sheldon J.|title=AIDS and Women's Reproductive Health|date=2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=9781461533542|page=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8KWvBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA6|language=en}}</ref> Mu Bwongereza agakingirizo ni uburyo bwa kabiri bukunze kugaragara mu kuboneza urubyaro (22%) mu gihe muri Amerika ari ubwa gatatu bukunze kugaragara (15%).<ref>{{Cite book|last=Herring|first=Jonathan|title=Medical Law and Ethics|date=2014|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780198702269|page=271|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N9JFAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA271|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|pmid=26556545|year=2015|last=Daniels|first=K.|title=Current Contraceptive Use and Variation by Selected Characteristics Among Women Aged 15–44: United States, 2011–2013|journal=National Health Statistics Reports|issue=86|pages=1–14|last2=Daugherty|first2=J.|last3=Jones|first3=J.|last4=Mosher|first4=W.}}</ref> Hafi miliyari esheshatu kugeza icyenda zigurishwa ku mwaka.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Hermann|first=Henry R.|title=Dominance and Aggression in Humans and Other Animals: The Great Game of Life|date=2016|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780128092958|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6sGpDAAAQBAJ&pg=PT529|language=en}}</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] k17o1afk1kxnyshl03rw8bo4nm0lt7b 0 12966 139106 133298 2026-09-23T02:32:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139106 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Croix rouge helping young person in Athletisme at Amahoro stadium kigali RWANDA.jpg|thumb|ubuvuzi bw'ibanze]] [[Dosiye:Traditional Healer.jpg|thumb|Ubuvuzi gakondo]] [[Dosiye:Nurse administers a vaccine.jpg|thumb|Gutera urushinge]] [[Dosiye:Medical Doctor on a microscope in a medical lab. Hopital Douala Cameroun 29.jpg|thumb|Gusuzuma ibizamini]]  Sitati igaragaza uwatangije imiti '''Ubuvuzi''' ni siyansi kandi ikora <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=18–22}}</ref> yo kwita ku murwayi, gucunga indwara, guhanura, gukumira, kuvura, kwanduza imvune cyangwa indwara, no guteza imbere ubuzima bw'abarwayi. Ubuvuzi bukubiyemo ibikorwa bitandukanye by'ubuzima byahinduwe kugira ngo bibungabunge kandi bigarure ubuzima hakoreshejwe gukumira no kuvura indwara. Ubuvuzi bwa none bukoresha ubumenyi bw'ibinyabuzima, ubushakashatsi bw'ibinyabuzima, genetiki, n’ikoranabuhanga mu buvuzi mu gusuzuma, kuvura, no gukumira ibikomere n’indwara, ubusanzwe binyuze mu miti y’imiti cyangwa kubaga, ariko kandi binyuze mu buvuzi butandukanye nko kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe, gutandukana, ibikoresho by’ubuvuzi, ibinyabuzima, n'imirasire ya ionizing, mubindi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dictionary, medicine |url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/medicine |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304154538/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/medicine |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=2 December 2013}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Younger man ready to have his HIV test results.jpg|thumb|Ubuvuzi ]] Ubuvuzi bwakorwaga kuva mu bihe byabanjirije amateka, kandi muri icyo gihe ahanini bwari ubuhanzi (agace ko guhanga n'ubuhanga), akenshi bufitanye isano n'imyizerere ishingiye ku idini na [[Filozofi|filozofiya]] y'umuco wabo. Kurugero, umuganga w'umugabo yakoreshaga ibyatsi akavuga amasengesho yo gukira, cyangwa [[Filozofi|umufilozofe]] n'umuganga wa kera yakoreshaga amaraso akurikije amahame yo gusetsa. Mu binyejana byashize, kuva siyanse ya kijyambere yatangira, ubuvuzi bwinshi bwabaye ihuriro ryubuhanzi na siyanse (byombi byari ingenzi kandi bikoreshwa, munsi y'ubumenyi '''bw'ubuvuzi''' ). Kurugero, mugihe ubuhanga bwo kudoda kubudozi nubuhanzi bwizwe binyuze mu myitozo, y'ubumenyi bwibibera kurwego rwa selile na molekuline mubice biva mu bumenyi. Uburyo bwa kera bw'ubuvuzi, ubu buzwi nk'ubuvuzi gakondo cyangwa ''ubuvuzi bwa rubanda'', bwagumye bukoreshwa cyane mu gihe hatabayeho ubuvuzi bwa siyansi, bityo bakitwa ubundi buvuzi. Ubundi buryo bwo kuvura hanze y'ubuvuzi bwa siyanse hamwe n’umutekano hamwe n’ingirakamaro byitwa kugoragoza. [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] pdlg69mrrb1miuuft9d7j1lcbysy9f4 0 12979 139242 135232 2026-09-23T07:29:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139242 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A close up of a blue-green human iris (with visible freckle)..jpg|thumb|A close up of a blue-green human iris]] [[Dosiye:Human eye, anterior view.jpg|thumb|Ijisho]] [[Dosiye:Human eye, anterior view.jpg|thumb|ijisho]] [[Dosiye:Human eye close up, anterior view.jpg|thumb|Ijisho]] [[Dosiye:Human eye in bright light.jpg|thumb|Ijisho]] [[Dosiye:Human eye in bright light.jpg|thumb|Human eye in bright light]] [[Dosiye:Close up shot of the human eye, 9 August 2024.jpg|thumb|Close up shot of the human eye]] [[Dosiye:A blue eye.jpg|thumb|A blue eye]] [[Dosiye:Schematic diagram of the human eye he.svg|thumb|Schematic diagram of the human eye]] [[Dosiye:Human eye 1.jpg|thumb|Ijisho]] '''Ibara ry'ijisho''' ni [[:en:Polygene|fenotipiki]] ya [[:en:Phenotypic_character|polygeneque]] igenwa n'ibintu bibiri bitandukanye: pigmentation y'imboni ry'ijisho, <ref name="Wielgus">https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1600-0749.2005.00268.x</ref> <ref name="Prota">https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fexer.1998.0518</ref> hamwe n'inshuro biterwa no [[:en:Scattering|gukwirakwiza]] umucyo ukoresheje uburyo bwa turbid muri [[:en:Stroma_of_iris|toroma ya iris]]. <ref name="Fox1978">https://books.google.com/books?id=c2xyxwlm2UkC&pg=PA9</ref> Mu bantu, pigmentation y'imboni ry'iisho iratandukanye kuva mubururu bwijimye ugahinduka umukara bitewe n'ubunini bwa [[:en:Melanin|melanin]] muri epitelium ya iris pigment (iherereye inyuma ya iris). Ibirimo melanin biri muri stroma (irimo imbere y'imboni ry'ijisho), hamwe n'ubucucike bwa selile ya troma. <ref name="Wang">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)</ref> Kugaragara kw'amaso y'ubururu, icyatsi, na hazel biva muri [[:en:Melanin|Tyndall ikwirakwiza]] urumuri muri troma, ibintu bisa nk'ibibara ubururu bw'ikirere bwitwa [[:en:Melanin|Rayleigh gutatanya]]. <ref>Sturm R.A. & Larsson M., Genetics of human iris colour and patterns, Pigment Cell Melanoma Res, 22:544-562, 2009.</ref> Ntabwo ibara ry'ubururu cyangwa icyatsi kiboneka muri iris ya muntu cyangwa amazi ya ocular. <ref name="Fox19782">https://doi.org/10.1109%2FICCV.2005.215</ref> <ref name="Mason">https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fj150239a007</ref> Ibara ry'ijisho rero ni urugero rw'ibara ry'imiterere kandi riratandukanye bitewe n'uburyo bwo kumurika, cyane cyane ku maso y'amabara yoroshye <ref name="Mason" />.Amaso afite amabara meza y'ubwoko bwinshi bw'inyoni aturuka ku kuba hari izindi pigment nka [[:en:Pteridine|pteridine]], [[:en:Purine|purine]], na [[:en:Carotenoid|karotenoide]]. <ref name="Oliphant 1">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenoid</ref> Abantu n'andi matungo bifite fenotipiki itandukanye mu buryo bw'amaso.<ref name="Morris">Morris, PJ. [http://www.athro.com/evo/gen/eyecols.html "Phenotypes and Genotypes for human eye colors."] Athro Limited website. Retrieved 10 May 2006.</ref> == Genetic == [[Dosiye:Pteridine-3D-balls.png|thumb|Molekile ya Pteridine.]] Ibara ryijisho ni uruhererekane rukomoka ku turemangingo dutandukanye. <ref name="Sturm">https://web.archive.org/web/20060909190624/http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~pfuerst/courses/eeobmg640/reading1eyecolor.pdf</ref> <ref name="Grant">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12573082</ref> Utu turemangingo dushakishwa hifashishijwe amashyirahamwe kugira ngo yihindure mato mato ubwayo no muturemangingo bituranye. Izi mpinduka zizwi nka polymorphism imwe-nucleotide imwe cyangwa SNPs. Umubare nyawo w'uturemangingo ugira uruhare mu ibara ry'amaso nturamenyekana, ariko hari abakandida bake. Ubushakashatsi bwakorewe i Rotterdam (2009) bwerekanye ko bishoboka guhanura ibara ry'amaso hamwe n’ibice birenga 90% byukuri byijimye ni ubururu ukoresheje SNP esheshatu gusa. <ref>https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12573082</ref> Hariho ibimenyetso byerekana ko uturemangingo tugera kuri 16 dushobora kuba nyirabayazana w'amaso y'abantu, icyakora, Uturemangingo tubiri nyamukuru tujyanye no guhinduranya amabara y'amaso ni ''[[:en:OCA2|OCA2]]'' na ''[[:en:HERC2|HERC2]]'', kandi byombi biherereye muri Chromosome 15 . <ref name="pmid20944644">https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fjhg.2010.126</ref> == Guhindura ibara ry'amaso == [[Dosiye:Ijisho 1.jpg|thumb|Ijisho]] Abana benshi bavutse bafite ibisekuruza by'abanyaburayi bafite amaso yibara. Mugihe umwana akura, melanocytes (selile ziboneka mumatwi y'umuntu, kimwe n'uruhu n'umusatsi) bitangira kubyara [[:en:Melanin|melanine]]. Kuberako melanocyte selile ikomeza kubyara pigment, mubitekerezo ibara ry'amaso rishobora guhinduka. Ibara ry'amaso akuze rishyirwaho hagati y'amezi 3 na 6 y'amavuko, nubwo ibi bishobora kuba nyuma. <ref name=":0">Burroughs, A. and Leifer, G. (2001) ''Maternity Nursing: An Introductory Text'', W.B. Saunders Medical, p. 172</ref> Kurebera imboni y'ijisho ry'umwana kuva ku ruhande ukoresheje urumuri rwanduye gusa ntirugaragaze inyuma y'imboni, birashoboka kumenya ahari melanine nkeya cyangwa aho zitari. Imboni y'ijisho igaragara mubururu muri ubu buryo bwo kwitegereza birashoboka cyane kuguma ari ubururu uko uruhinja rukura.<ref name=":0" />Imboni igaragara nka zahabu irimo melanine ndetse no muri iyi myaka mike kandi birashoboka ko izahinduka ubururu igahinduka icyatsi cyangwa hazel nkuko uruhinja rugenda rukura.<ref name=":0" /> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ibara Ryijisho}} [[Ikiciro:Health]] lfqz3ey6doi2tzs2zwleqkgbri40mvl 0 13017 139107 114185 2026-09-23T02:32:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139107 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hartford Hospital main entrance.JPG|thumb|Ibitaro bya Hartford i Hartford, muri leta ya Connecticut. Ibitaro ni ubwoko bumwe bwikigo nderabuzima.|371x371px]] [[Dosiye:Gandhigram government hospital.jpg|thumb|367x367px|Gandhi gram government hospitals]] Ikigo '''nderabuzima''', muri rusange, ahantu hose [[Ubuvuzi|hatangirwa ubuvuzi]]. Ibigo nderabuzima biva ku [[:en:Healthcare|mavuriro]] mato no [[:en:Clinic|ku biro bya muganga]] kugeza ku bigo byita [[:en:Doctor's_office|ku barwayi byihutirwa]] ndetse [[:en:Urgent_care|n’ibitaro]] binini bifite [[:en:Hospital|ibyumba byihutirwa]] n’ibigo by’ihungabana. Umubare nubwiza bwibigo nderabuzima mu [[Igihugu|gihugu]] cyangwa mu karere ni kimwe mu bipimo rusange byerekana ko ako karere gatera imbere n’ubuzima bwiza. Mu bihugu byinshi, ibigo nderabuzima bigengwa ku rugero runaka n’amategeko; uruhushya rwikigo gishinzwe kugenzura rusabwa akenshi mbere yuko ikigo gishobora gufungura ubucuruzi. Ibigo nderabuzima birashobora gutunga no gukoreshwa nubucuruzi bugamije inyungu, imiryango idaharanira inyungu, '''guverinoma''', ndetse rimwe na rimwe n’abantu ku giti cyabo, ibipimo bitandukanye bitewe n’[[igihugu]]. Reba kandi impapuro zisubiramo ziherutse, <ref name="Ahmadi">https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cor.2016.05.018</ref> == Ibikorwa byubuzima == [[Dosiye:2008-09-02 NC Eye, Ear, Nose & Throat in Durham.jpg|thumb|Ivuriro ry'amaso, ugutwi, izuru, n'umuhogo i Durham, muri Karoline y'Amajyaruguru, ryerekana ikigo gito gisanzwe.]] Imirimo yikigo nderabuzima ikoreshwa kenshi kugirango yerekane ubunini bwayo. Ibigo nderabuzima binini nibyo bifite umutwaro munini w'abarwayi.Muri Ositaraliya akazi k'ikigo nderabuzima gakoreshwa mu kumenya urwego rw'inkunga ya leta ihabwa icyo kigo. Guverinoma ipima ikigo (cyangwa imyitozo yubuzima) ukurikije '''ibipimo bisanzwe by’abarwayi''' bose ( '''SWPE''' ). Kubara SWPE bigenwa nisesengura ryabarwayi bitabira icyo kigo. Kubara hitabwa ku kigereranyo cya serivisi z'ubuzima (mu madorari) yatanzwe kuri icyo kigo ugereranije n'abandi buri murwayi yitabira. Harimo ibintu biremereye bishingiye kuri buri barwayi demografiya kugirango babaze urwego rutandukanye rwa serivisi zisabwa n'abarwayi bitewe n'uburinganire n'imyaka yabo. <ref>{{cite report |url=http://www.ahwo.gov.au/documents/Publications/1996/Australian%20medical%20workforce%20benchmarks.pdf |title=AUSTRALIAN MEDICAL WORKFORCE BENCHMARKS |date=January 1996 |publisher=Australian Institute of Health and Welfare |page=25 |url-status=unfit |website=Australian Medical Workforce Advisory Committee |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100806234313/http://www.ahwo.gov.au/documents/Publications/1996/Australian%20medical%20workforce%20benchmarks.pdf |archivedate=August 6, 2010}}</ref> Ikibanza cyo kuremera ni uko abarwayi bakeneye serivisi zitandukanye zubuzima bitewe nimyaka yabo nuburinganire. Kurugero, impuzandengo yumurwayi wumugabo isaba inama nke ugereranije na bakuru be nimpinja. Imbonerahamwe yerekana ibintu biremereye bikoreshwa muguhuza imirimo.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20100806234313/http://www.ahwo.gov.au/documents/Publications/1996/Australian%20medical%20workforce%20benchmarks.pdf</ref> == Imbonerahamwe: Imyaka Ibipimo Byibitsina Kubisanzwe SWPE == {| class="wikitable" !Imyaka (imyaka) !Umugabo !Umugore |- |munsi ya 1 |0.960 |0.962 |- |1-4 |1.189 |1.112 |- |munsi ya 10 |0.688 |0.699 |- |15-24 |0.633 |0.938 |- |25-44 |0.729 |1.012 |- |45-64 |0.963 |1.199 |- |65-74 |1.355 |1.623 |- |75+ |1.808 |2.183 |} == Ubwoko bwikigo nderabuzima == === Ibitaro === '''Ibitaro''' ni ikigo cyita kubuzima gitanga [[ubuvuzi]] bwihariye [[:en:Patient|kuburwayi]] (cyangwa nijoro). Ibitaro bimwe byakira cyane cyane abarwayi bafite [[:en:Patient|uburwayi]] cyangwa ububabare runaka, cyangwa bigenewe gusuzuma no kuvura indwara zifata imyaka runaka. Abandi bafite manda yaguka irenze gutanga serivisi zita kubuvuzi no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe kugira uruhare mu kuzamura, gukumira no kwigisha mu rwego rw'ubuvuzi bw'ibanze. Muri iki gihe, ibitaro ubusanzwe biterwa inkunga na leta, imiryango y’ubuzima ( [[:en:For-profit_hospital|ku nyungu]] cyangwa idaharanira inyungu ), n’ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima cyangwa n’abagiraneza ndetse n’impano. Amateka ariko, akenshi yashinzwe kandi agaterwa inkunga namategeko y’amadini cyangwa abantu n’abagiraneza n’abayobozi. Muri iki gihe ibitaro bikorerwamo n'abaganga, abaforomo, abaganga b'inkeragutabara babigize umwuga, n'ibindi, mu gihe mu mateka, ubusanzwe iki gikorwa cyakorwaga n'amabwiriza ashingiye ku idini cyangwa abakorerabushake. === Ikigo nderabuzima === Ibigo nderabuzima, birimo [[:en:Clinic|amavuriro]], [[:en:Doctor's_office|ibiro by’abaganga]], ibigo byita [[:en:Urgent_care|ku barwayi byihutirwa]] n’ibigo nderabuzima bya [[:en:Ambulatory_surgery_center|ambulatory]], bibera umwanya wa mbere w’inzobere mu buzima kandi bitanga ubuvuzi bw’ubuvuzi, ubuforomo, amenyo, n’ubundi bwoko bwa serivisi zita ku barwayi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010 |title=Definition of Terms |url=http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/4FAEFE0B-0194-40FC-A1F7-7BA9CC96F0CD/0/44finalDefinitions2010.pdf |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101209173619/http://www.wpro.who.int/NR/rdonlyres/4FAEFE0B-0194-40FC-A1F7-7BA9CC96F0CD/0/44finalDefinitions2010.pdf |archive-date=December 9, 2010 |website=World Health Organization |location=Manila}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Lab bench.jpg|thumb|Ameza yo muri laboratwari ariho n'ibikoresho.]] === Laboratoire y'ubuvuzi n'ubushakashatsi === Laboratoire yubuvuzi cyangwa laboratoire ni [[:en:Laboratory|laboratoire]] ikorerwa ibizamini ku ngero z’ibinyabuzima hagamijwe kubona amakuru [[Ubuzima|y’ubuzima]] bw’umurwayi. Laboratwari nk'izo zishobora kugabanywamo amashami atandukanye nka mikorobe, indwara ya hematologiya, ibinyabuzima by’ubuvuzi, immunologiya, serologiya, amateka y’amateka, cytologiya, cytogenetike, cyangwa virusi. Mu bihugu byinshi, hari ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa laboratoire itunganya ubwinshi bwubuvuzi. Laboratoire y'ibitaro ifatanye n'ibitaro, kandi ikora ibizamini kuri aba barwayi. Laboratoire yigenga cyangwa iy'abaturage yakira ingero z'abakora ibikorwa rusange, amasosiyete y'ubwishingizi, n'andi mavuriro y’ubuzima kugira ngo babisesengure.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_practitioner</ref> = Referances = [[Ikiciro:Health]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] m8osxmmqhtzsmdxczudliycg8vrlj53 0 13021 139262 133488 2026-09-23T07:33:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139262 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mental-health.jpg|thumb|uburwayi bwo mumutwe]] [[Dosiye:Mental_Health_Message.jpg|thumb|Mental Health Message]] [[Dosiye:Autism-Neurodiversity-or-Mental-health-symbol.svg|thumb|Mental-health-]] '''[[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|Icyorezo cya COVID-19]]''' cyagize ingaruka ku buzima bwo mu '''[[:en:Mental_health|mutwe bw'abantu]]''' ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2020-02-11 |title=Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) |url=https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html |access-date=2020-05-17 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |language=en-us}}</ref> <ref name="Stix_2021">{{Cite web |title=Pandemic Year 1 Saw a Dramatic Global Rise in Anxiety and Depression |url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pandemic-year-1-saw-a-dramatic-global-rise-in-anxiety-and-depression/ |access-date=2021-10-10 |website=Scientific American |language=en}}</ref> Icyorezo cyateje [https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pandemic-year-1-saw-a-dramatic-global-rise-in-anxiety-and-depression/ impungenge] nyinshi, kwiheba, n'ibimenyetso by'ihungabana nyuma yo guhahamuka. <ref>https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pandemic-year-1-saw-a-dramatic-global-rise-in-anxiety-and-depression/</ref> <ref name="Santomauro_2021">https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/managing-stress-anxiety.html</ref> Nk’uko ikigo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye cyita ku buzima [[:en:World_Health_Organization|WHO]] kibitangaza, mu mwaka wa mbere w’icyorezo cya '''COVID-19''', ubwiyongere bw’ibibazo bisanzwe nko kwiheba [[Dosiye:Free_3D_Illustration_Of_A_Mental_Health_Conceptual_Image_By_Quince_Media_05.jpg|thumb|Free 3D Illustration Of A Mental Health Conceptual Image By Quince Media 05]] no guhangayika, bwazamutseho hejuru ya 25%. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-02 |title=COVID-19: Depression, anxiety soared 25 per cent in a year |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113162 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=UN News |language=en |archive-date=2022-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220731210145/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/03/1113162 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-17 |title=Nearly one billion people have a mental disorder: WHO |url=https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/06/1120682 |access-date=2022-07-31 |website=UN News |language=en}}</ref> Icyorezo cyangiritse ku mibanire myiza, kwizerana mu bigo ndetse no mu bandi bantu, cyateje impinduka mu kazi no kwinjiza amafaranga, kandi gishyiraho umutwaro munini wo guhangayika no guhangayikisha abaturage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=OECD |url=https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=126_126985-nv145m3l96&title=COVID-19-Protecting-people-and-societies |access-date=2020-05-07 |website=read.oecd-ilibrary.org |archive-date=2020-05-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200515004650/https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/view/?ref=126_126985-nv145m3l96&title=COVID-19-Protecting-people-and-societies |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abagore n'urubyiruko bahura n'ingaruka zikomeye zo kwiheba no guhangayika. <ref name="Stix_2021" /> <ref name="Santomauro_2021" /> '''COVID-19''' yakajije umurego ibibazo biterwa no [[:en:Substance_use_disorders|gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge]] (SUDs). Icyorezo cyibasiye cyane abantu bafite SUD. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7396653</ref> Ingaruka z'ubuzima bwa SUDs (urugero, [[:en:Cardiovascular_diseases|indwara z'umutima]] -damura, [[:en:Respiratory_diseases|indwara z'ubuhumekero]], diyabete yo mu [[:en:Type_2_diabetes|bwoko bwa 2]], [[:en:Immunosuppression|immunosuppression]] hamwe na [[:en:Central_nervous_system_depression|sisitemu yo hagati yo kwiheba]], hamwe n'indwara zo mu mutwe ), hamwe n'ibibazo bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije (nko guhungabana kw'amazu, ubushomeri, no kugira uruhare mu butabera mpanabyaha), bifitanye isano nubwiyongere bwokwandura '''COVID-19'''. Amategeko agenga ibisobanuro, kimwe n’ubushomeri n’ingamba zo kugabanya ingengo y’imari mu gihe cy’icyorezo ndetse [[Dosiye:Mental_Health_Portrait.jpg|thumb|Ubuzima Bwo mumutwe]] n’icyakurikiyeho, birashobora kandi kugira ingaruka ku isoko ry’ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe n’uburyo bukoreshwa mu bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge bitemewe.Ingamba zo kugabanya ubukana (ni ukuvuga intera y'umubiri, akato, no [[:en:Social_isolation|kwigunga]] ) birashobora kongera irungu, ibimenyetso by'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe, ibimenyetso byo kwikuramo, hamwe n'ihungabana ryo mu mutwe. == Impamvu == [[Dosiye:Covid-19 San Salvatore 09.jpg|thumb|Umuganga [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8237073 anesthesiologue] unaniwe i Pesaro, mu Butaliyani, Werurwe 2020]] Impamvu zizwi zitera ibibazo byubuzima bwo mu mutwe mugihe cyicyorezo harimo gutinya kwandura, gusebanya bijyana no kwandura, [[:en:Social|kwigunga]] (byashyizweho nabantu bihungira bonyine cyangwa kubahiriza gufunga), hamwe na masike. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Larsen |first=Jo |date=2021-11-29 |title=7 Remote Working From Home Techniques To Protect Mental Health |url=https://jolarsen.com/remote-working-from-home/ |access-date=2022-05-24 |website=jolarsen.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyari bimukiye mu [[:en:Remote_work|kazi]] kokuri interineti, ubushomeri bw'agateganyo, [[:en:Distance_education|amashuri]] yo mu [[:en:Homeschooling|rugo]] cyangwa amashuri ya [[Kwiga intera|kure]], no kutagira aho bahurira n'abagize umuryango, inshuti ndetse na bagenzi bawe. <ref>https://www.unifiedinfotech.net/blog/the-effects-of-working-from-home-how-to-cope-with-the-new-normal/</ref> == Abitazwi == Igihe icyorezo cyatangiraga, ibyago ntibyari bizwi. Mugihe abantu barwaye binjiye mubitaro kandi inama zemewe zagiye zihinduka, kubura amakuru byongera imihangayiko no guhangayika. <ref name="Labrague_2021">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8237073</ref> Ibidashidikanywaho byinshi byagose intangiriro y’icyorezo, harimo kugereranya ibyago byanduye, ibimenyetso bifitanye isano hagati ya '''COVID-19''' nibindi bibazo byubuzima. <ref name="iascg">{{Cite web |title=Inter-Agency Standing Committee Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial support |url=https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331002938/https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2020 |access-date=28 March 2020 |publisher=MH Innovation}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Good_mental_health_2686188.svg|thumb|Good mental health]] [[Dosiye:Mental_Health_-_The_Noun_Project.svg|thumb|Mental Health -]] == Agasuzuguro == gihe icyorezo cyatangiraga, umuntu wese wasangaga abantu banduye yagombaga gukemura ikibazo cy’uko bashobora kuba baranduye bityo bakaba bashobora guteza umuryango wabo ndetse n’abandi. Rimwe na rimwe wasangaga basuzugurwa. <ref name="iascg2">{{Cite web |title=Inter-Agency Standing Committee Guidelines on Mental Health and Psychosocial support |url=https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200331002938/https://www.mhinnovation.net/sites/default/files/downloads/resource/IASC%20Interim%20Briefing%20Note%20on%20COVID-19%20Outbreak%20Readiness%20and%20Response%20Operations%20-%20MHPSS.pdf |archive-date=31 March 2020 |access-date=28 March 2020 |publisher=MH Innovation}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=ICN COVID-19 Update: New guidance on mental health and psychosocial support will help to alleviate effects of stress on hard-pressed staff |url=https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-covid-19-update-new-guidance-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-will-help-alleviate |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328121114/https://www.icn.ch/news/icn-covid-19-update-new-guidance-mental-health-and-psychosocial-support-will-help-alleviate |archive-date=28 March 2020 |access-date=28 March 2020 |website=ICN - International Council of Nurses |language=en}}</ref> <ref>https://emergency.cdc.gov/coping/responders.asp</ref> {{DEFAULTSORT:Ubuzima_Bwo_mumutwe_mugihe_cya_covid -19}} [[Ikiciro:Health]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] l8o4d28lnw8bdyhctrf7jpct1zz13fa 0 13217 139077 116824 2026-09-23T02:29:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139077 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda is mobilizing young people to chech for hypertension.jpg|thumb|Umuganga arimo gusuzuma umurwayi indwara zitandura.]] [[Dosiye:Abamugaye.jpg|thumb|254x254px|abamugaye]] [[Dosiye:Star_of_life2.svg|thumb|Health ]] '''Agaciro Kubuzima mu Rwanda''' bwabaye amateka mabi cyane, haba mbere na nyuma ya jenoside yo mu 1994 yakorewe abatutsi.<ref>Generated from: Sfn</ref>Mu 1998, abana barenze umwe kuri batanu bapfuye mbere yimyaka 5.<ref>Generated from: Sfn</ref> akenshi bazize [[malariya]]. Ariko mu myaka yashize u Rwanda rwateye imbere ku bipimo byinshi by’ubuzima. Hagati ya 2005 na 2013, icyizere cyo kubaho cyiyongereye kiva kuri 55.2 kigera kuri 64.0, impfu z’abatarengeje imyaka 5 zagabanutse ziva kuri 106.4 zigera kuri 52.0 ku bana 1.000 bavutse ari bazima, kandi indwara y’igituntu yavuye kuri 101 igera kuri 69 ku bantu 100.000. <ref>Generated from: Sfn</ref> ry’igihugu mu buvuzi ryatangajwe n’ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga n’abagiraneza. ''[[:en:The_Atlantic|Atlantike]]'' yahaye ingingo "Ubuzima bw’amateka y’u Rwanda". <ref>Generated from: Sfn</ref> Abafatanyabikorwa mu Buzima basobanuye inyungu z’ubuzima "mu bintu bitangaje isi yabonye mu myaka 50 ishize". <ref>Generated from: Sfn</ref> [[Dosiye:Handicapped_Accessible_sign.svg|thumb]] == Ubuzima bw'ababyeyi n'umwana == U Rwanda ruri mu nzira zo gusohoza [[:en:Millennium_Development_Goals|intego z'ikinyagihumbi]] 4 na 5. Ukurikije umubare w'abana bapfa bapfa bavuka, wagabanutse uva ku bantu 1,400 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima mu 1990 ugera ku 320 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima muri 2013. <ref>MMEIG2014</ref> Ibi byari bifite impuzandengo yumwaka yo kugabanuka kugera kuri 8,6 kuva 2000 kugeza 2013. <ref name="ReferenceA">fulfilling the health agenda for women and children. The 2014 report. Countdown to 2015.Maternal,newborn and child survival</ref> Bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye nk'ubukene, imihanda mibi kubera ubutayu bw'imisozi mu cyaro, kuyobya imyizerere gakondo ndetse n'ubumenyi budahagije ku bibazo bijyanye no gutwita, 31 ku ijana by'abagore barangiza bakabyarira mu rugo nubwo bafite gahunda y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima rusange. Bimwe mu bisubizo byashakishijwe ku mbogamizi zirimo amahugurwa y’abakozi benshi bashinzwe ubuzima bw’abaturage (amatsinda y’ubuzima bwo mu mudugudu) kugira ngo bakangurire abaturage, hejuru yo kubaha telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo bavugane n’ibigo nderabuzima mu bihe byihutirwa nko kuva amaraso. Umubare wa ambilansi kuri bimwe mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu cyaro nawo wariyongereye. <ref>Glorai A .Iribadiza A Rwanda where no woman dies giving birth. Ministry of Gender and Family promotion 2013</ref> Raporo iheruka gukorwa na OMS benshi mu bagore batwite bapfa bazize kuva amaraso (25%), hypertension (16%), gukuramo inda na sepsis (10% buri umwe) kandi umubare muto bapfa bazize embolisme (2%). <ref>WHO report 2013</ref> [[Dosiye:Disability_symbols.svg|thumb|Disability symbols]] Icyifuzo cyo kuboneza urubyaro cyujujwe kuri 71% muri 2010; umubare w’abagore bagiye gusura mbere yo kubyara inshuro enye cyangwa zirenga wazamutse ugera kuri 35% mu mwaka wa 2010, bikaba bishobora kuba byaratumye ubwiyongere bugaragara bw’umubare w’abagore batwite bashaka umufasha w’inzobere mu kubyara uva kuri 26% mu 1992 ugera kuri 69% muri 2010. <ref name="ReferenceA2">fulfilling the health agenda for women and children. The 2014 report. Countdown to 2015.Maternal,newborn and child survival</ref> Mu rwego rwo gukumira virusi itera SIDA ku babyeyi kugeza ku mwana, mu mwaka wa 2010 ijanisha rya virusi itera sida n'abagore batwite bahabwa imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ryazamutse riva kuri 67% rigera kuri 87% muri 2012. <ref>UNICEF,UNAIDS,WHO 2013</ref> 45 ku ijana by'abagore bari hagati y’imyaka 15 na 49 koresha uburyo bwo kuboneza urubyaro. Ugereranyije, abagore bo mu Rwanda, babyara abana 4,6 mu buzima bwabo bwose (RDHS 2010). [[Dosiye:Dispositif_de_test_de_dépistage_rapide_résultat_positif_pour_le_paludisme(malaria)_01.jpg|thumb|Dispositif de test de dépistage rapide résultat positif pour le paludisme(malaria) 01]] {| class="wikitable" !Ibipimo byubuzima mubana !Umubare |- |Umubare w'abana bavuka ku 1.000 bavutse bose (2009) <ref>Global health observatory data repository WHO 2013</ref> <ref>(stillbirth rate originally published in Consens et al Lancet 2011</ref> |23.0 |- |Umubare w'abana bapfa bavuka 1.000 bavutse ari bazima (2012) <ref name="ReferenceB">UNICEF/WHO/THE WORLD BANK/UN Pop. Div. levels and trends in child mortality. Report 2013</ref> |20.9 |- |Umubare w'impfu z'abana bavuka (2012) <ref name="ReferenceB" /> |9.263 |- |Umubare w'abana bapfa bavuka 1.000 bavutse ari bazima (2012) <ref name="ReferenceB" /> |38.8 |- |Umubare w'impfu z'abana (2012) <ref name="ReferenceB" /> |17,154 |} == VIH / SIDA == [[Dosiye:IPSF HIV-AIDS Campaign Logo.jpg|thumb|Ikirango cy'ubukangurambaga bwo kwirinda no gukumira ubwandu bwa sida.|183x183px]] Mu bihe bya nyuma ya jenoside, Ikigega cy’isi gishinzwe kurwanya SIDA, Igituntu na Malariya (Global Fund) hamwe na gahunda yihutirwa ya Perezida wa Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika ishinzwe kurwanya SIDA (PEPFAR) byakoreshejwe cyane cyane muri gahunda za virusi itera SIDA mu Rwanda. <ref>Paul E Farmer et al Reduced premature mortality in Rwanda BMJ 2013</ref> Muri Kamena 2012, abantu 113 barwaye virusi itera SIDA mu Rwanda bahawe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA, bituma u Rwanda (hamwe na Botswana ikize cyane) ruba kimwe mu bihugu bibiri byo muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara kugira ngo bigere ku ntego z'umuryango w'abibumbye zo kugera kuri bose imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA. . <ref>World Health Organization, Joint United Nations Programme HIV/AIDS, UNICEF. Towards Universal Access. Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector 2010. www.int/HIV/pub/2010 progress report/enindex.html</ref> Icyorezo cya SIDA mu Rwanda cyagumye ku kigero cya 3% mu myaka irindwi ishize. <ref>Rwanda biomedical centre.Country progress report for Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 2012.www.UNAIDS.org/en/data analysis/know you response/country progress reports/2012 countries/ce_RW_ Narrative_ Report.pdf</ref> Kubyerekeranye nigishushanyo cya gapminder, igereranya hagati yicyizere cyo kubaho numubare wabantu banduye virusi itera sida (umubare, imyaka yose). Irerekana ko hagati ya 1989 na 1990, umubare w'ababana na virusi itera SIDA wari 181.838 bafite icyizere cyo kubaho imyaka 48. Muri jenoside yo mu 1994, umubare wariyongereye ugera ku 200.000 ufite imyaka 6 yo kubaho. Mugihe cya nyuma ya jenoside, 1995 imibare yari ikiri imwe ariko icyizere cyo kubaho cyariyongereye kugeza ku myaka 40 kuko ubu gahunda ya sida yari yatangiye buhoro buhoro. Muri 2011, imibare yari ikiri imwe ariko icyizere cyo kubaho cyarashwe kugeza ku myaka 63 yerekanaga ko umubare wabantu bahabwa anti-virusi kandi wariyongereye bigatuma abantu benshi babaho igihe kirekire. [[Dosiye:Campaña_prevención_VIH_Sida_en_Parque_O'Higgins.jpg|thumb|VIH Sida ]] [[Dosiye:Vih-sida.jpg|thumb]] == Malariya == [[Dosiye:Trois kits de test de dépistage rapide positif pour le paludisme(malaria) sur table 03.jpg|thumb|Udukoresho twifashishwa mu gupima malariya.|180x180px]] [[Dosiye:Fighting_malaria_(10695084334).jpg|thumb|Fighting malaria ]] baturage bose b'u Rwanda bafite ibyago byo kurwara [[malariya]]. <ref name=":0">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President's_Malaria_Initiative</ref> [[:en:Transmission_(medicine)|Kwandura]] ni mesoendemic (kugira kwanduza ibihe bisanzwe) mubibaya kandi bikunze kwibasirwa n'ibyorezo mubibaya birebire n'imisozi. <ref name=":0" /> Mu turere tw’icyorezo, kwandura malariya bibaho umwaka wose hamwe n’ibihe byinshi muri Gicurasi - Kamena na Ugushyingo - Ukuboza. <ref name=":0" /> U Rwanda rwateye intambwe ishimishije mu kurwanya malariya kuva mu 2005 kugeza 2012, muri icyo gihe hagabanutseho 86% by’abanduye malariya naho 74% by’impfu za malariya. <ref name=":02">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President's_Malaria_Initiative</ref> Icyakora, hagati ya 2012 na 2016, u Rwanda rwiyongereyeho inshuro zirenga 8 ubwandu bwa malariya. <ref name=":02" /> Ubwiyongere bwagaragaye mu gihugu cyose ariko bunini mu ntara z’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo. <ref name=":02" /> Nubwo indwara ya malariya yiyongereye ku buryo bugaragara, ubwiyongere buke bwonyine bwagaragaye mu bantu bakomeye no mu rupfu, aho byagabanutse cyane ku bipimo by’impfu byerekana imicungire ikomeye ya malariya. <ref name=":02" /> == Igituntu == Kwagura no kuzamura uburyo bwo kuvura butaziguye Amasomo magufi (DOTS) mu ngingo esheshatu zo guhagarika igituntu (TB) zasobanuwe na Laserson na Wells zashyizwe mu bikorwa mu Rwanda na gahunda ihuriweho na minisiteri y’ubuzima gahunda yo kurwanya ibibembe n’igituntu kuva mu 1990. Ibi byatumye ibipimo byo gutsinda bivura biva kuri 58% (2003) bigera kuri 81% mu mpera za 2006. Mu 2005, ijanisha ryo kwandura igituntu ryari 24%, rikaba riri munsi y’intego yo gutahura indwara. <ref>Michael Gasana et al Tuberculosis in Rwanda: Challenges to reaching the targets. Bulletin of the World Health Organization vol.85,number 5, May 2007, p325-420</ref> [[Dosiye:Sida-aids.png|thumb|Sida-aids]] === Referances === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Health]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ubuzima_Mu_Rwanda}} pps6p51lhr19um31rx33m0jcs2qhlgk 0 13226 139209 112220 2026-09-23T07:13:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Postpartum baby2.jpg|thumb|199x199px|Umubyeyi umaze kubyara]] [[Dosiye:Palestinian_woman_from_the_Gaza_Strip_is_giving_birth_to_to_quadruplets_in_a_caesarean_surgery_in_Israel_Hospital.JPG|thumb|Umubyey urimo kubyara bamubaze |188x188px]] [[Dosiye:Newborn human child.jpg|thumb|187x187px|newborn human child]] U Rwanda ruri mu nzira zo gusohoza intego z'ikinyagihumbi 4 na 5. Ukurikije umubare w'abana bapfa bapfa bavuka, wagabanutse uva ku bantu 1,400 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima mu 1990 ugera ku 320 bapfa ku 100.000 bavutse ari bazima muri 2013. <ref>[[Ubuzima Mu Rwanda#cite note-6]]</ref> Ibi byari bifite impuzandengo yumwaka yo kugabanuka kugera kuri 8,6 kuva 2000 kugeza 2013. <ref>[[Ubuzima Mu Rwanda#cite note-ReferenceA-7]]</ref> Bitewe n'impamvu zitandukanye nk'ubukene, imihanda mibi kubera ubutayu bw'imisozi mu cyaro, kuyobya imyizerere gakondo ndetse n'ubumenyi budahagije ku bibazo bijyanye no gutwita, 31 ku ijana by'abagore barangiza bakabyarira mu rugo nubwo bafite gahunda y'ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima rusange. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/indwara-yo-kuva-ihitana-25-by-abagore-bapfa-babyara-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930084619/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/indwara-yo-kuva-ihitana-25-by-abagore-bapfa-babyara-mu-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref>Bimwe mu bisubizo byashakishijwe ku mbogamizi zirimo amahugurwa y’abakozi benshi bashinzwe ubuzima bw’abaturage (amatsinda y’ubuzima bwo mu mudugudu) kugira ngo bakangurire abaturage, hejuru yo kubaha telefoni zigendanwa kugira ngo bavugane n’ibigo nderabuzima mu bihe byihutirwa nko kuva amaraso. Umubare wa ambilansi kuri bimwe mu bigo nderabuzima byo mu cyaro nawo wariyongereye.  Raporo iheruka gukorwa na OMS benshi mu bagore batwite bapfa bazize kuva amaraso (25%), hypertension (16%), gukuramo inda na sepsis (10% buri umwe) kandi umubare muto bapfa bazize embolisme (2%). <ref>[[Ubuzima Mu Rwanda#cite note-ReferenceA-7]]</ref> == Igabanyuka zipfu nyuma yimyaka 26 == [[Dosiye:Au Laboratoire au Cameroun 16.jpg|thumb|195x195px|Abaganga bari gufasha umugore utwite ]] [[Dosiye:Medical examination, pregnant women.jpg|thumb|174x174px|Umugore uri kunda]] Nyuma yimyaka 26 ishize u Rwanda rwibohoye, abagore barashimiri iguhugu ndetse nabaganga kuko umubare w'abapfa babyara wagabanutse cyane, intego ikaba ari uko umubare ugera mu munsi y'impfu 70 mu bagore ibihumbi 100 bitarenze mu 2030.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/indwara-yo-kuva-ihitana-25-by-abagore-bapfa-babyara-mu-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930084619/https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/indwara-yo-kuva-ihitana-25-by-abagore-bapfa-babyara-mu-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref>  Ubuhamya bwa bamwe mu bagore bwumvikanisha uburyo ubuzima bw'umubyeyi butari bworoshye mu myaka yo hambere mbere y'uko u Rwanda rubohorwa.Umubyeyi witwa Mukankusi Rachel aravuga uburyo mu myaka yo hambere abagore benshi babyariraga mu ngo.<ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Imibare-irivugira-Mu-myaka-26-ishize-abagore-bapfa-babyara-baragabanutse-cyane</ref> nubwo tumwe muturere twu Rwanda hakigaragaramo Ipfu zababyeyi bapfa babyara kurugero rutari hejuru cyane ukurikije nimyaka yashije. iyo urebye mu Karere ka Gatsibo haracyagaragara ikibazo cy’impfu z’abana n’ababyeyi bapfa babyara, Akarere ka Gatsibo kakaba kari gushyira ingufu cyane mu kureba icyakorwa ngo icyo kibazi gishire.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Gatsibo-Barashakira-igisubizo-impfu-z-abana-n-ababyeyi-bapfa-babyara</ref> === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Health]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima bwababye]] t3wfe62fqnqzvo24uqor6zspftkma5v 0 13232 139358 115799 2026-09-23T09:07:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139358 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Depiction of a tuberculosis patient.png|thumb|umurwayi wigitunu|193x193px]] [[Dosiye:Nurse with patient in City Hospital Tuberculosis Division, 1927 (3360591344).gif|thumb|191x191px|kwipimisha igitunu]] [[Dosiye:Tuberculosis image1.jpg|thumb|Tuberculosis image]] [[Dosiye:Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bacteria, the Cause of TB (52765697337).jpg|thumb|Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bacteria]] [[Dosiye:Tuberculosis Death Rate, United States LCCN2016887583.jpg|thumb|Tuberculosis ]] [[Dosiye:Tuberculosis-x-ray-1.jpg|thumb|Tuberculosis-x-ray]] '''Igituntu''' ni [[:en:Infectious_disease|indwara yandura]] ikunze guterwa na [[bagiteri]] ya ''[[:en:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis|Mycobacterium igituntu]]'' (MTB). <ref name="WHO2015Fact">https://books.google.com/books?id=pz2ORay2HWoC&pg=RA1-PA352</ref> Igituntu muri rusange gifata [[:en:Lung|ibihaha]], ariko gishobora no gufata ibindi bice byumubiri. <ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Indwara nyinshi ntizigaragaza ibimenyetso, muricyo gihe izwi nkigituntu cyihishe. <ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Hafi ya 10% yanduye yihishe itera indwara zikomeye iyo zitavuwe, zica hafi kimwe cya kabiri cyabanduye. <ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Ibimenyetso bisanzwe byigituntu gikora ni inkorora idakira hamwe na mucus irimo amaraso, umuriro, ibyuya nijoro, no kugabanya ibiro. <ref name="WHO2015Fact" /> Mu mateka yavuzweho '''kurya''' kubera gutakaza ibiro bifitanye isano n'indwara. <ref name="Cha1998">https://books.google.com/books?id=pz2ORay2HWoC&pg=RA1-PA352</ref> Kwanduza izindi ngingo birashobora gutera ibimenyetso byinshi. <ref name="ID10">https://books.google.com/books?id=pz2ORay2HWoC&pg=RA1-PA352</ref> == Irwara yigitunu Mu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Mycobacterium tuberculosis.jpg|thumb|Bagiteriya y'igituntu uko igaragara muri mikorosikope.|165x165px]] Kwagura no kuzamura uburyo bwo kuvura butaziguye Amasomo magufi (DOTS) mu ngingo esheshatu zo guhagarika igituntu (TB) zasobanuwe na Laserson na Wells zashyizwe mu bikorwa mu Rwanda na gahunda ihuriweho na minisiteri y’ubuzima gahunda yo kurwanya ibibembe n’igituntu kuva mu 1990. Ibi byatumye ibipimo byo gutsinda bivura biva kuri 58% (2003) bigera kuri 81% mu mpera za 2006. Mu 2005, ijanisha ryo kwandura igituntu ryari 24%, rikaba riri munsi y’intego yo gutahura indwara. <ref>Michael Gasana et al Tuberculosis in Rwanda: Challenges to reaching the targets. Bulletin of the World Health Organization vol.85,number 5, May 2007, p325-420</ref><ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=pz2ORay2HWoC&pg=RA1-PA352</ref> == icyiyitera == === Mycobacteria === [[Dosiye:Woman coughing.png|thumb|170x170px|Gukorora kimwe mubimenyetso by'igituntu]] mpamvu nyamukuru itera igituntu ni ''[[:en:Mycobacterium_tuberculosis|Mycobacterium igituntu]]'' (MTB), [[:en:Bacillus|bacillus]] ntoya, aerobic, idafite moteri. <ref name="ID102">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)</ref> Ibinini byinshi bya lipide biri muri iyi virusi bitera byinshi mubiranga ivuriro. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-147722-2</ref> Igabanya buri masaha 16 kugeza kuri 20, nigipimo cyihuta cyane ugereranije nizindi bagiteri, ubusanzwe zigabanywa mugihe kitarenze isaha. <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=rAT1bdnDakAC&pg=PA525</ref> Mycobacteria ifite membrane yo hanze lipid bilayeri. <ref name="Niederweis2010">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2931330</ref> Niba ikaramu ya Gram ikozwe, MTB ishobora kuba ifite intege nke "Gram-positif" cyangwa ntigumana irangi bitewe na lipide nyinshi hamwe na aside mycolike yo murukuta rwayo. <ref name="Madison_2001">https://doi.org/10.1080%2F714028138</ref> MTB irashobora kwihanganira imiti yica udukoko kandi ikabaho mugihe cyicyumweru. Muri kamere, bagiteri irashobora gukura gusa mu ngirabuzimafatizo y’ibinyabuzima [[Umucumbitsi (biologiya)|,]] ariko ''M. igituntu'' gishobora guterwa muri laboratoire. <ref name="Parish_1999">https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/f772c9046705c7df7e2be5d8bfcee869bd54f470</ref> [[Dosiye:Oregon State Tuberculosis Hospital patient ward.jpg|thumb|175x175px|ibitaro byita kubarwayi b'igituntu]] === Referances === [[Ikiciro:Health]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 1w71ypyup5mq462msl1d09a3tp2a09f 0 13234 139108 122197 2026-09-23T02:32:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139108 wikitext text/x-wiki Forum for African Women Educationalists( '''FAWE''' ) n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’Africa [[:fr:Organisation_non_gouvernementale|utegamiye kuri Leta]] washinzwe mu 1992 na minisitiri w’abagore batanu bashinzwe uburezi hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi [[:fr:Femmes_et_éducation|bw’abakobwa n’abagore]] muri Afurika yo munsi [[:fr:Afrique_subsaharienne|y’ubutayu bwa Sahara]] bareba ko bafite amashuri kandi barashobora kurangiza amashuri yabo no kuzuza ubushobozi bwabo, bijyanye nuburezi bwa UNESCO kubantu bose. Abagize uyu muryango barimo abaminisitiri b’uburezi, abayobozi bungirije ba kaminuza, abafata ibyemezo by’uburezi, abashakashatsi, inzobere mu buringanire n’abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu. == Amateka == Mu 1992, Ihuriro ry’Abanyafurika bashinzwe uburezi mu bagore ryashinzwe na minisitiri w’uburezi w’abategarugori batanu : [[:fr:Vida_Yeboah|Vida Yeboah]] muri Gana, Fay Chung (in) muri [[:fr:Zimbabwe|Zimbabwe]], Simone Testa muri [[Seyishele|Seychelles]], Paulette Moussavon-Missambo muri [[Gabon]] na Alice Tiendrebengo muri [[Burukina Faso|Burkinafaso]] <ref name="StangeOyster2011">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-1-4129-7685-5</ref> . === Umuryango === Fawe ifite ubunyamabanga bwayo i [[Nairobi]]. Kugeza ubu ifite ibice 34 by’igihugu mu bihugu 33, birimo [[Bene|Benin]], [[Gabon]], [[Gambiya]], [[Gana]], [[Gineya]], [[Liberiya]], [[Nijeriya]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Senegali]], [[Siyera Lewone]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]] na [[Togo]], n'ibindi. Nibiro by’abafatanyabikorwa mpuzamahanga kuri gahunda ya Fondasiyo ya Fondasiyo ya [[:fr:Fondation_Ford|Ford Foundation]] n’umuryango w’abafatanyabikorwa w’ishyirahamwe nyafurika ry’abagore bashinzwe ubushakashatsi n’iterambere. === Abanyamuryango b'ingenzi ku giti cyabo barimo: === * Penina Mlama - Umuyobozi mukuru * Esi Sutherland-Addy - umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi * Charles Ndungu - Uwahoze ari umufasha wubushakashatsi * Graça Machel - Uwahoze mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi * Aïcha Bah Diallo - Perezida washinze * Christiana Thorpe - washinze ishami rya Siyera Lewone * N'Dri T. Assie-Lumumba * Fay Chung (in) - bafatanije gushinga muri [[Zimbabwe]] * Vida Yeboah - washinze muri [[Gana]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=About FAWE Ghana |url=http://www.fawegh.org/index.php/about-us |access-date=2016-10-27 |website=www.fawegh.org |archive-date=2019-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402095728/http://www.fawegh.org/index.php/about-us |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Nasima Badsha - umunyamuryango washinze ishami rya Afrika yepfo <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.fawegh.org/index.php/about-us |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2019-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402095728/http://www.fawegh.org/index.php/about-us |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gladys Kalema-Zikusoka * Fatoumata Camara Diallo - wahoze ari minisitiri akaba na perezida w’ishyirahamwe rya [[Mali]] rishinzwe gushyigikira uburezi bw’abakobwa (Amasef) * Christine Dranzoa, umunyamabanga w'icyubahiro <ref>{{Cite web |last=FAWE |first=. |title=The Members of FAWE's Executive Committee |url=http://www.fawe.org/about/team/EC/index.php |access-date=26 April 2015 |publisher=Forum for African Women Educationalists (FAWE) |archive-date=23 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423202209/http://www.fawe.org/about/team/EC/index.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> == References == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Uburezi]] 4ulhokhb4pi3gjk92wz4wk6ybt2ufbv 0 13251 139140 137799 2026-09-23T02:40:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139140 wikitext text/x-wiki Ni umunyarwanda wavutse mu Ugushyingo, mu mwaka wa 1986, yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|karere ka Nyamagabe]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y'Amajyepfo]]. Ubu akaba atuye mu gihugu cya Canada. Akaba ari umukinnyi wa filime ubarizwa mu ishyirahamwe ry'abakinnyi ba sinema muri Canada ryitwa ACTRA (''The Alliance of Canadian Cinema, Television and Radio Artists''). <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/uko-katabarwa-akomeje-kuzamura-ibendera-ry-u-rwanda-muri-sinema-ya-amerika |title=Uko Katabarwa akomeje kuzamura ibendera ry’u Rwanda muri sinema ya Amerika |access-date=2022-09-30 |archive-date=2022-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930155828/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/uko-katabarwa-akomeje-kuzamura-ibendera-ry-u-rwanda-muri-sinema-ya-amerika |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Filime yakozeho == Aherutse kugaragara muri filme y’imirwano (action) yitwa ''Bullet Proof'' akaba ari umwe mu bakinnyi baza ku Isonga muri iyo film, yakinnye nk'umukinnyi ugaragaza imirwanire muri filime zitandukanye ndetse anagaragara muri filime zitandukanye nk'umukinnyi usimbura abandi bakinnyi ahantu hagoranye (Stunt Man). Filime yakozemo iki gikorwa cyo gusimbura abandi bakinnyi zirimo Peacemaker, Arrow, Superman & Lois, The Flash, Super girl n’izindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Reba Aha == {{Reflist}} 3cybet401i4ai35fbnp4xbpdee0dh5s 0 13269 139109 103689 2026-09-23T02:36:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139109 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Narendra Damodardas Modi''' wavutse ku ya 17 Nzeri 1950 ni umunyepolitike wabaye minisitiri w'intebe wa 14 kuva muri 2014 kandi yari minisitiri w’intebe wa Gajeti kuva 2001 kugeza 2014 kandi ni umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko aturuka muri Varanasi. Ni umunyamuryango w’ishyaka rya Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) ndetse n’umuryango wa Rashtriya Swayamsevak (RSS), umuryango w’abakorerabushake b’abaparakomando b’abahindu. Ni minisitiri w’intebe umaze igihe kinini aturutse hanze ya Kongere y’[[Ubuhinde]]. Modi yavukiye kandi akurira i Vadnagar mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Gajereti, ari naho yarangirije amashuri yisumbuye. Yamenyekanye na RSS afite imyaka umunani. Yagaragaye mu gukora nk'umwana mu iduka ry'icyayi cya se muri gari ya moshi ya Vadnagar, ariko bikaba bitaremezwa neza. Ku myaka 18, Modi yashakanye na Jashodaben Chimanlal Modi, uwo yatanukanye bidatinze. Yabanje kumwemera kumugaragaro ko ari umugore we nyuma yimyaka irenga ine ubwo yabisabwaga n’amategeko y’Ubuhinde, ariko kuva icyo gihe nta mubonano yigeze agirana na we. Modi yemeje ko yari amaze imyaka ibiri akora ingendo mu majyaruguru y’Ubuhinde nyuma yo kuva mu rugo rw’ababyeyi, asura ibigo byinshi by’amadini, ariko hagaragaye amakuru make y’urugendo rwe. Amaze gusubira muri Gajeti mu 1971, yabaye umukozi w'igihe cyose muri RSS. Nyuma y’uko ibintu byihutirwa byatangajwe na minisitiri w’intebe Indira Gandhi mu 1975, Modi yagiye kwihisha. RSS yamushyize mu ishyaka rya BJP mu 1985 kandi akora imyanya myinshi mu nzego z’ishyaka kugeza mu 2001, azamuka ku ntera aba umunyamabanga mukuru. Modi yagizwe Minisitiri w’intebe wa Gajereti mu 2001 kubera ubuzima bwa Keshubhai Patel butameze neza ndetse n’ishusho mbi ya rubanda nyuma y’umutingito wabereye i Bhuj. Bidatinze, Modi yatorewe kuba mu inteko ishinga amategeko. Ubuyobozi bwe bwafatwaga nk’uruhare mu myivumbagatanyo yo muri Gajereti yo mu 2002 yahitanye abantu 1044, bitatu bya kane muri bo bakaba bari Abayisilamu, cyangwa ubundi bakanengwa ko ari yo yakemuye ikibazo. Itsinda ry’iperereza ryashyizweho n’Urukiko rw’ikirenga rw’Ubuhinde ryasanze nta kimenyetso cyatangije ubushinjacyaha ku giti cye. Mu gihe politiki ye yo kuba minisitiri w’intebe - ishimwe mu kuzamura ubukungu - yashimiwe, ubuyobozi bwe bwanenzwe kuba butarateje imbere cyane ibipimo by’ubuzima, ubukene n’uburezi muri Leta. Mu 1978, Modi yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi mu bumenyi bwa politiki yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ryigisha (SOL) muri kaminuza ya Delhi, arangiza icyiciro cya gatatu. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, mu 1983, yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse y’ubuhanzi muri siyanse ya politiki yakuye muri kaminuza ya Gajereti, arangiza icyiciro cya mbere nk'umunyeshuri wiga kure. Hano hari impaka zijyanye n'ubushobozi bwe bwo kwiga. Asubiza ikibazo cya RTI, SOL yavuze ko idafite amakuru y’abanyeshuri bahawe impamyabumenyi ya BA mu 1978. <ref name="SOL" /> Jayantibhai Patel wahoze ari umwarimu w’ubumenyi mu bya politiki muri kaminuza ya Gajereti, yavuze ko amasomo yatanzwe mu cyiciro cya MA atatanzwe na kaminuza igihe Modi yigaga. == Umwuga wa politiki == Muri Kamena 1975, Minisitiri w’intebe Indira Gandhi yatangaje ko ibintu byihutirwa mu Buhinde byakomeje kugeza mu 1977. Muri kiriya gihe kizwi ku izina rya "The Emergency", benshi mu bamurwanyaga politiki barafunzwe kandi imitwe itavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi irabuzwa. [76] [77] Modi yagizwe umunyamabanga mukuru wa "Gujarat Lok Sangharsh Samiti", komite ya RSS ihuza abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwihutirwa muri Gajeti. Nyuma yaho gato, RSS yarahagaritswe. [78] Modi yahatiwe kujya mu nsi ya Gajereti kandi yakundaga kugenda yiyoberanya kugira ngo adafatwa. Yagize uruhare mu gucapa udutabo turwanya guverinoma, kubohereza i Delhi no gutegura imyigaragambyo. [79] [80] Modi yagize kandi uruhare mu gushyiraho urusobe rw’amazu y’umutekano ku bantu bashakishwa na guverinoma, no gukusanya inkunga y’impunzi za politiki n’abarwanashyaka. [81] Muri kiriya gihe, Modi yanditse igitabo muri Gujarati, ''Sangharsh Ma Gujarat'' ( ''Mu rugamba rwo muri Gajeti'' ), asobanura ibyabaye mu bihe byihutirwa. Mu bantu yahuye muri iki gihe harimo ihuriro ry’abakozi n’abaharanira inyungu z’abasosiyalisiti George Fernandes, ndetse n’abandi banyapolitiki benshi bo mu gihugu. [84] rugendo rwe mu bihe byihutirwa, Modi yakunze guhatirwa kwimuka, rimwe yambara nk'abihaye Imana, rimwe na rimwe akaba ari Sikh. [85] Modi yabaye RSS <nowiki><i id="mwATw">sambhag pracharak</i></nowiki> (umuyobozi mu karere) mu 1978, akurikirana ibikorwa bya RSS mu bice bya Surat na Vadodara, maze mu 1979 ajya gukorera RSS i Delhi, aho yashyizwe mu bushakashatsi no kwandika verisiyo ya RSS ya amateka yihutirwa. Yagarutse muri Gajereti nyuma yigihe gito, ahabwa na RSS muri BJP mu 1985. Mu 1987, Modi yafashije gutegura ubukangurambaga bw’ishyaka ry’amatora y’amakomine ya Ahmedabad, ayo matsinda akaba yaratsinze neza; Igenamigambi rya Modi ryasobanuwe nkimpanvu yicyo gisubizo naba biografiya. [87] Nyuma yuko LK Advani abaye perezida w’ishyaka mu 1986, RSS yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyira abayoboke bayo mu myanya ikomeye muri BJP; Ibikorwa bya Kagame mu gihe cy’amatora ya Ahmedabad byatumye ahitamo uyu mwanya, maze Modi atorerwa kuba umunyamabanga utegura ishami ry’umutwe wa Gujarat nyuma ya 1987. [88] [[Dosiye:Narendra_Modi_and_Prime_Minister_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_in_October_12,_2001.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Narendra_Modi_and_Prime_Minister_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_in_October_12%2C_2001.jpg/240px-Narendra_Modi_and_Prime_Minister_Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee_in_New_Delhi_in_October_12%2C_2001.jpg|left|thumb|240x240px| Modi hamwe na Atal Bihari Vajpayee muri 2001]] Modi yahagurukiye mu ishyaka maze agirwa umwe mu bagize komite y’amatora y’igihugu y’ishyaka rya mu 1990, afasha mu gutegura Ram Rath Yatra yo mu 1990 LK Advani mu 1990 na Murli Manohar Joshi yo mu 1991–92 ''Ekta Yatra'' (Urugendo rw’ubumwe). [89] [90] Icyakora, yafashe akanya gato muri politiki mu 1992, ahubwo ashinga ishuri i Ahmedabad; guterana amagambo na Shankersinh Vaghela, umudepite w’ishyaka rya ukomoka muri Gajereti icyo gihe, na we yagize uruhare muri iki cyemezo. [90] Modi yagarutse muri politiki y’amatora mu 1994, igice abishimangira na Advani, kandi nk'umunyamabanga w’ishyaka, ingamba z’amatora za Modi zafatwaga nk’ibanze mu ntsinzi y’abayoboke mu matora y’inteko ishinga amategeko ya 1995. Mu Gushyingo muri uwo mwaka, Modi yagizwe umunyamabanga w’igihugu cya BJP, yimurirwa i New Delhi, ari naho yatangiye imirimo y’ibikorwa by’ishyaka muri Haryana na Himachal Pradesh. Umwaka ukurikira, Shankersinh Vaghela, umuyobozi ukomeye w’ishyaka ukomoka muri Gajereti, yagiye muri Kongere y’Ubuhinde (Kongere, INC) nyuma yo gutakaza umwanya w’inteko ishinga amategeko mu matora y’Abadepite. <ref name="Jose Caravan" /> Modi, muri komite ishinzwe gutoranya amatora y’Inteko yo mu 1998 yabereye muri Gajereti, yashyigikiye abashyigikiye umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya Keshubhai Patel ku bashyigikiye Vaghela guhagarika amacakubiri mu ishyaka. Ingamba ze zashimiwe ko ari urufunguzo rw’abatsinze amatora muri rusange mu matora yo mu 1998, maze Modi agirwa umunyamabanga mukuru (umuryango) muri Gicurasi muri uwo mwaka. [95] == Minisitiri w’intebe == === Gutangira imirimo === Mu 2001, ubuzima bwa Keshubhai Patel bwari bwifashe nabi kandi ishyaka rya BJP ryatakaje imyanya mike y’inteko ishinga amategeko mu matora y’inzibacyuho. Ikirego cyo gukoresha nabi ubutegetsi, ruswa n’imiyoborere mibi cyatanzwe, kandi igihagararo cya Patel cyari cyangiritse kubera ubuyobozi bwe bwakoresheje umutingito wabereye i Bhuj mu 2001 . Ubuyobozi bwa BJP bwashatse umukandida mushya wa minisitiri w’intebe, maze Modi wagaragaje ko atumvikana ku buyobozi bwa Patel, atorwa nk'umusimbura. N'ubwo umuyobozi w’ishyaka, LK Advani, atifuzaga guha akato Patel kandi akaba yari ahangayikishijwe n’uburambe bwa Modi muri guverinoma, Modi yanze icyifuzo cyo kuba minisitiri w’intebe wungirije wa Patel, abwira Advani na Atal Bihari Vajpayee ko "agiye gushingwa byimazeyo muri Gajeti. cyangwa si na gato ". Ku ya 3 Ukwakira 2001, yasimbuye Patel aba Minisitiri w’intebe wa Gajeti, ashinzwe gutegura ishyaka ry’amatora yo mu Kuboza 2002. Ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2001, yarahiriye kuba Minisitiri w’intebe, yinjira mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya leta ya Gajereti ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2002 atsinda amatora y’inzibacyuho mu gace ka Rajkot - II, atsinda Ashwin Mehta wo muri INC. === 2002 Imvururu === Ku ya 27 Gashyantare 2002, gari ya moshi yari irimo abagenzi magana yatwitse hafi ya Godhra, ihitana abantu bagera kuri 60.- [[Umusigiti wa Baburi|9]] <ref name="leaders_failed_2021_11_15_dhaka_tribune">Ghosh, Partha S. ([[Institute of Social Sciences, New Delhi]]; formerly, [[Indian Council of Social Science Research|ICSSR]] National Fellow, and Professor of South Asian Studies at [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]]): [https://web.archive.org/web/20220407154951/https://www.dhakatribune.com/opinion/longform/2021/11/15/south-asia-s-leaders-have-failed-their-region OP-ED: South Asia's leaders have failed their region,"] opinion and historical analysis, 15 November 2021, ''[[Dhaka Tribune]],'' retrieved 15 November 2021</ref> Mu gutangaza ku mugaragaro nyuma y’ibyabaye, yatangaje ko ari igitero cy’iterabwoba cyateguwe kandi gitegurwa n’abayisilamu baho. <ref name="Communal Riots" /> Iminsi yakurikiye, Paruwasi y'Abahindu ya Vishwa yahamagaye itsinda ''hirya'' no hino. Imvururu zatangiye mu gihe ''cy’agatsiko'', kandi ihohoterwa rirwanya abayisilamu ryakwirakwiriye muri Gajeti. <ref name="Communal Riots" /> <ref name="articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com" /> <ref name="Curfew imposed in 26 cities" /> Icyemezo cya guverinoma cyo kwimura imirambo y’abazize gari ya moshi i Godhra i Ahmedabad cyarushijeho gukaza umurego ihohoterwa. <ref name="Communal Riots" /> Nyuma leta yavuze ko hishwe abayisilamu 790 n’Abahindu 254. <ref name="BBC1" /> Amakuru yigenga avuga ko abapfuye barenga 2000, <ref name="Communal Riots" /> <ref name="leaders_failed_2021_11_15_dhaka_tribune" /> umubare munini w’abayisilamu <ref name="leaders_failed_2021_11_15_dhaka_tribune" /> Abantu bagera ku 150.000 bajyanywe mu nkambi z’impunzi. Abagore benshi n’abana bari mu bahohotewe; ihohoterwa ryarimo gufata ku ngufu no gutema abagore. Ubusanzwe leta ya Gajereti ubwayo ifatwa n’intiti zagize uruhare mu mvururu, (hamwe na bamwe bashinja minisitiri w’intebe Modi ku buryo bweruye <ref name="The Clash Within" /> <ref name="leaders_failed_2021_11_15_dhaka_tribune"/> gukemura ikibazo. Intiti nyinshi zasobanuye ko ihohoterwa ari pogrom, mu gihe abandi bo bavuze ko ari urugero rw’iterabwoba rya Leta. Mu magambo ahinnye yerekana ibitekerezo by’amasomo kuri iki kibazo, Martha Nussbaum yagize ati: "Kugeza ubu abantu benshi bemeranya ko ihohoterwa ry’i Gajereti ryari uburyo bwo guhanagura amoko, ko mu buryo bwinshi ryateganijwe, kandi ko ryakozwe n’ubufatanye bwa leta. guverinoma n'abayobozi b'amategeko. " <ref name="The Clash Within" /> Guverinoma ya Modi yashyizeho isaha yo gutahiraho mu mijyi 26 minini, itanga amabwiriza yo kurasa kandi isaba ingabo kugenzura imihanda, ariko ntizashoboye gukumira ihohoterwa ryiyongera. Perezida w’ishami rya leta ry’ishyaka rya BJP yagaragaje ko ashyigikiye uyu ''mutwe'', nubwo icyo gihe ibikorwa bitemewe. <ref name="Shani" /> Nyuma abayobozi ba leta babujije abahohotewe kuva mu nkambi z’impunzi, kandi akenshi inkambi ntizashoboye guhaza ibyo abahatuye bakeneye. Abayisilamu bazize iyo mvururu bakomeje kuvangura igihe guverinoma y’igihugu yatangazaga ko indishyi z’abahohotewe n’abayisilamu zizaba kimwe cya kabiri cy’abahawe Abahindu, nubwo iki cyemezo cyaje guhinduka nyuma y’iki kibazo kimaze gushyikirizwa urukiko. Mu gihe cy'imvururu, abapolisi akenshi ntibivanze mu bihe bashoboye. <ref name="The Clash Within" /> [[Dosiye:The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30,_2004.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg/244px-The_Chief_Minister_of_Gujarat_Shri_Narendra_Modi_calls_on_the_Prime_Minister_Dr._Manmohan_Singh_in_New_Delhi_on_June_30%2C_2004.jpg|thumb|244x244px|Modi ahura na Minisitiri w'intebe, Manmohan Singh muri 2004]] [[Dosiye:Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006,_India.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg/244px-Sardar_Sarovar_Dam_2006%2C_India.jpg|thumb|244x244px|Kwagura Urugomero rwa Sardar Sarovar muri 2006]] Nka Minisitiri w'intebe, Modi yashyigikiye abikorera ku giti cyabo ndetse na guverinoma ye, ibyo bikaba binyuranyije na filozofiya ya RSS, ubusanzwe bivugwa ko ari ukwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ndetse no kurwanya isi. Politiki ye muri manda ye ya kabiri yashimiwe kugabanya ruswa muri leta. Yashizeho parike y'imari n'ikoranabuhanga muri Gajereti kandi mu nama ya Vibrant Gujarat yo mu 2007, hasinywe amasezerano y'ishoramari mu mutungo utimukanwa. [[Dosiye:Modi_at_GNLU.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Modi_at_GNLU.jpg/180px-Modi_at_GNLU.jpg|alt=Modi speaking at flower-decked podium|left|thumb|Modi ageza ijambo ku barangije muri kaminuza nkuru y'amategeko ya Gajeti muri 2012]] [[Dosiye:Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg/240px-Narendra_Modi_hands_over_his_resignation_as_Maninagar_MLA_to_the_Speaker_of_the_Gujarat_Vidhan_Sabha.jpg|left|thumb|240x240px|Narendra Modi yeguye ku mirimo ye yo kuba umuyobozi wa Maninagar Perezida w'Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Vidhan.]] [[Dosiye:Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg|link=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg/244px-Narendra_Modi_meets_his_mother_after_winning_the_2014_elections.jpg|thumb|244x244px|Modi yahuye na nyina nyuma yo gutsinda amatora yo muri 2014.]] dcbt3o37sm2xpxv2n7h8u5y2fdx4vdj 0 13290 139078 127415 2026-09-23T02:29:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139078 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mariupol downtown street destroyed by the Russian siege.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Mariupol wo mu mujyi rwagati washenywe n'Uburusiya]] '''Mariupol '''' cyangwa '''Mariupol''' ( Ukraine : Маріу́поль, Маріюпіль' Ikirusiya : Мариуполь; Ikigereki : Μαριούπολη) ni umujyi w'icyambu mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Ikerene]], ku nyanja ya Azov. Uyu mujyi washenywe mu 2022 n’igitero simusiga cy’[[Uburusiya]], aho handitswe ibikorwa bikomeye bya [[jenoside]] by’igitero cyose. == Ubukungu == Mariupol ni ikigo gikomeye cy'[[Inganda mu Rwanda|inganda]] n'icyambu mpuzamahanga ku nyanja ya Azov. Inganda zayo zifite uruhare runini hafi 7% yo kohereza ibicuruzwa muri [[Ikerene|Ukraine]]. == Amateka == Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 16 , amazu hamwe n'igihome cya Kazaki cyabayeho kuri icyo kibanza. Kuva mu 1778 imiryango y'abakristu ba orotodogisi mu [[Ubugereki|Bugereki]], baturutse muri [[Crimea]], batuye muri ako karere. Umujyi wa Mariupol washinzwe mu 1789 . Yangiritse cyane mu ntambara ya Crimea hagati ya 1853 na 1856 . Guhera mu 1882 , hamwe no kubaka gari ya moshi ihuza Mariupol na Donbass, icyambu cyateye imbere kandi kigenda cyiyongera mu kamaro. Kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 , inganda nazo zateye imbere muri Mariupol, hashyirwaho inganda n’amasosiyete atandukanye y’ibyuma, ndetse n’amasosiyete y’ubuhinzi y’ubuhinzi, uruganda rukora inganda, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi n’inganda zikora amavuta. Nyuma ya Revolution yo mu Kwakira, umujyi wigaruriwe na Bolsheviks ku ya 30 Ukuboza 1917 ; Yigaruriwe n'ingabo z'Abadage na [[Ositiriya|Otirishiya]] hagati ya Gicurasi na Ugushyingo 1918 , igihe yafatwaga n'ingabo z'abazungu zayifashe kugeza muri Werurwe 1919 . Ingabo zitukura zarigaruriye hagati ya Werurwe na Gicurasi 1919 hanyuma mu Kuboza 1919, ubwo zinjizwaga muri SSR yo muri Ikirene. Ku ya 14 Ukwakira 1941, yigaruriwe n'ingabo z'Abadage za JeneraliGerd von Rundstedt mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, yabohowe n'ingabo zitukura ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 1943 . Hagati ya 1948 na 1989 yitwaga '''Zhdanov''' ( Ikirusiya : Жданов) nyuma y’umuyobozi w’Abasoviyeti Andrei Zhdanov. Kuva mu Kuboza 1991 umujyi uri muri Repubulika yigenga ya Ukraine. Muri Gicurasi 2014, habaye amakimbirane muri Mariupol hagati y’abategetsi bashya ba Ukraine n’abashyigikiye gutandukanya uturere twa Donetsk na Luhansk, babonye amajwi 81% muri referendum yo ku ya 10 Gicurasi. == Andi makuru == * '''Uburezi''' : Kaminuza Tekinike, Ishuri Rikuru Ry’Ubumuntu. * '''Umuco''' : Amashuri yumuziki, Ingoro Ndangamurage, Imurikagurisha rya Kuindzhi, Ikinamico yo mu Burusiya. * Amavuko yumurangi Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. [[Ikiciro:Ikerene]] 1n4j4vha6muikvhlqet1rsp04m6ilz1 0 13307 139210 136822 2026-09-23T07:13:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139210 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:Mediterranean_Youth_Hostel.jpg|thumb| Urubyiruko rwa Mediterane]] Imiyoboro y'urubyiruko rwa Mediterane byatangiye muri 2014 kugeza 2017 yari umushinga w'imyaka itatu washyizwe mu bikorwa na UNESCO kandi uterwa inkunga n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ku rubyiruko rwo mu karere ka Mediterane y’Uburayi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Request Rejected |url=https://en.unesco.org/project/netmedyouth |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=en.unesco.org}}</ref> == Intego == Imiyoboro n'intego y'urubyiruko rwa Mediterane''', ni''' zayo kwari ugutezimbere umurimo w'urubyiruko no kugira uruhare mu rubyiruko mu guha imbaraga amashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko guhangana na guverinoma z'igihugu ibitangazamakuru by'igihugu ndetse n'itangazamakuru ryo mu karere. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Who are we? |url=http://www.netmedyouth.org/who-are-we |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=NETMED Youth |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109110501/https://www.netmedyouth.org/who-are-we |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0"/> == Inyungu == * ishyirahamwe y'urubyiruko aturuka mu bihugu 10 byo mu burasirazuba no mu burengerazuba bw'inyanja ya Mediterane * Guteza imbere ubumenyi n'abafatanyabikorwa mu kazi (minisiteri, ibigo bya Leta, abafatanyabikorwa, n'abandi) m'urubyiruko * Abakora umwuga w'itangazamakuru, abanyamakuru b'abanyagihugu n'abanyarubuga <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The Mediterranean Youth for Water Network |url=https://www.cmimarseille.org/programs/mediterranean-youth-water-network |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=The Mediterranean Youth for Water Network {{!}} CMI |language=en |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109110527/https://www.cmimarseille.org/programs/mediterranean-youth-water-network |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2019-10-04 |title=Evaluation of the Networks of Mediterranean Youth (NET-MED Youth) Project (2014-2018) |url=https://www.gcedclearinghouse.org/ko/node/58737?language=ko |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=GCED Clearinghouse |language=ko |archive-date=2022-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109110455/https://www.gcedclearinghouse.org/ko/node/58737?language=ko |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Impamvu == Uyu mushinga waje mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibibazo rusange bihuriweho n’ibihugu byo mu majyepfo ya Mediterane bijyanye no kwinjiza imibereho mu rubyiruko. Ibi birimo, mubindi, kudashishikarira kwishora mubikorwa byabaturage; guhagararirwa bidahagije mu nzego rusange na politiki, ndetse no mu bitangazamakuru bisanzwe; ubushomeri bukabije no kugira uruhare runini rwabagore ku isoko ryumurimo. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000369078 |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=unesdoc.unesco.org}}</ref> == ahantu Wibande umushinga == * Igishushanyo mbonera cy'amashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko * Amatsinda akorera mu nama nyunguranabitekerezo ku nsanganyamatsiko zingenzi: Politiki rusange ku rubyiruko, urubyiruko n’itangazamakuru, urubyiruko nakazi * Isesengura ryimiterere yurubyiruko nabafatanyabikorwa bigihugu, harimo amategeko na politiki * Kongera ubushobozi mu mashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko na minisiteri * Gutegura no kunganira gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ku rubyiruko * Gukurikirana abahagarariye urubyiruko mu bitangazamakuru, no gukora ubushakashatsi ku bitekerezo by'urubyiruko ku bitangazamakuru * Ibikorwa byo kwegera biteza imbere urubyiruko, rwuzuye, rufite intego kandi ikwiye itangazamakuru * Amahugurwa n'ubushobozi bwo guteza imbere ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo, itangazamakuru no gusoma amakuru, gukora ibitangazamakuru by'urubyiruko * Kongera ubushobozi mubanyamakuru bato, abanyarubuga n'abanyamakuru babenegihugu * Raporo yisesengura ry'imiterere y'igihugu nakarere ku isoko ryumurimo, inzibacyuho y'irubyiruko n'ibibazo biboneka * Gutezimbere ibikoresho byo gutegereza ubumenyi mubufatanye bwa hafi n'abafatanyabikorwa bigihugu * Kongera ubushobozi mu mashyirahamwe y'urubyiruko kugira uruhare runini mu rubyiruko mu gutegura politiki ishingiye ku bimenyetso. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":3"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=NET MED Youth (Network of Mediterranean Youth) |url=https://meddialogue.eu/e-library/net-med-youth-network-of-mediterranean-youth/ |access-date=2022-11-09 |website=MED DIALOGUE |language=en-US}}</ref> <references /> 9obdtey99epk7fun6qntgt04r9s63op 0 13435 139211 137085 2026-09-23T07:14:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139211 wikitext text/x-wiki IBIHUGU BITAGIRA IGISIRIKARI [[Dosiye:00 1448 Gairloch - Schottland.jpg|thumb]] Kurubu kugirango igihugu gikomere, bisaba kuba bifite igisirikari gikomeye kuburyo hagize umwanzi ugitera cyashobora kwirinda kuri iy'isi rero hari ibihugu bitagira ingabo bimwe muriyo rero ni : # ''samoa'' # ''The costa Rica'' # ''Iceland'' muri ibi bihugu byose ntangabo bigira cyangwa se igisirikari bigira ariko imiryango iharanira amahoro ku isi nka NATO niyo ikorera muri byo bihugu ariko bitavuzeko ari ibisirikari byibyo bihugu. inzego z'umutekeno ni imwe mu nkingi za mwamba igihugu kiba gifite kugirango kizere umutekano usesuye. ibihugu byinshi kuri iyisi bifata igisirikare cyabyo nk'ikimenyetso cy'imbaraga ndetse bigatanga ingengo y'imari ihambaye kugisirikare cyabyo. igitangaje nuko bimwe mu bihugu bibonako kugira igisirikare atari ngombwa [https://bwiza.com/?Menya-ibihugu-20-ku-Isi-bitagira-igisirikare][https://web.archive.org/web/20230322141036/https://genesisbizz.com/Dore-urutonde-rw-ibihugu-umunani-bitagira-igisirikare] == Urutonde == Bimwe mubihugu bisigaye bidafite igisirikari: 1.''Vatican'' 2. ''Mauritius'' 3. ''Monaco state'' 4. ''Panama'' 5. ''San Marino'' == Amashakiro == jhg4g196t0o8aj1zoy320bmmw69zbmb 0 13555 139090 90282 2026-09-23T02:30:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139090 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pepperseggplants.jpg|right|thumb|262x262px| Imboga kama ku isoko ryabahinzi muri Arijantine]] Ububiko bw'ibiryo by'ubuzima nubwoko Bwi bicuruzwa bigurisha cyane cyane Ibiryo by'ubuzima, ibiryo byacu, n'umusarurowaho, kandi akenshi byongera intungamubiri. Ububiko bwibiryo byubuzima busanzwe butanga ibiryo byagutse cyangwa byihariye kuruta ibiryo bisanzwe byibiribwa kubakiriya babo, urugero abantu bafite ibyo bakeneye byimirire idasanzwe, nkabantu bafite Areriji ya gurutene mu ngano cyangwa mubindi bintu, ndetse nabantu babireba, bikomoka kmu bimera == Ibiryo byubuzima == Ijambo Ibiryo by'intungamubiri ryakoreshejwe kuva mu 1920 ryerekeza ku biribwa byihariye bivugwa ko bifitiye akamaro kanini kubuzima nubwo iryo jambo ridafite ibisobanuro byemewe. Amagambo amwe ajyanye nibiryo byubuzima ni Mikirobe, ibiryo karemano, ibiryo kama nibyo byose,. MIkorobe ni indyo, yibanda cyane cyane ku ibinyampeke byose, Ibinyampeke byose, hamwe nibindi ''biribwa byose'', ni ibiryo bitunganijwe byoroheje. Ibinyampeke byose bifite fibre, mikorobe na hull bidahwitse kandi bifatwa nkintungamubiri. Ibiribwa bisanzwe ni ibiryo gusa bitarimo ibintu byubaka. Ibiribwa kama nibiryo bihingwa bidakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko twangiza kandi bigomba kuba byujuje uuziranenge == Intungamubiri == Amaduka menshi yubuzima bwiza kandi agurisha inyongera musaruro nka Vitamini, inyongeramusaruro hamwe nubuvuzi bwa homopatike Ibyongeweho ibyatsi ntabwo byigeze bigengwa kugeza igihe amabwiriza y'ibihugu by'iburayi yerekanye ibiribwa gakongdo avamo imiti byatangiye gukurikizwa ku ya 30 Mata 2004. Amabwiriza gakondo y’ibicuruzwa bivura imiti, 2004/24 / EC, yashizweho kugirango atange uburyo bwo kwemeza imiti y’ibimera mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (EU). == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Whole_Foods_Market_in_the_Lower_East_Side_of_New_York.jpg|thumb| Isoko ry'ibiribwa byuzuye ryazanye imbaraga nini zo kugura ibigo byinshi mubucuruzi bwibiribwa byubuzima]] Ibiribwa byinshi ubu bisanzwe mubiribwa byinjiye ku isoko mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Imbaraga zakozwe nabapayiniya bambere mubuzima nka FA Sawall, PAUL BLAG, SYLVESTER GRAHAM George, Ellen White nabandi bashishikarije ibiryo byubuzima. Nko mu myaka ya za 1920 na 1930 ububiko bwibiribwa byubuzima bwatangiye kugurisha bicuruzwa.  <ref>Natural Foods Merchandiser July/August 2021 pg 49-50</ref> Frank A. Sawall, yatangiye kugurisha ibinyobwa byifu byinzu ku nzu no gutanga ibiganiro hirya no hino muri Amerika ku nyungu ziyongera kuri vitamine n’amabuye y'agaciro, mbere yo gufungura Sawall Ibiryo biboneye, mu 1936.  Yatangiriye kumyunyu ngugu na vitamine kandi igurisha ibiryo karemano nibinyabuzima. Frank A. Sawall, umuhanga mu binyabuzima, yavuzwe ko ari "Umwarimu w’ubuzima w’indashyikirwa muri Amerika akaba n’inzobere mu bijyanye n’imirire mu gihugu" mu binyamakuru byo muri Amerika. Ibiribwa byubuzima bya Sawall nububiko bwa kera bwibiribwa byubuzima bwumuryango muri Amerika, hamwe nigisekuru cya gatanu cya Sawall gikora mubucuruzi giherereye i Kalamazoo, muri leta ya Michigan. <ref>Natural Foods Merchandiser Magazine July-August 2021 Cover,page 49-50</ref>  <ref>stacker.com/stories/4190/what-grocery-shopping-was-year-you-were-born</ref> Amaduka yubuzima bwubuzima muri Amerika yamenyekanye muri za 1960. <ref>Jenkins, Nancy. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/04/garden/health-food-and-the-change-in-eating-habits.html Health food and the change in eating habits] ''[[The New York Times]].'' 4 April 1984.</ref> Ububiko bumwe bwibiryo byubuzima bwa mbere bwashinzwe na Thomas Martindale mu 1869 nka "Thomas Martindale kampani" mumujyi wa peteroli, Pennsylvania. Mu 1875, Thomas Martindale yimuye iduka i Philadelphia. <ref>Martindale, Thomas C. "A Health Food Store is Founded", "[[Physical Culture Magazine]], New York, October 1938.</ref> * == Reba == {{Reflist}} *   * l0vbidpppnqsy0vgk0d5yikttjx1s18 0 13558 139243 126681 2026-09-23T07:30:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139243 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Summary_of_major_environmental-change_categories_expressed_as_a_percentage_change_(red)_relative_to_baseline_-_fcosc-01-615419-g001.jpg|thumb| Inshamake yibyingenzi bitandukanye bijyanye nibinyabuzima bihindura ibidukikije byagaragajwe nkijanisha ryimpinduka ziterwa nabantu (mumutuku) ugereranije na baseline (ubururu)]] GUTAKAZA URUSOBE RW'IBINYABUZIMA birimo kuzimangana ku isi mumoko atandukanye, kimwe no kugabanuka kwaho cyangwa gutakaza amoko yahantu runaka, bikaviramo gutakaza ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ikintu cya nyuma gishobora kuba igihe gito cyangwa gihoraho, bitewe n’uko kwangirika kw'ibidukikije biganisha ku gihombo..[https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/67/12/1026/4605229?login=false] [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcosc.2020.615419/full][https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/brv.12816] Nubwo gutakaza amoko ahoraho Kw'isi ari ibintu bitangaje kandi biteye agahinda kuruta impinduka z’akarere mu miterere y’ibinyabuzima, ndetse n’impinduka ntoya ziva mu mibereho ihamye ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku biribwa kuko bigabanuka kw'ubwoko bumwe gusa bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi. urunigi rwose ( coextinction ), biganisha ku kugabanuka muri rusange kw'ibinyabuzima, ibishoboka ubundi buryo butajegajega bwibidukikije nubwo bwose.’ibinyabuzima byumwihariko biganisha kuri serivisi y’ibidukikije kandi amaherezo bigatera akaga gakomeye ku kwihaza mu biribwa, ariko kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka zirambye z’ubuzima rusange ku bantu. [https://www.unep.org/resources/making-peace-nature] [[Dosiye:Extinction_Rebellion-2.jpg|thumb| Aberekana kurwanya ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, muri Extinction Rebellion (2018).]] Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye bisobanurwa nkubuzima butandukanye ku isi, imiterere yabyo, hamwe nubusabane bwubuzima. Ariko, guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 20 gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima biterwa n'imyitwarire ya muntu byateje ingaruka zikomeye kandi zirambye. [https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/feb/02/economics-of-biodiversity-review-what-are-the-recommendations Abahanga] mu bya siyansi bemeza ko ubwiyongere bwagabanutse mu bantu ndetse no kunywa birenze urugero ari byo bintu by'ibanze muri uku kugabanuka. batwara ibinyabuzima bitandukanye harimo guhindura aho batuye, umwanda, no gukoresha umutungo cyane. [https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/957629/Dasgupta_Review_-_Headline_Messages.pdf] === Guhindura imikoreshereze yubutaka === [[Dosiye:Forest Landscape Integrity Index map of Earth, 2019 (forest condition by degree of anthropogenic modification).png|thumb| gipima ihinduka rya antropogene ku isi ku mashyamba asigaye buri mwaka. 0 = Guhindura byinshi; 10 = Nibura. <ref name="flii">{{Cite journal|pages=5978}}</ref>]] Ingero z'impinduka mu mikoreshereze yubutaka zirimo gutema amashyamba, n'ubworozi, mwimerere, hamwe n’imijyi. [https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/wcc.271] Ubwiyongere bw'imijyi bwagabanije cyane urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima iyo ahantu hanini hatuwe hatuwe, biganisha ku [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4643828/] guhitamo amoko ajyanye n'ibidukikije. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6253383/] Uduce duto two guturamo ntidushobora gushyigikira urwego rumwe rwimiterere yimisoro cyangwa tagisi nkuko byahoze mbere mugihe bimwe mubinyabuzima byoroshye bishobora kuzimangana. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4643828/] ubwoko bwinshi bwabaturage buragabanuka kubera kugabanuka kwagace k’ahantu hatuwe, ibi bitera ubwiyongere bw’amoko kandi bigahatira amoko kugana ku nkombe kandi bigahuza no kurusha ahandi. Gutandukanya abantu (gutura) bikunda gutera inzitizi zo gutandukana zibuza amoko kugenda n’ibidukikije byiza kuko ihindagurika ry’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.[https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ele.13691] Nubwo ingaruka mbi zo gucikamo ibice zizwi cyane, bigira ingaruka ku binyabuzima, ndetse birashobora guhinduka no gushimangira umubano w’ibinyabuzima. hsb0uwbcn8l9n9hu8ok187hgvmtoxjr 0 13562 139473 132091 2026-09-23T09:49:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139473 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Romeo Awakanu Mulbah''' (Yavutse ku wa 16 Gicurasi 1987), azwi ku izina rya '''2C''', ni umuririmbyi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo. Ubu akaba ari [[Liberiya|umunyaliberiya]] uherereye muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Yates |first=David A. |date=22 March 2018 |title=2C Stresses Need for Quality Music in Liberia, If… |url=https://www.liberianobserver.com/news/2c-stresses-need-for-quality-music-in-liberia-if/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825225829/https://www.liberianobserver.com/news/2c-stresses-need-for-quality-music-in-liberia-if/ |archive-date=25 August 2019 |access-date=13 September 2019 |website=Liberian Observer}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2C Urges Liberian Musicians To Persevere |url=https://www.bushchicken.com/2c-urge-liberian-musicians-to-persevere/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725183519/https://www.bushchicken.com/2c-urge-liberian-musicians-to-persevere/ |archive-date=25 July 2019 |access-date=13 September 2019}}</ref> Yasinyanye amasezerano ni ikigo cya OuttaSpace Entertainment mu 2017 maze afatanya na Akon gufata amajwi ya "Mr Mechanic". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allah |first=Sha Be |date=25 February 2018 |title=Konvict Muzik's Newest Signee 2C Drops His Premiere Single "Mr. Mechanic" Feat. Akon |url=http://thesource.com/2018/02/25/konvict-muziks-newest-signee-2c-drops-premiere-single-mr-mechanic-feat-akon/ |access-date=13 September 2019 |website=The Source}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Allah |first=Sha Be |date=2 March 2018 |title=Konvict Muzik's 2C Talks Akon, Africa Tour, Afro Beat Music And "Mr. Mechanic" Hit Single |url=http://thesource.com/2018/03/02/konvict-muziks-2c-talks-akon-africa-tour-afro-beat-music-mr-mechanic-hit-single/ |access-date=13 September 2019 |website=The Source}}</ref> 2C yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo icy'Umuhanzi w'umwaka wa 2010 muri Liberia Entertainment Awards. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Romeo Awakanu Mulbah yavutse ku ya 16 Gicurasi 1987, avukira mu mujyi wa Bong Town, muri Liberiya. Igihe yari afite imyaka 5, umuryango we warahunze biturutse ku ntambara ya mbere yo muri Liberiya. Batura by'igihe gito muri [[Kote Divuwari]] mbere yo kwimukira muri [[Amerika]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2C to Release Single in Liberia |url=https://www.bushchicken.com/2c-to-release-single-in-liberia/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926200844/https://www.bushchicken.com/2c-to-release-single-in-liberia/ |archive-date=26 September 2019 |access-date=26 September 2019}}</ref> == Umwuga wa muzika == 2C gushishikarira umuziki kwe no kuwukora byatangiye akiri muto. Yatsinze amarushanwa menshi yo kubyina igihe yabaga muri [[Kote Divuwari]], ndetse yagaragaye mu bitaramo bitandukanye bya muzika igihe yabaga muri Atlanta. Mu 2007, 2C yifatanyije na producer w’umuziki Jason "Pit" Pittman mu gufata amashusho yambere yise "Liberia Girl". Muri 2009, yagiye muri Ohio gukora igitaramo cyari cyitabiriwe n'umuyobozi wa BET Pat Charles. 2C yatsindiye kwerekana kandi yitabira amarushanwa ya BET's Wild Out yo aba kuwa gatatu. Kabone nubwo atatsinze iri rushanwa, kwiyerekana kwe kuri stage byamuhaye amahirwe yo kwiyerekana kandi bimwemerera gukora ibitaramo muri [[Amerika]] yose no muri [[Kanada]]. Muri 2014, 2C yakoranye n'itsinda ry'abahanzi babiri bo muri [[Gana]] bitwa Ruff na Smooth bafata amajwi y'indirimbo yitwa "I Wanna Be". Yasinyanye amasezerano na Outtaspace Entertainment mu 2017 maze asaba Akon kwandika "Mr Mechanic". 2C yagiye mu ruzinduko rwo kwamamaza aho yakoze ibitaramo muri [[Liberiya]], [[Gana]] na [[Senegali]]; yaririmbye mu isabukuru ya Radiyo King FM. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ability |first=Profile |date=20 September 2019 |title=ProfileAbility – 2C |url=https://profileability.com/2c/ |access-date=3 October 2019 |website=ProfileAbility}}</ref> == Guhabwa no gushyirwa mu bahabwa ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Icyabaye ! Igihembo ! Akazi katoranijwe ! Igisubizo |- | 2009 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo by'imyidagaduro yo muri Liberiya | Amashusho meza yindirimbo | "Liberia Girl" Yaratsinze |- | 2010 | Umuhanzi wumwaka | We ubwe Yaratsinze |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} l6rfoyvuqyrd5rtc5vmmlqpwgeuum7w 0 13601 139444 90376 2026-09-23T09:45:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139444 wikitext text/x-wiki Muri Werurwe 1984, impanuka ikomeye y’imirasire yabereye muri Maroc, ku rugomero rw’amashanyarazi rwa Mohammedia, aho abantu umunani bapfuye bazize kuva amaraso ava mu bihaha bitewe n'imirasire ikabije yakwirakwijwe mu mibiri yabo iturutse ku isoko ya iridium-192 . Abandi bantu nabo bahawe imiti irenze urugero isaba ubuvuzi. Abantu batatu boherejwe mu kigo cya Curie i Paris kuvurwa uburozi bw’imirase. [[Dosiye:Radiation warning symbol.jpg|thumb|ikimenyetso kiburira gishyirwa ahari imirasire]] Inkomoko yakoreshwaga kuri radiografi yo gusudira hanyuma itandukana na kontineri yayo ikingiwe. Nkomoko, pellet ya iridium, ubwayo nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko ikora radio, umukozi yarayijyanye murugo, ahamara ibyumweru runaka, agaragaza umuryango kumirasire. Umukozi, umuryango we na bene wabo ni bo bantu umunani bapfuye bazize impanuka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Metzger |first=J. |date=1985 |title=Information Notice No. 85-57: Lost Iridium-192 Source Resulting in the Death of Eight Persons in Morocco |url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/info-notices/1985/in85057.html |access-date=March 31, 2016 |publisher=United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Amashakiro yo hanze == * {{Cite web |title=Information Notice No. 85-57: Lost Iridium-192 Source Resulting in the Death of Eight Persons in Morocco |url=https://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/gen-comm/info-notices/1985/in85057.html |website=[[United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission]]}} * [http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/radevents/1984MOR1.html Description of the incident in Johnston's Archive] <references /> 7rxs80zkd9xsb3oey5drhknuo700z70 0 13606 139428 114131 2026-09-23T09:43:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Waste management in Iran-Qazvin city-2016 Canon Photography-Social Documentary 26.jpg|thumb|Ahantu hakusanyirizwa imyanda barimo kuyirobanura.|410x410px]] '''Ubucuruzi (cyangwa ubucuruzi n'inganda)''' - gutwikira imyanda yubucuruzi nubwoko bwimyanda. Muri rusange, ubucuruzi buteganijwe kwishyiriraho gahunda yo gukusanya, gutunganya no kujyana imyanda aho igomba guhurizwa. itegeko riteganya ko imyanda iva mu maduka no mu nganda igomba gukusanywa. Iyi myanda izwi kandi nk'imyanda yo mu nganda kandi ishobora kujya hanze ikabangamira ibidukukuje. == Reba kandi == * Imyanda yubucuruzi * Urutonde rwibigo bishinzwe gucunga imyanda * Urutonde rw'ingingo zo gucunga imyanda * Urutonde rwa tekinoroji yo gutunganya imyanda * Urutonde rwimbuga za superfund muri Amerika * Urutonde rwingingo zijyanye nibidukikije * Umwanda * Ikirenga 2x2gdhpfuxkzh037mm3io9dxv8kxpsm 0 13617 139167 127190 2026-09-23T03:13:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139167 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Thurahalli,_Bengaluru,_Karnataka_560062,_India_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|thumb|Thurahalli, Bengaluru, Karnataka India - panoramio]] [[Dosiye:Elephants_in_Herbivore_Safari,_Bannerghatta_Reserve_Forest,_Bengaluru,_Karnataka.jpg|thumb|Inyamaswa zo mu '''Ishyamba rya Bankura''']] [[Dosiye:Karapuzha_dam,_Wayanad.jpg|thumb|'''Ishyamba rya Bankura''']] '''Ishyamba rya Bankura''' ni ishyamba ririnzwe muri Bengaluru, [[Ubuhinde|mu Buhinde]]. Abakozi bo mu kigo gishinzwe kubungabunga amashyamba n’abakozi ba Leta boherejwe mu karere bagenzura ubuyobozi kandi bagatanga serivisi ku bantu kuva ku cyicaro gikuru cya Bankura. Ubuso bwose bw’amashyamba mu Karere ka Bankura, bugizwe n’ibice bitatu, Igice cya Bankura (Amajyaruguru), Igice cya Bankura (Amajyepfo) n’ishami rya Panchet, ni 1463.56&nbsp;km ², bingana na 21.27% by'ubuso bw'ubutaka bw'akarere. Muri ako karere hari ha 0,046 y’amashyamba kuri buri muntu, mu gihe iyo mibare ari ha 0,02 kuri Bengal y’Iburengerazuba yose. Ishyamba rigizwe n'ibirometerokare 44.48&nbsp; y'amashyamba arinzwe, 1391.95&nbsp;km ² y'amashyamba arinzwe, n'ibirometerokare 27.13&nbsp;yishyamba rya leta ridafite uwo ryanditseho. Mbere y’ubwigenge bw’Ubuhinde, guverinoma ya Bengal y’Iburengerazuba yari yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho urwego rushinzwe kurengera, kubungabunga no gucunga ibimera n’ibinyabuzima ndetse no kugeza serivisi z’ibidukikije ku batuye mu nkengero z'ayo mashyamba. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=83–91}}</ref> Urujya n'uruza mu mashyamba babiterwa n'intego zitandukanye nko kurisha, inkwi, no gukusanya amababi ya sal, imbuto n'ibihumyo, n'ibindi. Hamwe n’umuvuduko ukabije w’abantu ku mashyamba, umubare ntarengwa w’angirika ry’amashyamba ntushobora kwirindwa. Icyakora, ingamba zihuriweho zo gucunga amashyamba zirimo gukorwa mu rwego rwo guteza imbere kubungabunga amashyamba. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} qfbtqigrjy8l7k3f2uk20iwfl36p98p 0 13620 139153 107205 2026-09-23T03:11:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139153 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Barrage_vert.png|thumb|right|Ikarita igaragaza ahateganyirijwe gushyira mu bikorwa uyu mushinga.]] '''Umushinga wa Green Dam muri Alijeriya''' watangiriye muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] mu myaka ya 1960 ufite intego zo gutera ibiti miliyoni kugira ngo uhagarike ubutayu; byumwihariko, bwarimo bugana mu majyaruguru [[Ubutayu bwa sahara|yubutayu bwa Sahara]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 8, 2021 |title=Green dam: how Algeria stopped the desert |url=https://lejournaldelafrique.com/en/green-dam-how-Algeria-stopped-the-desert/ |access-date=February 14, 2023 |archive-date=April 6, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406025945/https://lejournaldelafrique.com/en/green-dam-how-Algeria-stopped-the-desert/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umushinga wateye imbere kandi uhinduka kuva muri za 1970, 80, 90, no muri 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Green Dam in Algeria |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273286423_The_Green_Dam_in_Algeria_as_a_tool_to_combat_desertification |access-date=6 December 2022 |website=researchgate.net}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwasohotse mu 2021 bwanzuye ko ibice Umushinga wa Green Dam wa Alijeriya ugenda wangirika kubera impamvu nyinshi, harimo no kuragira amatungo. <ref name="mdpi_7953">{{Cite journal|pages=7953}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwanzuye ko gahunda iriho yogusigasira umushinga wa Green dami kwitabwaho. <ref name="mdpi_7953" /> Kugeza mu 2021, guverinoma ya Alijeriya yateganyaga ibikorwa byo gusana bigomba kumara imyaka myinshi kandi birimo ishoramari rya miliyoni 128. <ref>{{Cite web |title=salescrap.online |url=https://algeriainvest.com/en/news/algeria-earmarks-us128mn-to-rehabilitation-of-green-dam |access-date=2022-12-07 |website=algeriainvest.com |language=en |archive-date=2022-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221206113332/https://algeriainvest.com/en/news/algeria-earmarks-us128mn-to-rehabilitation-of-green-dam |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} b74qibqy3se3xptsna3w2f6utcbu5qj 0 13647 139293 127200 2026-09-23T07:42:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139293 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bayerischer_wald_kahlgefressen.jpg|thumb|right|Ishyamba ryatemwe.]] [[Dosiye:Jeunes plants d'arbres forestières.jpg|thumb|Gutera amashyamba]] [[Dosiye:Atividad en La Pona con estudiantes de la UAA 11.jpg|thumb|Gutwika amashyamba]] [[Dosiye:Hutan Tangkahan.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] [[Dosiye:Ryssebergen 2012b.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] [[Dosiye:Reforestation 6 year.JPG|thumb|Reforestation]] [[Dosiye:Hay tanta vida tras el escombro.jpg|thumb|Hay tanta vida tras el escombro]] [[Dosiye:Pura chamba.jpg|thumb|Pura chamba]] [[Dosiye:Conifer forest.jpg|thumb|Conifer forest]] [[Dosiye:Vaade Meenikunno rabale Liipsaare vaatetornist.jpg|thumb|Vaade Meenikunno rabale Liipsaare vaatetornist]] [[Dosiye:Diližanská příroda.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] [[Dosiye:Aerial view of the Amazon Rainforest.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rya amazoni]] '''Abarinzi b'amashyamba''' ni ishami ry’amashyamba ryita ku kubungabunga cyangwa guteza imbere ishyamba no gukumira no kugenzura ibyangizwa n’amashyamba na kamere cyangwa umuntu byatewe nk’umuriro w'amashyamba, udukoko twangiza, hamwe n’ikirere kibi. Kurinda amashyamba nabyo bifite ubuzima gatozi kandi aho kurinda abantu bangiza amashyamba gusa bigaragara ko ari benshi harimo na pathologie y'amashyamba. Bitewe n'ibisobanuro bitandukanye bwo kurinda amashyamba. kurengera amashyamba byibanda ku binyabuzima na abiotic bitajyanye n’ibyaha.ishyamba ririnzwe ritandukanye cyane n'ishyamba ritarinzwe. ishyamba ritarinzwe rishobora guteza ingorane cyane harimo inkongi y'umuriro ndetse no kwangirika kw'ikirere kubura inyamaswa ndetse n'izindi ngaruka zitandukanye [https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en/c/ca8985en] Ubwoko bw'ihohoterwa rikorerwa abantu kurinda amashyamba bashaka gukumira harimo: * Aggressive or unsustainable intensive farming and logging * Pollution of the forest soil * Expanding city development caused by population explosion and the resulting urban sprawl amategeko yerekeye ubutaka bw’amashyamba arakomeye cyangwa ntabeho mu bice byinshi by'isi. Muri Amerika y'Epfo agenda atera akaga, harimo amashyamba akomeye, abayobozi b'ikigo cy'igihugu [[Burezile|cya Berezile]] gishinzwe ibidukikije (IBAMA) baherutse kuraswa mu mirimo yabo isanzwe. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=2122–2130}}</ref> == Kugura ubutaka == Ubwoko bumwe bworoshye bwo kurinda amashyamba ni ukubona ubutaka na leta cyangwa imiryango ishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije kugirango bibungabunge umutekano, cyangwa gutera amashyamba Ariko rero, kugura ikibanza gusa ntibibuza gukoreshwa n'abandi mu guhinga no gutema ibiti bitemewe Inzira nziza yo kurinda ishyamba, cyane cyane amashyamba akura ashaje mu turere twa kure, ni ukubona igice cyayo, gutura, gukurikirana ubutaka bwaguzwe,izi ngamba rimwe na rimwe ntizihagije kubera ko gutwika bishobora gutwika ishyamba hasi, hasigara ahantu hatwitswe hakoreshwa ubusa. Ikindi kibazo kijyanye no gutura ku butaka bw’amashyamba yaguzwe ni uko hashobora kuba hatabereye ahantu heza h’urugo rusanzwe hatabayeho gukuraho ubutaka, butubahiriza intego yo kurinda. Mu bindi bisubizo harimo kubaka uburinzi cyangwa, Ibi birakorwa muri iki gihe muri Amerika yepfo kugirango barinde ibigega binini. Mubihe byashize, abanyamerika kavukire babaga mu mpande cyangwa mu butaka bwa mandan Uburyo butari bwiza bwo kurinda amashyamba bwageragejwe, nk'ubucuruzi bw'ibiti bwemewe. Kurinda igice gito cy'ubutaka mu mashyamba manini birashobora kandi bugira agaciro gake. amashyamba y'imvura yo muturere dushyuha ashobora gupfa aramutse agabanutse mubunini, kubera ko biterwa na kirima barema. Ubwumvikane ni ugukora ubuhinzi n'ubworozi, cyangwa gucunga neza ibiti. Ibi bisobanura indangagaciro zitandukanye kubutaka bwamashyamba nubutaka bwimirima, ahantu henshi hagabanijwe.[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0262407909618029?via%3Dihub] [https://woodlandstewards.osu.edu/] == Gutemba kw'abaturanyi == Ubushakashatsi buvuguruzanya ku gitekerezo kivuga ko kurinda amashyamba byimura amashyamba gusa. Ibi byitwa 'quartier leakage'. Dukurikije paradox yo kurinda amashyamba ahantu harinzwe nko gutura mu cyaro harinzwe hiyongereyeho inshuro ebyiri ugereranije n’ahandi. [[Abishyize Hamwe Bashinzwe Kubungabunga Isi|IUCN]] ishyira mu bikorwa protocole irinda uturere turenga 670. 46% by'ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije bitarenze 10%. Bikaba bivuze ko uturere tudakurikiranwa nkuko bikwiye kandi uburinzi ntibukora. Urebye kurengera amashyamba mubice byihutirwa kw'isi ntibi shimishije. Urugero rwatanzwe ni uko ikigereranyo cyo kurinda 8.4% ahantu h’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye. Ibisubizo bifite aho bihuriye na politiki ukurikije intego y’amasezerano y'ubudasa bw'ibinyabuzima, yongeye gushimangirwa mu 2008, kubungabunga mu buryo bunoze “nibura 10% bya buri bwoko bw’amashyamba ku isi”.[https://www.eib.org/en/publications/20220173-forests-at-the-heart-of-sustainable-development] == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090304131941/http://www.barrameda.com.ar/ecology/forests-in-danger.htm Amashyamba ari mu kaga] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090228120817/http://www.intactforests.org/publications/publications.htm Igishushanyo mbonera cyo kugarura: Imiterere yanyuma y’amashyamba ku isi] * [http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/a0400e/a0400e00.htm Isuzuma ry’umutungo w’amashyamba ku isi 2005] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080124171741/http://www.coolforests.org/ CoolForests.org - Kubungabunga bikonjesha umubumbe] 3rsxvlf5yduajyx6new6knruwx48jnb 0 13654 139154 123789 2026-09-23T03:11:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139154 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ministrica_obiskala_pripadnike_Slovenske_vojske_in_URSZR,_ki_pomagajo_v_nastanitvenem_centru_in_na_meji_01.JPG|thumb|300x300px| Abimukira]] '''Kwimuka kwabantu''' nigikorwa cy'abantu bava ahantu hamwe bajya ahandi bafite intego yo gutura, burundu cyangwa byigihe gito, ahantu hashya Urugendo rukunze kubaho intera ndende kandi kuva mu gihugu ujya mubindi, ariko kw'imuka mbere nabyo birashoboka; mubyukuri, ubu ni bwo buryo bwiganje bwo kwimuka kw'abantu kwisi yose. <ref>''[https://web.archive.org/web/20210226132929/https://www.iom.int/wmr/ World Migration Report 2020]''. International Organization for Migration, 2019. "The great majority of people in the world do not migrate across borders; much larger numbers migrate within countries (an estimated 740 million internal migrants in 2009)" (p. 19). "In 2019, there were an estimated 272 million international migrants globally (3.5% of the world’s population) .... it is evident that the vast majority of people continue to live in the countries in which they were born" (p. 21).</ref> Kwimuka akenshi bifitanye isano nigishoro cyiza cyumuntu haba kurwego rwumuntu ndetse no murugo, hamwe no kubona uburyo bwiza bwo kwimuka, byoroha kwimuka rya kabiri. Ifite amahirwe menshi yo kuzamura iterambere ryabantu, kandi ubushakashatsi bumwe bwemeza ko kwimuka aribwo buryo butaziguye bwo kuva mu bukene. Imyaka nayo ni ingenzi kubikorwa byombi no kwimuka bitari akazi. Abantu barashobora kwimuka nkabantu ku giti cyabo, [[Miryango|mumiryango]] cyangwamu matsinda manini. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Migrations country wise |url=http://migrationsmap.net/#/USA/arrivals |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211025416/http://migrationsmap.net/#/USA/arrivals |archive-date=2016-02-11 |access-date=7 June 2014}}</ref> Hariho uburyo bune bwingenzi bwo kwimuka:gutera, kwigarurira, ubukoroni nokwimura / Abimukira. Abantu bimuka mu rugo rwabo kubera kwimurwa kugahato bashobora kuvugwa ko ari abimuwe cyangwa, iyo basigaye mu gihugu cyabo, abimuwe mu gihugu. Umuntu uhungira mu kindi gihugu ashobora kuba, ari impamvu yo kuva mu gihugu cy’iwabo ari politiki,cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gutotezwa, ashobora gusaba mu gihugu ubuhungiro bushakirwa hanyuma bikavugwa ko ari ubuhungiro. Niba iyi porogaramu igenda neza, ubuzima bwemewe nu muntu buhinduka impunzi. Ibihugu bigumana imbaraga zo gufata icyemezo cyo kwinjira no kuguma kubatari abenegihugu kuko kwimuka bigira ingaruka ku bintu bimwe na bimwe bisobanura igihugu.  [[Dosiye:Niger_highway_overloaded_camion_2007.jpg|thumb| Umuhanda munini wa Nigeriya waremereye kamion 2007]] Bitewe n'intego n'impamvu yo kwimuka, abantu bimuka bashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bitatu: abimukira, impunzi, n'abasaba ubuhunzi. muri rusange ni byinshi bishobora gutera abantu guhindura aho bari baherereye Nkuko bimeze, abimukira basanzwe bavugwa nkabantu bahindura igihugu batuyemo kubwimpamvu rusange. Izi ntego zishobora kubamo gushakisha amahirwe meza yakazi cyangwa ibikenerwa mubuvuzi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=Migration vs. Immigration: Differences and Similarities |url=https://thewordpoint.com/blog/migration-vs-immigration |access-date=2020-10-22 |website=thewordpoint.com |language=en}}</ref> Impamvu zituma impunzi zimuka ubusanzwe zirimo ibikorwa byintambara mu gihugu cyangwa ubundi buryo bwo gukandamizwa, bituruka kuri guverinoma cyangwa imiryango itegamiye kuri leta. Ubusanzwe impunzi zifitanye isano nabantu bagomba kwimuka batabishaka vuba bishoboka; kubwibyo, abimukira nkabo birashoboka ko bazimuka badafite ibyangombwa. <ref name=":0"/> Impamvu yo kuva mu gihugu kubasaba ubuhungiro ishobora kuba irimo ubukungu cyangwa politiki bidahungabana cyangwa umubare munini w'ibyaha. Niyo mpamvu, abasaba ubuhunzi bimuka ahanini kugira ngo bahunge. <ref name=":0"/> kwimuka ntibifatwa nkabimuka, kubera ko muri rusange urugendo ari ibihe nta bushake bwo gutura ahantu hashya, kandi abantu bake gusa ni bo bagumanye ubu buryo bwo kubaho muri iki gihe. Urugendo rwigihe gito, ubukerarugendo,cyangwa ingendo nazo ntifatwa nkuwimuka, mugihe udafite umugambi wo gutura no gutura ahantu hasuwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 August 2020 |title=Migration vs. Immigration: Differences and Similarities |url=https://thewordpoint.com/blog/migration-vs-immigration}}</ref> == Ingaruka zubukungu zo kwimuka kwabantu == [[Dosiye:Dorothea_Lange,_Drought_refugees_from_Oklahoma_camping_by_the_roadside,_Blythe,_California,_1936.jpg|thumb| impunzi]] Ingaruka zo kwimuka kwabantu mu bukungu bw'isi zabaye nziza Muri 2015, abimukira bagize 3,3%byabatuye isi,9.4% by'umusaruro rusange w'isi. Kurwego rwa micréconomie, agaciro kigenda kwabantu kamenyekana cyane nibigo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2021 n’itsinda ry’ubujyanama rya Boston ryerekanye ko 72% by’abayobozi 850+ bo mu bihugu byinshi n’inganda bemeza ko kwimuka byagiriye akamaro ibihugu byabo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-06 |title=When Innovation Has No Borders, Culture Is Key |url=https://www.bcg.com/publications/2022/innovation-without-borders |access-date=2022-06-20 |website=BCG Global |language=en}}</ref> ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry'isi kibitangaza ngo gufungura imipaka yose bishobora kongera miliyari 78 z'amadolari == Kwimuka kubushake kandi ku gahato == Itandukaniro riri hagati ''y'ubushake'' no ''kwimuka kubushake'' biragoye kubikora kandi bifite ishingiro, kuko abatera kwimuka akenshi bifitanye isano. Bank y'isi yagereranije ko, mu mwaka wa 2010, miliyoni 16.3 cyangwa 7,6% by'abimukira bujuje ibisabwa nk'impunzi. <ref name="worldbankfactbook2011">{{Cite web |title=Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011 |url=https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAC/Resources/Factbook2011-Ebook.pdf |access-date=25 March 2019 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |page=18 |edition=2nd}}</ref> Uyu mubare wiyongereye kugera kuri miliyoni 19.5 muri 2014. <ref name="worldbankfactbook2016">{{Cite web |title=Migration and Remittances Factbook 2016 |url=https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/23743/9781464803192.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y |access-date=25 March 2019 |publisher=[[World Bank]] |pages=19–20 |edition=3rd}} As noted on p. xiii, the report presents migrant stocks for 2013, refugee numbers for 2014, remittance outflows for 2014, and remittance inflows for 2015.</ref> Ku rwego rwa hafi 3 ku ijana umugabane w’abimukira mubatuye isi wagumye uhoraho kuburyo budasanzwe mumyaka 5 ishize. === Kwimuka kubushake === '''Kwimuka ku bushake''' bishingiye kubushake bw’umuntu kandi bigaterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu: ubukungu, politiki ndetse n’imibereho: haba mu gihugu cy’abimukira cyangwa mu gihugu aho ujya Gusunika ibintu nimpamvu zisunika abantu ahantu runaka. mugihugu bakomokamo, akenshi bifata ibyemezo muguhitamo kwimuka. nibintu byiza by'igihugu gitandukanye gishishikariza abantu kwimuka gushaka ubuzima bwiza. "ikintu cyo gusunika" cyangwa kugena / gukurura, ingero nkizo ni: ubuzima bubi, kubura akazi, umwanda ukabije, inzara, amapfa cyangwa ibiza. Ibihe nkibi byerekana impamvu zifatika zo kwimuka kubushake, abaturage bahitamo kwimuka kugirango bakumire ibibazo byubukungu cyangwa nububabare bwamarangamutima ndetse numubiri. === Kwimuka ku gahato === Hariho ibisobanuro bihatanira kwimuka ku gahato. Icyakora, abanditsi b'ikinyamakuru cya siyansi kizwi cyane kuri iyo ngingoisubiramo ry'abimukira kugahato, batanga ibisobanuro bikurikira: Kwimuka ku gahato bivuga ingendo z’impunzi n’abimuwe mu gihugu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome {{!}} Forced Migration Review |url=https://www.fmreview.org/ |access-date=2022-11-16 |website=www.fmreview.org}}</ref> Izi mpamvu zitandukanye zitera kwimuka zisiga abantu amahitamo imwe, kwimukira mubidukikije. Abimukira bava mu ngo zabo bashaka ubuzima mu nkambi, gutura bidatinze, no mu bihugu by'ubuhungiro. <ref>[[Colson, Elizabeth]], [http://web.mnstate.edu/robertsb/308/forced%20migration%20and%20the%20anthropological%20response.pdf "Forced Migration and the Anthropological Response"]. ''[[Journal of Refugee Studies]]''. Vol. 16, No. 1, 2003, pp. 1–19</ref> Mu mpera za 2018, ku isi hose habaruwe miliyoni 67.2 ku gahato ku isi – Impunzi miliyoni 25.9 zavanywe mu bihugu byazo, na miliyoni 41.3 z’abimuwe mu gihugu bari barimuwe mu bihugu byabo kubera impamvu zitandukanye. == Ibitekerezo byo kwimuka kwiki gihe == === Incamake === impanvu yamukuru itera abimukira gukomeza kugenda nuko ibihugu hafi yabyose by'isi byongereye abakozi kugirango ubukungu bwabyo burusheho kwiyongera. [[Bene]] abo bimukira bakohereza bamwe mu mazu binjiza mu muryango mu buryo bwo kohereza amafaranga mu bukungu, bikaba byarabaye ishingiro ry'ubukungu mu bihugu byinshi bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. <ref>Jason de Parle, "A Good Provider Leaves", ''New York Times'', 22 Apr 2007.</ref> Abantu barashobora kandi kwimuka cyangwa guhatirwa kwimuka biturutse ku makimbirane,ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu Izindi mpamvu abantu bashobora kwimuka zirimo kubona amahirwe na serivisi. <ref name="unfpa.org">{{Cite news}}</ref>  . Muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, urugero, kwimukira mu [[Burayi]] bibarwa nk'ikimenyetso cy'icyubahiro rusange. Byongeye kandi, ibihugu byinshi byahoze bikoronizwa .. <ref>For example, [[Moroccans in France]], [[Filipino Americans|Filipinos in the United States of America]], [[Koreans in Japan]] or [[Samoans in New Zealand]].</ref> == reba == 9u8sns2h2zffbv19lvncgf463lxpy0r 0 13717 139168 110763 2026-09-23T03:13:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139168 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishami rishinzwe amashyamba rya Maharashtra''' ni ishami rya leta y’[[Ubuhinde]] rishinzwe amashyamba n’imicungire y’ibinyabuzima. [[Dosiye:Tree_Plantation_Drive_by_Maharashtra_Forest_Department.jpg|thumb| Ibipimo byagaragaye, Igihe cyo Gutera Ibiti kuva 1 Nyakanga kugeza 30 Nzeri 2019]] Icyicaro gikuru cy’ishami ry’amashyamba rya Maharashtra giherereye i Nagpur. Hari amashyamba 11 ariyo; Amravati, Aurangabad, Chandrapur, Dhule, Gadchiroli, Kolhapur, Nagpur, Nashik, Pune, Thane na Yavatmal. Ibiti by'nziga eshatu zo mu gasozi ni Wildlife Borivali, Wildlife Nagpur na Wildlife Nashik. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Contacts |url=http://www.mahaforest.nic.in/contact_detail.php?lang_eng_mar=Eng |publisher=Maharashtra Forest Department, Government of Maharashtra |access-date=2023-02-16 |archive-date=2020-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221042328/http://www.mahaforest.nic.in/contact_detail.php?lang_eng_mar=Eng |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibiro by'Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe kubungabunga n'amashyamba, umuyobozi w’ingabo z’amashyamba (HoFF) ni umuyobozi w’ishami ry’amashyamba muri Maharashtra. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Maharashtra Forest Department |url=http://www.mahaforest.nic.in/internal.php?lang_eng_mar=Eng&id=26 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180428231715/http://mahaforest.nic.in/internal.php?lang_eng_mar=Eng&id=26 |archive-date=2018-04-28 |access-date= |website= }}</ref> Uburenganzira bw’amoko mu turere tw’amashyamba hakurikijwe itegeko ry’uburenganzira bw’amashyamba bugengwa n’ishami ry’amashyamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Welcome to Forest Rights Act website |url=https://www.fra.org.in/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216200724/https://www.fra.org.in/ |archive-date=2023-02-16 |access-date= |website= }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_in_India.jpg|thumb|Tree planting in India]] [[Dosiye:Forest_in_India,_2015_(1).jpg|thumb|Forest in India, 2015 (1)]] == 33 Igikorwa cyo Gutera Igiti == Kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere n’amapfa muri Maharashtra, ishami ry’amashyamba ryateguye gahunda yo gutera ibiti miliyoni 33. Byari urugendo rw'amezi atatu yo gutera ibiti mu turere 36 guhera kwitariki ya 1 Nyakanga kugeza 30 Nzeri muri Leta ya Maharastra. Leta yageze ku ntego yayo itera ingemwe zirenga 33 Crore. Muri rusange, ishami ry’amashyamba rya Maharashtra ryateye, miliyoni 52 z’ibiti hagati ya 2017 na 2019 kandi ubuzima bwo kubaho buracyari 81%. [[Dosiye:Tree_planting_in_Thrissur_Town_Hall-13.jpg|thumb|Tree planting in Thrissur Town Hall-13]] [[Dosiye:Kulamavu_Idukki_SH33_Forest_Kerala_Mar22_A7C_01129.jpg|thumb|Kulamavu Idukki SH33 Forest Kerala Mar22 A7C 01129]] [[Dosiye:Shola_Forest,_Tamil_Nadu,_India,_2016_(1).jpg|thumb|Shola Forest, Tamil Nadu, India, 2016 (1)]] [[Dosiye:Kullu_Valley,_Manali,_Pine_forest,_India.jpg|thumb|Kullu Valley, Manali, Pine forest, India]] == amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160506012425/http://www.mahaforest.nic.in/ Urubuga rwemewe] rwishami ry’amashyamba rya Maharashtra, Guverinoma ya Maharashtra 4e3ftuxa60nkoiljb5cfgrppmda3c1h 0 13725 139381 121527 2026-09-23T09:10:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pirogue running on the Mekong at sunset with pink clouds in Don Det Laos.jpg|thumb|322x322px]] '''Ihuriro ry’ibitangazamakuru [Pan-African Media Alliance for Climate Climate]''' (PAMACC) ni rimwe mu mashyirahamwe ya Afurika y’abanyamakuru kubirebana n’ibidukikije. Yashinzwe muri Kamena 2013 mu mikoro ngiro ifite intego igira iti: Pan African Alliance Justice Alliance. yateguwe n'abanyamakuru bo muri Afurika. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230216162833/http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/32100 Chipanga, P. 2013. Malawian elected to lead a media climate change grouping. Newstime Africa. 10 June 2013], retrieved 31 July 2013</ref> [[Dosiye:Water reflection of sunset with gray and orange clouds and a boat moored to the bank in Pakse Laos.jpg|thumb]] Intego ya PAMACC ni ugushyigikira abanyamakuru no kunoza raporo zabo ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi yashyizeho urubuga rwo gusangira inkuru zabo kubirebana nimihindagurikire y'ibihe. Ifite abahuzabikorwa b'akarere, bazashishikariza abanyamakuru gushyiraho inzego zabo kurwego rw'igihugu muri buri gihugu. Umuhuzabikorwa wa Afurika yepfo, Sellina Nkowani ukomoka muri [[Malawi]], yatangaje koyifuza ubwo bufatanye bushishikariza abanyamakuru b’abagore benshi gutanga raporo ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. <ref>[http://mwnation.com/npl-journo-elected-to-climate-change-regional-body NPL journo elected to climate change regional body. ''The Nation'' (Malawi). 6 June 2013.], retrieved 31 July 2013</ref> Abandi bahuzabikorwa b'akarere ni Elias Ngalame ukomoka muri [[Kameruni]] (muri Afurika yo hagati), Atayi Babs Opaluwah ukomoka muri [[Nijeriya]] (muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba) na Kizito Makoye wo muri [[Tanzaniya]] (muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba). Isaiah Esipisu ukomoka muri [[Kenya]] azakora nkumuhuzabikorwa wumugabane wose mugukusanya amakuru kubijyanye nimihindagurikire y'ibihe. <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/201306260525.html Ijayi, S. 2013. Nigeria: Alliance for African Climate Change Reporters Launched. AllAfrica.com. 26 June 2013], retrieved 31 July 2013</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} cf5cdfxftbmvohz2fxaz1zcuxr3ubcq 0 13743 139117 90632 2026-09-23T02:37:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139117 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije''' ni kwangirika [[:en:Environment_(biophysical)|kw'ibidukikije]] binyuze [[:en:Depletion_of_resources|mu gutakaza umutungo]] nk'ubwiza bw'umwuka, [[amazi]] n'ubutaka; gusenya urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima; gusenya aho gutura; kuzimangana kw'inyamanswa; n'umwanda. Irasobanuwe nkimpinduka zose cyangwa guhungabanya ibidukikije bigaragara ko bisibwe cyangwa bitifuzwa. <ref>Johnson, D.L., S.H. Ambrose, T.J. Bassett, M.L. Bowen, D.E. Crummey, J.S. Isaacson, D.N. Johnson, P. Lamb, M. Saul, and A.E. Winter-Nelson. 1997. Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality 26: 581–589.</ref> Ibibazo by’ibidukikije birashobora gusobanurwa nkingaruka mbi zibikorwa byose byabantu kubidukikije. Ibinyabuzima kimwe nibintu bifatika biranga ibidukikije birimo. Zimwe mu mbogamizi zibanze z’ibidukikije zitera impungenge zikomeye ni ihumana ry’ikirere, ihumana ry’amazi, ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije, umwanda w’imyanda, n’ibindi. <ref>[https://www.toppr.com/guides/biology/environmental-issues/types-of-environmental-issues/ Types of Environmental Issues]</ref> Kwangirika kw'ibidukikije ni kimwe mu bintu icumi byugarijwe ku mugaragaro n'Inama Nkuru yo ku iterabwoba, imbogamizi n'impinduka z'umuryango w'abibumbye. Ingamba z’umuryango w’abibumbye zigamije kugabanya ibiza zisobanura ko kwangirika kw’ibidukikije ari "kugabanya ubushobozi bw’ibidukikije kugira ngo intego z’imibereho n’ibidukikije zikenewe,". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-03-31 |title=ISDR : Terminology |url=http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-terminology-eng%20home.htm |access-date=2010-06-09 |publisher=The International Strategy for Disaster Reduction}}</ref> Kwangiza ibidukikije biza muburyo bwinshi. Iyo ahantu nyaburanga hasenyutse cyangwa umutungo kamere ukabura, ibidukikije birangirika. Imbaraga zo guhangana niki kibazo zirimo kurengera ibidukikije no gucunga umutungo w’ibidukikije. Imicungire mibi iganisha ku kwangirika irashobora kandi guteza amakimbirane ashingiye ku bidukikije aho abaturage bateranira kurwanya ingufu zacungaga ibidukikije. == Gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima == Abahanga bavuga ko ibikorwa byabantu byasunitse isi mubintu bya gatandatu byazimye. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sixth_Extinction:_An_Unnatural_History</ref> <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Scientists'_Warning_to_Humanity</ref> [[Gutakaza urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima]] byatewe cyane cyane n'ubwinshi bw'abantu, ubwiyongere bw'abaturage bw'abantu ndetse no gukoresha umutungo kamere ku bakire ku isi. <ref>http://static.squarespace.com/static/51b078a6e4b0e8d244dd9620/t/538797c3e4b07a163543ea0f/1401395139381/Pimm+et+al.+2014.pdf</ref> <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5544311</ref> Raporo yo mu mwaka wa 2020 [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|n’ikigega cy’isi cyita ku nyamaswa]] yasanze ibikorwa by’abantu - cyane cyane gukabya gukabya, ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no guhinga cyane - byangije 68% by’inyamaswa z’inyamabere kuva mu 1970. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/10/humans-exploiting-and-destroying-nature-on-unprecedented-scale-report-aoe</ref> ''Raporo y’isuzumabumenyi ku isi ku bijyanye n’ibinyabuzima na serivisi z’ibinyabuzima'', yasohowe na IPBES y’umuryango w’abibumbye mu 2019, igaragaza ko amoko agera kuri miliyoni y’ibimera n’inyamaswa ahura n’impamvu ziterwa na antropogeneque, nko kwagura imikoreshereze y’ubutaka bw’abantu mu buhinzi bw’inganda no korora [[amatungo]], hamwe [[kuroba]]. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/06/climate/biodiversity-extinction-united-nations.html</ref> <ref>https://www.huffpost.com/entry/nature-destruction-climate-change-world-biodiversity_n_5c49e78ce4b06ba6d3bb2d44</ref> <ref>http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/may/06/human-society-under-urgent-threat-loss-earth-natural-life-un-report</ref> Kuva hashyirwaho ubuhinzi mu myaka isaga 11.000 ishize, abantu bahinduye hafi 70% byubutaka bwisi, aho biyomasi y’ibimera ku isi yagabanutseho kimwe cya kabiri, naho imiryango y’inyamaswa zo ku isi ibona igabanuka ry’ibinyabuzima birenga 20% ugereranyije. <ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffcosc.2020.615419</ref> <ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Fffgc.2021.626635</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2021 buvuga ko 3% gusa by’ubuso bw’isi ku isi bidukikije kandi bidahwitse, bivuze ko ahantu hatuwe n’abaturage bafite ubuzima bwiza bw’inyamanswa kavukire kandi nta na hamwe abantu bafite. Byinshi muribi bidukikije bidahwitse byari mubice bituwe nabasangwabutaka. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2021/apr/15/just-3-of-worlds-ecosystems-remain-intact-study-suggests</ref> <ref>https://doi.org/10.3389%2Fffgc.2021.626635</ref> ngaruka zibi bihombo kubuzima bwabantu n'imibereho myiza byateje impungenge zikomeye. Ku bijyanye n’urwego rw’ubuhinzi urugero, ''Leta y’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye ku isi ku biribwa n’ubuhinzi'', byashyizwe ahagaragara n’umuryango w’ibiribwa n’ubuhinzi by’umuryango w’abibumbye mu mwaka wa 2019, <ref name=":0">http://www.fao.org/3/CA3129EN/ca3129en.pdf</ref> igira iti: “ibihugu bivuga ko amoko menshi agira uruhare runini mu bidukikije. serivisi, zirimo umwanda, abanzi karemano b’udukoko, ibinyabuzima by’ubutaka n’ibinyabuzima by’ibiribwa byo mu gasozi, biragenda bigabanuka bitewe n’irimbuka n’iyangirika ry’imiturire, gukoresha cyane, umwanda n’iterabwoba ”kandi ngo“ urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rutanga serivisi nyinshi zingenzi kuri ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi, harimo gutanga amazi meza, kwirinda ingaruka no gutanga aho gutura ku moko nk'amafi n'ibyangiza, bigenda bigabanuka. ” <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191004065605/http://www.fao.org/3/ca3229en/ca3229en.pdf</ref> === Referances === lmo3b9r69b3uzmjw9g6absg65w0ldpw 0 13752 139429 138717 2026-09-23T09:43:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hambrick's Christmas Tree Farm, Leyland Cypress Christmas trees and Arizona Cypress Christmas trees.jpg|thumb|Ibiti bya Sipure|325x325px]] == Sipure == [[Dosiye:Igiti 5123.jpg|thumb|igiti sipure|156x156px]] Igiti cya sipure ini giti gikunze gukoreshwa mu kubaka urugo ( couverture ) cyangwa mu kuba mu ma shyamba, ndetse igiti cya sipure ni nacyo giti gikuzwe gukoreshwa mu kubaka ikirugu ( Christimas free ).<ref name=":0">https://umuryango.rw/opinion/article/menya-ubusobanuro-bw-umutako-w-igiti-cya-noheri-ikirugu-n-umuntu-wagishyize-mu</ref> == Kuri noheri == [[Dosiye:Weihnachtsbaum Römerberg.jpg|thumb|Ikirugu cyatangiye ari igiti cya sipure|187x187px]]Heshi ibihugu bitandukanye by’[[isi]] abantu baritegura umunsi mukuru w’ivuka rya Yesu ryitwa Noheri. Mu minsi nkiyi abantu baba bagura ibiti biranga ko habaye Noheri bagamije kubitaka mu mazu yabo, mu biro ndetse n’ahandi heshi hari abantu benshi rero hari n’ababa badafite ubushobozi buhagije bagashaka aho batema igiti cya sipure kugirango babyifashishe mu kubaka ikirugu cya [[Noheli|Noheri]].<ref name=":0" /> == Byatangiye gute == Umutako w’igiti cya Noheri ubusanzwe watangiye gukoreshwa mu mazu y’abantu hagati y’ikinyejana cya 14 kugeza 15. Akaba aribwo abakristu batangiye gukoresha kiriya giti nk’umutako ufite ubusobanuro mu gihe hizihizwa umunsi w’ivuka rya Yezu. ijoro ribanziriza [[Noheli]], umudage Martin Luther yarimo agendagenda mu ishyamba abona inyenyeri zimurikira mu mashami y’ibiti. Avuga ko icyo gihe kuri we byari byiza ndetse ko byamwibukije [[Yesu]] wasize inyenyeri zo mu ijuru akaza mu [[isi]].<ref name=":0" /> == Ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Tree in Mississippi.jpg|thumb|166x166px|Igiti]] Igiti cya sipure ni kimwe mu biti bikoreshwa mugutunganya ubusitani, kwita ku [[Ibidukikije|bidukikije]], guhinga [[Ishyamba rya Makera|ishyamba]] ritanga umwuka mwiza, ndetse ninacyo giti cya sipure gikoreshwa mu kubaka ikirugu.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 9hstyrqvzdj44x134jln2cumdjjgra0 0 13766 139244 128542 2026-09-23T07:30:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Abantu benshi bibasiwe n’imihindagurikire y'ibihe''' ('''MAPA''' ) ni ijambo <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2020-09-21 |title=Children urged to strike against lack of action on climate emergency |url=http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/sep/21/schoolchildren-strike-climate-emergency |access-date=2021-09-17 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> ryerekana amatsinda n’uturere byibasiwe cyane n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere nk'abagore, imiryango y'abasangwabutaka, amoko mato, LGBTQ ,abakuze ,abato, abakene hamwe n,igice kinini cy'isi y'epfo. <ref>{{Cite book|pages=17}}</ref> Hirya no hino hari abantu bibasirwa n'imihindagurikire y'ibihe aho benshi batwarwa n'imyuzure, abicwa n'amapfa, abicwa n'izuba ryinshi bigatuma bahora mu bibazo by'indwara z'urudaca. Na none kandi hari aho abantu bagikorerwa ivangura rishingiye ku ruhu, uburebure, ubwoko, akarere, ururimi,... == Reba == {{Reflist}} 2tp3ca5rgx2yxcy1nd983cig2remfig 0 13769 139445 115480 2026-09-23T09:45:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139445 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Alfred Palmer Smokestacks.jpg|thumb|Guhumanya ikirere kiva mu ziko|318x318px]] [[Dosiye:2016 EPI Environmental Health Objective - Air Quality (26170609658).jpg|thumb|2016 Ibipimo ngenderwaho by’ibidukikije - amabara yoroshye afite politiki nziza y’ibidukikije.]] '''Guhumanya ikirere''' ni kwanduza ikirere bitewe no kuba hari ibintu byangiza ikirere byangiza [[ubuzima]] bw’abantu n’ibindi binyabuzima, cyangwa bikangiza ikirere cyangwa ibikoresho. <ref>https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution</ref> Nukwanduza no murugo cyangwa hanze kuzengurutse haba mubikorwa bya shimi, ibintu byumubiri cyangwa ibinyabuzima bihindura ibintu biranga ikirere. <ref name="Air pollution">{{Cite web |title=Air pollution |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwimyuka ihumanya ikirere, nka gaze (harimo ammoniya, monoxide ya karubone, dioxyde de sulfure, okiside ya nitrous, metani, dioxyde de carbone na chlorofluorocarbone ), uduce (haba kama n’ibinyabuzima), na molekile y’ibinyabuzima. Ihumana ry’ikirere rishobora gutera abantu indwara, allergie, ndetse n’urupfu ku bantu; irashobora kandi kwangiza ibindi binyabuzima nkibikoko n’ibihingwa by’ibiribwa, kandi irashobora kwangiza [[ibidukikije]] (urugero, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, kugabanuka kwa ozone cyangwa kwangirika kw'imiturire ) cyangwa ibidukikije byubatswe (urugero, imvura ya aside ). <ref name="auto1">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7044178</ref> Guhumanya ikirere birashobora guterwa nibikorwa byabantu <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny_Pickerill</ref> nibintu bisanzwe. <ref>{{Citation |last1=Dimitriou |first1=Anastasia |title=Causes and Consequences of Air Pollution and Environmental Injustice as Critical Issues for Science and Environmental Education |date=2011-09-26 |url=http://www.intechopen.com/books/the-impact-of-air-pollution-on-health-economy-environment-and-agricultural-sources/causes-and-consequences-of-air-pollution-and-environmental-injustice-as-critical-issues-for-science- |work=The Impact of Air Pollution on Health, Economy, Environment and Agricultural Sources |editor-last=Khallaf |editor-first=Mohamed |publisher=InTech |language=en |doi=10.5772/17654 |isbn=978-953-307-528-0 |access-date=2022-05-31 |last2=Christidou |first2=Vasilia}}</ref> Ubwiza bw’ikirere bufitanye isano rya hafi n’ikirere cy’isi n’ibinyabuzima ku isi. benshi mu bagize uruhare mu guhumanya ikirere nabo ni isoko y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ni ukuvuga gutwika amavuta y’ibimera. <ref name="Air pollution2">{{Cite web |title=Air pollution |url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution |access-date=2023-01-14 |website=www.who.int |language=en}}</ref> == Inkomoko y’umwuka wanduye == === Inkomoko ya Anthropogenic (yakozwe n'abantu) === === References === [[Dosiye:BurningOffFieldsInTheEveningInSouthGeorgia.jpg|thumb|Kugenzura gutwika umurima hanze ya Statesboro, Jeworujiya, mu rwego rwo kwitegura gutera]] [[Dosiye:Fish smoking in Ghana.jpg|thumb|Kunywa itabi hejuru yumuriro ufunguye muri Gana, 2018]] hxdm8et8jsghg88cc8e3wz4q0n1v32i 0 13775 139382 90707 2026-09-23T09:10:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139382 wikitext text/x-wiki Hariho '''ibibazo bitandukanye by’ibidukikije muri Afurika yepfo''', nk’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubutaka, [[amazi]], gutema amashyamba, iyangirika ry’ubutaka, n’umwanda. Agace ka Afurika yepfo ubwako, usibye [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]], <ref>Rennkamp, Britta; Marquard, Andrew (2017-10-02). "South Africa's multiple faces in current climate clubs". ''South African Journal of International Affairs''. '''24''' (4): 443–461. doi:10.1080/10220461.2017.1421479. ISSN&nbsp;1022-0461.</ref> itanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere ariko ikakira ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere irangwa n’imihindagurikire y’imvura, ibihe by’ikirere bikabije n’ubushyuhe. Binyuze mu kugerageza kugendana n’ibihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere no kugerageza guhaza abaturage benshi biyongera, Afurika y'Epfo yarangije umutungo wayo mwinshi bituma byangiza ibidukikije. Igiti cya Afurika yepfo, n’ibicuruzwa nibyo shingiro ry’ubukungu bwabo, kandi aka karere kamaze gutungwa n’umutungo. Gukomeza kugabanuka no gufata nabi umutungo kamere byatumye Afurika yepfo igana muri leta aho bari. == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] igizwe n'ibihugu nka: [[Angola]], [[Botswana]], [[Eswatini]], [[Lesoto|Lesotho]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambike]], [[Namibiya]], [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Zambiya]], na [[Zimbabwe]]. Lesotho ikikijwe na Afrika yepfo (iri hagati ya Afrika yepfo). Bimwe mu bibazo by’ibidukikije bigira ingaruka kuri Afurika yepfo ni: kwanduza amazi, [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|guhumanya ikirere]], kwangirika kw’ubutaka, kwanduza imyanda ikomeye, no gutema amashyamba. Kwangiza ibidukikije ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’abaturage gusa, ahubwo binagira ingaruka ku moko atuye muri ako karere, mu gihe binagira uruhare mu kibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi. == Ibibazo by'amazi == Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye byo muri Afurika yepfo ni ukubura [[Kunywa amazi|amazi meza]]. Nk’uko amasezerano [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|y’umuryango w’abibumbye]] y’imihindagurikire y’ibihe muri Afurika yepfo mu 2000 abivuga, amazi akikije Afurika atagabanijwe ku buryo bungana, bivuze ko 60% y’amazi aherereye muri 20% gusa y’ubutaka. <ref name="wwf">{{Cite web |title=Environmental Problems in South Africa |url=http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/south_africa/environmental_problems__in_south_africa/ |access-date=13 May 2013 |publisher=WWF Global}}</ref> Amazi atarenga 10% yubutaka bwa Afrika yepfo arashobora kuboneka <ref name="pdf">{{Cite web |title=Initial National Communication under the United Nations Framework; Convention on Climate Change |url=http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/natc/zafnc01.pdf |access-date=13 May 2013 |publisher=United Nations}}</ref> kandi bitewe nuko amazi menshi yubutaka bwabo yari munsi yubutare bunini, amazi yubutaka nayo aragoye kuyageraho. <ref name="wwf" /> Imihindagurikire y’ibihe n'ingaruka zayo ku bushyuhe n'imvura bishobora kugira izindi ngaruka. banyafurika benshi bimukira mu cyaro, bikiyongera ku mazi asanzwe asabwa <ref name="po">{{Cite web |title=Water in Crisis South Africa |url=http://thewaterproject.org/water-in-crisis-south-africa.php |access-date=12 May 2013 |publisher=The Water Project}}</ref>  kandi mugihe ibyifuzo bigenda byiyongera cyane, amazi meza akomeza kuba make. Hiyongereyeho ibyifuzo byinshi, urugomero rwa Durban rwaragabanutseho 20% kuva mu 2010, <ref>http://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/kwazulu-natal/water-shortages-loom-for-durban-1.1036749#.UZ2uqWRr50s</ref> kandi kugeza 30% by'amazi yaba yaribwe cyangwa yatanzwe mu buryo butemewe binyuze mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga. <ref name="po" /> Yakomeje agira ati: “Isuzuma ry’amazi yabonetse mu 1996 ryagereranije ko impuzandengo y’amazi yatemba buri mwaka yari metero kibe miliyoni 150, umusaruro ushobora gutangwa buri mwaka ni metero kibe miliyoni 33 290, naho amazi asabwa buri mwaka yari metero kibe miliyoni 20 045. Amazi akenewe ashobora kwiyongera hafi 50% mu 2030 (Ishami ry’amazi n’amashyamba, 2000). ” <ref name="wwf2">{{Cite web |title=Environmental Problems in South Africa |url=http://wwf.panda.org/who_we_are/wwf_offices/south_africa/environmental_problems__in_south_africa/ |access-date=13 May 2013 |publisher=WWF Global}}</ref> === References === o7p9heykydohrtcchz6iz0q20gx6t35 0 13794 139383 136754 2026-09-23T09:10:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139383 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Barcarena_-_State_of_Pará,_Brazil_-_panoramio_(1).jpg|thumb|right|Umujyi wa Barcelona mu gace ka Pará]] '''Barcarena''' ni akarere ko muri Brezile muri leta ya Para ahegereye umugezi wa Tocantins. Ituwe nabaturage basaga 127,027 kandi nigice cy'umujyi munini wa Belem. Ubukungu bw'umujyi ahanini bushingiye k'ubuhinzi na mabuye ya gaciro yitwa bauxite. Hari nibikoresho bikora amabuye yagaciro [pig iron] hafi aho. Umujyi n'icyambu biratera imbere nk'icyambu kinini cyohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bihujwe na gari ya moshi iva ku cyambu kiri hafi imbere, uvuye hirya no hino muri [[Burezile]] ,bikihutisha ibicuruzwa bikanagabanya igihe n'igiciro bitandukanye n'icyambu gakondo kinini kiri mu majyepfo yiburasirazuba. == Amateka == Umujyi wabanje guturwa nabahinde ba Aruá . Mu 1709, Abajezuwiti baraza.  == Impanuka yo gutwara ibicuruzwa mu 2015 == Ku ya 6 Ukwakira 2015, ubwato bw’amatungo "MV Haidar" bwarohamye ku cyambu cya Vila do Conde kubera kunanirwa guhindura inzira. Cyari gifite [[inka]] nzima 4900 hamwe na toni zigera kuri 700 z'amavuta. <ref>[https://www.motherjones.com/blue-marble/2015/10/ship-carrying-5000-cows-sank-brazil/ - 4,400 Dead Cows Are Decomposing in a Sunken Ship in a Brazilian River] on MotherJones.com</ref> <ref>[http://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2016/07/mpf-convoca-audiencia-com-familias-afetadas-por-naufragio-em-barcarena.html - MPF convoca audiência com famílias afetadas por naufrágio em Barcarena] on Globo.com (Portuguese)</ref> Inka 4.400 zarohamye mugihe zifungiye mumizigo yubwato. Amatungo agera kuri 500 yashoboraga kwigobotora, ariko abagera ku 100 gusa ni yo yarokotse iyo mpanuka. lisansi n'amavuta byinjiye mu bisigazwa mu mazi maze byanduza uruzi rwa Pará ndetse n'umucanga wo kunkombe uhakikije, byatumye imiryango myinshi y'abarobyi ibura amaramuko. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160916082533/https://www.vesselfinder.com/news/4436-Update-Local-residents-and-authorities-angry-after-sinking-of-cattle-carrier-Haidar-in-Barcarena-Brazil-video - Update: Local residents and authorities angry after sinking of cattle carrier Haidar in Barcarena, Brazil] on Vesselfinder.com</ref> Kubera ko ikurwaho rya peteroli ryagaragaye ko rigoye, kandi nta bwumvikane bujyanye n’inshingano ndetse n’ingamba zikwiye zo gusukura zishobora kugerwaho, imirambo amagana yaboreye ku mucanga no mu bisigazwa by'ubwato amezi menshi - umutwaro munini ku burobyi n’ubukerarugendo bwo mu karere. Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ibifitiye ububasha yagereranije ibyangiritse ku baturage ko ari miliyoni 71 yamareais (hafi miliyoni 21 US $). Muri Nyakanga 2016 nta kintu cyari cyarishyuwe. <ref>[http://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2016/04/apos-6-meses-de-naufragio-navio-e-bois-ainda-estao-submersos-no-pa.html - Após 6 meses de naufrágio, navio e bois ainda estão submersos no PA] (Portuguese) on Globo.com</ref> <ref>[http://g1.globo.com/pa/para/noticia/2016/07/mpf-convoca-audiencia-com-familias-afetadas-por-naufragio-em-barcarena.html - MPF convoca audiência com famílias afetadas por naufrágio em Barcarena] on Globo.com (portuguese)</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230218161713/https://www.mpf.mp.br/pa/sala-de-imprensa/noticias-pa/afetados-pelo-naufragio-em-barcarena-pa-decidem-que-debate-sobre-indenizacao-deve-continuar - Afetados pelo naufrágio em Barcarena (PA) decidem que debate sobre indenização deve continuar] on Mpf.mp.br (Portuguese)</ref> == Ikirere == Barcarena ifite ikirere gikunda kugira imvura gifite imvura igereranije kuva Kanama kugeza Ugushyingo n' imvura nyinshi cyane mumezi asigaye. i73q8uw9ill3fhc9lbm7kmezgk5k5rp 0 13806 139359 100093 2026-09-23T09:07:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139359 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pathways for the nitrogen cycle in mangrove forests.webp|thumb|Imiterere y'ubutaka]] '''Imiterere y'ubutaka''', izwi kandi nka '''pedogenezi''', ni inzira yo kuvuka [[Ubutaka|k'ubutaka]] nkuko bigengwa n'ingaruka z'ahantu, ibidukikije, n'amateka. Ibikorwa bya [[Ibinyabuzima|biogeochemiki]] ikora kugirango ikore kandi isenye gahunda ( anisotropy ) mubutaka. Ihinduka riganisha ku iterambere ryibice, byitwa [[Ubutaka|ubutaka butambitse]], bitandukanijwe nibitandukaniro ryamabara, imiterere, imiterere, na [[Ubutaka|chimie]]. Ibiranga bibaho muburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubwoko bwubutaka, bukorwa mugusubiza itandukaniro ryibintu byubutaka. <ref>Buol, Stanley W.; Southard, Randal J.; Graham, Robert C.; McDaniel, Paul A. (2011). ''Soil genesis and classification'' (Sixth&nbsp;ed.). Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-813-80769-0</bdi>. Retrieved 26 September 2021.</ref> Pedogenezi yizwe nkishami rya pedologiya, ubushakashatsi bwubutaka mubidukikije. Andi mashami ya pedologiya ni ubushakashatsi [[Ubutaka|bwimiterere yubutaka]], no gutondekanya ubutaka. Ubushakashatsi bwa pedogenezi ni ngombwa mu gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza ubutaka muri iki gihe ( geografiya yubutaka ) no mubihe bya kera ( [[:en:Paleopedology|paleopedologiya]] ). == Incamake == [[Dosiye:FarmBot Genesis Soil Sensor Assembly.png|thumb|Akuma kifashishwa mu gupima ubutaka.]] Ubutaka butera imbere binyuze murukurikirane rwimpinduka. <ref>Jenny, Hans (1994). ''Factors of soil formation: a system of quantitative pedology''. New York, New York: Dover. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-0-486-68128-3</bdi>. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 26 September 2021.</ref> Intangiriro ni ikirere cyibikoresho byababyeyi byegeranijwe. Mikorobe zitandukanye zubutaka ( [[Bagiteri|bacteria]], archaea, fungi ) zirisha ibintu byoroshye ( intungamubiri ) zirekurwa nikirere, kandi bigatanga aside irike hamwe na poroteyine kabuhariwe bigira uruhare mu guhangana n’ikirere. Basize kandi ibisigazwa kama bigira uruhare mukurema humus. <ref>Samuels, Toby; Bryce, Casey; Landenmark, Hanna; Marie-Loudon, Claire; Nicholson, Natasha; Stevens, Adam H.; Cockell, Charles (2020). "Microbial weathering of minerals and rocks in natural environments". In Dontsova, Katerina; Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna; Le Roux, Gaël (eds.). ''Biogeochemical cycles: ecological drivers and environmental impact''. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell. pp.&nbsp;59–79. doi:10.1002/9781119413332.ch3. ISBN&nbsp;<bdi>978-1-119-41331-8</bdi>. S2CID&nbsp;216360850. Retrieved 26 September 2021.</ref> Imizi y'ibiti hamwe na mycorrhizal fungi ya symbiotic nayo irashobora gukuramo intungamubiri mumabuye. <ref>Augusto, Laurent; Fanin, Nicolas; Bakker, Mark R. (2019). "When plants eat rocks: functional adaptation of roots on rock outcrops". ''Functional Ecology''. '''33''' (5): 760‒61. doi:10.1111/1365-2435.13325. S2CID&nbsp;164450031. Retrieved 26 September 2021.</ref> == Ibyo wamenya kubutaka == Imiterere yubutaka iterwa byibura nibintu bitanu bya kera bifitanye isano nihindagurika ryubutaka. Nibo: ibikoresho byababyeyi, ikirere, imiterere yubutaka (ubutabazi), ibinyabuzima, nigihe. <ref name="Jenny1941">Jenny, Hans (1941). ''Factors of soil formation: a system of qunatitative pedology'' (PDF). New York: McGraw-Hill. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2021.</ref> Iyo byerekeranye nikirere, ibinyabuzima, ubutabazi, ibikoresho byababyeyi, nigihe, bigize incamake CLORPT. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://art1lib.org/book/9534051/1972b7 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-19 |archive-date=2022-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020125200/https://art1lib.org/book/9534051/1972b7 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubutaka busanzwe bwababyeyi ibikoresho byamabuye y'agaciro ni : * [[:en:Quartz|Quartz]] : SiO ₂ * [[:en:Calcite|Calcite]] : CaCO ₃ * Feldspar : KAlSi ₃ O ₈ * Mika (biotite): K(Mg,Fe)<nowiki></br></nowiki> K(Mg,Fe) (AlSi<nowiki></br></nowiki> K(Mg,Fe) O.<nowiki></br></nowiki> K(Mg,Fe) ) (F, OH)<nowiki></br></nowiki> K(Mg,Fe) [[Dosiye:Surface water cycle.svg|thumb|225x225px|Igishushanyo gisobanura evapotranspiration.]] == Inagruka zIkirere kubutaka == Imihindagurikire y’ibihe bigira ingaruka ku miterere yubutaka [[Imvura|ni imvura]] igwa neza (ni ukuvuga imvura igabanutse ukuyemo evapotranspiration ) hamwe nubushyuhe, byombi bigira ingaruka ku bipimo byimikorere yimiti, umubiri, nibinyabuzima. <ref>https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s003740050424.pdf</ref> Ubushyuhe n'ubushuhe byombi bigira ingaruka ku binyabuzima byubutaka binyuze mu ngaruka zabyo ku buringanire hagati y’umusaruro w’ibanze no kubora : ikirere gikonje cyangwa cyumye ikirere karubone nkeya yo mu kirere iba nkibintu kama mu gihe ibinyabuzima bito byangirika. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233379719</ref> Ikirere nicyo kintu cyiganje mu miterere yubutaka, kandi ubutaka bwerekana ibimenyetso biranga uturere tw’ibihe barimo, hamwe n’ibitekerezo ku bijyanye n’ikirere binyuze mu kohereza karubone ibitse mu butaka busubira mu kirere. <ref name="Davidson">https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnature04514</ref> Niba ubushyuhe bushyushye hamwe namazi menshi biboneka mumwirondoro icyarimwe, inzira yikirere, kumera, no gukura kwibihingwa bizagerwaho cyane. Ukurikije uko ikirere cyifashe mu kirere, ikirere gishyuha gikura ku biti. Ibinyuranyo, ibyatsi nibyo byiganjemo ibimera kavukire mu turere twa subhumid na semiarid, mugihe ibihuru hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubwoko butandukanye byiganje ahantu humye. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8200458</ref> === References === ri0njcad0mvde9pmmx21xo8z4hgq67g 0 13841 139456 122990 2026-09-23T09:47:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139456 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bioversity International''' n’umuryango w’ubushakashatsi ku iterambere ry’isi yose utanga ibimenyetso bya siyansi, imikorere y’imicungire n’amahitamo ya politiki yo gukoresha no kurinda [[:en:Agricultural_biodiversity|urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu buhinzi]] kugira ngo ugere ku [[:en:Food_security|biribwa]] ku isi no kwihaza mu mirire, ukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa mu bihugu bikennye cyane mu turere dutandukanye aho urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima rushobora kubaho Kugira uruhare mu kuzamura imirire, guhangana, kongera umusaruro no [[:en:Climate_change_adaptation|kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere]]. Bioversity International ni umunyamuryango wa [[:en:CGIAR|CGIAR]], ubufatanye ku bushakashatsi ku isi mu gihe kizaza cyangiza ibiribwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bioversity International |url=https://www.cgiar.org/research/center/bioversity-international/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621142823/https://www.cgiar.org/research/center/bioversity-international/ |archive-date=2019-06-21 |access-date=2020-02-06 |website=CGIAR |language=en-US}}</ref> Uyu muryango wegerejwe abaturage cyane, ufite abakozi bagera kuri 300 bakorera ku isi. <ref>[http://www.bioversityinternational.org/about-us/where-we-work/ Where Bioversity International works]</ref> Icyicaro cyayo kiri mu karere ka Roma [[:en:Maccarese|ka Maccarese]], mu Butaliyani, gifite ibiro byo mu karere biherereye muri Amerika yo Hagati n'iy'epfo, Afurika y'Iburengerazuba na Hagati, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo, Aziya yo Hagati n'Amajyepfo, na Aziya y'Amajyepfo-Uburasirazuba. Muri 2019, Bioversity International yifatanije n’ikigo [[:en:International_Center_for_Tropical_Agriculture|mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubuhinzi bw’ubushyuhe]] (nka Alliance ya Bioversity International na CIAT) kugira ngo "batange ibisubizo bishingiye ku bushakashatsi bifasha ibinyabuzima bitandukanye by’ubuhinzi kandi bihindura uburyo bw’ibiribwa kugira ngo imibereho yabo irusheho kuba myiza". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT |url=https://ciat.cgiar.org/alliance/ |access-date=2020-02-06 |website=www.bioversityinternational.org |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221001015528/https://ciat.cgiar.org/alliance/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Bioversity International n’umuryango w’ubushakashatsi bugamije iterambere wibanda ku kurinda no gukoresha urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima mu buhinzi kugira ngo rufashe guhangana n’ibibazo nko kurwanya [[:en:Climate_change|imihindagurikire y’ikirere]] no kongera [[:en:Sustainable_production|umusaruro urambye]]. <ref>[http://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/bioversity-internationals-10-year-strategy-2014-2024 Bioversity International 10-year Strategy 2014-2024]</ref> Ishirahamwe rirafata ingingo yuko ibimera ninyamanswa bitandukanye bitanga amahirwe atari mubworozi gusa ariko no gutanga izindi nyungu nyinshi. Bimwe birasobanutse, nkimirire myiza nuburambe burambye buzanwa nibihingwa byahujwe. Abandi ni indirecte, nka serivisi yibidukikije itangwa nabantu bafite ubuzima bwiza bwangiza, imiti igenzura ibinyabuzima, na mikorobe yubutaka. Ibinyabuzima binyuranye by’ubuhinzi nabyo bizaba ngombwa rwose kugira ngo duhangane n’ingaruka ziteganijwe z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, atari isoko y’imico gusa ahubwo ni ishingiro ry’ibinyabuzima byangiza ibidukikije. <ref>[http://www.bioversityinternational.org/e-library/publications/detail/agricultural-biodiversity-is-essential-for-a-sustainable-improvement-in-food-and-nutrition-security Frison, E.A.; Cherfas, J.; Hodgkin, T. Agricultural Biodiversity Is Essential for a Sustainable Improvement in Food and Nutrition Security. Sustainability 2011, 3, 238-253.]</ref> == Imiyoborere == Bioversity International iyobowe ninama yubuyobozi, harimo umwe mubashinzwe watowe nigihugu cyakiriye (Ubutaliyani) nundi watowe na [[:en:FAO|FAO]]. Inama y'Ubutegetsi ishyiraho kandi Umuyobozi Mukuru uyobora imikorere ya gahunda zitandukanye. Umuyobozi mukuru uriho ubu ni Juan Lucas Restrepo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Director General for Bioversity International and Alliance CEO announced |url=https://www.cgiar.org/news-events/news/new-director-general-bioversity-international-alliance-ceo-announced/ |access-date=2020-02-06 |website=CGIAR |language=en-US}}</ref> === References === 1gwholrcrzvym28znoyz54g7wbn97lh 0 13886 139044 126248 2026-09-23T00:28:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139044 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Conservation International''' ('''CI''') ni [[:en:Nonprofit|umuryango]] w’abanyamerika [[:en:Crystal_City,_Arlington,_Virginia|udaharanira inyungu]] ufite icyicaro gikuru mu [http://www.conservation.org/about mujyi wa Crystal, Arlington, muri Virijiniya] . <ref name="aboutus">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.conservation.org/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010330/https://www.conservation.org/about |archive-date=2019-08-06 |access-date=2021-08-24 |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> Ibikorwa bya CI byibanda kuri siyansi, politiki n’ubufatanye n’ubucuruzi, guverinoma n’abaturage. Uyu muryango ukoresha abantu bagera ku 1.000 kandi ukorana n’abafatanyabikorwa barenga 2000 mu bihugu 29. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CI's Global Mission |url=http://gotham-magazine.com/conservation-internationals-global-mission |access-date=2015-10-19 |publisher=Gotham Magazine}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Annual Report |url=https://www.conservation.org/about/annual-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010330/https://www.conservation.org/about/annual-report |archive-date=2019-08-06 |access-date=2021-08-24 |website= |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> CI yafashije gutera inkunga ahantu 1200 harinzwe no gutabara mu bihugu 77, irinda kilometero kare miliyoni 6 (kilometero kare miliyoni 2.3) zubutaka ninyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.conservation.org/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010330/https://www.conservation.org/about |archive-date=2019-08-06 |access-date=2021-08-24 |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> == Amateka == Kubungabunga International yashinzwe mu 1987 hagamijwe kurengera ibidukikije ku nyungu z’abantu. <ref>http://www.huffingtonpost.com/peter-seligmann/disconnection-from-nature_b_1435769.html</ref> Mu 1989, CI yiyemeje kurinda [[:en:Biodiversity_hotspots|ahantu h’ibinyabuzima bitandukanye]], amaherezo igaragaza ahantu 36 h’ahantu hose ku isi kandi ikagira uruhare mu kubarinda. Icyitegererezo cyo kurinda ahantu hashyushye cyabaye inzira yingenzi yimiryango ikora imirimo yo kubungabunga ibidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Roach, John |title=Conservationists Name Nine New "Biodiversity Hotspots" |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0202_050202_hotspots.html |access-date=2012-02-03 |publisher=National Geographic |archive-date=2005-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050406005733/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/02/0202_050202_hotspots.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2017, Peter Seligmann yeguye ku mirimo ye nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa CI maze hatangazwa itsinda rishya rigizwe n'ubuyobozi bukuru bwa CI. Umuhanga mu kubungabunga ibidukikije M. Sanjayan yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru. Sebastian Troeng ni visi perezida mukuru w’ubufatanye mu kubungabunga ibidukikije, naho Daniela Raik ni visi perezida mukuru wa gahunda z’imirima. Peter Seligmann akomeza kuba umuyobozi w'inama y'ubutegetsi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Senior Staff |url=http://www.conservation.org/senior-staff |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-24 |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> == Gukura no guhindura ubutumwa == Ubuyobozi bw'uyu muryango bwakuze bwizera ko CI yibanze ku kubungabunga urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bidahagije mu kurengera ibidukikije n'abayishingiye. CI yavuguruye inshingano zayo muri 2008 kugirango yibande ku isano iri hagati yimibereho myiza yabantu nibidukikije. Kuva icyo gihe, uyu muryango waguye ibikorwa byawo wibanda cyane ku kubungabunga inyanja; ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi; amafaranga yo kubungabunga ibidukikije; n'ubufatanye na guverinoma, ibigo hamwe n'Abasangwabutaka ndetse n'abaturage. <ref name="ecowatch">{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=https://www.conservation.org/about |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010330/https://www.conservation.org/about |archive-date=2019-08-06 |access-date=2021-08-24 |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> Muri FY2020, CI yakoresheje yose hamwe arenga miliyoni 154 US $. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2020 Annual Report |url=https://www.conservation.org/about/annual-report |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806010330/https://www.conservation.org/about/annual-report |archive-date=2019-08-06 |access-date=2021-08-24 |publisher=Conservation International}}</ref> CI yakira amanota menshi mumiryango ishinzwe gukurikirana ibikorwa by'abagiraneza, hamwe na A yatanzwe na Charity Watch. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservation International |url=https://www.charitywatch.org/ratings-and-metrics/conservation-international-foundation/246 |access-date=2015-09-12 |publisher=Charity Watch}}</ref> Umugiraneza Navigator yahaye CI amanota 100% yo kubazwa no gukorera mu mucyo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservation International |url=http://www.charitynavigator.org/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3562#.VvAPMRg7Tsx |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804080018/http://www.charitynavigator.org:80/index.cfm?bay=search.summary&orgid=3562 |archive-date=2007-08-04 |access-date=2021-08-24 |publisher=Charity Navigator}}</ref> == Uburyo bwo kubungabunga == Urufatiro rw'imirimo ya CI ni "siyanse, ubufatanye no kwerekana imirima." Uyu muryango ufite abahanga, abashinzwe politiki n’abandi bashinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije mu bihugu bigera kuri 30. Yishingikirije cyane kubihumbi nabafatanyabikorwa baho. <ref name="2014annualreport">{{Cite web |title=Conservation International Annual Report 2014 |url=http://www.conservation.org/publications/documents/CI_FY14_AnnualReport.pdf |access-date=2016-03-21 |publisher=Conservation International |archive-date=2016-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006014252/http://www.conservation.org/publications/documents/CI_FY14_AnnualReport.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> CI yibanze ku bintu bine byihutirwa: kurengera ibidukikije by’ikirere; kubungabunga inyanja ku gipimo; guteza imbere ubukungu bushingiye ku bidukikije; no guhanga udushya muri siyansi n’imari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Conservation International |url=https://www.conservation.org/about |access-date=2020-02-04 |website=www.conservation.org |language=en}}</ref> CI ikorana na guverinoma, kaminuza, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo hagamijwe kwigana ibyo yagezeho ku rugero runini. Mu kwerekana uburyo kubungabunga ibidukikije bishobora gukora ku munzani zose, CI igamije gutuma kurengera ibidukikije byitaweho cyane mu byemezo by’iterambere ry’ubukungu ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Conservation International: Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation |url=http://www.moore.org/ci.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104135347/http://www.moore.org/ci.aspx |archive-date=2012-01-04 |access-date=2012-02-03 |publisher=Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation}}</ref> Kurugero, binyuze mubufatanye bwayo na guverinoma n’abaturage bo ku nkombe, CI yafashije mu kurinda kilometero kare miliyoni 5 (kilometero kare miliyoni 13) z’inyanja y’inyanja ari nako inoza imicungire y’uburobyi burambye no kugarura mangrove, bigabanya ingaruka z’ikirere. impinduka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Doubling Ocean Protection |url=https://www.conservation.org/priorities/doubling-ocean-protection |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=www.conservation.org}}</ref> Blue Nature Alliance, gahunda yisi yose yatangijwe na CI nabafatanyabikorwa muri 2020, igamije kurinda izindi kilometero kare miliyoni 18 (kilometero kare 7) zubuso bwinyanja. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Blue Nature Alliance |url=https://www.conservation.org/projects/blue-nature-alliance |access-date=2021-08-24 |website=www.conservation.org}}</ref> === References === m9jzmhszaum8q1ogx1k8n5yn6g98db3 0 13927 139446 111989 2026-09-23T09:45:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139446 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Red Sea Sunrise BWP.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Red Sea coast.jpg|thumb]] '''Umwuzure w'umugeI utukura mu mwaka wa 1826''' wari umwuzure uteye ubwoba wabereye ku ruzi rutukura muri Manitoba. Umwuzure niwo munini wibasiye agace ka Winnipeg (kugera ku mpinga ya 40% hejuru y’umwuzure w’Umugezi rutukura rwo mu mwaka1997 ), kandi wariyongereye kubera umuyaga mwinshi hamwe n’urubura. Umwuzure watumye isaranganya ry’abaturage mu kibaya cy’Umugezi utukura, rigira ingaruka ku ishyirwaho rya gari ya moshi ya Kanada ya Pasifika, kandi ryagize uruhare runini mu igenamigambi ry’ibiza bizaza muri iyo ntara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rannie |first=WF |title=Some observations on peak stages during the 1826 Red River flood and the 'Fleming Conundrum' |url=http://pcag.uwinnipeg.ca/Prairie-Perspectives/PP-Vol06/Rannie.pdf |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531192229/http://pcag.uwinnipeg.ca/Prairie-Perspectives/PP-Vol06/Rannie.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>John Pritchard; George Bryce (ed.), "Third Letter; Flood of 1826," Glimpses of the Past in the Red River Settlement: From letters of Mr. John Pritchard, 1805-1836 (Middle Church, Man.: Rupert's Land Indian Industrial School Press, 1892), pgs. 18-20. Accessed 8 October 2017 http://peel.library.ualberta.ca/bibliography/197/24.html</ref> == Reba kandi == * Umwuzure w'umugezi utukura mu wa 1950 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} it39o8hls3e1z4x6cdj5w7d3pv16uiw 0 13934 139118 137898 2026-09-23T02:37:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139118 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Linden trees and the sky in Planina, Postojna, Slovenia.jpg|thumb|Ikirere cyiganjemo ibicu|143x143px]] [[Dosiye:Ikirere n'indimo.jpg|thumb|ikirere gikeye|178x178px]] U [[Rwanda]] rubangamiwe n‘impanuka karemano zikomoka ku mihindagurikire y’ikirere cyangwa y’ibintu byo mu nda y’[[isi]]. - Zimwe muri izo mpanuka ni : izuba rikabije, imvura y’amahindu, imyuzure, inkangu, imitingito, kuruka kw’ibirunga n’ibyorezo. Mu myaka 10 ishize, izi mpanuka zabaye mu by’ukuri mu gihugu cyose. Izi mpanuka zirushaho kugira ubukana bitewe n’imihingire mibi, itemwa ry’amashyamba no kwangiza ibidukikije ari byo bimwe muri ibyo. Ibihe by’izuba nibyo akenshi bitera amapfa, ibura ry’ibiribwa, igabanuka ry’aamoko y’[[inyamaswa]] n’ay’ibimera, iyimuka ry’abaturage bashaakisha ibyo kurya n’inzuri. [[Dosiye:Christchurch quake 3.jpg|thumb|Ingaruka z'umutingito|147x147px]] == Imitingito y’isi == U Rwanda ruherereye mu karere kaberamo imitingito y’isi ifite inkomoko yayo mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]]. Agace k’amajyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bw’igihugu kagizwe n’uruhererekane rw’ibirunga gakunze kuberamo imitingito. Ibi bituma u Rwanda rukunze kuberamo imitingito y’isi, by’umwihariko Akarere k’uburengerazuba. Mu minsi ya vuba aha koko, imitingito 2 iifite ubukana bwa 6,1 na 5,0 mu mibare ya Richter kimwe n’intandaro zayo yabaye ku itariki ya 3 n’iya 14 Gashyantare 2008, umwe ku wundi. Inkomoko y’iyo mitingito y’isi yari iherereye hafi y’umujyi wa Bukavu mu nkengero z’ikiyaga cya Kivu, muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref name=":0">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-36050066</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-48892567</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/imitingito-5-ikomeye-yabayeho-kw-isi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220120712/https://yegob.rw/imitingito-5-ikomeye-yabayeho-kw-isi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/105965/imitingito-10-yabayeho-mu-mateka-yisi-yangije-byinshi-igasiga-impfu-zabantu-barenga-miliyo-105965.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Mahameru-volcano.jpeg|thumb|Ikirunga|171x171px]] == Kuruka kw’ibirunga == Uruhererekane rw’ibirunga mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba, harimo na Nyiragongo iri muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, gihora k’itezwe guteza ibibazo kubera y’uko gikunze kuruka. Uko kuruka kw’ibirunga kubangamiye abatuye mu turere twa [[Goma]] na Gisenyi, aha mbere ari ho muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ahandi ari mu Rwanda. Iruka rya vuba ryabaye muri Kanama 2005 ryateje iyangirika ry’ibikorwa remezo mu mujyi wa Goma muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ku mupaka w’umujyi wa Gisenyi mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Karere ka Rubavu]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://menya.co.rw/sobanukirwa-igitera-ikirunga-kuruka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522113414/https://menya.co.rw/sobanukirwa-igitera-ikirunga-kuruka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuzima/ubuvuzi/article/kuruka-kw-ibirunga-n-imitingito-bizagira-uruhare-mu-gutandukanya-congo-n-u-rwanda-impuguke</ref><ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/abahanga-iruka-ry-ikirunga-cya-nyiragongo-rishobora-guhumanya-ikirere/5906799.html</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=19y_5xboLgM</ref> == Umuti == Guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere: U [[Rwanda]] rwasanze hari ibintu 6 byihutirwa mu guhangana n’Imihindagurikire y’ikirere: * Gucunga neza Umutungo kandi; uburyo Bukomatanyije (IWRM); * Gushyiraho uburyo bwo gutanga amakuru kugira ngo inzego zishinzwe amazi n’izishinzwe ubumenyi bw’ikirere n’ubuhinzi zigire icyo zimenya hakiri kare no gushyiraho inamba zo gutabara bidatinze; * Guteza imbere ibikorwa byo mu rwego rw’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi bisuganyije; * Guteza imber ibikorwa bitari iby’ubuhinzi bibyara inyungu; * Kuzana amoko ahangana n’ibihe bikabije;<ref name=":1" /> * Gutunganya amasoko y’ingufu asimbura inkwi zo gucana.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] m11bezqcpm8fcdijucplaemaebhuvq0 0 13952 139405 132292 2026-09-23T09:40:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139405 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umwuzure wa Pentekote mu mwaka wa 1999''' wari umwuzure w'imyaka 100 hafi yigihe cya pentekote mu mwaka wa 1999 wibasiye cyane Bavariya, Vorarlberg na Tirol. Byatewe n'imvura nyinshi <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 1999 |title=World: Europe Two die in Bavarian floods |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/350209.stm |access-date=27 September 2014 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> ihura n'amazi asanzwe ya Alpine. Mu mpera za Gicurasi, amazi y’amasoko ya buri mwaka ava mu misozi ya Alpes bivuze ko inzuzi nyinshi za Bavariya zari zimaze kuba ku rwego rwo hejuru. Ku ya 22 Gicurasi imvura y'amahindu "Quartus" yibasiye amajyaruguru ya Alpes, izana litiro 180 / m ², bituma imigezi ya Ammersee na Amper na Isar yaguka kandi yuzura ahantu hanini. Uturere twuzuyemo umwuzure twagutse vuba bikwira ibice bya Oberallgäu ku ruzi rwa Iller. Umwuzure wahise ukomeza kumanuka kugera mu turere dutuwe cyane muri Bavariya. Urwego rw'amazi rwa Isar runyura i Munich, rwamanuwe n'ikigega cya Sylvensteinspeicher hafi ya Bad Tölz. Nyamara inzira nyabagendwa kuri Iller zarananiranye, zuzura Sonthofen, ibice bya Augsburg na Neustadt. Muri Hindelang - Hinterstein umwuzure wageze ku mpinga itanditswe mu myaka 250 ishize. Amazi maremare ya Alpine yakurikiyeho ku ya 23-24 Kanama 2005 yongeye kwangiza utwo turere. Mu gace ka Vorarlberg umwuzure wa Rhine wibasiye ikiyaga cya Constance cyangiza Hard na Bregenz. I Tirol umudugudu Pflach muri Lechtal wuzuye amazi. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Commonscat|Pfingsthochwasser 1999}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050321223441/http://www.bayern.de/wwa-fs/datenufakten/Wasserpegel/Hochwasser99/hochwasser99.htm Wasserwirtschaftsamt Freising: Pfingsthochwasser an der Amper Mai 1999] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509064053/http://www.keh.net/hw/ Kelheim: Pfingsthochwasser in Kelheim und Neustadt im Mai 1999] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070807102714/http://www.hnd.bayern.de/ereignisse/hw210599/ Hochwassernachrichtendienst Bayern: Pfingsthochwasser 1999 – ein Jahrhundertereignis an Iller, Ammer und Donau] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120218203236/http://www.bn-ulm.de/lokales/hochwasser/index.htm Jahrhunderthochwasser in Ulm] 1makwqeusprix1epolhxgx6t3f6jyu8 0 13965 139079 107613 2026-09-23T02:29:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139079 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amahame ya Carbone''' ni uruhererekane rw'amabwiriza yashyizweho n'amabanki atatu akomeye ya Wall Street - Citigroup Inc, JP Morgan Chase, na Morgan Stanley - kugira ngo basuzume ingaruka zaterwa no gutera inkunga imishinga y'amashanyarazi mu bijyanye n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere. Aya mahame ahamagarira "kongera ingufu" mugusuzuma abahawe inguzanyo zinganda zamashanyarazi mubijyanye no gukoresha ingufu neza; kongererwa ingufu na karubone nkeya ikwirakwiza ingufu z'ikoranabuhanga; n'ikoranabuhanga risanzwe kandi riteye imbere. Aya mabwiriza yatangajwe muri Gashyantare 2008 kugira ngo agaragaze impungenge rusange' ku bihingwa kugirango haremwe inganda zirenga ijana za mashanyarazi muri Amerika. Amahame y’ikirere ni agamije gufasha ibikorwa by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu rwego rw’imari. Uru ni urwego rwuzuye rw' inganda rwaje hagamijwe guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere kandi rwemejwe na Crédit Agricole, Munich Re, Standard Chartered, Busuwisi Re na HSBC. Amahame ya Carbone ni ubujyanama buteye imbere hamwe na urwego rw' abanyamerica rukora [[Dosiye:Pure_Carbon.png|thumb|Pure Carbon]] amashanyarazi. [[Dosiye:6_carbon_(C)_Bohr_model.png|thumb|Carbon Formula ]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} * [http://www.eere.energy.gov/news/enn.cfm#energy http://www.eere.energy.gov/amakuru/enn.cfm#energy] * [https://www.banktrack.org/download/the_principle_matter_banks_climate_and_the_carbon_principles/ran_the_principle_matter_carbonprinciplereport.pdf https://www.banktrack.org/kurupapuro/kuri] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * https://web.archive.org/web/20081208200229/http://www.theclimategroup.org/about/corporate_leadership/climate_principles kcfu5j6x0745ao56gaxak79mx6sghli 0 13967 139294 138445 2026-09-23T07:42:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139294 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Spruce forest at Holma.jpg|thumb|Amashyamba|158x158px]] [[Dosiye:Butare - Flickr - Dave Proffer (1).jpg|thumb|ishyamba i butare|158x158px]] == Intangiriro == Mu nama yabereye muri [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]]  yateguwe n’umushinga w’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’umutungo kamere  (MRV)  igamije kurebera hamwe ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ibyemezo byo guteza imbere [[Amashyamba yabaturage|amashyamba]],  u [[Rwanda]] washimiwe uruhare mu kungabunga amashyamba.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/huye-u-rwanda-rwashimiwe-uruhare-mu-kurengera-amashyamba.hmtl?nocache=1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-20 |archive-date=2023-02-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230220201300/https://ar.umuseke.rw/huye-u-rwanda-rwashimiwe-uruhare-mu-kurengera-amashyamba.hmtl?nocache=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/U-Rwanda-rwesheje-umuhigo-wo-guterama-amashyamba-ku-buso-bungana-na-30</ref><ref name=":4">https://www.isangostar.rw/ibikorwa-byubwubatsi-bukoresha-ibiti-biteze-bibangamiye-amashyamba</ref> == Intego == [[Dosiye:Ibisi bya Huye.jpg|thumb|Ibisi bya Huye ( Akarere ka Huye )|174x174px]] [[Dosiye:Ishyamba rya Green Gicumbi.jpg|left|thumb|144x144px|urubyiruko rwiga kubungabunga amashyamba]] Iyi nama yabaye kuva taliki ya 06-07, Gashyantare, 2014 mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] igamije kugaragaza ingamba u [[Rwanda]] rwafashe mu kurengera [[ibidukikije]] ndetse n’inyungu  rwavana mu kubungabunga amashyamba yarwo. Bashingiye ku masezerano Umuryango w’abibumbye washyizeho yo kubungabunga amashyamba, ibihugu icumi by’[[Afurika|Afrika]] n’u [[Rwanda]] rurimo bikayashyiraho umukono, ngo aya masezerano agamije kureba uruhare rwa buri gihugu mu gushyira mu bikorwa izi ngamba.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">https://mobile.igihe.com/ibidukikije/article/uko-imbaraga-zatumye-amashyamba-yangijwe-imyaka-amagana-asubiranywa-mu-myaka-10</ref> [[Dosiye:Air pollution amid blue skies, the day after reopening from lockdown near Mumbai.jpg|thumb|Kubungabunga ikirere|165x165px]] == Ikirere == umukozi w’umushinga wita ku kubungabunga amashyamba MRV mu kigo cy’igihugu cy’umutungo kamere, uvuga ko  mu bihugu 10 by’[[Afurika|Afrika]] biri muri COMIFAC(Commission for the Forests of Central Africa) bitanu muri byo ari byo bitaratangiza iyi gahunda yo kugabanya imyuka byohereza mu kirere. Ibikorwa bikorwa muri uru rwego nibyo  umuryango w’abibumbye uheraho ugenera amafaranga ibi bihugu. uvuga ko, U Rwanda wagize ati “Ntabwo u Rwanda ruri inyuma mu kubungabunga amashyamba.  Umuryango w’abibumbye (Nations Unies) urashima intambwe tugezeho yo kubungabunga no gufata neza amashyamba yacu gusa hari ibyo tutari twanoza kugira ngo tugabanye imyuka twohereza mu kirere akandi ibi nibyo  dushaka gushyira mo ingufu.”<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3">https://umuseke.rw/huye-abiga-ibyamashyamba-muri-kaminuza-barangiza-bafite-ubumenyi-buke.html?fbclid=IwAR1IfvUJcCcjft2bQChs4EukeWYvWHJr3fkEFlseI72ZDa38lew-Ql8Kv24</ref><ref name=":4" /> == ubuhumbikiro bw’ibiti == [[Dosiye:Rwandan Amazing forest.jpg|thumb|152x152px|Ishyamba rya huye]] impuguke muri uyu muryango w'abibubye uhuriweho n’ibihugu 10 by’[[Afurika|Afrika]] yavuze ko kubungabunga amashyamba bifuza ku bihagurukirwa n’inzego zitandukanye z’igihugu kugira ngo hatagira usigara inyuma muri iyi gahunda. Ibi bigamije  kwerekana inyungu u [[Rwanda]] n’abaturage barwo bazakura muri iyi gahunda baramutse babungabunze amashyamba. Niyibeshaho Ananie umukozi w’Akarere ka Nyamasheke ushinzwe iterambere, yavuze ko batangiye kwigisha abaturage mu birebana n’iyi gahunda ku buryo buri kagari kose gafite ubuhumbikiro bw’ibiti (Pépinirere) kandi ko bari gukora ibishoboka byose ngo bongere ubuso buterwamo amashyamba.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":3" /><ref name=":4" /> [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba|160x160px]] == Amashyamba == Aya masezerano y’Umuryango w’abibumbye yerekeranye no kubungabunga amashyamba avuga ko ishyamba rifite ubuso bungana na hegitari 0,5 cyangwa se  rifite ubuso bungana na hegitari  1,0 ari ryo baheraho bahemba abariteye  kubera ko riba ryagabanyije ubukana by’ ibyuka byoherezwa mu kirere.Muri iyi nama izi nzobere n’abakozi bafite aho bahurira no kubungabunga amashyamba bakazarebera hamwe ingamba zafatwa kugira ngo amashyamba arusheho kubungabungwa no kwirinda ko yangizwa akanasarurwa mu buryo bwa kajagari. Ibihugu 10 by’[[Afurika|Afrika]] biri muri COMIFAC ni '''Republika Iharanira Demokrasi ya Kongo, Kongo-Brazzaville, Burundi, Republika ya Central afrika, Guinée Equatoriale, Caméroun, Sao Tome na Principe, Tchad, n’u Rwanda'''.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] b8w6z3g8n3oonlzkteclduao354bmgc 0 13978 139384 90999 2026-09-23T09:10:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139384 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umwuzure wo mu Misiri mu mwaka wa 2016''' wari ibiza kamere byibasiye guverineri ya Assuit, Inyanja Itukura, Sohag, Sinayi y'Amajyepfo na Qena mu mpera z'Ukwakira no mu ntangiriro z'Ugushyingo. Abantu 26 barapfuye abandi 72 barakomereka. == Reba kandi == * Ubumenyi bwa Misiri * Inyanja Itukura == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * http://reliefweb.int/disaster/fl-2016-000114-egy * [http://floodlist.com/africa/egypt-deadly-flash-floods-hit-sohag-red-sea http:] * [http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2016/10/30/At-least-22-killed-in-Egypt-floods.html] 8lruczj5omqy3ntg6zte4jfx6buao9v 0 13986 139360 109933 2026-09-23T09:07:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139360 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flooded building and tree trunk in the muddy water of the Mekong in Si Phan Don, Laos, September 2019.jpg|thumb]] Kuva muri Nyakanga kugeza Ugushyingo 2018, [[Sudani]] yahuye n’umwuzure mwinshi kubera imvura ikabije. Leta zibasiwe cyane ni Kassala, Kordofan y'Iburengerazuba, na Khartoum. Kugeza ku ya 16 Kanama, byibuze abantu 23 barapfuye abandi barenga 60 barakomereka. Kugeza ku ya 5 Ugushyingo, amazu arenga 19,640 yari amaze gusenywa, kandi abantu bagera 222,275 ni bo bibasiwe. <ref name="ocha" /> == Reba kandi == * [[Dosiye:Chachorni Floods 2022.jpg|thumb]]Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa 2007 * Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa 2013 * Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa 2020 * Umwuzure wa Sudani mu wa <a href="./2020_Umwuzure_wa_Sudani" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="22" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2020 Sudan floods&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;thumbnail&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;source&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Map_of_Sudan_%28New%29.jpg/80px-Map_of_Sudan_%28New%29.jpg&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;width&amp;quot;:80,&amp;quot;height&amp;quot;:72},&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Floods within Sudan caused by rainfall&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q98929935&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mt&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwFw" title="2020 Umwuzure wa Sudani">2022</a> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} po2hw0hjufear2ptmtaahc2q7ppqzsq 0 13999 139253 137318 2026-09-23T07:31:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Department of Children Head Office Ghana.jpg|thumb|Akarere ka Nyamasheke|147x147px]] [[Dosiye:Annemasse A23.jpg|left|thumb|137x137px|mu muhanda]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:An aerial of the Kivu belt Road in the Western Province of Rwanda on June 17, 2019. Emmanuel Kwizera.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ifatiwe mu kirere igaragaza umuhanda wo kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru.|161x161px]] Aha ni ku birometero bibiri gusa ukiva mu isantere  ya Mugonero mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Karere ka Nyamasheke]], hakaba  ku muhanda Rusizi-Karongi ukimara neza neza kurenga Akarere ka  Nyamasheke  utangiye kwinjira mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]].<ref name=":0">https://www.teradignews.rw/inkomoko-yahantu-hitwa-kuri-dawe-uri-mwijuru-ahantu-batumye-benshi-baba-abakirisitu/</ref> == amakorosi == Ukigera aha uhita usanganirwa n’amakorosi ateye ubwoba harimo niri ryiswe kuri “Dawe uri mu ijuru”, ikorosi ryitiriwe isengesho rikoreshwa na benshi mu madini atandukanye ku Isi.<ref name=":0" /> == Uko byaje == Iyo twajyaga kugera aha hantu twabanzaga gusenga ngo tuharenge ku buryo bamwe mu banyabwoba  babanzaga kuva mu modoka  kugira ngo badahirima ndetse abasigaragamo babaga bahiye ubwoba basenga ngo dawe uri mu ijuru, dawe uri mu ijuru, twasubiraga inyuma inshuro ebyiri maze iya gatatu akaba aribwo tuhakata, kandi icyo gihe basi zari nkeya hakoraga iza Onatracom gusa, abantu babaga bahagaze abandi bicaye. Iryo sengesho ryazanwe niryo korosi ubundi ntabwo iryo zina ryagombaga kuza ni uko babaga basenga ngo baharenge amahoro kandi iyo basengaga babaga bagaruka kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru.<ref name=":0" />[[Dosiye:Road from bugesera to kicukiro under construction.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Dawe uri mu ijuru|152x152px]] == Umuhanda == Abanyuraga muri uyu muhanda nta kabuza batekerezaga ko bashobora kuhasiga ubuzima mu gihe hatabaye impuhwe z’Imana. Kugeza ubu haratunganyijwe  umuhanda ugurwa ndetse banashyiramo kaburimbo.Uyu muhanda yari umuhanda w’itaka iyo umushoferi yarangaraga gato yibukaga yageze mu manga, Abantu iyo bageraga aha hantu  baravugaga bati wa Mana we umfashe ndenge aha hantu.Gusa aha hantu ntabwo hacyitwa kuri Dawe uri mu ijuru kuko igihamya cy’impinduka ku miterere yaha hantu cyatumye iri zina rivaho ubu hahawe izina ryigisubizo ryitwa “Muri Yesu ashimwe.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] 1cfguvg46rfl57s0kp3scir11d3fz14 0 14045 139329 91493 2026-09-23T07:47:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139329 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Creiler woud.jpg|thumb|Itariki: 1170Aho iherereye: Creller wood]] '''Umwuzure w'abatagatifu bose bo mu 1170''' ( '''Allerheiligenvloed''' ) wari umwuzure uteye ubwoba mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] wabaye mu 1170. Ibice binini byo mu majyaruguru y’Ubuholandi, n’intara z’Ubuholandi byari byarengewe n,umwuzure. Umwuzure w’inyanja y'Amajyaruguru waremye ibirwa bya Wieringen na Texel. Ikiyaga cya Flevo cyahoze ari ikiyaga cy’amazi meza, ariko umuyoboro w'inyanja wafunguye umuyoboro uva mu nyanja y'Amajyaruguru ujya mu kiyaga unyuze muri Creil Woods, maze uhindura ikiyaga inyanja y’amazi y’umunyu uzwi ku izina rya Zuiderzee. Creiler woods cyazimiriye munsi yumuraba. Agace k'inyanja kariyongereye imbere mu Buholandi kandi ahantu hanini cyane haratera imbere, byatembanywe muburyo bworoshye. Umwuzure watumye gutura kwa Rotta (uwabanjirije Rotterdam ) bidashobora guturwa, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van der Kolk |first=Donna |date=3 October 2016 |title=5x Wat je niet wist over Rotterdamse geschiedenis |url=https://www.metronieuws.nl/in-het-nieuws/binnenland/2016/10/5x-wat-je-niet-wist-over-rotterdamse-geschiedenis/ |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=Metronieuws.nl |publisher=Metro Nieuws |language=nl}}</ref> kandi biranga intangiriro ya Amsterdam, aho ako gace kiyongereye aho gahurira n’inyanja, ndetse n’aho hubatswe urugomero muri Amstel kugira ngo urinde ubutaka imyuzure izaza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Soest |first=Arnoud |date=February 2018 |title=Amsterdam is in de storm geboren |url=https://onh.nl/verhaal/amsterdam-is-storm-geboren |access-date=5 January 2021 |website=ONH |language=nl}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Umwuzure mu Buholandi == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181209030333/http://www.livius.org/opinion/opinion0008.html Gutsindwa gukomeye kwa Roma, Isubiramo -Umwuzure w'Abatagatifu bose mu wa 1170] . Dosiye yagaruwe ku ya 11 Werurwe 2007. * Buisman, Jan, ''Duizend jaar weer, umuyaga en water muri de Lage Landen (Deel 1: tot 1300)'',  g9uhcw4lcs6j0r896dmqfdihkpft6p1 0 14066 139055 123015 2026-09-23T02:03:20Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139055 wikitext text/x-wiki Muri '''Kamena 2007 umwuzure wa Texas''' wabaye nyuma y’imvura nyinshi yibasiye ikibaya cy’amajyepfo ya [[Amerika]]. Ubushuhe buva mu kigobe cya Mexico bwatembaga mu majyaruguru bukora sisitemu yo kugenda-buhoro imbere. Hafi ya milimetero 200 (santimetero 8) z'imvura yaguye mu majyaruguru ya [[Texas]], havugwa ko hapfuye abantu 2 batewe n'umwuzure. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-06-28 |title=Flood-Ravaged Texas Gets More Rain After Storms Claim 11 Lives {{!}} Fox News |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/06/28/flood-ravaged-texas-gets-more-rain-after-storms-claim-11-lives.html |access-date=2016-04-26 |website=Fox News |language=en-US |archive-date=2016-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513020440/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/06/28/flood-ravaged-texas-gets-more-rain-after-storms-claim-11-lives.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-06-20 |title=Floods in Texas and Oklahoma : Natural Hazards |url=http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=18518 |access-date=2016-04-26 |website=earthobservatory.nasa.gov |language=en}}</ref> == Amateka k'Ubumenyi bw'ikirere == Hagati muri Kamena, ubushuhe bwaturutse mu kigobe cya [[Mexico]] bwatembye mu majyaruguru bituma habaho kugenda buhoro buhoro bitera imvura nyinshi mu majyepfo ya Amerika. Hafi ya milimetero 200 (santimetero 8) z'imvura yibasiye amajyaruguru ya Texas. Imvura yaguye kumugezi no mu biyaga byabyimbye ndetse nubutaka butose butera umwuzure mwinshi mu bice bya majyaruguru ya Texas. Isumo rya Marble, kamwe mu turere twibasiwe cyane, kakiriye santimetero 18 (460&nbsp;mm) y'imvura mugihe cy'amasaha atandatu. Amazi y’ikiyaga cya Marble n’ikiyaga cya Travis yari afite santimetero 19 z’imvura. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title= |url=http://hydromet.lcra.org/riverreport/Documents/2007_Flood_Report.pdf |access-date= |website= |publisher=}}</ref> == Ibyangiritse == Hapfuye impfu 2 ziterwa n’umwuzure kandi amazu agera kuri 300 yategetswe kwimuka. Ikigereranyo cy’ibyangijwe n’amafaranga yatwawe n’umuyaga arenga miliyoni 50. Hatanzwe imiburo 156 mu ukwezi kose, nkuko byari bigenwe.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-06-28 |title=Flood-Ravaged Texas Gets More Rain After Storms Claim 11 Lives {{!}} Fox News |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/06/28/flood-ravaged-texas-gets-more-rain-after-storms-claim-11-lives.html |access-date=2016-04-26 |website=Fox News |language=en-US |archive-date=2016-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513020440/http://www.foxnews.com/story/2007/06/28/flood-ravaged-texas-gets-more-rain-after-storms-claim-11-lives.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Umwuzure wa Texas - [[Oklahoma]] mu wa 2015 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist|2}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080819022858/http://www.kxan.com/Global/Link.asp?L=252150 Umwuzure W'impeshyi '07 Ifoto Yerekana - KXAN] * [http://home.kxan.com/weather/SummerFlood07OPhotoGallery2/SummerFlood07Album2/index.html Umwuzure W'impeshyi '07 Ifoto Yerekana 2 - KXAN] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070630144421/http://www.kvue.com/news/top/stories/062807kvuefloodthurs2-cb.231b6c9d.html Urwego rw'ikiyaga ruzamuka muri Texas yo hagati - KVUE] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928031601/http://keyetv.com/topstories/local_story_179171107.html Abatuye Isumo rya Marble Batangiye Isuku - URUKINGO] * [http://www.myfoxaustin.com/myfox/MyFox/pages/sidebar_gallery.jsp?contentId=3613333&version=1&locale=EN-US Ikirere Cyangiza Ifoto Yerekana - KTBC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080821104853/http://www.news8austin.com/content/top_stories/default.asp?ArID=187032 Ingabo zigihugu mu rugendo rwo guhangana n’umwuzure - Amakuru 8 Austin] * [http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/headline/metro/4926884.html Hagati ya Texas yuzuye imvura nyinshi - Houston Chronicle] * [http://www.nbcnews.com/id/19458181 Nta gutabarwa guteganijwe kuva Texas, Oklahoma imvura - MSNBC] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230221200643/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/F/FLOODING?SITE=CAANG&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT Imvura ikomeje kwibasira Texas yuzuye - Associated Press] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9g6zdKWZTx4&list=PL302861E557C686D3 Urutonde rwa Youtube - Kamena 2007 Umwuzure] * [http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/view.php?id=18518 Umwuzure muri Texas na Oklahoma - NASA Observatory] klfwbynk2ph9kf86g0lsd966qcjeyoi 0 14084 139499 120597 2026-09-23T09:58:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139499 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aug_29_2017_Mumbai_Floods.webm|thumb|Umwuzure muri Mumbai]] '''Umwuzure muri Mumbai mu mwaka wa 2017''' werekeza ku mwuzure wabaye ku ya 29 Kanama 2017, nyuma y'imvura nyinshi yo ku ya 29 Kanama 2017 i Mumbai. Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu ntiyabonekaga binyuze mu bice by'umujyi kuko gari ya moshi n'imihanda byari byafunzwe. Amashanyarazi yazimye mu bice bitandukanye by'umujyi kugirango birinde impanuka z'amashanyarazi. <ref>https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/mumbai-rains-misery-all-around-bmc-says-the-situation-is-exceptional/articleshow/60284534.cms</ref> Ihuriro mpuzamahanga ry’umuryango utabara imbabare Croix-Rouge n’umuryango utabara imbabare Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) ryise imyuzure yo muri [[Aziya]] yepfo imwe mu mpanuka zikomeye z’ubutabazi mu karere mu myaka yashize. <ref>{{Cite web |title=South Asia floods |url=https://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/what-we-do/disaster-and-crisis-management/south-asia-floods/ |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies |archive-date=31 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831232947/http://media.ifrc.org/ifrc/what-we-do/disaster-and-crisis-management/south-asia-floods/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iki gikorwa gishobora kugereranywa n’umwuzure wo mu 2005 wabereye i Mumbai, wanditsweho kubushobozi warufite aribwo 944&nbsp;mm (37.17 santimetero) y'imvura mu masaha 24 ku ya 26 Nyakanga. Imvura ikabije ku ya 29 Kanama 2017 yari yarahanuwe n’ishami ry’ubumenyi bw’ikirere (IMD), hasigaye iminsi itanu kuri itandatu. Icyakora, guverinoma yananiwe gutabara vuba, bituma haba ikibazo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Govt-failed-to-heed-IMD-rain-forecast-31082017017038 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-22 |archive-date=2018-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020100827/http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Govt-failed-to-heed-IMD-rain-forecast-31082017017038 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko imyuzure ishobora guterwa n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yatumye ihindagurika rikomeye ry’umuyaga w’imvura utwara amazi ava mu nyanja ya Arabiya, bituma imvura nyinshi igwa mu [[Ubuhinde]] bwo hagati, imara iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5626780/</ref> == Igihe ntarengwa == Mumbai yanditse ko haguye imvura ingana nka milimetero 468 mu masaha cumi n'abiri, akaba ari menshi mu munsi kuva muri Kanama 1997, nk'uko amakuru aturuka mu ishami ry’ubumenyi bw'ikirere mu Ubuhinde abitangaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mumbai rains: City receives 468 mm of rain in 12 hours; IMD predicts more of the same today |url=http://www.firstpost.com/india/mumbai-rains-city-gets-468-mm-of-showers-in-12-hours-imd-predicts-more-downpour-tomorrow-3988251.html}}</ref> Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu yaje guhagarara neza hamwe na gari ya moshi zaho zihagarara i Mumbai kandi indege zitandukanye zahagaritswe hafi ya zose zatinze. Ku Muhanda uhuza, inyubako yaguye. Guverinoma ya Maharashtra yatangaje ko 30 Kanama 2017 ari umunsi w'ikiruhuko ku mashuri makuru na kaminuza. <ref>https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41085606</ref> == Abahitanwa n’impanuka == Kuva mu gitondo cyo ku ya 30 Kanama 2017, abantu cumi na bane bemejwe ko bishwe. <ref>https://www.reuters.com/?edition-redirect=in</ref> Umwuzure watumye inyubako isenyuka, ihitana byibuze abantu 21. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dhillon |first=Amrit |date=31 August 2017 |title=South Asia floods: Mumbai building collapses as monsoon rains wreak havoc |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/aug/31/south-asia-floods-fears-death-toll-rise-india-pakistan-mumbai-building-collapses |access-date=3 September 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> Ibi byose byibajije ikibazo kuki Ubuhinde bugira umwuzure ukabije nyuma ya byose. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-08-29 |title=Mumbai floods: Why India’s cities are struggling with extreme rainfall |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/mumbai-floods-why-india-s-cities-are-struggling-with-extreme-rainfall/story-wsWPNy2MXh4b9JYTqtA0QJ.html |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Inkubi y'umuyaga * Umwuzure mu burengerazuba bwa Bengal mu wa 2017 * Umwuzure wa Maharashtra wo mu 2005 * Umwuzure wo mu majyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubuhinde mu wa 2017 * Umwuzure i Gujarat mu wa 2017 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} bmtq5rvwl3wwvvduv7z9egj4kqtg9ck 0 14107 139254 99131 2026-09-23T07:31:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RainBow ː).jpg|thumb|umukororombya]] '''<u>Umukororombya</u>''' ni meteorologiya na optique iterwa no kurebesha amaso, kuzanwa no gukwirakwiza urumuri mubitonyanga byamazi bigatuma urumuri rugaragara mwijuru. Ifata ishusho yumuzingi wamabara menshi. Umukororombya uterwa nurumuri rwizuba burigihe ugaragara mugice cyikirere giteganye nizuba. Umukororombya urashobora kuba uruziga rwuzuye. Nyamara, indorerezi mubisanzwe ibona arc yakozwe gusa nigitonyanga kimurika hejuru yubutaka, [1] kandi gishingiye kumurongo uva izuba ugana ijisho ryindorerezi. Umukororombya wibanze, arc yerekana umutuku kuruhande rwinyuma na violet kuruhande rwimbere. Uyu mukororombya uterwa numucyo wangiritse mugihe winjiye mumazi yigitonyanga cyamazi, hanyuma ukagaragarira imbere inyuma yigitonyanga hanyuma ukongera ukagabanuka iyo uvuye. Mu mukororombya wikubye kabiri, arc ya kabiri igaragara hanze ya arc yibanze, kandi ifite gahunda yamabara yayo ihinduka, hamwe numutuku kuruhande rwimbere rwimbere. Ibi biterwa numucyo ugaragara kabiri imbere yigitonyanga mbere yo kuhava. [[Dosiye:Atlantic And Rain Bow - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Umukororombya mugicu]] Incamake Ishusho yimpera yumukororombya muri parike yigihugu ya Jasper Umukororombya ntabwo uri ahantu runaka kure yindorerezi, ariko uturuka kumurongo wibitekerezo uterwa nigitonyanga cyamazi cyarebaga kuruhande runaka ugereranije nisoko yumucyo. Rero, umukororombya ntabwo ari ikintu kandi ntushobora kwegerwa kumubiri. Mubyukuri, ntibishoboka ko indorerezi ibona umukororombya uva kumatonyanga yamazi kuruhande urwo arirwo rwose usibye ibisanzwe bya dogere 42 uvuye mucyerekezo giturutse kumucyo. Nubwo indorerezi ibona undi indorerezi isa "munsi" cyangwa "iherezo ry" umukororombya, indorerezi ya kabiri izabona umukororombya utandukanye - kure cyane - ku mpande imwe nkuko wabibonye bwa mbere. Umukororombya uzenguruka urutonde rwamabara. Imirongo iyo ari yo yose itandukanye igaragara ni igihangano cyerekana amabara yumuntu, kandi nta guhuza ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bigaragara ku ifoto yumukara-n-umweru wumukororombya, gusa urwego rworoheje rwimbaraga kugeza kurwego rwo hejuru, hanyuma rugenda rwerekeza kurundi ruhande. Ku mabara agaragara nijisho ryumuntu, urutonde rukunze kuvugwa kandi rwibukwa ni Isaac Newton inshuro zirindwi zitukura, orange, umuhondo, icyatsi, ubururu, indigo na violet, [2] [a] yibukwa na mnemonike Richard Of York Yatanze Intambara Mubusa, cyangwa nk'izina ry'umuntu w'impimbano (Roy G. Biv). Itangiriro rimwe na rimwe ryerekanwa muburyo butandukanye, nka VIBGYOR. Ibigezweho, umukororombya ukunze kugabanywamo umutuku, orange, umuhondo, icyatsi, cyan, ubururu na violet [citation ikenewe]. Umukororombya urashobora guterwa nuburyo bwinshi bwamazi yo mu kirere. Harimo imvura gusa, ariko kandi harimo ibicu, gutera, n'ikime cyo mu kirere. [[Dosiye:The Rain The Bow.jpg|thumb|Ishusho y'amabara y'umukororombya]] Kugaragara Umukororombya urashobora gukora muri spray yisumo (bita spray umuheto) Igicucu hejuru ya Rannoch Moor muri Scotland Umukororombya urashobora gukora muri spray yakozwe numuraba Umukororombya urashobora kugaragara igihe cyose hari ibitonyanga byamazi mumuyaga nizuba ryaka biva inyuma yindorerezi kumurongo muto. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umukororombya ukunze kugaragara mwijuru ryiburengerazuba mugitondo no mwijuru ryiburasirazuba nimugoroba. Umukororombya utangaje cyane ubaho mugihe igice cyikirere cyaba cyijimye hamwe nigicu cyimvura kandi indorerezi iri ahantu hamwe nikirere cyera cyerekezo cyizuba. Igisubizo ni umukororombya urumuri utandukanye ninyuma yijimye. Mugihe nkiki cyiza cyo kugaragara, umukororombya munini ariko ucogora ukunze kugaragara. Bigaragara nka 10 ° hanze yumukororombya wibanze, hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwamabara. Iruka rya Castle Geyser, Parike ya Yellowstone, hamwe n'umukororombya wikubye kabiri ugaragara mu gihu Ingaruka y'umukororombya nayo igaragara cyane hafi yisumo cyangwa amasoko. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka zirashobora gukorwa muburyo bwogukwirakwiza ibitonyanga byamazi mukirere kumunsi wizuba. Ni gake, umukororombya w'ukwezi, umukororombya w'ukwezi cyangwa umukororombya wa nijoro, urashobora kuboneka nijoro rikomeye. Nkuko imyumvire yumuntu yumuntu ibara ikennye mumucyo muke, ukwezi kurabona ko ari umweru. Biragoye gufotora igice cyuzuye cyumukororombya mumurongo umwe, kuko ibi bisaba inguni yo kureba 84 °. Kuri kamera ya mm 35, hasabwa lens nini yagutse ifite uburebure bwa mm 19 cyangwa munsi yayo. Noneho iyo software yo kudoda amashusho menshi muri panorama irahari, amashusho ya arc yose ndetse niyo arc ya kabiri irashobora gushirwaho byoroshye biturutse kumurongo wikurikiranya. Uhereye hejuru yisi nko mu ndege, rimwe na rimwe birashoboka kubona umukororombya nkuruziga rwuzuye. Iki kintu gishobora kwitiranwa nicyubahiro, ariko icyubahiro mubisanzwe ni gito cyane, gipfukirana 5-20 ° gusa. Ikirere imbere mu mukororombya wibanze kirabagirana kuruta ikirere hanze yumuheto. Ibi ni ukubera ko imvura igwa ni umuzingi kandi ikwirakwiza urumuri hejuru ya disikuru izenguruka mu kirere. Iradiyo ya disiki iterwa nuburebure bwumucyo, hamwe numucyo utukura ukwirakwizwa kuruhande runini kuruta urumuri rwubururu. Hafi ya disiki hafi ya yose, urumuri rutatanye ku burebure bwose bwuzuzanya, bikavamo urumuri rwera wIkirere kimurika ikirere. Ku nkombe, uburebure bw'umuraba bwo gutatana butera umukororombya. Umucyo wumukororombya wibanze arc ni 96% polarized tangential kuri arc. Umucyo wa arc ya kabiri ni 90% polarize. Umubare wamabara murwego cyangwa umukororombya Reba kandi: Ibara rya Spectral Ikirangantego cyabonetse ukoresheje ikirahuri cya prism hamwe nisoko yinkomoko ni ugukomeza uburebure bwumuraba udafite imirongo. Umubare wamabara ijisho ryumuntu rishobora gutandukanya murwego rukurikirana 100. [7] Kubwibyo, sisitemu yamabara ya Munsell (sisitemu yo mu kinyejana cya 20 yo gusobanura imibare, ishingiye ku ntambwe zingana zo kubona abantu) itandukanya amabara 100. Ubushishozi bugaragara bwamabara yingenzi ni igihangano cyimyumvire yumuntu kandi umubare nyawo wamabara yingenzi ni uguhitamo uko bishakiye. Newton, wemeye ko amaso ye atigeze anenga cyane gutandukanya amabara, [8] mu ntangiriro (1672) yagabanije ibice mu mabara atanu y'ingenzi: umutuku, umuhondo, icyatsi, ubururu na violet. Nyuma yaje gushyiramo orange na indigo, atanga amabara arindwi yingenzi mugereranya numubare wanditse mubipimo byumuziki. [2] [b] ya sofiste ya kera yubugereki, batekerezaga ko hari isano hagati yamabara, injyana yumuziki, ibintu bizwi muri Solar System, niminsi yicyumweru. [10] [11] [12] Intiti zavuze ko icyo Newton yabonaga icyo gihe ari "ubururu" muri iki gihe cyafatwa nka cyan, kandi icyo Newton yise "indigo" muri iki gihe cyafatwa nk'ubururu. [3] [13] [14] Umukororombya (hagati: nyayo, hepfo: ubarwa) ugereranije nukuri (hejuru): amabara adahagije hamwe numwirondoro wamabara atandukanye Amabara ya mbere ya Newton Umutuku Umuhondo Icyatsi Icyatsi Amabara ya Newton nyuma Umutuku Orange Umuhondo Icyatsi Icyatsi Indigo Violet Amabara agezweho Umutuku Orange Umuhondo Icyatsi Cyan Ubururu Ibara ryumukororombya uratandukanye nurwego, kandi amabara ntiyuzuye. Hariho gusiga ibintu mu mukororombya bitewe nuko ku burebure ubwo aribwo bwose, habaho gukwirakwiza inguni zisohoka, aho kuba inguni imwe itandukanye. Byongeye kandi, umukororombya ni verisiyo idasobanutse yumuheto wabonetse ahantu, kuko diameter ya disiki yizuba (0.5 °) ntishobora kwirengagizwa ugereranije nubugari bwumukororombya (2 °). Ibindi bitukura byumukororombya wambere wongeyeho hejuru ya violet yumukororombya wibanze, aho kugirango ibara ryanyuma rihindurwe na violet ya spekitale, mubyukuri ni umutuku. Umubare wibara ryumukororombya urashobora rero gutandukana numubare wimigozi murwego, cyane cyane niba ibitonyanga ari binini cyangwa bito. Kubwibyo, umubare wamabara yumukororombya urahinduka. Niba, ariko, ijambo umukororombya ukoreshwa muburyo budasobanutse kugirango usobanure, ni umubare wamabara nyamukuru murwego. Ikibazo cyo kumenya niba abantu bose babona amabara arindwi mu mukororombya bifitanye isano nigitekerezo cyo guhuza indimi. Hatanzwe igitekerezo kivuga ko hariho abantu bose muburyo umukororombya ubona. [16] Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa bwerekana ko umubare wamabara atandukanye yagaragaye nicyo bita biterwa nururimi umuntu akoresha, hamwe nabantu bafite ururimi rufite amagambo make y'amabara babona amabara atandukanye atandukanye. Ibisobanuro Imirasire yumucyo yinjira mumvura iturutse mucyerekezo kimwe (mubisanzwe umurongo ugororotse uturutse ku zuba), ukagaragaza inyuma yimvura, hanyuma ugahita usohoka mugihe cyimvura. Umucyo usize umukororombya ukwirakwijwe ku nguni nini, hamwe n'uburemere ntarengwa ku mfuruka 40.89–42 °. . Itara ryera ritandukanya amabara atandukanye iyo yinjiye mu mvura kubera gutatana, bigatuma itara ritukura rihinduka munsi yumucyo wubururu. Iyo urumuri rwizuba ruhuye nigitonyanga cyimvura, igice cyumucyo kigaragarira naho ibindi bikinjira mumvura. Umucyo wangiritse hejuru yimvura. Iyo urumuri rukubise inyuma yimvura, bimwe muribi bigaragarira inyuma. Iyo urumuri rwerekanwe imbere rugera hejuru yubuso, rimwe narimwe bimwe bigaragarira imbere kandi bimwe bikanga nkuko bisohoka. . urumuri rwinjira rugaragarira inyuma ya 0 ° kugeza 42 °, hamwe nurumuri rwinshi kuri 42 °. Iyi mfuruka irigenga kubunini bwigitonyanga, ariko biterwa nigipimo cyayo cyangiritse. Amazi yo mu nyanja afite igipimo cyinshi cyo kwanga kurusha amazi y'imvura, bityo radiyo y "umukororombya" muri spray yo mu nyanja ni nto ugereranije n'umukororombya nyawo. Ibi bigaragarira amaso yubusa na misalignme nt muri iyi miheto. Impamvu itara ryagarutse cyane kuri 42 ° ni uko iyi ari impinduka - urumuri rukubita impeta yo hanze yigitonyanga rusubizwa munsi ya 42 °, nkuko urumuri rukubita igitonyanga hafi yikigo cyacyo. Hariho uruziga ruzengurutse urumuri rwose rusubizwa hafi ya 42 °. Niba izuba ryarabaye lazeri isohora imirasire ibangikanye, monochromatique, noneho urumuri (umucyo) wumuheto rwerekeza kumurongo utagira ingano kuriyi mpande (wirengagije ingaruka zo kwivanga). . Ikigeretse kuri ibyo, ingano yumucyo iterwa nuburebure bwayo, bityo ibara ryayo. Ingaruka yitwa gutatanya. Itara ry'ubururu (uburebure bwumurongo muto) ryangiritse ku nguni nini kuruta itara ritukura, ariko kubera kwerekana imirasire yumucyo uturutse inyuma yigitonyanga, urumuri rwubururu ruva mumatonyanga kumurongo muto ugana kubyabaye mbere yumucyo wera kuruta itara ritukura. Bitewe niyi mfuruka, ubururu bugaragara imbere muri arc yumukororombya wibanze, naho umutuku hanze. Igisubizo cyibi ntabwo ari ugutanga amabara atandukanye mubice bitandukanye byumukororombya, ahubwo no kugabanya umucyo. ("Umukororombya" wakozwe nigitonyanga cyamazi kitatatanye cyaba cyera, ariko kikaba cyiza kuruta umukororombya usanzwe.) Umucyo uri inyuma yimvura ntushobora kwigaragaza imbere, kandi urumuri rusohoka ruva inyuma. Nyamara, urumuri rusohoka inyuma yigitonyanga ntirurema umukororombya hagati yindorerezi nizuba kuko spekure isohoka inyuma yimvura idafite imbaraga nyinshi, nkuko izindi umukororombya zigaragara zibikora, bityo amabara akavanga hamwe aho gukora umukororombya. Umukororombya ntubaho ahantu runaka. Umukororombya mwinshi urahari; icyakora, kimwe gusa gishobora kuboneka ukurikije uko indorerezi ibibona nkibitonyanga byurumuri rumurikirwa nizuba. Ibitonyanga by'imvura byose bigabanya kandi bikagaragaza urumuri rw'izuba muburyo bumwe, ariko urumuri ruturuka kumvura imwe rukumbi rugera kumaso yindorerezi. Uyu mucyo nicyo kigize umukororombya kuri uriya ndorerezi. Sisitemu yose igizwe nimirasire yizuba, umutwe w indorerezi, hamwe nigitonyanga cyamazi (spherical) gifite uburinganire bwa axial buzengurutse umurongo unyuze mumutwe w indorerezi kandi bigereranywa nimirasire yizuba. Umukororombya uragoramye kubera ko imvura yimvura yose ifite inguni iboneye hagati yindorerezi, igitonyanga nizuba, aryamye kuri cone yerekana izuba hamwe nindorerezi hejuru. Intandaro ya cone ikora uruziga ku mfuruka ya 40-42 ° kugera kumurongo uri hagati yumutwe w indorerezi nigicucu cyazo ariko 50% cyangwa irenga yumuzingi uri munsi yizuba, keretse niba indorerezi iri kure cyane yubuso bwisi kugeza kuri reba byose, urugero nko mu ndege (reba hepfo). [22] [23] Ubundi, indorerezi ifite icyerekezo cyiza irashobora kubona uruziga rwuzuye mumasoko cyangwa kumasoko y'amazi. Imibare ikomoka Imibare ikomoka Birashoboka kumenya inguni igaragara umukororombya ugabanuka kuburyo bukurikira. Uhaye imvura igwa, kandi ugasobanura impande zifatika zumukororombya nka 2φ, hamwe nu mfuruka yerekana imbere nka 2β, noneho inguni yerekana imirasire yizuba kubijyanye nubuso bwibitonyanga bisanzwe ni 2β - φ. Kubera ko impande zo kugabanuka ari β, amategeko ya Snell araduha icyaha (2β - φ) = n icyaha β, aho n = 1.333 nigipimo cyo kugabanya amazi. Gukemura kuri φ, turabona φ = 2β - arcsin (n icyaha β). Umukororombya uzabera aho inguni φ ari nini cyane ku bijyanye n'inguni β. Kubwibyo, duhereye kubara, dushobora gushiraho dφ / dβ = 0, tugakemura kuri β, itanga umusaruro {\ kwerekana imiterere \ beta _ {\ inyandiko {max}} = \ arccos \ ibumoso ({\ frac {2 {\ sqrt {-1 + n ^ {2}}}} { \ iburyo) \ hafi 40.2 ^ {\ umuzenguruko}.} {\ kwerekana imiterere \ beta _ {\ inyandiko {max}} = \ arccos \ ibumoso ({\ frac {2 {\ sqrt {-1 + n ^ {2}} }} <nowiki>{{\ sqrt {3}}</nowiki> n}} \ iburyo) \ hafi 40.2 ^ {\ umuzenguruko}.} Gusimbuza gusubira muburinganire bwambere kuri φ bitanga 2φmax ≈ 42 ° nkinguni ya radiyo yumukororombya. Ku itara ritukura (uburebure bwa 750nm, n = 1.330 hashingiwe ku gukwirakwiza amazi), inguni ya radiyo ni 42.5 °; ku mucyo w'ubururu (uburebure bwa 350nm, n = 1.343), inguni ya radiyo ni 40,6 °. Gutandukana Umukororombya kabiri "Umukororombya wikubye kabiri" uyobora hano. Kubindi bikoreshwa, reba Umukororombya Kubiri. Umukororombya wikubye kabiri hamwe nitsinda rya Alexandre rigaragara hagati yumuheto wibanze nuwa kabiri. Menyako kandi umuheto uvugwa cyane imbere yumuheto wibanze. Umukororombya wibanze "ni impanga." Fizika yumukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri hamwe nitsinda ryijimye rya Alegizandere [26] (Ishusho yizuba ku ishusho ni ibisanzwe gusa; imirasire yose irasa nigitereko cyumukororombya) Umukororombya wa kabiri, ku nguni nini kuruta umukororombya wibanze, ukunze kugaragara. Ijambo umukororombya kabiri rikoreshwa mugihe umukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri ugaragara. Mubyigisho, umukororombya wose uble umukororombya, ariko kubera ko umuheto wa kabiri uhora ucogoye kuruta ibanze, birashobora kuba intege nke cyane kubona mubikorwa. Umukororombya wa kabiri uterwa no kwerekana kabiri urumuri rwizuba imbere yigitonyanga cyamazi. Mubuhanga umuheto wa kabiri wibanze ku zuba ubwaryo, ariko kubera ko ubunini bwaryo burenga 90 ° (hafi 127 ° kuri violet kugeza 130 ° kumutuku), bigaragara kuruhande rumwe rwikirere nkumukororombya wambere, hafi 10 ° hanze yacyo ku nguni igaragara ya 50–53 °. Nkibisubizo bya "imbere" y'umuheto wa kabiri kuba "hejuru" kubarebera, amabara asa naho yahindutse ugereranije n'ay'umuheto wibanze. Umukororombya wa kabiri uracogora kuruta uwambere kuko urumuri rwinshi ruva mubitekerezo bibiri ugereranije nimwe kandi kubera ko umukororombya ubwawo ukwirakwira ahantu hanini cyane mwijuru. Buri mukororombya ugaragaza urumuri rwera imbere yumurongo wamabara, ariko ibyo "biri hasi" kubanze na "hejuru" kubwa kabiri. Agace kijimye k'ikirere kitarambitse kiri hagati y'umuheto wa mbere n'uwa kabiri cyitwa itsinda rya Alexandre, nyuma ya Alexandre wa Aforodisiya, wabisobanuye bwa mbere. Umukororombya Bitandukanye n'umukororombya wikubye kabiri ugizwe numukororombya utandukanye kandi wibanze cyane, umukororombya udasanzwe cyane wimpanga ugaragara nkumukororombya wibice bibiri bitandukanije numutwe umwe. Amabara mumuheto wa kabiri, aho guhindukira nko mumukororombya wa kabiri, agaragara muburyo bumwe n'umukororombya wibanze. Umukororombya "usanzwe" urashobora kuba uhari. Umukororombya wimpanga urashobora kugaragara nk, ariko ntugomba kwitiranwa nitsinda ryindengakamere. Ibi bintu byombi birashobora kubwirwa gutandukana kubitandukaniro ryabyo muburyo bwamabara: imirongo ndengakamere igizwe na paste yagabanijwe (cyane cyane umutuku, umutuku nicyatsi), mugihe umukororombya wimpanga werekana ibintu bitandukanye nkumukororombya usanzwe. Igitera umukororombya wimpanga bemeza ko ari uguhuza ubunini butandukanye bwibitonyanga byamazi bigwa mwijuru. Bitewe no kurwanya ikirere, ibitonyanga by'imvura biragwa uko biguye, kandi gusibanganya bigaragara cyane mu bitonyanga binini by'amazi. Iyo imvura ebyiri yaguye hamwe nigitonyanga kinini gifite imvura ihuriweho, buri kimwe gitanga umukororombya utandukanye gato ushobora guhuza ugakora umukororombya wimpanga. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku mibare yerekana ko umukororombya wimpanga ku ifoto ushobora gusobanurwa nuruvange rwibitonyanga bya mm 0.40 na 0.45. Itandukaniro rito mubunini bwigitonyanga ryatumye habaho itandukaniro rito muburyo bwo gutonyanga imiterere yigitonyanga, kandi itandukaniro rinini muguhuza umukororombya hejuru. Umukororombya uzenguruka Hagati aho, ikibazo gike cyane cy'umukororombya ugabanyijemo amashami atatu cyaragaragaye kandi gifotorwa muri kamere. Umukororombya wuzuye Mubyigisho, umukororombya wose ni uruziga, ariko uhereye kubutaka, mubisanzwe igice cyacyo cyo hejuru gusa kirashobora kugaragara. Kubera ko umukororombya rwagati urwanya cyane izuba rihagaze mu kirere, uruziga rwinshi ruraboneka mugihe izuba ryegereye izuba, bivuze ko igice kinini cyuruziga ubusanzwe kiboneka ari 50% mugihe izuba rirenze cyangwa izuba rirashe. Kureba umukororombya wo hepfo bisaba ko habaho ibitonyanga byamazi munsi yurwego rwindorerezi, hamwe nizuba ryizuba rishobora kubageraho. Ibi bisabwa ntabwo byujujwe mugihe abareba bari kurwego rwubutaka, haba kuberako ibitonyanga bidahari mumwanya ukenewe, cyangwa kubera ko urumuri rwizuba rubuzwa nubutaka inyuma yindorerezi. Urebye cyane nk'inyubako ndende cyangwa indege, icyakora, ibisabwa birashobora kuba byujujwe kandi umukororombya wuzuye urashobora kuboneka. [33] Kimwe n'umukororombya igice, umukororombya uzenguruka urashobora kugira umuheto wa kabiri cyangwa umuheto ndengakamere. Birashoboka kubyara uruziga rwuzuye iyo ruhagaze hasi, urugero nko gutera igihu cyamazi kiva mumurima wubusitani mugihe ureba kure yizuba. Umukororombya uzenguruka ntugomba kwitiranwa nicyubahiro, ni gito cyane mumurambararo kandi cyakozwe nuburyo butandukanye bwa optique. Mugihe gikwiye, icyubahiro numukororombya (umuzenguruko) cyangwa umuheto wibicu birashobora kugaragara hamwe. Ikindi kintu cyo mu kirere gishobora kwibeshya ngo "umukororombya uzenguruka" ni halo 22 °, iterwa na kirisiti ya barafu aho kuba ibitonyanga by'amazi, kandi ikaba ikikije izuba (cyangwa ukwezi), ntabwo bihabanye. Umukororombya ndengakamere Ifoto nini cyane ifoto yumukororombya hamwe nandi matsinda ndengakamere imbere yumuheto wibanze Mubihe bimwe, imirongo imwe cyangwa myinshi ifunganye, ibara ryoroshye rishobora kugaragara rihana imbibi zumukororombya; ni ukuvuga, imbere umuheto wibanze cyangwa, gake cyane, hanze ya kabiri. Iyi bande yinyongera yitwa umukororombya ndengakamere cyangwa bande ndengakamere; hamwe n'umukororombya ubwawo phenomenon nayo izwi nkumukororombya wa stacker. Imiheto ndengakamere itandukanijwe gato n'umuheto mukuru, igenda ihindagurika buhoro buhoro hamwe n'intera yayo, kandi ifite amabara ya pastel (agizwe ahanini n'umuhondo, ibara ry'umuyugubwe n'icyatsi kibisi) aho kuba imiterere isanzwe. Ingaruka igaragara iyo ibitonyanga byamazi are uruhare rufite diameter ya mm 1 cyangwa munsi yayo; ntoya ibitonyanga ni bito, nini nini ya bande ndengakamere iba nini, kandi amabara yabo ntiyuzura. Bitewe n'inkomoko yabyo mu bitonyanga bito, imirwi ndengakamere ikunda kugaragara cyane mu gihu. Umukororombya ndengakamere ntushobora gusobanurwa ukoresheje optique ya geometriki. Guhinduranya imirongo yoroheje iterwa no guhuza imirasire yumucyo ikurikira inzira zitandukanye zitandukanye nuburebure butandukanye hagati yimvura. Imirasire imwe iri murwego, ikomezanya binyuze mubikorwa byubaka, ikora umurongo mwiza; abandi ntibari mucyiciro kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburebure, guhagarika undi binyuze mu kwivanga kwangiza, no guteza icyuho. Urebye impande zitandukanye zo kugabanuka kumirasire yamabara atandukanye, uburyo bwo kwivanga buratandukanye gato kumirasire yamabara atandukanye, kuburyo buri tsinda ryaka ritandukanijwe mumabara, kurema umukororombya muto. Umukororombya ndengakamere urasobanutse mugihe ibitonyanga byimvura ari bito kandi bifite ubunini bumwe. Kuba umukororombya ndengakamere byabayeho mu mateka byerekanaga bwa mbere imiterere yumucyo wumucyo, kandi ibisobanuro byambere byatanzwe na Thomas Young mumwaka wa 1804. [40] Umukororombya Werekanwe, umukororombya ugaragaza Umukororombya Kugaragaza umukororombya (hejuru) n'umukororombya usanzwe (hepfo) izuba rirenze Iyo umukororombya ugaragara hejuru yumubiri wamazi, imiheto ibiri yuzuzanya irashobora kugaragara munsi no hejuru ya horizon, ikomoka kumihanda itandukanye. Amazina yabo aratandukanye gato. Umukororombya ugaragara urashobora kugaragara hejuru y'amazi munsi ya horizon. Imirasire y'izuba ibanza guhindurwa nigitonyanga cyimvura, hanyuma ikagaragarira mumubiri wamazi, mbere yo kugera kubarebera. Umukororombya ugaragara ukunze kugaragara, byibuze igice, ndetse no mu byuzi bito. Umukororombya wigaragaza urashobora kubyara aho urumuri rwizuba rugaragaza umubiri wamazi mbere yo kugera kumvura, niba umubiri wamazi ari munini, ucecetse hejuru yacyo yose, kandi hafi yumwenda wimvura. Umukororombya wigaragaza ugaragara hejuru ya horizon. Ihuza umukororombya usanzwe kuri horizon, kandi arc yayo igera hejuru mukirere, hamwe na centre yayo hejuru hejuru ya horizon nkuko ikigo cyumukororombya gisanzwe kiri munsi yacyo. Imiheto yo gutekerezaho iba isanzwe iyo izuba rike kuko icyo gihe urumuri rwacyo rugaragarira cyane hejuru y’amazi. Nkuko izuba rigenda rigabanuka bisanzwe kandi imiheto yo kugaragarizwa yegerejwe hamwe. Bitewe no guhuza ibisabwa, umukororombya wo kwerekana ntukunze kugaragara. Imiheto igera ku munani itandukanye irashobora gutandukanywa niba umukororombya wigaragajwe kandi ukagaragaza bibera icyarimwe: Ubusanzwe (butagaragaza) umuheto wibanze nuwa kabiri hejuru ya horizon (1, 2) hamwe na bagenzi babo bagaragara munsi yacyo (3, 4), no kugaragariza umuheto wibanze nuwa kabiri hejuru ya horizon (5, 6) hamwe na bagenzi babo bagaragara munsi yacyo (7, 8). [42] [43] Umukororombya wa Monochrome Ingingo nyamukuru: Umukororombya wa Monochrome Ifoto idahwitse yumukororombya utukura (monochrome) Rimwe na rimwe, kwiyuhagira bishobora kubaho izuba rirashe cyangwa izuba rirenze, aho uburebure buke bwumuraba nkubururu nicyatsi bwatatanye kandi byanze bikunze bikava mubice. Ibindi bitatanye bishobora kubaho kubera imvura, kandi ibisubizo birashobora kuba monochrome idasanzwe kandi idasanzwe cyangwa umukororombya utukura. Umukororombya wohejuru Usibye umukororombya rusange wibanze nuwakabiri, birashoboka kandi umukororombya wurwego rwo hejuru gushiraho. Itondekanya ry'umukororombya ugenwa n'umubare w'urumuri rwerekana imbere mu bitonyanga by'amazi birema: Imitekerereze imwe itanga igisubizo cya mbere cyangwa umukororombya wibanze; ibitekerezo bibiri birema urwego rwa kabiri cyangwa umukororombya wa kabiri. Ibitekerezo byinshi byimbere bitera umuheto wurwego rwo hejuru - mubyukuri bitagira iherezo. Nkuko urumuri rwinshi rwatakaye hamwe na buri kintu cyerekana imbere, icyakora, buri muheto ukurikiraho ugenda uhinduka buhoro buhoro bityo bikagorana kubibona. Iyindi mbogamizi mu kwitegereza umukororombya wa gatatu (cyangwa wa gatatu) nuwa kane (quaternary) umukororombya ni aho uherereye werekeza ku zuba (hafi 40 ° na 45 ° biturutse ku zuba), bigatuma barohama. urumuri rwarwo. Kubera izo mpamvu, mubisanzwe umukororombya ugaragara kurutonde ruri hejuru ya 2 ntibikunze kugaragara kumaso. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, harabonetse iyerekwa ry'umuheto wo mu cyiciro cya gatatu muri kamere, kandi mu 2011 ryarafotowe ku nshuro ya mbere. [47] Nyuma gato, umukororombya wo mu cyiciro cya kane nawo wafotowe, [49] [50] naho muri 2014 hasohoka amashusho yambere yumukororombya wa gatanu (cyangwa quinary). Umukororombya wa Quinary uryamye mubice hagati yumukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri kandi uracogora cyane kuruta uwakabiri. Mugihe cya laboratoire, birashoboka gukora imiheto yibicuruzwa byinshi. Felix Billet (1808–1882) yerekanaga imyanya y'inguni kugeza umukororombya wo ku murongo wa 19, icyitegererezo yise "roza y'umukororombya". 2] [53] Kugera kuri 200-umukororombya watanzwe na Ng et al. mu 1998 ukoresheje uburyo busa ariko argon ion laser beam. [55] Umukororombya wa gatatu na kane ntugomba kwitiranwa n'umukororombya "gatatu" na "kane" - amagambo rimwe na rimwe akoreshwa nabi yerekeza ku - imiheto myinshi - imiheto ndengakamere no kwerekana umukororombya. Umukororombya munsi y'izuba Ingingo nyamukuru: Ukwezi Shira umukororombya ukwezi kugwa kwa Yosemite yo hepfo Kimwe nibintu byinshi byo mu kirere optique, umukororombya urashobora guterwa numucyo uturuka ku zuba, ariko nanone ukomoka ku Kwezi. Mugihe cyanyuma, umukororombya uvugwa nkumukororombya ukwezi cyangwa ukwezi. Ntibisanzwe kandi ntibisanzwe kurusha umukororombya wizuba, bisaba ko ukwezi kuba hafi-yuzuye kugirango babone. Kubwimpamvu imwe, ukwezi kwakunze gufatwa nkumweru kandi birashobora gutekerezwa nka monochrome. Ikirangantego cyuzuye kirahari, ariko, ariko ijisho ryumuntu ntirisanzwe ryumva bihagije kugirango ribone amabara. Amafoto maremare yerekanwe rimwe na rimwe azerekana ibara muri ubu bwoko bw'umukororombya. Igicu Ingingo nyamukuru: Umuheto Igicu n'icyubahiro. Ibicu bikora muburyo bumwe nkumukororombya, ariko bigizwe nigicu gito cyane nigitonyanga cyibicu bitandukanya urumuri cyane. Hafi yumweru ifite umutuku ucyeye hanze nubururu imbere; akenshi imirongo imwe cyangwa myinshi yagutse ndengakamere irashobora gutahurwa imbere yimbere. Amabara arijimye kuko umuheto muri buri bara ni mugari cyane kandi amabara aruzuzanya. Ibicu bikunze kugaragara hejuru y'amazi iyo umwuka uhuye namazi akonje akonje, ariko urashobora kuboneka ahantu hose mugihe igihu ari gito kuburyo izuba ryaka kandi izuba rikaba ryaka cyane. Ninini cyane - hafi nini nkumukororombya kandi mugari cyane. Rimwe na rimwe bagaragara bafite icyubahiro hagati y'umuheto. Imiheto y'ibihu ntigomba kwitiranwa na halos ya ice, ikunze kugaragara kwisi yose kandi igaragara cyane kuruta umukororombya (uko byagenda kose), [58] nyamara ntaho bihuriye numukororombya. Sleetbow Urubura rwa Monochrome rwafashwe mu gitondo cya kare ku ya 7 Mutarama 2016 i Valparaiso, muri Leta ya Indiana. Igituba kimeze nk'umukororombya usanzwe, usibye ko bibaho iyo urumuri runyuze mu rubura rugwa (ice pellets) aho kuba amazi meza. Iyo urumuri runyuze mu rubura, urumuri rwanze bigatuma ibintu bidasanzwe. Izi nyandiko zanditswe muri Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika hamwe n’igitambaro cya mbere cyanditswe ku mugaragaro kandi gifotorwa kiboneka i Richmond, muri Virijiniya ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2012. [59] Kimwe n'umukororombya usanzwe, ibi birashobora kandi kuza muburyo butandukanye, hamwe nigituba cya monochrome cyanditswe ku ya 7 Mutarama 2016 i Valparaiso, muri Leta ya Indiana. Kuzenguruka no kuzenguruka arcs Umuzenguruko arc (hepfo), munsi ya halo yazengurutse Kuzenguruka arc Inzira ya circzenithal na circhorizontal nibintu bibiri bifitanye isano na optique isa nkaho isa n'umukororombya, ariko bitandukanye na nyuma, inkomoko yabyo iri mu gucana urumuri binyuze muri kirisiti ya hegitari esheshatu aho gutonyanga amazi. Ibi bivuze ko atari umukororombya, ahubwo ni abagize umuryango mugari wa halos. Impande zombi ni ibara ryamabara meza yibice byerekeranye na zenith, ariko mumwanya utandukanye mwijuru: arc ya circzenithal arc iragoramye kandi iherereye hejuru yizuba (cyangwa ukwezi) uruhande rwayo rwa convex rwerekeza hepfo (bitera igitekerezo cyo "hejuru" umukororombya "); umuzenguruko arc ikora cyane hafi ya horizon, iragororotse kandi iherereye ku ntera igaragara munsi yizuba (cyangwa Ukwezi). Impande zombi zifite uruhande rutukura rwerekeza ku zuba naho igice cyazo cya violet kikaba kure yacyo, bivuze ko arc ya circzenithal itukura hepfo, naho arc izenguruka itukura hejuru. [60] [61] Umuzenguruko arc rimwe na rimwe uvugwa nabi "umukororombya wumuriro". Kugirango tuyirebe, izuba cyangwa ukwezi bigomba kuba byibuze 58 ° hejuru ya horizon, bigatuma biba ibintu bidasanzwe mumwanya muremure. Arc ya circzenithal, igaragara gusa hejuru yizuba cyangwa ukwezi kurwego ruri munsi ya 32 °, iramenyerewe cyane, ariko akenshi irabura kuva iboneka hafi yimbere. Umukororombya wo hanze Ingingo nyamukuru: Ikirere kidasanzwe Byagaragaye ko umukororombya ushobora kubaho ku kwezi kwa Saturne Titan, kuko ifite ubuso butose n'ibicu bitose. Iradiyo y'umukororombya wa Titan yaba hafi 49 ° aho kuba 42 °, kubera ko amazi yo muri ibyo bidukikije akonje ari metani aho kuba amazi. Nubwo umukororombya ugaragara ushobora kuba imbonekarimwe kubera ikirere cya Titan cyijimye, umukororombya wa infragre urashobora kuba rusange, ariko indorerezi yakenera indorerwamo zijoro zitagaragara kugirango zibone. Umukororombya hamwe nibikoresho bitandukanye Itondere rya mbere umukororombya uva mumazi (ibumoso) nigisubizo cyisukari (iburyo). Ibitonyanga (cyangwa imirima) bigizwe nibikoresho bifite ibimenyetso bitandukanye byangiritse kuruta amazi asanzwe bitanga umukororombya ufite impande zitandukanye. Kuva samazi ya alt afite igipimo cyinshi cyo kuvunika, umuheto wo gutera mu nyanja ntushobora guhuza neza n'umukororombya usanzwe, iyo ubonetse ahantu hamwe. Utubuto duto twa plastiki cyangwa ibirahuri birashobora gukoreshwa mukumenyekanisha umuhanda nkumucyo kugirango ubashe kugaragara neza nabashoferi nijoro. Bitewe nigipimo kinini cyo kwangirika, umukororombya ugaragara kuri marble ufite radiyo ntoya bigaragara. Umuntu arashobora kubyara byoroshye ibintu nkibi akanyanyagiza amazi yibice bitandukanye byangirika mukirere, nkuko bigaragara ku ifoto. <nowiki>Kwimura umukororombya kubera ibimenyetso bitandukanye byangiritse birashobora gusunikwa kumupaka wihariye. Kubikoresho bifite indangantego irenze 2, nta mfuruka yujuje ibisabwa kugirango umukororombya wambere utangire. Kurugero, indangagaciro yo kugabanuka kwa diyama ni hafi 2,4, bityo sisitemu ya diyama yatanga umukororombya guhera kumurongo wa kabiri, usibye urutonde rwa mbere. Muri rusange, nkuko indangagaciro zivunika zirenze umubare n + 1, aho n numubare usanzwe, inguni yibibazo byinshuro n inshuro zerekanwe imbere imbere ihunga domaine {\ kwerekana imiterere [0, {\ frac {\ pi} {2} }]} {\ kwerekana imiterere [0, {\ frac {\ pi} {2}}]}. Ibi bivamo umukororombya wa n-gahunda igabanuka kugera kuri antisolar point ikabura.</nowiki> Umukororombya muri Tokiyo, 2021 Amateka yubumenyi Intiti ya kera y’Abagereki Aristote (384–322 mbere ya Yesu) yabanje kwita cyane ku mukororombya. Nk’uko Raymond L. Lee na Alistair B. Fraser babivuze, "N'ubwo hari inenge nyinshi kandi ko yitabaza imibare ya Pythagorean, ibisobanuro byujuje ubuziranenge bwa Aristote byerekanaga ko byavumbuwe kandi bihuzagurika bitagereranywa mu binyejana byinshi. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Aristote, inyigisho nyinshi z'umukororombya zari zigizwe no kubyitwaramo. umurimo we, nubwo ibyo byose atari byo byari binegura. "[66] Mu gitabo cya I cya Naturales Quaestiones (nko mu mwaka wa 65 nyuma ya Yesu), umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Abaroma Seneca Nyamwasa avuga ku nyigisho zitandukanye zerekeye ishyirwaho ry'umukororombya cyane, harimo n'iya Arisitote. Abona ko umukororombya ugaragara buri gihe utandukanye n'izuba, ko bigaragara mu mazi yatewe n'umukinnyi, mu mazi yacishijwemo amazi yuzuye imyenda irambuye ku nkoni cyangwa n'amazi yatewe mu mwobo muto mu muyoboro waturika. Ndetse avuga umukororombya ukorwa ninkoni nto (virgulae) yikirahure, ategereje ibyabaye kuri Newton hamwe na prism. Yita ku nyigisho ebyiri: imwe, ko umukororombya ukorwa n'izuba ryerekana muri buri gitonyanga cy'amazi, ikindi, ko cyakozwe n'izuba kigaragarira mu gicu kimeze nk'indorerwamo ifatanye; atonesha aba nyuma. Yaganiriye kandi ku bindi bintu bifitanye isano n'umukororombya: "virgae" y'amayobera (inkoni), halos na parhelia. [67] Ku bwa Hüseyin Gazi Topdemir, umuhanga mu bya fiziki w’abarabu akaba na polymath Ibin al-Haytham (Alhazen; 965-1039), yagerageje gutanga ibisobanuro bya siyansi ku bijyanye n’umukororombya. Mu gitabo cye cyitwa Maqala fi al-Hala wa Qaws Quzah (Ku mukororombya na Halo), al-Haytham "yasobanuye ishyirwaho ry'umukororombya nk'ishusho, ukora ku ndorerwamo ifatanye. Niba imirasire y'umucyo ituruka ku isoko ya kure yerekana Kuri Ingingo iyo ari yo yose ku murongo w'indorerwamo ihanamye, bakora uruziga rwibanze muri iyo ngingo. Iyo bivugwa ko izuba ari isoko y’umucyo wa kure, ijisho ry'abareba nk'ikintu kiri ku murongo w'indorerwamo n'igicu nk'ubuso bugaragaza, noneho birashobora kugaragara ko uruziga rwibanze ruri kumurongo. " igeragezwa rishoboka. [68] Ibi bisobanuro byagarutsweho na Averroes, [citation yari ikenewe] kandi, nubwo atari byo, byatanze urufatiro rwibisobanuro nyabyo nyuma byatanzwe na Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī mu 1309, kandi, yigenga, na Theodoric wa Freiberg (nko mu 1250 - c. 1311). Ibihe bya Ibin al-Haytham, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Abaperesi na polimath Ibin Sīnā (Avicenna; 980-1037), yatanze ubundi busobanuro, yandika "ko umuheto utakozwe mu gicu cyijimye ahubwo ko ari mu gihu cyoroshye cyane kiri hagati y’igicu na Izuba. [71] Mu ndirimbo y’ingoma y’Ubushinwa (960–1279), umuhanga mu bumenyi-bwa polimath witwa Shen Kuo (1031–1095) yabitekereje - nk'uko Sun Sikong (1015-1076) yabimubanjirije - ko umukororombya wakozwe n'ikintu cy'urumuri rw'izuba gihura n'ibitonyanga. y'imvura mu kirere. Paul Dong yanditse ko ibisobanuro Shen yasobanuye umukororombya nkikintu cyo kugabanuka kwikirere "ahanini bihuye nubumenyi bugezweho prabigishwa. "[73] Ku bwa Nader El-Bizri, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere mu Buperesi, Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236–1311), yatanze ibisobanuro nyabyo ku bijyanye n'umukororombya. Ibi byasobanuwe neza n’umunyeshuri we, Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī (1267–1319), watanze ibisobanuro bishimishije mu mibare y’umukororombya. "Yasabye icyitegererezo aho imirasire y’umucyo ituruka ku zuba yakuweho kabiri n’igitonyanga cy’amazi, kimwe cyangwa byinshi byagaragaye hagati y’imyuka yombi." Hakozwe ubushakashatsi ku kirahure cyuzuye amazi kandi al-Farisi yerekanaga ko izindi mpinduka zatewe n’ikirahure zishobora kwirengagizwa mu cyitegererezo cye. [68] Optics), al-Farisi yakoresheje icyombo kinini gisobanutse cy'ikirahure mu buryo bw'umuzingi, cyuzuyemo amazi, kugira ngo habeho urugero runini rw'igitonyanga cy'imvura. Yahise ashyira iyi moderi muri kamera obscura ifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura urumuri. Yerekanye urumuri kuri uruziga hanyuma amaherezo akuramo ibigeragezo byinshi no kureba mu buryo burambuye ibyerekanwe no kugabanuka k'umucyo ko amabara y'umukororombya ari ibintu byo kubora k'umucyo. Mu Burayi, Igitabo cya Optics cya Ibin al-Haytham cyahinduwe mu kilatini kandi cyizwe na Robert Grosseteste. Ibikorwa bye ku mucyo byakomeje na Roger Bacon, wanditse mu gitabo cye cya Opus Majus cyo mu 1268 ku bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'umucyo urabagirana muri kristu no ku bitonyanga by'amazi byerekana amabara y'umukororombya. Mubyongeyeho, Bacon niwe wambere wabaze ingano yimfuruka yumukororombya. Yavuze ko umusozi w’umukororombya udashobora kugaragara hejuru ya 42 ° hejuru yizuba. Theodoric ya Freiberg izwiho kuba yaratanze ibisobanuro nyabyo byerekana umukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri mumwaka wa 1307. Yasobanuye umukororombya wibanze, avuga ko "iyo urumuri rwizuba ruguye kumatonyanga yubushuhe, imirasire ikuramo ibice bibiri (iyo yinjiye na egress ) hamwe no gutekereza kimwe (inyuma yigitonyanga) mbere yo kwanduza ijisho ryindorerezi. "[76] Igishushanyo cya René Descartes cyerekana umukororombya wibanze nuwakabiri Descartes '1637, Disikuru kuri Method, yarushijeho gutera imbere ibi bisobanuro. Kubera ko yari azi ko ingano y’imvura idasa nkaho igira ingaruka ku mukororombya wabonetse, yagerageje kunyuza imirasire yumucyo mu kirahure kinini cyuzuye amazi. Mu gupima inguni imirasire yagaragaye, yashoje avuga ko umuheto wibanze watewe no gutekereza imbere imbere imbere yimvura kandi ko umuheto wa kabiri ushobora guterwa no gutekereza imbere. Yashyigikiye uyu mwanzuro akomoka ku itegeko ryo kuvunika (nyuma, ariko atisunze, Snell) kandi abara neza impande zombi. Ibisobanuro bye ku mabara, ariko, yari ashingiye ku buryo bwa tekinike y’imyumvire gakondo ivuga ko amabara yakozwe no guhindura urumuri rwera. [78] [79] Isaac Newton yerekanye ko urumuri rwera rugizwe nurumuri rwamabara yose yumukororombya, prism yikirahure yashoboraga gutandukana mubice byose byamabara, yanga igitekerezo cyuko amabara yakozwe no guhindura urumuri rwera. Yagaragaje kandi ko itara ritukura ryangiritse munsi y’urumuri rwubururu, ibyo bikaba byaratumye habaho ibisobanuro bya mbere bya siyansi ku bintu nyamukuru biranga umukororombya. Igitekerezo cy’umucyo cya Newton nticyashoboye gusobanura umukororombya ndengakamere, kandi ibisobanuro bishimishije ntibyabonetse kugeza igihe Thomas Young yamenyeye ko umucyo witwara nkumuhengeri mubihe bimwe na bimwe, kandi ushobora kwivanga. Igikorwa cya Young cyatunganijwe mu myaka ya za 1820 na George Biddell Airy, wasobanuye ko imbaraga z’amabara y’umukororombya zishingiye ku bunini bw’ibitonyanga by’amazi. Ibisobanuro bya kijyambere byerekana umukororombya bishingiye ku gutatanya kwa Mie, igitabo cyanditswe na Gustav Mie mu 1908. [82] Iterambere muburyo bwo kubara hamwe na optique ya optique ikomeje kuganisha ku gusobanukirwa neza umukororombya. Kurugero, Nussenzveig atanga incamake igezweho. Ubushakashatsi Ikigeragezo cyo hasi cya flask umukororombya werekana - Johnson 1882 Ubushakashatsi kuri phenomenon yumukororombya ukoresheje imvura yimvura, ni ukuvuga flasque yuzuye amazi, isubira byibuze kuri Theodoric ya Freiberg mukinyejana cya 14. Nyuma, na Descartes yize kuri phenomenon akoresheje flask ya Florence. Ubushakashatsi bwa flask buzwi ku izina ry'umukororombya wa Florence buracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe nk'igeragezwa ryerekana kandi ryoroshye kandi ryerekana uburyo bwo kwerekana umukororombya. [84] [85] [86] Igizwe no kumurika (hamwe n’urumuri rwera rubangikanye) flask yuzuye amazi yuzuye umwobo muri ecran. Umukororombya uza kugaragara inyuma / uteganijwe kuri ecran, mugihe ecran ari nini bihagije. Bitewe nuburebure bwurukuta rugarukira hamwe na macroscopique iranga imvura yimvura, sitandukaniro rya ubtle rirahari ugereranije nibintu bisanzwe, [87] [88] harimo umukororombya wahinduwe gato no kugabana umukororombya. Ubushakashatsi busa cyane bugizwe no gukoresha icyombo cya silindrike cyuzuye amazi cyangwa silinderi ikomeye ibonerana kandi ikamurikirwa haba ibangikanye nuruziga (nukuvuga imirasire yumucyo isigara murwego rurerure mugihe banyuze kuri silinderi) [89] [90] cyangwa munsi Inguni Kuri Shingiro. Muri ibi bihe byanyuma, umukororombya uhinduka ugereranije nibintu bisanzwe kuva igipimo cyiza cyo kugabanya ihinduka ryamazi (indangagaciro ya Bravais yo kugabanuka kumirasire ihindagurika ikoreshwa). [87] [88] Ubundi bushakashatsi bukoresha ibitonyanga bito bito, [53] [54] reba inyandiko hejuru. Umuco n'imigani Ingingo z'ingenzi: Umukororombya mu muco n'umukororombya mu migani Reba kandi: Ibendera ry'umukororombya (LGBT) Kwerekana umukororombya mu gitabo cy'Intangiriro Umukororombya uboneka kenshi mumigani, kandi wakoreshejwe mubuhanzi. Igitabo cya mbere kibaye umukororombya kiri mu gitabo cy'Intangiriro igice cya 9, mu rwego rw'inkuru y'umwuzure ya Nowa, aho ari ikimenyetso cy'isezerano ry'Imana ryo kutazongera kurimbura ubuzima bwose ku isi hamwe n'umwuzure ku isi. Mu migani ya Norse, ikiraro cy'umukororombya Bifröst gihuza isi y'abantu (Midgard) n'ubwami bw'imana (Asgard). Cuchavira yari imana y'umukororombya kuri Muisca muri Kolombiya y'ubu kandi igihe imvura yagwaga kuri savanna ya Bogotá yarangiye, abantu bamushimiye ko yatanze zahabu, udusimba na zeru. Bumwe mu buryo bw'Ababuda bo muri Tibet cyangwa Dzogchen bivuga umukororombya. Ubusanzwe leprechaun yo muri Irilande yihishe inkono ye ya zahabu mubisanzwe bivugwa ko ari ku musozo wumukororombya. Aha hantu ntibishoboka kuhagera, kuko umukororombya ningaruka nziza idashobora kwegerwa. Mu migani y'Abagereki, ikigirwamana Iris ni ishusho y'umukororombya, imana y'intumwa, kimwe n'umukororombya, uhuza isi ipfa n'imana binyuze mu butumwa. Umukororombya ugaragara mubutumwa bwiza - mubutumwa bwiza umukororombya ukwiye ugizwe n'imirongo 4 y'amabara (Cyangwa, Gules, Vert, Arijantine) impera ihagaze ku bicu. Ingero rusange mu ikoti ry'intwaro zirimo iy'imijyi ya Regen na Pfreimd, haba muri Bavariya, mu Budage; ya Bouffémont, mu Bufaransa; no mu mutwe wa 69 w'ingabo (New York) w'ingabo z’Amerika zirinda igihugu. Ibendera ry'umukororombya ryakoreshejwe mu binyejana byinshi. Cyari ikimenyetso cy’umutwe wa Koperative mu ntambara y’abahinzi b’Abadage mu kinyejana cya 16, amahoro mu Butaliyani, n’ubwibone bw’abahuje ibitsina ndetse n’imibereho ya LGBT kuva mu myaka ya za 70. Mu 1994, Arkiyepiskopi Desmond Tutu na Perezida Nelson Mandela bavuze ko Afurika y'Epfo ishingiye kuri demokarasi nyuma ya apartheid ari igihugu cy'umukororombya. Umukororombya wakoreshejwe kandi mubirango byibicuruzwa byikoranabuhanga, harimo ikirango cya mudasobwa ya Apple. Ihuriro ryinshi rya politiki rishingiye ku mashyaka menshi ya politiki biyise "Ihuriro ry'umukororombya". Kwerekana umukororombya byafashwe nka kirazira mu mico myinshi. Muri Arabiya Sawudite (no mu bindi bihugu bimwe na bimwe), abayobozi bafashe imyenda y'abana b'umukororombya n'ibikinisho (nk'ingofero, imisatsi, n'amakaramu, ntabwo ari amabendera gusa) [[:en:Rainbow|kanda aha ukurikirane aho byaturuts]] oq5yo94xjug1zwgd0a7dkftxrgo2uag 0 14111 139330 114912 2026-09-23T07:47:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139330 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Misamis Oriental 2023 floods.jpg|thumb|Umwuzure mu Burasirazuba bwa Misamis, Mutarama 2023 {| class="wikitable" |+ !Itariki: 18 Ukuboza 2022 - ubungubuAhantu: Bicol, Mimaropa, Visayas, Mindanao Impamvu: Shear line Abapfuye: 97 Ibikomere bidahitana abantu: 29 Ababuriwe irengero: 25 |} |344x344px]]   Ukuboza 2022, umwuzure watangiye kwibasira cyane intara za Misamis Occidental na Misamis Oriental, ndetse no mu bice bimwe na bimwe byo mu birwa bya Visayan muri [[Filipine]]. Umwuzure watewe n'imvura nyinshi, yaguye mu bice byo hagati no mu majyepfo y'igihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Death toll from torrential rain, floods in Philippines now at 13 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/12/27/death-toll-from-christmas-rains-floods-in-philippines-now-at-13 |access-date=December 28, 2022 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/philippine-death-toll-christmas-rains-floods-rises-13-2022-12-27/</ref> <ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1709454/fwd-13-dead-6-injured-as-shear-line-brings-rains-floods-in-parts-of-ph</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cueto |first=Francis Earl |date=December 28, 2022 |title=NDRRMC: 25 reported dead in Visayas-Mindanao floods |url=https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/12/28/news/ndrrmc-25-reported-dead-in-visayas-mindanao-floods/1871948/ |access-date=December 28, 2022 |website=The Manila Times |language=en}}</ref> == Impamvu == Ubuyobozi bwa serivisi ya Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) bwatangaje ko imvura yaguye yatewe no kugongana kw'imisate y'imiyaga iherereye mu turere twa Visayas na Mindanao. Imirongo y'imiyaga yakomeje kwerekeza mu burasirazuba bwa Visayas na CARAGA mu bice byo hagati n’amajyaruguru yigihugu. <ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1709451/fwd-shear-line-to-trigger-rain-over-palawan-visayas-mindanao</ref> <ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1715432/lpa-shear-line-to-bring-rain-across-ph-pagasa</ref> Ahantu h’umuvuduko muke hamwe n’amajyaruguru yuburasirazuba bw'imvura nayo yagize uruhare. <ref name="lpa-shear">https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/01/22/23/lpas-shear-line-to-bring-rains-in-visayas-and-mindanao</ref> Guhera ku ya 22 Mutarama 2023, imirongo y'imiyagaa iracyakomeza. <ref name="lpa-shear" /> == Ingaruka == Ubutegetsi bw'intara ya Misamis Occidental bwatangaje ko ari ibiza karemano (SOC) kuko bakiriye umwuzure wose. Imijyi ya Gingoog, Ozamiz, n'umurwa mukuru w'intara ya Oroquieta, ndetse n'amakomine akikije yibasiwe cyane n'umwuzure. <ref>https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/12/26/22/misamis-occidental-under-state-of-calamity-amid-floods</ref> Samar, Samari y'Amajyaruguru na Samari y'Uburasirazuba nabo batangaje SOC. <ref>https://www.rappler.com/nation/visayas/provinces-municipalities-declare-state-calamity-eastern-visayas-january-2023/</ref> <ref>https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/regions/857697/northern-samar-declares-state-of-calamity-due-to-heavy-rains/story/</ref> <ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1718144/samar-placed-under-state-of-calamity</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe kugabanya no guhangana n’ibiza ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20230121100643/https://monitoring-dashboard.ndrrmc.gov.ph/page/situation/effects-of-shear-line-2022 Ingaruka z'umurongo wogosha (2022)] ** [https://web.archive.org/web/20230118143102/https://monitoring-dashboard.ndrrmc.gov.ph/page/reports/effects-of-low-pressure-areas-northeast-monsoon-and-shear-line-2023 Ingaruka z'ahantu h'umuvuduko muke, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'imvura, no ku imirongo ya Shear (2023)] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ifkly3dvrojp9jglbep8ptrtzcskjse 0 14119 139447 135396 2026-09-23T09:45:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139447 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guhuza inshuro ebyiri''' ( '''DPM''' ) ni igishushanyo cyo guhuza (kwambuka) gikoreshwa mu bworozi bw'ibihingwa. Buri muntu ku giti cye yahujwe nabandi babiri. == Amahame == [[File:DPM.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Igishushanyo 1: gahunda ya DMP]] Igishushanyo cya 1 hahinduwe variant ya DPM irerekanwa. DPM nigishushanyo mbonera cyo guhuza muri gahunda yo korora iringaniye, aho hifuzwa umusanzu ungana kuri buri miturir y'ibyororoka. <ref>Rosvall, O. 1999. Enhancing Gain from Long-Term Forest Tree Breeding while Conserving Genetic Diversity. PhD-thesis. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae. Silvestria 109 65pp+4 chapters</ref> Hamwe na DPM umubare wimiryango mishya yashizweho uhwanye numubare wabantu bashakanye. DPM yemerera gukoresha neza uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza ibitsina kugirango ikoreshe neza aborozi borozi kugirango boherezwe mu busitani bwimbuto. <ref>Ruotsalainen, S. 2002. Managing breeding stock in the initiation of a long-term tree breeding program. PhD-thesis. Finnish Forest Research Institute, Research Papers 875., 95 + 61 p </ref> Ugereranije no guhuza ibitsina byombi, DPM ifite ibyiza ko genes ziva kumuntu zanduzwa ibisekuruza bizaza nubwo imwe mumisaraba yananiwe; ko igereranya ryizewe ryubworozi bwababyeyi rishoboka (ingirakamaro kumurima wimbuto, aho ibiti byapimwe bikundwa); kandi ko genes zabakurambere batandukanye zifite amahirwe meza yo guhuza. == Reba == {{Reflist}} d4dlq6v2avi7d1pbpkl5d9mqf99tuo6 0 14121 139277 91207 2026-09-23T07:37:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139277 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Elizabeti''' ( '''Sint Elisabethsvloed''' ) wo mu mwaka wa 1404 wabaye ku ya 19 Ugushyingo 1404 cyangwa hafi yawo, umunsi witiriwe Mutagatifu Elizabeti. Umwuzure wabaye mubi cyane muri Flanders, Zeeland na Hollande. Agace ka Zeeland na Flanders kari karengewe n’umwuzure mbere y'imyaka 29, ku ya 8 Ukwakira 1375.Kubera umwuzure, Braakman yararemwe ira naguka. Muri kariya gace gashya, paruwasi nshya n'imidugudu byatangiye kugaragara. Umwuzure wo mu 1404 wongeye gusenya ako gace, nk'uko byagenze mu 1375. Utundi turere mbere tutigeze dukoraho nk'imijyi mito ya IJzendijke na Hugevliet yarafashwe irasenywa mu gihe cy'umwuzure. Igihe umwuzure wabaye benshi barapfuye amazu arasenywa kubera umuburo mubi. Ku ya 19 Ugushyingo 1404, huzuyemo uduce twinshi twa Flanders, Zeeland, n'Ubuholandi. Inkubi y'umuyaga yaje kumenyekana kw'izina ry'umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Elizabeti wa mbere. Ibyangiritse byari bikomeye. Agace ka Zeeland-Flanders kari kamaze kurengerwa n’imyaka 29 mbere, mu 1375. Binyuze muri ibyo, Zuiderzee yaremewe. Hafi ya Zuiderzee, hashyizweho polders, kandi muri ibyo bikoresho, havutse paruwasi nshya. Kubwamahirwe macye, muri 1404, ibintu byose byongeye gusenywa. Kuriyi nshuro, akarwa kafatagwa nkubuturo bw'imigi mito mito nka Ijzendijke na Hugevliet, yarokotse umwuzure wari wabibasiriye mu mwaka wa 1375. <ref>{{Cite web |title=St. Elizabeth floods |url=http://www.deltawerken.com/St.-Elizabeth-floods-(1404,-1421)/303.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160327021512/http://www.deltawerken.com/St.-Elizabeth-floods-(1404,-1421)/303.html |archive-date=27 March 2016 |access-date=29 January 2006 |publisher=Deltawerken}}</ref> Mu ntara ya Flanders ibirwa byose byo ku nkombe mu kanwa ka Westerschelde byaratwawe. Nyuma yibi byago John Fearless, Duke wa Burgundy ( ''Jan zonder Vrees'' ) yatanze itegeko ryo guhuza imiyoboro yose yari isanzweho n'umuyoboro umwe munini warusanzweho waturukaga mumajyaruguru y'intara yerekeza mu majyepfo. Ibi birasobanura impamvu umuyoboro w'Ububiligi ugororotse. Kubera ko Jan zonder Vrees nayo yabazwe na Flanders, iyi dike iracyitwa Graaf Jansdijk  . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nethlands Timeline |url=http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/europe/netherlands/nltimeln.htm |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=worldatlas}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Umwuzure wa Mutagatifu Elizabeti (1421), umwuzure wabaye uwo munsi nyuma yimyaka 17. * Umwuzure mu Ubuholandi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Humlum |first=Ole |title=1404: First St. Elizabeth flood in northwest Europe |url=http://www.climate4you.com/ClimateAndHistory%201400-1499.htm#1404:%20First%20St.%20Elizabeth%20flood%20in%20northwest%20Europe |access-date=10 August 2011 |publisher=Climate4you.com}}</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> 2i3so1hax9dlnqqt580h6msnq231m4m 0 14141 139278 107249 2026-09-23T07:37:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139278 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+Umwuzure wa Storofsen !Itariki: Nyakanga 1789 Ahantu: Norway Abapfuye: 63 |}   [[Dosiye:Honefossen_06.07.2007-007.jpg|thumb|right|Umwuzure wabaye]] '''Storofsen''' - nanone yitwa ''Ofsen'' <ref>Changes in Flood Risk in Europe, p. 150. Ed. Zbigniew Kundzewicz. United Kingdom, CRC Press, 2019.</ref> - ni impanuka y’umwuzure yibasiye uburasirazuba bwa Noruveje muri Nyakanga 1789 aho abantu 63 baburiwe irengero, amazu ibihumbi yarasenyutse ndetse n’amatungo ibihumbi arapfa. Imigezi Glomma na Gudbrandsdalslågen zuzuyemo inkombe maze amazi y'ikiyaga cya Mjøsa azamuk muri metero icumi hejuru y'urwego rusanzwe. <ref name="snl">https://snl.no/Storofsen</ref> Imirimo y'umuringa ya Kvikne yangijwe cyane n'umwuzure, hafi ya byose birangira imikorere y'ikirombe ivaho. Umuhesha w’inkiko ( ''fogd'' ) muri Senja na Tromsøe witwa Jens Holmboe yateguye gutura mu kibaya cya Målselvdalen ahari kuzahinduka amakomine ya Målselv na Bardu. Abahinzi bo mu kibaya cya Gudbrand na Østerdalen bari baribasiwe n’umwuzure bimukiye mu majyaruguru hagati ya 1791 na 1800, Holmboe ifasha imiryango igera kuri mirongo ine ibaha ibikoresho n’inkunga. <ref name="AGS">Aschehoug og Gyldendals "Store norske leksikon". Norway, Kunnskapsforlaget, 1984.</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} maa312nsmdwvfyaetlv8fj2c252y6lx 0 14154 139279 92744 2026-09-23T07:37:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139279 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alyansa Tigil Mina''' (mu magambo ahinnye nka ATM, transl. <span>"Alliance to End Mining"</span> ) ni umuryango uharanira kurengera abaturage n’ibidukikije ingaruka mbi z’ibikorwa by’ icukura ry'amabuye y'agaciro muri [[Filipine|Philippines]]. Ni ihuriro rigizwe n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, amatsinda y’amatorero, n’ibigo by’amasomo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-17 |title=Alyansa Tigil Mina |url=https://www.tni.org/en/profile/alyansa-tigil-mina |access-date=2021-02-07 |website=Transnational Institute |language=en}}</ref> kandi ni ihuriro rinini riharanira kurwanya ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu gihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Philippines: A call to stop mining in Palawan |url=https://wrm.org.uy/articles-from-the-wrm-bulletin/section1/philippines-a-call-to-stop-mining-in-palawan/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=World Rainforest Movement}}</ref> Alyansa Tigil Mina yatangiye ari itsinda ridahwitse ryatangiye guterana mu 2004 kugira ngo rikemure ibibazo byugarije ibikorwa by’iterambere rirambye byatewe no kuvugurura ibikorwa by’amabuye y'agaciro muri Philippines. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Organizational History |url=https://www.alyansatigilmina.net/oorganizational-history |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-07 |website=Alyansa Tigil Mina |language=en}}</ref> Alyansa Tigil Mina yitabira ubukangurambaga bugamije kurengera ibidukikije n'uburenganzira bw'abasangwabutaka. Ihuriro risaba ko igihugu cyose cyahagarikwa ku bikorwa binini by’amabuye y'agaciro; gutora itegeko rindi ryerekeye ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro kimwe no gukuraho itegeko rigenga ubucukuzi bwa Philippine ryo mu 1995; no kwanga Gahunda ya Politiki y’igihugu yo kubyutsa ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro muri Filipine na gahunda y'ibikorwa by'amabuye y'agaciro. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=About Us |url=https://www.alyansatigilmina.net/about |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=Alyansa Tigil Mina |language=en}}</ref> Alyansa Tigil Mina yitabiriye ibikorwa bya Earth Strike mpuzamahanga bigamije kurwanya ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partners and Allies |url=https://globalclimatestrike.net/partners/ |access-date=2021-02-07 |website=Global Climate Strike |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-02-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210204073044/https://globalclimatestrike.net/partners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yifatanije kandi n’ibidukikije Gina Lopez n’andi matsinda mu gutangiza umukono wa "No to Mining in Palawan" mu mwaka wa 2011 nyuma y’iyicwa rya radiyo n’umuntu uharanira kurwanya ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y'agaciro Gerry Ortega. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Galarpe |first=Karen |date=2011-02-03 |title=Save Palawan movement launches 'No to Mining' campaign |url=https://news.abs-cbn.com/-depth/02/03/11/save-palawan-movement-launches-no-mining-campaign-0 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2021-02-08 |website=ABS-CBN News |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2021, Alyansa Tigil Mina yari mu matsinda 74 yashyize umukono ku ibaruwa yoherereje abayobozi ba Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’Umutungo Kamere kwamagana ubucukuzi bwa magnetite yo mu nyanja mu ntara ya Cagayan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cabico |first=Gaea Katreena |title=Groups oppose 'destructive' offshore mining project in Cagayan |url=https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2021/02/01/2074538/groups-oppose-destructive-offshore-mining-project-cagayan |access-date=2021-02-12 |website=Philstar.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-31 |title=Environmental groups thumb down magnetite mining in Cagayan |url=https://mb.com.ph/2021/01/31/environmental-groups-thumb-down-magnetite-mining-in-cagayan/ |access-date=2021-02-12 |website=Manila Bulletin |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ekt87ykbsjoo9jvf0bxv1y72jfkmjbj 0 14318 139255 137117 2026-09-23T07:31:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139255 wikitext text/x-wiki == Squacco Heron == [[Dosiye:Crabier chevelu.jpg|thumb|307x307px]] SQUACCO n'inyoni ntoya kandi ndende ifite ubunini (20-23cm ) 8-9 in) hamwe n'amababa, inkomoko yayo kera yororoka mu majyepfo y'uburayi no mu burengerazuba bwa hagati.[https://ebird.org/species/squher1] == Imyitwarire == Squacco Heron n'inyoni yadutse vuba mu birwa bya Fernando de Noranha, kandi ni gake cyane uzayibona ku mugabane wa amerika y'amajyepfo. [[Dosiye:Heron crabier MHNT.jpg|thumb]] Squacco ikaba ari inyoni ifite ijosi rigufi, gafite inguni nini ya Bufffer brown inyuma. Isura yayo ihindurwa mu guhaguruka, ikaba ifite ibara ryera cyane kubera ibara ry'amababa. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230604044839/https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/squacco-heron/] Squqcco Heron ikaba ikinda kororokera mu bishanga byo mu bihugu bishyuha Squacco Heron ikaba itera amagi 3-4. ikaba itungwa n'amafi ibikeri n'utundi dukoko [http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/22697123] == Imyororokere == SQUACCO ikaba ikunda kuba ahantu haba amazi meza mu burayi ndetse no muburasirazuba bwo hagati nkahantu ho korororera nyuma yimukira mu majyepfo mu karere ka afrika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara. iyi nyoni kandi ikaba isangiye imico nandi moko ya HERON nka pond heron yo mu buhindi na Malagacy pond heron y'amababa meza yorohereye [https://web.archive.org/web/20230225233603/http://www.biodiversityexplorer.info/birds/ardeidae/ardeola_ralloides.htm] [https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?avibaseid=CE73EBD7A90E9FCF] bq0r1d8cq71eyku5dio17av26f8lb7i 0 14320 139237 136658 2026-09-23T07:27:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139237 wikitext text/x-wiki == Goliath Heron == [[Dosiye:Ardea goliath -Lake Baringo, Kenya-8.jpg|thumb]] iyi n'inyoni yitiranwa n'igihangange Goliyati izwi kw'izina rya Goliath Heron, n'inyoni nini cyane yo mubwoko bwa Heron, ibone muri afrika yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa sahara,hamwe n'umubare muto uboneka mu majyepfo [[Dosiye:Goliath Heron (Ardea goliath) (6011656959).jpg|thumb|KAGOMA]] y'ubungerazuba bwa aziya y'Epfo.[https://www.oiseaux.net/birds/goliath.heron.html][https://web.archive.org/web/20131210223741/http://avis.indianbiodiversity.org/ciconiiformes-ardeidae-bitterns-herons-and-egrets/goliath-heron-ardea-goliath.html] == Imiterere == Uburebure bwayo ni (120-152 cm (3 ft 11in 5 ft 0 ) amababa yayo ni (185-230cm( 6 ft 7 ) uburemere ni 4-5 kg mu kuguruka Goliath ifite isura ikanganye kandi itandukanye nizindi Heron. [https://animaldiversity.org/site/accounts/information/Ardea%20goliath.html] ikaba ifite amaguru adafashe neza, igitsina gabo ndetse n igitsina gore birasa, byose bitwikiriye amababa y'umukara. umutwe n'igitereko cyayo, isura umugongo, impande z'ijosi. Goliath kandi ifite urusaku rurerure rwunvikanira hafi muri 2km, ifite ijwi rikarishye cyane kandi rirerire mugihe cyo kokoroka gihura cyane cyane nigihe cy'imvura nko mugushyingo kugeza muri werurwe.[https://web.archive.org/web/20230226013132/https://www.heronconservation.org/herons-of-the-world/list-of-herons/goliath-heron/] [https://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-goliath-heron.html] [https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/golher1/cur/introduction] 0y71v1bx70e1zofyq3ya6cylwdg3whx 0 14362 139331 137667 2026-09-23T07:47:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ibinyomoro.jpg|thumb|ibinyomoro.]] [[Dosiye:12_Banos_de_Aqua_Santa_(24).JPG|thumb|ubuhinzi bw'ibinyomoro]] [[Dosiye:La Boqueria.JPG|thumb|ibinyomboro nizindi mbuto]] == Gutegura umurima w'ibinyomoro == ==== Gutegura umurama ==== [[Dosiye:Culinary fruits front view.jpg|thumb]] Umurama cyangwa ingemwe z’ibinyomoro ugomba kuva ku biti bitarangwaho uburwayi. Birabujijwe gutera ingemwe zavuye ku murama uva ku biti birwaye kuko iyo uteye bene izo ngemwe zikunze gukwirakwiza uburwayi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://umutihealth.com/ibinyomoro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226175805/https://umutihealth.com/ibinyomoro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/ibinyomoro-imbuto-zirinda-zimwe-mu-ndwara-zikomeye-cyane</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/uburyo-ikirumugabo-yatejwe-imbere-abikesha-ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro</ref> '''Gutegura umurama uzatanga ingemwe''' Mu guhitamo aho umurama w’ibinyomoro uzaturuka ni ngombwa kwitondera ibi bikurikira : Hitamo igiti cy’ikinyomoro kitagaragaza uburwayi na buke cyakuze neza kandi cyera imbuto nyinshi kandi nini. [[Dosiye:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|Ikinyomoro]] Sarura imbuto z’ibinyomoro zeze neza zidafite ubusembwa zahishije neza Mbere yo kuzikata(kuzisatura) banza uzironge mu mazi arimo Jik (urugero 1 rwa Jik mu ngero 3 z’amazi) cyangwa amazi arimo umunyu w’igisoryo. Ibi byica indwara zaba ziri ku gishishwa cy’inyuma. Satura imbuto z’ibinyomoro mo kabiri uvanemo imbuto zivanze n’umutobe ukoresheje ikiyiko. Hanyuma ubishyire mu icupa ripfundikirwa won-geremo amazi upfundikire, hanyuma uhugutisha imbuto (ubuhwa) zivanze n’umurenda, Imbuto zimaze guhuguta zirongwa mu mazi arimo javeli (5%). Imbuto umaze kuronga zishyire mu gacucu mu ibase cyangwa mu gatambaro gasukuye uzishyire mu gacucu ku buryo zikamukamo amazi. Ibyo birangiye umurama uragosorwa.Umurama ubonetse ushobora guhita uhumbikwa cyangwa ukabikwa ahantu hahehereye.<ref name=":0" /> Imbuto zibikwa ahantu hahehereye mu mabaha-sha y’impapuro ariko nturenze amezi 3 utarazitera kuko iyo arenze ntizimera kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kumera (pouvoir germinatif) bw’umurama bugenda bugabanuka cyane.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226175805/https://www.urwego.com/2015/01/ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gutera no kwita ku binyomoro === [[Dosiye:GROUND NUT FIELD.jpg|thumb|247x247px|Umurima w'ibinyomoro]] [[Dosiye:Nsr-slika-334 (2).png|thumb|201x201px|Mikorobe ya Oidium sp itera uburwayi bwa powederly milew kubinyomoro]] Umurima mushya w’ibinyomoro ushyirwa kure y’umurima ushaje bishobotse hagashyirwaho uruzitiro rw’ibiti (haie vive) rutandukanya iyo mirima yombi.Ni ngombwa gutera ingemwe z’ibinyomoro igihe imvura itangiye kugwa kugira ngo bishobore gufata neza. Ibi bikorwa mu kwezi kwa nzeri n’ukwakira. Ibinyomoro biterwa mu mirongo bitandukanyijwe n’intera iri hagati ya m 1 na 1,5 m hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 4.5-5.0 hagati y’umurongo n’undi. Iyi ntera ituma ibinyomoro bidacucikirana mu murima kandi igabanya ikwirakwiza ry’indwara kandi ituma gutera umuti byoroha.Ku ntera ya metero 1.5 hagati y’igiti n’ikindi na metero 2 hagati y’imirongo haterwa nibura ingemwe 1450 kuri hegitari. Hashyirwaho ifumbire ingana na garama 80 za NPK 17-17-17 n’ibiro 30 by’ifumbire y’imborera ku giti.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubuhinzi/ubuhinzi/article/akijijwe-n-ubuhinzi-bw-ibinyomoro-nyuma-yo-gusaba-akazi-inshuro-41-akakabura</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/akamaro-gahambaye-ko-kurya-ibinyomoro-buri-munsi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-26 |archive-date=2023-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230226175806/https://yegob.rw/akamaro-gahambaye-ko-kurya-ibinyomoro-buri-munsi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Indwara n’uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko ku binyomoro === === Indwara n’ibyonnyi === Ikibazo gikunze kugaragara cyane mu binyomoro ni indwara yitwa powederly milew iterwa na mi-korobe zo mu bwoko bw’ubuhumyo zitwa Oidium sp bikagabanywa no gutera insecticide ivanze n’is-abune cyangwa imiti ikomoka kuri neem. Hari kandi inzoka z’ibihingwa (nematodes iterwa n’inzoka yitwa Meloidogyne sp), root rot (kubora kw’imizi) cyangwa crown rot iterwa na phyo-tophthora sp) no kuraba biterwa na pseudomonas solanacearum.Kwita neza ku murima uteyemo ibinyomoro big-abanya izi ndwara.<ref name=":1" /><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7S1cUs23fh4</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Imbuto]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiribwa]] palj0zt8v229st77ickyfxq3qmtz83i 0 14389 139212 127453 2026-09-23T07:20:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139212 wikitext text/x-wiki == Lesser Flamingo == Lesser flamingo n'ubwoko bw'inyoni iboneka munsi y'u[[Ubutayu bwa sahara|butayu]] bwa sahara. mu burengerazuba bw'[[ubuhinde]], rimwe na rimwe inyoni zivugwa ziturutse mu majyaruguru gusa muri rusange zifatwa nk'inzererezi.[https://ebird.org/species/lesfla1] == Ibiranga == [[Dosiye:Lesser Flamingo (Phoenicopterus minor) - Flickr - Lip Kee.jpg|thumb]] Lesser Flamingo n'ubwoko buto bwa flamingo, nubwo ari inyoni nto ndende kandi nini ibipimo yayo buri bwoko bwayo bushobora gupima kuva (1.2-2.7kg (2.6 0.6ib) uburebure buhagaze ni (80 kuri 90 Cm (31 to 35 in) amababa yayo apima (90to 105 cm (31to35in) amenshi kuri plumonage ni umweru wijimye, itandukaniro rigaragara hagati yibi binyabuzima na Flamingo nini, amoko yonyine agaragara mw.isi ya kera ya flamingo, ni umukara mwinshi cyane kuri fagiture, ingano ntigufasha cyane kereka niba ubwoko buri hamwe, kuberako ibitsina bya buri bwoko nabyo bitandukanye uburebure. ubwoko bwazimiye phoeniconaias proeses mu bwoko bumwe kuva muri pliocene yo muri ositarariya kuko bwari buto [http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/lesser-flamingo-phoeniconaias-minor/text][https://www.worldwildlife.org/magazine/issues/winter-2019/articles/protecting-the-habitats-of-lesser-flamingos-in-east-africa] Flamingo ntoya ishobora kuba ubwoko bwinshi bwa flamingo, hamwe n'abaturage (inyoni), birashoboka ko bagera kluri miliyoni ebyiri zinyoni. ububwoko bugaburirwa cyane cyane kuri spirulina, algea, ikura gusa mu biyaga bya alkaline.kuba hari amatsinda hafi y,amazi yerekana amazi ya alkaline idakwiriye gukoreshwa mu kuhira. nubwo harimo ibara by'ubururu n'icyatdi kibisi algea irimo pigment photocientetic iha inyoni ibara ryijimye.[https://animalia.bio/lesser-flamingo][https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Phoeniconaias_minor/] == Inyamaswa == [[Dosiye:Lesser Flamingos I - Chilika IMG 9298.jpg|thumb]] Flamingo ntoya yibasirwa n'ubwoko butandukanye, harimo ingurube za mahabou, ibisiga,amafi manini yo muri [[afurika]] yepfo, ingunzu, impyisi,[[imbwebwe]], pelican nini yera, Eagle martial,nijyagwe nini Muri afrika uho usanga ari nyinshi flamingo yororoka cyane mucyiyaga cya narton kiri mu majyaruguru ya [[tanzaniya]], ahandi yororoka murin afurika ni ahitwa etosho plan, ubworozi bwazo bwanyuma bwemejwe aftout et saheli muri muritaniya kunkombe z'inyanja ni 1965. ubworozi bwabereye kukiyaga cya magadi muri [[kenya]] mu 1962 igihe ikiyaga cya narton kitari gikwiye kubera umwuzure, muntangiriro y'ikinyejana cya 20 ubworozi byagaragaye ku kiyaga cya Nakuru ubu bwoko kandi bwororoka mu majyepfo no mumajyaruguru ya [[aziya]] mu 1974, ariko kuva icyo gihe gusa muri zunzuwadia urugendo rw'inyoni zimwe na zimwe ruba hagati ya afrika n ubuhinde.kimwe na flamingo zose zitera amagi imwe ya chalky yera kukirunga bubaka ibyondo. inyoni zifatanya na creshe nyuuma yo kubyara rimwe na rimwe zikaba zirenga 100,000, [[Dosiye:Phoeniconaias minor MHNT 226 RdN Aftout Es Saheli Mauritanie.jpg|thumb]] ingendo zazo zishobora kugera kuri (20mi (30km).[https://seaworld.org/animals/facts/birds/lesser-flamingo/][http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/lesser-flamingo-phoeniconaias-minor] == Kubungabunga == Inyoni zo mubiyaga bibiri byingenzi byo muri afurika by'iburasirazuba,Nakuru na Bogoria, zagize ingaruka mbi zikekwahho uburozi bukabije, mugihe agace kibanze ku bworozi muri afrika mu kiyaga cya narton kurubu kibangamiwe n'uruganda rwa soda ryakozwe na tata cj=hemicals, ahantu honyine ho kororera muri Afurika yepfo, giherereye ku rugomero rwa kamfers,hugarijwe n'imyanda ndetse n'iterambere ryangiza.[https://www.flamingos-world.com/lesser-flamingo/][https://www.britannica.com/animal/lesser-flamingo] t8cbqfj402172yrj5gkhrbtlwbo7hhr 0 14428 139263 125119 2026-09-23T07:33:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139263 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Pollution by a factory on the bank of the Buriganga near Dhaka 01.jpg|thumb|Imyuka iva munganda nayo Ituma ikirere gihumana |288x288px]] Imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubukungu nk'ubwikorezi, ingufu, inganda, ndetse no mu masoko karemano nko mu kuruka kw'ibirunga, inkubi y'umuyaga, n'umuriro. Ubwiza bwiza bwikirere bugira uruhare runini mubuzima bw'ubuzima bw'abantu no kubidukikije.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/our-work/link/air#:~:text=In%20Rwanda%2C%20air%20pollutants%20are,%2C%20dust%20storms%2C%20and%20wildfires. |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-28 |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228140229/https://www.rema.gov.rw/our-work/link/air#:~:text=In%20Rwanda%2C%20air%20pollutants%20are,%2C%20dust%20storms%2C%20and%20wildfires. |url-status=dead }}</ref> 2022 wabaye umwaka utoroshye, mpeshyi yaho hagaragaye ubushyuhe bwinshi cyane mu bice binini byo mu majyaruguru y'isi, byerekana ko byihutirwa gukomeza kugenzura ihindagurika ry’ikirere. Gutinya ejo hazaza akenshi bituma abantu bava mubibazo, kuko bumva biteguye gukora ikintu icyo aricyo cyose kugirango icyo kibazo gikemuke. Ubumenyi bw'ikirere burasobanutse neza kuburyo kuri buri gice cyahantu hashyuha bashobora gukumirwa ingaruka z'ubwo bushyuhedu kugira ngo ubuzima bukomeze kugenda neza. Ibyo bivuze ko hari ibyakorwa kugirango tugabanye ibyangiza ikirere.<ref>https://www.goodenergy.co.uk/positive-climate-news/</ref> [[Dosiye:Litter.JPG|thumb|Imyanda ]] [[Dosiye:Borewll_drilling_dust_pollution.jpg|thumb|Imyuka yanduye ]] [[Dosiye:WaterPollutionDeule2006_02_24.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] [[Dosiye:Kota umuriro.jpg|thumb|Gutwika Imyanda nabyo biri mubihumanya ikirere dutuye]] == Ibihumanya ikirere == Ibihumanya ikirere harimo; * Gutwika ibintu bitandukanya * Imyuka iva mu nganda * Imyuka iva mubinyabiziga * Gutera imiti yica udukoko<ref>https://www.aqi.in/blog/here-are-the-10-main-causes-of-air-pollution/</ref>[[Dosiye:Polution_des_eaux_10.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] == Ingaruka z'ikirere gihumanye ku buzima bw'umuntu == [[Dosiye:Air pollution, bord du Canal de l'Esplanade, fumée noire, inversion atmosphérique Lille Bois Citadelle 25 février 2019a 04.jpg|thumb|Imyuka ihumanya ikirere]] Ikirere kimeze neza kandi kidahumanye, kigatanga umwuka mwiza abantu bahumeka ubuzima bukaba bwiza. Raporo y’Ishamiry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) igaragaza ko buri mwaka abantu miliyoni enye n’ibihumbi magana abiri (4,200,000) bapfa bazize indwara ziterwa no guhumeka umwuka wanduye zirimo iz’umutima, kanseri y’ibihaha n’izindi ndwara zifata mu myanya y’ubuhumekero cyane cyane ku bana.<ref>https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/air-quality-and-health/ambient-air-pollution</ref> <ref name=":0">https://www.environment.gov.rw/news-detail/umunsi-mpuzamahanga-wumwuka-mwiza-nikirere-gikeye-minisitiri-wibidukikije-arasaba-buri-munyarwanda-kwita-ku-buziranenge-bwumwuka-duhumeka-1</ref> Ubwiza bw’ikirere bufitanye isano rya hafi n’ikirere cy’isi n’ibinyabuzima ku isi. Benshi mu bashoferi bahumanya ikirere (ni ukuvuga gutwika ibicanwa bya fosile) nabo ni isoko y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. Politiki yo kugabanya ihumana ry’ikirere rero, itanga ingamba zakamaro haba ku kirere ndetse n’ubuzima, bikagabanya umutwaro w’indwara ziterwa n’ ’ikirere gihumanye, ndetse no kugira uruhare mu kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu gihe cya vuba kandi kirekire.<ref>https://www.who.int/health-topics/air-pollution#tab=tab_1</ref> [[Dosiye:Environmental_pollution_(water_pollution).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Environmental_pollution_of_zhangzhou1.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Polution_des_eaux_2.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] [[Dosiye:La_pollution_urbaine.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] == Ibyavuze na Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije  Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne D’Arc == Minisitiri w’Ibidukikije  Dr Mujawamariya Jeanne D’Arc yasambye buri munyarwanda cyane cyane abatuye Umujyi wa Kigali kugira icyo akora kugira ngo umwuka duhumeka urusheho kuba mwiza. Yagize ati “ndahamagarira buri munyarwanda cyane cyane abatuye Umujyi wa Kigali kwitabira kugenda mu modoka za rusange, kugenda n’amaguru aho bishoboka, kureka gucana amakara n’inkwi bagatekesha gazi n’izindi ngufu zitangiza ikirere no gutera ibiti ahashobooka hose.”<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Polution_des_eaux_11.jpg|thumb|Imyanda ]] == Ibyakorwa kugirango tugabanye ihumanywa ry'ikirere == Umuti wo guca umwanda wigihe gito urashobora gushyirwa mubikorwa uyumunsi. Byose bishingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rihari kandi birashobora gukorwa nta kiguzi cyangwa gito. Hari ibikorwa byashyirwa mu bikorwa kugirango hagabanywe iyangirika ry'ikirere. Muribyo bikorwa harimo; kugabanya metani iva mu myanda (harimo imyanda y'ibiribwa) n'ubuhinzi; kugabanya ibyuka byangiza imyuka iva mu guteka mu rugo, gucana no gushyushya, no kuri moteri ikora cyane mu makamyo, bisi n'amato; no kugabanya imyuka ya metani iva mu bicuruzwa bya peteroli na gaze.<ref>https://www.ccacoalition.org/en/content/short-lived-climate-pollutants-and-health</ref> [[Dosiye:Particulate_matter_air_pollution_has_numerous_sources_both_natural_and_human-produced.webp|thumb]] == Amashakiro == <references /> b95fflhr9sso13gf9z72st3aty3ttei 0 14444 139119 113202 2026-09-23T02:38:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139119 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cucumbers 1.jpg|thumb|198x198px|Cocombre.]] Mu myaka 1000 ishize, nibwo mu Buhinde havumbuwe igihingwa cyeraga imbuto zitari zizwi icyo gihe, niko kuzita cocombre. Uru urubuto abatari bakeya bakunze kurwita imboga bitewe n’uko babibona cyangwa se uko babisanze. == Aho zihingwa == Ugiye mu murima aho zihingwa, cocombre zishobora gufata ibara ry’igitare cyangwa se icyatsi, usanga akenshi ziburungushuye kandi ari ndende, zikera ku gihingwa kirandaranda ku butaka kiboneka mu bice bitandukanye by’isi. Ubusanzwe cocombre zikwiriye kuribwa ari mbisi, bikaba byiza cyane iyo zidahaswe kubera ko burya muri kiriya gishishwa kijugunywa habonekamo intungamubiri zitari nkeya. == Akamaro == [[Dosiye:Climbing cucumber plant.jpg|thumb|Uko bahinga cocombre]] Hari imvugo zitandukanye zikoreshwa mu kwerekana akamaro k’uru rubuto ku buzima bwa muntu aho uzasanga mu ndimi z’amahanga bagira bati ‘cool as cucumber’bashaka kwerekana uburyo izi mbuto zituma ugubwa neza ndetse ugaca ukubiri n’icyokere mu gihe waziriye. Uru rubuto ni ingenzi cyane ku buzima bwa muntu ku buryo inzobere zitandukanye mu by’Ubuvuzi n’Ubuzima zikugira inama yo kuba wazajya uzirya buri munsi bigushobokeye. N’ubona Cocombre yatangiye kuzana ibara ry’umuhondo cyangwa se yanambye aho uhahira,uzitondere kuyigura kuko ishobora kukugiraho ingaruka zitari nziza. Dore bimwe mu binyabutabire,intungamubiri ndetse n’imyunyungugu biboneka muri Cocombre 1 mbisi. Harimo nkaVitamins; Thiamine(B1) : haba harimo 0.027 mg akaba 2% mu bigize cocombre uko yakabaye, Riboflavin : 0.33 mg, Niacin : 0.098 mg, B3:0.259 mg, Vitamin B6 : 0.04 mg, Vitamin C : 2.8 mg ndetse na Vitamin K, tutibagiwe na B9 n’ubwo zibonekamo ku rugero rwo hasi cyane. [[Dosiye:Cucumis sativus Bjørn20200206 16573.jpg|thumb]] Mu myunyungugu iboneka muri cocombre harimo Calcium, Iron(Ubutare), Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorous, Potassium, Sodium ndetse na Zinc. Igitangaje ni uko 95.23% by’ibigize uru rubuto ari amazi ndetse akaba n’imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru ituma uru rubuto ruba ingirakamaro. Nubwo ishobora kuribwa ihase cyangwa se idahase, cocombre zirimo amoko menshi; usanga amwe bayakatakata bakayarya mu ma salade cyangwa se ikaribwa nyuma y’amafunguro mu rwego rwo gusukura mu kanwa. == Impamvu tugomba kurya Cocombre == === Kwirinda umwuma === [[Dosiye:Cucumis sativus Bjørn20200206 16567.jpg|thumb]] Nk’uko twabibonye haruguru,95.23 % by’ibigize cocombre ni amazi. Uretse amazi kandi,izi mbuto zikungahaye cyane ku yandi matembabuzi afasha umubiri kurwanya umwuma mu gihe cy’ubushyuhe ndetse no mu gihe urimo gukora imyitozongororamubiri. Ku bashaka guhorana itoto ku ruhu rwabo bakangurirwa gukunda izi mbuto nk’uko medicalnewstoday.com ikomeza ibigarukaho. Uretse kuba bitera amara yawe gukora neza,kugira amazi ahagije mu mubiri wawe bikurinda impatwe ndetse bigatuma impyiko zawe zirushaho gukora neza. Abantu bakunda gusatagurika iminwa,igacika ibisebe ndetse n’abahorana inyota bagirwa inama yo kurushaho gufata cocombre. Muganga ashobora kuba yaragusabye kuzajya unywa amazi menshi bitewe n’indwara urwaye cyangwa se imiterere y’umubiri wawe ariko ukumva ugiye kunanirwa,nyamara ufashe amazi ukayavanga na cocombre n’ibibabi by’igihingwa cyitwa”mint” ;yagira icyanga ukarushaho kuyakunda cyane. === Ubuzima bw’amagufwa === [[Dosiye:Mother's remedies; over one thousand tried and tested remedies from mothers of the United States and Canada (1916) (14761993664).jpg|thumb|135x135px|Cocombre ifasha mu kubungabunga amagufwa.]] Kuba umuntu afata ingano ikwiriye ya Vitamin K ni imwe mu ngingo yatuma amagufwa ye akomera. Agakombe kamwe ka Cocombre habonekamo micrograms8.5 zonyine. The Office of Dietary Supplements itangaza ko Abagore bafite kuva ku myaka 19 bagomba gufata micrograms 90 za Vitamin K naho abagabo bagafata micrograms 120. Cocombre kandi ikungahaye kuri Calcium nayo igira uruhare runini mu gukomera kw’amagufwa. === Kwirinda Kanseri === Nk’uko ikomoka mu muryango w’ibihingwa witwa Cucurbitaceae,Cocombre ikungahaye ku kinyabutabire kitwa Cucurbitacins, gituma uturemengingo dutera Kanseri dupfa ndetse ntitwiyongere mu mubare. Muri izi mbuto,habonekamo Cucurbitacins A, B, C, D ndetse na E.Nubwo iki kinyabutabire kitaratangira gukoreshwa nk’umuti uvura Kanseri,ubushakashatsi burakomeje mu rwego rwo gususzuma neza ubushobozi bwacyo butuma ububyimba buturuka kuri Kanseri budakura. === Kwirinda indwara z’umutima === [[Dosiye:Cucumis sativus 0003.JPG|thumb]] Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe kwiga ku ndwara z’umutima (American Heart Association) gikomeje gukangurira abantu kurya amafunguro akungahaye kuri Fibers kuko zirwanya kwirundanya kw’ibinyamavuta mu mubiri ndetse bikarinda inwara z’umutima zishobora kuririra aho. Cocombre ni isoko nziza ya Fibers cyane cyane izo ku ruhu. Iki kigo cy’Abanyamerika gikangurira abantu kwirinda kurya umunyungugu wa Sodium kuko wongera umuvuduko w’amaraso, ahubwo bagakunda ibiribwa bikungahaye kuri Potassium birimo na Cocombre. === Kwirinda Diabetes === [[Dosiye:Cucumis sativus 15-p.bot-cucu.sati-07.jpg|thumb]] Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko Cocombre zafasha mu kurwanya ndetse no kurinda imibiri yacu Diyabete.Cocombre kimwe na watermelons n’ibindi biribwa tutavuze ubu, bikungahaye kuri Cucurbita ficifolia; ikinyabutabire gifasha umubiri mu kugabanya amasukari. Impamvu nyamukuru ibyihishe inyuma, ni uko cya kinyabutabire cyitwa Cucurbitacins kigenda kigakora ku mvubura zishinzwe kurekura umusemburo witwa ‘Insulin’ari nawo ugira uruhare mu kugabanya isukari mu mubiri. Ikindi cy’ingenzi ukwiriye kumenya ni uko, cocombre zitanga intungamubiri ariko zitongera ibinyamasukari mu mubiri. === Kubungabunga ubwiza bw’uruhu rwawe === [[Dosiye:Cucumis sativus 0004.JPG|thumb]] Cocombre ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya uburibwe no kubyimbirwa ku ruhu rwawe. Hari igihe ujya ubyuka amaso yawe yabyimbye ? Jya wifashisha agace ka Cocombre mu gukemura iki kibazo. Uzafata agace gato ka cocombre ;hanyuma ukarambike ku maso yawe ukamazeho igihe gito. Niba ushaka ko uruhu rwawe ruba rworoshye; mbese rudakanyaraye kandi inkovu z’ibishishi ufite mu isura zigakira,fata umutobe wa cocombre na Yoghurt bingana ubivange hanyuma uzajye ukora masike mu maso yawe,ubimazeho iminota mike kandi ntubikore rimwe ngo uhite urekera aho. == Ibindi == Kuri ubu,Cocombre wayibona ku masoko hafi ya yose yo mu Rwanda ku giciro gishimishije. Sigasira amagara : akenshi twita ku bidafitiye imibiri yacu umumaro kandi nyamara ugasanga binahenze cyane kuruta ibyatuma tugira amahoro. Kubaho ni rimwe nk’uko bivugwa, fata iya mbere ubisangize abo ukunda. == Reba == <ref>https://umuryango.rw/ad-restricted/article/sobanukirwa-akamaro-ko-kurya-cocombre-ku-buzima-bwawe</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230228220344/https://www.agakiza.org/Mbese-waba-uzi-akamaro-ka-cocombre.html</ref> 6r79rx5eoorl6rawwrlb22zmjwa4x0f 0 14479 139303 137628 2026-09-23T07:43:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139303 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Niyifasha Didace''' ni umunyamakuru w'imikino wabigize umwuga wakoreye ibitangazamakuru byinshi  hose yavugaga amakuru y’imikino na [[siporo]], haba ibinyamakuru byandika twavuga icyitwa Ishema cyangwa radio, harimo nka RadioTV10, aza nogukomeza gukora kuri radio na televivion ikorera kigali yitwa Isango Star TV.. Niyibizi Didace ni Umuyobozi wa Radio Inkoramutima. Niyibizi Didace akaba ari umwe mu banyamakuru bitabiriye amarushanwa ya groove awards yategutwaga kugiranngo hatoranye umunyamakuru mwiza muri 2015, ndetse Niyibizi Didace yaje no kwegukana igihembo cyi ikiganiro cya televiziyo cy’umwaka cyakozwe cyikanyura kuri Isango Star TV. Niyibizi Didace akaba aherutse gusoza amasomo ya kaminuza mu ishuri ry'itangazamakuru ICK rikorera i Muhanga.<ref><nowiki>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/49649/a-day-in-the-lifeadidace-niyifasha</nowiki> </ref><ref>https://cpj.org/2011/08/rwandan-paper-calls-president-a-sociopath-apologiz/</ref><ref>https://www.rba.co.rw/post/RBA-yahise-ibindi-bitangazamakuru-mu-bihembo-byatanzwe-ku-munsi-mpuzamahanga-wubwisanzure-bwitangazamakuru</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Ibyo-wakwibukira-kuri-Shyaka-Clever-Intwari-yaratabarutse-Imyaka-11-irashize |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301040830/https://genesisbizz.com/Ibyo-wakwibukira-kuri-Shyaka-Clever-Intwari-yaratabarutse-Imyaka-11-irashize |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/65735/urutonde-rw-abamaze-gutangaza-ko-batazitabira-groove-awards--65735.html</ref><ref>https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20200706131307339</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/siporo/article/yakuyemo-inkweto-ararambya-ibihe-bya-nyuma-by-umunyamakuru-w-imikino-shyaka-claver-umaze-imyaka-12-yitabye-imana</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://panorama.rw/rwandan-journalists-launch-investment-company-seek-self-reliance/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301040831/https://panorama.rw/rwandan-journalists-launch-investment-company-seek-self-reliance/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/imyaka-5-irashize-umunyamakuru</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/insengero-nizifungurwa-hari-amadini-n-amatorero-ashobora-gutakaza-abayoboke</ref><ref>https://rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/maputo-amavubi-yakoze-urugendo-rwo-kunanura-imitsi-amafoto</ref><ref>https://integonews.com/amabanki-nta-cyizere-afitiye-itangazamakuru/</ref><ref>http://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-15-52-11842-1html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042341/https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://radiotv10.rw/abanyamakuru-babanyabigwi-barimo-barore-mbangukira-na-maurice-barangije-kaminuza/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/bimwe-mu-byaranze-ubuzima-bwa-nyuma-bwumunyamakuru-shyaka-clever-witabye-imana-bitunguranye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301040955/https://yegob.rw/bimwe-mu-byaranze-ubuzima-bwa-nyuma-bwumunyamakuru-shyaka-clever-witabye-imana-bitunguranye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301042341/https://ibendera.com/akari-ku-mutima-wa-bamwe-mu-banyamakuru-bamazina-abyibushye-mu-rwanda-basoje-amasomo-yabo-muri-ick/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru ba siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] 5r4n0evco6exyogmpgoqlx0602w09yl 0 14512 139238 120436 2026-09-23T07:27:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139238 wikitext text/x-wiki == shoe bill == [[Dosiye:Schuhschnabel (Balaeniceps rex).jpg|thumb]] Shoe bill ni inyoni izwi kwizina rya whalebill,[https://www.explorerwandatours.com/travel-blog/shoebill-stork-size-and-facts.html] [[igiti]] cy'umutwe wa balaine, ninyoni nini cyane ifite amaguru maremare cyane, ifite uburyo bumwe gusa [[File:Shoe-Bill, from the Birds of the Tropics series (N5) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands MET DP829123.jpg|thumb|Shoe-Bill, from the Birds of the Tropics series (N5) for Allen & Ginter Cigarettes Brands MET DP829123]] n'ubunini muri rusange kandi bwabanje gushyirwa hamwe naza heron [https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/shoebill] muburyo bwa coconiforms bushingiye kuri moriforojiya nyamara ibimenyetso bya genetike biyishyira hamwe na pelicans na herons muri peticanforms inyoni nkuru ifite ibara risa nimvi, yibera muri tropic. afrika y'iburengerezub mubishanga binii kuza [[afurika]] yepfo kugeza zambia. [https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/shoebill][https://www.britannica.com/animal/shoebill] dd2lht286xrys50oog4do0cb0jocue9 0 14535 139120 113030 2026-09-23T02:38:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139120 wikitext text/x-wiki Kurya Kokombure ni byiza cyane ku buzima bw’umuntu,cyane cyane kuyirya nka salade kuko ibasha kurinda umubiri w’umuntu indwara nyinshi zirimo n’iz’akarande. [[Dosiye:Cucumbers 1.jpg|thumb|urubuto rwa kokombure]] == Ibyo wamenya kuri Kokombure == [[Dosiye:Komkommer Cucumis sativus 'Melita'.jpg|thumb|ubwoko bwa kokombre|294x294px]] [[Dosiye:Korean cucumber 1.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bwa kokombure|224x224px]] Bimwe mubyo Imana yaremye ntabwo tujya dusobanukirwa nuko twabyivurisha kandi yarabiduhaye ahubwo tukabifata uko bitari bigatuma duhura n’uburwayi twiteye bamwe bayita urubuto abandi bakayita imboga biterwa nuko ushaka kuyirya ,Cocombre (soma kokombure) cg cucumber mu cyongereza, ni rumwe mu mbuto zifatiye runini ubuzima bwacu bwa buri munsi. Ni mu gihe kuko ikize ku ntungamubiri, imyunyungugu na vitamini zitandukanye zifasha umubiri mu mikorere myiza buri munsi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rebero.co.rw/2018/07/16/urubuto-rwa-kokombure-ku-ubuzima-bwacu-na-kamaro-karwo/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301145613/http://www.rebero.co.rw/2018/07/16/urubuto-rwa-kokombure-ku-ubuzima-bwacu-na-kamaro-karwo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>Nubwo kokombure ikunda kenshi kubarwa mu cyiciro cy’imboga, siko biri kuko ari imbuto. Kokombure zibarizwa mu muryango umwe na watermelon kimwe n’ibihaza, witwa cucurbitacease.Hari impamvu nyinshi ugomba kurya kokombure kenshi (ubishoboye buri munsi)kuko ikize kuri vitamini K, za B zitandukanye, C n’imyunyu ngugu itandukanye, biguha ubushobozi bwo kwirinda indwara nyinshi zitandukanye zirimo izibasira umutima.Kokombure ikungahaye kuri polyphenols, zigabanya cyane ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’ibere, iya prostate, iy’umura, ndetse n’iyi mirerantanga. Kokombure kandi inakize ku zindi ntungamubiri zitwa cucurbitacins, zifitemo ubushobozi bwo kurwanya kanseri.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article2467 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2020-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200108152048/http://www.agasaro.com/spip.php?article2467 |url-status=dead }}</ref>kokombure ifasha umubiri kutagira umwuma cyane cyane mu bihe by’izuba. Udusate twa kokombure watugereranya n’ikirahuri cy’amazi,Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko ibiyigize birinda kubyimbirwa, binafasha uruhu kugumana itoto, ikarinda iminkanyari no gusohora imyanda mu mubiri.Kokombure zikungahaye ku bintu 2 by’ingenzi cyane mu mikorere myiza y’igifu; amazi na fibre. Kurya kokombure nka salade cg se kuyikoramo umutobe, bishobora kuguha igipimo gikwiriye ukeneye buri munsi cya fibres. Niba ukunda kugira ikibazo cy’ikirungurira ugomba kumenya ko kunywa amazi menshi ari uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya aside iba yabaye nyinshi mu gifu, ibi kokombure ishobora kubigufashamo.Uruhu rwa kokombure rukungahaye cyane kuri fibres, zifasha cyane mu igogora ry’ibiryo no kwihutisha ibiryo mu rwungano ngogozi bigatuma bisohoka vuba, bityo bikakurinda kwituma impatwe.Niba ujya ugira ikibazo cyo guhumura nabi mu kanwa, kokombure yagufasha cyane. Ufata agace gakase kayo ukagashyira mu kanwa mu gice cyo hejuru, bifasha kwirukana bagiteri zitera impumuro mbi. Kurya kokombure bizwiho na none kugabanya ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gifu; iyi akaba ari imvano ya mbere y’impumuro mbi mu kanwa.<ref name=":0" />Kokombure ifasha mu kurwanya ububyimbirwe mu mubiri, irwanya kuribwa mu ngingo, goute na rubagimpande.Kokombure izwiho gufasha mu gusa neza k’uruhu, gukomera kw’inzara n’imisatsi, irinda kuma kw’iminwa no ku bari n’abategarugori izwiho kongera ububobere bwabo.Kokombure ni isoko nziza ya potasiyumu, iyi igabanya umuvuduko ukabije w’amaraso. Urugero rukwiye rwa potasiyumu mu mubiri yaba imbere mu turemangingo cg hanze yatwo, ni ingenzi mu mikorere myiza y’umutima. [[Dosiye:Vegetables and Fruits served sliced on various plates.jpg|thumb|cucumber|227x227px]] == Kokombure ikungahaye kuri Vitamini == * [[Dosiye:Cucumbers, illustration from The Encyclopedia of Food by Artemas Ward.jpg|thumb|Kokombure]]kokombure igizwe na vitamin nyinshi zirimo vitamini B , vitamini B1, vitamini B5, na vitamini B7 (biotin). Izi zose zikaba zigira umumaro ukomeye mu guhangana n’umunaniro ukabije.Iyi yose ni imimaro y’ingenzi ku buzima bw’umuntu,yo kurya kokombure ariko ukayirya nka salade nibwo iba ishobora gukora iyi mirimo yose twavuze kandi ubuzima bw’umuntu bukarushaho kumererwa neza.<ref name=":1" />Kokombure gufasha ubwonko gukora neza; umuntu ukunda kurya kokombure aba arinda ubwonko bwe kwangirika ndetse no kwibasirwa n’indwara zifata ubwonko kuko igira icyitwa ‘’fisetin’’ ifasha ubwonko gukora neza. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Umuti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 4d59y7pqxvxbknirg0z8yhysu5yxw80 0 14568 139422 107508 2026-09-23T09:42:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox journal|title=Science of the Total Environment|cover=STOTEN cover.png|former_name=<!-- or |former_names= -->|abbreviation=Sci. Total Environ.|discipline=[[Environmental science]]|editors=Damià Barceló, Jay Gan|publisher=[[Elsevier]]|country=|history=1972-present|frequency=Weekly|openaccess=|license=|impact=10.753|impact-year=2021|ISSN=0048-9697|eISSN=1879-1026|CODEN=STENDL|JSTOR=|LCCN=72624869|OCLC=321079391|website=http://www.journals.elsevier.com/science-of-the-total-environment/|link1=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00489697|link1-name=Online access|link2=<!-- up to |link5= -->|link2-name=<!-- up to |link5-name= -->}} [[Dosiye:STOTEN_cover.png|thumb|right|Igitabo cy'Ubumenyi ku bidukikije.]] '''''Ubumenyi bwibidukikije byose''''' ni icyumweru mpuzamahanga Urubyiruko rwasuzumye ikinyamakuru cya siyansi gikubiyemo ubumenyi bwa siyanse y' ibidukikije. Cyashinzwe mu 1972 kandi gitangazwa na Elsevier. Abanditsi bakuru ni Damià Barceló ( Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas ), Jay Gan ( kaminuza ya Californiya, Riverside ) na Philip Hopke ( kaminuza ya Rochester ). Nk’uko ''ikinyamakuru Citation Reports'' kibitangaza, iki kinyamakuru gifite ingaruka 2021 zingana na 10.753. == Impaka == Ingingo yo mu Kwakira 2020 ivuga ko udupfukamunwa dushobora gukumira COVID-19 <ref name="Bility et al. 2020" /> byaje no kumenyekana mu bantu ndetse no mu bafatanya bikorwa b'bandits1 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ivan Oransky |date=16 November 2020 |title=Co-authors of paper on COVID-19 and jade amulets blame 'the online press' and social media for misinterpretation in retraction letter |url=https://retractionwatch.com/2020/11/16/co-authors-of-paper-on-covid-19-and-jade-amulets-blames-the-online-press-and-social-media-for-misinterpretation-in-retraction-letter/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Retraction Watch}}</ref> Kuva mu Gushyingo 2020, ingingo yari "gukuraho by'agateganyo". <ref name="Bility et al. 2020">{{Cite journal|pages=142830}}</ref> Nyuma yaje gukurwaho k'ubusabe bw'abanditsi. == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == kqgr7stw6cmh3021ohdy5a7iwf0jvk2 0 14595 139178 134089 2026-09-23T03:15:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139178 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:APAER WFC.jpg|alt=APAER WFC team PEACE CUP match|thumb|APAER WFC]] [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Aho abanyeshuri baturuka]] '''APAER WFC''' ( Association des Parents Adventistes Pour l’Education à Rusororo, Women Football Club) rifite [[ishuri]] rya Rusororo Institute bashinze ishuri ryisumbuye ryigamo abanyeshuri basanzwe ndetse n'abakinnyi ba APAER Women Football Club, ikinwamo n’abanyeshuri b’[[Umugore|abakobwa]] biga kuri iri shuri riherereye mu Murenge wa Rusororo mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]]. APAER WFC yazamutse mu shampiyona cyiciro cya mbere mu mwaka w’imikino wa 2021-2022 imaze umwaka umwe mu shampiyona yi cyiciro cya kabili. Urugendo rw' [[Ikipe]] ya APAER WFC muri ruhago y’abagore y’u Rwanda yarutangira mu 1999. APAER WFC ikina shampiyona y’igihugu I tegurwa na [[FERWAFA]], [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry’umupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda]] ndetse n’[[Igikombe cy’Amahoro|igikombe cy’amahoro]] cy’igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]]. Aho mu mwaka w'imikino wa 2024-2025 ubuyobozi bwa Police WFC bwagiranye amasezerano y'imikoranire n'ubuyobozi bwa APAER WFC mugihe cy'umwaka umwe yo kwitwa [[Police Women Volleyball club|POLICE]] WFC bakaba batitwa APAER WFC muri icyo gihe cy'amasezerano. <ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/mu-wa-gishuti-apaer-wfc-yatsinze-rayon-sports-wfc-amafoto</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yegob.rw/bwa-mbere-mu-mateka-ikipe-ya-rayon-sports-wfc-yabonye-ikipe-iyihangamura/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302173722/https://yegob.rw/bwa-mbere-mu-mateka-ikipe-ya-rayon-sports-wfc-yabonye-ikipe-iyihangamura/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/ferwafa-yisanze-mu-rindi-bara-as-kigali-wfc-yahawe-amanota-y-umukino</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwanda-football.com/as-kigali-wfc-yashyikirijwe-igikombe-cya-shampiyona/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302175226/https://rwanda-football.com/as-kigali-wfc-yashyikirijwe-igikombe-cya-shampiyona/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://newstoday.rw/womenfootball-as-kigali-wfc-irimbanyije-imyiteguro-ya-caf-champions-league</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/rayon-sports-y-abagore-yatangiye-kwiyubaka-izana-abanyamahanga</ref><ref>https://rushyashya.net/abakinnyi-39-bikipe-yigihugu-yu-rwanda-yabagore-bari-munsi-yimyaka-20-yatangiye-umwiherero-mu-rwego-rwo-guhatanira-itike-yigikombe-cyisi-cya-2022/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/apr-fc-yatsinze-kiyovu-sports-iyobora-shampiyona</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuyoboro.rw/index.php/2022/02/28/imbamutima-za-kayitesi-wegukanye-igikombe-muri-as-kigali-yabagore/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-02 |archive-date=2023-03-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230302173741/https://umuyoboro.rw/index.php/2022/02/28/imbamutima-za-kayitesi-wegukanye-igikombe-muri-as-kigali-yabagore/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Amashakiro === [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Ikipe ya bagore]] <references />'''Ubuyobozi bwa APAER WFC''' # Bayiringire Seth (Club President) # Rwiyamira Desire (Vs President) # Uwineza Kahn (Head of Games and sports department) # Nsengiyaremye Jean Claude (Discipline Master) # Niyobuhungiro Pacifique (Media Officer) jxb155so8bsn5rmelcr0eqwlmq41gwg 0 14601 139080 99190 2026-09-23T02:29:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139080 wikitext text/x-wiki == secretary bird == [[Dosiye:Sagittarius serpentarius (31035947287).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Sagittarius serpentarius - Secretarisvogel - Diergaarde Blijdorp - Rotterdam - looking at the photographer.jpg|thumb|Igisiga]] secretary bird ni ubwoko bw' bwinyoni bukunze kuboneka muri [[African Wildlife Foundation|Africa]] ahantu hari ibyatsi byinshi cyane cyane munsi y' ubutayu bwa Sahara secretary bird igaragara nk' inyoni ndede ifite umugongo ujya kumera nkuw'igisiga n'amaguru maremare ameze nkay' ikiyongoyongo ariyo atuma iyi nyoni ishobora kugira uburebure bushobora kugera kuri metero imwe na santimetero 3 (1.3m), [[Dosiye:Sagittarius serpentarius Sekretär.JPG|thumb|Secretary bird]] muri ubu bwoko bw'inyoni, ibigabo n' ibigore byose birasa, izi nyoni kandi zigira ibitsike birebire iyo zikuze. izi nyoni zikunze kubaka ibyari byazo kunsongero zibiti bifite amahwa kandi zikaba zitera amagi agera kuri atatu(3).[https://ebird.org/species/secret2] ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubu bwoko bugenda bugabanuka bitewe nihindagurika ry'imiturire kw'isi yacu.[https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/secretary-bird][https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/facts/secretary-bird][https://www.britannica.com/animal/secretary-bird] 8khwt13bjomccfgb8qg3inmuxzz06u3 0 14618 139361 135873 2026-09-23T09:08:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox|image=Long-crested eagle (Lophaetus occipitalis) 3.jpg|image_caption=In [[Queen Elizabeth National Park|Queen Elizabeth NP]], [[Uganda]]|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 12 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Lophaetus occipitalis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22696134A93546422 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696134A93546422.en |access-date=12 November 2021}}</ref>|taxon=Lophaetus occipitalis|authority=([[François Marie Daudin|Daudin]], 1800)|parent_authority=[[Johann Jakob Kaup|Kaup]], 1847|synonyms={{species list|Falco occipitalis|Daudin, 1800}}}} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] '''Inkukuma ndende''' ( '''''Lophaetus occipitalis''''' ) ni inyoni yo muri Afurika ihiga. Kimwe na kagoma zose, ni mumuryango Accipitridae. Kugeza ubu ishyizwe mubwoko bumwe bwa '''''Lophaetus'''''. Irangwa namababa agize igikonjo. Iraboneka hagati ya Afrika yepfo na Afrika yepfo hamwe nurugo rutandukanye bitewe no kuboneka kwibiryo hamwe n’ahantu heza ho gutura ariko bikaba ahanini ku nkombe z’amashyamba no hafi y’ahantu h’ubushuhe. ninyoni yororoka buri umwaka bitewe nibiryo biboneka, itera amagi kuva kuri 1 kugeza kuri 2 aterwa, nkuko biranga abashimusi. Byongeye kandi, nkubwoko bwa raptor, Inyoni zikuze zikunze kurya inyamaswa z’inyamabere ntoya, icyakora izindi nyababyeyi n’inyamaswa zidafite ubuzima nazo ziribwa.[https://ebird.org/species/loceag1][https://www.peregrinefund.org/explore-raptors-species/eagles/long-crested-eagle][https://animalia.bio/long-crested-eagle][http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/long-crested-eagle-lophaetus-occipitalis][https://www.oiseaux-birds.com/card-long-crested-eagle.html] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Inyoni]] pkcaeykxjpwbmd5ulk7amzl2lebo9x2 0 14671 139484 137776 2026-09-23T09:50:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tree with red apples in Barkedal 4.jpg|thumb|Umuzibaziba|240x240px]] [[Dosiye:A red seed on tree.jpg|thumb|imbuto zumuzibazi]] '''Umuzibaziba''' ni igiti kikaba igiti cyangwa [[Ikimera]] kivura ibintu bitandukanye nko kuribwa munda cyane mugihe cy'imihango. Imizi, igiti, igishishwa cyangwa ikivuvu cy'Umuzibaziba biravura, yewe amababi cyangwa imbuto byose by'Umuzibaziba ni umuti uvura. guteka Umuzibaziba mu mazi ukabinnya ni umuti uvura kutagira ububabare mugihe cy'imihango, imitezi no kuviramo imbere munda. Umuzibaziba uvura na maraliya. Umuzibaziba uvura ibisebe by'imifunzo ndetse nibindi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2024-05-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240527084119/https://rw.amateka.net/impigi-nimigenzo-bikiza-indwara-zabantu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/suitable-tree/kinyarwanda/umuzibaziba</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=223 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-05 |archive-date=2023-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230305141003/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=223 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://www.ethnopharmacologia.org/recherche-dans-prelude/?plant_id=4010</ref> [[Dosiye:Sapium insigne.jpg|thumb]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] 2ro589kjlxnyisgfbqxixnewevhh2vl 0 14700 139179 138149 2026-09-23T03:15:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139179 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Match de volley ball1.jpg|thumb|Gisagara]] '''Gisagara Tournament n'''i irishanwa ritegurwa na mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara|karere ka Gisagara]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|ntara y’amajyepfo]], ni irushanwa ngaruka mwaka, akarere Ka Gisagara ka gafatanya n'[[Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball mu Rwanda|Ishyirahamwe ry'umukino wa Volleyball]] mu [[Rwanda]] (The Rwanda Volleyball Federation, [[FRVB]]'''.''' Gisagara Tournament ni irushanwa rihuza amakipe yose akina icyiciro cya mbere muri Volleyball [[Umugabo|abagabo]] [[Umugore|n’abagore]] mu [[Rwanda]], Gisagara Tournament Ni urushanwa rigamije gukangurira abaturage ba Gisagara gukunda umukino wa volleyball, United Volleyball Club (UVC) yahoze ari UTB niyo yatwaye irushanwa n'igikombe cya ya Gisagara Tournament mu [[Umugabo|bagabo]]. iri rushawa hamwe n'ikipe ya Gisagara VC birafatikanya kugirango bizamure akarere muri siporo.<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/06/gisagara-uvc-are-the-champions-of-memorial-rutsindura-2022/</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/volleyball/article/amakipe-12-ni-yo-yemeje-ko-azitabira-irushanwa-gisagara-tournament-2021</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/120209/gisagara-vc-yegukanye-irushanwa-rya-gisaka-international-volleyball-tournament-120209.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/gisagara-yihimuye-kuri-reg-mu-irushanwa-ryo-kwibuka-rutsindura/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306205358/https://umuseke.rw/2022/06/gisagara-yihimuye-kuri-reg-mu-irushanwa-ryo-kwibuka-rutsindura/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thechoicelive.com/volleball-gisagara-volleyball-club-yamaze-kubona-umutoza-mushya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301070322/https://www.thechoicelive.com/volleball-gisagara-volleyball-club-yamaze-kubona-umutoza-mushya |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://umurava.rw/2022/07/20/gisagara-kansi-gs-gikore-ikomeje-gushimangira-ibigwi-bya-gisagara-muri-volleyball/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306210857/http://umurava.rw/2022/07/20/gisagara-kansi-gs-gikore-ikomeje-gushimangira-ibigwi-bya-gisagara-muri-volleyball/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://bwiza.com/?Meya-Rutaburingoga-yemeza-ko-Gisagara-VC-itanga-icyizere-cy-iterambere-ry</ref><ref>https://umuryango.rw/imyidagaduro/imikino/article/gisagara-vc-yatangiye-itsinda-mu-irushanwa-nyafurika-ihagarariyemo-u-rwanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://radiotv10.rw/gisagara-volleyball-yakoreye-amateka-igera-muri-%C2%BD-cya-africa-club-championship-2022/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306205908/https://radiotv10.rw/gisagara-volleyball-yakoreye-amateka-igera-muri-%C2%BD-cya-africa-club-championship-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ikipe-ya-gisagara-vc-niya-rra-vc-ni-zo-zegukanye-gisaka-open/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-06 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306194606/https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/kirehe-ikipe-ya-gisagara-vc-niya-rra-vc-ni-zo-zegukanye-gisaka-open/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya volleyball]] mjv7xdmcnjha2ehjiygbj19guho0mkr 0 14761 139256 130775 2026-09-23T07:32:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tabqa_refugees_(2017).png|thumb|right|Impunzi za Tabqa]] [[Dosiye:Screengrab of refugee camp from Number of Refugees Who Fled Sudan for Chad Double in Week.jpg|thumb]] '''Impunzi z’intambara yo muri Siriya''' ni abaturage n’abaturage bahora bava mu bihugu byabo bahunze mu ntambara. Abaturage ba mbere y’intambara bo muri Repubulika y’Abarabu ya Siriya bageraga kuri miliyoni 22 (2017), harimo n’abari bahatuye bya burundu. Muri uwo mubare, [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] (UN) wagaragajeko miliyoni 13.5 (2016) aribo bimuwe n’intambara, basaba ubufasha bw’ikiremwamuntu. Muri bo, kuva Intambara y'abanyagihugu ya Siriya yatangira mu 2011 abantu barenga miliyoni esheshatu (2016) bavanywe mu byabo, kandi abagera kuri miliyoni eshanu (2016) bahungiye mu bindi bihugu, <ref name="OCHA">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2018 |title=UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 16_02_2016 |url=http://www.unocha.org/syria |access-date=8 March 2023 |archive-date=22 September 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150922150138/http://www.unocha.org/syria |url-status=dead }}</ref> basaba ubuhungiro cyangwa bashyirwa mu nkambi z'impunzi z'Abanyasiriya ku isi. Bikunze kuvugwa nkakimwe mubibazo bikomeye byimpunzi mumateka. Gahunda y’impunzi no guhangana n’akarere (3RP) yashyizweho muri 2015 nkurwego rwo guhuza ibikorwa harimo ibihugu bituranye usibye [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]]. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2016, ibihugu bitandukanye byari byemereye UNHCR gucyura burundu impunzi 170.000 zanditswe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 February 2016 |title=UNHCR Factsheet on resettlement: Syrian Refugees |url=http://www.unhcr.org/52b2febafc5.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160404042206/http://www.unhcr.org/52b2febafc5.html |archive-date=2016-04-04 |access-date=17 February 2016 |publisher=UNHCR}}</ref> kuko impunzi z'Abanyasiriya zagize uruhare mu kibazo cy’abimukira b’i [[Burayi]], aho UNHCR yakiriye abasaba ubuhunzi bagera kuri hafi miliyoni imwe bari mu Burayi bitarenze Kanama 2017. <ref name="europe">{{Cite web |date=June 2017 |title=Europe: Syrian Asylum Applications |url=http://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/asylum.php |access-date=12 August 2017 |publisher=UNHCR |archive-date=9 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160409125136/https://data.unhcr.org/syrianrefugees/asylum.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Turukiya]] nicyo gihugu kinini cyakira impunzi zanditswe, kimaze kugira impunzi zirenga miliyoni 3.7. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Number of Syrians in Turkey January 2022 – Refugees Association |url=https://multeciler.org.tr/eng/number-of-syrians-in-turkey/ |access-date=2022-04-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwandan refugee camp in east Zaire.jpg|thumb]] Kugeza mu Kuboza 2022, byibuze abantu 580.000 bivugwa ko bapfuye; hamwe na miliyoni 13 z'Abanyasiriya bavanywe mu byabo na miliyoni 6.7 z'impunzi zahatiwe guhunga Siriya. [[Siriya|Ubutegetsi bwa Ba'athiste]] n’inzego zishinzwe umutekano zafashe kandi zica urubozo impunzi nyinshi zatahutse, zibaburira ku gahato ndetse n’iyicwa ridasanzwe. Abanyasiriya bagera kuri miliyoni 12 babaho mu bihe by’ibura ry’ibiribwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 December 2022 |title=Syria |url=https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230128063728/https://www.globalr2p.org/countries/syria/ |archive-date=28 January 2022 |website=Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect}}</ref> Itegeko No 10 ryatowe na Bashar al-Assad mu mwaka wa 2018 ryashoboje leta kwambura imitungo Abanyasiriya n’impunzi bimuwe, kandi bituma gutahuka kw’impunzi bitinya ko byibasirwa n’ubutegetsi. Imfashanyo zita ku bantu bimuwe mu byabo (IDP) muri Siriya n’impunzi [lower-alpha 1] Siriya mu bihugu duturanye zirateganijwe ahanini binyuze muri UNHCR. a2bm5iah77mffdl4dgra6tlvigv9he2 0 14776 139385 122338 2026-09-23T09:10:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139385 wikitext text/x-wiki  [[Dosiye:Women's_800_metres_Portland_2016.jpg|left|thumb| Niyonsaba yatsindiye metero 800 muri Shampiyona yisi yo mu 2016]]'''Francine Niyonsaba''' (wavutse ku ya 5 Gicurasi 1993) ni akora umukino wo kwiruka akaba ari u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], wazobereye muri metero 800 akora nanone mu ntera ndende muri 2019. Yabonye umudari wa silver muri olempike muri 2016 muri metero 800 mu bagore, Umudari we wa feza niwo mudari wa mbere mu mikino Olempike ku Burundi kuva mu 1996. Niyonsaba yatsindiye ifeza muri Shampiyona y'isi 2017 .<ref name=":0" /> Yabaya Shampiyona inshuro ebyiri 800 m mu biruka mu nzu, amaze gutsinda 800 m muri 2016 na 2018 . Nyuma yo kwimukira mu mahanga, Niyonsaba yabonye umwanya wa gatanu ya metero 10,000 mu mikino Olempike ya Tokiyo 2020 . Afite rekodi yisi muri metero 2000, nuwa karindwi yu Burundi.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2019, mu Imikino ngororamubiri ku isi yatangaje ko Niyonsaba atazemererwa guhatanira umwanya w’abagore mu biruka hagati ya metero 400 na kilometero imwe bitewe n’amabwiriza agenga abakinnyi ba XY DSD bafite urugero rwa testosterone nyinshi. <ref name="Gruling">{{Cite web |last=Lavista |first=Adrian |date=18 May 2019 |title=Semenya, Francine, and Margaret miss Stockholm Diamond League after gender ruling |url=https://regionweek.com/semenya-francine-and-margaret-miss-stockholm-diamond-league-after-gender-ruling/ |access-date=15 June 2019 |website=RegionWeek |archive-date=17 April 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417155931/https://regionweek.com/semenya-francine-and-margaret-miss-stockholm-diamond-league-after-gender-ruling/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="WAreg">{{Cite web |date=2019-05-07 |title=IAAF publishes briefing notes and Q&A on Female Eligibility Regulations |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/news/press-release/questions-answers-iaaf-female-eligibility-reg |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-04 |website=World Athletics}}</ref> == Umwuga == Niyonsaba Francine yahise azamuka akinira muri 2012 ingimbi. Ku nshuro ya mbere yashyizeho metero 800 ni mu mpera za Kamena 2012 mu gihe yatsindiye cyane Shampiyona nyafurika ya 2012 muri Athletisme muri 1: 59.11 mu irushanwa rye rya gatatu ryarushanwaga. Kuri ibyo, yateje imbere umwuga we yigihugu ya 2: 02.13, yashyizwe mumikino yo gushaka itike. Mu isiganwa ryo gufungura irushanwa, ry'abadafite uburambe biruka bari bafunguye metero 30 bayobora. <ref name=":0">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120814124910/http://www.iaaf.org/news/newsid%3D65542.html Burundian teen Niyonsaba takes dramatic 800m title as Nigeria top medal table in Porto-Novo – African champs, Day 5]. iaaf.org (2 July 2012). Retrieved on 2016-08-19.</ref> Nyuma y'ibyumweru bitatu, ku ya 20 Nyakanga 2012, yongeye kuzamura agahigo agera kuri 1: 58.68 mu gihe yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri mu nama ya Diamond League 2012 yabereye i Herculis. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120920021908/http://www.diamondleague-monaco.com/en/Program/Overview/800m1/ 800 m]. diamondleague-monaco.com</ref> Mu mikino Olempike yabereye i Londres 2012, Niyonsaba yagabanije ibihe bye muri metero 800 agera kuri 1: 58.67 ku ya 9 Kanama 2012, muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza. Byari amasegonda 0.01 kunonosora kubihe yagize mbere. Nyuma y'iminsi ibiri, yaje ku mwanya wa karindwi (nyuma yazamuwe ku mwanya wa gatanu biturutse ku kutemerwa kwa bakoresha ibyongera imbaraga kw'abakinnyi b'Abarusiya Elena Arzhakova na Mariya Savinova ) ku mukino wa nyuma. Hatarenze ukwezi, yagize akandi gahigo k'isaha 1: 56.59. Muri 2016, Niyonsaba yatsindiye metero 800 mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu nzu ya IAAF 2016 akoresheje amasaha 2: 00.01. Yasoje amarushanwa afite umudari wa mbere mu mikino y'Olempike,afite umudari w' ifeza muri metero 800 mu bagore akoresheje igihe cy' 1: 56.49, inyuma ya Caster Semenya wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]]. Niyonsaba yegukanye umwanya wa kabiri muri metero 800 zirindwi zirushanwa rya Diamond League 2016 . yongereye ibihe bye maze akoresha 1: 56.24 muri 2016 Herculis.<ref name="Gruling" /> Muri 2017, Niyonsaba yegukanye ibihembo bishya ku giti cye ndetse no ku rwego rw'igihugu muri Monaco Diamond League nyuma yo gutsinda metero 800 akoresheje 1: 55.47 ku ya 21 Nyakanga. Iki gihe, yabaye Uwa wa mbere ku isi 1. yerekeza muri Shampiyona yisi 2017 yabereye i Londres.<ref name="WAreg" /> Mu marushanwa y'isi yabereye i Londres, yatsindiye ifeza muri metero 800 mu bagore mu gihe cya 1: 55.92. Yayoboye irushanwa, ariko Caster Semenya yakoresheje ubwenge kugirango atsinde Aburundi ku girango bongera gutsindira zahabu.<ref name=":0" /> == Imikino ngororamubiri ku isi == Muri 2019, byagaragaye ko Niyonsaba yavutse afite 46, XY karyotype ndetse n’imiterere ya intersex nyuma yo kwemererwa kwitabira amarushanwa y’abagore ya IAAF byatewe n’amabwiriza mashya y’ishyirahamwe ajyenga abakinnyi bafite XY itandukaniro ry’iterambere ry’imibonano mpuzabitsina yago, urugero rwa testosterone iri hejuru ya 5 nmol / L, hamwe na androgene. <ref name="Gruling"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Executive Summary |url=https://www.tas-cas.org/fileadmin/user_upload/CAS_Executive_Summary__5794_.pdf |access-date=15 June 2019 |website=Court of Arbitration for Sport}}</ref> Bitewe nuko guhagarikwa, Niyonsaba agomba kubura mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yimikino ngororamubiri 2022 yabereye Oregon. [https://www.bbc.com/sport/africa/62125966] == Ibyagezweho == === Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga === {|{{AchievementTable|nation=BDI|Event=yes|Time=yes}} |- |rowspan=2|2012 |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Porto-Novo]], Benin |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] |1:59.11 |{{AthAbbr|NR}} |- |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[London]], United Kingdom |5th |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] |1:59.63 | |- |rowspan=2|2016 |[[2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], United States |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] {{AthAbbr|i}} |2:00.01 |{{AthAbbr|WL}} |- |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] |1:56.49 | |- |2017 |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[London]], United Kingdom |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] |1:55.92 | |- |rowspan=2|2018 |[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Birmingham]], United Kingdom |bgcolor=gold|1st |[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] {{AthAbbr|i}} |1:58.31 |WL NR |- |[[2018 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Asaba]], Nigeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |[[2018 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 800 metres|800 m]] |1:57.97 | |- |rowspan=2|2021 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Tokyo]], Japan |h |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 5000 metres|5000 m]] |{{AthAbbr|DQ}} |{{abbr|TR 17.3.2|Infringement of the inside border}} |- |5th |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 10,000 metres|10,000 m]] |30:41.93 |NR |} === amarushanwa yatsinze === * shampiyona ya Diamond league 5000&nbsp;m: 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2021-09-09 |title=Wanda Diamond League Final {{!}} Letzigrund - Zürich (SUI) {{!}} 8th-9th September 2021 |url=https://www.diamondleague.com/fileadmin/IDL_Zurich/user_upload/Results_Diamond_League_2021_Zurich_2021.pdf |url-status=live |access-date=2021-09-09 |website=[[Diamond League]] |page=9}}</ref> ** 2012 (1 - 800&nbsp;m): [[Buruseli]] ( NR ) ** 2013 (3 - 800&nbsp;m): Shanghai ( WL ), Eugene (WL MR ), Paris ** 2016 (2 - 800&nbsp;m): Birmingham (MR), Lausanne ** 2017 (2 - 800&nbsp;m): Stockholm, Lausanne ( SB ) ** 2018 (2 - 800&nbsp;m): Lausanne, Rabat ** 2021 [4]: Eugene (ibirometero bibiri, MR), [[Paris]] (3000)&nbsp;m, WL MR NR), Buruseli (5000)&nbsp;m, WL NR), Zürich (5000&nbsp;m) ** 2022 (2): Doha (3000)&nbsp;m, WL), Eugene (ibirometero bibiri, WL MR) == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] 9ks6nfq9cow6vqx0jrmxuofvo9yzjmw 0 14793 139239 121583 2026-09-23T07:27:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139239 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Irabaruta Olivier''' (yavutse ku ya 25 Kanama 1990) ni umukinnyi wu mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] wiruka na maguru muri marato. Mu mikino Olempike ya 2012, yitabiriye irushanwa rya metero 5000 mu bagabo, arangiza ari ku mwanya wa 29 muri rusange mu cyiciro cya 1, gusa ntiyajya ku mukino wanyuma. Mu mikino Olempike ya 2016, yarushanwe mu kwiruka metero 5000 na 10,000 m, Yarangije ku mwanya wa 27 muri rusange mu cyiciro cya mbere cya metero 5000 gusa ntiyujuje ibihe bisabwa mu gukomeza mu cyiciro gukurikiraho. <ref>"Rio 2016" . Rio 2016 . Archived from the original on 2016-08-21. Retrieved 2016-08-25.</ref> Yarangije ku mwanya wa 27 mu kwiruka metero 10,000. <ref>"Rio 2016". Rio 2016 . Archived from the original on 2016-08-26. Retrieved 2016-08-25.</ref> Irabaruta niwe watwaraga ibendera mu Burundi mugihe habaga parade itangiza irushanwa. <ref>"The Flagbearers for the Rio 2016 Opening Ceremony" . 2016-08-16. Retrieved 2016-08-25.</ref> Yaserukiye igihugu cye mu marushanwa y'isi ya IAAF mu 2009 nk'umukinnyi muto, naho muri 2015, 2017, na 2019 aseruka nk'umukinnyi mukuru. Muri 2019, yitabiriye marato y'abagabo mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’imikino ngororamubiri ya 2019 yabereye i [[Doha]], muri [[Katari|Qatar]]. <ref name=":0">"Marathon Men − Final − Results" (PDF). IAAF . 5 October 2019. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 June 2020. Retrieved 6 October 2019.</ref> Ntabwo yarangije isiganwa rye. <ref name=":0" /> Yahagarariye u Burundi mu mikino y'Olempike ya 2020 muri marato y'abagabo. <ref>"Athletics IRABARUTA Olivier - Tokyo 2020 Olympics" . Olympics.com/tokyo-2020/ . Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games . Archived from the original on 2021-08-02. Retrieved 2021-08-02.</ref> == Reba == {{S-start}} {{s-sports|oly}} {{Succession box}} {{S-end}} <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] mkpwklw14y8atdf37n2l04zgwdrfgnm 0 14807 139213 136663 2026-09-23T07:20:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:FrancolinusStreptophorusKeulemans (cropped).jpg|thumb|365x365px|INYONI YITWA Ring Necked Francolin]] [[Dosiye:Image from page 155 of "A hand-book to the game-birds" (1896) (14726786496).jpg|thumb]] == Ring Necked Francolin == Francoline cyangwa se scleroptila streptophora ni ubwoko bw'inyoni mu muryango wa phasianidae, iboneka mu [[Rwanda]], Burundi, kenya kamerunu, tanzaniya,uganda.ntibisanzwe kuruta uko byari bisanzwe kurutonde rw'ibibazo byibuze bigera kubihe byugarijwe urutonde rwa IUCN 2007.[https://ebird.org/species/rinfra2] a33oen2i5xz9f0ie21bkg1vwafggf1m 0 14827 139332 113558 2026-09-23T07:48:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139332 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A_course_of_green_cefalexin_pills.jpg|thumb| Capsules|317x317px]] Mugukora imiti, '''encapsulation''' mugikonoshwa gisanzwe kizwi nka '''capsule''', kibemerera, kurugero, gufatwa kumanwa cyangwa gukoreshwa nkibitekerezo. Ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi bwa capsules ni: * Capsules ikomeye, irimo ibintu byumye, ifu cyangwa pellet ntoya yakozwe na ''eg'' inzira yo gukuramo cyangwa [[Spheronization|spheronisation]]. Ibi bikozwe mu bice bibiri: “diameter” ntoya ya diameter yuzuye hanyuma igashyirwaho kashe ukoresheje “cap” nini ya diameter. * Capsules yoroshye-ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumavuta no mubintu bikora bishonga cyangwa bihagarikwa mumavuta. Ibyo byiciro byombi bya capsules bikozwe mubisubizo byamazi ya gelline, nka proteine [[Inyamaswa|y'inyamanswa]] (cyane cyane gelatine ) cyangwa polysaccharide y'ibimera cyangwa ibiyikomokaho (nka karrageenans nuburyo bwahinduwe bwa krahisi na selile ). Ibindi bikoresho bishobora kongerwaho mubisubizo bya gelling harimo plasitike nka glycerine cyangwa sorbitol kugirango bigabanye ubukana bwa capsule. . == Igice kimwe cya gel encapsulation ("capsules yoroshye") == [[Dosiye:Arranging capsules.jpg|thumb]] Mu 1833,Bakoresheje ibyuma kubikorwa byabo, bakuzuza capsules kugiti cyabo hamwe nigitonyanga cyimiti. Nyuma yaho, uburyo bwateguwe bwakoresheje amasahani hamwe nu mifuka kugirango bakore capsules. Nubwo ibigo bimwe bigikoresha ubu buryo, ibikoresho ntibigikora mubucuruzi. Ibikoresho byose bigezweho byoroshye-gel ikoresha itandukaniro ryibikorwa byakozwe na RP Scherer muri 1933. Agashya ke yakoresheje kuzunguruka kugirango atange capsules. Baca baruzuzwa no gukubitwa. Ubu buryo bwari umusaruro mwinshi, uhoraho, kandi ugabanya imyanda. Softgels ishobora kuba uburyo bwiza bwo gutanga imiti yo mu kanwa, cyane imiti idashonga,.Ibikoresho byamazi biragoye kubishyira mubindi bikoresho byose bya dosiye nka tablet. Softgels nayo ikwiranye cyane nibiyobyabwenge bikomeye (urugero, aho ikinini ari <100&nbsp;) mu 1847. Capsules ikozwe mubice bibiri. Capsules itangwa nkibice bifunze uruganda rukora imiti.capsule yuzuyemo ifu cyangwa pellet nyinshi zisanzwe zakozwe mugikorwa cyo gusohora no guterana.<ref>{{Cite book|pages=126–129}}</ref> Capsile igizwe na gelatine ikozwe muri kolagen yuruhu rwinyamaswa cyangwa amagufwa. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=401–404}}</ref> Indabo za capsule zatangiwe mu 1987, zakozwe muri selile, ibintu bigize ibimera. Ibintu nyamukuru bigize capsules zikomoka ku bimera ni hydroxypropyl methyl selulose. Mu kinyejana cya 21.  Capsule yuzuza uburemere ni ikintu cyingenzi muri ensapsulation hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwo kuzuza uburemere,kimwe no kugenzura uburemere kumurongo, kugirango ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pharmaceutical Encapsulation |url=http://www.pharmacmc.com/encapsulation/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006033222/http://www.pharmacmc.com/encapsulation/ |archive-date=6 October 2016 |access-date=27 September 2016 |website=PharmaCMC}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !Ingano ! Umubumbe (mL) [A] ! Uburebure bufunze (mm) [A] ! Diameter yo hanze (mm) [A] |- | 5 | 0.13 | 11.1 | 4.91 |- | 4 | 0.20 | 14.3 | 5.31 |- | 3 | 0.27 | 15.9 | 5.82 |- | 2 | 0.37 | 18 | 6.35 |- | 1 | 0.48 | 19.4 | 6.91 |- | 0 | 0.67 | 21.7 | 7.65 |- | 0E | 0.7 | 23.1 | 7.65 |- | 00 | 0.95 | 23.3 | 8.53 |- | 000 | 1.36 | 26.14 | 9.91 |- | 13 | 3.2 | 30 | 15.3 |- | 12 | 5 | 40.5 | 15.3 |- | 12el | 7.5 | 57 | 15.5 |- | 11 | 10 | 47.5 | 20.9 |- | 10 | 18 | 64 | 23.4 |- | 7 | 24 | 78 | 23.4 |- | Su07 | 28 | 88.5 | 23.4 |} Umuti urashobora kuba mumutwe wa capsule, umubiri wa capsule cyangwa mumubiri ndetse numutwe wa capsule. Umuntu arashobora gushira imiti irenze imwe muri capsule shell matrix. Umuti urashobora kuba muburyo bwasheshwe kandi bwahagaritswe muri capsule shell matrix. Rero, umuntu arashobora gukora ubwoko butandukanye bwo gutandukana muri "capsules yashizwemo ibiyobyabwenge". Igipimo cyo kurekura ibiyobyabwenge kirashobora gutandukana ukurikije uburyo ibiyobyabwenge byinjijwe muri capsule shell matrix hamwe nibiyobyabwenge. <ref>Joshi, H.N., Tara Innovations LLC, 2014. Physically/molecularly distributed and/or chemically bound medicaments in empty, hard capsule shells. U.S. Patent 8,728,521.</ref> <ref>Joshi, H.N., 2018. Physically dispersed, molecularly dissolved and/or chemically bound drugs in an empty, hard capsule shell composition. U.S. Patent 9,884,024.</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} pwfq9cqwcf2b8nebth9v7ng721c8r1i 0 14829 139169 135016 2026-09-23T03:14:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139169 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Salimata Fofana''' ni umukinnyi wa jido ukomoka muri '''[[Kote Divuwari]]'''. <ref name=":0">"[[Salimata Fofana]]" . International Judo Federation. Retrieved 18 August 2021.</ref> Yatsindiye umwe mu midari ya bronze mu marushanwa y'abagore bapima ibiro 52 mu mikino nyafurika ya 2015 yabereye i Brazzaville, muri Repubulika ya Kongo.<ref name=":0" /> Yatsindiye umwe mu midari ya bronze mu marushanwa y'abagore bapiama ibiro 52 mu marushanwa ya Afurika ya Jido yo mu 2016 yabereye muri Tuniziya, ndetse na Shampiyona yo muri Afurika ya Judo 2019 yabereye i Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2020, yatsindiye kandi umudari wa bronze mu bagore bapima ibiro 52 mu marushanwa ya Afurika ya Judo ya 2020 yabereye Antananarivo, Madagasikari. <ref>Pavitt, Michael (17 December 2020). "Whitebooi retains title as African Judo Championships begins in Madagascar" . InsideTheGames.biz . Retrieved 5 July 2021.</ref> <ref>"2020 African Judo Championships" . African Judo Union . Archived from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.</ref> Mu marushanwa yo muri Afurika 2021 yabereye i Dakar, muri Senegali, yegukanye umudari wa feza muri iri rushanwa. <ref>Rowbottom, Mike (21 May 2021). "Giantkiller Samy falls in final at 2021 African Judo Championships in Dakar" . InsideTheGames.biz . Retrieved 21 May 2021.</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi witera makofe]] 6173jzifi5ywmiu47pqpbf536qw369b 0 14848 139304 105290 2026-09-23T07:43:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{speciesbox|name=Yellow-necked spurfowl|image=Francolin.jpg|image_caption=In [[Samburu National Reserve]], Kenya|image2=Yellow-necked Spurfowl (Francolinus leucoscepus) (022A-WA03044X0031-0017M0).ogg|image2_caption=Calls recorded in Kiboko, Kenya|status=LC|status_system=IUCN3.1|status_ref=<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Pternistis leucoscepus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22678847A92791674 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678847A92791674.en |access-date=17 November 2021}}</ref>|genus=Pternistis|species=leucoscepus|authority=([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1867)|synonyms=*''Francolinus leucoscepus''|range_map=Yellow-necked spurfowl distribution map.svg|range_map_caption={{leftlegend|#00fe00|&nbsp;geographic distribution|outline=#d4d4d4}}}} {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Yellow-necked spurfowl |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Francolin.jpg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |In [[Samburu National Reserve]], Kenya |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" | |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Calls recorded in Kiboko, Kenya |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" ! colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[Conservation status]]</div> |- | colspan="2" |<div style="text-align: center">[[File:Status_iucn3.1_LC.svg|link=|alt=|frameless]]<br /><br />[[Least Concern]] <small>&nbsp;([[IUCN Red List|IUCN 3.1]])<ref name="iucn status 17 November 2021"><cite class="citation journal cs1" id="CITEREFBirdLife_International2016"><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="154">BirdLife International (2016). </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="155">[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22678847/92791674 "''Pternistis leucoscepus''"]. </span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="156">''[[IUCN Red List|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2016''': e.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="158">T22678847A92791674. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678847A92791674.en|10.2305/IUCN.]]</span></span><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678847A92791674.en|<span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="160">UK.2016-3.</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="161">RLTS.</span>]]</span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="162"><span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22678847A92791674.en|T22678847A92791674.en]]</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. </span></span><span class="cx-segment" data-segmentid="163"><span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2021</span>.</span></cite></ref></small></div> |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Pternistis| edit ]]</span> |- |Kingdom: |[[Animal|Animalia]] |- |Phylum: |[[Chordate|Chordata]] |- |Class: |[[Bird|Aves]] |- |Order: |[[Galliformes]] |- |Family: |[[Phasianidae]] |- |Genus: |''[[Pternistis]]'' |- |Species: |<div class="species" style="display:inline">'''''P.&nbsp;leucoscepus'''''</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Binomial nomenclature|Binomial name]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |'''<span class="binomial">''Pternistis leucoscepus''</span>'''<br /><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">([[John Edward Gray|Gray]], 1867)</div> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Yellow-necked_spurfowl_distribution_map.svg|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |<templatestyles src="Legend/styles.css" /><div class="legend" style="text-align:left;"><span class="legend-color" style="border: 1px solid #d4d4d4; background-color:#00fe00; color:black; -webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;geographic distribution</div> |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Synonyms |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | * ''Francolinus leucoscepus'' |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] Yellow necked spurfowl( '''''Pternistis leucoscepus''''' ) ni ubwoko bw'inyoni mu muryango Phasianidae. Iboneka muri [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]], [[Kenya]], [[Somaliya]], [[Sudani]], [[Tanzaniya]], na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Ubu bwoko bwiswe ibara ry'umuhondo riboneka ku ijosi. Inyoni z'ingabo murubu bwokoo bwagaragaye ko bufite spurs inyuma yamaguru. == Taxonomy == ubu bwoko bw'inyoni bufite ijosi ry'umuhondo bwa sobanuwe mu 1867 n’umuhanga mu bijyanye n’imyororokere w’umwongereza George Robert Gray maze ahabwa izina rya binomial ''Francolinus leucoscepus''. ikomoka muri etiyopiya <ref>{{Cite book|pages=86–87}}</ref> Ubu bwoko bwashyizwe mu bwoko bwa ''Pternistis'' bwatangijwe n’umudage w’umudage witwa Johann Georg Wagler mu 1832. <ref name="ioc">{{Cite web |year=2020 |editor-last=Gill |editor-first=Frank |editor-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) |editor2-last=Donsker |editor2-first=David |editor3-last=Rasmussen |editor3-first=Pamela |editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen |title=Pheasants, partridges, francolins |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/pheasants/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |website=IOC World Bird List Version 10.1 |publisher=International Ornithologists' Union}}</ref> Ibice bibiri byamenyekanye: <ref name="ioc"/> * ''P. l. leucoscepus'' <small>( Icyatsi, GR, 1867)</small> - Eritereya no mu majyaruguru ya Etiyopiya * ''P. l. infuscatus'' <small>Cabanis, 1868</small> - Amajyaruguru ya Somaliya na [[Jibuti|Djibouti]] mu majyepfo unyuze muri Etiyopiya, Sudani y'Amajyepfo, Amajyepfo ya Somaliya, Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba bwa Uganda, Kenya na Tanzaniya yo mu majyaruguru == Imyitwarire == ni inyoni kandi izwiho gutora mugitondo na nimugoroba.<ref name="KenyaBirds">{{Cite web |url=http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/yn_spurfowl.htm |title=Spurfowl at Kenya Birds |access-date=2023-03-09 |archive-date=2012-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120012512/http://www.kenyabirds.org.uk/yn_spurfowl.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inyoni nayo izwiho guhuza n'imiterere, irashobora gukomeza gutura mubutaka nyuma yubuhinzi butangiye, buva mubutaka mugihe imirimo myinshi yabantu itangiye. <ref name="BirdLife">[http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/speciesfactsheet.php?id=176 BirdLife Factsheet]</ref> ubu bwoko bw'inyoni bugera kuri birindwi murukurikirane. <ref>Birds of East Africa:Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. </ref> Ibiguruka byumuhondo byijosi byumuhondo bikunze guhamagara bihagaze hejuru yimisozi yisi cyangwa urutare, akenshi ibirunga byigihe gito. <ref name="KenyaBirds"/> izi nyoni zifite ijosi ry'umuhondo ntago zifatwa nk'inyoni zoroshya (nubwo batujuje ibisabwa) inyoni zo mumuryango wazo zitekerezako ko nubwo kitari ku muvuduko wihuse. Iterabwoba ryibanze ku bwoko ni uguhiga birenze. <ref name="BirdLife"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Inyoni]] s4i9twkb76ks685g9sdlpowkontodpx 0 14858 139457 122481 2026-09-23T09:47:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139457 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:2012-06-07 Bislett Games Ahore01.jpg|thumb|'''Murielle Ahouré''']] '''Murielle Ahouré''' (wavutse ku ya 23 Kanama 1987) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru wo muri kote divuwari usiganwa muri metero 60, m 100 na m 200 . Yatsindiye umudari wa silver inshuro ebyiri muri shampiyona yisi 2013 yabereye i Moscou. Yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri muri metero 100 na 200. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=IAAF: Murielle Ahoure {{!}} Profile {{!}} Focus on Athletes Biography |url=https://www.iaaf.org/athletes/cote-divoire/murielle-ahoure-224635 |access-date=2017-04-18 |website=iaaf.org}}</ref> Ahouré niwe wegukanye umudari wa zahabu muri metero 60 muri Shampiyona yisi IAAF 2018 .<ref name=":0" /> Yatsindiye kandi umudari wa feza mu birometero 60 muri 2012 IAAF Amarushanwa yo mu nzu yabereye i Istanbul muri [[Turukiya]]. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=IAAF profile |url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=civ/athcode=224635/index.html |access-date=11 March 2012 |publisher=IAAF.com}}</ref> yabonye umudali wa NCAA mu 2009 muri metero 200 ubwo yirukaga muri kaminuza ya Miami. Ahouré ku giti cye kuri metero 100 ni 10,78 (Montverde, Amerika, 2016) no muri 200 m 22.24 i Monaco, 2013. <ref name="bio" /> Afiteibihe bimwemerera kwiruka [[afurika]] muri metero 60 na metero 200 mu nzu. <ref name=":1">Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/iDKRWVYJwWs Ghostarchive] and the {{Cite web |title=Ahoure defeats Allyson Felix in Rome 200m - Universal Sports |url=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDKRWVYJwWs&gl=US&hl=en |website=[[YouTube]] |access-date=2023-03-09 |archive-date=2013-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611095204/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDKRWVYJwWs&gl=US&hl=en |url-status=bot: unknown }}: {{Cite web |title=Ahoure defeats Allyson Felix in Rome 200m - Universal Sports |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iDKRWVYJwWs |website=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> Mu mikino Olempike ya 2012 yashyize ku mwanya wa gatandatu muri metero 200 nu wa karindwi muri 100. [[Dosiye:2012-06-07 Bislett Games Ahore02.jpg|thumb|240x240px]] Yirutse munsi yamasegonda arindwi kuri metero 60 ku nshuro ye yambere muri Gashyantare 2013, abaye umugore wa munani wihuta cyane mugihe cyamasegonda 6.99. <ref>Brown, Matthew (16 February 2013). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/ahoures-sub-seven-sprint-steals-the-show-in-b Ahour\xe9's sub-seven sprint steals the show in Birmingham]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2013-03-02.</ref> Muri 2018 yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu muri metero 60 muri Shampiyona yisi IAAF 2018, kandi yagize agahigo muri afurika akoresheje amasegonda 6.97 aba umugore wa gatandatu wihuta kurusha abandi bose. <ref>Sutton, Nicola (2 March 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20200718120217/https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-indoor-championships/iaaf-world-indoor-championships-7093742/news/report/women/60-metres/final Report: women's 60m final - IAAF World Indoor Championships Birmingham 2018]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2018-03-02.</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nakazi == Umukobwa wa Jenerali Mathias Doué, Umuyobozi mukuru w’ingabo z’ingabo za kotedivuwali, Ahouré yakoze ingendo nyinshi mu buzima bwe akiri muto, aba mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], [[Ubushinwa]], [[Ubuyapani]] n'[[Ubudage]], mbere yo kwimukira muri Amerika afite imyaka 14. <ref name=":0"/> Yatangiye siporo mu mwaka wa kabiri mu mashuri yisumbuye, ahanini nku girango abone inshuti. Amashuri yisumbuye, yize amategeko mpanabyaha muri kaminuza ya George Mason. <ref name=":0" /> Mu mwaka wa nyuma muri kaminuza, yimukiye muri kaminuza ya Miami gukorana na Amy Deem.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5D;</sup> <ref name=":0" /> Yatwaye NCAA 2009 mu nzu muri metero 200, agira n'ibihe byiza ku isi. Muri uwo mwaka. yangiye inshuro ebyiri muri kotedivuwali muri metero 100 yirukanka hanze. <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Skåne 2015-02-25 (16482755819).jpg|thumb]] Mu mwaka wa 2010, yimukiye i Houston nyuma yo gukira imvune yatangiriye shampiyona. Yagiye kwitoza muri Allen Powell. <ref name=":0"/> Muri 2011, yongeye gushyiraho akandi gahingo mu gihugu cye cya kotedivuwali.<ref name=":1" /> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Mu mwaka wa 2012, yagaragaye bwa mbere ku rwego mpuzamahanga muri kotedivuwali mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu nzu, yegukana umudari wa feza muri metero 60, hamwe n’umukinnyi mushya ku giti cye. Nibwo bwambere Imikino ngororamubiri yo mu nzu yabereye muri kotedivuwali. <ref name=":0"/> Nubwo yongeye kwandika akandi gahigo muri kotedivuwali, ntiyashoboye gutwara umudari mu mikino Olempike ya 2012 . <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Skåne 2015-02-25 (16087512543).jpg|thumb]] Mu gihe cy'imikino ngororamubiri yo mu 2013, yangije Afurika mu marshanwa ya metero 60 yo mu nzu akoresha amasegonda 7.00. <ref name=":0"/> Ntiyigeze atsinzwe ibihe byose byo murugo. Mu marushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri ku isi 2013, byari byitezwe ko metero 200 zizaba ari we mukinnyi ukomeye, ariko yanaboneyeho gutsindira umudali wa Carmelita Jeter watsindiye igikombe cya silver inyuma ya Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce muri metero 100. Mu kubikora, abaye kotedivuwali ya mbere yegukanye umudari wa Shampiyona y’imikino ngororamubiri ndetse n’umugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika wegukanye umudari muri metero 100 cyangwa 200 muri Shampiyona y’isi. <ref name=":0" /> Kubera ibyo yagezeho, yahawe ipeti rya Chevalier wo mu rwego rw’igihugu rw’icyubahiro na Perezida Alassane Ouattara. <ref name=":0" /> Yagizwe kandi umukinnyi witwaye neza muri kotedivuwali. <ref name=":0" /> Muri Shampiyona nyafurika 2014, yatakaje metero 100 na Blessing Okagbare, ariko yatsindiye metero 200 Okagbare atitabiriye <ref name=":0"/> Muri 2015, Ahouré yatsindiye bwa mbere Diamond League muri metero 100 mu nama ya Oslo. Muri Shampiyona y'isi muri uwo mwaka, ntabwo yigeze akora metero 100 nyuma yo kurangiza ku mwanya wa 4 muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza, kandi mu kubikora agira imvune yo mu ivi yamubujije kwiruka metero 200. <ref name=":0"/> [[Dosiye:Ta Lou, Ahoure and Kambundji Birmingham 2018.jpg|thumb]] Imvune yo mu ivi yamubujije imyitozo amezi umunani, bituma abura igihembwe cyo mu 2016. Yimuye kandi itsinda ryamahugurwa, mu itsinda rya Dennis Mitchell muri Floride. <ref name=":0"/> Muri Werurwe 2016, Ahouré yatangije umusingi we ugamije gufasha kugarura siporo mu ishuri, gufasha uburezi bw'abana no guha ubushobozi abagore n'abana batishoboye. Muri kamena, yatwaye Afurika muri metero 100 muri Blessing Okagbare. <ref name=":0" /> == Ibyo yagezeho == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{CIV}} |- |rowspan = "3"|2012 |[[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Istanbul]], Turkey |bgcolor="silver"| 2nd |60 m |[[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres|7.04]] |- |rowspan = "2"|[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan = "2"|[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |7th |100 m |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|11.00]] |- | 6th |200 m |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres|22.57]] |- |rowspan=2|2013 |rowspan=2|[[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Moscow]], Russia |bgcolor="silver"| 2nd |100 m |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|10.93]] |- |bgcolor="silver"| 2nd |200 m |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|22.32]] |- |rowspan=3|2014 |[[2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Sopot, Poland]] |bgcolor="silver"| 2nd |60 m |[[2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres|7.01]] |- |rowspan=2|[[2014 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Durban, South Africa]] |bgcolor=silver|2nd |100 m |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|11.03]] |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |200 m |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|22.36]] |- |2015 |[[2015 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Beijing]], China |9th (sf) |100 m |[[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|10.98]] |- |rowspan=4|2016 |rowspan=2|[[2016 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Durban, South Africa]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |100 m |[[2016 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|10.99]] |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |4 × 100 m relay |[[2016 African Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|44.29]] |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil |10th (sf) |100 m |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|11.01]] |- |12th (sf) |200 m |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's 200 metres|22.59]] |- |2017 |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[London]], [[United Kingdom]] |4th |100 m |[[2017 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 100 metres|10.98]] |- |2018 |[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Birmingham]], [[United Kingdom]] |bgcolor="gold"| 1st |60 m |[[2018 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 60 metres|6.97]] |- |2019 |[[2019 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Doha]], Qatar |5th |100 m |[[2019 World Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres|11.02]] |- |2021 |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Tokyo]], Japan |19th (sf) |100 m |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 100 metres|11.28]] |- |2022 |[[2022 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] |[[Eugene, Oregon|Eugene, United States]] |20th (sf) |100 m |[[2022 World Athletics Championships – Women's 100 metres|11.25]] |} == Ibyiza bye bwite == {| class="wikitable" !Andika ! Icyabaye ! Igihe ! Itariki ! Ikibanza ! Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | Hanze | Metero 100 | 10.78 | 11 Kamena 2016 | Montverde, Amerika | |- | Metero 200 | 22.24 | 19 Nyakanga 2013 | [[Monako|Monaco]] | |- | Mu nzu | Metero 60 | 6.97 | 2 Werurwe 2018 | Birmingham, mu Bwongereza | <nowiki><i id="mwjQ">Icya 6 cyibihe byose</i></nowiki>, <nowiki><i id="mwjw">AR</i></nowiki> |} * <small>Amakuru yose yakuwe kumurongo wa IAAF.</small> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Amashakiro == === Amashusho === * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbauHBnbFoA Abagore 60m | Amarushanwa yo mu nzu yaberaga Birmingham 2018] kuri YouTube akoresheje Imikino ngororamubiri {{s-start}} {{s-ach|rec}} {{succession box|title=[[List of African records in athletics|Women's 100 m African Record Holder]]|years=11 June 2016&nbsp;– present|before={{flagicon|NGR}} [[Blessing Okagbare]]|after=''Incumbent''}} {{s-sports|oly}} {{succession box|before=[[Ben Youssef Meïté]]|title=[[List of flag bearers for Ivory Coast at the Olympics|Flagbearer]] for {{CIV}}|years=[[2016 Summer Olympics|Rio de Janeiro 2016]]|after=[[Marie-Josée Ta Lou]]<br>& [[Cheick Sallah Cissé]]}} {{s-end}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wiruka n'amaguru]] stx25s3tl82vaawagvxzw41ph4p06t9 0 14863 139222 135234 2026-09-23T07:24:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Automatic taxobox|name=Buttonquail|image=Black-breasted Button-quail male inskip.JPG|image_caption=[[Black-breasted buttonquail]] (''Turnix melanogaster'')|taxon=Turnicidae|authority=[[George Robert Gray|GR Gray]], 1840|subdivision_ranks=Genera|subdivision={{linked genus list | Turnix | [[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1791 | Ortyxelos | [[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1825 }}|range_map=Turnicidae rangmap.PNG|range_map_caption=Distribution of the buttonquails}} {| class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%" ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Buttonquail |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Black-breasted_Button-quail_male_inskip.JPG|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |[[Black-breasted buttonquail]] (''Turnix melanogaster'') |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |- ! colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |[[Taxonomy (biology)|Scientific classification]] <span class="plainlinks" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;">[[File:Red_Pencil_Icon.png|link=Template:Taxonomy/Turnicidae| e ]]</span> |- |Kingdom: |[[Animal|Animalia]] |- |Phylum: |[[Chordate|Chordata]] |- |Class: |[[Bird|Aves]] |- |Order: |[[Charadriiformes]] |- |Family: |[[Buttonquail|Turnicidae]]<br /><br /><small>[[George Robert Gray|GR Gray]], 1840</small> |- style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)" |Genera |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: left" | * ''[[Turnix]]'' <small>[[Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre|Bonnaterre]], 1791</small> * ''[[Ortyxelos]]'' <small>[[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1825</small> |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center" |[[File:Turnicidae_rangmap.PNG|frameless]] |- | colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%" |Distribution of the buttonquails |} [[Category:Articles with 'species' microformats]] == Imiterere == ubwoko bwa turnix bwemejwe mu 1791n’umufaransa w’ibinyabuzima muri Pierre Bonnaterre. Izina ryubwoko ni impfunyapfunyo yubwoko bwa ''Coturnix''. ubwoko bwagenwe nyuma nkibisanzwe bisanzwe. <ref>{{Cite book|pages=112, 178, 237}}</ref> '''Turniciformes''' kandi shingiro ku zindi Neoave haba kubera ko umuvuduko wazo wihuse w’ihindagurika rya molekuline warenze imipaka yo kwiyumvamo ivangwa rya ADN-ADN cyangwa kubera ko abanditsi batigeze bagereranya byombi cyangwa byombi. Morphologiya, ADN-ADN ivanga hamwe namakuru akurikirana byerekana ko turnicide ari iyinyoni zo ku nkombe ( Charadriiformes ). <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=268–78}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=2558–73}}</ref> <ref name="Paton06">{{Cite journal|pages=657–67}} </ref> Basa nkaho ari itsinda rya kera muribi, nkuko bigaragazwa na butoquail imeze nka Early Oligocene fosile ''[[Turnipax]]'' hamwe namakuru yakusanyirijwe hamwe. <ref name="Paton06" /> == Ibisobanuro == ubwoko bw'inyoni zose zo kw'isi buto ni inkware, ubwoko bwonyine bwo mu bwoko bwa ''Ortyxelos'', ni 10 cm (3.9 muri) mu burebure kandi ipima 20 gusa. Utubuto two mu bwoko bwa ''Turnix'' kuva kuri 12 kugeza 23 cm (4.7–9.1 muri) mu burebure no gupima hagati ya 30 kugeza 130 g (1.1–4.6 oz) . Bisa nkaho bigaragara nkinkware nyazo zo mu bwoko bwa ''Coturnix'', ariko ziratandukanye nazo mu kubura urutoki rwinyuma nigihingwa <ref name="hbw">{{Cite book|pages=44-59}}</ref> == Ubworozi == Iyi nyoni atera amagi 4 cyangwa 5 hanyuma agashaka uwo bazabana.'ingabo kibyara amagi yera icyarimwe nyuma yiminsi 12 kugeza 15. Imishwi ya precocial iva mucyari nyuma yo kubyara kandi yita kubagabo. Barashobora kuguruka mugihe cibyumweru bibiri kandi bakigenga mugihe cyibyumweru bine. Kubwoko buto gukura kwimibonano mpuzabitsina bigerwaho mumezi atatu. <ref name="hbw">{{Cite book|pages=44-59}}<cite class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDebus1996">Debus, S.J.S. (1996). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:handbookofbirdso0003unse/page/44/mode/1up|"Family Turnicidae (Buttonquails)"]]</span>. In del Hoyo, J.; Elliott, A.; Sargatal, J. (eds.). ''Handbook of the Birds of the World''. Vol.&nbsp;3: Hoatzin to Auks. Barcelona, Spain: Lynx Edicions. pp.&nbsp;44–59. [[ISBN (ibiranga)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Bidasanzwe: Inkomoko y'ibitabo / 978-84-87334-20-7|<bdi>978-84-87334-20-7</bdi>]].</cite> [[Category:CS1: long volume value]]</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Inyoni]] 4kad1ouqgrll3z1ibhf947fwoe9ajr6 0 14893 139474 138150 2026-09-23T09:49:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Marie-Josée Ta Lou London 2017.jpg|thumb|Marie-Josée Ta Lou|313x313px]] '''Gonezie Marie Josée Dominique Ta Lou''' <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-100m-1-01.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190827205716/https://wrs-ag2019g.mev.atos.net/eng/at/engat_athletics-results-women-s-100m-1-01.htm |archive-date=27 August 2019 |access-date=28 August 2019}}</ref> (yavutse ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 1988) ni umukinnyi wo kurushanwa ku maguru wo muri Kote Divuwari muri metero 100 na m 200 . Yaje ku mwanya wa kane muri metero 100 na metero 200 mu mikino Olempike ya 2016, gusa abura umudari muri metero 100 aburaho amasengonda macye cyane (0.007 by'isengonda). Nyuma yaje kwegukanye imidari ya feza muri metero 100 na metero 200 muri Shampiyona y'isi ya 2017,agira agahigo ko kugira ibihe byiza akoresheje amasegonda 22.08. Metero 100 ndetse na amasegonda 10,72 muri 2022 aba umukinnyi wa africa.<ref name=":1" /> == Umwuga == Ta Lou yabanje kwitoza gukina umupira w'amagurugusa aza guhindura akina umukino w'okwiruka abishishikarijwe na musaza we muri 2008. Yatorewe kuba umukinnyi w’umwaka wa Afurika w’umwaka wa 2015 n’ishyirahamwe rya komite z’imikino Olempike muri Afurika. Yize i Paris mu Bufaransa, yiga ubuvuzi muri Université d'Abobo-Adjamé muri Abidjan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2016 |title=Bio – TA LOU Marie-Josee {{!}} NBC Olympics |url=http://results.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=ta-lou-marie-josee-1152026/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819010656/http://results.nbcolympics.com/athletes/athlete=ta-lou-marie-josee-1152026/index.html |archive-date=19 August 2016 |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=nbc.olympics.com}}</ref> Ta Lou wakunda umupira wa maguru. Yakinnye ku ishuri yi gagaho, mu gace ka Koumassi, mu nkengero za Abidjan. U mandimwe we yarabyanze igihe itsinda ryabagore ryagerageje kumwinjiza muri bo, atinya ko azahinduka Akamera nka Bahungu. Inshuti z'inshuti ze zasabye ko niba mushiki we akunda siporo, agomba kwitabira siporo, kuko yari asanzwe akubita abahungu bo mu ishuri rye yiruka. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |title=IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}</ref> Ku bw'amahirwe, Florence Olonade, ufite Umudali wa Kote Divuwari muri metro 100 muri 1988, yari umunyeshuri bigana na Ta Lou, maze atumira Ta Lou ngo akore igeragezwa. Yatsinze abakobwa bitoreza muri Olonade mu kwiruka metero 200, yirukankaga ni birenge kandi atabonye umwanya wo kwitegura. <ref name=":0" /> Mu ntangiriro, ntabwo yashoboraga kwitoza buri gihe, kubera ko yagombaga kwiga impamyabumenyi y'amashuri yisumbuye. Nyina na we yarabyanze, kubera ko yizeraga ko muri siporo harimo gushidikanya cyane, cyane cyane siporo y'abagore. Yashakaga ko Marie-Josée aba umuganga. Ta Lou yahise atera imbere mu ikipe y'igihugu. Mu mpera za Kamena 2007 yari mu ikipe ya Kote Divuwari miruka muri metero 4 × 100 yegukanye umudali wu muringa mu marushanwa ya Afurika y’iburengerazuba yabereye i Cotonou, muri Bénin. Nyuma yaje gukora ikipe ya Kote Divuwari mu marushanwa nyafurika y’abato yabereye i [[Wagadugu]], [[Burukina Faso|Burkina Faso]]. Yarangijeatsinze muri metero 100, akoresheje amasegonda 13.21. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 April 2014 |title=African Junior Championships 2007 |url=http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/AFJC/AFJC2007.html#21005 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407090633/http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/AFJC/AFJC2007.html#21005 |archive-date=7 April 2014 |access-date=3 October 2017}}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2007, yegukanye umwanya wa mbere mu rwego rw'igihugu muri metero 100 mu gihe cy'amasegonda 12.9. Ta Lou yatangiye kwiga ubuvuzi nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye. Muri 2008, yatsindiye metero 100 na metero 200 muri shampiyona y'igihugu. Yabisubiyemo muri Shampiyona yigihugu ya 2009. Muri uwo mwaka, yarangije ari ku mwanya wa karindwi muri metero 200 muri Shampiyona y’Afurika y’iburengerazuba ya 2009 yabereye i Porto-Novo, muri Bénin, akoresheje 25.67 na masegonda 1.8. Kubera ko byari bigoye guhuza imyitozo ngororamubiri n'ishuri ry'ubuvuzi, yarahinduye ajya kwiga ibaruramari. Umutoza we, Florence Onolade, na we yatanze yara mukoresheje cyane, amwohereza nk'umukinnyi ukiri muto ufite ikizere ku mutoza ufite uburambe bwinshi, Jeannot Kouamé, kugira ngo Ta Lou atere imbere kurushaho. === Kuzamuka kare: 2010–2013 === Mu mwaka wa 2010, Ta Lou yagize uruhare rwe rwa mbere ku ruhando mpuzamahanga, arangiza umwanya wa kabiri muri metero 100 mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya Gabriel Tiacoh yabereye i Abidjan mu gihe cy'amasegonda 12.10. Muri Kamena 2010, yongeye gutsinda metero 100 na 200 muri shampiyona y'igihugu. Yaje kwitabira amarushanwa akomeye muri Afurika, arangiza ku mwanya wa gatandatu muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 100 akoresheje amasegonda 12.16. Yirutse kandi muri metero 200. Iyo mpeshyi irangiye, yahawe buruse yimyaka 4 ya siporo mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], n’ishyirahamwe ry’imikino ngororamubiri rya Kote Divuwari. Umutoza we, Jeannot Kouamé, yari yamushishikarije gusaba buruse, kubera ko yashoboraga kubona ubushobozi bwe ariko akumva ko atabishoboye aramutse agumye ku nkombe za [[Kote Divuwari|Kote Divuwari.]] Ta Lou na mugenzi we bakinanaga Wilfried Koffi (wabonye imidali nya Afrika inshuro ebyiri muri metero 100 na metero 200 muri 2014) bimukiye i Shanghai mu mpeshyi. Kubwamahirwe, buruse ntiyatsinzwe kuko amasomo yifuzaga kujyamo, physiotherapie, ntabwo yahawe abanyeshuri babanyamahanga kandi isomo ryonyine ryatangwaga kubanyeshuri bourse ni Mandarin. Abakinnyi b'abanyamahanga na bo bari bemerewe gusa kwitabira imikino ibanza y'imikino ngororamubiri. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |title=IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSampaolo">Sampaolo, Diego. [https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou "IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou| News | iaaf.org"]. ''iaaf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2011, muri Kanama, yitabiriye imikino ya kaminuza y'isi yabereye i Shenzhen mu Bushinwa, muri metero 100 na 200. Yagize ibihe byizaakoresheje amasegonda 11.87 n'amasegonda 24.17. Yabaye kandi uwarangije mu mikino ibiri muri Afurika yabereye muri [[Mozambike]]. Yashyizeho agahigo muri metero100 akoresheje amasegonda 11.56 Muri 2012, yatsindiye umuringa muri Shampiyona nyafurika yabereye i Porto-Novo, muri Bénin muri metero 200 (23.44) no muri metero 4 × 100. Yabaye kandi uwa kane muri metero 100. Yashyizeho ibihe byiza muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza, amasegonda 23.26. Ibi bivuze kandi ko yageze ku rwego rwa B mu mikino Olempike. Yashyizwe mu ikipe ya Kote Divuwari ariko yimurwa igihe [[Murielle Ahouré]] yabonaga umwanya umujyana mu marushanwa. === Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga: 2013–2015 === Muri 2013 yatsinze muri metero 100 na 200 muri Gabriel Tiacoh ari imbere y'imbaga y'iwabo i Abidjan. Yitabiriye imikino ya kaminuza yisi yabereye i Kazan muri Nyakanga, agera muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 100 arangiza umunani ku mukino wa nyuma wa metero 200 akoresheje ibihe ccy'amasegonda 23.63. bitewe na n'Igihe yarwaye malariya, bivuze ko igihe cye cya 11.58 cyashyizwe mu nama ya Gabriel Tiacoh kizakomeza kuba cyiza muri shampiyona. Yakoraga guhuza imyitozo ngororamubiri n’amasomo ye muri Shanghai bityo muri Kanama, ahitamo gusubira muri Kote Divuwari. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |title=IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSampaolo">Sampaolo, Diego. [https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou "IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou| News | iaaf.org"]. ''iaaf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Abahoze ari abatoza be, Onolade na Kouamé bamufashije kugerageza kwiyandikisha muri kimwe mu bigo byigisha imyitozo ngororamubiri muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba i Lomé muri [[Togo]] cyangwa Dakar muri Senegali. Yashyizwe kurutonde rwabategereje gusiganwa. Umwanya wafunguwe mu gihe cyizuba igihe umukinnyi umwe yahisemo kutazafata umwanya wabo muri Senegali. Umutoza w'ikipe ya Dakar HPTC, Anthony Koffi, umutoza wa Amantle Montsho, yasunikiraga Ta Lou kuba umusimbura. Ta Lou yabonye umwanya we mu Kuboza 2013. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |title=IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSampaolo">Sampaolo, Diego. [https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou "IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou| News | iaaf.org"]. ''iaaf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Amahugurwa mashya yatanze ibisubizo byihuse. Mu nama ya Gabriel Tiacoh, irushanwa rye rya mbere yakinnye na Ahouré kuva yimuka, yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri n'ibihe byiza w'amasegonda 11.24. Yatsinze kandi metero 200 mu gihe cya masegonda 23.43. Yasinyanye kandi n’ikipe y’Abafaransa (Paris 'Stade Français) kugira ngo ashobore guhatanira umwanya w’imikino ngororamubiri mu Bufaransa. Muri Kanama 2013 yitabiriye amarushanwa ya Afurika muri Kanama i Marrakech. Muri metero 100 yegukanye umudari w'umuringa muri 11.20, Mugisha Okagbare adahari, yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri muri metero 200, ku giti cye akoresheje amasegonda 22.87, kwiruka kwe bwa mbere munsi yamasegonda 23. Yatsindiye undi mudali wa feza hamwe na metero 4 × 100. Bitewe n'ibisubizo bye, yatoranijwe mu ikipe ya Afurika mu gikombe cya IAAF ku mugabane wa Nzeri, aho yaje ku mwanya wa kane muri metero 100 muri 11.28 na gatanu muri metero 200 muri 22.78, undi mudali ku giti cye.[[Dosiye:200_m_women_podium_London_2017.jpg|thumb| Ta Lou numudari we wa metero 200 muri silver mumikino yisi ya 2017]] Nyuma y’umusaruro mwiza yagize muri 2014, yahawe buruse ya Solidarity olempike yo kwitegura imikino Olempike 2016 . Yabonye kandi umufasha, umutaliyani Federico Rosa, wamufashije kubona umwanya we kumurongo wo gutangira mumikino mpuzamahanga. Ibi bivuze ko yashoboye kwitabira ibirori byinshi muri 2015, kugirango yitegure Shampiyona yisi muri uwo mwaka. Yirukanye metero 100 akoresha amasegonda 11.08 yatsindiye Dakar World Challenge muri Gicurasi 2015. Yatkoresheje ibihe byiza amasegonda 11.06 mu nama ya Paris Diamond League ku ya 4 Nyakanga, yinjiye bwa mbere muri Diamond League. Yirutse munsi yamasegonda 23 inshuro eshatu muri 2015. Umutoza we yashyizeho intego yo kugera muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri Shampiyona yisi. Yaratsinze, kandi ntiyabura gukora umukino wa nyuma, kuko yabaye uwa 3 muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 100 na 200. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |title=IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSampaolo">Sampaolo, Diego. [https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou "IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou| News | iaaf.org"]. ''iaaf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Yashyizeho agahigo muri metero 100 ku masegonda 11.04. Yashyizeho igihe amasegonda 10.95 ariko ibyo byari birenze urugero rwo gufasha ubufasha. Muri metero 200, yakoresheje igihe nabi maze akoresha 22.73 kugirango atsinde irushawa, nubwo yirukanaga afite ubumenyi yahawe ni nshuti ye Cynthia Bolingo. Yirutse cyane muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza, 22.56, ariko ikibabaje ni amasegonda magana atatu ya gatatu ya kabiri mugihe gito cyo gushaka itike. Muri iyo mikino nyafurika muri uwo mwaka, yatsindiye inshuro ebyiri, mu bihe byiza mugihe abo bakinana bombi Blessing Okagbare na [[Murielle Ahouré]] badahari. Muri metero 100, yirukanye umuntu mwiza hamwe nigihe gishya cyo gukina imikino ya 11.02. Yahawe igihembo cy'umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bagore mu mikino yo muri Afurika yose kandi ahabwa igihembo muri ANOC Awards i Washington mu Gushyingo. Yitabiriye amarushanwa yo mu nzu yaberaga mu 2016 . Yageze kumukino wanyuma ariko gutangira nabi kumukino wanyuma byatumye metero 60 zi mbi cyane muri bihe byose. Nyuma yaje mu ihuriro muri Doha Diamond League, amukomeretsa ibumoso kandi ajyanwa mu nzira n’abamurwanyaga. Imvune yamubujije imyitozo ukwezi. Yagarutse mu marushanwa muri Birmingham Diamond League ku ya 5 Kamena. I Durban muri Shampiyona nyafurika, yatwaye imidari ibiri ya bronze. Umwe yari muri metero 100 (inyuma yumugore Murielle Ahouré na Carina Horn wo muri Afrika yepfo) undi muri metero 4 × 100, mbere yo gutsinda Alyssa Conley wo muri Afrika yepfo 0.03 kugirango yegukane igikombe cya Afrika muri m 200. Nyuma, yari mu ikipe ya Cote Divuwari yashyizeho amateka mashya ya 4 × 100 m amasegonda 43.28 i Cape Coast, muri Gana. Yatangiye nabi muri metero 100 muri Monaco Diamond League ku ya 15 Nyakanga. Ligue ya Diamond League yagenze neza kuri Ta Lou, kuko yirutse 10.96, yerekeza mumutwe, inshuro ebyiri gutsinda metero 100. === Intsinzi ku isi yose: 2016 - ubungubu === Yitwaye neza cyane mu mikino Olempike ya Rio. Yageze ku mukino wa nyuma arangiza ari uwa 4 muri metero 100 na 200 m. Mu kwiruka kwe harimo yari mushya akoresha amasegonda 10.94 muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza. ko ibyagezweho byabanje kuryoha nko gutenguha cyane. Yashyizeho agahigo ga nshya ya 10.94 kugirango ijye mu mukino wa nyuma wa metero 100 ku nshuro ya 7. Ta Lou yarangije igihe kimwe na Shelly-Anne Fraser-Pryce kumukino wanyuma wa metero 100 kugeza kumunani wa kabiri naho [[Kote Divuwari]] yatakaje umudari mu kurangiz irushanwa kubihe 0.007, 10.852 kugeza 10.859. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |title=IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSampaolo">Sampaolo, Diego. [https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou "IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou| News | iaaf.org"]. ''iaaf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Muri metero 200, yirutse amasegonda 0.5 kurusha ibihe byiza byashize, atsindira ubushyuhe bwe bushya bwa 22.31 nubwo yarwaye ibicurane. Yongeye kugenda byihuse muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza afite umwanya wa 22.28. Ku mukino wa nyuma, yashyizeho amateka mashya y’igihugu, afite umwanya wa 22.21, amasegonda 0.03 yihuta kurusha Murielle Ahouré. 2017 ntiyatangiye neza kuri Ta Lou kuko yari arwaye igihe kinini cy'itumba. Nyuma yigihembwe cyo mu nzu, yasubije kubura imyitozo muri shampiyona yo hanze, ashyiraho agahigo gashya mu gihugu muri metero 200, 22.16, i Lausanne ku ya 6 Nyakanga. Nyuma yatsindiye Monaco Diamond League metero200. Yahise asubira mu rugo Abidjan kugira ngo ahagararire muri metero 4 × 100 mu mikino ya Francophone. Nibihugu byakiriye zahabu yambere muri iri rushanwa. Mu marushanwa y'isi ya 2017, yatsindiye ifeza muri metero 100, abura zahabu, kuko yayoboye amasiganwa menshi. Yakurikiranye ibi hamwe nundi mudari wa feza muri metero 200, ashyiraho agahigo gashya mu gihugu ya 22.08 muriki gikorwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Sampaolo |first=Diego |title=IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou{{!}} News {{!}} iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou |access-date=3 October 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFSampaolo">Sampaolo, Diego. [https://www.iaaf.org/news/feature/hard-work-pays-off-in-london-for-globe-trotting-ta-lou "IAAF: Hard work pays off in London for globe-trotting Ta Lou| News | iaaf.org"]. ''iaaf.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} * Marie-Josée Ta Lou at World Athletics * Marie-Josée Ta Lou at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived) {{s-start}} {{s-sports|oly}} {{succession box|before=[[Murielle Ahouré]]|title=[[List of flag bearers for Ivory Coast at the Olympics|Flagbearer]] for {{CIV}}|years=[[2020 Summer Olympics|Tokyo 2020]]<br />with <br />[[Cheick Sallah Cissé]]|after=''Incumbent''}} {{s-end}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 1hz0fmkdpyj6y07s8ypkkbrhrc0wbb3 0 14911 139475 122486 2026-09-23T09:49:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139475 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ndiss Kaba Badji''' (wavutse ku ya 21 Nzeri 1983) ni umukinnyi wu munya [[Senegali|Senegal]] uhatanira gusimbuka birebire no gusimbuka gatatu. Niwe ufite agahigo ko muri Senegal mu gusimbuka gatatu, metero 17.07 yagezeho ubwo yatsindaga Shampiyona nyafurika 2008 . yasimbutse ahantu hafite uburebure bwa metero 8.32, yabigezeho mu Kwakira 2009 i Beirut, afasha kwegukana umudari wa feza muri Jeux de la Francophonie 2009. == Umwuga == Badji yegukanye umudari wa feza muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya bato mu 2001. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Junior Championships |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afj.htm |access-date=27 January 2009 |website=GBR Athletics |publisher=Athletics Weekly}}</ref> Yaje kwitabira amarushanwa y’isi y’abatarengeje imyaka 2002 yabereye i Kingston, muri [[Jamayika|Jamayike]]. yarangirije kumwanya wa cyenda mu gusimbuka gatatu. Mu marushanwa maremare yo gusimbuka yasohotse mu cyiciro afite amanota 7.37. Yabuze icyiciro cya nyuma kuri santimetero imwe gusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Results - LONG JUMP - Men - Qualification |url=http://www2.iaaf.org/WJC02/Results/data/M/LJ/Rq.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090322001627/http://www2.iaaf.org/WJC02/Results/data/M/LJ/Rq.html |archive-date=22 March 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009 |publisher=IAAF}}</ref> Ibyiza bye ku giti cye icyo gihe byari metero 7.83 mu gusimbuka aharehare na metero 16.30 mu gusimbuka gatatu, byombi byageze i Dakar. Nyuma icyo gihembwe yangize umwanya wa gatanu muri Shampiyona nyafurika mu gusimbuka. Yasimbutse 7.90, akoresheje amasegonda 3.6. <ref name="bio" /> Mu 2003 yarangije kumwanya wa gatanu muri Universiade yegukana umudari wa feza mu mikino yabereye muri Afurika yose yabereye i [[Abuja]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=All-Africa Games |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afg.htm |access-date=27 January 2009 |website=GBR Athletics |publisher=Athletics Weekly}}</ref> Intera ye yagezeyo - metero 7,92 - yari nziza cyane ku giticye. == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == === Gutera imbere no kugwa === Mu 2004 Badji yarenze kubipimo maze asimbuka metero 8 ku nshuro ya mbere, asimbuka metero 8.00 mu nama yabereye mu nzu i Gashyantare i Moscou. Muri Werurwe yitabiriye amarushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu nzu, nubwo atageze ku mukino wa nyuma. Ariko, yifashishije ibisubizo bye m 8.00 mugihe cyo hanze. Yatsindiye umudari wa feza muri Shampiyona nyafurika muri Nyakanga, maze ku ya 1 Kanama asimbuka metero 8,20 ku butumburuke bwohejuru. Mu mikino Olempike nyuma y'ibyumweru bitatu, gusa ariko, yananiwe kugera mu cyiciro cya nyuma. Hanyuma, mu kizamini cya IAAF kitari mu marushanwa cyakozwe muri Werurwe 2005, Badji yipimishije ibintu bitemewe na androstenedione. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yabujijwe kwitabira [[siporo]] hagati ya Kamena 2005 na Gicurasi 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletes Sanctioned for a Doping Offence Committed During 2005 |url=http://www.iaaf.org/newsfiles/33165.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930213445/http://www.iaaf.org/newsfiles/33165.pdf |archive-date=30 September 2007 |access-date=27 January 2009 |publisher=IAAF}}</ref> === agaruka === Badji yagarutse avuye mu bihano aza muri shampiyona mu 2007. Muri kamena muri Algiers yagiye gusimbuka uburebure bya metero 8.11. Mu mikino ya Afurika Yose yabereye mu mujyi umwe nyuma y'ukwezi kumwe yatsindiye amarushanwa yo gusimbuka inshuro eshatu, afite ibyiza bishya bya metero 16.80. Yinjiye mu marushanwa y'isi ya 2007 yabereye Osaka, aho yaje ku mwanya wa karindwi mu marushanwa yo gusimbuka. Niwe muntu wenyine wo muri Senegal wageze ku mukino wa nyuma mu mikino Olempike ya 2008. Yateganijwe kandi kwinjira mu gusimbuka gatatu, ariko ntabwo yarushanwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Triple Jump - M - Qualification |url=http://osaka2007.iaaf.org/results/gender=M/discipline=TJ/combCode=hash/roundCode=q/result.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070913222953/http://osaka2007.iaaf.org/results/gender=M/discipline=TJ/combCode=hash/roundCode=q/result.html |archive-date=13 September 2007 |access-date=27 January 2009 |publisher=IAAF}}</ref> Muri 2008 yateye imbere kurushaho. Muri Shampiyona nyafurika yarushanwe mu gusimbuka gatatu, ariko yegukana umudari wa zahabu hamwe nu mudari w'igihugu metero 17.07. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Triple Jump/Triple Saut Men |url=http://www.addis2008.org/Results/Data/at/asm/032/004/cgcgr3atasm032c004001.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203151539/http://www.addis2008.org/Results/Data/at/asm/032/004/cgcgr3atasm032c004001.html |archive-date=3 December 2008 |access-date=27 January 2009 |publisher=16th African Athletics Championships Organizing Committee}}</ref> Mu mikino Olempike muri Kanama yarangije ku mwanya wa gatandatu mu marushanwa maremare yo gusimbuka afite ibihe byiza bya metero 8.16. Na none yinjiye mu gusimbuka gatatu, ariko yangiza ibyo yasimbutse byose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Triple Jump - M - Qualification |url=http://www.iaaf.org/oly08/results/eventCode=3659/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=TJ/combCode=hash/roundCode=q/results.html#detM_TJ_hash_q |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090717162410/http://www.iaaf.org/oly08/results/eventCode=3659/bydiscipline/disctype=4/sex=M/discCode=TJ/combCode=hash/roundCode=q/results.html#detM_TJ_hash_q |archive-date=17 July 2009 |access-date=27 January 2009 |publisher=IAAF}}</ref> Ku mukino wa nyuma w’imikino ngororamubiri ku isi ya 2008 yarangije umwanya wa karindwi mu gusimbuka birebire nu munani mu gusimbuka gatatu. <ref name="bio" /> Mu ntangiriro za 2009 hatangijwe ko Badji yahawe umudari wa zahabu n'ikinyamakuru Le Soleil. Yatorewe kandi kuba umukinnyi w’umwaka n’itangazamakuru rya siporo ryo muri Senegali. == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{SEN}} |- |rowspan=2|2001 |rowspan=2|[[African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Réduit, Mauritius]] |4th |Long jump |7.08 m<ref name="WJAH">{{cite web |url=http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/AFJC/AFJC2001.html#20082 |title= |website=www.wjah.co.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111023135440/http://www.wjah.co.uk/wojc/AFJC/AFJC2001.html |archive-date=23 October 2011}}</ref> |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |15.09 m<ref name="WJAH"/> |- |rowspan=3|2002 |rowspan=2|[[2002 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Kingston, Jamaica]] |15th (q) |Long jump |[[2002 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|7.37 m]] <small>(wind: -1.5&nbsp;m/s)</small> |- |9th |Triple jump |[[2002 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's triple jump|15.29 m]] <small>(wind: +0.3&nbsp;m/s)</small> |- |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Radès]], [[Tunisia]] |5th |Long jump |7.90 m |- |rowspan=2|2003 |[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Abuja, Nigeria]] |bgcolor=silver| 2nd |Long jump |7.92 m |- |[[Athletics at the 2003 Afro-Asian Games|Afro-Asian Games]] |[[Hyderabad]], India |bgcolor=silver| 2nd |Long jump |7.86 m |- |rowspan=3|2004 |[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Budapest, Hungary]] |22nd (q) |Long jump |[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's long jump|7.54 m]] |- |[[2004 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo]] |bgcolor=silver| 2nd |Long jump |7.86 m |- |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Athens, Greece]] |27th (q) |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|7.74 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2005 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games|Islamic Solidarity Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Mecca, Saudi Arabia]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games – Results#Long jump|8.02 m]] |- |bgcolor=silver| 2nd |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2005 Islamic Solidarity Games – Results#Triple jump|16.34 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2007 |[[2007 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Osaka, Japan]] |7th |Long jump |[[2007 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|8.01 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Algiers, Algeria]] |5th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games – Men's long jump|7.84 m]] |- |bgcolor=gold| 1st |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games – Men's triple jump|16.80 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2008 |[[2008 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]] |bgcolor=gold| 1st |Triple jump |[[2008 African Championships in Athletics – Men's triple jump|17.07 m]] (NR) |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Beijing, China]] |6th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|8.16 m]] |- | – |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's triple jump|NM]] |- |rowspan=3|2009 |[[Athletics at the 2009 Summer Universiade|Universiade]] |[[Belgrade, Serbia]] |bgcolor=silver| 2nd |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2009 Summer Universiade – Men's long jump|8.19 m]] (w) |- |[[2009 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Berlin, Germany]] |18th (q) |Long jump |[[2009 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|7.98 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Beirut, Lebanon]] |bgcolor=silver| 2nd |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results|8.32 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2010 |[[2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Doha, Qatar]] |6th |Long jump |[[2010 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's long jump|7.86 m]] |- |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Nairobi, Kenya]] |bgcolor=silver| 2nd |Long jump |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|8.10 m]] |- |2011 |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Maputo, Mozambique]] |bgcolor=cc9966| 3rd |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Men's long jump|7.83 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2012 |[[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Istanbul, Turkey]] |5th |Long jump |[[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's long jump|7.97 m]] |- |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Porto Novo, Benin]] |bgcolor=gold| 1st |Long jump |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|8.04 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[London, United Kingdom]] |24th (q) |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|7.66 m]] |- |2013 |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Moscow, Russia]] |22nd (q) |Long jump |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|7.62 m]] |- |2014 |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Marrakech, Morocco]] |8th |Long jump |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|7.61 m]] (w) |} == Reba == {{Reflist}}{{s-start}} {{s-sports|oly}} {{succession box|before=[[Leyti Seck]]|title=[[List of flag bearers for Senegal at the Olympics|Flagbearer]] for {{SEN}}|years=[[2012 Summer Olympics|2012 London]]|after=[[Isabelle Sambou]]}} {{s-end}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 6j5dz2ww4z1q0v1txlmuviot1n1l2j0 0 14958 139448 126989 2026-09-23T09:45:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139448 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amy Sène''' (wavutse ku ya 6 Mata 1986) ni umukinnyi w’imikino ngororamubiri ukomoka mu gihugu cya [[Senegali|Senegal]] ufite ubwenegihugu bwu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] uhatanira gutera Umuhunda. Niwe ufite umuhigo nyafurika ufite ibihe byiza muri metero 69.70. Sène yatsinze inshuro eshatu muri Shampiyona nyafurika kandi yegukanye umudari wa zahabu mu mikino ya Afurika Yose ya 2011 ndetse anegukana umudari wa silver mu mikino yo muri Afurika 2015 . Yitabiriye kandi imikino Olempike ya 2012 na Olempike yo mu 2016 . Yavukiye i Lorient ku babyeyi baba nya Senegal, yahisemo guhagararira Senegali ku rwego mpuzamahanga kuva mu 2010. <ref>[https://archive.today/20130416062431/http://www.webcaa.org/eng/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=689Amy Sene crowned as the best Senegalese sports person in 2010]. [[Confederation of African Athletics]]. Retrieved on 2012-07-09.</ref> Amahugurwa na Stade Rennais Athletisme club, yabaye shampiyo w’abato mu Bufaransa mu 2005 kandi yarushanwe mu gihugu yavukiyemo mu marushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri ubatarengeje 23 yo mu 2007 . Yakuyeho metero mirongo itandatu kunshuro yambere muri uwo mwaka, ashyiraho ibihe byiza bya metero 62.00 muri Kamena. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180923155211/http://bases.athle.com/asp.net/athletes.aspx?base=biographies&seq=43564554455450494950&structure=0 Amy Sene]. FFA. Retrieved on 2012-07-09.</ref> Yateye imbere agera kuri metero 63.44 muri 2009 kandi yegukana igikombe cya shampiyona yubufaransa muri Nice muri 2010. <ref name="IAAFBio">[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/biographies/country=sen/athcode=231462/index.html Sene Amy]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2012-07-09.</ref> . <ref>Watta, Evelyn (2012-06-30). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/newsid=65508.html Montsho and Makwala take 400m titles in Porto-Novo – African champs, Day 3]. [[IAAF]]. Retrieved on 2012-06-30.</ref> == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable}} |- !Umwaka !Amarushanwa !Igihugu !Umwanya !uburebbure |- |2007 |[[2007 European Athletics U23 Championships|European U23 Championships]] |[[Debrecen, Hungary]] |16th (q) |[[2007 European Athletics U23 Championships – Women's hammer throw|57.85 m]] |- !colspan="5"|Representing {{SEN}} |- |2010 |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Nairobi, Kenya]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |[[2010 African Championships in Athletics – Women's hammer throw|64.11 m]] (NR) |- |rowspan=2|2011 |[[2011 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Daegu, South Korea]] |23rd (q) |[[2011 World Championships in Athletics – Women's hammer throw|66.15 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Maputo, Mozambique]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Women's hammer throw|61.48 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2012 |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Porto Novo, Benin]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |[[2012 African Championships in Athletics – Women's hammer throw|65.55 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[London, United Kingdom]] |32nd (q) |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's hammer throw|65.49 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2013 |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Moscow, Russia]] |23rd (q) |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's hammer throw|65.58 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Nice, France]] |7th |[[Athletics at the 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#Hammer throw 2|65.13 m]] |- |2014 |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Marrakech, Morocco]] |bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics – Women's hammer throw|64.66 m]] |- |2015 |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games|African Games]] |[[Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo]] |bgcolor="silver" | 2nd |[[Athletics at the 2015 African Games – Women's hammer throw|63.64 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2016 |[[2016 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Durban, South Africa]] |bgcolor="gold" | 1st |[[2016 African Championships in Athletics – Women's hammer throw|68.35 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]] |25th (q) |[[Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's hammer throw|64.83 m]] |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 4uutln4jzfyzaeqacbpuy29hpnf8qtz 0 14969 139476 122562 2026-09-23T09:49:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cheikh Tidiane Touré''' (yavutse ku ya 25 Mutarama 1970) ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga [[Ubufaransa|w’umufaransa]] wavukiye muri [[Senegali]] wazobereye mu gusimbuka ahantu harehare. Yasezeye uyu mukino nyuma yigihembwe cya 2003. Ibihe byiza yagize ndetse n'imyitwarire myiza mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yaje muri Shampiyona yisi 1997, aho yarangije ku mwanya wa 7. Gusimbuka kwe ku giti cye ni metero 8.46, nibyo yagezeho muri Bad Langensalza ku ya 15 Kamena 1997. Nkuko ibi byabaye mbere yuko aba umwenegihugu w’Ubufaransa, aka gahigo yakagize muri afurika aho yamaze imyaka irenga cumi n'ibiri ntawundi uraca ako gahigo, kakuweho na Ignisious Gaisah wo muri [[Gana]] yasimbutse metero 8.51 muri Shampiyona nyafurika ya 2006, ariko kubera ko umuyaga wari mwinshi cyane ( amasegonda 3.7) ako gahigo ntago kabaye gashyashya [http://www.iaaf.org/news/Kind=2/newsId=35621.html] . Ku ya 4 Nyakanga 2009, Godfrey Khotso Mokoena wo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] yasimbutse metero 8,50 i [[Madrid]] ashyiraho agahigo mashya. == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !Umwaka !Amarushanwa !Igihugu !Umwanya !Igihe !Uburebure |- |1988 |[[1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |[[Greater Sudbury|Sudbury, Canada]] |33rd (q) |Long jump |[[1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|6.49 m]] |- |1989 |[[Athletics at the 1989 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Casablanca]], Morocco |7th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 1989 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#Long jump|7.48 m]] |- |rowspan=2|1994 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |rowspan=2|[[Bondoufle]], France |6th |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#4 × 100 meters relay|40.69 s]] |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#Long jump|8.06 m]] |- |rowspan=3|1995 |[[1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Barcelona]], Spain |6th (q) |Long jump |[[1995 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's long jump|7.86 m]]¹ |- |[[1995 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Gothenburg]], Sweden |18th (q) |Long jump |[[1995 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|7.85 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 1995 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Harare]], Zimbabwe |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |8.10 m |- |rowspan=2|1996 |[[1996 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Yaoundé]], Cameroon |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Long jump |7.79 m |- |[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Atlanta]], United States |16th (q) |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|7.91 m]] |- |rowspan=3|1997 |[[1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Paris]], France |13th (q) |Long jump |[[1997 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's long jump|7.84 m]] |- |[[1997 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Athens]], Greece |7th |Long jump |[[1997 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|7.98 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 1997 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Antananarivo]], Madagascar |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |8.19 m |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{FRA}} |- |1999 |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Seville]], Spain |23rd (q) |Long jump |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics – Men's long jump|7.76 m]] |- |2000 |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Sydney]], Australia |20th (q) |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's long jump|7.87 m]] |- |2001 |[[Athletics at the 2001 Mediterranean Games|Mediterranean Games]] |[[Radès]], Tunisia |6th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2001 Mediterranean Games – Results#Long jump|7.76 m]] |}¹ Nta kimenyetso kirangiza == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Cheikh Touré at World Athletics [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] pbbt3i68f7hptuwevo0m6kst34m3npe 0 14994 139295 100586 2026-09-23T07:42:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139295 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alexis Sharangabo''' (wavutse ku ya 9 Ugushyingo 1978) ni umukinnyi w' [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] wabigize umwuga mu kwiruka, waretse kwiruka mu ntera yo hagati, maze atangira kwiruka muri metero 1500 . Yahagarariye igihugu cye mu mikino Olempike ibiri, mu 1996 na 2000, ananirwa kugera muri kimwe cya kabiri. Sharangabo yarushanwe muri Brevard College i Brevard, muri Karoline ya Ruguru yegukana igikombe cya Shampiyona ya NAIA mu bagabo mu 2000 ndetse no muri 2003. Yinjijwe mu Nzu y'ibyamamare ya Brevard College mu 2014. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Brevard College |url=https://bctornados.com/information/inside-athletics/Hall_of_Fame |website=Brevard College |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2019-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211013253/https://www.bctornados.com/information/inside-athletics/Hall_of_Fame |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Writer |first=Ron Wagner Times-News Staff |title=Brevard may have seen its best ever |url=https://www.blueridgenow.com/article/20010713/news/606058193 |website=Hendersonville Times-News}}</ref> == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !Umwaka !Amarushanwa !Igihugu !Umwanya !Uburebure !Igihe |- |rowspan=3|1994 |[[Athletics at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Bondoufle, France]] |8th (h) |1500 m |[[Athletics at the 1994 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#1500 meters|3:48.97]]¹ |- |rowspan=2|[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] |36th (h) |800m |[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:56.06]] |- |19th (h) |1500m |[[1994 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 1500 metres|3:51.60]] |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{flag|Rwanda|1962}} |- |rowspan=2|1996 |[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Atlanta, United States]] |45th (h) |1500 m |[[Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres|3:46.42]] |- |[[1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |[[Sydney, Australia]] |27th (h) |1500 m |[[1996 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 1500 metres|3:57.01]] |- |rowspan=2|1997 |[[1997 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Athens, Greece]] |40th (h) |1500 m |[[1997 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 1500 metres|3:44.95]] |- |[[Athletics at the 1997 Summer Universiade|Universiade]] |[[Catania, Italy]] |21st (h) |1500 m |[[Athletics at the 1997 Summer Universiade – Men's 1500 metres|3:51.89]] |- |rowspan=2|1999 |[[1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Maebashi, Japan]] |17th (h) |1500 m |[[1999 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Men's 1500 metres|3:49.81]] |- |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Johannesburg, South Africa]] | – |1500 m |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Men's 1500 metres|DNF]] |- |2000 |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Sydney, Australia]] |34th (h) |1500 m |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres|3:44.06]] |- |rowspan=3|2001 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |rowspan=2|[[Ottawa, Canada]] |6th |1500 m |[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#1500 meters|3:46.85]] |- |6th |5000 m |[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#5000 meters|13:57.79]] |- |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Edmonton, Canada]] |29th (h) |1500 m |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 1500 metres|3:42.72]] |}¹ Ntabwo yarangije kumukino wanyuma == Ibyiza byawe bwite == '''Hanze''' * Metero 800 - 1: 49.35 (Nassau 1999) '''NR''' * Metero 1500 - 3: 38.16 (Palo Alto 2000) '''NR''' * Ikirometero kimwe - 3: 57.82 (Falmouth 2000) '''Mu nzu''' * Metero 1500 - 3: 49.81 (Maebashi 1999) '''NR''' == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 3s7a4xu3v7xv7z15skyp5pecq0b7pgf 0 15005 139264 92627 2026-09-23T07:33:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139264 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Longtoedlapwing.JPG|thumb]] Long Toed Lapwing ni inyoni yo mubwoko bwa charadridae. iboneka mu [[Rwanda]] ,Angola, boswana ,Burundi, cameroon chad,congo ethiopia,kenya, malawi, mozambique, namibia Nigeria, Africa y'epfo, sudan, tanzania,uganda, zambiya,zimbabwe.[https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/delhi-news/varied-increased-sightings-bird-day-goes-bigger-this-year-101676140848319.html][https://www.birdguides.com/articles/review-of-the-week/review-of-the-week-27-june-3-july-2022/] 7t43mw16h8shc4ttpqyhkub4akfqn2l 0 15031 139430 134794 2026-09-23T09:43:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139430 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Françoise Mbango Etone''' (yavutse ku ya 14 Mata 1976) ni umukinnyi w’imikino ngororamubiri wabigize umwuga ukomoka i Yaoundé mu gihugu cya [[Kameruni]]. Yagiye mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga atandukanye mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] kuva mu 2010. Mu gihe yarushanwaga afatanyije na Kameruni, Etone begukanye umudari wa zahabu inshuro 2 mu mikino Olempike yo gusimbuka ushuro eshatu mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2004 yabereye muri Atenayi, mu [[Ubugereki|Bugereki]] no mu mikino Olempike ya 2008 yabereye i Beijing mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]]. Yatsindiye imikino Olempike mu gusimbuka gatatu yashyizehoagahigo muri metero 15.39 mu mikino Olempike yabereye i Beijing mu 2008. Muri M 15.39 m mu gusimbuka gatatu harehare mu bagore batatu basimbuka mubihe byose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women's triple jump |url=http://www.alltime-athletics.com/wtripleok.htm}}</ref> Abagore 25 gusa ni bo ba simbuka metero 15, Etone yasimbutse hejuru ya metero 15 kuri 7 kugeza kuri 11 yagaragaye ku mukino wa nyuma mu mikino Olempike wenyine. Etone kandi yari umuhanga muremure wasimbutse wabaye uwa kabiri muri Shampiyona nyafurika mu 1999. Etone niwe mukinnyi wa mbere w’abakobwa bahagarariye Kameruni wegukanye imidari mu mikino ya Commonwealth, Shampiyona yisi n’imikino Olempike. Yabaye buruse muri gahunda ya Olempike Solidarity kuva mu Gushyingo 2002. Mu mwaka w'amashuri wa 2005–06, yabaga mu mujyi wa New York kuri bourse yo kwiga muri kaminuza ya Mutagatifu Yohani i Queens, muri New York. Bourse yashobotse ku bufatanye n’isosiyete ikora amashanyarazi muri Amerika AES Sonel hamwe na Ambasaderi w’Amerika muri Kameruni, Niels Marquardt. Yahisemo kaminuza ya Mutagatifu Yohani kugira ngo yige (hamwe na murumuna we, Berthe) kubera ko ishuri ryashyigikiraga gahunda z'umuco muri Kameruni. == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !Igihugu !Amarushanwa !Igihugu !Umwanya !Uburebure !Igihe |- |1996 |[[1996 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Yaoundé, Cameroon]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Triple jump |12.51 m |- |rowspan=3|1998 |[[1998 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Dakar, Senegal]] |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |13.80 m |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia]] |10th |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Women's long jump|6.11 m]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 1998 Commonwealth Games – Women's triple jump|13.95 m]] |- |rowspan=3|1999 |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Seville, Spain]] |13th (q) |Triple jump |[[1999 World Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.12 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Johannesburg, South Africa]] |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's long jump|6.55 m]] |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 1999 All-Africa Games – Women's triple jump|14.70 m]] |- |rowspan=4|2000 |rowspan=2|[[2000 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Algiers, Algeria]] |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |4 × 100 m relay |46.97 |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |13.87 m |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Sydney, Australia]] |24th (h) |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|45.82]] |- |10th |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's triple jump|13.53 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2001 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |rowspan=2|[[Ottawa]], Canada |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Long jump |[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#Long jump 2|6.37 m]] |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2001 Jeux de la Francophonie – Results#Triple jump 2|14.56 m]] |- |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Edmonton]], Canada |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.60 m]] |- |rowspan=3|2002 |[[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |[[Manchester, United Kingdom]] |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games – Women's triple jump|14.82 m]] |- |rowspan=2|[[2002 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Radès, Tunisia]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Long jump |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's long jump|6.68 m]] (w) |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |[[2002 African Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.95 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2003 |[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Birmingham, United Kingdom]] |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[2003 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump|14.88 m]] |- |[[2003 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |Paris, France |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Triple jump |[[2003 World Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|15.05 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2004 |[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |[[Budapest, Hungary]] |6th |Triple jump |[[2004 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's triple jump|14.62 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Athens, Greece]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Women's triple jump|15.30 m]] |- |rowspan=2|2008 |[[2008 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Addis Ababa, Ethiopia]] |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |[[2008 African Championships in Athletics – Women's triple jump|14.76 m]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |Beijing, China |bgcolor=gold|1st |Triple jump |[[Athletics at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Women's triple jump|15.39 m]] |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{FRA}} |- |2012 |[[2012 European Athletics Championships|European Championships]] |[[Helsinki, Finland]] |8th |Triple jump |[[2012 European Athletics Championships – Women's triple jump|14.19 m]] |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Françoise Mbango Etone at World Athletics * Françoise Mbango Etone at the International Olympic Committee * Françoise Mbango at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived) [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 1osrhmt6tf5tinpzbgicln4eqt6rk5h 0 15084 139517 117224 2026-09-23T10:02:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139517 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Prince Mumba Hoka16.jpg|thumb|'''Moses Mumba''']] '''Moses Mumba''' Yavukiye i Kitwe mu gihugu cya Zambiya kandi yari umukinnyi wabigize umwuga mu marushanwa yo gusiganwa ku maguru muri metero 800 . Yahagarariye Zambiya mu 2004 na Olempike ya 2012 . Mumba yitabiriye amarushanwa atatu mu gikombe cy'isi, mu mikino ngororamubiri (IAAF). Mu myaka ya 2005, 2009 na 2011 , yaserukiye igihugu cye cya Zambiya mu mikino ibiri ya Afurika. Muri 2007 na 2011 , <ref name="smtc">{{Cite web |last=Athletes |title=Prince Mumba |url=http://www.santamonicatrackclub.org/athletes/2012/05/16/prince-mumba/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811235657/http://www.santamonicatrackclub.org/athletes/2012/05/16/prince-mumba/ |archive-date=11 August 2012 |access-date=27 July 2012 |publisher=Santa Monica Track Club}}</ref> yari umutozawo'abasiganwa ku maguru mu ishuri muri Californiya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 November 2010 |title=Windward School ~ Prince Mumba's Olympic Journey |url=http://www.windwardschool.org/podium/default.aspx?t=204&nid=791557&rc=0 |publisher=Windwardschool.org}}</ref> Mumba yari afite ibendera rya Zambiya mu birori byo gutangiza no gusoza imikino Olempike ya 2012. .<ref name="smtc" /> Ku myaka 18 y'amavuko, Mumba yari yitabiriye imikino ya Commonwealth 2002 ndetse no mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’abatarengeje imyaka 20 mu mikino ngororamubiri. Nyuma yaje kwinjizwa muri kaminuza ya Oral Roberts, aho yari umuntu uhagaze neza. Mumba ni umunyamuryango wa kaminuza ya Oral Roberts Hall of Fame. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sports Extra - Blogs - Former ORU runner Prince Mumba featured by Summit League |url=http://www.tulsaworld.com/blogs/sportspost.aspx?Former_ORU_runner_Prince_Mumba_featured_by_Summit_League/17-13910 |publisher=Tulsa World}}</ref> Nyuma ya kaminuza, yatangiye siporo yabigize umwuga hamwe na Santa Monica Track Club. <ref name="smtc">{{Cite web |last=Athletes |title=Prince Mumba |url=http://www.santamonicatrackclub.org/athletes/2012/05/16/prince-mumba/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811235657/http://www.santamonicatrackclub.org/athletes/2012/05/16/prince-mumba/ |archive-date=11 August 2012 |access-date=27 July 2012 |publisher=Santa Monica Track Club}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFAthletes">Athletes. </cite></ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016 yagaragaye mu bucuruzi bwiswe "ICYIZERE" cyo kwiyamamaza kwa Footlocker "Ubuzima Bwuzuye x Abiruka nyabo", kuri ubu hategurwa filime ku buzima bwe. Filime izerekanwa izayoborwa na Ashley Avis, ikanakorwa na Cary Granat, Michael Flaherty, na Edward Winters. == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Representing {{ZAM}} |- |2001 |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Edmonton, Canada]] |30th (h) |800 m |[[2001 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:49.49]] |- |rowspan=2|2002 |[[2002 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |[[Kingston, Jamaica]] |13th (sf) |800 m |[[2002 World Junior Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:50.96]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |[[Manchester, United Kingdom]] |13th (sf) |800 m |[[Athletics at the 2002 Commonwealth Games – Men's 800 metres|1:48.51]] |- |2003 |[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Abuja, Nigeria]] |13th (h) |800 m |[[Athletics at the 2003 All-Africa Games – Men's 800 metres|1:51.57]] |- |2004 |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[Athens, Greece]] |55th (h) |800 m |[[Athletics at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres|1:48.36]] |- |2005 |[[2005 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki, Finland]] |33rd (h) |800 m |[[2005 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:49.10]] |- |2007 |[[Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Algiers, Algeria]] |16th (h) |800 m |[[Athletics at the 2007 All-Africa Games – Men's 800 metres|1:50.37]] |- |2009 |[[2009 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Berlin, Germany]] |29th (h) |800 m |[[2009 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:48.13]] |- |rowspan=2|2011 |[[2011 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Daegu, South Korea]] |20th (sf) |800 m |[[2011 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:47.06]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Maputo, Mozambique]] |4th |800 m |[[Athletics at the 2011 All-Africa Games – Men's 800 metres|1:47.04]] |- |2012 |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |[[London]], United Kingdom |42nd (h) |800 m |[[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres|1:49.07]] |- |2013 |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Moscow, Russia]] |29th (h) |800 m |[[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:47.85]] |- |rowspan=2|2014 |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |[[Glasgow, United Kingdom]] |8th (h) |4 × 400 m relay |[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games – Men's 4 × 400 metres relay|3:07.43]] |- |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Marrakech, Morocco]] |16th (h) |800 m |[[2014 African Championships in Athletics – Men's 800 metres|1:51.02]] |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wo mu misiri]] 682an55lucdnlrx0foj50f5e2rwzprl 0 15096 139449 122952 2026-09-23T09:45:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139449 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chanda Bwalya''' ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga wu mupira wa maguru ukomoka muri Zambiya. Yahoze akinira muri Terengganu FA muri [[Malesiya|Maleziya]]. <ref name=":1" />Yahoze kandi akinira ikipe yu mupira wa maguru yi gihugu ya Zambiya. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Chanda Bwalya is a Zambian football player. He formerly played for Terengganu FA in Malaysia. He is also a former Zambia national football team player. |url=https://amp.ww.en.freejournal.org/15791650/1/chanda-bwalya.html |access-date=2021-05-20 |website=ww.en.freejournal.org |language=en |archive-date=2021-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520214341/https://amp.ww.en.freejournal.org/15791650/1/chanda-bwalya.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.com/bwalya-chanda/profil/spieler/691695</ref><ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m_y4lGWXYFc</ref><ref>https://bwfworldtourfinals.bwfbadminton.com/player/98455/bwalya-chanda</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zambialii.org/zm/judgment/high-court-zambia/2018/480 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-12 |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312152448/https://zambialii.org/zm/judgment/high-court-zambia/2018/480 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.texilian.club/p/beatrice-chanda-bwalya.dz |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-12 |archive-date=2023-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230312152447/https://www.texilian.club/p/beatrice-chanda-bwalya.dz |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.flashscore.com/player/chanda-bwalya/d21GPJLb/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.unza.zm/sites/default/files/article_files/2019-08/BACHELOR%20OF%20PHARMACY%20%20FEMALE.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-12 |archive-date=2025-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250127065627/https://www.unza.zm/sites/default/files/article_files/2019-08/BACHELOR%20OF%20PHARMACY%20%20FEMALE.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://airbit.com/profile/ChandaJuiceboxpapi</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} ji2o7d2w6etsezj2gj85yykns6azloy 0 15117 139192 106209 2026-09-23T03:43:25Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139192 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Upe Atosu''' (wavutse ku ya 21 Mata 1993) ni umukinnyi wa bigize umwuga ukina umukino wa basketball wo muri Nigeriya muri basketball y'abagore mu ikipe ya Butler Bulldogs ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Nigeriya . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021-22 Women's Basketball Roster |url=https://butlersports.com/roster.aspx?path=wbball}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Upe_Atosu/pid//_//players.html |title=FIBA profile |access-date=2023-03-12 |archive-date=2017-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922195316/http://archive.fiba.com/pages/eng/fa/p/rpp//q/Upe_Atosu/pid//_//players.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 December 2019 |title=Hughley names 14 players as d'Tigress camp opens February |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/hughley-names-14-players-as-dtigress-camp-opens-february/ |access-date=12 March 2023 |archive-date=29 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201129081054/https://guardian.ng/sport/hughley-names-14-players-as-dtigress-camp-opens-february/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yitabiriye Afrobasket y'abagore 2017 . <ref>[http://www.fiba.basketball/womensafrobasket/2017/Upe-Atosu 2017 Women's Afrobasket profile]</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Nigeriya]] gcdcd1u7xz1jd2eaucayeexr9a06ai5 0 15170 139386 93177 2026-09-23T09:10:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139386 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jon Carter Kent''' (wavutse ku ya 7 Gicurasi 1979) ni umukinnyi wa ruhago ukomoka muri Afurika yepfo. Yakinnye imikino ibiri umunsi umwe mu 2002. Yasezeye mu mukino wa Cricket mu mwaka wa 2011 nyuma yo gukurwa mu masezerano yi kipe ya Cricket ya Dolphins. <ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/live-blog/31996/12784323/cricket-latest-ustralias-david-warner-will-captain-delhi-capitals-in-this-years-ipl</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/live-blog/12123/12784323/cricket-latest-ustralias-david-warner-will-captain-delhi-capitals-in-this-years-ipl</ref><ref>https://www.couriermail.com.au/questnews/southwest/sport/club-cricket-under-19-grand-finals-aussie-reps-winning-recipe-for-valley-seagulls-narrow-win/news-story/132f9dfaec4312e5531a239c4c5e26b3</ref><ref>https://www.ageasbowl.com/cricket/news/2010-champions-a-deep-dive/</ref><ref>https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/showbiz-tv/channel-5s-challenge-anneka-watch-26481107</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12773853/jon-lewis-england-women-coach-is-relishing-his-first-role-working-with-female-cricketers</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12773853/jon-lewis-england-women-coach-is-relishing-his-first-role-working-with-female-cricketers</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12806884/katherine-sciver-brunt-may-prolong-england-career-after-jon-lewis-positive-changes-as-head-coach</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/31996/12754031/jon-lewis-targets-england-womens-world-cup-and-ashes-victories-can-team-put-bums-on-seats-regularly</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12123/12801973/england-have-untapped-potential-and-can-do-anything-they-want-says-jon-lewis-ahead-of-t20-world-cup</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/31996/12810022/englands-nat-sciver-brunt-sold-for-320000-in-first-womens-premier-league-auction</ref><ref>https://www.thecricketer.com/Topics/england/neil_killeen_emerges_leading_candidate_england_fast_bowling_coach_role.html</ref><ref>https://www.sacricketmag.com/inside-mind-agent/</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/sport/live/2022/sep/21/county-cricket-surrey-v-yorkshire-hampshire-v-kent-essex-v-lancashire-live</ref><ref>https://www.ecb.co.uk/england/women/news/3017994/get-to-know-the-england-womens-u19-team</ref><ref>https://www.skysports.com/cricket/news/12173/12768666/ollie-robinson-opens-up-about-struggles-with-form-and-fitness-i-thought-i-may-never-play-cricket-again</ref><ref>https://www.cricketworld.com/talksport-lands-exclusive-three-year-cricket-new-zealand-rights-package/84582.htm</ref> == Reba == * [http://content-uk.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/45800.html Urupapuro rwa Cricinfo kuri Jon Kent] m4z9l5fz59d71s3dmfura55ufzw9d8b 0 15178 139362 134836 2026-09-23T09:08:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139362 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Albert Agyemang''' (wavutse ku ya 4 Ukwakira 1977) ni umukinnyi wa bigize umwuga wo gusiganwa ku maguru ukomoka [[Gana|muri Gana]] wasezeye ajya mu cyiruhuko cyi zabukuru yari kabuhariwe muri metero 200 .<ref name=":0" /> Yitabiriye imikino ibiri ya Olempike, mu 1996 na 2000 .<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.myjoyonline.com/tepa-traditional-council-pledges-support-for-infrastructure-development-at-tepa-nursing-and-midwifery-college/</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Today-In-History-Abrekyire-Ba-Kofi-Sammy-recounts-how-Nana-Konadu-stopped-him-from-smoking-with-Rawlings-1727195</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/mls-superdraft-2023-presented-by-adidas-eligible-player-list</ref><ref>https://www.mlssoccer.com/news/mls-superdraft-2023-presented-by-adidas-eligible-player-list</ref><ref>https://yen.com.gh/people/226501-alpha-hour-avraham-ben-moshe-pastor-elvis-agyemang-wrongi-sense-jealousy/</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/profile-who-is-ramseyer-ahmed-agyeman-prempeh.html</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/politics/profile-who-is-ramseyer-ahmed-agyeman-prempeh.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202212190274.html</ref><ref>https://yen.com.gh/politics/214704-bawumia-mourns-hackman-owusu-agyemang-mp-loses-wife-photos/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202206210398.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.monroecollege.edu/academics/winter-2022-presidents-and-deans-list-awardees |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313142652/https://www.monroecollege.edu/academics/winter-2022-presidents-and-deans-list-awardees |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igihe cye cyiza ni amasegonda 20.64, yagezweho muri Nyakanga 1999 i Tampere. Kugeza ubu inyandiko yo muri Gana ni iya Emmanuel Tuffour n'amasegonda 20.15. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] 0lvxoldl9z2cytd0ciglrclpv8njuyr 0 15187 139363 96850 2026-09-23T09:08:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139363 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eric Amevor''' (yavutse ku ya 16 Mata 1938) ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga wumunya Gana wiruka hagati muri Marato. Yitabiriye metero 1500 mu bagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1964 .<ref>https://www.insidenova.com/headlines/who-are-prince-william-county-s-highest-paid-employees/article_31e4f5b4-1987-11ed-aca4-fbc6beda9e9e.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230313151320/https://www.myjoyonline.com/school-feeding-%C2%A21-per-child-allocation-woefully-inadequate-stakeholders-lament/</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/1191770/asa-savings-and-loans-donates-cement-bags-to-polic.html</ref><ref>https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/02/02/arts/things-do-around-boston-this-weekend-beyond/</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/1197517/over-300-people-benefit-from-asa-savings-and-loans.html</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/1201479/asa-savings-and-loans-ltd-organises-free-health.html</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/1183530/suhum-asa-savings-and-loans-makes-donation-of.html</ref><ref>https://www.africatopsports.com/2014/10/11/exclu-elim-can-2015-composition-officielle-du-togo-face-louganda/</ref><ref>https://ghanasoccernet.com/tiger-eyes-no-12-expose-suffers-another-blow-as-referees-association-restores-suspended-members</ref><ref>https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/2022/06/16/cincinnati-northern-kentucky-property-sales-week-june/50341403/</ref><ref>https://www.leparisien.fr/val-de-marne-94/creteil-94000/liste-des-candidats-a-creteil-pour-les-elections-municipales-2020-05-03-2020-2MU3JQTSWREKXPJBLYQ26IDGRM.php</ref><ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique-foot/20150529-togo-adebayor-parmi-23-malgre-modeste-saison-tottenham-football</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/1180153/mps-other-public-servants-should-lose-their-ex.html</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/news/1180153/mps-other-public-servants-should-lose-their-ex.html</ref><ref>https://www.africatopsports.com/2015/09/29/dates-fifa-le-groupe-du-togo-pour-affronter-legypte/</ref><ref>https://www.nu.nl/voetbal/6228713/reacties-na-zege-sparta-op-emmen-in-vermakelijk-duel.html</ref><ref>https://www.africatopsports.com/2015/06/14/elim-can-2017-le-togo-avec-adebayor-et-ayite-contre-le-liberia/</ref><ref>https://www.africatopsports.com/2014/10/10/elim-can-2015-ouganda-togo-onze-probable-eperviers/</ref><ref>https://www.africatopsports.com/2015/06/06/amical-sans-adebayor-ni-agassa-la-selection-du-togo-contre-le-ghana/</ref><ref>https://www.bsiderats.nl/nieuws/siereveld-afwezig-op-eerste-training-vertrekt-als-nog-bij-nac</ref><ref>https://www.sportsmole.co.uk/football/vitesse/result/go-ahead-eagles-comeback-stuns-sorry-vitesse_190759.html</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] t48xyti2vfqiz2ox9gk6umqq5finumn 0 15200 139458 92925 2026-09-23T09:47:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139458 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Grace Armah''' (wavutse ku ya 22 Nzeri 1958) ni umukinnyi imikino ngororamubiri ukomoka muri Gana wazobereye muri metero 100 no kwiruka birebire muri Marato. Yatsindiye umudari wa feza n'umudari wa bronze mu marushanwa ya Afurika yo mu 1984 na 1985. Ibihe byiza yabigize muri metero 100 byari amasegonda 11.98. Yarushanwe kandi muri Gana mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1984 yabereye i Losangeles mu rwego rwo gusiganwa metero 4 × 100 mu ikipe y’abagore, yarangije ku mwanya wa 5 muri kimwe cya kabiri akananirwa gukomeza mu cyiciro cya nyuma. <ref name="sportsref">{{Cite web |title=Grace Armah |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/grace-armah-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418110044/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ar/grace-armah-1.html |archive-date=18 April 2020 |access-date=3 September 2016 |website=Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- !colspan="6"|Representing Ghana |- |1983 |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki]], Finland |15th (q) |4 × 100 m relay |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|47.51]] |- |rowspan=2|1984 |[[1984 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Rabat]], Morocco |bgcolor="cc9966"| 3rd |100 m |11.98 |- |[[1984 Summer Olympics|Summer Olympics]] |Los Angeles, United States |9th (q) |4 × 100 m relay |[[Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Women's 4 × 100 metres relay|45.20]] |- |1985 |[[1985 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor="silver" align="center" | 2nd |Long jump |6.01 m |- |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Grace Armah at World Athletics * Grace Armah at Olympics at Sports-Reference.com (archived) [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] bs70lwtero7d0hibaz5l3srxilqrtoi 0 15203 139423 118331 2026-09-23T09:42:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139423 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mark Anthony Awere''' (wavutse ku ya 16 Nyakanga 1971) ni umukinnyi wabigize umwuga ukomoka muri [[Gana]] akaba akora umukino wa gusimbuka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/jennifer-lopez-wishes-her-twins-041254061.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313195411/https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/jennifer-lopez-wishes-her-twins-041254061.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/hollywood/did-jennifer-lopez-and-kids-attend-ex-marc-anthonys-wedding-with-23-year-old-nadia-ferreira-1207529 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-13 |archive-date=2023-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230313195413/https://www.pinkvilla.com/entertainment/hollywood/did-jennifer-lopez-and-kids-attend-ex-marc-anthonys-wedding-with-23-year-old-nadia-ferreira-1207529 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://okmagazine.com/p/ben-affleck-runs-errands-daughter-seraphina-continuing-find-home-jennifer-lopez/</ref><ref>https://stylecaster.com/marc-anthony-net-worth/</ref> Yatsindiye imidari ya bronze muri Shampiyona nyafurika yo mu 1998 ndetse n’imikino yo muri Afurika yo mu 1999 . Yitabiriye kandi imikino Olempike 2000.<ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrities/2023/01/31/63d964c3268e3e594e8b45e5.html</ref><ref>https://www.independent.ie/regionals/wicklow/sport/garden-county-fc-too-hot-for-st-anthonys-in-harry-griffith-cup-final-42371896.html</ref><ref>https://atlantablackstar.com/2023/03/08/how-is-he-16-already-la-la-anthony-has-a-change-of-heart-after-outrage-about-her-sons-birthday-wish/</ref><ref>https://stylecaster.com/marc-anthony-net-worth/</ref> Gusimbuka kwe ku giti cye ni metero 8.04, yagezweho muri Kamena 1999 i Bad Langensalza. Muri 2003, Awere yipimishije neza muri doping muri Mulhouse. Yabujijwe amezi atatu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=http://www.iaaf.org/newsfiles/21076.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071202101742/http://www.iaaf.org/newsfiles/21076.pdf |archive-date=2007-12-02 |access-date=2007-12-02}}</ref><ref>https://www.hola.com/us/celebrities/20230131342148/marc-anthonys-sons-attended-his-lavish-wedding/</ref><ref>https://www.independent.ie/regionals/wicklow/sport/garden-county-fc-too-hot-for-st-anthonys-in-harry-griffith-cup-final-42371896.html</ref><ref>https://www.marca.com/en/lifestyle/celebrities/2022/06/02/6298fc9322601d53078b45b1.html</ref> == Reba == <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Mark Anthony Awere at World Athletics [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] fm0p9y59p9zu9v9zwj88qkk7hkq15kz 0 15218 139219 99871 2026-09-23T07:21:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2006-02-13 Drop-impact.jpg|thumb|AMazi]] [[Dosiye:Amazi abantu batuye Rulindo bankwaga.jpg|thumb|Amazi]] '''Kurenza urugero''' ni inzira yo kuvoma amazi ku butaka uyashyira hejuru yi bihingwa ugakoresha aringaniye mu kuvomerera. Amazi yo kuvomerera ni imwe mu masoko manini y’amazi meza kandi aboneka mu nsi. '''Kugabanuka kw'amazi yo kuvomerera''' kugereranywa na konti ya banki ikuramo amafaranga menshi kuruta kubitsa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Groundwater depletion, USGS water science |url=http://water.usgs.gov/edu/gwdepletion.html |access-date=2015-12-31 |website=water.usgs.gov}}</ref> Impamvu nyamukuru itera amazi yubutaka kugabanuka ni ugupompa cyane amazi yubutaka hejuru yimigezi yo munsi. == Urwego == == Hirya no hino ku isi == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Urutonde rwibihugu bikoresha amazi yubutaka mu kuhira . <ref>{{Cite book|pages=62}}</ref> ! Igihugu ! Hegitari miliyoni ( 1 2,5 ))<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> kuhira n'amazi yo mu butaka |- | Ubuhinde | 26.5 |- | [[Irrigation in the United States|Amerika]] | 10.8 |- | Ubushinwa | 8.8 |- | Pakisitani | 4.9 |- | Irani | 3.6 |- | [[Irrigation in Bangladesh|Bangladesh]] | 2.6 |- | Mexico | 1.7 |- | Arabiya Sawudite | 1.5 |- | [[Irrigation in Italy|Ubutaliyani]] | 0.9 |- | [[Irrigation in Turkey|Turukiya]] | 0.7 |- | Siriya | 0.6 |- | Burezili | 0.5 |} === Leta zunz'ubumwe === == Ingaruka ku bidukikije == == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] ln2x6clupmggc3t116ws866q9f5edny 0 15231 139305 126707 2026-09-23T07:44:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139305 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Forest fertilizer.JPG|thumb|Ifumbire mva Ruganda]] [[Dosiye:Manure spreading Hlokozi 2007 11 29.jpg|thumb|Gufumbira Imirima]] [[Dosiye:Umwavu.jpg|thumb|ifumbire]] [[Dosiye:A typical fertilizer application pump system.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Ammonium nitrate 33,5 EC-fertilizer by Borealis.jpg|thumb|Ifumbire]] '''Ifumbire''' ni ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gikomoka ku miterere karemano cyangwa y’ubukorikori gikoreshwa mu butaka cyangwa mu bihingwa kugira ngo bitange intungamubiri z’ibimera. Ifumbire irashobora gutandukana nu butaka butagira intungamubiri. Inkomoko nyinshi yifumbire ibaho, yaba ka remano cyangwa inganda. Kubikorwa byinshi byubuhinzi bugezweho, ifumbire yibanda ku ntungamubiri eshatu zingenzi: azote (N), fosifore (P), na potasiyumu (K) hiyongereyeho inyongeramusaruro nkifu yurutare kuri micronutrients. Abahinzi bakoresha iyi fumbire muburyo butandukanye: binyuze mumashanyarazi yumye cyangwa pelletised cyangwa yamazi, bakoresheje ibikoresho binini byubuhinzi cyangwa ibikoresho byintoki. Ifumbire mvaruganda ni: nitrati ya amonium, fosifate ya amonium, sulfate ya amonium, urea na nitrati ya calcium amonium. Amoniya, aside sulfurike na aside fosforike ni ibintu by'ingenzi mu gukora iyi fumbire. Kugeza ubu, hydrogène ikenewe mubikorwa bya Haber-Bosch ikomoka mu bicanwa biva mu kirere (gaze gasanzwe cyangwa amakara), bikavamo imyuka ya CO2. Ammonia ishobora kuvugururwa irashobora gukorwa mugihe hydrogène ikozwe muri electrolysis y'amazi ukoresheje amashanyarazi ashobora kuvugururwa (ingufu z'izuba n'umuyaga). Bitewe n’akarere kayo, Afurika ifite amahirwe menshi yo kubyara amoniya ishobora kuvugururwa no kugabanya gushingira ku ifumbire mvaruganda<ref>Conversion of CO₂ from South African coal-fired power plants using green ammonia and hydrogen https://www.igb.fraunhofer.de/en/reference-projects/coalco2x.html; https://bmbf-client.de/en/news/coalco2-x-pioneering-renewable-ammonia-synthesis-south-africas-fertilizer-future; </ref><ref>Skills development workshop for hydrogen and ammonia https://www.igb.fraunhofer.de/en/reference-projects/ptx-skills-development-in-tunisia.html; </ref><ref>Green Ammonia – Production of green ammonia in Morocco https://www.igb.fraunhofer.de/en/reference-projects/green-ammonia.html;</ref>. == Amateka == == Ibyiciro == * Ubuhinzi * Kuzenguruka (théorie) * [[Dosiye:CF fertilizer.jpg|thumb|ubundi bwoko bw'ifumbire]]Ifumbire * Ishirahamwe ry'ibiribwa n'ubuhinzi * Amateka yo guhinga kama * Milorganite * Imbonerahamwe y'amabara * Kugarura intungamubiri no kongera gukoresha * Fosifogisi * Guhindura ubutaka * Ifumbire mvaruganda == Reba == * {{Cite book|pages=454}} * ki[https://web.archive.org/web/20170111090254/http://shakahara.com/nitrogen.shtml Azote yo kugaburira ibiryo byacu, inkomoko yabyo kwisi, inzira ya Haber] * [http://www.fertilizer.org Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’ifumbire mvaruganda (IFA)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111006151731/http://www.agricultureguide.org/a-complete-guide-to-fertilization-and-choosing-best-fertilizers/ Igitabo cy’ubuhinzi, Ubuyobozi bwuzuye bw’ifumbire n’ifumbire] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210226191906/https://extension.oregonstate.edu/crop-production/organic/nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-values-organic-fertilizers Azote-Fosifore-Potasiyumu Agaciro k'ifumbire mvaruganda] Archived [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 6yfrp618yb77lzzq3yhl0i3rph5z8zp 0 15237 139051 99769 2026-09-23T01:39:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139051 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bangladesh_Fishing_2006.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Kuroba hamwe na net yo muri [[Bangaladeshi|Bangladesh]] . Imiryango yo kuroba ku nkombe za Bangladesh irashobora kwibasirwa n’umwuzure uturutse ku nyanja. ]] [[Dosiye:Happy Bangladeshi fish farmer.jpg|thumb|Uburombyi]] Uburobyi bwibasiwe n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere mu buryo bwinshi harimo urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi, nibyo mu nyanja bigira ingaruka ku kuzamuka ku bushyuhe bw’inyanja, ndetse n'aside yo mu nyanja <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=58–65}}</ref> na nu mwuka yo mu nyanja, mu gihe urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi meza bigira ingaruka ku ihinduka ry’ubushyuhe bw’amazi, umuvuduko w’amazi, n’amafi akabura aho aba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=2015-04-07 |title=Climate Action Benefits: Freshwater Fish |url=https://www.epa.gov/cira/climate-action-benefits-freshwater-fish |access-date=2020-04-06 |website=US EPA |language=en |archive-date=2021-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410201939/https://www.epa.gov/cira/climate-action-benefits-freshwater-fish |url-status=dead}}</ref> Izi ngaruka ziratandukanye mu rwego rwa buri burobyi . [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe]] ihindura ubwiyongere bw’amafi n’umusaruro w’amoko yo mu nyanja n’amazi meza. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe iteganijwe gutuma habaho impinduka zikomeye mu kuboneka no gucuruza ibikomoka ku mafi . Ingaruka z'ibihe na politike z'ubukungu zizaba ingirakamaro, cyane mu bihugu biterwa cyane nu murenge. Kugabanuka gukomeye mu bushobozi bwo gufata bishobora gutegerezwa muri mberabyombi nko mu karere ka pasifika yepfo. <ref name=":7" /> == Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku nyanja == [[Dosiye:Maldives_-_Kurumba_Island.jpg|right|thumb| Ikirwa gifite amabuye yo mu nyanja muri [[Malidivezi|Malidiya]] . Korali ref irapfa kwisi yose. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/environment/interactive/2009/sep/02/coral-world-interactive Coral reefs around the world] ''[[Guardian.co.uk]]'', 2 September 2009.</ref>]] == Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere == == Ingaruka ku musaruro w'amafi == == Ingaruka ku baturage baroba == [[Dosiye:Fisherman_Seychelles.jpg|thumb| Umurobyi yamanutse gufata, [[Seyishele|Seychelles]]]] == Kurwanya == {{Reflist|2}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 5s1fw9zmm7gqniqpefkmw94fg03a6zp 0 15238 139424 93191 2026-09-23T09:42:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139424 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ubusitani ikirere''' nuburyo ubusitani bushobora kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu busitani kandi bigashishikarizwa kwinjiza carbone nu butaka [[Ikimera|n’ibimera]] hagamijwe kugabanya ubushyuhe bw’isi. <ref name="The Climate-Friendly Gardener">{{Cite web |last=Union of Concerned Scientists |title=The Climate-Friendly Gardener: A guide to combating global warming from the ground up |url=http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/food_and_agriculture/climate-friendly-gardener.pdf |access-date=11 March 2014 |website=Union of Concerned Scientists |archive-date=1 July 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140701062812/http://www.ucsusa.org/assets/documents/food_and_agriculture/climate-friendly-gardener.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kuba umuhizi atangiza ikirere bisobanura gusuzuma ibibera mu busitani n'ibikoresho byazanywemo n'ingaruka bigira ku mikoreshereze y'ubutaka n'ikirere. BIrashoboraka kandi gushiramo ibiranga ubusitani cyangwa ibikorwa mu busitani bifasha kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ahandi ku isi. [[Dosiye:Orchard_garden_at_Hergest_Croft.JPG|thumb| Ubusitani bwa Orchard bwerekana ibiti byimbuto, ibyatsi bimera nibimera bitwikiriye ubutaka, kuri Hergest Croft Gardens, Hanofordshire, mubwongereza]] == Imikoreshereze yubutaka na gaze ya parike == Ibyinshi mu byuka bihumanya ikirere bitera [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe|imihindagurikire y’ikirere]] byaturutse ku gutwika amavuta n’ibimera. Ariko raporo idasanzwe y’akanama gashinzwe guverinoma ihuriweho n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe yagereranije ko mu myaka 150 ishize by’ibicanwa n’umusemburo wa sima ari byo byonyine bigera kuri bibiri bya gatatu by’imihindagurikire y’ikirere: ikindi cya gatatu cyatewe nu ko abantu bakoresha ubutaka. . Imyuka itatu yingenzi ya parike ikorwa nu butaka budashoboka ni carbone, metani, na okiside. Carbone yumukara cyangwa soti birashobora kandi guterwa no gukoresha ubutaka budashoboka, kandi, nubwo atari gaze, irashobora kwitwara nka gaze ya parike kandi ikagira uruhare mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere. <ref name="Bond 2013">{{Cite journal|pages=5380–5552}}</ref> === Carbone === === Metane === == Kurinda no kuzamura ububiko bwa karubone == [[Dosiye:Woodland_and_wetland_in_the_New_Forest.JPG|thumb| Igishanga nigishanga mumashyamba mashya, Hampshire]] [[Dosiye:Paving_-_wood_chip_with_birch_logs_as_edging_at_Wisley.JPG|thumb| Kwemeza ibiti byimbuto hamwe nibiti byometse ku busitani bwa Royal Horticultural Society i Wisley]] == Reba kandi == * [[Agroforestry]] * Gutunganya ingufu * Gufungura ibiryo * Guhinga amashyamba * Inyubako yicyatsi * Urutonde rwubuhinzi-mwimerere nubuhinzi * Imirima * Ubusitani kama * Ubuhinzi * Ubusitani bwimvura * Igishushanyo kirambye / ubusitani / ubusitani nubusitani bwubatswe / kubaho * Ubusitani bwibimera * Ubusitani bwiza * Ubusitani bwo mu gasozi == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ibindi gusoma == * {{Cite journal|pages=129–137}} * Steven B. Carroll and Steven B. Salt (2004), ''Ecology for Gardeners'', Portland, USA and Cambridge, UK: Timber Press ( ). * Charlotte Green (1999), ''Gardening Without Water: Creating beautiful gardens using only rainwater'', Tunbridge Wells: Search Press ( ). * David S. Ingram, Daphne Vince-Prue and Peter J. Gregory (2008), ''Science and the Garden: The scientific basis for horticultural practice'', Chichester, Sussex: Blackwell Publishing ( ). * John Walker (2011), ''How to Create an Eco Garden: The Practical Guide to Greener, Planet-Friendly Gardening'', Wigston, Leicestershire: Aquamarine ( ). * Ken Fern (1997), ''Plants for a Future: Edible and useful plants for a healthier world'', Clanfield, Hampshire: Permanent Publications ( ). * Martin Crawford (2010), ''Creating a Forest Garden: Working with nature to grow edible crops'', Hartland, Devon: Green Books ( ). * Michael Lavelle (2011), ''Sustainable Gardening'', Marlborough: The Crowood Press ( ). * Matthew Wilson (2007), ''New Gardening: How to garden in a changing climate'', London: Mitchell Beazley and the Royal Horticultural Society ( ). *   * Rob Cross and Roger Spencer (2009), ''Sustainable Gardens'', Collingwood, Australia: CSIRO ( ). * Sally Cunningham (2009), ''Ecological Gardening'', Marlborough: The Crowood Press ( ). * Sara J. Scherr and Sajal Sthapit (2009), ''Mitigating Climate Change through Food and Land Use'', Worldwatch Institute, Washington, United States of America ( ). * Richard Bisgrove and Paul Hadley (2002), ''Gardening in the Global Greenhouse: The impacts of climate change on gardens in the UK'', Oxford: UK Climate Impacts Programme. * Tara Garnett (2008), ''Cooking up a Storm: Food, greenhouse gas emissions and our changing climate'', Guildford: Food Climate Research Network, Centre for Environmental Strategy, University of Surrey. * Union of Concerned Scientists (2010), ''The Climate-Friendly Gardener: A guide to combating global warming from the ground up''. * Wall, Bardgett ''et al'' (2013), ''Soil Ecology and Ecosystem Services'', Oxford University Press ( ). * Watson, Noble ''et al'' (2000), ''Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry'' (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report), Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press ( ). == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.learningfromnature.com.au Kwigira kuri Kamere] * [https://www.rhs.org.uk/science/gardening-in-a-changing-world Ubusitani mubihe bihindagurika], Sosiyete yubuhinzi bwimbuto. * Watson, Noble ''et al'' (2000), Akanama gashinzwe guverinoma ku bijyanye n’imihindagurikire y’ibihe Raporo idasanzwe: [https://web.archive.org/web/20181102162424/http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/sres/land_use/index.php?idp=0 Imikoreshereze y’ubutaka, imikoreshereze y’ubutaka n’amashyamba], Cambridge, mu Bwongereza: Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Cambridge (  ). * Richard Bisgrove na Paul Hadley (2002), [https://web.archive.org/web/20150203035815/http://www.ukcip.org.uk/wordpress/wp-content/PDFs/Gardens_tech.pdf Ubusitani muri Global Greenhouse: Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku busitani bwo mu Bwongereza], Oxford: Gahunda y’ingaruka z’ikirere mu Bwongereza. * Sara J. Scherr na Sajal Sthapit (2009), [https://web.archive.org/web/20170812042740/http://www.worldwatch.org/system/files/179%20Land%20Use.pdf Kugabanya Imihindagurikire y'Ibihe binyuze mu biribwa no gukoresha ubutaka], Ikigo cya Worldwatch Institute, Washington, Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika (  ). * [https://pfaf.org/ Ibimera by'ejo hazaza] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 5ri7ykrnurb94nph8lqr6344f11v4ct 0 15240 139220 135623 2026-09-23T07:21:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Forest Landscape Integrity Index map of Earth, 2019 (forest condition by degree of anthropogenic modification).png|thumb|265x265px| Igipimo cy’uburinganire bw’amashyamba cyerekana ihindura amashyamba asigaye ]] [[Dosiye:Annual change in forest area, world map, OWID.png|alt=This screen shot shows a map that highlights countries based on their net change rate of forest area. Areas that appear more blue have a higher net change rate than areas that appear tan. Brown areas indicate a net loss of forest area.|thumb| Agace k’amashyamba igipimo cy’imihindagurikire y’igihugu muri 2020]] Gutema amashyamba ni uruhare runini mu ihindagurika ry’ikirere, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sutter |first=John D. |date=13 August 2015 |title=10 climate change villains |url=https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/13/opinions/gallery/top-climate-change-contributors/index.html |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=139}}</ref> kandi imihindagurikire y’ikirere igira ingaruka ku mashyamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=US EPA |first=OAR |date=2022-10-19 |title=Climate Change Impacts on Forests |url=https://www.epa.gov/climateimpacts/climate-change-impacts-forests |access-date=2023-03-03 |website=www.epa.gov |language=en}}</ref> Ihinduka ry'imikoreshereze y'ubutaka, mu buryo bwo gutema amashyamba, ni isoko rya kabiri rinini rya ya karuboni yo mu kirere, nyuma yo gutwikwa na peteroli. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Main sources of carbon dioxide emissions {{!}} CO2 Human Emissions |url=https://www.che-project.eu/news/main-sources-carbon-dioxide-emissions |access-date=2020-03-20 |website=www.che-project.eu}}</ref> Imyuka ya parike isohoka mugihe cyo gutwika biyomasi yishyamba no kubora ibikoresho byi bimera bisigaye hamwe na karuboni yubutaka. Icyitegererezo cyisi yose hamwe nu bubiko bwa parike yi gihugu itanga ibisubizo bisa kubyangiza amashyamba. <ref name=":3" />muri 2019 , gutema amashyamba bishinzwe hafi 11 ku ijana mu byuka bihumanya ikirere. Ibyuka byangiza imyuka yo gutema amashyamba birihuta. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=444–451}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Greenfield |first=Patrick |date=2022-02-28 |title=Deforestation emissions far higher than previously thought, study finds |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/28/deforestation-emissions-far-higher-than-previously-thought-study-finds-aoe |access-date=2022-03-02 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Gukura amashyamba ni karuboni ifite ubushobozi bwo kugabanya ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Zimwe mu ngaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, nk’umuriro mwinshi, <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=981}}</ref> zishobora kongera amashyamba. [[Dosiye:Des Poulets Goliath de couleur beige dans un poulailler au Bénin.jpg|thumb|Ubworozi]] Gutema amashyamba biza muburyo bwinshi: umuriro w’ishyamba, gutema ubuhinzi, korora amatungo, no gutema ibiti, . Umubare munini wi bikorwa byu buhinzi bivamo amashyamba biterwa inkunga n’imisoro ya leta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 September 2015 |title=Government Subsidies for Agriculture May Exacerbate Deforestation, says new UN report |url=https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/09/government-subsidies-for-agriculture-may-exacerbate-deforestation-says-new-un-report/#:~:text=An%20estimated%2080%20per%20cent,a%20new%20United%20Nations%20brief.}}</ref> Amashyamba afite 31 ki ijana yubutaka bwisi kandi buri mwaka kilometero kare 75.700 ( bingana na hegitari miliyoni 18.7) zishyamba ziratakara. <ref name="WWF">{{Cite web |title=Deforestation and Forest Degradation |url=https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/deforestation |access-date=2018-04-18 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}</ref> Nk’uko ikigo gishinzwe umutungo w’isi kibitangaza, habayeho kwiyongera kwa 12 ku ijana mu gutakaza amashyamba y’ibanze yo mu turere dushyuha kuva muri 2019 kugeza 2020. Gutema amashyamba menshi bikomeje kubangamira amashyamba yo mu turere dushyuha, ibinyabuzima bitandukanye, na serivisi y'ibidukikije batanga. Igice nyamukuru gihangayikishijwe no gutema amashyamba ni mumashyamba yimvura yo mu turere dushyuha kubera ko atuwe n’ibinyabuzima byinshi ku isi. == Imihindagurikire y’ibihe == == Impamvu zitera amashyamba == [[Dosiye:Ladd_photo_of_solid-tired_Moreland_logging_trucks_of_Biles_Coleman_Lumber_Co._on_the_Moses_Mountain_logging_unit...._-_NARA_-_298699.jpg|thumb| Amakamyo yo gutema ibiti bya Moreland]] === Ubworozi === Ubworozi bw'amatungo busaba igice kinini cy'ubutaka bwo korora amashyo y'amatungo n'ibihingwa by'amatungo kubyo abaguzi bakeneye. Nk’uko [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga Gishinzwe Umutungo Kamere|ikigega cy'isi cyita ku nyamaswa kibitangaza]], "Ubworozi bw'inka nini ni bwo bwa mbere mu guteza amashyamba mu bihugu hafi ya byose bya Amazone, kandi bingana na 80% by'amashyamba muri iki gihe." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Unsustainable Cattle Ranching |url=https://wwf.panda.org/discover/knowledge_hub/where_we_work/amazon/amazon_threats/unsustainable_cattle_ranching/ |access-date=22 October 2022 |publisher=World Wildlife Fund}}</ref> Ubworozi bw’amatungo bwashinzwe muri Tejas mugihe cya Misiyoni ya Espagne, hagati ya 1820 na 1865 kandi bwari butwarwa ahanini n’[[inka]] zo muri [[Megizike|Mexico]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Cattle ranching - a brief history |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/shp/americanwest/cattleranchingrev1.shtml |access-date=2018-04-29 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |title=The Texas Tradition of Cattle Ranching Began in Tejas {{!}} THC.Texas.gov - Texas Historical Commission |url=https://www.thc.texas.gov/blog/texas-tradition-cattle-ranching-began-tejas |access-date=2020-04-28 |website=www.thc.texas.gov}}</ref> Nyuma, ubwo ubutumwa bwari bumaze gufungwa maze abapadiri n'abasirikare bava muri ako gace ariko bagasiga inka inyuma, umurimo wafashwe n'abenegihugu ku giti cyabo. <ref name=":5" /> Nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu, Texans yatangiye gukusanya inka no kugurisha amajyaruguru muri leta nka Kansas na Illinois. <ref name=":5" /> Nk’uko bitangazwa na [[Amahoro Masa|Greenpeace]], umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta uharanira ibidukikije ku isi, inganda z’inka nizo zifite uruhare runini mu kohereza imyuka ya metani kubera ko 60% by’inyamabere zose ku isi ari inka z’amatungo. Gusimbuza ubutaka bw’amashyamba n’inzuri bitera igihombo cy’amashyamba, ibyo bikaba biganisha ku kongera imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gutwika uburyo bw’ubuhinzi no guhindura imikoreshereze y’ubutaka. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=e20210262}}</ref> === Kwagura ubuhinzi === [[Dosiye:Amazon_slash_and_burn_agriculture_Colombia_South_America.jpg|thumb| Amazone yatemye-yaka ubuhinzi, Kolombiya]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] 9uml6jp62qau25yetefgzk0jk89h9zm 0 15246 139155 121663 2026-09-23T03:11:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139155 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cacao.jpeg|thumb|cacao]] '''Cacao ivugurura''' isobanurwa nka cacao ikorerwa mu murima ukoresha ubuhinzi bushya nu buryo bwo guhinga amashyamba. Ifitanye isano rya bugufi na shokora yo muri [[ikerene]], itanga ibiribwa kama umuryango wo kubungabunga amashyamba yimvura, hamwe n’umushinga w’ubuhinzi bw'umwimerere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chhabra |first=Esha |title=California Brand Goes Regenerative With Its Cacao |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/eshachhabra/2022/04/29/california-brand-goes-regenerative-with-its-cacao/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Regenerative Cacao? |url=https://toakchocolate.com/blogs/news/what-is-regenerative-cacao |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=To'ak Chocolate}}</ref> Cacao nibikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mu gukora shokora. Cacao ivuguruye irangwa [[Agroforestry|nu buhinzi bw'ibinyabuzima]] butandukanye bwi biti aho ibiti bya cakao bihingwa mu gicucu cy’ibindi biti, bigana m' urusobe rwi binyabuzima rusanzwe. Ubu buryo bwo guhinga bukoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo kugarura amashyamba ku rwuri rw’[[inka]] zatereranywe ndetse no mu tundi turere tw’ubuhinzi bw’amashyamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Using Cacao to Reverse Deforestation |url=https://toakchocolate.com/blogs/news/using-cacao-to-reverse-deforestation |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=To'ak Chocolate}}</ref> Mubisanzwe bifatwa nkingamba zo gucunga neza ubutaka, aho abahinzi bashobora kubyara ibiryo ninjiza mugihe cyo kuvugurura amashyamba. Urugendo rwa cacao rusubirwamo ni ingamba zo kurwanya imirima ya cacao, ikaba akenshi itera amashyamba mu turere dushyuha. == Ubuhinzi == Agroforestry ivugurura ikoresha iri hame nkuburyo bwo gusana amashyamba. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Regenerative agroforestry |url=https://regenfarmer.com/regenerative-agroforestry/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Regen Farmer |language=en-US}}</ref> Imwe mu nyungu zubu buryo ni ugukuraho neti ya CO2 mukirere. Izindi nyungu zirimo kongera umusaruro ukomoka ku bihingwa by’ibiribwa, kuzamura imibereho y’abahinzi kuva ku musaruro winjiza, kongera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, kuzamura ubutaka n’ubuzima, no kugabanya isuri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agroforestry Practices {{!}} USDA National Agroforestry Center |url=https://www.fs.usda.gov/nac/practices/index.shtml |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=www.fs.usda.gov}}</ref> Hamwe nimiterere yubutaka bwiza, ibihingwa biva mubuhinzi bushya burimo vitamine zimwe na zimwe, imyunyu ngugu, na phytochemiki. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=e12848}}</ref> Imiti myinshi ya phytochemiki irashobora kongera uburyohe bwibiryo ugereranije nibikorwa bisanzwe byubuhinzi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-06-03 |title=Study: Regenerative farming boosts soil health, yielding more nutritious crops |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2022/06/study-regenerative-farming-boosts-soil-health-yielding-more-nutritious-crops/ |access-date=2022-11-18 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri rusange, ubuhinzi bushya bwubuhinzi nuburyo bwubuhinzi bushya bukoresha ibiti cyane kuruta ibihingwa byumwaka. Ibiti bya Cacao, bikomoka mu mashyamba y’imvura yo muri uquateur, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dockrill |first=Peter |date=29 October 2018 |title=The Mysterious Origins of Chocolate Just Got Pushed Back by 1,500 Years |url=https://www.sciencealert.com/forgotten-origins-chocolate-mesoamerica-ecuador-theobroma-cacao-santa-ana-la-florida-ancient-mayo-chinchipe-culture |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=ScienceAlert |language=en-gb}}</ref> mu bisanzwe byahinduwe kugira ngo bibeho kandi bitere imbere mu nsi y’ishyamba rishyuha. <ref>{{Cite web |title=cacao {{!}} Description, Cultivation, Pests, & Diseases {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/plant/cacao |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> Ibi, bifatanije no kwiyongera kwisi yose kuri shokora, bituma ibiti bya cakao ari ikintu cyiza cyibiti by’amashyamba yi mbera byombi. == Kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ibihe == umuyobozi ushinzwe amategeko n’ubukangurambaga, avuga ko igisubizo kimwe ari uko inganda za shokora zishobora guhinduka mu buhinzi bw’amashyamba no mu bwoko bwa cakao zikuze mu gicucu, kandi ko hagomba kunozwa uburyo bw’imyororokere ya cacao. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-10 |title=Investors say agroforestry isn't just climate friendly — it's also profitable |url=https://www.evergreening.org/investors-say-agroforestry-isnt-just-climate-friendly-its-also-profitable/ |access-date=2022-06-13 |website=Global EverGreening Alliance |language=en |archive-date=2023-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230315164812/https://www.evergreening.org/investors-say-agroforestry-isnt-just-climate-friendly-its-also-profitable/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] pacqzh6eewq5be2osx6lmp5a92e2513 0 15247 139406 128038 2026-09-23T09:40:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rare_Biodiversity_of_Pune.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye]] [[Dosiye:Sembrado de soja en argentina.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi bugezweho]] '''Ubuhinzi bushya''' ni uburyo bwo kubungabunga no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe ibiribwa hamwe nu buhinzi. Yibanze mu kuvugurura ubutaka, kongera urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Sustainable Future - Regenerative Ag Description |url=http://www.csuchico.edu/sustainablefuture/aginitiative/description.shtml |access-date=2017-03-09 |website=csuchico.edu |language=en}}</ref> kuzamura uruziga rwa mazi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Underground |first=The Carbon |last2=Initiative |first2=Regenerative Agriculture |last3=CSU |date=2017-02-24 |title=What is Regenerative Agriculture? |url=http://regenerationinternational.org/2017/02/24/what-is-regenerative-agriculture/ |access-date=2017-03-09 |website=Regeneration International}}</ref> kuzamura serivisi z’ibidukikije, gushyigikira ibinyabuzima, <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=156–164}}</ref> kongera [[Ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku buhinzi|imbaraga mu guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere]], no gushimangira ubuzima n’ubuzima bw’ubutaka bw’imirima. Ubuhinzi bushya ntabwo ari imyitozo yihariye ubwayo. Ahubwo, abashyigikira ubuhinzi bushya bakoresha uburyo butandukanye bwu buhinzi burambye hamwe. <ref name=":03">{{Cite journal|pages=100404}}</ref> Imyitozo ikubiyemo gutunganya imyanda myinshi yu murima bishoboka no kongeramo ifumbire mvaruganda ituruka hanze yu murima. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Regenerative Agriculture |url=http://regenerativeagriculturedefinition.com/ |access-date=2017-03-07 |website=regenerativeagriculturedefinition.com |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-11-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201103095841/http://www.regenerativeagriculturedefinition.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Regenerative Agriculture |url=http://regenerativeagriculturefoundation.org/regenerative-agriculture/ |url-status=live |access-date=2017-03-09 |website=Regenerative Agriculture Foundation |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Definition — The Carbon Underground : The Carbon Underground |url=https://thecarbonunderground.org/definition/ |access-date=2017-03-07 |website=thecarbonunderground.org |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Regenerative Organic Agriculture {{!}} ORGANIC INDIA |url=https://us.organicindia.com/our-stories/regenerative-agriculture |access-date=2017-03-09 |website=us.organicindia.com |language=en |archive-date=2016-03-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160313113750/https://us.organicindia.com/our-stories/regenerative-agriculture |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubuhinzi bushya ku mirima mito nu busitani akenshi bushingiye kuri filozofi nka perimaculiture, Ubuhinzi, ecologiya, igishushanyo mbonera, hamwe nu buyobozi bwuzuye. Imirima minini nayo igenda ikoreshwa mu buryo nkubu, kandi akenshi ikoresha oya kugeza cyangwa kugabanuka kugeza. Mu gihe ubuzima bwu butaka bugenda butera imbere, ibisabwa byinjira birashobora kugabanuka, kandi umusaruro wi bihingwa urashobora kwiyongera kuko ubutaka bushobora guhangana ni kirere gikabije kandi bukabamo udukoko twangiza na virusi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moebius-Clune |first=B. N. |date=2016 |title=Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Health – The Cornell Framework (Version 3.2) |url=https://soilhealth.cals.cornell.edu/manual/ |url-status=live |access-date=2021-04-17 |website=Cornell University, Cornell Soil Health Laboratory |edition=Edition 3.2}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Hoverfly_January_2008-6.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Mu kazi]] == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Rodale_Institute,_Test_Garden_01.JPG|right|thumb|300x300px| Ikigo cya Rodale, Ubusitani bwikizamini]] === Inkomoko === [[Dosiye:Field_Hamois_Belgium_Luc_Viatour.jpg|thumb| Ikibanza muri Hamois, mu Bubiligi]] [[Dosiye:Soybean_crop_rotation_and_no-till_wheat_residue.jpg|thumb| Ibihingwa bya soya byatewe vuba biva mubisigara byasigaye inyuma yo gusarura ingano. Ibi byerekana guhinduranya ibihingwa kandi nta-guhinga.]] === Iterambere rya vuba (kuva 2010) === == Amahame == == Imyitozo == Imyitozo n'amahame akoreshwa mu buhinzi bushya harimo: <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=The 9 Most Important Techniques In Regenerative Agriculture {{!}} |url=http://www.sheldonfrith.com/2015/12/15/a-brief-introduction-to-most-important-techniques-in-regenerative-agriculture/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170308043841/http://www.sheldonfrith.com/2015/12/15/a-brief-introduction-to-most-important-techniques-in-regenerative-agriculture/ |archive-date=2017-03-08 |access-date=2017-03-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chapman |first=Glen |date=2018-08-21 |title=Regenerative Techniques and Tools |url=https://www.southernblue.com.au/regenerative-techniques-and-tools/ |access-date=2019-09-23 |website=Southern Blue Regenerative |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ingaruka ku bidukikije == === Urutonde rwa karubone === === Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye === == Reba kandi == * * [[Ubworozi bwa karubone]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://regenerativesuccess.com Intsinzi nshya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230228144401/https://fortmyers.floridaweekly.com/articles/can-more-sustainable-agricultural-practices-be-utilized/ Harashobora gukoreshwa uburyo burambye bwubuhinzi] * [https://www.learningfromnature.com.au Kwigira kuri Kamere] * * [https://regeneration.org/nexus/regenerative-agriculture "Ubuhinzi bushya"] . Kuvugurura.org. 2021. * [https://www.vicnotill.com.au/regenerative-farming/no-till-farming-systems VicNoTill i Horsham, Victoria] . Sisitemu yo guhinga ivugurura Australiya. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] fvf36hx5sm0jw54z9hl8h0odq3v763c 0 15255 139110 99146 2026-09-23T02:37:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139110 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fruit Stall in Barcelona Market.jpg|thumb|Ibiribwa]] '''Ibiribwa hamwe na lisansi''' ni ikibazo kijyanye n'ingaruka zo gutandukanya imirima cyangwa ibihingwa kugirango umusaruro wa biyogaze ubangamire itangwa ry'ibiribwa. Impaka za biyogizi ni biribwa zirimo ibitekerezo byinshi, kandi ni kuva kera, bitavugwaho rumwe mu bitabo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Wilson |date=8 February 2008 |title=The Biofuel Smear Campaign |url=http://www.farmfutures.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=CD26BEDECA4A4946A1283CC7786AEB5A&nm=News&type=news&mod=News&mid=9A02E3B96F2A415ABC72CB5F516B4C10&tier=3&nid=BA3B97B230724D7C904E54CB50E9E9B5 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080209023137/http://www.farmfutures.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=CD26BEDECA4A4946A1283CC7786AEB5A&nm=News&type=news&mod=News&mid=9A02E3B96F2A415ABC72CB5F516B4C10&tier=3&nid=BA3B97B230724D7C904E54CB50E9E9B5 |archive-date=9 February 2008 |access-date=28 April 2008 |publisher=Farm Futures}}</ref> Hariho ukutumvikana ku kamaro ki kibazo, ikibitera, ni bishobora gukorwa cyangwa kugirango iki kibazo gikemuke. Ibigoye kandi bidashidikanywaho biterwa nu mubare munini wingaruka ni bisubizo bishobora kugira ingaruka nziza cyangwa mbi kuri sisitemu yi biciro. Byongeye kandi, imbaraga zigereranijwe zizi ngaruka nziza kandi mbi ziratandukanye mu gihe gito kandi kirekire, zirimo ingaruka zitinze. Uruhande rwa masomo yi mpaka narwo ruyobowe no gukoresha uburyo butandukanye bwu bukungu nu buryo bwo guhatanira gusesengura imibare. <ref>{{Cite web |last=HLPE |date=June 2013 |title=Biofuels and food security |url=http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/hlpe/hlpe_documents/HLPE_Reports/HLPE-Report-5_Biofuels_and_food_security.pdf}}</ref> == Ifaranga ry'ibiciro by'ibiribwa == Kuva 1974 kugeza 2005 ibiciro byibiribwa nyabyo (byahinduwe kugirango ifaranga) byagabanutseho 75%. Ibiciro byibicuruzwa byari bihagaze neza nyuma yo kugera ku ntera mu 2000 na 2001. <ref name="WorldBank_07_08">{{Cite web |last=Donald Mitchell |date=July 2008 |title=A note on Rising Food Crisis |url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/2008/07/28/000020439_20080728103002/Rendered/PDF/WP4682.pdf |access-date=29 July 2008 |publisher=[[The World Bank]]}}Policy Research Working Paper No. 4682. Disclaimer: This paper reflects the findings, interpretation, and conclusions of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank</ref> Kubwibyo, kwiyongera kwibiciro byibiribwa vuba bifatwa nkibidasanzwe. Impapuro zikora ubushakashatsi kuri politiki ya Banki y'Isi yasohotse muri Nyakanga 2008 zagaragaje ko izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa ryayobowe n’ibinyampeke, hamwe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro mu 2005 nubwo ibihingwa byanditswe ku isi. Kuva muri Mutarama 2005 kugeza muri Kamena 2008, ibiciro [[Ikigori|by'ibigori]] byikubye hafi gatatu, ingano ziyongereyeho 127 ku ijana, [[Umuceli|n'umuceri]] wazamutseho 170 ku ijana. Ubwiyongere bw'ibiciro by'ingano bwakurikiwe no kwiyongera kw'amavuta n'ibiciro bya peteroli hagati ya 2006. Ku rundi ruhande, ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko umusaruro w’ibisheke wiyongereye vuba, kandi wari munini bihagije kugira ngo igiciro cy’isukari cyiyongere gito usibye 2005 na mbere ya 2006. Uru rupapuro rwanzuye ko ibicanwa biva mu binyampeke byazamuye ibiciro by’ibiribwa bifatanije n’ibindi bintu bifitanye isano hagati ya 70 na 75 ku ijana, ariko Ethanol ikomoka mu bisukari ntabwo yagize uruhare runini mu izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibiribwa biherutse. <ref name="WorldBank_07_08" /> == Impamvu zitangwa == === Ibindi bintu === === Igiciro cya peteroli cyiyongera === == Impaka muri sisitemu mpuzamahanga == [[Dosiye:Bushlulapetrobras09032007.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Perezida [[Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva]] na [[George W. Bush]] mu ruzinduko rwa Bush muri [[Burezile|Berezile]], Werurwe 2007]] === Impaka za 2008: Ibiciro byibiribwa ku isi === == Reba == == Bibiliogarafiya == [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] p68xhcnmfp86zl4w3flsoanqep3ekib 0 15261 139306 135560 2026-09-23T07:44:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139306 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Blue-gree_algae_bloom_Lake_Erie.png|thumb| (algae yubururu-icyatsi kibisi) irabya ku kiyaga cya Erie (Amerika) mu 2009. Ubu bwoko bwa algae burashobora gutera uburabyo bwangiza.]] Rimwe na rimwe nti bisobanutse icyateye HABs yihariye kuko ibibera ahantu hamwe bigaragara ko ari ibintu bisanzwe, <ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|pages=1007–1015}}</ref> mu gihe ahandi bigaragara ko ari ibisubizo byi bikorwa bya bantu. <ref name=":3">{{Cite book|pages=49–52}}</ref> Mu turere tumwe na tumwe hari aho uhurira na bashoferi nki ntungamubiri, ariko nazo zabayeho kuva mbere yuko abantu batangira kugira ingaruka kubidukikije. HABs iterwa na eutrophication, ikaba ari intungamubiri nyinshi mu mazi. Intungamubiri ebyiri zikunze kugaragara ni azote ( nitirate, ammonia, na urea ) na fosifate. <ref name="CDC">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2021 |title=Harmful Algal Blooms |url=https://www.cdc.gov/habs/general.html |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]]}}</ref> Intungamubiri zirenze urugero zitangwa [[Agricultural pollution|n'ubuhinzi]], umwanda w’inganda, gukoresha [[ifumbire]] ikabije mu mijyi / mu mijyi, hamwe no gutemba kw'imijyi. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwamazi no gutembera gake nabyo bigira uruhare. [[Dosiye:Amababi y'ivyo dusanga mukibira.jpg|thumb|Amababi]] == Ibisobanuro no kubiranga == Irashobora kugaragara nkifuro, ibibyimba, cyangwa mateli hejuru cyangwa munsi yubutaka bwamazi kandi irashobora gufata amabara atandukanye bitewe nibibara. <ref name="CDC">{{Cite web |date=9 March 2021 |title=Harmful Algal Blooms |url=https://www.cdc.gov/habs/general.html |publisher=[[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.cdc.gov/habs/general.html "Harmful Algal Blooms"]. [[Ibigo bishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara|CDC]]. 9 March 2021.</cite></ref> ibiro byimshwe irabya mu biyaga cyangwa imigezi y'amazi meza bishobora kugaragara nk'icyatsi kibisi, akenshi gifite imirongo igaragara isa n'irangi ireremba. <ref name="California">[http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-pyramid-lake-algae-bloom-20160714-snap-story.html "Summer conditions growing toxic algae blooms in two California lakes"], ''Los Angeles Times'', July 21, 2016</ref> Indabyo za Cyane bacteriya nikibazo cyisi yose. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=4–20}}</ref> == Amagambo == == Ubwoko == [[Dosiye:Toxic_Algae_Bloom_in_Lake_Erie.jpg|thumb| Ishusho ya satelite yikiyaga cya Erie mugihe cya algal yangiza muri 2011.]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] lkivgthzp7famdh4891h6qhnjeq67pv 0 15262 139170 99689 2026-09-23T03:14:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Igishanga.jpg|thumb|igishanga]] Abahinzi barashobora gu shiraho ibikorya birwanya isuri nziza kugirango bagabanye imigezi kandi bagumane ubutaka mu mirima yabo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Erosion |url=https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/landuse/crops/erosion/ |access-date=2020-11-19 |publisher=US Natural Resources Conservation Service |location=Washington, DC |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414170228/https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/landuse/crops/erosion/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>  Ubuhanga busanzwe burimo guhinga konteri, guhinga ibihingwa, guhinduranya ibihingwa, gutera ibihingwa bimaze igihe no gushyiraho imigezi yinzuzi. <ref name="NRCS-NCPS">U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Washington, DC. [https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/national/technical/cp/ncps/ "National Conservation Practice Standards."] National Handbook of Conservation Practices. Accessed 2015-10-02.</ref> <ref name="EPA-agmm" />  Abahinzi barashobora kandi guteza imbere no gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yo gucunga intungamubiri kugirango bagabanye gukoresha intungamubiri zikabije <ref name="NRCS-NCPS" /> <ref name="EPA-agmm" /> no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo kwanduza intungamubiri. Kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa nudukoko, abahinzi barashobora gukoresha uburyo bwo kurwanya udukoko twangiza (bushobora no kurwanya udukoko twangiza ) kugirango bakomeze kurwanya udukoko, kugabanya kwishingira imiti yica udukoko, no kurinda ubwiza bw’amazi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=2017-06-27 |title=Integrated Pest Management Principles |url=https://www.epa.gov/safepestcontrol/integrated-pest-management-ipm-principles |website=Pest Control and Pesticide Safety for Consumers |publisher=EPA}}</ref> == Umwanda udahumanye == [[Dosiye:Eroded_soils_in_Iowa.png|right|thumb| Ubutaka bwangirika cyane kumurima muri Iowa]] == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] pto4ocqhzfkbfqqyei59v5qufexpcpl 0 15284 139431 120636 2026-09-23T09:43:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139431 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ohene Karikari''' (wavutse ku ya 1 Ukuboza 1954) yahoze ari umukinnyi wabigize umwuga ukina siporo ukomoka muri [[Gana]], wari uhagarariye igihugu cye kavukire cya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1972 yabereye i Munich, mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] bw'Uburengerazuba. Azwi cyane mu gutsindira imidari ibiri ya zahabu muri metero 100 na 200 mu mikino yabereye muri Afurika 1973 yabereye i Lagos, muri [[Nijeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-04-18 |title=Ohene Karikari Bio, Stats, and Results {{!}} Olympics at Sports-Reference.com |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/ohene-karikari-1.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418094951/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ka/ohene-karikari-1.html |archive-date=18 April 2020 |access-date=2021-02-11}}</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1217939/objective-of-asafa-powells-visit-to-ghana-was.html</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/sports/1074325/mike-ahey-oko-addy-and-ohene-karikari-honored.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202207290320.html</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/202207290320.html</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20230316095428/https://www.myjoyonline.com/juliette-oddoye-nee-ohene-adjei%EF%BF%BC-%EF%BF%BC/</ref><ref>https://www.pulse.com.gh/sports/list-of-gold-medals-ghana-has-won-in-the-african-games-since-1965/30yf34l</ref><ref>https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghana-news-sanction-corrupt-officials-to-motivate-auditors.html</ref><ref>https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/46248/awurama-badus-son-demands-state-burial-for-mother.html</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Kate-Agyeman-and-Edwin-Gadayi-steal-GNPC-Ghana-s-Fastest-Human-2021-Show-in-Accra-Open-1229764</ref> == Ibyiza bye bwite == * Metero 100 &#x2013; 10.39 (1979) == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] i2821hxh32slfybk5md7gtu9ikrf7vf 0 15313 139387 124521 2026-09-23T09:11:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139387 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Issam Bassou''' (wavutse 10 Ukwakira 1998) ni umukinnyi ukuna umukino wa jido ukomoka muri[[Maroke]]. Yatsindiye imidari ya zahabu mu mikino nya furika yo muri 2019 na Shampiyona nya furika yo muri 2018 mu bagabo batarengeje ibiro 60. <ref>[https://www.ijf.org/judoka/13038/results?results_rank_group=all Issam BASSOU]. IJF.org</ref> <ref>[https://www.judoinside.com/judoka/57442/Issam_Bassou Issam Bassou, Judoka]. JudoInside</ref> Murumuna we [[Imamu Bassu|Imad Bassou]] nawe ni umukinnyi wa jido. <ref>[https://lematin.ma/journal/2019/barre-etait-haute-judokas-marocains/311983.html Le Matin - La barre était trop haute pour les judokas marocains]</ref><ref>https://hausa.legit.ng/news/1465641-yan-bindiga-ba-su-yi-harbi-ko-daya-ba-ganau-ya-magantu-kan-sabon-harin-da-suka-kai-zamfara/</ref> Muri 2020, yatsindiye umudari wa feza mu bagabo batarengeje ibiro 60 mu marushanwa ya furika ya Jido muri 2020 yabereye Antananarivo, [[Madagasikari]]. <ref>Pavitt, Michael (17 December 2020). "Whitebooi retains title as African Judo Championships begins in Madagascar" . InsideTheGames.biz . Archived from the original on 17 December 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2020.</ref><ref>https://ypsilon.postimees.ee/7706822/mina-elasin-siin-palivere-raudteekula-kus-raudteed-enam-ei-ole</ref><ref>https://muno.pl/news/mia-twin-mam-w-sobie-bardzo-duzo-przestrzeni-na-rozne-gatunki-muzyczne/</ref><ref>https://www.repubblica.it/robinson/2019/05/08/news/appello_per_la_storia_le_firme_dei_lettori_4-225806381/</ref> Mu marushanwa ya furika 2021 yabereye i Dakar, muri [[Senegali]], yegukanye umudari wa zahabu mu marushanwa ya bafite ibiro 60 mu bagabo. <ref>Rowbottom, Mike (21 May 2021). "Giantkiller Samy falls in final at 2021 African Judo Championships in Dakar" . InsideTheGames.biz . Retrieved 21 May 2021.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.giornaledellamusica.it/recensioni/bassu-contra-mesuoghe-e-oghe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-date=2023-03-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316160922/https://www.giornaledellamusica.it/recensioni/bassu-contra-mesuoghe-e-oghe |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatsindiye umwe mu midari mu bagabo mu biro 60 mu bagabo mu mikino ya Mediterane ya 2022 yabereye i Oran, muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. <ref>"Judo Results Book" (PDF). 2022 Mediterranean Games . Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2022.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.angwaal.com/national-news/rahul-gandhi-ready-for-hold-congress-president-post-31479 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-16 |archive-date=2023-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230130065331/https://www.angwaal.com/national-news/rahul-gandhi-ready-for-hold-congress-president-post-31479 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ihuza ryo hanze == Issam Bassou muri federasiyo mpuzamahanga ya Judo Issam Bassou kuri JudoInside.com Issam Bassou kuri AllJudo.net (mu gifaransa) Issam Bassou kuri The-Sports.org == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Maroke]] bpk9qjlbhdp7ziouneac58yy4f359sr 0 15327 139459 101612 2026-09-23T09:47:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139459 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Muhammad bin Salih al-Uthaymin''' (9 Werurwe 1929 – 10 Mutarama 2001) yari umukinnyi ukina umukino w'intiti akaba yari umusilamu ukomoka muri Arabiya Sawudite. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=King Faisal Prize {{!}} Shaikh Mohammad Bin Saleh Al-Uthaimin |url=https://kingfaisalprize.org/shaikh-mohammad-bin-saleh-al-uthaimin/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210511220047/https://kingfaisalprize.org/shaikh-mohammad-bin-saleh-al-uthaimin/ |archive-date=11 May 2021 |access-date=2021-08-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Ibin al-Uthaymin yavutse ku ya 9 Werurwe 1929, avukira mu mujyi wa Unayzah, mu karere ka Qaseem muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]]. Bavuga ko yafashe mu mutwe igitabo cya Korowani akiri muto kandi akurikirana amashuri muri tewolojiya, [[Icyarabu|ururimi rw'icyarabu]] ndetse nu bundi bushakashatsi bwa kisilamu, nyuma arangiza muri kaminuza ya Shariya i Riyadh  . Yakomeje kuba umunyamuryango wa komisiyo ishinzwe ubumenyi bwa bayisilamu bo muri Arabiya Sawudite, umwarimu muri koleji ya Shari'a muri kaminuza ya kisilamu ya Imamu Mohammad bin Saud i Qassim akaba nu mwe mu bagize akanama kayo k’amasomo ndetse n’ibitabo bivuga ku bintu bitandukanye bigize Islamu. inyigisho  . Ibitabo bye by'ingenzi ni igitabo cye cy'umubumbe wa 15 kuri fiqihi ni gitabo cya 10 cyerekeye gusobanura Qor'an ntagatifu. Yakundaga kandi kwigisha ku [[Umusigiti wa Masjid al-Haram|musigiti mutagatifu]] i Maka muri Ramazani  . == Uburezi == Amaze kurangiza gufata mu mutwe Korowani nu bushakashatsi bw’ibanze, yatangiye amasomo ye yayobowe na Sheikh Muhammad bin Abd Abd al-Aziz al-Mutawwa na Sheikh Ali al-Salihi muri Unayzah. Aba ni abarimu bombi sheikh Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di yari yarashyizeho kugira ngo yigishe abanyeshuri batangiye. <ref>{{Cite book|pages=25–29}}</ref> Nyuma y'umwaka umwe yiga munsi y'abo barimu bombi, al-Uthaymeen yatangiye kwiga munsi ya sheikh Abd al-Rahman al-Sa'di mu 1945 kandi akomeza kuba umunyeshuri we kugeza al-Sa'di apfuye. Umwaka wa 1952, al-Salihi yigiriye inama al-Uthaymeen kwiyandikisha muri ''Ma'had al-'Ilmi'' iherutse gufungurwa i Riyadh, ibyo akaba yarabikoze nyuma yo gusaba uruhushya al-Sa'di. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book|pages=86}}</ref> Agezeyo, yize kuri Sheikh Muhammad al-Ameen al-Shinqiti, Sheikh 'Abd al -Aziz bin Baz, na sheikh' Abd al-Razzaq 'Afeefi, n'abandi. <ref name=":0" /> Yizeyo imyaka ibiri mbere yo gusubira muri Unayzah, ari naho yatangiye kwigisha akomereza amasomo ye kuri al-Sa'di. <ref name=":0" /> == Inzego enye zo gusubiza mu mwuka ibyago == Igitekerezo cya Uthaymeen ku nzego enye zo gusubiza mu mwuka ibyago byavuzwe hano. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-'Uthaimeen |first=Muhammad bin Salih |date=October 2003 |title=Fatawa Arkanul-Islam: Islamic Verdicts on the Pillars of Islam (Volume One) |url=https://darpdfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Islamic-Verdicts-on-the-Pillars-of-Islam-Vol.-1-Sh.-Al-Uthaimeen-compressed.pdf |url-status=dead |access-date=2023-03-17 |archive-date=2021-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211227110656/https://darpdfs.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Islamic-Verdicts-on-the-Pillars-of-Islam-Vol.-1-Sh.-Al-Uthaimeen-compressed.pdf }}</ref> Iyi nyigisho irashobora gutandukanywa nicyitegererezo cya Kübler-Ross cyibyiciro bitanu byintimba. * Urwego rwa mbere: Kutanyurwa * Urwego rwa kabiri: Kwihangana * Urwego rwa gatatu: Kwemera * Urwego rwa kane: Gushimira == Ibisohokayandikiro == * ''Amazina meza nibiranga Allah: Amazina meza nibiranga Allah. <ref>{{Cite book|pages=175 pages}}</ref>'' * ''Imyizerere ya Ahlus-Sunnah Wal Jama'ah, Yahinduwe na Abu Nasir Ibrahim Abdur-Rauf.'' * ''Uburyo bwo Gukora Imihango ya Hija, Umra no gusura Masjid yintumwa.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=How to Perform the Rituals of Hajj, Umrah and Visiting the Prophet’s Masjid - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/1375 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Amabwiriza yo Kwiyiriza ubusa Abayisilamu.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=Guidance For Fasting Muslims - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/328722 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Fatawa Arkan-ul-Islam.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=Fatawa Arkan-ul-Islam - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/396788 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Ibisobanuro by'incamake y'imyizerere ya Hamaweyyah.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=Explanation of Summary of Hamaweyyah Creed - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/145683 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Ibyo Ugomba Kwizera kubyerekeye Umuremyi wawe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=What You Must Believe about Your Creator - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/373685 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Uburenganzira n'inshingano muri Islamu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=Rights and Duties in Islam - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/2827777 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Inyigo yo Kwiyuhagira, Kwiyuhagira, Kwiyuhagira Kumye (Tayammum) n'amasengesho.'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=A Study on Ablution, Bathing, Dry Ablution (Tayammum) and Prayer - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/305082 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref> * ''Nigute Twizera Umunsi wanyuma? <ref>{{Cite web |last=al-Othaimeen |first=Muhammad ibn Saleh |title=How Do We Believe in the Last Day? - English - Muhammad ibn Saleh al-Othaimeen |url=https://islamhouse.com/en/books/373675 |access-date=2023-02-11 |website=IslamHouse.com |language=en}}</ref>'' == Urupfu == Shaykh yapfuye ku wa gatatu 15 Shawwaal 1421 AH / 10 Mutarama 2001 IC afite imyaka 71. <ref name=":1"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Commonscat}} * Official website * [http://www.muslimscholars.info/manage.php?submit=scholar&ID=150101 Biodata at MuslimScholars.info] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Aligeriya]] pnrsfnas7znbuwrtp1smzw015hv1ysg 0 15377 139111 120349 2026-09-23T02:37:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139111 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sembrado de soja en argentina.jpg|thumb|Ubuhinzi burambye]] '''Ubuhinzi burambye''' ni [[ubuhinzi]] bukorwa muburyo burambye bwuzuza ibyo umuryango ukeneye harimo ibiryo hamwe n'imyenda, bitabangamiye ubushobozi bwibiriho cyangwa ibizaza kugirango babone ibyo bakeneye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 December 2018 |title=What is sustainable agriculture {{!}} Agricultural Sustainability Institute |url=https://asi.ucdavis.edu/programs/ucsarep/about/what-is-sustainable-agriculture |access-date=2019-01-20 |website=asi.ucdavis.edu}}</ref> Irashobora gushingira kumyumvire ya serivisi y'ibidukikije. Hariho uburyo bwinshi bwo kongera ubuhinzi burambye. Iyo utezimbere ubuhinzi mu rwego rwibiribwa muburyo burambye, ni ngombwa guteza imbere ubucuruzi bworoshye nu buryo bwo guhinga. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |date=2016 |title=Introduction to Sustainable Agriculture |url=http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/busdev/facts/15-023.htm |access-date=10 October 2019 |publisher=Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs}}</ref> Ubuhinzi bufite umyanya mu nini mu kirere ndetse no ku ibidukikije, bugira uruhare runini [[Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu buhinzi|mu guteza i,mbere imihindagurikire y’ikirere]] ( sisitemu y’ibiribwa ishinzwe kimwe cya gatatu cy’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere), <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=198–209}}</ref> Ubuke bw’amazi, umwanda w’amazi, iyangirika ry’ubutaka, gutema amashyamba n’ibindi bikorwa; icyarimwe itera impinduka z'ibidukikije kandi bigira ingaruka kuri izi mpinduka. <ref name=":23">{{Cite journal|pages=4–17}}</ref> Ubuhinzi burambye bugizwe nu buryo bwangiza ibidukikije bwo guhinga butanga umusaruro w'ibihingwa cyangwa amatungo bitangiza gahunda za bantu cyangwa kamere. Harimo gukumira ingaruka mbi ku butaka, amazi, urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, umutungo ukikije cyangwa umanuka - kimwe n'abakora cyangwa abatuye murima cyangwa mu baturanyi. Ibigize ubuhinzi burambye birashobora kubamo ubuhinzi bwimbuto, ubuhinzi [[Agroforestry|bw’amashyamba]], ubuhinzi buvanze, guhinga byinshi, no guhinduranya ibihingwa. <ref name=":1">Ben Falk, ''The resilient farm and homestead: An innovative permaculture and whole systems design approach''. Chelsea Green, 2013. pp. 61–78.</ref> Gutezimbere uburyo burambye bwibiribwa bigira uruhare mu kuramba kwabaturage. Kurugero, bumwe mu buryo bwiza bwo kugabanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere ni ugushiraho gahunda y'i biribwa irambye ishingiye ku buhinzi burambye. Ubuhinzi burambye butanga igisubizo gishoboka kugirango sisitemu yubuhinzi igaburire abaturage biyongera mugihe ibidukikije bihinduka. <ref name=":23">{{Cite journal|pages=4–17}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFRockströmWilliamsDailyNoble2016">Rockström, Johan; Williams, John; Daily, Gretchen; Noble, Andrew; Matthews, Nathanial; Gordon, Line; Wetterstrand, Hanna; DeClerck, Fabrice; Shah, Mihir (2016-05-13). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5226894 "Sustainable intensification of agriculture for human prosperity and global sustainability"]. ''Ambio''. '''46''' (1): 4–17. [[Doi (ibiranga)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0793-6|10.1007/s13280-016-0793-6]]. [[PMC (ibiranga)|PMC]]&nbsp;<span class="cs1-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5226894 5226894]</span>. [[PMID (ibiranga)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27405653 27405653].</cite></ref> Usibye uburyo burambye bwo guhinga, [[Sustainable diet|guhinduranya imirire ku mafunguro arambye]] ni inzira ifatanye yo kugabanya cyane ingaruka z’ibidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shifting to Sustainable Diets |url=https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/shifting-sustainable-diets |access-date=26 April 2022 |publisher=United Nations |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=3–15.e1}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=1–11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=29–37}}</ref> Ibipimo byinshi birambye hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga ibyemezo birahari, harimo ibyemezo kama, Ubucuruzi buboneye, Inshuti Yinyoni, hamwe nu ruhungusza rusange yumuryango wa Kawa (4C). <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |title=Sustainable agriculture for a better world |url=https://saiplatform.org/}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == Ijambo ubuhinzi burambye ryasobanuwe mu 1977 na USDA nka gahunda ihuriweho n’ibikorwa by’ibihingwa n’inyamanswa bifite aho bihurira bizakoreshwa mu gihe kirekire: <ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> Nyamara igitekerezo cyo kugirana umubano mwiza kandi urambye nu butaka cyiganje mu baturage batwitse mbere yikinyejana mbere yuko iryo jambo ryongerwa kumugaragaro. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=123–134}}</ref> == Intego == === Amahame y'ingenzi === Hariho amahame menshi yingenzi ajyanye no kuramba mubuhinzi: <ref name="Pretty2008">{{Cite journal|pages=447–465}}</ref> == Ibidukikije == [[Dosiye:Traditional_ploughing_-_Karnataka.jpg|left|thumb| Uburyo bwo guhinga gakondo bufite karuboni nkeya. ]] Imyitozo ishobora kwangiza ubutaka igihe kirekire harimo guhinga cyane ubutaka (biganisha ku isuri ) no kuhira nta mazi ahagije (biganisha ku munyu ). <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=154–164}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=844–853}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Conservation_farming_02.jpg|thumb| Guhinga kubungabunga [[Zambiya]]]] === Intungamubiri === ==== Nitrates ==== [[Dosiye:Walls_against_water_runoff.JPG|thumb| Inkuta zubatswe kugirango birinde amazi, Andhra Pradesh, Ubuhinde]] == Amateka == == Reba == == Inkomoko == {{Free-content attribution|title=The State of the World's Biodiversity for Food and Agriculture − In Brief|author=FAO|publisher=FAO|page numbers=|source=|documentURL=http://www.fao.org/3/CA3129EN/CA3129EN.pdf|license statement URL=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_State_of_the_World%27s_Biodiversity_for_Food_and_Agriculture_%E2%88%92_In_Brief_(FAO).pdf|license=CC BY-SA IGO 3.0}}  [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] bn38s748t7cmc2vn9r4lvfrbdggs9a6 0 15394 139518 121923 2026-09-23T10:03:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139518 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lake Glublya.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Kwaniya ]] '''Ikiyaga cya Kwaniya''' kibarizwa mu turere twa Lira, Apac na Amolatar mu karere ka Nyaruguru ka [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Administrative Map of Uganda |url=http://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/map/uganda-administrative-map.htm |access-date=17 January 2013 |publisher=One World Nations Online}}</ref> Ni igice cy'igishanga kinini kiri hafi ya [[Nili Yera]] hagati [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|y'Ikiyaga cya Victoriua]] n'ikiyaga cya Albert. Igishanga kirimo ikiyaga cya Kwaniya, ikiyaga kinini cya Kayoga, n’indi mibiri y’amazi n’ibishanga, gifite metero care 3,420 y'amazi afukuye na 2,180 y'ibishanga bihoraho. Muri rusange, ikiyaga cya Kwaniya gifite kirometero kare 540, hafi 16 ku ijana, y'amazi afukuye. [[Dosiye:Early man's Rock near Lake Kwania.jpg|thumb|urutare ruri hafi yicyiyaga cya kwania]] Ikiyaga kiroba kuri Nil tilapia na Nil perch, cyinjije amoko yatumye igabanuka ry’amafi kavukire nyuma ya 1950. Mu mpera za 1960, ubwoko bwamenyekanye bugizwe na 80 ijanisha ry'ubucuruzi buva mu kiyaga cya Kyoga, umuturanyi wa Kwania. Nubwo imidugararo mu baturage, kuroba cyane, no kwanduza hyacint y'amazi (nyuma yaje kugenzurwa) rimwe na rimwe byagabanyaga [[uburobyi]], mu myaka ya za 90 rwagati mu kiyaga cya Kwania cyari gifite ahantu 34 hamanuka kandi amato y’ubwato bugera ku 1.500 bukoreshwa n’abarobyi bagera ku 4500. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Information on Fisheries Management in the Republic of Uganda: Lake Kyoga Complex |url=http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/UGA/body.htm |access-date=17 January 2013 |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |archive-date=22 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130622131810/http://www.fao.org/fi/oldsite/FCP/en/uga/body.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima == Ibitanda bya [[Urufunzo|papirusi]] bizenguruka ibiyaga kandi biganje mu bishanga bikikije. Ibice by'ibi bitanda biva ku nkombe bigahinduka ibirwa bireremba. Ibimera bitandukanye byo mu mazi bikura cyane no mu biyaga. Ibyatsi n'ibiti biboneka mu bice by'amazi adakunze kurengerwa n'amazi. [[Inyamaswa]] z’inyamabere zikunze kugaragara muri iki kiyaga zirimo ayo muri [[Afurika]] idafite marongo mongose, imvubu, imitsi yizosi ryizuru, na [[Inzobe|sitatunga]]. Ingona, zahigwaga hafi yo kuzimira hafi y'ibiyaga, ni gake. Usibye amafi yatangijwe na Nil yiganje mu biyaga, amoko kavukire harimo na Victoriya, nayo atuye muri ayo mazi. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga]] czt4pcn0k2wzubdh52zyyj0imuqjnhy 0 15404 139191 138631 2026-09-23T03:30:56Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139191 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jalkuworee (Assamese জলকুঁৱৰী) (49105909727).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Narus]] Uruzi rwa Narus ni uruzi runyura mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba binyuze mu gice cy'amajyepfo ya Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kidepo, mu majyaruguru ya Uganda, rugahurira n'uruzi runini rwa Kidepo hafi ya Komoloyichi, nko ku birometero 13 nyuma yo kwinjira muri leta ya Equatoriya y'iburasirazuba ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.bet.com/article/5b80oq/eunice-rivers-harvard-audio-interview |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320100612/https://www.bet.com/article/5b80oq/eunice-rivers-harvard-audio-interview |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/arnprior-hospital-offering-25-000-to-new-nurse-hires-1.6062626 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-20 |archive-date=2023-03-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320095110/https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/arnprior-hospital-offering-25-000-to-new-nurse-hires-1.6062626 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umugezi wa Narus ushobora kwerekeza kuri: * Umugezi wa Narus, Kapoeta, unyura cyane mu ntara ya Kapoeta y'Iburasirazuba muri Sudani y'Amajyepfo.<ref>https://lacrossetribune.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/nurse-charged-with-sex-crimes-at-monroe-county-jail/article_51e607dc-45a0-11ed-962a-8f7a9b79a395.html</ref> * Umugezi wa Narus, Uganda, unyura cyane muri Parike ya Kidepo mu majyaruguru ya Uganda.<ref>https://www.thedodo.com/daily-dodo/family-cant-find-rescue-puppy-then-realize-hes-hiding-in-plain-sight</ref><ref>https://myparistexas.com/mccurtain-county-memorial-hospital-refutes-rumor-of-woman-taking-newborn-from-hospital/</ref> [[Dosiye:Horseshoe Bend TC 27-09-2012 15-34-14.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Narus]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] 516fwdp0i52sc60qe7bwws805b01074 0 15425 139221 98995 2026-09-23T07:21:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139221 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umugezi]] Ishasha ni uruzi rwo mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba [[Ubugande|bwa Uganda]], rukaba rugize umupaka na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Iva mu isoko yayo ya ruguru ya Kabale kugera ku munwa ku [[Ikiyaga cya Edward|kiyaga cya Edward]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Southwestern Uganda |url=https://www.google.com/maps/@-0.8569821,29.8096055,103541m/data=!3m1!1e3 |access-date=10 June 2018 |website=Google Maps |publisher=Google}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ishasha River course |url=https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=10/-0.9585/29.7764 |access-date=10 June 2018 |website=OpenStreetMap}}</ref> Uburebure bwacyo hafi kilometero 100. == Ibisobanuro == Uruzi ruva mu miyoboro y'amazi mu murima wa kilometero 20 z'amajyaruguru yu burengerazuba bwa Kabale. Iranyura mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba unyuze mu mibande y'imisozi kugera ku bwinjiriro bwayo mu majyaruguru ya parike. Kuva aho, ikomeza mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba munsi y’ishyamba riremereye kugera ku rugomero rwa Kanungu, igice cy’amashanyarazi ya Kanungu, kizwi kandi ku izina rya Ishasha. Uvuye kuri sitasiyo y’amashanyarazi, uzenguruka mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba unyuze ku misozi miremire kugeza igihe winjiye ugahinduka igice cy’umupaka wa Uganda na Demokarasi ya Kongo. Nyuma yo guhindukira mu majyaruguru, irakomeza inyura mu mujyi wa Ishasha muri congo mu majyepfo ya Parike y’umwamikazi Elizabethi. Igumye kumupaka wiburengerazuba kugeza yinjiye mu bishanga ku nkombe yi [[Ikiyaga cya Edward|kiyaga cya Edward]]. == Aho biherereye == {{PoI start}} {{PoI|Kabale District source|-1.09|29.89|UGA|Elevation: 6020 ft}} {{PoI|Entering Bwindi Impenetrable Forest|-0.956|29.778|UGA|Elev: 4987 ft}} {{PoI|Kanungu power station|-0.872|29.665|UGA|Elev: 3554 ft}} {{PoI|Uganda-DRC border|-0.834|29.639|UGA|Elev: 3432 ft}} {{PoI|Ishasha town|-0.735|29.630|COD|Elev: 3285 ft}} {{PoI|Lake Edward mouth|-0.445|29.686|UGA|Elev: 2995 ft}} {{PoI end}} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'inzuzi za Uganda * Urutonde rwinzuzi za Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] norqh5sh5b7xksg8bl8ntvt20fxkqyu 0 15426 139364 99016 2026-09-23T09:08:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Turkwel_River_Outside_Lodwar_Town_in_Turkana_County_Kenya.JPG|thumb| Umugezi wumye wumugezi wa Turkwel, hafi yumujyi wa Lodwar mu ntara ya Turkana, muri Kenya]] [[Dosiye:Turkwel_River_and_Lake_Turkana_(17343415454).jpg|thumb| Urabona kwinjira mu kiyaga cya Turkana]] '''Umugezi wa Turkwel''' ni uruzi rutemba ruva ku musozi wa Elgoni ku mu paka wa [[Kenya]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kugera ku kiyaga cya Turikana. Uruzi rwitwa umugezi wa Suwamu kuva aho ruva rugana ku mupaka mu ntara ya Turkana ya Kenya. Izina Turukweli rikomoka ku izina rya Turikana ryerekeye uruzi, bisobanura uruzi rwihanganira ubutayu. Turkweli itangirira ahantu habi cyane ho musozi wa Elgoni no ku misozi ya Cherangani, hanyuma ikanyura mu kibaya cya Turkana y'Amajyepfo, ikambuka ubutayu bwa Loturerei hafi ya Lodwar ikisuka mu kiyaga kinini kinini cyo mu butayu ku kiyaga cya Turkana. <ref name="Adams">{{Cite journal|pages=189&ndash;198}}</ref> Uruzi rutemba rutandukana ibihe, kandi rushobora kwibasirwa nu mwuzure mugihe cyimvura. <ref name="Adams" /> [[Dosiye:MariaValeriaBridge.jpg|left|thumb|umugezi turkwel]] Urugomero rwa Turkwel rutavugwaho rumwe rwubatswe na guverinoma ya Kenya kuva 1986 kugeza 1991 babifashijwemo n'Ubufaransa. Umugambi wari uwo gukoresha amazi ya Turkwel. Umushinga wagombaga kubanza kugura kuri miliyali 4, ariko yarangije gutwara amafaranga arenze miliyali 20. Urugomero rwu zuyemo igice cya Turkwel maze rugira ikigega cya Turkwel. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=377–392}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] co0rhrxpysp5pxfn2sw7eptkq80k1ly 0 15485 139259 121207 2026-09-23T07:32:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River Scene - Outside Kigali - Rwanda - 02.jpg|thumb|Umugezi Akanyaru]] Umugezi '''wa Akanyaru ni uruzi''' runini ruturuka kugezi wa Nyabarongo. Irazamuka mu misozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], n' [[Uburundi]], itemba iburasirazuba hanyuma ikerekeza mu majyaruguru ku mupaka uhuza ibyo bihugu mbere yo kwinjira mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Kurambura hepfo birimo ibishanga byingenzi ariko bidakingiwe, bibangamiwe nibikorwa byabantu. == Amasomo == [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Akanyaru]] Umugezi wa Mugere, amazi akomeye yo mu mutwe, uzamuka ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,450 mu Burundi. Uruzi rufite amasoko agera kuri metero 2,300 ubutumburuke mu majyepfo yu Rwanda. Benshi mu mibande yinzuzi ndende zinizwe na [[Urufunzo|papirusi]], irimo amashyamba y'ibishanga ibihe. [1] Igice cyo hejuru cyuruzi gifite ubuso bungana na metero 2,650 . [2] hepfo yuruzi ni umukandara wibishanga bihoraho nka kilometero 7 ubugari burangirira aho bugera ku ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Muri iyi kilometro 80 kurambura ibitonyanga byinzuzi kuva ku butumburuke bwa 1,465 kugeza kuri metero 1,400 . Umukandara w'igishanga ugaburirwa iburyo n'ibiyaga Cyohoha y'Amajyaruguru na Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo. [1] Uruhande rw'Uburundi rw'umukandara w'igishanga rufite hegitari zigera ku 14,600 z'igishanga gihoraho ku 63 kurambura uruzi, hamwe nigishanga kigera 6 to 10 hejuru y'ibibaya by'inzuzi. [3] == Ikirere == Igice cyo hejuru cyikibaya cyinzuzi gifite impuzandengo yimvura igera kuri 1,200 . [2] cy'imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka mu bishanga ni 800 . [4] cy’u Rwanda kigenwa, ikora ibihe bibiri by'imvura. Imwe ikomeza hagati ya Nzeri kugeza hagati Ukuboza naho indi kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kongera ubukana bw’umwuzure n’amapfa. [5] Mu gice cya 1997 kugera 98 Nino igice kinini cy’ibihingwa by’ubuhinzi mu bishanga no mu bishanga byo mu kibaya cy’[[umugezi wa Nyabarongo]] na Akanyaru byarasenyutse. [6] == Flora == == Fauna == == Reba == === Imirongo === {{Reflist|30em}} === Inkomoko ===   [[Ikiciro:Uburundi]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] it5aev3qxb0367d6dc9mdajlcyd85aq 0 15510 139280 132013 2026-09-23T07:37:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139280 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Infobox/styles.css"></templatestyles>  Uruzi rwa Cuango cyangwa Kwango (mu Giporutugali: Rio Cuango; mu [[Igifaransa|Gifaransa]]: Rivière Kwango; mu Giholandi: Kwango Rivier) ni uruzi runyura mu bihugu bibiri, ari yo Angola na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ni umugezi munini kurusha indi winjira mu ruzi rwa Kasaï uturutse i buryo bw'ibumoso (left bank tributary), mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Kongo. Runyura mu ntara ya Malanje muri Angola. Ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Kwango gifite ubutunzi bunini bw'amabuye y'agaciro (diyama, cyane cyane mu karere ka Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster mu ntara ya Lunda Norte, wavumbuwe mu mugezi nyamukuru ndetse no mu mibande n'ahantu hatambutsa amazi (flood plains) hegereye uruzi. Mu kinyejana cya 19, uruzi rwa Kwango rwitwaga Quango, cyane cyane mu nyandiko z'umushakashatsi David Livingstone. <ref name="livingstone">{{Cite web |last=Livingstone |first=Justin D. |date=2019 |title=Glossary of Key Terms in the Missionary Travels Manuscript |url=https://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/missionary-travels-manuscript/glossary-key-terms-in-the-missionary-travels-manuscript |access-date=6 April 2025 |website=Livingstone Online}}</ref> Ubwami bwa Rund, bwagutse buhinduka ubwami bwa Lunda, bwari bugizwe n'uturere twavaga ku ruzi rwa Kwango kugeza ku [[Umugezi wa Luapula|ruzi rwa Luapula]]. Abategetsi babwo bitabiriye ubucuruzi bw'abacakara. <ref name="Ogot1992">{{Cite book |last=Bethwell A. Ogot |date=July 1992 |title=Africa from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WAQbp7aLpZkC&pg=PA601 |publisher=UNESCO |isbn=978-92-3-101711-7 |pages=580, 601, 605 |access-date=24 January 2011}}</ref> Kwaguka kwa Lunda mu kibaya byateje imbere umurage wa politiki n'umuco rusange, ndetse binateza imbere ubucuruzi bw'abacakara, bitewe n'ubucucike bw'abaturage buri hagati y'imigezi ya Kwango na [[Umugezi wa Kwilu|Kwilu]]. Abanyaporutugali bakoroneje ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Kwango, banyaga ubwami bwa Kasanje. Uruzi rwa Kwango rwarebwaga n'amasezerano y'Ubuporutugali yashyiriweho umukono i Lisbonne ku itariki ya 25 Gicurasi 1891, ndetse n'Itangazo ryo ku itariki ya 24 Werurwe. 1894.<ref name="BrownlieBurns1979">{{Cite book |last=Brownlie |first=Ian |year=1979 |title=African boundaries: a legal and diplomatic encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=A8Du4k0udx4C&pg=PA492 |last2=Burns |first2=Ian R. |publisher=C. Hurst |isbn=978-0-903983-87-7 |page=492 |access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref> Cuango, iherereye mu Ntara ya Lunda Norte mu kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Cuango, ifatwa nk' "iri mu mutima w'amabuye y'agaciro mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Angola", agace ka diyama gakungahaye cyane muri Angola. Uyu mujyi wagize uruhare runini mu ntambara y'abenegihugu ya Angola, kuko ingabo za Uniao National zombi zagerageje gufata no gufata umujyi. UNITA yashyikirije guverinoma umujyi ku ya 30 Nzeri 1997, nk'igice cy'amasezerano ya Lusaka. <ref name="JamesBroadhead2004">{{Cite book |last=James |first=W. Martin |year=2004 |title=Historical dictionary of Angola |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame |last2=Broadhead |first2=Susan Herlin |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]– |access-date=25 January 2011 |url-access=registration}}</ref>   Cuango ituruka mu misozi miremire ya Alto Chicapa mu ntara ya Lunda Sul muri Angola, ikamanuka mu majyepfo y'amajyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, ikambuka umupaka na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ikanahurira n'uruzi rwa Kasai hafi y'umujyi wa Bandundo. Nyuma yaho, isuka mu [[Umugezi wa Congo|ruzi rwa Kongo]]. <ref name="JamesBroadhead2004">{{Cite book |last=James |first=W. Martin |year=2004 |title=Historical dictionary of Angola |url=https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame |last2=Broadhead |first2=Susan Herlin |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-4940-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicaldictio0000jame/page/41 41]– |access-date=25 January 2011 |url-access=registration}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJamesBroadhead2004">James, W. Martin; Broadhead, Susan Herlin (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required">[[iarchive:historicaldictio0000jame|''Historical dictionary of Angola'']]</span>. Scarecrow Press. pp.&nbsp;[[iarchive:historicaldictio0000jame/page/41|41]]–. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4940-2|<bdi>978-0-8108-4940-2</bdi>]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Uruzi ruzamuka mu [[Lunda plateau|kibaya cya Lunda]], rukora ikibaya kinini. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2025)">Icyitonderwa kirakenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Uruzi rwa Kwango rufite {{Convert|1100|km}} uburebure kuva aho isoko yacyo iherereye kugeza aho ihurira n'uruzi rwa Kongo, muri rwo hakaba {{Convert|855|km}} iherereye muri Angola. <ref name="Brit">{{Cite web |title=Kwango River |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River. |access-date=24 January 2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> <ref name="Great">{{Cite web |title=Kwango |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River |access-date=24 January 2011 |publisher=The Free Dictionary by Farlex of The Great Soviet Encyclopedia}}</ref> Uruzi rutemba amazi ku buso bwose bwa {{Convert|263500|km2}} . Inkombe yayo y'iburyo ni imigezi ya Wamba na Kwilu. <ref name="Free">{{Cite web |title=Kwango |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River |access-date=24 January 2011}}</ref> Cuango ifite amasumo menshi n'imigezi myinshi. <ref name="Free">{{Cite web |title=Kwango |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River |access-date=24 January 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River "Kwango"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Uburyo bwo kugenda buboneka cyane cyane mu nkengero zo hasi z'uruzi, bufite uburebure bwa {{Convert|307|km}} kuva ku kanwa kayo kugera ku mugezi wa Kingushi. Uburyo bwo kugenda igice burashoboka no hagati mu ruzi hagati ya Kingushi n'amazi ya Franz Josef mu ntera ya {{Convert|300|km}} . <ref name="Free" /> Imvura igwa mu ruzi mu gihe cy'amezi make iba mu kwezi kwa Kanama. Impuzandengo y'amazi asohoka mu mwaka mu nkengero z'uruzi ni {{Convert|2700|m3/s|spell=us}} <ref name="Free">{{Cite web |title=Kwango |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River |access-date=24 January 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River "Kwango"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> Ikibaya cy'uruzi gituwe n'imiryango ya Yaka, Abasuku, [[Mbala people|Abambala]], n'Abapende. Ubuhanga bwabo mu bukorikori bugaragara mu buryo bw'udupfukamunwa mu miterere y'ibishushanyo, n'ibindi bintu bibajwe. <ref name="Kwango">{{Cite web |title=Kwango River |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/325813/Kwango-River. |access-date=24 January 2011 |publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica}}</ref> Nubwo uruzi rukoreshwa mu kuroba, <ref name="Free">{{Cite web |title=Kwango |url=http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River |access-date=24 January 2011}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Kwango+River "Kwango"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite></ref> ikibaya cyaratunganyijwe ku buryo gitanga ubuhinzi bwo kwibeshaho gusa. Icyagaragaye mu mateka ni umusaruro w'amavuta y'amapamu na kawucu. <ref name="FishFish2001">{{Cite book |last=Fish |first=Bruce |date=May 2001 |title=The Congo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8qxA7unER3MC&pg=PA14 |last2=Fish |first2=Becky Durost |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=978-0-7910-6198-5 |page=14 |access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref> <ref name="Heintze2008">{{Cite book |last=Heintze |first=Beatrix |year=2008 |title=Angola on the move: transport routes, communications and history |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jkEN9mvNbRQC&pg=PA85 |publisher=Verlag Otto Lembeck |isbn=978-3-87476-553-4 |page=85 |access-date=25 January 2011}}</ref> Ibikorwa by'ingenzi mu bukungu n'amafaranga [[Angola|Leta ya Angola]] yinjiza biva mu gucukura diyama mu kibaya. Ikibaya cy'uruzi gifite isoko ryinshi rya diyama mu itsinda rya Chitamba-Lulo Kimberlite Cluster mu Ntara ya Lunda Norte, ryavumbuwe mu muyoboro munini w'uruzi no ku materase yo mu kibaya cyuzuyemo imyuzure. Intara za Lunda Norte na Lund Sul mu kibaya cy'uruzi zigize umubare munini w'ibirombe bya diyama mu kibaya no muri Angola. <ref name="Dockstock">{{Cite web |title=De Beers, diamonds and Angola developing an understanding |url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/49105357/De-Beers-diamonds-and-Angola-developing-an-understanding-of |access-date=24 January 2011 |publisher=Dockstock – Documents for Special Business and Professionals |pages=37–39}}</ref> Impushya zo gushakisha zahawe BRC, zigera ku buso bwa {{Convert|2150|km}} hagati ya Tembo na Kasonga Lunda hejuru y'uruzi rwa Kwango rufite uburebure bwa {{Convert|185|km}} . <ref name="Project">{{Cite web |title=Kwango River Project |url=http://www.afdevinfo.com/htmlreports/org/org_55754.html |access-date=24 January 2011 |publisher=BRC Congo Development S.P.R.L.; Kwango Mining S.P.R.L.}}</ref> Dukurikije uruhushya rwo gucukura [[amabuye y'agaciro]] rufitwe na Soiadale de Desenvolvimento Mineiro (SDM), uturere dukorerwamo imirimo y’ubucukuzi turi ku miyoboro ya Tazua na Ginge River kuri Cuango. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=Technical Review Of Diamond Concessions On The Cuango River, Northern Angola |url=http://www.infomine.com/index/pr/Pa145202.PDF |publisher=A C A Howe International Limited |page=8}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alphabetical Locality Index – T |url=http://www.mindat.org/locindex-T0.html |publisher=mindat.org |quote=Tazua Mine, Luzamba, Cuango City Council, Lunda Norte Province, Angola}}</ref><templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />{{Reflist|2}}{{Rivers of Angola}}{{Rivers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo}}{{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] tfn99mvkjrar48bshu3w51pbiftzvjv 0 15535 139223 95297 2026-09-23T07:24:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Limpopo river mouth (14861850191).jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Limpopo]] '''Umugezi wa Limpopo''' uzamuka muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] kandi utemba muri rusange ugana i burasirazuba unyuze muri [[Mozambike]] ugana ku nyanja y'Abahinde. Ijambo Limpopo ryakomotse kuri Rivombo (Livombo / Lebombo), itsinda ry'abimukira bitwaTsonga riyobowe na Hosi Rivombo batuye hafi y'imisozi maze bita ako gace izina ry'umuyobozi wabo. umugezi ufite kilometero1,750 z'uburebure, hamwe n'ikibaya cy'amazi gifite kilometerokare 415,000 mu bunini. Limpopo ni umugezi wa kabiri munini muri Afurika ujya mu nyanja y'Abahinde, nyuma [[Umugezi wa Zambezi|y'umugezi wa Zambezi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zhu |first=Tingju |last2=Ringler |first2=Claudia |title=Climate change impact on water availability and use in the Limpopo river basin |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232271837 |access-date=2021-09-20 |website=Researchgate.net}}</ref> Umunyaburayi wa mbere wabonye uyu mugezi ni Vasco da Gama, wafashe ku munwa mu 1498 akawita uruzi rwa Espirito Santo. Amasomo yacyo yo hasi yashakishijwe na St Vincent Whitshed Erskine mu mwaka wa 1868 kugeza 1869. Agace k'amazi kuruzi rwa Limpopo kagabanutse mu gihe cya geologiya. Kugeza mu bihe bya nyuma ya Pliocene cyangwa Pleistocene, inzira yo hejuru y'uruzi rwa Zambezi yatembye mu mugezi wa Limpopo. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=437–456}}</ref> Guhindura ibice by'amazi ni igisubizo cy'imikorere ya epeirogenic yazamuye ubuso bw'amajyaruguru y'umugezi wa Limpopo wubu, ikayobora amazi mu mugezi wa Zambezi. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=363–376}}</ref> == Imiterere ==   Umugezi wa Limpopo utemba uca mu nzira ndende, ubanza uzenguruka mu majyaruguru hanyuma ugana mu majyaruguru-uburasirazuba, hanyuma ugahindukirira iburasirazuba amaherezo ugana mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba. ukora nk'umupaka wa kilometero 640 , gutandukanya Afurika y'Epfo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba na Botswana mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba na Zimbabwe mu majyaruguru. Mu masangano y'uruzi rwa Marico n'umugezi wa Crocodile, izina rihinduka uruzi rwa Limpopo. Hariho umuvuduko mwinshi mugihe uruzi rutemba ruva muri Afrika yepfo. Mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Afrika yepfo uruzi ruhana imbibi na parike ya Kruger. Umujyi wa Xai-Xai, icyambu cya Mozambike, uri ku ruzi hafi y’umunwa. Munsi ya Olifants, uruzi rushobora kugenda ku nyanja, nubwo umusenyi utabuza kwinjira mu mato manini usibye ku muhengeri mwinshi. == Inzuzi == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Igice cy'ibumoso ! Igice cy'iburyo |- | * Umugezi wa Notwane * Umugezi wa Bonwapitse * Umugezi wa Mahalapswe * Umugezi wa Lotsane * Umugezi wa Motloutse * Shashe River * Umzingwani River * Bubi River * Umugezi wa Mwenezi * Umugezi wa Changane | * Umugezi wa Marico * Umugezi w'ingona * Umugezi wa Matlabas * Umugezi wa Mokolo * Umugezi wa Palala * Umugezi wa Mogalakwena * Umugezi wa Kolope * Umugezi * Umugezi wa Nwanedi * Umugezi wa Luvuvhu * Umugezi wa Olifants |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imigezi yo muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi yo muri Zimbabwe]] 6yi64wk3y1i72hwlbg7it5euexbtzy5 0 15574 139505 93519 2026-09-23T09:59:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139505 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:In_Darkest_Africa_ascending_Aruwimi_River.jpg|right|thumb|250x250px| Igishushanyo cy’urugendo rwa ruzamuka Aruwimi, mu gitabo cye, 1890]] [[Dosiye:Stanley_Falls_Map.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Inzira zerekanwa n'umurongo w'umukara ukomeye kandi ucagaguye.]] '''Umugezi wa Aruwimi''' ni uruzi rw'uruzi rwa [[Umugezi wa Congo|congo]], ruherereye mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba bwa congo. <ref name="Stanley">Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. </ref> Aruwimi itangira nk'umugezi wa Ituri, uzamuka hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Albert|y'ikiyaga cya Albert]], muri savana mu majyaruguru y'uruzi rwa Kibale. Hanyuma ikomeza muri rusange mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba kugeza ihujwe nuruzi rwa Shari rutemba rwa Bunia. Ituri noneho ihindukirira iburengerazuba, inyuze mu ishyamba rya Ituri, ihinduka Aruwimi aho uruzi rwa Nepoko (cyangwa Nepoki) ruhurira na rwo, mu mujyi wa [[Bomili]]. Uruzi rukomeza iburengerazuba, ruhuza Kongo i Basoko. Uburebure bwa Aruwimi - Ituri-Nizi ni kilometero 1,287 , hamwe na Ituri ifite 650 , Nizi hafi 257 na Aruwimi hafi 380 . Aruwimi ni 1.5 ubugari aho buhurira na congo. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo]] 8mcioebg0cie5n8e9jibhr5ai9e5dhc 0 15590 139224 124373 2026-09-23T07:24:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139224 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mavis Dgajmah''' (wavutse ku ya 21 Ukuboza 1973) ni umukinnyi mpuzamahanga akaba ukuminnyi wu mupira w'amaguru w’abagore bo muri Gana ukina imbere. Yari umwe mu bagize ikipe y'igihugu y'umupira w'amaguru muri Gana. Yabaye mu ikipe mu gikombe cy'isi cy’abagore cya FIFA mu 1999 ndetse no mu gikombe cy’isi cya bagore cya FIFA 2003 . <ref>{{Cite web |year=2003 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup USA 2003 - Technical Report |url=https://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/technicaldevp/50/08/02/fwwcusa2003-technicalreport_neu_081010.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111226232356/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/technicaldevp/50/08/02/fwwcusa2003-technicalreport%5fneu%5f081010.pdf |archive-date=26 December 2011 |access-date=2007-09-28 |website=FIFA Women's World Cup United States 2003 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref> Ku rwego rwa ikipe yakiniye La Ladies muri Gana. <ref>{{Cite web |year=1999 |title=FIFA Women's World Cup USA 1999 - Ghana |url=https://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/usa1999/teams/team=1883721/index.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150702171951/http://www.fifa.com/womensworldcup/archive/usa1999/teams/team=1883721/index.html |archive-date=2 July 2015 |access-date=2007-09-28 |website=FIFA Women's World Cup United States 1999 |publisher=[[FIFA]]}}</ref><ref>https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Today-in-sports-history-Sun-Wen-scores-hat-trick-as-China-beat-Black-Queens-7-0-987559</ref><ref>https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/460559-mavis-dgajmah</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mavis-Dgajmah-4666 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322144030/https://www.ghanaweb.com/person/Mavis-Dgajmah-4666 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.worldfootball.net/player_summary/mavis-dgajmah/</ref><ref>https://fbref.com/en/players/1a11ad6e/Mavis-Dgajmah</ref><ref>https://www.soccerdonna.de/en/mavis-dgajmah/profil/spieler_383.html</ref><ref>https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/mavis-dgajmah</ref><ref>https://int.soccerway.com/players/mavis-dgajmah/291405/</ref><ref>https://alchetron.com/Mavis-Dgajmah</ref><ref>https://m.goalzz.com/default.aspx?player=5578</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ogol.com.br/player.php?id=182358 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322144032/https://www.ogol.com.br/player.php?id=182358 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.sport.de/fussball/pe51127/mavis-dgajmah/statistik-als-spieler/</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] lx8i5kf9l2p4wh4zoxxizpxuhpe00ix 0 15598 139365 131507 2026-09-23T09:08:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139365 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ahmed Mahour Bacha''' (wavutse ku ya 16 Kamena 1961) ni umuknnyi wa alijeriya wahoze ari umukinnyi wi mikino ngororamubiri w'asiganwe mu gutera umuhunda. <ref name="AA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170705044620/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/359877 Mahour Ahmed Bacha]. All Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Bacha yari muri yambere ny'afurika nicyarabu m'umyaka ya za 1980 n'intangiriro ya 1990. Yatsindiye ibikombe 23 by'igihugu mu mwuga we mugutera umuhunda ndetse no mu birori bitandukanye, harimo icyenda. <ref name="NC">[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/alg.htm Algerian Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Yabaye nyampinga wa Afurika inshuro eshanu - inshuro enye muri decathlon na rimwe muri javelin. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afc.htm African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Yabaye kandi inshuro ebyiri yegukanye umudari wa zahabu muri decathlon mu mikino yose ya Afurika, yatsinze mu 1987 na 1991. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afg.htm All-Africa Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Yatsindiye ibikombe bitatu bya decathlon mu marushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri y’Abarabu kuva 1981 kugeza 1987 kandi yegukanye umudari wa zahabu inshuro ebyiri mu mikino ya Pan Arab Arab 1985, aza ku mwanya wa mbere muri podiyumu ya decathlon na javelin. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/arg.htm Pan Arab Games]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Bacha yagaragaye rimwe kurwego rwisi, muri Shampiyona yisi 1983 yaberaga muri siporo. Ntabwo yananiwe kwandika ikimenyetso cyemewe mumikino yo kurasa ahitamo kutarangiza amarushanwa. <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/algeria/ahmed-mahour-bacha-6404 Ahmed Mahour Bacha]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-02-20.</ref> Yashyizeho ubuzima bwiza amanota 7934 kuri decathlon ku ya 9 Nyakanga 1985 muri Algiers. Javelin yataye neza hamwe na moderi nshya yari 70.20 m ( == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |1981 |[[1981 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Tunis]], Tunisia |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7495 pts |- |rowspan=3|1983 |[[1983 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Amman]], Jordan |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |6893 pts |- |[[1983 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |[[Casablanca]], Morocco |bgcolor=cc996|3rd |Decathlon |6708 pts |- |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Helsinki]], Finland |— |[[1983 World Championships in Athletics – Men's decathlon|Decathlon]] |{{AthAbbr|DNF}} |- |rowspan=2|1984 |rowspan=2|[[1984 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Rabat]], Morocco |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Javelin throw |71.86 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7022 pts |- |rowspan=5|1985 |rowspan=3|[[1985 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=3|[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Pole vault |4.50 m |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |6712 pts |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Javelin throw |80.04 m |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 1985 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Casablanca]], Morocco |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7577 pts |- |bgcolor=gold|1st |Javelin throw |76.88 m |- |rowspan=2|1986 |rowspan=2|[[1986 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Tunis]], Tunisia |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Shot put |14.06 m |- |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Javelin throw |70.20 m |- |rowspan=2|1987 |[[1987 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7372 pts |- |[[Athletics at the 1987 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Nairobi]], Kenya |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7104 pts |- |1988 |[[1988 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Annaba]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Decathlon |7128 pts |- |rowspan=2|1990 |[[1990 Maghreb Athletics Championships|Maghreb Championships]] |[[Algiers]], Algeria |bgcolor=silver|2nd |Decathlon |7026 pts |- |[[1990 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |Decathlon |6802 pts |- |1991 |[[Athletics at the 1991 All-Africa Games|All-Africa Games]] |[[Cairo]], Egypt |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7431 pts |- |1992 |[[1992 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |[[Belle Vue Mauricia]], Mauritius |bgcolor=gold|1st |Decathlon |7467 pts |} == Amazina y'igihugu == * [[Algerian Athletics Championships|Shampiyona y'imikino ngororamubiri yo muri Alijeriya]] <ref name="NC"/> ** Ububiko bwa pole: 1982, 1984, 1985 ** Kurasa: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986 ** Gutera Discus: 1985, 1991, 1992, 1993 ** Gutera Javelin: 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993 ** Decathlon: 1982, 1984, 1992 == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Gana]] 3atcnhcexnge2dlrmhvm07x8xpdol4g 0 15607 139366 134249 2026-09-23T09:08:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Bernadine_Bezuidenhout.jpg|thumb|right|Bernadine Michelle Bezuidenhout]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q24062451}} '''Bernadine Michelle Bezuidenhout''' (wavutse ku ya 14 Nzeri 1993) ni umukinnyi mpuzamahanga wa Afurika yepfo wavukiye muri Nuvele-Zelande, ubu ukinira akarere ko mu majyaruguru. Yakiniye ikipe y'igihugu ya Ciriketi y'abagore bo muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] hagati ya 2014 na 2015 mbere yo kwerekeza i Christchurch, muri [[Nuveli Zelande|Nuvele Zelande]] kandi kuva icyo gihe yagiye ahagararira White Ferns yo muri Nuvele-Zelande, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Player Profile: Bernadine Bezuidenhout |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/southafrica/content/player/499247.html |access-date=2016-05-10 |publisher=[[Cricinfo]]}}</ref> nyuma y'imyaka itatu ihagaze. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Former South African international Bezuidenhout eyes future with White Ferns |url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/sport/cricket/72622544/former-south-african-international-bezuidenhout-eyes-future-with-white-ferns |access-date=6 June 2018 |website=Stuff}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand women call up Watkin, Bezuidenhout for England tour |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23320010/new-zealand-women-call-jess-watkin-bernadine-bezuidenhout-england-tour |access-date=6 June 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> Ku ya 6 Gicurasi 2018, yakinnye bwa mbere mu bagore ba 20 (WT20I) muri Nouvelle-Zélande na Irlande. <ref name="Bezuidenhout">{{Cite web |title=Cricket: Debutants impress as White Ferns thrash Ireland |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12065972 |access-date=6 June 2018 |website=New Zealand Herald |archive-date=6 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180606220125/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/sport/news/article.cfm?c_id=4&objectid=12065972 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Kanama 2018, yahawe amasezerano yo hagati na New Zealand Cricket, nyuma yo kuzenguruka Irlande n'Ubwongereza mu mezi ashize. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rachel Priest left out of New Zealand women contracts |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/story/1154075.html |access-date=2 August 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Four new players included in White Ferns contract list |url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/news/792631 |access-date=2 August 2018 |website=International Cricket Council}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2018, yashyizwe mu ikipe ya Nouvelle-Zélande mu marushanwa ya ICC y'abagore ku isi ya Twenty20 2018 azabera mu burengerazuba bwa Indies. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Zealand women pick spin-heavy squads for Australia T20Is, World T20 |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/24718081/new-zealand-women-pick-spin-heavy-squads-australia-t20is-world-t20 |access-date=18 September 2018 |website=ESPN Cricinfo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=White Ferns turn to spin in big summer ahead |url=https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/white-ferns-turn-to-spin-in-big-summer-ahead |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180918160511/https://www.nzc.nz/news-items/white-ferns-turn-to-spin-in-big-summer-ahead |archive-date=18 September 2018 |access-date=18 September 2018 |website=New Zealand Cricket}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Afurika yepfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] o6145f923qo4h01agpvxczkwriy62nt 0 15663 139407 107519 2026-09-23T09:40:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139407 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Songwe''' ni uruzi rugize imbibi mpu zamahanga hagati ya [[Malawi]] na karere ka Songwe muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Agace ka songwe muri Tanzaniya yitiriwe uruzi. [[Dosiye:Songwe_(Lake_Rukwa)_2.jpg|thumb|right|Umugezi wa Songwe]] Amazi meza ya Songwe niho imipaka ya Malawi, Tanzaniya, na [[Zambiya]] ihurira. Itemba mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba kugirango yubake mu kiyaga cya Nyasa. Amasomo yo hagati atandukanya imisozi ya Misuku ya Malawi n'umusozi wa Umalila mu karere ka Songwe muri Tanzaniya. Inzira yo hepfo inyura mu kibaya cya Kyela, ikibaya kirumbuka giherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'ikiyaga cya Malawi ikibaya cya Rifuti yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Ikibaya cya Kyela gihingwa n'umuceri n'ibindi bihingwa. <ref>Racaud, Sylvain, and Francois Bart (2017). ''Rural-Urban Dynamics in the East African Mountains''. Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2017.</ref> [[Dosiye:Songwe_Bridge.jpg|thumb|right|Ikiraro cyambukiranya umugezi wa Songwe.]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://allafrica.com/stories/201207240037.html Tanzaniya, Malawi Gushyira mu bikorwa Gahunda y'Ikibaya cya Songwe] == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugezi wa Tanzaniya]] i486f52w1lq6d21g2fzsklqgskjktqk 0 15667 139395 106817 2026-09-23T09:14:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139395 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:SelousSandRivers.jpg|thumb|right|Umugezi wa Rufiji uherereye mu gace ka Parike ya Selous mu gihugu cya Tanzania.]] '''Umugezi wa Rufiji''' uri muri [[Tanzaniya]]. Ni uruzi runini kandi ndende mu gihugu. Uruzi rugizwe no guhuza imigezi ya Kilombero na Luwegu. kilometero 600 , hamwe n'inkomoko yayo mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Tanzaniya n'umunwa wacyo ku nyanja y'Ubuhinde ahateganye ni kirwa cya Mafiya hakurya ya Mafia, mu karere ka Pwani. Umugezi wacyo nyamukuru ni uruzi runini rwa Ruaha. Irashobora kugenda hafi kilometero100 . Umugezi wa Rufiji ni 200 mu majyepfo ya Dar es Salama. Delita yinzuzi irimo ishyamba rinini rya mangrove mu burasirazuba bwa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576989/Snoussi_2007_Downstream_and.pdf |title="Downstream and Coastal Impacts of Damming and Water Abstraction in Africa", ''Environmental Management'', authored by Maria Snoussi, Johnson Kitheka, Yohanna Shaghude, Alioune Kane, Russell Arthurton, Martin Le Tissier, and Hassan Virji, 2007, volume 39, page 589 |access-date=2023-03-23 |archive-date=2014-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821041140/http://bscw-app1.let.ethz.ch/pub/nj_bscw.cgi/d11576989/Snoussi_2007_Downstream_and.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == {| class="wikitable" border="3" style="margin-right: 3em;" |+Agace ka Rufiji ! scope="col" | Uruzi ! scope="col" | Agace<br /><br /><br /><br /> kilometero ! scope="col" | Ijanisha<br /><br /><br />y'akarere ! scope="col" | Ijanisha<br /><br /><br /><br />yo kwiruka |- ! scope="row" | Ruaha | align="right" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;83,970 | align="right" | 47 | align="right" | 15 |- ! scope="row" | Kilombero | align="right" | 39,990 | align="right" | 23 | align="right" | 62 |- ! scope="row" | Luwegu | align="right" | 26.300 | align="right" | 15 | align="right" | 18 |- ! scope="row" | Rufiji (uruzi rwo hepfo) | align="right" | 27.160 | align="right" | 15 | align="right" | 5 |- |- ! scope="row" | '''Igiteranyo''' | align="right" |&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;177.429 | align="right" | 100 | align="right" | 100 |} == Umushinga w'amashanyarazi == == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ibindi gusoma == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi wa Tanzaniya]] 2709ur0hfn9gyq8fbvctq1jixna5y8i 0 15679 139460 107099 2026-09-23T09:47:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139460 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lake_Jipe.png|thumb|right|Ikarita igaragaza ikiyaga cya Jipe.]] '''Ikiyaga cya Jipe''' ni ikiyaga gihuza imbibi z'ambukiranya imipaka ya [[Kenya]] na [[Tanzaniya]]. Ku ruhande rwa Kenya, ruherereye mu majyepfo yu mudugudu wa Ngohonji mu gihe ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya, ruherereye mu Karere ka Mwanga, mu Karere ka Kilimanjaro. Ikiyaga kigaburirwa cyane cyane n'umugezi wa Lumi, umanuka ku [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|musozi wa Kilimanjaro]], ndetse ni nzuzi ziva mu [[Imisozi ya Pare|misozi ya Pare]] y'Amajyaruguru, zikaba ziri ku ruhande rw'i bihembo. <ref name="ramsar.org2004">{{Cite web |date=May 2004 |title=Lake Jipe Awareness Raising Strategy (2005 – 2007) |url=http://www.ramsar.org/pdf/outreach_actionplan_tanzania_jipe.pdf |access-date=24 September 2011 |website=ramsar.org |publisher=Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Wildlife Division |location=The United Republic of Tanzania |page=6}}</ref> Isoko ry'ikiyaga rigizwe n'umugezi wa Ruvu. <ref name="Ndetei">{{Cite web |last=Ndetei |first=Robert |title=The role of wetlands in lake ecological functions and sustainable livelihoods in lake environment: A case study on cross border Lake Jipe - Kenya/Tanzania |url=https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:2e4psS151TYJ:www.oceandocs.net/bitstream/1834/1492/1/WLCK-162-168.pdf+River+lumi+ruvu&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgCGQtRHRbyTd58huVgdd5XfMmglS-meICCJrH1eEEzeT_fg6Dx1lNf25JT-Xw0f6dHs7KAwj7ZurnbdW4ADAuyUe7pf3Bap24mMCSmVTRKzR8oCCC64gtfIwyw1zHcbrAx5Uwf&sig=AHIEtbT3U9ffbAfvC3C9Gw-2R2MPV772NA |access-date=6 October 2011 |publisher=Kenya Wildlife Service |pages=163}}</ref> Parike ya Tsavo y’iburengerazuba ya Kenya idakingiye irinda igice cyi nyanja y’amajyaruguru, mu gihe ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya Mkomazi Game iri hafi. <ref name="Briggs2006">{{Cite book|pages=227–}}</ref> Ikiyaga kizwiho amafi y’i cyorezo, hamwe n’inyoni z’amazi, inyamaswa z’inyamabere, ibimera byo mu gishanga n’ibishanga byo ku nkombe z’i kiyaga, bishobora kwaguka kilometero 2 kuva ku nkombe za Jipe. <ref name="Maltby2009">{{Cite book|pages=854–}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|33em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi wa Tanzaniya]] h8ghit0xu8nrjflqu6iixo39e059mhm 0 15683 139281 134819 2026-09-23T07:37:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ruaha River, Ruaha National Park (10) (28923564862).jpg|thumb]] '''Umugezi munini wa Ruaha''' ni [[uruzi]] rwo mu majyepfo [[Tanzaniya|ya Tanzaniya]] rw'agati runyura mu bishanga bya Usangu na Parike yi gihugu ya Ruwaha, mu burasirazuba kugera mu [[Umugezi wa Rufiji|ruzi rwa Rufiji]]. Iranyura kandi iranga imipaka iri hagati y'akarere ka Iringa, akarere ka Dodoma na karere ka Morogoro. Umugezi munini wa Ruaha ufite ubuso bungana na kilometero 83,970 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arvidson, Anders |display-authors=etal |date=May 2009 |title=Initial Assessment of Socioeconomic and Environmental Risks and Opportunities of Large‐scale Biofuels Production in the Rufiji District |url=http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910175844/http://www.tabef.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Risk-Assessment-of-SEKABscluster-approach-in-Rufiji-District-2805091.pdf |archive-date=2012-09-10 |access-date=2012-09-10 |publisher=SEKAB BioEnergy (T) Ltd |page=23}}</ref> Abaturage bo mu kibaya batunzwe ahanini no kuhira no kubaho mu mazi nko kuroba no korora amatungo. == Ingano == [[Dosiye:Ruaha_National_Park_Panorama.jpg|center|thumb|800x800px| Panorama ya Parike y'igihugu ya Ruaha, hamwe no kureba ku ruzi runini rwa Ruaha ku ya 27 Nyakanga 2003.]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Inkomoko == [[Ikiciro:Umugezi wa Tanzaniya]] b7wg0l99fyvt2fqhvmkdfz3vc384a0v 0 15721 139171 122257 2026-09-23T03:14:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hampden_Park_Glasgow_Commonwealth_Games_Day_13.JPG|thumb|250x250px| Jonathan Permal mu mikino ya yabavuga icyongereza 2014]] '''Jonathan Olivier Permal''' (yavutse ku ya 15 Mutarama 1994 ) <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230324040115/http://results.glasgow2014.com/athlete/athletics/1001013/j_permal.html Jonathan Permal]. Glasgow 2014. Retrieved on 2014-09-22.</ref> ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru uvuka mu Karere ka Flacq wo muri Morise wiruka muri metero 100 na metero 200 . Muri mikino ya bafaransa muri 2013, yegukanye umudari wa feza muri 200. Yageze no muri kimwe cya kabiri cyaba metero 100 na metero 200 mu marushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri muri Afurika 2014 yabereye i Marrakech, [[Maroke|muri Maroke]]. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181124233446/http://www.lemauricien.com/article/athletisme-championnats-dafrique-seniors-la-satisfaction-mise-joel-severe/ ATHLÉTISME - CHAMPIONNATS D'AFRIQUE SENIORS: La satisfaction est de mise pour Joël Sévère]. ''Le Mauricien''. Retrieved on 2014-09-22.</ref> Permal kuri ubu ni iya gatatu yihuta cyane muri Maurice muri metero 200 hamwe n'ibihe cya masegonda 20,85 nyuma ya 20.06 ya Stephan Buckland na 20.66 ya Eric Milazar. Kugeza ubu niwe mugabo wihuta cyane uhatanira Morise. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054030/http://www.all-athletics.com/node/543899 Jonathan Permal]. All Athletics. Retrieved on 2014-09-22.</ref> == Ibyiza byawe bwite == {| class="wikitable" !Icyabaye ! Igihe ! Itariki ! Ikibanza |- | Metero 100 | 10.46 | 27 Kanama 2014 | Glasgow, muri sikotirande |- | Metero 200 | 20.85 | 27 Kanama 2014 | Marrakech, Maroke |} == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |rowspan=4|2011 |rowspan=2|[[2011 World Youth Championships in Athletics|World Youth Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Lille]], France |6th (heats) |100 m |11.28 |- |3rd (heats) |200 m |22.01 |- |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2011 Commonwealth Youth Games|Commonwealth Youth Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Douglas, Isle of Man]] |4th (heats) |100 m |11.12 |- |5th |200 m |21.96 |- |2012 |[[2012 World Junior Championships in Athletics|World Junior Championships]] |[[Barcelona]], Spain |4th (heats) |200 m |21.58 |- |rowspan=4|2013 |rowspan=3|[[2013 African Junior Athletics Championships|African Junior Championships]] |rowspan=3|[[Bambous, Mauritius]] |bgcolor="cc9966"|3rd |100 m |10.65 |- |bgcolor="silver"|2nd |200 m |21.26 |- |bgcolor="silver"|2nd |4 × 100 m relay |40.86 |- |[[Athletics at the 2013 Jeux de la Francophonie|Jeux de la Francophonie]] |[[Nice]], France |bgcolor="cc9966"|3rd |200 m |21.35 |- |rowspan=4|2014 |rowspan=2|[[Athletics at the 2014 Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]] |rowspan=2|[[Glasgow]], Scotland |3rd (heats) |100 m |10.46 |- |4th (heats) |200 m |21.21 |- |rowspan=2|[[2014 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Marrakech]], Morocco |5th (semis) |100 m |10.49 |- |5th (semis) |200 m |20.85 |- |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Maroke]] fjso2fxjd2dfsmidt8tw41jalngoayo 0 15875 139180 103182 2026-09-23T03:15:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139180 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jamil Kasirye''' (wavutse 1954) ni umunyezamu mu [[Umupira w’amaguru|mupira w'amaguru]] uri mu kiruhuko cyizabukuru wakiniye [[Imisambi ya Uganda|Uganda]] mu gikombe cy’ibihugu by’Afurika muri 1978 . == Umwuga == Yavukiye i Kasubi mu nkengero za Kampala, Kasirye yakinnye umupira w'amaguru muri Lint FC, Kampala City Council FC, SC Villa na Bank of Uganda FC. Yatsindiye ibikombe bibiri bya shampiyona y'icyiciro cya mbere muri Uganda hamwe na Villa, yegukana igikombe cya Uganda inshuro eshatu kabiri na KCC rimwe na Villa, anayobora ikipe ya Villa yageze muri kimwe cya kane kirangiza mu gikombe cya Afurika cyo muri 1983 . <ref name="Observer">{{Cite web |last=Badru Zziwa, Hassan |date=13 November 2011 |title=Flashback: Jamil Kasirye - the spark that ignited SC Villa-KCC FC rivalry |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15875:flashback-jamil-kasirye-the-spark-that-ignited-sc-villa-kcc-fc-rivalry |publisher=The Observer |access-date=29 March 2023 |archive-date=29 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230329060532/https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=15875:flashback-jamil-kasirye-the-spark-that-ignited-sc-villa-kcc-fc-rivalry |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kasirye yagiye agaragara inshuro nyinshi mu rubyiruko rwa Uganda ndetse n'amakipe akomeye y'igihugu. Umukino we wa nyuma yatsinzwe na Zambiya ibitego 0-3 muri Nyakanga muri 1984. <ref name="Observer"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] iek7vh6fs3a8ju3drl6ifzu5wzrax77 0 15878 139477 100680 2026-09-23T09:49:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139477 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Robert_Katende_on_TMTv-SA.jpg|thumb| Katende yabajije umwamikazi wa Katwe bwa mbere bari i Johannesburg, mu 2016]] '''Robert Katende''' ni umutoza wa chess muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Umupira w’amaguru|mu mupira w'amaguru]], na injeniyeri. Ni n'umuyobozi mukuru wa siporo yo hanze. Yateje imbere umukino wa chess mu cyaro hamwe n'abana bo m'umuhanda wa Kampala. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=independent |first=The |date=2019-04-12 |title=Robert Katende on changing lives through chess |url=https://www.independent.co.ug/robert-katende-on-changing-lives-through-chess/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Independent Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service - Outlook, I Introduced Chess to Kampala's Slums |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p04j7wk1 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Azwiho kandi kuba yarayoboye Phiona Mutesi, umukandida wa mbere w’umugore m’umukino wa chess muri Uganda <ref name="Crothers">{{Cite web |last=Crothers |first=Tim |date=2016-08-28 |title=Chess queen of Africa |url=http://www.theguardian.com/global/2016/aug/28/chess-queen-of-africa-phiona-mutesi |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phiona Mutesi {{!}} Chess Celebrities |url=https://www.chess.com/players/phiona-mutesi |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Chess.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ndetse n’igitabo cya 2012 cyanditswe na Tim Crothers na filime Umwamikazi wa Katwe muri 2016, yiyobowe na Nair Mira, ikandikwa na William Wheeler. David Oyelowo yakinnye nka Robert Katende muri iyi filime, inagaragaramo [[Lupita Nyong'o]] na Madina Nalwanga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-05-11 |title=Lupita Nyong'o and David Oyelowo star in the new trailer for Queen of Katwe |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/lupita-nyong-o-and-david-oyelowo-star-in-the-new-trailer-for-queen-of-katwe-a7023546.html |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Czachor |first=Emily Mae |date=2016-09-21 |title=Cast and Crew Celebrate 'Queen of Katwe' as "a Love Letter to Uganda" at Disney Film's Premiere |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/queen-katwe-premiere-disney-film-931638/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bw'ambere n'uburere == Katende yavukiye mu karere ka Kiboga, na nyina w'u mwangavu, yabanaga na nyirakuru mu bwana bwe. Yakuriye i Naakulabye, m'umujyi wa Kampala. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2020-07-06 |title=Katende after the Queen of Katwe |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/katende-after-the-queen-of-katwe-1364986 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-05 |title=I played chess to prove a point |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/i-played-chess-to-prove-a-point--1674734 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Monitor |language=en}}</ref> Yatangiye ubuzima bwe mu ishuri ribanze rya St Elizabeth nyuma ajya mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Lubiri aho yamenyekanye muri chess. Kuva i Lubiri, yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Kyambogo aho yakuye impamyabumenyi mu by'ubwubatsi, ateza imbere imyumvire ya chess. Yatangiye umupira w'amaguru nyuma akinana ubuhanga mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya Miracle, Top TV FC, hamwe na ba ambasaderi ba siporo. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Inspiring Stories {{!}} Meet the Real King of Katwe — Coach Robert Katende {{!}} Welcome to the Ugandan Diaspora |url=https://www.ugandandiaspora.com/inspiring-stories-meet-the-real-king-of-katwe-coach-robert-katende |access-date=2022-03-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301124954/https://www.ugandandiaspora.com/inspiring-stories-meet-the-real-king-of-katwe-coach-robert-katende |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=MAYANJA |first=RONNIE |title=Meet Robert Katende, the real King of Katwe |url=https://observer.ug/lifestyle/50227-meet-robert-katende-the-real-king-of-katwe |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=The Observer - Uganda |language=en-gb}}</ref> Kugeza ubu Katende afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa ndetse n’impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu iterambere ry’umuryango mpuzamahanga yakuye muri kaminuza ya Northwest muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=impactmania |date=2020-04-24 |title=Robert Katende in Uganda on a Post-COVID World |url=http://www.impactmania.com/im/robert-katende-in-uganda-on-a-post-covid-world/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=impactmania |language=en-US}}</ref> Ni umukinnyi wemewe na chess FIDE umwigisha na arbiter. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Katende, Robert |url=https://ratings.fide.com/profile/10002049 |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=ratings.fide.com}}</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2018, Katende yatoranijwe kugirango yinjire muri gahunda yo gutangiza abayobozi muri Obama Foundation. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa Leaders: Meet Robert Katende and the Som Chess Academy |url=https://www.obama.org/video/som-chess-academy/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=Obama Foundation |language=en |archive-date=2022-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301120446/https://www.obama.org/video/som-chess-academy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuryango == Katende yashakanye na Sarah Ntongo. Bafitanye abakobwa batatu. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-05 |title=Checkmate: Long winding road from pawn to king |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/magazine/checkmate-long-winding-road-from-pawn-to-king-1445218 |access-date=2022-03-03 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> == Ibihembo == Muri 2017, mu rwego rwo kubahiriza uruhare Katende yagize mu muryango wa chess, Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rya Chess ( FIDE ) ryamuhaye igihembo cya Tigran Petrosian. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Masala |first=Kenya Chess |date=2017-10-15 |title=Robert Katende of Uganda receives a Special Award - |url=https://kenyachessmasala.com/2017/10/robert-katende-uganda-award.html |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Kenya Chess Masala |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri 2018, Katende yari umwe mu bayobozi 200 b'Abanyafurika bemewe na Fondasiyo ya Obama. Ibikorwa bye byagaragaye no mu nama ya Fondasiyo ya Obama muri 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Obama Foundation Leaders: Africa Program |url=https://www.obama.org/africa-2018/ |access-date=2022-09-13 |website=Obama Foundation |language=en}}</ref> == Umwanditsi == Muri 2019, Katende yasohoye igitabo yise Knight idafite Ikigo gisobanura ingorane zo mu bwana bwe nu buryo yahisemo gukoresha chess nk'igikoresho cyo guhindura ubuzima. == Reba == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] gqyhgxc3x7rubipfnedvrpfm370553t 0 15896 139307 94034 2026-09-23T07:44:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139307 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Joel Derick Kitamirike''' (wavutse 5 Mata 1984) yahoze ari umukinnyi ukina umupira w'amaguru wa bigize umwuga w'akinnye nka myugariro. Yakiniye ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya mbere ya Brentford muri shampiyona ya 2003–04 ndetse no muri Dundee yo muri shampiyona ya Sikotishi muri 2005. Ikipe ye aheruka ni Chelmsford City. Yavukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], yimukira mu Bwongereza akiri umwana kandi afite ubwenegihugu bw'Ubwongereza. Ugushyingo 2008 yakatiwe igifungo cy’amezi 20 azira gutanga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rwego rwa A. == Umwuga wa ikipe == Kitamirike yavukiye i Kampala, [[Ubugande|muri Uganda]], mu 1984 aza mu Bwongereza afite imyaka itandatu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joel Kitamirike biography: the early years |url=http://www.icons.com/kitamirike/biog.html?0 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312182015/http://www.icons.com/kitamirike/biog.html |archive-date=12 March 2008 |access-date=3 July 2008 |publisher=Icons.com}}</ref> Yatangiye umwuga we nk'umukinnyi mu bana ba Chelsea, aho yagaragaye inshuro imwe munsi yabafite imyaka 17, ahagarara mu gikombe cya UEFA na Hapoel Tel Aviv, ubwo abakinnyi benshi batagiye muri [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]] kubera guhungabanya n'umutekano. Yinjiye muri Brentford ku ntizanyo muri Nzeri 2003, yongera ngutizwa mu Gushyingo 2003 mu gihe gisigaye cya shampiyona yo muri 2003–04, aho yakinnye imikino 25 ya shampiyona ndetse n’igikombe muri Brentford. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Games played by Joel Kitamirike in 2003/2004 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=28702&seasonid=133 |access-date=3 July 2008 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Racing Post}}</ref> Yarekuwe na Chelsea mu mpera za shampiyona ya 2003–04, nyuma yi geragezwa n’ikipe yo mubuholandi Willem II Tilburg na Walsall, yinjira mu mujyi wa Mansfield mu Kuboza 2004 nta masezerano yagiranye. <ref name="sbase">{{Cite web |title=Games played by Joel Kitamirike in 2003/2004 |url=http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=28702 |access-date=3 July 2008 |website=Soccerbase |publisher=Racing Post |archive-date=30 September 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930232150/http://www.soccerbase.com/players_details.sd?playerid=28702 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakiniye Mansfield inshuro ebyiri mbere yo kwinjira muri Dundee muri Mutarama 2005 ku masezerano y'imyaka ibiri. Yatangiye gukina mukibuga muri Dundee inshuro zirindwi, muri shampiyona yo muri 2004–05 ubwo iyi kipe yasezererwaga muri shampiyona y’icyiciro cya mbere cya Sikotishi ndetse ikongera kugaragara inshuro ebyiri mbere yo kuva muri iyi kipe mu Gushyingo 2005 nyuma yo kwemeranya gusesa amasezerano. Nyuma y'amezi abiri, yinjiye mu ikipe nkuru yo muri majori, mu ikipe ya Columbus Crew. Yagaragaye rimwe muri Crew mbere yo kugwa mu mupira w'amaguru utari shampiyona yu Bwongereza no gukinira Fisher Athletic na Weymouth. Yarekuwe na Weymouth muri Gashyantare 2008 yinjira mu ikipe ya Chelmsford City, akaba yarigaragaje rimwe mbere yo kuva muri iyi kipe mu mpera za shampiyona yo muri 2007–08. Ugushyingo 2008 yakatiwe igifungo cy’amezi 20 azira gutanga ibiyobyabwenge byo mu rwego rwa A. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110818230218/http://jesternix.net/pipermail/chelsea_jesternix.net/2008-November/035759.html &#x5B;Chelsea&#x5D; Ex-Chelsea player jailed for drugs bust]</ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Kitamirike yari ahagarariye Ubwongereza ku rwego rw’abatarengeje imyaka 15 muri 2004, [[Imisambi ya Uganda|ikipe y’umupira w'amaguru y’igihugu cya Uganda]] yamushyize mu ikipe yabo mu majonjora y’igikombe cy’isi ndetse n’igikombe cy’ibihugu muri 2006 yakinnye na DR Congo muri Kamena 2004, akoresha amategeko mashya ya FIFA bituma yemererwa gukinira igihugu cye cy'amavuko kurwego mpuzamahanga rwose. Nubwo Kitamirike yari ashishikajwe no gukina, amategeko y’abinjira muri Uganda ntiyemeraga ubwenegihugu bubiri. <ref name="Uganda to miss Kitamirike" /> Kitamirike ntiyashakaga kureka ubwenegihugu bw'Ubwongereza kugira ngo abone pasiporo ya Uganda bityo abura umukino. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] 7kahicqwldtug9xfdkka5leostrk6he 0 15917 139282 131483 2026-09-23T07:37:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sula Matovu.jpg|thumb|Sula Matovu]] '''Sula Matovu''' (wavutse ku ya 17 Nyakanga 1992) ni umukinnyi ukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], ukina nka rutahizamu akaba n'umukinnyi wo hagati muri Al-Orouba SC muri shampiyona ya Oman Professional League ndetse n'ikipe [[Imisambi ya Uganda|y'igihugu ya Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2014 |title=Cranes Squad for Zambia friendly named |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/cranes-squad-for-zambia-friendly-named/ |access-date=24 February 2014 |publisher=fufa.co.ug}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sula- St. George F.C.jpg|thumb|Sula Matovu]] == Umwuga wa ikipe == === Umwuga wo hambere === Matovu yatangiye umwuga wo gukina akiri mu ishuri mbere yo kwinjira mu ishuri ry'umupira w'amaguru rya Proline FC mu 2007. Igihe yari muri iryo shuri yerekanye ubushobozi budasanzwe n’imikorere ikomeye maze yinjira muri Nalubaale Buikwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nalubaale v Police: Battle of left-footers |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/30/715380 |access-date=6 April 2010 |publisher=newvision.co.ug}}</ref> muri shampiyona ya Uganda Super League. Nyuma y'igihembwe kimwe yinjiye muri Proline FC aho yatsindaga buri gihe muri Uganda, kubera ubuhanga bwe bukomeye, nu muvuduko mwinshi ubwo yakuyemo abo bahanganye, gutsinda neza no kwambuka umupira, kugenzura neza umupira, kugenzura no gutambuka ndetse no kwerekana neza m'umikino y'umupira w'amaguru yashimishije umutoza w'ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru wa Uganda, Bobby Williamson wamuhamagaye mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya Uganda. Yagaragaye kandi mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru ya batarengeje imyaka 20 ya Uganda <ref>{{Cite web |title=U-21 team strong, says Coach Anyau |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/750052/ |access-date=24 March 2011 |publisher=newvision.co.ug}}</ref> ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu ya 23 ya Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 February 2014 |title=Cranes Squad for Zambia friendly named |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/cranes-squad-for-zambia-friendly-named/ |access-date=24 February 2014 |publisher=fufa.co.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=FROM THE DUGOUT: Why Cranes need professionals in Tanzania fro |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/SportsColumnists/AllanSsekamatte/-/805420/1061036/-/w6hise/-/index.html |access-date=27 November 2010 |publisher=monitor.co.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cranes will qualify-Bobby Williamson |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/PA/8/30/720471 |access-date=23 May 2010 |publisher=newvision.co.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sula Matovu |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/people/uganda/85133/sula-matovu/national |access-date=24 February 2013 |publisher=goal.com}}</ref> === Mutagatifu George FC (Inguzanyo) === Muri Mutarama 2011, Matovu yimukiye mu ikipe ya Saint George FC yo muri [[Etiyopiya]] yatojwe na Giuseppe Dossena ku masezerano y'inguzanyo y'amezi 6. <ref>{{Cite web |date=31 December 2010 |title=Ethiopia Premier League: Sula Matovu of Uganda joins Saint George F.C on Loan |url=http://www.ethiosports.com/2011/01/31/ethiopia-premier-league-sula-matovu-of-uganda-joins-st-george-on-loan |publisher=Ethiosports}}</ref> === Erbil SC === Muri Kanama 2012, Matovu yarangije kwimuka umwaka umwe muri Erbil SC. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Erbil vs. Kelantan 5 – 1 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/09/18/asia/afc-cup/arbil/kelantan-fc/1292726/ |access-date=18 September 2012 |publisher=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Nzeri 2012, mu mukino wa kabiri wa kimwe cya kane kirangiza muri [[Aziya]], Matovu yatsinze Erbil SC igitego cya mbere mu minota 37 ku munota wa 1 na Kelantan bituma Erbil SC ikomeza muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kelantan vs. Erbil 1 – 1 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/09/25/asia/afc-cup/kelantan-fc/arbil/1292730/ |access-date=25 September 2011 |publisher=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> Ku ya 3 Ugushyingo 2012, yaje asimbuye ku munota wa 46 ku mukino wa nyuma w'igikombe cya Aziya yakinnye na Al Kuwait maze Erbil SC ikomeza gutsindwa ibitego 4–0. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Erbil vs. Al Kuwait 0 – 4 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/03/asia/afc-cup/arbil/al-kuwait-sc/1292732/ |access-date=3 November 2012 |publisher=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> Ku ya 24 Ugushyingo 2012, Matovu yatsinze igitego cya mbere cya shampiyona yo muri [[Irake|Iraki]] hamwe na Kurdish ku minota wa 7 yatsinze Al Sulimaniya ibitego 3-2. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Al Sulimaniya vs. Erbil 2 – 3 |url=https://int.soccerway.com/matches/2012/11/24/iraq/iraqi-league/al-sulimaniya/arbil/1414098/ |access-date=4 November 2012 |publisher=int.soccerway.com}}</ref> === BK Häcken === Nyuma y'igihembwe gishimishije hamwe na Erbil SC yo muri Iraki, ikipe ya BK Häcken [[Suwede|yo muri Suwede]] Allsvenskan yamutumiye mu igeragezwa by'ibyumweru 3 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Häcken förstärker |url=http://www.gp.se/sport/fotboll/1.2156808-hacken-forstarker |access-date=28 October 2013 |publisher=gp.se/sport/fotboll}}</ref> aho yashimishije iyi kipe ya tekinike maze aba umukinnyi wihuta cyane m'umateka y'ikipe maze arasinya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Matovu links up with Mutumba in Sweden |url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Soccer/Matovu-links-up-with-Mutumba-in-Sweden-/-/690266/2080320/-/84jo3dz/-/index.html |access-date=20 November 2013 |publisher=monitor.co.ug |archive-date=24 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131124020300/http://www.monitor.co.ug/Sports/Soccer/Matovu-links-up-with-Mutumba-in-Sweden-/-/690266/2080320/-/84jo3dz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sula Matovu Completes Sweden Switch |url=http://www.redpepper.co.ug/sula-matovu-completes-sweden-switch/ |access-date=19 November 2013 |publisher=redpepper.co.ug |archive-date=26 November 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131126145928/http://www.redpepper.co.ug/sula-matovu-completes-sweden-switch/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sula Matovu klar för BK Häcken |url=http://www.fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/35831 |access-date=16 November 2013 |publisher=fotbolltransfers.com |archive-date=24 June 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624162901/http://www.fotbolltransfers.com/site/news/35831 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatsinze igitego cya mbere kuri BK Häcken itsinze FC Dallas <ref>{{Cite web |title=Seger i returen |url=http://www.bkhacken.se/matcher/match/?idp=537 |access-date=10 February 2014 |publisher=bkhacken.se}}</ref> mu mukino wa mbere wa shampiyona kuva yatangira kuba umukinnyi ucyenewe mu ikipe ya Gothenburg BK Häcken. === Abayobozi ba Kaizer === Nyuma yo kumara 2014 mu ikipe ya BK Häcken yo muri Suwede ya Allsvenskan, yahujwe no kwerekeza mu ikipe ya Kaizer Chiefs muri shampiyona [[Afurika y’Epfo|yo muri Afurika yepfo]] ku ya 20 Kamena 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2015 |title=Ugandan Winger Linked With Chiefs |url=http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/south-africa/ugandan-winger-sula-matovu-linked-with-kaizer-chiefs/212102 |access-date=20 June 2015 |publisher=soccerladuma.co.za |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924115814/http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/south-africa/ugandan-winger-sula-matovu-linked-with-kaizer-chiefs/212102 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatangiye imyitozo hamwe na Kaizer Chiefs ku ya 24 Kamena 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 June 2015 |title=Matovu Training With Chiefs |url=http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/south-africa/ugandan-sula-matovu-training-with-kaizer-chiefs/212329 |access-date=24 June 2015 |publisher=soccerladuma.co.za |archive-date=10 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710155304/http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/south-africa/ugandan-sula-matovu-training-with-kaizer-chiefs/212329 |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyuma asinyana amasezerano y’amezi atandatu ku ya 8 Nyakanga 2015. Sula yatsinze igitego cya kane yatsinze 4–0 yatsinze Volcan de Moroni wa [[komore]] muri 2016 marushanwa ya CAF. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2015 |title=PSL transfer news: Chiefs confirm Matovu signing |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/56991/psl-transfer-news-chiefs-confirm-matovu-signing |access-date=8 July 2015 |publisher=kickoff.com |archive-date=10 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710062015/http://www.kickoff.com/news/56991/psl-transfer-news-chiefs-confirm-matovu-signing |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sula Matovu: Ugandan midfielder joins SA's Kaizer Chiefs |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/news/670750-sula-matovu-ugandan-midfielder-joins-sa-s-kaizer-chiefs.html |access-date=9 July 2015 |publisher=newvision.co.ug}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiefs sign Ugandan Winger |url=http://www.kaizerchiefs.com/kc_articles.asp?id=3087524 |access-date=8 July 2015 |publisher=kaizerchiefs.com |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094551/http://www.kaizerchiefs.com/kc_articles.asp?id=3087524 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2015 |title=Chiefs Confirm Matovu Signing |url=http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/south-africa/kaizer-chiefs-have-confirmed-the-signing-of-sula-matovu/213166 |access-date=8 July 2015 |publisher=soccerladuma |archive-date=10 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710143658/http://www.soccerladuma.co.za/news/articles/categories/south-africa/kaizer-chiefs-have-confirmed-the-signing-of-sula-matovu/213166 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chiefs capture Ugandan winger |url=http://www.supersport.com/football/absa-premiership/news/150709/Chiefs_capture_Ugandan_winger |access-date=9 July 2015 |publisher=supersport.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 February 2016 |title=Volcan de Moroni vs Kaizer Chiefs CAF Champions League highlights |url=http://www.kickoff.com/news/62805/-volcan-de-moroni-vs-kaizer-chiefs-caf-champions-league-highlights |access-date=15 February 2016 |publisher=kickoff.com |archive-date=17 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160217055645/http://www.kickoff.com/news/62805/-volcan-de-moroni-vs-kaizer-chiefs-caf-champions-league-highlights |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Icyubahiro == === ikipe === == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] n6d3496a7k6nhietnkjp15s2m9mx531 0 16041 139050 94260 2026-09-23T01:36:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139050 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikiyaga cya Nasser''' ni ikigega cy'amazi kinini kiri mu majyepfo ya Misiri no mu majyaruguru [[Sudani|ya Sudani]] . Ni kimwe mu biyaga binini byakozwe n'abantu ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aswan High Dam, River Nile, Sudan, Egypt |url=http://www.water-technology.net/projects/aswan-high-dam-nile-sudan-egypt/ |access-date=15 October 2016 |website=Water Technology}}</ref> Mbere yo kubaka, Sudani yarwanyaga inyubako y’ikiyaga cya Nasser, kubera ko yari kwigarurira ubutaka mu majyaruguru y’igihugu, aho abaturage benshi ba Nubiya babaga bagombaga kwimurwa. ku mpera z' ubutaka bwa Sudani hafi y'ikiyaga cya Nasser ahanini huzuyemo amazi y;ikiyaga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Governorates of Egypt |url=http://www.statoids.com/ueg.html |access-date=16 October 2016 |website=Statoids Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Lake Nasser (2427655901).jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Nasser]] Mu magambo make, "Ikiyaga cya Nasser" kihariye igice kinini cy'ubutaka bwa Egiputa (83% bwabwo). == Ibisobanuro == Ikiyaga ni kirometero 479  mu burebure na kirometero16 mu bunini, iri hafi ya Tropic ya Kanseri . Ifite ubuso rusange bwa kirometerokare 5,250  kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo kubika amazi angana hafi kirometerokibe 132. Ikiyaga cyakozwe bitewe n’iyubakwa ry’urugomero runini rwa Aswan hakurya y’amazi ya [[Nili]] hagati y'umwaka wa 1958 na 1970. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2012 |title=Life-Giving Nile River (Aswan Dam, Egypt) |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/12/121218/pictures-life-giving-nile-river-photos/ |access-date=15 October 2016 |website=National Geographic |archive-date=23 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121223121943/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/12/121218/pictures-life-giving-nile-river-photos/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> Iki kiyaga cyitiriwe Gamal Abdel Nasser, umwe mu bayobozi ba Revolution yo mu Misiri yo mu 1952, na Perezida wa kabiri wa Misiri, watangije umushinga w’urugomero runini. Perezida Anwar Sadat ni we watangije uwo mushinga kumugaragaro w'ikiyaga n'urugomero mu mwaka wa1971. == Ibibazo biriho == Igihugu cya Egiputa kibura amazi akenewe mu buhinzi n'amashanyarazi. Urugomero runini rwa Etiyopiya Renaissance, ubu rwubatswe muri [[Etiyopiya]], rwateje amakimbirane hagati ya Misiri na Sudani na Etiyopiya. Misiri ifite impungenge ko urugomero rushya ruzahagarika uruzi rwa Nili kuzuza ikiyaga cya Nasser mu buryo buhagije. Amazi yo mu kiyaga cya Nasser atanga amashanyarazi, kandi hari impungenge ko kugabanya amazi atemba mu kiyaga cya Nasser bizagira ingaruka mbi ku bushobozi bw’urugomero rwa Aswan mu itangwary' amashanyarazi. Hano hari pompe zigenzura amazi yinjira mu kiyaga cya Nasser, kuri ubu uyu mushinga utanga miliyari 10 za kilowati y’amashanyarazi buri mwaka ku Banyamisiri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 December 2012 |title=Life-Giving Nile |url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2012/12/121218/pictures-life-giving-nile-river-photos/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220605130929/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/pictures-life-giving-nile-river-photos |archive-date=5 June 2022 |access-date=15 October 2016 |website=National Geographic}}</ref> == Siporo n'ubukerarugendo == Kuroba kuri Nil perch, uhereye ku nkombe ndetse no mu bwato, birakunzwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nile Perch Fishing on Lake Nasser |url=https://www.tripadvisor.com/ShowTopic-g294204-i9480-k2121295-Nile_Perch_Fishing_on_Lake_Nasser-Aswan_Aswan_Governorate_Nile_River_Valley.html |access-date=15 October 2016 |website=Trip Advisor}}</ref> Mbere yuko ikiyaga cya Nasser cyuzura, mu rwego rwa gahunda mpuzamahanga yo kubungabunga inzibutso za Nubiya. Ubwato bw'ikiyaga cya Nasser, burimo gusura inzibutso n'insengero ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Nasser, birakunzwe cyane. Gusura insengero za Abu Simbel ni ikintu cyaranze izo ngendo. == Ibindi wasoma == * Helen Chapin Metz, yasohotse, ''[http://countrystudies.us/egypt/49.htm Misiri: Kwiga Igihugu]'' . Washington: GPO y'Isomero rya Kongere, 1990. * Aniba (Nubia), akarere karengerwa n'ikiyaga cya Nasser {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga bya Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga bya Misiri]] 4kf9zeqk1k19pib4v2xt8537rmxmtwe 0 16042 139283 120633 2026-09-23T07:37:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Fishermen in Egypt.jpg|thumb|Ikiyaga cya Manzala]] '''Ikiyaga cya Manzala''' ni ikiyaga rimwe na rimwe cyitwa lagoon,kiri mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Egiputa kuri Delta ya [[Nili]] hafi ya Port Said no ku bilometero bike uvuye mu matongo ya kera ahitwa Tanis. <ref name="DINAR">Dinar, p.51</ref> <ref name="drower">{{Cite book|pages=72}}</ref> Nicyo kinini mu biyaga byo mu majyaruguru ya Delta. <ref name="ZAHRAN" /> Mu mwaka wa 2008 cyari gifite kilometero 47&nbsp; z'uburebure na kiromrtero 30 z' ubugari. <ref name="ZAHRAN">Zahran, p.283</ref> I == Imiterere y'ikiyaga cya Manzala == Ikiyaga cya Manzala ni kirekire ariko ni gito. Nubwo ubujyakuzimu bw'ikiyaga cya Manzala bugira uburebure bwa metero enye kugeza kuri eshanu gusa, ubujyakuzimu bwahindutse mu gihe cyo kubaka umuyoboro wa Suez kugira ngo uwo muyoboro wiyongereho uburebure bwa kilometero 29 ku kiyaga. ubutaka cyacyo ni ibumba ryoroshye. <ref name="rogers">{{Cite book|pages=124}}</ref> Mbere yo kubaka umuyoboro wa Suez, ikiyaga cya Manzala cyari gitandukanijwe n’inyanja ya Mediterane n'umurongo w'umucanga kuri metero 200 kugeza 300. Port Said yashinzwe yegeranye n'ikiyaga cya Manzala mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda kugira ngo ishyigikire kubaka imiyoboro n'ingendo bijyanye. Ikiyaga giherereye mu majyepfo y’ikibuga cy’indege cya Port Said kigabanya ubushobozi bw’umujyi bwo kwaguka. <ref name="melady">{{Cite book|pages=207}}</ref> == Umuyoboro wa Suez == Ikiyaga cya Manzala kiri mu majyaruguru y’ibiyaga bitatu bisanzwe byahujwe n’umuyoboro wa Suez, ibindi bibiri ni ikiyaga cya Timsah n’ikiyaga kinini cya Bitter. Kubaka umuyoboro byaturutse mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo, bigera i Manzala mbere. Bitewe n'uburebure bw'ikiyaga, byabaye ngombwa gucukura undi umuyoboro w kugira ngo amato anyuremo. == Ibikorerwa mu kiyaga cya Manzala == Ikiyaga cya Manzala cyabaye isoko y’amafi ahendutse yo kugaburira abantu mu [[Misiri]], ariko kwanduzwa kw'amazi yo mu biyaga byagabanije umusaruro wicyo kiyaga. Mu 1985, [[uburobyi]] bwo mu biyaga bwari ahantu hangana na hegitarih 89.000 kandi bukoresha abakozi bagera ku 17.000. <ref name="DINAR">Dinar, p.51</ref> Guverinoma ya Misiri yumukije igice kinini cy'ikiyaga mu rwego rwo guhindura ubutunzi bwa Nili mu guhinga imirima. Umushinga ntiwungutse: ibihingwa ntibyakuze neza mu butaka bw'umunyu kandi agaciro k’umusaruro wavuyemo kari munsi y’agaciro k’isoko ry’amafi ubutaka bwagaruwe mbere bwatanze. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2001, ikiyaga cya Manzala cyari cyatakaje hafi 80 ku ijana by'ahahozeho kubera ingaruka zo gukamya amazi. <ref>Ibrahim, p.145</ref> == Amashakiro == * [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga bya Misiri]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiyaga bya Afurika]] <references responsive="" /> 2iiaw8ucmas3p1un48365y2wbqbd6c4 0 16091 139038 94362 2026-09-23T00:06:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139038 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Arnold Isako''', uzwi kandi ku izina rya '''Arnold Issoko''', (yavutse Ku ya 6 Mata 1992) , ni umukinnyi ukina [[umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|kongo]] . Akina iburyo hagana inyuma, ariko kandi nku mukinnyi w'iburyo . == Ubuzima == Amaze gukora byinshi mu mwuga we muri [[Porutugali]] ( amaze kugaragara inshuro zirenga 80 muri shampiyona ya [[Porutugali]] mu bihe bitatu yakinnye na Vitória Setúbal FC ) hanyuma mu [[Buhinde]] na Mumbai City FC, yasinye muri 2019 na SM Caen, ikipe ya Ligue 2 yo mu [[Bufaransa]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-06-25 |title=Arnold Isako nouvel atout du Stade Malherbe |url=https://www.smcaen.fr/2019-2020/actualites/groupe-pro/arnold-isako-nouvel-atout-du-stade-malherbe |access-date=2020-08-04 |website=Stade Malherbe Caen |language=fr}}</ref> . Yatangiye gukinira ikipe y'igihugu ya DR Congo mu mukino wa gicuti na [[Romaniya]] muri Gicurasi 2016 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Zaharia |first=Paul-Daniel |date=25 May 2016 |title=Romania reined in by DR Congo |url=http://www.uefa.com/friendlies/season=2016/matches/round=2000582/match=2019899/postmatch/report/ |publisher=UEFA |access-date=7 April 2023 |archive-date=17 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817211834/http://www.uefa.com/friendlies/season=2016/matches/round=2000582/match=2019899/postmatch/report/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> . == Inyandiko == {{tradRef|url=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arnold_Issoko&oldid=959439715}} <references responsive="1" group=""></references> == amahuza yo hanze == * Ressources relatives au sport : ** FBref ** Leballonrond ** (es) As ** (en) ForaDeJogo ** (en) National Football Teams ** (mul + id) Soccerway ** (mul) Transfermarkt   [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] 2pbdkbxarmxj17xdzsmrnvhhfsk522p 0 16224 139091 135017 2026-09-23T02:31:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139091 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Achimota forests11.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rya Achimota|290x290px]] Ishyamba rya Achimota ni ishyamba rinini riherereye muri Achimota mu karere ka Okaikwei mu majyaruguru ya Accra; riherereye nko muri kilometero 7,6 uvuye Accra mu gihugu cya [[Gana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://3news.com/mce-vows-to-protect-achimota-forest/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=2022-05-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220531084457/https://3news.com/mce-vows-to-protect-achimota-forest/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://citinewsroom.com/2022/05/portions-of-achimota-forest-declassified-to-be-developed-for-other-uses/achimota-forest/</ref> NI ishyamba ririnzwe kandi ribungabunzwe kugirango hadakorerwamo ibyangiza ibinyabuzima biririmo nko guhiga, kubakamo amazu.<ref>https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-61496188</ref> iryo shyamba kandi ryifashishwa mu kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere aho muri Accra.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://skyypowerfm.com/achimota-forest-not-sold-jinapor/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-09 |archive-date=2023-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409212917/https://skyypowerfm.com/achimota-forest-not-sold-jinapor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Achimota forests AA.jpg|thumb|292x292px]] Ishyamba ryashyizwe mu igazeti mu 1930 kandi rifite ubuso bungana na hegitari 494.95 . Kugeza ubu, ingano y’amashyamba agera kuri hegitari 360. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-17 |title=Nana Benyin: On the Achimota Forest Reserve lands and related matters - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/nana-benyin-on-the-achimota-forest-reserve-lands-and-related-matters/ |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ishyamba rya Achmota ryashyizweho kugirango habeho umupaka hagati [[Accra|y'umujyi wa Accra]] n'ishuri rya Achimota. Inyinshi mu nyamaswa zo muri Zoo ya Accra zimuriwe mu gasozi igihe hubakwaga ingoro ya Perezida. Kugeza ubu, icungwa nka arboretum hamwe n’ikigo cyita ku nyamaswa. [[Inyamaswa]] nka python, [[ingamiya]], imbuni, impyisi, inkende nizindi zishobora kuboneka mu mashyamba. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Awuni |first=Manasseh Azure |title=Inside The Achimota Forest Reserve |url=https://www.modernghana.com/news/503788/inside-the-achimota-forest-reserve.html |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> == Ibiriho == [[Dosiye:Achimota forest 111.jpg|thumb|232x232px]] Komisiyo ishinzwe amashyamba ya Gana yateganyaga guhindura amashyamba ikaba ikigo cy’ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije cyiswe "Parike ya Accra Eco". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kwofie |first=Raymond |date=15 November 2013 |title=Ghana: Government Is Developing the Achimota Forest Into a Major Ecotourism Destination |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201311150840.html |url-status=live |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=AllAfrica}}</ref> Biteganijwe ko hazaba hari amazi, amazi y'umunyu, ahantu nyaburanga, ubusitani, ubuvuzi bw'amatungo, kumenyekanisha ibinyabuzima, ahantu hakambikwa, umuhanda hakanzitirwa. <ref name=":2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=An open letter to Prez Mahama: Stop the destruction of Achimota Forest |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/features/opinion/an-open-letter-to-prez-mahama-stop-the-destruction-of-achimota-forest.html |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Inyungu == * [[Dosiye:Achimota forests11.jpg|thumb|235x235px]]ibungabungwa ry' amoko y'inyamanswa yemerera inyamanswa n'inyoni kuba zishaka kuba. * Amafaranga ava mu bukerarugendo * Guteza imbere ingufu zisukuye binyuze mu buzima bw'abantu n'ubuziranenge bw'ibidukikije. * Guteza imbere amoko ngo adashira ku isi. * Guteza imbere ubwiza bw'ikirere n’amazi n' ubushyuhe bw'ikirere. * Ikigega cy’ibiti bivura no kubungabunga ibimera n’ibyatsi bifite akamaro k’ubuvuzi. * Kugabanya urwego rw'imirasire y'izuba rukabije. == Impaka == Muri Gicurasi 2022, byavuzwe ko ibice by'ishyamba byashyizwe ahagaragara nk'ishyamba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oforiwaa |first=Porcia |date=2022-05-17 |title=Achimota Forest loses status as forest reserve |url=https://atinkaonline.com/achimota-forest-loses-status-as-forest-reserve/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Atinka Online |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135353/https://atinkaonline.com/achimota-forest-loses-status-as-forest-reserve/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Samuel Abu Jinapor yahakanye ko Guverinoma yashyize mu kinyamakuru inyandiko nyobozi (EI) kugira ngo yemeze kongera kugenwa, kugurisha cyangwa guteza imbere ishyamba. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Achimota Forest not sold — Jinapor |url=https://skyypowerfm.com/achimota-forest-not-sold-jinapor/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Skyy Power FM |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220518070658/https://skyypowerfm.com/achimota-forest-not-sold-jinapor/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Why Achimota Forest Reserve Is Trending On Twitter |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/202205/466952.php |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Peacefmonline.com - Ghana news |archive-date=2022-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520000536/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/local/social/202205/466952.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Achimota Forest not sold -Jinapor – The Chronicle News Online |url=https://thechronicle.com.gh/achimota-forest-not-sold-jinapor/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-18 |title=Why govt decided to declassify parts of the Achimota forest |url=https://www.primenewsghana.com/general-news/why-govt-decided-to-declassify-parts-of-the-achimota-forest.html |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Prime News Ghana |language=en-us}}</ref> Umuryango witwa umuryango wa Owoo wavuze ko ari ba nyir'ubutaka bwa mbere bufite amashyamba. Hagati ya 1921 na 1927, isambu yahawe na guverinoma y'abakoloni ku ishuri rya Achimota. Mu itangazo, uyu muryango wavuze ko batabonye indishyi z’ibyo baguze mu 1927. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-20 |title=The Owoo family: Know the original owners of the Achimota Forest land |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-Owoo-family-Know-the-original-owners-of-the-Achimota-Forest-land-1542647 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220522135359/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/The-Owoo-family-Know-the-original-owners-of-the-Achimota-Forest-land-1542647 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uyu muryango kandi wavuze ko bababaye, 'akarengane gakabije k’amateka' kubera ko batigeze bigarurira igihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-19 |title=Achimota Forest saga: We have suffered 'grave historical injustice' - Owoo family - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/achimota-forest-saga-we-have-suffered-grave-historical-injustice-owoo-family/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nyavor |first=George |date=2022-05-19 |title="We are yet to take possession of any Achimota land" - Owoo Family react |url=https://yen.com.gh/ghana/207400-achimota-forest-owoo-family-react-deny-land-was-released-to-them-in-2016/ |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Kojo |date=2022-05-20 |title=Achimota Forest: Let's ban the return of state lands to original owners — Ablakwa |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/achimota-forest-lets-ban-the-return-of-state-lands-to-original-owners-ablakwa/sgnfb20 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=Pulse Ghana |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520095947/https://www.pulse.com.gh/news/local/achimota-forest-lets-ban-the-return-of-state-lands-to-original-owners-ablakwa/sgnfb20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba yo muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Amashyamba yo muri Gana]] 6wklx5cokxjptsvi3kiy31ctb3ngouu 0 16265 139284 127771 2026-09-23T07:38:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amantle Montsho''' (yavutse ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1983) ni umukinyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru ukomoka muri [[Botswana]] kabuhariwe muri metero 400 . Yahagarariye igihugu cye mu mikino Olempike yo muri 2004 na 2008, agera ku mukino wa nyuma ku nshuro ye ya nyuma. Niwe mugore wa mbere wahagarariye Botswana mu mikino Olempike. <ref>{{Cite web |title=First female competitors at the Olympics by country |url=https://www.olympedia.org/lists/99/manual |access-date=14 June 2020 |website=Olympedia}}</ref> Yagiye kandi mu marushanwa y'isi yaberaga mu mikino ngororamubiri ndetse na Shampiyona y'isi ya IAAF, kandi yahoze arishampiyo w'isi hejuru ya metero 400, yatsinze mu bihe byiza bya 49.56 i Daegu. Montsho yahagaritswe imyaka ibiri azira kutubahiriza amategeko yo kurwanya ibyongera imbaraga, nyuma yo gupimisha mu mikino ya bavuga ivyongereza muri 2014 . <ref name="itg">Duncan Mackay: [https://web.archive.org/web/20150402165425/http://www.insidethegames.biz/sports/summer/athletics/1026214-montsho-banned-for-two-years-after-positive-drugs-test-at-glasgow-2014 Montsho banned for two years after positive drugs test at Glasgow 2014 ], insidethegames.biz, 18 March 2015</ref> <ref name="sanction">Xinhua: [http://www.china.org.cn/world/Off_the_Wire/2015-03/18/content_35086254.htm Botswana's Montsho handed a two year-ban from athletics for doping], china.org.cn, 18 March 2015</ref> Mu Amarushanwa ya Afurika, inshuro ebyiri yegukanye umudari wa zahabu hejuru muri metero 400, yatsindiye kandi ibikombe muri ibyo birori mu mikino yaberaga muri Afurika muri 2007, Igikombe cy’umugabane wa IAAF muri 2010 ndetse n’imikino yabavua icyongereza muri 2010 . Intsinzi ya yabavua icyongereza yatumye [[Botswana]] ye gukana umudari wa zahabu wa mbere muri iyo mikino. Ibihe bye byiza ni amasegonda 11,60 muri metero 100, amasegonda 22.89 muri metero 200, n'amasegonda 49.33 muri metero 400 . Yitoje mu kigo cyigisha imyitozo i Dakar, [[Senegali|muri Senegali]], kandi afite agahigo k’igihugu muri metero 400 haba mu nzu no hanze. == Umwuga == Montsho yavukiye i Maun, muri Ngamilande. Yitabiriye imikino Olempikeyo muri 2004, Imikino ya <a href="./Imikino_ya_Commonwealth_2010" rel="mw:WikiLink" data-linkid="199" data-cx="{&amp;quot;adapted&amp;quot;:false,&amp;quot;sourceTitle&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;title&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;2010 Commonwealth Games&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;description&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Multi-sport event in Delhi, India&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;pageprops&amp;quot;:{&amp;quot;wikibase_item&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;Q695233&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;pagelanguage&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;en&amp;quot;},&amp;quot;targetFrom&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;mt&amp;quot;}" class="cx-link" id="mwIg" title="Imikino ya Commonwealth 2010">yabavua icyongereza</a> muri 2006 na Shampiyona y'isi muri 2005 na 2007 gusa atageze ku mukino wa nyuma.  Yatsindiye umudari wa feza muri Shampiyona nyafurika muri 2006 ndetse n'umudari wa zahabu mu mikino yo muri Afurika muri 2007 . Mu mikino ya Afurika yose, yarangije kandi umwanya wa gatanu muri metero 200 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2007 All-Africa Games, women's 200 m final |url=http://www.coja2007.dz/portail/programme/Results.html?discipId=ath&compId=COMP88 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010170448/http://www.coja2007.dz/portail/programme/Results.html?discipId=ath&compId=COMP88 |archive-date=2007-10-10 |access-date=2007-08-26}}</ref> Mu gikombe cyisi cyo muri 2006 ya IAAF yarangije ku mwanya wa gatandatu hamwe n'ikipe ny'afurika ya metero 4x400 . Yayoboye ibyiza ku giti cye na Botswana ya amasegonda 49.83 yo gutsinda muri Shampiyona nyafurika yo muri 2008 muri isiganwa. Iracyari amateka ya Shampiyona k'ubirori. [[Dosiye:Montsho_Felix_Daegu_2011.jpg|left|thumb| Amantle Montsho yatsinze by'imazeyo Alyson Felix aba shmpiyona wa mbere wa [[Botswana]] ku isi cyangwa shampiyo w’imikino ngororamubiri muri 2011.]] [[Dosiye:400_m_Women_Meeting_Areva_2009.jpg|thumb]] Amantle Montsho yize mu ishuri ribanza rya Bonatla <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amantle Montsho Biography: Age, Family, Education, Career, Controversy, Networth |url=https://tswalebs.com/top-of-the/amantle-montsho/amantle-montsho-biography-age-family-education-career-networth-controversy |access-date=2021-04-10 |website=TSWAlebs |language=en |archive-date=2021-04-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410104026/https://tswalebs.com/top-of-the/amantle-montsho/amantle-montsho-biography-age-family-education-career-networth-controversy |url-status=dead }}</ref> i Maun. == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Botswana]] a7403p6mvjcm4c1gbr5n3y0pjb7znp8 0 16271 139478 95245 2026-09-23T09:49:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139478 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:Scenic views of Mt Satima, Aberdare Range.jpg|thumb|Umusozi wa Satima]] '''Umusozi wa Satima''', uzwi kandi nk' u'''musozi wa Lesatima''' ukunze kwitwa '''Satima''' cyangwa '''Lesatima''', niwo musozi wa gatatu muremure muri [[Kenya]] kandi muremure muri Aberdare Range. Izina rya Maasai ni '''Oldoinyo Lesatima''', rifite ubundi buryo butandukanye, nka '''Ol Donyo Le Satima''', kandi risobanura "[[umusozi]] w'inyana y'inka". <ref>Mary Fitzpatrick, Matthew Fletcher, David Wenk, ''Trekking in East Africa'' (Lonely Planet Publications, 2003), p. 190</ref> == Imiterere == Impinga iri mu majyaruguru ya Aberdares, nayo ubwayo iri mu burasirazuba bw'ikibaya kinini cya Rift, kandi niho hantu harehare. Hafi yacyo hari umubare [[Ikirunga|munini]] w'ibirunga bikarishye byitwa "Amenyo y'ikiyoka". <ref>''Fodor's Kenya, Tanzania, Seychelles'' (Fodor's Travel Publications, 1990), p. 65</ref> Hano hari moraine iri hagati ya metero 3,600 na metero 3,800 mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'umusozi. <ref>S. Hastenrath, ''The glaciers of equatorial East Africa'' (1984), p. 58</ref> Igitabo kimwe kivuga kuri [[Kenya]] cyise umusozi ubwawo"urutare runini rw'ibyatsi n'ibyatsi bya tussock bizenguruka ibicu". <ref>Mohamed Amin, Duncan Willetts, Brian Tetley, ''Kenya: the magic land'' (Bodley Head, 1988), p. 126</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imisozi yo muri afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Imisozi yo muri Kenya]] c5llnc45bznmk7cqum3yqh8z3yyhod5 0 16272 139156 94687 2026-09-23T03:11:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139156 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Magali Franka''' (yavutse ku ya 24 Mutarama 1990 i Lyon, [[Ubufaransa|mu Bufaransa]] ) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru uhatanira ku rwego ruri mpuzamahanga muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], uhatana mu [[Umugore|bagore]] Magali yari ahagarariye [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|DR Congo]] mu mikino Olempike yo muri 2008 yabereye i Beijing, mu [[Ubushinwa|bushinwa]] Yarushanwe muri metero 100 yiruka ashyira umunani mubushuhe, atarazamuka mu cyiciro cya kabiri. Yirutse intera mu gihe cya masegonda 12.57. <ref>https://olympics.com/en/athletes/franka-magali</ref><ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/democ-republic-of-congo/magali-franka-14275073</ref><ref>https://www.eurosport.com/athletics/franka-magali_prs153047/person.shtml</ref><ref>https://www.les-sports.info/magali-franka-athletisme-spf188425.html</ref><ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/Athletisme/AthletismeFicheAthlete12033.html</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == Franka Magali at World Athletics{{s-start}} {{s-sports|oly}} {{succession box|before=[[Gary Kikaya]]|title=[[List of flag bearers for DR Congo at the Olympics|Flagbearer]] for {{COD}}|years=[[2008 Summer Olympics|Beijing 2008]]|after=[[Ilunga Mande Zatara]]}} {{s-end}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] lett7at3ctq3a9ofg8jt3pcbtkibuq8 0 16283 139461 107110 2026-09-23T09:47:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139461 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Medina Eisa''' (yavutse 3 Mutarama 2005) <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Medina EISA – Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/medina-eisa-14985841 |access-date=20 February 2023 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> ni umunyetiyopiya wiruka intera ndende. Yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu muri metero 5000 mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’imikino ngororamubiri y’abatarengeje imyaka 2022 na feza mu isiganwa ry’abato muri Shampiyona y’isi yo muri 2023 . [[Dosiye:WKBO4458_5000m_W_final_Kipyegon_Hassan_(53173531305).jpg|thumb|right|Medina Eissa ari inyuma yambaye numero 14.]] == Umwuga == Muri Kamena 2021, afite imyaka 16, Medina Eisa yegukanye umwanya wa cumi mu kwiruka metero 5000 mu bigeragezo by'imikino Olempike ya [[Etiyopiya]] mbere y’imikino Olempike yatinze yabereye i [[Tokyo|Tokiyo]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 June 2021 |title=2021 Ethiopian Olympic Trials: Gudaf Tsegay (14:13) & Getnet Wale (12:53) Among Six World-Leading Times as New Stars Emerge |url=https://www.letsrun.com/news/2021/06/2021-ethiopian-olympic-trials-wins-for-getnet-wale-selemon-barega-in-new-events-as-new-contenders-emerge-fast-times-abound |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=[[LetsRun.com]]}}</ref> Muri Mata 2022, yaje ku mwanya wa kane mu birori mu marushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri ya [[Etiyopiya]] yabereye Hawassa, akoresha igihe cya 15: 50.3. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopian championships, Hawassa 28/03-2/04/2022 |url=http://www.africathle.com/2022/03/28/ethiopian-championships-hawassa-28-03-2-04-2022 |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=Africathle.com |archive-date=25 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925210920/http://www.africathle.com/2022/03/28/ethiopian-championships-hawassa-28-03-2-04-2022/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatwaye umudari wa zahabu ku [[Umugore|bagore]] muri metero 5000 mu marushanwa y’abatarengeje imyaka 20 yabereye i Cali, muri [[Kolombiya]] muri Kanama, isaha 15: 29.71 imbere ya mugenzi we Melknat Wudu hamwe na Prisca Chesang wa [[Uganda]] uri ku mwanya wa gatatu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 August 2022 |title=RESULTS 5000 Metres Women - Final |url=https://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/7163112/AT-5000-W-f----.RS6.pdf |access-date=19 February 2023 |publisher=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rowbottom |first=Mike |date=6 August 2022 |title=Hill sets World Athletics Under-20 Championships 100m hurdles record as Ethiopia dominate long distance on last day |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1126704/hill-ethiopia-world-under-20-cali |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=[[Inside the Games]]}}</ref> Mu Kwakira, Eisa yatsindiye Irilande y'Amajyaruguru Mpuzamahanga kilometero 6 kwiruka byabereye i Dundoland, Belfast m'ugihe cya 21:07. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 October 2022 |title=World U20 Champions Set for NI International Cross Country |url=https://athleticsni.org/News/Athletics-NI-News/World-U20-Champions-Set-for-NI-International-Cross-Country |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=AthleticsNI.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2022 |title=Northern Ireland International Cross Country Results |url=https://worldathletics.org/competition/calendar-results/results/7187683?eventId=10229544&gender=W |access-date=10 February 2023 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2023, yegukanye umudari wa feza mu marushanwa y'[[Umugore|abagore]] bato mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yakuzenguruka isi, yiruka amasaha 21:00 arangiza amasegonda arindwi inyuma ya mugenzi we Senayet Getachew. Hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri [[Etiyopiya]] yatwaye zahabu kurutonde rw'amakipe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Evans |first=Louise |date=18 February 2023 |title=Getachew grabs surprise U20 women’s gold in Bathurst |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-cross-country-championships/bathurst23/news/report/report-2023-u20-women-getachew |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Henderson |first=Jason |date=18 February 2023 |title=Senayet Getachew sprints to under-20 women’s world cross title |url=https://athleticsweekly.com/event-reports/senayet-getachew-sprints-to-under-20-womens-world-cross-title-1039965172 |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=[[Athletics Weekly|AW]]}}</ref> == Ibyiza byawe bwite == * Metero 3000 - 8: 41.42 ( [[Rabat]] 2022) * Metero 5000 - 14: 59.53 ( Hengelo 2021) * Ibirometero 5 - 14:53 ( Herzogenaurach 2022) AU18B AU20B == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] ti61qc02b8agot9jcwxbdkxq7onn6q6 0 16287 139265 110373 2026-09-23T07:33:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Habitam Alemu Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|Habitam Alemu]] '''Habitam Alemu Bayih''' (yavutse ku ya 9 Nyakanga 1997) ni [[Etiyopiya|Umunyetiyopiya]]<nowiki/>kazi wiruka intera yo hagati, wazobereye muri metero 800 . == Umwuga == Alemu wavukiye i Merawi, muri [[Etiyopiya]], yashishikarijwe kugerageza kwiruka n'umwarimu w'ishuri w'amwinjiye mu marushanwa ye ya mbere, yatsinze. <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |date=2021-07-08 |title=Habitam Alemu {{!}} Spikes |url=https://spikes.worldathletics.org/post/habitam-alemu |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210710050840/https://spikes.worldathletics.org/post/habitam-alemu |archive-date=2021-07-10 |access-date=2022-03-18 |website=spikes.worldathletics.org |language=en}}</ref> Yakomeje gushishikarizwa na murumuna we, atangira imyitozo ikomeye, nyuma yo kwiruka muri shampiyona y’igihugu, yatumiriwe kujya mu ikipe i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]]. <ref name=":02" /> Alemu yaserukiye igihugu ciwe mu marushanwa y'isi yo muri 2015, <ref>[http://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/4875/AT-800-W-h----.RS4.pdf / 800 Metres Women - Round 1]</ref> kandi yarabaye mu barangihe mu marushanwa y'isi yo muri 2016 . <ref>[http://media.aws.iaaf.org/competitiondocuments/pdf/5681/AT-800-W-f----.RS6.pdf Results. 800 Metres Women - Final]</ref> Mu mikino Olempike ya Rio 2016, yakoresheje uko ashoboye kugira ngo atere imbere binyuze mu bushyuhe, <ref>{{Cite web |title=IAAF: 800 Metres Result - The XXXI Olympic Games - iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/results/olympic-games/2016/the-xxxi-olympic-games-5771/women/800-metres/heats/result |access-date=20 December 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}</ref> ariko asezererwa muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IAAF: 800 Metres Result - The XXXI Olympic Games - iaaf.org |url=https://www.iaaf.org/results/olympic-games/2016/the-xxxi-olympic-games-5771/women/800-metres/semi-final/result#resultheader |access-date=20 December 2017 |website=iaaf.org}}</ref> Yashyize ku mwanya wa gatandatu muri metero 800 mu mikino Olempike ya Tokiyo yo 2020 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Athletics ALEMU Habitam - Tokyo 2020 Olympics |url=https://olympics.com/tokyo-2020/olympic-games/en/results/athletics/athlete-profile-n1449986-alemu-habitam.htm |url-status=live |access-date=2021-08-09 |website=Olympics.com |publisher=[[International Olympic Committee|IOC]]}}</ref> Alemu yinjije inshuro ebyiri zose muri metero 800 World indoor Tour, yatsinze muri 2019 no muri 2021. == Amarushanwa == === Umuzunguruko uratsinda === * Urutonde rwa Diamond ** [[Dosiye:Noite de atletismo no Engenhão 1038900-18.08.2016 ffz-7584.jpg|thumb]]2017 (metero 800): Birmingham Ubwongereza Grand Prix * Imikino ngororamubiri ku isi metero 800 uwatsinze muri rusange: 2019, 2021 ** 2019 : Igikombe cya Toruń Copernicus, Inama ya Banki ya Düsseldorf ** 2021 : Toruń, Inama yo mu nzu ya Villa de Madrid == Ibyiza byawe bwite == * [[Dosiye:Noite de atletismo no Engenhão 1038900-18.08.2016 ffz-7584.jpg|thumb]]Metero 800 - 1: 56.71 ( [[Monako|Monaco]] 2018) ** Metero 800 mu nzu - 1: 58.19 ( Toruń 2021) * Metero 1500 - 4: 01.41 ( [[Doha]] 2018) ** Metero 1500 mu nzu - 4: 02.52 ( Toruń 2022) == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] d4ehnwz6maaqwa0s6d3lbtvvfcu7tsr 0 16296 139367 122577 2026-09-23T09:08:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139367 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Women's 3000 metres Portland 2016.jpg|thumb|Betlhem Desalegn]] '''Betlhem Desalegn Belayneh''' (yavutse ku ya 13 Ugushyingo 1991 i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] ) ni [[Etiyopiya|umunyetiyopiya]] wavukiye muri [[Etiyopiya]] [[Nyarabu Zunze Ubumwe|Emirati]] wiruka hagati. Mu mikino Olempike yo muri 2012, yitabiriye metero 1500 mu [[Umugore|bagore]]. Muri 2017, Betlhem ya bujijwe imyaka ibiri kubera amakosa muri pasiporo y’ibinyabuzima. Usibye kubuzwa, ibisubizo bye byose buaje hagati ya 6 Werurwe 2014 na 22 Nyakanga 2016 byateshejwe agaciro. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Etchells |first=Daniel |date=23 October 2017 |title=Athletics Integrity Unit welcomes CAS decision to give UAE runner Desalegn two-year doping ban |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1056932/athletics-integrity-unit-welcomes-cas-decision-to-give-uae-runner-desalegn-two-year-doping-ban |access-date=24 October 2017 |publisher=Inside the Games}}</ref> == Amarushanwa == {| {{AchievementTable|width=auto|Event=yes}} |- ! Umwaka !Amarushanwa !igihugu !umwanya !Uburebure !Igihe |- | rowspan=2 | 2010 | rowspan=2 | [[Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games|Asian Games]] | rowspan=2 | [[Guangzhou, China]] | 13th (h) | 800 m | [[Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's 800 metres|2:10.80]] |- | 8th | 1500 m | [[Athletics at the 2010 Asian Games – Women's 1500 metres|4:19.99]] |- | rowspan=4 | 2011 | rowspan=2 | [[2011 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Kobe, Japan]] | 5th | 1500 m | [[2011 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres|4:24.38]] |- | 5th | 5000 m | [[2011 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 5000 metres|16:04.98]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[Athletics at the 2011 Pan Arab Games|Pan Arab Games]] | rowspan=2 | [[Doha, Qatar]] | bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd | 1500 m | [[Athletics at the 2011 Pan Arab Games – Results#1500 meters 2|4:21.50]] |- | bgcolor=silver | 2nd | 5000 m | [[Athletics at the 2011 Pan Arab Games – Results#5000 meters 2|16:12.71]] |- | rowspan=4 | 2012 | rowspan=2 | [[2012 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|Asian Indoor Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Hangzhou, China]] | bgcolor=silver | 2nd | 1500 m | [[2012 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#1500 meters 2|4:16.97]] |- | bgcolor=silver | 2nd | 3000 m | [[2012 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#3000 meters 2|8:53.56]] |- | [[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] | [[Istanbul, Turkey]] | 15th (h) | 3000 m | [[2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 3000 metres|9:12.63]] |- | [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] | [[London, United Kingdom]] | 33rd (h) | 1500 m | [[Athletics at the 2012 Summer Olympics – Women's 1500 metres|4:14.07]] |- | rowspan=8 | 2013 | rowspan=2 | [[2013 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Doha, Qatar]] | bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd | 1500 m | 4:55.23 |- | bgcolor=gold | 1st | 5000 m | 15:48.59 |- | rowspan=2 | [[2013 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Pune, India]] | bgcolor=gold | 1st | 1500 m | [[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres|4:13.67]] |- | bgcolor=gold | 1st | 5000 m | [[2013 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 5000 metres|15:12.84]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[2013 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Moscow, Russia]] | 32nd (h) | 1500 m | [[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 1500 metres|4:12.97]] |- | 18th (h) | 5000 m | [[2013 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres|16:13.27]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[Athletics at the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games|Islamic Solidarity Games]] | rowspan=2 | [[Palembang, Indonesia]] | bgcolor=cc9966 | 3rd | 1500 m | [[Athletics at the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games – Results#1500 metres 2|4:20.09]] |- | bgcolor=silver | 2nd | 5000 m | [[Athletics at the 2013 Islamic Solidarity Games – Results#5000 metres 2|16:16.84]] |- | rowspan=5 | 2014 | rowspan=2 | [[2014 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|Asian Indoor Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Hangzhou, China]] | bgcolor=silver | 2nd | 1500 m | [[2014 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#1500 meters 2|4:19.83]] |- | bgcolor=silver | 2nd | 3000 m | [[2014 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#3000 meters 2|8:46.54]] |- | [[2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] | [[Sopot, Poland]] | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 3000 m | [[2014 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 3000 metres|DQ]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games|Asian Games]] | rowspan=2 | [[Incheon, South Korea]] | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 1500 m | [[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's 1500 metres|DQ]] |- | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 5000 m | [[Athletics at the 2014 Asian Games – Women's 5000 metres|DQ]] |- | rowspan=6 | 2015 | rowspan=2 | [[2015 Arab Athletics Championships|Arab Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Isa Town]], [[Bahrain]] | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 800 m | DQ |- | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 1500 m | DQ |- | rowspan=2 | [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships|Asian Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Wuhan, China]] | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 1500 m | [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres|DQ]] |- | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 5000 m | [[2015 Asian Athletics Championships – Women's 5000 metres|DQ]] |- | rowspan=2 | [[2015 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Beijing, China]] | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 1500 m | [[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 1500 metres|DQ]] |- | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 5000 m | [[2015 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 5000 metres|DQ]] |- | rowspan=3 | 2016 | rowspan=2 | [[2016 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships|Asian Indoor Championships]] | rowspan=2 | [[Doha, Qatar]] | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 1500 m | [[2016 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#1500 meters 2|DQ]] |- | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 3000 m | [[2016 Asian Indoor Athletics Championships – Results#3000 meters 2|DQ]] |- | [[2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] | [[Portland, Oregon|Portland, United States]] | bgcolor=pink|DQ | 3000 m | [[2016 IAAF World Indoor Championships – Women's 3000 metres|DQ]] |} == Ibyiza byawe bwite == * Metero 400 - 58.07 ([[Manama]] 2013) * Metero 800 - 2: 06.81 (Sollentuna 2013) '''NR''' * Metero 1500 - 4: 05.13 ([[Doha]] 2013) * Metero 3000 - 8: 53.75 (Stockholm 2015) * Metero 5000 - 15: 12.84 (Pune 2013) * Metero 3000 kunyerera - 9: 53.19 (Stockholm 2014) '''Mu nzu''' * Metero 1500 - 4: 05.61 (Stockholm 2015) * Metero 3000 - 8: 44.59 (Doha 2016) == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] 1j8pzw8a8e594omrlj9wzff5xn3y2h6 0 16304 139172 111127 2026-09-23T03:14:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139172 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Axumawit Embaye (ETH) 2020.jpg|thumb|Axumawit Embaye]] '''Axumawit Alem Embaye''' (yavutse ku ya 18 Ukwakira 1994) ni [[Etiyopiya|Umunyetiyopiya]] wiruka intera ndende, akaba ari kabuhariwe muri metero 1500 . Ni inshuro ebyiri yegukanye umudari wa feza muri gikombe cy’imbere kuva muri 2014 na 2022 . == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:Axumawit Embaye at the 2020 PSD Bank Meeting in Dusseldorf.jpg|thumb|225x225px]] Axumawit Embaye yagaragaye bwa mbere muri 2012. Yabaye igisonga cya metero 800 muri Shampiyona y'abato ya [[Etiyopiya]] kandi yarangije ari uwa karindwi muri Shampiyona y'isi yabato y'abato muri 2012 muri isiganwa, yagize ibihe byiza by'umuntu ku giti cye ni iminota 4: 12.92. Yarahinduye ajya muri metero 1500 muri shampiyona muri 2013 kandi yitwara neza kumuzunguruko. Yirutse neza mu minota 4: 09.11 mu nzu ya XL Galan kugira ngo ashyire ku mwanya wa kabiri kandi afite umurongo wa kabiri washyizwe hanze mu mikino ya Bislett, Folksam Grand Prix na KBC Ijoro ry'imikino ngororamubiri (yashyizeho ibihe byiza byari 4: hari Iminota 05.16 mu birori by'anyuma). <ref name="Tilas">[http://www.tilastopaja.org/db/atw.php?ID=121094&Season=2013&Odd=0 Axumawit Embaye]. Tilastopaja. Retrieved on 2014-03-09.</ref> Imyanya itatu ya mbere yagizwe mu nama ya Banki ya PSD na Weltklasse i Karlsruhe mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wakurikiyeho y'amuzaniye umwanya muri iyi kipe mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu nzu yo muri 2014 mu birori bya metero 1500. <ref name="Tilas">[http://www.tilastopaja.org/db/atw.php?ID=121094&Season=2013&Odd=0 Axumawit Embaye]. Tilastopaja. Retrieved on 2014-03-09.</ref> Yabaye uwa kabiri kuri [[Abeba Aregawi|Abebe Aregawi]] mu bushyuhe kandi asubiramo iyo mi korere ku mukino wa nyuma; <ref>Minshull, Phil (2014-03-07). [http://www.iaaf.org/news/report/report-womens-1500m-heats-sopot-2014 Report: women's 1500m heats – Sopot 2014]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-03-09.</ref> nubwo Abebe yatsinze neza isiganwa, Axumawit yagumye imbere ya bandi b'apakira gutwara umudari wa feza. <ref>Minshull, Phil (2014-03-08). [http://www.iaaf.org/competitions/iaaf-world-indoor-championships/iaaf-world-indoor-championships-2014-4952/news/report/women/1500-metres/final Report: women's 1500m final – Sopot 2014]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-03-09.</ref> Yashyize ku mwanya wa kane mu birori by’i nzobere mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu nzu ya IAAF muri 2016 yabereye Portland, Oregon. Sifan Hassan niwe we gukanye igihe [[Dawit Seyaum]] na Gudaf Tsegay barangije ku mwanya wa kabiri n'uwa gatatu. Mu marushanwa y'isi yo muri 2019 yabereye i [[Doha]], Axumawit yavanyweho mu bushyuhe bwo kwiruka metero 1500 mu [[Umugore|bagore]]. [[Dosiye:Athletissima 2022 8240.jpg|thumb]] Mu 2022, Axumawit yasubiyemo ibyo yagezeho kuva mu mwaka wo muri 2014 yegukana umudari wa feza ya metero 1500 muri Shampiyona y’imbere mu nzu yabereye i Belgrade, isaha 4: 02.29. Mugenzi we Tsegay yayoboye imidari ya Etiyopiya muri 3: 57.19 mugihe Hirut Meshesha yarangije umwanya wa gatatu (4: 03.39). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turnbull |first=Simon |date=2022-03-19 |title=World record-holder Tsegay leads Ethiopian 1500m medal sweep in Belgrade |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-indoor-championships/belgrade22/news/report/belgrade-22-women-1500m-report |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> == Amarushanwa == == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] 3adz0xsijygkzk04aqbki6vo7oyoaol 0 16313 139500 107127 2026-09-23T09:59:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139500 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Freweyni Hailu''' (yavutse 12 [[Gashyantare]] 2001) <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Freweyni HAILU – Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/freweyni-hailu-14836656 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> ni [[Etiyopiya|Umunyetiyopiya]] wiruka hagati. Yashyize ku mwanya wa kane muri metero 1500 mu mikino Olempike ya Tokiyo yo muri 2020 . Mu 2022, Hailu yabonye umudari wa feza ku isi muri metero 800 i Belgrade. <ref name="2022WIChamps">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-20 |title=Ajee' Wilson wins 800m gold at World Indoor Championships |url=https://www.letsrun.com/news/2022/03/ajee-wilson-wins-800m-gold-at-world-indoor-championships/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=[[LetsRun.com]]}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Freweyni_Hailu_(ETH)_2022.jpg|thumb|right|Freweyni Hailu mu irushanwa mu mwaka wa 2022]] == Umwuga == Freweyni Hailu yungutse ubunararibonye mpuzamahanga bwa mbere muri 2018 mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga y’abato yabereye i Tampere, muri [[Finilande]], aho yegukanye umwanya wa gatanu mu kwiruka metero 800 mu [[Umugore|bagore]]. Umwaka ukurikira, yabaye uwa kane mu kwiruka abatarengeje imyaka 20 muri meteo 800 mu marushanwa ny'afurika y'abatarengeje imyaka 18 - abatarengeje imyaka 20 yabereye i Abidjan, muri [[Kote Divuwari|kote divuwari]]. [[Dosiye:1500m_women_Oregon_2022.jpg|thumb|right|Feyni Hailu (ibumoso) ari mu isiganwa ry'abagore i Oregon mu mwaka wa 2022.]] Hailu yitabiriye metero 800 mu [[Umugore|bagore]] mu mikino Nyafurika yo muri 2019, aho yakuwe muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza. <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Freweyni HAILU – Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/freweyni-hailu-14836656 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2021, mu bigeragezo by'imikino Olempike yo muri [[Etiyopiya]], yirutse ku giti cye muri metero 1500 mu [[Umugore|bagore]] kugira ngo igihe cy’imikino Olempike kibe cyujuje ibisabwa mu mikino Olempike ya Tokiyo yatinze muri 2020 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2021 |title=2021 Ethiopian Olympic Trials: Gudaf Tsegay (14:13) & Getnet Wale (12:53) among six world-leading times as new stars emerge |url=https://www.letsrun.com/news/2021/06/2021-ethiopian-olympic-trials-wins-for-getnet-wale-selemon-barega-in-new-events-as-new-contenders-emerge-fast-times-abound/ |website=[[LetsRun.com]]}}</ref> We, Lemlem Hailu, na Diribe Welteji ba shyizwe mu ikipe ya [[Etiyopiya]]. Muri iyo mikino, yarangije ku mwanya wa kane mu gihe cya 3: 57.60 inyuma gusa, 1-3, Kwizera Kipyegon, Laura Muir na Sifan Hassan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-08-06 |title=The XXXII Olympic Games {{!}} Tokyo 2020 – 1500 metres Women {{!}} Final |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/olympic-games/the-xxxii-olympic-games-athletics-7132391/results/women/1500-metres/final/result |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Ku ya 14 Nzeri 2021, ku rwibutso rwa Hanžeković i [[Zagreb]], Hailu yashyizeho agahigo muri [[Etiyopiya]] muri metero 2000 akoresheje umwanya wa metero 5 25.86s, arangiza inyuma ya [[Francine Niyonsaba]] we nyine washyize muri iri siganwa agahigo ya 5: 21.56. Ikimenyetso cya Hailu nicyo cya gatatu cyihuta cyane mu mateka. <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Freweyni HAILU – Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/ethiopia/freweyni-hailu-14836656 |access-date=1 January 2021 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2022, Hailu yegukanye umudari wa feza muri metero 800 muri Shampiyona y’imbere mu nzu yabereye i Beligrade hamwe n'igihe cyiza cya 2: 00.54. Ajeé Wilson yaje ku mwanya wa mbere muri isaha 1: 59.09, naho Halimah Nakaayi aba uwa gatatu (2: 00.66). Wari umudari wa mbere kw'isi yose muri metero 800 mu rugo [[Umugore|kubagore]] ba [[Etiyopiya]] mu mateka. <ref name="2022WIChamps">{{Cite web |date=2022-03-20 |title=Ajee' Wilson wins 800m gold at World Indoor Championships |url=https://www.letsrun.com/news/2022/03/ajee-wilson-wins-800m-gold-at-world-indoor-championships/ |access-date=2022-03-21 |website=[[LetsRun.com]]}}</ref> == Amarushanwa == {|{{AchievementTable|nation=ETH|Event=yes|Time=yes|NotesOff=yes}} |Umwaka |Irushanwa |Igihugu |Umwanya |Ubrebure |Igihe |- |2018 |[[2018 IAAF World U20 Championships|World Junior Championships]] |Tampere, Finilande |5th |800 m |[[2018 IAAF World U20 Championships – Women's 800 metres|2:02.80]] |- | rowspan="2" |2019 |[[2019 African U18 and U20 Championships in Athletics|African U18 / U20 Championships, U20 events]] |Abidjan, kote divuwari |4th |800 m |[[2019 African U18 and U20 Championships in Athletics#Women (U20)|2:06.98]] |- |[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games|African Games]] |[[Rabat]], Moroke |11th (sf) |800 m |[[Athletics at the 2019 African Games – Women's 800 metres|2:05.73]] |- |2021 |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics|Olympic Games]] |Tokyo, Japani |4th |1500 m |[[Athletics at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Women's 1500 metres|3:57.60]] |- | rowspan="3" |2022 |[[2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships|World Indoor Championships]] |Belgrade, Seribiya | bgcolor="silver" |2nd |800 m i |[[2022 World Athletics Indoor Championships – Women's 800 metres|2:00.54]] {{AthAbbr|PB}} |- | rowspan="2" |[[2022 World Athletics Championships|World Championships]] | rowspan="2" |Eugene, amerika |11th (sf) |800 m |[[2022 World Athletics Championships – Women's 800 metres|2:00.11]] |- |4th |1500 m |[[2022 World Athletics Championships – Women's 1500 metres|4:01.28]] |} == Reba == <references group="" responsive="1"></references> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] 8jxluz44sz3l6pi3loo2h2ufx40rv2e 0 16324 139450 94787 2026-09-23T09:46:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139450 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hirut Meshesha''' (yavutse ku ya 20 Mutarama 2001) ni [[Etiyopiya|umunyetiyopiya]] wiruka hagati. Yatsindiye umudari wa bronze muri metero 1500 mu bagore mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo mu nzu muri 2022 yabereye i Beligrade. Meshesha yatwaye umudari wa zahabu muri metero 800 mu mikino ny'afurika ya muri 2019 . == Umwuga == Hirut Meshesha yungutse ubunararibonye mpuzamahanga bwa mbere mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya IAAF muri 2017 munsi y'abafite imyaka 18 yabereye i Nairobi muri Kenya, aho yegukanye umudari wa bronze muri metero 800 mu bakobwa. Nyuma yagiye muri Arijantine mu mikino Olempike y’urubyiruko yo mu mpeshyi ya muri 2018 yabereye i [[Buenos Aires]] maze atwara umuringa mu birometero 800 by’abakobwa Muri Mata 2019, yitabiriye amarushanwa ny'afurika munsi ya'abifte imyaka 18 na munsi ya'abifte imyaka 20 yaberaga i Abidjan, muri kote divuwari, kandi yegukana umudari wa feza kuri metero 800 mu bagore bari munsi y’i myaka 20. Ukwezi kumwe, yatsindiye umudari muri metero 800 mu bagore muri Shampiyona ya Etiyopiya. Muri Kanama, Meshesha yari ahagarariye Etiyopiya mu mikino Ny'afurika yo muri 2019 yabereye i [[Rabat]], muri Maroke kandi yegukana umudari wa zahabu mu kwiruka metero 800 . <ref name="african_games_2019_profile">{{Cite web |title=Hirut Meshesha Mero - Athlete Profile |url=https://www.jar2019.ma/resultats/eng/zb/engzb_athletics-athlete-profile-n1010719-mero-hirut-meshesha.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921224448/https://www.jar2019.ma/resultats/eng/zb/engzb_athletics-athlete-profile-n1010719-mero-hirut-meshesha.htm |archive-date=21 September 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |website=2019 African Games}}</ref> <ref name="ekevwo_news_2019_african_games">{{Cite web |title=Ekevwo and Ta Lou take African Games 100 m titles |url=https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/african-games-2019-rabat-ekevwo-ta-lou |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913211600/https://www.iaaf.org/news/report/african-games-2019-rabat-ekevwo-ta-lou |archive-date=13 September 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |website=IAAF}}</ref> <ref name="ekevwo_claim_title_2019_african_games">{{Cite web |last=Etchells |first=Daniel |date=27 August 2019 |title=Ekevwo and Ta Lou claim 100m titles at African Games |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1084023/100-metres-events-held-at-african-games |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190921225709/https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1084023/100-metres-events-held-at-african-games |archive-date=21 September 2019 |access-date=21 September 2019 |website=Inside the Games}}</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa bronze muri metero 1500 mu bagore mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yabereye mu nzu yabereye i Beligrade, muri Seribiya. Mugenzi we [[Gudaf Tsegay]] ya yoboye imidari ya Etiyopiya iratwara kuko [[Axumawit Embaye]] yaje ku mwanya wa kabiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Turnbull |first=Simon |date=2022-03-19 |title=World record-holder Tsegay leads Ethiopian 1500m medal sweep in Belgrade |url=https://www.worldathletics.org/competitions/world-athletics-indoor-championships/belgrade22/news/report/belgrade-22-women-1500m-report |access-date=2022-03-23 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> == Amarushanwa == * Metero 1500 - 3: 57.30 (2022) ** Metero 1500 mu nzu - 4: 02.14 (2022) == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] b32vfumo947ds6uzgjj00eadxzw5g8s 0 16329 139388 126788 2026-09-23T09:11:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139388 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sifan Hassan - 120609-011.jpg|thumb|Sifan Hassan]] '''Sifan Hassan''' (Yavutse 1 [[Ubuholandi|Mutarama]] 1993 <ref name="WAprofile">{{Cite web |title=Sifan HASSAN – Athlete Profile |url=https://worldathletics.org/athletes/netherlands/sifan-hassan-14489606 |access-date=2021-01-01 |website=[[World Athletics]]}}</ref> Yasoje inshuro eshatu zitigeze zibaho mu mikino Olempike ya Tokiyo yo muri 2020 y egukana imidari ya zahabu muri metero 5000 na metero 10,000, n'umudari wa bronze muri metero 1500 . Hassan niwe mukinnyi w'enyine mu mateka ya Olempike wegukanye imidari mu birometero bigera hagati ndetse no gusiganwa kure cyane mu mikino imwe. Ni umugore wa kabiri gusa wujuje intera ya olempike kabiri. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Whittington |first=Jess |date=2021-08-07 |title=History-maker Hassan completes medal treble in Tokyo |url=https://worldathletics.org/competitions/olympic-games/news/tokyo-olympic-games-women-10000m-report |access-date=2021-08-07 |website=[[World Athletics]] |archive-date=2022-01-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128052935/https://worldathletics.org/competitions/olympic-games/news/tokyo-olympic-games-women-10000m-report |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu marushanwa y’imikino ngororamubiri ku isi, Hassan yatwaye ibikombe bya metero 1500 na 10,000, muri 2019, abaye umukinnyi w'enyine (umugabo cyangwa umugore) mu mateka we gukanye ibyo birori byombi mu marushanwa y’isi imwe cyangwa imikino Olempike. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dutch |first=Taylor |date=2019-10-05 |title=Sifan Hassan Wins Unprecedented World Championship Double; Houlihan Sets American Record |url=https://www.runnersworld.com/news/a29375367/sifan-hassan-world-championship-double/ |access-date=2019-10-07 |website=Runner's World |language=en-US}}</ref> Yatsindiye umudari w'umuringa kuri metero 1500 muri 2015, no kuri 5000 muri 2017 ubwo na we yarangije umwanya wa gatanu kuri metero 1500. Hassan ni inshuro eshatu yegukanye umudari wa Shampiyona y’imbere mu nzu, yegukana umudari wa zahabu kuri metero 1500 muri 2016 ndetse nafeza, kuri metero 3000 na bronze kuri 1500 muri 2018 . Yabonye imidari itandatu yo mu [[Burayi]] (harimo imitwe ibiri yambukiranya igihugu ), n'umudari umwe wo mu Burayi. Yatsindiye kandi inshuro eshatu Diamond League, amaze kubona metero 1500 / 5000 muri 2019 . Hassan ni we ufite agahigo ku isi mu gusiganwa ku birometero kimwe na kilometero 5, byombi byashyizweho muri 2019, ndetse no gukora isaha imwe, byashyizweho muri 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 June 2021 |title=Sifan Hassan smashes women's 10,000 metres world record |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/more-sports/athletics/sifan-hassan-smashes-womens-10000-metres-world-record/articleshow/83283308.cms |access-date=6 June 2021 |website=[[The Times of India]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Program 2019&nbsp;–&nbsp;Diamond League – Monaco |url=https://monaco.diamondleague.com/en/programme-resultats-monaco-en/#baseFrame |access-date=12 July 2019 |website=monaco.diamondleague.com |archive-date=13 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713111844/https://monaco.diamondleague.com/en/programme-resultats-monaco-en/#baseFrame |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatwaye amateka ku isi ku 10,000 iminsi ibiri muri kamena 2021. <ref name="bbc2021">{{Cite web |date=6 June 2021 |title=Sifan Hassan: Dutch athlete breaks 10,000m world record by more than 10 seconds |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/athletics/57377392 |access-date=2021-06-06 |website=BBC |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="nbc2021">{{Cite web |date=8 June 2021 |title=Letesenbet Gidey breaks 2-day-old world record in 10,000m |url=https://olympics.nbcsports.com/2021/06/08/letesenbet-gidey-world-record-10000-meters/ |access-date=9 June 2021 |website=OlympicTalk |publisher=NBC Sports}}</ref> Afite inyandiko eshanu zi Burayi (metero 1500, 3000, 5000, 10,000, igice cya marato) hamwe n’uwubuholandi butatu. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Sifan Hassan yavukiye i Adama, Oromia, [[Etiyopiya]] akurira mu cyaro cya Kersa mu karere ka Munesa muri Zone ya Arsi ya Oromia. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2019 |title=Atileet Siifan Hasan fiigichaan rikkardiiwwan cabsuu itti fufte kun eenyu, akkamiin as geesse? |url=https://www.bbc.com/afaanoromoo/oduu-50669408.amp |access-date=4 August 2021 |publisher=BBC News Afaan Oromoo}}</ref> <ref>Brink, Cors Van den (24 November 2013). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180723003629/http://www.atletiekweek.nl/2013/11/24/een-edammertje-voor-de-atlete-uit-nazareth/ Een Edammertje voor de atlete uit Nazareth] {{In lang|nl}}. ''Atletiek Week''. Retrieved on 2014-02-22.</ref> Yari kwiruka mu myidagaduro. Yavuye muri Etiyopiya ari impunzi agera mu [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] muri 2008 afite imyaka cumi n'itanu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Sifan Hassan chases athletics history with Tokyo Olympics treble attempt |url=https://www.ft.com/content/91c39995-7e4c-4d01-a248-e55e764153b5 |access-date=2021-08-07 |website=www.ft.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tokyo |first=Ian O'Riordan In |title=Sifan Hassan on course for unprecedented treble after 5,000m win |url=https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/sifan-hassan-on-course-for-unprecedented-treble-after-5-000m-win-1.4637172 |access-date=2021-08-07 |website=The Irish Times |language=en}}</ref> Yatangiye kwiruka akora amasomo yo kuba umuforomo. Hassan yabaye umwenegihugu w’Ubuholandi muri 2013. == Umwuga == [[Dosiye:520_finale_1500m_hassan_(26095090475).jpg|left|thumb| Hassan (iburyo) yerekeza muri metero 1500 muri zahabu mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga yo muri 2016 yabereye i Portland]] === 2016–2017 === [[Dosiye:2019_Payton_Jordan_Invitational_(46848948765).jpg|left|thumb| Hassan yiruka metero 10,000, muri Ubutumire bwa Payton Jordan muri Palo Alto, CA muri 2019]] [[Dosiye:Women's_1500m_final_at_2019_World_Athletics_Championships_2.jpg|thumb| Ku mukino wa nyuma wa metero 1500 wa Shampiyona y'isi yo muri 2019 yabereye i [[Doha]], Hassan yatsinze Kipyegon, wari wagarutse nyuma yo kubyara mu mwaka ushize.]] === Ibyiza byawe bwite === == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa etiyopiya]] lbn040otqo53g3n6zux2oej5sj3hno1 0 16341 139408 94823 2026-09-23T09:41:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139408 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Evette de Klerk''' (yavutse ku ya 21 Kanama 1965) ni umunya Afurika yepfo wahoze asiganwa ku maguru. Yabaye umukinnyi wiganje mu bakobwa basiganwa ku maguru muri Afurika yepfo mu myaka ya za 1980, yatsindiye metero 100/200, metero ebyiri muri shampiyona y'igihugu mu myaka icumi yatangiye kuva 1982 kugeza 1991. Yatwaye kandi ibikombe bitatu bya Afrika yepfo muri metero 400 . Harimo amarushanwa ya shampiona yamasegonda 11.06 (ubuzima bwe bwiza) kuri metero 100 n'amasegonda 22.36 kuri 200. <ref name="NC">[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/rsa.htm South African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> Ibyiza bye ku mikino ngufi byombi bikomeza kuba Afrika yepfo ku birometero 200, igihe cy'amasegonda 22.06 nicyo cyihuta cyanditswe nu mukinnyi ny'afurica, ariko ntabwo aricyo gitabo cya Afrika kuko kitari cyemejwe n'inzego nyo bozi z'umugabane. Icyo gihe cyashyize ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi hejuru ya metero 200 mu 1989, inyuma ya Dawn Sowell. <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/tp/worw.htm World Top Performers 1980-2005: Women (Outdoor)]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> Usibye aya manota, yashyizeho ibyiza byamasegonda 50.57 kuri metero 400. De Klerk ntabwo ya rushanwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gihe yari ku rwego rwo hejuru mu mwuga we biturutse ku kwamagana siporo yo muri Afurika y'Epfo mu gihe cy'apartheid. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2009/may/31/the-ten-absentees The 10 - Absentees]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> Yagaragaye mu ruhando mpuzamahanga muri Afurika yepfo yaje muri shampiyona ye heruka ku rwego rwo hejuru muri 1993). Yatsindiye umudari wa bronze inshuro ebyiri muri Shampiyona ny'afurika yo muri 1993 yaberaga muri isiganrwa agera kuri podium muri metero 200 na metero 4 × 100 . <ref>[http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afc.htm African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> Yakomeje guhagararira Afurika y'Epfo mu marushanwa y'isi yaberaga mu mikino ngororamubiri muri 1993 kandi yabaye kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri metero 200. <ref>[http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/south-africa/evette-de-klerk-63056 Evette de Klerk]. IAAF. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> Yanze icyifuzo cyo guhatanira u Bwongereza mu gihe ibihano byari bihari, nkuko mugenzi we wo muri Afurika y'Epfo, Zola Budd yabigenje. <ref>[http://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/04/24/South-African-sprinter-Evette-de-Klerk-has-turned-down/9140451630800/ South African sprinter Evette de Klerk has turned down...]. UPI (1984-04-24). Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> Yarushanwe muri make ku izina ryubatse nka Evette Armstrong muri 1986 na 1987. <ref name="NC">[http://www.gbrathletics.com/nc/rsa.htm South African Championships]. GBR Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> [[Carina Ihembe]] ryangana na metero 100 ya de Klerk amateka yi gihugu muri 2015, nyuma y'imyaka 25 yashizweho. <ref>[http://www.supersport.com/athletics/sa-track-and-field/news/150712/Horn_equals_25yearold_SA_record Horn equals 25-year-old SA record]. SuperSport (2015-07-12). Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> De Klerk akomeza kuba afite umuvuduko wihuse m'ubihe byose, abikesheje umuyaga we wifashishije umuyaga masegonda 10.94 muri 1990. <ref>[http://www.alltime-athletics.com/w_100no.htm All-time women's best 100m]. Alltime Athletics. Retrieved on 2016-05-21.</ref> == Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga == {| {{AchievementTable|Event=yes}} |- |rowspan=3|1993 |rowspan=2|[[1993 African Championships in Athletics|African Championships]] |rowspan=2|[[Durban]], South Africa |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |200 m |23.29 |- |bgcolor=cc9966|3rd |4 × 100 m relay |45.15 |- |[[1993 World Championships in Athletics|World Championships]] |[[Stuttgart]], Germany |5th (semis) |[[1993 World Championships in Athletics – Women's 200 metres|200 m]] |22.76 |} == Amazina y'igihugu == == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Afurika yepfo]] irk1ikmtvrk69o37nyxsv405ra67ytj 0 16428 139240 118486 2026-09-23T07:27:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139240 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mini football game.jpg|thumb|Umupira wamaguru]] {{Infobox Footballeur|nom=Didier Simba-Ekanza|image=|taille image=|légende=|date de naissance={{date|9|août|1969|en football|âge=oui}}|lieu de naissance=|nationalité={{COD-d}} [[République démocratique du Congo|Congolais (RDC)]]|taille={{Taille|m=1.77}}|club actuel=|position=[[Attaquant (football)|Attaquant]]|parcours junior={{deux colonnes | [[1983 en football|1983]]-[[1987 en football|1987]]|{{ZAI-d}} [[AS Vita Club (Kinshasa)|AS Vita Club]]<ref name="Panini">Album Panini Belgique Football 99</ref> }}|parcours senior={{trois colonnes |[[1987 en football|1987]]-[[1992 en football|1992]]|{{ZAI-d}} [[AS Vita Club (Kinshasa)|AS Vita Club]] | ?? (?) |[[1992 en football|1992]]-[[1997 en football|1997]]|{{BEL-d}} [[K Beerschot VAC]] | ?? (?) |[[1997 en football|1997]]-[[2000 en football|2000]]|{{BEL-d}} [[KSK Beveren]] | ?? (?) |[[2000 en football|2000]]-[[2001 en football|2001]]|{{BEL-d}} [[KFC Schoten SK]] | ?? (?) |[[2001 en football|2001]]-[[2003 en football|2003]]|{{nobr|{{ISR-d}} [[Maccabi Petach-Tikva]]}} | ?? (?) |[[2003 en football|2003]]-[[2004 en football|2004]]|{{BEL-d}} [[FCO Beerschot Wilrijk|KFCO Wilrijk]] | ?? (?) }}|sélection nationale={{trois colonnes |[[1992 en football|1992]]-[[1999 en football|1999]]|{{COD football (1997-2003)}}|35 (?) }}}} {| class="infobox_v2 noarchive" | colspan="3" class="entete footballblack" style="background-color:#99cc99;color:#000000;" |Didier Simba-Ekanza |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |Ubuzima |- ! scope="row" |Ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</span> [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congolais (RDC)]] |- ! scope="row" |Amavuko | colspan="2" |<time datetime="1969-08-09" class="nowrap date-lien" data-sort-value="1969-08-09">9 kanama 1969</time> <span class="noprint">(53)</span> <br /><br />[[Kinshasa]] |- ! scope="row" |uuburebure | colspan="2" |1,77 |- ! scope="row" |umwanya | colspan="2" |rutahizamu |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |mu ngimbi |- | style="font-weight: normal;" |'''umwaka''' | colspan=" 2 " |'''ikipe''' |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | |- | class="data" |1983-1987 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Zaire_(1971–1997).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Zaire_(1971–1997).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Zayire]]</span> AS Vita Club<ref name="Panini">Album Panini Belgique Football 99</ref> |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |mu bakuri |- |'''umwaka''' |'''ikipe''' |ib |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#3;" | |- | class="data" |1987-1992 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Zaire_(1971–1997).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Zaire_(1971–1997).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Zayire]]</span> AS Vita Club | class="data" |?? (?) |- | class="data" |1992-1997 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> K Beerschot VAC | class="data" |?? (?) |- | class="data" |1997-2000 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> KSK Beveren | class="data" |?? (?) |- | class="data" |2000-2001 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> KFC Schoten SK | class="data" |?? (?) |- | class="data" |2001-2003 | class="data" |<span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Israel.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Israel.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Isiraheli]]</span> Maccabi Petach-Tikva</span> | class="data" |?? (?) |- | class="data" |2003-2004 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> KFCO Wilrijk | class="data" |?? (?) |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |mu gihugu |- |'''umwaka''' |'''ikipe''' |ib |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#3;" | |- | class="data" |1992-1999 | class="data" |<span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(1997-2003).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo_(1997-2003).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</span> RD Congo</span> | class="data" |35 (?) |} [[Catégorie:Article utilisant une Infobox]] [[Catégorie:Pas d'image locale ni d'image sur Wikidata]] '''Didier Simba-Ekanza''', (yavutse Ku ya 9 Kanama 1969) , ni umukinnyi [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|congo]], wakinnye nka rutahizamu. Usibye ibihe bibiri muri [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]], kuri Maccabi Petach-Tikva, ubuzima bwe bwose yabukoresheje mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]. Yafashwe inshuro 35 mu ikipe y'igihugu kugeza 1999. Didier Simba-Ekanza yarangije umwuga we muri 2004 . == Ubuzima == == Inyandiko == <references /> == amahuza yo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] lyw1q7aikbkpo3ci0yybxprglmsk0ub 0 16611 139181 95365 2026-09-23T03:15:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139181 wikitext text/x-wiki JAPHET is a multitalented international creative standup comedian based in Rwanda whose real names are MAZIMPAKA JAPHET he has been on different big stages across Africa and did his first big comedy special " THE STUPID EXPERIENCE " on 19th feb 2023 and later killed stages of big comedy audiences like Nigeria - lagos, Nairobi - Kenya, etc tlbesrpbsuzduqd4hrju4p4x7oo8e0h 0 16712 139057 122096 2026-09-23T02:24:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139057 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Mary Wambui''' ni umunyakenya uzwi mu mwuga w'ubucuruzi ndetse akaba ari n'umunyapolitiki. Yasimbuye uwahoze ari perezida [[Mwai Kibaki]] nk'umudepite mu Nteko ishinga amategeko kubwa Othaya kandi akora izo nshingano mu gihe cya manda imwe gusa yabaye guhera mu mwaka wa 2013 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2017. <ref>https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017-04-27-othaya-mp-mary-wambui-loses-jubilee-seat-to-gichuki-mugambi/</ref> Wambui yagirizwa kuba yari umugore wa kabiri wa Kibaki nubwo nta gihamya ihari.<ref>Wax, Emily. "New Kenyan Soap Opera: The President's Two Wives." The Washington Post 30 Jan. 2004: A01. The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Web. 27 Oct. 2010. <https://web.archive.org/web/20181116045350/https://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A61727-2004Jan29/?language=printer>.</ref> Umuryango wa Wambui wemezako Mwai yashakanye na Mary mu mwaka 1972 imbere y'amategeko yo mu migenzo ya Kikuyu ndetse ngo bombi banafitanye umwana w'umukobwa, witwa Wangui Mwai. Mu mwaka wa 2004 itangazamakuru ryatangaje ko bivugwako Kibaki afite umugore wa kabiri bashyingiranywe mu mategeko, Mary Wambui, n'umwana wabo w'umukobwa, witwa Wangui Mwai. Nyuma yuko ayo makuru yasakaye hanze, Ibiro bya perezida byasohoye itangazo ridasinyeho rivuga ko umuryango wa Kibaki ugizwe gusa n'umugore we, Lucy n'abana babo bane.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090309184647/http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_2479493,00.html I'm no polygamist - Kibaki] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090309184647/http://www.news24.com/News24/Africa/News/0,,2-11-1447_2479493,00.html|date=2009-03-09}} ''News24''</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2009, Kibaki, aherekejwe n'umugore we Lucy Kibaki, batumije ikiganiro bari kumwe n'itangazamakuru bagirango bahamirize isi ko afite umugore umwe rukumbi.<ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Kibaki: I have only one wife |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSlTW8mjirs |url-status=live |access-date=2010-06-01 |publisher=YouTube}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}</ref> Mu kiganiro hamwe n'igitangazamakuru cyitwa ''The Standard'' cyanditswe ku ya 5 Mata 2007, Winnie yavuze ko we na Artur Margaryan, ukekwaho kuba ari [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] ukomoka muri [[Arumeniya]], bagamije kuzashyingiranwa mu gihe cy'ahazaza. <ref>https://nation.africa/kenya/news/margaryan-is-the-love-of-my-life-by-winnie-531944</ref> Mu kiganiro aherutse kugirana n’itangazamakuru ryo muri [[Kenya]], Wambui yavuze ko afite abana batanu ariko yanze gutangaza amazina yabo bana.  == Ibyo Yakoze == Mary Wambui Mungai yari umuyobozi w'ikigo gishinzwe itumanaho muri Kenya, aho yorohewe cyane mu rubanza yarafite ubwo u rukiko nyuma yuko umucamanza yemereye abashinjacyaha gukuraho urubanza rwa miliyari 2 nigice . Ibi byabaye nyuma y ukwezi nyuma y’ubushinjacyaha ( nka DPP) ahagaritse kandi urundi rubanza ruregwamo Madamu Mungai rurimo gutunga intwaro ndetse n’amasasu mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko . Ndetse Kwamamaza Yinjiye mu rutonde rwagutse rw’ibikorwa bya guverinoma, ndetse imanza zari inshinjabyaha zaje gusenyutse mu bihe byari byashize .<ref>https://www.businessdailyafrica.com/bd/economy/haji-halts-tax-evasion-case-against-ca-chair--4081912</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuntu]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyafrica]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyamategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]] ktou6gjsa2lp6nmwqt7ej2zon5qoz40 0 16738 139266 133569 2026-09-23T07:33:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:1,000 Tanzanian shillings banknote 2011 - obverse.jpg|thumb|amafaranga yama tanzaniya]] '''Amashiringi''' ya Tanzaniya (mu magambo ahinnye: '''TSh''' cyangwa code '''TZS''' ) ni ifaranga rya Tanzaniya. Ikaba Igabanijwemo amafaranga 100. Amashiringi ya Tanzaniya yasimbuye [[Amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba|amashiringi yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba]] ku ya 14 Kamena 1966. == Icyitonderwa == Ibiciro cyama shilingi ya Tanzaniya byanditswe muburyo bwa x/y, aho x ari amafaranga ari hejuru ya shilingi 1, mugihe y ari amafaranga. Ikimenyetso kingana na hyphen byerekana umubare wa zero. urugero amafaranga 50 yanditswe angana na shilingi 100. Rimwe na rimwe, impine ya mashilingi ni TSh ishyirwa imbere kugirango bitandukane. Niba umubare wanditse ukoresheje amagambo kimwe numubare, gusa (urugero bandika TSh 10 miliyoni). Iki gishushanyo cyagereranijwe kuri siterilingi, aho amafaranga yanditswe muburyo bumwe bwa amapawundi (£), amashilingi (s), na amapence (d). Muri iyo nyandiko, amafaranga ari munsi yama pawundi yanditswe gusa muri shilingi na pence. == Ibiceri == [[Dosiye:200_tz_shillings_front.jpg|thumb|200/ ibinyuranye]] Muri 1966, ibiceri byatangijwe bi menyekana nka -/ , -/ , -/ na -/ na 1/ , hamwe na -/ biri mu muringa, -/ muri nikel-umuringa (umuringa-nikel -zinke) hamwe na - / 50 na 1 / = muri kupro-nikel. Igikombe-nikel 5/ ibiceri byatangijwe muri 1972, bikurikirwa na nikel-y'umuringa -/ muri 1977. Ibi biceri byambere byashyizweho, bikwirakwizwa kuva muri 1966 kugeza muri 1984, ibyo byose byakozwe na Christopher Ironside OBE. <ref name="bot-tz">{{Cite web |title=Bank of Tanzania: Banking Operations - Currency Museum: Coins |url=http://www.bot-tz.org/bankingoperations/currency/coins.asp |access-date=2015-09-03 |publisher=bot-tz.org |archive-date=2009-06-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090601201821/http://www.bot-tz.org/BankingOperations/Currency/coins.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 1987, icyuma gikozwe muri nikel cyasimbuye igikombe-nikel muri -/ na 1/ , maze hashyirwaho igikombe-nikel 5/ na 10/ iyi biceri, bifite 5/ dekagonale. Muri 1990, hashyizweho nikel yambaye ibyuma 5/ , 10/ na 20/ , hakurikiraho ibiceri bikozwe mu muringa 100/ muri 1993, 50/ muri 1996 na misiri-nikel-zinc 200/ muri 1998. Ibiceri bikunze kuzenguruka ni 50/ , 100/ , 200/ , na 500/ . Igiceri 500/ cyatanzwe ku ya 8 Nzeri 2014. <ref name="bot2">{{Cite web |title=Image: IMG-20140907-WA0006.jpg, (960 × 1280 px) |url=http://www.bot.go.tz/Adverts/PressRelease/IMG-20140907-WA0006.jpg |access-date=2015-09-03 |publisher=bot.go.tz |archive-date=2015-09-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193847/http://www.bot.go.tz/Adverts/PressRelease/IMG-20140907-WA0006.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inoti == Ku ya 14 Kamena 1966, Benki Ya Tanzaniya ( Banki ya Tanzaniya ) yazanye inoti ya 5/ , 10/ , 20/ na 100/ . Inoti 5/ yasimbuwe nigiceri mu 1972. Inoti 50/ zatangijwe mu 1985, zikurikirwa na 200/ muri 1986, 500/ muri 1989 na 1,000/ muri 1990. Inoti 10/ , 20/ , 50/ na 100/ zasimbuwe n'ibiceri mu 1987, 1990, 1996 na 1994. 5,000/ na 10,000/ inoti zatangijwe mu 1995, zikurikirwa na 2000 / = muri 2003. Urukurikirane rushya rw'inoti rwasohotse muri 2011. Izi nyandiko nshya zirimo ibintu byinshi byumutekano birinda impimbano. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151029205825/http://banknotenews.com/files/5396d76d4ec01aed72fea11b03d38671-1377.php Tanzania new note family confirmed] BanknoteNews.com. Retrieved 2011-10-22.</ref> <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120405164844/http://thecitizen.co.tz/magazines/-/6750-expect-nothing-but-the-best-money-printing-firm-tells-dar] ''The Citizen''. Retrieved 2011-10-22.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="12" |Urukurikirane rwa kera |- ! colspan="2" | Ishusho ! rowspan="2" | Agaciro ! rowspan="2" | Ibipimo ! rowspan="2" | Ibara rikuru ! colspan="3" | Ibisobanuro ! rowspan="2" | Itariki yatangarijwe |- ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Ikimenyetso cy'amazi |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:Tzs-10-note-front.jpg|95x95px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:Tzs-10-note-back.jpg|95x95px]] | 10/ | - | Icyatsi | [[Julius Nyerere]] | Urwibutso rwa Arusha | rowspan="3" | Giraffe | rowspan="3" | - |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:Tzs-20-note-front.jpg|100x100px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:Tzs-20-note-back.jpg|98x98px]] | 20/ | - | Ubururu | [[Julius Nyerere]] | Rusange Tire Igiti cya Afrika yuburasirazuba |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:Tzs-100-note-front.jpg|108x108px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:Tzs-100-note-back.jpg|108x108px]] | 100/ | - | Umutuku | [[Julius Nyerere]] | [[Abamasayi|Maasayi]] |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="9" |Urukurikirane rwa 1997 <ref name="bot">{{Cite web |title=Bank of Tanzania Historical Notes |url=https://www.bot-tz.org/BankingOperations/Currency/CurrencyMuseum.asp |access-date=2015-07-05 |website=bot |publisher=Bank of Tanzania |archive-date=2013-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130119195255/http://www.bot-tz.org/BankingOperations/Currency/CurrencyMuseum.asp |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" | Ishusho ! rowspan="2" | Agaciro ! rowspan="2" | Ibipimo ! rowspan="2" | Ibara rikuru ! colspan="2" | Ibisobanuro ! rowspan="2" | Itariki yatangarijwe ! rowspan="2" | Ikimenyetso cy'amazi |- ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/TAN/TAN0030.htm] | 500 / = (Shilingi Mia Tano) | 138 x 69 mm | Icyatsi | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; Giraffe ; Zebra | Gusarura isuka; Uhuru Torch | rowspan="2" | 1997 | rowspan="5" | Giraffe |- | [http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/TAN/TAN0031.htm] | 1000 / = (Shillingi Elfu Moja) | 142 x 71 mm | Umutuku | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; Giraffe ; Inzovu nyafurika | Ikirombe cya Kiwira; Urugi rwa Banki yabaturage ya Zanzibar |- | [http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/TAN/TAN0034.htm] | 1000 / = (Shilingi Elfu Moja) | 142 x 71 mm | Umutuku | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; [[Julius Nyerere]] ; Inzovu nyafurika | Ikirombe cya Kiwira; Urugi rwa Banki yabaturage ya Zanzibar | rowspan="1" | 2000 |- | [http://www.banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/TAN/TAN0032.htm] | 5000 / = (Shillingi Elfu Tano) | 145 x 73 mm | Umutuku | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; Giraffe ; Rhino | Giraffes ; [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro|Mt Kilimanjaro]] | rowspan="2" | 1997 |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/TAN/TAN0044.htm] | 10,000 / = (Shilingi Elfu Kumi) | 149 x 75 mm | Indigo | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; Giraffe ; [[Intare]] | Banki ya Tanzaniya ; "Inzu y'igitangaza" (Zanzibar) |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="12" |Urukurikirane rwa 2003 [https://web.archive.org/web/20130118042704/http://www.bot-tz.org/BankingOperations/Currency/currencyInCirculation.asp] |- ! colspan="2" | Ishusho ! rowspan="2" | Agaciro ! rowspan="2" | Ibipimo ! rowspan="2" | Ibara rikuru ! colspan="3" | Ibisobanuro ! rowspan="2" | Itariki yatangarijwe |- ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Ikimenyetso cy'amazi |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:500_tz_shillings_front.jpg|95x95px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:500_tz_shillings_back.jpg|95x95px]] | 500/ | 130 × 63 mm | Icyatsi | Buffalo nyafurika | Inzu ya Nkrumah, Kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam | rowspan="5" | Giraffe | rowspan="5" | 2003 |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:1000_tz_shillings_front.jpg|100x100px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:1000_tz_shillings_back.jpg|98x98px]] | 1,000/ | 135 × 66 mm | Ubururu | [[Julius Nyerere]] | Inzu ya Leta, Dar es Salaam |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:2000_tz_shillings_front.jpg|101x101px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:2000_tz_shillings_back.jpg|101x101px]] | 2,000/ | 140 × 69 mm | Icunga-umukara | [[Intare]], [[Umusozi wa Kilimanjaro]] | Igihome gishaje, Umujyi wa Kibuye, Zanzibar |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:5000_tz_shillings_front.jpg|104x104px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:5000_tz_shillings_back.jpg|104x104px]] | 5,000/ | 145 × 72 mm | Umutuku | Inkeri z'umukara | Geita zahabu Mine n'inzu y'ibitangaza Zanzibar |- | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:10000_tz_shillings_front.jpg|108x108px]] | align="center" bgcolor="#ffffff" |[[Dosiye:10000_tz_shillings_back.jpg|108x108px]] | 10,000/ | 150 × 75 mm | Umutuku | [[Inzovu]] | Icyicaro gikuru cya Banki ya Tanzaniya i Dar es Salaam |- |} === Kugeza ubu === {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="10" |Urukurikirane rwa 2011 <ref name="banknotenews">{{Cite web |title=Tanzania new note family confirmed &#124; Africa &#124; Banknote News |url=http://banknotenews.com/files/5396d76d4ec01aed72fea11b03d38671-1377.php |access-date=2015-09-03 |publisher=banknotenews.com |archive-date=2015-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151029205825/http://banknotenews.com/files/5396d76d4ec01aed72fea11b03d38671-1377.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! colspan="2" | Ishusho ! rowspan="2" | Indangagaciro ! rowspan="2" | Ibipimo ! rowspan="2" | Ibara rikuru ! colspan="2" | Ibisobanuro ! rowspan="2" | Itariki yatangarijwe ! rowspan="2" | Itariki yikibazo cya mbere ! rowspan="2" | Ikimenyetso cy'amazi |- ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma |- |[[Dosiye:TZSn00500v.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] |[[Dosiye:TZSn00500r.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | 500/ | 120 x 60&nbsp;mm | Icyatsi | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; Sheikh Abeid Amani Karume | Inyubako ya salle nkuru ya kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam; abanyeshuri barangije bambaye ingofero namakanzu; Inkoni ya Aesculap | rowspan="5" | 2011 | rowspan="5" | 1 Mutarama 2010 | Julius Kambarage Nyerere hamwe na electrotype 500 |- |[[Dosiye:TZSn01000v.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] |[[Dosiye:TZSn01000r.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | 1,000/ | 125 x 65&nbsp;mm | Ubururu | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; Perezida Julius Kambarage Nyerere; Bismarck Urutare muri Mwanza Harbour | Ikawa; Inyubako ya Leta (Ikulu) ifite ibendera muri Dar es Salaam | Julius Kambarage Nyerere hamwe na electrotype 1000 |- |[[Dosiye:TZSn02000v.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] |[[Dosiye:TZSn02000r.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | 2,000/ | 130 x 66&nbsp;mm | Icunga | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; [[Intare]] | Ibiti by'imikindo; igihome cya kera cya Arabiya Arabiya (Ngome Kongwe) mu mujyi wa Zanzibar; ikibaho | Julius Kambarage Nyerere hamwe na electrotype 2000 |- |[[Dosiye:TZSn05000v.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] |[[Dosiye:TZSn05000r.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | 5,000/ | 135 x 67&nbsp;mm | Umutuku | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; igihingwa; inkeri z'umukara | Cyanid Leaching igihingwa cya zahabu ya Geita | Julius Kambarage Nyerere hamwe na electrotype 5000 |- |[[Dosiye:TZSn10000v.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] |[[Dosiye:TZSn10000r.jpg|center|frameless|150x150px]] | 10,000/ | 140 x 68&nbsp;mm | Umutuku | Ikirango cya Tanzaniya ; [[Inzovu]] | Indabyo; Inyubako yicyicaro gikuru cya Banki ya Tanzaniya i Dar es Salaam | Julius Kambarage Nyerere hamwe na electrotype 10000 |- |} == Reba kandi == * Ubukungu bwa Tanzaniya * Uganda shilingi * Shilingi == Reba == '''Inyandiko'''{{Reflist}}'''Inkomoko'''   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190920094153/https://www.bot.go.tz/BankingOperations/Currency/currencyInCirculation.asp Urupapuro rwa Banki ya Tanzaniya ku kuzenguruka inoti] * [http://www.bis-ans-ende-der-welt.net/Tansania-B-En.htm Inoti za Tanzaniya] * [https://banknotenews.com/?p=18765] {{In lang|en|de|fr}} [[Ikiciro:Amafaranga]] 2ewfkhkf9l74dwcffsedt8u9f509t7q 0 16740 139389 108834 2026-09-23T09:11:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139389 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Foreign_tourist_days_in_Djibouti.png|right|thumb| Iminsi y'ubukerarugendo bw'amahanga muri Djibouti, 2013]] '''Ubukerarugendo muri [[Jibuti|Djibouti]]''' ni bumwe mu nzego z’ubukungu zigenda ziyongera mu gihugu ndetse ni inganda zitanga abantu bagera ku 53,000 na 73,000 ku mwaka, hamwe n’inyanja n’ikirere cyiza ndetse hakaba harimo n'ibirwa n’inyanja mu kigobe cya Tadjoura na Bab al-Mandab. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Djibouti's enormous tourism potential attracting more attention |url=https://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/radar-country%E2%80%99s-immense-potential-getting-more-attention |access-date= |publisher=oxfordbusinessgroup |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008145808/https://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/radar-country%E2%80%99s-immense-potential-getting-more-attention |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibikorwa nyamukuru by'ubukerarugendo harimo ni umukino wo kwibira mu mazi, kuroba, gutembera urugendo rw'amaguru ahantu kure no gutembera muzamuka imisozi, kuvumbura inzira y'imuka, kureba inyoni, n'izuba, inyanja n'umucanga. [[Dosiye:Djiboutian Air Force helicopters on display at Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport.jpg|thumb|271x271px|'''Djiboutian Air Force helicopters on display at Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport.jpg''']] == Incamake == [[Dosiye:View_of_Ali_Sabieh.JPG|right|thumb| Umujyi wa Ali Sabieh, n'imisozi iri kure itukura]] I Goubbet-al-Kharab, hafi y’impera y’iburengerazuba y’ikigobe cya Tadjoura, hari imisozi ihanamye hamwe n'inyanja yahindutse icyatsi kibisi ndetse na lava yirabura. Umubare w'ibirunga bikora biherereye imbere mu gihugu kuva hano. Ikindi gikurura ba mukerarugendo ni Parike y’umunsi y’amashyamba yo kubungabunga ibiti bidasanzwe ku musozi wa Goda. Hafi y'umujyi wa Ali Sabieh hari imisozi itukura izwi cyane na parike y'igihugu yuzuye gazel nyinshi. <ref name="ne">{{Cite web |title=Djibouti: Tourism, travel, and recreation |url=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Africa/Djibouti-TOURISM-TRAVEL-AND-RECREATION.html |access-date=2008-06-05 |publisher=Nations Encyclopedia}}</ref> Ibibaya byo ku nkombe, imisozi miremire, n'ibibaya by'ibirunga byo mu gihugu bikora bigaragaza ahantu neza. Bimwe mu bikurura ahantu nyaburanga harimo Ingoro ya Perezida, Isoko ryo hagati, Ibirwa bya Maskali, Ikirwa cya Moucha, Ikiyaga cya Abbe n'Ikiyaga cya Assal. Inkombe za Djibouti zifite inkombe nyinshi z'inyanja zikunze gukaraba izuba hamwe n'abandi bashyitsi. Guverinoma ya Djiboutian, imaze kubona ubushobozi bw'iterambere mu ubukerarugendo bw’igihugu, yafashe ingamba zitandukanye kuribyo urugero, uburyo ntarengwa bworohereza ishoramari ry’amahanga mu bikorwa remezo by’ubukerarugendo. Batanze uburenganzi ku bubaka amahoteri no ku bubaka imihanda yujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga.  == Amabwiriza == Inganda z’ubukerarugendo muri Djibouti zigengwa na Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’ubukerarugendo. <ref name="Ghdx">{{Cite web |title=National Directorate of Statistics, Ministry of Commerce and Tourism (Djibouti) |url=http://ghdx.healthdata.org/organizations/national-directorate-statistics-ministry-commerce-and-tourism-djibouti |access-date=24 December 2014 |publisher=GHDx}}</ref> Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe ubukerarugendo (UNWTO) uvuga ko buri mwaka ba mukerarugendo basura iki gihugu batazwi. Icyakora, ubukerarugendo mpuzamahanga bwinjije miliyoni 21 z'amadorari mu mwaka wa 2012. <ref name="Uthtfe">{{Cite web |title=UNWTO Tourism Highlights, 2014 Edition |url=http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights14_en.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150214004935/http://dtxtq4w60xqpw.cloudfront.net/sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_highlights14_en.pdf |archive-date=14 February 2015 |access-date=24 December 2014 |publisher=UNWTO}}</ref> == Kugera mu gihugu == [[Dosiye:Mouchisldjib.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Reba ku kirwa cya Moucha .]] Nk’uko imibare y'Ibiro by'igihugu bishinzwe ubukerarugendo muri Djibouti (ONTD) ibigaragaza, hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’abashyitsi, cyangwa 48%, baturutse [[Ubufaransa|mu Bufaransa]], 21% bakaba baraturutse mu bindi [[Burayi|bihugu by’Uburayi]]. Itsinda rya gatatu rinini ryaturutse mu bihugu byegereye inkombe. Abashyitsi baturutse muri [[Afurika]] bangana na 6% gusa, benshi muribo bakomoka muri [[Etiyopiya]]. Hanyuma, abashyitsi baturutse muri [[Aziya]] no [[Amerika ya Ruguru|muri Amerika ya ruguru]] bangana n'ijanisha rito riri kuri 5% na 3%. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=Djibouti's enormous tourism potential attracting more attention |url=https://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/radar-country%E2%80%99s-immense-potential-getting-more-attention |access-date= |publisher=oxfordbusinessgroup |archive-date=2020-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201008145808/https://www.oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/radar-country%E2%80%99s-immense-potential-getting-more-attention |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibikurura == [[Dosiye:The_People's_Palace,_Djibouti_City.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Ingoro y'Abaturage.]] [[Dosiye:Camel_tibs_in_Djibouti.jpg|thumb|200x200px| Dromedary Tibs <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 May 2014 |title=Dromedary or Camel Tibs in Djibouti Restaurants |url=http://meltingpotdj.com/menu/ |access-date=28 February 2017 |website=Melting Pot Restaurant Djibouti}}</ref> ifunguro ritangwa muri resitora i Djibouti.]] Djibouti ifite ibyiza nyaburanga byinshi bikurura abantu, bigizwe n’ahantu h'amateka, Parike y’igihugu, inyanja n’imisozi. === Ahantu nyaburanga === * Umujyi wa Djibouti - Ingoro yabaturage * Umujyi wa Djibouti - Rue Venice * Umujyi wa Djibouti - Ingoro ya Perezida === Umunsi wa Pariki y'igihugu y'ishyamba === [[Dosiye:Randa_Mountain_Side.png|right|thumb|200x200px| Hafi ya Randa .]] Umunsi wa Pariki y'igihugu y'ishyamba washyizweho mu mwaka wi 1939, urinda imisozi ya Goda. kandi nk'ishyamba rinini muri Djibouti. === Ibiryo === Djibouti ifite resitora nyinshi zizwi zitanga ibiryo gakondo kuri ba mukerarugendo. <ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/africa/djibouti-the-heat-is-on-126302.html</ref> === Ahantu h'amateka === * Tadjoura - Korijib ni umwe mu misigiti ya kera mu ihembe rya Afurika. * Umujyi wa Djibouti - Umusigiti Mukuru wa Hamoudi. * Loyada - Inyanja n'ibiti by'imikindo, hamwe n'imva z'abayobozi bakomeye b'amateka mu karere. === Inkombe === [[Dosiye:07_khor_ambado.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Khor Ambado ku nkombe.]] * Siesta Beach - Umujyi wa Djibouti * Inyanja Itukura - Hafi ya Obock * Khor Ambado - Hafi y'Umujyi wa Djibouti * Le Sable Blanc - Tadjoura * Heron Beach - Umujyi wa Djibouti === Imisozi === * Imisozi ya Goda * Umusozi wa Arrei * Umusozi wa Mabla * Garbi === Ibirwa === * Ikirwa cya Moucha * Ibirwa bya Maskali * Ibirwa birindwi by'abavandimwe [[Dosiye:Abbe-8.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px| Ikiyaga cya Abbe .]] === Ibiyaga by'umunyu === * Ikiyaga cya Abbe * Ikiyaga cya Assal == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] 1bsp29l5gnbgtu65ulic9uzicbvytur 0 16747 139451 110322 2026-09-23T09:46:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139451 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Swazis_dancing_in_a_cultural_village_show_in_Eswatini,_2006.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Abaswazi babyina mu gitaramo cy'umuco]] [[Dosiye:Traditional Swazi Women 01.jpg|thumb|375x375px|abagore bo muri eswatini]] '''Ubukerarugendo muri [[Eswatini]]''' n'inganda zabuhiriye ziraguka. Benshi mu bakerarugendo basura Eswatini bahagera bakoresheje umuhanda uva muri Afurika y'Epfo. Inganda z’ubukerarugendo muri Eswatini zateye imbere mugihe cya apartheid (muri Afurika y'Epfo aho abirabura ndetse n'abantu bo mu yandi moko batari bafite uburenganzira bwa politiki n'ubukungu nk'abazungu ndetse bahatirwa kubaho mu buryo butandukanye nubw'abazungu.) muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] kandi ibyo byagize uruhare runini mugukurura abamukerarugendo. Kuva ivanguramoko rirangira, Eswatini yashimangiye umuco gakondo nk'ubukerarugendo. == Mu igihe cy'ivanguramoko == Iyemezwa ry'ivanguramoko muri Afurika y'Epfo ndetse n'intambara y'abenegihugu muri [[Mozambike]] byagize uruhare mu kwiyambaza Eswatini nk'ahantu hashobora kubera ubukerarugendo mu majyepfo y'Afurika. Ibi byatumye ubukerarugendo butera imbere muri Eswatini kuva mu myaka ya za 1960 kugeza 1990. <ref name="tmag">https://mg.co.za/article/2004-04-14-swazi-tourism-looks-to-the-future/</ref> Mugihe cya apartheid muri Afrika yepfo, Eswatini yakuruye abashyitsi benshi kubera gufata politiki zitandukanye kurusha Afrika yepfo. Ba mukerarugendo benshi basuye Eswatini muri kiriya gihe bari bafite uburyo bwo gukurikirana porogaramu za televiziyo cyangwa imikino ya siporo batashoboraga kubona muri Afurika y'Epfo. <ref name="Harrison">https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/19921896887;jsessionid=5391C4D90CD1EB3AF8F3380B812C6B9C</ref> Mu gihe cy'ivanguramoko muri Afurika y'Epfo, Eswatini yemeye umukino w'urusimbi muburyo bwemewe bwo gukurura ba mukerarugendo ibyobituma ubukungu bwiyongera cyane. <ref name="Wachowiak2006">https://books.google.rw/books?id=IdLHAt9H8Q4C&pg=PA256&redir_esc=y</ref> [[Dosiye:Mlilwane.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px| Ikiyaga gifite imvubu mu cyanya cya Mlilwane]] Umubare wa ba mukerarugendo basuye Eswatini wavuye kuri 89,015 mu mwaka wa 1972 ugera kuri 257,997 mu mwaka wa 1989. Mu mwaka wa 1988 ubukerarugendo bwari 3 ku ijana by'Umusaruro rusange (GDP) bya Eswatini ndetse binjya hejuru ya 4 ku ijana ku ibyoherezwa mu mahanga. Nubwo ingofero gakondo ya Eswatini yakunze kuvugwa nkikintu gikurura ba mukerarugendo, ubukerarugendo nabwo bwashimiwe ko bwatumye muri Eswatini hatera imbere.<ref name="Harrison"/> Nubwo ubukerarugendo bugaragara ko bwiyongera muri Eswatini bivugwa ko ari byo byatumye uburaya bwiyongera, nubwo nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko uburaya bwagize uruhare mu kuzamura inganda z’ubukerarugendo muri Eswatini. Ubwiyongere bw'ubukerarugendo bwatumye mubuce bwaberagamo uburaya muri Eswatini buva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro bujya mu ma hoteri.<ref name="Harrison2">{{Cite journal|pages=435–443}}</ref> == Nyuma y’ivanguramoko == [[Dosiye:Baobab batik, handicraft market Matsapha, Eswatini.jpg|thumb|352x352px|ubugeni bwo muri eswatini]] Nyuma y’ivanguramoko muri Afurika yepfo no gusoza intambara y’abenegihugu ya Mozambike byatumye abaturanyi bayo bashimishwa n’ubukerarugendo, bituma ubwiyongere bw’inganda z’ubukerarugendo muri Eswatini bugabanuka.Benshi mu bakerarugendo basura Eswatini batembera hagati ya Mozambike na Afurika y'Epfo. Ba mukerarugendo benshi barara ijoro rimwe gusa kandi abashyitsi benshi bafata ingendo z'umunsi gusa mu gihugu. [[Dosiye:Tower Hamlets in Greater London.svg|thumb]] Bitewe no kubura izindi nganda zikomeye, ubukerarugendo bubonwa na benshi muri Eswatini nk'isoko rishobora kuzamuka mu bukungu. Kuva yashingwa mu mwaka wa 2003, Ikigo cy’ubukerarugendo cya Eswatini cyashimangiye ko Eswatini ari ubwami bwa nyuma bwa Afurika yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Ibirori nk'umunsi mukuru w'ibwami wa Incwala ufatwa nkibibanza bishobora guteza imbere ubukerarugendo. Bagerageje kandi gukurura ba mukerarugendo muri parike yimikino ya Swaziland. Mu mwaka wa 2006 Eswatini yasinyanye amasezerano ya Route ya Lubombo hamwe na Afrika yepfo na Mozambike. Amasezerano yemereye ba mukerarugendo gutembera mu bihugu bitatu bafite visa imwe. <ref name="tio">https://www.iol.co.za/news/africa/sa-signs-tourism-pact-with-mozambique-276714</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230608072500/http://welcometoswaziland.com/ Ikigo gishinzwe ubukerarugendo cya Swaziland] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] 6kbyk43w1vwbxgi82rsyymborhhp2gk 0 16749 139182 113356 2026-09-23T03:16:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:10CentsUganda.PNG|thumb|Ishillingi rya Uganda]] [[Dosiye:The only option was to hang money on a line to save it.jpg|thumb|amafaranga yamagande]] '''Amashiringi''' ( amagambo ahinnye ni '''USh''' cyangwa se '''UGX''' ) nifaranga rya [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Kugabanwa kumugaragaro kugeza k'umafaranga kugeza muri 2013, kubera amafaranga menshi i shilingi ubu ntiragabanuka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UGX (Ugandan Shilling) Definition and History |url=https://www.investopedia.com/terms/forex/u/ugx-uganda-shilling.asp}}</ref> == Icyitonderwa == [[Dosiye:038_35_Kisoro,_2000_constructed_under_swTws_Project_(7928190604).jpg|thumb| Injira muri Kisoro hamwe n'ibiciro biri mu mashilingi ya Uganda; andika ikoreshwa rya '/ =' ikimenyetso.]] Ibiciro muri shilingi ya Uganda byanditswe muburyo bwa x/y, aho x ari amafaranga muri shilingi, mugihe y ari amafaranga. Ikimenyetso kingana cyangwa hypheni byerekana umubare wa zero. Ku rugero, amafaranga 50 yanditswe nka " -/ " na shilingi 100 nka " 100/ " cyangwa "100 / -". Rimwe na rimwe, impfunyapfunyo ''USh'' ibanzirizwa gutandukanya. Niba umubare wanditse ukoresheje amagambo kimwe n'umubare, gusa iribazwa rikoreshwa (urugero miliyoni USh 10). Iki gishushanyo cyagereranijwe kuri siterling aho amafaranga yanditswe muburyo bumwe bwa mapawundi (£), shilingi (s), na pence (d). Muri iyo nyandiko, amafaranga ari munsi ya mapawundi yanditswe gusa muri shilingi na pence. == Amateka == Amashiringi ya mbere ya Uganda (UGS) yasimbuye [[Amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba|amashiringi yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba]] muri 1966. Nyuma y’ifaranga ryinshi, i shilingi rinshya rya (UGX) yatangijwe muri 1987 ifite agaciro ka shilingi 100. Ubusanzwe i shilingi ni ifaranga rihamye kandi ryiganje mubikorwa byinshi byimari muri Uganda, bifite isoko ryivunjisha ryiza cyane hamwe no gukwirakwizwa gake. [[Amadolari y'Amerika|Amadolari ya Amerika]] nayo aremewe cyane. Sterling no kwiyongera amayero nayo arakoreshwa. Banki nkuru ya Uganda yagabanije igipimo cyayo cya 22% ku ya 1 Gashyantare 2012 nyuma yo kugabanuka kw'ifaranga mu mezi 3 yikurikiranya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda shilling little changed but seen weakening |url=https://news.yahoo.com/uganda-shilling-little-changed-seen-weakening-104203330.html |access-date=2012-02-13 |publisher=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> == Ibiceri == === Shilingi ya mbere === Muri 1966, ibiceri byatangijwe mu madini ya -/ , -/ , -/ na -/ na 1/ na 2/ . Ibiceri -/ , -/ na -/ byakubiswe mu muringa, hamwe n’amadini yo hejuru yakozwe muri cupro-nikel. Amashiringi 2 yatanzwe muri uwo mwaka gusa. Muri 1972, hasohotse ibiceri bya cupro-nikel, 5-shilingi ariko bivanwa mu kuzenguruka none ni gake cyane. Muri 1976, icyuma gikozwe mu muringa cyasimbuye umuringa muri 5- na 10-cent naho icyuma-nikel gikozwe mu cyuma cyasimbuye cupro-nikel muri 50-cent ku 1-shilingi. Muri 1986, hasohotse igiceri cya nikel-icyuma cya 50-cent na 1-shilingi, ibiceri by'anyuma bya shilingi ya mbere. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="8" |Igiceri cya mbere cya shilingi |- ! Ishusho ! Agaciro ! Ibigize ! Diameter ! Ibiro ! Umubyimba ! Impande ! Yatanzwe |- style="text-align:center" |[[Dosiye:5CentsUganda.PNG|100x100px]] | -/ | umuringa | 20&nbsp;mm | 3.21&nbsp;g | 1.38 mm | Byoroheje | 1966–1975 |- style="text-align:center" | | -/ | umuringa | 20&nbsp;mm | 3.21&nbsp;g | 1.2&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 1976 |- style="text-align:center" |[[Dosiye:10CentsUganda.PNG|100x100px]] | -/ | umuringa | 25&nbsp;mm | 5&nbsp;g | 1.5&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 1966–1975 |- style="text-align:center" | | -/ | umuringa | 25&nbsp;mm | 4.5&nbsp;g | 1.5&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 1976 |- style="text-align:center" |[[Dosiye:20CentsUganda.PNG|100x100px]] | -/ | umuringa | 28&nbsp;mm | 9.76&nbsp;g | 2.07&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 1966–1974 |- style="text-align:center" | | -/ | nikel | 22&nbsp;mm | 4.60&nbsp;g | 1.5&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 1966–1974 |- style="text-align:center" | | -/ | umuringa-nikel | 22&nbsp;mm | 4&nbsp;g | 1.5&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 1976 |- style="text-align:center" | | 1/ | nikel | 25.5&nbsp;mm | 6.50&nbsp;g | 1.5&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 1966–1975 |- style="text-align:center" | | 1/ | umuringa-nikel | 25.5&nbsp;mm | 6.50&nbsp;g | 1.5&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 1976 |- style="text-align:center" |[[Dosiye:2ChelinesUganda.PNG|200x200px]] | 2/ | nikel | 30&nbsp;mm | 11.7&nbsp;g | 1.5&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 1976 |- style="text-align:center" | | 5/ | nikel | 30&nbsp;mm (heptagonal) | 13.5&nbsp;g | 2&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 1976 |} === Amashiringi ya kabiri === Muri 1987, hashyizweho ibiceri bikozwe mu muringa 1/ na 2/ hamwe n’ibyuma bitagira umuyonga 5/ na 10/ ibiceri, hamwe na 5/ na 10/ bigoramye-bingana na hepatagonale muri ubwo buryo. Muri 1998, hatangijwe ibiceri bya 50/ , 100/ , 200/ na 500/ . Amadini azenguruka ubu ni 50/ , 100/ , 200/ , 500/ , na 1,000/ . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Currency – Bank of Uganda |url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bouwebsite/BankingandCurrency/currency.html |website=www.bou.or.ug |publisher=Bank of Uganda |access-date=2023-06-06 |archive-date=2020-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001150536/https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bouwebsite/BankingandCurrency/currency.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="9" |Igiceri cya kabiri cya shilingi |- ! Ishusho ! Agaciro ! Ibigize ! Igishushanyo mbonera ! Diameter ! Ibiro ! Umubyimba ! Impande ! Yatanzwe |- style="text-align:center" | | 50/ | Icyuma cya Nikel | rowspan="3" | Ankole-Watusi | 21&nbsp;mm | 3.9&nbsp;g | 1.8&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 1998–2015 |- style="text-align:center" | | rowspan="2" | 100/ | Nikeri | 27&nbsp;mm | 7&nbsp;g | 1.73&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 1998–2008 |- style="text-align:center" | | Icyuma cya Nikel | 27&nbsp;mm | 6.6&nbsp;g | 1.73&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 2007–2019 |- style="text-align:center" | | rowspan="2" | 200/ | Nikeri | rowspan="2" | Nil perch | 25&nbsp;mm | 8.5&nbsp;g | 2.05&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 1998–2003 |- style="text-align:center" | | Nickel -Icyuma | 25&nbsp;mm | 7.25&nbsp;g | 2.05&nbsp;mm | Byoroheje | 2007–2019 |- style="text-align:center" | | 500/ | [[Aluminiyumu|Aluminium]] - umuringa | rowspan="2" | Umusambi yambitswe ikamba rya Afrika yuburasirazuba | 23.5&nbsp;mm | 9&nbsp;g | 2.9&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 1998–2019 |- style="text-align:center" | | 1,000/ | Nik-Metallic nikel-umuringa washyizweho nikel hagati muri nikel - impeta yumuringa | 27&nbsp;mm | 10.25&nbsp;g | 3&nbsp;mm | Urubingo | 2012 |} == Inoti == === Shilingi ya mbere === Muri 1966, Banki nkuru ya Uganda yazanye inoti mu nkiya : 5/ , 10/ , 20/ na 100/ . Muri 1973, inoti 50/ zatangijwe, zikurikirwa na 500/ na 1,000/ muri 1983 na 5,000/ muri 1985. === Amashiringi ya kabiri === Muri 1987, inoti zatangijwe mu ifaranga rishya mu kuyerekana nka: ya 5/ , 10/ , 20/ , 50/ , 100/ na 200/ . Muri 1991, hiyongereyeho inoti 500/ na 1,000/ , zikurikirwa na 5,000/ muri 1993, 10,000/ mu 1995, 20,000/ muri 1999, 50,000/ muri hari 2003 na 2,000/ muri 2010. Inoti ziriho ubu ni 1.000 / , 2000 / , 5,000/ , 10,000/ , 20,000/ na 50,000/ . Muri 2005, Banki nkuru ya Uganda yatekerezaga niba gusimbuza inoti zifite agaciro gake nka 1,000/ n'ibiceri. Inyandiko zo hasi zifata inkoni mu mikoreshereze ya buri munsi, akenshi iba yanduye cyane kandi wenda ikangirika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Choose sh1000 coins |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1128188/choose-sh1000-coins |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=newvision.co.ug}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Gicurasi 2010, Banki ya Uganda yasohoye umuryango mushya w'inoti zerekana igishushanyo mbonera kugirango cyerekana inoti zerekana umurage gakondo wa Uganda, amateka, kamere, n'umuco wabo. Bifite kandi umutekano unoze, hari Amashusho atanu agaragara ku note yose uko ari atandatu: imiterere ya mateli ya Uganda, agaseke ka Uganda, ikarita ya Uganda (yuzuye n'umurongo wa ekwateri), Urwibutso rw'Ubwigenge, hamwe n'umwirondoro w'umugabo wambaye igitambaro cya Karimojongo. Guverineri wa Banki ya Uganda, Emmanuel Tumusiime Mutebile, yavuze ko inoti nshya zitagize ivugurura ry'ifaranga, cyangwa ngo zitegekwa na politikimu Kuvugurura bundi bushya, byatewe no gukenera gukurikiza imikorere mpuzamahanga no gutsinda impimbano. Uganda nicyo gihugu cya mbere cya Afrika cyatangije uburyo bwumutekano bugezweho bwa SPARK <ref>{{Cite web |title=SPARK trademark registration |url=http://www.trademarkia.com/spark-79023576.html}}</ref> kumurongo usanzwe w'inoti. SPARK ni uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda umutekano bwemewe na banki nkuru ku isi kandi bukoreshwa ku inoti nyinshi zo kurinda impimbano. === Inyandiko zubu === Kugeza muri Mata 2023, izi ni inoti za mashilingi zo muri Uganda zizwi: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Currency |url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bouwebsite/BankingandCurrency/currency.html |access-date=3 April 2023 |publisher=[[Bank of Uganda]] |archive-date=1 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001150536/https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bouwebsite/BankingandCurrency/currency.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 50.000 / = umuhondo <ref>{{Cite web |title=Uganda's 50,000 Shilling note |url=https://www.theibns.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=217:uganda-50000-shilling-note&catid=13&Itemid=6 |access-date=2020-06-12 |publisher=International Banknote Society}}</ref> * 20,000/ umutuku * 10,000/ umutuku * 5,000/ icyatsi * 2,000/ ubururu * 1,000/ umukara == Igipimo cy'ivunjisha == Kugeza ku ya 22 Kanama 2011, amadorari y'Amerika (USD) yari afite agaciro ka USh 2,800/ . Igipimo cy'ivunjisha cyamanutse kuri USh2,901/ kugeza madorali y'amerika 1 muri Nzeri 2011, maze isubira muri USh 2,303/ kugeza madorali y'amerika 1 ku ya 13 Gashyantare 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Exchange Rates |url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/collateral/exchange_rates.html |access-date=13 April 2018 |website=www.bou.or.ug |archive-date=12 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180312080759/https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/collateral/exchange_rates.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Reba kandi == * Ubukungu bwa Uganda * Shilingi * [[Amashilingi ya Tanzaniya|Shilingi]] == Reba ==   [[Ikiciro:Amafaranga]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] pv55p9sppmmh5ll0c18uinn54w4cfb0 0 16750 139157 113325 2026-09-23T03:12:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139157 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kenyan 20 Shilling Note.jpg|thumb|Amashiringi ya Kenya]] [[Dosiye:Kenyan currency.jpg|thumb|kenyan money]]  '''Amashiringi ya Kenya''' (amagambo ahinnye '''KSh''' cyangwa '''KES''' ) ni ifaranga rya [[Kenya]]. byagabanijwemo amafaranga 100. == Icyitonderwa == [[Dosiye:1 Kenyan Shilling 02.png|thumb|Amashiringi]] Ibiciro byama shilingi yo muri [[Kenya]] byanditswe muburyo bwa x/y, aho x ari amafaranga muri shilingi, mugihe y ari amafaranga. Ikimenyetso kingana cyangwa hyphen byerekana umubare wa zero. K'urugero, amafaranga 50 yanditswe nka " -/ " na shilingi 100 nka " 100/ " cyangwa "100 / -". Rimwe na rimwe, impine ni ''KSh'' ibanzirizwa no gutandukanya. Niba umubare wanditse ukoresheje amagambo kimwe nu mubare, gusa prefix irakoreshwa (urugero miliyoni 10 KSh). Iki gishushanyo cyagereranijwe kuri sterling, aho amafaranga yanditswe muburyo bumwe bwa mapawundi (£), shilingi (s), na pence (d). Muri iyo nyandiko, amafaranga ari munsi ya mapawundi yanditswe gusa muri shilingi na pence. == Amateka == Amashiringi yo muri Kenya yasimbuye [[Amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba|amashiringi yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba]] muri 1966. === Ibiceri === Ibiceri bya mbere byatanzwe muri 1966 mu kumurika ya -/ , -/ , -/ na -/ , na 1 / = na 2 / =; -/ Ibiceri ntabwo byacapwe nyuma yo muri 1969 (usibye muri seti ya 1973); 2 / = ibiceri byacuzwe bwa nyuma ni 1971 (usibye muri 1973). Muri 1973 na 1985, hatangijwe ibiceri 5 / =, bikurikirwa na 10 / = muri 1994 na 20 / = no muri 1998. Hagati yo muri 1967 na 1978, ifoto ya [[Jomo Kenyatta]], perezida wa mbere wa Kenya, yabanje kugaragara hejuru y’ibiceri byose byigenga bya Kenya. Muri 1980, ifoto ya [[Daniel arap Moi]] yasimbuye iya Kenyatta kugeza muri 2005, igihe banki nkuru ya kenya, yatangije ibiceri bishya byagaruye ishusho ya Kenyatta. Ibiceri ni -/ na 1 / = mu byuma bidafite ingese na bi-metalike ibiceri bya 5 / =, 10 / = na 20 / =. Igiceri cya metalike 40 / = igicapo cyerekana ifoto ya Perezida wahoze ari Perezida ariwe [[Mwai Kibaki]] cyatanzwe muri 2003 mu rwego rwo kwibuka isabukuru y'imyaka mirongo ine mu ubwigenge bwa Kenya muri 1963. Ibiceri bishya bifite ishusho ya Kenyatta byatanzwe muri 2005. Mu mwaka wo muri 2010, ingingo ya 231 (4) y’Itegeko Nshinga rya Kenya ryo muri 2010 ryagize riti "Inyandiko n’ibiceri byatanzwe na Banki Nkuru ya Kenya bishobora kuba bifite amashusho agaragaza cyangwa agereranya Kenya cyangwa igice cya Kenya ariko ntashobora kwifotoza ku muntu uwo ari we wese." Inoti nshya n'ibiceri byari biteganijwe ko bisohoka muri 2018 kugira ngo byuzuze iri tegeko rishya. <ref>[http://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=207673#LinkTarget_17054 The Constitution of Kenya of 2010; Section 231(4) on the Central Bank of Kenya] [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (www.wipo.int). Retrieved 2013-09-27.</ref> Urukurikirane rushya rw'ibiceri rwasohotse ku ya 11 Ukuboza 2018, mu kwigaragaza nka 1/ , 5/ , 10/ na 20/ . Ibiceri byose byerekanaga Ikirango cy'igihugu cya Kenya ku ruhande no kumashusho y'inyamaswa zizwi muri Afurika k'uruhande. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200923153840/https://news.coinupdate.com/kenya-new-circulation-coin-series-introduced-by-president/ Kenya: New circulation coin series introduced by president], [[Coin Update]] (news.coinupdate.com). 27 December 2018. Retrieved 2018-12-28.</ref> Uru rukurikirane rushya rw'ibiceri rwashizweho kugirango rumenyekane kubantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2019 |title=Kenya makes coins accessible for the visually impaired |url=https://blindcoincollector.com/2019/05/11/kenya-makes-coins-accessible-for-the-visually-impaired/}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="8" |Ibiceri bya shilingi yo muri Kenya (ibibazo 2018) |- ! rowspan="2" | Ishusho ! rowspan="2" | Agaciro ! colspan="4" | Ibipimo bya tekiniki ! colspan="2" | Ibisobanuro |- ! Diameter ! Misa ! Ibigize ! Impande ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma |- | style="text-align:center; background:#000;" | | 1/ | 5.5 mm | Garama 23.9 | Nickel | Igice (Ibibaya n'Urubingo) | Ikirango cya Kenya ; inyandiko "Repubulika ya Kenya" mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri | Giraffe; idini mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri |- |- | style="text-align:center; background:#000;" | | 5/ | 3.75 mm | Garama 19.5 | Igiceri cya bi-metallic (icyuma gikozwe mu muringa wacometse hagati ya Nickel - impeta yo hanze) | Urubingo | Ikirango cya Kenya ; inyandiko "Repubulika ya Kenya" mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri | Imvubu; idini mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri |- |- | style="text-align:center; background:#000;" | | 10/ | 5 mm | Garama 23 | Igiceri cya bi-metallic ( Nickel -icyuma gicometse hagati yicyuma hamwe nicyuma cyometseho icyuma ) | Urubingo | Ikirango cya Kenya ; inyandiko "Repubulika ya Kenya" mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri | Intare; idini mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri |- |- | style="text-align:center; background:#000;" | | 20/ | 9 mm | Garama 26 | Igiceri cya bi-metallic (icyuma gikozwe mu muringa wacometse hagati ya Nickel - impeta yo hanze) | Igice (Ibibaya n'Urubingo) | Ikirango cya Kenya ; inyandiko "Repubulika ya Kenya" mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri | Inzovu; idini mu Cyongereza n'Igiswahiri |- |} === Inoti === Ku ya 14 Nzeri 1966, ishilingi ryo muri Kenya yasimbuye [[Amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba|amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] ku buryo bungana, nubwo aya atigeze agaragazwa kugeza muri 1969. Banki Nkuru ya Kenya yatanze inoti mu kuyerekana ni 5 / =, 10 / =, 20 / =, 50 / = na 100 / =. Inyandiko zose zigaragaza ishusho ya minisitiri w’intebe wa mbere wa Kenya na perezida, Jomo Kenyatta, imbere n’ibikorwa bitandukanye by’ubukungu biri inyuma. 5 / = inoti zasimbuye ibiceri muri 1985, hamwe niko byagenze kuri 10 / = na 20 / = muri 1994 na 1998. Muri 1986, inoti 200 / = zatangijwe, zikurikirwa na 500 / = muri 1988 na 1.000 / = muri 1994. Kimwe n'ibiceri, Kenyatta yagaragaye ku inoti yatanzwe kugeza muri 1978, ifoto ya Daniel arap Moi yamusimbuye muri 1980. Muri 2003, nyuma yuko [[Mwai Kibaki]] asimbuye Moi kuba perezida, inoti 5 / =, 10 / =, na 20 / = kuva mu rukurikirane rwo muri 1978 hamwe n’ifoto ya Kenyatta yari yabitswe yarasohotse, ikwirakwizwa hose. Urukurikirane rushya rw'inoti rwatangijwe kuri Kenyatta, yongeye kugaragara mu imurika ya 50 / =, 100 / =, 200 / =, 500 / = na 1.000 / =. Ikibazo cy'inoti ya 200 / = yo ku ya 12 Ukuboza 2003 cyibuka "imyaka 40 y'ubwigenge 1963–2003". Inoti zacapwe i Nairobi n'icapiro ry'umutekano rya De La Rue. Ku ya 31 Gicurasi 2019, Banki Nkuru ya Kenya yasohoye umuryango mushya w'inoti udafite amashusho y'abantu bazwi bo muri Kenya, nk'uko biteganywa n'Itegeko Nshinga rya Kenya ryo mu 2010. Muri icyo gihe, Banki Nkuru ya Kenya yakuyeho impapuro zose zabanjirije inoti 1.000 / = inoti. Ibi byakomeje gutanga isoko kugeza ku ya 1 Ukwakira 2019. Inoti zose z'uruhererekane zisangiye igishushanyo rusange cy'ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Kenyatta mpuzamahanga ku mpande z'imbere, kandi uruhande rw'inyuma rw'inoti rugaragaza amashusho yerekana ubukire bw'abaturage na kamere ya Kenya: "Green Energy" ( 50 / =), "Ubuhinzi" (100 / =), "Serivisi ishinzwe imibereho myiza" (200 / =), "Ubukerarugendo" (500 / =) na "Imiyoborere" (1.000 / =). Amadini yose uko ari atanu kandi agaragaza buri nyamaswa nini eshanu zo muri Afurika: inyana (50 / =), ingwe (100 / =), imvubu (200 / =), intare (500 / =) n'inzovu (1.000 / =). <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2019 |title=Central Bank unveils new generation banknotes to curb fraud |url=https://www.capitalfm.co.ke/news/2019/06/central-bank-unveils-new-generation-banknotes-to-curb-fraud/ |publisher=Capital News Kenya}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2019 |title=New Generation Banknotes Pamphlet |url=https://www.centralbank.go.ke/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/New-Generation-Banknotes-Pamphlet.pdf |publisher=Central Bank of Kenya}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="5" |Inoti z'amashiringi yo muri Kenya (1996 "Arap Moi") |- ! Ishusho ! Itorero ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Ikimenyetso cy'amazi |- |[[Dosiye:Kenyan_20_Shilling_Note.jpg|thumb]] | 20 / = | [[Abaperezida ba Kenya|Perezida]] [[Daniel arap Moi|Daniel Toroitich arap Moi]] ; Ikirango cya Kenya | Baton; Moi International sport complex, Nairobi, jogger | Umutwe w'intare |- | | 50 / = | Perezida Daniel Toroitich arap Moi; Ikirango cya Kenya | Caravan; Urwibutso rw'inzovu muri Moi Avenua (ahahoze hitwa Kilindini), Mombasa | Umutwe w'intare |- | | 100 / = | Perezida Daniel Toroitich arap Moi; Ikirango cya Kenya | Urwibutso rwo kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 25 y'ubwigenge, Nairobi | Umutwe w'intare |- | | 200 / = | Perezida Daniel Toroitich arap Moi; Ikirango cya Kenya | Urwibutso rw'ubumwe, Nairobi | Umutwe w'intare |- | | 500 / = | Perezida Daniel Toroitich arap Moi; Ikirango cya Kenya | Inyubako y'inteko ishinga amategeko, Nairobi | Umutwe w'intare |- | | 1.000 / = | Perezida Daniel Toroitich arap Moi; Ikirango cya Kenya | Inzovu | Umutwe w'intare |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="5" |Inoti zerekana amashiringi yo muri Kenya (2004 "Jomo Kenyatta" (gukurwa mubizunguruka)) |- ! Ishusho ! Itorero ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Ikimenyetso cy'amazi |- | | 50/ | [[Abaperezida ba Kenya|Perezida]] [[Jomo Kenyatta]] ; Ikirango cya Kenya | Caravan; Urwibutso rwinzovu muri Moi Avenue (ahahoze umuhanda wa Kilindini), Mombasa | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 50 |- | | 100/ | Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikirango cya Kenya | Igishusho cya Kenyatta; umunara | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 100 |- | | 200/ | Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikirango cya Kenya | Gusarura impamba | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 200 |- | | 500/ | Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikirango cya Kenya | Inyubako y'inteko ishinga amategeko, Nairobi | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 500 |- | | 1,000/ | Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikirango cya Kenya | Inzovu | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 1000 |- |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="7" |Inoti z'amashiringi yo muri Kenya (nomero ya 2019 (nomero y'ubu)) |- ! Ishusho Imbere ! Guhindura Ishusho ! Itorero ! Ibara rikuru ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Ikimenyetso cy'amazi |- | | | 50/ | Umutuku | Ikirango cya Kenya; Ishusho ya Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Kenyatta ; Buffalo | "Icyatsi kibisi" (Imbaraga z'umuyaga, ingufu za geothermal, izuba) | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 50 |- | | | 100/ | Violet | Ikirango cya Kenya; Ishusho ya Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Kenyatta ; Ingwe | "Ubuhinzi" (Ibinyampeke, ubuhinzi, ubworozi) | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 100 |- | | | 200/ | Ubururu | Ikirango cya Kenya; Ishusho ya Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Kenyatta ; Imvubu | "Serivisi ishinzwe imibereho myiza" (Serivisi z'ubuzima, Uburezi, siporo) | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 200 |- | | | 500/ | Icyatsi | Ikirango cya Kenya; Ishusho ya Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Kenyatta ; Intare | "Ubukerarugendo" (Inyamaswa zo mu gasozi; Intare) | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 500 |- | | | 1000/ | Umuhondo | Ikirango cya Kenya; Ishusho ya Perezida Jomo Kenyatta; Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Kenyatta ; Inzovu | "Imiyoborere" (Inyubako y'Inteko, Nairobi) | Umutwe wintare na electrotype 1000 |- |} == Igipimo cy'ivunjisha == Igipimo cy’ivunjisha kiriho byoroshye kuboneka muri serivisi nkizo ziri mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira. == Reba kandi == * Ubukungu bwa Kenya * [[Amashilingi ya Uganda|Amashiringi ya Uganda]] * [[Amashilingi ya Tanzaniya|i Shilingi rya Tanzaniya]] * Shilingi == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.centralbank.go.ke/ Urubuga rwemewe rwa Banki Nkuru ya Kenya] [[Ikiciro:Amafaranga]] alowdirorcvsxbbfqcbx1xhcjxdnxul 0 16756 139033 132206 2026-09-22T23:51:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139033 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Aero Club East Africa.jpg|thumb|Icyicaro cya Aero]] [[Dosiye:Aero Lloyd McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 D-ALLC (33196490753).jpg|thumb|Indege ya Aero ]] '''Sosiyete y'indege ya Aero Afrika''' yari <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Operator index > Swaziland > Aero Africa |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=8558 |access-date=2017-08-17 |website=aviation-safety.net |archive-date=2015-12-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208161256/https://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=8558 |url-status=dead}}</ref> indege ya charter ifite icyicaro muri [[Eswatini|Swaziland]] . Sosiyete y'indege yari ku rutonde rw'abatwara indege zabujijwe mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’[[Burayi|Uburayi]] . == Ubwato == Amato ya sosiyete ya Aero Africa yari agizwe n'indege zikurikira ( mu mwaka wa 2012 mu kwezi kwa Mutarama tariki 28) ari zo: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aero Africa on CH-Aviation.ch |url=http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php?search=set&airline=RFC&al_op=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829213012/http://www.ch-aviation.ch/aircraft.php?search=set&airline=RFC&al_op=1 |archive-date=2011-08-29 |access-date=2008-02-24}}</ref> * 1 Boeing 727-100 * 1 Boeing 737-200 (ikoreshwa kuri Toumaï Air [[Cade|Tchad]] ) * 2 McDonnell-Douglas DC-10 Amasosiyete y'indege akomeye muri Afurika arimo Rwanda Air, Ethiopian Airlines,Kenya Airways na south African Airways akomeye kwagura ingendo n'amato y'indege .<ref>https://www.google.com/search?q=Aero+Africa&rlz=1CATMUU_enRW1218&oq=Aero+Africa&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyBggAEEUYOTIHCAEQABiABDIHCAIQABiABDIHCAMQABiABDIHCAQQABiABDIHCAUQABiABDIHCAYQABiABDIHCAcQABiABDIHCAgQABiABDIHCAkQABiABNIBCjY3NzI4ajBqMTWoAgywAgHxBSu5Tpj-7Xpn8QUruU6Y_u16Zw&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist|2}} [[Ikiciro:Ingendo]] [[Ikiciro:Indege]] 4j6xp6vl7eru1kuxkl0h7v71ef1ta9c 0 16757 139034 128564 2026-09-22T23:51:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139034 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aero Benin''' yari sosiyete y'indege, ifite icyicaro muri [[Bene|Bénin]] ariko yandikwa mu Budage, ikora ibicuruzwa byo ku butaka no mu nyanja ndetse na serivisi zitwara abagenzi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aero Benin - Information on and flights with the airline |url=http://flights.idealo.co.uk/airline/Aero-Benin-EM/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421014119/http://flights.idealo.co.uk/airline/Aero-Benin-EM/ |archive-date=21 April 2013 |access-date=22 May 2022 |website=flights.idealo.co.uk}}</ref> Guhera kuri tariki ya 8 ukwezi kwa Mata mu mwaka wa 2009 birabujijwe mu muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ranter |first=Harro |title=Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Operator index > Benin > Aero Benin |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=8388 |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=aviation-safety.net |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913140658/http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/airline.php?var=8388 |url-status=dead}}</ref> kandi guhera muri Nyakanga 2012, ntigikora. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aéro Bénin on ch-aviation |url=http://www.ch-aviation.ch/portal/airline.php?cha=EM |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=ch-aviation |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amato == Aero Benin bigaragara ko idafite amato yayo bwite, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aero Benin Fleet Details and History |url=http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Aero-Benin |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=www.planespotters.net |language=en |archive-date=2017-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170913232433/https://www.planespotters.net/airline/Aero-Benin |url-status=dead }}</ref> ahubwo basangiye kode n'indege ya Boeing 727 (n'indege ya Boeing 737 yo kugenda hagati ya N'Djamena na Cotonou) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aero Benin (EM) @ OurAirports |url=http://www.ourairports.com/airlines/EM/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401095352/http://www.ourairports.com/airlines/EM/ |archive-date=2011-04-01 |access-date=2017-09-13 |website=www.ourairports.com}}</ref> == Amerekezo == Aero Benin yagurutse inzira zikurikira: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Timetable |url=http://www.interair.co.za/timetable.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220110946/http://www.interair.co.za/timetable.asp |archive-date=2015-12-20 |access-date=2015-12-06}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aero Benin (EM) @ OurAirports |url=http://www.ourairports.com/airlines/EM/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401095352/http://www.ourairports.com/airlines/EM/ |archive-date=2011-04-01 |access-date=2012-07-05}}</ref> * Brazzaville * Cotonou * Johannesburg * Libreville * N'Djamena * Cotonou * Libreville * Brazzaville * Senou * Johannesburg * Brazzaville * Libreville * Brazzaville * Cotonou * N'Djamena * Cotonou * Senou * Cotonou == Amashakiro == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Ikiciro:Ingendo]] gzowvb0grzvbjg74y3b3hgx8e4s3lre 0 16765 139308 112057 2026-09-23T07:44:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139308 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:GambiaRoots024 (5418464600).jpg|thumb|Gambia roots hamwe muhantu nyaburanga wasura muri Gambia|232x232px]] [[Dosiye:Gambia (3564788493).jpg|thumb|Umukerarugendo wasuye icyanya kibamo ingona muri Kachikally |236x236px]] [[Dosiye:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Upstream.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Gambia janjanbureh ukaba nawo ari hamwe muhantu nyaburanga muri Gambia|237x237px]] Inganda z’ubukerarugendo uyu munsi muri [[Gambiya]] zatangiye igihe ibirori by’abakerarugendo 300 bo muri Suwede bahageraga mu mwaka wa 1965. <ref name="backgroundnote">[https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5459.htm Background Note: The Gambia]: Political Conditions, ''[[United States Department of State]]/[[Bureau of African Affairs]]'', 2006-03.<br /></ref> Urwo rugendo rw'ubupayiniya rwateguwe numu [[Suwede]] witwa Bertil Harding afatanije n'abashinzwe ingendo Vingresor. Byagaragaye nk'ahantu heza ho guhungira amezi akaze ya Scandinaviya aho Abanyaburayi batishimiraga gusa izuba, umucanga n’inyanja ahubwo bakanezerwa no kumenyera umunsi mukuru ny'afurika. Yatanze kandi ikiruhuko gishya kugirango umubare w’abanyaburayi batembera wiyongere. Umubare w’abashyitsi wariyongereye uva kuri ba mukerarugendo 300 mu mwaka wa 1965 ugera ku 25,000 mu mwaka wa 1976. <ref>Lonely Planet: The Gambia & Senegal</ref> Umubare wa ba mukerarugendo wakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu myaka yashize, kandi kubera ko guverinoma ishishikajwe no gutandukanya ubukungu, yemeje ko ubukerarugendo ari isoko ry’amafaranga yinjira mu mahanga. Nubwo, kwiyongera kwamamare nkahantu nyaburanga, iterambere ryibikorwa remezo ryatinze. [[Dosiye:Tourist Craft Store, Banjul, Gambia.jpg|thumb|Ububiko bwihangano by' ubugeni bigurishwa abakerarugendo buherereye muri Banjul mugihugu cya Gambia.]] == Ahantu hazwi mu gukurura bamukera rugendo == === Banjul === Banjul, umurwa mukuru wa Gambiya, ni agace gakunzwe na ba mukerarugendo. Abatuye uyu mujyi ni 34,828 gusa, hamwe n'agace k'''’'''akarere ka Banjul kanini, karimo Umujyi wa Banjul n’inama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Kanifing, utuwe n’abaturage 357,238 (Ibarura mu mwaka wa 2003). Iherereye ku kirwa cya St Mary (Ikirwa cya Banjul) aho uruzi rwa Gambiya rwinjira mu nyanja ya Atalantika. Ikirwa cyahujwe n’umugabane wa gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi n’imodoka mu majyaruguru n’ibiraro mu majyepfo. Banjul iherereye kuri 13 ° 28' mu majyaruguru, 16 ° 36' mu burengerazuba (13.4667, -16.60). <ref>[[Banjul]]</ref> === Jufureh === Jufureh, Juffureh, cyangwa Juffure ni umujyi wo muri Gambiya ukunzwe na ba mukerarugendo, ureshya nka kilometero 30 imbere ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru y'Uruzi rwa Gambiya mu gice cya Banki y'Amajyaruguru. Bivugwa ko ariho hashyizweho igitabo cyitwa Imizi: Saga y'umuryango w'abanyamerika. Ni inzu ndangamurage kandi iri hafi y'ikirwa cya James. Umuryango uvuga ko ukomoka kuri Kunta Kinte uracyaba hano. <ref>[http://www.accessgambia.com/information/jufure-village.html Juffure Village | Gambia]</ref> === Ikidendezi '''cy'ingona''' cya Kachikally === [[Dosiye:Gambia_008_from_KG.jpg|right|thumb|291x291px| Bakau]] '''Ikidendezi cy'ingona cya Kachikally''' giherereye hagati ya Bakau nko mu bilometero 10 (kilometero 16) uvuye mu murwa mukuru [[Banjul]]. Nimwe mubidendezi bitatu byingona byera bikoreshwa nkibibanza by'imihango y'uburumbuke. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070311090829/http://www.ncac.gm/other.html Historic and Sacred Sites in Gambia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070311090829/http://www.ncac.gm/other.html|date=2007-03-11}}</ref> Abandi ni Folonko muri Kombo y'Amajyepfo na Berending ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru. === Janjanbureh === [[Dosiye:RiverGambia Janjanbureh 20190122 Riverbank.jpg|thumb|umugezi wa janjanbureh muri gambia]] Janjanbureh cyangwa Jangjangbureh ni umujyi washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1732, ku kirwa cya Janjanbureh mu ruzi rwa Gambiya mu burasirazuba bwa Gambiya. Yahoze yitwa Georgetown kandi yari iya kabiri mu gihugu. Ubu ni umurwa mukuru w'igice cyo hagati cy'Uruzi rwagati kandi uzwi cyane nk'urugo rwa gereza nkuru ya Gambiya. Uruziga rw'amabuye rwa Wassu rungana nka kilometero 22 mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Lamin Koto, ku nkombe y'amajyaruguru hakurya ya Janjanbureh. Ni kamwe mu turere dukunzwe cyane muri Gambiya. <ref>[[Tourism in the Gambia#cite note-backgroundnote-0]]</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Ikiciro:Gambiya]] 9uybhkuhvx9jaaypdpdiaamfyw8ba2g 0 16784 139368 126896 2026-09-23T09:08:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139368 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jason Njoku..jpg|thumb|Jason Njoku (2023).]]   [[Category:Articles with hCards]] '''Jason Chukwuma Njoku''' (yavutse taliki 11 Ukuboza umwaka 1980) ni umucuruzi wo mugihugu cy’Ubwongereza. Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa iROKOtv, serivisi isaba amashusho kuri firime zo muri Nigeriya. Yiyita rwiyemezamirimo udasanzwe, iROKOtv yari Njoku ya 11 agerageza gutangiza umushinga. Yaje afite igitekerezo cyo gutangiza urubuga rushya rwo gukwirakwiza firime Nollywood mugihe yabanaga murugo na mama we, afite imyaka 30, nyuma yimishinga myinshi yananiranye igendayanga. <ref>BBC African Dream – [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17896462 Jason Njoku]</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere n'imyigire == Jason yavukiye kandi akurira i Deptford, mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Londere, nyina amurera na bashiki be batatu na murumuna we wenyine, mu gihe yakoraga akazi k'amasaha yose muri serivisi y’ubuzima. Yigiye amashuri i Londire, nyuma yimukira mu mudugudu wo muri Nijeriya kuva afite imyaka 12 kugeza 15. Amaze gusubira mu Bwongereza, yize kaminuza kugira ngo arangize Amashuri yisumbuye, mbere yo kubona umwanya muri kaminuza ya Manchester aho yize ibijyanye 'ibinyabutabire. Yarangije amashuriye mu mwaka 2005 afite 2: 1 atangiza ''Ikinyamakuru Brash Magazine'', igitabo yashize hanze cy’abanyeshuri cyatangiye mumyaka itatu mbere yuko gifunga mu mwaka 2008. <ref>BBC – [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-17896461 Making a fortune by distributing Nigerian films online]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-04-11 |title=Nigeria's film industry: a potential gold mine? |url=https://www.un.org/africarenewal/magazine/may-2013/nigeria%E2%80%99s-film-industry-potential-gold-mine |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Africa Renewal |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-07-17 |title=JASON NJOKU, A SUCCESS STORY |url=https://www.techgistafrica.com/specials/tips/jason-njoku-a-success-story/ |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=Techgist Africa {{!}} Africa Leading Tech News, Reviews and Tips |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210930131558/https://www.techgistafrica.com/specials/tips/jason-njoku-a-success-story/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == === iROKO === Nyuma y’imishinga myinshi yananiranye hagati yu mwaka wa 2005 nuwa 2010, birimo umuyoboro wa blog, ubucuruzi bw'imyenda hamwe n’isosiyete ikora imbuga za interineti, <ref>Tech Loy – [https://web.archive.org/web/20120918192427/http://techloy.com/2012/09/17/moving-back-in-with-my-mum-was-kind-of-humiliating-jason-njoku-on-forbes-africa/ "Moving Back In With My Mum Was Kind Of Humiliating" – Jason Njoku]</ref> Njoku yasubiye mu rugo mu nzu ya nyina i Deptford. Aho niho yaje gutekereza igitekerezo cyo gutangiza ubucuruzi bwo gukwirakwiza Nollywood kuri interineti, "Uburengerazuba bwari bufite Hulu na Netflix Afurika ntacyo yari ifite", Njoku. <ref>Akilah Net – [https://web.archive.org/web/20150530114628/http://www.akilah.net/people-to-know/irokotvs-millionaire-founder-on-starting-a-company-staying-the-course-and-sailing-past-failure/ iROKOtv’s Millionaire Founder on Starting a Company, Staying the Course, and Sailing Past Failure]</ref> Amaze kwiga ibijyanye n'inganda kure, yerekeje i Lagosi, abikesheje ubufasha bw'amafaranga y'inshuti ye magara Bastian Gotter, mugenzi we barangirije hamwe muri kaminuza ya Manchester, maze atangira kugura impushya zo kuri interineti za firime za Nollywood. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 March 2013 |title=Iroko's Jason Njoku Is Creating The Next Netflix in Nigeria |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3006695/irokos-jason-njoku-is-creating-the-next-netflix-in-nigeria |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=Fast Company}}</ref> Yakoraga mu nzu y'ibyumba bibiri biri mu mujyi wa Festac, i Lagosi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 May 2015 |title=Has Nollywood streaming lost its appeal? – Ventures Africa |url=http://venturesafrica.com/has-nollywood-streaming-lost-its-appeal/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |publisher=VenturesAfrica.com}}</ref> maze agirana amasezerano na YouTube mu Budage kugira ngo abe umufatanyabikorwa wa sosiyete ya Nollywood. <ref name="peterguest.co.uk">Forbes Africa – [https://web.archive.org/web/20171201042553/http://peterguest.co.uk/journalism/index.php/jason-njoku-south-londons-mr-nollywood/ Jason Njoku: South London’s Mr Nollywood]</ref>  Mu mwaka wa 2010, Njoku na mugenzi we Bastian Gotter <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 Jan 2017 |title=IrokoTv Co-Founder Bastian Gotter Leaves Company To Pursue Startup Investments |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2017/01/30/irokotv-co-founder-bastian-gotter-leaves-company-to-pursue-startup-investments |website=Forbes}}</ref> bashyize ahagaragara NollywoodLove, kumuyoboro wa YouTube, watangiye kunguka mu mezi abiri bamaze batangiye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iroko Partners: Demand proves insatiable for Nollywood on the net |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/bd5fd984-1050-11e1-8211-00144feabdc0.html |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=Financial Times}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, bashima inyandiko yanditswe na Sarah Lacy wakoraga icyo gihe muri Tech Crunch, NollywoodLove yashimishijwe n’ikigega cy’ishoramari cyo muri Amerika cyitwa Tiger Global ku kuba cyarashishikajwe no kwagura ibikorwa byabo ku masoko agiye atandukanye akomeye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lacy |first=Sarah |date=14 May 2011 |title=You Think Hollywood Is Rough? Welcome to the Chaos, Excitement and Danger of Nollywood – TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/05/14/you-think-hollywood-is-rough-welcome-to-the-chaos-excitement-and-danger-of-nollywood/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |publisher=TechCrunch.com}}</ref> Urukurikirane Ishoramari rya amadolari miliyoni 3 yahawe ingwate muri Tiger Global mu mwaka wa 2010 maze iyo siyete itangira kwerekana amashusho yonyine, kuri iROKOtv, kuri taliki ya 1 Ukuboza umwaka wa 2011. Urubuga rwahuje abareba baturutse mu bihugu 178 kwisi. <ref>Reuters – [https://web.archive.org/web/20190422114136/https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-nigeria-irokotv-idUKBRE9AC0Y120131113 Nigerian films get boost from UK-based online startup iROKOtv]</ref> Njoku na Gotter kuva bakomeza gukusanya andi miliyoni 22 z'amadolari ziva muri VC mpuzamahanga, harimo n’ishoramari AB Kinnevik na RISE Capital <ref>Dow Jones Venture Wire – [http://pevc.dowjones.com/Articlean=DJFVW00020131217e9chsq71w&cid=32135029&ctype=ts&ReturnUrl=http%3a%2f%2fpevc.dowjones.com%2fArticle%3fan%3dDJFVW00020131217e9chsq71w%26cid%3d32135029%26ctype%3dts Africa's Answer to Netflix, iROKO Raises $8M to Scale]</ref> kandi bakoresheje ishoramari mu kubaka kataloge nini ya firime 5.000, <ref>IT Web Africa – [https://web.archive.org/web/20200224103441/http://www.itwebafrica.com/home-page/movers-and-shakers/539-jason-njoku/231397-qaa-with-iroko-ceo-jason-njoku Interview: iROKO CEO Jason Njoku]</ref> ibirori byo gutangiza ibiro i Lagosi, New York, na Londire no gushora imari mu kuzamura ibikoresho no guteza imbere iby'ikoranabuhanga. Iroko yagiye gutera izindi nkunga ishoramari ingana na miliyoni 40 z'amadolari <ref>{{Cite web |last=Oluwafemi |first=Babakole |date=25 January 2016 |title=iROKOtv Just Raised $19 Million, Total Funding Now At $40 Million |url=https://techcabal.com/2016/01/25/irokotv-just-raised-19-million-total-funding-now-at-40-million/ |publisher=TechCabal.com}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2015, Njoku yahisemo kwerekeza ibitekerezo kuri sosiyete kuri porogaramu igendanwa ya Android igendanwa, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 July 2015 |title=App-Only iROKOtv is live – TechCabal |url=http://techcabal.com/2015/07/02/app-only-irokotv-is-live/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |publisher=TechCabal.com}}</ref> aho kuba inzira yo guhangana n’ibikorwa remezo bigari akamaro Afurika mu iterambere. Muri Nyakanga mu mwaka 2012, yavuzwe na ''Forbes Africa'' nk'umwe mu 'Baherwe icumi b'Abanyafurika bakurikirana'. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |date=11 July 2012 |title=Ten Young African Millionaires To Watch |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2012/07/11/ten-young-african-millionaires-to-watch/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=Forbes}}</ref> Ku ya 29 Kanama 2013, Njoku yahawe igihembo nka CNBC All Africa Business Awards Umuyobozi w’umwaka muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba. <ref>Human IPO – [http://www.humanipo.com/news/30814/irokotv-ceo-wins-cnbc-award/ iROKOtv CEO wins CNBC award]</ref>  Yamenyekanye kandi nk'umwe mu bantu 1000 ba mbere mu guhanga ubucuruzi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2014 |title=Most Creative People in Business 1000: The Complete List |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/3025456/most-creative-people/most-creative-people-in-business-1000-the-complete-list |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=Fast Company}}</ref> === Ibindi wamenya === Muri Kanama mu mwaka wa 2013, hamwe n'abafatanyabikorwa be mu bucuruzi Bastian Gotter na Mary Remmy Njoku, Njoku yatangije amadorari miriyoni 2 yimodoka ishora imari kuri Lagosi itangizwa na enterineti yitwa Spark. Isosiyete yabanje gushora imari mu bigo 11, birimo isosiyete ikwirakwiza ibinyobwa byitwa Drinks.ng, ikigo cy’imitungo itimukanwa n’umutungo ku rubuga rwa interineti cyitwa ToLet.com.ng, hamwe n’ahantu ho kubika ibyumba bya hoteri, byitwa Hotels.ng, byakomeje. gukusanya miliyoni 1.2 byamadolari mu ishoramari rya VC riva muri EchoVC Pan-Africa Fund na Omidyar Network. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shu |first=Catherine |date=26 May 2015 |title=Nigeria's Hotels.ng Grabs $1.2M To Expand Listings Across Africa – TechCrunch |url=https://techcrunch.com/2015/05/26/hotels-ng-funding/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |publisher=TechCrunch.com}}</ref> Muri 2015, Jason Njoku mu rubuga rwa blog yatangaje ko <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2015 |title=Jason Njoku pulls the plug on 4 more SPARK-invested startups |url=https://techpoint.ng/2015/06/18/jason-njoku-pulls-the-plug-on-4-spark-invested-startups/ |access-date=22 March 2017 |website=Techpoint.ng |archive-date=23 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323094947/https://techpoint.ng/2015/06/18/jason-njoku-pulls-the-plug-on-4-spark-invested-startups/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> barekuye abantu bane batangiye bafatwa nk'ubucuruzi bwatsinzwe: .com.ng (iduka ryerekana imideli kumurongo) hamwe nabakristu.ng, urubuga rwo gukundana kumurongo kubakristo. == Ubuzima bwite == Ku taliki ya 18 Kanama mu mwaka 2012. Njoku yashakanye numugore w'umukinnyi wa filime zinyura kuri Nollywood akaba na producer Mary Remmy Njoku mu mujyi wa Festac, i Lagosi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Twitter |first=Social media junkie at Techpoint I'm always open to new experiences Follow us on |last2=Facebook |first2=like TechPoint ng on |date=3 March 2017 |title=8 things you didn't know about Jason Njoku, founder of iROKOtv |url=https://techpoint.ng/2017/03/03/things-didnt-know-jason-njoku/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=TechPoint.ng |archive-date=30 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330205609/https://techpoint.ng/2017/03/03/things-didnt-know-jason-njoku/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 2012 |title=Wedding Photos: Mr and Mrs Jason Njoku |url=http://lindaikeji.blogspot.co.uk/2012/08/wedding-photos-mr-and-mrs-jason-njoku.html |access-date=19 July 2017 |website=LindaIkeji.Blogspot.co.uk}}</ref> Bakiriye umuhungu babyaye wabo wa mbere, Jason Obinna Njoku, ku taliki ya 30 Nyakanga mu mwaka wa 2013, <ref>Bella Naija – [http://www.bellanaija.com/2013/07/30/its-a-boy-for-tech-media-mogul-jason-njoku-nollywood-actress-mary-remmy-meet-baby-jason-obinna/ It’s a Boy for Tech Media Mogul Jason Njoku & Nollywood Actress Mary Remmy | Meet Baby Jason Obinna]</ref> umwana wa kabiri, Nwakaego Annabel Njoku, yavutse ku taliki ya 24 Kanama mu mwaka wa 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 August 2015 |title=Jason Njoku of IrokoTV & Wife Mary Remmy Welcome Baby No. 2! |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2015/08/jason-njoku-of-irokotv-wife-mary-remmy-welcome-baby-no-2/ |access-date=19 July 2017 |publisher=BellaNaija.com}}</ref> n'umwana wa gatatu, Nnenna Amber Njoku yavutse ku taliki ya 4 Kanama mu mwaka 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-01-19 |title=COVID-19 isn't spiritual – Nollywood actress Maryremmy Njoku |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2021/01/19/covid-19-isnt-spiritual-nollywood-actress-maryremmy-njoku/ |access-date=2021-02-11 |website=P.M. News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == {{Commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180201193249/https://techpoint.ng/2015/03/23/jason-njoku-iroko-fears-nollywood-less-popular/ My Biggest Fear Is That Nollywood Becomes Less Popular – Jason Njoku] c2lxk989z72etk7kawlb6it9wgbm5ir 0 16799 139260 121853 2026-09-23T07:32:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:View_over_Nyabarongo_River_-_Where_Tutsi_Victims_Were_Thrown_in_1994_-_Outside_Kigali_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|'''Umugezi wa Akanyaru''']] '''Umugezi wa Akanyaru''' ni uruzi runini [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|rw'umugezi wa Nyabarongo]]. Irazamuka mu misozi miremire yo mu burengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]], itemba iburasirazuba hanyuma ikerekeza mu majyaruguru ku mupaka uhuza ibyo bihugu mbere yo kwinjira mu ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Kurambura hepfo birimo ibishanga byingenzi ariko bidakingiwe, bibangamiwe nibikorwa byabantu. [[Dosiye:Akanyaru_river.jpg|thumb|Akanyaru river]] == Amasomo == Umugezi wa Mugere, amazi akomeye, uzamuka ku butumburuke bwa 2,450 metres (8,040 ft) mu Burundi. Uruzi rufite amasoko agera kuri 2,300 metres (7,500 ft) ubutumburuke mu majyepfo yu Rwanda. Benshi mu mibande yinzuzi ndende zinizwe na papirusi, irimo amashyamba yibishanga. [1] Igice cyo hejuru cyuruzi gifite ubuso bungana na 2,650 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi) . [2] yo hepfo yuruzi ni umukandara wibishanga bihoraho nka 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) ubugari burangirira aho bugera ku ruzi rwa Nyabarongo. Muri iyi 80 kilometres (50 mi) kurambura uruzi rutemba ruva kuri 1,465 metres (4,806 ft) kugeza kuri 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) . Umukandara wo mu gishanga ugaburirwa iburyo n'ibiyaga Cyohoha y'Amajyaruguru na Cyohoha y'Amajyepfo. Uruhande rw'Uburundi rw'umukandara [1] rufite hegitari zigera ku 14,600 hectares (36,000 acres) gihoraho kuri 63 kilometres (39 mi) kurambura uruzi, hamwe nigishanga kigera 6 to 10 kilometres (3.7 to 6.2 mi) hejuru y'ibibaya by'inzuzi. [3] == Ikirere == Igice cyo hejuru cyikibaya cyinzuzi gifite impuzandengo yimvura ya 1,200 millimetres (47 in) . [2] cy'imvura igereranijwe buri mwaka mu bishanga ni 800 millimetres (31 in) . [4] cy’u Rwanda kigenwa na Intertropical Convergence Zone, ikora ibihe bibiri by'imvura. Imwe ikomeza hagati ya Nzeri kugeza hagati Ukuboza naho indi kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi. Imihindagurikire y’ibihe irashobora kongera ubukana bw’umwuzure n’amapfa. [5] Mu gice cya 1997-98 El Nino igice kinini cy’ibihingwa by’ubuhinzi mu bishanga no mu bishanga byo mu kibaya cy’umugezi wa Nyabarongo na Akanyaru byarasenyutse. [6] Kuruhande rw'imiyoboro ifunguye ibihingwa nyamukuru ni Pistia stratiote (cabage y'amazi), Leersia hexandra (cutgrass y'amajyepfo) na Oryza barthii, ibyatsi byo mubwoko bw'umuceri. Hafi yinkombe ni ihuriro rya Typha australis, Miscanthidium violaceum, Cladium jamaicense hamwe na papirusi. Cyperus denudatus, Cyperus latifolius na pyramidalis ya Echinochloa nayo iboneka mubice bimwe. Ibindi bice bifite igihagararo cyiza cya papirus. [4] Ishyamba ryigishanga hafi yuruzi ryiganjemo micridha ya [[Umugimbo|Bridelia]], Ficus verruculosa, Myrica kandtiana na [[Umukindo|Phoenix reclinata]]. Hafi yuruzi amoko asanzwe arimo [[Umugo|Acacia polyacantha]] na Albizia gummifera. [3] The marshland is an area of great biodiversity, particularly of birdlife.{{sfn|Water and Wetlands Resources: REMA|p=11}} There are records of at least 54 bird species with wetland habitats in the swamp region. These include migrant Malagasy pond heron, pallid harrier and great snipe. Lesser kestrel have been seen. The near-threatened papyrus gonolek is present as is the vulnerable papyrus yellow warbler. The [[Inzobe|sitatunga]], an antelope, is found in the swamps.{{sfn|Akanyaru wetlands: Birdlife Int.}} Ikibaya ntabwo kirinzwe, kandi igice kinini cyubutaka bwuzuyemo ibihe byigihe gihingwa mubindi bihe byumwaka. Abaturage baho nabo bakora uburobyi muruzi no mubishanga. [3] Ibishanga bigenda bikoreshwa mubuhinzi. Mugihe cyizuba abaturage baho baca kandi batwika ibimera byo mu gishanga, basenya aho batuye. Mu [4] 2005, Umuyobozi wa [[Butare]] ushinzwe ubukungu, Charles Karangwa, yavuze ko abaturage bagomba kongera gukoresha igishanga cya Akanyaru mu bihingwa, cyane cyane ibigori. [8] Gashyantare 2011, Minisitiri w’ubutaka n’ibidukikije yabwiye abaturage bo mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Karere ka Gisagara]] gukoresha neza igishanga cya Akanyaru, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo guhinga bugezweho. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Minisitiri Kamanzi Urwego rwa Koperative Nil Basin Initiative Framework ntabwo rwabujije ikoreshwa. Ati: "Nta masezerano abuza abaturage bacu gukoresha amazi ... birumvikana ko muburyo bwiza." [9] Ukuboza 2012, minisiteri y’ibikorwa Remezo n’Umutungo Kamere baganiriye ku buryo bwiza bwo gusuzuma ingano n’ubuziranenge bwimbuto ya Akanyaru. Ibigo bibiri, kimwe byaturutse mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] ikindi biva muri [[Turukiya]], byagombaga gufata umusaruro w’ibiti. Uruganda rukora amashanyarazi [10] rwagombaga kubakwa n’umushinga w’iterambere rya Turukiya witwa Hakan Mining and Generation Industry and Trade. [11] == Reba == === Imirongo === === Inkomoko === 5836v4gh0fduxo00pz8lrf9lbiyojrk 0 16810 139285 107237 2026-09-23T07:38:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139285 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ayobami Akindipe''' .ni Rwiyemezamirimo wo mu gihugu cya [[Nijeriya]] ukora ibishushanyo mbonera by'amazu n'inyubako. Akora nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa kompanyi ya Ace Real Development. <ref name="The Sun Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Ajiri |date=22 March 2023 |title=Top five young Real Estate Developers to watch out for in 2023 |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/top-five-young-real-estate-developers-to-watch-out-for-in-2023/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ikpoto |first=Edidiong |date=20 March 2022 |title=Real estate firm pledges safe land acquisition |url=https://punchng.com/real-estate-firm-pledges-safe-land-acquisition/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okeke-Korieocha |first=Ifeoma |date=16 December 2022 |title=Ace Real Estate unveils Vision City to mitigate climate challenges |url=https://businessday.ng/real-estate/article/ace-real-estate-unveils-vision-city-to-mitigate-climate-challenges/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Businessday NG}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Ayobami.jpg|thumb|right|Ayobami Akindipe]] == Ubuzima bwambere nakazi == Ayobami Oluwanifemi Akindipe yavutse ku ya 27 Kanama 1997 ku babyeyi bo muri Nijeriya, <ref name="The Sun Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Ajiri |date=22 March 2023 |title=Top five young Real Estate Developers to watch out for in 2023 |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/top-five-young-real-estate-developers-to-watch-out-for-in-2023/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDaniels2023">Daniels, Ajiri (22 March 2023). [https://sunnewsonline.com/top-five-young-real-estate-developers-to-watch-out-for-in-2023/ "Top five young Real Estate Developers to watch out for in 2023"]. ''The Sun Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye muri Leta ya Lagos. Yabonye LL. B. impamyabumenyi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Kogi, aho yize amategeko. <ref name="The Sun Nigeria" /> Akindipe yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’imitungo itimukanwa afite imyaka 13 nkubumba amatafari nyuma aza kuba umukozi wa kompanyi ikora ibijyanye no gukora ibijyanye no kwita ku mitungo itimukanwa afite imyaka 21. <ref name="The Guardian Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=24 May 2023 |title=Nola Adetola's mentorship sparks real estate brilliance: Ayobami's trailblazing success story |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nola-adetolas-mentorship-sparks-real-estate-brilliance-ayobamis-trailblazing-success-story/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=The Guardian Nigeria}}</ref> Muri 2019, yashinze Ace Real Estate Development LTD, isosiyete ishinzwe iterambere n’imicungire y’imitungo itimukanwa, ikorera muri [[Nijeriya]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Koiki |first=Olusegun |title=Real Estate Firm Unveils Eco-Friendly Vision City |url=https://independent.ng/real-estate-firm-unveils-eco-friendly-vision-city/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Independent NG}}</ref> no mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="The Sun Nigeria" /> <ref name="The Guardian Nigeria" /> Mu 2022, yatangije ishuri ry’imitungo itimukanwa, rizwi ku izina rya Ace Academy, agamije guha imbaraga urubyiruko rwo muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ajakaiye |first=Fadekemi |title=Ace Real Estate Introduces Free Academy to Empower Nigerian Youths |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2022/09/06/ace-real-estate-introduces-free-academy-to-empower-nigerian-youths |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Ayobami_Akindipe.jpg|thumb|right|Ayobami Akindipe ari Ohio muri Leta zunze ubumwe z'Amerika mu nama ya Forbes.]] == Ibihembo no kumenyekana == * (2021) yahembewe kuba indashyikirwa no kuba inyangamugayo, igihembo gitangwa na Nelson Mandela Leadership Awards. <ref name="The Guardian Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Nigeria |first=Guardian |date=24 May 2023 |title=Nola Adetola's mentorship sparks real estate brilliance: Ayobami's trailblazing success story |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nola-adetolas-mentorship-sparks-real-estate-brilliance-ayobamis-trailblazing-success-story/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=The Guardian Nigeria}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNigeria2023">Nigeria, Guardian (24 May 2023). [https://guardian.ng/news/nola-adetolas-mentorship-sparks-real-estate-brilliance-ayobamis-trailblazing-success-story/ "Nola Adetola's mentorship sparks real estate brilliance: Ayobami's trailblazing success story"]. ''The Guardian Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * (2021) Agashusho ko Guhindura Imibereho, Igihembo - Ishyirahamwe ryigihugu ryabanyeshuri ba kaminuza. <ref name="Businessday NG">{{Cite web |last=Okeke |first=Ifeoma |date=17 December 2021 |title=Ayobami Akindipe awarded Young Entrepreneur of the Year |url=https://businessday.ng/interview/enterpreneur/article/ayobami-akindipe-awarded-young-entrepreneur-of-the-year/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=Businessday NG}}</ref> * . <ref name="Businessday NG" /> * (2021) Igihembo cyihariye cya Zahabu - Ikigo gishinzwe gucunga umutungo wa rubanda na politiki muri [[Gana]]. <ref name="Businessday NG" /> * (2021) Rwiyemezamirimo ukiri muto wumwaka, igihembo - Inama mpuzamahanga ya ba rwiyemezamirimo bato. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eze |first=Chinedu |title=Estate Magnate Wins Young Entrepreneur of the Year Award |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2021/12/20/estate-magnate-wins-young-entrepreneur-of-the-year-award |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en}}</ref> * (2023) Ikinyamakuru Daily Sun cyashyize ahagaragara Akindipe nkumwe mubateza imbere imitungo itimukanwa mu 2023. <ref name="The Sun Nigeria">{{Cite web |last=Daniels |first=Ajiri |date=22 March 2023 |title=Top five young Real Estate Developers to watch out for in 2023 |url=https://sunnewsonline.com/top-five-young-real-estate-developers-to-watch-out-for-in-2023/ |access-date=5 June 2023 |website=The Sun Nigeria |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFDaniels2023">Daniels, Ajiri (22 March 2023). [https://sunnewsonline.com/top-five-young-real-estate-developers-to-watch-out-for-in-2023/ "Top five young Real Estate Developers to watch out for in 2023"]. ''The Sun Nigeria''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> * (2023) Ikinyamakuru City People Magazine cyashyize ahagaragara Akindipe nk'umwe mu bakinnyi 7 ba Real Estate yo mu 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abimbade |first=Isaac |date=30 May 2023 |title=7 Real Estate Players Reveal Their Success Stories |url=https://www.citypeopleonline.com/7-real-estate-players-reveal-their-success-stories/ |access-date=6 June 2023 |website=City People Magazine}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 927j04pl76qup6vynoeiu7o5v0jwzej 0 16833 139112 113854 2026-09-23T02:37:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139112 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:NouakchottNationalMuseum1.jpg|thumb|Inzu Ndangamurage ya Mauritania]] [[Dosiye:Quran in Chinguetti.jpg|thumb|inzu ndangamurage ya muritaniya]] Inzu '''Ndangamurage ya Mauritania''', izwi kandi ku '''Nzu Ndangamurage ya Nouakchott''', ni inzu ndangamurage y'igihugu i Nouakchott, [[Moritaniya|muri Mauritania]]. Iherereye mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Hotel Mercure Marhaba, mu burengerazuba bwa Hotel de Ville, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Parc Deydouh, no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'umusigiti Ould Abas. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181740/http://afrotourism.com/attraction/the-national-museum-musee-national-du-nouakchott/ The National Museum of Mauritania].</ref> Inzu ndangamurage ifite ibyegeranyo by’ubucukuzi bw'amoko n'amoko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mauritania museums |url=http://www.africa.com/guide_to_museums/mauritania_museums |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130101053435/http://www.africa.com/guide_to_museums/mauritania_museums |archive-date=1 January 2013 |access-date=10 March 2011 |publisher=Africa.com}}</ref> Irimo galeri ebyiri zerekana ibyegeranyo bya ibice byibisate by'ubutaka, imyambi, hamwe n'imyambarire yaho. <ref name="Bergeijk2008">{{Cite book|pages=104–}}</ref> == Inyubako ndangamurage == Inzu Ndangamurage y’igihugu yubatswe mu nyubako y'amagorofa abiri yubatswe mu mwaka wa1972 n'Abashinwa. Iyi nyubako irimo kandi ''Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya siyansi cya Mauritania'', ''ikigo cyita ku nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki za Mauritania'' n’isomero ry’igihugu cya Mauritania. Inzu ndangamurage igizwe n'ibyumba bibiri bihoraho byerekana imurikagurisha n'ibyumba by'imurikagurisha by'imukanwa. == Ibyegeranyo by'inzu ndangamurage == * Ibyegeranyo by'ubucukuzi bw'amagorofa hasi byerekana ibihangano bya Mousterian, Aterian na Neolithic kimwe n'ububiko bwakuwe mu bucukuzi bwakorewe mu mijyi myinshi y'amateka ya Mauritania nka Koumbi Saleh, Aoudaghost, Tichit, Ouadane na Azougui. * Ibyegeranyo bya etnografiya mu igorofa rya mbere birimo ibintu bijyanye n'imico itandukanye ya societe ya Mauritania. <ref>[https://momaa.org/directory/national-museum-of-mauritania/ Exhibitions of the National Museum of Mauritania].</ref> == Ikarita == [[Dosiye:NouakchottNationalMuseum5.jpg|thumb|Ibikoresho bya shale bisizwe Umuco wa Tichitt]] [[Dosiye:NouakchottNationalMuseum2.jpg|thumb|Epigraphic shale isahani ya Koumbi Saleh]] [[Dosiye:NouakchottNationalmuseum3.jpg|thumb|Ibishusho bito bya adobe]] [[Dosiye:NouakchottNationalmuseum4.jpg|thumb|Igipimo cyicyarabu kuva Sahel, ikinyejana cya 10]] == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'inzu ndangamurage muri Mauritania * Ububiko bw'igihugu bwa Mauritania == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Inyubako]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] hiztfrlio1gtrr2hbs6ly8o52ri1jor 0 16868 139296 128204 2026-09-23T07:42:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139296 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Diane Shima Rwigara''' ni [[Rwanda|umucuruzi]], akaba rwiyemezamirimo n’umucungamari wabaye umukandida wigenga mu matora y’umukuru w’i gihugu ya Rwanda 2017. Rwigara yashinjwaga ku ya 23 Nzeri 2017, ari kumwe na nyina ndetse n'abandi baregwana bane, kuba yarateje imvururu mu bindi birego, <ref name="amnesty">{{Cite web |date=22 May 2018 |title=Rwanda: Fair trial must be guaranteed for former presidential hopeful |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/05/rwanda-fair-trial-must-be-guaranteed-for-former-presidential-hopeful/ |access-date=25 August 2018}}</ref> ariko agirwa umwere hamwe na nyina ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2018. [[Dosiye:Diane_Shima_Rwigara.jpg|thumb|right|Diane Shima Rwigara]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Diane Rwigara yavukiye i [[Kigali]] muri 1982 avukira mu muryango [[Abatutsi|w'abatutsi]] kandi afite barumuna be batatu. <ref name="whois">{{Cite web |last=Lepapa |first=Naipanoi |date=14 May 2017 |title=Who is Diane Rwigara, Rwanda's First Female Independent Presidential Candidate |url=https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8365-we-are-in-the-thick-of-revolution-in-africa |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=The African Exponent |archive-date=8 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171008133222/https://www.africanexponent.com/post/8365-we-are-in-the-thick-of-revolution-in-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Se, ni Assinapol Rwigara, umunyenganda akaba n’umunyemari ukomeye w’umuryango [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|w’igihugu ukunda igihugu cya Rwanda]], yaguye mu mpanuka y’imodoka ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2015 i Gacuriro, muri Kigali. Umuryango wemeza ko impanuka yatewe na politiki. <ref name="whois" /> <ref name="business">{{Cite web |last=Babatunde |first=Mark |date=5 May 2017 |title=35-Year-Old Businesswoman Diane Rwigara To Challenge Kagame in Rwandan Presidential Elections |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Face 2 Face Africa}}</ref> Polisi yavuze ko yahise yicwa ubwo imodoka y'aMercedez-Benz yari atwaye yari igonganye n'ikamyo iremereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Family of deceased tycoon Assinapol Rwigara petitions President Kagame |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/Family-of-deceased-tycoon-Rwigara-petitions-President-Kagame/1433218-2653598-myixcwz/index.html |access-date=4 March 2015 |publisher=The East African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The curious case of the death of Mr Assinapol Rwigara |url=http://www.therwandan.com/the-curious-case-of-the-death-of-mr-assinapol-rwigara-rip/ |access-date=5 October 2018 |publisher=The Rwandan}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Diane_Rwigara.png|thumb|right|Diane RWIGARA]] Rwigara ni umucungamari watojwe. <ref name="business"/> Yakunze kuvuga nabi imiyoborere y’igihugu iyoborwa na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida]] [[Paul Kagame]] <ref name="backing">{{Cite web |last=Okey-Nwosu |first=Muna |date=9 May 2017 |title=Rwandese Presidential Candidate Diane Shima Rwigara isn't Backing Out Despite Leaked Nude Photos |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2017/05/rwandese-presidential-candidate-diane-shima-rwigara-isnt-backing-despite-leaked-nude-photos/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Bella Naija}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Runsewe |first=Oreoluwa |date=9 May 2017 |title=Young, Single And Independent: The Obstacles Facing Rwanda's Potential First Female President |url=http://venturesafrica.com/young-single-and-independent-the-obstacles-facing-rwandas-potential-first-female-president/ |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Ventures Africa}}</ref> hamwe ndetse n’akarengane n’agahato. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Finn |first=Brandon |date=27 April 2017 |title=Op-Ed: Activism and Rwanda's Development Model – Diane Rwigara takes a stand |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2017-04-27-op-ed-activism-and-rwandas-development-model-diane-rwigara-takes-a-stand/#.WTDjcMbL2NY |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> Ku ya 3 Gicurasi 2017, Rwigara yatangaje ko yifuza kwitabira amatora ya perezida. Nyuma y'amasaha 72, amafoto ye yambaye ubusa yashyizwe ahagaragara m'uburyo bugaragara bwo kumukoza isoni no kumutera ubwoba. <ref name="backing"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Babtunde |first=Mark |date=10 May 2017 |title=Nude Photos of Rwandan Presidential Candidate Surface Online |url=https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara-photos |access-date=2 June 2017 |website=Face 2 Face Africa |archive-date=5 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015555/https://face2faceafrica.com/article/diane-rwigara-photos |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yashimangiye ko afite intego yo kwiyamamaza, yiyemeza kwiyamamaza mu rwego rwo guca burundu ubukene, gushyiraho ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima ku isi hose no guharanira ubwisanzure. <ref name="business"/> Ku 7 Nyakanga 2017, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe amatora yabwiye ko ataziyamamaza Rwigara mu matora ku mpamvu za tekiniki, <ref name="guardian">{{Cite web |last=Gardner |first=Tom |date=4 August 2017 |title='Rwanda is like a pretty girl with a lot of makeup, but the inside is dark and dirty' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2017/aug/04/rwanda-pretty-girl-makeup-inside-dark-and-dirty-diane-rwigara-paul-kagame-election |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> avuga ko yakoresheje imikono mpimbano mu ipiganwa rye rya perezida <ref name="AP">{{Cite web |last=Ssuuna |first=Ignatius |date=30 August 2017 |title=Former Rwandan Presidential Candidate Accused of Forgery |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-08-30/former-rwanda-presidential-candidate-accused-of-forgery |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=Bloomberg Politics |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> kandi ko yatanze imikono 572 yemewe aho kuba 600 isabwa. Rwigara yavuze ko yatanze imikono y'abamusinyiye bagera 958, hiyongeraho 120 nyuma yuko bamwe batemerewe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 July 2017 |title=Rwanda disqualifies only female presidential candidate |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-rwanda-election-idUSKBN19S2L6 |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=Reuters}}</ref> Abandi bakandida babiri na bo ntibemerewe, bituma Amnesty International ivuga ko ayo matora azabera mu bihe by'ubwoba no gukandamizwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 July 2017 |title=Three Rwandan Presidential Candidates Disqualified Amid Criticism |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/three-rwandan-presidential-candidates-disqualified/3933118.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=VOA News |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref> Iki cyemezo kandi cyanenzwe na Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y'Amerika n’ubumwe [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Police Investigating Critic Of Rwandan President For Forgery |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2017/08/30/police-investigating-critic-rwandan-president-forgery/ |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=PM News Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="critic">{{Cite web |date=30 August 2017 |title=Critic of Rwandan President Investigated for Forgery |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2017/08/30/world/africa/30reuters-rwanda-opposition.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Kagame yatsinze amatora yo ku ya 4 Kanama n'amajwi 98%. <ref name="AP" /> Rwigara yatangije umutwe w'abaharanira inyungu witwa Agakiza ka Rubanda kugira ngo uhangane n'ubutegetsi ku gitabo cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu, avuga ko inteko ishinga amategeko y'igihugu itarenze kashe. <ref name="guardian" /> <ref name="fake">{{Cite web |last=Busari |first=Stephani |last2=idowu |first2=Torea |date=5 August 2017 |title=Fake nude photos were used to 'silence me', disqualified Rwandan candidate says |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/04/africa/rwanda-election-nude-photos-candidate/index.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akwei |first=ismail |date=15 July 2017 |title=Disqualified Rwandan presidential aspirant forms anti-Kagame movement |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/07/15/disqualified-rwandan-aspirant-forms-anti-kagame-movement// |website=Africa News |access-date=9 June 2023 |archive-date=7 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231207060256/https://www.africanews.com/2017/07/15/disqualified-rwandan-aspirant-forms-anti-kagame-movement/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuryango uharanira agakiza ka rubanda nk'uko Rwigara abitangaza, ngo azakomeza imirimo ye yo gukangurira Abanyarwanda uburenganzira bwabo no kunenga politiki n'ibikorwa [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|by'ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rishinzwe gukunda igihugu]] (FPR). <ref>(14 July 2017 Friday). Diane Rwigara now launches rights movement. ''The East African.'' Retrieved from Nexis Uni.</ref> Ku ya 7 Kamena 2024, Komisiyo y’igihugu ishinzwe amatora (NEC) yanze kandidatire ya Diane Rwigara mu matora y’umukuru w’igihugu ya 2024.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/07/rwanda-opposition-leader-diane-rwigara-barred-from-standing-against-president|title=Rwanda opposition leader barred from standing against president|work=The Guardian|date=07 June 2024|first=|last=}}</ref> === Ifatwa === Ku ya 30 Kanama 2017, inzu ya Rwigara yagabweho igitero, abapolisi bavuga ko arimo gukorwaho iperereza ku mpimbano no kunyereza imisoro. <ref name="AP"/> Umuryango wa Rwigara wavuze ko yabuze, bavuga ko abantu bitwaje imbunda bitazwi bambaye imyenda ya gisivili bamufatanye imbunda mu gihe inzu yashakishwaga, ariko abapolisi bahakana ko yatawe muri yombi. <ref name="critic"/> Ibinyamakuru byinshi byatangaje muri Nzeri 2017 ko Rwigara atarashobora kuboneka kandi umuryango we wakomeje kuvuga ko yabuze. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alfa Shaban |first=Abdur Rahman |date=30 August 2017 |title=Rwanda police must produce 'missing' female critic of Kagame |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/08/31/rwanda-police-must-produce-missing-female-critic-of-kagame/ |access-date=1 September 2017 |website=Africanews}}</ref> Leon Orsmond, umuhanzi wo mugihugu cya Afurika y'Epfo w'amamaza udushya, wafashije Rwigara mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza imbuga nkoranyambaga na we yabuze mu Rwanda kuva mu Gashyantare 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Du Plessis |first=Carien |date=27 July 2018 |title=Five months later, South African still missing in Rwanda |url=https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2018-07-27-five-months-later-south-african-still-missing-in-rwanda/ |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=Daily Maverick}}</ref> Mbere yo kubura, Orsmond ntiyigeze ahisha ko adakunda leta ya Kagame. Muri Kamena 2018, [[Ikigo cy'u Rwanda gishinzwe Imisoro n'Amahoro|ikigo cy’imisoro n’u Rwanda]] cyagurishije imashini ziba mu bucuruzi bw’itabi ry’umuryango ku madolari agera kuri miliyoni 2 mu rwego rwo kugaruza ibyo bavugaga ko ari miliyoni 7 z’ibirarane by’imisoro. <ref name="auction">{{Cite web |date=18 June 2018 |title=Diane Rwigara: Rwandan politician's assets auctioned - BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-44521197 |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=BBC News}}</ref> Cyamunara yabanje kugurisha umutungo w'ubucuruzi bwumuryango wa Rwigara, itabi ryatunganijwe, ryinjije amafaranga arenga miliyoni 500 yu Rwanda. <ref name="auction" /> ikigo Amnesty International yahamagariye ubucamanza bwu Rwanda kureba niba urubanza rutabaye ubundi buryo bwo gutoteza abanenga guverinoma. <ref name="amnesty"/> Muri Kanama 2018, habayeho #FreeDianeRwigara yakoreshwaga nabanya kenya kurubuga rwa Twitter bahamagarira Kagame kurekura Rwigara. Ibi bibaye nyuma y'iminsi mike abakoresha Twitter muri [[Kenya]] babigiriye nk’umudepite wa [[Ubugande|Uganda]],nyuma Robert Kyagulanyi, uzwi cyane ku izina rya Bobby Wine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2018 |title=#FREEBOBBYWINE: KENYANS NOW TURN GUNS ON STRONGMAN KAGAME |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/freebobbywine-kenyans-now-turn-guns-strongman-kagame/ |access-date=25 August 2018 |website=nairobi news}}</ref> Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2018, urukiko rwategetse ko Rwigara na nyina Adeline Rwigara barekurwa by'agateganyo; <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwandan opposition activist Diane Rwigara released on bail |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/10/rwanda-opposition-activist-diane-rwigara-released-bail-181005174901472.html |access-date=2018-10-07 |website=www.aljazeera.com}}</ref> ibi bibaye nyuma y'ibyumweru bike nyuma yo gufungurwa hakiri kare abakatiwe 2140, barimo Victoire Ingabire na [[Kizito Mihigo]]. Nyuma y’umwaka urenga muri gereza, Urukiko Rukuru rw’u Rwanda rwarekuye Rwigara na nyina Adeline ingwate. Basabwe kutava mu murwa mukuru, Kigali, nta ruhushya, kandi urubanza rwabo ruzakomeza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2018 |title=Rwanda: Is Rwanda's Political Thaw Real? |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201810160537.html |access-date=26 October 2018 |website=allAfrica.com}}</ref> Abasenateri benshi bo muri Amerika barimo Dick Durbin, Ann Wagner, Patrick Leahy na Barbara Lee, ndetse n'abagize komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri kongere ya Tom Lantos bahamagariye guverinoma y'u Rwanda kureka ibyo birego kuko ari ukurenga ku bwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo. <ref name="US">{{Cite web |date=2 December 2018 |title=Rwanda tells US to keep off Rwigara trial |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwanda-tells-US-to-keep-off-Rwigara-trial/4552908-4877302-1877y9z/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2018 |title=Rwandan Dissident Draws US Congressional Support |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/rwandan-dissident-draws-us-congressional-support/4678705.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=VOA News}}</ref> Abayobozi b'u Rwanda bashinje abanyapolitiki bo muri Amerika kwivanga mu manza zabo. <ref name="US" /> === Kwemererwa === Ku ya 6 Ukuboza 2018, inteko y'abacamanza batatu b'urukiko rukuru rw'u Rwanda yagizwe umwere Rwigara hamwe na nyina, basanga ibyo baregwa byose bidafite ishingiro. Urukiko rwasanze Rwigara yarakoresheje uburenganzira bwe bwo kuvuga mu kunegura Perezida kandi ko atateje urugomo. Nyina yagizwe umwere kubera guteza imbere amacakubiri, amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko no gukurura urugomo. <ref name="free">{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Ivan R. |date=8 December 2018 |title=Free at last, Rwigara vows to continue fight |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Free-at-last-Rwigara-vows-to-continue-fight/4552908-4886668-cwybgo/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> Rwigara yagejeje ijambo ku bitangazamakuru biri mu cyumba cy'urukiko, agira ati: Nizeye ko ibi bivuze ko ibitotezo njye n'umuryango wanjye twahuye nabyo byarangiye kandi ko mfite umudendezo wo kuvuga icyo ntekereza. Nicyo nzakomeza kurwanira mu gihugu hose. <ref name="free" /> Icyemezo cy'urukiko cyakiriwe neza na Amnesty International, yahamagariye guverinoma y'u Rwanda gukora "hagamijwe guteza imbere ubworoherane no kwemera ibindi bitekerezo kandi binenga." <ref name="free" /> Ubujurire bw'Ubushinjacyaha ku rwego rw'igihugu bwatanze ubujurire bwo ku ya 27 Ukuboza. <ref name="drop">{{Cite web |last=Mugisha |first=Ivan R. |date=9 January 2019 |title=Rwigara welcomes decision to drop appeal, vows to continue with her rights crusade |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/ea/Rwigara-welcomes-decision-to-drop-appeal/4552908-4927390-v8tuu3z/index.html |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The East African}}</ref> Ku ya 9 Mutarama 2019, urwego rw’ubushinjacyaha rwa Kagame, rumaze guhabwa amabwiriza na minisiteri y’ubutabera, rwanze ubujurire bwarwo bwo kuba abere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Himbara |first=David |date=9 January 2019 |title=Diane Rwigara, Adeline Rwigara, And The Bible Humbled Kagame |url=http://www.therwandan.com/diane-rwigara-adeline-rwigara-and-the-bible-humbled-kagame/ |access-date=4 May 2019 |website=The Rwandan}}</ref> Rwigara yishimiye iki cyemezo, avuga ko "azakomeza guharanira ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo n'uburenganzira bwa muntu mu Rwanda." <ref name="drop" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 8r1zkxotqg9p6k9lxft59iiehuuahsf 0 16875 139506 134659 2026-09-23T09:59:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139506 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ashish J. Thakkar''' ni rwiyemezamirimo ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]]. Niwe washinze Mara Group na Mara Foundation, akaba ari nawe washinze Atlas Mara Limited. Thakkar akaba yavukiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], ariko yimukira muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba akiri ingimbi mbere yo gushinga Mara Group, ihuriro ry’Abanyafurika, afite imyaka 15. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2013 |title=Ashish J. Thakkar: Shaking Africa's business universe |url=http://africanbusinessmagazine.com/features/profile/ashish-j-thakkar-shaking-africas-business-universe |access-date=10 February 2014 |publisher=African Business Magazine}}</ref> Ibikorwa bya Mara Group nishoramari bikorera m'ubihugu bigera 22 by'Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maritz |first=Jaco |date=5 October 2014 |title=Why Ashish Thakkar's Mara Group has its head office in Dubai |url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/why-ashish-thakkars-mara-group-has-its-head-office-in-dubai/43875/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=How We Made It in Africa |archive-date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021171209/http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/why-ashish-thakkars-mara-group-has-its-head-office-in-dubai/43875/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni umwanditsi w'Intare Ikanguka, Ibyabaye mu gitangaza cyu bukungu bwa Afurika. Thakkar ni umwe mu bagize ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi ku bayobozi bato ku isi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashish Thakkar |url=http://www.weforum.org/young-global-leaders/ashish-j-thakkar |access-date=24 April 2013 |publisher=World Economic Forum}}</ref> kandi yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ikinyamakuru Fortune ku rutonde rwa mbere imunsi 40 y’imyaka 40 muri 2013. Yahawe igihembo cya Base Leadership Award mu birori bya MTV Africa Music Awards 2014 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2014 |title=2014 MTV Africa Music Awards winners |url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/480/114499.html |access-date=11 June 2014 |publisher=Bizcommunity.com}}</ref> ikinyamakuru Esquire y'amwise umuntu w’umwaka wo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati muri 2016. <ref>http://www.esquireme.com/content/19132-lessons-from-an-entrepreneur-ashish-j-thakkar</ref> Muri 2015, Thakkar yagizwe Umuyobozi w’Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe kwihangira imirimo ku isi naho muri 2017, agirwa umuyobozi w’itsinda ngishwanama ry’urubyiruko rwa Perezida muri Banki nyafurika ishinzwe iterambere; == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Umuryango wa Thakkar wimukiye muri leta ya Gujarat yo mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] muri Afurika mu 1890. <ref>{{Cite web |last=G Seetharaman |title=Mara group's Ashish Thakkar: How he established a multi-million dollar, pan-African group |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-26/news/46601958_1_uganda-africa-rwanda |access-date=24 October 2015 |website=The economic times |quote=Thakkar's paternal great grandfather moved from Gujarat to Uganda in 1890 to trade in maize, cotton and other commodities. But his family had to leave Uganda in 1972 when the country's dictatorial leader Idi Amin ordered the expulsion of Asians. His parents moved to the UK, where they set up a business trading women's fashion goods and where Thakkar was born. |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055534/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-26/news/46601958_1_uganda-africa-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thakkar yavukiye i Leicester muri 1981. Yabayeho mu bwana bwe mu ishuri rya Rushey Mead mu itsinda rya Belvoir S. Ababyeyi be bari barimukiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] mu 1972 igihe [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] yashyiraga mu bikorwa kwirukana Abanyaziya muri Uganda. Thakkar n'umuryango we basubiye muri Afurika gutura mu [[Rwanda]] mbere yuko bongera guhatirwa kugenda kubera [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. Umuryango wa Thakkar wahungiye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mbere yo gutura muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] nk'impunzi. <ref name="bbcnews" /> Ku myaka 15, Thakkar yaretse ishuri kugira ngo atangire ubucuruzi bwe ku nguzanyo y'amadorari 5,000. <ref name="fortune40" /> == Umwuga == Thakkar yashinze isosiyete ye bwite, yitwa Mara Group, muri 1996 afite imyaka 15. Yatangiye atumiza ibice bya mudasobwa birimo ahanini claviers, mouses, na desktops kuva m'urugendo rwa buri cyumweru i Dubai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christina Farr |date=7 August 2012 |title=Genocide refugee, CEO, and astronaut-to-be gives back to Africa with accelerator |url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/08/07/ugandan-accelerator-mara-startups/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[Venture Beat]] |archive-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205035423/http://venturebeat.com/2012/08/07/ugandan-accelerator-mara-startups/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thakkar amaze kubona inguzanyo y'amadorari 5,000 yo gutangiza isosiyete ye, yafunguye ubucuruzi buciriritse bwa IT m'isoko ry’ubucuruzi hakurya y'umuhanda uva mu iduka rya se i Kampala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayesha Durgahee |last2=Jessica Ellis |date=24 April 2013 |title=Tycoon to fly African flags in space |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/24/business/ashish-thakkar-mara-africa/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, Thakkar yaguye Mara Group mu inganda, imitungo itimukanwa, ubuhinzi na serivisi za IT. Nyuma Thakkar yimuye icyicaro gikuru i Dubai, ariko akomereza ubucuruzi muri Afurika. Muri 2013, Thakkar yatangaje kubufatanye na Bob Diamond gutangiza Atlas Mara, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chad Bray |date=9 December 2013 |title=Robert Diamond Aims to Make Banking Comeback – in Africa |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/12/09/robert-diamond-to-make-banking-comeback-in-africa/?_r=0 |access-date=27 November 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]] Dealbook}}</ref> isosiyete ishora imari mu bigo by’a mabanki y’ubucuruzi mur'afurika. Diamond wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Barclays, na Thakkar bahuriye mu nama babinyujije ku ruhande rwabo, hari Mara Foundation na Fondasiyo ya Diamond. Thakkar na Diamond bakusanyije inkunga ingana na miliyoni 325 z'amadolari y'amerika mu Kuboza 2013, mbere yo gushyira ku rutonde iyi sosiyete ku isoko ry'imigabane rya London. Igiciro cy'imigabane cyakomeje kugabanuka gahoro gahoro kandi kigera cyatakaje 95% byigiciro cya IPO. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA.LN - Atlas Mara Limited Stock Technical Chart |url=https://www.barchart.com/stocks/quotes/ATMA.LN/technical-chart?plot=BAR&volume=0&data=MO&density=X&pricesOn=1&asPctChange=0&logscale=0&sym=ATMA.LN&grid=1&height=500&studyheight=100}}</ref> Ikimenyetso cya ticker i Londres ni ATMA. LN, m'ugihe muri Amerika, amatike yari AAMAF. == Ibindi bikorwa == Thakkar yashinze ikigo Mara Foundation, isosiyete idaharanira inyungu itanga inama kandi igatera inkunga ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato bo mu Afurika, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Cassidy |date=16 May 2013 |title=Ashish Thakkar and the Mara Group Take A Flying Leap at Becoming The Skype Facebook, Google Talk of Africa |url=http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/05/16/ashish-thakkar-and-the-mara-group-take-a-flying-leap-at-becoming-the-skype-facebook-google-talk-of-africa/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[Silicon Beat]] |archive-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205071318/http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/05/16/ashish-thakkar-and-the-mara-group-take-a-flying-leap-at-becoming-the-skype-facebook-google-talk-of-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> muri 2009. Mara Mentor, yari porogaramu igendanwa ihuza ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato n’inzobere mu bucuruzi, yatangijwe binyuze muri Mara Foundations. Muri Kamena 2014, Thakkar yitabiriye ibirori bya Global Accelerator yakiriwe na Fondasiyo y’umuryango w’a bibumbye hamwe ibiro by’umuryango w’abibumbye bishinzwe ubufatanye kugira ngo baganire ku kwihangira imirimo mu ntego za Loni. Thakkar yerekanye kandi akora mu birori bya ba rwiyemezamirimo barenga 100 n'abayobozi ba Loni barimo Michael Dell, Barbara Bush na Arianna Huffington. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the United Nations Office for Partnerships |url=https://www.un.org/partnerships/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=United Nations Office of Partnerships}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2014, Thakkar yitabiriye inama y’Amerika n'afurika, yakiriwe ndetse na White House, ari kumwe na [[Bill Clinton]] wahoze ari Perezida w'amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2014 |title=Ashish J. Thakkar, US-Africa Leader's Summit |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?c4506084/ashish-j-thakkar-us-africa-leaders-summit |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[C-SPAN]]}}</ref> Yagiye kandi mu ishyirahamwe ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bagore, kandi yari umushyitsi mukuru mu nama y’urubyiruko y’a bagiraneza ya Emirates Foundation muri Gushyingo 2014. == Reba kandi == * Atlas Mara Co-Nvest Limited == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606035613/https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=46292 Harvard Business School Mara Group Case Study] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] cf7uff9u5b2fsks19az5rly6q6s91o3 0 16940 139121 132878 2026-09-23T02:38:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139121 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Akarusho.jpg|thumb|Sina Gerard]] '''Sina Gérard''' (yavutse muri 1963) ni [[Rwiyemezamirimo mu Rwanda|rwiyemezamirimo]] w'umunyaRwanda, akaba ari nyir'umuyobozi w'ikigo gitunganya ibiribwa rwitwa [[Entreprise Urwibutso]]. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerard |first=Ese URWIBUTSO, NYIRANGARAMA, Sina Corp |title=Sina Rwanda |url=https://sinarwanda.com |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=sinarwanda.com}}</ref> Ni n'umworozi w'ingurube, ukora ibiti, nyir'imigati, nyiri supermarket, ukora ibirungo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-11-18 |title=Is it possible to be a Jack of All Trades? Meet Sina Gerard, the Serial Entrepreneur in Rwanda – Smallstarter Africa |url=http://www.smallstarter.com/get-inspired/sina-gerard-the-rwandan-serial-entrepreneur/ |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=smallstarter.com |archive-date=2018-10-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181001030707/http://www.smallstarter.com/get-inspired/sina-gerard-the-rwandan-serial-entrepreneur/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yavukiye mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Ntara y'Amajyaruguru]], akarere ka Rulindo; umurenge wa Bushoki na cerile ya Nyirangarama. Nyuma,, yubatse izina rye kubera ingaruka z'ubucuruzi ku baturage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwiharika ni byo byatumye ngera aha – Sina Gerard |url=http://igihe.com/abantu/success-stories/kwiharika-ni-byo-byatumye-ngera-aha-sina-gerard |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=igihe.com |language=rw}}</ref> Ni umugabo w'ubatse kandi afite abana 5 (abakobwa gusa). Sina Gerard azwiho ubwitange mu iterambere ryaho. Isosiyete yatangije mriu 1983, Urwibutso Enterprises, yavuye mu iduka rito igera ku mashami menshi hirya no hino mu gihugu cy'u Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Info |url=http://www.sweetpotatoknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Urwibutso.pdf |access-date=2020-01-24 |publisher=www.sweetpotatoknowledge.org |archive-date=2018-12-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215223151/http://www.sweetpotatoknowledge.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Urwibutso.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Isosiyete Urwibutso, yatanze akazi 280 k'igihe cyose n'akazi 600 k'igihe gito mu cyaro aho Sina akomoka. Isosiyete ikorana n'impuzandengo y'imiryango 3.000 ifitanye isano n'ubuhinzi. Sina kandi yahaye abahinzi basezeranye na gahunda mbonezamubano nko gutera inkunga inguzanyo ziciriritse, uburezi, na gahunda yo guhugura ubuhinzi. Ingaruka z'umurimo we zamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga, kandi yahawe ibihembo byinshi na yo. Urutonde rwibihembo bye birimo ikamba rya Diamond International Quality Crown na New Era Award for Technology, hamwe Quality, na Innovation, and Made muri Rwanda Award. <ref name="made_in_rwanda">{{Cite web |title=Ibirori byatangiwemo ibihembo bya 'Made in Rwanda' ku byamamare mu ngeri zitandukanye (Amafoto) |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibirori-byatangiwemo-ibihembo-bya-made-in-rwanda-ku-byamamare-mu-ngeri |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=igihe.com |language=rw}}</ref> Kuri ubu Sina ni umwe mu bagabo bakize cyane mu Rwanda kandi Urwibutso Enterprises ni ubwami bw’amadorari miliyoni menshi. <ref name="Allison">{{Cite web |last=Allison |first=Simon |date=10 August 2018 |title=A pilgrimage to the home of Africa's finest chilli sauce |url=https://mg.co.za/article/2018-08-10-00-a-pilgrimage-to-the-home-of-africas-finest-chilli-sauce/ |access-date=15 January 2019 |website=Mail & Guardian}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Tangira === Sina Gérard yatangije Urwibutso Enterprises afite imyaka 20, muri 1983. Yakoresheje imari shingiro y'amafaranga miliyoni 33.000 (agaciro kyo muri 2013) kandi atanga umusaruro mubuhinzi bwababyeyi be kugirango atangire imigati mito. Hamwe n’imigati ye, yashyize umukono ku nkono ya Urwibutso, nyuma yaje kuba izina ryimishinga myinshi. Igihe imigati ye yatangiraga gutanga umusaruro ku ishoramari, Sina yagutse maze yinjira mu gukora imbuto-umutobe. === Umwuga wo hagati === Muri 1999, abonye ko ibicuruzwa bye bishya byongeweho byagenze neza, ishora imari muri bikoresho byo gukora umutobe. Sina yafatanije na bahinzi benshi baho, bashora imari mubushakashatsi bwubuhanga bwo kubungabunga umutobe. Imitobe ya Agashya, cyane nectar y'imbuto, nayo yamenyekanye kumasoko. <ref name="Sina Rwanda">{{Cite web |last=Gerard |first=Ese URWIBUTSO, NYIRANGARAMA, Sina Corp |title=Sina Rwanda |url=https://www.sinarwanda.com/ |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=sinarwanda.com}}</ref> Sina yahise atandukanya imishinga ye kurushaho: yongeyeho umushinga w'ingurube; [[inka]], [[ihene]], ibice byo korora urukwavu; n'umuvinyu n'umusaruro wa chili. [[Shili|Chili]] Akabanga yabaye kimwe mu bicuruzwa akoresha cyane, atari mu [[Rwanda]] gusa, ahubwo no ku mugabane wa Afurika no mu bindi bice by'isi. <ref name="Sina Rwanda" /> Sina avuga kuri Akabanga, Bisobanura ikintu nk' ibanga '. Nushira ku biryo byawe, uzumva ibanga<ref name="Allison"/>. === 2000 === == Ibyagezweho == * Igikombe cy'ikamba ryiza rya Diamond muri 2011. <ref name="BBC_News_Gahuza">{{Cite web |date=28 November 2011 |title=Urwibutso Entreprise yaronse igihembo ca IQC |url=https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2011/11/111128_urwibutso |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=BBC News Gahuza |language=rw}}</ref> * Igihembo gishya cya Era kubijyanye n'ikoranabuhanga, ubuziranenge no guhanga udushya muri 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sina Gérard yongeye gukura ikindi gikombe mu Budage – Sina Rwanda |url=https://sinarwanda.com/spip.php?article25 |access-date=28 November 2018 |website=sinarwanda.com |archive-date=9 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180713/https://sinarwanda.com/spip.php?article25 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Yakozwe mu Rwanda Igihembo muri 2018. <ref name="made_in_rwanda"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] 83d5h1i32i85bl2mjynnwfs5akd3yly 0 16964 139309 128033 2026-09-23T07:44:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139309 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" |+Tantalizers !Inganda !Resitora |- |'''Yashinzwe''' |Mu mwaka wa 1997; hashize imyaka 26 ikorera muri Festac Town |- |'''Icyicaro gikuru''' |Lagos |- |'''Abantu b'ingenzi''' |Folu Ayeni |- |'''Ibicuruzwa''' |Ibiryo byihuse, harimo ibiryohereye bya Nigeriya |- |'''Urubuga''' |[https://web.archive.org/web/20230610095901/https://septembermccarthy.com/ tantalizersing.com] |}   '''Tantalizers''' ni umuyoboro wambere wihuta kandi ukagira ibiryo bimeze neza bya abanijeriya. <ref name="Williams Shenley 2012 p. 100">https://books.google.rw/books?id=omL5460steUC&pg=PA100&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> <ref>https://thenationonlineng.net/fast-food-industry-not-so-fast-anymore/</ref> Yafunguye aho gukorera ha mbere ahagana mu mwaka wa 1997 mumujyi wa Festac, Lagos. Aha hantu bwa mbere habanje resitora ntoya y'abaturanyi yakoraga hamburg. Intsinzi ya mbere babonye aha hantu yabagejeje ku kwaguka kwatumye habaho sosiyete ndetse banaboneraho impushya zo gufungura andi ma resitora mumijyi nka Lagos, Ibadan, [[Abuja]], na Port Harcourt. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, iyi resitora yari ifite andi mashami agera kuri 50 muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tantalizers homepage |url=http://www.tantalizersnig.com/ |access-date=21 August 2015 |publisher=Tantalizers |archive-date=14 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814172632/http://www.tantalizersnig.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tantalizers itanga ibiryo byihuta byo muri Nigeriya nk'ibinyama, umugati urimo amagi, inkoko, umuceri wa jollof, umuceri ukaranze, keke, na hamburg. <ref name="Independent Nigeria 2017">{{Cite web |date=November 29, 2017 |title=Tantalizers Opens Outlet In Surulere |url=https://independent.ng/tantalizers-opens-outlet-surulere/ |access-date=December 27, 2017 |website=Independent Nigeria}}</ref> <ref name="Williams Shenley 2012 p. 175">https://books.google.rw/books?id=omL5460steUC&pg=PA175&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa resitora za hamburger == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221207075833/https://tantalizersnig.com/ Urubuga rwa Tantalizers] [[Ikiciro:Resitora]] [[Ikiciro:Nijeriya]] izwo79qa439ko4of2nswxqsk8ocrnht 0 16967 139501 134367 2026-09-23T09:59:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139501 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:African Bank Investments Limited (ABIL) Logo used in 2013.png|thumb|Ishoramari muri Africa]] '''Ishoramari muri [[Afurika]]''' ni ibikorwa byo gushyira imari mu bikorwa by’ubukungu, imishinga cyangwa imitungo bigamije kubona inyungu mu gihe kizaza. Rikorwa n’abashoramari bo ku mugabane wa Afurika ndetse n’abaturuka mu mahanga, kandi rikorwa mu nzego zirimo ibikorwa remezo, ubuhinzi, ingufu, ikoranabuhanga, ubucuruzi n’inganda<ref>https://unctad.org/topic/investment/world-investment-report</ref> == Amateka == Umugabane wa [[Afurika]] ukomeje kwakira igice gito cy’ishoramari mpuzamahanga ugereranyije n’indi migabane, ariko ukagaragaza amahirwe menshi yo kubona inyungu ku bashoramari. Ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, umutungo kamere, amasoko agenda yaguka ndetse n’ivugurura ry’amategeko agamije koroshya ubucuruzi biri mu bituma inyota yo gushora imari muri [[Afurika]] ikomeza kwiyongera <ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukungu/ubucuruzi/article/ihangana-ry-amahuriro-y-imari-riri-guca-ibintu-muri-afurika-u-rwanda</ref> Mugihe mu mwaka wa 2050 ahandi kw'isi abaturage bazaba bagabanuka muri Afurika ho bazaba barikubye aho bazaba bangana na 25̥% by'abaturage batuye isi bose bavuye kuri 17%. <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Family photo of leaders, country representative and key speakers at the UK-Africa Investment Summit (49413138528).jpg|thumb|Ifoto y'abahagarariye Ubushoramari]] == Imbogamizi == Nubwo [[Afurika]] ifite amahirwe menshi y’ishoramari, hari imbogamizi zikomeje kugabanya umuvuduko w’ishoramari kuri uyu mugabane. Muri zo harimo imiyoborere idahagije, ruswa, amakimbirane ya politiki, umutekano muke, ibibazo by’ibikorwa remezo ndetse n’amabwiriza y’ubucuruzi adahoraho mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Izi nzitizi zishobora gutuma bamwe mu bashoramari bagira impungenge zo gushora imari yabo muri Afurika cyangwa bagasaba ingamba zihariye zo kugabanya ibyago by’ishoramari.<ref name=":0" /> == Ingamba zo koroshya ishoramari muri Afurika == Umugabane w'[[Afurika|Afuri]]<nowiki/>ka witeze imbaraga mu ishoramari riturutse hanze y'umugabane w'[[afurika]] aho rizatiza imbaraga ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo ribariwa muyagera kuri Miliyari 108̯$ ku mwaka.<ref name=":0" /> Raporo ya W orld Bank Doinng Busoness ya 2017 yari ibaye ku nshuro ya 14, aho iba isuzuma amabwiriza n'ibisabwa kugirango mu gihugu runaka umuntu atangire bizinesi.<ref name=":1">https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/u-rwanda-ku-mwanya-wa-kabiri-muri-afurika-mu-koroshya-ishoramari</ref> Muri ibyo harimo kureba uko umuntu yoroherezwa gutangira businesi, guhabwa ibyangombwa byo kubaka, kugezwaho amashanyarazi, kwandikisha umutungo, kubona inguzanyo, kurinda abashoramari baciriritse n'ibindi birimo kwishyura imisoro.<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro: == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 6hr0fanz2gme7dfbgohu2ceiqhm2r8m 0 16972 139490 135701 2026-09-23T09:54:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139490 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vine monument.jpg|thumb|vine monument]] Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu [[Rwanda]] ririmo guhinduka vuba mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cyo muri 21. [[Dosiye:Rwanda_electricity_production.svg|thumb|400x400px| Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda]] == Amashanyarazi == === Umuyoboro === Ingano y'amashanyarazi ni nke cyane kandi yibanze cyane hafi ya Kigali. Benshi mu gihugu bakoresha inkwi nk’isoko nya mukuru y’ingufu. U Rwanda ruteganya kwaguka kuva kuri MW 276 z'amashanyarazi muri 2022 rukagera kuri MW 556 muri 2024 kandi rushobora gutumiza amashanyarazi y’inyongera mu bihugu duturanye. Byongeye kandi, irimo gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba ntoya mu gihugu hose kugira ngo ingo ziherereye mu turere twa gride zitabona amashanyarazi, cyangwa zifashe guhangana n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, guverinoma irateganya kugeza amashanyarazi ku baturage 100% mu 2024, bitandukanye na 74.5% muri 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Feng |first=Jun |title=Electricity Access |url=https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/access |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=}}</ref> === Igisekuru === Hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi bigarukira, u Rwanda rufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Amashanyarazi menshi mu gihugu aturuka ku mashanyarazi. <ref>[http://www.panapress.com/Solar-power-stations-to-supply-Rwandan-schools-with-electricity--13-798739-17-lang2-index.html Solar power stations to supply Rwandan schools with electricity], PANA, 6 October 2011</ref> Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi wagize 4% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihugu muri 2014, ==== Amashanyarazi ==== 53% by'amashanyarazi bitangwa niganda nto z'amashanyarazi. Mu mpera za 2018, uruganda rw’amashanyarazi ruhuza u Rwanda rwatanze nka 221.1 MW. ==== Umwuka wa gaze ==== Umushinga wa [[KivuWatt Power Station|KivuWatt]] ni umushinga w'ingufu zo gukuramo gaze karemano yashonze mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] no gukoresha gaze yakuwe mu kubyara amashanyarazi. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Killer lake's renewable potential |url=http://www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7/gas/killer-lake-renewable-potential |access-date=2016-11-16 |website=www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7 |publisher=Twentyfour7 |archive-date=2016-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063136/http://www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7/gas/killer-lake-renewable-potential |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2016, urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa MW 25 rushobora gutanga ingufu zihagije ku bantu 45.000 mu Rwanda. Biteganijwe ko umushinga wo kwagura ibikorwa uzongerwaho MW 26 z'a mashanyarazi mu cyiciro cyayo cya mbere, kandi amaherezo uzagera kuri MW 100 mu myaka iri imbere. <ref name="auto" /> ==== Ikigereranyo cyizuba ==== Umurima wa mbere ufite ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hanze y'afurika y'Epfo ni uruganda rwa MW 8.5 ku Mudugudu w'Urubyiruko rwa Agahozo Shalom, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]], Intara y'Iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Yakodesheje hectare zigera 20 z'ubutaka mu mudugudu akaba ari umugiraneza wo kubakira no kwigisha abahohotewe [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|na jenoside mu Rwanda]]. Uruganda rukoresha amashanyarazi 28,360 kandi rutanga 6% yu muriro w'amashanyarazi mu gihugu. Uyu mushinga wubatswe n’abahanga muri [[Amerika]], [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Noruveje]], [[Finilande]] n’[[Ubwongereza]]. <ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/New-Tech/In-Rwanda-Israelis-and-Americans-launch-East-Africas-first-commercial-solar-field-390197 In Rwanda, Israelis and Americans launch East Africa’s first commercial solar field], ''Jeruslaem Post'', February 6, 2015</ref> ==== Micro izuba ==== Imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yariyongereye kuko ibiciro by'izuba byagabanutse kandi uduce twinshi ntitwiteze guhuza imiyoboro ya vuba. Imirasire y'izuba itanga amashanyarazi arenga 2% mu gihugu. Igihugu kiri mu kwaguka byihuse umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kandi hashyizweho ibihingwa byinshi bishya cyangwa byubakwa. ==== Biomass ==== Biomass ni isoko yingenzi y'ingufu zikoreshwa hifashishijwe inkwi n'imyanda yu buhinzi mu guteka. Muri 2014, ibyo byagaragaje 85% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu Rwanda. <ref name="Peat">[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rwanda-prepares-to-switch-on-africas-first-peat-fired-power-plant-reports-kt-press-350348778.html Rwanda Prepares to Switch on Africa's First Peat Fired Power Plant, Reports KT Press], ''PRNewswire'', October 24, 2014</ref> Peat iva mu bishanga byo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda bizatanga amashanyarazi abiri. Uruganda rwa MW 15 rwa mbere ruteganijwe kumurongo muri 2015 hamwe nuwa kabiri, uruganda rwa MW 80, ruteganijwe muri 2017. {| class="wikitable" |+<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2022 |title=POWER AFRICA IN RWANDA &#124; Power Africa &#124; U.S. Agency for International Development |url=https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/rwanda |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605155041/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! Ubwoko bw'ibisekuru ! Ubushobozi bwashyizweho 2019 (MW) |- | Ubushyuhe | 103 |- | Amashanyarazi | 98 |- | Imirasire y'izuba | 12 |- | Igiteranyo | 213 |} == Andi masoko y'ingufu == Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, cyane mu bwikorezi, byagaragaje 11% by’ingufu z’u Rwanda muri 2014. N’ubwo bivugwa ko u Rwanda rufite peteroli na gaze gasanzwe hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y’ikiyaga cya Kivu]], guhera muri 2014, nta musaruro w’umutungo wabonetse kandi ibyifuzo byatumijwe mu mahanga. [[Kenya - Uganda - U Rwanda Ibikomoka kuri peteroli|Umuyoboro wa peteroli wa Kenya - Uganda - Rwanda]] watwara peteroli hagati yibi bihugu niyubakwa. == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda * EARP Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] r70fee6i7eppz2z6li4dc3m94f9ihkq 0 16989 139122 100448 2026-09-23T02:38:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139122 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuhanda wa ruguru''' ( Northern Corridor )ni inzira ihuze kandi ikomeye y'ogutwara abantu n'ibinyu mu bihugu byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba no Hagati nko mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], Uburasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|DR Congo]], [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] na [[Uganda]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Northern Corridor Transit and Transportation Coordination Authority |url=http://www.ttcanc.org/page.php?id=11 |access-date=4 August 2017 |archive-date=3 February 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064253/http://www.ttcanc.org/page.php?id=11 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuyoboro munini wo gutwara abantu mu majyaruguru uhuza icyambu cya Mombasa kandi harimo n' umuhanda wa gari ya moshi za Kenya Railways Corporation na Uganda Railways Corporation; ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi; inzira y'amazi yo mu gihugu imbere; kontineri isanzwe ifatwa nkaho ari ICD ( Inland Container Depots ); Icyambu cya Tororo Imbere - amasezerano yahawe na Great Lakes Ports Limited yo muri Kenya mu gihe abatavuga rumwe n’ibigo bitwara ibicuruzwa n’abatwara amakamyo; bongeyeho umuyoboro wa peteroli. Ubundi buryo bwo gutwara abantu bukorera mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari bidafite inkombe binyuze muri [[Tanzaniya]], bwitwa [[Umuhanda wo hagati (Afurika)|Umuhanda wo hagati]] uhuza Dar es Salaam. Ibi bifashisha umurongo wo hagati wa Tanzaniya. == Inkomoko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] hpu0xrziw4vtt3k4krf3j3nmojjga5o 0 16992 139333 125171 2026-09-23T07:48:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139333 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wu Rwanda''' ni gahunda ya gari ya moshi, irimo gutezwa imbere, ihuza igihugu n'ibihugu bituranye nka [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Biteganijwe ko ubwo buryo buzahuzwa, mu gihe kiri imbere, n’abandi baturanyi b’u Rwanda, [[Uburundi|u Burundi]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], mu rwego rwo gutegura neza igishushanyo mbonera cya gari ya moshi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Binyuze muri Uganda, SGR izemerera kugera ku cyambu cya Mombasa cya [[Kenya]], u Rwanda rwinjira mu nyanja. Kubera ko nta muyoboro wa gari ya moshi wari usanzweho, u Rwanda rutezimbere gahunda ya gari ya moshi kuva kera. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Mugabo |first=Peter |date=15 January 2018 |title=Rwanda Bypasses Uganda For Its Own Standard Gauge Railway Line |url=http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured2/32688/rwanda-bypasses-uganda-for-its-own-standard-gauge-railway-line/ |access-date=19 September 2018 |publisher=NewsofRwanda.com |location=Kigali |archive-date=7 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200207163237/http://www.newsofrwanda.com/featured2/32688/rwanda-bypasses-uganda-for-its-own-standard-gauge-railway-line/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Aho biherereye == Sisitemu ya gari ya moshi izaba igizwe n'ibice byinshi by'ingenzi: ; Igice cya Rusumo - Kigali Iki gice, gipima kilometero 150, ni igice cya gari ya moshi Isaka - Kigali Standard Gauge, gari ya moshi ihuriweho na guverinoma y'u Rwanda na Tanzaniya. <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Kang'ereha |first=Dorcas |date=15 January 2018 |title=Tanzania and Rwanda plan to construct a Standard Gauge Railway |url=https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/01/tanzania-rwanda-plans-construct-standard-gauge-railway/ |access-date=19 September 2018 |publisher=Construction Review Online |location=Nairobi |archive-date=19 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180919171945/https://constructionreviewonline.com/2018/01/tanzania-rwanda-plans-construct-standard-gauge-railway/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Biteganijwe ko kubaka bizatangira mu Kwakira 2018, [ bikeneye kuvugururwa ] igice cya Rusumo - Kigali giteganijwe gutwara miliyoni 847 z'amadolari. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Kabona |first=Esiara |date=29 January 2018 |title=Isaka-Kigali SGR works to start in October |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Isaka-Kigali-SGR-works-to-start-in-October/2560-4283062-13m736h/index.html |access-date=19 September 2018}}</ref> ; Igice cya Kigali - Rubavu SGR imaze kugera i Kigali, biteganijwe ko guverinoma y'u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo izakora uburyo bwo kwagura iyi gari ya moshi kugera ku butaka bwa DR Congo. Igice kuva Kigali kugera Rubavu ni kilometero 150 . <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Globefeed.com |date=15 December 2018 |title=Distance between Kigali, Nyarugeng, Umujyi Wa Kigali, RWA and Rubavu, Iburengerazuba, RWA |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?vr=apes&fromplace=Kigali,%20Nyarugeng,%20Umujyi%20Wa%20Kigali,%20RWA&toplace=Rubavu,%20Iburengerazuba,%20RWA |access-date=15 December 2018 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Ntirenganya |first=Emmanuel |date=12 December 2018 |title=Proposed Isaka-Kigali railway could be extended to Rubavu |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/proposed-isaka-kigali-railway-could-be-extended-rubavu |access-date=15 December 2018 |location=Kigali}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2019, guverinoma ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] yerekanye ubushake bwo kugira uruhare mu nyigo ishoboka SGR igera i [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]] na [[Goma]]. <ref name="XXR">{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel Onyango |date=26 June 2019 |title=Rwanda-Tanzania SGR To Go To Eastern DRC |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/Rwanda-Tanzania-SGR-to-go-to-eastern-DRC/4552902-5170312-oehofhz/index.html |access-date=27 June 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> ; Ikibuga cya Kigali - Bugesera - Igice cya Nemba Iki gice, gipima kilometero 60, kuva i Masaka, mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]], unyuze ku [[Ikibuga muzamahanga cy'indege cya Bugesera|Kibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera]] kugera i Nemba, ku mupaka mpuzamahanga n'Uburundi, ntikirahabwa umushoramari, guhera muri Nzeri 2018. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Globefeed.com |date=19 September 2018 |title=Distance between Masaka, Kigali, Rwanda and Nemba Primary School, Rwanda |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Masaka%2C%20Kigali%2C%20Rwanda&toplace=Nemba%20Primary%20School%2C%20Rwanda&dt1=ChIJN9cdUKpX2xkRgSlIAGSBatQ&dt2=ChIJBUfjkC-hxBkRWtWdot0NAHU&sr=dc |access-date=19 September 2018 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yiyemeje kugeza SGR ku Kibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, ku ngengo y’imari ingana na miliyoni 85 z'amadolari. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Kabona |first=Esiara |date=14 January 2018 |title=Rwanda's SGR cargo, passenger terminals confirmed |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/Business/Rwanda-SGR-cargo-passenger-terminals-confirmed-/1433224-4263180-pr7hrdz/index.html |access-date=19 September 2018 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> ; Igice cya Kagitumba - Kigali Iyo gari ya moshi ya Uganda Standard Gauge yubatswe, SGR yo muri Uganda iteganijwe guhuza u Rwanda SGR kuri Mirama Hills / Kagitumba. Kuva aho, umurongo wanyuraga Nyagatare, [[Akarere ka Gatsibo|Gatsibo]], [[Akarere ka Gicumbi|Gicumbi]], Rwamagana, [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] ukarangirira i Masaka kubera imizigo na Ndera kubagenzi. <ref name="7R"/> Iki gice gipima hafi {{Convert|170|km|0}} . <ref name="8R">{{Cite web |last=Globefeed.com |date=19 September 2018 |title=Distance between Kagitumba, Rwanda and Masaka, Kigali, Rwanda |url=https://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kagitumba%2C%20Rwanda&toplace=Masaka%2C%20Kigali%2C%20Rwanda&dt1=ChIJK3e2OYvh2xkRSKoNLHauUEM&dt2=ChIJN9cdUKpX2xkRgSlIAGSBatQ&sr=dc |access-date=19 September 2018 |publisher=Globefeed.com}}</ref> == Incamake == Iyi milimetero 1435 umurongo wa gari ya moshi ugamije koroshya koherezana hagati y’ibyambu bya Dar es Salaam na Mombasa, i [[Kigali]] mu Rwanda hanyuma i [[Bujumbura]] mu Burundi, na [[Goma]], muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. <ref name="1R"/> Mu rwego rwo guhuza abaturanyi bayo Uganda na Tanzaniya, u Rwanda ruzakoresha amashanyarazi mu guha ingufu za lokomoteri. Ibi bizafasha umuvuduko wa gari ya moshi zitwara abagenzi kwiyongera kugera kuri {{Convert|160|km}} ku isaha hamwe na moteri yimizigo kugera kuri kilometero 120 ku isaha. <ref name="9R">{{Cite web |last=Briginshaw |first=David |date=12 March 2018 |title=Tanzania-Rwanda standard-gauge line to be electrified |url=https://www.railjournal.com/africa/tanzania-rwanda-standard-gauge-line-to-be-electrified |access-date=19 September 2018 |publisher=Railjournal.com |location=New York City}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2018, ikinyamakuru cya East African cyatangaje ko kubaka bizatangira mu Kuboza 2018. <ref name="10R">{{Cite web |last=Onyango |first=Emmanuel |date=29 October 2018 |title=Building of Isaka-Kigali railway to start in December |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Building-of-Isaka-Kigali-railway-to-start-in-December/2560-4827162-aucmq0/index.html |access-date=30 October 2018 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Gari ya moshi isanzwe * Uganda Standard Gauge * Gariyamoshi Isaka - Kigali * Igishushanyo mbonera cya Gari ya moshi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanda]] 7etu2iv0ys8u061o7wjnx63ekg8cgys 0 17006 139462 128754 2026-09-23T09:47:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139462 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Burundi_(orthographic_projection).svg|thumb| [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aho iherereye]] [[Dosiye:Republic bank of Burundi in Rumonge.jpg|thumb|'''Republic bank of Burundi in Rumonge''']] [[Uburundi]], ku mugaragaro ni Repubulika y’Uburundi, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe mu karere ka [[Ibiyaga Bigari|Afurika y’ibiyaga bigari]] byo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Afurika, gihana imbibi n’u [[Rwanda]] mu majyaruguru, [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba. Inganda nini mu Burundi [[Ubuhinzi|n’ubuhinzi]], bungana na 30% by'Umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu. <ref name="cia">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ CIA – The World Factbook – Burundi] [[CIA]]. Retrieved June 8, 2008.</ref> Uturima tw'ikikoni ni 90% by'ubuhinzi. <ref name="autogenerated1">Eggers, p. xlvii.</ref> Igice kinini cy'injiza amafaranga menshi ni [[ikawa]], kurugero rwa 93% by’ibyoherezwa mu Burundi. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86543-003-9</ref> U Burundi ni kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi, bitewe na geografiya yayo idafite inkombe, <ref name="cia" /> amategeko mabi, kutagira ubwisanzure mu bukungu, kutabona amashuri, no gukwirakwiza virusi itera SIDA. Abagera ku 80% by'abatuye u Burundi babaho mu bukene. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20041223112500/http://www.iss.co.za/AF/profiles/burundi/Population.html Burundi Population]. Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved on June 30, 2008. http://iss.co.za/AF/profiles/burundi/Population.html</ref> == Ibigo bizwi == Uru rutonde rurimo ibigo bizwi bifite icyicaro gikuru giherereye mu gihugu. Inganda n'umurenge bikurikiza inganda zerekana ibyiciro by'imisoro. Amashyirahamwe yahagaritse ibikorwa arimo kandi agaragara nkayacitse.{{Company-list table start}} {{Company-list table entry|[[Air Burundi]]|Consumer services|Airlines|[[Bujumbura]]|1971|State airline, defunct 2009|state=y|defunct=y}} {{Company-list table entry|[[Bank of the Republic of Burundi]]|Financials|Banks|[[Bujumbura]]|1966|Central bank|state=y}} {{Company-list table entry|[[Brarudi]]|Consumer goods|Brewers|[[Bujumbura]]|1955|Brewery}} {{Company-list table entry|[[Burundi National Radio and Television]]|Consumer services|Broadcasting & entertainment|[[Bujumbura]]|1975|State media|state=y}} {{Company-list table entry|[[City Connexion Airlines]]|Consumer services|Airlines|[[Bujumbura]]|1998<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.airlinehistory.co.uk/Africa/Burundi/Airlines.asp |title=Airlines - Burundi |publisher=Airlinehistory.co.uk |date= |access-date=2018-01-28}}</ref>|Airline, defunct 2000|defunct=y}} {{Company-list table entry|[[FinBank Burundi]]|Financials|Banks|[[Bujumbura]]|2002|Commercial bank}} {{Company-list table entry|[[Interbank Burundi]]|Financials|Banks|[[Bujumbura]]|1993|Commercial bank}} {{Company-list table entry|[[KCB Bank Burundi Limited]]|Financials|Banks|[[Bujumbura]]|2012|Commercial bank}} {{Company-list table entry|[[Régie Nationale des Postes]]|Industrials|Delivery services|[[Bujumbura]]|1991<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.poste.bi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=55&lang=en |title=Background |publisher=Poste.bi |date= |access-date=2018-01-28 |archive-date=2018-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922011134/http://poste.bi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=55&lang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref>|Postal services}} {{Company-list table entry|[[Royal Air Burundi]]|Consumer services|Airlines|[[Bujumbura]]|1962|Airline, defunct 1963|defunct=y}} {{Company-list table end}} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+ id="30" |Ibigo bizwi<br /><br /> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:1px solid #000; background-color:#f9f9f9; color:#f9f9f9;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Bikora</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:1px solid #000; background-color:#f9e6ff; color:#f9e6ff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Bya Leta</span> <span style="margin:0px; font-size:90%;"><span style="border:1px solid #000; background-color:#dddddd; color:#dddddd;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;Kutubahiriza</span> !Izina !Inganda !Umurenge !Icyicaro gikuru !Yashinzwe ! class="unsortable" |Inyandiko |- style="background:#dddddd;" |[[Air Burundi]] |Serivisi z'umuguzi |Indege |[[Bujumbura]] |1971 |Indege ya Leta, yahagaritswe mu mwaka wa 2009 |- style="background:#f9e6ff;" |[[Bank of the Republic of Burundi]] |Imari |Amabanki |[[Bujumbura]] |1966 |Banki nkuru |- |[[Brarudi]] |Ibicuruzwa |Inzoga |[[Bujumbura]] |1955 |Inzoga |- style="background:#f9e6ff;" |[[Burundi National Radio and Television]] |Serivisi z'umuguzi |Kwamamaza & imyidagaduro |[[Bujumbura]] |1975 |Itangazamakuru rya Leta |- style="background:#dddddd;" |[[City Connexion Airlines]] |Serivisi z'umuguzi |Indege |[[Bujumbura]] |1998<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[http://www.airlinehistory.co.uk/Africa/Burundi/Airlines.asp "Airlines - Burundi"]. Airlinehistory.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> |Indege, yahagaritswe mu mwaka wa 2000 |- |[[FinBank Burundi]] |Imari |Amabanki |[[Bujumbura]] |2002 |Banki y'ubucuruzi |- |[[Interbank Burundi]] |Imari |Amabanki |[[Bujumbura]] |1993 |Banki y'ubucuruzi |- |[[KCB Bank Burundi Limited]] |Imari |Amabanki |[[Bujumbura]] |2012 |Banki y'ubucuruzi |- |[[Régie Nationale des Postes]] |Inganda |Serivise zo gutanga |[[Bujumbura]] |1991<ref><templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles><cite class="citation web cs1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180922011134/http://poste.bi/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=47&Itemid=55&lang=en "Background"]. Poste.bi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-01-28</span></span>.</cite></ref> |Serivisi za posita |- style="background:#dddddd;" |[[Royal Air Burundi]] |Serivisi z'umuguzi |Indege |[[Bujumbura]] |1962 |Indege, yahagaritswe mu mwaka wa 1963 |} [[Dosiye:BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg|thumb|Hagati ya Bujumbura, hamwe n'ikiyaga cya Tanganyika inyuma.]] [[Dosiye:Bujumbura - Flickr - Dave Proffer (4).jpg|thumb|Sitasiyo ya bisi ya Bujumbura.]] [[Dosiye:Bujumbura airport - Flickr - Dave Proffer (1).jpg|thumb|Indege ya Burundi Sud SE-210 Caravelle III ku Kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Bujumbura]] == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa banki mu Burundi == Amashakiro == {{Reflist|25em}} [[Ikiciro:Uburundi]] [[Ikiciro:Ibigo by'imari]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu]] 7aj6ehzw500o6pzekvtjulbgmbks8vo 0 17026 139189 131886 2026-09-23T03:22:44Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139189 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Gas-natural.jpg|alt=Close-up image of a natural gas burner on a stove showing the characteristic blue hue of a natural gas flame.|thumb|300x300px| Gazi isanzwe yaka ku ziko]] [[Dosiye:Chuhuo.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Gutwika gaze karemano isohoka mu butaka muri [[Tayiwani]]]] '''Umuriro wa Gaze isanzwe''' ( nanone yitwa '''gaze ya fosile''' cyangwa '''gaze''' gusa ) ni ibisanzwe bivangwa na hydro karibone ya gaze igizwe ahanini na metani hiyongereyeho umubare muto wa alikane ndende. Urwego rwo hasi rwa gaze nka gaze karuboni, azote, hydrogen sulfide, na helium nabyo birahari. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Background |url=http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/background |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140709040340/http://www.naturalgas.org/overview/background |archive-date=2014-07-09 |access-date=2012-07-14 |publisher=Naturalgas.org}}</ref> Methane idafite ibara kandi nta mpumuro nziza, bityo impumuro nziza nka mercaptan ( ihumura nka sulfuru cyangwa amagi yaboze ) ikunze kongerwa mu bikoresho bya gaze karemano kugirango umutekano ube byoroshye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Why Does Natural Gas Smell Like Rotten Eggs? &#124; Metropolitan Utilities District |url=https://www.mudomaha.com/blog/why-does-natural-gas-smell-rotten-eggs}}</ref> Gaze isanzwe ni lisansi y’ibinyabuzima n’umutungo udashobora kuvugururwa ukorwa iyo ibice by’ibinyabuzima (cyane ibinyabuzima byo mu nyanja) <ref>{{Cite web |title=How Natural Gas Is Formed {{!}} Union of Concerned Scientists |url=https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/how-natural-gas-formed |access-date=2022-05-03 |website=www.ucsusa.org |language=en}}</ref> byangirika mu bihe bya anaerobike kandi bigashyirwa n’ubushyuhe bukabije n’umuvuduko mwinshi mu myaka miriyoni. <ref name="eiaex">{{Cite web |title=Natural gas explained |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/ |access-date=2020-09-30 |publisher=[[U.S. Energy Information Administration]]}}</ref> Ingufu ibinyabuzima byangirika byabonetse ku zuba hakoreshejwe fotosenteze za bibikwa nkingufu za chimique muri molekile ya metani nizindi hydro karbone. <ref name="epa_ng">{{Cite web |title=Electricity from Natural Gas |url=http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/natural-gas.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606215324/http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-and-you/affect/natural-gas.html |archive-date=2014-06-06 |access-date=2013-11-10}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Natural gas burning on a gas stove.jpg|thumb|gaze]] == Gaze == Gaze isanzwe irashobora gutwikwa kugirango ishyushye, guteka, no kubyara amashanyarazi . Ikoreshwa kandi nk'ibiryo bya chimique mugukora plastike nindi miti mvaruganda ikomeye mubucuruzi kandi ntibikoreshwa cyane nka lisansi yimodoka . Gukuramo no gukoresha gaze karemano n’ingenzi kandi bigenda byiyongera mu [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe|mihindagurikire y’ikirere]] . <ref name="ieaco2">{{Cite web |title=Data and Statistics: CO2 emissions by energy source, World 1990-2017 |url=https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics?country=WORLD&fuel=CO2%20emissions&indicator=CO2%20emissions%20by%20energy%20source |access-date=2020-04-24 |publisher=International Energy Agency (Paris)}}</ref> Gazi ubwayo ( cyane metani ) na karuboni ya dioxyde, isohoka iyo gaze naturel yatwitse, ni gaze ya parike . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-07-27 |title=Why carbon dioxide isn't the only greenhouse gas we must reduce – Dr Richard Dixon |url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/columnists/climate-change-carbon-dioxide-main-greenhouse-gas-cutting-methane-emissions-crucial-too-dr-richard-dixon-2925261 |access-date=2020-08-17 |website=www.scotsman.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="AGI">{{Cite web |date=2018-05-16 |title=Methane Emissions in the Oil and Gas Industry |url=https://www.americangeosciences.org/critical-issues/factsheet/pe/methane-emissions-oil-gas-industry |access-date=2019-05-01 |publisher=American Geosciences Institute}}</ref> Iyo itwitswe kubera ubushyuhe cyangwa amashanyarazi, gaze karemano isohora imyuka ihumanya ikirere nkeya, dioxyde de carbone nkeya, kandi hafi ya byose nta kintu na kimwe kigereranije ugereranije n’ibindi bicanwa n’ibinyabuzima . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Natural gas and the environment |url=https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/natural-gas/natural-gas-and-the-environment.php |access-date=2020-09-30 |publisher=[[U.S. Energy Information Administration]]}}</ref> Nyamara, guhumeka gaze hamwe n’imyuka itabigenewe itangwa mu ruhererekane rw’ibicuruzwa birashobora gutuma gaze karemano igira ikirenge cya karuboni kimwe n’ibindi bicanwa muri rusange. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-19 |title=Natural gas is a much 'dirtier' energy source, carbon-wise, than we thought |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/super-potent-methane-in-atmosphere-oil-gas-drilling-ice-cores |access-date=2022-04-03 |website=Science |language=en |archive-date=2021-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218011119/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/super-potent-methane-in-atmosphere-oil-gas-drilling-ice-cores |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Residential_natural_gas_bill_USA_1834.jpg|thumb| Fagitire ya gaze i Baltimore, Maryland, muri 1834.]] Gaze isanzwe irashobora kuva mubutaka igatera umuriro muremure. Mu [[Ubugereki|Bugereki]] bwa kera, umuriro wa gaze ku musozi wa Chimaera wagize uruhare mu mugani w'ikinyabuzima gihumeka umuriro Chimera . Mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]] bwa kera, gaze yavuye mu gucukura brine yakoreshejwe bwa mbere na 400 mbere ya Yesu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eric Hadley-Ives |last2=Chun-Chih Hadley-Ives |title=First Oil Wells |url=http://www.historylines.net/history/chinese/oil_well.html |website=History Lines}}</ref> Abashinwa batwaye gaze yinjira mu butaka mu miyoboro itavanze imigano aho yakoreshwaga mu guteka amazi y'umunyu kugira ngo bakuremo umunyu mu Karere ka Ziliujing muri Sichuan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://naturalgas.org/overview/history/ |access-date=2016-12-01 |publisher=NaturalGas.org}}</ref> == Inkomoko == === Gaze isanzwe === [[Dosiye:BarnettShaleDrilling-9323.jpg|thumb| Uruganda rusanzwe rwo gucukura gaze muri Texas, muri Amerika]] == Gutunganya == [[Dosiye:Aderklaa_-_Gasstation.JPG|thumb| Uruganda rutunganya gaze muri Aderklaa, Otirishiya yo hepfo]] == Kubika no gutwara == [[Dosiye:Polyethylene_gas_main.jpg|thumb| Polyethylene pulastike nyamukuru ishyirwa muri mwobo]] [[Dosiye:Gas_underpipe_warning_notice.jpg|thumb| Kubaka hafi y'umuyoboro mwinshi wohereza gazi biracika intege, akenshi hamwe nibimenyetso bihagarara. <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Ervia#Gas Networks Ireland|Gas Networks Ireland]] |date=2016-06-01 |title=Advice for Working in the Vicinity of Gas Pipelines |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308033630/https://www.gasnetworks.ie/home/gas-meter/meter-services/Safety-Advice-for-Working-in-the-Vicinity-of-Natural-Gas-Pipeline.pdf |access-date=2020-06-20}}</ref>]] == Reba kandi == * Gazi ya peteroli * Inzibacyuho * Ikigereranyo cya gaze / peteroli * Gazi isanzwe ku gihugu * Umwuka wa gaze * Amashanyarazi * Gazi isanzwe * Gutanga ingufu ku isi no kuyikoresha == Reba == == Ibindi gusoma == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://ggon.org/fossil-tracker/ Ibikorwa Remezo byisi yose] * [https://carbonmapper.org/data/ Carbon Mapper Data Portal yerekana methane point yamakuru yamakuru] [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] bpyy4v23f6wooocibloorrqjx8smwnr 0 17038 139081 116501 2026-09-23T02:29:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139081 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Facit DTC personal computer.jpg|thumb|ikoranabuhanga]] [[Dosiye:Lenovo G500s laptop-2903.jpg|thumb|lenovo g500s]] [[Dosiye:Russian mobiles phones shop photo 20200527.jpg|thumb|galaxy electronic phone]] '''Ibihembo by'ikoranabuhanga bya Afurika''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-03-10 |title=Africa Digital awards launched in Accra |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/news/general-news/ghananews-africa-digital-awards-launched-in-accra.html |access-date=2019-05-28 |website=www.graphic.com.gh}}</ref> ni ibirori ngarukamwaka byizihizwa, kugira ngo bamenye ndetse banahembe abakinyi b'ikoranabuhanga muri Afrika. Ibihembo birashimira abashinzwe iterambere hamwe nabateza imbere mugihe bishimira abakoresha imari y'ikoranabuhanga, imbuga nkoranyambaga, Mobile, Agritech, Itangazamakuru, Itumanaho, esports n'ibindi. <ref>Tech Nova, ''The 2019 Africa Digital Summit and Expo Seeks To Unlock Africa’s Digital Future.'' By Joseph-Albert Kuuire August 27, 2019 (retrieval Oct 2, 2019)</ref> <ref>Modern Ghana, ''Ghana Edition Of The Africa Digital Awards Launched'', Mar 12, 2019 (retrieval Oct 2, 2019)</ref> <ref>Pulse, ''Africa Digital Awards: VDT Communications wins most outstanding broadband company'', 08/04/2019 (retrieval Oct 2, 2019)</ref> <ref>Graphic Online, ''Africa Digital awards launched in Accra'', Mar 10, 2019. By Getrude Ankah Nyavi (retrieval Oct 2, 2019)</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Afurica]] 1fub7ftqtfqkw8tuwdfw1n03lq5vdy4 0 17045 139334 96283 2026-09-23T07:48:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139334 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga''' ( '''economic and monetary union,''' '''EMU''' ) ni ubwoko bw’ubucuruzi bugizwe n’isoko rusange, ihuriro rya gasutamo, n’ubumwe bw’amafaranga. EMU yashyizweho binyuze mu masezerano y’ubucuruzi, EMU igizwe na gatandatu mu byiciro birindwi mu nzira yo kwishyira hamwe mu bukungu. Amasezerano ya EMU m'ubisanzwe ahuza ubumwe bwa gasutamo nisoko rusange. Ubusanzwe EMU ishyiraho ubucuruzi bw'ubuntu n'igiciro rusange cyo hanze mububasha bwacyo. Yagenewe kandi kurengera ubwisanzure mu kugenda kw'ibicuruzwa, serivisi, n'abantu. Iyi gahunda itandukanye n’ubumwe bw’amafaranga (urugero, Ubumwe bw’amafaranga y’ikilatini ), ubusanzwe ntabwo bukubiyemo isoko rusange. Kimwe n’ubumwe bw’ubukungu n’amafaranga bwashyizweho mu bihugu 27 bigize [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] (EU), EMU irashobora kugira ingaruka ku bice bitandukanye by’ububasha bwayo mu buryo butandukanye. Uturere tumwe na tumwe tugengwa n’amabwiriza ya gasutamo n’utundi turere tugengwa na EMU. Izi gahunda zitandukanye zirashobora gushirwaho mumasezerano yemewe, cyangwa zirashobora kubaho m'ubyukuri. Kurugero, ntabwo ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bikoresha [[Amafaranga y'amayero|amayero]] yashyizweho n’ubumwe bw’ifaranga, kandi ntabwo ibihugu byose bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi biri mu gace ka Schengen. Bamwe mu bagize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi bitabira ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe yombi, ndetse na bamwe muri bo. == Amateka == Ibihugu byinshi byabanje kugerageza gushinga EMU mu nama y'i La Haye muri 1969. Nyuma, hatangajwe umushinga wa gahunda. Muri icyo gihe, umunyamuryango nyamukuru wayoboye iki cyemezo ni Pierre Werner, Minisitiri w’intebe wa Luxembourg. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Hague Summit (1–2 December 1969): completion, enlargement, deepening - Pierre Werner and the European integration process: from the Schuman Plan to the Fontainebleau Summit - CVCE Website |url=https://www.cvce.eu/en/education/unit-content/-/unit/d1cfaf4d-8b5c-4334-ac1d-0438f4a0d617/01b8a864-db8b-422c-915e-a47d5e86593e |access-date=2019-10-29 |website=www.cvce.eu}}</ref> Icyemezo cyo gushinga Umuryango w’ubukungu n’ifaranga ry’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ( EMU ) cyakiriwe mu December 1991, nyuma kiza kuba kimwe mu masezerano ya Maastricht ( Amasezerano y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=What is the Economic and Monetary Union? (EMU) |url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/economic-and-monetary-union/what-economic-and-monetary-union-emu_en |access-date=2019-05-04 |website=European Commission - European Commission}}</ref> == Urutonde rwamashyirahamwe yubukungu nifaranga == * Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga ry’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ( EMU ) ( 1999/2002 ) hamwe na Euro ku banyamuryango ba Eurozone * ''de facto'' ibihugu byigenga muri OECS Ihuriro ry’ifaranga ry’iburasirazuba bwa Karayibe hamwe n’idolari rya Karayibe y’iburasirazuba muri CSME ( 2006 ) <ref>The states participating in both initiatives are [[Antigua and Barbuda]], [[Dominica]], [[Grenada]], [[Saint Kitts and Nevis]], [[Saint Lucia]], [[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]].</ref> * ''mu byukuri'' Ubusuwisi - Liechtenstein <ref>[[Single market]] through participation in the [[internal market of the European Union]], [[customs union]] since 1924, informal [[currency union]] since 1920.</ref> === Basabye === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umuryango ! Ifaranga ! Intara ! Itariki ntarengwa ! width="30%" | Inyandiko |- | [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati|Umuryango w’ubukungu n’ifaranga muri Afurika yo hagati]] (CEMAC) | Afurika yo hagati CFA franc | Afurika | | Ntabwo ikora isoko rusange |- | Ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga rya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (UEMOA) | Afurika y'Iburengerazuba CFA franc | Afurika | | Ntabwo ikora isoko rusange |- | Inama y’ubufatanye mu kigobe (GCC) | Khaleeji | Uburasirazuba bwo hagati | | Birashoboka ko zahabu yashyigikiwe, ariko igasubikwa kubera ikibazo cyamafaranga yo muri 2007–2008 . |- | [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] (EAC) | [[Amashiringi yo muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba|Amashiringi yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba]] | Afurika | 2015 | Gukoreshwa na Federasiyo ya Afrika yuburasirazuba |- | Isoko rimwe rya Karayibe nubukungu (nkigice cya CARICOM ) | | Amerika y'Epfo<br /><br /><br /><br />Karayibe | 2015 | Kuzuza OECS Iburasirazuba bwa Karayibe |- | Ihuriro ry’amahoro muri Afurika yepfo (SACU) | Rand yo muri Afrika yepfo | Afurika | 2015 | ''de facto'' kubanyamuryango ba CMA mugihe hashyizweho ubumwe bwubukungu [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|bwa SADC]] |- | [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo]] (SADC) | Rand yo muri Afrika yepfo<br /><br /><br /><br /> (icyifuzo cy'agateganyo) | Afurika | 2016 | Kuzuza cyangwa gutsinda urugaga rwa gasutamo ya CMA na Afrika yepfo |- | Ishyirahamwe rya Aziya yepfo ryubufatanye bwakarere | | Aziya yepfo | 2016 <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" data-ve-ignore="true" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> | |- | Ubumwe bw’ibihugu byo muri Amerika yepfo (UNASUR) | Latino <ref>Proposed by Ecuador's President Rafael Correa on December 15, 2007</ref> | Amerika y'Epfo<br /><br /><br /><br />Karayibe | 2019 | |- | [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati|Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu byo muri Afurika yo hagati]] (ECCAS) | | Afurika | | Kuzuza [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika yo Hagati|Umuryango w’ubukungu n’ifaranga muri Afurika yo hagati]] (CEMAC) |- | Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (ECOWAS) | | Afurika | 2020 | Kugirango utsinde UEMOA na WAMZ |- | [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika]] | | Afurika | 2028 | Reba [[Ihuriro ry’ifaranga nyafurika|Ubumwe bw'Afurika]] |- | Ubumwe [[Uburusiya|bw'Uburusiya]] na [[Belarusi|Biyelorusiya]] | Uburusiya | Uburayi | | |- | Umuryango w’abarabu | [[Idenari|Icyarabu]] | Ibihugu by'Abarabu | | Icyarabu Dinar cyasabwe kuva hashyirwaho ikigega cy’imari cy’abarabu, giteganijwe kuri gahunda zikomeye zo kubikora, nyuma y’ishyirwaho ry’ubumwe bw’Abarabu . |- | Ubumwe bw’ubukungu bwa Aziya | Altyn | Aziya | 2025 | Perezida wa Qazaqistan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, yari yasabye bwa mbere, mu 2009, gushyiraho ifaranga risanzwe ridafite amafaranga ryitwa "yevraz" ku muryango w’ubukungu bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Bivugwa ko byari gufasha mu gukumira ibihugu ibibazo by’ubukungu ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kazakhstan Suggests a New Currency - News |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/kazakhstan-suggests-a-new-currency/375212.html |access-date=4 June 2015 |website=The Moscow Times}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, igitekerezo cy’ifaranga rishya ryahurijwe hamwe cyabonye inkunga ya Vladimir Putin na Dmitry Medvedev maze mu 2014 hategurwa ibyifuzo mu nyandiko za komisiyo y’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kugira ngo hashyizweho Banki Nkuru y’Uburayi ndetse n’ifaranga risanzwe ryitwa intangiriro rigomba gutangizwa. muri 2025. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 April 2014 |title=Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus to have new joint currency |url=http://english.pravda.ru/russia/economics/10-04-2014/127325-russia_kazakhstan_belarus_new_currency-0/ |access-date=8 July 2014}}</ref> |} === EMU zabanje === * Ihuriro ry’ifaranga ry’Ububiligi - Luxembourg Union Union (1922–2002), ryasimbuwe na EMU y’Uburayi. == Reba kandi == * Ubumwe bw’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru hamwe n’ubumwe bw’amafaranga yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru (Amero) <ref>Not currently on any political agenda, based mostly off conspiracy theories.</ref> * Ubumwe bwa Pasifika (icyifuzo kimwe ku madorari ya Ositarariya ) == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ibindi gusoma == * Acocella, N. ''na'' Di Bartolomeo '','' G. na Tirelli, P. * <bdi><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFBergin2008">[[Bidasanzwe: Inkomoko y'ibitabo / 978-0865976658|978-0865976658]]</cite></bdi> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/1723943.stm Ihuriro ry’amafaranga muri Afurika ryegereye hafi] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/871612.stm Reta zunzubumwe za Afrika yepfo?] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/543582.stm Intambwe yambere ya Afrika yuburasirazuba igana ubumwe] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/721707.stm Afurika y'Iburengerazuba ihitamo ubumwe bw'ifaranga] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2313847.stm Ibihugu by'Ikigobe bihatira ifaranga rimwe] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/2622003.stm 'Inyungu ntarengwa' ziva mu kigobe cy'ifaranga rimwe] * [http://web.archive.bibalex.org/web/20020626183225/http://mitglied.lycos.de/mercosur/ Ese ibihugu bya Mercosur bikora ahantu heza h'ifaranga?] <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" data-ve-ignore="true"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="Dead link tagged August 2019">ihuriro rihoraho</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</span></sup> * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/the_economy/260395.stm Arijantine irateganya ubumwe bw’amafaranga] * [http://www.economist.com/displayStory.cfm?story_id=393224 Economist - Amafaranga ya Antipode (Australiya na Nouvelle-Zélande)] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218230929/http://www.rba.gov.au/PublicationsAndResearch/Conferences/2001/coleman.pdf Ibitekerezo bitatu ku ihuriro ry’ifaranga rya Australiya] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218230932/http://www.case.com.pl/upload/publikacja_plik/3460035_058e.pdf Impamvu zo gusenyuka kwa Ruble] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081218230929/http://www.okno.com/ewltr/archive/vol1/ru-ruble-v1n3.pdf Mugushakisha "Ruble Zone"] * [http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/52/15/23381692.pdf OECD Iterambere Ikigo - Rand Zone] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080204002307/http://www.africasia.co.uk/africanbusiness/ab.php?ID=890&back_month=57 Ifaranga rimwe rya Afrika mugihe cacu?] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071210153048/http://www.nomadtours.co.za/article_2006-4-23_5.html Afurika y'Epfo irasaba kwemeza amafaranga nk'ifaranga ry'agateganyo rya SADC] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] hrq3b9iph4xasx9pg54e5hgo6g7qmvq 0 17059 139082 130176 2026-09-23T02:29:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139082 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye''' ( '''free-trade agreement,''' '''FTA''' ) ni amasezerano akurikije amategeko mpuzamahanga yo gushyiraho [[Agace kahariwe bose k'ubucuruzi|agace k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye]] hagati y’ibihugu bikoranaho. Hariho ubwoko bubiri bw'amasezerano y'ubucuruz i: ibihugu byombi n'ibihugu byinshi. Amasezerano y’ubucuruzi y’ibihugu byombi abaho mu gihe ibihugu byombi byemeye kugabanya imipaka y’ubucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu byombi, muri rusange kwagura amahirwe y’ubucuruzi. Amasezerano yu bucuruzi menshi ni amasezerano mu bihugu bitatu cyangwa byinshi, kandi biragoye cyane kumvikana no kubyemera. <ref>[https://www.edumaritime.net/icc-academy/free-trade-agreement-certificate-ftac-online Free Trade Agreement, ICC Academy]</ref> FTAs, uburyo bw’amasezerano y’ubucuruzi, igena amahoro ibihugu bishyiraho ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga hagamijwe kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi, bityo bigashishikariza ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga. <ref name="The Balance">{{Cite web |title=3 Types of Free Trade Agreements and How They Work |url=https://www.thebalance.com/free-trade-agreement-types-and-examples-3305897 |access-date=2019-03-24 |website=The Balance |archive-date=2017-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131030921/https://www.thebalance.com/free-trade-agreement-types-and-examples-3305897 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amasezerano nk'aya ubusanzwe "yibanze ku gice giteganya uburyo bwo gutanga imisoro ku nyungu, ariko kandi akenshi zirimo ingingo zorohereza ubucuruzi no gushyiraho amategeko mu bice nk'ishoramari, umutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge, amasoko ya leta, amahame ya tekiniki n'ibibazo by'isuku na phytosanitarite. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules of origin under free-trade agreements |url=https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradehelp/free-trade-agreements |website=EC Trade Helpdesk |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2018-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507101515/https://trade.ec.europa.eu/tradehelp/free-trade-agreements |url-status=dead }}</ref> Itandukaniro ryingenzi rirahari hagati y’amashyirahamwe ya gasutamo n’ahantu h’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye. Ubwoko bwombi bwubucuruzi bufite gahunda zimbere amashyaka asoza kugirango abone ubwisanzure no koroshya ubucuruzi hagati yabo. Itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’amashyirahamwe ya gasutamo n’akarere k’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye ni uburyo bwabo ku [[wiktionary:third party|bandi bantu]]. Mu gihe ihuriro rya gasutamo risaba impande zose gushyiraho no gukomeza imisoro imwe yo hanze ku bijyanye n’ubucuruzi n’abatavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, impande z’ubucuruzi bwisanzuye ntizisabwa. Ahubwo, barashobora gushiraho no kubungabunga uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwamahoro bukoreshwa mubitumizwa mumashyaka atabishaka nkuko babibona. Mu karere k'ubucuruzi bwisanzuye nta guhuza ibiciro byo hanze, kugira ngo bikureho ingaruka zo gutandukana kw’ubucuruzi, amashyaka azashyiraho uburyo bw’amategeko agenga inkomoko. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rules of Origin Facilitator |url=http://findrulesoforigin.org/glossary/glossary_roo |website=ITC |access-date=2023-06-14 |archive-date=2019-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623041241/http://findrulesoforigin.org/Glossary/Glossary_Roo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amasezerano rusange yerekeye amahoro nubucuruzi ( GATT 1994 ) yabanje gusobanura amasezerano yubucuruzi bwisanzuye akubiyemo ubucuruzi bwibicuruzwa gusa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The basic rules for goods |url=https://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/region_e/regatt_e.htm |website=WTO}}</ref> Amasezerano afite intego imwe, ni ukuvuga guteza imbere ubwisanzure mu bucuruzi muri serivisi, yiswe ingingo ya V y’amasezerano rusange yerekeye ubucuruzi muri serivisi ( GATS ) nk'amasezerano yo guhuza ubukungu <ref> {{Cite web |title=General Agreement on Trade in Services |url=https://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/26-gats_01_e.htm#articleV |website=WTO}} </ref> Ariko, mubikorwa, iryo jambo ubu rikoreshwa cyane mubumenyi bwa politiki, diplomasi nubukungu kugirango ryerekane amasezerano atareba ibicuruzwa gusa ahubwo na serivisi ndetse nishoramari. Ibidukikije nabyo bimaze kumenyekana cyane mumasezerano mpuzamahanga yishoramari, nka FTAs. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=102}}</ref> ''':  104 ''' == Reba kandi == == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://rtais.wto.org/UI/PublicSearchByMemberResult.aspx?MemberCode=918&lang=1&redirect=1 Sisitemu yamakuru ya WTO] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190605163211/https://www.macmap.org/Default.aspx Ikarita yo kugera ku isoko rya ITC] Archived * [http://findrulesoforigin.org/ ITC Amategeko yo Korohereza Inkomoko] * [https://wits.worldbank.org/gptad.html Ububiko bwa Banki y'Isi Ubucuruzi Bwuzuye Ubucuruzi] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201203192754/http://www2.aladi.org/sitioAladi/index.html Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ryunze ubumwe] Archived * [http://www.bilaterals.org/ Byombi] * [https://aric.adb.org/fta-country Ikigo cyo muri Aziya cyo Kwishyira hamwe] * [http://www.sice.oas.org/ Ibihugu byo muri Amerika Sisitemu yubucuruzi bwo hanze] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] qyf051a0hj5i2qz1yd8auomyjmk7js0 0 17110 139183 112863 2026-09-23T03:16:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139183 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Road from bugesera to kicukiro under construction.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda]] [[Dosiye:Sanawari Road, Moivo ward, Arusha District.jpg|thumb|umuhanda wa arusha]] '''Umuhanda Arusha - Holili - Taveta - Voi''' (A23) ni umuhanda wo mu gihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Kenya]], uhuza imijyi ya Arusha, Moshi, na Holili mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya na Taveta na Voi mu gihugu cya Kenya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=AfDB |date=March 2013 |title=African Development Fund: Arusha–Holili–Taveta–Voi Road Project: Project Appraisal Report |url=http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/Tanzania_Kenya_-_Arusha-HoliliTaveta-Voi_Road_Project_-_Appraisal_Report.pdf |access-date=26 March 2016 |publisher=African Development Bank (AfDB) |location=Tunis |format=PDF}}</ref> == Aho biherereye == Mu nkengero z'uburengerazuba bw'umuhanda A23 uherereye muri Arusha, mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya aho uhurira n'umuhanda A104. Umuhanda A23 uhuza uburasirazuba bwa Moshi uhana imbibi n'umujyi wa Holili. Iburasirazuba muri Kenya, umuhanda A23 uhuza Taveta kandi ufite aho uherereye mu burasirazuba bwa Voi ku masangano n'umuhanda A109 Nairobi - Mombasa. Umuhanda A23 kuva kumpera zombi harimo intera ya kilometero 230. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=26 March 2016 |title=Distance between Arusha, Tanzania and Holilli Border Checkpoint, A23, Holili, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Tanzania_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Arusha%2C%20Tanzania&toplace=Holilli%20Border%20Checkpoint%2C%20A23%2C%20Holili%2C%20Kilimanjaro%2C%20Tanzania%2C&dt1=ChIJg3M48ogcNxgRUnFJ7PcHGbw&dt2=ChIJizh8vde3ORgR7QizEEgoc2w |access-date=26 March 2016 |publisher=Globefee.com (GFC)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=26 March 2016 |title=Distance between Taveta, Taita Taveta, Kenya and Voi, Taita Taveta, Kenya |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Taveta%2C%20Taita%20Taveta%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Voi%2C%20Taita%20Taveta%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJ1e3t_lG2ORgR4EPr9DZET3E&dt2=ChIJwUgHhFUpORgRaUxHbrd5KGE |access-date=26 March 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> == Kuzamura no kwiyubaka == Umuhanda A23 ukora ihuriro rikomeye muri koridor ya Voi– [[Dodoma]] / Singida (ayo mahuriro y'imihanda ni A23, A104, B141, na B143). [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] yatanze inguzanyo ingana nakayabo ka miliyoni 232.5 zamadorali y’Amerika mu rwego rwo kwagura umuhanda A23, bingana na 89.1 ku ijana by’ingengo y’imari iteganijwe. Igihugu cya Kenya cyo cyatanze amafaranga angana na miliyoni 15.6 z'amadolari y'Amerika, mu gihe igihugu cya Tanzaniya cyo cyatanze angana na miliyoni 12.3 z'amadorali y'Amerika. <ref name="Fin">{{Cite web |last=AfDB |date=17 April 2013 |title=AfDB reinforces regional integration support with USD 232.5 million Tanzania-Kenya road financing |url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-reinforces-regional-integration-support-with-usd-232-5-million-tanzania-kenya-road-financing-11676 |access-date=3 March 2017 |publisher=African Development Bank (AfDB) |location=Tunis}}</ref> Kubaka umuhanda wa A23 muburyo bwo kuwagura ukavamo imihanda ibiri hagati ya Arusha na Tengeru, naho Tanzaniya yo byatangiye mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga mu mwaka wa 2013. Rwiyemezamirimo ni '''''Hanil-Jiangsu JV''''', sosiyete y’ubwubatsi yo mu gihugu cya Koreya y'epfo, Sosiyete ya Cheil Engineering, nayo ikomoka muri Koreya y'epfo, nayo yagizemo uruhare iza ari nka injeniyeri w’ubujyanama. Icyiciro cya 2 cy'umushinga gikubiyemo kwagura imihanda ikaba inzira ebyiri zihuza Tengeru n'Uruzi rwa Usa, mu igihugu cya Tanzaniya. Uyu murimo ugomba kurangira mu kwezi ku Kuboza mu mwaka wa 2018. <ref name="Completion">{{Cite web |last=Ihucha |first=Adam |date=25 July 2015 |title=Tanzania-Kenya highway upgrade to boost trade |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Tanzania-Kenya-highway-upgrade-to-boost-trade-/-/2560/2808552/-/4ysvuaz/-/index.html |access-date=3 March 2017 |location=Nairobi |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510144932/http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Tanzania-Kenya-highway-upgrade-to-boost-trade-/-/2560/2808552/-/4ysvuaz/-/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kongera kubaka umuhanda w'ibice bibiri uhuza uruzi rwa Usa, Moshi, na Holili byari bigize n'icyiciro cya 2. <ref name="Completion" /> Kubura ubufasha n'amafaranga, bivuze ko kongera kubaka "bitari muri gahunda ihita ishyirwa mu bikorwa" usibye ko hakiri gahunda yo guhindura inzira y’ikiraro cya Kikafu. <ref name="Delay" /> Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gusimbuza ikiraro cyari cyaruzuye. <ref name="Delay">{{Cite web |last=Zephania Ubwani |date=4 September 2017 |title=New Road Linking Arusha With Border Post Starts to Take Shape |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201709040199.html |access-date=2 October 2017 |publisher=The Citizen |location=[[Dar es Salaam]] |via=[[AllAfrica.com]]}}</ref> Imirimo yo ku ruhande rwa Kenya rw'umuhanda A23 yatangiye muri Gicurasi mu mwaka wa 2014, aho Perezida wa Tanzaniya, [[Jakaya Kikwete]] na Perezida wa Kenya, Uhuru Kenyatta batangije ku mugaragaro umushinga muri Nzeri mu mwaka wa 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2016 |title=EAC Heads of State to Launch Construction of Arusha-Tengeru Dual Carriageway and Arusha Bypass Road |url=https://www.redpepper.co.ug/eac-heads-of-state-to-launch-construction-of-arusha-tengeru-dual-carriageway-and-arusha-bypass-road/ |access-date=3 March 2017 |location=Kampala |archive-date=10 May 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510165209/http://www.redpepper.co.ug/eac-heads-of-state-to-launch-construction-of-arusha-tengeru-dual-carriageway-and-arusha-bypass-road/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2015 |title=Kenya and Tanzania Presidents launching Mwatate road project |url=https://www.coastweek.com/3840-Kenya-and-Tanzania-presidents-launch-Taveta-Mwatate-road-project.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510175958/http://www.coastweek.com/3840-Kenya-and-Tanzania-presidents-launch-Taveta-Mwatate-road-project.htm |archive-date=10 May 2017 |access-date=3 March 2017 |publisher=[[Xinhua]] |via=Coastweek}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wafula |first=Benjamin |date=4 October 2015 |title=Kenyatta, Kikwete launch new road to improve connectivity |url=https://citizentv.co.ke/news/kenyatta-kikwete-launch-new-road-to-improve-connectivity-102381 |access-date=3 March 2017 |publisher=Citizen Television Online |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Byari biteganijweko kubaka bizarangira mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi mu mwaka wa 2017. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coast Nation Team |date=26 December 2016 |title=Major roads being built by the national government in Taita Taveta to be completed by May |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/counties/taita-taveta/Taita-Taveta-KeNHA-roads/1183326-3498396-jrd0u6 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227124123/http://www.nation.co.ke/counties/taita-taveta/Taita-Taveta-KeNHA-roads/1183326-3498396-jrd0u6/ |archive-date=27 December 2016 |access-date=3 March 2017 |publisher=[[Daily Nation]] |location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Urutonde rw'imihanda muri Kenya]] * Urutonde rw'imihanda muri Tanzaniya == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180311162008/http://www.coastweek.com/3823-Work-starting-on-Arusha-Holili-to-Taveta-Voi-road-project.htm Imirimo iratangira vuba kuri Arusha-Holili kugeza umushinga wa Taveta-Voi] [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Arusha%E2%80%93Holili%E2%80%93Taveta%E2%80%93Voi_Road&params=03_22_49_S_37_38_31_E_ 03°22′49″S 37°38′31″E / 3.38028°S 37.64194°E / -3.38028; 37.64194] [[Ikiciro:Ubwikorezi]] [[Ikiciro:Ingendo]] [[Ikiciro:Kenya]] [[Ikiciro:Tanzaniya]] mwsx2elyaqq0r53380nuy9yigrbe378 0 17117 139335 112883 2026-09-23T07:48:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Road from bugesera to kicukiro under construction.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda]] [[Dosiye:ELWAK fortress.jpg|thumb|elkawa road]] '''Umuhanda wa Elwak - Mandera''', ni umuhanda wo mu cyaro mu gihugu cya Kenya. Umuhanda uhuza Elwak, n'umujyi wa Mandera, mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'iki gihugu, hafi ya ho imipaka itatu y'ibihugu ihurira aribyo [[Kenya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]]. == Aho biherereye == Umuhanda utangirira ahitwa Elwak, mu Ntara ya Mandera, ku mupaka w'umujyi wa El Wak, mu gihugu cya Somaliya. Unyura mu cyerekezo rusange cy’amajyaruguru werekeza mu mudugudu witwa ''Warankara'', ugakomeza mu majyaruguru werekeza mu mujyi wa Rhamu, ku mupaka w'igihugu cya Etiyopiya, mu intera ingana na kilometero 143. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=1 April 2016 |title=Distance between El Wak, Mandera, Kenya and Rhamu, Mandera, Kenya |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=El%20Wak%2C%20Mandera%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Rhamu%2C%20Mandera%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJjfxmBA917BcRliU82Cmszb0&dt2=ChIJIwVczOv5wRcRFz0UpQFgK8M |access-date=1 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> I Rhamu, umuhanda uhindukirira iburasirazuba muri kilometero 73 <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=1 April 2016 |title=Distance between Rhamu, Mandera, Kenya and Mandera, Kenya |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Kenya_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Rhamu%2C%20Mandera%2C%20Kenya&toplace=Mandera%2C%20Kenya%2C&dt1=ChIJIwVczOv5wRcRFz0UpQFgK8M&dt2=ChIJYb7fTqJjwhcRF-c5FnIgLOE |access-date=1 April 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> munkengero zi Mandera, icyicaro gikuru cya Mandera, intera ya kilometero 216.. == Incamake == Uyu muhanda ni umuhanda w'ingenzi mu byerekeranye n'ubwikorezi bw'abantu n'ibintu uva Mombasa na [[Nairobi]] ugana Mandera. Unafasha nanone mu ubucuruzi hagati ya Kenya n’abaturanyi be mu majyaruguru no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Etiyopiya na Somaliya. Urugendo unyuze muriyi nzira, nubwo harimo umutekano ugereranije n'inzira ngufi zinyura muri Lafey, ni ndende kubera umuhanda umeze nabi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wachira |first=Muchemi |date=11 June 2013 |title=Mandera Residents Living In Fear of Al-Shabaab |url=http://www.wardheernews.com/mandera-residents-living-in-fear-of-al-shabaab/ |access-date=1 April 2016 |publisher=Wardheernews.com Quoting [[Daily Nation]] |location=Nairobi}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=News |date=27 December 2015 |title=Two Kenyan Policemen Killed n Ambush Near Mandera |url=http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=23341 |access-date=1 April 2016 |publisher=Goobjoog.com |location=Mogadishu |archive-date=18 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160418144057/http://goobjoog.com/english/?p=23341 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kuvugurura kuri bitumen hejuru == Mu kwezi kwa Werurwe mu mwaka wa 2016, guverinoma ya Kenya yiyemeje kumugaragaro kwagura uyu muhanda ugaragara hejuru ya kaburimbo kugera ku cyiciro cya kabiri cya bitumen hamwe na ruhurura, imiyoboro y'amazi n'ibitugu, mbere y'umwaka wa 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Otsialo |first=Manase |date=28 March 2016 |title=State to tarmac roads, construct dams in Mandera |url=http://www.nation.co.ke/counties/State-to-tarmac-roads-and-construct-dams-in-Mandera/-/1107872/3136756/-/rw7vdqz/-/index.html |access-date=1 April 2016 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Urutonde rw'imihanda muri Kenya]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://marsabitadventurer.wordpress.com/2011/08/05/the-road-to-el-wak-mandera/ Umuhanda ujya El Wak, Mandera] [https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Elwak%E2%80%93Mandera_Road&params=03_26_10_N_40_57_52_E_ 03°26′10″N 40°57′52″E / 3.43611°N 40.96444°E / 3.43611; 40.96444] [[Ikiciro:Ubwikorezi]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Kenya]] ryrzcxmanlwgdcrny9w56rub8qz3lod 0 17119 139245 130742 2026-09-23T07:30:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139245 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Amboy (California, USA), Hist. Route 66 -- 2012 -- 1.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda]] [[Dosiye:The Nairobi Skyline as viewed from Kijabe Road.jpeg|thumb|imihanda nyabagendwa muri nairobi]] Uru ni '''urutonde rw'imihanda nyabagendwa i Nairobi''', igamije gukumira umuvundo w'ibinyabiziga kure yumujyi rwagati, bityo bikagabanya akajagari mu mujyi no kugabanya ibibazo by'imodoka nyinshi zishaje. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Lang'at |first=Patrick |date=17 September 2018 |title=New road project to decongest Nairobi City |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Transport-ministry-plans-to-reduce-jams-in-Nairobi-/1056-4762894-946q3c/index.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> * Umuhanda wo mu Amajyaruguru ya Nairobi, uhuza Umuhanda wa Limuru n'umuhanda wa Thika <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Daily Nation News |date=8 February 2009 |title=Bypass construction starts without approval from environmental body |url=https://www.nation.co.ke/News/-/1056/526376/-/u1wl58/-/index.html |access-date=5 March 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> * Umuhanda w'iburasirazuba bwa Nairobi, uhuza umuhanda wa Nairobi-Mombasa n'umuhanda wa Ruiru-Kiambu hafi ya gereza y’umutekano ntarengwa ya Kamiti. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=Nairobi News Reporter |date=19 September 2017 |title=Eastern bypass set for dualling from December |url=https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/eastern-bypass-set-dualling-december |access-date=5 March 2019 |publisher=[[Nation Media Group]] |archive-date=20 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190920182454/https://nairobinews.nation.co.ke/news/eastern-bypass-set-dualling-december |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Umuhanda wo mu majyepfo ya Nairobi, utangirira ku masangano y'umuhanda wa Nairobi - Mombasa n'umuhanda wa Likoni, nko mu bilometero 10 mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba bw'umujyi rwagati. Hanyuma igera i Gitaru, mu mujyi wa Kikuyu, mu Ntara ya Kiambu. <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=Kibet |first=Lonah |date=23 May 2013 |title=Smooth ride for motorists ahead as Southern by-pass works begin |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2000084239/n-a |access-date=5 March 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> * Umuhanda w'Iburengerazuba bwa Nairobi, uhuza Gitaru, ku muhanda wo mu majyepfo na Ruaka ku muhanda wo mu majyaruguru. <ref name="1R"/> == Reba kandi == * Umuhanda wa Thika * [[Urutonde rw'imihanda muri Kenya]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190306042804/https://urbanplanning.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/cae/artsdesign/urbanplanning/Njoroge%20Joseph%20Kibunja%20Research%20Project.pdf Ibibazo by'imodoka I Nairobi: Ikizamini cy'umuhanda Uhuru] Gashyantare 2009. [[Ikiciro:Kenya]] [[Ikiciro:Ubwikorezi]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] o7bv19ype70p1gao5arng8jt0s02fw4 0 17173 139409 96460 2026-09-23T09:41:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139409 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inzu y'amazi''' ni imwe mu nyubako zisigaye zituwemo zerekana imyubakire ya Berezile mu gihugu cya Nijeriya. Iyi nyubako iherereye mu muhanda wa Kakawa, mu mujyi wa Lagos, ku kirwa cya Lagos kandi yubatswe mu kinyejana cya 19 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni muri Lagos. Yari ifitwe kandi ituwe na Candido Da Rocha. <ref>JAMES BROOKE (March 26, 1987). https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/26/garden/in-nigeria-touches-of-brazilian-style.html ''The New York Times''. Retrieved November 15, 2017.</ref> <ref>Abdulfatai Ayobami Ibrahim; Bayo Akinloye (October 1, 2017). https://punchng.com/da-rochas-water-house/ ''The Punch''. Retrieved November 15, 2017.</ref> <ref>https://tribuneonlineng.com/ekwuemes-death-colossal-loss-says-rochas-foundation/ ''The TRIBUNE''. Retrieved November 15, 2017.</ref> <ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=1XBF2LGnNuYC&q=water+house+lagos&pg=PA111&redir_esc=y#v=snippet&q=water%20house%20lagos&f=false</ref> == Ikarita == [[Dosiye:2014 water house Lagos Island Nigeria 14824673521.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Water House Lagos island Lagos.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Water House Lagos island.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Water house, Lagos Island.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Water house Lagos.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Water House Nigeria.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Water House (7).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Water House (4).jpg|thumb]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Nijeriya]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka]] hdn0m0jcg7vbfxxwtndtaz2g1kx2e48 0 17358 139214 128569 2026-09-23T07:20:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139214 wikitext text/x-wiki === Abarobyi: === Abarobyi ni abantu bakura amafi cyangwa izindi nyamaswa zibera mu mazi mu mazi. Twatanga ingero nyinshi nk'insambaza, indagara, indugu n'izindi. Uburobyi bufitiye abanyarwanda akamaro, igihugu ndetse n'ibihugu byo mu karere. Uburobyi ni umwuga uhabwa agaciro n'igihugu kuko nko mu Karere ka Nyamasheke ku itariki ya 5 Kanama 2025 habaye inama igamije kuganira ku kurwanya uburobyi butemewe, kwirinda impanuka zituruka kuguparika ubwato birenze ubushobozi, ndetse no gukangurira abarobyi gukoresha ibikoresho byemewe n'amategeko. Hari hitabiriye abakuru b'amakoperative y'abarobyi, abafatanyabikorwa bacunga umutekano wo mu mazi, ndetse n'inzego z'umutekano aho umushyitsimukuru yari ACP Charles Butera, Umuyobozi wa Polisi ushinzwe Marine ya Polisi mu Rwanda. <ref>[https://www.nyamasheke.gov.rw/news-detail-1/abarobyi-bakanguriwe-gusigasira-umutekano-mu-kiyaga-cya-kivu-kandi-bagakurikiza-amategeko-mu-burobyi Abarobyi bakanguriwe gusigasira umutekano mu kiyaga cya Kivu kandi bagakurikiza amategeko mu burobyi]</ref> Abarobyi mu Rwanda bagize uruhare runini mu burobyi bw'amafi, cyane cyane mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]]; bafite amakoperative yo gutegura akazi kabo bakaba ashyigikirwa na leta mu buryo bwo gutegurwa ku buryo bugezweho, bigatuma bakoresha uburyo bushya n'ibikoresho bigezweho, harimo n'ubwo gutanga amakuru ku gihe no gukurikiza amategeko.<ref name=":0">https://www.google.com/search?q=Abarobyi+mu+Rwanda&oq=Abarobyi+mu+Rwanda&gs_lcrp=EgZjaHJvbWUyCQgAEEUYORigATIHCAEQIRiPAtIBCjIyMTI2ajBqMTWoAgiwAgHxBWaa-wANEpiQ&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8</ref> Uturere rdukikije ikiyaga vya kivu nitwo dufite abarobyi benshi bityo ku itariki ya 5 Kanama 2025 mu karere ka Nyamasheke habaye inama yari iyobowe n'uwungirije umukuru w'akarere ushinzwe iterambere ry'ubukungu, Bwana Muhayeyezu Joseph desire. Inama yitabiriwe n'abayobozi b'inzego z'umutekano, ndetse n'abahagariye amakoperative y'abarobyi, hamnwe n'abandi bafatanyabikorwa mu gucunga umutekano wo mu mazi. [[Dosiye:Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA.jpg|thumb|Abarobyi]] [[Dosiye:Fishing_on_the_Nile_river_01.jpg|thumb|Abarobyi]] === Urwego rw'uburobyi mu Rwanda<ref name=":0" /> === Aba baroba amafi nk'insambaza, Tilapiya, Inkube n'imamba mu biyaga bitandukanye, bagashira imbere [[uburobyi]] bunoze kandi bwubahiriza amategeko.<ref name=":0" /> Bakoze amakoperative atandukanye abafasha gutegura no gucuruza amafi, amwe akorera mu kiyaga cya Kivu nka COOPILAC, ndetse no mu kiyaga cya Rweru, nka COOPARWE.<ref name=":0" /> Leta yashyizeho gahunda zo gufasha abarobyi gutera imbere, ibafashije kubbona ibibanza byo gukoreramo, kubona ibikoresho bigezweho, ndetse no kubona amashanyarazi n'ibindi bikorwa by'amajyambere.<ref name=":0" /> Hari zimwe mu inzitizi bagihurana nazo birimo kuroba mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko, gukoresha ibikoresho bitujuje ubuziranenge birimo Kaningiri, indobani,n'ibindi no guhangana n'ibindi binyabuzima bigira uruhare mu kurya isambaza.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro: == jkk2zkssun0q993qw7yis59f0rety6c 0 17405 139124 122484 2026-09-23T02:38:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139124 wikitext text/x-wiki    {{infobox|image1=[[File:Campaign road sign against female genital mutilation (cropped) 2.jpg|300px|alt=Billboard with surgical tools covered by a red X. Sign reads: STOP FEMALE CIRCUMCISION. IT IS DANGEROUS TO WOMEN'S HEALTH. FAMILY PLANNING ASSOCIATION OF UGANDA]]|caption1=Anti-FGM road sign near [[Kapchorwa]], [[Uganda]], 2004|label2=Definition|data2="Partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons" ([[World Health Organization|WHO]], [[UNICEF]], and [[United Nations Population Fund|UNFPA]], 1997).<ref name=WHO2014>[[#WHO2014|WHO 2014]].</ref>|label3=Areas|data3=[[Africa]], [[Southeast Asia]], [[Middle East]], and within communities from these areas<ref>[[#UNICEF2013|UNICEF 2013]], 5.</ref>|label4=Numbers|data4=Over 200 million women and girls in 27 African countries; [[Indonesia]]; [[Iraqi Kurdistan]]; and [[Yemen]] (as of 2023)<ref name=UNICEF2023>{{cite web|url=https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/ |title=Female genital mutilation (FGM)|work=[[UNICEF]]|access-date=July 5, 2023}}</ref><ref name=UNICEF2016>[[#UNICEF2016|UNICEF 2016]].</ref>|label5=Age|data5=Days after birth to puberty<ref name="UNICEF2013p50"/>|label6=Prevalence|data6={{collapsed infobox section begin|Ages 15–49}}|data7={{hlist|[[Somalia]] (98%)| [[Guinea]] (97%)| [[Djibouti]] (93%)| [[Sierra Leone]] (90%)| [[Mali]] (89%)| [[Egypt]] (87%)| [[Sudan]] (87%)| [[Eritrea]] (83%)| [[Burkina Faso]] (76%)|[[Gambia]] (75%)| [[Ethiopia]] (74%)| [[Mauritania]] (69%)| [[Liberia]] (50%)| [[Guinea-Bissau]] (45%)|[[Chad]] (44%)| [[Côte d'Ivoire]] (38%)| [[Nigeria]] (25%)| [[Senegal]] (25%)| [[Central African Republic]] (24%)| [[Kenya]] (21%)|[[Yemen]] (19%)| [[United Republic of Tanzania]] (10%)| [[Benin]] (9%)| [[Iraq]] (8%)| [[Togo]] (5%)| [[Ghana]] (4%)| [[Niger]] (2%)| [[Uganda]] (1%) | [[Cameroon]] (1%)<ref name=UNICEF2016/>}} {{collapsed infobox section end}} {{collapsed infobox section begin|Ages 0–14}}|data8={{hlist|[[Gambia]] (56%)| [[Mauritania]] (54%)| [[Indonesia]] (49%, 0–11) | [[Guinea]] (46%) |[[Eritrea]] (33%)| [[Sudan]] (32%) | [[Guinea-Bissau]] (30%)| [[Ethiopia]] (24%) | [[Nigeria]] (17%)|[[Yemen]] (15%)| [[Egypt]] (14%)| [[Burkina Faso]] (13%)| [[Sierra Leone]] (13%)| [[Senegal]] (13%)| [[Côte d'Ivoire]] (10%)| [[Kenya]] (3%)| [[Uganda]] (1%)| [[Central African Republic]] (1%)| [[Ghana]] (1%)| [[Togo]] (0.3%) | [[Benin]] (0.2%)<ref name=UNICEF2016/>}} {{collapsed infobox section end}}}}[[Dosiye:Soraya Mire (Left) at the international Day Against Female Genital Mutilation organized by the Campaign Against Female genital Mutilation, February 06, 2012.jpg|thumb|232x232px|'''Soraya Mire (Left) at the international Day Against Female Genital Mutilation organized by the Campaign Against Female genital Mutilation, February 06, 2012''']] {{Sex and the law}} '''Gutema imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore''' ( '''FGM''' ), bizwi kandi no '''gukata imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore''', '''gukata imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore / gukata''' ( '''FGM / C''' ) no '''gukebwa kw'abagore''', ni umuhango wo guca cyangwa gukuraho bimwe cyangwa byose. Imyitozo iboneka mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe bya Afurika, [[Aziya]] no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, no muri diaspora zabo.Muri 2023 , [[UNICEF]] ivuga ko "byibuze miliyoni 200 z'abakobwa ... mu bihugu 31", harimo [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]], [[Irake|Iraki]], [[Yemeni]], n'ibihugu 27 [[Afurika|byo muri Afurika]] harimo na [[Misiri]] - bakorewe ubwoko bumwe cyangwa bwinshi bwo gutemagura imyanya ndangagitsina y'abagore. Mubisanzwe bikorwa n'umusiramuzi gakondo akoresheje icyuma, FGM ishobora gukorwa kuva iminsi umukobwa avutse kugeza ubwangavu nahandi. Kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibihugu biboneka imibare y'igihugu, abakobwa benshi baracibwa mbere yimyaka itanu. <ref>For the circumcisers and blade: [[Female genital mutilation#UNICEF2013|UNICEF 2013]], 2, 44–46; for the ages: 50.</ref> Inzira ziratandukanye ukurikije igihugu cyangwa ubwoko. Harimo kuvanaho ingofero ya clitoral (ubwoko bwa 1-a) hamwe na clitoral glans (1-b); gukuraho labia y'imbere (2-a); no gukuraho labia y'imbere ninyuma no gufunga igituba (ubwoko 3). Muri ubu buryo bwa nyuma, buzwi nka infibulation, hasigaye umwobo muto kugirango unyure inkari n'amazi y'imihango; igituba cyafunguwe kugirango gikorwe kandi gifungurwe cyane kubyara. [8] [[Dosiye:SAY NO TO FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION (6914226452).jpg|thumb|199x199px|'''the international Day Against Female Genital Mutilation organized by the Campaign Against Female genital Mutilation''']] Imyitozo ishingiye ku busumbane bushingiye ku gitsina, kugerageza kugenzura imibonano mpuzabitsina y'abagore, n'ibitekerezo bijyanye n'isuku, kwiyoroshya, n'ubwiza. Ubusanzwe itangizwa kandi igakorwa nabagore, babibona nkisoko yicyubahiro, kandi batinya ko kunanirwa gukata abakobwa babo nabuzukuru babo bizashyira abakobwa mukumirwa. Ingaruka mbi zubuzima ziterwa nubwoko bwibikorwa; zirashobora kuba zirimo kwandura inshuro nyinshi, ingorane zo kwihagarika no gutembera kwimihango, ububabare budashira, iterambere rya cysts, kudashobora gusama, ingorane mugihe cyo kubyara, no kuva amaraso yica. [8] Nta nyungu zizwi zubuzima. <ref name="WHO2018health">[[Female genital mutilation#WHO2018|WHO 2018]].</ref>{{Women's health}}{{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] hoyp9iwin5y0ws37e4qqmt2yszhw3mg 0 17449 139336 122392 2026-09-23T07:48:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139336 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Vincent Nsengiyumva''' ( Yavutse Ku ya 10 Gashyantare 1936 &#x2013; Ku ya 7 Kamena 1994 ) yari umunyarwanda muri Kiliziya Gatolika ya [[Roma]] wabaye [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali]] kuva muri 1976 kugeza apfuye. Yavukiye i [[Akarere ka Musanze|Rwaza]], ahabwa ubupadiri ku ya 18 Kamena 1966. Ku ya 17 Ukuboza 1973, Nsengiyumva yagizwe [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo|Umwepiskopi wa Nyundo]] na Papa Paul wa VI, asimbuye [[Aloys Bigirumwami]] wari weguye. Yakiriye kwiyegurira abepiskopi ku ya 2 Kamena 1974, kwa Karidinali Laurean Rugambwa, ari kumwe na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami na Arkiyepiskopi André Perraudin, MAfr, bakoranaga. Nyuma yaje kwitwa [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Arkiyepiskopi wa mbere wa Kigali]] ku ya 10 Mata 1976. Muri guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]], Nsengiyumva yabaye umuyobozi wa komite nkuru y’umuryango [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|uharanira demokarasi n’iterambere ry’igihugu cya Repubulika uharanira demokarasi n’iterambere]] mu gihe cy’imyaka cumi n'ine, kugeza igihe Vatikani Curia yatabaye muri 1990, imutegeka kuva mu ruhande rwa politiki. <ref>The Age. [http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/04/02/1080544692138.html Rwanda 10 Years On: Not Forgiven, Not Forgotten] April 3, 2004</ref> <ref name="Swan">[[Michael Swan (journalist)|Michael Swan]], "Report calls for church to admit role in Rwanda genocide". The [[Catholic Register]], July 24–31, 2000, p. 24.</ref> Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere n’ishyaka ryiganjemo [[Abahutu]] mu Rwanda hagati ya 1975 na 1994. Nsengiyumva yari inshuti yihariye ya Perezida wu Rwanda icyo gihe [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenal Habyarimana]], pin yerekana amashusho yambaraga ubwo yavugaga Misa. <ref>Human Rights Watch. [https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-09.htm The Army, the Church and the Akazu]</ref> Ku ya 7 Kamena 1994, afite imyaka 58, yiciwe hafi y’itorero rya Kabgayi hamwe n’abepiskopi babiri, abapadiri icumi, n’umwana, <ref>{{Cite book|pages=313–315}}</ref> n’abasirikare b’umutwe [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|w’igihugu cy’abatutsi]] wiganjemo abatutsi. <ref name="Swan">[[Michael Swan (journalist)|Michael Swan]], "Report calls for church to admit role in Rwanda genocide". The [[Catholic Register]], July 24–31, 2000, p. 24.</ref> FPR yavuze ko abo basirikare bizeraga ko abo bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry'imiryango yabo. <ref>New York Times. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A06E4D6113AF931A25755C0A962958260 June 5-10: New Atrocities in Africa; Three Bishops and 10 Priests Are Slaughtered in Rwanda As Tribal Killings Go On, June 12, 1994]</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/bnsen.html Abagatolika-Inzego] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180425112650/http://rci.rutgers.edu/~lcrew/dojustice/j245.html Ubufatanyacyaha bw'Abangilikani muri Jenoside mu Rwanda n'amasomo yo gusangira n'abangilikani muri iki gihe] {{s-start}} {{s-rel|ca}} {{succession box|title=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Nyundo|Bishop of Nyundo]]|before=[[Aloysius Bigirumwami]]|after=[[Wenceslas Kalibushi]]|years=1973&ndash;1976}} {{succession box|title=[[Archdiocese of Kigali|Archbishop of Kigali]]|before=none|after=[[Thaddée Ntihinyurwa]]|years=1976&ndash;1994}} {{s-end}} [[Ikiciro:Abahutu]] [[Ikiciro:Umupadili]] g2obtka9fzxyswfxb9yet1d3g9mftor 0 17476 139113 120427 2026-09-23T02:37:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139113 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:20180610 FIFA Friendly Match Austria vs. Brazil Neymar 850 1705.jpg|thumb|268x268px]] '''Neymar da Silva Santos Júnior''' (wavutse ku ya 5 Gashyantare 1992), uzwi ku izina rya '''Neymar Júnior''' cyangwa uzwi ku izina rya '''Neymar''', ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] wabigize umwuga ukomoka muri Berezile ukina nk'imbere mu ikipe ya Al Hilal yo muri [[Arabiya Sawudite]] ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Berezile. Umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi kandi ukina umukino uzwi cyane muburyo bwe bwo gukina, afatwa nkumwe mu bakinnyi beza ku isi ndetse n’umukinnyi mwiza wo muri Berezile wo mu gisekuru cye. Neymar yatsinze byibuze ibitego 100 mu makipe atatu atandukanye, bituma aba umwe mu bakinnyi bake bageze kuri iki gikorwa. [[Dosiye:Neymar (16245492137).jpg|thumb]] Neymar yamenyekanye cyane muri Santos, aho yakinnye bwa mbere mu mwuga afite imyaka 17. Bidatinze abaye umukinnyi w’icyamamare muri shampiyona ya Berezile, yatsindiye Copa Libertadores ya 2011 hamwe na Santos, ibaye iyambere kuva 1963. Yahawe igihembo cy'umupira w'amaguru muri Amerika y'Epfo mu 2011 na 2012, yimukira mu [[Burayi]] kugira ngo yinjire muri Barcelona mu 2013. Muri shampiyona ye ya kabiri, mu rwego rwo gutera batatu muri Barcelona hamwe na Lionel Messi na Luis Suárez, bise ''MSN'', yatsindiye igikombe cy’umugabane wa La Liga, Copa del Rey, na UEFA Champion League. Neymar yashishikarijwe kuba umukinnyi wibanze ku rwego rwamakipe, Neymar mu buryo butunguranye yavuye muri Barcelona yerekeza i [[Paris]] Saint-Germain (PSG) muri 2017 muri miliyoni 222 zama euro, bituma aba umukinnyi uhenze kurusha abandi.{{refn|Although Barcelona did not classify Neymar's €222 million buyout clause as a transfer fee, it was functionally identical to a transfer fee, since it cancelled his then-current contract with Barcelona (as in a typical transfer). The payment, provided by an unknown source, made him the most expensive football player.<ref name="FCB Neymar">{{cite press release|url=https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|title=FC Barcelona communiqué on Neymar Jr|date=3 August 2017|access-date=3 August 2017|publisher=FC Barcelona|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803171515/https://www.fcbarcelona.com/football/first-team/news/2017-2018/fc-barcelona-communique-on-neymar-jr-buyout-clause|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref><ref name="BBC Neymar">{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/football/40762417|title=Neymar: Paris St-Germain sign Barcelona forward for world record 222m euros|date=3 August 2017|access-date=4 August 2017|publisher=BBC|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803235435/http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/football/40762417|archive-date=3 August 2017}}</ref>|group=note}} In Paris, Neymar was voted Ligue 1 Player of the Year in his debut season, was integral to PSG reaching its first ever Champions League final in 2019–20, and became the highest scoring Brazilian player in Champions League history.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-20 |title=Neymar, Roberto Firmino, Thiago Silva: Who are Brazil's top UEFA Champions League performers? |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027c-16dec5d3607f-e40e8954f229-1000--neymar-roberto-firmino-thiago-silva-who-are-brazil-s-top-uef/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230819101738/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027c-16dec5d3607f-e40e8954f229-1000--neymar-roberto-firmino-thiago-silva-who-are-brazil-s-top-uef/ |archive-date=19 August 2023 |access-date=2023-08-19 |website=UEFA.com |language=en}}</ref> Imvune zatumye Neymar akina igihe cyo gukina muri PSG maze mu 2023, nyuma y’ibihe bitandatu na 5 bya Ligue 1 yegukana igikombe, yasinyiye Al Hilal mu masezerano yunguka. [[Dosiye:Neymar Jr presentation - Press conference for PSG 001.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Neymar Rio 2016.jpg|thumb|204x204px]] Umukinnyi wa mbere muri Berezile afite imyaka 18, Neymar niwe watsinze ibitego byinshi mu ikipe yigihugu cye ibitego 79 mumikino 128. Yatsindiye Igikombe cya FIFA 2013, yegukana Umupira wa Zahabu. Mu gikombe cye cya mbere cya FIFA World Cup, 2014, yashyizwe mu itsinda rya Dream Team. Uruhare rwe muri Copa América 2015 rwagabanutse kubera guhagarikwa, mbere yo gutwara Brezil umudari wa mbere wa zahabu mu mikino Olempike mu mupira wamaguru w’abagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2016, akaba yari amaze kubona umudari wa feza ku nshuro ya 2012 . Amaze kwanga kuba kapiteni, yagaragaye mu gikombe cyisi cya 2018, nyuma yo kubura Copa América ya 2019 kubera imvune, yafashije Brezil kurangiza umwanya wa kabiri mu marushanwa ya 2021, aho yatsindiye igihembo cy’umukinnyi witwaye neza hamwe na Messi. Mu gikombe cy'isi 2022, yinjiye muri Pelé na Ronaldo nk'Abanyaburezili bonyine batsinze ibitego bitatu mu gikombe cy'isi. Neymar yatsindiye ibihembo bitandatu bya Samba Gold, byahawe umukinnyi mwiza wa Berezile mu Burayi. [[Dosiye:Neymar Olympics August 2016.jpg|thumb|199x199px]] Neymar yegukanye umwanya wa gatatu muri FIFA Ballon d'Or muri 2015 na 2017, yahawe igihembo cya FIFA Puskás, yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa FIFA FIFPro World11 ndetse n'ikipe y'umwaka wa UEFA inshuro ebyiri, ndetse n'ikipe ya UEFA Champion League yo muri shampiyona ya gatatu ibihe. Hanze y'ikibuga, ashyirwa mu bakinnyi bakomeye ku isi. ''SportsPro'' yamwise umukinnyi wamamaye cyane ku isi muri 2012 na 2013, ESPN imuvuga ko ari umukinnyi wa kane ku isi uzwi cyane mu 2016. Muri 2017, ''Igihe'' cyamushyize ku rutonde ngarukamwaka rw’abantu 100 bakomeye ku isi. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=20 April 2017 |title=Neymar Belongs on Time's '100 Most Influential People'; David Beckham Explains Why |url=http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170421020228/http://nesn.com/2017/04/neymar-included-on-times-100-most-influential-people-david-beckham-explains-why/ |archive-date=21 April 2017 |website=NESN}}</ref> Muri 2018, ''Umupira wamaguru w’Ubufaransa'' washyize Neymar ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bakinnyi bahembwa menshi ku isi. Umwaka ukurikira, ''Forbes'' yamushyize ku mwanya wa gatatu mu bakinnyi bahembwa menshi ku isi, amanukana umwanya wa kane mu 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2020 |title=The World's Highest-Paid Athletes 2020 - Forbes |url=https://www.forbes.com/athletes/#5f15680855ae |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118041725/http://www.forbes.com/athletes/#5f15680855ae |archive-date=18 January 2015 |access-date=30 November 2020 |website=Forbes}}</ref> <references /> bk85qhyobowc0b309qimp4twdv8nxkz 0 17584 139184 101746 2026-09-23T03:16:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139184 wikitext text/x-wiki Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga (AAPD) ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu 501 (c) (3) uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga. <ref>https://www.aapd.com/ </ref> Inshingano ya AAPD ni ukongera ingufu za politiki n’ubukungu by’abafite ubumuga. Nk’umuryango w’igihugu uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga n’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, AAPD iharanira uburenganzira bwuzuye bw’abaturage ku Banyamerika barenga miliyoni 60 bafite ubumuga. AAPD iteza imbere amahirwe angana, imbaraga zubukungu, kubaho kwigenga, no kugira uruhare muri politiki kubantu bafite ubumuga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Association_of_People_with_Disabilities#cite_note-2</ref> Imwe mu ntego zibanze za AAPD ni ugukomeza gushyira mu bikorwa ibiteganywa n’itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990</ref>.<ref>https://facingdisability.com/resource/american-association-of-people-with-disabilities</ref><ref>https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0002359/</ref> == Amateka == AAPD yashinzwe ku ya 25 Nyakanga 1995, na Paul Hearne, Senateri Bob Dole, John D. Kemp, Justin Dart, Tony Coelho, Pat Wright, Jim Weisman, Lex Frieden, Sylvia Walker, Paul Marchand, Fred Fay, I. King Jordan, Denise Figueroa, Judi Chamberlin, Bill Demby, Deborah Kaplan, Nancy Bloch, Max Starkloff, Mike Auberger, Neil Jacobson, Ralph Neas, Ron Hartley, n'abandi.<ref>http://www.oas.org/sap/docs/DECO/7_EMBs/presentaciones/Dickson_e.pdf</ref> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] aw9hfnpmezpktgcbgmacnjzubb0s8wh 0 17597 139173 118690 2026-09-23T03:14:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139173 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Persons Living with Disability in Ghana at the Global Disability Summit co-hosted in Ghana.jpg|thumb|abafite ubumuga]] '''Fondasiyo ya ONCE (mu [[icyongereza]]: Foundation for the Cooperation and Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities)''' ishinzwe ubufatanye no gushyira mu bikorwa imibereho y’abafite ubumuga yavutse muri Gashyantare 1988, byemejwe n’inama nkuru y’umuryango w’abibumbye, kandi yashyikirijwe sosiyete muri Nzeri uwo mwaka nkigikoresho cy’ubufatanye n’ubufatanye bw’impumyi. Abesipanyoli berekeza ku yandi matsinda y’abafite ubumuga kugirango bazamure imibereho yabo.<ref>https://www.fundaciononce.es/es</ref><ref>https://www.epr.eu/member/fundacion-once/</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONCE</ref><ref>https://e-camara.com/web/en/socios-camara/fundacion-once-2/</ref><ref>https://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_381</ref> == Intego == ONCE Foundation igira uruhare mu kwinjiza mu buryo bwuzuye abafite ubumuga, no gushyira mu bikorwa ihame ry'amahirwe angana no kutavangura. == Icyerekezo == Icyerekezo cya Fundación ONCE nuguhora uhindagurika imbere yikibazo gishya, gukomeza kuyobora kwishyira hamwe kwimibereho nubwigenge bwabafite ubumuga muburyo bwo gushyigikira kandi burambye. == Inkingi zifatizo == • Guteza imbere ubufatanye n’ubufatanye mu kwerekana ibikorwa, imishinga na gahunda bigamije ababana n’ubumuga bose ku butaka bw’igihugu. • Kimwe no gushakisha ubufatanye, ubufatanye n’ubwitange bw’inzego zose, ibigo, abakozi n’ibigo, ibya Leta cyangwa ibyigenga, bigira uruhare mu iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho.<ref>[https://www.fundaciononce.es/es/quienes-somos/proposito-vision-y-valores?utm_term=fundaci%C3%B3n%20para%20personas%20con%20discapacidad&utm_campaign=Instrumentos+de+Protecci%C3%B3n+Jur%C3%ADdica+y+Legal+(B)&utm_source=adwords&utm_medium=ppc&hsa_acc=8366932018&hsa_cam=20869985983&hsa_grp=162442727648&hsa_ad=684715590608&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=kwd-335526261571&hsa_kw=fundaci%C3%B3n%20para%20personas%20con%20discapacidad&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gclid=Cj0KCQiAtaOtBhCwARIsAN_x-3LWJT36__HRhQYCkTzGoEdAJT5-S434-jxQ7AO1wukbvOMQkePwhj8aAljcEALw_wcB '''Foundation for the Cooperation and Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities''']</ref> == Amahame == • Imiyoborere myiza, gukorera mu mucyo no kuba indashyikirwa mu bipimo no mu bikorwa, mu gusobanura ibikorwa byihutirwa, mu gukoresha umutungo wacyo no kumenyekanisha ibisubizo byayo. • Kwuzuzanya n’ibikorwa by’ubuyobozi bwa Leta, kandi hagomba kwitabwaho kugira ngo ibikorwa bya Fondasiyo bitagenda buhoro buhoro bigenda bisimburana, hakoreshejwe uburyo, inshingano z’ububasha bwa Leta, mu bice byose bya politiki kuri ababana n'ubumuga. ubumuga. Icyakora, irashobora gufatanya nubuyobozi mu kwemeza amasezerano cyangwa ibitaramo byo guteza imbere imishinga cyangwa gahunda, mugihe hari uruhare runini rutangwa nabo. • Ubufatanye n'abakozi ba leta n'abikorera ku giti cyabo, gushiraho umubano wo kwizerana no guhora dushaka inyungu zisangiwe. • Menya neza ko ibikorwa byose byakozwe kugirango iterambere ryabyo bigire ingaruka ku mibereho n’ubushobozi bwo guhindura imibereho. • Guhanga udushya, guteza imbere ibikorwa, kuyobora inzira, imishinga no gukangurira abakozi bose n'umutungo kubahiriza intego zabo. • Ubwigenge no kutabogama kubijyanye nimbaraga zose za leta cyangwa izigenga. • Kuramba no kubaha ibidukikije mugutezimbere ibikorwa byose ikora kugirango igere ku ntego zayo. • Uburinganire nyabwo kandi bunoze hagati y'abagore n'abagabo. == Inshingano == Inshingano ya Fundación ONCE ni uguteza imbere uburinganire no kwinjiza abafite ubumuga n'imiryango yabo, hibandwa cyane cyane ku mahugurwa, akazi no kugera ku bicuruzwa, serivisi n'ibidukikije. Yashinzwe na ONCE (ishyirahamwe ry’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona muri Espagne (mu [[icyongereza]]: the National organization of the blind in Spain) mu 1988 kandi mu nama y’ubuyobozi harimo imiryango minini y’Abanyesipanyoli bafite ubumuga, barimo CERMI (Umuryango w’abafite ubumuga muri Espagne (mu [[icyongereza]]: the Spanish Disability Umbrella Organization). Fundación ONCE ni iyitsinda rya ONCE Social Group, rifite itsinda ryubucuruzi rusange, ILUNION, rigamije guhanga imirimo myiza kubantu bafite ubumuga. ILUNION ifite imirongo irenga 50 yubucuruzi, kandi ikoresha abanyamwuga bagera ku 38.000, 40% muribo bafite ubumuga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://d-wisenetwork.eu/en/partners |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-18 |archive-date=2024-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118074949/https://d-wisenetwork.eu/en/partners |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibikorwa == • Guteza imbere umurimo wuzuye w’abafite ubumuga. • Gutezimbere impamyabumenyi yumwuga, ubushobozi bwakazi hamwe nubumenyi bwumwuga nu mwuga, nkugena ibintu byerekana urwego rwabakozi bafite ubumuga bityo rero, mugikorwa cyo guhuza abakozi. • Gutezimbere kugerwaho kwisi yose no gushushanya kuri bose. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Umuryango]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta]] [[Ikiciro:Esipanye]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] aso85zormf7grgrpzanaa40ck4bmrp4 0 17622 139185 137801 2026-09-23T03:16:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139185 wikitext text/x-wiki '''AMATEKA Y'UWAHARANIRAGA ABAFITE UBUMUGA''' '''Judith "Judy" Heumann''' (yavutse1947- atabaruka [[Werurwe]] 4th, 2023) yari umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku rwego mpuzamahanga, uzwi cyane nka "nyina" w’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga (mu [[icyongereza]]:“the mother” of the Disability Rights Movement). Yabaye umuyobozi mu gice cy’amateka 504 Sit-In yo mu 1977 kandi yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa andi mategeko y’uburenganzira bw’abafite [[ubumuga]]. Judy yakoraga mu buyobozi bwa Clinton na [[Barack Obama|Obama]], nk'umujyanama muri [[Banki y'Isi]], ndetse n' umugenzuzi mukuru muri Ford Foundation. Amateka ya Judy agaragara muri Oscar yatowe na Crip Camp: Impinduramatwara y’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’igitabo cye, Kuba Heumann: Memoire itihannye y’abaharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Heumann</ref><ref>https://www.aclu.org/bio/judy-heumann</ref><ref>https://www.aclu.org/bio/judy-heumann</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/2023/03/04/1161169017/disability-activist-judy-heumann-dead-75 </ref> == Amashuri == Judy yabonye impamyabumenyi muri kaminuza ya Long Island i Brooklyn, NY mu 1969 ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu buzima rusange yakuye muri kaminuza ya Californiya i Berkeley mu 1975. Yahawe impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro yakuye muri kaminuza zo muri [[Amerika]] harimo na kaminuza ya New York, kaminuza ya Pittsburgh, Ishuri Rikuru rya Midbury, na Smith College. == Amateka == Mu 1977, Judy yari umuyobozi mu mateka 504 Sit-In i San Francisco. Iyi myigaragambyo y'iminsi 26 (yicaye igihe kirekire mu nyubako ya federasiyo kugeza ubu) yatumye ingingo ya 504 y'itegeko ryerekeye gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe ishyirwaho umukono mu mategeko. Judy yagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere no gushyira mu bikorwa andi mategeko harimo n’amategeko agenga ababana n’ubumuga, itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga, n’amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga. Izi ngingo z’amategeko zagize uruhare runini mu guteza imbere kwinjiza abamugaye muri Amerika ndetse no ku isi hose.<ref name=":0">https://judithheumann.com/project/about/</ref> Kuva mu 1993 kugeza 2001, Judy yabaye mu buyobozi bwa Clinton nk'umunyamabanga wungirije mu biro bishinzwe uburezi bwihariye na serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe mu ishami ry'uburezi. Judy yaje kuba Umujyanama wa mbere wa Banki y'Isi ku bijyanye n'ubumuga n'iterambere kuva mu 2002 kugeza 2006. Kuri uyu mwanya, yayoboye umurimo w'abafite ubumuga bwa Banki y'Isi mu rwego rwo kwagura ubumenyi n'ubushobozi bwo gukorana na guverinoma ndetse na sosiyete sivile ku bijyanye n'ubumuga mu biganiro ku isi. Mu mwaka wa 2010, Perezida Obama yashyizeho Judy nk'umujyanama wa mbere w’uburenganzira mpuzamahanga bw’abafite ubumuga muri Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga ya Amerika, aho yakoraga kugeza mu 2017. Mayor Fenty wa D.C. yashyizeho Judy nk'umuyobozi wa mbere w’ishami rishinzwe serivisi z’abafite ubumuga, aho yari ashinzwe. kubuyobozi bushinzwe iterambere ry’abafite ubumuga n’ubuyobozi bwa serivisi zita ku buzima busanzwe. Yabaye kandi Mugenzi mukuru muri Ford Foundation, aho yakoreye impapuro zera Ikarita yumuhanda yo Kwinjiza. Judy yari umunyamuryango washinze ikigo cya Berkeley gishinzwe ubuzima bwigenga nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’ibanze muri Amerika kandi gifasha gutangiza Umuryango wigenga wigenga haba mu gihugu ndetse no ku isi yose. Mu 1983, Judy yashinze ikigo cy’isi gishinzwe ubumuga (WID) hamwe na Ed Roberts na Joan Leon, nk’imwe mu miryango ya mbere iharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga ku isi yashinzwe kandi ikomeza kuyoborwa n’abafite ubumuga ikora mu guhuza byimazeyo ababana n’ubumuga mu baturage. hafi yabo binyuze mubushakashatsi, politiki, nimbaraga zo kugisha inama. Mu mibereho ye yose, Judy yakoraga mu nama nyinshi zidaharanira inyungu, harimo Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika ry’abafite ubumuga, Ikigega cyita ku burenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga n’ikigega cy’ingabo, Ikiremwamuntu no kubishyira mu bikorwa, Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu, Inama mpuzamahanga y’abafite ubumuga muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, na Save the Bana. Kuba Heumann: Memoire itihannye y’umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, yanditswe na Judy hamwe n’umwanditsi umwe Kristen Joiner, yasohowe na Beacon Press mu 2020. Nyuma ya 2021 ni verisiyo y’abakuze, Rolling Warrior. Ibitabo byombi byafashwe amajwi bisomwa na Ali Stroker, umukoresha wa mbere w’ibimuga ukora kuri Broadway. Nyuma yintambara enye zo gupiganira amasoko, Kuba imiterere ya firime ya Heumann bizakorwa na Apple TV + hamwe na producer David Permut (Hacksaw Ridge) hamwe numwanditsi / umuyobozi Sian Heder (Igihembo cya Academy Yatsindiye 'Ishusho nziza' CODA). Judy agaragara muri Crip Camp: Impinduramatwara y’abafite ubumuga, yatsindiye igihembo cya 2020, filime documentaire yatowe na Oscar, iyobowe na James LeBrecht na Nicole Newnham kandi yakozwe na Obama Higher Ground Production Company. Yagaragaye mu zindi documentaire nyinshi zivuga ku mateka y’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga, harimo Ubuzima bukwiriye kubaho n’imbaraga za 504. Yatanze ikiganiro cya TED mu 2016, “Intambara yacu iharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga- n'impamvu tutarakozwe nyamara ”. Amateka ye yavuzwe no ku mateka y’abasinzi ya Comedy Central mu ntangiriro za 2018, aho yagaragajwe na Ali Stroker. Muri 2020, Judy yagaragaye kuri show ya Trevor Noah. Yakiriye kandi podcast yegukanye ibihembo yitwa The Heumann Perspective, igaragaramo abanyamuryango batandukanye bo mu muryango w’abafite ubumuga. == Ibihembo == Yabonye kandi ibihembo byinshi birimo kuba uwambere wahawe igihembo cya Henry B. Betts mu rwego rwo gushimira imbaraga zo kuzamura imibereho myiza y’abafite ubumuga ndetse n’igihembo cya Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award cyatanzwe n’inama y’igihugu ishinzwe imibereho yigenga. == Urupfu == Judy Heumann yitabye Imana ku ya 4 Werurwe 2023 afite imyaka 75. Amakuru y’urupfu rwe yavuzwe n’ibigo bikomeye byo muri Amerika ndetse no ku isi yose. Judy Heumann yitabye Imana ku ya 4 Werurwe 2023 afite imyaka 75. Komeza ugendane n'imishinga mu cyubahiro cya Judy ukurikiza Umurage wa Judy Heumann kuri Instagram na Facebook cyangwa wiyandikisha mu kinyamakuru Judy Heumann.<ref name=":0" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] qqh3idowcys15t157bhsj798poa2d0y 0 17642 139286 135239 2026-09-23T07:38:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139286 wikitext text/x-wiki ASSISTEP[[Dosiye:AssiStep.jpg|thumb| Fasha ukuboko ]] [[Dosiye:AssiStep.jpg|thumb|'''AssiStep''']] [[Dosiye:Vertigo View At Varanasi Lolark Kund (243970515).jpeg|thumb|'''AssiStep''']] '''AssiStep''' (Assitech AS) ni igikoresho cyagenwe gishobora gukoreshwa n'abantu bafite umuvuduko muke wo kuzamuka no kumanuka kuri esikaliye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AssiStep the "rollator for stairs" is a new innovation helping Elderly and People with Disabilities to exercise and stay independent from help giving you fall prevention |url=https://ec.europa.eu/eip/ageing/commitments-tracker/a2/assistep-rollator-stairs-new-innovation-helping-elderly-and-people_en |website=ec.europa.eu}}</ref> Igizwe na sisitemu ya gariyamoshi yashyizwe ku rukuta, ifatanyijemo n'urutoki. ibi bicuruzwa byatejwe imbere muri Trondheim ( [[Noruveje]] ) ubu bigurishwa mu bihugu bigera kuri 16. == Koresha == iki gikoresho gitanga inkunga binyuze muburyo bwo gufunga. Ugikoresha afata k'urutoki, kimwe na rotor. Kuzamuka no kumanuka kuntambwe imwe, uyikoresha azamura ikiganza uburebure bwikiganza imbere kandi kirifunga mugihe gihagaze. == Iterambere == AssiStep yakozwe mbere n’abahoze biga muri injeniyeri bo muri NTNU, ku bufatanye n’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi bwa Occupational therapy i Trondheim, aho intego zari ugutegura igikoresho kidasaba amashanyarazi no gukumira ikoreshwa ry'urwego. Batangiye muri 2012 mu gihe bari bakiyandikisha muri kaminuza. mu kuyikora neza byatwaye imyaka 3, mbere yuko AssiStep itangizwa muri 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Høisæther |first=Lillian |title=Egge Helsetun først ut med rullator i trapp |url=https://www.steinkjer.kommune.no/egge-helsetun-foerst-ut-med-rullator-i-trapp.5754896-360157.html |website=steinkjer.kommune.no |publisher=Steinkjer kommune |language=Norwegian |access-date=2024-01-19 |archive-date=2020-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200221102452/https://www.steinkjer.kommune.no/egge-helsetun-foerst-ut-med-rullator-i-trapp.5754896-360157.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu ntangiriro za 2020, yabonetse mu bihugu 16 byose. Icyiciro cyiterambere n’umusaruro cyatewe inkunga binyuze mu bukangurambaga bwo guhuza abantu aho miliyoni 2 za kroner zashowe muri uyu mushinga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AssiStep: The walker in the stairs |url=https://www.fundedbyme.com/en/campaign/3622/assistep-helping-people-stay-independent/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180910164459/https://www.fundedbyme.com/en/campaign/3622/assistep-helping-people-stay-independent/ |archive-date=2018-09-10 |access-date=2020-02-21 |website=fundedbyme.com}}</ref> AssiStep yahawe ibihembo inshuro nyinshi: * Igihembo cya "Best solution" na Silver Eco Aging Well Award muri 2019 * Yatowe igihembo kubera udushya gikoranye muri Nordic <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nordic Independent Living Challenge |url=https://www.nordicinnovation.org/realchallenge |website=nordicinnovation.org}}</ref> * Igihembo cyumushinga mwiza wubufatanye bwa Nordic muri 2016 ninama ya Nordic * Cyabonye umwanya wa kabiri muri [[Venture Cup]] Edition 2013, amarushanwa ya gahunda yubucuruzi ya Scandinaviya AssiStep yapimwe kandi yemejwe na sosiyete yo mu Budage TÜV, umuryango utanga serivisi zo kugenzura no gutanga ibicuruzwa. Yubahiriza ibipimo byumutekano tekinike EN ISO 12182: 2012 (infashanyo yimodoka kubasaza) na EN ISO 14971: 2012 (ibikoresho byubuvuzi). <ref name="NAV">{{Cite web |last=NAV |date= |title=Hjelpemiddeldatabasen - AssiStep fra Hepro AS |url=https://www.hjelpemiddeldatabasen.no/r11x.asp?linkinfo=46259 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830192824/http://www.hjelpemiddeldatabasen.no/r11x.asp?linkinfo=46259 |archive-date=2017-08-30 |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=www.hjelpemiddeldatabasen.no}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] 86xrer45sxxwcozw0ugorwzkfgvxytd 0 17650 139410 137097 2026-09-23T09:41:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139410 wikitext text/x-wiki ==   Sosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi == '''Cadence Biomedical''' ni sosiyete ikora ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi itanga ibicuruzwa bya orthotic kugirango bifashe abantu bafite ubumuga bukomeye bwo kugenda. Ni <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cadence Biomedical Launches Kickstart Kinetic Orthosis |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120919005955/en/Cadence-Biomedical-Launches-Kickstart-Kinetic-Orthosis |access-date=13 January 2013 |publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> Isosiyete iherereye i Seattle, Washington kandi yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2007 ku izina rya Empowering Engineering Technologies. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=John |title=Cadence Biomedical scores $1.1 million to help people with disabilities walk |url=http://www.geekwire.com/2012/cadence-biomedical-scores-11m-people-disabilities-walk/ |access-date=13 January 2013 |publisher=Geekwire}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa == Muri Kanama mu mwaka 2012, Cadence Biomedical yasohoye ibicuruzwa byayo byambere, Kickstart Walking System. Kickstart nigikoresho gishobora kwambarwa, cyangwa orthose, iha abakoresha ituze nubushobozi bwo kugenda wigenga.Ni Igikoresho kigamije kunoza umuvuduko kubantu bagira mubwonko, cyangwa kubantu bafite ibikomere by'ubwonko nko guhungabana k'umugongo, gukomereka cg guhungabana k'ubwonko, sclerose nyinshi cyangwa dystrofi y'imitsi. Yashizweho kugira ngo itange ubufasha bwo kugenda no gutuza kubantu bafite ikibazo cyo kugenda, cyane cyane iyo bafite ikibazo cyo kuzamura ivi, gufata amano mugihe uteye intambwe, kubura kwihangana, cyangwa ibibazo bijyanye no guhuza, kuringaniza, cyangwa gutuza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quick |first=Darren |title=Kickstart mechanical orthosis puts a spring in your step, no batteries required |url=http://www.gizmag.com/kickstart-kinetic-walk-assist/24255/ |access-date=10 January 2013 |publisher=Gizmag}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ostrovsky |first=Gene |title=Kickstart Orthosis Assists in Walking Using Elegant Unpowered Mechanics (videos) |url=http://www.medgadget.com/2012/09/kickstart-orthosis-assists-in-walking-using-elegant-unpowered-mechanics.html |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=Med Gadget |archive-date=20 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181020053044/https://www.medgadget.com/2012/09/kickstart-orthosis-assists-in-walking-using-elegant-unpowered-mechanics.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cadence Biomedical Launches Kickstart Kinetic Orthosis |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120919005955/en/Cadence-Biomedical-Launches-Kickstart-Kinetic-Orthosis |access-date=14 January 2013 |publisher=Business Wire}}</ref> Icyogikoresho ntigikoresha imbaraga zo hanze cyangwa bateri kugira ngo gitange ubufasha, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Quick |first=Darren |date=24 September 2012 |title=Kickstart mechanical orthosis puts a spring in your step, no batteries required |url=http://www.gizmag.com/kickstart-kinetic-walk-assist/24255/}}/</ref> ariko gikora kimwe na robot exoskeletons kuko ifasha gutera amaguru imbere kandi ikongerera imbaraga zihari. Ibicuruzwa byasohotse mu mwaka wa 2012 kandi biboneka binyuze muri orthotiste muri Amerika. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == p1xc7bq612xrfa7y7q6qq7p7o5814by 0 17667 139479 136533 2026-09-23T09:49:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139479 wikitext text/x-wiki == Mitra Personal Mover == '''The Mitra personal mover:''' n'igikoresho cyo gukoresha bateri cyo [[Mobility aid|m'ubuhinde]]. Ikinyabiziga gifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuntu umwe kandi kigamije kuba ingirakamaro cyane cyane muri koridoro yikibuga cy’indege, by’ibigo ndetse no mu nyubako zidasanzwe nk'ibitaro aho hasabwa urusaku rukeya. Iyi modoka ifite moteri yimpanga kandi ikora m'uburyo budasanzwe bwo kuyobora imashini yakozwe nabashakashatsi Rishabh Sinha na Subhav Sinha. == Amateka == Subhav Sinha, umwe mu bahimbyi, yatoranijwe nka 'Nyampinga mpuzamahanga w’ibihe' mu mwaka wa 2010, gahunda ikorwa n’inama y’[[Ubwongereza]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=International Climate Champions 2010 |url=http://www.britishcouncil.org/india-projects-lcf-climatechampions.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121005092443/http://www.britishcouncil.org/india-projects-lcf-climatechampions.htm |archive-date=2012-10-05 |access-date=2012-10-19 |publisher=Britishcouncil.org}}</ref> Ibyaremwe byavuzwe na CII (Ihuriro ry’inganda zo mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]]) mu ''kinyamakuru cy’ubucuruzi buciriritse n’inganda'' nka "Mitra yerekana inzira yo guhanga udushya". <ref>{{Cite web |title=SME Business: From The Chairman's Desk |url=http://www.cii.in/webcms/Upload/SME%20Business%20March%202010.pdf |access-date=2012-10-19 |publisher=Cii.in}}</ref> ''Ikinyamakuru The Economic Times'' cyerekanye imurikagurisha ryabo muri Auto Expo hamwe n’ingingo 'Umuntu wimuka' ikurura amaso kuri Auto Expo ' Ikinyamakuru ''ba rwiyemezamirimo bo mu Buhinde'' cyanagaragaje Mitra mu gice cyacyo cyo gutangiza mu kiganiro' Mobility Get Personal '. <ref name="entrepreneurindia.in">{{Cite web |title=Mobility Gets Personal — Entrepreneur India |url=http://entrepreneurindia.in/mobility-gets-personal/1285 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100518232037/http://entrepreneurindia.in/mobility-gets-personal/1285 |archive-date=May 18, 2010 |access-date=May 8, 2010}}</ref> Techpedia, umuyoboro wimishinga y'ikoranabuhanga ry'abanyeshuri, gahunda ya SRISTI (Sosiyete ishinzwe ubushakashatsi na Initiative for Sustainable Technologies and Institution) yerekanye iyi modoka kurutonde rw'imishinga yayo yo hejuru. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TechPedia |url=http://techpedia.in/project_details.php?project_id=10038&page=1&type_rate=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100426071219/http://techpedia.in/project_details.php?project_id=10038&page=1&type_rate=1 |archive-date=April 26, 2010 |access-date=2012-10-19 |publisher=Techpedia.in}}</ref> Iyi modoka yatwikiriwe n’abayobozi bayobora buri munsi nka ''The Hindu'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-07 |title=New Delhi News : Showcasing student car |url=http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/07/stories/2010010752750300.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101230004759/http://www.hindu.com/2010/01/07/stories/2010010752750300.htm |archive-date=2010-12-30 |access-date=2012-10-19 |website=[[The Hindu]]}}</ref> na ''Deccan Chronicle''. Mitra yakoreshejwe mu imikino mpuzamahanga ya Commonwealth mu mwaka wa 2010 yabereye i New Delhi. Yagaragaye kandi mu imurikagurisha ry’igihugu CII- I3, ryateguwe ku bufatanye na CII, Agilent Technologies na DST mu Ishami ry'ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga. Mitra yerekanwe mu imurikagurisha kunshuro ya 10 ryabereye ahitwa i Pragati Maidan i New Delhi, mu gihugu cy'uBuhinde. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-08-14 |title=Dainik Disha- Top Entertainment Portal, Latest News and updates from all around the world |url=http://www.inditop.com/business/personalised-mover-draws-eyes-at-auto-expo |access-date=2012-10-19 |publisher=Inditop.com |archive-date=2012-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306105302/http://www.inditop.com/business/personalised-mover-draws-eyes-at-auto-expo |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-06 |title='Personalised mover' draws eyes at Auto Expo (With images) - Thaindian News |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/personalised-mover-draws-eyes-at-auto-expo-with-images_100299975.html |access-date=2012-10-19 |publisher=Thaindian.com |archive-date=2012-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121008124559/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/sci-tech/personalised-mover-draws-eyes-at-auto-expo-with-images_100299975.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Igishushanyo == Rishabh Sinha na Subhav nibo bateje imbere Mitra. Ikinyabiziga kiringaniye kandi gifite imyanya yo guhagarara no kwicara k'Umuntu umwe. Guhuza ibiziga byihariye biha ikinyabiziga imbaraga zidasanzwe mu gucunga hagati ya rukuruzi, kandi ikabuza Umuntu kugwa mu gihe yihuta, feri cyangwa mu gihe gikomeye. Kuba bateri ikoreshwa, iyi modoka yangiza ibidukikije, <ref name="entrepreneurindia.in"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Delhi and neighbourhood |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2010/20100106/delhi.htm#6 |access-date=2012-10-19 |publisher=Tribuneindia.com}}</ref> kuko idasohora imyanda yose kandi ikoresha ingufu nke ugereranije n'ibinyabiziga bya peteroli na mazutu bihari. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0kt60kg1ubylr4mwrti2bdh2mkg0x1h 0 17701 139337 124032 2026-09-23T07:49:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139337 wikitext text/x-wiki INKONI YERA[[Dosiye:Long_cane.jpg|thumb| Inkoni ndende, igikoresho cy'ambere kigendagenda kubafite ubumuga bwo kutabona]] [[Dosiye:ID cane.jpg|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:White cane in Tokyo area - Aug 31 2019.jpeg|thumb|white cane]] '''white cane''' cyangwa '''Inkoni yera''' ni igikoresho gikoreshwa na bantu benshi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Inkoni yera yemerera cyane uyikoresha gusikana nta nzitizi cyangwa icyerekezo, ariko kandi ifasha abayireba mukumenya uyikoresha ko ari impumyi cyangwa ubumuga bwo kutabona no gufata neza. Icya nyuma ni impamvu yibara ryera ry'ibiti.  == Ibihinduka == Iyi koni ikorwa muri [[aluminiyumu]], plastike ikomezwa na grafitike cyangwa izindi plastiki zishimangirwa na fibure, kandi ishobora gukorwa bitewe ni nama zitandukanye bitewe n'ibyifuzo byabayikoresha. [[Dosiye:Long_cane_folded.jpg|thumb| Inkoni ndende ivugaguye]] Inkoni yera irashobora kuba ivunaguye cyangwa igororotse, hamwe na verisiyo zombi zifite ibyiza n'ibibi. Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’abatabona muri Amerika ryemeza ko urumuri n’uburebure bw’imigozi igororotse bituma abantu bagenda neza n’umutekano, nubwo imigozi ishobora kugwa ishobora kubikwa mu buryo bworoshye, bikabaha inyungu ahantu huzuye abantu nko mu byumba by’ishuri ndetse n’ibikorwa rusange. <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=eWn8kwKAwF4C&q=%22white+cane%22+%22advantage%22+%22public%22&pg=PA145 ''Code of Federal Regulations: 1985-1999'']</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Woman_crossing_the_street_using_a_white_cane.jpg|thumb| Umugore yambuka umuhanda akoresheje inkoni yera.]] Impumyi zakoresheje inkoni nkibikoresho by'imuka mu binyejana byinshi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kelley |first=Pat |year=1999 |title=Historical Development of Orientation and Mobility as a Profession |url=http://www.orientationandmobility.org/profession.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205015410/http://orientationandmobility.org/profession.html |archive-date=5 February 2012 |access-date=20 January 2012 |publisher=OrientationAndMobility.org}}</ref> Muri 1921, James Biggs, umufotozi ukomoka i Bristol wabaye impumyi nyuma y'impanuka, akaba atishimiye ubwinshi bw'imodoka yazengurukaga iwe, yashushanyije inkoni ye yagendaga yera kugirango igaragare muburyo byoroshye. <ref>'Mobility of Visually Impaired People: Fundamentals and ICT Assistive Technologies'' {{ISBN|978-3-319-54444-1}} p. 363''</ref> == Amategeko yerekeye inkoni == [[Dosiye:Support_cane_folded.jpg|left|thumb| Inkoni ifatika]] Mu [[Bwongereza]], inkoni yera yerekana ko umuntu afite ubumuga bwo kutabona ariko yumva bisanzwe nk'abandi bantu; byerekana ko uyikoresha ari igipfamatwi.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The Cane Explained |url=https://www.rnib.org.uk/cane-explained |website=[[Royal National Institute of Blind People|RNIB]] |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2020-12-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201214112127/https://www.rnib.org.uk/cane-explained |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri [[Amerika|Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika]], amategeko aratandukanye bitewe na leta zitandukanye, ariko mu bihe byose, abatwara inkoni yera bahabwa uburenganzira bwo mu nzira iyo bambutse umuhanda. Bahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha inkoni yera, ahantu hose hahurira abantu benshi. Rimwe na rimwe, birabujijwe ko umuntu utari impumyi akoresha inkoni yera agamije guhabwa uburenganzira. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2004-06-24 |title=National Association of Guide Dog Users |url=http://www.nfb-nagdu.org/laws/usa/usa.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040624082801/http://www.nfb-nagdu.org/laws/usa/usa.html |archive-date=2004-06-24 |access-date=2021-10-21}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=White Cane Laws for States {{!}} American Council of the Blind |url=https://acb.org/whitecane |access-date=2021-10-21 |website=acb.org |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021225933/https://acb.org/whitecane |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abana == Mu bihugu byinshi, harimo n’Ubwongereza, inkoni yera ntabwo isanzwe imenyeshwa umwana kugeza bafite hagati y'imyaka 7 na 10. Ariko, vuba aha inkoni zatangiye kwinjizwa mu gihe umwana yiga kugenda kugirango afashwe mu iterambere. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldaccessfortheblind.org/sites/default/files/Facilitating_Movement.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304100514/http://www.worldaccessfortheblind.org/sites/default/files/Facilitating_Movement.pdf |url-status=dead }}{{page needed|date=February 2012}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Common Sense - Home |url=http://www.commonsense.me.uk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502155952/http://commonsense.me.uk/ |archive-date=2012-05-02 |access-date=2019-07-20}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * GPS kubafite ubumuga bwo kutabona * Amashanyarazi * Kuyobora imbwa * Kuyobora ifarashi * [[Assistive cane|Inkoni ifasha]] * [[Hoople|Hoople (infashanyo yimodoka)]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == {{Commonscat|White canes}} * [https://www.njcounciloftheblind.org/brochures/history_of_white_cane.htm Amateka ya Cane yera] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070713030835/http://www.acb.org/pedestrian/whitecane.html Amateka yumunsi wumutekano wa Cane] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] avvcs6333acyoox9xq0hg0stecirclh 0 17711 139145 126872 2026-09-23T02:58:09Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139145 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:USMC-000101-M-4756O-225.jpg|thumb|'''Segs4Vets''']] '''Segs4Vets''' ni gahunda yakomezaga yatangiye muri 2005, ni imbaraga zo mu nzego z’ibanze kandi ziyobowe n’abakorerabushake bo muri Amerika zatanganga imodoka za Segway PT ku basirikare b’abafite ubumuga bo muri Amerika. Iyi gahunda yatange bwa mbere muri Nzeri 2005 ku bantu batatu bari bafite ibikomere muri Operation y’ubwisanzure bwa Iraki, yatekerejwe kandi ashyirwa mu bikorwa hifashishijwe Jenerali Ralph "Ed" Eberhart, USAF (Ret), na Perezida w’Ingabo. == Gahunda yo gukomeretsa bikabije abasare n'abasare (SIMS) == [[Dosiye:Segways at Djurgården in Stockholm (14567977599).jpg|thumb|Imodoka za Segs4Vets]] Muri Gicurasi 2006, Colonel William J. O'Brien, USMC (Ret), Yari umuyobozi w’ishami ry’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi hamwe n’abasirikare bakomeretse bikabije, yari gahunda y’icyitegererezo yashyizweho n’umunyamabanga wungirije w’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi HC Barney Barnum, bakoreraga serivisi abakozi bakomeretse muri Marine Corps na Navy, cyangwa kubafasha muguhinduka kwabikorera, bamenye gahunda ya Segs4Vets. Muri Nyakanga 2006, abakozi bato ba gahunda ya SIMS, Colonel O'Brien, HMC Christine Jensen, USN, na Joseph Wade batangiye gufatanya na gahunda ya Segs4Vets mu rwego rwo kubashishikariza gukora OEF & OIF benshi bari bakomeretse bikabije. == Gahunda yo Gusuzuma Amahugurwa == [[Dosiye:Segway (2010)-01-2.jpg|thumb|Abashinzwe umutekano bari gukoresha imodoka za segs4Vets]] Mu mwaka wo muri 2006, batangiye gushyiraho gahunda z’amahugurwa n’isuzuma ku bigo nderabuzima bya gisirikare byatangaga ubuvuzi busubiza busanzwe na OEF na OIF bakomeretse bikabije. Muri ibyo bigo harimo ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cya Walter Reed yo muri Gashyantare 2006, Ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’ingabo zirwanira mu mazi muri Gicurasi 2006, ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cya Brooke mu gushyingo 2006, n’ikigo nderabuzima cya Nav San San Diego mu gushyingo 2008. == Abakiriye neza == * Serija Kortney Clemons, Amerika, (Ret) == Ibihembo n'ibihembo == * Muri 2008 Umunyamabanga w’ingabo za Leta, Mu gihembo cy’indashyikirwa mu bikorwa bya Leta mu gutanga inkunga idasanzwe ku Basirikare b'igihugu cyacu * Igihembo cya Roho w'amizero muri 2010 cyatanzwe n'ibiro bya Minisitiri w’ingabo * 2016 Umudari w'ishimwe rya Kongere y'icyubahiro Sosiyete y'icyubahiro y'abanyagihugu yahawe Jerry Kerr kubera kwerekana ibiranga umudari w'ishimwe * Abagiraneza bigenga bo muri Amerika Ikirango cy'indashyikirwa * Umwe mu bagize Umuryango w’abasirikare n’abasirikare bashinzwe ibikorwa muri Amerika (MFVSOA) == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.draft.org/Home.aspx Urubuga rwemewe rwa Segs4Vets] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210314183821/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2011/12/prweb9011866.htm Umusirikare wakomerekejwe na Vietnam-Amerika Umusirikare yakiriye Segway] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111020103514/http://www.military.com/features/0,15240,167940,00.html Vets yakomeretse Yongera umuvuduko hamwe na Segways] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130813212553/http://www.monstercable.com/community/segs4vets.asp Umugozi wa Monster na Segs4Vets] * [http://www.mysanantonio.com/news/military/article/Segway-event-brings-mobility-healing-1385828.php Gahunda ya Segs4Vets izana kugenda, gukira] * [http://www.websterkirkwoodtimes.com/Articles-i-2009-11-13-167560.113118_Segs4Vets_Program_Honors_Wounded_Warriors.html Gahunda ya Segs4Vets Yubaha Intwari Zakomeretse] * [http://napavalleyregister.com/news/local/segs-vets-offers-segways-to-disabled-veterans/article_5abdaac6-ced9-11e0-9e36-001cc4c03286.html Segs4Vets itanga Segways kubafite ubumuga] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130101094626/http://www.hlntv.com/article/2012/04/06/segways-veterans-segs-4-vets Gahunda ya Segs4Vets Yubaha Intwari Zakomeretse] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151026045320/http://www.army.mil/media/240457/ Urugendo rwumusirikare kuva Iraki kugera Scott AFB rwerekana ubutwari, kwiyemeza] * [http://www.stripes.com/news/wounded-servicemembers-get-new-segways-1.91540 Abakozi ba serivise bakomeretse babona Segways nshya] * [http://www.stripes.com/news/fifty-one-more-wounded-warriors-are-given-segways-1.121017 Abandi barwanyi 51 bakomeretse bahabwa Segways] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110412125044/http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/10/06/owner-segway-donates-segways-wounded-warriors-death/ Nyiri Segway Yatanze Segway 1.000 kubarwanyi bakomeretse mbere y'urupfu rwe] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] gy2ecq9jvnj1oqtyj1t59uvm1c6v4nw 0 17714 139143 131598 2026-09-23T02:50:57Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139143 wikitext text/x-wiki '''ReWalk''' ni sisitemu y'ubucuruzi bionic igenda ifasha gukoresha imabaraga z'amaguru mugukoreshwa kugira ngo ifashe abamugaye guhagarara neza, kugenda no kuzamuka ingazi. <ref name="WashPost">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/02/AR2008050203382.html "A Human Exoskeleton"]. ''[[Washington Post]]''. 6 May 2008. Retrieved 24 April 2013.</ref> <ref>[http://www.trendhunter.com/trends/helping-paraplegics-walk-rewalk-exoskeleton "Paraplegic Support Suits"]. ''[[Trendhunter Magazine]]''. 4 April 2008. Retrieved 29 January 2013.</ref> Sisitemu ikoreshwa na bateri y'inyuma, kandi igenzurwa n'igikoresho cyoroshye cyashizwe kure ikamenya kandi ikazamura umukoresha. Igishushanyo cya Yokneam, muri [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]], na Amit Goffer, <ref name="TransformEur">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2012 |title=Bionic exoskeleton could transform the lives of paraplegics |url=http://www.eurekamagazine.co.uk/design-engineering-features/technology/bionic-exoskeleton-could-transform-lives-of-paraplegics/45464/ |access-date=23 January 2015 |website=Eureka Magazine}}</ref> ReWalk igurishwa na ReWalk Robotics Ltd (mu ntangiriro Argo Medical Technologies Ltd), </link> kandi igurwa hafi US $ 85.000 kuri buri gice. <ref name="Technabob">[http://technabob.com/blog/2012/05/03/rewalk-robotic-exoskeletons/ "ReWalk Robotic Exoskeletons Let Paraplegics Walk Again"]. Technabob.com. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.</ref> Icyo gikoresho cyakorewe ibizamini muri MossRehab <ref>{{Cite web |title=ReWalk – MossRehab |url=https://www.mossrehab.com/rewalk |access-date=20 January 2020 |website=mossrehab.com |archive-date=14 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190814183256/https://www.mossrehab.com/rewalk |url-status=dead }}</ref> mu mujyi wa Philadelphia . Muri Nyakanga 2014, ReWalk Robotics yatanze icyifuzo cyo gutangiza Abanyamerika ku mugaragaro gishobora gukusanya miliyoni 58 USD. Isosiyete yanditse ku isoko ry'imigabane rya NASDAQ munsi yikimenyetso "RWLK". <ref name="WSJ">[https://online.wsj.com/articles/rewalk-robotics-files-for-ipo-1405023634/ "ReWalk Robotics Files for IPO"]. ''Wall Street Journal''. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2014.</ref> == Imirongo == Mugihe cyo gusohoka kwambere, ReWalk yaboneka mu buryo bubiri ReWalk I na ReWalk P. ReWalk I ikoreshwa n'ibigo by'ubuvuzi m'ubushakashatsi cyangwa kuvura bigakoreshwa iyobowe n'inzobere m'ubuzima. ReWalk P ni iyo gukoreshwa ku giti cye n’abarwayi murugo cyangwa kumugaragaro. Verisiyo ivuguruye, ReWalk Rehabilitation 2.0, yasohotse muri Mutarama mu mwaka 2013. ReWalk 2.0 yerekanaga ubunini ku bantu barebare hamwe no gutezimbere mu gucunga software. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 January 2013 |title=ARGO launches ReWalk Rehabilitation 2.0 system |url=http://www.news-medical.net/news/20130129/ARGO-launches-ReWalk-Rehabilitation-20-system.aspx |access-date=29 January 2013 |publisher=News-Medical.net}}</ref> == Igikorwa == Sisitemu ya ReWalk ipima hafi {{Convert|23.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}} ; igikapu kirimo mudasobwa ya Windows ikoreshwa na mudasobwa na batiri ipima hafi {{Convert|2.3|kg|lb|abbr=on}}, hamwe na robo y'imigozi ipima hafi {{Convert|21|kg|lb|abbr=on}} . Umukoresha ashobora kuyikoresha mu buryo butatu: kugenda, kwicara, no guhagarara. Ibimenyetso kuri ubu buryo byoherejwe hakoreshejwe igikoresho cyo kurebakuri mudasobwa. <ref name="mashable" /> == Abakoresha == Igeragezwa rya mbere ry’amavuriro ya ReWalk ryabereye i MossRehab <ref>{{Cite web |title=ReWalk – MossRehab |url=https://www.mossrehab.com/rewalk |access-date=2020-09-17 |website=mossrehab.com |archive-date=2020-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918073639/https://www.mossrehab.com/rewalk |url-status=dead }}</ref> iherereye i Philadelphia mu 2009. ReWalk yemerewe gukoresha ibitaro muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] n'Ubuyobozi bushinzwe ibiryo n'ibiyobyabwenge (FDA) mu 2011. Icyemezo cya FDA cyo gukoresha urugo no gukoresha rubanda cyatanzwe muri kamena 2014. <ref name="FDA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170217224246/http://www.fda.gov/newsevents/newsroom/pressannouncements/ucm402970.htm "FDA allows marketing of first wearable, motorized device that helps people with certain spinal cord injuries to walk"]. Technabob.com. 3 May 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.</ref> <ref name="FDA2">[http://www.israelbizreg.com/blog/fda-approves-israeli-rewalk-robotic-exoskeleton-technology "FDA approves Israeli ReWalk robotic exoskeleton technology"]. Israelbizreg.com. 16 July 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2014.</ref> ReWalk kandi ni exoskeleton yambere yakiriye ibyemezo bya FDA kugira ngo ikoreshwe n'umuntu ku giti cye no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abafite ubumuga muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ReWalk Robotics - More Than Walking |url=https://rewalk.com/ |access-date=2023-10-03 |website=ReWalk Robotics, Inc. |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, prototype ya ReWalk yagaragaye muri serivise za Amerika zica kuri televisiyo ''Glee'' ; exoskeleton ikoreshwa n'Umuntu wimpimbano Artie Abrams mu gihe cya Season 2 igice " Noheri nziza cyane ". <ref>[https://www.engadget.com/2010/12/07/screen-grabs-rewalk-helps-glees-artie-abrams-put-his-best-foot/ "Screen grabs: ReWalk helps Glee's Artie Abrams put his best foot forward"]. [[Engadget]]. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2013.</ref> <ref>[http://www.newsweek.com/blogs/the-human-condition/2010/12/08/last-night-on-glee-can-the-rewalk-cure-paralysis.html "Last Night on 'Glee': Can the ReWalk Cure Paralysis?"]. ''[[Newsweek]]''. 8 December 2010. Retrieved 29 January 2013.</ref> Ku ya 8 Gicurasi mu mwaka 2012, Umugore w’umwongereza ufite ubumuga Claire Lomas yabaye Umuntu wa mbere warangije marato akoresheje ikositimu ifasha bionic. Lomas, ufite ubumuga kuva mu rukenyerero yagize mu mpanuka yo gutwara mu mwaka 2007, yarangije isiganwa rya Marato y'i London mu minsi 17 akoresheje sisitemu ye ya ReWalk. <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2012/may/08/paralysed-claire-lomas-london-marathon?newsfeed=true "Paralyzed Claire Lomas finishes London Marathon 16 days after it began"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. 8 May 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2012.</ref> Nyuma mu mwaka wa 2012, Lomas abaye umuntu wa mbere wajyanye ikositimu ya ReWalk mu rugo kugira ngo amufashe mu mirimo ya buri munsi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2012 |title='Bionic woman' Claire Lomas is first woman to take robotic suit home |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/bionic-woman-claire-lomas-is-first-woman-to-take-robotic-suit-home-8104838.html |access-date=5 September 2012 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> kandi yitabira umuhango wo gutangiza cyangwa gufungura k'umugaragaro imikino ya 2012 Summer Paralympics muri ReWalk ye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 August 2012 |title=Claire Lomas lights Paralympic Flame in London |url=http://www.itv.com/news/central/2012-08-24/claire-lomas-lights-paralympic-flame-in-london/ |access-date=9 November 2012 |publisher=ITV}}</ref> Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, uruganda rukora amarobo rw’Abayapani Yaskawa Electric Co rwakwirakwije ReWalk muri [[Aziya]], ni ukuvuga [[Ubushinwa]], mu masezerano yasinywe mu mwaka 2014 na ReWalk Robotics. Ariko, m'Ubuyapani kuruhande rwabo ReWalk ihura n'inzira ndende yemewe k'ubucuruzi bw'abayapani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2015 |title=Israeli tech geared at helping paralyzed walk faces barrier in Japan |url=http://www.haaretz.com/business/1.656097 |access-date=14 May 2015 |website=Haaretz |archive-date=14 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514141117/http://www.haaretz.com/business/1.656097 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 May 2015 |title=Exoskeleton that helps paralyzed walk faces barrier in Japan |url=http://www.japantoday.com/category/health/view/exoskeleton-that-helps-paralyzed-walk-faces-barrier-in-japan |access-date=14 May 2015 |publisher=Japan Today}}</ref> Ibi biterwa n'amategeko akomeye agenga [[Ubuyapani]] akaba yaratangiye gukurikizwa mu myaka icumi ishize. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 November 2014 |title=Deregulation at heart of Japan's new robotics revolution |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-japan-robots-idUSKCN0J32DS20141119}}</ref> == Ibivugwaho == Uburemere nu bwinshi bwa ReWalk exoskeleton ifatwa nk'ibintu byinshi kubakoresha bamwe n'uwabikoze, Amit Goffer. <ref name="TransformEur"/> Byongeye kandi, hamwe n’igiciro kiri hagati y’amadolari ya Amerika 69.500 ,kugeza kuri $ 85.000, <ref name="Technabob"/> sisitemu ntishobora kugera ku barwayi benshi bakennye, cyane cyane ko, guhera muri Nyakanga 2014, ubwishingizi bw’ubuzima muri Amerika butaragera kuri ReWalk. Umuyobozi mukuru wa ReWalk, Larry Jasinki, yatangaje ko mu 2014 yavuze ko iyi sosiyete "ikorana n’abishingizi n’abandi bashinzwe kwita ku buzima kugira ngo abantu bemerwe gukoresha ReWalk bashobore gukorana sisitemu". == Reba kandi ==   * Ibintu byavumbuwe na Isiraheli * [[Ekso Bionics]] * HAL (robot) * Vanderbilt exoskeleton == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://www.engadget.com/2008/07/22/video-rewalk-exoskeleton-helps-paraplegics-walk/ Video: ReWalk exoskeleton helps paraplegics walk] via Engadget * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110506045618/http://medgadget.com/archives/2008/03/rewalk_exoskeleton.html ReWalk Exoskeleton on Medgadget] * [http://www.geekologie.com/2008/08/robotic_legs_allows_paraplegic.php ReWalk article on Geekologie] {{Israel NASDAQ|state=collapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Companies listed on the Nasdaq]] [[Ikiciro:Israeli inventions]] [[Ikiciro:Robotic exoskeletons]] nvybyr13cogj3hjsdruntngy99c0cd6 0 17753 139158 133820 2026-09-23T03:12:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139158 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Some_window_blinds.JPG|thumb| Idirishya agiye atandukanye y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona]] '''Idirishya ry'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona''' ni ubwoko bw'idirishya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Definition of window blind |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/window+blind |access-date=11 December 2021 |publisher=The Free Dictionary By Farlex}}</ref> Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bw'amadirishya ahuma akoresha sisitemu zitandukanye zo kugenzura. Ubusanzwe idirishya rihumye rigizwe n'ibice byinshi birebire bitambitse cyangwa bihagaritse by'ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibintu bikomeye, harimo ibiti, plastiki cyangwa ibyuma bifatanyirizwa hamwe n imigozi inyura mu bice bihumye bifasha abafite ubumuga. Abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bahagaze bagenda bakurikirana sisitemu ishobora gukingura no gufunga no kwimuka kuruhande. Abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kudirishya bashobora gukoreshwa hamwe n'igitabo cya none cyangwa kigenzurwa muguhinduranya uhereye kumwanya ufunguye, hamwe nibisate byashyizwe hanze, kumwanya ufunze aho ibice bifatanye kandi bigahagarika urumuri rwinshi. Hariho kandi ubwoko bwinshi bw'amadirishya atwikiriye, bita igicucu, gikoresha igice kimwe cy'ibintu byoroshye aho gukoresha ibice. Ijambo idirishya rihumye rishobora no gukoreshwa mugusobanura idirishya ryagutse. Muri iyi miterere idirishya rihumye harimo hafi y'ubwoko bwose bw'idirishya, niba ari ibintu bikomeye cyangwa byoroshye; ni ukuvuga shitingi, igicucu cya roller, igicucu cya selile (nanone bita igicucu cy'ubuki), abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, igicucu cyAbaroma, impagarike isanzwe, hamwe n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona batambitse (nanone bita Venetiya). Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], rimwe na rimwe babita abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona cyangwa ababona igicucu. == Incamake == [[Dosiye:Window_blind_stopper.jpg|thumb| Idirishya rihuma amaso. Idirishya rishaje kugirango wirinde gufungura idirishya rihumye. Kuva munzu Ndangamurage ya Sarona muri Isiraheli.]] Amadirishya ahumye agurishwa nk'ibiteguye cyangwa bikozwe kugirango bipime. Nkuko amazina abigaragaza, amadirishya ahumye yateguwe yakozwe kugira ngo bashyirireho ubunini bushingiye ku bipimo bisanzwe by'idirishya, mu gihe amadirishya ahumye yakozwe mubipimisho yaciwe mubugari bwihariye hanyuma bakamanuka kugira ngo bihuze idirishya. Ibyiza by'amadirishya ahumye yiteguye nukuboneka kwabo n'igiciro, mu gihe idirishya rihumye ryakozwe mu gupima rizaba rihenze ariko rihuye neza nubunini bw'idirishya. Usibye kuza mubipimo bitandukanye, idirishya rihumye naryo rishobora kuza mu buryo butandukanye, ibikoresho, amabara nuburyo. Hasi n'urutonde rw'uburyo butandukanye buzwi bw'amadirishya ahumye: * Panel * Pleated * Roller * Roman * Venetian * Vertical * Wooden Idirishya rihumye rirashobora gushushanywa n'intoki ukoresheje umugozi, cyangwa zikoresha moteri. Igenzura ryidirishya rihumye rifite moteri zishobora kuva k'umurongo w'urukuta cyangwa kugenzura kure, cyangwa mudasobwa, kuvanaho gukenera imigozi no kwemerera kugenzura ubundi idirishya ridashoboka. Amazu menshi agezweho arimo guhuza amadirishya ahumye hamwe na C-Bus ibisubizo hagati. Igenzurwa ritanga ubworoherane bwo gukoresha kandi rifite akamaro mukugenzura imikorere idahwitse kugira ngo igabanye ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'itumba cyangwa kugabanya ubushyuhe buturuka ku zuba mugihe cyizuba. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2017)">citation ikenewe</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ubwoko == === Ikibaho === Ikibaho cy'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, rimwe na rimwe n'ibyakoreshwaga n'Abayapani kuko zishingiye ku kiyapani shōji, ni ikibaho gihumye cyoroshye mu buryo bw'ikibaho bigenda bikurikirana. Imyenda cyangwa impapuro hafi ya zose zirashobora gukoreshwa, nubwo 90% by'ikibaho cya shoji byose bikoresha polyester yera kugira ngo bigane ' washi ' impapuro zabayapani. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2020)">ibisobanuro bikenewe</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> [[Dosiye:Japanese_Shoji_Blinds.jpg|thumb| Abayapani Shoji y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona muri Nottingham UK.]] === Igicucu cya selile === [[Dosiye:Honeycomb_or_cellular_window_shades.jpg|thumb| Igicucu cya selile, nanone bita igicucu cy'ubuki, kimanitse mumadirishya.]] Igicucu cya selile cyangwa selile ihumye, rimwe na rimwe byitwa igicucu cy'ubuki, ni ubwoko bw'idirishya rihumye rikozwe mu mwenda muremure kandi uhoraho ufite imiterere ya selile iyo ufunguye ukizunguruka ubwazo iyo ufunze. Imyenda ikorwa mu bipapuro byoroshye cyangwa imyenda isa nigitambara kandi iraboneka mu buryo butandukanye burimo selile imwe, selile ebyiri cyangwa selile eshatu. Selile ihumye ikora mu gutega umwuka imbere y'imiterere ya selile imaze gufungura no gukora inzitizi hagati y'idirishya n'icyumba. Bitewe no kutaboneka kw'ibizamini bisanzwe, nta sisitemu yo gutondekanya ibaho kugira ngo igereranye imikorere ya amadirishya ahumye. Ishami rishinzwe ingufu m'Ubwongereza rivuga ko amadirishya n'inzugi bigera hafi kuri kimwe cya gatatu cy'urugo rwatakaje ubushyuhe bwose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Update or replace windows |url=https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/update-or-replace-windows |access-date=9 December 2021 |website=energy.gov |archive-date=9 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209125427/https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/update-or-replace-windows |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibi bireba gutakaza ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'imbeho kimwe no kwinjiza ubushyuhe butifuzwa mu gihe cy'izuba. Iyo umwuka uri mucyumba uhuye n'amadirishya, irakonja cyangwa igashyuha. Mu cyumba, uyu mwuka noneho uzenguruka icyumba. Imiterere ya selile mu rihumye ifata umwuka wafashwe kandi ikora inzitizi hagati y'idirishya ry'icyumba, bityo bikagabanya ihererekanyabubasha. Igicucu, ariko, gitanga gusa kugenzura gato kwinjira kw'ikirere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Energy Efficient Window Coverings |url=https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-coverings |access-date=9 December 2021 |archive-date=16 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211216052128/https://www.energy.gov/energysaver/energy-efficient-window-coverings |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mubisanzwe abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona bose, igicucu cya selile kirashobora kugabanya izuba mu gihe cy'izuba kandi bigatanga icyumba cyijimye cyangwa umwijima wo gusinzira. Kimwe n'ubundi buryo bwo kuvura idirishya, burazamurwa kandi bukamanurwa hamwe n'umugozi. Igicucu kitagira ingirabuzimafatizo kirahari kugira ngo kigabanye ibyago byo kuniga abana bato. <ref>[https://www.cpsc.gov/PageFiles/129594/5009a.pdf Safety Alert: Are Your Window Coverings Safe?], U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (retrieved 15 April 2015)</ref> Umuntu ashobora kandi kugira uburyo bwo kumanura hejuru yigitutu hasi, cyangwa munsi yigitutu hejuru; mubisanzwe byitwa Hejuru-Hasi-Hasi-Hejuru. === Roman === Roman shades ni ubwoko bw'idirishya rihumye rikoreshwa mu guhagarika izuba. Nubwo bakunze kwita idirishya rihumye, mu byukuri byitwa "idirishya ry'igicucu" mumadirishya atwikiriye inganda. Bakunze kwitwa (Roman shades) cyangwa amadirishya abafasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. Iyo Abanyaroma bakinguye, barundanye; iyo utwikiriye idirishya ryuzuye, biroroshye bitarenze. Amadirishya ahumye y'Abaroma ashobora kugurwa hamwe n'umukara wijimye inyuma kugira ngo uzimye izuba. Nyamara, hazajya habaho icyuho gito cy'umucyo kumpande z'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona niba gishyizwe imbere mumadirishya cyangwa ukareba inyuma y'amadirishya ahumye niba ishyizwe k'umurongo ukikije idirishya. Bitandukanye nandi ahumye, nk'imyenda imwe ikoreshwa kuri Roller Shades, Vinyl Vertical amadirishya y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, cyangwa idirishya rihumye rya Vinyl Horizontal, Roman Shades ntabwo ari amahitamo meza ku bice bifite ubushuhe bwinshi, nk'ubwiherero cyangwa amadirishya hejuru y'icyari. [[Dosiye:Interior of Independence Hall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania - July 2009 - Sarah Stierch.jpg|thumb| Inzu y'Ubwigenge]] === Roller === Roller blinds ni ubwoko bw'amadirishya buhumye busanzwe bukozwe mumyenda ya polyester yazengurutse plasitike cyangwa icyuma. Uruziga rushobora kugaragara cyangwa gufungirwa imbere y'ikadiri kandi rushobora gushyirwa hejuru yikiruhuko cy'idirishya cyangwa hanze yikiruhuko. Kugenzura idirishya rihumye rya roller mubusanzwe hariho urunigi cyangwa umugozi kuruhande rw'idirishya rihumye. Iyo urunigi rw'uruhande rukwegejwe icyerekezo kimwe uruziga ruzamura, kandi niba rukwegejwe mu buryo bunyuranye ruzamanuka aho. Bamwe mubakora kandi bakora verisiyo ya roller blinds zifite ibice bibiri by'imyenda, rimwe na rimwe byitwa ahumye abiri, kugira ngo bigenzurwe cyane no kuyungurura urumuri binyuze mu madirishya. Mubisanzwe, igipande kimwe kiba gikozwe mumyenda yuzuye ishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo igabanye urumuri, hamwe nigice cya kabiri gisanzwe kirimo umurongo wirabura kugira ngo ushungurwe cyane mu gihe bibaye ngombwa. === Venetian === Venetian ni ubwoko bw'amadirishya ahumye bukozwe mu buryo butambitse busanzwe bumanurwa kandi bugashushanywa hamwe mugukuramo umugozi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Venetian blind Definition & Meaning |url=https://www.dictionary.com/browse/venetian-blind |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=dictionary.com}}</ref> Ibice bisanzwe bikozwe hifashishijwe ibikoresho bikomeye nka aluminium, plasitiki, cyangwa ibiti kandi bigenda hamwe binyuze mumurongo winsinga zinyura mu buryo rihumye. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 no mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, amadirishya ahumye ya Venetian yemewe cyane cyane mu nyubako z'ibiro kugira ngo ziyobore urumuri n'umwuka mu mazu. Inzu nini igezweho muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]] yakiriye amadirishya ahumye ya Venetian ni inyubako ya ( RCA ya Rockefeller Centre) izwi cyane ku nyubako ya Radio City mu mujyi wa New York, yuzuye mu mwaka 1930. Kimwe mu bintu binini byategetswe kumadirishya ahumyue ya Venetian zigeze gushyirwaho ni i Burlington Venetian Blind Co, ya Burlington, muri Vermont, yatangaga amadirishya ahumye ku madirishya y’inyubako ya Leta y'Ubwami mu mujyi wa New York. <ref>"—and in the Empire State Building", an advertisement for Burlington Venetian Blind Co., in ''American Architect and Architecture'', January 1932, p. 93.</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Manufacturing in the Maple-Kilburn Area of Burlington, Vermont |url=https://www.uvm.edu/~hp206/2013/pages/hovanes/index.html |access-date=11 December 2021 |website=uvm.edu}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Icicles_behind_venetian_blinds_with_blue_sky.jpg|thumb| Amadirishya ahumye ya Venetian]] Mu mwaka 1994, igishushanyo cy’amadirishya ahumye yo muri Venetiya yahujwe n’ibirahuri by'idirishya. Ubu bwoko bushya bw'amadirishya ahumye bunesha ibibazo bijyanye no kwangiza no gukora nabi. Mubisanzwe, magnesi zikoreshwa mugukwirakwiza moteri kugira ngo ubungabunge kashe imbere yikirahure. </link><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation ikenewe</span>'' &#x5D;</sup> === Vertical === [[Dosiye:Plissee_VS_3_Cosiflor_Meiwi-Jalousien_2.JPG|thumb| Pleated blind]] Bitandukanye n'amadirishya ahumye atambitse, amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse ntashobora kwegeranya umukungugu kuko ahagaze neza. Kubera ko bashushanya kuruhande aho guterura no kumanura, biroroshye kandi byihuse gukora. Bakora neza kumiryango ya patio no kunyerera idirishya ritembera kuruhande. Mu myaka ya za 70, hari amahitamo make yimyenda ubusanzwe beige cyangwa umweru, yagombaga gushyirwamo imbaraga kugira ngo ikumire, aho nko kumyenda ihuma ariko ikoresha umwenda mwinshi. Amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse yabonetse muri plasitiki iringaniye (PVC), fabric, embossed PVC ishushanyijeho, na S-curved slats. Ihinduka rigezweho ni ukubaha ibiti byo hejuru no hepfo rimwe na rimwe hagati kandi ibi bisobanurwa nk <nowiki>''</nowiki> Abayapani Vertical blinds 'kubera ko akenshi bihuzwa n'Ubuyapani bwa Shoji buhumyi ukoresheje ibiti bimwe. Impumyi zihagaritse kwamamara cyane mu Bwongereza mu myaka ya za 90, kuva icyo gihe ibicuruzwa byagabanutse kuko byatakaje icyamamare hamwe n’abakiri bato. Amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse amanikwa kumuryango w'amazu nubucuruzi bimwe na bimwe usanga umuryango ufunguye. Kwimuka kw'amadirishya ahumye bishobora kwerekana impinduka z'umuyaga, cyangwa umuntu winjira m'umuryango. Mubisanzwe, ariko, amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse akozwe muri plasitiki yuzuye. Mu byumba bikonje by'ubucuruzi bw'ibiribwa, ibi bidindiza ubushyuhe mucyumba gikonje. Mu bihe bishyushye, amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse abuza isazi n’utundi dukoko kwinjira mu nyubako. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu Bwongereza amadirishya ahumye akoreshwa mu guhisha ko ibiro bifite PC muri byo kandi bigakoreshwa mu gukumira ubujura. === Ibindi === Ubundi bwoko bw'iamadirishya ahumye zirimo amadirishya mato (mubisanzwe aluminium, Venetiyani-Style amadirishya ahumye afite uduce duto cyane, mubisanzwe {{Convert|1|in|mm}} ubugari), amadirishya mato (mubisanzwe{{Convert|1/2|in|mm}} ubugari), louvers, jalousies, brise soleil hamwe pleated blinds. . == Ibikoresho == Amadirishya y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona ashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye; bimwe bihenze nibindi bike.amadirishya ahumye ahenze bisanzwe akorwa muri polyester, aluminium, cyangwa PVC. Ibi n'ibikoresho bihendutse byose byoroshye kuboneka nyamara biramba mu gihe kimwe. Idirishya rihumye nu buryo bwo kwerekana idirishya, kugera kubisubizo bisa kubiboneka muguhuza umwenda. Amadirishya ahumye mubisanzwe ni ubugari n'uburebure nk'idirishya ubwaryo cyangwa ryagutse gato kandi rirerire ukurikije niba ryashyizwe imbere (Ikiruhuko) cyangwa hanze (Facefix) idirishya ryerekana (ni ukuvuga ikiruhuko cy'urukuta kirimo idirishya ubwaryo ryaba rishyizwemo). Amadirishya ahumye afite ingaruka zitandukanye z'ubushyuhe, zishobora guhagarika ubushyuhe butifuzwa n'izuba kandi zishobora kugumana ubushyuhe mu gihe cy'ubukonje. Ariko muri ibyo byombi, bigabanya kandi urumuri ku rwego rutandukanye, bitewe n'igishushanyo. Ubwoko bwinshi bw'amadirishya ahumye bugerageza gutandukanya uburinganire n'igicucu. Amadirishya ahumye ashobora gukorwa mubikoresho byinshi kandi bigakorwa muburyo butandukanye. Ibi mubisanzwe bigena izina amadirishya ahumye azwiho. === Fabric === Bumwe mu bwoko bw'amadirishya y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona (ubundi zitwa "igicucu") akozwe mu mwenda ashobora kuzunguruka (ku muyoboro; Roller shades), kuzingirwa (Roman shades) cyangwa gusunikwa mu buryo bwa bordone (Pleated and Cellular shades). Imyenda myinshi ikoreshwa harimo ipamba, polyester, ubwoya, viscose na silk kugira ngo ikore kuburyo buhumye. Igitambara c'ubudodo kirashobora kuba gihari cyangwa kudoda, bizatanga imyenda itandukanye. === Igiti === [[Dosiye:Blinds_in_The_Fountain,_Derry,_Northern_Ireland.jpg|thumb| Ibiti bihumye ku idirishya ryo hanze.]] [[Dosiye:Wooden_window_blind,_BBM_Block,_Christ_University_(01).jpg|thumb| Amadirishya ahumye ku idirishya ryibiti, Bengaluru, Ubuhinde.]] ==== Amadirishya ahumye y'imbaho (Venetian blinds) ==== Ibiti by'amadirishya nk'iby'amadirishya ya Venetian. Umubare w'ibiti bitambitse by'imbaho bifatanyirijwe hamwe nu mugozi ushobora guteranya ibice byose hejuru y'idirishya kugira ngo ugaragaze ibiboneka cyangwa uhagarike gusa ibice mu gihe urumuri runaka rugenda runyuze mu madirishya ahumye nyamara rukagumana urwego runaka rw'ibanga. Amadirishya ahumye akoze mu giti kiza mu mubare wuzuye (ugenwa n'ubwoko bw'ibiti byakoreshejwe, biva ku irangi kugeza ku bwoko bwinshi bw'amoko akomeye) n'ubunini (bigenwa n'ubugari bwa buri kibanza gikunze kuboneka muri bumwe mu bugari butatu - 25&nbsp;mm, 35&nbsp;mm cyangwa 50&nbsp;mm). Amadirishya ahumye y'imbaho za Venetian nayo aboneka nkahumye ahagaritse. Ubusanzwe ibyo bigizwe nibice bigari kandi bigakora mu buryo bumwe na bagenzi babo batambitse (nukuvuga aho gushushanya hejuru kugira ngo bagaragaze idirishya, bashushanya kuruhande rumwe bateranyiriza m'umurongo uhagaze). ==== Pinoleum blinds ==== Amadirishya ahumye ya pinusi agizwe n'uduti duto tw'ibiti dushyizwe kuri horizontal duhujwe nu mugozi uhagaze. Ububoshyi bwavuyemo, nk'igisubizo, gusa buhindagurika kandi bushobora gushushanywa hejuru iyo bumaze gukorwa nk'amadirishya ahumye ya roller cyangwa mu buryo busa n'ahumye ya Venetian. Amadirishya ahumye ya conservateur zikorwa kenshi na Pinoleum. Muri Maleziya, amadirishya ahumye yo hanze rimwe na rimwe yitwa "chik". Ijambo ryakuwe mu Buhinde n’abongereza mu gihe cy'abakoloni. === Faux wood === Amadirishya ahumye y'inkwi za faux n'ubundi buryo bwo guhuma ibiti. Ibiti bya faux bizwi kandi mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe nka Plaswood (Plastike & Wood). Ikozwe mu bikoresho byakozwe n'abantu hamwe n'ibiti bisanzwe, ibiti bya faux bishobora guhitamo ibihenze kuruta ibiti bisanzwe. Amadirishya ahumye amaze kumenyekana cyane kuko ibicuruzwa bimaze gukura, bigenda bihendutse kandi bihindagurika icyarimwe bitanga byinshi mu biti bisanzwe. Amadirishya ahumye y'imbaho zubu zishobora guhangana n'intambara, zifite UV zingana na 500 kandi ziza mumabara, byagorana kubona mubihumye by'ibiti bisanzwe. Kubera ko barwanya kurwara, ahumye amadirishya y'ibiti bikwiranye nibice bifite ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubuhehere bukabije, nk'ubwiherero nigikoni.<gallery class="center"> Dosiye:Faux_Wood_Blinds.jpg|alt=Faux wood blinds in use.|Amadirishya ahumye y'inkwi n'ahumye akoreshwa. Dosiye:Basswood-Vs-Plaswood-Faux-Compared.JPG|alt=Basswood compared to plaswood/faux wood.| Basswood compared to plaswood faux wood. </gallery> === Ibindi bikoresho === [[Dosiye:-113wiki.jpg|thumb| Gukomatanya ibiti by'amadirishya ahumye.]] [[Dosiye:Persiana_asturias.jpg|thumb| Kuzunguruka hanze idirishya rihumye.]] Ihumye ya Venetiya, yombi yitambitse kandi ahagaritse, araboneka mubikoresho byinshi byakozwe n'abantu (bisa n'ibiti cyangwa ibyuma cyangwa plasitiki gusa). Ibi bikwiranye n’ahantu ubushuhe cyangwa guhura n’amazi bishobora gutera ikibazo, nkubwiherero n'igikoni. amadirishya ahumye akunze kuboneka hamwe na micro slate (ntoya nka 16 mm cyangwa munsi). Igisubizo cy'ibice bito ni uko byinshi bigomba gukoreshwa kugira ngo uhishe idirishya burundu. ahumye ya konserwatori (ni ukuvuga igisenge cyashyizweho hakoreshejwe umubare utambitse wa (horizontal) akenshi bikozwe mubikoresho byakozwe n'abantu. == Umutekano == Amadirishya ahumye afunze idirishya agaragaza ingaruka zo kuniga abana, bigatuma muri Amerika hapfa abantu 184 hagati y'umwaka 1996 na 2012. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Window Covering Information Center |url=http://www.cpsc.gov/en/Safety-Education/Safety-Education-Centers/Window-Covering/ |access-date=2016-08-16 |website=U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission}}</ref> Kwibuka idirishya ritwikiriye ibicuruzwa ntabwo byagabanije cyane umubare wimpfu kuva mu mwaka 1980. Ibikoresho bya Retrofit byakoreshejwe kuva mu mwaka 1995 kugira ngo "bigabanye" ibyago byo kuniga; ariko, abana banizwe ku bikoresho bya retrofit kuva mu mwaka 1995. <ref name="parentsforwindowblindsafety">{{Cite web |date=31 March 1994 |title=Minutes of CPSC/Window Cover Manufacturers Meeting |url=http://parentsforwindowblindsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/CPSC-Safety-Tassles-1994.pdf |access-date=2014-09-13 |archive-date=2013-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005135856/http://parentsforwindowblindsafety.org/wp-content/uploads/CPSC-Safety-Tassles-1994.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> CPSC yo muri Amerika irasaba gukoresha idirishya ridafite umugozi cyangwa idirishya ridafite aho abana baba cyangwa basuye. <ref name="cpsc">{{Cite web |date=30 October 2009 |title=CPSC Safety Alert: Are Your Window Coverings Safe? |url=http://www.cpsc.gov/PageFiles/129594/5009a.pdf |access-date=2014-09-13}}</ref> Kubifuniko by'idirishya bikoresha sisitemu ikomeza-izunguruka, nk'amadirishya ahumye ahagaritse, uruzitiro rw'urukuta rushobora gukoreshwa mu guhuza umugozi neza kurukuta kandi bikabuza abana kutabona umugozi wimanitse. Idirishya rihumye ibice bifatanyirizwa hamwe n'insinga zemerera kugoreka ibice, kuzamura cyangwa kumanura, kandi birashobora guteza akaga iyo bidakabije. Nukwiyongeraho kwirinda, guhagarika umugozi bigomba gushyirwaho neza kandi bigahinduka kugira ngo bigabanye kugenda kw'imigozi y'imbere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2014 |title=Blind Cord Safety - RoSPA |url=http://www.rospa.com/rospaweb/docs/advice-services/home-safety/blind-cord-safety.pdf |access-date=14 July 2015 |website=The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents |publisher=British Blind and Shutter Association}}</ref> == Vehicle blinds == [[Dosiye:United_Airlines_Boeing_747-400_at_HKIA.jpg|thumb| Shades kuri Boeing 747-400 .]] Imodoka zimwe zirimo cyangwa zashyizwemo amadirishya y'abatabona z'izuba ku madirishya y'inyuma. Reba kandi ikirahure cy'imodoka. Ay'abatabona zikoreshwa mukurinda ikinyabiziga n'abagenzi izuba ryinshi. Igicucu cy'imodoka nubundi buryo busanzwe bwo kurinda ikinyabiziga. Igicucu cy'inyuma y'imbere cyagenewe gukingurwa no kwicara imbere y'idirishya. Bishobora kuba bikozwe muri plasitiki cyangwa ikarito. Igicucu kijya kumadirishya k'uruhande rw'ikinyabiziga gisanzwe gifatanye ukoresheje ibikombe cyangwa gufatana neza. == Ikarita == <gallery class="center" widths="189" heights="189" caption="Ingero"> Dosiye:Blinds-Aluminium-50mm-Kitchen.JPG|alt=Roller blinds installed in kitchen|Roller blinds mu mugikoni Dosiye:Track_blind.jpg|alt=Close-up of a track blind (also known as vertical drapes)|Close-up of track blind (bizwi kandi nka vertical drape) Dosiye:Vert-blinds-2145-rs.jpg|alt=Track Blind|Track blind Dosiye:Jalousie-1.jpg|alt=Blind with horizontal slats also known as Venetian Blind|Blind holizontal bizwi kandi nk'amadirisha ahumye ya Venetian Dosiye:Miniblinds_detail_of_mechanism.jpg|alt=Detail of turning rod (blind stick) attachment on miniblind|Detail of turning rod (inkoni ihumye) umugereka kuri miniblind Dosiye:Roller_blind_(window_blind).jpg|A roller blind on a door as a perfect fit roller blind Dosiye:Friends_Towers,_Munich,_June_2019.jpg|alt=Facade of a modern residential building with automated blinds|Isura y'inyubaka igezweho yo guturamo amadirishya zikoresha </gallery> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} beoxuff29na9maokp293k3zo6jlgroh 0 17762 139390 117451 2026-09-23T09:11:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139390 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hoveround Corporate Offices.jpg|left|thumb]] '''Hoveround''' ni sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ikora kandi ikwirakwiza ibikorsho by’abamugaye (bizwi kandi moteri by'abamugaye) kandi bigurisha nk'ibifite moteri, lifutu, ibitambambuga hamwe n’ibikoresho bikoresha intebe. Isosiyete yashinzwe muri 1992 n'uwahoze ari umuforomo akaba n'uwahimbye nka Tom Kruse, ifite icyicaro i Sarasota, muri Floride. Ibicuruzwa byayo bikoreshwa na batiri, byakozwe mbere na mbere kugirango bifashe abantu bafite ibibazo byo kugenda mu ngo zabo no gukorosha ibikorwa bijyanye na n'imibereho ya buri munsi (MRADLs). Hoveround igurisha kubaguzi kandi bishingikiriza cyane kuri tereviziyo, amabaruwa n'urubuga bakoresha cyane rwabo kugirango bagurishe. Muri 2012, isosiyete yijihije isabukuru y'imyaka 20 kandi ifite abakozi barenga 500. Mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2015, Ibiro by'Ubugenzuzi Bukuru byasanze Hoveround gusubiza guverinoma miliyoni 27 z'amadolari kugira ngo akoreshe amashanyarazi avuga ko atujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa na Medikare. <ref>{{Cite web |title=In brief: OIG targets Hoveround, CMS to revise fee schedule |url=http://www.hmenews.com/article/brief-oig-targets-hoveround-cms-revise-fee-schedule |access-date=28 June 2018 |website=Hmenews.com |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628234312/http://www.hmenews.com/article/brief-oig-targets-hoveround-cms-revise-fee-schedule |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == [[Dosiye:Thomas Kruse foran sit vægmaleri på Pamukkale-universitetet i Denizli (2010).jpg|thumb|Thomas Kruse washinze Hoveround]] Umuhimbyi Thomas Kruse, hamwe na barumuna be George na Robert, na se wabo Gerald Ewing, bashinze Hoveround Corporation muri Mata 1992. Yubatswe kugirango yongere umuvuduko wabakoresha igare ry'abamugaye, Hoveround yaroheje imikorere, ihumure n'igihe kirekire. == Gukora == Hoveround gakondo ikoranya intebe zikoresha amashanyarazi mu bikorwa by'uruganda rukora mu majyepfo yuburengerazuba bwa Foloride. == Ibicuruzwa == Hoveround igurisha intebe y’ibimuga, ibimoteri bifite moteri, kuzamura umuntu ku giti cye, ibitambambuga hamwe n’ibikoresho bitandukanye by’ibimuga. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201059/http://www.heraldtribune.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060612/BUSINESS/606120442/-1 Kuyobora ahantu hirengeye] Archived </link> == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] fyrf3f705aajrtyo8bwzbim9pkvt9ta 0 17763 139053 113322 2026-09-23T01:53:01Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139053 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Disability symbols.svg|thumb|ibimenyetso byababana nubumuga]] [[Dosiye:Persons Living with Disability in Ghana at the Global Disability Summit co-hosted in Ghana.jpg|thumb|abafite ubumuga]] '''Ishyirahamwe ry'ibigo bya kaminuza z'abafite ubumuga (mu [[icyongereza]]: Association of University Centers on Disabilities -AUCD)''' Ni ishyirahamwe ryabanyamuryango rishyigikira kandi riteza imbere umuyoboro wigihugu wa gahunda zishingiye kuri kaminuza zitandukanye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aucd.org/template/page.cfm?id=850 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124084628/https://www.aucd.org/template/page.cfm?id=850 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/directory/association-university-centers-disabilities-aucd</ref><ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_University_Centers_on_Disabilities</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/alliances/current/association-of-university-centers-on-disability |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124084626/https://www.dol.gov/agencies/odep/alliances/current/association-of-university-centers-on-disability |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://ouhsc.edu/thecenter/About-Us/Association-of-University-Centers-on-Disabilities</ref><ref>https://chd.uoregon.edu/node/480</ref> == Icyerekezo == [[Dosiye:Handicapped boarding at convenient spot on Caltrain.jpg|thumb|umuntu ubana nubumuga]] AUCD iteganya ejo hazaza aho abantu bose, harimo nabafite ubumuga bwiterambere n’abandi bafite ubumuga, barimo, abitabiriye umuryango wabo. Turabona uburyo bunoze bwo kubona inkunga na serivisi byerekana ibyifuzo n'indangagaciro z'imiryango itandukanye kandi biganisha ku kwishyira ukizana, kwigenga, gutanga umusaruro, hamwe n'ubuzima bwiza kandi bushimishije. == Inshingano == Intego ya AUCD ni uguteza imbere politiki n’imikorere biteza imbere ubuzima, uburezi, imibereho myiza n’ubukungu imibereho myiza y’abantu bose bafite ubumuga bw’iterambere n’ubundi bumuga, imiryango yabo, ndetse n’abaturage babo bafasha abanyamuryango bacu mu bushakashatsi, uburezi, ubuzima, na serivisi ibikorwa bigera ku cyerekezo cyacu.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://www.aucd.org/template/page.cfm?id=427 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124084627/https://www.aucd.org/template/page.cfm?id=427 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://nrd.gov/resource/detail/10763663/Association+of+University+Centers+on+Disabilities |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2024-01-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240124084628/https://nrd.gov/resource/detail/10763663/Association+of+University+Centers+on+Disabilities |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.visionforequality.org/resources/association-of-university-centers-on-disabilities-aucd/</ref><ref>https://www.idealist.org/en/nonprofit/a25f382e0a794cfd90a0f210cef85cd3-association-of-university-centers-on-disabilities-aucd-silver-spring</ref><ref>https://ici.umn.edu/welcome/network</ref> == Indangagaciro == * uruhare rw'abafite ubumuga, abagize umuryango, abahugurwa, abakozi, n'abarimu muri gahunda zabo, imiyoborere, n'ubuyobozi;<ref name=":0" /> * imico itandukanye n’indimi mu gihugu cyacu, uturere twayo, n’imiryango; * ubudasa burimo ubwoko, ubwoko, umuco, imyaka, ubumuga, idini, igitsina, indangamuntu, icyerekezo cy'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'imibereho n'ubukungu; * kwishyira ukizana kw'abafite ubumuga; * kwita ku muntu ku giti cye no kwita ku muryango; * ubushobozi bwumuco nindimi muri serivisi zacu no gutera inkunga, ibikorwa byamahugurwa, ubushakashatsi, nimbaraga zo gukwirakwiza; * kumenyekanisha kwuzuzanya no kwizerana kubantu bose murwego rwimiryango yabo * igitekerezo cyubumuga nkigice gisanzwe cyuburambe bwa muntu mumyaka yose, imico, nibiranga. == Abawugize == * Ibigo 67 bya kaminuza byindashyikirwa k'ubumuga bukabije '''(mu [[icyongereza]]:''' '''67 University Centers for Excellence in Developmental Disabilities (UCEDD)''' * 60 Inyigisho z'Ubuyobozi muri gahunda ya Neurodevelopmental Disability '''(mu [[icyongereza]]: 60 Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental Disabilities (LEND) programs )''' * 16 Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ubushakashatsi nubushakashatsi bwiterambere ryabafite ubumuga '''(mu [[icyongereza]]:16 Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research Centers (IDDRC)''' * Gahunda yo Guteza Imbere-Imyitwarire y'abana bato '''(mu [[icyongereza]]:12 Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Training Program (DBP)''' === Abatari abanyamuryango bakira TA === Izi porogaramu zikorera kandi ziri muri leta zose z’[[Amerika]] kandi zose zigizwe na [[Amashuri Makuru|kaminuza]] cyangwa ibigo nderabuzima. Bakora nk'ikiraro hagati ya kaminuza nabaturage, bahuza ibikoresho byombi kugirango bagere ku mpinduka zifatika. AUCD ishyigikira uyu muyoboro wigihugu binyuze mu: Ubuyobozi kubibazo bikomeye byimibereho bigira ingaruka kubantu bose babana nubumuga bwiterambere cyangwa ubundi bumuga cyangwa bakeneye ubuzima bwihariye Ubuvugizi na Kongere n'inzego z'ubuyobozi nyobozi zitera inkunga kandi zikagenga gahunda zikoreshwa n'ababana n'ubumuga Guhuza no gufatanya nandi mashyirahamwe yigihugu kugirango uteze imbere gahunda yigihugu Gutezimbere itumanaho murusobe hamwe nandi matsinda mukusanya, gutunganya, no gukwirakwiza amakuru kubikorwa byurusobe nibikorwa Gutanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki kumurongo mugari == Ibyo bakora == Binyuze mu banyamuryango bayo, AUCD ni umutungo w’inzego z’ibanze, iz'igihugu, iz'igihugu, n’amahanga mpuzamahanga, imiryango, hamwe n’abafata ibyemezo bireba abantu babana n’abafite ubumuga bw’iterambere ndetse n’indi miryango yabo. Abanyamuryango bakora ibikorwa bitandukanye bitandukanye birimo: * Serivise ntangarugero kubana, abakuze, nimiryango * Amahugurwa * Ubushakashatsi bwibanze kandi bukoreshwa * Amahugurwa nubufasha bwa tekinike kumashuri, abaturage, ninzego zose za leta * Kunganira politiki * Isuzuma rya gahunda * Gukwirakwiza imikorere myiza namakuru mashya Gahunda za AUCD kandi zihugura ab'igihe kizaza cy'abayobozi mu bushakashatsi bujyanye n'ubumuga, amahugurwa, gutanga serivisi, no kunganira politiki kugira ngo iki gikorwa cy'ingenzi gikomeze. == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Amerika]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango Udaharanira inyungu]] [[Ikiciro:Umuryango]] [[Ikiciro:Amashuri makuru]] [[Ikiciro:Uburenganzira bwa muntu]] p1zprjhca24muybq9aklcffapd9yblk 0 17769 139241 124812 2026-09-23T07:27:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139241 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:FEMA - 38018 - Wheel chairs ready for patients in Louisiana.jpg|thumb|304x304px]] [[Dosiye:UNAwheel Mini Basic wheelchair power add-on 02.jpg|thumb|Mogo wheelchair]] '''Mogo Wheelchair''' ni uruganda rwo muri Ositaraliya rukora igare y'imikino yashinzwe na Michael Callahan aho yarushanijwe muri basketball y’abamugaye muri Ositaraliya mu mikino Paralympike yo muri 1984 no muri Paralympike yo muri 1992 . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.parliament.nsw.gov.au/prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20001012004 |title=NSW Hansard, 12 October 2000, Sydney 2000 Paralympic Games |access-date=24 January 2024 |archive-date=30 March 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110330222315/https://parliament.nsw.gov.au/Prod/parlment/hansart.nsf/V3Key/LA20001012004 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="aboutus">{{Cite web |date= |title=About Mogo Wheelchairs :: 100% Australian custom made wheelchair |url=http://www.mogowheelchairs.com.au/aboutus.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130410020157/http://mogowheelchairs.com.au/aboutus.php |archive-date=10 April 2013 |access-date=2013-06-08 |publisher=Mogowheelchairs.com.au}}</ref> == Inkomoko == Callahan ntabwo yashoboye kubona ibwisanzure zibereye za basiketibali mu irushanwa ry'abamugaye, aho yatangiye kwiyubaka mu ntangiriro ya za 1980. <ref name="aboutus"/> Muri 2000, Callahan yabwiye Sydney Morning Herald ko isosiyete ye y'ubakaga muri 600 kugeza 700 ku mwaka hafi AUD 2000, kandi iyi kipe ya basketball y’abamugaye hafi ya yose ya Ositaraliya yakoreshaga icyo cyubahiro ifite. <ref name="smh2000" /> Mogo yabanje gushyiramo uruziga rwa gatanu, ubu isanzwe muri basketball y'abamugaye. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=The Wheelchair |url=http://www.wheelchairbasketball.ca/en/content.aspx?id=4990 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618155306/http://www.wheelchairbasketball.ca/en/content.aspx?id=4990 |archive-date=18 June 2013 |access-date=2013-06-08 |publisher=Wheelchairbasketball.ca}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Basketball Wheelchairs |url=http://www.livestrong.com/article/10066-smart-shopping-basketball-wheelchairs/ |access-date=2013-06-08 |publisher=Livestrong.Com |archive-date=2011-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408234720/http://www.livestrong.com/article/10066-smart-shopping-basketball-wheelchairs/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cherubini Enterprises |url=https://www.ceibroda.com/}} Thursday, 11 February 2021 </ref> == Ubuvugizi == [[Dosiye:WheelchairSeatingNTSB.jpg|thumb|Igare ry'umukino]] Abamugaye hamwe n'umuvugizi wa rubanda Matt Glowacki niwe ubunganira muri Amerika. <ref name="aboutus"/> == Reba kandi == * Ubwubatsi bwa Surgical == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://www.paralympic.org/michael-callahan Michael Callahan] at the International Paralympic Committee * [https://www.paralympic.org/matthew-glowacki Matthew Glowacki] at the International Paralympic Committee [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] o46y96dt24v6wliilxw6xwcyfk2x3lb 0 17796 139045 106859 2026-09-23T00:32:23Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139045 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:Dasher_4.4.2_no_toolbar_Xfwm_4_Therapy.png|thumb|right|ifoto igaragaza Dasher.]] '''Dasher''' n'uburyo bwinjiza n'igikoresho kandi kigera kuri mudasobwa gifasha abakoresha guhimba inyandiko badakoresheje igikoresho cyandika muri mudasobwa, winjiza inyandiko kuri hamwe hagaragara amashusho hamwe n'igikoresho cyerekana kuri mudasobwa cyitiranwa n'imbeba, ahagaragara amashusho ikoraho, cyangwa imbeba ikoreshwa n'ikirenge cyangwa umutwe. Ibikoresho nk'ibi bishobora kuba ibikoresho bya prosthetic k'ubantu bafite ubumuga badashobora gukoresha igikoresho cyandika kuri mudasobwa isanzwe, cyangwa aho gukoresha imwe bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=244–246}}</ref> Dasher ni ubuntu kandi ifungura isoko y'ikoranabuhanga, ingingo yabayeho hubahirijwe ibisabwa na GNU (General Public License)GPL, verisiyo ya 2. Dasher iboneka kuri sisitemu y'imikorere hamwe na GTK +, ni ukuvuga Linux, BSDs hamwe na Unix isa na macOS, Microsoft Windows, Pocket PC, iOS na Android . <ref>Inference Group (University of Cambridge): [http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/dasher/MobileDasher.html Mobile Dasher]. </ref> Dasher yahimbwe na David JC MacKay kandi yatejwe imbere na David Ward hamwe n'abandi bagize itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi bwa MacKay rya Cambridge research group. Umushinga Dasher ushyigikiwe cyangwa uterwa inkunga na Fondasiyo ya Gatsby Charitable hamwe na [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|EU]] aegis-project. <ref>{{Cite web |title=aegis-project |url=http://www.aegis-project.eu/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201230164913/http://www.aegis-project.eu/ |archive-date=2020-12-30 |access-date=2013-10-27}}</ref> == Igishushanyo cy'umushinga == Kubintu byose umwanditsi ashaka kwandika, bahitamo ibaruwa yanditswe yerekanwe ku habugenewe kugaragaza amashusho muri mudasobwa bakoresheje icyerekezo, aho sisitemu ikoresha uburyo bwo guhanura ibintu kugira ngo hamenyekane ibishobora guhuzwa n'ibice bikurikira, hanyuma bihuze ibyo byihutirwa byo kubigaragaza cyane kuruta inyuguti zishoboka. Ibi bizigama umukoresha imbaraga n'igihe mu gihe bagiye guhitamo ibaruwa ikurikira kubatanzwe. Inzira yo guhimba inyandiko murubu buryo yagereranijwe nu mukino wa arcade, mu gihe abakoresha bahinduranya inyuguti ziguruka hejuru ya ahabugenewe kugaragaza amashusho hanyuma bagahitamo kugira ngo bahimbe inyandiko. Sisitemu yigira kuburambe inyuguti zikomatanya nizo zizwi cyane, kandi igahindura protocole yayo mu gihe cyo kwerekana ibi.<ref>[https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=dasher.android Dasher for Android] on [[Google Play]]. </ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170605182840/https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dasher/id315473092?mt=8 Dasher for iOS] on iTunes.</ref> == Ibiranga == Porogaramu ya Dasher ikubiyemo amadosiye atandukanye yubaka kandi yigenga: * inyuguti zisobanura indimi zirenga 150 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Index of /Dasher/Download/Alphabets |url=http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/dasher/download/alphabets/}}</ref> * inyuguti y'amabara y'igenamiterere * imyitozo ya dosiye mundimi zose zishyigikiwe  == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website 2c8mlf30hkytjg80eqynte4wiuk5e93 0 17798 139310 117118 2026-09-23T07:44:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139310 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:US Navy 100607-N-5208T-001 Rear Adm. Gerald R. Beaman plays a power chair soccer match with rehabilitating veterans at the Milwaukee VA Medical Center.jpg|thumb|Wheelchair soccer]] [[Dosiye:USMC-120110-M-AR635-006.jpg|thumb|Umukino aho bakina bakoresheje amagare]] [[Dosiye:USMC-120110-M-AR635-005.jpg|thumb|Abakina bakoresheje amagare]] [[Dosiye:Wheelchair from Wheelchair Foundation in Russia,.jpg|thumb|wheelchair]] '''Umupira w'amaguru w'abamugaye''' ni itandukaniro [[Umupira w’amaguru|ry'umupira w'amaguru w'ishyirahamwe]], aho abitabiriye bose ari abakoresha [[Wheelchair|amagare]] kubera ubumuga bw'umubiri. Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe nabwo bushobora kuba ikintu cyingenzi, ariko ntabwo buri gihe aribyo. Intebe y’abaimugaye irashobora kuba moteri, cyangwa intoki. Mugihe amashanyarazi yose hamwe n'intebe y'imuga y'intoki, umukinnyi arigenda aho bishoboka. Niba ibi bidashoboka ku mubiri, umukinnyi yemerewe gukoresha pusheri kugirango azenguruke mu rukino. Ariko, gusunika ni pasiporo mu buryo badashobora kwishora mu mikino. Umupira wa maguru w’abamugaye urasa cyane nu buryo bushoboye bw'imikino y'umukino ukurikije amategeko n'imiterere - itandukaniro nyaryo ni uko umukinnyi ukoresha igare ry’abamugaye kugira ngo azenguruke mu rukino kandi anazunguruka umupira iyo arenganye, kugira ngo akemure undi mukinnyi n, no gutsinda ibitego. Niba umukinnyi ashoboye gutera umupira, noneho baremerewe kubikora. Nanone, niba umunyezamu ashoboye guhagarika umupira n'amaboko yabo, baremerewe kubikora. Imikino ikinirwa mu nzu (mu bisanzwe ku kibuga cya basketball cyahinduwe). Umupira nawo munini cyane kuruta umupira wa maguru umupira wamaguru. Umupira w’ibimuga wavumbuwe muri Victoriya, [[Ositaraliya]], aho utezwa imbere nkubufatanye hagati ya Scope y na Federasiyo yumupira wa maguru Victoriya. Umupira wa maguru w’abamugaye ugabanijwemo uturere tubiri, Amajyepfo n’Amajyaruguru, hamwe n’ibigega ndetse n’ibice bikomeye. Ikipe ya mbere muri buri cyiciro cy'akarere ihurira kuri Final ya Leta. == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://wheelchairfootballvic.wordpress.com/ Intebe y’ibimuga Victoria (Ositaraliya)] * [http://www.fipfa.org FIPFA (Federation Internationale de Powerchair Amashyirahamwe yumupira wamaguru)] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] lwqb7hn5mj4tusmnf56noxr1pzb7fah 0 17803 139411 108873 2026-09-23T09:41:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139411 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:211000 - Wheelchair tennis Branka Pupovac serves - 3b - 2000 Sydney match photo.jpg|thumb|Wheelchair sport]] '''Intebe y'imikino yabamugaye''' ni uburyo bwagenewe kwemerera irushanwa ryiza hagati y’abafite ubumuga butandukanye, no kugabanya ingaruka z’ubumuga bwihariye bw’umuntu ku byavuye mu marushanwa. Imikino y’ibimuga ifitanye isano n’imvune y’umugongo, kandi ikubiyemo ubwoko butandukanye bw’ubumuga burimo paraplegiya, quadriplegiya, dystrofiya yimitsi, syndrome ya polio na spina bifida. Ubumuga bugomba kuba bwujuje ibyangombwa byibura by'imikorere y'umubiri. Intebe y'imuga y'imikino na siporo kubantu bafite ibikomere byumugongo akenshi bishingiye kumyanya y'ibisebe by'umugongo hamwe n'ubumuga bwabo n'ubumuga. == Intego == Intebe y'imikino y'abamugaye imwe itandukanye muri siporo mu buryo bwihariye. <ref name=":21">{{Cite journal|pages=259–269}}</ref> <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":17" /> Mu ruzitiro rw'abamugaye, intego yo gushyira mu byiciro ni ukwemeza ko abaterankunga bashyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku kugenda neza kugira ngo imyitozo yabo, urwego rw’ubuhanga, impano n'uburambe bigena ibizava mu mukino, ntabwo ari ubwoko bwabo bw'ubumuga. Ibi byishingira uburinganire muri siporo. Muri ruhago y’ibimuga, intego yo gushyira mu byiciro ni uguha imiterere siporo hagabanywa ingaruka z’ubumuga butandukanye bw’imikorere ku rukiko kuko bijyanye n’ibyavuye mu mukino. <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=2015 |title=IWRF Classification Manual 3rd Edition rev-2015 |url=http://www.iwrf.com/resources/iwrf_docs/IWRF_Classification_Manual_3rd_Edition_rev-2015_(English).pdf |website=IWRF |publisher=IWRF |access-date=2024-01-24 |archive-date=2020-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200714022205/http://www.iwrf.com/resources/iwrf_docs/IWRF_Classification_Manual_3rd_Edition_rev-2015_%28English%29.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amasomo == Ubusanzwe, amasomo yakoreshejwe kuri WASI yashingiye ku mikino ngororamubiri hamwe nibisabwa mubindi siporo. Hano hari ibyiciro bine byo gukurikiranwa na munani kubirometero. Impinduka zaya masomo zishingiye ku mikorere yu mugongo zikoreshwa muyindi siporo. <ref name=":8">Tweedy, S. M. (2003). The ICF and Classification in Disability Athletics. In R. Madden, S. Bricknell, C. Sykes and L. York (Ed.), ''ICF Australian User Guide, Version 1.0, Disability Series'' (pp. 82-88)Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.</ref> Aya masomo yatangiriye kumunsi wa mbere wa siporo yimuga ya bamugaye, mugihe sisitemu yo gutondekanya yari 1A , 1B , 1C , 2 , 3, 4, 5 na 6. Habayeho guhinduka kuva icyo gihe mubijyanye nu busobanuro bukora nubwo ibisobanuro by'ubuvuzi byaho biherereye aho igikomere cyo mugongo cyagumye bisa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=ISMWSF History |url=http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/about-iwas111/history/ismwsf-history/ |access-date=2016-07-29 |website=Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation |publisher=Int'l Wheelchair & Amputee Sports Federation |archive-date=2017-09-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921002227/http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/about-iwas111/history/ismwsf-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Kubona ibyiciro == Gutondekanya akenshi siporo yihariye. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=CLASSIFICATION GUIDE |url=http://nsw.swimming.org.au/visageimages/Member_information/Development/People_with_disability/Classification_Guide_1-101.pdf |access-date=June 24, 2016 |website=Swimming Australia |publisher=Swimming Australia |archive-date=June 15, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615121101/http://nsw.swimming.org.au/visageimages/Member_information/Development/People_with_disability/Classification_Guide_1-101.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |title=Bench Press Form |url=http://www.interdisabledbowls.org/View/ShowDoc.aspx?WebID=117&ImageID=323 |access-date=July 29, 2016 |website=International Disabled Bowls |publisher=International Disabled Bowls |archive-date=August 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816001927/http://www.interdisabledbowls.org/View/ShowDoc.aspx?WebID=117&ImageID=323 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibyiciro by'ubuvuzi by'imikino y'abamugaye birashobora kuba bigizwe n'ubuvuzi bwoherejwe m'ubyiciro byubuvuzi muri federasiyo ya siporo. Umuganga w'umukinnyi wa siporo arashobora gusabwa gutanga amakuru menshi yubuvuzi harimo gupima ubuvuzi no gutakaza imikorere yose ijyanye nubuzima bwabo. Ibi birimo niba imiterere igenda itera imbere cyangwa ihamye, niba ari ibintu byavutse cyangwa byavutse. Irashobora kubamo gusaba amakuru kubijyanye n'ubuvuzi buteganijwe. Irashobora kandi kubamo gusaba imiti iyo ari yo yose umuntu afata. Inyandiko zishobora gusabwa harimo x imirasire, ibisubizo bya ASAI ibisubizo, cyangwa amanota ya Ashworth yahinduwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Medical Diagnostic Form |url=http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/assets/File/Fencing/Classification/medical%20diagnostic%20form%202016.pdf |access-date=July 30, 2016 |website=IWAS |publisher=IWAS}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 0ue43vpcenvqkbmdqmmf6rt6hulh7rs 0 17839 139338 126818 2026-09-23T07:49:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Wheelchair from Wheelchair Foundation in Russia,.jpg|thumb|Wheelchair ]] [[Dosiye:Dana Mathewson American Wheelchair tennis player Wilson Photoshoot.jpg|thumb|wheelchair foundation]] '''Wheelchair Foundation''' (WF) ni umuryango udaharanira inyungu wa shinzwe muri Kamena 2000 n’umushinga w’imitungo utimukanwa Ken Behring, ukaba ufite icyicaro i Danville, muri Californiya. Fondasiyo ifatanya n’abaterankunga ( abantu ku giti cyabo, amatsinda n’amasosiyete ) gutanga [[Wheelchair|amagare y’abamugaye]] k'ubantu bakeneye ariko badashobora kubigura, cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Kugeza muri Nzeri 2008, umuyoboro wa WF umaze kugeza ibihugu birenga 750.000 by’abamugaye. Fondasiyo ifatanya n'imiryango itandukanye ya serivise, harimo Rotary Clubs, Knight of Columbus na Sister City International. Inama mpuzamahanga y’abajyanama ya WF irimo abatari bake ndetse n’abahoze ari abakuru b’ibihugu n’ibyamamare, barimo abayobozi bafatanije Juan Carlos na Sophia wo muri [[Esipanye|Esipayne]], ndetse na Mikhail Gorbachev na Nelson Mandela. Imiryango yigenga igizwe n'intebe y'abamugaye ni Fondasiyo Yabamugaye yo muri [[Kanada]] na Fondasiyo y'abamugaye UK. WF Australiya nayo yabayeho nk'ikigo cy'igenga kugeza muri 2008 ariko ubu ni umushinga wa Rotary Club ya Gosford West ( NSW ). Behring yagize icyo avuga ku kamaro k'imiryango y'itegamiye kuri Leta mu igabana ry'abamugaye: [[Dosiye:WheelchairSeatingNTSB.jpg|thumb|Igare ry'abamugaye]] Imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta ni ingenzi muri buri gihugu. Ndatekereza ko ubu dukorana n'imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta. Igihe twari muri [[Afuganisitani]], twakoresheje abantu bamwe bo mu muryango w'abafite ubumuga, kandi ingabo z'Amerika nazo zaradufashaga. Buri gihe dutanga intebe nke mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], zikorana n’ishyirahamwe ry’abafite ubumuga. Muri Amerika yo Hagati, urugero, dukorana n’abadamu ba mbere. Abagore ba perezida ubusanzwe bafite umusingi kandi bafite aho bahurira n’ibitaro byita ku buzima busanzwe. Babaye rero cyane, cyane ifasha muri Amerika yo Hagati no mu majyepfo mu rwego rwo kudufasha kubona abahawe intebe zibereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=''Ability Magazine: Interview with Kenneth Behring - by Chet Cooper'' |url=http://www.abilitymagazine.com/interview_KennethBehring.html |access-date=2012-04-06}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.wheelchairfoundation.org/ Urubuga rwibimuga rwa interineti] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 5g6p6g1es0ors4wegu0xrma2fuhze0k 0 17848 139391 124935 2026-09-23T09:11:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139391 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:A Special Olympics (SO) athlete crosses the finish line after completing the last leg of a 400 meter relay race during the Kadena Air Base SO event in Okinawa, Japan, Nov 111105-F-FL863-002.jpg|left|thumb|Ubumuga]] [[Dosiye:Hypercalcemia (Infantile) with Mental Retardation 1.jpg|thumb|handicape mental]] '''handicap mental''' ni '''ubumuga bwo mu mutwe''' ( rimwe na rimwe bwitwa '''''kudindira mu mutwe''''' mu mvugo isanzwe ) ni indwara rusange igaragara mbere yo gukura, irangwa no kubura no kutamenya neza imikorere byibuze ikora. Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bwagiye busobanurwa nk'amanota y'ubwenge (IQ) amanota 70 <ref>{{Cite web |title={{lang|en|The relevance of IQ scores}} |url=http://www.2h.com/articles/iq-tests/the-relevance-of-iq-scores.html |access-date=14 décembre 2010 |website=2h.com |language=en |archive-date=2010-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100612155300/http://www.2h.com/articles/iq-tests/the-relevance-of-iq-scores.html |url-status=dead }}.</ref> . Hafi ya byose bishingiye ku kumenya, ubusobanuro burimo imikorere y'imitekerereze y'umuntu nu bushobozi bw'imikorere ijyanye nibidukikije. Uyu munsi rero, umuntu ntashobora gufatwa nkufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe gusa kubera ko afite igipimo cy'ubwenge kiri munsi ya 70. == Ibisobanuro == [[Dosiye:Handicap mental.png|thumb|Handicap mental]] Ishami ry'umuryango w'abibumbye ryita ku Buzima ( OMS ), mu rwego mpuzamahanga rw’indwara (en) ICD-10), risobanura ko ubumuga ''{{Lang|en|mental retardation}}'' ari yataye muri yombi iterambere ryo mu mutwe cyangwa iterambere ryo mu mutwe rituzuye, ryaranzwe no kudahagije kw'amashami n'urwego rusange rw'ubwenge, cyane mu bijyanye n'imikorere yo kumenya, ururimi, ubumenyi bwa moteri n'imikorere myiza  , . == Imvururu zijyanye n'ubumuga bwo mu mutwe (ID) == [[Dosiye:Hyperuricemia with Mental Retardation 1.jpg|thumb|Umwana ufite ikibazo cya Mental retardation]] Izindi mvururu nyinshi n'ibibazo by'ubuzima birashobora kuba bifitanye isano nindangamuntu; neurodevelopmentali, psycho patologike by'umwihariko <ref name="RapportINSERM2016">Buntix, W., Cans, C., Colleaux, L., Courbois, Y., Debbané, M., Desportes, V., ... & Plaisance, E. (2016). Les déficiences intellectuelles, INSERM (voir P6/1157 pages)</ref> . Inshuro zibi by'iyongera hamwe nuburemere bw'indangamuntu kandi biratandukana ukurikije etiologiya y'indangamuntu: syndromes zimwe zirangwa nibibazo byihariye byubuvuzi, bisaba gukurikirana ubuvuzi buhagije <ref name="RapportINSERM2016" /> . == Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso == Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso byose biri ku rwego rw'imyitwarire. Umubare munini wa bantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ntibagaragaza m'uburyo bw'ubwenge bwabo, cyane iyo gutinda guterwa n ibidukikije nk'imirire mibi cyangwa uburozi bwangiza. Abana bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bashobora kwiga guhagarara, gukurura, kugenda cyangwa kuvuga, no kurusha abandi bana. Abana ndetse n'abantu bakuru bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bashobora kwerekana byinshi mu bintu bikurikira bikurikira <ref name="AFP" />: == reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] == Human rights and legal status == Amategeko afata abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe ('''intellectual disabilities''') mu buryo butandukanye n’abatabufite. Uburenganzira bwa muntu n’ubwisanzure bwabo harimo uburenganzira bwo gutora, gukora ubucuruzi, gusinya amasezerano, gushyingirwa, no kubona uburezi akenshi buragabanyirizwa cyangwa bukagenerwa imipaka. Inkiko zimwe zemeje zimwe muri izo mbogamizi, ariko zanasanze hari izindi ziganisha ku ivangura. Amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ku burenganzira bw’abantu bafite ubumuga (UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities) ashyiraho amategeko fatizo agenga uburenganzira bwabo, kandi amaze kwemezwa n’ibihugu birenga 180. Mu bihugu bimwe byo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika '''<ref>{{Cite news |last=Badger |first=Emily |date=October 29, 2014 |title=This is what it's like to try to get a Voter ID when you're disabled, poor or don't drive |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/10/29/this-is-what-its-like-to-try-to-get-a-voter-id-when-youre-disabled-poor-or-dont-drive/ |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref>''' ndetse no muri bimwe mu bihugu by’Ubumwe bw’u Buray'''i''', abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe babuzwa gutora. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Toplak |first=Jurij |date=2020-09-07 |title=Voting is every EU citizen's right, regardless of disability |url=https://www.euractiv.com/section/eu-elections-2019/opinion/voting-is-every-eu-citizens-right-regardless-of-disability/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=euractiv.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-15 |title=5 reasons why people with intellectual disabilities should get the right to vote |url=http://www.inclusion-europe.eu/why-people-with-intellectual-disabilities-should-get-the-right-to-vote/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=Inclusion Europe |language=en-US}}</ref> Urukiko rw’Uburayi rw’Uburenganzira bwa Muntu (European Court of Human Rights) mu rubanza Alajos Kiss v. Hungary (2010''')''' rwafashe umwanzuro uvuga ko Hongiriya itemerewe kubuza abantu gutora ishingiye gusa ku kuba barashyizwe mu murage w’ubwishingizi (guardianship) kubera ubumuga bwo mu mitekerereze.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Election Access |url=http://electionaccess.org/en/resources/publications/174/ |access-date=2020-11-29 |website=electionaccess.org |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026092952/http://electionaccess.org/en/resources/publications/174/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ejhz41c4vzs91xjhh4jjy7eu64v83hv 0 17876 139042 138996 2026-09-23T00:18:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139042 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Bundoo''' ni urubuga rwababyeyi rutangaza ingingo zerekeye [[:en:Pregnancy|gutwita]], [[:en:Pediatrics|kuvura abana]], no [[:en:Parenting|kurera]] . Itanga kubaza-umuganga serivisi binyuze Kubaza Bundoo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Observer |first=The Charlotte |title=Great websites for baby basics |url=http://www.providencejournal.com/article/20150201/LIFESTYLE/302019926 |website=providencejournal.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=26 Websites Every New or Expectant Parent ShouldRead |url=http://redtri.com/bump-baby/best-websites-for-new-and-expecting-parents/ |website=Red Tricycle |language=en-US |access-date=2024-01-26 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625010912/https://redtri.com/bump-baby/best-websites-for-new-and-expecting-parents/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abareba Bundoo bategereje ababyeyi n'ababyeyi. Urubuga rwa beta rwatangiye kujya mu mpeshyi 2013, rukurikirwa nurubuga rwuzuye muri Mutarama 2014. == Amateka == Bundoo yakozwe na Lewis Warshauer, MD, umuhanga mu bya [[:en:Radiology|radiologiya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=McCall |first=Melissa |date=2016-02-05 |title=A Parenting Site That Bridges The Gap Between Doctors And Parents |url=https://www.newyorkfamily.com/a-parenting-site-that-bridges-the-gap-between-doctors-and-parents/ |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=New York Family |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shar |first=Albert |last2=Ph.D |date=2016-05-10 |title=Bundoo: Helping Expecting and Current Parents |url=https://medcitynews.com/2016/05/bundoo-helping-expecting-current-parents/ |access-date=2020-09-15 |website=MedCity News |language=en-US}}</ref> Isosiyete yari ifite icyicaro i [[:en:Boca_Raton,_Florida|Boca Raton, muri Floride]] . Muri 2015, Bundoo yise Stephanie Winans umuyobozi mukuru. Winans mbere yari COO kandi akomoka mumaradiyo nibitangazamakuru. Ugushyingo 2016, Bundoo yaguzwe na The Wellness Network. == Ibisohokayandikiro == Bundoo itangaza ingingo zumwimerere, ibibazo, na videwo kubyerekeye gutwita nibibazo byababyeyi. Ibintu byose byingenzi bigize isosiyete bisubirwamo cyangwa byanditswe na muganga cyangwa inzobere mu kurera babishoboye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Media |first=Manhattan |date=16 June 2015 |title=Pregnancy Resource: Bundoo - New York Family Magazine |url=http://www.newyorkfamily.com/pregnancy-resource-bundoo/ |website=www.newyorkfamily.com}}</ref> Bundoo irasubiza kandi ibibazo byababyeyi no gutwita binyuze mubice bya Telehealth. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 March 2014 |title=Bundoo Review - Move over Dr. Google! - The Neighborhood Moms |url=http://www.theneighborhoodmoms.com/bundoo-review-move-over-dr-google/ |website=The Neighborhood Moms |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ibihembo n'itangazamakuru == Muri 2015, Bundoo yahawe igihembo cyicyubahiro muri [[:en:Webby_Award|Webby Awards]] mu cyiciro cyababyeyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who should win a Webby for Websites / Family/Parenting? Vote now. |url=https://pv.webbyawards.com/2016/websites/general-website/familyparenting/honorees |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420142904/https://pv.webbyawards.com/2016/websites/general-website/familyparenting/honorees |archive-date=2016-04-20 |access-date=2016-04-05 |website=Webby Awards — People's Voice |language=en-US}}</ref> Bundoo yahawe kandi igihembo cya silver mu bihembo bya W ³ 2014 kubera indashyikirwa mu gushushanya urubuga, yatewe inkunga na Academy ya Interactive and Visual Arts. <ref>{{Cite web |title=10th Annual W³ Awards {{!}} Open For Entries |url=http://www.w3award.com/winners/list/?l=B&pageNum_winners=1&totalRows_winners=49&event=9&category=&award=S&form=2 |website=www.w3award.com}}</ref> Bundoo yagaragaye muri ''Marketing Sherpa'' kugirango ikoreshe neza urubuga rwagatatu kugirango tunoze ibipimo byurubuga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=MECLABS |first=content: MarketingSherpa, design: Scott McDaniel, code: Steve Beger |date=16 July 2015 |title=Content Marketing: Dynamic content recommendations increase time on site 70% |url=http://www.marketingsherpa.com/article/case-study/content-increases-time-on-site |website=www.marketingsherpa.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Taboola Case Study: Bundoo Grows Audience While Lowering Bounce Rates |url=http://blog.taboola.com/taboola-case-study-bundoo-grows-audience-while-lowering-bounce-rates/ |website=Taboola Blog |language=en-US |access-date=2024-01-26 |archive-date=2016-01-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160120192741/http://blog.taboola.com/taboola-case-study-bundoo-grows-audience-while-lowering-bounce-rates/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ingingo zirimo impuguke za Bundoo cyangwa imyirondoro yurubuga zasohowe na the ''[[:en:Huffington_Post|Huffington Post]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2015 |title=Dear Father Who Shook His Baby |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/kristie-rivers-md-faap/dear-father-who-shook-his-baby_b_6348072.html |website=The Huffington Post}}</ref> [[:en:Fox_News|Fox News]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Revelant |first=Julie |date=2014-12-21 |title=9 baby sleep solutions for holiday travel {{!}} Fox News |url=http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/12/21/baby-sleep-solutions-for-holiday-travel.html |website=Fox News |language=en-US |access-date=2024-01-26 |archive-date=2017-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171021005335/http://www.foxnews.com/health/2014/12/21/baby-sleep-solutions-for-holiday-travel.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[:en:The_New_York_Times|the ''New York Times'']],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dell’Antonia |first=Kj |date=11 July 2014 |title=Summer Car Safety: Look Before You Lock, and More |url=http://parenting.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/07/11/summer-car-safety-look-before-you-lock-and-more/?_r=0 |website=Motherlode Blog}}</ref> the ''[[:en:South_Florida_Sun-Sentinel|South-Florida Sun Sentinel]]'',<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sun-Sentinel |first=South Florida |date=18 February 2015 |title=Busy father invents easier way to bottle feed |url=http://www.sun-sentinel.com/local/palm-beach/wellington/fl-wf-beebo-0218-20150218-story.html |website=Sun-Sentinel.com}}</ref> Scholastic ''Parent & Child'',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sanity-Saving Tips for Traveling With Preschoolers |url=http://www.scholastic.com/parents/resources/article/parent-child/sanity-saving-tips-traveling-preschoolers |website=Scholastic.com}}</ref> and local television and radio stations in Canada and the United States.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Stream Scott with Dr. Sara Connolly 10/27 Free {{!}} 1370 WSPD |url=http://wspd.iheart.com/media/play/25484781/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160207172601/http://wspd.iheart.com/media/play/25484781/ |archive-date=2016-02-07 |access-date=2016-01-26 |website=1370 WSPD |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Fighting childhood obesity |url=http://m.wfmz.com/fighting-childhood-obesity/27874160 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013022910/http://m.wfmz.com/fighting-childhood-obesity/27874160# |archive-date=2016-10-13 |access-date=2016-01-26 |website=m.wfmz.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=19 August 2014 |title=Focus on Family: Dr. Jessica Shepherd |url=http://wgntv.com/2014/08/19/focus-on-family-dr-jessica-shepherd/ |website=WGN-TV |access-date=26 January 2024 |archive-date=13 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161013022757/http://wgntv.com/2014/08/19/focus-on-family-dr-jessica-shepherd/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] oj7jjfywx3o4nfnuhssm06rruxipp6h 0 17885 139193 135199 2026-09-23T04:05:02Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Visibly-logo-navy-svg.svg|thumb|334x334px|visibly logo]] '''Ikigaragara''' ni uko cyahoze cyitwa '''Opternative''', ni isosiyete ikorera [[:en:Telehealth|muri telehealth]] ikorera mu mujyi wa Chicago itanga ibizamini byo ku murongo kandi ikabyara indorerwamo z'amaso hamwe n'ibisobanuro byandikirwa. == Ibisobanuro == Biboneka ko itanga umurongo wibizamini byerekanwe kandi ikabyara indorerwamo z'amaso hamwe na lens lens ya progaramu kubasura urubuga, gutanga ibisubizo ukoresheje imeri mugihe cyumunsi umwe urangije ikizamini. Ibisubizo by'ikizamini bisubirwamo na optometriste, bifatwa nk'ibicuruzwa byemewe, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa mugutumiza ibirahuri cyangwa imibonano kuri interineti cyangwa imbonankubone ku mucuruzi w'amaso. Isosiyete ubwayo ntabwo igurisha imfashanyigisho iyo ari yo yose, kandi ikura amafaranga yinjira mu mafaranga yishyuza ibizamini. <ref name="AAV">{{Cite web |last=Amy Hellem |date=September 2016 |title=Why an online eye test can't replace your eye doctor |url=https://www.allaboutvision.com/eye-exam/online-eye-test.htm |access-date=24 April 2019 |website=AllAboutVision.com}}</ref> == Amateka == Isosiyete yashinzwe nka Opternative mu 2012 n’ikizamini cyayo cyo kuri interineti yatangijwe mu 2015. <ref name=":0">https://www.fiercebiotech.com/medtech/visibly-now-seeing-eye-eye-fda-brings-online-vision-test-back-market</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2018, isosiyete yakusanyije miliyoni 9 z'amadolari <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pletz |first=John |date=2018-11-07 |title=Vision-tech startup gets $9 million from Koch, Pritzker |url=https://www.chicagobusiness.com/john-pletz-technology/vision-tech-startup-gets-9-million-koch-pritzker |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=Crain's Chicago Business |language=en-US}}</ref> ihindura izina iva Opternative ihinduka Biboneka mu kwezi gukurikira. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Katherine |date=11 December 2018 |title=Chicago Eye Care Startup Opternative Changes Name to Visibly |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/chicago/inno/stories/news/2018/12/11/chicago-eye-care-startup-opternative-changes-name.html |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=www.bizjournals.com}}</ref> Kugeza muri 2019, leta 39 zo muri Amerika zemerera optometriste gutanga imiti kuri enterineti. Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe ariko byagerageje kubuza isosiyete gukora ubucuruzi<ref name=":1">https://www.timesunion.com/news/article/Telehealth-company-sues-Indiana-for-ban-on-online-13783679.php</ref>. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 2016, leta ya Indiana yemeje itegeko ribuza gukoresha ibizamini by’amaso ku murongo kugira ngo hatangwe imiti y’amaso kugira ngo hakorwe "igikoresho cy’amaso"<ref name=":1" />. Ikigaragara ni uko yatanze ikirego kuri Leta muri Mata 2019, avuga ko kwinjiza ibikoresho by'amaso mu itegeko rya telehealth - ryarimo ibiyobyabwenge byo gukuramo inda na opioide - byatewe n'igitutu cy’abaganga ba optometriste n'inganda z'amaso aho kwita ku buzima rusange, kandi yakoreshwaga mu karengane, ashyira ahagaragara akanama gashinzwe gutanga impushya zo kwa muganga muri Indiana, umushinjacyaha mukuru wa [[:en:Medical_Licensing_Board_of_Indiana|Indiana]], [[:en:Curtis_Hill|Curtis Hill]] hamwe n’umuyobozi wa Leta mu ishami rishinzwe kurengera umuguzi, Betsy Dinardi, nk’abaregwa.<ref name=":1" /> Muri Gicurasi 2019, nyuma y’igitutu kinini cy’ishyirahamwe [[:en:American_Optometric_Association|ry’abanyamerika Optometric]] (AOA), ikizamini cyo kureba ku murongo cyari cyaributswe n’uru ruganda, nkuko byatangajwe n’ishyirahamwe [[:en:Food_and_Drug_Administration|ry’ibiribwa n’ibiyobyabwenge]] muri Amerika (FDA). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Class 2 Device Recall refractive vision test |url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfres/res.cfm?id=174633 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Accessdata.fda.gov}}</ref> Muri Mata 2020, mu rwego rwo guhangana n’icyorezo cya Coronavirus, FDA yatanze amabwiriza <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2020 |title=Enforcement Policy for Remote Ophthalmic Assessment and Monitoring Devices During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) : Public Health Emergency Guidance for Industry and Food and Drug Administration Staff |url=https://www.fda.gov/media/136733/download |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Fda.gov |archive-date=10 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200410024238/https://www.fda.gov/media/136733/download |url-status=dead}}</ref> yo kwagura ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma indwara z’amaso ya kure, no korohereza ubuvuzi bw’abarwayi mu gihe cy’icyorezo. Ikigaragara ni uko kizatanga ku isi hose kizatanga optometriste, abaganga b’amaso, n’abatanga serivisi za optique kubona ubuntu ku buhanga bwa tekinoroji yo gupima iyerekwa, kugira ngo bafashe abarwayi guhaza ubuzima bwabo bw’amaso mu gihe [[:en:COVID-19_pandemic|cy’icyorezo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-06-18 |title=Can You Get a Vision Test Online? |url=https://www.ezcontacts.com/blog/2020/06/18/vision-test-online/ |access-date=2020-06-18 |website=Ezcontacts.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2022, Biboneka ko yakiriye [[:en:Food_and_Drug_Administration|FDA]] 510 (k) kugirango ikoreshwe ikizamini gishingiye kuri terefone igendanwa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-08-16 |title=Visibly receives FDA clearance for online visual acuity test |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/visibly-receives-fda-clearance-online-visual-acuity-test |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=MobiHealthNews |language=en}}</ref> byaba byiza itanze imiti ivugurura abantu bari hagati ya 22 na 40. <ref name=":02">http://www.visionmonday.com/eyecare/article/visibly-becomes-first-fdacleared-online-vision-test-in-the-us/</ref> Biboneka ko yabaye ikizamini cya mbere cyerekanwe kuri FDA muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |title=Visibly Becomes First FDA-Cleared Online Vision Test in the U.S. |url=http://www.visionmonday.com/eyecare/article/visibly-becomes-first-fdacleared-online-vision-test-in-the-us/ |access-date=2023-07-19 |website=www.visionmonday.com |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] rq2azpb9ygzmkgseuux3e1gwa8xprfw 0 17909 139047 134883 2026-09-23T00:39:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139047 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Domo''' ni [[:en:Robot|robot]] yubushakashatsi yakozwe na [[:en:Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology|Massachusetts Institute of Technology]] yagenewe gukorana [[:en:Human|nabantu]] . Ubwonko bwa [[Jeff Weber]] na [[Aaron Edsinger]], abanditsi ba [[:en:Meka_Robotics|Meka Robotics]], izina ryayo rikomoka ku mvugo [[Ikiyapani|y’ikiyapani]] ngo "urakoze cyane", ''domo arigato'', ndetse n'indirimbo ya [[:en:Styx_(band)|Styx]], " [[:en:Mr._Roboto|Bwana Roboto]] ". Umushinga Domo watewe inkunga na [[:en:NASA|NASA]], ubu wifatanije na [[Toyota]] mu gutera inkunga robot. <ref name="fox">{{Cite web |url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,266384,00.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-01-28 |archive-date=2011-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111224035919/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,266384,00.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Danbo_and_Domo_meet_a_new_friend_in_Silicon_Valley_(10722049866).jpg|thumb|Domo ]] == Intego == Domo yaremewe kugirango igerageze imiyoboro myinshi ya robo namabwiriza bigoye cyane. [[Dosiye:Domo_kun.svg|thumb|Domo ]] == Inkomoko == Inzu yumushinga wa Domo iri hamwe nitsinda ryimashini za Robo ya Humanoid muri MIT Artific Intelligence Labs. <ref name="domopage">{{Cite web |title=Edsinger Domo |url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/domo.htm}}</ref> Kubaho kwayo byatewe n'imishinga ya robo yaje mbere yayo. [[Dosiye:Domo+.svg|thumb|Domo+]] Umushinga wa Robo ya Cardea wari umushinga wubushakashatsi uyobowe na Porofeseri [[:en:Rodney_Brooks|Rodney Brooks]] mu itsinda ry’imashini za Humanoid muri MIT. <ref name="cardea">{{Cite web |title=Edsinger Cardea |url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/cardea.htm}}</ref> Itsinda rya laboratoire ryakoze gukora umugozi-utwara amashanyarazi utagira shitingi ya Elastic Actuator ukuboko kwashyizwe kumurongo wa Segway. Jeff Weber na Aaron Edsinger-Gonzales bagize uruhare muri ubu bushakashatsi, bashinzwe cyane cyane gushushanya no gushyira mu bikorwa ukuboko kwa robo. Ubu bufatanye bwatumye Edsinger-Gonzales na Weber bakora ubushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe babukoresha kuri robot nshya, Domo. Edsinger na Weber bakoranye no ku zindi robo nyinshi, kandi uburambe bwabo bwo gukorana nurupapuro rwa [[:en:Kismet_(robot)|Kismet]] <ref name="kismet">{{Cite web |title=Edsinger Kismet |url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/kismet.htm}}</ref> hamwe na [[:en:Cog_(project)|Cog]] <ref name="cog">{{Cite web |title=Edsinger Cog |url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/cog.htm}}</ref> byagize ingaruka ku gishushanyo cya Domo. Kismet yari umutwe wa robo wakozwe na [[:en:Cynthia_Breazeal|Cynthia Breazeal]] kugirango ugerageze imvugo mbonezamubano. Uruhare rwa Edsinger muri uyu mushinga kwari ugufasha guteza imbere icyiciro cya mbere cya Kismet cyo kumenya amaso, cyemerera Kismet guhuza amaso mu gihe cyo gukorana. Umushinga wa Cog wari ugamije gucukumbura uburyo ubwenge bukorwa binyuze mubusabane. Imashini ya Cog yagenewe kwigana ingingo z'umubiri z'umubiri hamwe n'ingingo z'umubiri ndetse no kwakira ibitera imbaraga biva muri ibyo kugirango ishobore gukoresha ingingo zayo muburyo busa n'abantu. Umusanzu wa Edsinger mu mushinga wa Cog wari urukurikirane rwa Elastic Actuator hamwe nubugenzuzi bwumubiri wa robo. Nubwo icyerekezo cyubushakashatsi bwizi robo gitandukanye cyane nu mushinga wa Domo, igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana amaso hamwe na Series Elastic Actuator ukuboko byinjijwe mubishushanyo bya Domo. <ref name="edsingerhomepage">{{Cite web |title=Aaron Edsinger-Gonzales |url=http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger}}</ref> == Igishushanyo == Domo yaremewe murwego rwo gukora ubushakashatsi kuri manipulation no gukorana nogukangura no kwiga imashini yubuhanga bwa sensorimotor. Kugirango ibyo bigerweho, igishushanyo cyasabwaga gutekereza cyane kuburyo robot yashobora guhura nibitekerezo bitamenyerewe. Ubushakashatsi bwasabye kandi Domo kugira ngo abashe kumenya no gukora ku bidukikije. Guhaza izo mpungenge bivuze ko Domo yari akeneye kuba ashoboye gukora adafite icyitegererezo cyuzuye cyisi, ahubwo, yari ifite ubushobozi bwo kwiyubakira icyitegererezo. <ref name="edsinger">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Journal_of_Humanoid_Robotics</ref> == Ibice bya mashini == === Umutwe === Umutwe wa robo ya Domo ugizwe na [[:en:Degrees_of_freedom_(mechanics)|dogere zirindwi zubwisanzure]] kumutwe wo hejuru ufatanye nijosi hamwe na dogere ebyiri zubwisanzure. Hano hari amaso abiri, buri kimwe gifite kamera imwe yagutse. Kamera zirashobora gufata amashusho kuri 640 × 480 kuri 30 [[:en:Frames_per_second|frame kumasegonda]] (ikadiri / s) cyangwa 1024 × 768 kuri 15 frame / s. Kamera zombi zihengamye ku ntera imwe y’ubwisanzure, ariko zifite urwego rwubwisanzure bwo kwemerera panne yigenga. Igice cyijisho kirimo gukoreshwa kugirango ugaragaze imvugo. <ref name="edsinger" /> Imitwe ya robo zabanjirije iyi, nka Cog, zabangamiwe n'umugozi w'insinga z'amashanyarazi zagendaga kuri kamera y'amaso na moteri. Igishushanyo cya Domo gikoresha insinga zose zinyuze mu ijosi kugirango zive mu nzira. Ibi bituma Domo atandukana cyane nubwisanzure mumutwe. Kugenda mumutwe byoroherezwa na [[:en:DC_motor|moteri yohanaguwe neza]] . Imyanya yumwanya wa [[:en:Potentiometer|potentiometero]] muri moteri itanga ibitekerezo kubyerekeranye numutwe uhagaze neza mugitangira, Domo rero ntisaba gahunda ya kalibrasi mbere yo gukora. Intego nyamukuru yibanze kumutwe kwari ukugira ngo Domo abashe kwigana ijisho ryabantu. Amaso yumuntu atandukana cyane cyane kandi aturika kugeza kugenda buhoro kandi neza kugirango akurikire ibintu bitera imbaraga, bityo rero byari bikenewe ko harebwa ubwitonzi kugirango dushushanye umutwe wa Domo. <ref name="edsinger" /> Aya maso ahujwe na sisitemu yo kumenya ni ihuriro ryimashini ya Linux. Porogaramu ya software ya [[:en:YARP|YARP]] (Yongeyeho Ubundi buryo bwa Robo) ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo kumenya gukora gutunganya amashusho. <ref name="edsinger" /> == Intwaro == Aho gushushanya amaboko ya Domo kugira ngo asobanuke neza, Edsinger na Weber bateguye amaboko kugira ngo bakore cyane nk'ay'umuntu. Intwaro zabantu zifite ubuhanga bwo kumva no kugenzura imbaraga kuri buri rugingo, zireka neza neza kugirango zubahirizwe. Guhindura ibi kuri robot ya humanoid byasabye igishushanyo cyo gushyiramo kwihanganira no kubahiriza kuri buri rugingo mugihe nanone ubasha gukurikirana no gusohora umuriro. Amaboko ya Domo afite dogere esheshatu zubwisanzure, ebyiri ku rutugu na bane mu kuboko no mu kuboko. Ihuriro ni Series ya elastike ikora (SEA) itwarwa na moteri ya DC idafite amashanyarazi. Impamyabumenyi zubwisanzure zirimo sisitemu yo gutwara kabili, hamwe ninsinga zo gutwara zihishe ubushishozi hagati yingingo kugirango bitabangamira kugenda. Imikorere ya elastike ikoreshwa mugutanga imbaraga-zumva imbaraga kubiganza. Rukuruzi rwinjijwe mumaboko yose ihujwe na sisitemu yo kumenya. <ref name="edsinger" /> == Amaboko == Igishushanyo cyamaboko ya humanoid kirasabwa gushyiramo uburyo bumwe bwo gupima no gusohora imbaraga. Ibishushanyo bike bishaje byari bifite sensor sensor zintoki. Mugihe ibi byakorera mubidukikije bizwi, ntabwo bitanga ibitekerezo bihagije byo gukora mubitabo kandi bitazwi. Abagenzuzi bari mumaboko ya Domo bashoboye kumva imbaraga kumutwe umwe. Ibi bituma amaboko akora gufata ikintu nubwo nta cyitegererezo cyubunini bwikintu, imiterere cyangwa ibikoresho. Buri kiganza kigizwe nintoki eshatu zikoreshwa na moteri enye. Hariho icyuma kimwe kuri buri rutoki naho icya kane ni ukugenzura ikwirakwizwa hagati yintoki ebyiri. Intoki zombi zirakwirakwizwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho, mugihe icya gatatu kiguma mu mwanya. <ref name="edsinger" /> == Ubushobozi == Domo izahuza nibidukikije igerageza imiterere yumubiri yibintu ubikoraho cyangwa ubinyeganyeza. Mubushobozi bwayo harimo kumenya ingano yikintu, gushyira ibintu kumasahani, gusuka abantu ibinyobwa, guhana ibiganza, no guhobera. <ref name="ng">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Geographic_Magazine</ref> == Imyumvire == Ukoresheje kamera ebyiri zashyizwe kumutwe wacyo hamwe na sisitemu yo gutunganya amashusho, Domo arashobora gusesengura ingano nuburyo imiterere yikintu kugirango yitegure imikoranire. Ibi bikorwa nta bumenyi bwambere bwerekeye ikintu kandi butuma Domo akora imirimo mubidukikije bitazwi. == Kwiga == Ubwubatsi bwa Domo butuma robot yibuka ibyabaye mbere. Domo ishoboye kwiga kubyerekeye ubushobozi bwayo bwa sensorimotor kandi irashobora guhuza neza modulisiyo yibikorwa byayo ishingiye kubikorwa byakozwe mbere. == Gukoresha == Amaboko ya Domo yari yarakozwe muburyo buteye ubwoba kandi bushobora gufata ibintu byinshi bitandukanye. Ariko, ibi ntibishobora kugerwaho hatabayeho gushushanya sisitemu ya software kugirango ibe umuhanga mu gucunga abagenzuzi batandukanye kuri buri ngingo. Ibi bituma robot ibasha gukora vuba no guhindura ibikorwa byamaboko. Ibi nibyingenzi kugirango robot ibashe kugerageza gukora imirimo nyayo yisi. == Reba ibindi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090413150650/http://mekabot.com/ Jeff + Aaron's spinoff company] * [http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/domo_research.htm MIT.edu Domo Research] * {{cite book|citeseerx=10.1.1.92.4608|chapter=Domo: A Force Sensing Humanoid Robot for Manipulation Research|chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1442127|date=May 31, 2004|doi=10.1109/ICHR.2004.1442127|s2cid=1301217|title=4th IEEE/RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2004|last1=Edsinger-Gonzales|first1=A.|last2=Weber|first2=J.|volume=1|pages=273–291|isbn=0-7803-8863-1}} * [http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/cardea.htm Cardea Robot] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] 9k2nyyf0snpf4acynqyn8dorzyspqy5 0 17919 139040 108164 2026-09-23T00:16:12Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139040 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Brainport Bay stone row - geograph.org.uk - 5680606.jpg|thumb|274x274px|brainport bay stone row]] '''BrainPort''' ni tekinoroji aho amakuru yunvikana ashobora koherezwa mubwonko bwa muntu binyuze muri electrode array yicaye kururimi. <ref name="WicabTrumanIndex">https://web.archive.org/web/20100621003247/http://index.truman.edu/pdfarchive/Feb152007.pdf</ref> Byabanje gukorwa na [[:en:Paul_Bach-y-Rita|Paul Bach-y-Rita]] mu rwego rwo gufasha abantu [[:en:Senses#Balance_and_acceleration|kumva neza]], cyane cyane [[:en:Stroke|abahohotewe]] . Bach-y-Rita yashinze ''Wicab'' mu 1998. <ref>[http://wicab.com/ Wicab] retrieved 4 October 2009</ref> <ref>[https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/11/071107210356.htm Article briefly discusses the use of the BrainPort as a balance aid for stroke victims.]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BrainPort, Dr. Paul Bach-y-Rita, and Sensory Substitution, 23 November 2004 |url=http://mindstates.tribe.net/thread/a8b9f33f-7a6f-4af8-9c0c-588719606271# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100429004238/http://mindstates.tribe.net/thread/a8b9f33f-7a6f-4af8-9c0c-588719606271# |archive-date=29 April 2010 |access-date=4 October 2009}}</ref> [[Dosiye:WIRE 2016 - program (27731842912).jpg|thumb|378x378px|wire 2016-program]] Yateguwe kandi kugirango ikoreshwe nkimfashanyo igaragara, yerekana ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwemerera impumyi kubona ibimukikije muburyo bwa polygonal na pigiseli. Muri iki gihe, kamera ifata ishusho yikikikije, amakuru atunganywa na chip ihindura imbaraga zoherejwe binyuze mumashanyarazi ya elegitoronike, ukoresheje ururimi, mubwonko bwumuntu. Ubwonko bwumuntu burashobora gusobanura izo mbaraga nkibimenyetso biboneka hanyuma bigahita byerekanwa kuri cortex igaragara, bigatuma umuntu "abona." Ibi birasa mubice byukuntu [[:en:Cochlear_implant|cochlear yatewe]] ikora, muburyo yohereza amashanyarazi kumashanyarazi yakira mumubiri. <ref>[http://science.howstuffworks.com/brainport.htm How Stuff Works: How BrainPort works] retrieved 4 October 2009</ref> <ref>[http://discovermagazine.com/2003/jun/feattongue Can you see with your tongue?] ''Discover Magazine'' published 1 June 2003</ref> Ku ya <ref>{{Cite web |title=Press Announcements - FDA allows marketing of new device to help the blind process visual signals via their tongues |url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451779.htm |access-date=2016-02-14 |website=www.fda.gov |language=en |archive-date=2018-01-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180125035233/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm451779.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> Kamena 2015. Ubuvuzi bwa BrainPort V100 bwo mu kanwa bwemejwe n’ubuyobozi [[:en:Food_and_Drug_Administration|bushinzwe ibiryo n'ibiyobyabwenge (FDA).]] == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Sensory_substitution|Sensory substitution]] * [[:en:Neuroplasticity|Neuroplasticity]] == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] so33jn3mg644c3mxz5yn89w4aena8p6 0 17946 139339 125142 2026-09-23T07:49:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139339 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''ElevenLabs''' ni sosiyete ikora software kabuhariwe mu gutezimbere imvugo yumvikanisha imvugo hamwe na software y'imvugo, ikoresheje ubwenge bw'ubukorikori hamwe no kwiga byimbitse. Yamenyekanye nka imwe mu ma sosiyete akomeye inyuma ya AI Spring igikomeje. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Callum Burroughs, Riddhi |title=The FOMO is real for venture capitalists paying big premiums to invest in AI startups right now |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/vc-investors-pile-into-ai-startups-at-high-prices-2023-5 |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amateka == ElevenLabs yashinzwe mu mwaka 2022 na Piotr Dąbkowski, wahoze ari injeniyeri wiga imashini kubijyanye na Google hamwe na Mateusz Staniszewski, ushinzwe ingamba z'ibijyanye no kohereza Palantir. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Riddhi |title=This startup, founded by ex-Google and Palantir staffers, uses AI to generate realistic voiceovers. Here's the 14-slide pitch deck ElevenLabs used to raise $2 million. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elevenlabs-ai-voice-intelligence-startup-raises-2-million-2023-1 |access-date=2023-02-09 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Bombi bakuriye mu gihugu cya [[Polonye]], kandi imbaraga zabo zo gushinga ElevenLabs bivugwa ko zaturutse mu kureba filime zitwa izidahagije filime zo muri America. <ref name=":16">{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Now hear this: Voice cloning AI startup ElevenLabs nabs $19M from a16z and other heavy hitters |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/now-hear-this-voice-cloning-ai-startup-elevenlabs-nabs-19m-from-a16z-and-other-heavy-hitters/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727183956/https://venturebeat.com/ai/now-hear-this-voice-cloning-ai-startup-elevenlabs-nabs-19m-from-a16z-and-other-heavy-hitters/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":34">{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2023-06-20 |title=Voice-generating platform ElevenLabs raises $19M, launches detection tool |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/06/20/voice-generating-platform-elevenlabs-raises-19m-launches-detection-tool/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Dąbkowski na Staniszewski babanje gusuzuma uburyo butandukanye bwo gutera inkunga, harimo amahirwe yo gukorana nokwihuta gutangira. Muri Mutarama mu mwaka 2023 bagaragaje ko babonye inkunga zingana na miliyoni 2 z'amadolari yo muri Amerika. Umwihariko wo gutangiza ubwenge bw'ijwi rya AI, ururwego rukomeje kugaragara mu bihugu by'Iburayi, yagize uruhare runini mu gukurura abashoramari. Inkunga yabanjirije imbuto yari iyobowe cyane na Credo Ventures, kandi ifatanya na Concept Ventures. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Kanetkar |first=Riddhi |title=Hot AI startup ElevenLabs, founded by ex-Google and Palantir staff, is set to raise $18 million at a $100 million valuation. Check out the 14-slide pitch deck it used for its $2 million pre-seed. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/elevenlabs-ai-voice-intelligence-startup-raises-2-million-2023-1 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Mutarama mu mwaka 2023, ElevenLabs yashyize ahagaragara k'umugaragaro beta yayo. <ref name="engadget.com">{{Cite web |title=A new AI voice tool is already being abused to make deepfake celebrity audio clips |url=https://www.engadget.com/ai-voice-tool-deepfake-celebrity-audio-clips-094648743.html |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Engadget |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri kamena mu mwaka 2023, ElevenLabs yakusanyije miliyoni 19 z'amadorali y’uruhererekane A inkunga ingana na miliyoni 100 z'amadolari, <ref name=":42">{{Cite web |last=Hunt |first=Simon |date=2023-06-20 |title=AI firm ElevenLabs achieves $100 million valuation within months of launch |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/business/ai-firm-elevenlabs-achieves-100-million-valuation-after-fresh-funding-round-b1088943.html |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Evening Standard |language=en}}</ref> nubwo isosiyete idafite ibiro ndetse n’abakozi 15 gusa. <ref name=":34"/> <ref name=":42" /> Inkunga yatanzwe yari iyobowe n’ikigo cy’imari ni shoramari Andreessen Horowitz, Nat Friedman wahoze ari umuyobozi wa GitHub, na rwiyemezamirimo Daniel Gross. Yagaragaje kandi uruhare rw’abantu bakomeye nka SV Angel, Mike Krieger (washinze Instagram), Brendan Iribe (washinze Oculus), Mustafa Suleyman (washinze Deepmind), na Tim O'Reilly (washinze O'Reilly Media). Byatangajwe kandi ko Andreessen Horowitz azinjira mu buyobozi bwa ElevenLabs. <ref name=":16"/> Ku ya 22 Mutarama mu mwaka 2024, ElevenLabs yakusanyije miliyoni 80 z’amadolari y’Amerika mu nkunga B yazamuye igiciro cya sosiyete igera kuri miliyari 1.1. Kubijyanye n'inkunga yatanzwe yari iyobowe na Andreessen Horowitz, Friedman, Gross, na Sequoia Capital. Byongeye kandi kuribyo, sosiyete yatangaje urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa bishya, nk'isoko ryabo ry'ijwi, Studio ya AI Dubbing, hamwe na porogaramu igendanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-22 |title=ElevenLabs Releases New Voice AI Products and Raises $80M Series B |url=https://elevenlabs.io/blog/series-b/}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa == ElevenLabs izwi cyane cyane kuri mushakisha ishingiye kuri AI, ifashwa na AI n'inyandiko y'imvugo, Speech Synthesis, ishobora kubyara imvugo ubuzima bwose muguhuza amarangamutima n'ijwi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 23, 2023 |title=Generative AI comes for cinema dubbing: Audio AI startup ElevenLabs raises pre-seed |url=https://sifted.eu/articles/generative-ai-audio-elevenlabs/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Sifted |language=en-US}}</ref> Isosiyete ivuga ko porogaramu zayo zubatswe mu rwego rwo guhindura intonasiyo n'umuvuduko wo gutanga hashingiwe ku bijyanye no kwinjiza ururimi rukoreshwa. Ikoresha algorithms yateye imbere kugira ngo isesengure ibintu bijyanye n'inyandiko, igamije kumenya amarangamutima nk'umujinya, umubabaro, umunezero, cyangwa gutabaza, ituma sisitemu yumva imyumvire y'umukoresha, bikavamo kugera kubintu bifatika kandi bisa nk'abantu. . Gutangira biri mubikorwa byo gutanga ipatanti. <ref name=":2"/> Binyuze kurubuga rwa beta, abayikoresha bashobora gutanga inyandiko no kubyara dosiye z'amajwi uhereye kumajwi asanzwe. Abakoresha bishyura bahabwa ubushobozi bwo kohereza amajwi yihariye kugira ngo bakore uburyo bushya bw'ijwi bakoresheje igikoresho cyogukoresha amajwi y'ikigo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Frauenfelder |first=Mark |date=January 12, 2023 |title=Software lets you design new synthetic voices from scratch |url=https://boingboing.net/2023/01/12/software-lets-you-design-new-synthetic-voices-from-scratch.html |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Boing Boing |language=en-US}}</ref> Isomero ry'Ijwi ni ikintu kiranga sosiyete mu buryo bwo gusangira imyirondoro idasanzwe y'ijwi ryakozwe hakoreshejwe cyangwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga ryabo. Ijwi ryateguwe mbere y'ijwi ryemerera abakoresha mu guhitamo ijwi rihuye neza n'ibyifuzo byabo, aho kurema imwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 25, 2023 |title=As Generative AI booms, this British startup secures $2M to imitate human voices — TFN |url=https://techfundingnews.com/as-generative-ai-booms-this-british-startup-secures-2m-to-imitate-human-voices/ |access-date=2023-02-05 |website=Tech Funding News |language=en-US}}</ref> Ikindi gikoresho cyitwa VoiceLab cyemerera abakoresha clone amajwi avuye mu bice bike by'amajwi kandi bishobora gukora amajwi mashya. <ref name=":16"/> Ku taliki ya 20 Kamena mu mwaka 2023, ElevenLabs yasohoye igikoresho cyo kumenyekanisha AI cyitwa AI Speech Classifier, ivuga ko ari cyo cya mbere cyacyo. <ref name=":16"/> Igikoresho kiragerwaho binyuze muri API kandi cyashizweho kugira ngo hamenyekane niba icyitegererezo cy'amajwi yoherejwe gikomoka kuri tekinoroji ya AI ya ElevenLabs. <ref name=":34"/> Isosiyete yagaragaje ubushake bwo gufatanya n’abandi bateza imbere AI mu gushyiraho sisitemu yo kumenya isi yose ishobora kwakirwa mu nganda zose. Muri Nyakanga mu kwaka 2023, ElevenLabs yatangaje Imishinga irimo, igikoresho cyo gukora ibintu birebire byavuzwe nk'ibitabo by'amajwi n'ibice by'ibiganiro hamwe n'amajwi akoreshwa neza. <ref name=":34"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bonk |first=Lawrence |title=ElevenLabs' Powerful New AI Tool Lets You Make a Full Audiobook in Minutes |url=https://www.lifewire.com/elevenlabs-new-audiobook-ai-tool-7550061 |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Lifewire |language=en}}</ref> Igikoresho cyasohotse muri Nzeri. Muri Kanama, ElevenLabs yagize ubushobozi bwo gutanga amajwi mu ndimi 28. Ukoresheje icyitegererezo cya AI, yahise itahura indimi zirimo nkiza Abanyakoreya, Abadage, na [[Viyetinamu]], bigatuma habaho abakire mu marangamutima bakomoka mu ndimi nyinshi zitandukanye. Isosiyete yatangaje kandi ko ikoranabuhanga ryayo ryasohotse ku mugaragaro icyiciro cya beta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-08-22 |title=ElevenLabs' AI Voice Generator Can Now Fake Your Voice in 30 Languages |url=https://gizmodo.com/ai-voice-generator-elevenlabs-fake-voices-30-languages-1850762057 |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=Gizmodo |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Wiggers">{{Cite web |last=Wiggers |first=Kyle |date=2023-08-22 |title=ElevenLabs' voice-generating tools launch out of beta |url=https://techcrunch.com/2023/08/22/elevenlabs-voice-generating-tools-launch-out-of-beta/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=TechCrunch |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Kwakira mu mwaka 2023, ElevenLabs yerekanye "AI Dubbing," igikoresho gishobora guhindura imvugo mu ndimi zirenga 20. Ibiranga ubushobozi bwo kurinda ijwi ry'umwimerere w'umuvugizi, amarangamutima, hamwe nintonasiyo, ukoresheje uburyo bwihariye kugira ngo ukemure imirimo nko kuvanaho urusaku, gutandukanya abavuga, kwandukura, no guhuza imvugo yahinduwe hamwe n'ijwi ry'umwimerere ryanyaryo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Shubham |date=2023-10-10 |title=ElevenLabs introduces AI Dubbing, translating video and audio into 20 languages |url=https://venturebeat.com/ai/elevenlabs-introduces-ai-dubbing-translating-video-and-audio-into-20-languages/ |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231016221943/https://venturebeat.com/ai/elevenlabs-introduces-ai-dubbing-translating-video-and-audio-into-20-languages/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Gukoresha == Imikoreshereze ya cumi na rimwe ikoreshwa mu rwego rw'imirenge. Abakora imirimo bakoresheje ElevenLabs kuri podcasts, kuvuga, no kwerekana urwenya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Suciu |first=Peter |title=Arrested Succession Parody On YouTube Features 'Narration' By AI-Generated Ron Howard |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/petersuciu/2023/05/09/arrested-succession-parody-on-youtube-features-narration-by-ai-generated-ron-howard/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Muri Werurwe mu mwaka 2023, umunyarwenya Drew Carey yakoresheje igikoresho cyo gukoresha amajwi ya ElevenLabs kugira ngo yongere ijwi rye mu gice cya radiyo ye, ''ku wa gatanu nijoro Freakout''. Muri Mata mu mwaka 2023, umunyamakuru wa televiziyo na radiyo [[Polonye|yo muri Polonye]], Jaroslaw Kuzniar, yakoresheje na verisiyo y’ijwi rye kugira ngo atange urukurikirane rwa podcast ku ntambara yo muri Ukraine. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 9, 2023 |title=Sztuczna inteligencja czyta głosem Jarosława Kuźniara. Rewolucja w radiu i podcastach |url=https://www.press.pl/tresc/75988,sztuczna-inteligencja-czyta-glosem-jaroslawa-kuzniara_-to-zapowiedz-rewolucji-w-radiu-i-podcastach |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Press.pl |language=pl}}</ref> Seth Godin yakoresheje kandi ElevenLabs kugira ngo avuge podcast ye yibanze kuri AI. <ref name=":16"/> Muri Werurwe mu mwaka 2023, Super-Hi-Fi, serivise yo gutangiza amakuru, yafatanyije na ElevenLabs gutanga serivise yuzuye ya radiyo yiswe "AI Radio", ikoresheje porogaramu ya ElevenLabs kugira ngo ivuze uburyo bwo kuvanga imiziki mu buryo busanzwe ivuye mu bisobanuro byatanzwe na ChatGPT. <ref>{{Cite web |last=McLane |first=Paul |date=March 29, 2023 |title=AI Radio Demonstrates AI Partnership |url=https://www.radioworld.com/news-and-business/headlines/ai-radio-demonstrates-ai-partnership |access-date=2023-04-25 |website=Radioworld |language=en-US}}</ref> ElevenLabs yakoreshejwe kandi mu kuvuga imikino no kuvuga amajwi y'imikino ku bufatanye n’umushinga w’imikino wo mu gihugu cya [[Suwede]] witwa Paradox Interactive hamwe na Magicave ikorera mu gihugu cy'Ubwongereza. <ref name=":16"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-07-06 |title=Magicave announces Beneath The Six game with an AI narrator |url=https://venturebeat.com/games/magicave-announces-beneath-the-six-game-with-an-ai-narrator/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=VentureBeat |language=en-US}}</ref> Abanyamaji n'abanditsi bakoresheje ElevenLabs mu kuvuga ibitabo n'amajwi. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=January 30, 2023 |title=AI-Generated Voice Firm Clamps Down After 4chan Makes Celebrity Voices for Abuse |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/dy7mww/ai-voice-firm-4chan-celebrity-voices-emma-watson-joe-rogan-elevenlabs |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=www.vice.com |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 13 Kamena 2023, Storytel yatangaje ubufatanye bwihariye na sosiyete. Muri ubwo bufatanye, ElevenLabs ikora amajwi ajyanye n’amasoko yibanze ya Storytel no gukora ibitabo by'amajwi byavuzwe na AI. Imiterere ihindura amajwi yitwa VoiceSwitcher yashyizwe mubikorwa kugirango itezimbere abakoresha, itanga ubunararibonye bwo gutegera bwihariye kuri buri muntu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Porter |date=2023-06-13 |title='AI Voices' in Audiobooks: Storytel in ElevenLabs Partnership |url=https://publishingperspectives.com/2023/06/ai-voices-in-audiobooks-storytel-in-elevenlabs-partnership/ |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=Publishing Perspectives |language=en-US}}</ref> ElevenLabs yakoreshejwe mugukora amajwi yo gukina amashusho mu ndimi zitandukanye, harimo nabashinzwe gukora ibintu. <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":42"/> Ihuriro rifite ubushobozi bwo kwigana neza imvugo iyo ari yo yose mu rurimi urwo arirwo rwose. Abafana b'ibyamamare bakoresheje ElevenLabs mugukora ubutumwa butera inkunga bakoresheje amajwi y'ibyamamare bakunda. Muri Gashyantare, umunyamakuru wa VICE, Joseph Cox, yatangaje ibyagaragaye ko yanditse iminota itanu yivugiye hanyuma akoresha ElevenLabs mu gukora amajwi yimbitse yatsinze sisitemu yo kwemeza amajwi ya banki. ElevenLabs ishyiraho amabwiriza asobanutse yerekeranye no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryayo, ibuza gutondekanya amajwi hagamijwe gutukana nko kuriganya, ivangura, imvugo yangwa, cyangwa guhohotera k'umurongo, nubwo ishyigikira ikoreshwa ry'urubuga rwayo kuri karikatire, parody na satire kandi Imvugo y'ubuhanzi na politiki igira uruhare mu biganiro mbwirwaruhame. Isosiyete yemeza ko ifite uburenganzira bwo guhagarika konti n'ibirimo by'abakoresha basanze binyuranyije n'aya mabwiriza, kandi inagaragaza ko yiyemeje gufatanya n'abayobozi no gutanga raporo ku bikorwa binyuranyije n'amategeko hakurikijwe ibisabwa. <ref name=":16"/> == Kwakira == Nyuma yo gushyirwa ahagaragara muri Mutarama mu mwaka 2023, ElevenLabs yongerewe imbaraga kandi ishimirwa ubwiza bw’ijwi ryayo, ibihe byihuta, ndetse n urwego rw'ubuntu. Yashimiwe kandi k'ubushobozi ifite bwo kuvuga neza amazina afite imvugo idasanzwe, ikemura ikibazo gikunze kugaragara mubikoresho bisa n'ibikunze guhuza cyane cyane amazina y'uburengerazuba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Desai |first=Saahil |date=2023-07-17 |title=A Voicebot Just Left Me Speechless |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2023/07/ai-voice-assistants-name-pronunciation/674731/ |access-date=2023-09-25 |website=The Atlantic |language=en}}</ref> Sosiyete yageze ku bakoresha barenga miliyoni biyandikishije hagati yo kuyitangiza muri Kamena mu mwaka 2023. <ref name=":16"/> <ref name=":34"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Your AI Clone Can Fool Family, Your Bank, But Not Your Video Meeting - Tech News Briefing - WSJ Podcasts |url=https://www.wsj.com/podcasts/tech-news-briefing/your-ai-clone-can-fool-family-your-bank-but-not-your-video-meeting/30e43487-627a-4502-857c-06b3624c803f |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=WSJ |language=en}}</ref> ElevenLabs yanenzwe nyuma y’uko abayikoresha bashoboye gukoresha porogaramu zayo kugira ngo batange amagambo atavugwaho rumwe mu buryo bw’ijwi ry’ibyamamare, abayobozi ba Leta, ndetse n’abandi bantu bazwi, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-31 |title=People Are Still Terrible: AI Voice-Cloning Tool Misused for Deepfake Celeb Clips |url=https://me.pcmag.com/en/news/14327/people-are-still-terrible-ai-voice-cloning-tool-misused-for-deepfake-celeb-clips |access-date=2023-07-25 |website=PCMag Middle East |language=en-ae}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 2, 2023 |title=Internet Up in Arms as 4Chan User Uses AI Voice Simulator To Deepfake Emma Watson's Voice, Makes Her Read Hitler's Autobiography – FandomWire |url=https://fandomwire.com/internet-up-in-arms-as-4chan-user-uses-ai-voice-simulator-to-deepfake-emma-watsons-voice-makes-her-read-hitlers-autobiography/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=fandomwire.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The generative A.I. software race has begun |url=https://fortune.com/2023/01/31/generative-a-i-is-about-to-upend-enterprise-software-and-cybersecurity/ |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=Fortune |language=en}}</ref> bikurura abantu cyane nyuma y’abakoresha kuri 4chan yakoresheje igikoresho cyo gusangira ubutumwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent |first=James |date=January 31, 2023 |title=4chan users embrace AI voice clone tool to generate celebrity hatespeech |url=https://www.theverge.com/2023/1/31/23579289/ai-voice-clone-deepfake-abuse-4chan-elevenlabs |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=The Verge |language=en-US}}</ref> Ubushobozi bwa software bwo gukoporora hafi amajwi nyayo byazamuye impungenge zimyitwarire, abayinenga babifata nk'uburyo bwimbitse. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Seeing is believing? Global scramble to tackle deepfakes |url=https://news.yahoo.com/seeing-believing-global-scramble-tackle-013429757.html |access-date=2023-02-03 |website=news.yahoo.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu gusubiza, isosiyete yavuze ko izakora ku kugabanya ihohoterwa rishobora gukoreshwa binyuze mu kurinda no kugenzura indangamuntu. <ref name="engadget.com"/> Sosiyete yaje kubona uburyo bwo gukoresha amajwi y’abafatabuguzi bahembwa, ivuga ko hasabwa gutanga amakuru y’ubwishyu mu rwego rwo kunoza ibyo babazwa, kandi ishyira mu bikorwa ibihano ku bakoresha barenze ku masezerano ya serivisi. Impungenge zagaragaye z’inyongera zagarutsweho ku bijyanye n’imyitwarire y’isoko ku mahugurwa ya ElevenLabs, hamwe n’abakinnyi benshi batandukanye bavuga ko ElevenLabs habayeho kuba yakoresheje ingero z’amajwi yabo batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya cyangwa uburenganzira. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-13 |title=Your Favorite Voice Actors Call Out AI Sites Copying Voices Without Consent |url=https://kotaku.com/ai-voice-actors-steve-blum-elevenlabs-contracts-sell-1850108292 |access-date=2023-12-10 |website=Kotaku |language=en}}</ref> ElevenLabs, hamwe nandi masosiyete yo mucyiciro cyayo, byagaragaye rero ko ari ikibazo gishobora gutera urwego rukora amajwi. <ref name="Wiggers"/> == Reba kandi == * 15.ai * Respeecher * Ijwi ryimbitse == Amashakiro == <references /> aiz8jiqx37stvbduwelm77jli7ypkd9 0 17950 139036 103276 2026-09-22T23:54:48Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139036 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imenyesha kuri LAN''' (AOL, rimwe na rimwe AoL) ni 1998, [[:en:IBM|IBM]] - na [[:en:Intel|Intel]] -terambere ryikoranabuhanga ryemerera gucunga kure no kugenzura PC zikoresha imiyoboro. AOL isaba [[:en:Wake_on_LAN|Wake kuri adapt ya LAN]] . == Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki == Igitekerezo nyamukuru cya AOL nukwohereza umuburo kubayobozi ba kure kubyerekeranye na PC zitandukanye ukoresheje LAN. Ibi bisabwa birimo: * Sisitemu yacometse ku mbaraga zituruka * Sisitemu yacometse kumurongo * Kwinjira kwa Chassis * Gukuraho gutunganya * Sisitemu yibidukikije * Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru * Umuvuduko w'abafana * Imihindagurikire ya voltage * Gukoresha amakosa ya sisitemu * Sisitemu imbaraga-ku makosa * Sisitemu iramanikwa * Kunanirwa kw'ibigize Imenyesha kuri LAN 2 (AOL2) ryagura AOL kugirango yemere gucunga neza PC, harimo: * Sisitemu ya kure reboot kuri raporo yo gutsindwa gukomeye * Sisitemu yo Gukora * Kuvugurura ishusho ya BIOS * Kora ubundi buryo bwo gusuzuma == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Wake-on-LAN|Wake-on-LAN]] * [[:en:Alert_Standard_Format|Alert Standard Format]] * [[:en:Desktop_and_mobile_Architecture_for_System_Hardware|Desktop and mobile Architecture for System Hardware]] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170745/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/2708.wss AOL Introduction from IBM] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] oqv0j6l23qrt67zferlqapms00y7074 0 17959 139463 131273 2026-09-23T09:48:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139463 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Oticon''' ni uruganda rukora [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|ibyuma]] by'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva rufite icyicaro i Copenhagen, [[Danimarike]]. Iyo sosiyete ni ishami ry'itsinda Demant. Yashinzwe mu mwaka 1904 na Hans Demant, umugore we akaba yari afite ubumuga bwo kutumva. Iyo sosiyete ivuga ko ikora ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi mu gukora [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|ibyuma bifasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva]], kandi ikoresha uburyo bwo kuyobora buzwi ku izina rya "spaghetti organisation" <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oticon A/S: Spaghetti Organization and Beyond |url=http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy/BSTR318.htm |access-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=IBS Center for Management Research |archive-date=24 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724141010/http://www.icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Business%20Strategy/BSTR318.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Case Study: Revolution at Oticon A/S: The Spaghetti Organization (Condensed) |url=http://hbr.org/product/revolution-at-oticon-a-s-the-spaghetti-organizatio/an/IMD083-PDF-ENG |access-date=10 September 2012 |publisher=Harvard Business Review}}</ref> bwatangijwe na Lars Kolind <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewing, Jack |date=6 August 2007 |title=Denmark's Masters of E-Mail Marketing |url=http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-08-06/denmarks-masters-of-e-mail-marketingbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120709221600/http://www.businessweek.com/stories/2007-08-06/denmarks-masters-of-e-mail-marketingbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice |archive-date=9 July 2012 |access-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=Bloomberg Businessweek}}</ref>iyobowe hagati ya 1988 na 1998. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Think the Unthinkable (in Danish: Tænk det utænkelige!) |url=http://kolindkuren.dk/2008/07/23/t%C3%A6nk-det-ut%C3%A6nkelige/ |access-date=12 September 2012 |publisher=Kolind Kuren |archive-date=6 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191206150048/http://kolindkuren.dk/2008/07/23/t%c3%a6nk-det-ut%c3%a6nkelige/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Oticon ifite amashami mu bihugu byinshi, harimo uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa muri [[Polonye]], rufite abakozi barenga 3.000 ku isi. <ref name="Oticon Employees">{{Cite web |title=Oticon Hearing Aids |url=https://www.apexhearing.co.uk/hearing-aids/ |access-date=6 May 2014 |publisher=Apex Hearing |archive-date=20 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120043437/https://apexhearing.co.uk/hearing-aids/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Intra_aural_hearing_aid_Wellcome_L0065955.jpg|thumb| Imfashanyo y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva Oticon]] == Ubuvuzi bwa Oticon == Ubuvuzi bwa Oticon ni mushiki wa kampani ya Oticon, byombi bikaba ari amashami ya Demant Group. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oticon Medical – A company founded on care |url=https://earcommunity.org/oticon-medical-a-company-founded-on-care/658378/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=earcommunity.org}}</ref> Mu gihe Oticon kabuhariwe mu byuma by'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, Ubuvuzi bwa Oticon kabuhariwe byatangiye mu gutera no gusohora ibicuruzwa byabwo bwa mbere mu mwaka 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our history |url=https://www.demant.com/about/our-history |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=www.demant.com |language=en}}</ref> Iyo sosiyete ya Ponto yo gutwara amagufwa ubu iri mu gisekuru cyayo cya gatanu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oticon Medical bone-anchored hearing devices |url=https://www.healthyhearing.com/oticon-medical-hearing-implants |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=Healthy Hearing |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220324134409/https://www.healthyhearing.com/oticon-medical-hearing-implants |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka 2013, Oticon Medical yaguze Neurelec, [[Ubufaransa|w'umufaransa]] gukora progaramu ya cochlear. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Apr 2 |last2=Ear |first2=2013 {{!}} Behind the |last3=Implants |first3=Cochlear |last4=News {{!}} 0 {{!}} |first4=Industry |date=2013-04-02 |title=William Demant Acquires Neurelec, a French Manufacturer of Cochlear Implants |url=https://hearingreview.com/hearing-products/implants-bone-conduction/cochlear-implants/william-demant-acquires-neurelec-a-french-manufacturer-of-cochlear-implants |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=The Hearing Review |language=en-US}}</ref> Yifashishijwe mu ikoranabuhanga ryabonye, sosiyete yashyizeho uburyo bwayo bwa Neuro cochlear implant sisitemu, yemerwa na FDA mu mwaka 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-24 |title=FDA approves Oticon Medical's Neuro cochlear implant system |url=https://www.massdevice.com/fda-approves-oticon-medicals-neuro-cochlear-implant-system/ |access-date=2022-03-24 |website=MassDevice |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Mata mu mwaka 2022, Demant yatangaje ko yemeye kugurisha Oticon Medical muri sosiyete yo mugihugu cya [[Ositaraliya]] Cochlear Limited kuri miliyoni DKK850 kandi ko azava mu bucuruzi bw’iburanisha kubitera ubumuga bwo kutumva. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ogg |first=Matt |date=2022-04-27 |title=Cochlear to acquire loss-making Oticon Medical for $170 million |url=https://www.businessnewsaustralia.com/articles/cochlear-to-acquire-loss-making-oticon-medical-for--170-million.html |access-date=2022-05-06 |website=Business News Australia}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} jkl9fh9aaxroi5rjinkdflcn8p43eu8 0 17965 139412 120362 2026-09-23T09:41:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139412 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Beltone''' ni sosiyete [[Akuma gafasha umuntu kumva|ifasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva]] yashinzwe mu mwaka 1940, ifite icyicaro i Chicago, Illinois, muri Amerika. Ibicuruzwa bya Beltone bigurishwa mubihugu by'Amerika, [[Kanada]], no mu bihugu birenga 40 ku isi. [[Dosiye:Vintage_Beltone_Transistor_Behind-The-Ear_(BTE)_Hearing_Aids_-_From_Left,_Andante_(1966),_Sonata_(1975)_&_Etude_(1972)_(14885952770).jpg|thumb|right|Utwuma dufasha mu kumva twakozwe na Beltone]] Muri [[Amerika ya Ruguru]], Beltone ifite ibigo byita kubafite ubumuga bwo kutumva birenga 1500 byigenga. Beltone itanga ibizamini byo kumva, ibikoresho bifasha abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva no gukurikirana abarwayi. Byongeye kandi, Beltone itanga gahunda y'ubuvuzi ikubiyemo ibyuma byo kumva bya Beltone mu buryo butandukanye mugihe abarwayi babo babifite. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BelCare Hearing Care Benefits |url=http://www.beltone.com/beltone-experience/belcare.aspx}}</ref> Fondasiyo ya Beltone Hearing Care Foundation, umuryango 501 (c) (3) w’abagiraneza, yashinzwe mu mwaka 2014 hagamijwe gutanga ibikoresho byo kumva kubafite ubmuga bwo kutumva ku bakeneye ubwo bufasha bwo kumva bashobora kuba badashobora kubyishura cyangwa kubigeraho. Umuntu ku giti cye ndetse n’imiryango yemerewe kubona ubufasha butangwa na Fondasiyo binyuze mu gutorwa ku buryo butaziguye n'abakozi ba Beltone cyangwa abanyamuryango. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beltone announces the Beltone Hearing Care Foundation |url=https://www.beltone.com/press-room/beltone-hearing-care-foundation-announced.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150311163337/http://www.beltone.com/press-room/beltone-hearing-care-foundation-announced.aspx |archive-date=2015-03-11 |website=www.beltone.com}} </ref> == Ubwoko bw'imfashanyo y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva == Imfashanyigisho za Beltone ziboneka mu buryo bwinshi. Imfashanyigisho ntoya ya Beltone, microInvisa ya Beltone, ingana na raspberry. Izwi nka Invisible-in-Canal (IIC) imfashanyo yo kwumva kubafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, microInvisa ya Beltone yakozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo ihuze n'umuyoboro w'amatwi w'umurwayi. Ibyo bituma ibyuma byumva byicara neza mu matwi, bitagaragara. Izindi moderi zigwa mu rwego rworoheje Inyuma y'ugutwi (BTE). Agace gato cyane kihishe mu gicucu inyuma y'ugutwi, kandi gahuza umuyoboro w'ugutwi ukoresheje umuyoboro muto, usobanutse. Imfashanyo z'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva za BTE bareka umurwayi akagire isuzuma ryo kumva kandi akakira ibyuma byumva umunsi umwe. Ibikoresho byo kwumva bya Beltone byateguwe kugira ngo bikemure ikibazo cyihariye cy'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing Aid Types: Which Style is Best for You? &#124; Beltone |url=http://www.beltone.com/products/shell-styles.aspx}}</ref> == Amateka ya Beltone == * 1940: Sam Posen yafunguye Beltone i Chicago, muri IL maze atangiza imfashanyo y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva Model H. * 1944: Beltone yatangije Mono-Pac, imfashanyo ya mbere imwe muz'imbere yo kumva mu nganda * 1946: Beltone yarekuye Harmony imfashanyo ntoya yo kumva yaboneka icyo gihe </link> * 1969: Beltone yaremye amajwi y’ikirere muri gahunda yo mu kirere kugira ngo irinde kumva kwabo mu gihe cyo guhaguruka no kongera kwinjira * 1971: Beltone yatangiye gukora ubushakashatsi no kunanirwa kwumva ku cyicaro cyabo * 1979: Beltone yafunguye ubucuruzi muri Kanada </link> * 1983: Beltone yerekanye imigenzo yayo ya mbere mu muyoboro wumva (ITC) * 1998: Beltone yatangije Beltone Digital, imfashanyo yambere yo kumva hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya digitale * 2011: Beltone yerekanye Beltone True <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing Aid Types: Which Style is Best for You? &#124; Beltone |url=https://www.beltone.com/hearing-aids/beltone-true.aspx}}</ref> imfashanyo yo kumva ishobora gutanga 2.4GHz itagira amajwi aturuka kubikoresho bifashwe n'intoki * 2014: Beltone yasohoye Beltone Yambere <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing aid guides and tips &#124; Beltone |url=https://www.beltone.com/hearing-aids/beltone-first.aspx}}</ref> iyambere yakozwe mubufasha bwo kumva iPhone <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2014 |title=Beltone Launches Beltone First, a Revolutionary Hearing Aid |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20140227005945/en/Beltone-Launches-Beltone-Revolutionary-Hearing-Aid#.VInOqHvTCF4}}</ref> * 2014: Beltone yasohoye Beltone Boost yagenewe abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva bukabije <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing Aid Types: Which Style is Best for You? &#124; Beltone |url=http://www.beltone.com/products/beltone-boost.aspx}}</ref> * 2015: Beltone yatangaje ko umurongo w’ibikoresho bifasha byo kumva neza, harimo Beltone Yambere <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing aid guides and tips &#124; Beltone |url=https://www.beltone.com/hearing-aids/beltone-first.aspx}}</ref> na Beltone Boost, ubu bihujwe na Android binyuze muri porogaramu ya Beltone HearPlus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing aid apps for hearing loss&#124; Beltone HearPlus App |url=https://www.beltone.com/apps/hear-plus-app.aspx}}</ref> Ku ikubitiro ihujwe na Samsung Galaxy S5, ibyuma byumva bya Beltone bizaguka no gushyiramo ibindi bikoresho bya Android nyuma ya 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2015 |title=Beltone Announces Hearing Aid Compatibility with Android |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150108005889/en/Beltone-Announces-Hearing-Aid-Compatibility-Android}}</ref> * 2015: Beltone yashyize ahagaragara ibigwi bya Beltone <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beltone Legend Hearing Aids |url=https://www.beltone.com/hearing-aids/beltone-legend.aspx}}</ref> ubufasha bwa mbere bwiswe "Made for iPhone" ku isoko <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing Aid Types: Which Style is Best for You? &#124; Beltone |url=http://www.beltone.com/products/beltone-legend.aspx}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beltone Legend™ Hearing Aids {{!}} Beltone Skoric Hearing Aid Center |url=https://beltoneskorichearing.com/content/beltone-legend |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227205858/https://beltoneskorichearing.com/content/beltone-legend |archive-date=2020-02-27 |website=beltoneskorichearing.com}} </ref> * 2015: Beltone yaguye imiyoboro ya HearPlus <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing aid apps for hearing loss&#124; Beltone HearPlus App |url=https://www.beltone.com/apps/hear-plus-app.aspx}}</ref> ya Apple Watch <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 April 2015 |title=Beltone Expands Connectivity with HearPlus App for Apple Watch {{!}} Business Wire |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20150415005654/en/Beltone-Expands-Connectivity-HearPlus%25E2%2584%25A2-App-Apple-Watch |access-date=2016-09-08 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref> * 2015: Beltone yaguye Android Ihuza rya porogaramu ya HearPlus. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beltone Expands Hearing Aid App for Android {{!}} Pressroom |url=https://www.beltone.com/press-room/beltone-expands-compatibility-with-android.aspx |access-date=2016-09-08 |website=www.beltone.com |archive-date=2016-09-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160917133024/https://www.beltone.com/press-room/beltone-expands-compatibility-with-android.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2016: Beltone yatangaje ko hashyizwe ahagaragara Boost Plus <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hearing devices – digital hearing solutions, apps & more&#124; Beltone |url=https://www.beltone.com/hearing-aids/beltone-boost-plus.aspx}}</ref> - imfashanyo yo kumva ku baguzi bafite ikibazo gikomeye cyo kutumva <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 March 2016 |title=Beltone Announces Launch of Boost Plus {{!}} Business Wire |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160303006350/en/Beltone-Announces-Launch-Boost |access-date=2016-09-08 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref> * 2017: Beltone yatangaje itangizwa rya Beltone Trust <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beltone Trust – Hearing Aids at Their Best |url=https://www.beltone.com/trust.aspx |access-date=2017-06-01 |website=www.beltone.com}}</ref> * 2018: Beltone yatangaje ko hashyizweho Beltone Amaze <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2018 |title=Beltone Amaze™: A New, Amazingly Advanced and Powerful Hearing Aid |url=http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20180813005259/en/Beltone-Amaze%E2%84%A2-New-Amazingly-Advanced-Powerful-Hearing |access-date=2018-08-13 |website=www.businesswire.com}}</ref> * 2020: Imfashanyigisho za Beltone Amaze Yatsindiye Igihembo 2020 BIG Innovation Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=PRESS RELEASE: Beltone Amaze Hearing Aids Win 2020 BIG Innovation Award |url=https://beltoneskorichearing.com/blog/press-release-beltone-amaze-hearing-aids-win-2020-big-innovation-award |access-date=2020-02-27 |website=www.beltoneskorichearing.com |archive-date=2020-02-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200227205029/https://beltoneskorichearing.com/blog/press-release-beltone-amaze-hearing-aids-win-2020-big-innovation-award |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba kandi ==   * Kubura kumva, ubumuga bwo kutumva * Urusaku ruterwa no kutumva == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ieylw1b664zyf1djnqbxr3w6ufghy23 0 17969 139287 124318 2026-09-23T07:38:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139287 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Logo Canal+ 1995.svg|thumb|920x920px|'''Canal plus logo''']] [[Dosiye:Chaines Groupe Canal+.png|thumb|chaine groupe canal+]] '''Canal M''' [[Kanada|n'ikinyamakuru cyo muri kanada]] gikoresha [[Igifaransa|ururimi rwigifaransa]] amasaha 24 [[:en:Radio_reading_service|serivise za tereviziyo]] kidaharanira inyungu. Canal M ni serivisi yerekana amajwi gusa yerekana gusoma amakuru yamakuru yo mu binyamakuru n'ibinyamakuru. Ifitwe na Vues & Voix. Canal M ni serivisi ishingiye ku bushake, aho abantu bakora amajwi mu bigo bifata amajwi muri Québec. == Amateka == Uyu muyoboro watangijwe mu 1985 nka '''Radio de la Magnétothèque''' (bakunze kwita La Magnétothèque, izina rya sosiyete nkuru). Uyu muyoboro wakoraga mbere nta [[:en:Canadian_Radio-television_and_Telecommunications_Commission|komisiyo ishinzwe itumanaho rya radiyo na televiziyo yo muri Kanada]] (CRTC) itanga uruhushya rwo gutangaza. Ariko, mu Kwakira 1990, CRTC yemeye ku mugaragaro uruhushya rwa serivisi. <ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/1990/DB90-1060.htm Decision CRTC 90-1060] CRTC 1990-10-16</ref> Nyuma, muri Kanama 2009, CRTC yemeje ikindi cyifuzo cyatanzwe na La Magnétothèque cyemerera gutwara serivisi ku gikoresho fatizo cya sisitemu zitanga serivise za televiziyo muri Québec. <ref>[http://www.crtc.gc.ca/eng/archive/2009/2009-542.htm Broadcasting Order CRTC 2009-542] CRTC 2009-08-31</ref> Muri Werurwe 2011, Radio de la Magnétothèque yiswe '''Canal M''' kugira ngo ihuze no kuvugurura isosiyete ikomokaho, kuva La Magnétothèque kugeza Vues & Voix. <ref>[http://www.radio-canada.ca/regions/montreal/2011/03/30/009-magnetotheque-vues-voix.shtml La Magnétothèque devient Vues et Voix] Radio-Canada 2011-03-30 {{In lang|fr}}</ref> == Reba kandi == [[:en:AMI-audio|AMI-amajwi]], serivisi isa nabumva anglophone, ikorwa nishyirahamwe ridafitanye isano na Canal M. == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubumuga]] [[Ikiciro:Ubufasha bwibanze]] [[Ikiciro:Kanada]] 1t1wi85p91jtsb7r2l2mjw09qco0pad 0 18024 139052 124368 2026-09-23T01:39:08Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139052 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nintendo.svg|thumb| Ikirangantego cya Nintendo cyakoreshejwe kuva 2016|243x243px]] [[Dosiye:Nintendo-3DS-XL-angled.jpg|thumb|238x238px|NINTENDO]] [[Dosiye:Game-Boy-Original.jpg|thumb|Game-Boy-Original]] [[Dosiye:Nintendo-Game-Boy-Advance-Milky-Blue-FL.jpg|thumb|Nintendo-Game-Boy-Advance-Milky-Blue-FL]] Nintendo, urugo rwabayapani hamwe nudukino twa videwo yimikino ya console nuwateguye umukino, asanzwe yibanze kumikino ikoresha ibintu byihariye bya kanseri. Nyamara, ubwiyongere bwisoko ry'imikino igendanwa mu ntangiriro ya za 2010 bwatumye ibihembwe byimari bikurikirana aho byakoreraga igihombo. Nintendo, iyobowe na perezida Satoru Iwata muri kiriya gihe, yashyizeho ingamba zo kwinjira mu isoko ry’imikino igendanwa hamwe n’umufatanyabikorwa w’iterambere DeNA, mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha imitungo yabo ya francise kubakinnyi ba mobile bafite intego yo kubazana kugura kanseri ya Nintendo nyuma. Kuva mu 2015, Nintendo yateje imbere imikino myinshi igendanwa, mugihe anatangaza imikino hamwe nabandi bateza imbere, harimo imikino hanze yubufatanye bwa mbere bwa DeNA. Benshi muribo binjiye kurutonde rwimikino yakuwe hejuru kurutonde rwububiko bwa iOS App no mu bubiko bwa Google Play, binjiza US$100 million. == Amateka == === Mbere ya 2015 === Mu myaka ya za 2010, Nintendo yatanze ahanini konsole yo mu rugo, Wii, hamwe na konsole ya Nintendo DS, aho n'imikino myinshi yo mu rugo y'ibigo byabo byiza, nk'uko ni Super Mario na The Legend of Zelda, uburyo bw'ubucuruzi bwari bufite ibyemezo byiza yakoraga muri sosiyete mu myaka 30 ishize. Ikintu gitandukanye cyane mu buryo bwa Nintendo bukora ni ubuhanga bwo gufata ibyuma byemerera ibintu by'imikino yo gukina, nk'uko Wii Remote yerekana ibyerekezo hamwe na ecran ya kabiri ya DS. Nintendo niyo idasanzwe kuko imikino yabo ifite ubushobozi bwo gukina mu buryo buhagije, bigatuma igice kinini cy'ibintu byimikino bifitanye isano nitsinzi ry'umukino.<ref name="wsj 2013e3">{{Cite web |last=Wakabashi |first=Daisuke |date=June 11, 2013 |title=Nintendo Chief Defends Console Strategy |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323949904578539613606855912 |access-date=December 5, 2017 |website=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> Nyamara, mu myaka ya za 2010 kandi hagaragaye iterambere ry'imikino igendanwa hifashishijwe terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2012, isoko ry’imikino ngendanwa ryagereranijwe rifite agaciro ka US$9 billion, ugereranije n’inganda rusange y’imikino yo kuri videwo ifite agaciro ka US$86.1 billion. Biteganijwe ko ari izo zitabara imikino y'u Rwanda y’ububiko ku mugaragaro kuri terefone zigendanwa na mudasobwa zigendanwa mu myaka mike iri imbere, nk'uko byemezwa n'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi Newzoo. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2016, imikino igendanwa yinjije US$41 billion ku isoko ry’imikino yo kuri videwo US$91 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Takahashi |first=Dean |date=February 1, 2017 |title=SuperData: Mobile games hit $40.6 billion in 2016, matching world box office numbers |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/02/01/superdata-mobile-games-hit-40-6-billion-in-2016-matching-world-box-office-numbers/ |access-date=February 2, 2017 |website=Venture Beat |archive-date=February 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170201224042/http://venturebeat.com/2017/02/01/superdata-mobile-games-hit-40-6-billion-in-2016-matching-world-box-office-numbers/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2015 - ubungubu === Nyuma y’umwaka w’ingengo y’imari wa 2014, Iwata, Tatsumi Kimishima, Genyo Takeda, na Shigeru Miyamoto bakoze ingamba nshya kuri Nintendo kugira ngo babagarure mu nyungu. Ibyo byatumye babikoze inkluzi kwiyegereza isoko rya terefone igendanwa, gukora ibyuma bishya, no "kuzamura [ibyo] umutungo wubwenge." Icyerekezo cyibyuma byatumye habaho iterambere rya Nintendo Switch, ryasohotse muri Werurwe 2017. Mugihe yazamuwe nkurugo rwimuhira, Switch irashobora gukora muburyo butandukanye busa na kanseri ikoreshwa na mudasobwa ya tablet. == Imikino == Nintendo, ibinyujije mu gice cy’iterambere ry’imbere nka Entertainment Planning & Development division, cyangwa sitidiyo zayo zifitanye isano rya hafi nka Intelligent Systems, bakoze porogaramu zigendanwa nibura eshanu ku bufatanye na DeNA na Miitomo, Super Mario Run, Fire Emblem Intwari. Kwambuka inyamaswa: Ingando yumufuka na Mario Kart Urugendo. Indi mikino ubundi iri hanze yubufatanye. === ''Miitomo'' (2016) ===   Miitomo ni porogaramu ya mbere igendanwa yatunganijwe binyuze mu bufatanye bwa Nintendo / DeNA, yasohotse muri Werurwe 2016. Wari umukino uhuza abantu benshi, ufite abakinyi basabana na avatar zabo za Mii nizindi zabinyujije muri serivisi ya My Nintendo. Umukino wakoresheje imiterere ya freemium, yemerera abakinnyi gukoresha amafaranga-yisi kugura amafaranga yimikino (nayo ishobora kwinjizwa mubindi bikorwa byimikino) ishobora gukoreshwa muguhitamo uburyo bwo guhitamo Mii yumukinnyi mumikino. Miitomo yakusanyije miliyoni zirenga 10 zo gukuramo mu kwezi kumwe gusohoka, nubwo inyungu zagabanutse mu mezi yakurikiyeho. Nintendo yarangije gushyigikira porogaramu muri Gicurasi 2018.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Frank |first=Allegra |date=January 24, 2018 |title=Miitomo is shutting down in May |url=https://www.polygon.com/2018/1/24/16930778/miitomo-shut-down-date-may-2018 |access-date=January 24, 2018 |website=Polygon}}</ref> === ''Super Mario Kwiruka'' (2016) === Super Mario Run yasohotse bwa mbere mu Kuboza 2016 kuri iOS, nyuma y'amezi make kuri Android. Umukino nubwoko bwimodoka yiruka, aho umukinnyi ayobora Mario nabandi bantu banyuze mumasomo yo gukusanya ibiceri, gusa bisaba umukinnyi kugenzura igihe nuburebure bwa Mario yo gusimbuka. Bitandukanye n’imikino myinshi igendanwa, Nintendo yasohoye Super Mario Run nk'izina rimwe ryo kugura US$10, nubwo yatanze demo yubuntu kugirango yemere abakinnyi kugerageza umukino. Nintendo yari yateguye inyungu ku kugurisha impinduka kuva kuri demo mumikino yuzuye. Mu gihe umukino wakuweho inshuro zirenga miliyoni 200, uza ku mwanya wa mbere ku rutonde rw’ububiko bwa porogaramu, Nintendo yemeje ko batageze ku gipimo cya 10% cyo guhindura intego ku isi yose, ariko bagishakisha ubu buryo ku mazina y’ejo hazaza. Isosiyete isesengura Sensor Tower yagereranije ko Super Mario Run yinjije hafi miliyoni 56 z'amadolari mu mwaka wa mbere.<ref name="sensortower feh">{{Cite web |last=Kerr |first=Chris |date=February 21, 2018 |title=Report: Fire Emblem Heroes pulled in nearly $300M during first year |url=https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/314831/Report_Fire_Emblem_Heroes_pulled_in_nearly_300M_during_first_year.php |access-date=February 21, 2018 |website=Gamasutra |archive-date=February 22, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180222035832/https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/314831/Report_Fire_Emblem_Heroes_pulled_in_nearly_300M_during_first_year.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> === ''Intwari Ikirango Intwari'' (2017) === Fire Emblem Intwari zasohotse bwa mbere muri Gashyantare 2017, zakozwe cyane cyane na Intelligent Systems. Ikoresha uburyo bumwe bwo gukina umukino wo gukina uhereye kumurongo wa Fire Emblem, aho abakinnyi bagenzura ishyaka ry'intwari kubanzi barwana. Bitandukanye na Super Mario Kwiruka, Ikirangantego cyumuriro Intwari yakoresheje uburyo bwa gakondo bwubusa-gukina; abakinnyi bashoboraga gukina ubutumwa bwinshi bushoboka mugihe ibirori byabo byari bigifite imbaraga, ubundi bikagarura ubuyanja mugutegereza umwanya runaka cyangwa mugukoresha kugura mumikino kugirango bagarure imbaraga kandi bakize ibirori. Kugura muri porogaramu birashobora no gukoreshwa mu kugura intwari nshya mu birori byabakinnyi. Mugihe umukino wakuweho inshuro miliyoni 10 gusa muri Mata 2017, wari winjije US$100 million, byikubye inshuro 10 amakuru ya Super Mario Run. Mu mwaka wa mbere, yari yinjije hafi US$300 million nk'uko byatangajwe n'umunara wa Sensor. === ''Kwambuka inyamaswa: Inkambi yo mu mufuka'' (2017) === Kwambuka inyamaswa: Inkambi y’umufuka yarekuwe mu Kwakira 2017. Ukurikije urukurikirane rw'inyamanswa, umukino ni umukino wo kwigana ufite umukinnyi ukora akazi ko kwibeshaho no guteza imbere urugo rwabo mumujyi wuzuyemo ibiremwa bya antropomorphique. Kimwe na Fire Emblem Intwari, Nintendo yakoresheje uburyo bwubusa-gukina, yemerera abakinnyi kugura ibintu-byimikino bigabanya ibikorwa bya cooldown timers. Umutwe wakuweho inshuro zirenga miliyoni 15 mugihe cyicyumweru cyambere cyo gusohora. Sensor Tower yagereranije umukino urenga US$50 million yinjiza mu gihe cy’amezi 10 uhereye igihe wasohotse. === ''Dragalia Yatakaye'' (2018) === Dragalia Lost ni umukino wibikorwa byo gukina wakozwe na Cygames. Byatangajwe muri Mata 2018, bitangizwa mu Buyapani, Tayiwani, no muri Amerika ku ya 27 Nzeri 2018. Muri Nyakanga 2019, umukino winjije miliyoni US$ . Dragalia Lost yafunzwe ku ya 30 Ugushyingo 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nintendo Support: Dragalia Lost End of Service Announcement |url=https://en-americas-support.nintendo.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/58222/~/dragalia-lost-end-of-service-announcement#:~:text=The%20Dragalia%20Lost%20smart%20device,Time%20on%20August%2029,%202022. |access-date=2022-09-26 |website=en-americas-support.nintendo.com}}</ref> === ''Dr. Mario Isi'' (2019) === Muri Mutarama 2019, Nintendo yatangaje ko Dr. Mario World, igice cy’uruhererekane rwa Dr. Mario, azasohoka ku bikoresho bya iOS na Android, byakozwe na Nintendo EPD, Line Corporation, na NHN Entertainment. Umukino wabanje gusohoka ku ya 9 Nyakanga 2019, mu turere 59, kandi ukurikiza inzira yashyizweho na Candy Crush Saga. Kimwe na Dr. Mario, abakinnyi bagerageza gukuraho virusi yamabara kuri stade bahuza capsules yamabara 2 mumikino yumukino-3. Aho kugira ngo umukino urangire, Dr. Mario World akurikiza uburyo bwimikino igendanwa yashyizweho na Candy Crush Saga, hamwe na buri rwego rwashizweho numubare uhamye hamwe na virusi na blok, kandi umukinnyi asabwa kuzuza urwego afite aho agarukira umubare wa capsules. Monetization nayo isa na Candy Crush Saga - umukinnyi yinjiza ibiceri mumikino kandi ashobora gukoresha amafaranga yisi yose kuri diyama, byombi birashobora gukoreshwa mugugura imbaraga zidasanzwe, cyangwa abaganga bashya nka Dr. Peach, Dr Yoshi, na Dr. Toad buri wese hamwe nubuhanga bwe bwihariye. Ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2021, Nintendo yatangaje ko bazarangiza serivisi z'umukino guhera ku ya 31 Ukwakira 2021 ariko ntibatanga impamvu y'impamvu. == Izindi porogaramu zigendanwa == === Nintendo Hindura Ababyeyi === Ubuzima bwa Nintendo Ababyeyi ni porogaramu igendanwa ya porogaramu ya Nintendo. Nubwo konsole ubwayo ikubiyemo igenamigambi risanzwe ryababyeyi, porogaramu itangira ibintu byongeweho nk'uko gukurikirana ibikorwa byo gukina umukino wabakoresha abana, gushiraho igihe ntarengwa cya buri munsi, nigikorwa cyo guhagarika software. Igenamiterere risanzwe ryababyeyi rishobora kandi gushyirwaho ukoresheje iyi porogaramu. Ibi birashoboka binyuze kuri konte yabana yanditswe kuri konte ya Nintendo. Porogaramu yatangije hamwe na Nintendo Switch muri Werurwe 2017. === Nintendo Hindura Kumurongo === Mugihe Nintendo Switch ifite imikorere itandukanye kumurongo no kumurongo, Nintendo yahisemo gukoresha porogaramu igendanwa yihariye, Nintendo Switch Online, kubintu nko kuganira kumajwi yumukino, kongera inshuti, no gucunga serivise yo kwiyandikisha kuri Switch Online kugirango ubone ibintu byinshi byateye imbere. Nk’uko Fils-Aimé abitangaza ngo bifuzaga gukoresha porogaramu igendanwa kuri ibyo bintu kugira ngo abakinnyi bashobore kwifashisha ibikoresho byabo bigendanwa byari bisanzwe bigenewe ibintu nko kuganira ku majwi, no gukuraho bimwe mu bibazo by'ubukererwe abakinnyi bashobora guhura nabyo niba bakinaga Switch muburyo bwayo. Iyi porogaramu yasohotse muri Nyakanga 2017 mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe. Porogaramu yatangijwe byoroshye muri Nyakanga 2017, hamwe no gusohora Splatoon 2. Verisiyo yuzuye ya porogaramu yasohotse muri Nzeri 2018. === WeChat === Nubwo Nintendo Switch yashyiriwe ku mugaragaro muri gahunda ya kuboza 2019, yakurikiwe n'ikigo cyo kubona ubushinwa bw'Ubushinwa mu Bushinwa, kuko byari bikwiye ku bantu ba Tencent. Ibyo bijyanye n'ibice bya Switch bigaragara ku mugabane w'Ubushinwa, ariko ntibibura inkunga yo kwinjira muri konti ya Nintendo. Kugira ngo abashinwa babone ubumenyi bwe, hari ibiherutsa bakoresha igenzura ry'ibikoresho bya Nintendo Switch kandi Switch Online mobile, buri wese akaba na we ashobora kubona izindi nzego zikurikira muri byo bakoresha. Tencent yagize serivisi za Nintendo mu kuzamuka kwa WeChat, ikaba yashyiramo izindi widgets cyangwa "mini progaramu" mu porogaramu yayo, zikorana neza na WeChat mu sisitemu ya Nintendo. Iyo mpamvu, Tencent yatangiye gukora ibyo byose kugira ngo izindi porogaramu zifashishwe neza muri Nintendo Switch. Ntibyabuze kandi, Tencent yasimbuye serivisi za Nintendo, ikora ibyo byose ku mugaragaro wa WeChat mu Bushinwa. Ibi byose byatumye abashinwa bari muri Nintendo Switch badufashije ku buryo bworoshye, bivuze kubaho mu kwemeza no kwitabira imikorere y'ubushinwa bwabo. Kuri topi y'ibyo, Tencent yatangiye kwishyira hamwe no gukomeza kubaka ubushobozi bwo gukurikirana imibare yo gukina kuri Impeta, ndetse no gushyigikira imikorere yihariye y'imikino.<ref name="Tencent Switch support page">{{Cite web |title=监护管理设置（监护人设定的使用限制） |url=https://www.nintendoswitch.com.cn/support/parentalcontrols/index.html |access-date=April 12, 2021 |publisher=Mainland China Nintendo Switch support page for Parental Controls |language=Chinese}}</ref> == Ingaruka z'ubucuruzi == Nyuma y’isohoka rya Pokémon Go, ubushobozi bw’i Nintendo bwitabiriye ku buryo bukomeye. Agaciro ka Nintendo kiyongereyeho US$17 billion, bishimangira akamaro k’imikino y’imikino igendanwa muri sosiyete. Isosiyete yatangaje ko hafi ¥20 billion z'amayero yinjije mu mwaka w'ingengo y'imari wa 2016 yavuye mu mikino ngendanwa, mu gihe mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y'umwaka w'ingengo y'imari wa 2017, havuzwe ko agera ¥17.6 billion. Nubwo iyi mibare itujuje neza amafaranga yateganijwe, Nintendo yemeje ko ikomeje gukomera ku ngamba zigendanwa mu rwego rwo gufasha kuyobora abakora telefone zigendanwa kugura imashini zabo n’imikino. Mu mpera za Werurwe 2018, imikino yabo igendanwa yari imaze kwinjiza ¥39.3 billion, yiyongereyeho 172% guhera muri 2017. Kimishimma yagize ati:<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kerr |first=Chris |date=May 1, 2018 |title=Nintendo hasn't achieved 'satisfactory profit' on mobile |url=http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/317359/Nintendo_hasnt_achieved_satisfactory_profit_on_mobile.php |access-date=May 1, 2018 |website=Gamasutra |archive-date=May 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180501230558/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/317359/Nintendo_hasnt_achieved_satisfactory_profit_on_mobile.php |url-status=dead}}</ref> Muri 2017, Rob Fahey, umuhanzi wo mu mikino Industry.biz, yavuze ko intsinzi mu bucuruzi mu mikino ngendanwa ya Nintendo itagenze neza uko bishoboka kose. Yizera ko mu gihe Intwari za Fire Emblem zimaze kwimuka kuri mobile neza, Nintendo yari agikomeje guhangana n’uburyo bwo kuyifata IP muburyo bwa mobile, igendesha abantu gukina. Yagaragaje ko mu gihe uburyo 'Super Mario Run' bwo gukoresha amafaranga bwarwanyaga amazina menshi agendanwa, kubera ko kwambuka inyamaswa: Inkambi ya Pocket yari umukino usanzwe ukinirwa ku buntu, ariko ntiwitabweho cyane kubera ko imiterere y’imikino yayo itari isanzwe ku bikoresho bigendanwa. Muri Mutarama 2020, umunara wa Sensor wagereje ko amafaranga yinjiye mu mikino yose igendanwa ya Nintendo yagize US$1 billion, menshi muri yo akaba yavuye muri Fire Emblem Heroes hamwe na US$656 million. == References == {{Reflist}} 2jnuvrxwmg3bofiaxd4g7rck2js4qvi 0 18048 139392 121861 2026-09-23T09:11:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139392 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inanga,traditional Rwandan instrument during the introduction wedding in Kigali, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Inanga|490x490px]] [[Dosiye:Iningiri.jpg|thumb|inanga]] '''Inānga:''' ni igikoresho cy'umuziki gakondo cyacurangwaga mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], no mu bice bya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.]] Igizwe nijwi ryoroheje, ijwi ryakozwe n'urugingo runini cyane rufata imirongo hejuru kurubaho. Inanga m'ubusanzwe ifite imirongo iri hagati ya itandatu n'umunani. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Inanga |url=http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/inanga.html |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=music.africamuseum.be |quote=...the country has produced some fine inanga talent ...Thomas Kirusu (RIP), Victor Kabarira, Sentore Masamba (RIP), Vianney Mushabizi, Jules Sentore, Joseph Sebatunzi, Daniel Ngarukiye, and Sophie Nzayisenga}}</ref> == Kubaka & gukoresha == [[Dosiye:Busongora_trough_zither.jpg|thumb| Igitaramo cya inanga muri Busongora ]] Imigozi karemano yakoreshwa m'ugukora imirya; gakondo, n'amara y'inyamanswa cyangwa imitsi yakoreshwaga mugukora imirya y'inanga, ariko muri iki gihe, imigozi y'icyuma niyo ikunze gukoreshwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Inanga |url=http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/inanga.html |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=music.africamuseum.be |quote=...the country has produced some fine inanga talent ...Thomas Kirusu (RIP), Victor Kabarira, Sentore Masamba (RIP), Vianney Mushabizi, Jules Sentore, Joseph Sebatunzi, Daniel Ngarukiye, and Sophie Nzayisenga}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/inanga.html "Inanga"]. </cite></ref> Iyi migozi isanzwe ishyirwa mubice bikurikira: ''imihanuro'', imirongo ibiri yambere, ''imirya y'amajwi ihibongoza'', imirongo yo hagati, n' ''imyakiro'', imirongo ibiri yanyuma. Imirongo mu byukuri igizwe numwe gusa, muremure cyane umugozi unyuze mu mutwe. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=inanga · Grinnell College Musical Instrument Collection · WMI Testing |url=https://omeka-s.grinnell.edu/s/MusicalInstruments/item/2127 |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=omeka-s.grinnell.edu}}</ref> Hanyuma igahambirirwa ku rubingo. <ref name=":0" /> Inanga ikurikira igipimo cya pentatonike. Umukinnyi ahuza igikoresho mu gukomeza no kurekura igikoresho. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-10 |title=Inanga: Rwanda's centuries-old music instrument |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203413 |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> == Umuco == [[Dosiye:Enanga_from_Kabale.jpg|left|thumb| Urwibutso rw' inanga kuva Kabale ]] Mu bihe byashize, inanga yakinwaga cyane na bacuranzi babigize umwuga ku bayobozi; mu bisanzwe ba ririmbaga indirimbo zidasanzwe n'amateka asingiza umukunzi wabo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Inanga |url=http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/inanga.html |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=music.africamuseum.be |quote=...the country has produced some fine inanga talent ...Thomas Kirusu (RIP), Victor Kabarira, Sentore Masamba (RIP), Vianney Mushabizi, Jules Sentore, Joseph Sebatunzi, Daniel Ngarukiye, and Sophie Nzayisenga}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[http://music.africamuseum.be/instruments/english/rwanda/inanga.html "Inanga"]. </cite></ref> Abana ntibakunze kwigishwa gucuranga inanga. Mubusanzwe se abika inanga ye ahantu hagaragara, kandi umwana yiga gukina wenyine. Gukina Inanga mu bisanzwe bifatwa nk'igikorwa cya bagabo, <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-10 |title=Inanga: Rwanda's centuries-old music instrument |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203413 |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203413 "Inanga: Rwanda's centuries-old music instrument"]. </cite></ref> kandi abakinnyi b' inanga bazwi cyane ni abagabo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-11-20 |title=The Inanga musical instrument |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/104938 |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> Mu Burundi, inanga yari isanzwe ikinirwa umwami wo mu Burundi baruhuka n'ijoro. Inanga nayo yakinishijwe [[inka]], kuko byatekerezaga ko zikunda amajwi meza yayo. Aho ifatwa nk'igikoresho cya mbere cy'avumbuwe mu gihugu. [[Dosiye:Inanga 23.jpg|thumb|inanga]] Mu Rwanda, inanga ifatwa nkakimwe mu bikoresho bya muzika by'ingenzi kandi byubahwa. Bamwe mu bakinnyi b'inanga bakomeye bo mu Rwanda barimo: Thomas Kirusu, Victor Kabarira, [[SENTORE Athanase|Sentore]] Masamba, Vianney Mushabizi, Jules Sentore, Joseph Sebatunzi, Daniel Ngarukiye, na Sophie Nzayisenga. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2016-09-10 |title=Inanga: Rwanda's centuries-old music instrument |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203413 |access-date=2021-07-16 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] 5tf0t01fgm1kl742m93d0fhjkw9jbd8 0 18187 139246 111539 2026-09-23T07:30:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139246 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mountain in Rutsiro district, western Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Imisozi yo muri Rutsiro]] [[Dosiye:The 3rd beautiful Rwandan Bridge to prosperity at Rutsiro district, cfr 0788836386.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro cyubatswe muri Rutsiro]] Kayitesi Dativa ni umwe mu bagore bari muri Politiki bakiri bato, yabaye umuhuzabikorwa w'inama y'igihugu y'abagore mu ntara y' Uburengerazuba, ndetse abaye n'umukozi w'imari mu ishami rya IPRC Karongi. ubu akaba ari umuyobozi w'akarere ka Rutsiro yatowe ku italiki ya 7 ukuboza 2023 . ubwo bamutoreraga rimwe na nyobozi nshya isimbura iyari yasheshwe izira kutuzuza inshingano. [[Dosiye:RutsiroDist.png|center|thumb|Aho akarere ka rutsiro gaherereye]] Kayitesi Dativa niwe uyobora akarere ka Rutsiro nubwo nta gihe kinini aramara ariko avuga ko azagerageza kumva abaturajye ndetse no kugira ahantu ajyeza aka karere nubwo kabarirwa mu turere dukennye mu Rwanda,avuga ko yiteguye kuzana impinduka muri aka karere ka Rutsiro hamwe no gukorana neza Nabo bakorana mubuyobozi ndetse n'abaturage ayoboye muri Rusange.[https://igihe.com/politiki/article/urugendo-rwa-meya-kayitesi-umwe-mu-bato-bafite-inzozi-ndende-muri-politiki] lwarbhc0n1asxi5u08zi8pyqnnvc0as 0 18220 139257 135545 2026-09-23T07:32:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139257 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Girls practicing sport after Covid-19 lockdown in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umukino wa basketball]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|numunyarwandakazi yavukiye mumujyi wa kigali ninaho yakuriye]] '''Micomyiza Rosine''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Micomyiza Rosine yakiniye ikipe ya [[APR WBBC]] mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Micomyiza Rosine yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa [[FERWAFA|FERWABA]], Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Micomyiza Rosine yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9577/sports/basketball/fiba-womens-afrobasket-nigerias-rena-wakama-a-symbol-of-empowerment</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12760/sports/basketball/awbl-are-reg-women-up-to-the-task</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] px65uuq057i7a4rmlfqvpbedvhfwjpb 0 18221 139267 137743 2026-09-23T07:33:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139267 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mwizerwa Faustine''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Mwizerwa Faustine yakiniye ikipe ya [[APR WBBC]] mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Micomyiza Rosine yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Mwizerwa Faustine yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9577/sports/basketball/fiba-womens-afrobasket-nigerias-rena-wakama-a-symbol-of-empowerment</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12760/sports/basketball/awbl-are-reg-women-up-to-the-task</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo mu Rwanda]] 7mq25e0if7hvtaiicfyu0r93udvn7f3 0 18222 139268 138167 2026-09-23T07:33:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kiyobe chantal''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Kiyobe chantal yakiniye ikipe ya [[APR WBBC]] mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Micomyiza Rosine yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Kiyobe chantal yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9577/sports/basketball/fiba-womens-afrobasket-nigerias-rena-wakama-a-symbol-of-empowerment</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12760/sports/basketball/awbl-are-reg-women-up-to-the-task</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] saer5waxwy3rp795f2gggwb3rrei2xj 0 18223 139159 135048 2026-09-23T03:12:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139159 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Girls practicing sport after Covid-19 lockdown in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umukino wa basketball]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|mushikiwabo numunyarwandakazi yavukiye murwanda mumujyi wa kigali]] '''Mushikiwabo Sandrine''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko.<ref>https://news.ihirwe.com/2025/08/top-8-most-beautiful-rwandan-female.html</ref> MMushikiwabo Sandrine yakiniye ikipe ya IPRC Huye WBBC, ubu akinira ikipe ya REG WBBC mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Mushikiwabo Sandrine yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket.Mushikiwabo Sandrine yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Mushikiwabo Sandrine ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-women-basketball-club-yasinyishije-abakinnyi-batatu-barimo-feza-ebengo-wakiniraga-ikipe-ya-the-hoops-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12760/sports/basketball/awbl-are-reg-women-up-to-the-task</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] og63bqoas5mxf0g8kadgkdxnfyvsf10 0 18224 139269 137533 2026-09-23T07:34:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139269 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Basketball, 1. Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga, ChemCats Chemnitz LR10 by Stepro IMG 7684.jpg|thumb|Odile]] '''Tetero Odile''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Tetero Odile yakiniye ikipe ya IPRC Huye WBBC, ubu akinira ikipe ya REG WBBC mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Tetero Odile yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Tetero Odile yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Tetero Odile ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/reg-women-basketball-club-yasinyishije-abakinnyi-batatu-barimo-feza-ebengo-wakiniraga-ikipe-ya-the-hoops-rwanda/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] gmdoo9wsxqef9aggwa7v6yc7jjg9jhw 0 18225 139215 137989 2026-09-23T07:20:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Basketball, 1. Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga, ChemCats Chemnitz LR10 by Stepro IMG 7684.jpg|thumb|Nadine]] '''Rutagengwa Nadine''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi uzobereye mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko. Rutagengwa Nadine yakiniye ikipe ya [[APR WBBC]] mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Rutagengwa Nadine yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Rutagengwa Nadine yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12760/sports/basketball/awbl-are-reg-women-up-to-the-task</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9577/sports/basketball/fiba-womens-afrobasket-nigerias-rena-wakama-a-symbol-of-empowerment</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] gtdhcx5kyelxvqramsl1vc364z3vrsy 0 18236 139270 138121 2026-09-23T07:34:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139270 wikitext text/x-wiki Cyuzuzo Rebecca ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko, yakiniye ikipe agiye atandukanye ubu akinira ikipe ya THE HOOPS mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore.<ref>https://ferwaba.web.geniussports.com/competitions/?WHurl=%2Fcompetition%2F37985%2Fleaders</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] 8v7pbjdt7vlk6xhifljc0pvtiuy1fzv 0 18238 139247 104241 2026-09-23T07:30:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iradukunda Charlotte''' ni umugore akaba ari umunyarwandakazi mu gukina imikono igiye itandukanye harimo imikini y'amaboko, yakiniye ikipe agiye atandukanye ubu akinira ikipe ya THE HOOPS mu marushanwa agiye atandukanye. Yakinnye shampiyona y’igihugu ya Basketball I tegurwa FERWABA, Ishyirahamwe rya Basketball mu Rwanda, ndetse nibindi bikombe bitandukanye harimo igikombe cy'amahoro, igikombe cya gaciro, n' igikombe gitegurwa na FIBA Women's AfroBasket. Yitabiriye amarushanwa agiye tandukanye ku rwego rwa afurika nki rushanwa ry'imikino ya shampion league mu mukino wa basketball y'[[Umugore|abagore]]. Ni umukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu yabasketball y'abagore.<ref>https://ferwaba.web.geniussports.com/competitions/?WHurl=%2Fcompetition%2F37985%2Fleaders</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Siporo ya basketball]] 3sv42fom1624mozcss25xdo2qkc61c8 0 18306 139174 135547 2026-09-23T03:14:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139174 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Female_Aircraft_Engineers,_Kwara_State,_Nigeria.jpg|thumb|240x240px| Abashakashatsi b'indege b'abagore, Leta ya Kwara, Nijeriya]] Ku isi yose, abagore ahanini ntibahagarariwe mubice bijyanye n' ubumenyi n' ikoranabuhanga; uku kudahagararirwa kugaragara cyane muri Afrika aho abagore bahagarariwe munsi ya 20% byabakozi muri izi nzego. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=AWSE |url=http://www.aawse.org/ |access-date=2024-04-29 |archive-date=2018-02-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211165109/http://www.aawse.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Abagore b'Abanyafurika mu bijyanye na injeniyeringi n' ikoransbuhanga n' ibijyana nabyo, bakunze kwibasirwa n'ivangura no guteshwa agaciro mu bihugu bya Afurika. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=105}}</ref> Tutitaye kubyo kubura guhagararirwa mubikorwa bijyanye na STEM, hariho abashakashatsi benshi b'abagore baturutse kumugabane. <ref name=":0" /> Byongeye kandi, imiryango itari mike muri Afurika no hanze yayo irakora ibishoboka ngo hagabanuke itandukaniro riri hagati y’abakozi. <ref name=":0" /> == Abagore bazwi cyane bo muri Afrika mubuhanga == === Afurika y'Amajyaruguru === [[Dosiye:Akissa_Bahri_-_Sustainable_Development_Goal_6_-_Panel_2018.png|thumb|254x254px| Akissa Bahri]] Tyseer Aboulnasr ni umunjeniyeri wamashanyarazi ukomoka muri Egiputa. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Bakry |first=Omar |date=2021-08-04 |title=4 Egyptian Women Who are Breaking All Gender Stereotypes as Engineers |url=https://www.el-shai.com/4-egyptian-women-engineers/ |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=El-Shai |language=en-US}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri kaminuza ya Cairo na master na Ph.D. wo muri kaminuza ya Mwamikazi, [[Kingston]], Kanada. <ref name=":1" /> Yahoze ari Umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubumenyi ngiro muri kaminuza ya British Columbia School of Engineering, ndetse n'umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubwubatsi muri kaminuza ya Ottawa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Canadian Academy of Engineering / L'Académie canadienne du génie |url=https://www.cae-acg.ca/directory/ |access-date=2022-10-31 |language=en-US}}</ref> Akissa Bahri ni injeniyeri w’ubuhinzi uvuka muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] kandi yahoze ari umwarimu mu kigo cy’ubuhinzi n’igihugu cya Tuniziya. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Akissa Bahri |url=https://iwa-network.org/people/akissa-bahri/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=International Water Association |language=en}}</ref> Yize mu kigo cy’igihugu cya Polytechnic Institute of Toulouse kugira ngo abone impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza, nyuma abona impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. wo muri kaminuza ya Lund muri Suwede mu bijyanye n’amazi y’amazi. <ref name=":12" /> Najla Bouden ni umuhanga mu bumenyi bw' isi wo muri Tuniziya kugezubu ni Minisitiri w’intebe wa Tuniziya. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2021-09-29 |title=Tunisia's president names Najla Bouden as country's first female PM |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/sep/29/tunisias-president-names-najla-bouden-as-countrys-first-female-pm |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. mubuhanga bwa geologiya kuva ''École des Mines de Paris''. <ref name=":2" /> Perezida yise minisitiri w’intebe, maze atangira imirimo ye ku ya 11 Ukwakira 2021, yabaye umugore wa mbere wabaye minisitiri w’intebe mu bihugu by’abarabu. <ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Najla_Bouden.png|thumb|185x185px| Najla Bouden]] Zeinab Elobeid Yousif yari enjeniyeri windege muri Sudani. <ref name=":25" /> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi bw'indege yakuye muri kaminuza ya Kingston mu 1995. <ref name=":25" /> Niwe mugore wa mbere wabonye iyi mpamyabumenyi. <ref name=":25">ﺷﻀﻮﺍﻥ, ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ. "انتقلت الى الرفيق الاعلى بالعاصمة البريطانية لندن ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﻴﺪ ﻳﻮﺳﻒ ﺷﻀﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ ﻃﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ -". ''www.nadus.de''. Retrieved 2022-04-07.</ref> [[Dosiye:Zeinab_Elobeid_Yousif.jpg|thumb|185x185px| Zeinab Elobeid Yousif]] [[Dr. Awatef Hamed|Awatef Hamed]] numu Enjeniyeri wo mu byerekeye ikirere wo muri Egiputa. <ref name=":1"/> Kugeza ubu ni umushakashatsi muri kaminuza ya Cincinnati, yiga ikoranabuhanga rya moteri. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Aerospace director Awatef Hamed builds on 43 years at UC |url=https://magazine.uc.edu/:8443https//magazine.uc.edu/issues/1011/hamed.html |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=University of Cincinnati |language=en-US}}</ref> Dr. Hamed ni umugore wambere uyoboye ishami ryindege rya kaminuza. Yatangiye kuba umuyobozi w'ishuri rya kaminuza ya Cincinnati's Aerospace Systems School muri 2001 nyuma yo kuyigayo ubwe mu 1968. <ref name=":3" /> Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera ubushakashatsi yakoze asuzuma ibyuma bifata umuyaga wa turbine ndetse n'isuri yabyo bitewe n'uduce duto two mu kirere. Yabonye inkunga irenga miliyoni 25 z'amadolari iturutse muri Ohio Research Scholar awards mu 2008. <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":3" /> === Afurika y'Iburasirazuba === [[Dosiye:Nasra_Agil,_owner_of_Mogadishu's_first_dollar_store,_stands_among_her_products_in_the_Somali_capital_on_January_20._AU_UN_IST_PHOTO_-_Tobin_Jones_(12084954593).jpg|thumb|185x185px| Nasra Agil]] Nasra Agil ni umu Enjeniyeri m'ubwubatsi wa Somaliya-Kanada. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Nasra Agil: A Canadian civil engineer rises to next level |url=https://www.hiiraan.com/news2/2011/july/nasra_agil_a_canadian_civil_engineer_rises_to_next_level.aspx |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.hiiraan.com}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Ryerson, ibi bikaba ari bimwe mu byanditswe mbere byerekana ko umugore ukomoka muri [[Somaliya]] yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri Kanada. <ref name=":4" /> Dr. Gertrude Mwangala Akapelwa ni umu Enjeniyeri wa sisitemu ukomoka muri Zambiya. <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-23 |title=Zambia National Commercial Bank PLC (ZMBAY.PK) People {{!}} Reuters.com |url=https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171123230232/https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/company-officers/ZMBAY.PK |archive-date=2017-11-23 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu mibare n’uburezi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Zambiya, impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buyobozi bwa Leta yakuye muri kaminuza ya Harvard, na dogitora mu burezi buhanitse yakuye muri kaminuza ya Liverpool. <ref name=":5" /> Yafashije gushinga kandi ubu akora nka Visi-Perezida wa kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Victoria Falls. <ref name=":5" /> Winnie Byanyima numu injeniyeri windege ya Uganda. <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |title=Winnie Byanyima, UNAIDS Executive Director |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/aboutunaids/unaidsleadership/bios/winnie-byanyima |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi bw'indege yakuye muri kaminuza ya Manchester. Yabaye umugore wa mbere wa Uganda wabonye impamyabumenyi muri uru rwego; yakuye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubukanishi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Cranfield. <ref name=":6" /> Kugeza ubu akora nk'umuyobozi mukuru wa UNAIDS nyuma yo gushyirwaho muri 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNAIDS welcomes the appointment of Winnie Byanyima as its new Executive Director |url=https://www.unaids.org/en/resources/presscentre/pressreleaseandstatementarchive/2019/august/20190814_unaids-exd |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.unaids.org |language=en}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Winnie_Byanyima_2_(cropped).jpg|thumb|212x212px| Winnie Byanyima]] Natalie Payida Jabangwe numu injeniyeri wa mudasobwa ya Zimbabwe. <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2016-12-04 |title=Celebrating women in leadership: Natalie Jabangwe |url=https://thestandard.newsday.co.zw/2016/12/04/zim-scale-hiv-prevention-interventions/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The Standard |language=en-US |archive-date=2021-10-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211030093058/https://thestandard.newsday.co.zw/2016/12/04/zim-scale-hiv-prevention-interventions/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na mudasobwa muri kaminuza ya Middlesex ndetse n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi yakuye muri Imperial College London. <ref name=":7" /> Ikigo cy’Abafaransa cyamwise umwe mu “Abayobozi 100 b’ubukungu muri Afurika ejo hazaza” muri 2018. <ref>Institut Choiseul (July 2019). "Choiseul 100 Africa: The Economic Leaders for Tomorrow (2018)" (PDF). ''[[Institut Choiseul for International Politics and Geoeconomics]]''. Paris, France. Retrieved 9 August 2021.</ref> [[Germaine Kamayiresi|Germaine Kamayirese]] numu injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi yu Rwanda. <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=2014-07-31 |title=Meet the new female faces in cabinet |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/77275 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The New Times {{!}} Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi yakuye mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali, ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu micungire y’itumanaho na KIST na kaminuza ya Coventry. <ref name=":8" /> Mu 2014 yagizwe Minisitiri w’igihugu ushinzwe ibikorwa remezo by’ingufu, amazi, n’isuku; Yayoboye ibikorwa by’isuku, kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi, n’ibindi bikorwa remezo by’u Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |title=The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/04/the-20-youngest-power-women-in-africa-2014/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Nzambi_Matee.jpg|thumb|185x185px| Nzambi Matee]] Frannie Léautier numu injeniyeri wububatsi wa Tanzaniya. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam, impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu gutwara abantu, na Ph.D. muri Civil Engineering kuva muri Massachusetts Institute of Technology. <ref name=":9" /> Kuva mu ntangiriro ya 90 kugeza mu mpera za 2000, yakoraga muri Banki y'Isi ashinzwe Ikigo cya Banki y'Isi mu myaka itandatu ishize. <ref>Jenny Lei Ravelo (24 October 2017), Who is on the shortlist for Global Fund's new executive director? ''[[Devex]]''.</ref> Nzambi Matee numu injeniyeri wa Kenya. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |title=Kenyan startup founder Nzambi Matee recycles plastic to make bricks that are stronger than concrete |url=https://worldarchitecture.org/article-links/egmeg/kenyan-startup-founder-nzambi-matee-recycles-plastic-to-make-bricks-that-are-stronger-than-concrete.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=World Architecture Community |language=en}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri fiziki ikoreshwa muri kaminuza y’ubuhinzi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Jomo Kenyatta. <ref name=":10" /> Muri 2017 yaretse akazi ko gusesengura amakuru maze ashinga Gjenge Makers, yibanda ku guhindura bigoye gutunganya plastiki mu matafari akomeye kuruta beto. <ref name=":10" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-04 |title=Here is how this Kenyan factory is recycling plastic waste into bricks |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/trending/trending-globally/kenyan-recycles-plastic-waste-into-bricks-stronger-than-concrete-7172801/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Ndèye_Tické_Ndiaye_Diop_2021_(cropped).jpg|thumb|259x259px| Ndèye Tické Ndiaye Diop]] === Afurika yo hagati === Therese Izay-Kirongozi numu injeniyeri winganda. <ref name=":15">{{Cite web |title=RDC : Thérèse Izay et son robot 100 % " made in Kin " – Jeune Afrique |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/274151/economie/rdc-therese-izay-et-son-robot-100-made-in-kin/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=JeuneAfrique.com |language=fr-FR}}</ref> Yize mu Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuhanga bukoreshwa. <ref name=":15" /> Azwi cyane nk'uwashizeho robot zo mu muhanda zifasha mu kugenzura ibinyabiziga i [[Kinshasa]], [[umurwa]] mukuru wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. <ref name=":15" /> Dr. Ngalula Mubenga numu injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi wa congo. <ref name=":16">{{Cite web |title=Ngalula Mubenga |url=https://www.utoledo.edu/engineering/engineering-technology/people/ngalula-mubenga.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.utoledo.edu}}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza, icyiciro cya gatatu cya kaminuza, n'icya dogiteri mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi yakuye muri kaminuza ya Toledo. <ref name=":16" /> Mu 2017 yashyizweho na perezida wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo nk'umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi ya sosiyete y'igihugu ishinzwe amashanyarazi mu gihugu, ''Société Nationale d'Électricité''. <ref name=":16" /> [[Mbu Waindim]] numugore wo muri Kameruni wabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse yo muri Saker Baptist College. <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |date=2017-11-23 |title=Meet Mbu Waindim, Cameroon's first Aerospace Engineer with a PhD |url=https://ayuketah.wordpress.com/2017/11/23/meet-mbu-waindim-cameroons-first-aerospace-engineer/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=EM Production |language=en}}</ref> Yakomeje kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga mu kirere n’ubumenyi bw’imibare mu 2012. <ref name=":17" /> Nyuma, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga na Ph.D. yakuye muri kaminuza ya leta ya Ohio mubuhanga bwindege kandi abaye umugore wa mbere wo muri Kameruni wabikoze. <ref name=":17" /> Yakoze muri NASA no muri Airforce yo muri Amerika. <ref name=":17" /> [[Dosiye:Premiere_Dame_du_Niger,_Aissata_Issoufou.JPG|thumb|244x244px| Aissata Issoufou]] [[Veliswa Boya]] numwe mubashakashatsi ba mbere ba Afrika yepfo. <ref name=":18">{{Cite web |title=Meet Veliswa Boya, one of SA's first black female cloud engineers |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/664/195149.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Bizcommunity |language=en}}</ref> Akora nk'umuvugizi mukuru wunganira abaterankunga hamwe n’umubano w’abateza imbere bayobora mu gice cyo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara muri Afurika kuri Amazone Web Services. <ref name=":18" /> Akorana kandi akanateza imbere abaterankunga mukarere ka Afrika yo munsi yubutayu bwa Sahara - kugirango afashe ako karere guteza imbere abandi ba injeniyeri benshi. <ref name=":18" /> Amateka ya Boya akomoka mubice bitandukanye nkubuhanga, ubwubatsi, kugisha inama, no gusesengura. Yanditse urwego rwe rwa mbere rwa Associate (Solution Architecture) kandi yatsindiye igihembo cya kabiri cya Associate level Developer. <ref name=":18" /> Yabonye amahirwe mugihe Banki isanzwe ifatanije na AWS, yemerera Boya gufasha mubintu byose, harimo ingamba, igenamigambi ryimuka, hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera cyububiko. <ref name=":18" /> Bavelile Hlongwa yize ibijyanye n’imashini muri Afurika yepfo maze aba Minisitiri wungirije w’umutungo w’amabuye n’ingufu muri 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Mineral Resources Minister Bavelile Hlongwa dies {{!}} eNCA |url=https://www.enca.com/news/deputy-minerals-minister-bavelile-hlongwa-dies-car-crash |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416025057/https://www.enca.com/news/deputy-minerals-minister-bavelile-hlongwa-dies-car-crash |archive-date=2022-04-16 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.enca.com |language=en}}</ref> Usibye umwuga we w'ubuhanga, yagize uruhare muri politiki nk'umuyoboke wa Kongere y'Afurika. <ref>PROFILE Ms Bavelile Hlongwa, ''www.energy.gov.za''. Retrieved on 14 September 2019.</ref> Yabaye umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Afurika yepfo mu 2019 akomeza umurimo we kugeza apfuye nyuma yuwo mwaka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Somdyala |first=Kamva |title=Deputy minister Hlongwa was assisting overturned vehicle when she died |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/deputy-minister-hlongwa-was-assisting-overturned-vehicle-when-she-died-20190914 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=News24 |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-04-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220408033800/https://www.news24.com/news24/SouthAfrica/News/deputy-minister-hlongwa-was-assisting-overturned-vehicle-when-she-died-20190914 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Funke_Opeke_-_ITU_Telecom_World_2016_-_Industry_Leaders_Roundtable.jpg|thumb|185x185px| Funke Opeke]] Hilary Kahn (1943-2007). Yavukiye kandi akurira muri Afurika y'Epfo ariko yimukira i Newcastle, mu Bwongereza kugira ngo atangire amashuri makuru ya kaminuza, mu ntangiriro ya kera ariko arangiza 1965 muri computing, yakuye muri kaminuza ya Newcastle. Yize gukorana na mudasobwa ya KDF 9 na ALGOL nyuma aza gukorera muri kaminuza ya Manchester kuri COBOL hamwe na mudasobwa ifashwa na mudasobwa ndetse n’ubuhanga bwa software, ibyo akaba yarakomeje kubikora mu buzima bwe bwose, bituma agira uruhare mu gushushanya Manchester Sisitemu ya mudasobwa MU5 . , Kahn yayoboye imishinga myinshi yubushakashatsi ku gishushanyo mbonera cya mudasobwa no kwerekana amakuru, apfa mu 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 January 2021 |title=Oral-History:Hilary Kahn |url=https://ethw.org/Oral-History:Hilary_Kahn |access-date=13 April 2022 |website=ETHW}}</ref> Naadiya Moosajee yavukiye muri Afurika y'Epfo mu 1984, ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubwubatsi ndetse n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye no gutwara abantu n'ibintu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Cape Town. <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |last=Nsehe |first=Mfonobong |title=The 20 Youngest Power Women In Africa 2014 |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/mfonobongnsehe/2014/12/04/the-20-youngest-power-women-in-africa-2014/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> Nyuma yaje kwiga muri kaminuza ya Edinburgh, abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubucuruzi. <ref name=":19" /> Mu ntangiriro z'umwuga we, yahawe akazi ko guhuza ubwikorezi bw'abanyamuryango ba VIP n'Itangazamakuru mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA 2010. <ref name=":20">Moosajee, Naadiya. "Naadiya Moosajee: Social Entrepreneur, Engineer, Designer. Co-Founder & CEO WomEng". [[LinkedIn]]. Retrieved 07 April 2022.</ref> Yagizwe umuyobozi w’ubuyobozi ku isi n’urubyiruko Action Network kandi amara imyaka mike yakurikiyeho ari umujyanama wa Pegasys Strategy and Development. <ref name=":20" /> Mu mwaka wa 2016, yashinze WomHub, isosiyete ikora udushya ishyigikira abategarugori bakura cyane muri STEM binyuze muri laboratoire zabo zibitekerezaho, aho bakorera, ndetse n’ikigega. WomHub igira uruhare mugihe kizaza cyikoranabuhanga ritezimbere AI na Cyber Umutekano. <ref name=":20" /> Muri uwo mwaka, yateye inkunga ubutunzi bwa Turukiya, bufite resitora nyinshi zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zo muri Turukiya i Cape Town. <ref name=":20" /> Nanone, mu 2016, yatangiye uruhare rwe mu Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi nka Global Shaper. <ref name=":20" /> Donna Auguste ni rwiyemezamirimo wo muri Afurika, umugiraneza, akaba n'umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa. Yashinze software ya Freshwater Software mu 1996, isosiyete itanga ibikoresho bibafasha kuzamura umwanya wabo kuri interineti (citation). Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo kugeza agurishije Amazi meza mu 2000. Yize muri kaminuza ya Californiya i Berkeley maze abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa. Yabaye umunyamerika wambere wumunyamerika muri gahunda ya PhD muri kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon. Auguste afite amateka yubumenyi bwa mudasobwa afite tekinoloji nyinshi zijyanye nakazi, kimwe nabagiraneza. Yashinze Leave a Little Room Foundation, itanga amazu, amashanyarazi, hamwe ninkingo ku miryango ikennye ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-04-16 |title=Donna Auguste {{!}} National Center for Women & Information Technology |url=https://www.ncwit.org/profile/donna-auguste |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210416172033/https://www.ncwit.org/profile/donna-auguste |archive-date=2021-04-16 |access-date=2023-12-02}}</ref> === Afurika y'Iburengerazuba === [[Dosiye:Lucy_Quist_at_the_UK-Africa_Investment_Summit_2020_(49413138968)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|277x277px| Lucy Quist]] Mila Aziablé yavukiye i Togo kandi ni minisitiri muto muri guverinoma nshya. Yemerewe muri kaminuza ya Lomé, kaminuza nkuru y’ubuhanga. <ref name=":11" /> Yahawe buruse kubera ubuhanga bwe mu masomo, bituma yiga muri ''École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Metz .'' <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=First |first=Togo |title=Who is Mila Aziablé, the youngest minister of the new government? |url=https://www.togofirst.com/en/energy/0310-6358-who-is-mila-aziable-the-youngest-minister-of-the-new-government |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=www.togofirst.com |language=en-gb}}</ref> Agezeyo, yakuye impamyabumenyi ye mu bijyanye n'ubukanishi. Nyuma yaje kwiga muri ''Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris'' yiga ibijyanye n’ubuhanga bwa gaze. <ref name=":11" /> Muri 2018, yatangiye kwiga mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubushakashatsi bwa Politiki rya Paris maze ahabwa impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na politiki y’iterambere n’imiyoborere. <ref name=":11" /> Ndèye Tické Ndiaye Diop numu injeniyeri numunyapolitike. <ref name=":21">{{Cite web |date=2019-04-08 |title=Sénégal : Ndeye Tické Ndiaye Diop, nouvelle ministre de l'Economie numérique et des Télécoms |url=https://www.digitalbusiness.africa/senegal-ndeye-ticke-ndiaye-diop-nouvelle-ministre-de-leconomie-numerique-et-des-telecoms/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Digital Business Africa |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2019-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190419043014/https://www.digitalbusiness.africa/senegal-ndeye-ticke-ndiaye-diop-nouvelle-ministre-de-leconomie-numerique-et-des-telecoms/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ubuhanga bwe bwibanze bushingiye ku ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu burobyi. Ibi byamushoboje gutangira umwuga we nk'umunyamabanga mukuru muri minisiteri y'uburobyi no gukomeza kuba umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu cya Senegali gishinzwe ibibazo byo mu nyanja. <ref name=":21" /> Kugeza ubu ni Minisitiri w’ubukungu n’itumanaho muri Senegali akaba n'umuvugizi wa guverinoma. <ref name=":21" /> Diop yahawe kandi igihembo cya Icone mu 2016 kubera uruhare rwe nk'umugore wabishoboye muri Senegali. <ref name=":21" /> Aïssata Issoufou Mahamadou, umudamu wa mbere wa Nigeriya, ni injeniyeri y’imiti yo muri Nijeriya akaba ashyigikiye ubuvuzi. <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |date=2015-04-29 |title=Bernice King Greets Niger's First Lady at King Center {{!}} The Martin Luther King Jr. Center for Nonviolent Social Change |url=http://thekingcenter.org/news/2012-05-bernice-king-greets-nigers-first-lady-king-center |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150429120511/http://thekingcenter.org/news/2012-05-bernice-king-greets-nigers-first-lady-king-center |archive-date=2015-04-29 |access-date=2022-04-08}}</ref> Ni umwe mu bagore ba mbere bo muri Nijeriya birukanye ubumenyi bwa siyansi. <ref name=":13" /> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y’ubushakashatsi n’amabuye y'agaciro yakuye mu Ishuri ry’igihugu rya Jewoloji kandi yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri chimie yakuye muri kaminuza ya Abdou Moumouni. <ref name=":13" /> [[Dosiye:Sportsfile_(Web_Summit)_(22760584911).jpg|thumb|185x185px| Mariya Spio]] Ayorkor Korsah ni umwarimu wo muri Gana wigisha ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa na robo muri kaminuza ya Ashesi. <ref name=":26">{{Cite web |title=G. Ayorkor Korsah |url=https://www.ashesi.edu.gh/academics/228-faculty-page/2728-getrude-ayorkor-korsah.html |access-date=2023-03-09 |website=www.ashesi.edu.gh |archive-date=2023-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230308004411/https://www.ashesi.edu.gh/academics/228-faculty-page/2728-getrude-ayorkor-korsah.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanga n’ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa yakuye muri Dartmouth College na Ph.D. muri robo nubwenge bwa artile kuva muri [[kaminuza ya Carnegie Mellon]]. <ref name=":26" /> Ni umwe mu bashinze umuyoboro nyafurika wo muri Afurika (AFRON) utanga ikibazo cya "$ 10 Igishushanyo mbonera". Hamwe n’abanyamuryango baturutse mu bihugu 25 byo muri Afurika, intego ya AFRON ni uguteza imbere ubufatanye bujyanye n’ubumenyi bw’imashini n’ubushakashatsi ku mugabane wa Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 January 2017 |title=The African Robotics Network |url=https://www.disruptorawards.com/2013-honoree-blog/2017/1/19/the-african-robotics-network |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=Disruptor Awards |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Project Aims To Innovate in Educational Robotics - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/african-robotics-network |access-date=2023-03-10 |website=spectrum.ieee.org |language=en}}</ref> Funke Opeke ni injeniyeri w'amashanyarazi yavukiye muri Nijeriya yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse na master muri kaminuza ya Obafemi Awolowo na kaminuza ya Columbia. <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |date=2018-06-24 |title=These Four Nigerian Women Are #RaisingTheBar In Engineering |url=https://m.guardian.ng/life/spotlight/these-four-nigerian-women-are-raisingthebar-in-engineering/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi, yakoraga mu itumanaho rya Verizon mu gice cy’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho. <ref name=":14" /> Umusanzu wibanze wa Opeke muri Nigeriya ni ugushinga OneMain Cable Company itanga serivisi zitumanaho nibisubizo byurusobe. <ref name=":14" /> Umuyoboro wa OneMain wubatse umugozi wambere wigenga ufungura-kwinjira wa 7,000&nbsp;km ihuza Porutugali na Afrika yepfo binyuze mumihuza mumasosiyete menshi yo muri Afrika yuburengerazuba, harimo na Nigeriya. <ref name=":14" /> Lucy Quist numu injeniyeri wamashanyarazi wa Ghanain nu Bwongereza akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe ubucuruzi. <ref name=":22">{{Cite web |title=Meet Lucy Quist: the most powerful woman in Ghanaian football |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/sports/sports-news/meet-lucy-quist-the-most-powerful-woman-in-ghanaian-football.html |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> Yarangije muri kaminuza y’iburasirazuba bwa Londres afite icyubahiro cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ikoranabuhanga kandi akurikirana MBA muri Institut Européen d'Administration des Affaires mu Bufaransa. <ref name=":22" /> Mu mibereho ye yose, Quist yakoraga muri Ford Motor Company, Banki ya Royal ya Scotland, Millicom International Cellular, Vodafone, na Airtel Ghana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-08-15 |title=Airtel attributes sterling growth to deep consumer insight and connection {{!}} Companies - |url=http://thebftonline.com/companies/15619/Airtel-attributes-sterling-growth-to-deep-consumer-insight-and-connection.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815074747/http://thebftonline.com/companies/15619/Airtel-attributes-sterling-growth-to-deep-consumer-insight-and-connection.html |archive-date=2016-08-15 |access-date=2022-04-08}}</ref> <ref name=":23">{{Cite web |title=Airtel Ghana - At The Forefront of Ghana's Digital Innovation And Transformation |url=https://marcopolis.net/airtel-ghana-at-the-forefront-of-ghana-s-digital-innovation-and-transformation.htm |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=marcopolis.net |language=en-gb}}</ref> Byongeye kandi, yagize uruhare mu gushinga Quist Blue Diamond, Umuyoboro Nshingwabikorwa w’Abagore, na FreshPay, serivisi yo kwishyura muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. <ref name=":22" /> Kuri ubu Quist ni umuyobozi ucunga muri Morgan Stanley kandi aherutse gusohora igitabo yise “The Bold New Normal: Kurema Afurika aho buri wese atera imbere (2019)“. <ref name=":22" /> <ref name=":23" /> Bimwe mubyo yagezeho harimo kwitwa igice cya: Imbaraga za BBC Gahuzamiryango, Umubare wa 8 W’abantu Bakuru Bakuru (Urubuga rw’imbuga nkoranyambaga rwa Gana), Abayobozi 50 ba mbere b’abagore bayobora muri Gana (WomanRising), 58 mu bantu bakomeye muri Gana, ndetse n’ibihembo bikomeye bya Gana (2016). <ref name=":22" /> Mary Spio numu injeniyeri wo muri Gana hamwe na rwiyemezamirimo. <ref name=":24">{{Cite web |last=Adona |first=Nadia |date=2017-02-16 |title=Mary Spio |url=https://segd.org/mary-spio |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918100858/https://segd.org/mary-spio |archive-date=2020-09-18 |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=segd.org |language=en}}</ref> Nyuma yo kuvukira no gukurira muri Gana, Spio yakomereje impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi muri kaminuza ya Syracuse i New York, naho impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’amashanyarazi mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’ikoranabuhanga rya Jeworujiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mary Spio - keynote speaker |url=https://www.gspeakers.com/our-speakers/mary-spio/ |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Global Speakers Bureau |language=pl-PL}}</ref> Mu mibereho ye yose, yakoraga mu kirere cya Leta zunze ubumwe za Amerika zirwanira mu kirere, akora ku mushinga wa NASA, atanga umusanzu mu masosiyete nka Microsoft Xbox, maze aba umuyobozi wa sisitemu ya satelite muri Boeing. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Spio |first=Mary |title=Mary Spio |url=https://www.entrepreneur.com/author/mary-spio |access-date=2022-04-08 |website=Entrepreneur |language=en}}</ref> Yashinze kandi isosiyete ye bwite CEEK Virtual Reality ifite ubutumwa bwo kurushaho kugira ukuri. <ref name=":24" /> Spio kandi ni umwanditsi uzwi cyane hamwe nibisohokayandikiro nka "Ntabwo ari ubumenyi bwa roketi: Imico 7 ihindura umukino kugirango ugere ku ntsinzi idasanzwe". <ref name=":24" /> [[Dosiye:Africa_map_regions.svg|thumb| Uturere twa Afurika]] [[Dosiye:Women_engineering_graduate_students_at_St.Joseph_College_of_Engineering_and_Technology_in_Tanzania.jpg|thumb|223x223px| Abanyeshuri barangije inganda muri kaminuza ya St.Joseph College of Engineering and Technology muri Tanzaniya]] == Amashyirahamwe yabigize umwuga == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Ishirahamwe ! Igihugu |- | [https://web.archive.org/web/20180211165109/http://www.aawse.org/ Abagore b'Abanyafurika mu bumenyi n'ubuhanga] (AWSE) | [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]] |- | [http://apwen.org/ Ishyirahamwe ryabagore babigize umwuga bo muri Nigeriya (APWEN)] Archived </link> | [[Nijeriya]] |- | [http://www.sawise.uct.ac.za/ Ishyirahamwe ryabagore bo muri Afrika yepfo mubumenyi nubuhanga] | [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] |- | [https://www.womeng.org/ Abagore mu Buhanga (WomEng)] | [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] |- | [https://www.womhub.com/ WomHub] | [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] |- | [https://www.nepad.org/blog/heightening-participation-of-african-women-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics Ikigo Nyafurika gishinzwe iterambere (AURA-NEPAD)] | [https://www.nepad.org/blog/heightening-participation-of-african-women-science-technology-engineering-and-mathematics Afurika y'Epfo] |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] qjen6io773v4bg9a8qex6nex5cmce8r 0 18331 139271 105261 2026-09-23T07:34:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139271 wikitext text/x-wiki Mugisha Prince uzwi kw'izina rya the Nature, numuhanzi winjiye mu muziki nyuma yo kubona abamufasha asohora extended play(EP) ye yambere. uyu muhanzi yavutse tariki 2 ukuboza 1999, akaba avuka mumuryango wabana babiri akaba yarasoje amashuri yisumbuye. Uyu muhanzi numwe mubahanzi bafite abavandimwe mu muziki barimo umuraperi ish kevin, logan joe. The nature avugako yakuze ashaka kuzaba umukinnyi wumupira ariko impano yumuziki niyo yabashije gukunda akayikurikirana.avugako ku myaka 15 aribwo yatangiye kwiyumvamo impano y'umuziki n'ababyeyi be bamubwirako bazamushyigikira. The nature yavuze murwego rwo rwo kwinjira mu muziki neza, yahisemo gufata umwanya uhagije kugirango atunganye EP ye yambere yise "umva vibe". Irimo indirimbo nka:' waitress' yakoranye na gabiro guitar, 'mfatirana','slay', ndetse na chance. The nature avugako gukorana EP ye yambere na gabiro guitar byaturutse kubushuti bari basanzwe bafitanye. Uyu muhanzi The nature akaba asaba aba nyarwanda gukomeza kumushyigikira murugendo rwe rw'umuziki.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/111978/the-nature-umuhanzi-mushya-winjiranye-ep-mu-muziki-video-111978.html</ref> c4uqu86ht8ju6n7fk8kd3b8dswc6xfr 0 19012 139272 136948 2026-09-23T07:36:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139272 wikitext text/x-wiki == Isuri == Isuri ni kimwe mu bibazo byangiza ibidukikije mu Rwanda iki kibazo giterwa ni imvura nyishi kikaba gikunze ku boneka muri tumwe mu turere tw' uRwanda cyane cyane udifite imisozi ihanamye urugero nka Rulindo ndetse n' utundi dutandukanye ''IBICE ISURI IKUNDA KWIBASIRA MU RWANDA NI NGARUKA ZAYO'' Mu Rwanda imiterere yarwo iratunganye hari igice cy' imisozi, utununga ,ibibaya, n'imisozi ihanamye n'ibindi bitandukanye. isuri mu misozi ihanamye Mu bice bitandukanye by' iguhu by 'umwihariko mu misozi ihanamye hagaragara isuri kurita ahandi harimo uturere twa nyamasheke, Rulindo, Rusizi hamwe nu utundi dufite imisozi ihanamye mu bice by 'iguhu bitandukanye Zimwe mu ngaruka z'isuri: Ø  Iyangiraka ry'ibikorwa remezo nka imihanda ,amashuri ndetse n'ibindi Ø  Isuri yangiza imyaka ya abaturage n 'imirima y'abo. Ø  Kwangirika ku urusobe rw'ibimera Ø  Hari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bipfa byishwe n'isure. Ø  Isuri itera inkangu Ø  Isuri ishobora kuterAimpfu z' abantu ''NI GUTE TWA KWIRINDA TUKANAKUMIRA ISURI'' Mu Rwanda hamaze kugaraga ko isuri ari ikabazo hakozwe bimwe mi bikorwa byo kuyirwanya no kurengera ibidukikije n'urosobe rw'ibinyabuzima muri rusange hacukurwa imiringoti, ibyobo bifata amazi, amaterasi yindinganire, hatewe ibiti n'ibyatsi bifata amazi, hakorwa imiyoboro ya amazi indi igenda isiburwa ndetse ni ibindi bkorwa bitandukanye bigamije kurwanya isuri no kubungabunga ibidukikije Amashakiro <ref>https://www.minema.gov.rw/news-detail/ubutumwa-bugenewe-abaturarwanda-mu-gihe-cyimvura-yumuhindo-mu-rwego-rwo-kwirinda-ibiza</ref> <ref><nowiki>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-60429328</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:Isuri.jpg|thumb|ISURI]] <ref>"Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2022-03-30.</ref> 6lcqbm5srf0f36zgyz32i2dzxbhidcq 0 19118 139464 138419 2026-09-23T09:48:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139464 wikitext text/x-wiki == Inkangu == [[Dosiye:Mining dump.jpg|thumb|Inkangu|167x167px]] [[Dosiye:Landslide in Cusco, Peru - 2018.jpg|thumb|146x146px|Inkangu]] [[Dosiye:Nefyn marine landslide - coastal erosion as a result of Climate Change - Wales 19 April 2021 16.jpg|thumb|149x149px|Inkangu]] Inkangu biterwa n’ibikorwa by’abaantu mu [[Rwanda]] (imihingire mibi, gutema amashyamba no kwangiza ibidukikije) byarushijeho gukaza ingaruka z’imyuzure ku baturage. Muri Nzeli 2008, imvura nyinshi n’inkubi z’imiyaga byagize ingaruka ku mu Mirenge 8 kuri 12 y’Akarere ka Rubavu: Gisenyi, Rubavu, Rugerero, Nyamyumba, Nyundo, Cyanzarwe, Nyakiriba na Kanama. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/iyo-umwana-agwingiye-kugeza-ku-myaka-ibiri-ntakira-minisante</ref><ref>https://rba.co.rw/post/Min-Mujawamariya-Hakenewe-ubufatanye-bwinzego-mu-kubungabunga-ibidukikije#google_vignette</ref> == Rwanda == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ikirere]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] svwo5piluyl7cbt743ie5oi5am1t3o9 0 19211 139311 138539 2026-09-23T07:44:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uruganda akezamutima ltd''' ni rumwe mu nganda rubarizwa mu ntara y’iburasirazuba rubona musaruruo uvuye muri imwe mu mirenge ya mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|karere ka Bugesera]] gusa ruherereye ruherereye mu uwo murenge mu i[[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|ntara y'uburasirazuba]] bwu [[Rwanda]], rukaba rwenga inzoga yomubwoko butandukanye yitwa wine. Uru ruganda rukaba rwarashinze ndetse. Uruganda Akezamutima Ltd ni uru ruganda rukoresha abakozi barenga rukaba rwarashyize imbere umusaruro w’urutoki aho ruwugurira abaturage hirya no hino muri Bugesera, byafashije abahaturiye guhindura ubuzima,niyo mpamvu narwo rwashyize ku rutonde rw’inganda ziciriritse. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igisabo.rw/2020/12/06/made-in-rwanda-inganda-zitunganya-ibinyobwa-bisembuye-zibonye-ibikoresho-bigezweho-zakora-neza-kurushaho/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-08-22 |archive-date=2024-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240822133952/https://igisabo.rw/2020/12/06/made-in-rwanda-inganda-zitunganya-ibinyobwa-bisembuye-zibonye-ibikoresho-bigezweho-zakora-neza-kurushaho/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Icyaro]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Bugesera]] e62b8jjksntsmvdr344po8btbqlhfdr 0 19275 139160 133029 2026-09-23T03:13:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139160 wikitext text/x-wiki Isomero ry'abaturage rya Rwamagana ryatangiye imirimo taliki 17 Nyakanga 2018,kubufatanye n' Umuryango uharanira inyungu w’uburezi mu Rwanda ([[icyongereza]]: Rwanda Education Assistance Practice (REAP).<ref name=":0">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/157828/Lifestyle/how-rwamaganaas-community-learning-centre-and-library-will-boost-education</ref><ref>http://andrew-brown-070f.squarespace.com/s/How-Rwamaganas-community-learning-centre-and-library-will-boost-education-The-New-Times-Rwanda.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.reaprwanda.org/blog/2018/7/18/july-17-2018-community-center-and-library-inauguration</ref> == Intego == Intego nyamukuru yiki kigo nukugirango haboneke ibikoresho by'uburezi bijyanye n'abaturage ndetse n’ishuri rituranye n’aba bagenerwabikorwa, baziga ururimi rw'icyongereza, ICT, gusoma cyane bakoresheje agasanduku k'isomero kandi, bafite umwanya ufunguye ku bana bashaka kuvugurura imirimo y'ishuri, siyanse, ubumuntu, no gutanga ubumenyi bujyanye n'ibibazo by'umutekano wa bantu nkimirire no gukemura amakimbirane mu miryango.<ref name=":0" /> == Abitabiriye == Abayobozi b'[[akarere ka Rwamagana]]; Madamu Christine Niyizamwiyitira (ushinzwe ICT mu burezi mu kigo gishinzwe uburezi mu [[Rwanda]]); Hon. Mukayuhi Constance Rwaka, Umudepite; kimwe n'uwashinze REAP, Bwana Edward Ballen bashimiye Abantu barenga 500 bitabiriye ibirori byo gutaha iri somero.<ref name=":0" /> == Ingengo == Ishyirwamubikorwa by'iri somero ryatwaye amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni 70 z'u Rwanda. [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda]] 2d8pd32jlp1d1eavwvyaidatir9o8vb 0 19348 139393 131114 2026-09-23T09:11:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jean Luc Mitana.jpg|thumb]] '''Mitana Jean Luc''' ( yavutse ku ya 29 Nzeri 1983 ), ni umukinnyi wa firime wu mu [[Rwanda]] akaba n'umukinnyi wa sinema. Niwe washinze uruganda rukora firime Filimi rufite icyicaro mu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inzufilms.com/about-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-date=2024-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240322160504/https://www.inzufilms.com/about-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Habyarimana">{{Cite web |title=Jean-Luc Habyarimana |url=https://www.3continents.com/en/individu/15978/ |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=3continents}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean-Luc Habyarimana: Cinematographer, Director |url=https://mubi.com/cast/jean-luc-habyarimana |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=MUBI}}</ref> Yabaye umukinnyi wa sinema muri firime zitandukanye zirimo ''Inyuma y'Ijambo'', ''Kai Umucuruzi'' n'imbaraga ''mu bwoba''. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=11 October 2017 |title=11 Rwandan Filmmakers You Need to Know About |url=https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/ |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=The Culture Trip |archive-date=7 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107063425/https://theculturetrip.com/africa/rwanda/articles/11-rwandan-filmmakers-you-need-to-know-about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Jean Luc Habyarimana - IMDb |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3393691/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0 |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref>umwana wa habyarimana juvena. Muri iki gihe aherereye muri rdc == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 29 Nzeri 1983 i [[Kigali]], mu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jean-Luc Habyarimana: Rwanda |url=http://africultures.com/personnes/?no=51461 |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=africultures}}</ref> <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |title=Jean-Luc Habyarimana |url=https://www.3continents.com/en/individu/15978/ |website=Festival des 3 Continents}}</ref> == Umwuga == Muri 2006, yinjiye muri Almond Tree Films Collective maze muri 2009, Mitana akora kuri filime izwi ku izina rya ''Maibobo'' iyobowe na Yves Montand Niyongabo kandi yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Rotterdam mu 2010. Yatanzwe mu iserukiramuco rya Sinema Africano d'Asia e Amerika Latina ya 2011 i Milan, mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]. <ref name="Habyarimana"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The testimony of Jean Luc Habyarimana: Cinematographer, Director |url=https://www.berlinale-talents.de/bt/talent/jeanluc-habyarimana5/profile |access-date=14 October 2020 |publisher=berlinale-talents}}</ref> Yayoboye ''SAA-IPO'' mu 2010. Yarasiwe i Kigali iterwa inkunga na Tribeca Film Institute. Iyi filime yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tribeca 2011 hanyuma ryerekanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Durban 2011 ndetse na AfryKamera International Film Festival, [[Polonye]] mu 2011. Hanyuma muri 2014, yakoze kuri documentaire ''Inyuma y'Isi'' iyobowe na Marie-Clementine Dusejambo. <ref name="Habyarimana" /> Muri 2014, yitabiriye Berlinale Talents, aho yari muri Studio yo Guhindura. <ref name="auto2"/> <ref name="auto"/> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka <ref name="auto1"/> ! Filime ! Uruhare ! Ubwoko ! Réf. |- | 2009 | ''Maibobo'' | Umukinnyi wa sinema | Inyandiko | |- | 2009 | ''Iminsi 100 itanyeganyeje isi'' | Abakinnyi | Inyandiko | <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 100 Days That Didn't Shake the World (2009) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1410002/fullcredits |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> |- | 2010 | ''SAA-IPO'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko | |- | 2012 | ''Imbaraga mu bwoba'' | Amashusho | Inyandiko | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strength in Fear (2012) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt2970660/fullcredits |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> |- | 2014 | ''Inyuma y'Isi'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Behind the Word (2012) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt12615698/fullcredits |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> |- | 2015 | ''Damali'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko | |- | 2016 | ''Kai umucuruzi'' | Umuyobozi | Inyandiko | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kai the Vendor (2016) - IMDb |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt7986152/fullcredits |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Jean Luc Habyarimana at IMDb * [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/222819 Musanze to host inaugural Kaci Kaci Art Festival] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240807132704/https://hyphenmagazine.com/blog/2011/06/filmmaker-isaac-chung-rwanda-and-perils-patrimony Filmmaker Isaac Chung, Rwanda, and the Perils of Patrimony] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240322160504/https://www.inzufilms.com/about-1 Inzu Films] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] i6c2npps2a3plzs35vpzb0mk6houphx 0 19352 139186 122365 2026-09-23T03:16:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139186 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabera Eric''' ( yavutse muri 1970 ) ni umunyamakuru [[Rwanda|wo mu Rwanda]] akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi akaba ari na we washinze ikigo cya Sinema mu Rwanda. == Ubuzima bwambere nakazi == Eric Kabera, [[Rwanda|Umunyarwanda]], yavukiye muri Zayire, ubu ni [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] ( DRC ) . <ref name="CNN">[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/08/i_if.01.html "Rwandan Genocide: 12 Years Later"], [[CNN]], April 8, 2006. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> N'ubwo yari atuye muri RDC igihe [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryibasiye abatutsi]] ryatangiraga muri Mata 1994, Kabera yavuze ko abo mu muryango we babaga mu Rwanda icyo gihe, 32 muri bo bapfira mu ihohoterwa. <ref name="CNN" /> Ibi byamuteye inkunga yo gukora filime yerekanwe mu 2001 ivuga kuri jenoside yiswe ''[[100 Days (2001 film)|Iminsi 100]]'' na documentaire yo mu 2004 yiswe ''Abashinzwe kwibuka'', aho yabajije abahohotewe ndetse n’abakoze ayo mahano. <ref name="CNN" /> <ref name="INDEP">Bloomfield, Steve. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/welcome-to-hillywood-how-rwandas-film-industry-emerged-from-genocides-shadow-463541.html "Welcome to Hillywood: how Rwanda's film industry emerged from genocide's shadow"], ''[[The Independent]]'', August 30, 2007. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> ''Iminsi 100'', Kabera yakoze ku bufatanye n’umukinnyi w’amafirime w’[[Ubwongereza]] Nick Hughes, ni yo filime ya mbere yafatiwe mu Rwanda nyuma y’itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ryakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, kandi ni na filime ya mbere yerekanwe kuri jenoside mbere ya ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]''. <ref name="INDEP"/> <ref name="ALL">Kisambira, Timothy. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200804071400.html Rwanda: The Golden Experience of the Silver Screen], [[AllAfrica.com]], April 6, 2008. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> Iyi filime ntiyakoresheje abakinnyi babigize umwuga, ahubwo abakora amafilime bifashishije abarokotse [[Abatutsi|n’abatutsi]] n’[[abahutu]] kugira ngo bakore iyo nyandiko, kandi yarasiwe ahantu nyaburanga aho ibikorwa bya jenoside byabereye. <ref name="INDEP" /> Abakinnyi bakinnye ni Eric Bridges Twahirwa, Cleophas Kabasita, Davis Kagenza, Mazimpaka Kennedy, Davis Kwizera, David Mulwa, Didier Ndengeyintwali, Denis Nsanzamahoro, na Justin Rusandazangabo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Days |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0315100/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> == Ibikorwa nyuma == == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Inguzanyo |- | 2001 | ''[[100 Days (2001 film)|Iminsi 100]]'' | Produce |- | 2004 | ''Abazigama'' | Umwanditsi, umuyobozi, producer |- | 2008 | ''Iseta: Inyuma ya bariyeri'' | Umufatanyabikorwa |- | 2009 | ''Bike ya Alphonse'' | Producer, umuyobozi, umwanditsi |- | 2010 | ''Afurika Yunze ubumwe'' | Produce |- | 2014 | ''Intore'' | Produce, umuyobozi, hamwe nuwanditse |- | 2018–2019 | ''Karani Ngufu'' | Umuyobozi mukuru |} == Reba == {{Reflist|30}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Eric Kabera at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021051334/https://www.linkerickabera.com/ Official website] Archived 2020-10-21 at the Wayback Machine * [http://telechargement.rfi.fr.edgesuite.net/rfi/anglais/audio/modules/actuen/R111/FESPACOWRAPRWANDA.mp3/ Interview with Kabera on Behind the Roadblock]  for Radio France Internationale [[Ikiciro:Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] ql68a5yukteiqq3n42exssmb8dne5ps 0 19354 139369 131463 2026-09-23T09:09:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139369 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Daniel Izere''' ( yavutse 1995 ) bakunze ku mwiita '''Dany Beats''', akora filimi aho azandika [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]], ni injeniyeri w'amajwi, umwanditsi w'indirimbo, na rwiyemezamirimo mubikorwa bya muzika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwai |first=Collins |date=2020-05-07 |title=MTN Rwanda embroiled in copyright infringement row |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/176449/News/mtn-rwanda-embroiled-in-copyright-infringement-row |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Azwi cyane kubikorwa bye birimo Sabrina, Ni Wa Ne, Banana, Guma Mu Rugo, na Twifunze. Niwe kandi utunganya amajwi y'ibirori byo mu mudugudu wa Urugwiro, amasezerano yasinyanye mu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kageruka |first=Olivia |last2=Gatera |first2=Emmanuel |date=2021-12-30 |title=Rwandan producers that changed the music game in 2021 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/192447/Entertainment/rwandan-producers-that-changed-the-music-game-in-2021 |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Joan |date=2021-05-09 |title=Dany Beats on his upcoming music projects |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/185898/Entertainment/dany-beats-on-his-upcoming-music-projects |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Abahanzi nka Danny Beats yafashe amajwi barimo Angel Mutoni, Weya Viatora, Kivumbi King, Rita Ange Kagaju, Amalon, Mike Kayihura, Sintex, Bushali, Umuraperi Racine Rwanda, Kevin Skaa na Gisa w'Inganzo n'abandi. <ref name="auto"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Theos |first=Uwiduhaye |date=21 June 2021 |title=Ambasaderi w’u Bwongereza mu Rwanda yanyuzwe na album nshya ya Rita Kagaju |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ambasaderi-w-u-bwongereza-mu-rwanda-yanyuzwe-na-album-nshya-ya-rita-kagaju |access-date=2023-03-12}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nakazi == Dany Beats yavukiye i [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]], akaba ari mu muryango w'abana batatu, barimo murumuna we w'impanga Irimaso Samuel, uzwi kandi ku izina rya DJ TrapBoy, na musaza we Bwanakweli Pacifique. Ababyeyi be ni Bwanakweri Dominique na Mushongana Prudence. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-12-28 |title=Meet Samuel Irimaso: A promising Rwandan DJ |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/101947/Leisure/meet-samuel-irimaso-a-promising-rwandan-dj |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christian |first=Mugisha |date=7 January 2022 |title=Kigali: Abanyempano bagaragaje ubuhanga mu kuvanga imiziki |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kigali-abanyempano-bagaragaje-ubuhanga-mu-kuvanga-imiziki |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=Igihe.com}}</ref> Yize amashuri menshi kugirango yige, harimo [[Lycée de Kigali|Lycee De Kigali]] mu 2009, Ishuri Rikuru rya Londere rya Saint Lawrence muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] mu 2010, Lycee De La Colombiel mu 2011, n’ishuri ryisumbuye rya tekinike rya SOS mu 2013. Muri 2014, yarangije muri ADB Nyarutarama afite impamyabumenyi mu ikoranabuhanga ry'amashanyarazi. Nyuma, muri 2016, Dany Beats yinjiye muri [[University of Kigali|kaminuza ya Kigali]] kugira ngo akomeze amasomo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kigali: Abanyempano bagaragaje ubuhanga mu kuvanga imiziki |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kigali-abanyempano-bagaragaje-ubuhanga-mu-kuvanga-imiziki |website=IGIHE.com}}</ref> Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye yinjiye muri DreamLand Records. Yatangiye, yasohoye indirimbo imwe 'Bad Girl Swag' yanditswe na Angel Mutoni nyuma, akora kandi 'Inzu yubusa' ya Weya Viatora yagiye gukinirwa kumaradiyo mpuzamahanga nka Ijwi rya Amerika muri 2015. Kuva mu 2015, Dany yagize uruhare runini mu kuzamuka kw'abahanzi [[Rwanda|bo mu Rwanda]] nka Kivumbi King, Rita Ange Kagaju, Amalon, Sintex, Kevin Skaa, Mike Kayihura n'abandi. Dany kuri ubu akora akazi ko gutunganya umuziki wigenga. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/11/mike-kayihuras-song-earns-him-prix-decouvertes-nomination/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-09-03 |archive-date=2024-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240721220426/https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/11/mike-kayihuras-song-earns-him-prix-decouvertes-nomination/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Byumvuhore |first=Frederic |date=2018-12-09 |title=Weya Viatora showcases potential at debut album launch |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/161759/Entertainment/weya-viatora-showcases-potential-at-debut-album-launch |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbabazi |first=Joan |date=2019-06-08 |title=The tales of a 24-year-old music producer |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/167159/Lifestyle/the-tales-of-a-24-year-old-music-producer |access-date=2023-03-12 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambasaderi w’u Bwongereza mu Rwanda yanyuzwe na album nshya ya Rita Kagaju |url=https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ambasaderi-w-u-bwongereza-mu-rwanda-yanyuzwe-na-album-nshya-ya-rita-kagaju |website=IGIHE.com}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Danny yakubise muri Muzika muri Afrika [https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/dany-beats Dany Beats] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] h4w447qut4qy0hz9td180ll1r3f928l 0 19398 139413 133734 2026-09-23T09:41:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139413 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Lillian Mbabazi ni''' [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] akaba ari umuhanzi ufata amajwi ukorera ibikorwa bye muri [[Ubugande|umuganda]]. Yavukiye muri Uganda ku babyeyi b'u Rwanda. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Uganda wamamaza muri Bryan Morel Publications, mu injyana ya muzika ya Lilian ni neo-roho ifitanye isano na R&B Band. <ref name="1R">{{Cite web |last=Edmund Kagire |date=12 October 2012 |title=Lillian Mbabazi belts out hits at Uganda Jubilee celebrations |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/Rwanda/Lifestyle/Lillian+Mbabazi+belts+out+hits+at+Uganda+Jubilee+celebrations/-/1433242/1531972/-/3ch3ao/-/index.html |access-date=17 June 2019 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> akaba Yari umunyamuryango wa Blu ya 3 . <ref name="1R" /> <ref name="2R">{{Cite web |last=Felix Eupal |date=22 May 2011 |title=Lillian Mbabazi soldiers on minus Blu3, plus baby |url=https://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13503:lillian-mbabazi-soldiers-on-minus-blu3-plus-baby |access-date=17 June 2019 |location=Kampala |archive-date=27 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527023821/http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=13503:lillian-mbabazi-soldiers-on-minus-blu3-plus-baby |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2014, yari umwe mu bahanzi bagaragaye mu gihembwe cya kabiri cya Coke Studio Africa, yaje kandi kugaragara muri Filimi. <ref name="3R">{{Cite web |last=vclZsrcgrL |date=9 October 2014 |title=Coke Studio Africa Season 2 launched |url=https://www.hipipo.com/2014/10/09/coke-studio-africa-season-2-launched/ |access-date=17 June 2019 |publisher=Hipipo.com |location=Kampala |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402123638/https://www.hipipo.com/2014/10/09/coke-studio-africa-season-2-launched/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Mbabazi yatangiye kwitwara neza mu 2003, nyuma y’amarushanwa ya Coca-Cola Pop Star yatumye hashyirwaho Blu ya 3 . Yabonye intsinzi muri muzika hamwe nitsinda, yatsindiye Umuhanzi / Itsinda ryiza muri Uganda & Video yumuziki mwiza wo muri Uganda muri 2005 Kisima Music Awards, ndetse na filimi ikaba Video y'umwaka (Hitaji) muri Pearl of Africa Music Awards muri 2005 <ref name="4R">{{Cite web |last=PAM Awards |date=2005 |title=PAM Awards: 2005 Winners & Nominees |url=http://pamawards.com/pages/2005.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702053829/http://pamawards.com/pages/2005.php |archive-date=2007-07-02 |access-date=17 June 2019 |publisher=[[Pearl of Africa Music Awards]] |location=Kampala |format=Archived from the original on 2 July 2007}}</ref> Yatsindiye kandi Video yumwaka ( Burrn ) muri 2007 Pearl of Africa Music Awards 2007 kandi yatorewe kuba Itsinda ryiza rya Afrika yuburasirazuba bwiza muri 2005 muri Kora Awards. <ref name="5R">{{Cite web |last=Kora Awards |date=2005 |title=Kora Awards 2005 Nominees |url=http://www.koraawards.co.za/english/musicawards_finalists.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061001100910/http://www.koraawards.co.za/english/musicawards_finalists.asp |archive-date=2006-10-01 |access-date=17 June 2019 |publisher=[[Kora Awards|The KORA All Africa Music Awards]] |format=Archived from the original on 22 February 2019}}</ref> Yatsindiye igihembo cyiza cya Album ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ( ''Hitaji'' ) mu bihembo bya muzika bya Tanzaniya 2005 ndetse na filimi, Video nziza yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ( Frisky ) mu 2006 muri Channel O Music Video Awards. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |last=Biz Community Nigeria |date=7 August 2006 |title=Channel O Award Nominees Released |url=https://www.bizcommunity.com.ng/Article/157/66/11163.html |access-date=17 June 2019 |publisher=Biz Community Nigeria |location=Cape Town |archive-date=21 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121181000/https://www.bizcommunity.com.ng/Article/157/66/11163.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yatowe mu ndirimbo nziza yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ( ''Aho uri'' kumwe na Radio & Weasel ) mu bihembo bya muzika bya Tanzaniya 2010 naho mu 2009, yatowe mu itsinda ryiza & Umuhanzi witwaye neza mu 2009 muri MTV Africa Music Awards 2009 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-01-29 |title=Lilian Mbabazi |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/directory/lilian-mbabazi |access-date=2020-05-27 |website=Music In Africa |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010, yatangiye umwuga wenyine kandi afite indirimbo nziza nka "Vitamine" hamwe na Weasel wo muri bombi Goodlyfe Crew, Kawa na Akaga Yakoranye na Goodlyfe Crew, Navio, AY, P-Unit na Kitoko.  Mu mwaka wa 2016, Mbabazi yatsindiye igihembo cye cya mbere mu bihembo bya HiPipo Music Awards kubera ibihembo bye byo kwibuka hamwe na A Pass. <ref name="7R">{{Cite web |last=Music In Africa |date=7 December 2015 |title=Uganda's HiPipo Awards Unveil Nominees for 2016 Edition |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/uganda%E2%80%99s-hipipo-awards-unveil-nominees-2016-edition |access-date=17 June 2019 |publisher=Music In Africa Magazine |archive-date=28 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128141156/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/uganda%E2%80%99s-hipipo-awards-unveil-nominees-2016-edition |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Radiyo === Mbabazi yatangiye gukora kuri 91.3 Capital FM, imwe mu maradiyo akomeye ya FM muri Uganda, nyuma yo kugenda kwa mugenzi wabo mukuru wa Big Breakfast Karitas Karisimbi mu myaka ya za 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=In the spotlight: Radio DJ: Lillian Mbabazi |url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1158794/spotlight-radio-dj-lillian-mbabazi |access-date=17 August 2007 |website=The New Vision}}</ref> Icyakora, yavuye kuri sitasiyo kugira ngo yibande ku mwuga we wa muzika mbere gato yuko Blu ya 3 isenyuka maze asimburwa kuri sitasiyo na Jackie Lumbasi. Nyuma yaje kwinjira kuri Radiyo yo mu mujyi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Oh yes radio! Almost slipped my mind… How did Lilian end up in radio? |url=http://ourmusiq.com/lilian-mbabazi-motherhood-music-and-mathematics/1307/m.aspx |access-date=25 February 2013 |website=Ourmusiq |archive-date=17 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817183223/http://ourmusiq.com/lilian-mbabazi-motherhood-music-and-mathematics/1307/m.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Mbabazi yari afitanye umubano na nyakwigendera umucuranzi wa Radio Mowzey ( 25 Mutarama 1985 - 1 Gashyantare 2018 ), babyarana abana babiri (Asante Manzi na Izuba ). <ref name="10R">{{Cite web |last=Raphael Okello |date=17 August 2007 |title=In the spotlight: Radio DJ: Lillian Mbabazi |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1158794/spotlight-radio-dj-lillian-mbabazi |access-date=17 June 2019 |location=Kampala}}</ref> Bivugwa ko abo bashakanye babanye kuva igihe bari muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mbere yo gutandukana kwabo amezi make kugeza mu 2015. <ref name="11R">{{Cite web |last=Big Eye Team |date=25 August 2015 |title=Mowzey Radio Is The Best Father Ever – Says Lilian Mbabazi |url=http://bigeye.ug/mowzey-radio-is-the-best-father-ever-says-lilian-mbabazi/ |access-date=17 June 2019 |publisher=Big Eye Uganda |location=Kampala}}</ref> Abashakanye bamaze kubona umwana wabo wa mbere, bahuye nibibazo byinshi amaherezo biganisha ku gutandukana. <ref name="11R" /> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabacuranzi ba Uganda == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] lq47bdfr4ujhbzjdr3cga0x3z3l462c 0 19401 139146 134765 2026-09-23T03:03:22Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139146 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Simon Bikindi''' ( Yavutse 28 Nzeri 1954 apfa 15 Ukuboza 2018 ) yari umucuranzi n'umuririmbyi wo mu Rwanda wahoze azwi cyane mu Rwanda. Indirimbo ze zo gukunda igihugu ni zo zakinnye kuri radiyo y'igihugu Radiyo y'u Rwanda mu gihe cy'intambara na genocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 194 mu Rwanda . Kubera ibikorwa yakoze mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda, yaburanishijwe ahamwa n'icyaha cyo gushishikariza jenoside n'Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda ( ICTR ) muri 2008. Yapfuye azize diyabete mu bitaro bya Benini mu Kuboza 2018. == Amavu n'amavuko mugihe cya jenoside == Bikindi, <ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/20121102085719/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,460127,00.html RWANDAN POP STAR GETS 15 YEARS FOR ROLE IN GENOCIDE]", Associated Press via Fox News (2 December 2008).</ref> yavukiye i Rwerere muri perefegitura y’amajyaruguru ubu ni mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|intara y'amajyaruguru]] akarere ka Munsaze mu y’iburengerazuba bwa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], ako karere kavamo [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Perezida Habyarimana]] na benshi mu bantu bakomeye mu butegetsi bwe [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|bwa MRND]] . Mu gihe cya jenoside, yari umuhimbyi uzwi akaba n'umuririmbyi wa muzika uzwi cyane akaba n'umuyobozi w'itsinda ryitwa ''Irindiro Ballet'' . Indirimbo ze zasobanuwe ko zifite amagambo ya elliptique n'indirimbo zishimishije, <ref name="vile">{{Cite web |url=http://scs.student.virginia.edu/~vjil/PDF/48_485-528.pdf |title=Benesch, Susan. |access-date=2024-09-10 |archive-date=2012-02-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120217065404/http://scs.student.virginia.edu/~vjil/PDF/48_485-528.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> haba mu [[icyongereza]], [[igifaransa]] na [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] no guhuza inyandiko za rap style hamwe nindirimbo gakondo za rubanda . Filimi ya mbere, yasohotse muri 1990, yari iy'indirimbo z'ubukwe gakondo. <ref>''[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E7DA1739F934A25750C0A9649C8B63 Killer Songs]''. </ref> Yongeyeho kandi ko yari umukozi wa Leta muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko na Siporo akaba n'umwe mu bagize ishyaka rya MRND. Zimwe mu ndirimbo ze zerekeje ku [[Abatutsi|batutsi]] zacuranzwe kuri Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines kugira ngo zishishikarize ubwicanyi. Yavuye mu gihugu hasigaye iminsi mike ngo itsembabwoko ritangire ariko agaruka nyuma muri Kamena. Ni ikibazo cyo kujya impaka niba yaragize uruhare muri jenoside ndetse n’urwego ki, ariko nk'uko byemejwe n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda ( ICTR ), bigaragazwa nta gushidikanya na gato ko yaba yarifatanije n’interahamwe [[Interahamwe|z’intagondwa]] z’intagondwa. kandi yasabye ku mugaragaro Abahutu gutsemba Abatutsi bose muri Kamena 1994. Nyuma yo kwigarurira [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]], yahunze igihugu. Indirimbo ze zirabujijwe mu Rwanda kuva mu 1994. <ref name="vile"/> == Ikigeragezo == === Inyandiko y'ibirego no gufatwa === Bikindi yashinjwaga n’urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda ( ICTR ). Yashinjwaga ibi bikurikira: umugambi wo gukora genocide ; itsembabwoko, cyangwa ubundi bufatanye muri jenoside ; gushishikariza no gukangurira rubanda gukora jenoside, n'ubwicanyi no gutotezwa, nk'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu. <ref name="ictr-indictment">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221013021443/https://unictr.irmct.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-01-72/indictments/en/050615.pdf Indictment against Bikindi], from the ICTR, last amended 15 June 2005</ref> Inyandiko y'ibirego yavugaga ko Bikindi "yahimbye, aririmba, yandika cyangwa akwirakwiza ibikorwa bya muzika bishimangira ubufatanye bw'Abahutu no gushinja abatutsi [[Rwanda|kuba imbata y'Abahutu]] ". <ref name="ind">''Rwandan singer on genocide charge''. </ref> Ubushinjacyaha bwatanze indirimbo yise The Awakening ariko bakunze kwita Nanga aba bahutu ( Nanga Abahutu ), yibasiye Abahutu bashyigikiye abatutsi cyane cyane abo bahutu bakoranye n’inyeshyamba zo [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|mu gihugu cy’abatutsi bo mu Rwanda]] barwanya guverinoma. <ref name="ind" /> Byongeye kandi, havuzwe ko mu mezi yabanjirije itsembabwoko, Bikindi "yagishije inama na Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], Minisitiri w’Urubyiruko na Siporo , Callixte Nzabonimana n’ubuyobozi bwa gisirikare bwahujwe na MRND ku magambo y’indirimbo" mbere yo kubarekura ngo bakinwe ku bahutu. Amashanyarazi ya radiyo RTLM . <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071005131750/http://www.hirondelle.org/hirondelle.nsf/caefd9edd48f5826c12564cf004f793d/4fc571f5e3e9dd55c1256a8a00006e75?OpenDocument Musician again pleads not guilty to genocide], ''Hirondelle.org'', 8 March 2003</ref> Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze kandi ko mu minsi 100 ya jenoside kuva ku ya 7 Mata kugeza ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1994, Bikindi yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi, haba muri perefegitura [[Kigali|ya Kigali]] na Gisenyi, kandi ko yafashije mu gushaka no gutegura imitwe yitwara gisirikare ''[[Interahamwe|ya Interahamwe]]'' . <ref name="ictr-indictment"/> Nyuma yo gufatwa i Leiden [[Ubuholandi|mu Buholandi]] ku ya 12 Nyakanga 2001, Bikindi yarwanyije koherezwa mu mahanga maze asaba ubuhungiro . Icyakora, nyuma y'amezi umunani, ku ya 27 Werurwe 2002, yashyizwe mu maboko ya ICTR. Nyuma yaje kwirega ku byaha byose aregwa maze afungirwa muri gereza y’umuryango w’abibumbye (UNDF) i Arusha, muri [[Tanzaniya]] . Nyuma y’ubukererwe, urubanza rwe rw’ibyaha by’intambara rwatangiye ku ya 15 Gicurasi 2006. Yari ahagarariwe n’umuyobozi w’igice cya [[Kenya]] cya komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’abahanga mu mategeko (ICJ), Wilfred Ngunjiri Nderitu . === Ibisobanuro === Usibye ibindi bimenyetso, ubushinjacyaha bwatanze indirimbo yishimira ikurwaho ry'ubwami no kugarura ubwigenge kuva 1959 kugeza 1961: impuguke y'u Rwanda mu rubanza yaje gusobanura ko indirimbo ya nyuma idashobora kwandikirwa igihugu cy'u Rwanda muri rusange, kubera ko Abatutsi bari bafitanye isano n’ubwami bw’u Rwanda n’ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni, kandi ko bidashoboka kwanga ingoma ya cyami utabanje kwanga abatutsi. <ref>[http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/73EC4824DA859BA5C12572840023E376?OpenDocument INSIDE THE MUSIC OF AN ARTIST CHARGED WITH GENOCIDE. ]</ref> Ubwunganizi bwavuze ko mu buhamya bw’abatangabuhamya harimo kwivuguruza, bahakana ko izo ndirimbo zivuga ku batutsi no guhamagarira abatangabuhamya b’abatutsi Bikindi ngo bafashije kurokora ubuzima bwabo. <ref>[http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/5AB96E2D608A15E743257456001FBF62?OpenDocument Prosecution urges life prison for]</ref> Ku bijyanye n'indirimbo, impande zombi zari zifite impuguke ku ruhande rwazo, ariko ntawahakana ko amagambo yari agoye kuyasobanura <ref>[http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/05AF95E560DA156CC125728400280A9F?OpenDocument THE EXPERT RECOGNIZED TO HAVE PARTLY UNDERSTOOD WRONGLY THE BIKINDI’S MESSAGE]</ref> kandi ko demokarasi n'amahoro byavuzwe. <ref>[http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/969AF1C45DB2A31FC1257285004FDCA5?OpenDocument THE ICTR SITS QUIET WHILE SIMON BIKINDI SINGS. ]</ref> Umwunganizi wa Bikindi yavuze kandi ko gushinja Bikindi ari "kumwima uburenganzira bwe bwo kuvuga". <ref name="ind">''Rwandan singer on genocide charge''. </ref> Umwe mu bunganira uregwa yashinjwaga kuba yarahaye ruswa umutangabuhamya. <ref>[http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/9ADB8D4256E2B029C1257282005E21B1?OpenDocument SERIOUS INCIDENT AT THE RESUMPTION OF BIKINDI’S TRIAL]</ref> Umwunganira mukuru wunganira abaregwa yemeye ikirego cy’ubushinjacyaha, bituma Bikindi yanga gukomeza kumuhagararira ukundi. Nyuma ICTR yakuyeho avoka icyo kirego. <ref>[http://www.hirondelle.org/arusha.nsf/LookupUrlEnglish/28B57835276DE2F1C12572AA001FF4D4?OpenDocument ICTR CLEARS A LAWYER ACCUSED OF BRIBING A WITNESS]</ref> Itsinda ry'ubushinjacyaha mu rubanza rwa Bikindi ryasabye igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu, igihano gikomeye urukiko rutanga. <ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200805270616.html allAfrica.com: Rwanda: ICTR Prosecution Seeks Life Sentence for Musician (Page 1 of 1)]</ref> Ubwunganizi bwasabye umwere. === Urubanza === Ukuboza 2008, Bikindi yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15 n’inguzanyo y’imyaka 7 yari amaze akora, kubera gushishikariza jenoside. Iki gihano cyaturutse ku kuba urukiko rwasanze byagaragaye nta gushidikanya na gato ko mu mpera za Kamena 1994 yari yavuze ijambo ry’imodoka ya [[Interahamwe]] ifite sisitemu yo kubarizamo rubanda, asaba kandi yibutsa abaturage b'Abahutu gutsemba abatutsi bose, uwo yise "inzoka". <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7760456.stm "Rwanda singer jailed for genocide"], BBC, 2 December 2008</ref> Ibindi birego byose byavanyweho; by'umwihariko, urukiko rwasanze mu gihe indirimbo zimwe na zimwe zifite imiterere ishishikaje, zose zanditswe mbere ya 1994, bityo mbere ya jenoside, kandi ko nta bimenyetso bihagije byerekana ko Bikindi yagize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza indirimbo ze kuri radio mugihe cya jenoside, cyangwa ko we ubwe yagize uruhare mubwicanyi cyangwa gutegura imitwe yitwara gisirikare. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-01-72/trial-judgements/en/081202.pdf |title=The Prosecutor v. Simon Bikindi, Case No. ICTR-01-72-T. |access-date=2024-09-10 |archive-date=2022-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013021500/https://unictr.irmct.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-01-72/trial-judgements/en/081202.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Kwakira === Urubanza rwari rwarafashwe nkikibazo kubera ikibazo giteye impungenge cyuko umuhanzi akurikiranwa ku bushake kubera ibikorwa bye, ubuhanzi bukaba bushobora gusobanurwa mu buryo butandukanye. Urubanza ariko rwirinze iki kibazo kitavugwaho rumwe, kubera ko rutari rushingiye ku ndirimbo za Bikindi. <ref>[http://www.theworld.org/?q=node/22972 Simon Bikindi. ]</ref> == Ubuzima bwa muntu n'imiterere == Mu gihe cya jenoside, Bikindi yari afitanye umubano na Angeline Mukabanana, umututsi. Mu kiganiro yagiranye n'ikinyamakuru New York Times muri 2008, yagaragaje igitekerezo cye ko Bikindi nta muntu yangaga kandi ko yari umuntu ufite amahirwe, ashishikajwe no gushimisha. Yavuze ko Bikindi yareze umuhungu we, wari ufite se w’abatutsi, kandi akaba yarafashije abaturanyi babo b'Abatutsi kurwanya abicanyi b'Abahutu. Mukabanana yavuze ko Bikindi amaze kwandika "Nanze aba bahutu", amubaza impamvu yanditse ibyo kandi yerekana ko bishoboka ko FPR yatsinze intambara. Yavuze ko yashubije ati: Guverinoma itegeka kwandika izi ndirimbo. Nunva FPR izaza i [[Kigali]] ukwezi gutaha, nzabandikira indirimbo. <ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E7DA1739F934A25750C0A9649C8B63 Killer Songs]''. ''</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Abahutu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 3j4tdby83clhereg7vfrvm8zskc9ykx 0 19547 139297 136034 2026-09-23T07:43:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139297 wikitext text/x-wiki "'''Jihadi'''" (جهاد) ni ijambo ry'icyarabu risobanura "urugamba" cyangwa "guharanira<ref>https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/jihad</ref>." Mu rwego rwa kisilamu, rifite ibisobanuro byinshi nubusobanuro, akenshi butavugwaho rumwe. tugiye kureba muburyo bwimbitse icyo jihadi ari cyo: === 1. Ubwoko bwa Jihadi: === Jihadi Nkuru (Jihad al-Akbar): Ibi bivuga urugamba rwimbere rwo kurwanya icyaha nimbaraga zo kubaho ubuzima ukurikije amahame ya kisilamu. Ishimangira kwiteza imbere, ubunyangamugayo, niterambere ryumuntu. Jihadi Ntoya (Jihad al-Asghar): iyi ishobora kwerekeza ku ntambara y'umubiri, ishobora kuba ikubiyemo no kwitwaza intwaro murwego rwokurengera idini ya Islam. gusa, ni ngombwa kumenya ko ibyo bigengwa nubuyobozi bukomeye bushingiye kumahame agenga imyitwarire myiza ya kisilamu<ref>https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520962491-005/html?lang=en</ref>. ==== 2. Urugamba rwo mu mwuka no mu myifatire: ==== Jihadi akenshi ikubiyemo urugamba rwo kwiteza imbere muburyo bw'umwuka, gukurikiza inyigisho za Islamu, no guteza imbere ubutabera n'urukundo muri sosiyete.nanone isobanura gushyira imbaraga muguteza imbere burezi, gufasha abatishoboye, ndetse n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage muri rusange<ref>https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1525/9780520962491-005/html?lang=en</ref>. ===== 3. amateka yaranze jihad: ===== Mu mateka ya kisilamu, jihadi yasobanuwe muburyo butandukanye. Mu bihe bya mbere bya kisilamu, akenshi yasobanuraga kurengera umuryango w’abayisilamu hagamijwe kuwurinda iterabwoba ryabarwanyaga idini ya isilamu.Igitekerezo cyaje guhinduka bitewe ningaruka za politiki, imibereho, namateka, arinabyo byaje gutuma isobanurwa ikanakorwa muburyo butaribwo<ref>https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/jihad_4579jsp/</ref>. ===== 4. Amabwiriza agenga imyitwarire muri jihad ntoya: ===== Iyo uganira kuri jihadi ntoya, hariho amategeko akomeye: agomba gukurikizwa hagamijwe kurengera imyemerere y’umuryango w'abasilamu, ntabwo ari ugutera abandi ubwoba cyangwa kubakandamiza.naho Abatari abarwanyi, nk'abagore, abana, n'abasaza, bagomba kurindwa ibyago byurugamba, kandi amahame y'ubutabera n'imbabazi agomba kubahirizwa<ref>https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=679&section=10</ref>. ====== 5. uko yasobanuwe nabi: ====== Jihadi ikunze kumvikana nabi mubiganiro byiki gihe, cyane cyane kubera imitwe y'intagondwa ikoresha nabi irijambo kugirango ishyigikire urugomo n'iterabwoba ikora. abamenyi benshi mubijyanye n'idini ya isilamu bashimangira ko ibikorwa byurugomo nkibi bivuguruza ishingiro ryukuri ry'ijambo jihadi<ref>http://chgate.net/publication/366200162_MISCONCEPTION_ABOUT_JIHAD_AND_MARTYRDOM_IN_THE_21ST_CENTURY_THE_ROLE_OF_SCHOLARS_IN_SAVING_ISLAM_AND_HUMAN_LIFE</ref>. '''Umusozo''' Jihadi nigitekerezo gifite ibisobanuro byinshi mubuyisilamu gusa icyo benshi bahurizaho cyane cyane nuko jihad ar'igitekerezo cyo guharanira icyiza, cyaba icy'umuntu ku giti cye, muburyo bw'umwuka, cyangwa, ubufatika n'ubundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. kuyisobanukirwa bisaba, kumenya amahame mbwirizamuco y'ukuri ayigenga, kugirango ubashe gutandukanya ibinyoma ivugwaho bitandukanye nukuri kwayo. == Amashakiro == {{reflist}} duxw7mty6hwqonvbm8umvvy29mgo3fc 0 19658 139125 119361 2026-09-23T02:38:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139125 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BlokLeiden1.JPG|thumb|ibisigo]] <big>Ibisigo nyabami</big><ref>https://www.wikirwanda.org/index.php/Amateka_y%27ubusizi</ref> <small>ni ibisigo byatangiye ku ngoma ya Ruganzu Ndoli; nibwo byatangiye kwitwa gutyo. mbere hari ibyitwaga ibinyeto (riva ku nshinga kunyeta bivuga gusingiza cyangwa kurata). mu binyeto kagame avuga ko umusizi yahangaga agasigo kagufi k'imirongo nk'icumi cyangwa makumyabiri ,kakaba ari ak'umwami umwe,umwe.nyuma ku ngoma ya Ruganzu ni bwo Nyirarumaga yize uburyo bwo guhuriza mu gisigo kimwe abami benshi cyangwa se akavuga umwami umwe mu gisigo kirekire.</small> == AMOKO Y'IBISIGO NYABAMI<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/inkomoko-y-ibisigo-by-ibyuma-mu-mateka-y-ubusizi-nyarwanda</ref> == === Ibisigo nyabami birimo amoko atatu: <small>ibisigo by'ikobyo ibisigo by'ibyanzu ibisigo by'impakanizi</small><ref>https://rwiyemeza.com/kn/nedet.php?tit=127b52009b64fd0a2a49e6d8a939753077792b0554</ref> === <big>a)IKOBYO/IKUNGU</big> Ni <small>ibisigo bigiye umujyo umwe bikagira interuro (intangiriro) n'umusayuko.ntibigira ibika bitandukanye ahubwo byo bigiye umujyo umwe.aho bihuriye n'ibindi ni uko bigira indezi([[Amagambo ahinnye|amagambo]] asingiza umwami).birahurutuye ntanubwo ari birebire.urugero tugomba gusesengura ni:<nowiki>''</nowiki>none imana itumije abeshi<nowiki>''</nowiki>cyasizwe na mutsinzi agitura kigeli Rwabugiri amuhanuririza abaroze se rwogera ngo abarimbure (abagereka bo kwa Rugereka ) (igitabio cy'imyandikire umwaka wa gatandatu,p).</small> [[Dosiye:Books and Scroll Ornament with Open Book.png|thumb|ibitabo ubonamo ibisigo]] <big>b)IBYANZU</big> <small>Ni ibisigo bigabanyijemo ibika bita ibyanzU bigiye bitandukanywa n'inyikirizo. Mu byanzu iyo bavuga amateka y'abami ntibakurikiranya uko bagiye bima ingoma n'uko ibikorw byabo byagiye bikurikirana. urugero tugomba gusesengura ni:<nowiki>''</nowiki>Naje kubara inkuru<nowiki>''</nowiki> cyasizwe na sekarama ka mpumba agitura rwabugiri mbere yo gutera i ndorwa ([[igitabo]] cy'imyandiko [[umwaka]] wa gatandatu)</small> c)<big>IMPAKANIZI N</big><small>i [[Igisigo: Singikunda Ukundi|ibisigo]] usanga umusizi yaragendaga avuga amateka y'abami n'ibikorwa byabo abakurikiranya uko bagiye bima ingoma, agaheruka uwo atura igisigo. impakanizi yagiraga ibice by'ingenzi bitatu interuro umusisi avugamo muri rusange ibyo agiye gukomozaho ku bami bose no kugaragaza ko aje kurabukira umwami. [[Igisimba|igihimba]] kigizwe n'ibika bivuga abami bigenda bitandukanywa n'inyikirizo yitwa impakanizi. umusayuko umusizi asingizamo umwami agitura uri ku ngoma ndetse akaba yaboneraho no kwisabira umuriro</small> ==== ingero: ==== - <small>ukwibyara gutera ababyeyi ineza cyasizwe na</small> NYAKAYONGA ka MUSARE WA KARIMUNDA ldyyzea4tvyrjjbwl8x0so1rkwjp14m 0 19879 139273 136679 2026-09-23T07:36:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139273 wikitext text/x-wiki 1,329 / 5,000 == Queen Nanny == Umugore w'umwirabura uzwiho kuyobora ingabo ari Umugore zitwa Marone zigatsinda ingabo z'Abongereza Umukecuru wa(c.1686-c.1760) bivugwa ko Nanny yavutse ahagana mu 1686, yayoboye ingabo z'abirabura bari barajyanywe mubucakara bitwaga Windward Maroons agatsida ingabo z'abongereza baba kolonizaga mu misoz ya Jamaica mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 18. Ku buyobozi bwa Nanny, Windward Maroons yarwanye intambara y'inyeshyamba irwanya nAbongereza, izwi ku izina rya mbere rya Maroon, yamaze imyaka myinshi. Umwamikazi Nanny' yavukiye muri Gana y'ubu, izwi ku izina rya Gold Coast. Inkuru zimwe zishimangira ko Nanny atigeze aba Umucakara, ariko birashoboka ko yahunze uburetwa nyuma gato yo kugera muri Jamayike.[https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/nanny-maroons] == Ibindi bizwi kuri Queen Nanny == Ni ukuba yari afite imbaraga zidasanzwe, n'imitekerereze iri hejuru byamufashaga gutsinda Ingabo z'Abongereze Mu birwa bya Jamayica, Kuba yaratsitse abongereza kugeza aho abasinyisha amasezerano y'amahoro mu [https://jis.gov.jm/information/heroes/nanny-of-the-maroons/] ubu Ifoto ya Queen nany igaragara ku inote (Amafranga) ya Jamaica Nk'Intwari yabo. al90t5vncnaa9wdbymt67dvkjkyh9hu 0 19973 139039 134532 2026-09-23T00:07:24Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139039 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe''' Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe (wavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002), uzwi cyane nka '''Ayra Starr''', ni umuririmbyi akaba n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo wo muri [[Nijeriya]]. Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu mwaka wa '''2022''' ubwo yasohoraga indirimbo '''“Rush”'''. Iyo ndirimbo yagiye ku rutonde rw’indirimbo zikunzwe mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo [[Ubusuwisi]], [[Irilande]] n’[[Ubwongereza]], aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=The Scoove |first=Africa |date=February 28, 2021 |title=Ayra Starr breaks new Record as "Rush" hits 100 Million views on YouTube |url=https://thescoove.africa/ayra-starr-breaks-new-record-as-rush-hits-100-million-views-on-youtube/ |website=The Scoove Africa |access-date=April 3, 2025 |archive-date=April 4, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250404170507/https://thescoove.africa/ayra-starr-breaks-new-record-as-rush-hits-100-million-views-on-youtube/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yanamuhesheje kandi guhabwa '''nominasiyo mu bihembo bya Grammy ku nshuro ya 66''' nk’umunyafurika witwaye neza. <ref name=":1"/> Mu ntangiriro za 2021, Starr yatangiye umwuga we asohora umuzingo wambere windirimbo wiswe Ayra Starr ndetse nindirimbo yambere yari iriho yise " Away ", yamaze ibyumweru bibiri bikurikiranye kuri numero ya kane kurutonde rwa TurnTable Top 50 ya Nijeriya; iyi indirimbo kandi yageze ku mwanya wa 17 kuri Billboard Top Triller Global chart. Yakurikiwe no kumurika alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio, 19 & Dangerous (2021). yashyizwe mu byiciro nka Afropop na R&B, yakiriwe neza kandi itanga ibyiciro bibiri bya mbere muri Nijeriya. Indirimbo ya mbere yise " Umusamariya uva amaraso " yageze ku mbonerahamwe ya Top 50, iba indirimbo ya mbere y’umuhanzi w’umugore igeze ku mwanya wa mbere. Muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, Starr yashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatatu ku bahanzi bitezwe muri Billboard . <ref name="NBS2">{{cite magazine|title=Next Big Sound Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|magazine=Billboard|access-date=21 August 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821064614/https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri 2024, Starr yasohoye alubumu ye ya kabiri, ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . == Ubuzima n'umwuga == === Ubuzima bwo hambere === Oyinkansola Sarah Aderibigbe yavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002 i Cotonou [[Bene|muri Bénin]], akurira aho no muri i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. <ref name="Hypebae3">{{cite web |last1=Obi |first1=Ify |date=18 March 2021 |title=Nigerian Singer Ayra Starr Is Making Her Mark on Music |url=https://hypebae.com/2021/3/ayra-starr-oyinkansola-aderibigbe-nigerian-beninese-lagos-teen-singer-songwriter-debut-ep-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210412131506/https://hypebae.com/2021/3/ayra-starr-oyinkansola-aderibigbe-nigerian-beninese-lagos-teen-singer-songwriter-debut-ep-interview |archive-date=12 April 2021 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=HYPEBAE}}</ref>Ni Umunyanijeriyakazi wo mumuco waba Yoruba, <ref>{{Cite web |last=ETUKUDO |first=Itoro |date=2023-05-11 |title=How I came about the name, Ayra Starr |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/how-i-came-about-the-name-ayra-starr/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> hamwe n'ababyeyi bombi bo muri Leta ya Kwara . Yakuriye mu ndimi nyinshi, yiga Yoruba kandi yiga [[Igifaransa|n'Igifaransa]] mu myaka ye ya mbere i Bénin, azi kandi neza [[icyongereza]] nururimi rwa Nigeriya Pidgin akoresha kenshi mu mirimo ye no mu mikoranire y'abanyamakuru. Umuryango we wimutse kenshi bitewe nubucuruzi bwa se, byatumye bigorana kurema ubucuti burambye nabandi bana mumashuri yisumbuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Aderibigbe ni uwa kabiri mu bana batanu. Mukuru we Dami (wavutse 2000) yabaye umucuranzi wa gitari na nutunganya umuziki; barumuna be barimo Ade, Tolulope, na Jesutunmise. <ref name="Legitnewsng">{{Cite news |last=Muhonji |first=Muhunya |date=4 May 2023 |title=Ayra Starr’s biography: age, real name, family, boyfriend |url=https://www.legit.ng/ask-legit/biographies/1532572-ayra-starrs-biography-age-real-family-boyfriend/ |access-date=1 November 2025 |work=[[legit.ng]] |language=en}}</ref> Umuziki wari ingenzi mubuzima bwumuryango. Nyina, wahoze ari umuririmbyi, na Dami bagize uruhare rukomeye mukubagenderaho. Afite imyaka icumi, yinjiye muri korari y'ishuri atangira kwandika indirimbo hamwe na Dami, bayobowe na nyina na nyirasenge. Abavandimwe be nabo bashinze itsinda kandi bahoraga binjira mumarushanwa yumuziki waho bari batuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Nubwo Aderibigbe yakundaga ubuhanzi akiri ingimbi, ise yari yaramusabye gushyira imbere amasomo mbere yuko apfa. Yize muri kaminuza <ref name="Rollingstone1">{{Cite web |last=Conteh |first=Mankaprr |date=13 August 2021 |title=The Sharp and Swift Ascent of Ayra Starr |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/arya-star-interview-1211965/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190332/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/arya-star-interview-1211965/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=12 September 2021}}</ref> Cours Sonou muri Cotonou ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya BA mu mibanire mpuzamahanga na siyanse ya politiki . <ref name="Rollingstone1" /> Mu myaka ya kaminuza, yakunze gutotezwa nabanyeshuri bigana kubera imyaka ye ndetse nisura. Kugira ngo ahangane n'ibyiyumvo yagize byo gutukwa, yitabaje umuziki. "Numvaga Nicki Minaj ngiye ku ishuri maze nkumva meze nka Nicki Minaj wa kabiri." <ref name="Hypebae3" />Nyina wa Aderibigbe yashyigikiraga cyane ibyifuzo bye bya muzika kandi buri gihe yamushishikarizaga gukora umwuga wo kuririmba. <ref name="NME"/> === 2018–2020: Intangiriro yumwuga === Ubunararibonye bwa Starr bwarimo guhatana akiri umwana kuri televiziyo ya Nigeriya yerekana impano ya ''Maltina Dance All'', aho yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri kandi yatsindiye televiziyo nk'igihembo, ibyo umuryango we wabonaga ari ikimenyetso cyerekana impano ye hakiri kare. <ref name="TLBF">{{Cite news |last=Wright |first=Andrew |title=On the Rise: Ayra Starr |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/interviews/ayra-starr-on-the-rise |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808170329/https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/interviews/ayra-starr-on-the-rise |archive-date=8 August 2021 |access-date=12 September 2021 |work=[[The Line of Best Fit]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=“Dare To Dream” Review—Ayra Starr Documentary Connects The Past To The Future |url=https://culturecustodian.com/dare-to-dream-review-ayra-starr-documentary-connects-the-past-to-the-future/ |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)}}</ref> Mu myaka y’ishuri, yakoze mashup ibyitwa nko kuvanga indirimbo ebyiri arizo One Direction '" Inkuru y'Ubuzima Bwanjye " na " Sade " ya Adekunle Gold mu gitaramo cy'ishuri. Nk’uko Starr abitangaza ngo iki gitaramo cyateye ababyeyi n'abarimu amarira, maze ashishikarizwa gufatana uburemere umuziki, ibyo bikaba byararanze ibyo yaje kuvuga ko ari "[[itangiriro]]". Muri 2018 <ref name="TLBF" />, Starr yasinyanye na Quove Models, ikigo gishinzwe kwerekana imideli i Lagos . Nyuma yaje kwigana ibigo nka Studio ya Mazelle, Ikinyamakuru cyuzuye cyimyambarire, na Esperanza Woman. Nyuma yaje kuvuga ko umuziki n’imyambarire ari inyungu zuzuzanya byaje bisanzwe kuri we. <ref name="Notionmag">{{Cite news |last=Smith |first=Niall |date=15 November 2021 |title=Ayra Starr: Afropop's Bold New Leader {{!}} Notion Interview |url=https://notion.online/ayra-starr-afropops-bold-new-leader-interview/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=Notion}}</ref> Muri icyo gihe kimwe, yatangiye no guteza imbere umwuga we wo kuririmba binyuze kuri murandasi. Muri 2019, yatangiye gushyira hanze indirimbo zisubiyemo b zabahanzi nka Andra Day na 2Face Idibia kumbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref name="NME"/> Muri uwo mwaka, Starr yanakinnye mu gitaramo cy’imivugo aho yerekanaga amashusho ya Jorja Smith " Ntunyitegereze ndira ", yibutsa ko bamwe mu bari bateraniye aho barize mu gihe cye. <ref name="NMETalks">{{Cite news |last=Holden |first=Finlay |date=17 August 2021 |title=Ayra Starr talks NME through her ‘Firsts’ |url=https://www.nme.com/features/music-interviews/ayra-starr-interview-firsts-3015579 |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=NME}}</ref> Yahisemo izina rya stage "Ayra Starr" kubera ko ryasobanuraga "gukanguka no guhumura amaso," <ref name="Schonmag">{{Cite news |last=Sibanda |first=Thandie |date=25 February 2021 |title=interview {{!}} ayra starr |url=https://schonmagazine.com/interview-ayra-starr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417104159/https://schonmagazine.com/interview-ayra-starr/ |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=17 April 2021 |work=Schön! Magazine}}</ref> kandi agaragara mu mashusho y’indirimbo ya Eri Ife yise" Umugore w'ejo hazaza.Nubwo yakomeje kwamamara kuri murandasi ntiyakomeje gushidikanya ku bijyanye no gukurikirana umuziki ndetse anatekereza ku micungire y’umuziki kugira ngo ashyigikire amashusho y’umuvandimwe we Dami . Nkumuntu warukiri kwiga, yashimwe [[:en:Mavin_Records|Mavin Records]], byatumye abarimu bamutangarira kubona amashusho ye muri telephone zabo yakozwe nikigo cyumuziki gikorera abahanzi bazwi nka Di'Ja na Korede Bello. <ref name="ayraradar">{{Cite news |last=Gunn |first=Charlotte |date=31 August 2022 |title=On The Radar: Ayra Starr |url=https://www.musicweek.com/interviews/read/on-the-radar-ayra-starr/086464 |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=[[Music Week]] |language=en}}</ref> [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] == Other ventures ==    '''Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe''' Sarah Oyinkansola Aderibigbe (wavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002), uzwi cyane nka '''Ayra Starr''', ni umuririmbyi n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo wo muri Nijeriya. Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu '''2022''' ubwo yasohoraga indirimbo '''“Rush”'''. Iyo ndirimbo yagiye ku rutonde rw’indirimbo zikunzwe mu bihugu bitandukanye birimo Ubusuwisi, Irilande n’Ubwongereza, aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. <ref name=":0"/> Yanamuhesheje kandi guhabwa '''nominasiyo mu bihembo bya Grammy ku nshuro ya 66''' nk’umunyafurika witwaye neza. <ref name=":1"/> Mu ntangiriro za 2021, Starr yatangiye umwuga we asohora umuzingo wambere windirimbo wiswe Ayra Starr ndetse nindirimbo yambere yari iriho yise " Away ", yamaze ibyumweru bibiri bikurikiranye kuri numero ya kane kurutonde rwa TurnTable Top 50 ya Nijeriya; iyi indirimbo kandi yageze ku mwanya wa 17 kuri Billboard Top Triller Global chart. Yakurikiwe no kumurika alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio, 19 & Dangerous (2021). yashyizwe mu byiciro nka Afropop na R&B, yakiriwe neza kandi itanga ibyiciro bibiri bya mbere muri Nijeriya. Indirimbo ya mbere yise " Amaraso y'umusamariya " yageze ku mbonerahamwe ya Top 50, iba indirimbo ya mbere y’umuhanzi w’umugore igeze ku mwanya wa mbere. Muri Kanama muri uwo mwaka, Starr yashyizwe ku mwanya wa gatatu ku bahanzi bitezwe muri Billboard . <ref name="NBS2">{{cite magazine|title=Next Big Sound Chart|url=https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|magazine=Billboard|access-date=21 August 2021|archive-date=21 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210821064614/https://www.billboard.com/charts/next-big-sound-25/2021-08-21|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri 2024, Starr yasohoye alubumu ye ya kabiri, ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . == Ubuzima n'umwuga == === Ubuzima bwo hambere === Oyinkansola Sarah Aderibigbe yavutse ku ya 14 Kamena 2002 i Cotonou, [[Bene|muri Bénin]], akurira hagati aho no i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. <ref name="Hypebae3"/>Ni Umunyanijeriya kandi ni umurage wa Yoruba, <ref>{{Cite web |last=ETUKUDO |first=Itoro |date=2023-05-11 |title=How I came about the name, Ayra Starr |url=https://www.icirnigeria.org/how-i-came-about-the-name-ayra-starr/ |access-date=2025-04-09 |website=The ICIR- Latest News, Politics, Governance, Elections, Investigation, Factcheck, Covid-19 |language=en-GB}}</ref> hamwe n'ababyeyi bombi bo muri Leta ya Kwara . Yakuriye mu ndimi nyinshi, yiga Yoruba kandi yiga [[Igifaransa]] mu myaka ye ya mbere i Bénin, kandi azi neza icyongereza na Nigeriya Pidgin, akoresha kenshi mu mirimo ye no mu mikoranire y'abanyamakuru. Umuryango we wimukiye kenshi, bitewe nubucuruzi bwa se, byatumye bigorana kurema ubucuti burambye mumashuri yisumbuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Aderibigbe ni uwa kabiri mu bana batanu. Mukuru we Dami (wavutse 2000) yabaye umucuranzi wa gitari na nutunganya umuziki; barumuna be barimo Ade, Tolulope, na Jesutunmise. <ref name="Legitnewsng"/> Umuziki wari ingenzi mubuzima bwumuryango. Nyina, wahoze ari umuririmbyi, na Dami bagize uruhare rukomeye mukubagenderaho. Afite imyaka icumi, yinjiye muri korari y'ishuri atangira kwandika indirimbo hamwe na Dami, bayobowe na nyina na nyirasenge. Abavandimwe be nabo bashinze itsinda kandi bahoraga binjira mumarushanwa yumuziki waho bari batuye. <ref name="Hypebae3" /> Nubwo Aderibigbe yakundaga ubuhanzi akiri ingimbi, ise yari yaramusabye gushyira imbere amasomo mbere yuko apfa. Yize muri kaminuza <ref name="Rollingstone1"/> Cours Sonou muri Cotonou ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya BA mu mibanire mpuzamahanga na siyanse ya politiki . <ref name="Rollingstone1" /> Mu myaka ya kaminuza, yakunze gutotezwa nabanyeshuri bigana kubera imyaka ye ndetse nisura. Kugira ngo ahangane n'ibyiyumvo yagize byo gutukwa, yitabaje umuziki. "Numvaga Nicki Minaj ngiye ku ishuri maze nkumva meze nka Nicki Minaj wa kabiri." <ref name="Hypebae3"/>Nyina wa Aderibigbe yashyigikiraga cyane ibyifuzo bye bya muzika kandi buri gihe yamushishikarizaga gukora umwuga wo kuririmba.<ref name="NME"/> === 2018–2020: Intangiriro yumwuga === Ubunararibonye bwa Starr bwarimo guhatana akiri umwana kuri televiziyo ya Nigeriya yerekana impano ya ''Maltina Dance All'', aho yarangije ku mwanya wa kabiri kandi yatsindiye televiziyo nk'igihembo, ibyo umuryango we wabonaga ari ikimenyetso cyerekana impano ye hakiri kare. <ref name="TLBF"/> <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 September 2024 |title=“Dare To Dream” Review—Ayra Starr Documentary Connects The Past To The Future |url=https://culturecustodian.com/dare-to-dream-review-ayra-starr-documentary-connects-the-past-to-the-future/ |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.)}}</ref> Mu myaka y’ishuri, yakoze mashup ibyitwa nko kuvanga indirimbo ebyiri arizo One Direction '" Inkuru y'Ubuzima Bwanjye " na " Sade " ya Adekunle Gold mu gitaramo cy'ishuri. Nk’uko Starr abitangaza ngo iki gitaramo cyateye ababyeyi n'abarimu amarira, maze ashishikarizwa gufatana uburemere umuziki, ibyo bikaba byararanze ibyo yaje kuvuga ko ari "itangiriro". Muri 2018 <ref name="TLBF" />, Starr yasinyanye na Quove Models, ikigo gishinzwe kwerekana imideli i Lagos . Nyuma yaje kwigana ibigo nka Studio ya Mazelle, Ikinyamakuru cyuzuye cyimyambarire, na Esperanza Woman. Nyuma yaje kuvuga ko umuziki n’imyambarire ari inyungu zuzuzanya byaje bisanzwe kuri we. <ref name="Notionmag"/> Muri icyo gihe kimwe, yatangiye no guteza imbere umwuga we wo kuririmba binyuze kuri murandasi. Muri 2019, yatangiye gushyira hanze indirimbo zisubiyemo b zabahanzi nka Andra Day na 2Face Idibia kumbuga nkoranyambaga.<ref name="NME">{{Cite web |date=16 February 2021 |title=Ayra Starr: Nigerian teen leading her generation's sonic revolution |url=https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/ayra-starr-nigerian-teen-leading-her-generations-sonic-revolution-2880834 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417095939/https://www.nme.com/blogs/nme-radar/ayra-starr-nigerian-teen-leading-her-generations-sonic-revolution-2880834 |archive-date=17 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> Muri uwo mwaka, Starr yanakinnye mu gitaramo cy’imivugo aho yerekanaga amashusho ya Jorja Smith " Ntunyitegereze ndira ", yibutsa ko bamwe mu bari bateraniye aho barize mu gihe cye. <ref name="NMETalks"/> Yahisemo izina rya stage "Ayra Starr" kubera ko ryasobanuraga "gukanguka no guhumura amaso," <ref name="Schonmag"/> kandi agaragara mu mashusho y’indirimbo ya Eri Ife yise" Umugore w'ejo hazaza.Nubwo yakomeje kwamamara kuri murandasi ntiyakomeje gushidikanya ku bijyanye no gukurikirana umuziki ndetse anatekereza ku micungire y’umuziki kugira ngo ashyigikire amashusho y’umuvandimwe we Dami . Nkumuntu warukiri kwiga, yashimwe [[:en:Mavin_Records|Mavin Records]], byatumye abarimu bamutangarira kubona amashusho ye muri telephone zabo yakozwe nikigo cyumuziki gikorera abahanzi bazwi nka Di'Ja na Korede Bello. <ref name="ayraradar"/> Ukuboza 2019, Starr yashyize ahagaragara indirimbo yumwimerere yitwa "Ibyangiritse" kurupapuro rwe rwa Instagram . Mu masaha atatu, uwashinze Mavin Don Jazzy yamwoherereje ubutumwa butaziguye bugaragaza ko ashimishijwe n'umuziki we kandi amutumira guhura. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vincent |first=Oladoyinbo |date=13 February 2024 |title=How I Got Signed By Don Jazzy |url=https://devone.com.ng/2024/02/how-ayra-starr-got-signed-to-don-jazzys-marvin-records-must-read.html |access-date= |website=DevOne Africa |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423132509/https://www.devone.com.ng/2024/02/how-ayra-starr-got-signed-to-don-jazzys-marvin-records-must-read.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="NME"/> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Onyango |first=Alfayo |date=2 April 2021 |title=Arya Starr: Nigerian teen music sensation |url=https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/2001408298/arya-starr-nigerian-teen-music-sensation |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210402132222/https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/entertainment/news/2001408298/arya-starr-nigerian-teen-music-sensation |archive-date=2 April 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=[[The Standard (Kenya)]]}}</ref> Nyuma Starr yabibonye yari kurya ibinyampeke maze abonye ubutumwa avuza induru yishimye, nuko nyirasenge amufasha gutanga igisubizo. <ref name="TLBF"/> Don Jazzy yavumbuye page ye abinyujije kumuntu wamukurikinaga kumbuga nkoranyambaga wakundaga gusangiza abandi ibihangano byabahanzi bakiri bato. Abonye ubutumwa bwe bwa mbere butabonye igisubizo, yamuvugishije abinyujije kuri musaza we. <ref name="donjazzysign">{{Cite news |last=ADEKUNLE |first=MUSA |date=28 September 2025 |title=Why I signed Ayra Starr to Mavin Records - Don Jazzy |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/why-i-signed-ayra-starr-to-mavin-records-don-jazzy/ |access-date=30 October 2025 |work=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News}}</ref> Isomo rya mbere rya Starr kuri Studiyo ya Mavin kwari ukumenyekanisha amajwi yabigize umwuga. Yiyemereye ko yari afite ubwoba bwinshi muri ibyo bihe; we na murumuna we bizihizaga bucece igihe cyose Don Jazzy yabaga avuye mucyumba, hanyuma akongera guhimba agarutse. <ref name="Rollingstone1"/> Nyuma yaje gutekereza ku miterere ya Mavin nkumuryango aho gushingira ku bucuruzi. <ref name="Rollingstone1" />, muri 2020 yafatiye amajwi muri Studiyo ya Mavin i Lagos hamwe na ba producer Louddaaa, Don Jazzy, na Dayogrey. <ref name="Rollingstone1" /> [[Dosiye:Ayra_Starr_performs_Rush_at_Shoke_Shoke_Festival.webm|right|thumb| Ayra Starr akora "Rush" mu iserukiramuco rya Shoke Shoke muri Kenya, 2023.]] Umuzingo wambere yikoreye yise umukino wa wagutse wasohotse ku ya 22 Mutarama 2021 abinyujije kuri Mavin Records.<ref name="Apple">{{Cite web |last=Asejemu |first=Mojisola |date=10 January 2025 |title=Ayra Starr Net Worth 2025, New Songs and Achievements |url=https://www.naijapickup.com/mp3-music/artistes/ayra-starr/ |access-date=10 January 2025 |website=Np media |language=en-us |archive-date=24 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324064638/https://www.naijapickup.com/mp3-music/artistes/ayra-starr/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> yasobanuwe nk "amateka y’urukundo cyangwa ibihe bishingiye ku rukundo" kandi "ahuza ibintu bya R&amp;amp;B / neo-roho na Afropop percussion." <ref name="Pulse">{{Cite news |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=22 January 2021 |title=Ayra Starr sounds like a disruptor with a soul of 'lamba' on her self-titled debut [Pulse EP Review] |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/review-ayra-starr-ayra-starr-ep/xlbmdm3 |access-date=12 April 2021 |work=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Starr yavuze ko icyifuzo cye muri aya majwi ari ugukora umuziki uzumvikana n'abumva ndetse n'abakuru. <ref name="eighteenmag">{{Cite news |date=25 February 2021 |title=Ayra Starr |url=http://1883magazine.com/ayra-starr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413083834/http://1883magazine.com/ayra-starr/ |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=1883 Magazine}}</ref> Kuvanga no kumenya neza umuzingo wizo ndirimbo byakozwe na Ikon, Louddaaa na Johnny Drille . Starr yanditse imwe mu ndirimbo kuri uwo muzingo wenyine kandi afatanya kwandika eyne zisigaye hamwe na murumuna we Dami. <ref name="Apple" /> Nyuma gato yo gusohoka, uwo muzingo wabaye alubumu ya mbere kuri Nigeriya iTunes na Apple Music . Kugeza muri Werurwe 2021, wageze ku mwanya umwe kuri Apple Music mu bindi bihugu 4, yumvwa munshuro zirenga miliyoni 15 muri Spotify, YouTube na Audio Mack . Uyu mushinga wabyaye inzira " Away " wageze ku mwanya wa kane kuri <nowiki><i id="mw7w">TurnTable</i></nowiki> Top 50 yo muri Nijeriya na 17 muri Amerika <nowiki><i id="mw8Q">Billboard</i></nowiki> Top Triller Global . Amashusho y'indirimbo ayiherekeza kandi yerekanwe ku rubuga rwa MTV Base <ref name="TurnTable">{{Cite web |title=Turntable Charts |url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190330/https://www.turntablecharts.com/Charts/Top50 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> rwa ''Naija'' Top 10 ''.'' <ref name="OkayAfrica">{{Cite news |date=27 January 2021 |title=The 9 Best Nigerian Songs of the Month (January) |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-music-songs-best-january/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210504023657/https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-music-songs-best-january/ |archive-date=4 May 2021 |access-date=6 April 2021 |work=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> Starr yasohoye verisiyo ya remix ya "Ija" na " Away " irimo Tokimonsta na Lilo hagati ya Werurwe na Mata. Muri kiriya gihe kimwe, Umuzingo ''Twelve AM'' ya Crayon wasohotse hamwe nijwi rye mundirimbo "Muri Sync." <ref>{{Cite news |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=26 March 2021 |title=Rema, Ayra Starr, Bella Shmurda feature on Crayon's new EP, 'Twelve AM' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/stream-crayon-twelve-am/8rtfk02 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413072323/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/stream-crayon-twelve-am/8rtfk02 |archive-date=13 April 2021 |access-date=13 April 2021 |work=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-NG}}</ref> Yakinnye muri " UC Berkeley " Ishyirahamwe ry’abanyeshuri bo muri Nijeriya ryerekana umuco wiswe Olori Awards.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Okobz |first=Ralph |date=20 April 2021 |title=Watch Ayra Starr's Captivating UC Berkeley Performance |url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-uc-berkeley-performance-watch/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503132542/https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-uc-berkeley-performance-watch/ |archive-date=3 May 2021 |access-date=5 May 2021 |website=[[NotJustOk]]}}</ref> Muri Mata 2021 , amashusho y’indirimbo ye "DITR" yasohotse kuri YouTube abinyujije kuri Mavin. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 April 2021 |title=New Video: Ayra Starr – DITR |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/04/ayra-starr-ditr-video/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190332/https://www.bellanaija.com/2021/04/ayra-starr-ditr-video/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=5 May 2021 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2021, hasohotse amashusho yindirimbo yindi ndirimbo yitwa "Sare". Amashusho yindirimbo yombi yayobowe na Afolabi Olalekan. Ku ya 11 Nyakanga 2021, Starr yaririmbye shampiyona yanyuma ya ''Nigeriya Idol'' . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Edeme |first=Victoria |date=11 July 2021 |title=Ice Prince, Ayra Starr, others perform at Nigerian Idol Grand Finale |url=https://punchng.com/ice-prince-ayra-starr-others-perform-at-nigrian-idol-grand-finale/ |access-date=27 July 2021 |work=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> Ku ya 6 Kanama 2021, Album ye ya mbere ya studio, yise ''19 &amp;amp; Dangerous'' yashyizwe ahagaragara. Kuri iyi alubumu, yakoranye na bagenzi be bahoze bakorana Louddaaa na Don Jazzy, bombi bakaba baragize uruhare mu gutanga umusaruro kuri EP ''Ayra Starr'', ndetse n'abafatanyabikorwa bashya, London na Andre Vibez. Iyi alubumu yerekanye bwa mbere gufatanwa amajwi hamwe nabahanzi babatumirwa nka Fousheé na CKay . <ref>{{Cite news |title=Ayra Starr Set To Release Visual For "Beggie Beggie" with Ckay |url=https://wapbeatz.com/news/ayra-starr-set-to-release-visual-for-beggie-beggie/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190332/https://wapbeatz.com/news/ayra-starr-set-to-release-visual-for-beggie-beggie/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=28 January 2022 |work=wapBeatz.com}}</ref> Yahuye niyakirwa ryiza hamwe nabashima benshi amajwi yayo nkayambere muri Afropop na R&B. Yabyaye ibitego bibiri bya mbere mirongo ine kuri ''TurnTable'' Top 50, isumba izindi ni " Umusamariya Wamaraso ", iyo indirimbo yonyine, yabaye iya Starr ya mbere ya mbere ku mbonerahamwe. Indirimbo yazamutse muri Top 50 mu byumweru byinshi, kandi, ku mbonerahamwe yo ku ya 27 Nzeri 2021, yageze ku mwanya wa mbere, bituma Starr aba umuhanzi w'umugore wa mbere ubikora ufite indirimbo wenyine. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Badewa |first=Collins |date=19 July 2021 |title=Rave News Digest: Ayra Starr Announces Album Release Date, Colin Kaepernick Writing A Book, Giroud + More |url=https://www.stylerave.com/ayra-starr-album-release-date/ |access-date=20 July 2021 |work=Style Rave}}</ref> ' [ ''4'' <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2021 |title=DNA Mix: Throwback |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000y75k |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730090510/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m000y75k |archive-date=30 July 2021 |access-date=30 July 2021 |publisher=[[BBC Radio 1Xtra]] |via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike |first=Steven |date=6 August 2021 |title=Ayra Starr 19 & Dangerous Album |url=https://ivorymp3.com/ayra-starr-19-dangerous-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190331/https://ivorymp3.com/ayra-starr-19-dangerous-album/ |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=10 August 2021 |website=ivoryMP3}}</ref>​ Muri Nzeri 2021, yagizwe ambasaderi w’ikirango muri Pepsi Nigeriya. Bukeye, Starr yaririmbye mugihe cyo kwerekana imbonankubone ya ''Big Brother Naija'' . <ref name="Pepsi">{{Cite news |date=4 September 2021 |title=Pepsi unveils new ambassadors Ayra Starr and Rema #ForTheLoveOfMusic |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2021/09/pepsi-unveils-new-ambassadors-ayra-starr-and-rema-fortheloveofmusic/ |access-date=10 September 2021 |work=Vanguard News}}</ref> Yakoranye na Check kuri "Akaga", indirimbo ya kabiri kuri alubumu ye ''Bravo'' . Mu bihembo bya 8 bya Afurika Muzik Magazine Awards, yatorewe igihembo cyiza cy'umuhanzi mushya. Muri Werurwe 2022, Starr yiswe "Up Now" na serivise yo gutunganya umuziki Audiomack . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-22 |title=Ayra Starr Is #UpNow |url=https://audiomack.com/world/post/ayra-starr-is-upnow-announcement |access-date=2024-06-10 |website=Audiomack World |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 16 Nzeri 2022, Starr yasohoye " Rush " nkimwe mundirimbo zigize album ya ''19 &amp;amp; Dangerous'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2022-09-16 |title=Ayra Starr Releases "Rush" Her First Single Of The Year |url=https://guardian.ng/life/ayra-starr-releases-rush-her-first-single-of-the-year/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0"/>mu turere twinshi, harimo Ubusuwisi, Irilande n'Ubwongereza, aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. Yabaye indirimbo yambere icuranzwe cyane kuri spotify yakozwe numugore wenyine wumunyanijeriya kandi yanatumye aba umunyafurika wambere wumugore urenze miliyoni ijana kundirimbo imwe yarebwe kuri yutube kandi yanatumye Starr ahamagarwa bwambere muri Grammy Awards ya 66 ngarukamwaka mu bihembo byiza bya muzika nyafurika . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMY Nominations: See The Full Nominees List {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=www.grammy.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayra Starr's "Rush" To The Top: The Afrobeats Singer On Numerology, The Male Gaze & The Power Of Kelly Rowland {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://grammy.com/news/ayra-starr-interview-2024-grammys-best-african-music-performance-videos |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=grammy.com}}</ref>​''​'' Kuya 10 Ugushyingo2022 yagaragaye mu ndirimbo ya Wizkid ya gatanu kuri alubumu yitwa urukundo rwinshi kwiyemera gucye. Indirimbo yageze ku mwanya wa 1 mu ndirimbo zigezweho kuri Billboard, kandi yerekanwe ku mwanya wa 5 ku mbonerahamwe y’indirimbo za Billboard US Afrobeats . Ku ya 4 Werurwe 2023, Starr yerekeje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga atangaza ko umuziki we wakoreshejwe mu rwego rwo gufata amajwi ya filime ''Creed III'' . <ref name="Aliyu">{{Cite news |date=4 March 2023 |title=Ayra Starr gushes as her song gets featured in Hollywood's,Creed III |url=https://tribuneonlineng.com/ayra-starr-gushes-as-her-song-gets-featured-in-hollywoods-creed-iii/ |access-date=4 March 2023 |work=tribuneonlineng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-20 |title=Nigerian singer Ayra Starr names Cristiano Ronaldo among her idols |url=https://soccerbrief.co.uk/nigerian-singer-ayra-starr-names-cristiano-ronaldo-among-her-idols/ |access-date=2023-06-20 |website=SoccerBrief.co.uk |language=en-gb}}</ref> Ku ya 13 Nyakanga 2023, Starr yatangaje ko azayobora urugendo rwe rwa mbere ruzenguruka isi rwiswe 21: The World Tour . Muri urwo ruzinduko harimo guhagarara <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Ayra Starr Announces First Headlining World Tour / Reveals Dates - That Grape Juice |url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2023/07/ayra-starr-announces-first-headlining-world-tour-reveals-dates/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=thatgrapejuice.net}}</ref> [[Amerika ya Ruguru]], Afurika, [[Burayi|Uburayi]] na [[Ositaraliya]]. Ku ya 27 <ref name=":2" /> Ukwakira 2023, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo ya David Guetta yitwa " Big FU ", hamwe n'umuraperi Lil Durk . Yageze ku mwanya wa 23 ku ndirimbo za Afrobeats zo muri Amerika na No 18 kuri Nouvelle-Zélande Top 40 yambere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=David Guetta dévoile un nouveau morceau "Big FU" |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/hot-singles/2023-11-03 |access-date=10 February 2024 |website=[[Official New Zealand Music Chart|NZ Top 40]]}}</ref> === 2024 - ubungubu: ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' === Mu mpera za 2023, Starr yatangiye gukora kuri alubumu ye ya kabiri yo muri studio, ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . Umushinga wagaragaje ubwihindurize bukomeye mubukorikori bwe, bugaragaza insanganyamatsiko yo kwishakisha, urukundo, intimba no guha imbaraga. Starr yasobanuye ko umutwe wa alubumu watewe inkunga no kuba yarakuze, asobanura ko "atari imyaka gusa, ahubwo ko ari imikurire, kwivumbura, n'amasomo nize mu nzira." Amahugurwa yo gufata amajwi yabereye kuri Studiyo ya Mavin i Lagos akomeza mu 2024, hamwe n’umusanzu watanzwe na Louddaaa, London, na Johnny Drille, ndetse na producer Rvssian watowe na Grammy. Starr yavuze ko gufata amajwi ari "urugendo rwo kugerageza no kwigaragaza, aho nemereye kuba umunyantege nke." <ref>{{Cite news |last=Magnocavallo |first=Fabio |date=30 May 2024 |title=Ayra Starr |url=https://www.euphoriazine.com/blog/2024/05/covers-ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21/ |access-date=17 November 2024 |work=EUPHORIA.}}</ref> Mugihe cyo gutunganya alubumu, Starr yatangiye kubaka imbaraga n'amahirwe akomeye n'abafatanyabikorwa. Ku ya 5 Werurwe 2024, umuhanzi w’umunyamerika uririmba injyana ya R&B , Chris Brown, yatangaje ko mu 2024 Starr azaba kimwe mu bikorwa byo gutangiza uruzinduko rwe rwa 11:11 muri Amerika ya Ruguru, bishimangira kuba mpuzamahanga ahari <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chris Brown Announces "The 11:11 Tour" Dates With Muni Long and Ayra Starr |url=https://www.rap-up.com/2024/03/05/chris-brown-announces-the-1111-tour-dates-with-muni-long-and-ayra-starr/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=Rap-Up |language=en-US}}</ref> ku ya 8 Mata 2024, producer Rvssian wo muri Jamayike yasohoye indirimbo " Santa ", ku bufatanye n’umuhanzi Starr hamwe n’umuhanzi Rauw Alejandro wa reggaeton. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=LaMezcla |date=2024-04-08 |title=Rvssian Rauw Alejandro & Ayra Starr Release New Single "Santa" |url=https://lamezcla.com/rvssian-rauw-alejandro-ayra-starr-release-new-single-santa/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501024755/https://lamezcla.com/rvssian-rauw-alejandro-ayra-starr-release-new-single-santa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inzira yahindutse yamenyekanye cyane, ihuza Afropop, reggaeton, na Dancehall. Byatumye kandi Starr aba umuhanzi wambere wigitsina gore wo muri Nigeriya wageze kuri miliyoni 20 zabantu bamwumva kuri Spotify. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-04-30 |title=Ayra Starr achieves 2 career milestones on Spotify |url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-career-milestones-on-spotify/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=NotjustOk |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vaseline |date=2024-04-30 |title=Ayra Starr reaches 2 career milestones on Spotify |url=https://www.pkauto.ca/post/op49500cd11/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-05-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240501182722/https://www.pkauto.ca/post/op49500cd11/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri uko kwezi, Starr yitabiriye ibirori bya Fenty i Londres, aho yahuriye na Rihanna . Imikoranire yabo, yafashwe muri videwo ikwirakwizwa cyane, yateje kwibaza ku bufatanye bushoboka. <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 April 2024 |title=Rihanna & Ayra Starr Finally Meet at FENTY X PUMA London Launch - That Grape Juice |url=https://thatgrapejuice.net/2024/04/rihanna-ayra-starr-finally-meet-at-fenty-x-puma-london-launch/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |work=thatgrapejuice.net}}</ref> Rihanna, wavumbuye umuziki wa Starr abinyujije kuri mubyara we, yagaragaje ko yishimiye Starr anabaza ibijyanye no gukorana na Starr na Tems. Nyuma Starr yagize icyo avuga ku mikoranire, agaragaza ko yishimiye ko Rihanna ashimishijwe kandi ko yiteguye gukorana n'abahanzi bombi mu bihe biri imbere. <ref>{{Cite news |date=19 April 2024 |title=Why I want a song with Ayra Starr – Rihanna |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2024/04/why-i-want-a-song-with-ayra-starr-rihanna/ |access-date=9 July 2024 |work=Vanguard}}</ref> Mbere yo gusohora TYIT21, Starr yabanje gusohora izindi ndirimbo nyinshi ari wenyine. "Rhythm & Blues" yasohotse ku ya 13 Nzeri 2023, yinjiye mu nsanganyamatsiko z’urukundo na karahanyuze, mu gihe "Commas" yasohotse ku ya 2 Gashyantare 2024, yagaragaje icyizere n'ubwigenge mu bijyanye n'amafaranga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ayra Starr's New Single Has Her Staying Focused On Her "Commas" – Okayplayer |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/ayra-starr-commas-new-single/ |access-date=2024-05-01 |website=www.okayafrica.com |language=en}}</ref> "Santa", yasohotse ku ya 8 Mata 2024, yabaye inzira ihagaze neza, ishimirwa injyana yayo ishimishije ndetse n'amagambo akinisha. Buri ndirimbo yari iherekejwe n'amashusho yindirimbo zigaragara ziyobowe nabayobozi bakomeye bo muri Afrika, byubaka gutegereza alubumu yuzuye. ''Umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' wasohotse kumugaragaro ku ya 31 Gicurasi 2024, binyuze muri Mavin Records. Iyi alubumu igaragaramo ubufatanye n'abahanzi nka Seyi Vibez, Coco Jones, Giveon, Asake, Anitta na Rauw Alejandro. Indirimbo nka "Umugore w'umukomando," zirimo Coco Jones na Anitta, zigaragaza ubushobozi bwa Starr bwo guhuza injyana ya Afrobeat nuburyo bwa pop bwiburengerazuba. Avuga kuri ubwo ku bufatanye, yagize ati: "Buri muhanzi yazanye ikintu kidasanzwe, ansunika gushakisha impande nshya z'ubuhanzi bwanjye." Imaze gusohoka, alubumu yatangiriye ku mwanya wa mbere ku mbonerahamwe ya Album ya Nijeriya maze yinjira muri <nowiki><i id="mwAcA">Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 kuri No 195, bituma Starr aba umuhanzi w’umugore wa mbere wo muri Nijeriya wageze kuri iyi ntambwe. Abakenguzamateka bashimye umusaruro wayo udasanzwe hamwe no kuvuga inkuru hamwe. ''Pitchfork'' yavuze ko iyo alubumu ari "umurimo utinyitse kandi werekana neza unasobanura Afropop igezweho." Inndirimbo nka "21" zashimiwe cyane kubwimbaraga zamarangamutima, mugihe "Abana Bameze neza" yagaragazaga amajwi yumuryango wa Starr, bigatuma abamwumva bamenya neza ubuzima bwe bwite. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Chokrane |first=Boutayna |title=Ayra Starr: The Year I Turned 21 |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/ayra-starr-the-year-i-turned-21/ |access-date=17 November 2024 |work=Pitchfork}}</ref> Nyuma yo kumurika alubumu, Starr yakoze ibitaramo mpuzamahanga bikomeye kandi ashyigikira abahanzi bamenyekanye mu ngendo zikomeye. Yabashije kuba nk'igikorwa cyo gutangiza urugendo rwa Chris Brown mu 2024 11:11 Yerekeje mu mijyi 26 yo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru kuva muri Kamena kugeza Kanama, aho yerekanaga inndirimbo nshya kuva kuri ''mu mwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' . Muri kamena 2024, Starr yakoze amateka nkumuhanzi wambere wumugore wumunyafurika witwaye neza kuri Glastonbury Festival ya Pyramid Stage. <ref name="Glastonbury">{{Cite news |last=Savage |first=Mark |date=25 June 2024 |title=Ayra Starr on her 'crazy' Glastonbury debut and meeting Rihanna |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd11vjg2y1vo |access-date=9 November 2025 |work=www.bbc.com}}</ref> Yayoboye kandi Afro Nation Detroit muri Kanama. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Claxton |first=Christopher |date=19 August 2024 |title=Afrobeats to the World: 4 Best Moments at Afro Nation Detroit |url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/afro-nation-detroit-2024-recap-best-moments/rb-meets-afrobeats-with-partynextdoor/ |access-date=9 November 2025 |work=Billboard}}</ref> Abakenguzamateka berekanye ''umwaka nujuje imyaka 21'' nkisobanura ubuzima bwa Starr, aho ''Billboard'' yayishimye "nk'insanganyamatsiko yerekana gukura no nintumbero zihura n'imico yose." Starr yakoranye na Coldplay ku ndirimbo "Ibyiyumvo byiza" yo muri alubumu ya ''Moon Music'' ya Coldplay kandi yari igikorwa cyo gushyigikira itsinda rya Muzika rya Spheres World Tour muri Ositaraliya na Nouvelle-Zélande. Muri Gashyantare 2025, Starr yatangije umwaka n'indirimbo ye ya mbere yise "Urukundo Rwose", ashyiraho urwego ruzaba umwe mu myaka ye yihinduka rye. <ref name="uproxx">{{Cite news |last=Pointer |first=Flisadam |date=11 February 2025 |title=Ayra Starr Has ’All The Love’ To Give On Her Affirming New Single |url=https://uproxx.com/music/ayra-starr-all-the-love-lyric-video/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=[[UPROXX]]}}</ref> uko kwezi, yakoze amateka muri MOBO Awards yabereye muri Utilita Arena ya Newcastle ku ya 18 Gashyantare, aba umugore wa mbere mu myaka 16 wegukanye igihembo cyitwa amategeko meza ya muzika nyafurika . Yatsindiye kandi amategeko mpuzamahanga meza . <ref name="Mobos">{{Cite news |last=Baisie |first=Seli |date=19 February 2025 |title=MOBO Awards: Ayra Starr makes history as first woman to win Best African Act |url=https://www.gbcghanaonline.com/entertainment/ayra-starr-2/2025/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=Ghana Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> Muri Mata yabaye umuhanzi wa mbere w’umugore wo muri Nijeriya wabonye icyemezo cya Diamond cyo mu [[Ikilatini|kilatini]] cyatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda zandika amajwi muri Amerika kubera ubufatanye bwe 2024 na "Santa" na Rvssian na Rauw Alejandro, binjije miliyoni zirenga 35 mukurebwa. <ref name="NationNG">{{Cite news |last=Fasan |first=Yewande |date=2 February 2025 |title=Ayra Starr makes history as first Nigerian woman to receive RIAA Diamond Single |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/ayra-starr-makes-history-as-first-nigerian-woman-to-receive-riaa-diamond-single/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=The Nation Newspaper}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Mata, yasohoye " Gimme Dat " irimo [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], yerekana "911" ya Wyclef Jean na Mary J. Blige . Muri Kamena, Starr yatsindiye igihembo cye cya mbere cya BET kubera igihembo mpuzamahanga cyiza mu birori byabereye mu nzu mberabyombi ya Peacock i Los Angeles ku ya 9 Kamena, atoranya abatoranijwe barimo Black Sherif wo muri [[Gana]], mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya witwa [[Rema]], na [[Tyla]] na Uncle Waffles wo muri Afurika y'Epfo. Urugendo rwe rwo mu mpeshyi 2025 rwatangiye ku ya 20 Kamena hamwe n’igitaramo cyabereye mu iserukiramuco rya Summerjam <ref name="Betawards25">{{Cite news |date=10 June 2025 |title=Ayra Starr makes history with first BET award for Best International Act |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/06/ayra-starr-makes-history-with-first-bet-award-for-best-international-act/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=Vanguard News}}</ref> New Jersey, hakurikiraho kugaragara mu iserukiramuco ry’umuziki ryitiriwe Mutagatifu Kitts ku ya 28 Kamena na Montreal International Jazz Festival ku ya 1 Nyakanga. Kuva ku ya 7 Nyakanga, yinjiye mu itsinda ry’abongereza Coldplay ku matariki menshi ya sitade kuri Muzika yabo ya Spheres World Tour, atangirana nabo murugendo rw’amajoro atatu kuri Stade ya Downsview, muri Toronto ku ya 7, 8, na 12 Kanama kuri Stade ya Downsview. Izebguruka ryakomereje kuri sitade ya Wembley muri London kuya 22 na 23 Kanama, aho Coldplay yakinnye amateka yerekana amateka ikuraho iminsi icumi icuranga kuri stade yigihugu cyUbwongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Clifford |first=Elizabeth |date=2 July 2025 |title=Ayra Starr announces ongoing Summer 2025 Tour |url=https://notjustok.com/news/ayra-starr-announces-ongoing-summer-2025-tour/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref> Hagati muri Nyakanga, Starr yasinyanye amasezerano n’ubuyobozi mpuzamahanga na Roc Nation ya Jay-Z mu gihe asigaye yasinywe na Mavin Records kugira ngo asohore umuziki. Ubufatanye bufatika bwateguwe kugirango akoreshe imbaraga zo kumenyekana ku rwego mpuzamahanga, cyane cyane ku isoko ry’Amerika. Iri tangazo ryagaragaye ku ya 16 Nyakanga, ryemeje ko Roc Nation izagenzura imurikagurisha rye ku isi, kuzenguruka, gutumaho, ndetse n'amasezerano yemeza, cyane cyane muri Amerika n'Uburayi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 July 2025 |title=Ayra Starr signs management deal with Jay-Z's Roc Nation |url=https://allure.vanguardngr.com/2025/07/ayra-starr/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=Vanguard Allure}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Nyakanga, yasohoye " Umubiri ushyushye ", indirimbo yinjizwamo imbyino yakozwe na Ragee na The Elements, yashimiwe n'basesenguzi, hamwe na ''Billboard'' yayise "igikonjo cyihuta cya divayi". Iyi ndirimbo yaranze isohoka rye rya mbere munsi yubuyobozi bwa Roc Nation<ref>{{Cite web |last=Rys |first=Heran Mamo,Dan |date=30 July 2025 |title=African Fresh Picks: Tyla & Wizkid, Ayra Starr, Odeal, Burna Boy, Asake & Tiakola, Fireboy DML & More |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/best-new-african-songs-tyla-wizkid-ayra-starr-burna-boy-1236031172/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=Billboard}}</ref> kandi ihinduka ihatanira igihembo cy'impeshyi. Ku ya 27 Nzeri, Starr yaririmbye mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ry’abenegihugu muri Parike Nkuru ya New York ari kumwe kuruhembe na Cardi B na Shakira, ndetse na Tyla, Mariah Umuhanga, na Camilo. Iri serukiramuco ryakiriwe na Ambasaderi w’umuturage w’isi Hugh Jackman hamwe na Bill Nye, Adam Lambert, Danai Gurira, na Liza Koshy, ryanyuze ku isi hose ku bantu barenga 60.000 bari bitabiriye ibyatsi binini . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Watch The Weeknd, Shakira, Tyla, Ayra Starr, Mariah the Scientist, and Camilo Perform at the Global Citizen Festival on September 27 |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/enquiries/press/2025/watch-the-weeknd-shakira-tyla-ayra-starr-mariah-the-scientist-an/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Mu gitaramo cye, Starr yazanye mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya Rema nk'umushyitsi utunguranye, maze bakorera hamwe "Rush", bakurikirwa na Rema yise " Calm down " na " Uruhinja (Ni Icyaha) ". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shakira, Cardi B, ROSÉ, Tyla, Rema, Ayra Starr, Mariah the Scientist, Camilo & Elyanna Light Up the 2025 Global Citizen Festival |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/enquiries/press/2025/shakira-cardi-b-rose-tyla-rema-ayra-starr-mariah-the-scientist-c/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |website=Global Citizen |language=en}}</ref> Icyi ggihe cyabaye kimwe mubintu byavuzwe cyane mu birori. Nyuma yiyi mikoranire yakataraboneka, Starr na Rema bashyize ahagaragara ubufatanye bwabo bwa mbere nkabahanzi bafatanije kuyobora bise "Ninde uriya mukobwa" ku ya 17 Ukwakira. Iyi ndirimbo yakozwe na Ragee hamwe n’ubundi bufasha bwaturutse muri The Elements, yahujije imbyino, R&B, n’iburasirazuba bwo hagati mu bunararibonye bwa Afro-Dance. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Farrell |first=Margaret |date=17 October 2025 |title=Ayra Starr & Rema Share New Single "Who's Dat Girl?" |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2326796/ayra-starr-rema-whos-dat-girl/music/ |access-date=20 October 2025 |work=[[Stereogum]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == === Imiterere yumuziki === Muri Nzeri 2021, Starr yagizwe ambasaderi w’ikirango cya '''Pepsi Nigeria'''. Mu Kwakira 2021, yagaragaye mu rukurikirane rwa televiziyo '''The Cover'''.<ref>{{cite web |date=8 October 2021 |title=The Cover October 2021: Ayra Starr |url=https://acceleratetv.com/the-cover-october-2021-ayra-starr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024115811/https://acceleratetv.com/the-cover-october-2021-ayra-starr/ |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=24 October 2021 |publisher=AccelerateTv}}</ref> Yongeye kugaragara muri Fall/Winter 2021 issue of ''ODDA<ref>{{cite news |last1=Perella |first1=Vincent |date=13 November 2021 |title=The Celestial Being: Ayra Starr |url=https://oddamagazine.com/project/the-celestial-being-ayra-starr/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115111838/http://oddamagazine.com/project/the-celestial-being-ayra-starr/ |archive-date=15 November 2021 |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=ODDA Magazine}}</ref>'' Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yagaragaye mu nyandiko ya '''Notion'''.<ref name="Notionmag2">{{cite news |last1=Smith |first1=Niall |date=15 November 2021 |title=Ayra Starr: Afropop's Bold New Leader {{!}} Notion Interview |url=https://notion.online/ayra-starr-afropops-bold-new-leader-interview/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |work=Notion}}</ref> Nyuma yaho, muri Gashyantare 2025 yasinyiye amasezerano yo kwamamaza ikirango '''New Balance''' hamwe n’umuhanzi n’umukinnyi '''Jaden Smith''', aba umwe mubagaragaza urukurikirane rushya rw’imyambaro ya siporo. Ubundi bufatanye bwe bwatangiriye kuri '''Maybelline New York''', aho ahagarariye uruganda rw’ibirungo byo kwisiga muri Afurika yo munsi y’Ubutayu bwa Sahara hamwe na '''Darling Nigeria'''.<ref>{{cite news |date=27 November 2023 |title=Ayra Starr as Maybelline Ambassador , Asake ft H.E.R, Thandi Ntuli's "Rainbow Revisited" |url=https://www.marmaladecollective.com/ayra-starr-as-maybelline-ambassador-asake-ft-h-e-r-thandi-ntulis-rainbow-revisited/ |access-date=24 October 2025 |work=Marmalade Collective |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=28 July 2022 |title=Darling Nigeria Welcomes Ayra Starr Home – THISDAYLIVE |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/07/28/darling-nigeria-welcomes-ayra-starr-home/ |access-date=24 October 2025}}</ref> * Chris Brown - Urugendo rwa 11:11 (2024) * Coldplay - Umuziki wurwego ruzenguruka isi (2024–2025) == Ibihembo yatsindiye naho yagiye ahatana == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" ! scope="col" |Award ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Recipient(s) and nominees(s) ! scope="col" |Category ! scope="col" |Result ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |Ref. |- ! scope="row" |African Entertainment Awards USA |2021 | rowspan="5" |Herself |Best New Artist | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="net-honours-class-of-2021">{{Cite web |title=Net Honours – The Class of 2021 |url=https://thenet.ng/net-honours-class-of-2021/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621172630/https://thenet.ng/net-honours-class-of-2021/ |archive-date=21 June 2021 |access-date=2021-09-07 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |African Muzik Magazine Awards |2021 |Best Newcomer | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ezeh |first=Mario |date=18 May 2014 |title=Afrimma Nominees |url=https://afrimma.com/afrimma-nominees/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211015194525/https://afrimma.com/afrimma-nominees/ |archive-date=15 October 2021 |access-date=17 October 2021 |publisher=AFRIMMA}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |Mobo Awards |2021 |Best African Music Act | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;&quot;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=11 November 2021 |title=Rema and Ayra Starr nominated for the 2021 MOBO Awards |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/rema-and-ayra-starr-nominated-for-the-2021-mobo-awards/znq86p3 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928190336/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/rema-and-ayra-starr-nominated-for-the-2021-mobo-awards/znq86p3 |archive-date=28 September 2022 |access-date=11 November 2021 |work=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2025 |Best African Music Act |{{won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;&quot;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Pilley |first=Max |date=2025-02-18 |title=Here are all the winners from the MOBO Awards 2025 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/here-are-all-the-winners-from-the-mobo-awards-2025-3839156 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best International Act |{{won}} |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |Net Honours |2021 |"Away" |Most Played R&B Song | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;&quot;" |<ref name="net-honours-class-of-2021" /> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 | rowspan="3" |Herself |Breakout Artist of the Year (Female) |{{won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Gabriel Myers |date=2022-07-04 |title=NET Honours People's Choice Awards: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/net-honours-peoples-choice-awards-all-winners |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220715221250/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/net-honours-peoples-choice-awards-all-winners |archive-date=15 July 2022 |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- |Most Searched Musician (Female) |{{nom}} |- ! rowspan="9" scope="row" |The Headies | rowspan="8" |2022 |Next Rated |{{nom}} | rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Gabriel Myers |date=2022-09-05 |title=Headies 2022: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/headies-2022-all-winners |access-date=2023-07-04 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |"Beggie Beggie" <small>(feat. CKay)</small> |Best R&B Single | {{nom}} |- |Best Collaboration | {{nom}} |- |"Toxic" |Best Vocal Performance (Female) | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |"Bloody Samaritan" |Best Afrobeats Single of the Year | {{nom}} |- |Headies' Viewer's Choice | {{win}} |- | rowspan="2" |''19 &amp;amp; Dangerous'' |Best Afrobeats Album | {{nom}} |- |Album of the Year | {{nom}} |- |2024 |"Last Heartbreak Song" <small>(with Giveon)</small> |Best R&amp;amp;B Single |{{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=29 April 2025 |title=17th Headies Award Winners |url=https://theheadies.com/the-17th-headies-award-winners/ |access-date=29 April 2025 |website=The Headies |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502160017/https://theheadies.com/the-17th-headies-award-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" |BET Awards |2022 | rowspan="2" |Herself |Best New International Act | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2022 |title=Pheelz and Ayra Starr Make History With BET 2022 Award Nominations |url=https://tooxclusive.com/pheelz-and-ayra-starr-make-history-with-bet-2022-nominations/ |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=Tooxclusive |archive-date=2023-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230727000807/https://tooxclusive.com/pheelz-and-ayra-starr-make-history-with-bet-2022-nominations/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |2023 |Best International Act | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |"Commas" |BET Her Award |{{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=BET Awards 2024: See The Full Winners List |url=https://www.bet.com/article/7nl4ms/bet-awards-2024-see-the-full-winners-list |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=BET |archive-date=2025-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251006102915/https://www.bet.com/article/7nl4ms/bet-awards-2024-see-the-full-winners-list |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |Herself |Best New Artist | {{nom}} |- |Best International Act | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2025 |Best New Artist |{{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Katie |date=2025-06-10 |title=2025 BET Awards Winners List |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/awards/2025-bet-awards-winners-1235993777/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> |- |Best Female R&amp;amp;B/Pop Artist |{{nom}} |- |Best International Act |{{won}} |- ! scope="row" |The Future Awards Africa |2022 | rowspan="1" |Herself |Prize for Music |{{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" |MTV Video Music Awards | rowspan="2" |2023 |"Rush" |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align: center;" | |- |"2 Sugar" <small>(with [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]])</small> |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} |- |2024 |"Last Heartbreak Song" <small>(feat. Giveon)</small> |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Willman |first=Chris |date=2024-08-06 |title=Taylor Swift Leads MTV VMAs Nominations With 10, as Post Malone, Sabrina Carpenter, Ariana Grande and Eminem Also Get a Big Look |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/mtv-vmas-nominations-taylor-swift-post-malone-awards-1236096620/ |access-date=2025-07-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> |- |2025 |"Last Heartbreak Song" |Push Performance of the Year |{{nom}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Green |first=Walden |date=2025-09-07 |title=MTV VMAs 2025 Winners: See the Full List Here |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mtv-vmas-2025-winners-see-the-full-list-here/ |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Grammy Awards |2024 |"Rush" | rowspan="2" |Best African Music Performance |{{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":1"/> |- |2026 |"Gimme Dat" |{{pending}} | style="text-align: center;" | |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |3Music Awards | rowspan="7" |2024 |"Sability" |African Song of the Year |{{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-09-30 |title=3Music Awards 2024: All the winners |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/3music-awards-2024-all-winners |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- | rowspan="6" |Herself |African Act of the Year |{{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="3" scope="row" |MTV Europe Music Awards |Best New |{{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=2024-10-08 |title=Tyla and Ayra Starr lead Africa with four 2024 MTV EMAs nods |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/tyla-and-ayra-starr-lead-africa-four-2024-mtv-emas-nods |access-date=2024-10-08 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- |Best Afrobeats |{{nom}} |- |Best Push |{{nom}} |- ! scope="row" |MTN Liberia Music Awards |International Artist of the Year |{{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Fofana |first=Amadu |date=2024-10-28 |title=MTN Liberia Music Awards 2024: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/mtn-liberia-music-awards-2024-all-nominees |access-date=2024-10-28 |website=Music in Africa}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |TurnTable Music Awards |Outstanding Achievement in Live Performance |{{Won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The TurnTable 2024 Music Awards |url=https://www.turntablecharts.com/magazine/6th/134 |access-date=2 April 2025 |website=TurnTable Charts |publisher=TurnTable}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" |South African Music Awards |2025 |''The Year I Turned 21'' |Rest of Africa |{{pending}} | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gaanakgomo |first=Constance |date=2025-08-28 |title=Black Motion dominates #SAMA31 nominations with four nods |url=https://www.news24.com/life/arts-and-entertainment/music/embargoed-7pm-black-motion-dominates-sama31-nominations-with-four-nods-20250828-1015 |access-date=2025-10-21 |website=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref> |} == Reba == sq8hfigqxgs93k5tqjafiluhnexdixf 0 20123 139248 135004 2026-09-23T07:30:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139248 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Parfait Yongabo''' n'umunyarwanda akaba n'impuguke mu miyoborere y' ubushakashatsi n'udushya (innovation systems) akaba n'umwarimu w' ibijyanye n'ubushakashatsi muri [[IPRC Kigali|IPRC]] Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://new.rp.ac.rw/organization-structure/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-05-30 |archive-date=2025-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250530110102/https://new.rp.ac.rw/organization-structure/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, akaba umuyobozi mu rwego rw'uburezi n'ubushakashatsi. yagize uruhare rukomeye muguteza imbere politiki y'ubushakashatsi n'udushya mu Rwanda, by'umwihariko murwego rw'ubuhinzi n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi. <ref>Yongabo, P., & Göransson, B. (2020). Constructing the national innovation system in Rwanda: efforts and challenges. Innovation and Development, 12(1), 155–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2020.1846886</ref> == Amashuri == Yongabo yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (PhD) Muri [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lund_University Lund University] yo muri Suwede aho yibanze kumiyoborere y'ubushakashatsi n'udushya.Yabanje kwiga muri '''[[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]''', ahakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikiciri cya gatatu '''Master's'''<ref>https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/files/102515884/Parfait_Yongabo_ALL.pdf</ref> mu kubungabunga '''[[Ibinyabuzima n'inyamaswa byo mu Rwanda|ibinyabuzima]] n'imicungire y'[[Umutungo kamere w'amazi mu Rwanda|umutungo kamere]]'''. == Umwuga == Parfait Yongabo ni Umuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ry'ibigo, ubushakashatsi bushingiye kubikorwa n'ubujyanama '''IDARC''' muri '''[[Rwanda Polytechnic]]'''. Mbere y'aho, yabaye umwarimu n'umushakashatsi muri '''[[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]''' ishuri ry'ubuhinzi n'ubuvuzi bw'amatungo <ref>https://scholar.google.se/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=AQSD7I0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=AQSD7I0AAAAJ:_FxGoFyzp5QC</ref> CAVM, ndetse anayobora gahunda ya Mastercard Foundation Scholars Program. == Ubuzima bwe bwite == Yongabo n'umugabo arubatse afite umwana umwe w'umuhungu n'umugore, kandi n'abanyarwanda batuye ikigali mu karere ka Kicukiro nyuma yuko basoje amashuli yabo mugihugu cya Suwede.<ref>https://portal.research.lu.se/en/publications/towards-a-typology-of-national-innovation-system-development-the-</ref> Amashuri abanza yayize mumajyepfo aho bita Muruhango Mukarere ka Nyanza, yarezwe n'umubyeyi umwe nawe waje kwitaba Imana mumwaka wa 2022. == Ubushakashatsi == Ubushakashatsi bwa Yongabo bugaruka ku miyoborere y'ubumenyi, iterambere ry'udushya, n'imikoranire hagati ya leta, amashuri makuru n'abikorera. Yanditse inyandiko zinyuranye,zirimo<ref>https://scholar.google.se/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=AQSD7I0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=AQSD7I0AAAAJ:YsMSGLbcyi4C</ref> ''Constructing the national innovation system in Rwanda, efforts and challenges. ''Emergence of an agricultural innovation systems in Rwanda, Stakeholders and policies as point of departure<ref>https://scholar.google.se/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=AQSD7I0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=AQSD7I0AAAAJ:W7OEmFMy1HYC</ref> ''Technology and innovation trajectories in the Rwandan agricultural sector, Are value chain an option?''<ref>https://journals.co.za/doi/full/10.1080/20421338.2021.1889769</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwe bwerekana uburyo u Rwanda rushyiraho politiki n'imiyoborere y'ubushakashatsi n'udushya, n'uruhare rwabyo mu iterambere ry'igihugu.<ref>https://scholar.google.se/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=AQSD7I0AAAAJ&citation_for_view=AQSD7I0AAAAJ:WF5omc3nYNoC</ref> == Ibihembo n'Imikoranire == Yongabo yahawe ibihembo bitandukanye, birimo, * '''Rising Star Award''' yahawe na '''Mastercard Foundation''' na '''National Council for Science and Technology''' muwa 2022. * Yatoranyijwe mu '''bashinze udushya 11 b'Abanyafurika''' na '''RUFORUM''' mu 2016. * Yahawe igihembo na '''International Association for Great Lakes Research IAGLR''' mu 2014.Rwanda Polytechnic Yakoze imikoranire n'ibigo mpuzamahanga nka '''FAO''', '''Sida''', '''Belspo''', '''Nuffic''', '''IDRC''', '''EU-JRC''', '''University College London''', na '''University of Johannesburg'''. == Shakira hano == {{DEFAULTSORT:Yongabo, Parfait}} [[Category:Living people]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abize muri Kaminuza y'Urwanda]] dw15md0ndsbtakvwxukqimsoiupz7g2 0 20201 139414 137540 2026-09-23T09:41:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139414 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pariki y'igihugu ya Kitulo''' ni Pariki y'igihugu ya Tanzaniya, igizwe n'akarere karinzwe n'ibyatsi bya montane n'ishyamba ku kibaya cya kitulo mu misozi miremire cyane ya Tanzaniya. Parike iri ku butumburuke bwa {{Convert|2600|m}} hagati yimisozi ya Kipengere na Poroto kandi ifite ubuso bwa {{Convert|412.9|km2}}, uherereye mu Karere ka Mbeya no mu Karere ka Njombe. Iyi parike iyobowe na parike y’igihugu ya Tanzaniya (TANAPA) kandi ni parike ya mbere y’igihugu muri [[Afurika]] yo mu turere dushyuha yashinzwe cyane cyane mu kurinda Ibimera byayo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2002 |title=Tanzania's New National Park Protects Edible Orchids |url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/mar2002/2002-03-21-01.html |publisher=Environment News Service}}</ref><ref>https://mg.co.za/article/2003-03-06-tasty-orchids-are-selling-like-hotcakes-in-tanzania/</ref> Abenegihugu bavuga ko ikibaya cya Kitulo ari "Bustani ya Mungu (Ubusitani bw'Imana), mu gihe abahanga mu bimera bavuga ko ari "Serengeti y’indabyo".<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20130928024352/http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf</ref> == Iyemezwa ry'iyi parike == Kurinda ibimera bidasanzwe bya Kitulo Plateau byasabwe bwa mbere n’umuryango w'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye (WCS), mu rwego rwo guhangana n’ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga bugenda bwiyongera mu birayi Bya orchide ndetse no kongera ibikorwa byo guhiga no gutema amashyamba akikije. Mu 2002, nibwo Perezida Benjamin Mkapa yatangaje ko hashyizweho parike. Iyi parike yashyizwe mu kinyamakuru mu 2005, <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 December 2010 |title=Strengthening the Protected Area Network in Southern Tanzania: Improving the Effectiveness of National Parks in Addressing Threats to Biodiversity |url=http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928024352/http://www.thegef.org/gef/sites/thegef.org/files/documents/document/Council%20document_10.pdf |archive-date=28 September 2013 |publisher=Global Environment Facility |page=21}}</ref> ihinduka parike y'igihugu ya cumi na kane ya Tanzaniya. TANAPA yatangaje ko iyi parike ishobora kwagurwa mu gihe kiri imbere kugira ngo ishyiremo ishyamba rituranye n'umusozi wa Rungwe.<ref>https://www.protectedplanet.net/555623852</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 6xhb2rh1k9i85et84n3f4682qjo3m4r 0 20256 139274 131453 2026-09-23T07:36:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Drakensberg''' n'igice cy'iburasirazuba bwa Escarpment nini, ikikije ikibaya cyo [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afrika yepfo]]. Escarpment nini igera ku butumburuke bukomeye - {{Convert|2000|to|3482|m|abbr=off|ft}} mu karere gahana imbibi na [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] na [[Lesoto|Lesotho]].[https://www.britannica.com/place/Drakensberg] Ibirindiro bya Drakensberg bifite uburebure bwa kilometelo 1000( 600 miles) uvuye mu ntara ya cape y'iburasirazuba mu majyepfo, hanyuma bigenda bikurikirana, uhereye mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru, umupaka uhuza [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] na Cape y'iburasirazuba n'umupaka uhuza Lesotho n'Intara ya KwaZulu-Natal. Nyuma yaho ikora umupaka uhuza KwaZulu-Natal na Leta yigenga, hanyuma ukurikira nk'umupaka uhuza KwaZulu-Natal n'intara ya Mpumalanga. Umuyaga uherekeza mu majyaruguru uva aho, unyuze kuri Mpumalanga, aho urimo ibintu nka Blyde River Canyon, Rondavels eshatu, na Window y'Imana. Ihita igera mu majyaruguru kugera kuri Hoedspruit mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Limpopo aho izwi ku izina rya 'Klein Drakensberg na Afrikaner. Kuva kuri Hoedspruit igera mu burengerazuba kugera Tzaneen, no mu Ntara ya Limpopo, aho izwi ku izina ry'umusozi wa wolkberg n'umusozi wa Iron Crown. Kuri {{Convert|2200|m|ft|abbr=on}} hejuru y'inyanja, Wolkberg nuburebure buri hejuru ya Limpopo. Escarpment yongeye kwerekera iburengerazuba kandi kuri Mokopane izwi ku izina rya Strydpoort.[https://books.google.rw/books?id=LJPctAEACAAJ&redir_esc=y] == Etymology == Izina [[Ikinyafurikansi|ry'Abanyafurika]] ryitwa ''Drakensberge'' rikomoka ku izina abimukira ba mbere b'abadage bahaye abamuherekeje, ari bo ''Drakensbergen'', cyangwa ''imisozi ya Dragons''. Igice kinini cya Escarpment nini kizwi muri Zulu nka ''uKhahlamba'' na ''Maloti'' muri Sotho. == Ubumenyi bwa geologiya == === Inkomoko === Igice kinini cya Escarpment kigizwe nurukuta ruhanamye rwubatswe hafi y'ubutaka bw'umugabane mugihe cyo gutandukana kw'amajyepfo ya Gondwana kuva aho yangirika imbere mu gihugu kuva aho yari iherereye hafi y'inyanja ya Afrika yepfo, kandi igice cyayo cyose cy'iburasirazuba (reba ikarita iherekeje) bigize Drakensberg. Drakensberg irangirira mu majyaruguru hafi ya Tzaneen nka 22 °S parallel. Kubura Escarpment Nkuru hafi {{Convert|450|km|abbr=on}} mu majyaruguru ya Tzaneen (kongera kugaragara ku mupaka uhuza [[Zimbabwe]] na [[Mozambike]] mu misozi ya Chimanimani biterwa n’ishami ry’iburengerazuba ryananiranye ry’imvururu zikomeye zatumye [[Antarigitika|Antaragitika]] itangira kugenda yerekeza muri Afurika yepfo mu gihe cyo gutandukana kwa Gondwana 150miliyoni ishize. [[Umugezi wa Limpopo]] wo hepfo hamwe n'umugezi wa Save utemba mu nyanja y'ubuhinde unyuze mu bisigisigi by’iki kibaya cyimuwe, ubu kikaba kigizwe na Afurika yepfo Lowveld. Mu myaka 20 ishize miliyoni, Afrika yepfo yahuye nizamuka ryinshi, cyane mu burasirazuba, bivamo ko igice kinini cyibibaya kiri hejuru {{Convert|1000|m|ft|abbr=on}}. Ikibaya kigoramye ku buryo kiri hejuru cyane mu burasirazuba kandi kikamanuka gahoro ugana iburengerazuba n'amajyepfo. Mubisanzwe, ubutumburuke bw'uruhande rwiburasirazuba bwarenze {{Convert|2000|m|ft|abbr=on}} . Igera ahantu hirengeye harenga {{Convert|3000|m|ft|abbr=on}} aho escarpment igizwe n'umupaka mpuzamahanga uhuza [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] nintara ya Afrika yepfo ya KwaZulu-Natal. KwaZulu-Natal - Leta yubuntu Drakensberg igizwe nubutare bworoshye bityo rero ikaba ifite uruziga ruzengurutse, rworoshye kuva hepfo. Mubisanzwe, hejuru ya escarpment ni hafi kumeza-hejuru kandi yoroshye, ndetse no muri Lesotho. "Imisozi ya Lesotho" ikozwe kure y’inyanja ya Drakensberg n’imigezi y’isuri ihinduka ikibaya kinini kirimo imigezi y’uruzi [[Umugezi wa Orange|rwa Orange]]. Umubare munini winzuzi utanga imisozi ya Lesotho imisozi igaragara cyane k'umusozi, haba k'ubutaka ndetse no mu kirere. Ibice byo hejuru bya Drakensberg bifite ibidukikije byoroheje. Birashoboka ko [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe|imihindagurikire y’ikirere]] iherutse kugabanya ubukana bwa periglaciation. Knight na Grab bashushanyije ikwirakwizwa ry’umurabyo i Drakensburg maze bavumbura ko inkuba igenzura cyane ihindagurika ry’imisozi kuko ifasha mu turere tw’imisozi - ahantu hirengeye - hamwe n’ingaruka zo guturika. Mbere, imyanda yo mu nguni yafatwaga nk'iyakozwe n'impinduka zisanzwe zikonje, ibidukikije, nko kuvunika kubera ubukonje. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250418191758/https://www.nondela.com/history-of-the-drakensberg/] === Ibigize === Imiterere ya geologiya ya Drakensberg (urukuta rwa escarpment) iratandukanye cyane kurenza 1000km. Limpopo na Mpumalanga Drakensberg bafashwe n’igice cya quartzite irwanya isuri igizwe na Transvaal Supergroup, nayo ikora Magaliesberg mu majyaruguru ashyira uburengerazuba bwa Pretoriya. Aya mabuye arenga 2000 imyaka miliyoni. Amajyepfo ya 26 ° S ibangikanye na esrakment ya Drakensberg igizwe na shale ya Ecca iri muri Karoo Supergroup, kandi imaze imyaka miriyoni 300. Amatsinda ya Ecca na Beaufort agizwe nubutare bwimitsi butarwanya isuri kurusha andi mabuye agize escarpment ya Drakensberg. Kubwibyo, iki gice cya escarpment ntabwo gishimishije cyane nka Mpumalanga na Lesotho irambuye ya Drakensberg. Drakensberg igizwe n’umupaka w’amajyaruguru y’iburasirazuba n’iburasirazuba bwa Lesotho, kimwe na Cape Drakensberg y’iburasirazuba, igizwe n’urwego runini rwa basalt (lava) rwadutse mu myaka miriyoni 180 ishize. Urwo rupapuro rushingiye ku muto mu butayu bwa Karoo Supergroup, ibuye ryumusenyi rya Clarens, ryashyizwe mu butayu, hashize imyaka miliyoni 200 qtnkln07tvmdo958o6eiqtyaf268fwp 0 20259 139340 138404 2026-09-23T07:49:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139340 wikitext text/x-wiki Cederberg n'imisozi itangaje cyane, imisozi igera kuri kilometero 200 (200km) mu majyaruguru ya Cape town.[https://www.nature-reserve.co.za/south-africa-info-cederberg.html] Imisozi ya Cederberg igera kuri 50km amajyaruguru - amajyepfo na 20km iburasirazuba - iburengerazuba. Bahana imbibi n'iburengerazuba na Sandveld, amajyaruguru n'imisozi ya Pakhuis, iburasirazuba n'amasoko ya Springbok n'amajyepfo n'imisozi ya Kouebokkeveld na Skurweberge. Umuhanda munini winjira,N7, ugana iburengerazuba bwurwego. Imijyi yegeranye ni Citrusdal mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba na Clanwilliam mu majyaruguru. Agace gatuwe cyane. Hariho imisozi myinshi izwi muriyo harimo Sneeuberg (2026m) na Tafelberg (1969m). Tafelberg ( [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afrikaans]] ya "Umusozi wameza") ntigomba kwitiranywa n'umusozi w'ameza muri Cape Town. Ahantu nyaburanga hagaragara harimo umusaraba wa Maltese, Wolfberg Arch na Wolfberg Cracks. Ikiranga ako gace gisobanuwe neza n'amabuye y'umucanga, akenshi ritukura mu mabara. Iri tsinda ryibitare ririmo imirongo ya shale kandi mu myaka yashize havumbuwe ibintu bike by,ingenzi byavumbuwe muri ibyo byiciro. Ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima ni amafi ya mbere kandi byatangiye kuva miliyoni 450 kuva mugihe cya Ordovic. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Melanie Gosling |date=10 May 2005 |title=Fossilised fish 'ancestor' found in Cederberg |url=http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&click_id=143&art_id=vn20050510071344218C153391 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050525043216/http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?set_id=14&click_id=143&art_id=vn20050510071344218C153391 |archive-date=25 May 2005 |website=[[Cape Times]] |via=[[Wayback Machine]]}}</ref> == Ibimera n'ibinyabuzima == Ibimera byiganjemo ni Mediterranean fynbos mu bishanga byo mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba, bigahinduka igice cy’ubutayu mu majyaruguru no mu burasirazuba.imyerezi ya Clanwilliam iri mu kaga( ''Widdringtonia wallichii'' ) yo mu muryango Cupressaceae hamwe na protea ya shelegi( ''Protea cryophila'' ) ya Proteaceae yanduye muri kariya gace, iboneka gusa mu turere twa kure cyane hejuru y’imisozi. Inyamanswa zo muri ako gace ni feids ingwe ( ''Panthera pardus'' ) na caracal(''Caracal caracal''). Izindi nyamabere zirimo hyrax (''Procavia capensis'') cyangwa "dassie", meerkats (''Suricata suricatta'') n'izindi mongoose( Herpestidae), antelopes nini''( urugero'' :bontebok Damaliscus ''pygargus dorcas'' na gemsbok ''Oryx'' ''gazella'') Hariho kandi inyoni nyinshi, [[inyamaswa]] z’inyamabere nto, ibikururuka hasi n'udukoko. Andi moko yugarijwe aboneka mu gace k'ubutayu bwa Cederberg harimo cyprinide Clanwilliam y'umuhondo ( ''Labeobarbus capensis'', abatishoboye), Clanwiliam redfin( ''Barbus calidus'',abatishoboye) na sawfin ( ''Barbus serra'', iri mu kaga). == Ibikorwa byabantu == === Amateka === Mu buvumo no hejuru y’akarere kose, ibihangano bya San rock birashobora kuboneka, gihamya y'abantu ba mbere b'abantu. Gutura mu Burayi byazanye amashyamba n’ubuhinzi bumwe na bumwe, bituma hasenywa cyane ibiti by'amasederi byaho, ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bitemwa ku nkingi za telefone, ibikoresho byo mu nzu ndetse n'amazu. Kugera kwi Burayi kwanatumye abaturage ba San bakurwaho. Mu majyaruguru,sitasiyo ya kera ya Moraviya ya Wupperthal iracyahari, umutima w’umuryango muto uhinga, kandi ubamo inganda zaho zitanga ''veldskoene'', inkweto gakondo zoroshye. Birashoboka ko Cederberg yari ikibuga cy'amajyepfo cy'intambara ya kabiri ya Boer. Itsinda rito ry'inyeshyamba za Boer ryinjiye muri kariya gace kuva muri repubulika ya Boer, mu bilometero amagana ugana mu majyaruguru, bizeye ko bazatera inkunga abaturage benshi mu bahinzi baho bakomoka mu Buholandi. Muri ibyo barananiwe; abahinzi bashobora kuba badafite impuhwe nke zo kubongereza ariko bari bafite imyumvire iboneye n'inde uzatsinda intambara. Bavuga ko abakomando ba Boer bahuye na Cederberg n'umwongereza wenyine, abategeka kwiyegurira. Baramusetse, kuko yari umwe kandi bari benshi kandi bagerageza kumutekerezaho, berekana ibyiringiro by'umwanya we. Yanze gusubira inyuma arangije arashwe. Aho yaguye ubu yitwa ''Engelsmanskloof'' ("Ikibaya cy'umwongereza"). === Ubuhinzi === Ubutaka bwo guhinga bugarukira ku butumburuke, ikirere cyumutse, hamwe n'ubutaka bw'amabuye, kandi imirima mike irahari. [[Icyayi]] cya Rooibos nicyo gihugu kizwi cyane cyoherezwa mu mahanga, nubwo imbuto n'itabi nabyo bisarurwa mu mirima imwe n'imwe. Agace ka Cederberg karimo divayi imwe, hejuru muri Afrika yepfo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cederberg Wines – Award-winning wines from high-altitude vineyards. |url=https://www.cederbergwine.com/ |website=cederbergwine.com}}</ref> Hafi yakarere ka Wupperthal hari imirima myinshi itunzwe. Ibihingwa bimwe na bimwe [[Umubunda (pinusi)|by'ubucuruzi]] biguma hafi ya sitasiyo y’amashyamba ya [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Proteas n'ibindi bimera bya fynbos nabyo birahingwa. Imirima itari mike yahindutse abashyitsi benshi bigaburira isoko ry'ubukerarugendo bwaho ndetse n’amahanga. === Ubukerarugendo === Nka gace k'ubutayu, ibikorwa byibanze ni ubukerarugendo bushingiye ku bidukikije, harimo gukambika,kuzamuka urutare no gutembera. Inkambi nkuru, Alijeriya, ikorwa na CapeNature, mu gihe izindi nka Sanddrif, Driehoek, Jamaka na Kromrivier zikorera ku giti cyabo kandi zigashinga Cedarberg Conservancy, ishyirahamwe ku bushake bwa ba nyir'ubutaka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cederberg Conservancy |url=https://www.cederberg.co.za/about |access-date=6 December 2023}}</ref> Cederberg izwi cyane kubera ubwiza bw'inzira zo kuzamuka ku rutare cyane cyane izengurutse impinga ya Krakadouw na Tafelberg. Imeza Umusozi Sandstone ikora ibintu byiza byinzira zidasanzwe. Hariho urugendo rwinshi n'ijoro harimo ibyamamare kandi bitangaje bya Wolfberg Arch, Wolfberg Cracks na Maltese Cross. Aka gace kandi karimo indorerezi y’inyenyeri yikunda, ikunze kwakira n'imugoroba ifunguye k'ubantu rusange. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cederberg Astronomical Observatory |url=https://www.cederbergobs.org.za/ |website=cederbergobs.org.za |access-date=2025-07-26 |archive-date=2024-08-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830113153/https://www.cederbergobs.org.za/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Hariho inzira zitandukanye 4x4. Agace kanini ko mu majyaruguru ya Cederberg gafite Itorero rya Moraviya. Umudugudu wuzuye wa Wuperthal ugizwe n'inzira ya misiyoni itanga abashyitsi uburyo bushimishije bw'ubuzima bwo mu cyaro. Umudugudu kandi n'ikigo kizwi cyane cyakozwe n'intoki zikozwe mu ruhu n'inkweto. Imwe muri "buite stasies" (bisobanurwa mu buryo butaziguye nka sitasiyo yo hanze) ni Heuningvlei, agace gato keza cyane kari mu nzira yo gutunganya inzira y'amagare y'indogobe kuva mu mpinga ya Pakhuis Pass kugera mu mudugudu. Uyu mushinga wo kurwanya ubukene uterwa inkunga n’ishami rishinzwe ibidukikije n’ubukerarugendo, urimo gushiraho amacumbi y’ibikapu, ubusitani bw’ibimera n’andi masoko atandukanye y’ubukerarugendo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cederberg Heritage Route |url=http://www.cedheroute.co.za/ |access-date=7 January 2019 |website=cedheroute.co.za}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] hb3hmvq6e70vhkz99hngd14mnnbtw27 0 20264 139312 123361 2026-09-23T07:45:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139312 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ada Foah''' ni umujyi uri ku nkombe y’amajyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa [[Gana]], aho uruzi rwa Volta ruhurira n'inyanja ya Atalantika. Umujyi uherereye hafi yumugezi wa Volta, hafi yumuhanda wa [[Accra]] - Aflao. Azwiho kuba ku nkombe z'ibirwa, Ada Foah ni n'umurwa mukuru w'akarere ka Ada y'Iburasirazuba (ahahoze hitwa Dangme y'Iburasirazuba ) n'icyicaro cy'Inteko y'Akarere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ada East |url=http://ghanadistricts.com/About-District-Details.aspx?distID=105&distName=Ada%20East |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115225123/http://ghanadistricts.com/About-District-Details.aspx?distID=105&distName=Ada%20East |archive-date=15 November 2017 |access-date=15 November 2017 |website=Ghana Districts}}</ref> == Amateka == Ubukoloni bw’Abaholandi muri Ada mu kinyejana cya 16 bwabonye iterambere ry’ubucuruzi mu 1775. Izina "Foah" ryakomotse ku ijambo Fort, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Notes {{!}} Nature, Spirit and Climate Change in Ghana. |url=https://fieldnotes.nationalgeographic.org/expedition/alongthevoltainghana |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=fieldnotes.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> nko mu 1783, Fork Kongenstein yubatswe n’Abaholandi kandi ikoreshwa mu bucuruzi bw'abacakara ba Transatlantike <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Notes {{!}} Nature, Spirit and Climate Change in Ghana. |url=https://fieldnotes.nationalgeographic.org/expedition/alongthevoltainghana |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=fieldnotes.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> n’ubucuruzi bw’abacakara bo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara. Igihome cyaguzwe n'abongereza ku ya 15 Werurwe 1850. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-05-02 |title=Ghana Museums & Monuments Board |url=http://www.ghanamuseums.org/forts/fort-kongenstein.php |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502123739/http://www.ghanamuseums.org/forts/fort-kongenstein.php |archive-date=2 May 2012 |access-date=2023-04-13}}</ref> Gusa ibimenyetso bya Fort Kongenstein tubisanga muri Ada,mukarere ka Greater Accra. Icyambu cya Ada giherereye ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Volta. aho abantu babaga bagurishirizazwe bakoherezwa muri [[Amerika]] banyuze muri iki gihome nk'abacakara. Igihome cyazimye hafi yinyanja kandi kirasenyuka, buhoro buhoro cyoza inyubako yahoze ari gereza mu nyanja. <ref name="FK">{{Cite web |title=Fort Kongenstein, Ada |url=http://www.ghanamuseums.org/forts/fort-kongenstein.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502123739/http://www.ghanamuseums.org/forts/fort-kongenstein.php |archive-date=2 May 2012 |access-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=ghanamuseums.org}}</ref> izamuka ry’amazi rikomeje kubangamira inkombe n’abaturage baho, kubaka urukuta rwo kurinda inyanja birizera ko bizahagarika iri terambere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-04 |title=As rising seas destroy Ghana's coastal communities, researchers warn against a seawall-only solution |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2022/03/as-rising-seas-destroy-ghanas-coastal-communities-researchers-warn-against-a-seawall-only-solution/ |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=Mongabay Environmental News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Field Notes {{!}} Nature, Spirit and Climate Change in Ghana. |url=https://fieldnotes.nationalgeographic.org/expedition/alongthevoltainghana |access-date=2023-04-13 |website=fieldnotes.nationalgeographic.org |language=en}}</ref> Ubutegetsi bw'abakoroni bw'abongereza bwashyizweho mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19. Gucuruza n'Abanyaburayi mu bucuruzi bw'abacakara barengana, Ada yabaye isoko rikomeye ry'ubucuruzi bw'abacakara mu byoherezwa mu mahanga. Ubucuruzi bwabacakara bumaze kuvaho, Dangmes yacuruzaga ibicuruzwa byamashyamba yo muri Afrika yo mu turere dushyuha (cyane cyane amavuta yintoki, intoki za palm na rubber ). <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2016)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Ubukerarugendo bw'Ada Foah == Ada Foah ni ikigo cy’ubukerarugendo mu Karere ka Ada iburasirazuba hamwe n’inyanja zacyo,Inkombe n’ibikurura mukerarugendo na serivisi. Numugezi n'inyanja, Ada Foah azwiho siporo yo mazi nko koga, ubwato, kuroba hamwe n'ubwato. Inkombe z'umugezi ahanini zifunzwe na chalets z'ibiruhuko kuko abantu benshi baturutse [[Accra|i Accra]] bakoresha aho hantu nka weekend. Hariho icyambu n'ubwato ku nkombe z'umugezi aho amato ashobora gukodeshwa kugira ngo akore ingendo azenguruka ibirwa byo mu ruzi. Club ya Sailing Club, iherereye ku mugezi wa Volta, yugururiwe abanyamuryango gusa. == Ubumenyi bw'isi == === Ikirere === Ubushyuhe bwo mu turere dushyuha buri kwezi bivuze ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 18° C (64° F) muri buri kwezi kwumwaka kandi mubisanzwe byitwa igihe cyizuba, ukwezi kwumutse kugusha imvura itageze kuri 60mm (2.36in) y'imvura.Ikirere cya Koppen cyerekana ubwoko bwikirere ni Aw, ikirere gishyuha cya savanna. == Amashakiro == q7h7gj61t665h8cgvxcjqmujnddingw 0 20268 139465 138516 2026-09-23T09:48:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139465 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve''' ni ikibuga cy'imikino cyo muri muri [[Malawi]]. Bitandukanye na parike y'igihugu ya Nyika iri mu kibaya cya Nyika, igice kinini cya Vwaza giherereye ku butaka buringaniye nubwo uruhande rw'iburasirazuba rwa parike rufite imisozi. Iherereye mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw’ibibaya no mu majyaruguru y’imigezi y’uruzi rwa Rukuru y'Amajyepfo kandi ifite ubuso bwa 1.000km ² . Iyi pariki irangwa n’ishyamba rya Mopane na Miombo hamwe n’ibishanga bikurura inyoni cyane zitari nke ku gasozi. Ikibanza cy’inyamanswa cya Vwaza Marsh ntigikunze gusurwa na benshi, ahanini bitewe n’imiterere mibi y’imihanda hamwe n’ubutaka bugoye kandi butagerwaho. == Icyo wamenya kuri Pariki ya Vwaza Marsh == Itandukaniro ry'umubare winyamanswa n'ubwoko bushobora gutandukana mugihe uko bambuka umupaka na parike y'igihugu ya Luangwa y'Amajyaruguru muri [[Zambiya]]. Ubusanzwe ikigega gifite amashyo manini [[Imbogo|y'inyamanswa ninzovu]], hamwe nubwoko butandukanye bwa antelope harimo roan, kudu nini, hartebeest ya Lichtenstein, [[Itamu|eland]] na [[Impara|impala]]. Warthogs iboneka no muri iki kigega kimwe na podiyumu nyinshi ya hippopotamus mu kiyaga cya Kazuni. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu bushakashatsi kamera bwerekanye kandi ko intare zihari, ariko bishoboka ko <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vwaza Marsh Game Reserve {{!}} Travel Story and Pictures from Malawi |url=http://www.traveladventures.org/continents/africa/vwaza-marsh-game-reserve.html |access-date=2021-02-24 |website=www.traveladventures.org}}</ref> gito, kimwe n'ingwe n'imbwa zo mu gasozi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A novel record of African wild dogs (Lycaon pictus) in Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve, Malawi |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ece3.10671 |access-date=2024-06-21 |website=onlinelibrary.wiley.com}}</ref> Mose inzovu y'imfubyi ni nzovu ikuze muri iyi pariki ubu iri mu kigo cy'imfubyi cya Jumbo Foundation muri Lilongwe Malawi, yarokowe n'abashinzwe umutekano ku gishanga cya Vwaza mu ruzi rwa Rukuru y'Amajyepfo. [https://web.archive.org/web/20190122173511/http://www.jumbofoundation.com/] Inyoni zizwi cyane zirimo Goliath herons, ingurube zifunguye hamwe ni nyenyeri zidasanzwe zera. Ikiyaga cya Kazuni giherereye mu gace gashyigikira ubwoko bwayo bwa ba hippo. Iyi arike ifite ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibimera kandi hari amoko 398 y’ibimera biva mu miryango 71. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Vwaza Marsh Wildlife Reserve |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5605/ |access-date=2021-02-24 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 7x70i83wez4avddj3on79rvmyadsipn 0 20274 139249 137560 2026-09-23T07:30:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cape Town''' ni [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]]. N'umujyi wa kera cyane w'igihugu kandi niho Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Afrika yepfo. Umujyi wa Cape Town niwo mujyi mu bunini mu gihugu ukurikije abaturage, nyuma ya Johannesburg, n'umujyi munini mu burengerazuba bwa Cape. Umujyi ugizwe n'umujyi wa Cape Town metropolitan. Uyu mujyi uzwiho kandi icyambu, imiterere karemano mu karere ka Cape Floristic, ndetse n’ahantu nyaburanga nka Mountain na Cape Point. Cape Town yagizwe umujyi mwiza ku isi ku bagenzi, inshuro nyinshi, harimo nka The New York Times mu 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |title=14 Fun Facts You Didn't Know About Cape Town – Interesting & Amusing Things about the Mother City |url=http://www.capetownmagazine.com/cape-confidential/14-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-cape-town/123_22_19306 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140626140114/http://www.capetownmagazine.com/cape-confidential/14-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-cape-town/123_22_19306 |archive-date=26 June 2014 |access-date=17 June 2014 |website=Cape Town Magazine}}</ref> igihe cyashize mu 2025, <ref name="High five! Cape Town named Time Out’s Best City in the World">{{Cite web |last=Andrew Hallett |date=15 January 2025 |title=High five! Cape Town named Time Out’s Best City in the World |url=https://www.timeout.com/cape-town/news/cape-town-named-time-out-best-city-world-011525 |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=Time Out}}</ref> na ''The Telegraph'' mu myaka 8 ishize(2017 kugeza 2025). <ref name="Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again">{{Cite web |last=Kate Walker |date=5 May 2025 |title=Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again |url=https://www.capetownetc.com/news/cape-town-crowned-worlds-top-city-for-travel-again/ |access-date=15 July 2025 |publisher=CapeTown ETC}}</ref> Iherereye ku nkombe za Table Bay, agace ka City Bowl ka Cape Town, karimo akarere k'ubucuruzi hagati (CBD), ni agace ka kera cyane ko mu mijyi yo mu burengerazuba bwa cape, ako gace kandi gafite umurage ndangamuco ukomeye. Agace ka metropolitani gafite inkombe ndende ku nyanja ya Atalantika, ikubiyemo igice cyo mu majyaruguru mu karere ka West Beach, ndetse n'akarere ka False Bay mu majyepfo. Parike y'imeza iri mu mipaka y'umujyi kandi hari n'ibindi byinshi bibungabunga ibidukikije hamwe n’ahantu harinzwe n’inyanja imbere ndetse no hafi y’umujyi, birinda ibidukikije bitandukanye byo ku isi n’inyanja. Muri byo harimo ubusitani bwa Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, bukubiyemo 5 muri biome 6 zo muri Afurika y'epfo, kandi bukerekana ibimera byinshi bikomoka mu karere ka Cape. Cape Town yinjiza amafaranga menshi yo muri Afurika y'epfo, <ref name="South Africans flock to Cape Town">{{Cite web |last=Kirsten Minnaar |date=30 June 2025 |title=South Africans flock to Cape Town |url=https://dailyinvestor.com/property/92063/south-africans-flock-to-cape-town/ |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=Daily Investor}}</ref> umubare muto w’ubushomeri, <ref name="Cape Town Deviates from National Labour Trends">{{Cite web |last= |date=14 May 2025 |title=Cape Town Deviates from National Labour Trends |url=https://www.enca.com/business-videos/discussion-cape-town-deviates-national-labour-trends |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=eNCA}}</ref> urwego rwo hejuru rw’ishoramari ry’ibikorwa remezo, <ref name="2025 to 2026 Budget - Annexure A">{{Cite web |last= |date=28 May 2025 |title=2025 to 2026 Budget - Annexure A |url=https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Financial%20documents/Budget2526_AnnexureA.pdf |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=The City of Cape Town |archive-date=3 September 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250903180307/https://resource.capetown.gov.za/documentcentre/Documents/Financial%20documents/Budget2526_AnnexureA.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> zitanga serivisi zikomeye, <ref name="Cape Town ranked first in latest Good Governance Africa index">{{Cite web |last= |date=18 March 2024 |title=Cape Town ranked first in latest Good Governance Africa index |url=https://www.capetown.gov.za/Media-and-news/Cape%20Town%20ranked%20first%20in%20latest%20Good%20Governance%20Africa%20index |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=The City of Cape Town}}</ref> ubukerarugendo bunini, <ref name="Cape Town crowned world’s top city for travel – again"/> n’isoko ry’imitungo itimukanwa. <ref name="Cape Town's property market continues to outpace other cities as the wealth divide grows">{{Cite web |last=Jason Woosey |date=24 June 2025 |title=Cape Town's property market continues to outpace other cities as the wealth divide grows |url=https://iol.co.za/news/south-africa/2025-06-23-cape-towns-property-market-continues-to-outpace-the-rest-of-sa-as-the-wealth-divide-grows/ |access-date=20 July 2025 |publisher=IOL}}</ref> == Amateka == === Igihe cyambere === [[Dosiye:F._Benda-The_planting_of_cross_by_Bartholomew_Dias_in_1488-0681_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Umushakashatsi wo muri Porutugali Bartolomeu Dias atera umusaraba i Cape Point, 1488.]] Ibisigisigi bya mbere bizwi cyane mu bikorwa by'abantu muri kariya karere byabonetse mu buvumo bwa Peers muri Fish Hoek kandi byanditswe hagati yimyaka 15.000 na 12.000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Antiquity of man |url=http://www.antiquityofman.com/Peers_Cave.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090301174424/http://www.antiquityofman.com/Peers_Cave.html |archive-date=1 March 2009 |access-date=15 June 2009 |publisher=SouthAfrica.info}}</ref> Bartolomeu Dias Umunyaburayi wa mbere wageze muri ako karere yahageze mu mwaka wa 1488 ayita "Cape of Storms" ( {{Lang|pt|Cabo das Tormentas}} ). Nyuma yaje kwitwa John II wo muri Porutugali yitwa " Cape of Hope Hope " ( {{Lang|pt|Cabo da Boa Esperança}} ) kubera icyizere gikomeye cyatewe no gufungura inzira y'inyanja yerekeza k'umugabane wu Buhinde no mu burasirazuba bwa Indies. Mu mwaka wi 1497, umushakashatsi w’igiporutugali Vasco da Gama yanditse amajwi yerekeranye n’umusozi w’amizero meza. Mu mwaka wi 1510, ku rugamba rw'uruzi rw'umunyu, admiral wo muri Porutugali Francisco de Almeida na mirongo itandatu na bane mu bagabo be barishwe kandi ishyaka rye ryatsinzwe <ref>{{Cite book|pages=168–173}}</ref> na "Goringhaiqua" mu myandikire y’Abadage) bakoresheje inka zatojwe bidasanzwe kugira ngo basubize ifirimbi n'induru. Gorinaiqua yari umwe mu miryango ya Khoikhoi yari ituye muri ako gace. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 16 Abafaransa, Danemarke, Abadage, n'Abongereza, ariko cyane I giporutugali, amato yahoraga akomeza guhagarara hejuru ya Bay Bay yerekeza mu Buhinde. Bagurishaga itabi, umuringa, n'icyuma hamwe n'imiryango ya Khoikhoi yo mu karere kugirango bagurane inyama nshya n'ibindi byangombwa by'ingendo. === Igihe cy'Ubuholandi === .​​ Gutura byakuze buhoro muri iki gihe, kuko byari bigoye kubona akazi gahagije.Uku kubura abakozi kwatumye kandi abayobozi baho batumiza mu mahanga abacakara muri [[Indonesiya|Indoneziya]] na [[Madagasikari]]. Benshi muri aba bantu ni abakurambere b'iki gihe cya Cape Colored na Cape Malay. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 May 2009 |title=Cape-Slavery-Heritage " Coloured People of the Western Cape have the most Diverse Ancestry in the World :: iBlog |url=http://cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za/2009/05/01/coloured-people-of-the-western-cape-have-the-most-diverse-ancestry-in-the-world/ |access-date=17 March 2011 |publisher=Cape-slavery-heritage.iblog.co.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 1927 |title=Slavery and early colonisation, South African History Online |url=http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/slavery/slavery.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109130722/http://www.sahistory.org.za/pages/governence-projects/slavery/slavery.htm |archive-date=9 January 2011 |access-date=17 March 2011 |publisher=Sahistory.org.za}}</ref> Ku butegetsi bwa Van Riebeeck n'abamusimbuye, nk'abayobozi ba VOC ndetse na ba guverineri nyuma ya Cape, hashyizweho ibihingwa bitandukanye by'ubuhinzi. Bimwe muribi, birimo inzabibu, ibinyampeke, imbuto z'ubutaka, ibirayi, pomme na citrusi, byagize uruhare runini kandi birambye mu mibereho n'ubukungu bw'akarere. === Igihe cy'Ubwongereza === Repubulika y'ubuhorandi yahinduwe muri Repubulika ya Bataviya y’impinduramatwara y’Ubufaransa, Ubwongereza bwimukiye kwigarurira ubukoloni bw’Ubuholandi, harimo n’ubukoroni bwa VOC. U bwongereza bwigaruriye Cape Town mu mwaka wa 1795, ariko busubizwa mu Buholandi n’amasezerano mu 1803. Ingabo z’Abongereza zongeye kwigarurira Cape mu 1806 nyuma y’Intambara ya Blaauwberg igihe Repubulika ya Bataviya yifatanyaga na mukeba w’Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, mu gihe cy’intambara ya Napoleon. Intambara irangiye Cape Town yahawe u Bwongereza burundu mu masezerano y'Abongereza n'ubuholandi yo mu mwaka 1814. Umujyi wabaye umurwa mukuru wa Cape Colony nshya yari imaze gushingwa, akarere kayo kakaguka cyane kugeza mu myaka ya 1800, igice cyatewe n'intambara nyinshi na ama Xhosa k'umupaka w'iburasirazuba bwa koloni. Mu 1833, ubucakara bwakuweho muri koloni babohora imbata zirenga 5500 muri uwo mujyi, hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyabatuye umujyi icyo gihe. <ref name="Martin 1836 113">{{Cite book|pages=113}}</ref> ikibazo cy'abakatiwe mu 1849, cyaranzwe n’imivurungano ikomeye y’abaturage, cyashimangiye icyifuzo cyo kwiyobora muri Cape. <ref name=":7">{{Cite journal|pages=429–442}}</ref> Mu kwaguka haje gusabwa ubwigenge bukomeye mu Bwongereza, Cape igera ku nteko ishinga amategeko yayo mu mwaka wi 1854 na Minisitiri w’intebe ubarizwa aho (1872). Amatora yashyizweho hakurikijwe amacakubiri adafite amoko Cape yujuje ibisabwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bell |first=Charles |title=A painting of the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck in Table Bay |url=http://www.rosebuds.co.za/Toere/Cape%20Town.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111230184319/http://www.rosebuds.co.za/Toere/Cape%20Town.htm |archive-date=30 December 2011 |access-date=11 April 2011}}</ref> Mu mwaka wi 1850 nuwa 1860, ubundi bwoko bw’ibimera bwatangijwe muri Ositaraliya n’ubuyobozi bw’Ubwongereza. By'umwihariko rooikrans yatangijwe kugirango ituze umucanga wa Cape flats kugirango yemererwe umuhanda uhuza umupaka n’igice cy’umugabane wa Afurika, <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=60}}</ref> kandi eucalyptus yakoreshejwe mu kuvoma ibishanga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Contested Past and Present: Australian Trees in South Africa |url=https://www.ssrc.org/pages/A-Contested-Past-and-Present-Australian-Trees-in-South-Africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200727072156/https://www.ssrc.org/pages/A-Contested-Past-and-Present-Australian-Trees-in-South-Africa/ |archive-date=27 July 2020 |access-date=12 February 2020 |website=Social Science Research Council}}</ref> Mu 1859, umurongo wa gariyamoshi wa mbere wubatswe na gariyamoshi ya leta ya Cape kandi sisitemu ya gariyamoshi yagutse vuba mu 1870. Ivumburwa rya diyama muri Griqualand West mu 1867, na Witwatersrand Gold Rush mu 1886, byatumye umwuzure w’abinjira muri Afurika y'epfo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mbenga |first=Bernard |title=New History of South Africa |url=http://www.tafelberg.com/Books/2652 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140422132145/http://www.tafelberg.com/Books/2652 |archive-date=22 April 2014 |access-date=18 January 2013 |publisher=Tafelberg, South Africa, 2007}}</ref> Mu 1895, hafunguwe sitasiyo ya mbere y’amashanyarazi rusange y’umujyi, Graaff Electric Lighting Works. Amakimbirane hagati ya Repubulika ya Boer imbere na guverinoma y'ubukoroni bw’Abongereza yatumye Intambara ya kabiri ya Boer yo mu mwaka wi 1899–1902. Intsinzi y'Ubwongereza muri iyi ntambara yatumye hashyirwaho Afurika y'Epfo yunze ubumwe. Kuva mu 1891 kugeza 1901, abatuye umujyi barikubye kabiri bava kuri 67.000 bagera kuri 171.000. <ref name="C1875">{{Cite book|pages=212}}</ref> Igihe cy' ikinyejana cya 19 ubwo cyarangiraga, ubukungu bwa politiki bya Cape Town mu karere ka Afurika y'epfo mu kinyejana cya 19 byatangiye guha umwanya Johannesburg na Pretoriya mu kinyejana cya 20. <ref name="AMad">{{Cite book|pages=82–94}}</ref> === Igihe cya Afrika yepfo === Mu 1910, Ubwongereza bwashizeho ubumwe bw'Afurika y'epfo bwahuzaga Cape Colony hamwe na Repubulika ya Boer yatsinzwe na koloni y’Abongereza ya Natal. Cape Town yabaye umurwa mukuru w’amategeko w’Ubumwe, nyuma ya [[Afurika y’Epfo|Repubulika ya Afurika yepfo]]. Mu ibarura ryo mu 1936 Johannesburg yari Cape Town nk'umujyi munini mu gihugu. Mu 1945 kwagura ikibanza cya Cae Town cyarangiye, hiyongeraho 194ha (hegitari 480) kuri Cape Town CBD, no mu kwagura, akarere ka Bowl. <ref name="sahris_sahra_org_za">{{Cite web |last=Halkett |first=D.J. |date=October 2012 |title=Archaeological Assessment of the Proposed Cape Town International Convention Centre 2 on Erwen 192, 245, 246 and the Remainder of Erf 192, "Salazar Square", Roggebaai, Cape Town Foreshore |url=https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/CTICC%20AIA%2025_10_2012.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210529140706/https://sahris.sahra.org.za/sites/default/files/heritagereports/CTICC%20AIA%2025_10_2012.pdf |archive-date=29 May 2021 |access-date=26 August 2019 |website=sahra.org.za |page=18}}</ref> ==== Mugihe cya Aparthied ==== Mbere kandi y'ikinyejana cya 20 rwagati Cape Town yari umwe mumijyi ihuriweho n'amoko muri Afurika y'epfo. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=63–78}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|pages=51}}</ref>​''​''​ == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 82dp262ezd8z0kp21gahoa1k86hzb1j 0 20279 139496 137525 2026-09-23T09:54:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139496 wikitext text/x-wiki Umusozi wa Bandiagara Escarpment ni urutare ukaba uherereye mu gihugu cya [[Mali]]. ufite uburebure bugera kuri {{Convert|500|m|ft|-2|abbr=on}}. Agace ka escarpment gatuwe nuyu munsi n'abantu bo mubwoko bwaba Dogon. Mbere ya Dogon, escarpment yari ituwe n'abantu bo mubwoko bwa Tellem na Toloy. abantu benshi basigaye kuri Tellem. Escarpment ya Bandiagara yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’umurage w’isi wa UNESCO mu 1989.<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/mali-plunders-its-desert-heritage-to-feed-demand-forprimitive-art-687697.html</ref> '''Imisozi ya Bandiagara''' ni urutare rufite umucanga uva mu majyepfo ugana mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba hejuru ya {{Convert|200|km|mi|-1|abbr=on}} no kugera kuri massif ya Grandamia. Iherezo rya misifike ryaranzwe na [[Umusozi wa Hombori|Hombori Tondo]], impinga ndende ya Mali kuri {{Convert|1155|m|ft|abbr=on}} . Kubera imiterere yubucukumbuzi, amoko na geologiya, ikibanza cyose ni ingingo ishimishije.<ref>https://www.wmf.org/projects/bandiagara-escarpment-cultural-landscape</ref> == Escarpment ya Bandiagara uyumunsi == Uyu munsi, abayobozi baho baherekeza amatsinda yubukerarugendo kumuherekeza gusura imidugudu ya Dogon. Urukurikirane rw'inzira zinyura mu bitare, kandi burigace mui buri mudugudu utanga ibiryo n'amacumbi. Imidugudu yakira amafaranga ava mumacumbi n' ubukerarugendo. Biteganijwe ko ubwiyongere bukabije mu bukerarugendo bugana muri ako karere, kubera ko hubatswe umuhanda mushya, ugashyira igitutu ku mico gakondo, gakondo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-28 |archive-date=2018-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192018/https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack |url-status=dead }}</ref> Byongeye kandi, ''Ikinyamakuru The Independent'' kivuga ko gusahura ibihangano bya kera byakwirakwiriye muri kariya gace, gafite polisi mbi. Mu rwego rwo rushinzwe pariki n'ubukerarugendo ruhamagarira abantu ikibazo cyo gusura ba mukerarugendo batagenzuwe, Ikigega cy’Urwibutso rw’isi cyashyizemo Escarpment ya Bandiagara muri World Monuments Watch 2004 . Mu 2005, WMF yatanze inkunga yatanzwe na Express Express y'Abanyamerika kuri Mission Culturelle de Bandiagara yo gutegura gahunda yo kuyobora. Usibye kurinda inyubako gakondo, gahunda yubuyobozi irasaba ko hajyaho iyubakwa rishya binyuze mu gushyiraho umurongo ngenderwaho w’inyubako, nk'izigenga iterambere rishya mu turere tw’amateka ku isi.<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/516</ref> Nyuma y'intambara yabaye mu 2012 ikabera muriki gihugu cya Mali,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_38-45_bandiagara.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-28 |archive-date=2012-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322184540/http://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/wmf_article/pg_38-45_bandiagara.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> uduce two hagati mu gihugu, harimo ikibaya cya Dogon na Escarpment ya Bandiagara, byarushijeho kuba bibi. Imitwe y'iterabwoba ikorera muri kariya gace, kandi ihohoterwa hagati y'amoko yaho riba buri munsi. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2018, uyu mwanya w'ubukerarugendo ntago byemewe cyane kujya muri kariya gace mu bukerarugendo, kandi abashinzwe umutekano muri Mali bazwiho gusubiza inyuma abagerageza kubikora. Muri Werurwe 2018, umutwe witwaje intwaro wagabye igitero kuri hoteri yakundaga abakozi ba Loni mu mujyi wa Bandiagara, ihitana abantu benshi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2018 |title=Gunmen storm hotel in brutal attack – two dead |url=https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack |access-date=28 July 2025 |archive-date=8 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708192018/https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/world-news/692312/mali-hotel-shooting-hotel-la-falaise-in-bandiagara-islamist-attack |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} lwwxh06w0pofom8178vy5argrnqhtxj 0 20287 139432 137576 2026-09-23T09:43:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139432 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikibaya cya Batéké''' giherereye hafi y'umupaka uhuza [[Kongo|Repubulika ya Kongo]] na [[Gabon]]. Mu bihugu byombi yahaye izina amashami:<ref>https://www.britannica.com/place/Bateke-Plateau</ref> * Ishami rya Plateaux mu Ntara ya Haut-Ogooué, Gabon * Ishami rya Plateaux, n'igice cyo murwego rwa mbere muri [[Kongo|congo]]. ikibaya cya Bateke gifite ubuso bwa bugera hagati ya metero 550 na 830, kandi kikaba gikungahaye kuri manganese. Ikibaya cya Bateke ni agace ka kera k'ibirunga.<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/fr/listesindicatives/6592/</ref> Imigezi nyinshi inyura muri ako gace, harimo uruzi rwa Niari, rutemba muri Kongo, Ogooue, Mpassa, [[Ndjoumou River|Ndjoumou]], Lekabi na [[Lekey River|Lekey Inzuzi]] zitemba muri Gabon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.amazinggabon.com/fr/les-parcs-nationaux-du-gabon/les-plateaux-bateke/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-29 |archive-date=2019-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191015184125/https://www.amazinggabon.com/fr/les-parcs-nationaux-du-gabon/les-plateaux-bateke/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Parike y'igihugu ya Batéké * Perusset André. 1983. Oro-Hydrographie (Le Relief) muri ''Geographie et Cartographie du Gabon, Atlas Illustré'' iyobowe na Ministère de l'Uburezi Nationale de la Republique Gabonaise. Pg 10–13. Paris, Ubufaransa: Edicef. * Petringa, Mariya. ''Brazza, Ubuzima bwa Afrika''. Bloomington, IN: Umwanditsi w'inzu, 2006. . Dondora Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza ubushakashatsi bwimbitse ku kibaya cy'uruzi rwa Ogoué.<ref>https://www.wbkyotofunds.org/projects/dr-congo-bateke-fuelwood-and-timber-plantation</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} o2tbzwv1t72afu4k9z835lsotcn5bkf 0 20300 139370 130931 2026-09-23T09:09:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139370 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Rwenzori''' ni imisozi miremire yo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba bw’uburinganire, iherereye ku mupaka uhuza [[Ubugande|Uganda]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Impinga ndende ya Ruwenzori ifite uburebure bwa {{Convert|5109|m|ft}}, ni umusozi ukunda kugaragaraho ibicu ndetse n'urubura. Inzuzi zigaburirwa ninzuzi zo mumisozi zigize imwe mumasoko ya [[Nili]]. <ref>https://www.theguardian.com/environment/gallery/2012/jun/02/africa-forgotten-glaciers-in-pictures</ref> Kubera iyo mpamvu, abashakashatsi b’i [[Burayi]] bahujije Ruwenzori n’imisozi y’imigani y’ukwezi, byavuzwe n’intiti y’[[Ubugereki]] Ptolémée nk’isoko ya Nili. [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga]] mu burasirazuba bwa DR Congo na Parike ya Rwenzori yo mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Uganda iherereye muri urwo rwego. Imisozi yashinzwe ahagana mumyaka miriyoni eshatu ishize mugihe cyanyuma cya Pliocene kandi ni ibisubizo byazamuye amabuye ya kristaline harimo gneiss, amphibolite, granite na quartzite. <ref name="ucl">{{Cite web |date=15 September 2007 |title=Climate Change and the Aquatic Ecosystems of the Rwenzori Mountains |url=http://www.geog.ucl.ac.uk/about-the-department/people/academic-staff/richard-taylor/research/climate-change-and-the-aquatic-ecosystems-of-the-rwenzori-mountains |access-date=2 February 2014 |publisher=[[Makerere University]] and [[University College London]] |archive-date=23 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140223062133/http://www.geog.ucl.ac.uk/about-the-department/people/academic-staff/richard-taylor/research/climate-change-and-the-aquatic-ecosystems-of-the-rwenzori-mountains |url-status=dead }}</ref> Rwenzori ifite imisozi miremire itari ibirunga, idafite orogene ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 February 2021 |title=The Mountains of the Moon |url=https://www.volcanocafe.org/the-mountains-of-the-moon/ |access-date=30 July 2025 |archive-date=24 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250524011315/https://www.volcanocafe.org/the-mountains-of-the-moon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka ya Rwenzori == Rimwe na rimwe imisozi igaragazwa n’imigani uyu musozi wo bawitiriye " Umusozi w'ukwezi ", ivugwa mu bihe bya kera nk'isoko y'uruzi [[Nili|rwa Nili]]. Abashakashatsi bo mu Burayi bwa none barebye intera yatangiye guhera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya <ref>https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/understanding-new-us-terrorism-designations-africa</ref>, Samuel Baker avuga icyo yise "Imisozi y'Ubururu" yegereye intera mu 1864, naho Henry M. Stanley asura intera mu 1875 na 1888, ubwo yandikaga izina nka "Ruwenzori". Mu 1906,umushakashatsi Duke wa Abruzzi yakoze urugendo rugana i Ruwenzori, iyo nkuru ikaba yarasohowe na Filippo De Filippi. Urwo rugendo rwapimye impinga ndende cyane y’urwo rwego, inyinshi muri zo zikaba zaritiriwe umutware, naho umusozi wa Luigi di Savoia witwa izina rye. Aherekejwe na duke yari umufotozi Vittorio Sella, wari wasuye imisozi mbere. <ref>https://www.ucl.ac.uk/geography/~rtaylor/data_disk/rwenzori/rwenzori.htm</ref><ref name="rwenzoriabruzzi">{{Cite web |year=2006 |title=Vittorio Sella |url=http://rwenzoriabruzzi.com/sella.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508223804/http://www.rwenzoriabruzzi.com/sella.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date=2008-05-08 |access-date=2008-08-09 |publisher=Rwenzori Abruzzi Centenary Celebrations}}</ref> Igikorwa cyo gufotora Sella kibitswe kuri Museo Nazionale della Montagna muri Turin no kuri Istituto di Fotografia Alpina Vittorio Sella muri Biella, haba mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]. Kaminuza ya Makerere, muri Uganda, nayo ifite guhitamo amashusho ye.<ref>https://www.fao.org/4/ad910e/AD910E30.htm</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} iozc8y11q7ncaans72hg8js6379ghnb 0 20308 139083 135504 2026-09-23T02:30:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139083 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Port Louis''' ni [[umurwa]] mukuru akaba ari n'umujyi utuwe cyane wa [[Morise|Maurice]], cyane uherereye mu Karere ka Port Louis, uyu mujyi ufite agace gato k'iburengerazuba mu Karere ka Ruzi rwa Rukara. Port Louis n'icyo kigo cy'imari na politiki by'igihugu. Iyobowe n'Inama Njyanama y'Umujyi wa Port Louis. Ibarura rusange ryo mu 2018 ryakozwe n’ibarurishamibare Maurice, abaturage baho bari 147.066. <ref name="stats2018">{{Cite web |last=Statistics Mauritius: Demography Unit |year=2018 |title=DIGEST OF DEMOGRAPHIC STATISTICS 2018 |url=http://statsmauritius.govmu.org/English/StatsbySubj/Documents/Digest/Demography/Digest_Demo_Yr18.pdf |access-date=21 May 2020 |series=Dec |publisher=Government of Mauritius |page=33}}</ref> == Amateka == Port Louis yakoreshejwe nk'icyambu n'abimukira b'Abaholandi kuva mu mwaka wi 1606, igihe batangiraga kuvuga ako gace nka ''Harbour ya Tortoises''. mu mwaka wi 1736 iyobowe na guverinoma y’Ubufaransa, yahindutse ikigo cy’ubutegetsi bwa Maurice kandi gihagarikwa cyane n’amato y’Abafaransa igihe banyuraga hagati ya [[Aziya]] n’U burayi, bazengurutse ikirwa cya Byiringiro. icyubahiro Umwami Louis XV. Muri kiriya gihe cy’abakoloni b'Abafaransa, Maurice yari azwi ku izina rya Ile de France. Guverineri w’Ubufaransa muri kiriya gihe, Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry’umujyi. Kubera ko Port Louis yari ikingiwe neza n’umuyaga mwinshi mu gihe cy’umuyaga na Moka Mountain Range, Port Louis yatoranijwe kugira ngo ibemo icyambu kinini n’igihome cy’izinga. Agaciro k’icyambu karakomeje mu gihe Abongereza bigaruriye icyo kirwa mu gihe cy’intambara ya Napoleonique (1800-15), kandi kugenzura inyanja y’[[Ubuhinde]]. <ref>https://human-settlement.emergency.copernicus.eu/ucdb2024visual.php</ref>Icyakora, guhamagarira amato cyane nyuma yo gufungura umuyoboro wa Suez mu mwaka wi 1869. Ibikorwa by’icyambu byiyongereye mu gihe cy’imyaka irindwi hafunzwe umuyoboro wa Suez guhera mu 1967. Kuvugurura icyambu mu mpera z'umwaka wa 70 byamufashije gukomeza uruhare rwacyo nk'ibintu nyamukuru biva mu mahanga n'ibicuruzwa biva muri Maurice. Mu gihe Port Louis ikomeje kuba umurwa mukuru w’ubucuruzi n’ubuyobozi bwa Maurice, kwagura inganda z’ubukerarugendo yatumye habaho iterambere ryinshi muri Port Louis, hubatswe amaduka menshi, amahoteri, na resitora mu gace ka Caudan Waterfront. Raouf Oderuth, Umuhanzi wo muri Maurice atanga amashusho yo mu 1930 yerekana inkombe y’amazi igihe ubwikorezi bwa moteri butabaho. haracyamenyekana nubwo inyubako ndende, imodoka nyinshi, hamwe n'imbaga y'abanyamaguru.<ref>https://www.lemauricien.com/le-mauricien/port-louis-un-candidat-independant-coiffe-le-changement-au-no-8/673776/</ref> == Guverinoma == Imiyoborere y’ibanze ya Port Louis igenzurwa n'inama njyanama y'umujyi. Inama Njyanama y’Umujyi wa Port Louis yashinzwe bwa mbere mu 1830, ubu ikaba ari imwe mu nama eshanu z’amakomine zishinzwe imijyi yo muri Maurice, nkuko byateguwe n’amategeko agenga ubuyobozi bw’ibanze 2011. Inama njyanama y'umujyi wa komine ifite abanyamuryango 32. Umujyi ugabanijwemo amatora mu bice umunani buri wese asubiza abajyanama bane. <ref>{{Cite web |title=City/Towns |url=https://electoral.govmu.org/oec/?page_id=577 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250403012904/https://electoral.govmu.org/oec/?page_id=577 |archive-date=3 April 2025 |access-date=15 May 2025 |website=Office of the Electoral Commission}}</ref> Abajyanama noneho batora Umuyobozi n'uwungirije umuyobozi. Imikorere y'inama njyanama ikorwa binyuze mu mashami y'ubuyobozi, Imari, Imikoreshereze y'ubutaka n'igenamigambi, ibikorwa remezo rusange, Ubuzima rusange, imibereho myiza, parike n'ubusitani, hamwe n'isomero ry'Umujyi. Serivisi zitangwa n'inzego z'ibanze zirimo amashuri abanza, amashuri y'incuke, n'amashuri y'imyuga, kurengera ubuzima, kugenzura imiturire, serivisi z’imihanda, gukusanya imyanda, amarimbi, serivisi zimwe na zimwe zo kurengera ibidukikije n’umuguzi, n’ibikorwa byo kuzamura ubukungu. Izindi serivisi zitangwa mu mujyi na guverinoma nkuru. Harimo serivisi za polisi binyuze mu gipolisi cya Maurice, gikomeza ibice bibiri bishinzwe agace ka Port Louis (Metropolitan Diviziyo y'Amajyaruguru n'Amajyepfo). Hariho na Polisi yihariye ya Port, igizwe na Polisi ya Harbour na Polisi ya Sugar Terminal. Mu nshingano zabo harimo gutanga umutekano ku mizigo n'ibikoresho byo mu cyambu no kubahiriza amategeko ajyanye n'amabwiriza yo ku cyambu, gasutamo, akato, abinjira n'abasohoka. Mu matora y’amakomine 2025, Alliance du Changement yatsindiye imyanya 31 kuri 32 y’inama njyanama, mu gihe uwigenga yabonye umutekano. Nyuma y’amatora, akanama katoye Aslam Hosenally w’umutwe w’abarwanyi bo muri Maurice kuba umuyobozi wa nyagasani, wahoze akora uwo mwanya kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 kugeza 2013, na Giovanni Hensley w’ishyaka ry’abakozi kuba umuyobozi wungirije. == Ubukungu == Ubukungu bwuy'umujyi bwiganjemo ikigo cy’imari, ibikoresho by’ibyambu, ubukerarugendo, n’inganda zikora imyenda, imiti, plastiki n'imiti. Port Louis niho hari icyambu kinini mu karere k'inyanja y'Ubuhinde kandi ni kimwe mu bigo by'imari bikomeye bya Afurika. <ref name="Port">{{Cite web |title=Port of Port Louis |url=http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/MUS_Port_of_Port_Louis_2331.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520105739/http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/MUS_Port_of_Port_Louis_2331.php |archive-date=20 May 2019 |access-date=24 July 2012 |publisher=World Port Source}}</ref> == Uburezi == Port-Louis ibamo amashuri yisumbuye menshi arimo Alpha College, Bhujoharry College, Labourdonnais College, Port Louis Academy, Loreto College, Madad Ul Islam Girls College, Ishuri ry’abakobwa ry’abayisilamu, Umujyi wa Koleji, Ishuri ry’umunsi, Ishuri ry’ubushakashatsi bw’ubuyisilamu n’isi, Ishuri Rikuru rya Londere, Ocep Ishuri rikuru ryisumbuye, MEDCO Trinity Secondary Secondary SSS, Goolam Mohammed Dawjee Atchia State College, Ishuri ryisumbuye rya MEDCO Cassis, Renganaden Seeneevassen SSS, Port Louis SSS na Port College Louis. Leta ikora kandi ishuri ry'imyuga ku bahungu, Immaculee Conception SSV. Ikigo gikomeye cy’amashuri makuru muri Port Louis ni kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga, Maurice, kaminuza ya leta yibanda ku ikoranabuhanga. École de Medecine Louis Pasteur ritegura abanyeshuri kwigira ubuvuzi muri Université de Lille mu Bufaransa. Amashuri menshi ya tekiniki nayo afite ibibanza mu mujyi, harimo ishuri rya Jhurry ryari iryinzobere mu ikoranabuhanga ry'amakuru, Ishuri ryubucuruzi rya Appavoo, Ishuri ry’abaforomo rya Apollo Bramwell, Ishuri ry’icungamutungo n’imicungire ya BSP, hamwe n’ishuri rikuru ry’ibaruramari rya London. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 9u0ob5fmm4utlf07ybs00dhaay0ace2 0 20338 139126 134832 2026-09-23T02:38:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139126 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Ibuprofen | IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-2-(4-(2-Methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid <!-- Clinical data -->| image = (RS)-Ibuprofen Structural Formula V1.svg | width = 200px | image2 = Ibuprofen-3D-balls.png | width2 = 250px | alt2 = (R)-ibuprofen <!-- Names -->| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|aɪ|b|juː|p|r|oʊ|f|ɛ|n}}, {{IPAc-en|aɪ|b|juː|ˈ|p|r|oʊ|f|ən}}, {{respell|EYE|bew|PROH|fən}} | tradename = Advil, Motrin, Nurofen, [[List of ibuprofen brand names|others]] | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|ibuprofen}} | MedlinePlus = a682159 <!-- Legal data -->| licence_EU = yes <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->| DailyMedID = Ibuprofen | pregnancy_AU = C | pregnancy_AU_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy">{{drugs.com|pregnancy|ibuprofen}}</ref> | pregnancy_category = D (US) at ≥30 weeks of gestation, due to the potential for premature closure of the ''[[ductus arteriosus]]''<ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy" /> | legal_AU = OTC | legal_CA = OTC | legal_UK = GSL | legal_US = OTC | legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;Rx-only | routes_of_administration = By mouth, rectal, topical, [[intravenous therapy|intravenous]] | bioavailability = 80–100% (by mouth),<ref name="Davanzo2014">{{cite journal|last1=Davanzo|first1=R|last2=Bua|first2=J|last3=Paloni|first3=G|last4=Facchina|first4=G|title=Breastfeeding and migraine drugs|journal=European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=November 2014|volume=70|issue=11|pages=1313–24|doi=10.1007/s00228-014-1748-0|pmid=25217187|type=Review}}</ref> 87% (rectal) | protein_bound = 98%<ref name = clinp>{{cite journal|last=Davies|first=NM|title=Clinical pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen: The first 30 years.|journal=Clinical Pharmacokinetics|date=February 1998|volume=34|issue=2|pages=101–54|doi=10.2165/00003088-199834020-00002|pmid=9515184}}</ref> | metabolism = Liver ([[CYP2C9]])<ref name = clinp/> | metabolites = ibuprofen glucuronide, 2-hydroxyibuprofen, 3-hydroxyibuprofen, carboxy-ibuprofen, 1-hydroxyibuprofen | onset = 30{{nbsp}}min<ref>{{cite web|title=ibuprofen|url=http://web.squ.edu.om/med-lib/med_cd/e_cds/Nursing%20Drug%20Guide/mg/ibuprofen.htm|access-date=31 January 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150113042104/http://web.squ.edu.om/med-Lib/MED_CD/E_CDs/Nursing%20Drug%20Guide/mg/ibuprofen.htm|archive-date=13 January 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> | elimination_half-life = 2–4 h<ref name="Grosser2017">{{cite journal|last1=Grosser|first1=T|last2=Ricciotti|first2=E|last3=FitzGerald|first3=GA|title=The Cardiovascular Pharmacology of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs|journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences|date=August 2017|volume=38|issue=8|pages=733–48|doi=10.1016/j.tips.2017.05.008|pmid=28651847|pmc=5676556|type=Review}}</ref> | duration_of_action = | excretion = Urine (95%)<ref name = clinp/><ref name=TGA>{{cite web|title=Brufen Tablets And Syrup|publisher=Therapeutic Goods Administration|date=31 July 2012|access-date=8 May 2014|url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2009-PI-00035-3|format=PDF|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160820064609/https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2009-PI-00035-3|archive-date=20 August 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| synonyms = isobutylphenylpropionic acid | C = 13 | H = 18 | O = 2 | SMILES = CC(C)Cc1ccc(cc1)[C@@H](C)C(=O)O | StdInChI = 1S/C13H18O2/c1-9(2)8-11-4-6-12(7-5-11)10(3)13(14)15/h4-7,9-10H,8H2,1-3H3,(H,14,15) | StdInChIKey = HEFNNWSXXWATRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | density = 1.03 g/ml | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | melting_point = 75 | melting_high = 78 | boiling_point = 157 | boiling_notes = at 4 mmHg | solubility = 0.021 | verifiedrevid = 464191340 | Watchedfields = changed | license_US = Ibuprofen | class = [[Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug]] (NSAID) | chirality = [[Racemic mixture]] | uses = [[Pain]], [[fever]], [[inflammation]]<ref name=AHFS2016/> | side_effects = [[Heartburn]], [[rash]]<ref name=AHFS2016/> | interactions = <!-- notable interactions --> | pregnancy_US = C | pregnancy_US_comment = <ref name="Drugs.com pregnancy" /> | breastfeeding = Safe<ref name=Breast2021/> | defined_daily_dose = 1.2 g (by mouth) or<br> 1.2 g (parenteral) or<br> 1.2 g (rectal) for pain relief<ref name"who">{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=M01AE01 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=17 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017235515/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=M01AE01 |url-status=live }}</ref> and<br>30 mg (parenteral) for treatment of ischemic heart diseases<ref name="who1">{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C01EB16 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=22 September 2020 |archive-date=1 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101012238/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C01EB16 |url-status=live }}</ref> | typical_dose = <!-- External links --> }}'''Ibuprofen''' ni imiti yo mu cyiciro cya nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) ikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare, umuriro, n’ububabare.<ref name="AHFS2016">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ibuprofen.html|title=Ibuprofen|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2016-10-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052204/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ibuprofen.html|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Ibi birimo imihango ibabaza, migraine, na rubagimpande ya rubagimpande.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mugufunga patent ductus arteriosus kumwana utagejeje igihe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ishobora gukoreshwa biciye mukanwa cyangwa mumitsi.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Mubisanzwe itangira gukora mugihe kingana n isha imwe.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo gutwika no guhubuka.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ugereranije nizindi NSAIDs, irashobora kugira ingaruka nke nko kuva amaraso gastrointestinal.<ref name="BNF67">{{Cite book|title=British National Formulary, March 2014–September 2014|date=2014|publisher=British Medical Association|location=London|isbn=978-0857110862|pages=686–688|edition=2014}}</ref> Yongera ibyago byo kunanirwa k'umutima, kunanirwa kw'impyiko, no kunanirwa kw'umwijima.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Mugihe gito, ntabwo bigaragara ko byongera ibyago byo kurwara umutima; icyakora, kuri dosiye ndende irashobora.<ref name="BNF67" /> Ibuprofen irashobora kandi kwangiza asima.<ref name="BNF67" /> Nubwo bidasobanutse niba ari umutekano mugihe cyo gutwita hakiri kare,<ref name="AHFS2016" /> bigaragara ko ari bibi mugihe cyo gutwita nyuma bityo ntibisabwa.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ibuprofen.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=22 May 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170909052509/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ibuprofen.html|archive-date=9 September 2017}}</ref> Koresha mugihe konsa ari umutekano.<ref name="Breast2021">{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/ibuprofen.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=29 March 2021|language=en|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417113554/https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/ibuprofen.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Kimwe nizindi NSAIDs, ikora ibuza umusaruro wa prostaglandine kugabanya ibikorwa bya enzyme cyclooxygenase.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Ibuprofen nintege nke zo kurwanya inflammatory kurusha izindi NSAIDs.<ref name="BNF67" /> Ibuprofen yavumbuwe mu 1961 na Stewart Adams muri Boots UK Limited hanyuma ibanza kugurishwa nka '''Brufen'''.<ref name="plat12">{{Cite journal|last=Halford|first=GM|last2=Lordkipanidzé|first2=M|last3=Watson|first3=SP|title=50th anniversary of the discovery of ibuprofen: an interview with Dr Stewart Adams.|journal=Platelets|date=2012|volume=23|issue=6|pages=415–22|doi=10.3109/09537104.2011.632032|pmid=22098129}}</ref> Iraboneka munsi yizina ryubucuruzi, harimo '''Nurofen''', '''Inama''' na '''Motrin'''.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-your-cupboard/nurofen/4|title=Chemistry in your cupboard &#124; Nurofen|website=|access-date=|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605052836/http://www.rsc.org/learn-chemistry/resources/chemistry-in-your-cupboard/nurofen/4|archive-date=5 June 2014}}</ref> Yashyizwe ku isoko bwa mbere mu 1969 mu Bwongereza no muri Amerika mu 1974.<ref name="AHFS2016" /><ref name="plat12" /> Ari kurutonde rwumuryango wubuzima ku isi urutonde rwimiti yingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Iraboneka nkumuti rusange.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya {{US$}} 0.01 na {{US$}} 0.04 kuri dose.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=416&searchYear=2014|access-date=12 January 2016|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213102913/https://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=416&searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, igura amadolari {{US$}} 0.05 kuri dose.<ref name="AHFS2016" /> Muri 2017, yari imiti ya 28 yandikiwe cyane muri Amerika, hamwe na barenga 24{{nbsp}}miriyoni.<ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|publisher=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Ibuprofen - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ibuprofen|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412011504/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ibuprofen|url-status=live}}</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] ivxmkox9spuxxw625a8wj6dyz7jniu0 0 20358 139161 123772 2026-09-23T03:13:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139161 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox drug | drug_name = Furosemide | IUPAC_name = 4-Chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid <!-- Clinical data -->| image = Furosemide.svg | image2 = Furosemide-1Z9Y-3D-balls.png <!-- Names -->| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|f|j|ʊ|ˈ|ɹ|oʊ|s|ə|ˌ|m|aɪ|d}} | tradename = | Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|furosemide}} | MedlinePlus = <!-- Legal data --> | DailyMedID = Furosemide <!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->| pregnancy_AU = C | legal_status = Rx-only | routes_of_administration = By mouth, [[Intravenous therapy|IV]], [[Intramuscular injection|IM]] | bioavailability = 43–69% | protein_bound = | metabolism = Liver and kidney [[glucuronidation]] | onset = 30 to 60 min (PO), 5 min (IV)<ref name=AHFS2015/> | elimination_half-life = up to 100 minutes | duration_of_action = | excretion = renal 66%, biliary 33% <!-- Chemical and physical data -->| synonyms = Frusemide | C = 12 | Cl = 1 | H = 11 | N = 2 | O = 5 | S = 1 | SMILES = o1cccc1CNc(cc2Cl)c(C(=O)O)cc2S(=O)(=O)N | StdInChI = 1S/C12H11ClN2O5S/c13-9-5-10(15-6-7-2-1-3-20-7)8(12(16)17)4-11(9)21(14,18)19/h1-5,15H,6H2,(H,16,17)(H2,14,18,19) | StdInChIKey = ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | verifiedrevid = 461114978 | Watchedfields = changed | class = | uses = [[Edema]]<ref name=AHFS2015/> | side_effects = <!-- common side effects and notable side effects --> | interactions = <!-- notable interactions --> | pregnancy_US = C | breastfeeding = | defined_daily_dose = 40 mg<ref name=WHO2020DDD>{{cite web |title=WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index |url=https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C03CA01 |website=www.whocc.no |access-date=30 August 2020 |archive-date=19 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200819112443/https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code=C03CA01 |url-status=live }}</ref> | typical_dose = <!-- External links --> }}'''Furosemide''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Lasix''' mu zindi, ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura amazi bitewe no kunanirwa ku umutima, inkovu z'umutima, cyangwa indwara z'impyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015">{{Cite web|title=Furosemide|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/furosemide.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=October 23, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151119161939/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/furosemide.html|archive-date=2015-11-19}}</ref> Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mukuvura umuvuduko ukabije wamaraso.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Irashobora gufatwa no guterwa ku imitsi cyangwa mumunwa.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Iyo ifashwe kumunwa, mubisanzwe itangira gukora mugihe cyisaha imwe, mugihe imitsi, itangira gukora muminota itanu.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka zisanzwe zirimo kumva urumuri ruhagaze, kuvuza amatwi, no kumva urumuri.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Ingaruka zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo electrolyte idasanzwe, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, no [[Ubumuga bwo kutumva|kutumva neza]].<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Kwipimisha amaraso birasabwa buri gihe kubavura.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Furosemide ni ubwoko bwa loop diuretic ikora mukugabanya reabsorption ya sodium nimpyiko.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Furosemide yahawe patenti mu 1959 kandi yemererwa gukoreshwa mu 1964.<ref name="Fischer2006">{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=458|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA458|language=en|access-date=2019-03-01|archive-date=2019-03-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301201603/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&pg=PA458|url-status=live}}</ref> Ari kurutonde rw'umuryango wubuzima ku isi urutonde rwimiti yingenzi.<ref name="WHO21st">{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}</ref> Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya $ 0.004 na US $ 0.02 kumunsi.<ref name="ref2">{{Cite web|title=Furosemide|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=363&searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=24 October 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170510104950/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=363&searchYear=2014|archive-date=10 May 2017}}</ref> Muri Amerika, iraboneka nk'imiti rusange kandi igura amadorari y'Amerika 0.15 kumunsi.<ref name="AHFS2015" /> Muri 2017, yari imiti ya 17 ikunze kwandikirwa muri Amerika, hamwe na miliyoni zirenga 30 zandikiwe.<ref name="ref">{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="ref1">{{Cite web|title=Furosemide - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=1 December 1981|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Furosemide|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411215007/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Furosemide|url-status=live}}</ref> Ari kurutonde rw’ibiro bishinzwe kurwanya ibiyobyabwenge ku isi kubera impungenge z’uko ishobora guhisha ibiyobyabwenge.<ref>{{Cite web|title=THE 2014 PROHIBITED LIST INTERNATIONAL STANDARD|url=https://wada-main-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/resources/files/WADA-prohibited-list-2014-EN.pdf|access-date=24 October 2015|page=5|date=2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115033743/https://wada-main-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/resources/files/WADA-prohibited-list-2014-EN.pdf|archive-date=15 January 2016}}</ref> Yarakoreshejwe kandi mu mafarashi yo gusiganwa mu kuvura no gukumira amaraso ava mu bihaha.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sullivan|first=S|last2=Hinchcliff|first2=K|title=Update on exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage.|journal=The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice|date=April 2015|volume=31|issue=1|pages=187–98|pmid=25770069|doi=10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hinchcliff|first=KW|last2=Couetil|first2=LL|last3=Knight|first3=PK|last4=Morley|first4=PS|last5=Robinson|first5=NE|last6=Sweeney|first6=CR|last7=van Erck|first7=E|title=Exercise induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine consensus statement.|journal=Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine|date=2015|volume=29|issue=3|pages=743–58|pmid=25996660|doi=10.1111/jvim.12593|pmc=4895427}}</ref> == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Translated from MDWiki]] e6snd6v7kpzvzuxjlmucmnzxt1n0i33 0 20382 139084 136168 2026-09-23T02:30:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139084 wikitext text/x-wiki '''SANKARA DA PRIMIER''' amazina ye nyakuri ni Mutore Isaac, ni umwe mu basobanuzi ba Film mu Rwanda babigize umwuga aho akundwa n'abatari bake, yagaragaje ko urupfu rwa mukuru we YANGA rwamubabaje cyane ndetse bigatuma yakira agakiza,<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/sankara-yagaragaje-ko-urupfu-rwa-yanga-rwatumye-areka-inzoga-burundu</ref> ''<u>Imibereho</u>'' '''Sankara''' ubuzima bwe bwa buri munsi abumara asobanura Film, ibizwi nk'agasobanuye aho yavuze ko abikora abikunze kandi ko bimutunze, yongeyeho ko akazi kose hhatitawe kuburyo abantu baguca intege iyo ubishyizeho umutima bigutunga kandi neza,<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/sankara-umuvandimwe-wa-yanga-yagarutse-mu-gusobanura-filime-nyuma-yimyaka-ibiri-anashinga--107629</ref> == Amateka ye mu mwuga == Sankara yagize Ati “Kuri njye ntabwo byari binyoroheye, kuko byansabaga y’uko ngomba kuva ku ishuri nkaba nzi neza ko saa kumi ngomba kuba mvuye Lycée de Kigali nageze mu rugo. Saa kumi n’ebyiri cyangwa saa moya ngomba kuba ndi muri salle ndangije filime." <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/sankara-umuvandimwe-wa-yanga-yagarutse-mu-gusobanura-filime-nyuma-yimyaka-ibiri-anashinga--107629</ref> == Imikoranire ye na Star times == Sankara yatangiye gukorana na Star Times muburyo bwo kwa mamaza no gukora film zica kuri shene za star times,<ref>https://igihe.com/serivisi/article/sankara-the-premier-yasinye-amasezerano-azanyuza-filime-ze-kuri-startimes</ref> === Amashakiro === {{Reflist}} b1wqnbco12440fu61qohpbthgs214x9 0 20395 139275 137365 2026-09-23T07:36:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139275 wikitext text/x-wiki Mukasekuru Hadidja wamamaye cyane nka Fabiola ni Umunyarwandakazi w'umukinnyi wa filme wabigize umwuga, akabifatanya n'umwuga wo guteka ndetse akaba n'umubyeyi, Aho yatangiye kumenyekana kuva muri 2010. {| |+'''Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola''' ! colspan="2" | |- !Born !Mukasekuru Hadidja |- !Other names !Mukasekuru Fabiola |- !Nationality !Rwandan |- !Spouse !Ndoli Egide |- !children !3 |- !Notable work !Amarira y'Urukundo Urwobo rubi Ruganzu Inkovu series<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/kera-habayeho-filime-nyarwanda-zakanyujijeho-zitazibagirana#:~:text=Ni%20filime%20y'urukundo%20yamenyekanye%20cyane%20mu%20Rwanda.,Manzi%20%5BKayumba%20Vianney%5D%20na%20Fabiola%20%5BMukasekuru%20Hadidja%5D. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/kera-habayeho-filime-nyarwanda-zakanyujijeho-zitazibagirana#:~:text=Ni%20filime%20y'urukundo%20yamenyekanye%20cyane%20mu%20Rwanda.,Manzi%20%5BKayumba%20Vianney%5D%20na%20Fabiola%20%5BMukasekuru%20Hadidja%5D.]</ref> |} Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola yakuze afite inzozi zo kumvikanisha ibitekerezo bye no kumenyekana ariko biciye mu kwandika ibitabo, mu nkuru mpimbano ndetse no mu guhanga imikino mbona-nkubone igamije kwigisha no guhugura imbaga rusange n'imibanire mu bantu, cyane ko kimwe mu bihangano bye ari nayo filme yanditse akanamenyekaniramo cyane "Amarira y'urukundo" yayanditse ashingiye ku nkuru mpamo y'ubuzima bwe bwite yanyuzemo.<ref name=":0">https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559</ref> nubwo byagarutsweho cyane mu itangazamakuru ko Gukina filme z'urukundo aribyo byatumye atandukana n'umugabo we wa mbere, ariko Mukasekuru Fabiola yabihakanye yivuye inyuma ko we n'umugabo we batangiye kutumvikana kuva 2004 ari nacyo gihe bakoreye ubukwe. yagize ati: <small>''“Amakimbirane yacu yatangiye ntaranakina filimi kuko urugamba narutangiye mu mwaka wa 2004 ari na wo nashatsemo. Abatekerezaga ko mu gutandukana kwa Fabiola n’umugabo we ari Manzi wabigizemo uruhare si byo kuko uretse kuba Manzi yitonda ni n’umwana kuri njye, baramubeshyera rwose.”''</small> <ref>https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559</ref> == Umwuga == Mukasekuru Fabiola yinjiye mu mwuga wa filme mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2010, Nyuma y'ubuzima bushaririye yarabayemo n'umugabo we wa mbere bimutera kubihimbamo inkuru, n'ubwo igitekerezo cya mbere yifuzaga ko iyo nkuru yayikoramo igitabo ariko ntibyakunda kubera ubushobozi ahubwo ahitamo kubikoramo filme<ref name=":0" /> "Amarira y'Urukundo" inkuru yavugaga k'umukobwa Fabiola wabanaga na Mukase akajya amuteranya na se umubyara ndetse umuryango we umwangira gukundana n'umungu Manzi ([[Kayumba Vianney]]) bari barakundanye kugeza ubwo abaye umusazi. ndetse kuva 2025 iyi filme Amarira y'Urukundo yongeye gusubukurwa mu gice cyayo cya 2 (season 2) ndetse abakinnyi bayo bimena Manzi na Fabiola bakazaba aribo bayoboye inkuru yayo nanone n'ubwo bongereyemo abandi bakinnyi bashya<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/manzi-na-fabiola-bongeye-guhurira-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yakunzwe-mu</ref> Mukasekuru Fabiola warusanzwe amenyerewe no gukina role z'umukobwa uhohoterwa, umukobwa witotonda, umukobwa mwiza cyane nko muri film yakomerejeho nyuma y'Amarira y'urukundo arizo zirimo nka Ruganzu, urwobo rubi, Muri 2016 Mukasekuru Fabiola yongera gushyira hanze indi filme yanditse yise "Ubugome" yavugaga ku mukobwa witwa Marita wahuye n’ibibazo byinshi aharanira kurengera ubuzima bw'umusore yakundaga bwari mu kaga nyamara aza gusanga uwo yifurizaga ibyiza niwe uri inyuma y’ububabare bwose acamo<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/filime-70102</ref> ni filme yakoze ivugisha benshi cyane ko muri iyo filme yarahanganyemo na [[Daniel Gaga]] (Ngenzi) aribo bari bayoboye inkuru yabyo. Bituma afata icyemezo cyo kuba ahagaritse gukina filme abanza yihugiraho yiyitaho yita no ku muryango mushya yaramaze gushinga we na Ndoli Egide <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mukasekuru-khadja-fabiola-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-n-umugabo-yam-69911</ref> 2024 wabaye umwaka wo kugaruka imbere ya za camera yongera kugaragara muri film noneho mu isura nshya atakiri umukobwa ukina filme zibabaje gusa ahohoterwa ahubwo aza ariwe ukina ari umugome yinjirira kuri film y'uruhererekane "Inkovu Series" <ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema.]</ref> kuva ubwo Mukasekuru fabiola ari kugaragara muri filme nyinshi zica ku muyoboro wa youtube harimo why me, tears of love ariyo season ya 2 y'Amarira y'urukundo, The devil, My daughter, Imuzi n'izindi. Mukasekuru Fabiola ndetse mu myaka amaze mu mwuga wo gukora film no kuzikina akaba ari umukobwa wakunzwe kwigaragaza nk'umunyadushya, udatinya role yose bamuhaye ndetse akaba na fashion icon mu myambarire ye yaba mu marushanwa yagiye yitabira aho muri 2015 yegukanye ibihembo icy'umukinnyi w'umugore mwiza w'umwaka (best Actress of the year) umukinnyi mwiza mu bakinnyi ba filime za action (best actress in action)<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/Urukundo-rw-ibanga-hagati-y-abakinnyi-ba-filime-Fabiola-na-Eric#:~:text=Fabiola%20ni%20umubyeyi%20w'abana%20batatu%20bikaba%20bivugwa,ibihembo%20by'abakinnyi%20ba%20filime%20bya%20Rwanda%20Movie</ref> ndetse n'ibindi bikorwa byose bya sinema agaragaramo. == Ubuzima Bwite == Mukasekuru Fabiola kuva yakwinjira mu mwuga wo gukora no gukina filme yavuzweho inkuru nyinshi, harimo ko Umukinnyi Kayumba Vianney bakinannye yitwa Manzi muri filme "Amarira y'urukundo" ariwe wabaye intandaro yo gutandukana n'umugabo we wa mbere, ariko Mukasekuru Fabiola yarabihakanye avuga ko bamubeshyera ndetse ari n'umwana kuri we n'ubwo bakinannye iby'urukundo ariko amuruta atatinyuka gukundana na we<ref>https://isimbi.rw/spip.php?article1559</ref> nyuma ya Manzi haje guhwihwiswa inkuru nyinshi z'urukundo rw'ibanga rwari hagati ye na Eric Rutabayiro uzwi nka Pablo, aho muri 2015 nyuma yo gutangariza mu bihembo bya Rwanda Movie awards ko yatandukanye n'umugabo we wa mbere babyaranye abana ba 3, gusa nabyo aza kubihakana ndetse na Pablo arabihakana.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/Urukundo-rw-ibanga-hagati-y-abakinnyi-ba-filime-Fabiola-na-Eric#:~:text=Fabiola%20ni%20umubyeyi%20w'abana%20batatu%20bikaba%20bivugwa,ibihembo%20by'abakinnyi%20ba%20filime%20bya%20Rwanda%20Movie</ref> 2016 yaje kwerekana umukunzi mushya Ndoli Egide ndetse udafite ikibazo na kimwe ku kuba akina filme ndetse anasobanura ko ntacyo nka we bimutwaye kuba yaramukunze afite abana yabyaranye n'umugabo we wa 1 yagize ati: ''<small>”Nta pfunwe bizantera kuko nanjye nkunda abana. Naho ijambo namubwira ubu n’uko mukunda.”</small>'' <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/mukasekuru-khadja-fabiola-nyuma-yo-gutandukana-n-umugabo-yam-69911</ref> Nyuma yo gukora no gukina filme Mukasekuru Hadidja Fabiola ajya akora imirimo ijyanye no guteka atekera abakoresheje ibirori, ubukwe, n’ibindi bitandukanye.<ref>[https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema. https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/fabiola-wamamariye-muri-filime-amarira-y-urukundo-yasubiye-muri-sinema#:~:text=muri%20sinema%20%7C%20IGIHE-,Fabiola%20wamamariye%20muri%20filime%20%E2%80%9CAmarira%20y'urukundo%E2%80%9D%20yasubiye%20muri,bituma%20ajya%20kure%20ya%20sinema.]</ref> ndetse Mukasekuru yigeze yabaho Umuyobozi mu murenge wa Kinyinya ahagarariye Abashinzwe isuku mu mwaka wa 2017. <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/fabiola-wizihiwe-no-kubona-akazi-mu-murenge-asanga-nubwo-ata-73200</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ilvwdrybvz7nh6o1573e1x9i51qfd9u 0 20440 139187 137981 2026-09-23T03:16:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139187 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Algiers''''' ni filime y’ikinamico yo muri Amerika yakinwe mu mwaka wi 1938 iyobowe na John Cromwell, yanditswe na John Howard Lawson ikinwamo na Charles Boyer, Sigrid Gurie na Hedy Lamarr. intego yayo yavugaga kum'umujura <ref name="tcmart">{{Cite web |last=LoBianco |first=Lorraine |title=Algiers |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/19052/algiers#articles-reviews |access-date=February 20, 2024 |website=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}</ref> wihishe muri Algiers ahura na nukerarugendo mwiza womubufaransa. Igicuruzwa cya Walter Wanger (cyatanzwe mbere n’abahanzi bunze ubumwe ) cyasubiwemo filime nziza yo mu 1937 y’Abafaransa ''Pépé le Moko'', yakuye umugambi wayo mu gitabo cya Henri La Barthe cyitwa izina rimwe. <ref name="afi">{{Cite web |title=Algiers |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/7907 |access-date=February 20, 2024 |website=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}</ref> ''Algiers'' yabaye sensation kuko aribwo bwa mbere Lamarr ya Hollywood. Iyi filime izwi cyane nk'isoko yo gutera inkunga abanditsi ba firime ya 1942 Warner Bros. ''Casablanca'', yanditse film nyuma akizirikana Lamarr n'umugore we wambere. Boyer yerekana Pepe le Moko iterwa imbaraga Warner Bros muburyo bwa animasiyo Pepé Le Pew. Mu 1966, iyi filime yasohocyeye muri Amerika kubera ko abayireze batigeze bongera kwiyandikisha ku burenganzira bwabo mu mwaka wa 28 nyuma yo kujyahanze <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pierce |first=David |date=June 2007 |title=Forgotten Faces: Why Some of Our Cinema Heritage Is Part of the Public Domain |journal=Film History: An International Journal |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=125–43 |doi=10.2979/FIL.2007.19.2.125 |issn=0892-2160 |jstor=25165419 |oclc=15122313 |s2cid=191633078}}</ref> == Umugambi == Pepe le Moko ni umujura uzwi cyane wahunze Ubufaransa akaba atuye i Casbah, cyangwa mugace ka Alijeriya imyaka ibiri. Komiseri Janvier, umupolisi w’Ubufaransa, yiyemeje gufata Pepe. Umunsi umwe nijoro, Janvier ayobora igitero kuri Casbah, aho Regis, umujura ugirira ishyari Pepe, ayobora abapolisi kuri Grandpere. Regis yagiye kwa Ines, nyirabuja wa Pepe, kugira ngo amuburire ko abapolisi bahageze. Ines ageze kwa Grandpere kuburira Pepe, ubwo yakekaga ko Regis yabibwiye abapolisi. Abapolisi bahageze, Pepe yihisha munsi muriyo nyubako kugeza igihe amasasu arangiriye. Pepe aratoroka nubwoyari yakomeretse. Mu gihe cyo kurasa, umugenzuzi Slimane, ushinzwe iperereza muri Alijeriya, azana Gaby, umukerarugendo womubufaransa, warutuye aho Pepe nawe ageze aho ku gihe Slimane ashimira Pepe, abwira Gaby ko yanditse itariki Pepe yafatiwe kurukuta rwe. Bukeye, Regis abonana n’umugenzuzi mukuru Louvain maze ategura umugambi wo gufata inshuti ya Pepe Pierrot, yizeye gufata Pepe. Regis ashyikiriza Pierrot ibaruwa, bivugwa ko yanditswe na nyina, avuga ko arwaye. Hanyuma, Gaby yagiye atekereza kuri Pepe, nubwo yasezeranye n'umukunzi we Giraux. Mugihe arimo kurya, Slimane abwira Gaby ibijyanye nogushimira Pepe imitako, amaze iminsi ategura ko azongera kubona Pepe. Hanyuma muriryojoro, Pepe amenyeshwa ko Pierrot yavuye muri Alijeriya. Pepe ageze i Casbah, abaza Regis kubyerekeye ibura ya Pierrot. Hanyuma Regis abira ibyuya Pepe yongeye guhura na Gaby i Casbah, aho bahuriraga mugihe cyabo bari mubufaransa. Nuko Gaby basezerana kuzabonana bukeye Pierrot yakomeretse arahagera, ashaka kwica Regis. Pierrot yikubita hasi agerageza kurasa Regis, hanyuma yicwa na Carlos, umwe mu nshuti za Pepe. Bukeye, umuhango wo gushyingura Pierrot ubera hanze ya Casbah, birakaza Pepe bimutera agahinda Pepe yashakaga kwujya gushyingura Pepe ashaka kujyayo ariko Ines aramubuza kuberako Gaby yari amutegereje iwe. Pepe yagiye ahwatuye, nubwo yabeshye, ashimira Ines kuba yaramubujije kwugwa mumutego. Gaby arahagera bacyirikumwe, Pepe agaragaza akababaro kuko atashoboraga narimwe guhunga Casbah. Mbereyuko Gaby agenda, bemeranya guhurira muri hoteri ye bukeye. Hanyuma Slimane abwira Giraux ko Gaby yirigeze kubona Pepe. Iyo ibyo binaniwe, Slimane abeshya Gaby, avuga ko Pepe yishwe. Mbereyuko Pepe ajya kureba Gaby muri hoteri ye yabanje kwigira kumugabo witwa L'Arbi ko Gaby na Giraux bahunga bakava muri Alijeriya bakoresheje ubwato kumugoroba nyuma ya saa sita yirengagiza ibyo Ines yariyamubwiye, Pepe ava i Casbah agura itike yo kugenda. Pepe ari mu bwato abona Gaby, afatwa na Slimane n'abashinzwe iperereza. Pepe yihutira kwerekeza ku bwato ahamagara Gaby, ariko ntiyamubona. Umwe mu bagabo ba Slimane yarashe Pepe maze Slimane atwika umubiri we, asaba imbabazi kuva uyu mugabo yizeraga ko Pepe yashakaga gutoroka. Pepe aramusubiza ati: "Nanjye rero mfite, nshuti yanjye." == Abakinnyi == [[Dosiye:Algiers_1938_(3).jpg|right|thumb|255x255px|Sigrid Gurie, Charles Boyer, na Hedy Lamarr]] * Charles Boyer nka Pepe le Moko * Sigrid Gurie nka Ines * Hedy Lamarr nka Gaby * Joseph Calleia nka Inspecteur Slimane * Alan Hale nka Grandpere * Gene Lockhart nka Regis * Walter Kingsford nk'umugenzuzi mukuru Louvain * Paul Harvey nka Komiseri Janvier * Stanley Fields nka Carlos * Johnny Hasi nka Pierrot * Charles D. Brown nka Max * Robert Greig nka Giraux * Leonid Kinskey nka L'Arbi * Joan Woodbury nka Aicha * Nina Koshetz nka Tania * Claudia Dell nka Marie * Ben Hall nka Gil * Bert Roach nka Bertier == Umusaruro == Walter Wanger, yatunganyije iyi filime, yaguze uburenganzira kuri filime y’Abafaransa ''Pepe le Moko'', yakinanye na Jean Gabin, mu rwego rwo kuyisubiramo, maze agura ibyapa byose bya filime kugira ngo birinde guhatana na filime ye muri Amerika Wanger yakoresheje imiziki myinshi yo muri filime y’Abafaransa muri remake ndetse no mu bihe byakurikiranye. <ref name="tcmart">{{Cite web |last=LoBianco |first=Lorraine |title=Algiers |url=https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/19052/algiers#articles-reviews |access-date=February 20, 2024 |website=[[Turner Classic Movies]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLoBianco">LoBianco, Lorraine. [https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/19052/algiers#articles-reviews "Algiers"]. ''[[Turner Classic Movies]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="afi">{{Cite web |title=Algiers |url=https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/7907 |access-date=February 20, 2024 |website=[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]] |publisher=[[American Film Institute]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/7907 "Algiers"]. ''[[AFI Catalog of Feature Films]]''. [[American Film Institute]]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Dosiye:Algiers_(1938).webm|right|thumbtime=5|thumb| ''MAAlijeriya'']] 3trwrkl0ni3ldvaxvc8v7td57o0z0va 0 20452 139433 138673 2026-09-23T09:44:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139433 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibihembo  == Igihembo cy'umukinnyi nya afurika witwaye neza ni igihembo gitangwa buri mwaka na Afrika Film Academy. Yatanzwe kuva igihembo cya 1 cya Afrika Movie Academy Awards ku mukinnyi watanze umusaruro udasanzwe mu nshingano zikomeye muri film. Umukinnyi witwaye neza mu bihembo byambere yatanzwe inshuro 21, kubakinnyi 21. Uwatsinze bwa mbere ni Richard Mofe-Damijo kubera uruhare yagaragaje rwe muri ''ba Mayors'' (2004). Uwatsinze vuba aha akana yarabaye [[Zolisa Xaluva]] ''[[The Queenstown Kings|kubwami bwa Queenstown]]'' (2024). yanditse kandi agira Amateka kuko yatsindiye byinshi, kuko afite na Richard Mofe-Damijo. Inyandiko zerekana kandidatire nyinshi ni ebyiri, na Damijo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAAsl |url=http://www.ama-awards.com/ |access-date=21 May 2014 |publisher=Africa Film Academy |archive-date=17 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120317183006/http://www.ama-awards.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abatsinze hamwe nabatoranijwe == {| class="wikitable sortable" ! scope="col" style="width:8%;" |Year ! scope="col" style="width:30%;" |Actor ! scope="col" style="width:30%;" |Film ! class="unsortable" scope="col" style="width:2%;" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2005<br /><br /><small>(1st) </small> | rowspan="1" style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Richard Mofe Damijo''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Mayors''' | rowspan="1" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Adeduyite |first=Okiki |date=30 October 2023 |title=FULL LIST: Africa Movie Academy Awards 2023 winners |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-africa-movie-academy-awards-2023-winners/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2006<br /><br /><small>(2nd) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Kanayo O. Kanayo''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Family Battle''' | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2006 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012171116/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2006 |archive-date=12 October 2010 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |[[Osita Iheme]]/[[Chinedu Ikedieze]] |''Secret adventure'' |- |Bil Aka |''Sofia'' |- |Nosa Ehinwen |''Anini'' |- |Modu Cessay |''Arrou'' |- |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2007<br /><br /><small>(3rd) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Olu Jacobs''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Dancing Heart''' | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2007 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012165834/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2007 |archive-date=12 October 2010 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Ganiu Nofiu |''Apesin'' |- |Kunle Abogunloko |''Covenant Church'' |- |Ayo Lijadu |'' Maroko'' |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2008<br /><br /><small>(4th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Nkem Owoh''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Stronger Than Pain''' | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2008 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101012045319/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2008 |archive-date=12 October 2010 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Van Vicker |''Return Of Beyonce''/''Princess Tyra'' |- |Kanayo O. Kanayo |''Across the Niger'' |- |OC Ukeje |''Check Point'' |- |[[Peter Badejo]] |''White Waters'' |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2009<br /><br /><small>(5th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Farouk Al-Fichawi''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Seventh Heaven''' | rowspan="5" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=AMAA Awards and Nominees 2009 |url=http://ama-awards.com/amaa-awards-and-nominees-2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405090903/http://www.ama-awards.com/amaa-nominees-and-winners-2009 |archive-date=5 April 2011 |access-date=6 November 2014 |publisher=[[Africa Movie Academy Awards]]}}</ref> |- |Godfrey Odhiamba |''[[From a Whisper]]'' |- |Mike Ezuruonye |''The Assassin'' |- |Majid Michel |''Agony of the Christ'' |- |Peter Badejo |''Arugba'' |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2010<br /><br /><small>(6th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Ramsey Nouah''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Figurine''' | rowspan="4" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 April 2010 |title=Jackie Appiah, Shirley, Pusher Others Win AMA Awards |url=https://mobile.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Jackie-Appiah-Shirley-Pusher-Others-Win-AMA-Awards-180139 |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=GhanaWeb}}</ref> |- |Lucky Ejim |''The Tenant'' |- |Majid Michel |''Sin of a Soul'' |- |Sadiq Abu |''Soul Diaspora'' |- |John Osie Tutu Agyeman |'' I Sing of a Well'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2011<br /><br /><small>(7th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Themba Ndaba''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Hopeville''' | rowspan="6" |ref |- |Patsha Bay |''Viva Riva!'' |- |Jimmy Jean-Louis |''[[Sinking Sands]]'' |- |Ekon Blankson |''Checkmate'' |- |Antar Laniyan |''Yemoja'' |- |Majid Michel |''Pool Party'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2012<br /><br /><small>(8th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Majid Michel''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Somewhere in Africa''' | rowspan="7" |ref |- |Menzi Ngubane |''How to Steal 2 Million'' |- |Chet Anekwe |''Unwanted Guest'' |- |Jafta Mamabolo |''Otelo Burning'' |- |Karabo Lance |''48'' |- |Wale Ojo |''Phone Swap'' |- |Hakeem Kae-Kazim |''Man on Ground'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2013<br /><br /><small>(9th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Justus Esiri''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Assassins Practice''' | rowspan="7" |ref |- |OC Ukeje |''Alan Poza'' |- |Bimbo Manuel |''Heroes and Zeros'' |- |Lindani Nkosi |''Zama Zama'' |- |Hlomla Dandala |''Contract'' |- |Femi Jacobs |''The Meeting'' |- |Amurin Wumnembom |''Ninah’s Dowry'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2014<br /><br /><small>(10th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Mothusi Magano''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Of Good Report''' | rowspan="6" |ref |- |Zengo Ngqobe |''Forgotten Kingdom'' |- |Kanayo O. Kanayo |''Apaye'' |- |Joseph Benjamin |''Murder at Prime Suites'' |- |Adjetey Anang |''[[Potomanto]]'' |- |Majid Michel |''Brother's Keeper'' |- |- ! rowspan="5" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2015<br /><br /><small>(11th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Sadiq Daba''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''October 1''' | rowspan="5" |ref |- |Tony Kroroge |''Cold Harbour'' |- |Sdumo Matshali |''iNumber Number'' |- |Abdoul Kareem Konate |''Run'' |- |Gerard Essomba |''Le President'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2016<br /><br /><small>(12th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Daniel K Daniel''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Soldier's Story''' | rowspan="6" |ref |- |Oris Erhuero |''[[The Cursed Ones]]'' |- |OC Ukeje |''Ayanda'' |- |Fragrass Assande |''Eye of the Storm'' |- |Maps Maponyane |''Tell Me Sweet Something'' |- |Buiferi Yakoubi |''La Pagne'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2017<br /><br /><small>(13th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Jahwar Soudani''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Last of Us''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 May 2017 |title=Nollywood Rules 2017 AMAA Nominations |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/05/15/nollywood-rules-2017-amaa-nominations/amp/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Channels Television |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502153739/https://www.channelstv.com/2017/05/15/nollywood-rules-2017-amaa-nominations/amp/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=26 June 2017 |title=Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2017-winners/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Africa Movie Academy Awards |archive-date=2 May 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250502153740/https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2017-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Sambasa Nzeribe |''Slow Country'' |- |Ibrahim Koma |''Wùlu'' |- |Richard Mofe Damijo |''Oloibiri'' |- |[[Amine Ennaji]] |''A Mile in My Shoes'' |- |David Oyelowo |''[[Queen of Katwe]]'' |- |Dann-Jacques Mouton |''Call Me Thief'' |- |Ramsey Nouah |''<nowiki/>'76'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2018<br /><br /><small>(14th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Richard Mofe Damijo''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Cross Roads''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ewodage |first=Rejoice |date=21 October 2018 |title=Nollywood Shines At 2018 Africa Movie Academy Awards [Full List Of Winners] |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2018/10/21/nollywood-shines-at-2018-africa-movie-academy-awards-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=Channels Television}}</ref> |- |Vuyo Dabula |''Five Fingers for Marseilles'' |- |Sam Dede |''In My Country'' |- |[[Sani Bouajla]] |''[[The Blessed Vost]]'' |- |OC Ukeje |''[[Potato Potahto]]'' |- |Chris Attoh |''Esohe'' |- |[[Oros Mampofu]] |''[[Lucky Specials]]'' |- |Frank Donga |''[[Hakkunde]]'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2019<br /><br /><small>[[15th Africa Movie Academy Awards|(15th)]] </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Marc Zinga''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Mercy of the Jungle''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2019 |title=#AMAA2019: See the Full List of Winners at the 2019 Africa Movie Academy Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2019/10/amaa2019-full-list-winners/ |access-date=2 May 2025 |website=[[BellaNaija]]}}</ref> |- |Gabriel Afolayan |''Gold Statue'' |- |''Joseph Otsiman'' |[[The Burial of Kojo]] |- |[[Chinedu Ikedieze]] |''Lara and the Beat'' |- |Jimmy Jean-Louis |''Rattlesnakes'' |- |Gil Alexandre |''Redemption'' |- |Ezra Mabengeza |''Sew the Winter to My Skin'' |- |Ayoub Bombwe |''[[Fatuma (film)|Fatuma]]'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2020<br /><br /><small>(16th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Jimmy Jean-Louis''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Desrances''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 September 2020 |title=AMAA 2020 Winners List |url=https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2020-winners-list/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Africa Movie Academy Awards |archive-date=25 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250425030803/https://ama-awards.com/amaa-2020-winners-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |Gabriel Afolayan |''Coming From Insanity'' |- |Kang Quintus |''The Fisherman's Diary'' |- |Bongile Mantsai |''Knuckle City'' |- |[[Alphonse Menyo]] |''Gold Coast Lounge'' |- |Enyinna Nwigwe |''Badamasi'' |- |Robert Agengo/Mwaura Bilal/Andreo Kamau/ Xavier Ywawa |''40 Sticks'' |- |Darrin Dewitt Henson |''Zulu Wedding'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2021<br /><br /><small>(17th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Omar Abdi''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Gravedigger's Wife''' | rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2021 |title=AMAA Awards 2021 winners list: Joan Agaba beat Funke Akindele, Rita Dominic to win Best Actress for dis year African Movie Academy Awards |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-59434725 |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> |- |Gary Green |''Fried Barry'' |- |Lateef Adedimeji |''Ayinla'' |- |Melvin Alusa |''Mission To Rescue'' |- |Jude Akuwudike |''Eyimofe'' |- |David Njavera |''Hairareb'' |- |Nonso Bassey |''La Femme Anjola'' |- ! rowspan="8" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2022<br /><br /><small>(18th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Eugene Boateng''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Borga''' | rowspan="8" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=31 October 2022 |title=AMAA 2022: Full list of winners |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/10/amaa-2022-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Vanguard News}}</ref> |- |Patrick Nkakalukanyi |''Tembele'' |- |[[Daniel Etim Effiong]] |''Jolly Roger'' |- |Gudrun Colombus Mwanyika |''Tug of War'' |- |Botlhale Mahlangu |''Surviving Gaza'' |- |Deyemi Okanlawon |''Swallow'' |- |Akah Nnani |''Man of God'' |- |Aaron Adatsi |''Road to My Father's Compound'' |- ! rowspan="6" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2023<br /><br /><small>(19th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Tobi Bakre''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Brotherhood''' | rowspan="6" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Olufemi |first=Damilola |date=21 September 2023 |title=FULL LIST: Brotherhood, Anikulapo, Gangs of Lagos get AMA Awards nominations |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-brotherhood-anikulapo-gangs-of-lagos-get-amma-awards-nominations/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> |- |Richard Mofe-Damijo |''4-4-44'' |- |Marc Zinga |''Omen'' |- |Fernando Kamugisha |''The Fallen Advocate'' |- |Justin Mirichii |''Shimoni'' |- |Mike Danon |''Sira'' |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" style="text-align:center" |2024<br /><br /><small>(20th) </small> | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''Zolisa Xaluva''' | style="background:#FAEB86;" |'''The Queenstown Kings''' | rowspan="7" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Oyediran |first=Tosin |date=3 October 2024 |title=FULL LIST: The Weekend, Jagun Jagun top 2024 AMAA nominations |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-the-weekend-jagun-jagun-top-2024-amaa-nominations/ |access-date=15 March 2025 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> |- |Gabriel Afolayan |''This Is Lagos'' |- |Duncan Murunyu Mungai |''Boda Love'' |- |Nenesenor Abloso |''Letters to Goddo'' |- |Bucci Franklin |''The Weekend'' |- |Femi Jacobs |''Anjola'' |- |Chidi Mokeme |''Out of Breath'' |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} lbqk9a03qwq2220t7ibrb9gtgps6wxa 0 20455 139452 138050 2026-09-23T09:46:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139452 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Iyore''''' (Icyongereza: The Return''''': A Life after Life''''' <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2014 |title=Is there a Life after Life? Rita Dominic, Joseph Benjamin, Bukky Wright, headline Frank Rajah's Epic "Iyore" |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2014/07/20/is-there-a-life-after-life-rita-dominic-joseph-benjamin-bukky-wright-headline-frank-rajahs-epic-iyore/ |access-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=bellanaija.com}}</ref> ) ni film yikinamico yo muri Nigeriya 2014 yashyizwe mubwami bwa Bénin, iyobowe na Frank Rajah Arase. Irimo Rita Dominic, Joseph Benjamin, Okawa Shaznay, Paul Obazele, Bukky Wright na Yemi Blaq. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rita Dominic, Bukky Wright, Joseph Benjamin Star in New Movie 'IYORE' [TRAILER] |url=http://www.fuse.com.ng/2014/08/01/rita-dominic-bukky-wright-joseph-benjamin-star-new-movie-iyore-trailer/ |access-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=fuse.com.ng |archive-date=5 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201105164131/https://buzznigeria.com/fuse/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rita Dominic, Joseph Benjamin, Okawa Shaznay in Epic Movie "Iyore" |url=http://9jadiaspora.net/content/rita-dominic-joseph-benjamin-okawa-shaznay-epic-movie-iyore |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819121718/http://9jadiaspora.net/content/rita-dominic-joseph-benjamin-okawa-shaznay-epic-movie-iyore |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=9jadiaspora.net}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=30 days in Atlanta, Apaye, lead 2014 GIAMA nominations |url=http://momo.com.ng/news/30-days-in-atlanta-apaye-lead-2014-giama-nominations/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903094124/http://momo.com.ng/news/30-days-in-atlanta-apaye-lead-2014-giama-nominations/ |archive-date=3 September 2014 |access-date=28 August 2014 |publisher=momo.com.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Iyore: Frank Rajah's Movie About His Native Land |url=http://nollywoodmindspace.com/2014/07/20/iyore-frank-rajahs-movie-about-his-native-land/ |access-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=nollywoodmindspace.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rita Dominic Kicking it Old School in the New Movie 'IYORE' |url=http://blog.irokotv.com/2014/07/rita-dominic-kicking-it-old-school-in.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083419/http://blog.irokotv.com/2014/07/rita-dominic-kicking-it-old-school-in.html |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=irokotv.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Movie Trailer: Iyore Starring Rita Dominic, Joseph Benjamin, Okawa Shaznay, Paul Obazele, Yemi Blaq, Bukky Wright |url=http://naijamayor.com/movie-trailer-iyore-starring-rita-dominic-joseph-benjamin-okawa-shaznay-paul-obazele-yemi-blaq-bukky-wright/ |access-date=16 August 2014}}</ref>​ == Abakinnyi == * Rita Dominic nka Osarugwe * Joseph Benjamin nk'igikomangoma Azuwa * Okawa Shaznay nkumuganwakazi Ajoke / Amenze / Onaiwu * Yemi Blaq nka Ovie * Paul Obazele nka Oba Izuwe * Bukky Wright nk'umwamikazi Tonyin Adekoya * Okpoya Bisping nk'igikomangoma Uyi * Tina Chelsea nka Itohan * Calista Nwajide nkumupadiri * Paul Stevens Enofe nka Iyobo * Desmond Walter-Oriakhi nka Edosa * Ikuvbogie Imbaraga z'Imana nka Izuwa Jr. * Sandra Airhuoyuwa nka Osagwe Jr. * James Coke nka Oden * Andrew Otamere nk'umuyobozi * Stella Idika nka Edugie == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} pcgbf1jmqdyb9cwbwp7wpu870564497 0 20465 139371 128492 2026-09-23T09:09:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139371 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''<nowiki/>'76Film''''', yahoze yitwa '''''Intare yo muri 76''''', ni filimi y'iserukiramuco filime yi iserukiramuco yo mu gihugu cya Nigeriya yakinwe muri 2016 iyobowe na Izu Ojukwu ikorwa na Adonaijah Owiriwa na Izu Ojukwu. Irimo Ramsey Nouah, Chidi Mokeme, Rita Dominic na Ibinabo Fiberesima. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2012 |title=An Epic Tale of Soldiers & the Officers' Wives! Ramsey Nouah, Rita Dominic, Ibinabo Fiberisima, Chidi Mokeme star in Izu Ojukwu's New Movie, '76 |url=http://www.bellanaija.com/2012/11/22/an-epic-tale-of-soldiers-the-officers-wives-ramsey-nouah-rita-dominic-ibinabo-fiberisima-chidi-mokeme-star-in-izu-ojukwus-new-movie-76/ |access-date=23 April 2014 |website=Bella Naija}}</ref> yatekerejwe imyaka itandatu nyuma yintambara yabenegihugu, ivuga inkuru y'umusirikare mukuru ukomoka mu mukandara wo hagati aza gukundana numunyeshuri wo mu kiciko cy'ambere cy'amashuri yisumbuye ukomoka mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba, ariko umubano wabo uhungabanywa no koherezwa buri gihe kuri misiyo nigisirikare. Uyu musirikare aza gushinjwa kuba yaragize uruhare mu guhirika ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare butatsinzwe mu 1976, no kwica Jenerali Murtala Mohammed. Iyi nkuru ivuga na none k’umugore utwite cyane wishora mu bibazo by’amarangamutima. == Abakinnyi == * Ramsey Nouah nka Kapiteni Joseph Dewa * Chidi Mokeme nka Major Gomos * Rita Dominic nka Suzie * Ibinabo Fiberesima nka Angelina * Daniel K. Daniel nka CPL Obi * Memry Savanhu nka Eunice * Adonijah Owiriwa nka Kapiteni VM Jaiye * Pat Nebo nka Coloneli Aliu * Nelly Ekwereogo nka Ikenna * Shuaibu Ebenesi Adams nka Liyetona Jubril * Debo Oguns nka Noel == Insanganyamatsiko == Izu Ojukwu yavuze ko "ari inkuru yavuzwe mu buryo bubiri - duhereye ku gukunda igihugu cy'umusirikare ndetse no ku bagore ba ofisiye." Ojukwu yasobanuye neza ko iyi filime yubashye imbaraga z'abagore b'abasirikare: "Njye uko mbibona, abagore ni abasirikare nyabo .... Ni bo bababazwa n'icyemezo icyo ari cyo cyose abagabo babo bafata - haba ku rugamba cyangwa mu biro byabo." <ref name="Retrospective">{{Cite web |date=23 November 2012 |title=Lions of '76 – New Nollywood Movie By Izu Ojukwu |url=http://retrospectiveonline.com/uncategorized/lions-of-76-new-nollywood-film/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140616121220/http://retrospectiveonline.com/uncategorized/lions-of-76-new-nollywood-film/ |archive-date=16 June 2014 |access-date=5 March 2014 |publisher=Retrospective}}</ref> Ibibazo bigaragara muri filime birimo ibihuha by’uruhare rw’amahanga mu guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Murtala Muhammed. Ojukwu yagize ati: "Ntushobora kubahunga .... Ugomba guhangana n'ibihuha byose - nubwo tudashobora kuvuga, mu byukuri, uko byagenze <ref name="autogenerated1">{{Cite web |last=Tunde |date=12 July 2012 |title=Izu Ojukwu's Lion of 76, An Arduous journey to Celluloid |url=http://liveofofo.com/14274/izu-ojukwus-lion-of-76-an-arduous-journey-to-celluloid/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819083957/http://liveofofo.com/14274/izu-ojukwus-lion-of-76-an-arduous-journey-to-celluloid/ |archive-date=19 August 2014 |access-date=16 September 2014 |publisher=LiveOfofo}}</ref> ''<nowiki/>''' yashyizweho nyuma y’imyaka itandatu nyuma y’intambara yo muri Nijeriya, kandi nk'uko umuyobozi abivuga, iki cyari igihe abaturage ba Nijeriya batangiye gukina ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose kandi bakabona ko ari abavandimwe na bashiki bacu. <ref name="autogenerated1" /> == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Inyandiko zo Kuvugurura]] __NOINDEX__ 5u1uv27lyh28vg4kebxcf5nh6i3wouj 0 20478 139519 138061 2026-09-23T10:03:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139519 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Shooting Dogs''''', ni filimi yasohokeye muri Amerika nka Beyond the Gates, ni filime yasohotse mu 2005, iyobowe na Michael Caton-Jones ikinwamo na John Hurt, Hugh Dancy na Clare-Hope Ashitey. Ishingiye ku byabaye. kuri producer w’amakuru wa BBC, David Belton, wakoraga mu Rwanda mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]]. Belton ni umwe mu banditsi ba filime akaba n'umwe mu bayikora. Imikorere ya firime nq École Technique Officielle (ETO) i [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]], mu 1994, mu gihe cya jenoside yo mu Rwanda. Hurt akina umupadiri gatolika (ushingiye kuri Vjekoslav Ćurić ) na Dancy umwarimu w’umwongereza, bombi b’abanyaburayi, bafatiwe mu byabaye muri jenoside. Bitandukanye na ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', yafatiwe amashusho muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] ikoresheje abakinnyi ba Afrika yepfo, iyi firime yafatiwe ahahoze amashusho yerekana. Nanone, abantu bamwe na bamwe bakoreshejwe muri filimi ya Shooting Dogs barokotse ubwo bwicanyi bakoreshwaga mu rwego rwo kubyaza umusaruro no mu nshingano zoroheje. Umutwe w'iyi filime werekeye ku bikorwa by'abasirikare [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|ba Loni]] ubwo bajyaga barasa imbwa zizerera zashize imirambo y'abapfuye. Kubera ko abasirikari ba Loni batemerewe kurasa intagondwa z’Abahutu zateje impfu mbere na mbere, kurasa imbwa ni ikimenyetso cy’ubusazi bwibintu filime igerageza gufata. == Umugambi == Joe Connor ni umwarimu muri École Technique Officielle hanze ya [[Kigali]], yari hagarariye Padiri Christopher. Iri shuri kandi ryari ririnzwe na abasirikare b’Ababiligi bayobowe na Kapiteni Delon, mu rwego rwa manda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro. Joe yegereye umukobwa, Marie, Christopher amubwirako amufitiye ibyiyumviro. Mu ntangiriro za Mata 1994, bareba ibintu byinshi bitera Christopher impungenge, harimo urutonde rwakozwe mu miryango y'Abatutsi, amakuru avuga ko agatsiko k'Abahutu bateye Abatutsi ahandi mu gihugu, ndetse n'inyungu ziteye inkeke zagaragajwe na guverinoma ya Christopher mu mubare w'ingabo za Loni ku ishuri. Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 6 Mata 1994, nibwo humvikanye ibisasu bya kure n'amasasu, Delon yumva ko indege ya [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Perezida]] bayihanuye yarashwe. Akangurira abantu be kurinda impande zose z'ikigo bari bacumbitsemo, ahihindura ikigo cya gisirikare. ubwo Impunzi zari zije zageze ku marembo, Christopher, kubera Delon yanze, ashimangira ko barekuwe. Bukeye bwaho, Joe atwara imodoka kugirango azane Marie kugira ngo amuzane, ariko inzu iratereranwa uretse imbwa. Agaruka ku ishuri asanga yageze mu muryango w’inyuma, kubera ko ubu umuryango w’imbere urinzwe n’agatsiko k’Abahutu. Impunzi zitegura ziyobowe na Roland, se wa Marie. Impunzi zitari nke z’i Burayi nazo zirahagera, kandi, Christopher yababajwe, Delon ategura ko bahabwa icumbi ryiza. Christopher akomeje imirimo yitorero nkuko bisanzwe, naho Joe agerageza gufasha impunzi. Mu gihe agatsiko gakikije ishuri, Joe atekereza ko byafasha impunzi mu gihe ibibazo byabo biri kuri televiziyo kandi agasaba ubufasha bwa Delon bwo kuzana umunyamakuru wa BBC Rachel akamuzana mu kigo. Delon yabanje gukorana, ariko ahita ahindura ibitekerezo maze yanga kumva ko abasirikari b'Ababiligi barinze Minisitiri w’intebe [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana|Uwilingiyimana]] bishwe. Joe yahisemo kugenda uko byagenda kose maze ashaka inshuti ye François, umuhutu, kumuherekeza aho, ariko François ntabwo ari murugo. Joe asanze Rachel numufotora we abemeza kuza mwishuri ababwira ko hari abanyaburayi. Mugihe basubiye mwishuri bahagarikwa kuri bariyeri hanyuma bakururwa mumodoka yabo bitwaje imbunda. Mugihe Rachel agerageza kumvikana kugirango basohoke, Joe yababajwe no kubona umugabo wumututsi akururwa akamwica akoresheje umuhoro. Yongeye guterwa ubwoba no kubona ko François ari kumwe n'agatsiko, bafashe umuhoro w'amaraso. François arategura Joe nitsinda rya BBC kurekurwa. Abanyamakuru basa nkaho batishimiye ibyabaye kurusha Joe, nyuma yaje kubiganiraho na Rachel, umunyamakuru w'inararibonye ufite uburambe ku bintu nk'ibyo muri Bosiniya. Mu kiganiro na Delon, Rachel amubaze impamvu ingabo ze zitagize uruhare mu guhagarika ubwo bwicanyi no kubaza manda ya Loni. Delon asoza ikiganiro amubwira ko yasabye ko yahindura manda ye imwemerera kugira icyo akora, ariko nta ntsinzi. Christopher yibarutse umwana wa Edda, umwe mu mpunzi, amwita umwana. Nyuma Christopher yavuye mu ishuri gushaka imiti y’umwana no gusura ikigo cy’abihaye Imana cyari hafi aho, yumvise ko cyatewe. Kuri farumasi, atanga ruswa kugirango abone imiti kandi arakaye abeshya ko umwana ari Umuhutu. Ageze mu kigo cy'ababikira, asanga ababikira bose barishwe. Hanze, imbogamizi z'ishuri yatije nk'ubutoni zirimo gukoreshwa mu rwego rwa bariyeri, ikintu guverinoma ye yavuganye yishimye. Christopher agarutse ku ishuri, Delon amubwira ko bazatangira kurasa imbwa zishakisha imirambo hafi. Christopher abajije asebanya niba imbwa zarashe ku ngabo za Loni, bitewe na manda zabo nke. Ingabo z’Abafaransa zageze mu kigo ariko zitangaza ko zihari gusa zo gutwara impunzi z’Abafaransa. Nyuma y’uburakari bukaze bwa Delon, bemeye gufata Abanyaburayi bose. Joe agerageza kumvikana na Marie gufata umwanya we ku makamyo ariko aranga. Rachel aragenda ajyana nabafaransa, abwira Joe ko nawe agomba kugenda. Itsinda ry’impunzi, harimo na Edda, bagerageza gutoroka inyuma y’ishuri ariko bagabwaho igitero n’agatsiko. Abenshi muribo bariciwe, ariko bake basubira mumutekano wikigo. Edda yabanje kubyirinda yihisha, ariko umwana we atangira kurira, aburira abicanyi imbere ye. Joe akireba, we n'umwana we baratewe urupfu. Delon yaje guhabwa amabwiriza yo kuva kuricyo kigo cyamashuri. Mu gihe Ababiligi barimo kwitegura kugenda, Roland yinginze Delon kurasa izo mpunzi, kugira ngo yirinde ubwicanyi bakoresheje umuhoro, ariko Delon aranga. Joe yahisemo ko atagishoboye kubyihanganira agenda na Delon. Yahuye na Marie ubwo yurira ikamyo kandi ntacyo ashobora kuvuga uretse "Mbabarira". Christopher yahisemo kuguma inyuma, mbere yo kumenya ko ashobora kwinjiza abana inyuma yikamyo yishuri. Afata itsinda rito ry'abana, barimo Marie, agambiriye kugaruka kuri byinshi, ariko akimara kuva ku ishuri, agatsiko kateye kandi kica impunzi zisigaye. Ubwo Christopher yahagarikwaga kuri bariyeri, iyobowe n'inshuti ye Julius. Nubwo Christopher yagerageje kuvuga inzira ye no kwiyambaza umubano wabo, Julius yanga kumugaragaro. Igihe Christopher yanze gufatanya, Julius aramurasa. Marie, yitegereza ibiganiro byabo atinya ko ikamyo izashakishwa, hagati aho abasha kunyerera atabizi hamwe nabana. Christopher abona Marie yahunze mbere yo gupfa. Amashusho ya Marie yiruka ari gushaka amashusho yabajijwe hejuru y’uko Loni idashaka kuvuga ibyabereye mu Rwanda "itsembabwoko". Muri epilogue ngufi, Marie akurikirana Joe, ubu akaba ari umwarimu ku ishuri rya kera rya Christopher, maze baganira muri make ibyababayeho. Iyi filime isozwa namakuru ajyanye na jenoside yabereye mu Rwanda n’ubwicanyi bukomeye bwabereye mu kigo cyo muri ETO by'umwihariko, hamwe n'ibisobanuro birambuye ku byabaye ku giti cya bamwe mu bakozi ba filime mu gihe cya jenoside. == Abakinnyi (bashimwe) == * John Hurt nka Padiri Christopher * Hugh Dancy nka Joe Connor * Dominique Horwitz nka Capitaine Charles Delon * Louis Mahoney nka Sibomana * Nicola Walker nka Rasheli * Steve Toussaint nka Roland * David Gyasi nka François * [[Susan Nalwoga]] nka Edda * [[Victor Power (actor)|Imbaraga za Victor]] nka Julius * Jack Pierce nka Mark * [[Musa Kasonka Jr.]] nka Boniface * [[Kizito Ssentamu Kayiira]] nka Pierre * Clare-Byiringiro Ashitey nka Marie == Abakozi == * Umuyobozi &#x2013; Michael Caton-Jones * Abanditsi &#x2013; David Wolstencroft (ikinamico), [[Richard Alwyn]] (inkuru), David Belton (inkuru) * Umuziki wumwimerere &#x2013; Dario Marianelli * Sinema &#x2013; Ivan Strasburg * Guhindura &#x2013; [[Christian Lonk]] * Abakinnyi &#x2013; [[Anja Dihrberg]], [[Karen Lindsay-Stewart]] * Igishushanyo mbonera &#x2013; [[Bertram Strauß]] * Icyerekezo cyubuhanzi &#x2013; [[Astrid Sieben]] * Shiraho Imitako &#x2013; [[Dagmar Wessel]] * Igishushanyo mbonera &#x2013; [[Dinah Collin]] == Igisubizo gikomeye == Urubuga rusubirwamo rw'urubuga Rotten Tomatoes ruvuga ko rwemejwe rwa 84% rushingiye ku bisubizo 63, impuzandengo ya 7.2 / 10. Ubwumvikane buke bw'uru rubuga bugira buti: "Biragoye, abantu bavugwa hamwe no kurasa aho biha ''Hanze ya Gatesi'' impagarara kandi byihutirwa." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beyond the Gates (2005) |url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/beyond_the_gates/ |access-date=March 24, 2018 |publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] ([[Fandango Media|Fandango]])}}</ref> Mu kinyamakuru ''The Guardian,'' Rob Mackey yaranditse ati: "Niba utari uzi inkuru, ushobora kwitega ko iyi filime izatera imbere mu mateka mato mato ashingiye ku muco… ''Shooting Dogs'' ifite ahantu nyaburanga: ishuri rya Kigali aho inzozi mbi yakinaga." Muri ''New Statesman,'' Victoria Segal yaranditse ati: " ''Shooting dogs ni filimi yafatiwe amashusho'' i Kigali kandi geografiya igira uruhare runini mu gutera ubwoba bukabije: imihanda idasanzwe y’ubutayu, imibiri iri mu gihingwa, ubushuhe n’umukungugu. Yuzuyemo ibihe bibi by’ibibi…" == Ibihembo == insinzi yambere Iserukiramuco rya Filime ya Heartland 2006 Igihembo gikomeye kubintu bidasanzwe == Reba kandi == * ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', filime yo mu 2004 ivuga kuri jenoside yibanda kuri [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]], ahantu hagaragara kandi ''[[Sometimes in April|rimwe na rimwe muri Mata]]''. * ''Shake Hands hamwe na Sekibi'', filime yo mu 2007 ishingiye ku gitabo cy'izina rimwe ivuga urugendo rutari rworoshye rukomeye rwa Jenerali Dallaire mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo mu 1994 ndetse n'uko Umuryango w'Abibumbye wananiwe kumvira icyifuzo cya Dallaire cyihutirwa gisaba ubufasha bwo guhagarika ubwo bwicanyi. * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ku7oosqkkzkj45f44n8nc03dd7bkc9t 0 20498 139453 124433 2026-09-23T09:46:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139453 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Afurika: Urugendo rwo Kuvumbura''' rwabaye urukurikirane rw'amateka y'Afurika hamwe na Basil Davidson. Yakozwe kubufatanye bwa Channel 4, Ikigo cya Televiziyo cya Nijeriya na [[RM Arts]] mu 1984 cyarikigizwe n'ibice umunani mubice bine. Iyi filime yahawigihembo cya Zahabu mu [[International Film and Television Festival of New York|iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime na Televiziyo]] mu 1984. Igice cyose gifite isaha imwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Basil Davidson: Populariser of African history {{!}} Pambazuka News |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/governance/basil-davidson-populariser-african-history |access-date=2018-03-12 |website=www.pambazuka.org |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Africa [videorecording] : a voyage of discovery / written and presented by Basil Davidson; a Mitchell Beazley Television, RM Arts, Channel Four co-production, in association with the Nigerian Television Authority {{!}} Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution |url=http://collections.si.edu/search/record/siris_sil_800244 |access-date=2018-03-12 |website=collections.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> * Bitandukanye ariko Bingana * Kumenya Umugabane * Caravans Zahabu * Umwami n'Umujyi * Bibiliya n'imbunda * Cake nziza cyane yo muri Afrika * Kwiyongera kw'igihugu * Umurage ek05lokgrg1ikgx2ws8pxkxmjkj2ncu 0 20514 139225 124452 2026-09-23T07:24:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139225 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''After 30''''' ni firime ikozwe muburyo bwa ikinamico yo muri Nigeriya ikaba yarasohotse mu 2025 iyobowe na Momo Spaine ikorwa na Ronke Ayeni kuri Studiyo ya Nemsia. Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo abakinnyi nka Damilola Adegbite, Beverly Naya, Meg Otanwa, na Anee Icha mu bakinnyi bakomeye, hamwe na OC Ukeje na Patrick Doyle. Yasohotse ku isi yose binyuze kuri Video ya Amazone Prime ku ya 9 Gicurasi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Telegraph |first=New |date=2025-05-03 |title=Nemsia Studios Unveils After 30, The Powerful Sequel To Before 30 Series |url=https://newtelegraphng.com/nemsia-studios-unveils-after-30-the-powerful-sequel-to-before-30-series/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=New Telegraph |language=en-US}}</ref> Iyi filime inyura kuri televiziyo yo muri Nijeriya ikaba yarasohotse mu mwaka wa 2015 ''Mbere ya 30'', ihitana ubuzima bw'abagore bane bahuje imyaka mirongo itatu, ubu ikaba irimo gukemura ibibazo bishya nk'uburumbuke, ubutane, umunaniro ukabije, ndetse no gukura kwawe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Amos |date=2025-05-07 |title=Nemsia Studios unveils trailer for After 30, sequel to Before 30 |url=https://guardian.ng/news/nemsia-studios-unveils-trailer-for-after-30-sequel-to-before-30/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=B |first=Somi |date=2025-04-30 |title=After 30: See The Trailer For the New Before 30 Sequel - |url=https://nollycritic.com/after-30-see-the-trailer-for-the-new-before-30-sequel/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwafor |date=2025-05-09 |title=The Wait is Over: "After 30" brings back the women we grew up with in "Before 30" |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2025/05/the-wait-is-over-after-30-brings-back-the-women-we-grew-up-with-in-before-30/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Umugambi == ''After 30 iyi filimi'' ikomeje urugendo rw'abagore bane bafite imbaraga - Temi, Nkem, Aisha, na Ama - ubu bafite imyaka mirongo itatu kandi batuye i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. Ntabwo bigisobanurwa nubwoko bwo gushyingirwa, bahura nicyiciro gishya cyubuzima cyuzuyemo ibintu bigoye: umubano utoroshye, imyuga ihindagurika, igitutu cyabaturage hafi yuburumbuke, no gushakisha ibyasohozwa. Binyuze mu ndimi za Temi, urukundo rutagira ibyiringiro ruhura nakazi ndetse, guhindura umwuga yakoraga, film irasobanura insanganyamatsiko yo kwisubiraho kugiti cyawe, gukira amarangamutima, hamwe nibisobanuro bigenda bihinduka byibyishimo, intsinzi, nubugore. Mugihe buri mutegarugori ahanganye numutekano muke no guhindura ibyifuzo, After ''30'' filimi ibaye inkuru yerekana imyaka-y-imyaka yerekana uko bigenda iyo igihe cyagenwe n'ibiteganijwe guhinduka. == Abakinnyi == === Abakinnyi Bakuru === * Damilola Adegbite nka Temi * Beverly Naya nka Nkem * Meg Otanwa nka Aisha * Anee Icha nka Ama === Gushyigikira Abakinnyi === * OC Ukeje * Patrick Doyle * Tunbosun Aiyedehin * Tina Mba * Samweli Asaah * Atlanta Johnson * Celestina Aleobua * Fadekemi Olumide * Isaac Olayiwola (Layi Wasabi) == uburyo yakozwe == ''After 30'' Filimi yakozwe na Nemsia Studios, uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa muri Nigeriya. Iyi studio nayo iri inyuma yicyubahiro nka ''Umwuka wubuzima'', ''Mbere ya 30'', hamwe ''nImana Ihamagara''. Iyi filime yerekana Momo Spaine yerekanwe bwa mbere mu buyobozi, nyuma yo gukora nka producer kuri ''Banana Island Ghost'' (2017) na ''The Wait'' (2021). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abulude |first=Samuel |date=2025-05-11 |title=Nemsia Studios Unveils New Movie 'After 30' |url=https://leadership.ng/nemsia-studios-unveils-new-movie-after-30/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Uburyo yasohotse nu uburyo yakiriwe == Iyi filime yerekanwe kuri Video ya Amazone Prime ku ya 9 Gicurasi 2025, ikaba yaragize agahigo ko gucuruzwa cyane, itangira ku mwanya wa mbere muri Nijeriya mu masaha 24 isohotse. Yagumanye imyanya icumi yambere kumurongo wicyumweru cyose. Abari bateraniye aho bashimye byimazeyo amarangamutima menshi, imiterere ikomeza kuva ''mbere ya 30'', hamwe no kwerekana ukuri kw’umugore wo muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Eze |first=Chinalurumogu |date=2025-05-01 |title='After 30' Sets May 9 Release Date On Prime Video |url=https://westafricaweekly.com/after-30-sets-may-9-release-date-on-prime-video/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=West Africa Weekly |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-12 |title=After 30 Hits No. 1 on Prime Video Nigeria, Receives Warm Reception from Fans |url=https://newswings.com.ng/after-30-hits-no-1-on-prime-video-nigeria-receives-warm-reception-from-fans/ |access-date=2025-07-25 |website=News Wings |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Isano na After ''30'' == ''After 30'' ni filimi yakomeje kunyura ku ma televiziyo yo muri Nijeriya ''After30'', rwerekanwe mu 2015. Urukurikirane rw'umwimerere rwakurikiranye abakobwa bane b'abakobwa i Lagos ubwo begereye amateka y’imibereho y'abashakanye mbere y’imyaka 30. ''Nyuma yo gusubiramo 30'' bafite imico imwe nyuma yimyaka, basuzuma ubwihindurize mu mibereho yabo nyuma y’imyaka yabo, bafite ibibazo bishya by’umuntu, bifitanye isano, ndetse n’abaturage. == Reba == rv61useqphmgz9zsw6x68g4ggyqfjtu 0 20544 139513 136842 2026-09-23T10:00:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139513 wikitext text/x-wiki '''A Date at the Tower''' <ref>{{Cite book |last=Ginsberg |first=Terri |date=2020 |title=Historical Dictionary of Middle Eastern Cinema |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xhzzDwAAQBAJ&dq=meeting+at+the+tower+1962+film&pg=PA533 |last2=Lippard |first2=Chris |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |isbn=978-1-5381-3905-9 |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Armes |first=Roy |date=2008 |title=Dictionary of African Filmmakers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=88sTRTl6yKwC&dq=rendezvous+at+the+tower+1962+film&pg=PA135 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-35116-6 |language=en}}</ref> Ni filime yo mu Misiri yo mu mwaka 1962 yanditswe ina yoborwa na Ezz El-Dine Zulficar. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembering Ezz Eldin Zulfikar: The romantic film pioneer - Film - Arts & Culture |url=https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/355526/Arts--Culture/Film/Remembering-Ezz-Eldin-Zulfikar-The-romantic-film-p.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210305173735/http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/5/32/355526/Arts--Culture/Film/Remembering-Ezz-Eldin-Zulfikar-The-romantic-film-p.aspx |archive-date=2021-03-05 |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=Ahram Online}}</ref> Zulfikar, Soad Hosny na Fouad el-Mohandes. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 November 2017 |title=10 times Salah Zulfakar pioneered best scenes in Egyptian cinema |url=https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/32356/10-times-Salah-Zulfakar-pioneered-best-scenes-in-Egyptian-cinema |access-date=2021-12-05 |website=EgyptToday}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Brière |first=Jean-François |date=1 January 2008 |title=Dictionnaire des cinéastes africains de long métrage |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qMIjQwhuOhwC&dq=rendez+vous+dans+la+tour+1962&pg=PA128 |publisher=KARTHALA Editions |isbn=978-2-8111-4250-6 |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rendez-vous dans la tour |url=https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/873?lang=fr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211205221204/https://www.sis.gov.eg/Story/873?lang=fr |archive-date=2021-12-05}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=قاسم |first=محمود |date=1 May 2018 |title=المدينة والفيلم |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=At9aDwAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC&pg=PA1916 |publisher=وكاله الصحافة العربيه |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=قاسم |first=أ محمود |date=1999 |title=دليل الممثل العربي في سينما القرن العشرين |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-iTmDAAAQBAJ&dq=%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AC&pg=PA1897 |publisher=مجموعة النيل العربية |isbn=978-977-5919-02-1 |language=ar}}</ref> Firime yasohotse kuri 12 Ukuboza 1962 mu Misiri na Sosiyete y'Abarabu ishinzwe Sinema. == Inyandiko == Adel na Amaal bahuriye mu gihe bari bavuye mu bwato. Urukundo rubahuza, basezerana ku rushinga nyuma y'amezi atandatu kandi ko bazasohokera ku munara w'i Kayiro. Bapanga gufata amafaranga y'umukunzi wa Amaal Adel yahisemo gushaka akazi gafatika. Akora, akazi gasanzwe muri hoteri aba umuyobozi wungirije. Muri icyo gihe, Amaal asiga umukunzi we. Abura ku mirimo ye yo kwakira abashyitsi kubera ibyaha musaza we Alaa yakoze. Amezi atandatu arangiye. Abapolisi bateye inzu ya Alaa, yicwa amaherezo. Adel na Amaal bahurira ku Munara w Cairo ku gihe. == Abakozi == * Umuyobozi: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar * Umwanditsi: Ezz El-Dine Zulficar, Mohamed Abu Youssef * Producer: Salah Zulfikar * Sinema: Masood Issa * Sitidiyo itunganya: Isosiyete ya Filime ya Salah Zulfikar * Sosiyete i kwirakwiza: Sosiyete y'Abarabu ya Sinema == Abakinnyi == * Salah Zulfikar nka Adel Refaat * Soad Hosny nka Amaal * Fouad el-Mohandes nka Hassan * Soraya Helmy nkumugenzi wubwato * Zain El-Ashmawy nka Alaa * Samia Rushdi nka Khadija Hanim * Helmy Halim nka Mamdouh * Mahmoud Farag nka Madbouly El-Eter * Eileen Gaber nka Moushira Hanim * Edmond Toima * Ahmad Shawqi * Zainab Sedky * Zaki Ibrahim * Salah Al-Masry * Hassan Atleh * Ahmed Shokry == Reba kandi == * Salah Zulfikar * Soad Hosny * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Egiputa zo muri za 1960 == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * A Date at the Tower at IMDb * [https://elcinema.com/en/work/1116738/ Meeting at the Tower on elCinema] pxu5tvbnt9i9u1xlpj47mhriso8eqhd 0 20546 139502 124495 2026-09-23T09:59:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Iserukiramuco rya Filime Pan African''' ( '''PAFF''' ) nisosiyete idaharanira inyungu i Los Angeles, muri Californiya, mur'Amerika, ivugako integoyayo arugutezimbere "imyumvire y’umuco hagati y’abantu bakomoka mur'Afurika" binyuze mu kwerekana ubuhanzi na firime. Itegura iserukiramuco rya firime nibirori byubuhanzi i Los Angeles muri Gashyantare buri mwaka. Ikinyamakuru ''Los Angeles Times'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=https://www.paff.org/about/ |access-date=January 24, 2014 |publisher=Pan African Film Festival}}</ref> cyise iserukiramuco rya filime "iserukiramuco rya firime ninicyane" muri Amerika. <ref name="king">{{Cite news |last=King |first=Susan |date=February 6, 2013 |title=The world comes calling at the Pan African Film & Arts Festival |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-et-cm-pan-african-20130207-story.html |access-date=January 24, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Iriserukiramuco ryashinzwe mu 1992 n’abakinnyi Danny Glover, Ja'net Dubois, n’umuyobozi mukuru Ayuko Babu. <ref>{{Cite news |last=King |first=Susan |date=February 16, 2011 |title=The 19th Pan African Film Festival features eclectic lineup |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-xpm-2011-feb-16-la-et-pan-african-fest-20110216-story.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 24, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Babu ntasano yarafitanye na Hollywood yakoraga nk'umujyanama mu by'imari mbere yuko agira uruhare mu gushaka iserukiramuco rya firime. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Epstein |first=Robert |date=14 Oct 1992 |title=Multicultural Curtain Call Films: Ayuko Babu hopes the Pan African Festival will help rebuild hope in riot-scarred L.A.: [Home Edition] |url=https://login.proxy180.nclive.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/news/docview/281861108/39E4A5F801144343PQ/2?accountid=14604&sourcetype=Newspapers |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=login.proxy180.nclive.org}}</ref> Glover n'umukinnyi wa filime Whoopi Goldberg bafatanije gutegura ibirori mu 1992. <ref name="marx">{{Cite journal |last=Marx |first=Andy |date=October 15, 1992 |title=Pan African Film Fest kicks off tonight at Laemmle |url=https://variety.com/1992/film/news/pan-african-film-fest-kicks-off-tonight-at-laemmle-101162/ |journal=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |access-date=January 24, 2014}}</ref> Imwemuntego nyamukuru kwarukugaragariza abandamafilime yomuri Afrika kuko amafilime menshi aterekanwaga kandi atamenyekanye. Babu agira ati: "Ibirori byerekana, wenda bibiri muri byo. Banza, gerageza imwe muri Hollywood. Ibyo bizashimisha imbaga y'amafirime kandi bizashimisha inyungu mpuzamahanga. Noneho, gerageza Washington yakwegera umuryango wa politiki." <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Epstein |first=Robert |date=14 Oct 1992 |title=Multicultural Curtain Call Films: Ayuko Babu hopes the Pan African Festival will help rebuild hope in riot-scarred L.A.: [Home Edition] |url=https://login.proxy180.nclive.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/news/docview/281861108/39E4A5F801144343PQ/2?accountid=14604&sourcetype=Newspapers |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=login.proxy180.nclive.org}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFEpstein1992">Epstein, Robert (October 14, 1992). [https://login.proxy180.nclive.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/news/docview/281861108/39E4A5F801144343PQ/2?accountid=14604&sourcetype=Newspapers "Multicultural Curtain Call Films: Ayuko Babu hopes the Pan African Festival will help rebuild hope in riot-scarred L.A.: &#x5B;Home Edition&#x5D;"]. ''login.proxy180.nclive.org''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 25,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></ref> Indintego kwaruguhuza abandi Banyafurika hagatiyabo kukohariho itandukaniro ryinshi mubanyafurika. Yagaragaje 40 films zakozwe n'abayobozi b'abirabura baturutse kumigabane ine. Ikinyamakuru ''Los Angeles Times'' cyavuzeko filime zifitinsanganyamatsiko rusange ndetse n’insanganyamatsiko nyafurika: "guhirika ubutegetsi bwa gikoroni, guhangana hagati y’indangagaciro zigezweho n’indangagaciro gakondo, n’imigani y’abahanzi bafite impano". Filime mw'iserukiramuco rya mbere zirimo ''Sarraounia'', ''Heritage Africa'', na ''Lord of the Street''. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Staff |date=October 17, 1992 |title=A Kaleidoscope of Continents: Inaugural film festival highlights beauty of pan-African experience |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-17-me-34-story.html |url-access=subscription |access-date=January 24, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Mu 2013, iserukiramuco rya sinema ryitabiriwe 30,000 patrons, nahw'iserukiramuco ry'ubuhanzi ryitabiriwe n'abantu 75.000. <ref name="king">{{Cite news |last=King |first=Susan |date=February 6, 2013 |title=The world comes calling at the Pan African Film & Arts Festival |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-et-cm-pan-african-20130207-story.html |access-date=January 24, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKing2013">King, Susan (February 6, 2013). [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-et-cm-pan-african-20130207-story.html "The world comes calling at the Pan African Film & Arts Festival"]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> Muri 2014, iserukiramuco rya firime ryagaragayemo 179 films zomu 46 countries. Muri firime harimo documentaire-ndende, documentaire ngufi, firime yerekana inkuru, firime ngufi, hamwe nurubuga. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bennett |first=Wyllisa |date=January 30, 2014 |title=22nd Annual Pan African Film Festival Night of Tribute this Friday, January 31 |url=http://www.eurweb.com/2014/01/22nd-annual-pan-african-film-festival-night-of-tribute-this-friday-january-31/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202100034/http://www.eurweb.com/2014/01/22nd-annual-pan-african-film-festival-night-of-tribute-this-friday-january-31/ |archive-date=Feb 2, 2014 |access-date=January 31, 2014 |work=EURweb}}</ref> == Filime == === Tsotsi (2005) === Iyobowena Gavin Hood, film yerekanubuzima muri Afrika yepfo nkurubyiruko. Insanganyamatsiko zishingiye kw'ihohoterwa, gucungurwa, n'ubumuntu. === Dry (2014) === Iyobowena Stephanie Okereke, ivugakubyerekeye gushyingirwa kwabana agendeye kunkuru yukuri. Okereke yamenye bwambere ibijyanye nogushyingirwa kw'abana bibera muri Nijeriya igihe yigaga muri kaminuza. Yashakaga kugeza iki kibazo mu bitangazamakuru kugira ngo abimenyeshe. Byitabiriwe cyane ku buryo leta ya Gambiya yabujije gushyingirwa kw'abana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIND |first=Voice of America News |title=Pan African Festival Connects African Diaspora Through the Arts |url=https://login.proxy180.nclive.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/news/docview/2182597598/90140BDFDBEE4F14PQ/16?accountid=14604&sourcetype=Reports |access-date=2025-04-10 |website=login.proxy180.nclive.org}}</ref> == Abayobozi bakomeye nabakinnyi == * Joseph Gaï Ramaka <ref>{{Cite web |last=Martin |first=Michael T |title=Joseph Gaï Ramaka: "I am not a filmmaker engagé. I am an ordinary citizen engagé." |url=https://login.proxy180.nclive.org/login?url=https://www.proquest.com/artshumanities/docview/207635583/A1A360EA00704F77PQ/1?accountid=14604&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals |access-date=2025-03-31 |website=login.proxy180.nclive.org}}</ref> * Omari Hardwick <ref name="king">{{Cite news |last=King |first=Susan |date=February 6, 2013 |title=The world comes calling at the Pan African Film & Arts Festival |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-et-cm-pan-african-20130207-story.html |access-date=January 24, 2014 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFKing2013">King, Susan (February 6, 2013). [https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-xpm-2013-feb-06-la-et-cm-pan-african-20130207-story.html "The world comes calling at the Pan African Film & Arts Festival"]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 24,</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> * Nicole Beharie * Stephanie Okereke * Gavin Hood == Reba kandi == * Pan-Africanism * Urutonde rwibirori bya firime == Reba == {{Reflist}} fm1tett6p5rm7k20gics9wk6mazla9v 0 20548 139507 124892 2026-09-23T10:00:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139507 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya BlackStar''' niserukiramuco rya firime ngarukamwaka ryateguwe na BlackStar Projects. Iriserukiramuco ryibanda kuri firime zivuga ndetse n’abirabura n’abasangwabutaka baturutse hiryanohino ku isi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Blichert |first=Frederick |date=July 4, 2019 |title=Questlove, Alex Gibney-produced hip hop docuseries to screen at BlackStar Film Fest |url=http://realscreen.com/2019/07/04/questlove-alex-gibney-produced-hip-hop-docuseries-to-screen-at-blackstar-film-fest/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190704164235/http://realscreen.com/2019/07/04/questlove-alex-gibney-produced-hip-hop-docuseries-to-screen-at-blackstar-film-fest/ |archive-date=2019-07-04 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[RealScreen]]}}</ref> Kanama i Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Amerika. Byasobanuwe nka "Sundance Yirabura." <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hatmaker |first=Julia |date=August 4, 2017 |title='The Black Sundance' is under way in Philadelphia |url=https://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/2017/08/the_black_sundance_is_underway.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724011938/https://www.pennlive.com/entertainment/2017/08/the_black_sundance_is_underway.html |archive-date=2019-07-24 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[PennLive]]}}</ref> <ref name="indiewire">{{Cite news |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |date=August 1, 2019 |title=BlackStar: How a Film Festival for People of Color Became 'the Black Sundance' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/08/blackstar-film-festival-black-sundance-1202161841/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801170031/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/08/blackstar-film-festival-black-sundance-1202161841/ |archive-date=2019-08-01 |access-date=July 1, 2019 |work=[[Indiewire]]}}</ref> Ibirori byiswe umurongo wokohereza Marcus Garvey, Umurongo wa Black Star. Yashinzwe mu mwaka <ref name="indiewire">{{Cite news |last=Obenson |first=Tambay |date=August 1, 2019 |title=BlackStar: How a Film Festival for People of Color Became 'the Black Sundance' |url=https://www.indiewire.com/2019/08/blackstar-film-festival-black-sundance-1202161841/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190801170031/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/08/blackstar-film-festival-black-sundance-1202161841/ |archive-date=2019-08-01 |access-date=July 1, 2019 |work=[[Indiewire]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFObenson2019">Obenson, Tambay (August 1, 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190801170031/https://www.indiewire.com/2019/08/blackstar-film-festival-black-sundance-1202161841/ "BlackStar: How a Film Festival for People of Color Became 'the Black Sundance'"]. ''[[Indiewire]]''. Archived from [https://www.indiewire.com/2019/08/blackstar-film-festival-black-sundance-1202161841/ the original] on 2019-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> na Maori Karmael Holmes, ahw'iserukiramuco ryambere rya Filime rya BlackStar ryatekerejwe bwambere nka "microfestival" y'umunsi umwe, kuberako umubaremunini wabyoherejwe, amaherezo ryahindutse ibirori mpuzamahanga by’iminsi ine. <ref name="WHYY">{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Taylor |date=February 28, 2019 |title=How one woman expanded a Philadelphia-based black film festival to the international stage |url=https://whyy.org/articles/how-one-woman-expanded-a-philadelphia-based-black-film-festival-to-the-international-stage/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228112814/https://whyy.org/articles/how-one-woman-expanded-a-philadelphia-based-black-film-festival-to-the-international-stage/ |archive-date=2019-02-28 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[WHYY-FM|WHYY]]}}</ref> Holmes yateje imbere iserukiramuco bitewe nuko yabonaga kohabaye iminsi mikuru micye ya firime kubakinnyi ba firime birabura, <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Hellmann |first=Melissa |date=2025-07-30 |title=The 'Black Sundance' honoring film-makers of color and focusing on community building |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233436/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival#img-2 |archive-date=2025-08-11 |access-date=2025-08-16 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> ndetse nogushaka gusangira inkuru zirenze imyumvire itandukanye yabantu bafite ibara. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-08-02 |title=BlackStar Film Festival: Celebrate Black Independent Films in Philly |url=https://www.ebony.com/blackstar-film-festival-launches/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927073802/https://www.ebony.com/blackstar-film-festival-launches/ |archive-date=2022-09-27 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=[[Ebony (magazine)|EBONY]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Abashyigikiye ibirori barimo Fondasiyo ya MacArthur, Knight Foundation, HBO, CAA, Comcast, na Lionsgate. <ref name="indiewire" /> Iserukiramuco ryambere ryarimo icyiciro cya master hamwe nokwerekana igice cya <nowiki><i id="mwNw">Hagati</i></nowiki> ya Ava DuVernay. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Zeglen |first=Julie |date=February 20, 2018 |title=Maori Karmael Holmes moved to LA to work for Ava DuVernay. What about BlackStar? |url=https://generocity.org/philly/2018/02/20/maori-karmael-holmes-ava-duvernay-blackstar-film-festival/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190620141841/https://generocity.org/philly/2018/02/20/maori-karmael-holmes-ava-duvernay-blackstar-film-festival/ |archive-date=2019-06-20 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[Technically Media|Generocity]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Rickey |first=Carrie |date=October 5, 2012 |title=She's a Graduate of an Unusual Film School: Ava DuVernay and Middle of Nowhere |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/07/movies/ava-duvernay-and-middle-of-nowhere.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007202739/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/07/movies/ava-duvernay-and-middle-of-nowhere.html |archive-date=2012-10-07 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Yakozwe na Projet idaharanirinyungu ya BlackStar, muririserukiramuco harimo firime 40 zoku migabane ine. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Hellmann |first=Melissa |date=2025-07-30 |title=The 'Black Sundance' honoring film-makers of color and focusing on community building |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233436/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival#img-2 |archive-date=2025-08-11 |access-date=2025-08-16 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHellmann2025">Hellmann, Melissa (2025-07-30). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233436/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival#img-2 "The 'Black Sundance' honoring film-makers of color and focusing on community building"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Archived from [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival the original] on 2025-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-08-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> Nyuma y'ibirori harimo firime za Arthur Jafa, Ja'Tovia Gary, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marine |first=Brooke |date=August 8, 2023 |title=Ja'Tovia Gary Grew Up on the Internet |url=https://www.thecut.com/2023/08/jatovia-gary-blackstar-film-festival-interview-quiet-as-its-kept.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250720090323/https://www.thecut.com/2023/08/jatovia-gary-blackstar-film-festival-interview-quiet-as-its-kept.html |archive-date=2025-07-20 |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=[[The Cut (publication)|The Cut]] |publisher=New York Magazine}}</ref> Terence Nance, Jenn Nkiru, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tillet |first=Salamishah |date=August 3, 2022 |title=At the BlackStar Film Festival, a Revelatory Understanding of Cinema |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/03/movies/blackstar-film-festival.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220803172028/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/03/movies/blackstar-film-festival.html |archive-date=2022-08-03 |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Gabourey Sidibe, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hornaday |first=Ann |date=August 17, 2017 |title=Festivals celebrating black films provide cinematic safe space when it's sorely needed. |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/festivals-celebrating-black-films-provide-cinematic-safe-space-when-its-sorely-needed/2017/08/17/c66999fc-82aa-11e7-ab27-1a21a8e006ab_story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170818013447/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/festivals-celebrating-black-films-provide-cinematic-safe-space-when-its-sorely-needed/2017/08/17/c66999fc-82aa-11e7-ab27-1a21a8e006ab_story.html |archive-date=2017-08-18 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> Janine Sherman Barrois, <ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Brara |first=Noor |date=August 2, 2018 |title=8 Standout Films to See at This Year's Blackstar Film Festival in Philadelphia |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/blackstar-film-festival-2018-best-films |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802141941/https://www.vogue.com/article/blackstar-film-festival-2018-best-films |archive-date=2018-08-02 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}</ref> Darius Clark Monroe, Shatara Michelle Ford, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Elfadl |first=Murtada |date=August 5, 2024 |title='Dreams in Nightmares' Review: A Subversive Take on the Road Movie |url=https://variety.com/2024/film/reviews/dreams-in-nightmares-review-1236094025/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250104075513/https://variety.com/2024/film/reviews/dreams-in-nightmares-review-1236094025/ |archive-date=2025-01-04 |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> Garrett Bradley, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Bedatri |date=August 20, 2020 |title=A Celebration of Black, Brown, and Indigenous Stories |url=https://hyperallergic.com/583648/blackstar-film-festival-2020/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200822032549/https://hyperallergic.com/583648/blackstar-film-festival-2020/ |archive-date=2020-08-22 |access-date=24 October 2024 |website=[[Hyperallergic]]}}</ref> na Naima Ramos-Chapman. Abagize itsinda barimo Bradford Young, Rashid Shabazz, <ref name="WHYY">{{Cite news |last=Allen |first=Taylor |date=February 28, 2019 |title=How one woman expanded a Philadelphia-based black film festival to the international stage |url=https://whyy.org/articles/how-one-woman-expanded-a-philadelphia-based-black-film-festival-to-the-international-stage/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228112814/https://whyy.org/articles/how-one-woman-expanded-a-philadelphia-based-black-film-festival-to-the-international-stage/ |archive-date=2019-02-28 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[WHYY-FM|WHYY]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAllen2019">Allen, Taylor (February 28, 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190228112814/https://whyy.org/articles/how-one-woman-expanded-a-philadelphia-based-black-film-festival-to-the-international-stage/ "How one woman expanded a Philadelphia-based black film festival to the international stage"]. ''[[WHYY-FM|WHYY]]''. Archived from [https://whyy.org/articles/how-one-woman-expanded-a-philadelphia-based-black-film-festival-to-the-international-stage/ the original] on 2019-02-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref> Spike Lee, na Tarana Burke. <ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Sims |first=Megan |date=July 15, 2019 |title=Spike Lee and Tarana Burke to participate in 2019 BlackStar Film Festival |url=https://thegrio.com/2019/07/15/spike-lee-and-tarana-burke-2019-blackstar-film-festival/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715192351/https://thegrio.com/2019/07/15/spike-lee-and-tarana-burke-2019-blackstar-film-festival/ |archive-date=2019-07-15 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[TheGrio]]}}</ref> Yaba Blay, [[Akiba Solomon]], Ahmir “Questlove” Thompson, na Tariq “Igitekerezo Cyirabura” Trotter bose babanje gukorera mu nama ngishwanama y'ibirori. <ref>{{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Board |url=https://www.blackstarfest.org/board/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200507204528/https://www.blackstarfest.org/board/ |archive-date=2020-05-07 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |website=[[BlackStar Film Festival]]}}</ref> Mu 2024, ibirori byari byitabiriwe n'abantu barenga 17.000. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beltran |first=Alana |date=2025-07-02 |title=BlackStar Film Festival set to return for its 14th year in Philadelphia |url=https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/entertainment/the-scene/blackstar-film-festival-philadelphia-july-august-2025/4224442/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250812000546/https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/entertainment/the-scene/blackstar-film-festival-philadelphia-july-august-2025/4224442/ |archive-date=2025-08-12 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=[[WCAU|NBC10 Philadelphia]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Mushikiwabo uteguragahunda ya Blackstar Projects harimo Seen, ikinyamakuru gisohoka kabiri mubuhanzi nokwandika; amahugurwa y'abahanzi b'amabara; ubusabane; n'imurikagurisha. <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Hellmann |first=Melissa |date=2025-07-30 |title=The 'Black Sundance' honoring film-makers of color and focusing on community building |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233436/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival#img-2 |archive-date=2025-08-11 |access-date=2025-08-16 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHellmann2025">Hellmann, Melissa (2025-07-30). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233436/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival#img-2 "The 'Black Sundance' honoring film-makers of color and focusing on community building"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Archived from [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival the original] on 2025-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-08-16</span></span>.</cite></ref> == Amafilime azwi yagaragaye == === 2012 === * ''Ibiryo byubugingo byubusa <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last= |date=2012-08-02 |title=BlackStar Film Festival: Celebrate Black Independent Films in Philly |url=https://www.ebony.com/blackstar-film-festival-launches/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927073802/https://www.ebony.com/blackstar-film-festival-launches/ |archive-date=2022-09-27 |access-date=2025-08-16 |website=[[Ebony (magazine)|EBONY]] |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220927073802/https://www.ebony.com/blackstar-film-festival-launches/ "BlackStar Film Festival: Celebrate Black Independent Films in Philly"]. ''[[Ebony (magazine)|EBONY]]''. 2012-08-02. Archived from [https://www.ebony.com/blackstar-film-festival-launches/ the original] on 2022-09-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-08-16</span></span>.</cite></ref>'' * ''Hagati y'ahantu hose <ref name=":1" />'' * ''Brooklyn Boheme <ref name=":1" />'' * ''Indangamuntu yemewe <ref name=":1" />'' === 2013 === * ''Kwemeza Icyifuzo <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2013-08-14 |title='Things Never Said,' 'Homegoings' Anchor 2013 BlackStar Film Festival Awards |url=https://blavity.com/things-never-said-homegoings-anchor-2013-blackstar-film-festival-awards |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250518061008/https://blavity.com/things-never-said-homegoings-anchor-2013-blackstar-film-festival-awards |archive-date=2025-05-18 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[Blavity|Blavity News & Entertainment]] |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Gutaha murugo <ref name=":2" />'' * ''Ibintu bitigeze bivugwa <ref name=":2" />'' * ''[[Nairobi Half Life|Nairobi Igice cya kabiri cy'ubuzima]] <ref name=":2" />'' === 2014 === * ''Afronauts <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-08-07 |title=2014 BlackStar Film Festival Award Winners – 'Evolution of a Criminal,' 'Dreams Are Colder Than Death' |url=http://www.indiewire.com/2014/08/2014-blackstar-film-festival-award-winners-evolution-of-a-criminal-dreams-are-colder-than-death-235582/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160624202829/http://www.indiewire.com/2014/08/2014-blackstar-film-festival-award-winners-evolution-of-a-criminal-dreams-are-colder-than-death-235582/ |archive-date=2016-06-24 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[IndieWire]] |language=en-US}}</ref>'' === 2015 === * ''Ubukwe bwa Noheri <ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-08-03 |title=2015 Blackstar Film Festival Award Winners |url=https://blavity.com/2015-blackstar-film-festival-award-winners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231128105718/https://blavity.com/2015-blackstar-film-festival-award-winners/ |archive-date=2023-11-28 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[Blavity|Blavity News & Entertainment]] |language=en}}</ref>'' === 2016 === * ''Mbwira Ikintu Cyiza <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2016-08-10 |title=5th Annual BlackStar Film Festival Announces 2016 Award Winners |url=https://blavity.com/entertainment/5th-annual-blackstar-film-festival-announces-2016-award-winners |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231204185043/https://blavity.com/entertainment/5th-annual-blackstar-film-festival-announces-2016-award-winners |archive-date=2023-12-04 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[Blavity|Blavity News & Entertainment]] |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Urukundo Nubutumwa, Ubutumwa Nurupfu <ref name=":3" />'' * ''9 Kugenda <ref name=":3" />'' === 2017 === * ''Ayiti Mon Amour <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Sinead |date=2017-07-26 |title=BlackStar Film Festival will return for sixth year |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/guide-to-blackstar-film-festival-2017/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726121540/http://www.phillyvoice.com/guide-to-blackstar-film-festival-2017/ |archive-date=2017-07-26 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=PhillyVoice |language=english}}</ref>'' * ''Umuhanda wa nde? <ref name=":4" />'' * ''Umugani wa Bane <ref name=":4" />'' === 2018 === * ''Umwirabura <ref name=":5">{{Cite news |last=Brara |first=Noor |date=August 2, 2018 |title=8 Standout Films to See at This Year's Blackstar Film Festival in Philadelphia |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/blackstar-film-festival-2018-best-films |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180802141941/https://www.vogue.com/article/blackstar-film-festival-2018-best-films |archive-date=2018-08-02 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFBrara2018">Brara, Noor (August 2, 2018). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180802141941/https://www.vogue.com/article/blackstar-film-festival-2018-best-films "8 Standout Films to See at This Year's Blackstar Film Festival in Philadelphia"]. ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]''. Archived from [https://www.vogue.com/article/blackstar-film-festival-2018-best-films the original] on 2018-08-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref>'' * ''Douvan Jou Ka Leve + Iminsi ine muri Gicurasi <ref name=":5" />'' * ''Jinn <ref name=":5" />'' * ''Ibyiyumvo byo kurebwa <ref name=":5" />'' * ''Isabukuru nziza, Marsha! <ref name=":5" />'' === 2019 === * ''Iyo ngeze murugo <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Sinead |date=2019-07-26 |title=2019 BlackStar Film Festival includes projects by Questlove, Solange Knowles |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/blackstar-film-festival-2019-philadelphia-questlove-solange-knowles-spike-lee/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250623230811/https://www.phillyvoice.com/blackstar-film-festival-2019-philadelphia-questlove-solange-knowles-spike-lee/ |archive-date=2025-06-23 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=PhillyVoice |language=english}}</ref>'' * ''Hip Hop: Indirimbo Zanyeganyeje Amerika <ref name=":7" />'' * ''[[Sprinter (film)|Sprinter]] <ref name=":7" />'' * ''Yezebeli <ref name=":6">{{Cite news |last=Sims |first=Megan |date=July 15, 2019 |title=Spike Lee and Tarana Burke to participate in 2019 BlackStar Film Festival |url=https://thegrio.com/2019/07/15/spike-lee-and-tarana-burke-2019-blackstar-film-festival/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190715192351/https://thegrio.com/2019/07/15/spike-lee-and-tarana-burke-2019-blackstar-film-festival/ |archive-date=2019-07-15 |access-date=July 23, 2019 |work=[[TheGrio]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFSims2019">Sims, Megan (July 15, 2019). [https://web.archive.org/web/20190715192351/https://thegrio.com/2019/07/15/spike-lee-and-tarana-burke-2019-blackstar-film-festival/ "Spike Lee and Tarana Burke to participate in 2019 BlackStar Film Festival"]. ''[[TheGrio]]''. Archived from [https://thegrio.com/2019/07/15/spike-lee-and-tarana-burke-2019-blackstar-film-festival/ the original] on 2019-07-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></ref>'' * ''Indirimbo y'urukundo kuri Latasha <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wellington |first=Elizabeth |date=2021-08-04 |title=BlackStar Film Fest is world-premiering the new 'Eyes on the Prize' before it goes to HBO Max, and I'm Philly proud to say so |url=https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/blackstar-film-festival-philadelphia-2021-20210804.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210804100436/https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/blackstar-film-festival-philadelphia-2021-20210804.html |archive-date=2021-08-04 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref>'' === 2020 === * ''Miss Juneteenth <ref name=":8">{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Sinead |date=2020-07-07 |title=Philadelphia's ninth BlackStar Film Festival goes virtual |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/blackstar-film-festival-2020-virtual-event-tickets-black-movies-watch-online/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200717102722/https://www.phillyvoice.com/blackstar-film-festival-2020-virtual-event-tickets-black-movies-watch-online/ |archive-date=2020-07-17 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=PhillyVoice |language=english}}</ref>'' * ''Kubogama kubogamye <ref name=":8" />'' * ''Gusezera Amor <ref name=":8" />'' * ''Binyuze mu ijoro <ref name=":8" />'' * ''Ubwenegihugu <ref name=":8" />'' * ''Munsi yintambwe yijimye <ref name=":8" />'' === 2021 === * ''Umurage <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |last=Cummings |first=Sinead |date=2021-07-06 |title=BlackStar Film Festival 2021: 10th anniversary lineup revealed |url=https://www.phillyvoice.com/blackstar-film-festival-2021-tickets-movies/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706163752/https://www.phillyvoice.com/blackstar-film-festival-2021-tickets-movies/ |archive-date=2021-07-06 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=PhillyVoice |language=english}}</ref>'' * ''Kwandika hamwe n'umuriro <ref name=":9" />'' * ''Ibishyimbo <ref name=":9" />'' === 2022 === * ''Aftershock <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Kathia |date=2022-07-26 |title=The 2022 BlackStar Film Festival returns to its hybrid model |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/the-2022-blackstar-film-festival-returns-to-its-hybrid-model/article_41aa252f-905d-5844-ad33-ed3568a5785b.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250820220114/https://www.phillytrib.com/the-2022-blackstar-film-festival-returns-to-its-hybrid-model/article_41aa252f-905d-5844-ad33-ed3568a5785b.html |archive-date=2025-08-20 |access-date=2025-08-20 |website=[[The Philadelphia Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Mars Imwe <ref name=":10" />'' * ''Lingui, Inkunga Zera <ref name=":10" />'' === 2023 === * ''Kujya kuri Mars: Umushinga wa Nikki Giovanni <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Qureshi |first=Hira |date=2023-08-01 |title=Here's everything you need to know before attending BlackStar Film Festival in Philly |url=https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-film-festival-philadelphia-everything-you-need-to-know-20230801.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418161826/https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-film-festival-philadelphia-everything-you-need-to-know-20230801.html |archive-date=2025-04-18 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Umukobwa <ref name=":11" />'' * ''Umwuka Wera <ref>{{Cite web |last=Choudhury |first=Bedatri |last2=Cartagena |first2=Rosa |last3=Myers |first3=Michelle |last4=Qureshi |first4=Hira |last5=Savage |first5=Henry |date=2023-08-01 |title=The 2023 BlackStar Film Festival starts Wednesday. Here's what we are watching |url=https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-film-festival-2023-lineup-what-are-we-watching-20230801.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801171016/https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-film-festival-2023-lineup-what-are-we-watching-20230801.html |archive-date=2023-08-01 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref>'' === 2024 === * ''Ballad ya Suzanne Césaire <ref>{{Cite web |last=Diop |first=Arimeta |date=2024-08-08 |title=The BlackStar Film Festival Has a Mission, and Plenty of Ambition |url=https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/blackstar-film-festival |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240808225053/https://www.vanityfair.com/hollywood/story/blackstar-film-festival |archive-date=2024-08-08 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] |language=en-US}}</ref>'' * ''Umwamikazi w'inzozi zanjye <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |last=Cartagena |first=Rosa |last2=Hopkins |first2=Earl |last3=Ragland |first3=Raymond |last4=Qureshi |first4=Hira |last5=Savage |first5=Henry |last6=Choudhury |first6=Bedatri |date=2024-07-30 |title=11 films you should not miss at the BlackStar Film Festival |url=https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-film-festival-best-films-2024-20240730.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250613003554/https://www.inquirer.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-film-festival-best-films-2024-20240730.html |archive-date=2025-06-13 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]] |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Inzozi mu <ref name=":12" />'' * ''Bye Bye Tiberiya <ref name=":12" />'' === 2025 === * ''BLKNWS: Amategeko &amp;amp; Ibisabwa <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Woods |first=Kathia |date=2025-07-30 |title=BlackStar highlights Black and brown stories in Philly film festival |url=https://www.phillytrib.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-highlights-black-and-brown-stories-in-philly-film-festival/article_071d9789-8830-40ef-8e8a-e9dca53895b3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233446/https://www.phillytrib.com/entertainment/movies/blackstar-highlights-black-and-brown-stories-in-philly-film-festival/article_071d9789-8830-40ef-8e8a-e9dca53895b3.html |archive-date=2025-08-11 |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=[[The Philadelphia Tribune]] |language=en}}</ref>'' * ''Himura Ya Umubiri: Ivuka ryinzu <ref name=":13" />'' * ''Urukundo, Brooklyn <ref name=":13" />'' * ''Ibyo usigaranye byose <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Hellmann |first=Melissa |date=2025-07-30 |title=The 'Black Sundance' honoring film-makers of color and focusing on community building |url=https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233436/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival#img-2 |archive-date=2025-08-11 |access-date=2025-08-16 |work=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFHellmann2025">Hellmann, Melissa (2025-07-30). [https://web.archive.org/web/20250811233436/https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival#img-2 "The 'Black Sundance' honoring film-makers of color and focusing on community building"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077 0261-3077]. Archived from [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2025/jul/30/blackstar-film-festival the original] on 2025-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-08-16</span></span>.</cite></ref>'' == Reba == {{Reflist}} ap7gwozmcw2ur1mjwrc1ts9ipepfuzl 0 20549 139196 134538 2026-09-23T07:11:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139196 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Freaknik''' ( /ˈ f r iː k n ɪ k / ; mu ntangiriro '''Freaknic''' ) yarumunsi mukuru w'ikiruhuko ngarukamwaka wabereye i Atlanta, Jeworujiya. Yabanje kwitabirwa nabanyeshuri biyandikishije mumateka n'amashuri makuru yabirabura mumateka ya kaminuza ya Atlanta. <ref name="Suggs">{{Cite news |last=Suggs |first=Ernie |date=2008-04-14 |title=Street party became its own undoing |url=http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/atlanta/stories/2008/04/13/whatever_0414.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080420055026/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/atlanta/stories/2008/04/13/whatever_0414.html |archive-date=2008-04-20 |access-date=2008-04-14 |work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]] |quote=It was a heck of a run. From 1983 until 1999, Freaknic — the college picnic that morphed into a sprawling street party — tormented, titillated and drove Atlanta to the brink but Chrissy said it came back for a while until 2010.}}</ref> Yatangiye mu 1983 nka picnic ntoya muri parike rusange hafiyikigo cya kaminuza ya Atlanta yatewe inkunga na DC Metro Club kubanyeshuri batabashaga gusubira murugo kuruhuka rwimpeshyi. Byakomeje nkigikorwa ngarukamwaka cyabayemuri wikendi <ref name="Suggs" /> muri Mata. Ibirori byariyongereye cyane nogukundwa cyane mumyaka ya za 90, bikubiyemamarushanwa yokubyina, ibitaramo, ibirori, amarushanwa ya basketball, amasomo ya rap, iserukiramuco rya firime n’imurikagurisha ryakazi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1997-04-18 |title=Black students converge on Atlanta for Freaknic |url=http://www.cnn.com/US/9704/18/briefs.pm/freaknik.index.html |publisher=CNN |quote=Among the other activities planned are a party at a downtown club hosted by Michael Bivins of the hip-hop group "New Edition," a basketball tournament, rap sessions, a film festival and a daylong job fair.}}</ref> Ikinyamakuru ''cya Atlanta'' cyiswe ibirori byomumuhanda bizwi cyane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2015 |title=Freaknik: Rise and fall of Atlanta's most infamous street party |url=https://www.atlantamagazine.com/90s/freaknik-the-rise-and-fall-of-atlantas-most-infamous-street-party/}}</ref>, abapolisi bomu karere ka Atlanta n'abayobozi batowe bakoranye kugirango Freaknik irangire. Impapuro zavuguruwe zagarutse umunsumwe ku ya 22 Kamena 2019, nka "FreakNik Atlanta '19 - Ibirori hamwe n’igitaramo cyabereye muri Cellairis Amphitheater i Lakewood. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kempner |first=Matt |date=June 22, 2019 |title=FreakNik's mini return to Atlanta sparks array of memories |url=https://www.ajc.com/news/local/freaknik-mini-return-atlanta-sparks-array-memories/J0AIIep9Sm9ZlnuWAnOuwJ/ |access-date=29 November 2022 |work=The Atlanta Journal-Constitution}}</ref> Ubusanzwe "Freaknic", izinaryibirorini portmanteau ya "picnic" na "frak", ukurikije insanganyamatsiko ya DC Metro Club yo mu 1982–1983 insanganyamatsiko Kugaruka kwa Freak". <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 26, 2017 |title=Partying "The Atlanta Way"? Freaknik and Black Governance in 1990s Atlanta |url=https://www.atlantastudies.org/2017/09/26/ansley-quiros-partying-the-atlanta-way-freaknik-and-black-governance-in-1990s-atlanta/}}</ref> == Amateka == Freaknik yasamwe muri Werurwe 1982 ku kigo cya Spelman College mu nama ya DC Metro Club iyobowe na perezida icyo gihe Schuyla Goodson. <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 11, 2023 |title=An Unofficial History of Freaknik |url=https://atlantafi.com/freaknik-history-atlanta//}}</ref> Yatewe inkunga niyi club, yari igizwe n’abanyeshuri baturutse i Washington, DC, Maryland, na Virginia. Club DC Metro Club yari igamije ko itoroshye kuri Club ya California muri ibirori binini birangira-umwaka-shuri. Goodson yatanze igitekerezo cyizina Freaknik (icyo gihe cyiswe "Freaknic") nka portmanteau yubusa na picnic. Izina Freaknik ryahumekewe na Le Freak na Chic, indirimbo n'imbyino bizwi cyane kuva mu 1978. Bwa mbere byabereye muri John A. White Park muri Atlanta muri Mata 1982, ryitabiriwe n’abanyeshuri bagera ku 150. === Kwamamaza === Mu 1988, Perezida wa College ya Spelman, Johnnetta B. Cole, yabujije DC Metro Club kugira uruhare muri Freaknic kuberimpamvu z’ishuri. Kuberako ntashyirahamwe ryabanyeshuri ryemewe riyobora ibirori, Daryl Miller wigenga yasabwe na DC Metro Club kuyitezimbere. Yakuze ibirori kuva 15.000 agera kuri 250.000 mumyaka itanu nta radio cyangwa amatangazo yamamaza. Abandi bamamaza benshi batangiye kuzamura Freakni (k) utarumuyobozi. Kimwemuribyobirori cyabereye kuri hegitari 33 za Fairwood Fairgrounds cyari gifite abantu 60.000. Mu 1993, abanyeshuri babiri batari HBCU, abamamaza ishyaka Ronn Greene na Diya Nabawi, nibobabaye abambere mukuranga iryozina, ryanditswe kumugaragaro nka "Freaknik" (risozwa na "k"). Ikindi cyabereye muri Club XS hafi ya Moreland Ave. Ikigikorwa cyatejwe imbere nitsinda ryabanyamuryango ba Omega Psi Phi. Ryari rifite abantu bagera ku 30.000 muri parikingi hamwe n’abandi 60.000 bazengurutse Moreland ijoro ryose. Mu 1991, Kristina Copeland, umutegarugor'ukomoka i Washington, DC, na Ronn Greene, bakoze ibirori byakabiri, byabereye mu imurikagurisha rya Lakewood. Mugihe ibirori byamenyekanye cyane mumico gakondo yabirabura, abashyitsi benshi b'Abirabura baturutse muturere twosetwa Amerika, Kanada, Karayibe n'Uburayi baza kuyitabira. Bamwe murabobashyitsi bahisemo guhindura agace ka Atlanta inzu yabo nshya ihoraho. Mumyaka ya za 90 rwagati, ibirori byitabiriwe n'abantu barenga 250.000 buri mwaka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 18, 2024 |title=Freaknik attendees remember legendary spring break festival before upcoming Hulu documentary premiere |url=https://www.wabe.org/freaknik-attendees-remember-legendary-spring-break-festival-before-upcoming-hulu-documentary-premiere/}}</ref> Ikindikandi ibirori byari imbaraga zikomeye zubukungu mukarere ka Atlanta. Biteganijwe ko mu 1994 ingaruka z’ubukungu zageze kuri miliyoni 20 z'amadolari. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 6, 2023 |title=Freaknik: The Rise and Fall of One of Hip Hop's Most Misunderstood Festivals |url=https://blackgirlnerds.com/freaknik-the-rise-and-fall-of-one-of-hip-hops-most-misunderstood-festivals/}}</ref> Uko Freaknik yagendagikura, banyir'amazu bahondetse nabanyir'ubucuruzi babibona nabi. Yamaganwe nubucuruzi bwa Atlanta, amashyirahamwe yabaturanyi, abafite ubucuruzi nabayobozi babaturage. Byongeye raporo zihohoterwa rishingiye kugitsina n’izindi mpungenge z’umutekano rusange ziyongereye igihe ibirori byakorwaga. Muri Mata 1997, umuyobozi w’umujyi wa Atlanta, Bill Campbell, . <ref name="A">{{Cite web |title=Should We Freak Out Over Freaknik? – IL Humanities |url=http://www.prairie.org/events/23726/should-we-freak-out-over-freaknik |access-date=2016-07-15 |website=Prairie.org}}</ref> kumihanda nyabagendwa yerekeza i Atlanta. Abayobozi b'umugi bamaze gufata ingamba zokugabanya Freaknik kugerwaho, gukundwa kwayo kwaragabanutse. Ibirori byimukiye iburasirazuba kuva Atlanta yerekeza muri Memorial Drive mu ntara ya DeKalb, Jeworujiya. Kugeza mu 1999, nubwobimukiye mu Ntara ya DeKalb kugirango birinde abapolisi ba Atlanta, abitabiriye baragabanutse, bituma irangira kumugaragaro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New doc chronicles rise and fall of Freaknik. What it is and how to watch |url=https://www.indystar.com/story/entertainment/2024/03/21/freaknik-2024-documentary-hulu-drops-what-to-know-atlanta/73052009007/#:~:text=When%20did%20Freaknik%20get%20shut,it%20petered%20out%20in%201999}}</ref> Habayeho kugerageza nyuma ya 1999 kubyutsa Freaknik kumugaragaro, ariko ntibyatsinze<ref>{{Cite web |date=March 14, 2024 |title='Freaknik' documentary tells untold story behind the massively popular Atlanta street party |url=https://www.berkshireeagle.com/lifestyle/freaknik-documentary-tells-untold-story-behind-the-massively-popular-atlanta-street-party/article_468c283d-bc1d-526e-ab44-00c268a02eac.html |access-date=September 25, 2025 |archive-date=March 21, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321221834/https://www.berkshireeagle.com/lifestyle/freaknik-documentary-tells-untold-story-behind-the-massively-popular-atlanta-street-party/article_468c283d-bc1d-526e-ab44-00c268a02eac.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, abayobozi b'Atlanta bagize bati: "nta bintu byemewe na Freaknic byemewe mumbibi z'umujyi." Umuyobozi w'akarere ka Atlanta, Kasim Reed, yavuze kandi ko "azakomera ndetse akanarega abategura ibikorwa byose bifitanye isano na Freaknic bitubahiriza amabwiriza y'umujyi." <ref>{{Cite news |date=2010-04-14 |title=Reed: Atlanta will not tolerate Freaknic-related trouble |url=http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/reed-atlanta-will-not-461761.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100417055319/http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/reed-atlanta-will-not-461761.html |archive-date=2010-04-17 |access-date=2010-04-15 |work=[[The Atlanta Journal-Constitution]]}}</ref> Nyuma yimyaka 20, umuyobozi wanyuma wa Freaknik arimu 1999, isosiyete yamamaza ikorera mur'Atlanta Nyuma ya 9 Partners na Carlos Neal bagiranye amasezerano na Luther Campbell, Juvenile, Trina nabandi kugirango bayobore igitaramo cyiswe Freaknik muri kamena 2019. Freaknik ya 2019 yagaragayemo abahanzi bamuzika ya hip-hop na R&amp;amp;B bakorera muri Cellairis Amphitheater. Ibindi bikorwa byabonetse muri Atlanta, nkigikorwa rusange. Benshi mubagera ku 20.000 bitabiriye baribakuru bakuze bitabiriye Freakniks yemewe yomuri 80 na 90. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2019 |title=Freaknik to return after a 20-year absence |url=https://www.11alive.com/article/news/entertainment-news/freaknik-to-return-after-a-20-year-absence/85-17d2dcd9-4cd3-49c6-a0e7-39fc90521092 |publisher=WXIA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ruggieri |first=Melissa |title=FreakNik promoter explains the return of the Atlanta event |url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/music/freaknik-promoter-explains-the-return-the-atlanta-event/7oYd3JJuROpzUKucQ6tZQI/ |website=ajc}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 21, 2019 |title=Freaknik is back in Atlanta |url=https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/freaknik-is-back-in-atlanta}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Freaknik must find new location after contract deemed 'invalid' |url=https://www.ajc.com/blog/music/freaknik-must-find-new-location-after-contract-deemed-invalid/kCBa0oOLJUbrjZNSergw3M/ |website=Atlanta Journal-Constitution}}</ref> == Mu muco == Studios ya Williams Street yakozisahimwe idasanzwe yiswe ''Freaknik: thevMusical'' ishingiye kumunsi mukuruzwi. Ikiganiro cyanyuze kuri tereviziyo y'abakuze Swim muri Werurwe 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-03 |title=The Freaknik Is Back... Sort Of &#124; DrJays.com Live &#124; Fashion. Music. Lifestyle |url=http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2010/01/03/the-freaknik-is-back-sort-of/ |access-date=2016-07-15 |website=Live.drjays.com |archive-date=2016-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160707105242/http://live.drjays.com/index.php/2010/01/03/the-freaknik-is-back-sort-of/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igihembwe cya kabiri igice ''cyamamare'' kirangimiterere Mary Cherry agira ati "Nagiye i Freaknik murihotlanta mpindura nyina" ubwoyashimishijwe nibikorwa byebyokuruhuka. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 30, 2007 |title=[WB's Popular] Killer stalks Mary Cherry |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JuUoNwWwmd4 |via=www.youtube.com}}</ref> Igihembwe igice kimwe ''cyubuzima nyabwo'' cyakurikiranyabanyeshuri bakaminuza mugihe cya Freaknik ya 1998. Igihembwe cya gatandatu igice cya ''Mushikiwabo, Mushikiwabo'' yanditse amateka y'urugendo rwa Tia na Tamera kuva Michigan kugera Atlanta yerekeza Freaknik hamwenabagenzi babobomuri kaminuza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=FreakNik |url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0701719/ |via=www.imdb.com}}</ref> Muri mixtape ye " STN MTN / Kauai ", Childish Gambino afunguravuga koyari afite inzozi zokuyobora Atlanta akazagarura azagarura Freaknik. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 2, 2014 |title=Childish Gambino - STN MTN (Full Mixtape) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OW9N0jwWUgw/ |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250124051130/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OW9N0jwWUgw/ |archive-date=2025-01-24 |via=www.youtube.com |access-date=2025-09-25 }}</ref> Kuri "Hair Day", igicecyacumi narimwe cyigihembwe cya gatandatu cyurukurikirane rwa ABC rwitwa ''Black-ish'', Dre ahishurira umuhungu we Jack ko nkumusore yakubiswe murubyiniro n’umuntu wazanye ifirimbi ye mu birori, ibyo bikaba byarakaje umujinya w’umuhungu we mukuru, Junior, wemeza ko Dre yamubwiye ati "Ibibera kuri Freaknik biguma i Freaknik." Tom Wolfe yerekeje kuri Freaknik / Freaknic mugitabo cye "A Man in full" - muntangiriro ahagana kurupapuro rwa 17, igice "Chocolate Mecca" ariko n'ahandi. Freaknik avugwa mundirimbo za rap kuvamumyaka ya za 90 nomuntangiriro ya 2000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lyrics containing the term: FREAKNIK |url=https://www.lyrics.com/lyrics/FREAKNIK}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 8, 2019 |title=BHM: Remembering hip hop's woodstock, freaknik |url=https://afropunk.com/2019/02/bhm-remembering-hip-hops-woodstock-freaknik/ |access-date=September 25, 2025 |archive-date=August 8, 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808015240/https://afropunk.com/2019/02/bhm-remembering-hip-hops-woodstock-freaknik/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Beyoncé avugakuri Freaknik 1996 mundirimbo ye “THIQUE,” yasohotse kuri ''Renaissance'' mu 2022. Hulu yasohoye documentaire yitwa ''Freaknik: Ishyaka rya Wildest Never Never Told.'' muri Werurwe 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 20, 2024 |title=Freaknik: The iconic Atlanta street party revisited in Hulu documentary |url=https://www.11alive.com/article/news/local/freaknik-hulu-documentary-jermaine-dupri-atlanta/85-fbc99567-bf6c-4b42-bb5f-1a18175f2c8b}}</ref> == Reba kandi ==   * ''Freaknik: Umuziki'' * Icyumweru cya Beach Beach, ibirori byabasimbuye * Umujyi wa Magic (club) '''Rusange:''' * Abanyamerika Banyafurika muri Atlanta * Urutonde rwibirori byumuziki wa hip hop == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lu4uzjwvi90iaumdh3mgehsbw0td1gc 0 20551 139049 124503 2026-09-23T01:00:40Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139049 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gorillas Revisited''' ni documenteri ya BBC 2006 yakinwe numukinnyi wumunyamerika Sigourney Weaver . Uruhare ni umuhamagaro wo kwerekana [[Dian Fossey]] muri ''Gorillas mu gihu'' (1988). <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |date=July 1, 2006 |title=Exclusive Interview with Sigourney Weaver |url=https://gorillafund.org/exclusive-interview-with-sigourney-weaver/ |website=Dian Fossey}}</ref> == Umugambi == Iyi documenteri ishingiye kubuzima bwa primatologue nu kubungabunga ibidukikije [[Dian Fossey]], byavuzwe na Weaver. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gorillas Revisited with Sigourney Weaver &#124; TV Guide |url=https://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/gorillas-revisited-with-sigourney-weaver/281755 |website=TVGuide.com |access-date=2025-09-25 |archive-date=2015-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151204083448/http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/gorillas-revisited-with-sigourney-weaver/281755/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Umusaruro == Iyi documenteri yafatiwe amashusho mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="auto"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Gorillas Revisited at IMDb 3p7t2arx3ksovpvrgmyg1p3crlcd88a 0 20562 139298 124609 2026-09-23T07:43:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Chief Daddy''''' ni filime y’ikinamico yo muri Nijeriya yo muri 2018 iyobowe na Niyi Akinmolayan, yanditswe na Bode Asiyanbi ikorwa na [[Mosunmola Abudu]] na Temidayo Abudu, yasohotse muKuboza <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief Daddy - EbonyLife Films |url=https://ebonylifefilms.com/chief-daddy/ |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Ebonylifefilms.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chief Daddy - Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81074015 |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Netflix.com}}</ref>Iyifilime yakinnye nabakinnyi bakomeye ba Nollywood barimo Funke Akindele Bello, Kate Henshaw, Nkem Owoh, Joke Silva, Patience Ozokwor, Richard Mofe Damijo ndetse na Racheal Oniga <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 March 2019 |title=Brace Yourselves! "Chief Daddy" Is Coming To Netflix |url=https://guardian.ng/life/brace-yourselves-chief-daddy-is-coming-to-netflix/ |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Guardian.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2018 |title=Chief Daddy full movie cast (2018 Nigerian film) |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8pdDgKlZJ4 |access-date=20 May 2019 |publisher=[[YouTube]]}}</ref> == Ikibanza == ''Chief Daddy'' ivuga ku umuherwe w’inganda, Chief Beecroft, ukora nk'umugiraneza kumuryango mugari wa benewabo, abakozi bo murugo, na ba nyirabuja. Yapfuye bitunguranye, bigaterza saga mumiryango yeyose. <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 December 2018 |title=Chief Daddy could have been so much more but at least it will make you laugh a little |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/chief-daddy-could-have-been-so-much-more-but-at-least-it-will-make-you-laugh-a-little/t9gj3y6 |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Pulse.ng}}</ref> == Abakinnyi ==   == Kuyerekana no Kuyisohora == ''Chief Daddy'' yarekuwe muriNijeriya kuya 14 Ukuboza 2018 nomuri [[Ubuholandi|Buholandi]] kuya 15 Werurwe 2019 abinyujije kuri Netflix. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 December 2018 |title=Chief Daddy grosses N115.7 million in the first ten days of release |url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/chief-daddy-grosses-n1157-million-in-the-first-ten-days-of-release/5s42qb8 |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Pulse.ng |archive-date=17 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517165838/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/chief-daddy-grosses-n1157-million-in-the-first-ten-days-of-release/5s42qb8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ] <ref>{{Cite web |title=EbonyLife Films' Chief Daddy Netflix release party - EbonyLife TV |url=http://ebonylifetv.com/ebonylife-films-chief-daddy-netflix-release-party/ |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Ebonylifetv.com}}</ref>Iyifilime yatangarijwe bwa mbere muri Oriental Hotel i Lagos, ahari hateraniye ibyamamare bya sinema byomuri Nollywood birenga 40. Muribo harimo abakinnyi bakomeye nka Olu Jacobs, Joke Silva ndetse na Richard Mofe Damijo <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2018 |title=Nigerian traditional outfits take centre-stage at ‘Chief Daddy’ premiere |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/298754-nigerian-traditional-outfits-take-centre-stage-at-chief-daddy-premiere.html |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> Nyuma yaje kwinjiza N387.5 million naira muri Box office N387.5 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 20 WA Films of 2019 |url=https://www.ceanigeria.com/box-office/2019-overall/122-top-20-wa-films-of-2019 |access-date=7 January 2020 |archive-date=20 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200920142948/https://ceanigeria.com/box-office/2019-overall/122-top-20-wa-films-of-2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inguzanyo z'isosiyete n'abayitanga == Iyifilime yakozwe na Ebony Life Films igurishwa na Film One Entertainment muriNijeriya na Netflix mu Buholandi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 March 2019 |title=Netflix acquires ‘Chief Daddy’ – Tribune Online – Friday Treat |url=https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/194945/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190517165832/https://www.tribuneonlineng.com/194945/ |archive-date=17 May 2019 |access-date=20 May 2019 |website=Tribuneonlinemg.com}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} 87jidf3a33h21s9qm061fdukaf2lk45 0 20571 139123 132263 2026-09-23T02:38:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139123 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Neil Joseph William Sandilands''' numukinnyi w'Afurika yepfo, afatamashusho, numucuranzi uzwiho kugaruka kenshi kuri ''Hap na Leonard ,'' ''The 100'', <nowiki><i id="mwFA">Flash</i></nowiki> season 4 nka Clifford DeVoe / The Thinker . Yakinnye kandi Jenerali Abbott mu ''menyo meza'', ahabwa igihembo cy’abana n’umuryango Emmy kubera igihembo cyiza cyo gushyigikira imikorere . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Coates |first=Tyler |title=Children's & Family Emmy Awards: Disney Dominates Nominations |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/childrens-family-emmy-awards-nominations-2023-1235635652/ |access-date=7 November 2023 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]]}}</ref> == Umwuga == Sandilands yatangiye umwugawe mugihugu cyecy'[[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] kandi akina mumishinga itandukanye, harimo na televiziyo ''7de Laan'', ahoyerekanaga imico Bart Kruger kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2007. Amaze kurangiza imirimo ye kuri ''7de Laan'', yimukiye i Los Angeles, muri Californiya mu 2007. Mu gihe yari i Los Angeles, Sandilands yagaragaye cyane mu ''rukurikirane'' rw'amakinamico y'Abanyamerika. Nyumayaje gusubira muri Afurika y'Epfo agaragara muri filime nyinshi zizwi cyane [[Ikinyafurikansi|zo muri Afurika]], harimo ikinamico yegukanye ibihembo ''Die Ballade van Robbie de Wee'' . Muricyigihe, Sandilands yakoraga indi mirimo nk'umusaruro n'ubwubatsi kugira ngo abone ibimutunga, yigeze kuvuga ati: "Nagombaga gusubira mu yandi masomo nko kuyobora no nyuma y’umusaruro ndetse rimwe na rimwe nkubaka uruzitiro ku baturanyi banjye cyangwa ibindi bikorwa bimwe na bimwe bitavugwa kugira ngw'ikirura kidahungabana", Sandilands yagize ati: <ref name="Life">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=CD |date=2 March 2016 |title=South African actor lands roles in two US series |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/neil-sandilands-in-hollywood-020316 |website=Brand South Aftrica |access-date=27 September 2025 |archive-date=20 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210520055856/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/neil-sandilands-in-hollywood-020316 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="House">{{Cite web |last=Haden |first=Alexis |date=2 March 2016 |title=Bart from 7de Laan lands two roles in United States series |url=https://www.thesouthafrican.com/bart-from-7de-laan-lands-two-roles-in-united-states-series/ |website=The South African |access-date=27 September 2025 |archive-date=28 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628102101/https://www.thesouthafrican.com/bart-from-7de-laan-lands-two-roles-in-united-states-series/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Sandilands yagarutse mur'Amerika muri 2014. mu 2015, Sandilands yashyize umushyitsi kuri hitFX series ''The Americans.yarafite inshingano nka'' Titus muThe CW's ''The 100'' nka Paco muri SundanceTV's ''Hap and Leonard''. mu 2017, Sandilands yagize uruhare rwabashyitsi mugihe cyirekire. CBS series ''NCIS'' mazeyinjira mubakinnyi bakomeye CW superhero drama ''The Flash'' as Clifford DeVoe / The Thinker. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B;''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></nowiki>''&#x5D;</sup> Muri Kanama 2022, Sandilands yakinnye muri filime ''y'Ubwami bw'Umubumbe wa Apes'', filime ihagarariwe na Wes Ball kuri Studiyo yomu kinyejana cya 20 . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Grobar |first=Matt |date=25 October 2022 |title='Kingdom Of The Planet Of The Apes' Adds Five |url=https://deadline.com/2022/10/kingdom-of-the-planet-of-the-apes-adds-five-1235154551/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025185507/https://deadline.com/2022/10/kingdom-of-the-planet-of-the-apes-adds-five-1235154551/ |archive-date=25 October 2022 |access-date=25 October 2022 |website=[[Deadline Hollywood]]}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Sandilands ivuga [[Ikinyafurikansi|Afurika]] [[Icyongereza|n'Icyongereza]] . <ref name="Life"/> == Amashusho == === Gukina === ==== Filime ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2004 | ''Proteus'' | Rijkhaart Jacobz | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kehr |first=Dave |date=30 July 2004 |title=FILM IN REVIEW; 'Proteus' |url=https://mobile.nytimes.com/2004/07/30/movies/film-in-review-proteus.html |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref name="TVG">{{Cite web |title=Neil Sandilands |url=https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/neil-sandilands/credits/167743/ |access-date=5 May 2018 |website=[[TVGuide]] |archive-date=28 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128082624/https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/neil-sandilands/credits/167743/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | 2010 | ''Jakhalsdans'' | Dawid le Fleur | Umuyobozi wungirije <ref name="SACredits">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=CD |date=27 July 2017 |title=South African actors join The Flash TV series |url=https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/south-african-actors-join-the-flash-tv-series |website=Brand South Aftrica |access-date=27 September 2025 |archive-date=25 July 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210725130730/https://www.brandsouthafrica.com/people-culture/south-african-actors-join-the-flash-tv-series |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2011 | ''Umwijima uri hafi'' | Bwana Lemoy | Mugufi |- | 2012 | ''Iheruka'' | Frank McCintosh | |- | rowspan="6" | 2013 | ''Gupfa Tango'' | Kaptein Etlinger | |- | ''Lucy & Janie'' | Se wa Lucy | Mugufi |- | ''Hoe Duur Yari De Suiker'' | Reinder Almersma | |- | ''Musiek vir apfa Agtergrond'' | Freddy | |- | ''Gupfa Ballade van Robbie de Wee'' | Len van Jaarsveld | <ref name="SACredits" /> |- | ''Umugabo mumuhanda ni mwiza usigaye wenyine'' | | Mugufi |- | 2015 | ''Blackhat'' | Icyambu | (bitemewe) |- | 2018 | ''Frank na Ava'' | Zinnemann | |- | rowspan="2" | 2019 | ''Ikiyaga cya Coyote'' | Dirk | |- | ''Drone'' | Uhohotera | |- | 2020 | ''Amakuru y'Isi'' | Wilhelm Leonberger | |- | 2021 | ''Intego Marfa'' | Norman | DVD, Amazone, VUDU |- | rowspan="2" | 2024 | ''Kwica'' | Umukungugu | |- | ''Ubwami bw'umubumbe w'inguge'' | Koro <ref name="Empire">{{Cite web |last=Jolin |first=Dan |date=21 December 2023 |title='Animal Kingdom' |url=https://members.empireonline.com/read/feb-24/animal-kingdom |access-date=21 December 2022 |website=[[Empire Magazine]]}}</ref> | Uruhare rwo gufata |} ==== Televiziyo ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 1991 | ''Meester'' | Bertus Conradie | |- | 1992 | ''Konings'' | Dolf - 1950 | |- | 1999 | ''Soutmansland'' | | |- | 2000–07 | ''7de Laan'' | Bart Kruger | <ref name="SACredits"/> |- | 2004 | ''Kunyaza'' | Jan Pieter | |- | rowspan="2" | 2006 | ''Orion'' | Zatopek Van Heerden | |- | ''Jozi-H'' | Gusunika ibiyobyabwenge 2006 | Igice: "Kumenagura" |- | 2008 | ''Umunsi mukuru w'abatumiwe'' | Daantjie van Wyk | Igice: "Ikarita Itukura" |- | 2010 | ''Inzu'' | Kapiteni Vanderhoof | Igice: " Igisimba ku nzu yacu " <ref name="TVG"/> <ref name="House"/> |- | 2011 | ''Gushimuta & Gutabara'' | Sam | Igice: "Itsinda Rishinzwe Gutabara Ingwate" |- | 2013 | ''Zochose'' | Umuhanga | Igice: "Urubanza 05: Iherezo" |- | 2015 | ''Abanyamerika'' | Eugene Venter | Ibice 2 ( igihe cya 3 ) <ref name="Credits" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | ''100'' | Tito | Ibice 6; Uruhare rusubirwamo ( igihe cya 3 ) <ref name="Credits" /> |- | ''Hap na Leonard'' | Paco | Ibice 5; Uruhare rusubirwamo (igihe cya 1) <ref name="Credits" /> |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | ''Salamander'' | Jack Wang | Umudereva udakenewe <ref name="Credits">{{Cite web |last=Andreeva |first=Nellie |date=9 March 2017 |title=Larenz Tate To Topline ABC Drama Pilot 'Salamander', Neil Sandilands Also Cast |url=https://deadline.com/2017/03/larenz-tate-star-salamander-drama-pilot-neil-sandilands-cast-1202040434/ |website=[[Deadline Hollywood|Deadline]]}}</ref> <ref name="TVG" /> |- | ''NCIS'' | Hendric Kruger | Igice: " Willoughby " <ref name="TVG" /> |- | 2017–18 | ''Flash'' | Clifford DeVoe / Utekereza | Abakinnyi bakomeye ( igihe cya 4 ) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Debnath |first=Neela |date=22 March 2018 |title=The Flash season 4 cast: Who is in the cast of The Flash? |url=https://www.express.co.uk/showbiz/tv-radio/935530/The-Flash-season-4-cast-actors-DC-Comics-CW-Arrowverse-Grant-Gustin-Candice-Patton |website=[[Daily Express|Express]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" | 2021 | ''DAM'' | Bernoldus | Abakinnyi Bakuru |- | ''Amenyo meza'' | Jenerali Abbot | Ibice 12 |} ==== Imikino ya videwo ==== {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2015 | ''Ibyuma Byuma Bikomeye V: Ububabare bwa Phantom'' | Abasirikare / Inyongera | Uruhare rw'ijwi |- |} === Akandi kazi === {| class="wikitable sortable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2010 | ''Jakhalsdans'' | Umuyobozi wungirije | Filime, kandi umukinnyi |- | rowspan="2" | 2011 | ''Impeshyi na George'' | Muhinduzi | Filime ngufi |- | ''Umunyamahanga muri Parike'' | Umuyobozi ushinzwe gufotora | Filime |- | 2012 | ''Gukemura: Imiyoboro yo Kohereza Ihahamuka'' | Umwanditsi w'inkuru, umwanditsi, andi mafoto | Inyandiko |- | rowspan="2" | 2013 | ''Amakipe y'Ikipe: Gutsinda Ibibazo Byumubiri'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Video ngufi |- | ''Kumera'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer nyobozi, producer, umwanditsi, umwanditsi wijwi | Filime ngufi |- | rowspan="2" | 2014 | ''Misa y'umubiri'' | Muhinduzi, amabara, umwanditsi wijwi & uwashushanyije | Filime ngufi |- | ''Ihene Inzozi'' | Umukinnyi wa sinema | Filime ngufi |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''Ifirimbi ivuza / Amazi-Amazi'' | Umuyobozi, umwanditsi | Filime |- | ''Guhura na Jenny'' | Muhinduzi, umwanditsi w'ijwi | Filime ngufi |- | 2017 | ''Urubura'' | Umuyobozi mukuru, umwanditsi, umwanditsi wijwi | Filime |- |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} m1gc5a9nnihdrpdclk3x519oabl4qqi 0 20576 139313 133834 2026-09-23T07:45:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139313 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sira''''' ni filime yikinamico yakozwe muri 2023 yanditswe kandi iyoborwa na Apolline Traoré ikinwamo na Nafissatou Cissé, Mike Danon, Lazare Minoungou, Nathalie Vairac na Ruth Werner. Iyifilime yerekana inkuru yumusore winzererezi witwa Sira, nyuma yigitero simusiga yanze kumanika atarwanye ahubwo agahagurukira kurwanya iterabwoba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Traoré |first=Apolline |date=18 January 2023 |title=Sira |url=https://cineuropa.org/film/438366/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en}}</ref> Nubufatanye hagati ya Burkina Faso, Senegali, Ubufaransa n'Ubudage. Yabaye iyambere kwisi ku ya 21 Gashyantare 2023 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 73 rya [[Berlin]], <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=18 January 2023 |title=The Berlinale adds new titles to Berlinale Special and rounds off its Berlinale Series, Panorama and Generation line-ups |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/436996 |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en |archive-date=10 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231210080149/https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/436996/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ahoyatsindiye igihembo cya Panorama Audience Award kubera Filime nziza. <ref name="paa:berlinale">{{Cite web |date=25 February 2023 |title=The Panorama Audience Awards Go to Sira by Apolline Traoré and Kokomo City by D. Smith |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/news-press-releases/239395.html |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> Yatoranijwe nkuwinjira muriBurkinabé mubyiciro byiza bya Filime mpuzamahanga byerekana ibihembo bya 96 bya Academy. Burkina <ref name="el:variety">{{Cite news |last=Clayton Davis |date=December 7, 2023 |title=Academy Announces 288 Eligible Titles for Animated, Documentary and International Feature Oscar Races |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/awards/oscars-eligibility-animated-documentary-international-feature-2023-1235827670/ |access-date=December 7, 2023 |work=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en}}</ref> filime ku <ref name="24:lead">{{Cite web |last=Prisca F. Konkobo |date=15 September 2023 |title=Cinéma : le film « Sira » de Apolline Traoré représentera le Burkina Faso aux Oscars |trans-title=Cinema: the film “Sira” by Apolline Traoré will represent Burkina Faso at the Oscars |url=https://www.24heures.bf/cinema-le-film-sira-de-apolline-traore-representera-le-burkina-faso-aux-oscars/ |access-date=17 October 2023 |website=24heures |language=fr |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018055249/https://www.24heures.bf/cinema-le-film-sira-de-apolline-traore-representera-le-burkina-faso-aux-oscars/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> mbere kuva mu 1989. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 December 2023 |title=96th Oscars Shortlists Announced for 10 Categories |url=https://aframe.oscars.org/news/post/96th-oscars-shortlists |access-date=22 December 2023 |website=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences |language=en}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Filime yashyizwe muri Sahel ivuga amateka yumukobwa ukirimuto wa Fulani, Sira, wagiye guhura numukwe we, Jean-Sidi. Mu buryo butunguranye, wenumuryango we batewe niterabwoba. Abagabo bose bararashwe maze umuyobozi wagatsiko, Yéré, afata Sira aramusambanya. Asigaye apfira mubutayu, Sira yisanga wenyine maze ahungira mubuvumo ubwo yambaraga gahunda yo kubaho. == Abakinnyi == [[Dosiye:Sira_Berlinale_2023_03.jpg|thumb|Abakinnyi n'abakozi ba ''Sira'' kuri Berlinale]] * Nafissatou Cissé nka Sira * Mike Danon nka Moustapha * Lazare Minoungou nka Yere * Nathalie Vairac nka Aissatou * Ruth Werner nka Kemi * Abdramane Barry nka Jean Sidi * Ildevert Meda nka Karim * Oumou Ba nka Djamila * Seydou Diallo nka Tidiane * Moïse Tiemtore nka Faysal == Ukoyakozwe == Iyifilime yahawe inkunga nikigega cyisi cya Sinema (WCF Africa Programme) yamayero 39.000 mu Gushyingo <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2023 |title=Sira, Spielfilm 2021-2023 |trans-title=Sira, Feature Film 2021-2023 |url=https://www.crew-united.com/de/Sira__293444.html |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Crew United |language=de}}</ref> Umukinnyi wambere, Nafissatou Cissé yatoranijwe mubakobwa barenga 1.000, bagenzuwe. Yafatiwe amashusho yose muri [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], Amajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Vena |first=Teresa |date=25 February 2023 |title=Apolline Traoré • Director of Sira |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/interview/439247/ |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en}}</ref> == Kurekura == ''Sira'' yagaragaye bwa mbere kuya 21 Gashyantare 2023, murwego rwo kwerekana iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 73 rya Berlin, muri Panorama. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=18 January 2023 |title='The Siren' to Open Berlinale's Panorama Strand, Jafar Panahi, Joan Baez, Fan Bingbing, George MacKay Feature in Selections |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/jafar-panahi-joan-baez-fan-bingbing-berlin-panorama-1235492962/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> yatumiwe mwi iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo bya Panafrican 2023 rya [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], mumarushanwa yabaye kuva kuya 25 Gashyantare 2023 kugeza kuya 4 Werurwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beti Ellerson |date=28 January 2023 |title=African Women in Cinema : Apolline Traoré: Sira - Berlinale et Fespaco - 2023 |url=https://africanwomenincinema.blogspot.com/2023/01/apolline-traore-sira.html |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=African Women in Cinema |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2023 |title=Durban International Film Festival 2023 Announces Opening And Closing Films |url=https://ccadiff.ukzn.ac.za/durban-international-film-festival-2023-announces-opening-and-closing-films/ |access-date=29 October 2023 |website=Durban International Film Festival |language=en}}</ref> mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya 44 rya Durban <ref name="acc:pib">{{Cite news |date=6 November 2023 |title=54th International Film Festival of India to be held from 20th to 28th November in Goa |url=https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1975005 |access-date=14 November 2023 |publisher=PIB |via=press release}}</ref> 20 Nyakanga <ref name="prog:sbiff">{{Cite news |date=January 17, 2024 |title=2024 Program Announcement |url=https://sbiff.org/2024-program-announcement/ |access-date=January 17, 2024 |publisher=SBIFF |language=en}}</ref> Kuya 14 Gashyantare 2023, havuzwe ko sosiyete yokugurisha ikorera mumujyi wa Paris Wide yabonye uburenganzira kwisi yose. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Leffler |first=Rebecca |date=14 February 2023 |title=Wide acquires Apolline Traoré's Berlinale Panorama feature 'Sira' (exclusive) |url=https://www.screendaily.com/news/wide-acquires-apolline-traores-berlinale-panorama-feature-sira-exclusive/5179083.article |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=[[ScreenDaily]] |language=en}}</ref> Izitabira amarushanwa mpuzamahanga mwi iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya 39 Mons ryabaye kuva kuya 8 kugeza kuya 16 Werurwe 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Engelen |first=Aurore |date=11 March 2024 |title=The curtain rises on the 39th Mons Love International Film Festival |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/458282 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=[[Cineuropa]] |language=en}}</ref> == Kwakira == Vladan Petkovic asubiramo Cineuropa yashimye Nafissatou Cissé yanditse ati: "Cissé ni wefata abitabiriye igitaramo cyecyose, bigatuma iyi filime ibambi cyane kuruta uburyo bwo kwihorera kugahato." Petkovic yashimye umuyobozi Apolline Traoré hamwe numukinnyi womuri sinema Nicolas Berteyac "koreografiya igoye yabantu benshi, [[inyamaswa]] nimodoka zigaragaza amashusho menshi". Yashimye umwanditsi Sylvie Gadmer, we yagize ati: "ubahuza ubushishozi [amafuti] n’abakunzi ba hafi," ndetse n’umuhimbyi Cyril Morin, kubera "amanota yatanzwe neza". Kuri iyifilime Petkovic yagize ati: "Traoré yateguye inkuru mu buryo bwubwenge kandi bw'inyangamugayo", yashyizwe ahantu nyaburanga "hamwe numugore womuri Afurika w'umunyarugomo nkintwari irwanya ibibazo byose". Yongeyeho, ibyo byose bituma iba "filime idasanzwe yo muri Afurika yorohereza abayireba kurwego mpuzamahanga." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Petkovic |first=Vladan |date=27 February 2023 |title=Review: Sira |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/439269/ |access-date=27 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en}}</ref> == Amashimwe == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Igihembo ! Itariki ! Icyiciro ! Uwakiriye ! Igisubizo ! Ref. |- ! scope="row" | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Berlin | 25 Gashyantare 2023 | Panorama Abumva Igihembo cya Filime nziza | rowspan="5" | ''Sira''| {{Won}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref name="paa:berlinale"/> |- ! scope="row" | Amnesty International Film Awards | 25 Gashyantare 2023 | Igihembo cya Amnesty ya Berlinale| {{Nom}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 February 2023 |title=20 Berlinale-Filme Für Den Amnesty-Filmpreis 2023 Nominiert |trans-title=20 Berlinale Films Nominated for the Amnesty Film Awards 2023 |url=https://www.amnesty.de/informieren/aktuell/berlinale-filme-nominiert-amnesty-filmpreis-2023 |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Amnesty International |language=de}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | FESPACO | 28 FESPACO (2023) | Étalon d'argent de Yennenga| {{Won}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref name="24:lead"/> |- ! scope="row" | Sinema Yisi Amsterdam | 28 Kanama 2023 | Igihembo cya Sinema ku Isi 2023| {{Won}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref name="24:lead" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Deen |first=Rolf |date=28 August 2023 |title=World Cinema Exchange Award 2023 |url=https://www.inter-film.org/artikel/world-cinema-exchange-award-2023/11894 |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=Inter–film |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 August 2023 |title=Feestelijke afsluiting van 13e editie van World Cinema Amsterdam |trans-title=Festive closing of the 13th edition of World Cinema Amsterdam |url=https://worldcinemaamsterdam.nl/nl/nieuws/249/feestelijke-afsluiting-van-13e-editie-van-world-cinema-amsterdam |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=World Cinema Amsterdam |language=nl |archive-date=27 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230927193442/https://worldcinemaamsterdam.nl/nl/nieuws/249/feestelijke-afsluiting-van-13e-editie-van-world-cinema-amsterdam |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime mu Buhinde | 28 Ugushyingo 2023 | IFFI ICFT UNESCO Umudari wa Gandhi| {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" | <ref name="acc:pib"/> |- |} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabashyikirijwe ibihembo bya 96 bya Academy ya Filime Nziza Mpuzamahanga * Urutonde rwatanzwe na Burkinabé kubihembo bya Academy ya Filime mpuzamahanga nziza == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Sira at IMDb  * [https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/programme/202304143.html ''Sira''] at Berlinale * [https://www.crew-united.com/de/Sira__293444.html ''Sira''] at Crew United i9b2t20v39v1y5prt4zm2k3b207apgy 0 20584 139341 126616 2026-09-23T07:49:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139341 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Nimbe''''' uzwi kandi ku izina rya '''''Nimbe: Filime''''' nifilime yi ikinamico yomuri Nigeriya yakozwe 2019 iyobowe na Tope Alake. Muriiyi filime hagaragaramo Chimezie Imo, Toyin Abraham, Rachael Okonkwo na Doyin Abiola. Uruhare rwumutwe rukinishwa numukinnyi wa <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-04 |title=Odunlade Adekola, other actors expose problems of drug abuse in 'Nimbe' |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/odunlade-adekola-other-actors-expose-problems-of-drug-abuse-in-nimbe/ |access-date=2019-10-29 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> Imo kandi inkuru ishingiye kubiyobyabwenge. Iyifilime yasohotse mu ikinamico muri Nijeriya kuya 29 Werurwe 2019 kandi yakiriwe neza nabayinenga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agboola |first=Pelumi |date=2019-04-04 |title=NIMBE — A Visual Decode of Vulnerable Teenage Boys (Movie Review) |url=https://medium.com/@pelumiwrites/nimbe-a-visual-decode-of-vulnerable-teenage-boys-movie-review-b75365b50429 |access-date=2019-10-29 |website=Medium |language=en}}</ref> Filime yabaye ibihembo byinshi muri office kandiyari imwemuri firime zatsinzwe muri Nigeriya mu mwaka wa 2019 . Kurubu filime ifite umwanya wa 59 kurutonde rusange rwamafilime yinjije menshi muri Nijeriya. Iyi filime kandi yatorewe igihembo cyibirori bya Filime Nollywood yo mu Bwongereza 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-10-03 |title=Six Nollywood movies nominated for 2019 UK film festival award |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/355899-six-nollywood-movies-nominated-for-2019-uk-film-festival-award.html |access-date=2019-10-29 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Chimezie Imo nka Nimbe * Toyin Abraham nka Uduak (nyina wa Nimbe) * Rachael Okonkwo nka Mira * Doyin Abiola nka Peju * Odunlade Adekola nka Bayo * Sani Musa Danja nka Abu * [[Molawa Davis]] nka Ralph * Kelechi Udegbe nka AK * Broda Shaggi nka Ginja * Bukola Beecroft-Shofola nka Madamu Kpokobri == Inyandiko == Insanganyamatsiko yiyi firime ivuga ku umuhungu wumuyangavu Nimbe (Chimezie Imo) uhora asetsa bagenzi be ariko kubwamahirwe akabona ihumure, urukundo. ibintu byajeguhinduka mugihe yamenyeshejwe inzira iteje akaga yo gucuruza ibiyobyabwenge biba impinduka mubuzima bwe. Yiboneye kandi ahamya ibibazo biherekeza, inzitizi ningaruka zijyanye nokunywa ibiyobyabwenge. <ref>{{Cite web |last=nollywoodreinvented |date=2019-03-29 |title=COMING SOON: Nimbe |url=https://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2019/03/coming-soon-nimbe.html |access-date=2019-10-29 |website=Nollywood REinvented |language=en-US}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Nimbe at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130161720/https://upreviews.net/m/nimbe-the-movie-2019 Nimbe] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20241130161720/https://upreviews.net/m/nimbe-the-movie-2019 movie reviews] on [https://web.archive.org/web/20250905155627/https://upreviews.net/ UPreviews] bowa8udb6djquded07ca3mvh33a645s 0 20587 139288 134497 2026-09-23T07:38:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139288 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Shadow Parties''''' ni film yinkinamico ya politiki yomuri Nigeriya 2021 yayobowe kandi yakozwe na Yemi Amodu. Muriyi filime hagaragaramo Yemi Blaq, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, Toyin Abraham, Jide Kosoko, Sola Sobowale, Magdalena Korpas, na Lucien Morgan. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2019 |title=Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, Sola Sobowale feature in 'Shadow Parties' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-sola-sobowale-feature-in-shadow-parties/3s1xeqw |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912002252/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/omotola-jalade-ekeinde-sola-sobowale-feature-in-shadow-parties/3s1xeqw |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 May 2019 |title=New Movie Shadow Parties to Tackle Communal Clashes |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/05/17/new-movie-shadow-parties-to-tackle-communal-clashes/ |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=6 December 2018 |title=Anticipate! Toyin Abraham, Omotola Jalade-Ekeinde, Segun Arinze, Jide Kosoko to star in 'Shadow Parties' {{!}} Teaser |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/12/anticipate-toyin-abraham-omotola-jalade-ekeinde-segun-arinze-jide-kosoko-to-star-in-shadow-parties-teaser/ |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=BellaNaija |language=en-US}}</ref> Yerekanwe kuri Netflix kuya 6 Nzeri 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2021 |title=Nollywood Movie, 'Shadow Parties' is Now on Netflix |url=https://mediarants.com/nollywood-movie-shadow-parties-is-now-on-netflix/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210909144222/https://mediarants.com/nollywood-movie-shadow-parties-is-now-on-netflix/ |archive-date=9 September 2021 |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=Media Rants |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shadow Parties {{!}} Netflix |url=https://www.netflix.com/title/81435739 |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=www.netflix.com |language=en}}</ref> == Umugambi == Iyi filime ishingiye kumakimbirane asanzwe aho Aremu ukomoka mu mujyi wa Aje, umujyi uturanye na Iludun, arinaho umugore we Arike yavukiye, uzwi cyane muntambara zabavandimwe, zahitanye ubuzima bwababyeyi ba Arike. Iyi mijyi yombi yajugunywe mu ntambara nyuma yuko bene wabo ba Aremu bahisemo gutwika umugore we numwana we ari muzima bavuga kari umwanzi waje gutera ibiterobyo kwihorera biturutse kuri Iludun iyobowe na Lowo, murumuna wa Arike. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 June 2019 |title=Omotola leads cast in new movie 'Shadow Parties' |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/06/omotola-leads-cast-in-new-movie-shadow-parties/ |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 May 2019 |title=Nollywood, Hollywood team up in the new movie ''Shadow Parties'' {{!}} Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/330859-nollywood-hollywood-team-up-in-new-movie-shadow-parties.html |access-date=12 September 2021 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2021 |title='SHADOW PARTIES' An Excellent Advocacy Tool For Conflict Resolution |url=https://veracitydesk.com.ng/2021/09/09/shadow-parties-an-excellent-advocacy-tool-for-conflict-resolution/ |access-date=12 September 2021 |website=Veracity Desk |language=en-US |archive-date=12 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210912004013/https://veracitydesk.com.ng/2021/09/09/shadow-parties-an-excellent-advocacy-tool-for-conflict-resolution/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abakinnyi ==   == Gutanga ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | rowspan="2" | 2021 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya Afrika Movie Academy | Ibyagezweho mugushushanya umusaruro|{{nom}} | rowspan="2" | <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Banjo |first=Noah |date=29 October 2021 |title=FULL LIST: Ayinla, Omo Ghetto: The Saga bag multiple nominations at AMAA 2021 |url=https://punchng.com/full-list-ayinla-omo-ghetto-the-saga-bag-multiple-nominations-at-amaa-2021/ |access-date=30 October 2021 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Filime nziza ya Nigeriya|{{nom}} |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Shadow Parties at IMDb * Shadow Parties on Netflix a08lj657h5x4lyanjz1exv1j7hl3khf 0 20593 139314 137983 2026-09-23T07:45:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139314 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''All the color of the world are between Black and White''''' ni film yikinamico yo muri Nigeriya 2023 yanditswe kandi iyobowe na Babatunde Apalowo mugitangira cye cya mbere. Muri filime hagaragaramo Tope Tedela, Riyo David, Martha Ehinome Orhiere na Uchechika Elumelu. Yerekanwe mu gice cya Panorama mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya 73 rya Berlin, aho ryerekanwe bwa mbere ku isi ku ya 17 Gashyantare 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abbatescianni |first=Davide |date=18 January 2023 |title=The Berlinale adds the doc Kiss the Future to its Berlinale Special strand, plus new titles to the Panorama and Generation line-ups |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/newsdetail/436996 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Cineuropa |language=en}}</ref> kandi ryegukana igihembo cya Teddy kubera filime nziza ya LGBTQ ifite insanganyamatsiko. <ref name="teddy">{{Cite web |last=Roxborough |first=Scott |date=25 February 2023 |title=Berlin: Teddy Award for Nigerian Drama 'All The Colors in the World Are Between Black and White' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin2023-teddy-awards-nigerian-drama-all-the-colors-in-the-world-are-between-black-and-white-1235334211/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Hollywood Reporter |language=en}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Tope Tedela nka Bambino * Riyo David nka Bawa * Martha Ehinome Orhiere nka Ifeyinwa * Uchechika Elumelu nka Mama * Floyd Anekwe nka Boss == Uburyo abantu bayakiriye == Julian Janssen wo muri ObviosulyReviews yanditse kubyerekeranye no kuyobora byuzuye amashusho, byibutsa ibikorwa bya ba shebuja ba sinema Wong Kar-wai na Barry Jenkins. Yanditse ko ibyo Apalowo´ yagezeho muri filime ari ubushobozi bwe bwo guhuza abantu bavugwa no kwerekana imyumvire imwe n'imwe binyuze mu mashusho ye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-20 |title=Berlinale 2023 Review: ´All The Colours of the World Are Between Black and White´ |url=https://obviouslyreviews.wordpress.com/2023/02/20/all-the-colours-of-the-world-are-between-black-and-white/ |access-date=2024-03-16 |language=en}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Babatunde_Apalowo_and_Tope_Tedela_with_Teddy_Award,_Berlinale_2023.jpg|right|thumb|200x200px|Babatunde Apalowo na Tope Tedela, hamwe na Teddy Igihembo ''cyamabara yose yisi Ari hagati yumukara numweru'']] {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" !Igihembo ! Itariki ! Icyiciro ! Uwakiriye ! Igisubizo ! Ref. |- | rowspan="3" scope="row" | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Berlin | rowspan="3" | 25 Gashyantare 2023 | Igihembo cya Panorama cyabaterankunga kuri Filime nziza | rowspan="1" | ''Amabara Yisi Yose Ari Hagati Yumukara n'Umweru''| {{nom}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ramachandran |first=Naman |date=18 January 2023 |title='The Siren' to Open Berlinale's Panorama Strand, Jafar Panahi, Joan Baez, Fan Bingbing, George MacKay Feature in Selections |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/jafar-panahi-joan-baez-fan-bingbing-berlin-panorama-1235492962/ |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- | GWFF Igihembo Cyiza Cyambere | Babatunde Apalowo| {{nom}} | align="center" | <ref name="gwff:berlinale">{{Cite web |date=1 February 2023 |title=Films nominated for the GWFF Best First Feature Award |url=https://www.berlinale.de/en/2023/news-press-releases/232020.html |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Berlinale}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nikkhah Azad |first=Navid |date=2 February 2023 |title=GWFF Best First Feature Award Jury |url=https://www.deed.news/news/press-release/gwff-best-first-feature-award-jury/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230214174639/https://www.deed.news/news/press-release/gwff-best-first-feature-award-jury/ |archive-date=14 February 2023 |access-date=14 February 2023 |website=Deed News |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Teddy Igihembo cya Filime nziza | ''Amabara Yisi Yose Ari Hagati Yumukara n'Umweru''| {{won}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref name="teddy">{{Cite web |last=Roxborough |first=Scott |date=25 February 2023 |title=Berlin: Teddy Award for Nigerian Drama 'All The Colors in the World Are Between Black and White' |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin2023-teddy-awards-nigerian-drama-all-the-colors-in-the-world-are-between-black-and-white-1235334211/ |access-date=25 February 2023 |website=Hollywood Reporter |language=en}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFRoxborough2023">Roxborough, Scott (25 February 2023). [https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/movies/movie-news/berlin2023-teddy-awards-nigerian-drama-all-the-colors-in-the-world-are-between-black-and-white-1235334211/ "Berlin: Teddy Award for Nigerian Drama 'All The Colors in the World Are Between Black and White'"]. ''Hollywood Reporter''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> |- | rowspan="2" | Afurika Magic Viewers 'Choice Awards | rowspan="2" | 20 Gicurasi 2023 | Umukinnyi mwiza muri Ikinamico, Filime cyangwa Urukurikirane rwa TV | Tope Tedela|{{Nom}} | rowspan="2" | <ref name="Alabi 2023">{{Cite web |last=Alabi |first=Tope |date=2023-05-20 |title=AMVCA 2023: Tobi Bakre wins Best Actor for 'Brotherhood' |url=https://punchng.com/amvca-2023-tobi-bakre-wins-best-actor-for-brotherhood/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Punch Newspapers}}</ref> <ref name="Abulude 2023">{{Cite web |last=Abulude |first=Samuel |date=2023-05-20 |title=Movie 'Anikulapo' In Harvest Of Awards At AMVCA 2023 |url=https://leadership.ng/movie-anikulapo-in-harvest-of-awards-at-amvca-2023/ |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Leadership News}}</ref> |- | Umuyobozi mwiza | Babatunde Apalowo|{{Nom}} |- | Imirongo | | Hanze | Babatunde Apalowo|{{won}} | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Complex |first=Valerie |date=2023-06-29 |title=Frameline47 Presents LGBTQ+ Filmmakers With Awards And Nearly $60K In Funding On Closing Night |url=https://deadline.com/2023/06/frameline47-lgbtq-filmmakers-awards-and-60k-in-funding-closing-night-1235427186/ |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Deadline |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Hanze kuri Film, Atlanta | | Umuyobozi mwiza | Babatunde Apalowo|{{Won}} | [https://outonfilm.org/festival/2023/awards] |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema | | Amarushanwa mashya yubuyobozi | Babatunde Apalowo|{{Nominated}} | [https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0000600/2023/1?ref_=ttawd_ev_3] [https://www.siff.net/festival/programs-2023/new-directors-competition] |- | Imvura | | Sinema nziza | David Wyte|{{Won}} | [http://raindance.org/31st-raindance-film-festival-award-winners/] |- | LesGaiCineMad | | Umuyobozi mwiza | Babatunde Apalowo|{{Won}} | [https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0005184/2023/1/] |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Afurika | | Igihembo cyihariye cy'abacamanza | Amabara Yisi Yose Ari Hagati Yumukara n'Umweru|{{Won}} | [https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/all-the-winners-of-2023-african-international-film-festival-afriff-awards/21svwsn] |- | Umunsi mukuru wa Merlinka | | Filime nziza | Amabara Yisi Yose Ari Hagati Yumukara n'Umweru|{{Nominated}} | [https://merlinka.com/awards-merlinka-festival-2023/] [https://www.imdb.com/event/ev0005233/2023/1] |- | [https://www.cinemajove.com/en/ Sinema Jove] | | Umuziki mwiza | Richard Kett Catharine Shrubshall |{{Won}} | [https://www.cinemajove.com/en/list-of-winners-38th-edition-cinema-jove/] |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} l3w7gspk1domvtedw9cu343avnq3zwl 0 20603 139466 129899 2026-09-23T09:48:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139466 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Plot for Peace''''' ni filime mbarankuru [[Afurika y’Epfo|yo muri Afrika yepfo]] 2013 yayobowe na Carlos Agulló na Mandy Jacobson. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview: Plot For Peace Co-Director Carlos Agulló |url=http://www.thefancarpet.com/NewsPage.aspx?n_id=9314 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821172642/http://www.thefancarpet.com/NewsPage.aspx?n_id=9314 |archive-date=2014-08-21 |access-date=2014-03-17 |publisher=Fan Carpet}}</ref> Iyifilime ivuga kumateka y’umucuruzi wumufaransa wavukiye muri Alijeriya Jean-Yves Ollivier muruhare rwubukonje bw’intambara -era yAbanyafurika, isinywa ryamasezerano ya Brazzaville yomu 1988 ndetse nibiganiro bijyanye nirekurwa rya Nelson Mandela. Ukoresheje amashusho ya archive <ref>{{Cite web |title=Interview: Replaying the Plot: An interview with the creators of Plot for Peace |url=https://www.flickeringmyth.com/2014/04/replaying-plot-interview-with-creators// |access-date=2014-04-03 |publisher=Flickering Myth}}</ref> ukomoka kuri apartheid -era Afurika yepfo hamwe nibazwa ryakozwe na Winnie Mandela, [[Thabo Mbeki]], [[Denis Sassou Nguesso|Denis Sassou-Nguesso]] na Mathews Phosa, Ollivier (mbere utazwi kandi witwa 'Monsieur Jacques') <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dalya Alberge |date= |title='Monsieur Jacques' reveals role in release of Nelson Mandela &#124; World news &#124; The Observer |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/19/monsieur-jacques-nelson-mandela-release |access-date=2014-04-03 |publisher=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> ryerekanwa nkumwubatsi w’ingenzi mu kuvana ingabo zabanya Cuba muri Angola muri 1987. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Francesca Steele |date=2014-03-13 |title=The mysterious Monsieur Jacques: Behind the scenes of apartheid, French businessman Jean-Yves Ollivier was a shadowy broker for peace - Africa - World |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/the-mysterious-monsieur-jacques-behind-the-scenes-of-apartheid-french-businessman-jeanyves-ollivier-was-a-shadowy-broker-for-peace-9190925.html |access-date=2014-04-03 |website=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> == Umugambi == Iyifilime ishingiye kuruhare rwa Jean-Yves Ollivier, umucuruzi ukomeye wumufaransa, mukuganira ku iherezo ryintambara y’umupaka wa Afurika yepfo ndetse nanyuma ya demokarasi ishingiye ku moko menshi muri Afurika yepfo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peter Bradshaw |date= |title=Plot for Peace review – Intriguing documentary about South Africa's secret history |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/mar/13/plot-for-peace-apartheid-south-africa-review |access-date=2014-03-13 |publisher=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" !Umunsi mukuru ! Igihugu ! Igihembo |- | FICiP Iserukiramuco Ibirori Internacional de Cine Político | [[Arijantine]] | Bwa mbere Mu Marushanwa Mpuzamahanga Yemewe (2014) |- | Festival Regards sur le cinéma du monde de Rouen [ fr ] | Ubufaransa | Igihembo cy'abacamanza kubera inyandiko nziza |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime | Amerika | Igihembo cyihariye cy'abacamanza |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya São Paulo | [[Burezile|Burezili]] | Igihembo cy'abacamanza kubera inyandiko nziza |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya São Paulo | [[Burezile|Burezili]] | Igihembo cy'abaterankunga kubera Inyandiko Nziza |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Hamptons | Amerika | Igihembo cy'amakimbirane no |- | Galway Film Fleadh | Irilande | Ibyiza mpuzamahanga byerekana neza |} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [[imdbtitle:2679680|Umugambi wamahoro]] kuri enterineti ya firime * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240219232723/https://www.plotforpeace.com/ Urubuga rwemewe] == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} 1r7nqc0ea61qsw5zfncrv6wz1ft81tc 0 20634 139415 124647 2026-09-23T09:41:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139415 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Jumbled''''' ni filime yikinamico yomuryango womuri Nigeriya ya 2019 yayobowe na Saheed Apanpa. iyiFilime yafatiwe cyane cyane i Lagos. Iyifilime yabanje kwitwa ''Entangled'' ariko yahinduwe muntangiriro za 2019 kugirango yirinde gukoresha izinarisa ryakoreshejwe nundi mukinnyi wa firime. Irimo Wale Ojo <ref>{{Cite web |last=editor |date=2019-04-20 |title='Jumbled' by Bami Gregs Pushes Sensitive Issues |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/04/20/jumbled-by-bami-gregs-pushes-sensitive-issues/ |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> Adebayo na Lilian Esoro mu nshingano zabo. Iyifilime yasohotse muri <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-04-13 |title=Lilian Esoro says it was amazing working with Femi Adebayo on the set of 'Jumbled' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lilian-esoro-speaks-on-working-with-femi-adebayo-on-jumbled/llb033g |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414123830/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/lilian-esoro-speaks-on-working-with-femi-adebayo-on-jumbled/llb033g |archive-date=2019-04-14 |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Mata 2019 kandiyakiriwe neza n'abagenzuzi == Inyandiko == ivuga kumukobwa ukirimuto urengeje imyaka 30 akomeza ubufite agahinda mumutima kugezabonye umugabo mwiza murukundo rwe, gusa ugasanga ashobora kubamubi nkabandi bagabo bose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=JUMBLED Nollywood Movie Nigeria |url=https://www.finelib.com/events/movies-and-cinemas/jumbled/1255 |access-date=2020-05-03 |website=www.finelib.com}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Lilian Esoro nka Adaeze * Airebamen Irene nka Uju * Beverly Naya nka Jasmine * Femi Adebayo nka Yinka * Eucharia Anunobi nka Madamu Ezenwa * Wale Ojo nka Bwana Sagoe * Kemigisha Harriet nka Yemisi * Kenneth Okolie nka Damilola * Emem Ufot nka Ayo == Kurekura == Abakinnyi nabakozi bamenyesheje itangazamakuru kuya 11 Mata 2019, umunsi umwe mbere yisohoka ryafirime mukwerekana muburyo bwihariye filime yabereye muri Sinema ya Silverbird. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=2019-04-12 |title=Femi Adebayo, Eucharia Anunobi, others star in new movie 'Jumbled' - Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/nollywood/325101-femi-adebayo-eucharia-anunobi-others-star-in-new-movie-jumbled.html |access-date=2020-05-03 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Jumbled at IMDb jnrz2piaug0kbo2ek3a5i2da7jdizgc 0 20649 139315 124800 2026-09-23T07:45:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139315 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''God Calling''''' ni filime yinkinamico ya gikirisitu yomuri Nigeriya yakozwe muri 2018 yanditswe kandi iyoborwa na Bodunrin 'BB' Sasore. Muriyi filime hagaragaramo Zainab Balogun, Karibi Fubara, na Richard Mofe Damijo mubakinnyi bingenzi. Iyifilime yakoze amateka mu mwaka wa 2018 ibanziriza iyinjira rya sinema mugihugu hose imaze kurenga <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-12-29 |title=Bodurin Sasore's 'God Calling' Makes History |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2018/12/29/bodurin-sasores-god-calling-makes-history/ |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=THISDAYLIVE |language=en-US}}</ref> y’icyayi cyayo kuva yasohoka ndetse ikanagaragara kuri CNN African Voices. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2019-01-07 |title=Nigerian cinemas gross over N168 million in 7 days |url=https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/nigerian-cinemas-gross-over-n168-million-in-7-days/k0nvg51 |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200722133435/https://www.pulse.ng/bi/lifestyle/nigerian-cinemas-gross-over-n168-million-in-7-days/k0nvg51 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Admin |date= |title=CNN African voices celebrates Afolayan, Sasore others |url=https://www.gloworld.com/ng/latest-news/glo-sponsored-cnn-african-voices-celebrates-afolayan-sasore-others/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=July 22, 2020 |website=Glo}}</ref> == Inyandiko == Ninkuru yogucungurwa ireba ubuzima bwa Sade, umuryangowe, hamwe nokwizera kwe binyuze mumurongo wo uhura bidasanzwe n'Imana muri ikigihe cya none. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-19 |title=The story of in-cinema movie 'God Calling' |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/the-story-of-in-cinema-movie-god-calling/ |access-date=2020-07-22 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Ademola Adedoyin nkumumarayika * Zainab Balogun nka Sade * Karibi Fubara nka Francis * Seun Ajayi nka Tope * Patrick Diabuah nkumushumba * Eku Edewor nka Asa * Diana Egwuatu nka Lola * Shawn Faqua nka Yohana * Richard Mofe Damijo nka Se wa Sade * Tina Mba nka nyina wa Sade * Onyeka Onwenu nka Nyina wa Francis * Nkem Owoh nka Se wa Francis == Kurekura == Yasohotse mumwaka wa 2018. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":0"/> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * God Calling at IMDb 54toi2csstdjs8x3xfqe2eco1o6fq48 0 20652 139434 124671 2026-09-23T09:44:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox film|name=Red Island|image=Red Island poster.jpg|alt=|caption=Release poster|director=[[Robin Campillo]]|writer={{plainlist| * Robin Campillo * [[Gilles Marchand]] }}|producer=[[Marie-Ange Luciani]]|starring={{plainlist| * [[Nadia Tereszkiewicz]] * [[Quim Gutiérrez]] * Charlie Vauselle * Amely Rakotoarimalala * Hugues Delamarlière * [[Sophie Guillemin]] * [[David Serero (singer)|David Serero]] }}|cinematography=[[Jeanne Lapoirie]]|editing={{plainlist| * Robin Campillo * Anita Roth * Stéphanie Léger }}|music=[[Arnaud Rebotini]]|studio=Les Films de Pierre|distributor=Memento Distribution|released={{film date|df=y|2023|5|31}}|runtime=116 minutes|country={{plainlist| * France * Belgium }}|language=French|budget=€7.2 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://playtime.group/film/615f1a6df0f60e0004a165fd/info|title=Red Island|publisher=Playtime|access-date=28 April 2023}}</ref>|gross=$1.1 million<ref name="BOM">{{cite Box Office Mojo|url=https://www.boxofficemojo.com/release/rl3489759233/weekend/|title=Red Island (2023)|access-date=19 August 2024|publisher_hide=yes}}</ref>}}'''''Red Island''''' ( French ) nifilm yinkinamico yakozwe muri 2023 iyobowe na Robin Campillo. Yanditswe na Campillo na Gilles Marchand, yakinnyemo Nadia Tereszkiewicz, Quim Gutiérrez, na Charlie Vauselle. Bashyizweho mwitangiriro yaza 70 [[Madagasikari]], aho Campillo yamaranye ubwana bwe, <ref>{{Cite news |last=Lewis |first=Tim |date=7 April 2018 |title=Robin Campillo: 'I spent the 80s thinking I was going to die. Being a director seemed pointless' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/apr/07/robin-campillo-120-beats-per-minute-director-interview |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=The Guardian}}</ref> ikurikira umuhungu wimyaka umunani numuryango webari mu birindiro byingabo zubufaransa. <ref name="lemercier">{{Cite news |last=Lemercier |first=Fabien |date=21 September 2021 |title=Robin Campillo shooting ''Red Island'' |url=https://cineuropa.org/newsdetail/410839/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=Cineuropa}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Nadia Tereszkiewicz nka Colette Lopez * Quim Gutiérrez nka Robert Lopez * Charlie Vauselle nka Thomas * Amely Rakotoarimalala nka Miangaly * Hugues Delamarlière nka Bernard Huissens * Sophie Guillemin nka Madamu Guedj * David Serero nka Bwana Guedj * Luna Carpiaux nka Odile Huissens * Mitia Ralaivita nka Andry * Cathy Pham nka Suzanne * Mathis Piberne nka Alain * Sacha Cosar-Accaoui nka Michel * Calissa Oskal-Ool nka Fantômette == Umusaruro == Gufata amashusho byabaye kuva Kanama kugeza Ugushyingo 2021. <ref name="lemercier">{{Cite news |last=Lemercier |first=Fabien |date=21 September 2021 |title=Robin Campillo shooting ''Red Island'' |url=https://cineuropa.org/newsdetail/410839/ |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=Cineuropa}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLemercier2021">Lemercier, Fabien (21 September 2021). </cite></ref> Amazina yakazi arimo {{Lang|fr|École de l'air}} na {{Lang|fr|Vazaha (Les Blancs)}} . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Lavallée |first=Eric |date=14 January 2022 |title=Top 100 Most Anticipated Foreign Films of 2022: #24. Robin Campillo's Vazaha (fka Les Blancs) |url=https://www.ioncinema.com/news/annual-top-films-lists/robin-campillo-ecole-de-lair |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=IONCINEMA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Lavallée |first=Eric |date=19 January 2023 |title=Top 200 Most Anticipated Foreign Films of 2023: #15. Robin Campillo's Red Island |url=https://www.ioncinema.com/news/annual-top-films-lists/robin-campillo-vazaha-les-blancs |access-date=28 April 2023 |work=IONCINEMA}}</ref> == Kurekura == ''Red Island'' yasohotse murisinema zomu Bufaransa kuya 31 Gicurasi 2023.Yashyikirijwe iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes mu 2023, iyifilime yahoze yitwa Campillo, ''BPM (Beats per Minute)'', yerekanwe bwambere kandi ihabwa Grand Prix mumwaka wa 2017, ariko ntiyatoranijwe. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Leblanc |first=Damien |date=15 May 2023 |title=Robin Campillo : « J'ai fait ce film pour balayer ma nostalgie, pour la brûler » |url=https://www.troiscouleurs.fr/article/lile-rouge-robin-campillo-interview |access-date=16 May 2023 |work=Trois Couleurs}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hopewell |first=John |date=7 July 2023 |title=San Sebastian Main Competition: Cristi Puiu, Noah Pritzker, Joachim Lafosse, Robin Campillo Make the Cut |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/global/joachim-lafosse-cristi-puiu-benjamin-naishtat-1235663710/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |work=Variety}}</ref> marushanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya 71 rya San Sebastián muri Nzeri 2023. == Kwakira == kurubuga rwa review aggregator na Rotten Tomatoes, 86% 28 byabantu banenga ibyiza, nahoimpuzandengo ya 7.2 / 10. [9] Metacritic, ikoresha impuzandengo iremereye, yahaye iyifirime amanota 72 kuri 100, ishingiye ku banegura 7, byerekana ko "muri rusange ari byiza".[10] Peter Bradshaw asubiramo filime ya ''The Guardian'', yayihaye inyenyeri eshanu kurieshanu maze avuga koari "umurimo ukomeye, kandi ugaragara neza." <ref>{{Cite web |author-link=[[Peter Bradshaw]] |date=27 September 2023 |title=Red Island review – beauty and colonialism in a French childhood in Madagascar |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2023/sep/27/red-island-review-beauty-and-colonialism-in-a-french-childhood-in-madagascar |access-date=29 September 2023 |website=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Red Island at IMDb  psketc5aorgjzc0qw9g924wwasl8fbv 0 20655 139508 124815 2026-09-23T10:00:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Out of Luck'''''ni filime yo muri Nigeriya yo muri 2015 yanditswe na Chinaza Onuzo ikayoborwa na Niyi Akinmolayan. Irimo Tope Tedela, Linda Ejiofor, Ishami rya Femi, Adesua Etomi, Sambasa Nzeribe, Wole Ojo hamwe na Jide Kosoko na Chigul. Yasohotse ku ya 4 Ukuboza 2015. == Abakinnyi == * Tope Tedela nka Dayo * Linda Ejiofor nka Halima * Ishami rya Femi nkumwere * Jide Kosoko * Adeniyi Johnson nka Yinka * Adesua Etomi nka Bisola * Wole Ojo nka Seun * Sambasa Nzeribe nka Tanimu * Bolaji Ogunmola * Chigul * Kunle Remi == Umusaruro == Mu Kwakira 2015, hasohotse trailer yiyi firime. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2024 |title=Film |url=http://www.indiewire.com/2015/10/watch-the-rollicking-first-trailer-for-nigerian-gangster-thriller-out-of-luck-139089/}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2015 |title=Watch Femi Branch, Tope Tedela, Linda Ejiofor, Niyi Johnson in trailer |url=http://pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html |access-date=29 September 2025 |archive-date=20 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170820184843/http://www.pulse.ng/movies/out-of-luck-watch-femi-branch-tope-tedela-linda-ejiofor-niyi-johnson-in-trailer-id4284999.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Out of Luck at IMDb k81tr0se8alne9zbdah59l78xzl1sxh 0 20672 139342 130990 2026-09-23T07:49:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139342 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Invasion 1897''''' ni filime yomuri Nijeriya yongeye kwerekana amateka yarangiye muri Gashyantare 1897, gutera, gusenya no gusahura ubwami bwa kera bwa Afurika y’iburengerazuba bwa Bénin; no gutwarwa no guhunga umwami wigeze gukomera. Iyi filime yakozwe kandi iyobowe na Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen yasohotse mu 2014 ikaba irimo abakinnyi benshi ba Nollywood barimo Segun Arinze, Paul Obazele na Charles Inojie. Umugambi winkuru watangiriye ku nkuru y’umutware ukiri muto wa Benin, wafashwe akazanwa murukiko azirakwiba ibihangano by’amateka munzu ndangamurage y’Ubwongereza ndetse n’urugendorwe mumateka kugirango yirwaneho. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Onwuliri |first=Edmund |date=January 2019 |title=An Interpretation of Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen's "Invasion 1897" |url=https://www.academia.edu/39018850 |journal=International Journal of Zambrut (International Journal of Social, Politics & Humanities)}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 December 2015 |title=See full list of winners |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/events/best-of-nollywood-awards-2015-see-full-list-of-winners/ywx13ye |access-date=29 September 2025 |archive-date=7 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170807154159/http://www.pulse.ng/events/best-of-nollywood-awards-2015-see-full-list-of-winners-id4459200.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Somuah-Annan |first=Grace Afua |title=Invasion 1897 review |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/invasion-1897-review-id7977293.html |access-date=2018-11-24 |language=en-US |archive-date=2018-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124055113/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/movies/invasion-1897-review-id7977293.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri BON Awards, ''Invasion 1897'' yatorewekuba cinematogarafinziza, umukinnyi mwiza, ingaruka zidasanzwe, gutunganya neza kandi yatsindiye film nziza, gushushanya amajwi meza hamwe n’umuyobozi mwiza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2015 |title=2015 BON Awards -Best of Nollywood Full List of Winners |url=http://nigerianentertainment.com/2015/12/14/2015-best-of-nollywood-bon-awards-full-list-of-winners/ |access-date=29 September 2025 |archive-date=9 July 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250709114352/https://nigerianentertainment.com/2015/12/14/2015-best-of-nollywood-bon-awards-full-list-of-winners/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bonawards.com/ |website=bonawards.com |access-date=2025-09-29 |archive-date=2020-10-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013002045/https://www.bonawards.com// |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Mike Omoregbee nka Oba Ovonramwen * Charles Venn nka Igie * Murtaza Arif nkumunyamakuru * Sandra Idubor nkumugore wa Oba * Ehigiator Joy Nosa nkumwamikazi Ehi * James Pimenta nkumunyamakuru * Paul Obazele * Rudolph Walker as * Segun Arinze * Annika Álofti nka Chloe * Idiata Otiagbe * Nosa Ehimwem * Charles Inojie * Hannah Felstead * Justus Esiri <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ltd |first=Wells Entertainment |title=‘Invasion 1897’: An Epic Film 117 Years in the Making |url=https://www.prweb.com/releases/_invasion_1897_an_epic_film_117_years_in_the_making/prweb12124075.htm |access-date=2025-08-09 |website=www.prweb.com |language=en}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Invasion 1897 at IMDb 21a39s7gqquh0mbjs295btlomo49cbo 0 20696 139416 134103 2026-09-23T09:41:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139416 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Dinner''''' ni firime yogusetsa [[Nijeriya|yomuri Nigeriya]] 2016 ivugakubyerekeye urukundo, guhemukira no kubabarirana. Yakozwe na Jay Franklyn Jituboh na Chris Odeh. Umuyobozi mukuru wa firime ni David Jituboh. Yasohotse ku ya 11 Ugushyingo 2016 ikerekanwa bwa mbere muri Sinema ya IMAX i Lekki. Minisitiri ''w’intebe'' yatewe inkunga na Amstel Malta yitabiriwe n’ibyamamare mu nganda za sinema. Filime yakiriwe nabi, nubwo ibikorwa byayo byashimiwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=izuzu |first=chibumga |date=2016-11-24 |title="Dinner" buoyed by great acting |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-dinner-buoyed-by-great-acting/4rf6fnc |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=Pulse Nigeria |archive-date=2022-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220720075424/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/movies/pulse-movie-review-dinner-buoyed-by-great-acting/4rf6fnc |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Okey Uzoeshi nka Mike Okafor * Enyinna Nwigwe nka Adetunde George Jnr * Kehinde Bankole nka Lola Coker <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-09-15 |title=MOVIE: Watch RMD, Ireti Doyle, Kehinde Bankole in The Trailer For "Dinner" - Fab Magazine |url=https://fab.ng/2016/09/movie-watch-rmd-ireti-doyle-kehinde-bankole-trailer-dinner/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> * Keira Hewatch nka Diane Bassey * Deyemi Okanlawon nka Richard 'Richie' Boyo * Richard Mofe-Damijo nka Adetunde George Snr. * Ini Dima Okojie nka Jane Odogu * Olaide Bolaji nka Sara * Charles Inojie nk'abashinzwe kurinda ikibuga cy'indege * Esther Audu nk'Umudamu ku Kibuga cy'Indege * Ruby Nwosu nkumukobwa wa Richie muburiri * Chima Agaciro nkumupolisi 1 * Yinka Adeseun nk'umupolisi 2 * Tinyuka Sorinwa nkumushoferi wa Ade * Ireti Doyle <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-11-27 |title=FRANKLYN premieres 'Dinner' |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/franklyn-premieres-dinner-2/ |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=The Nation Newspaper |language=en-US}}</ref> nka Elizabeth A. George == Umugambi == Adetunde George Jnr yatumiye inshutiye y'igituza, Mike Okafor ahoyarari kugirango amarane weekend hamwe n'umukunzi we Lola Coker babana na we gutegura gahunda y'ubukwe bwabo. Mike Okafor yazanye kandi n'umukunziwe Diane Bassey kumusaba. Ibintu byagiye mu majyepfo iyo amabanga yerekeye umubano wabo amenyekanye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deyemi Okanlawon, Kehinde Bankole, Enyinna Nwigwe, Keira Hewatch, Okey Uzoeshi & More Star in Jay Franklyn Jituboh's New Movie "Dinner" |url=https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/movie/229496/deyemi-okanlawon-kehinde-bankole-enyinna-nwigwe-keira-hew.html |access-date=2022-07-20 |website=www.thenigerianvoice.com}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabakinnyi ba Nigeriya * Kurenga kumaraso * Bashiki bacu b'amaraso (urukurikirane 2022) == Reba == {{Reflist}} k50gy84wrd7bv7226ih7dz6msugfhg0 0 20706 139372 124727 2026-09-23T09:09:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Hand of Fate''''' nifilm ypmuri Gambiya yakozwe muri 2013 yibanda kubibazo [[Uburenganzira bwa muntu|byuburenganzira bwa muntu]] .ivuga kubyerekeranye nabakobwa bangavu bakoresha ubukwe nababyeyi babo batabanje kubiherwa uruhushya cyangwa ubumenyi ndetse nuburyo imyigire yabo nabatwara ejo hazaza bigira ingaruka munzira. Abana n’umuganda ushinzwe iterambere ku bufatanye na Mandingmorry Foundation for Performing Arts (MANFOPA) yatumye iyi filime ishoboka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Gambian Film: - "The Hand of Fate" -European Tour - Bantaba in Cyberspace |url=http://www.gambia.dk/forums/topic.asp?ARCHIVE=true&TOPIC_ID=13245 |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=www.gambia.dk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=The Point |url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/ibrahim-ceesay-is-gambian-personality-of-the-year |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=thepoint.gm}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baldeh |first=Njie |date= |title=The Point |url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/the-hand-of-fate-to-be-launched-tomorrow |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=thepoint.gm}}</ref> Iyifilime yari ishingiye kugitabo cyo mu mwaka wa 2009 cyanditswe numwanditsi winkinamico womuri Gambiya akaba numuyobozi winkinamico Janet Badjan Young. Ibrahim Ceesay yakoze kandi ayobora film. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The hand of fate / |url=https://searchworks.stanford.edu/view/11832632 |access-date=2019-10-09 |website=searchworks.stanford.edu}}</ref> == Umugambi == Filime ivuga umukobwa ukiri muto wavukijwe ejo hazaza mu igihe yahatiwe gushaka umugabo adakunda. == Abakinnyi == * Mariama Colley * John Charles Njie * Koruneliyo Gomez * Oley Saidykhan * Suzy Joh * Babette Mendy Jalllow == Ibihembo == ''Hand of Faith ni film'' yatsindiye kuba ari filime nziza kavukire muri Nolloywood na African Film Critics Awards (Oscars nyafurika) yabereye i Washington, DC, ku ya 14 Nzeri 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Baldeh |first=Njie |date= |title=The Point |url=http://thepoint.gm/africa/gambia/article/gambian-actress-nominated-for-an-african-oscar-award |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-10-08 |website=thepoint.gm}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} nmjv6c4dd00kou23kpluvriz5hf6ulk 0 20724 139435 124745 2026-09-23T09:44:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139435 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''The Fool of Kairouan''''' ( [[Icyarabu]] : مجنون القيروان; guhindura: Majnun al-Kairawen; French ), yakozwe mumwaka wi 1939, nifilime ya y’umuziki yakorewe muri Tuniziya, nifilime yambere yakozwe mucyarabu ikorewe muri Tuniziya. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Gabous |first=Abdelkrim |year=1998 |title=Silence, elles tournent: les femmes et le cinéma en Tunisie |publisher=Cérès |isbn=978-9973-19-387-2 |page=19}}</ref> Yakinwe numuririmbyi Mohamed Jamoussi. Ifatwa nka imwe muri firime zingenzi mumateka <ref>{{Cite book |last=Khlifi |first=Omar |year=1970 |title=Histoire du cinéma en Tunisie |publisher=Société tunisienne de diffusion |page=118 |oclc=486898369}}</ref> yintambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yasinema muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. <ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Brien |first=Charles |year=1997 |title=Visions of the East: orientalism in film |publisher=[[I.B.Tauris]] |isbn=978-1-86064-304-0 |editor-last=Bernstein |editor-first=Matthew |page=231 |chapter=The "Cinéma colonial" of 1930s France: Film Narration as Spatial Practice |editor-last2=Studlar |editor-first2=Gaylyn |editor-link2=Gaylyn Studlar}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} 0skvslff16h977d6x5qrujcruzpe79v 0 20772 139162 136450 2026-09-23T03:13:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139162 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Reflist}} == Umugambi == Adam ( Youssouf Djaoro ), wahoze ari nyampinga wo koga muri Afurika yo hagati, ni umukozi wa pisine muri hoteri nziza. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Gabara |first=Rachel |date=September 2013 |title=FEATURE FILMS - Mahamat-Saleh Haroun. A Screaming Man. Original title: Un homme qui crie. 2010. Chad and France. French and Chadian Arabic, with English subtitles. 91 min. Film Movement and Pyramide International. $24.95. |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/african-studies-review/article/abs/feature-films-mahamatsaleh-haroun-a-screaming-man-original-title-un-homme-qui-crie-2010-chad-and-france-french-and-chadian-arabic-with-english-subtitles-91-min-film-movement-and-pyramide-international-2495/5D96075589AC470DD5923D76AF3431CE |journal=African Studies Review |language=en |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=227–228 |doi=10.1017/asr.2013.68 |issn=0002-0206 |s2cid=144838993 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> Champ. Mu rwego rw'ubukungu Madamu We, umuyobozi yamumanuye ku izamu kandi umuhungu we Abdel agirwa umukozi wa pisine. Umuyobozi Mukuru waho ahatira Adam gutanga amafaranga kugira ngo urugamba rwa Tchad rurwanya ingabo z’inyeshyamba, rumuhana ko atitabiriye inama yabiteye. Umutware abwira Adamu uburyo yohereje umuhungu we w'imyaka 17 ku rugamba. Abwira Adamu ko afite iminsi itatu yo kwishyura amafaranga kugira ngo ashyigikire. Kugira ngo agarure umwanya we Adam yatanze Abdel mu Ngabo za Chadian Ground Force, n'abasirikare baza murugo rw'umuryango bategura Abdel ku gahato. Adam yongeye akazi ko kuba umukozi wa pisine. Umukobwa w'imyaka 17, umukunzi wa Abdel wari utwite, ageze kwa Adamu arajyanwa amwitaho. Amakimbirane arakomera maze abatuye mu music barahunga. Adam abwira umukazana we ubuhemu bwe aravunika. Adam yongeye gutekereza ku mwanya we maze afata moto ye hamwe na sidecar mu Karere k'intambara kugira ngo azane Abdel murugo. Asanga Abdel yakomeretse cyane- ijisho, ijosi, ukuboko kw'iburyo n'inda. Muri iryo joro, Adam yakuye Abdel mu bitaro, amushyira mu kayira kegereye urugo. Mu rugendo Abdel avuga ko yifuza koga mu ruzi ariko Abdel apfa bageze kuruzi. Adamu areremba umurambo muruzi, utwara umurambo. == Abakinnyi == Ibiranga firime; * Youssouf Djaoro nka Adam * Diouc Koma nka Abdel * Emile Abossolo M'Bo nk'umuyobozi w'Akarere * Hadjé Fatimé N'Goua nka Mariam * Marius Yelolo nka David * Djénéba Koné nka Djeneba * Gufasha Li nka Mme Wang * John Mbaiedoum nka Etienne * Abdou Boukar nka Le maître d'hôtel * Gerrard Ganda Mayoumbila nka Le sous-ofisiye * Tourgodi Oumar nka Soldat barrage 2 * Hilaire Ndolassem nk'umuvugizi wa radiyo (ijwi) * Remadji Adele Nagaradoum nka Souad * Sylvain Nbaikoubou nka Le nouveau cuisiner * Fatimé Nguenabaye nka La voisine * Mahamat Choukou nka Soldat barrage 1 * Hadre Dounia nka Joune Soldat blessé * Laure Cadiot == Insanganyamatsiko == Umubano wa Adam na Abdel niwo wibandwaho cyane mu nkuru y’iyi filime, kandi nk'uko umuyobozi abivuga bifitanye isano na Tchad yo muri iki gihe: "Hagati ya se n'umuhungu ni ugutwara kwibuka, ingirabuzima fatizo, n'umuco. Ni ngombwa cyane hano kuko abagabo bayobora intambara muri Tchad. Imvururu zabereye muri Tchad zimaze imyaka 40 kandi nisewanduje umuhungu we umuco w'intambara, kuko bitabaye ibyo nta mpamvu iboneka." <ref name="visibleafrica">{{Cite web |last=Aftab |first=Kaleem |date=2010-07-21 |title=Visible Africa: Cannes winner Mahamat-Saleh Haroun |url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/visible-africa-cannes-winner-mahamat-saleh-haroun?pageCount=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010053744/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/visible-africa-cannes-winner-mahamat-saleh-haroun?pageCount=0 |archive-date=10 October 2012 |access-date=2010-08-09 |website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]}}</ref> Mahamat Saleh Haroun yanze nkana kujya mu magambo arambuye kubyerekeye intambara y'abenegihugu muri Tchad na politiki: "Filime ivuga uko iyi miterere imeze kandi ntabwo yabonye umwanya hamwe n'inyeshyamba cyangwa guverinoma; mu buzima bwe izo ngabo zombi ntizisobanutse bityo rero ntacyo byaba bitwaye aramutse abaye inyeshyamba cyangwa guverinoma kuko ibyo bitazahagarika intambara." <ref name="visibleafrica" /> Umutwe wa film ni amagambo yavuye mucyegeranyo cy’imivugo ''Garuka mu Gihugu Cyanjye kavukire'' na Aimé Césaire. Interuro yuzuye ni "Umugabo utaka ntabwo ari idubu kubyina". <ref name="cineuropa">{{Cite web |last=Lemercier |first=Fabien |date=2009-10-23 |title=Haroun readies to shoot Screaming Man |url=http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=114176 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721010417/http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=114176 |archive-date=21 July 2010 |access-date=2010-04-28 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Haroun avuga ko umuntu nyamukuru Adamu "avuza induru atuza Imana, ntabwo ari induru irwanya ingorane". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Collett-White |first=Mike |date=2010-05-16 |title=Father-Son Film in War-Torn Chad Lights up Cannes |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/chadNews/idAFLDE64E0D520100516?sp=true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240525082903/https://www.webcitation.org/5ycjcGX3f?url=http://af.reuters.com/article/idAFLDE64E0D520100516 |archive-date=25 May 2024 |access-date=2011-01-17 |website=af.reuters.com |publisher=[[Thomson Reuters]]}}</ref> == Umusaruro == Igitekerezo cya firime cyaje mu 2006 mu gihe cyo gutunganya ''Daratt''. Taliki ya 13 Mata ingabo z'inyeshyamba zinjiye muri N'Djamena, umurwa Mukuru wa Tchad, aho Haroun yakoreraga amashusho, maze umusaruro uhita uhagarikwa. Abakozi ba filime, barimo umusore ukina umukinnyi wa mbere wujuje imyaka 18 kuri uwo munsi, bafatiwe mu butayu nta buryo bwo gutumanaho. Ibi byashishikarije Haroun kugerageza gufata ibyiyumviro byo gufungwa yagize muri ibyo birori. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Carpentier |first=Mélanie |date=May 2010 |title=Interview de Mahamat-Saleh Haroun |url=http://www.evene.fr/cinema/actualite/mahamat-saleh-haroun-homme-qui-crie-tchad-cannes-2717.php |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526124608/http://www.evene.fr/cinema/actualite/mahamat-saleh-haroun-homme-qui-crie-tchad-cannes-2717.php |archive-date=26 May 2010 |access-date=2010-05-26 |website=Evene |language=fr}}</ref> Isosiyete y'Abafaransa Pili Films na Goï Goï Productions ya Tchad bakoze film hamwe. Inkunga y’inyongera yatanzwe n’isosiyete yo mu Bubiligi Entre Chiens et Loups. Mu ngengo y’imari ingana na miliyoni ebyiri z’ama euro harimo inkunga yatanzwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’Ubufaransa cy’Ubukorikori, n’ishoramari mbere yo kugurisha ryaturutse kuri Canal +, Canal Horizons, Ciné Cinéma na TV5Monde. <ref name="cineuropa">{{Cite web |last=Lemercier |first=Fabien |date=2009-10-23 |title=Haroun readies to shoot Screaming Man |url=http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=114176 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721010417/http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=114176 |archive-date=21 July 2010 |access-date=2010-04-28 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Gufata amashusho byabaye mu byumweru bitandatu aho biherereye muri Tchad, guhera <ref name="cineuropa">{{Cite web |last=Lemercier |first=Fabien |date=2009-10-23 |title=Haroun readies to shoot Screaming Man |url=http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=114176 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100721010417/http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=114176 |archive-date=21 July 2010 |access-date=2010-04-28 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> 30 Ugushyingo 2009. <ref name="visibleafrica">{{Cite web |last=Aftab |first=Kaleem |date=2010-07-21 |title=Visible Africa: Cannes winner Mahamat-Saleh Haroun |url=http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/visible-africa-cannes-winner-mahamat-saleh-haroun?pageCount=0 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010053744/http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/film/visible-africa-cannes-winner-mahamat-saleh-haroun?pageCount=0 |archive-date=10 October 2012 |access-date=2010-08-09 |website=[[The National (Abu Dhabi)|The National]]}}</ref> Umuyobozi yavuze ko gufata amashusho muri N'Djamena ari nta shiti. Icyakora, igihe abo bakozi bafatiraga amashusho ahitwa Abéché, ikigo gikomeye cy’ingabo z’inyeshyamba, burigihe wasangaga ubwoba buri muntu wese wagize uruhare mu bicuruzwa. Haroun yabonaga ko ari ikibazo cyo kurangiza filime mbere yuko hagira ikintu kibaho, mu gihe kandi yagerageje kwifashisha impagarara nyazo kuri seti. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cuyer |first=Clément |date=2010-09-29 |title='Un homme qui crie' : rencontre avec Mahamat Saleh Haroun |url=http://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=18598029.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309115047/http://www.allocine.fr/article/fichearticle_gen_carticle=18598029.html |archive-date=9 March 2011 |access-date=2010-10-29 |website=[[AlloCiné]] |publisher=[[Tiger Management|Tiger Global]] |language=fr}}</ref> == Kurekura == A Screaming Man yerekanwe bwa mbere taliki ya 16 Gicurasi 2010 mu marushanwa mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya 63 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The screenings guide |url=http://www.festival-cannes.fr/assets/File/Web/HORAIRES%202010/Horaire%20Projections.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119191548/http://www.festival-cannes.fr/assets/File/Web/HORAIRES%202010/Horaire%20Projections.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2012 |access-date=2010-05-26 |website=festival-cannes.com |publisher=[[Cannes Film Festival]]}}</ref> Nyuma yaje kwerekanwa ahantu henshi habera ibirori harimo iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime rya Toronto. Ikwirakwizwa rya Pyramide ryasohoye mu ma kinamico yo mu Bufaransa taliki ya 29 Nzeri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Un Homme qui crie |url=http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=180361.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100421000332/http://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm%3D180361.html |archive-date=21 April 2010 |access-date=2010-05-26 |website=[[AlloCiné]] |publisher=[[Tiger Management|Tiger Global]] |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Screaming Man |url=http://www.tiff.net/filmsandschedules/tiff/2010/screamingman |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100803001155/http://tiff.net/filmsandschedules/tiff/2010/screamingman |archive-date=3 August 2010 |access-date=2010-08-09 |website=tiff.net |publisher=[[Toronto International Film Festival]]}}</ref> === Igisubizo gikomeye === Filime yakiriwe neza n'abayinenga. Isubiramo ryegeranya Rotten Tomatoes ivuga ko 89% kuri 36 banegura umwuga bahaye filime isuzuma ryiza, naho impuzandengo ya 7.2 / 10. Thomas Sotinel yasuzumye film ya ''Le Monde''. Yatekerejeko ifite ubwiza budashidikanywaho, ariko akomeza agira ati: "Ubu bwiza nabwo buroroshye, kubera ko Mahamat Saleh Haroun atari afite ibikoresho byose nkenerwa kugira ngo yerekane neza icyerekezo cye. Birababaje cyane cyane ko uko ukurikirana kwimuka kw'abaturage ba N'Djamena byerekana neza ko umukinnyi wa filime ashobora guhinduka mu buryo bukomeye igihe isomo rye ribitegetse." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sotinel |first=Thomas |date=2010-09-29 |title='Un homme qui crie' : dans le chaos tchadien, la tragédie d'Adam, père déchu en quête de rédemption |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/cinema/article/2010/09/28/un-homme-qui-crie-dans-le-chaos-tchadien-la-tragedie-d-adam-pere-dechu-en-quete-de-redemption_1417050_3476.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20101002083408/http://www.lemonde.fr/cinema/article/2010/09/28/un-homme-qui-crie-dans-le-chaos-tchadien-la-tragedie-d-adam-pere-dechu-en-quete-de-redemption_1417050_3476.html |archive-date=2010-10-02 |access-date=2010-09-29 |website=[[Le Monde]] |language=fr |quote=Cette beauté est aussi fragile, parce que Mahamat Saleh Haroun n'a pas eu tout à fait les moyens nécessaires à la pleine expression de sa vision. C'est d'autant plus rageant que la séquence de l'exode de la population de N'Djamena montre bien que le cinéaste sait passer au grand format lorsque son propos le commande}}</ref> Julien Welter wo muri ''L'Express'' yashimye uburyo Haroun yahisemo kutagira isesengura rinini ku makimbirane yabereye muri Tchad, cyangwa melodrama ivuga ku mibabaro yazanye. Icyifuzo cya Welter ni uko yatekerezaga ko ireme ry'inyandiko ryagabanutse mu gihe cyagatatu, ariko arangiza isubiramo atangaza ko Haroun ari "umuhanzi wakurikira." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Welter |first=Julien |date=2010-09-28 |title=''Un homme qui crie'' |url=http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/cinema/un-homme-qui-crie_922958.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123093932/http://www.lexpress.fr/culture/cinema/un-homme-qui-crie_922958.html |archive-date=23 January 2011 |access-date=2010-10-29 |website=[[L'Express (France)|L'Express]] |language=fr |quote=Mahamat-Saleh Haroun est plus que jamais un artiste à suivre.}}</ref> Umunyamerika wanenze ama filime Roger Ebert yavuze ko yishimiye cyane iyi filime, agira ati: "Ubwiza bwa filime ni ukureba ubuzima bwa Adam, uburyo aha agaciro akazi ke hafi y’umuhungu we, ndetse n’uburyo icyo aricyo yahawe na hoteri y’iburengerazuba byaramurogeye." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |author-link=Roger Ebert |date=2010-05-24 |title=Cannes postmortem. Is that the wrong word? |url=http://blogs.suntimes.com/ebert/2010/05/cannes_post-mortem_or_is_that.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100527090625/http://blogs.suntimes.com/ebert/2010/05/cannes_post-mortem_or_is_that.html |archive-date=27 May 2010 |access-date=2010-05-25 |website=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref> === Ibihembo; === Filime yahawe igihembo cya Cannes Film Festival. Ibi byatumye Haroun ataba umuyobozi wa mbere wa Tchad gusa ufite filime mu marushanwa akomeye, ahubwo yanabaye uwambere wegukanye kimwe mu bihembo by'umunsi mukuru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chang |first=Justin |date=2010-05-23 |title='Uncle Boonmee' wins Palme d'Or |url=https://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019731.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121203034252/http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118019731.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |archive-date=2012-12-03 |access-date=2010-05-23 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> A Screaming Man yatsindiye Silver Hugo kubera amashusho meza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime rya 46 rya Chicago. Youssouf Djaoro yahawe Silver Hugo nk'umukinnyi mwiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=46th Chicago International Film Festival Award Winners Announced |url=http://www.chicagofilmfestival.com/news/display_news.php?article=the_46th_chicago_international_film_festival_award_winners_announced |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708144244/http://www.chicagofilmfestival.com/news/display_news.php?article=the_46th_chicago_international_film_festival_award_winners_announced |archive-date=8 July 2011}}</ref> Mu bihembo bya Lumière 2011, byemejwe n’abanyamakuru b’abanyamahanga bafite icyicaro i Paris, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cya Filime nziza y’ururimi rw’igifaransa yaturutse hanze y’Ubufaransa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lemercier |first=Fabien |date=2011-01-17 |title=''Of Gods and Men'' crowned Best Film at Lumières |url=http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx?lang=en&documentID=194491 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240602183723/https://www.webcitation.org/5yckM9FyG?url=http://cineuropa.org/newsdetail.aspx%3Flang%3Den%26documentID%3D194491 |archive-date=2024-06-02 |access-date=2011-01-17 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Filime yatorewe igihembo cya Magritte mu cyiciro cya filime nziza mu mahanga muri Coproduction mu 2012, ariko itsindwa na ''Romantics Anonymous''. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Engelen |first=Aurore |date=10 January 2012 |title=Nominations announced for 2nd Magritte Awards |url=http://cineuropa.org/nw.aspx?t=newsdetail&l=en&did=213926 |access-date=12 January 2013 |publisher=Cineuropa}}</ref> '''AMASHAKIRO;''' == Ihuza ryo hanze == * A Screaming Man at IMDb [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 9k43rhk1cqv7gypu361kz6e8awecpli 0 20796 139520 125179 2026-09-23T10:03:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139520 wikitext text/x-wiki Kuva mu mwaka wa 2001, hafi ya 4.2% by’abaturage ba [[Lesoto|Lesotho]] bafite [[ubumuga]], mu rugero rutandukanye, kandi kimwe cya gatatu(1/3) cyabo ni abana bari munsi y’imyaka15. <ref name="Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of the Disabled">{{Cite web |title=Disability in Lesotho |url=http://www.lnfod.org.ls/disability-in-lesotho.html |access-date=14 May 2020 |website=Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of the Disabled}}</ref> == Ibyiciro == Abantu bafite ubumuga benshi mu gihugu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona neza, kutumva, kutabasha kugenda neza, ibibazo byo kwibuka, kwifasha mu buzima bwa buri munsi, cyangwa mu itumanaho. <ref name="Shale-2015">{{Cite journal |last=Shale |first=Itumeleng |date=2015 |title=Lesotho |journal=African Disability Rights Yearbook |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=36–39 |doi=10.17159/2413-7138/2015/v3n1a8 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Amategeko na politiki == Ingingo ya 33 y'Itegeko Nshinga rya Lesotho iteganya ingingo yo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, guhugura no gutuza abantu bafite ubumuga. Lesotho yemeje Amasezerano yerekeye uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga bw’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’abibumbye]] ku wa 2 Ukuboza 2008. Politiki y’Igihugu yerekeye Ubumuga n’Isubiraho mu Buzima (NDRP) yo mu 2011 igamije gufasha guverinoma ya Lesotho mu gutegura gahunda n’ingamba zireba by’umwihariko abafite ubumuga. <ref name="Shale-2015">{{Cite journal |last=Shale |first=Itumeleng |date=2015 |title=Lesotho |journal=African Disability Rights Yearbook |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=36–39 |doi=10.17159/2413-7138/2015/v3n1a8 |doi-access=free}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFShale2015">Shale, Itumeleng (2015). [[doi:10.17159/2413-7138/2015/v3n1a8|"Lesotho"]]. ''African Disability Rights Yearbook''. '''3''' (1): <span class="nowrap">36–</span>39. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible">[[doi:10.17159/2413-7138/2015/v3n1a8|10.17159/2413-7138/2015/v3n1a8]]</span>.</cite></ref> == Ubuvugizi == Ihuriro ry’igihugu ry’amashyirahamwe y’abafite ubumuga rya Lesotho (LNFOD) ryashinzwe mu 1989 nkurwego rwo hejuru rw’imiryango y’abafite ubumuga. Abayigize ni; Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abafite ubumuga bw’umubiri (LNAPD), Ishyirahamwe ry’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe bwa Lesotho (IDAL), Ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu ry’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona (LNLVIP) n’ishyirahamwe ry’abafite ubumuga bwo kutumva muri Lesotho (NADL). <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.lnfod.org.ls/about-us.html |access-date=14 May 2020 |website=Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of the Disabled |language=en}}</ref> == Akazi == Abamugaye barenga 65% mugihugu batunzwe n'imiryango yabo ndetse n'abaturanyi kugirango babeho buri munsi. <ref name="Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of the Disabled">{{Cite web |title=Disability in Lesotho |url=http://www.lnfod.org.ls/disability-in-lesotho.html |access-date=14 May 2020 |website=Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of the Disabled}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.lnfod.org.ls/disability-in-lesotho.html "Disability in Lesotho"]. ''Lesotho National Federation of Organisations of the Disabled''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> == Siporo == Lesotho yakoze imikino yayo y'abamugaye début mu mikino Paralempike yo mu 2000 yabereye i Sydney. Yagiye mu marushanwa yose ya Paralympique yo mu mpeshyi kuva icyo gihe, ariko ntabwo yigeze mu mikino Paralympike. Lesotho ntiratsindira umudari mu mikino Paralympique. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lesotho at the Paralympics |url=http://www.paralympic.org/Sport/Results/search.html?npc=LES&gender=all&medal=all&sport=all&games=all |access-date=14 May 2020 |website=Paralympic.org}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Cite web |title=Lesotho National Disability Mainstreaming Plan |url=https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/2019/10/Lesotho_National-Disability-Mainstreaming-Plan.pdf |website=United Nations |format=PDF}} {{Disability by country}} 54zm3ywnv1sadn7pu19qm518ryv7wdq 0 20853 139175 134454 2026-09-23T03:15:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139175 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:MAD_BS_Moon_fixtures_(cropped_2).jpg|thumb|Ikibaho cyorohereza abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona muri ascenceur(elevator/lift)]] '''Braille''' ( /ˈ b r eɪ l / BRAYL, ) ni uburyo bwo kwandika bwitondewe bukoreshwa n'abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Ishobora gusomwa haba ku mpapuro zometse ku bintu cyangwa ukoresheje disikuru ishobora kuvugururwa ihuza mudasobwa n'ibikoresho bya telefone. Braille ira shobora kwandikwa ukoresheje icyapa na stylus, umwanditsi w'impapuro, [[Perkins Brailler|icyuma cya]] elegitoronike cyangwa ukoresheje mudasobwa ihujwe [[Braille embosser|n'udushushanyo twa braille]]. Ku basomyi bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona, braille ni uburyo bwigenga bwo kwandika, aho kuba code y'imyandikire yanditswe. <ref name="D&B">{{Cite book |last=Daniels |first=Peter T. |date=1996 |title=The World's Writing Systems |url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780195079937 |last2=Bright |first2=William |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-507993-7 |location=Oxford; New York |pages=817{{ndash}}818}}</ref> Braille yitiriwe uwayikoze, Louis Braille, Umufaransa wabuze amaso kubera impanuka yagize mu bwana bwe. Mu 1824, afite imyaka cumi n'itanu, yateje imbere code ya braille ishingiye ku nyuguti z'igifaransa nk'iterambere mu kwandika nijoro. Yasohoye sisitemu ye, nyuma y'aho harimo no kumenyekanisha umuziki, mu 1829.Ishyirwamo rya kabiri ryasohotse mu 1837 ni ryo ryabaye uburyo bwa mbere bw'inyandiko bushingiye ku mibare ibiri(binary)bwakozwe mu gihe cya none. Inyuguti z'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona zakozwe hakoreshejwe guhuza utudomo dutandatu twazamuye dutondekanye muri 3&nbsp;×&nbsp;Matrix 2, bita selile ya braille. Umubare na gahunda by'ududomo bitandukanya inyuguti n'indi. Kubera ko inyuguti zinyuranye za braille zatangiye nk'imyandikire yo kwandikwa yanditse, amakarita (ibice byerekana imiterere) aratandukanye bitewe n'ururimi, ndetse no muri rumwe; mucyongereza braille hari inzego eshatu:Inyandiko ya braille yuzuye – inyuguti ku yindi ikoreshwa mu gusoma no kwandika;inyandiko ya Braille yo ku rwego rwa gatatu, ikoresha uburyo bwihariye kandi butemewe mu rwego rusange, bukoreshwa n'abantu ku giti cyabo nk'uburyo bwo kwandika byihuse. Ibyiyongera ku nyandiko ya braille (inyuguti, utumenyetso, impine), birashoboka kandi gukora amashusho ashushanyije ndetse n'imigaragire y'amakuru(graph), hamwe n'imirongo yaba ikomeye cyangwa ikozwe mu rukurikirane rw'ubudomo, imyambi, n'amasasu manini kuruta utudomo twa braille. Akazi ka braille kuzuye karimo utudomo dutandatu twazamuye dutondekanye mu nkingi ebyiri, buri nkingi ifite utudomo dutatu. Imyanya y'akadomo igaragazwa n'imibare kuva <ref name="Raised Dots">{{Cite web |title=The Dot Positions in the braille cell Are Identified by Numbers from One Through Six |url=http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308024822/http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/braille/what-is-braille/123 |archive-date=8 March 2019 |access-date=19 June 2016 |website=AFB.org}}</ref> kuri umwe kugeza kuri itandatu. <ref name="Raised Dots" /> Hariho uburyo 64 bushoboka, harimo nta kadomo na gato ku mwanya w'ijambo. <ref name="Braille System">{{Cite web |title=Louis Braille and the Braille System |url=https://www.duxburysystems.com/braille.asp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180816061848/https://www.duxburysystems.com/braille.asp |archive-date=16 August 2018 |access-date=16 August 2018 |website=duxburysystems.com}}</ref> Utudomo twiboneza dushobora gukoreshwa duhagarariye inyuguti, imibare, akamenyetso, cyangwa ijambo. <ref name="Raised Dots" /> Kwiga braille hakiri kare ni ingirakamaro mu gusoma no kwandika, uburezi n'akazi ku babana n'ubumuga bwo kutabona. Hatatiwe ku ihindagurika ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya, harimo na porogaramu isoma ecran isoma amakuru mu ijwi riranguruye, braille ifasha ababana n'ubumuga bwo kutabona kubona imyandikire, utumenyetso n'izindi ngingo z'ururimi rwanditse bitagerwaho binyuze mu majwi gusa. Mu gihe bamwe basabye ko tekinoroji ishingiye kumajwi izagabanya gukenera braille, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga nka braille yerekanwe ryakomeje gutuma braille irushaho kuboneka no gukoresha byoroshye. Abakoresha Braille bagaragaza ko braille ikomeza kuba nk'ibyingenzi ku bareba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=World Blind Union |title=Press Release: The importance of Braille Literacy |url=https://www.iapb.org/news/press-release-the-importance-of-braille-literacy/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201005754/https://www.iapb.org/news/press-release-the-importance-of-braille-literacy/ |archive-date=1 December 2021 |access-date=1 December 2021 |website=The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness}}</ref> hhygw4ntf8dpwcg6zainvzgb84bjbrm 0 20871 139492 125198 2026-09-23T09:54:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139492 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ebert test''' gipima niba ijwi rishingiye kuri mudasobwa rikoresha mudasobwa <ref name="twsL35" /> <ref name="twsL34">{{Cite news |last=JENNIFER 8. LEE |date=March 7, 2011 |title=Roger Ebert Tests His Vocal Cords, and Comedic Delivery |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/07/roger-ebert-tests-his-vocal-cords-and-comedic-delivery/?src=me |access-date=2011-09-12 |work=The New York Times |quote=Now perhaps, there is the Ebert Test, a way to see if a synthesized voice can deliver humor with the timing to make an audience laugh.... He proposed the Ebert Test as a way to gauge the humanness of a synthesized voice.}}</ref> rishobora kuvuga urwenya rufite ubuhanga buhagije bwo gutuma abantu baseka. <ref name="twsL41">{{Cite news |date=March 5, 2011 |title=Roger Ebert's Inspiring Digital Transformation |url=http://www.tips-tricks.co.in/2011/03/roger-eberts-inspiring-digital.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110325160035/http://www.tips-tricks.co.in/2011/03/roger-eberts-inspiring-digital.html |archive-date=March 25, 2011 |access-date=2011-09-12 |publisher=Tech News |quote=Meanwhile, the technology that enables Ebert to "speak" continues to see improvements – for example, adding more realistic inflection for question marks and exclamation points. In a test of that, which Ebert called the "Ebert test" for computerized voices,}}</ref> Byasabwe n’abanenga amafilime Roger Ebert mu nama ya TED ya 2011 mu rwego rwo guhangana n’abatunganya porogaramu kugira ijwi rya mudasobwa rikoresha amajwi mu, gutanga, igihe, n’intangiriro z’imvugo y’abantu. <ref name="twsL35">{{Cite news |last=Adam Ostrow |date=March 5, 2011 |title=Roger Ebert's Inspiring Digital Transformation |url=http://mashable.com/2011/03/05/roger-ebert-ted-talk/ |access-date=2011-09-12 |publisher=Mashable Entertainment |quote=With the help of his wife, two colleagues and the Alex-equipped MacBook that he uses to generate his computerized voice, famed film critic Roger Ebert delivered the final talk at the TED conference on Friday in Long Beach, California....}}</ref> Ikizamini gisa nikizamini cya Turing cyatanzwe na Alan Turing mu 1950 nkuburyo bwo gupima ubushobozi bwa mudasobwa bwo kwerekana imyitwarire yubwenge itanga umusaruro udatandukanye numuntu. <ref name="twsL37">{{Cite news |last=Alex_Pasternack |date=Apr 18, 2011 |title=A MacBook May Have Given Roger Ebert His Voice, But An iPod Saved His Life (Video) |url=http://www.motherboard.tv/2011/4/18/a-macbook-may-have-given-roger-ebert-his-voice-but-an-ipod-saved-his-life-video |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110906063605/http://motherboard.tv/2011/4/18/a-macbook-may-have-given-roger-ebert-his-voice-but-an-ipod-saved-his-life-video |archive-date=September 6, 2011 |access-date=2011-09-12 |publisher=Motherboard |quote=He calls it the "Ebert Test," after Turing's AI standard...}}</ref>   Ebert yaje kwangirika mu rwego rw'amajwi mu mwaka wa 2006 nyuma yo kubagwa bavura kanseri ya tiroyide. Yakoresheje isosiyete yo muri ottcosse yitwa CereProc, ikora porogaramu idoda inyandiko-ku-mvugo ku bakiriya bafite ubumuga rwo kutavuga ahubwo bagatangira kuba bakoresha amajwi yabo igihe kirekire mbere yo kuyatakaza, kandi yacukuye kaseti hamwe n'ibisobanuro bya DVD birimo Ebert kugira ngo akore ijwi ryumvikana nk'ijwi rye bwite. Yabanje gukoresha kumugaragaro ijwi bamutunganyirije ku ya 2 Werurwe 2010, agaragara kuri ''Show ya Oprah Winfrey''. <ref name="twsL34">{{Cite news |last=JENNIFER 8. LEE |date=March 7, 2011 |title=Roger Ebert Tests His Vocal Cords, and Comedic Delivery |url=http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/07/roger-ebert-tests-his-vocal-cords-and-comedic-delivery/?src=me |access-date=2011-09-12 |work=The New York Times |quote=Now perhaps, there is the Ebert Test, a way to see if a synthesized voice can deliver humor with the timing to make an audience laugh.... He proposed the Ebert Test as a way to gauge the humanness of a synthesized voice.}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFJENNIFER_8._LEE2011">JENNIFER 8. LEE (March 7, 2011). [http://bits.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/03/07/roger-ebert-tests-his-vocal-cords-and-comedic-delivery/?src=me "Roger Ebert Tests His Vocal Cords, and Comedic Delivery"]. ''The New York Times''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-12</span></span>. <q>Now perhaps, there is the Ebert Test, a way to see if a synthesized voice can deliver humor with the timing to make an audience laugh.... He proposed the Ebert Test as a way to gauge the humanness of a synthesized voice.</q></cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment" data-ve-ignore=""><code class="cs1-code"><nowiki>{{</nowiki>[[Inyandikorugero:Cite news|cite news]]<nowiki>}}</nowiki></code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ([[:Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list|link]])</span> [[Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ebert |first=Roger |date=14 December 2012 |title=Hello, this is me speaking &#124; Interviews &#124; Roger Ebert |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/interviews/hello-this-is-me-speaking |website=www.rogerebert.com}}</ref> Abari bateraniye aho TED ya Ebert yo mu mwaka wa 2011 bavuga ku bijyanye no gutanga urwenya n'amajwi akomatanya yaturitse aseka ubwo ijwi ryumvikanaga ryatangaga urwenya rukurikira: "Umusore yagiye mu muganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe. Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe ati:" Urasaze. " Umusore ati: 'Ndashaka igitekerezo cya kabiri.' Umuganga w’indwara zo mu mutwe ati: 'Ni byiza, nawe uri mubi.' " <ref name="twsL35">{{Cite news |last=Adam Ostrow |date=March 5, 2011 |title=Roger Ebert's Inspiring Digital Transformation |url=http://mashable.com/2011/03/05/roger-ebert-ted-talk/ |access-date=2011-09-12 |publisher=Mashable Entertainment |quote=With the help of his wife, two colleagues and the Alex-equipped MacBook that he uses to generate his computerized voice, famed film critic Roger Ebert delivered the final talk at the TED conference on Friday in Long Beach, California....}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAdam_Ostrow2011">Adam Ostrow (March 5, 2011). [http://mashable.com/2011/03/05/roger-ebert-ted-talk/ "Roger Ebert's Inspiring Digital Transformation"]. Mashable Entertainment<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-09-12</span></span>. <q>With the help of his wife, two colleagues and the Alex-equipped MacBook that he uses to generate his computerized voice, famed film critic Roger Ebert delivered the final talk at the TED conference on Friday in Long Beach, California....</q></cite></ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} imkvpdb3sbrkkrcn2narl1ahzm6npw8 0 20875 139085 135152 2026-09-23T02:30:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139085 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Logitech_Harmony_1000_Remote.jpg|thumb|300x300px|Logitech Harmony 1000]] '''Logitech Harmony''' ni urukurikirane rw'ibikoresho byo kugenzura kure( remote controls) n'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga ryo mu rugo (home automation) byakozwe mbere na Logitech. Umurongo urimo ibicuruzwa byitaruye bigenewe kugenzura ibice bigize sisitemu yimikino yo murugo (harimo tereviziyo, udusanduku twashyizwe hejuru, DVD na Blu-ray, imashini yimikino ya videwo ) hamwe nibindi bikoresho bishobora kugenzurwa hakoreshejwe infragre, hamwe nibicuruzwa bishya byo mu rugo bya hub bishobora gukoreshwa mugucunga byongeweho interineti ishigikiwe nibintu ( IoT ) nibicuruzwa byo murugo bigenzura ibikoresho. Logitech yahagaritse gukora Harmony Remote mu 2021 kandi ihagarika inkunga ya moderi ishaje muri <ref name="logi.com">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-09 |title=Announcement: Harmony Remote Manufacturing, Service and Support Update |url=https://support.logi.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/1500000658341 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506203727/https://support.logi.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/1500000658341 |archive-date=2021-05-06 |access-date=2021-05-04 |publisher=logi.com}}</ref> <ref name="PCWorld2025">{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Ben |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Logitech is dropping support for its oldest Harmony remotes |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2651033/logitech-is-dropping-support-for-its-oldest-harmony-remotes.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250525161239/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2651033/logitech-is-dropping-support-for-its-oldest-harmony-remotes.html |archive-date=25 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-22}}</ref> == Amateka == Harmony remote control yatangiye gukorwa mu mwaka wa 2001 n'ikigo cyo muri Canada cyitwa Easy Zapper, kandi yagurishijwe bwa mbere mu Ugushyingo 2001. Nyuma yaho, icyo kigo cyaje guhindura izina cyitwa Intrigue Technologies kandi cyari giherereye mu mujyi wa Mississauga, muri Ontario, Canada. Uruganda rukora ibikoresho bya mudasobwa rwitwa Logitech rwaguze icyo kigo mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2004 ku mafaranga agera kuri $29 miliyoni z'amadolari ya Amerika, bituma Harmony remotes ziba izikunzwe kw'isi yose. Muri Mata 2021, Logitech yatangaje icyemezo cyo guhagarika gukora kure ya Harmony. <ref name="logi.com">{{Cite web |date=2021-04-09 |title=Announcement: Harmony Remote Manufacturing, Service and Support Update |url=https://support.logi.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/1500000658341 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506203727/https://support.logi.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/1500000658341 |archive-date=2021-05-06 |access-date=2021-05-04 |publisher=logi.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210506203727/https://support.logi.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/1500000658341 "Announcement: Harmony Remote Manufacturing, Service and Support Update"]. logi.com. 2021-04-09. Archived from [https://support.logi.com/hc/en-us/community/posts/1500000658341 the original] on 2021-05-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-04</span></span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="support.myharmony.com"> {{Cite web |last=<!--Not stated--> |title=Logitech Harmony Support |url=https://support.myharmony.com/ |access-date=December 13, 2022 |website=Logitech}} </ref> <ref name="PCWorld2025">{{Cite web |last=Patterson |first=Ben |date=March 27, 2025 |title=Logitech is dropping support for its oldest Harmony remotes |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/2651033/logitech-is-dropping-support-for-its-oldest-harmony-remotes.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://archive.today/20250525161239/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2651033/logitech-is-dropping-support-for-its-oldest-harmony-remotes.html |archive-date=25 May 2025 |access-date=2025-04-22}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFPatterson2025">Patterson, Ben (March 27, 2025). [https://www.pcworld.com/article/2651033/logitech-is-dropping-support-for-its-oldest-harmony-remotes.html "Logitech is dropping support for its oldest Harmony remotes"]. [https://archive.today/20250525161239/https://www.pcworld.com/article/2651033/logitech-is-dropping-support-for-its-oldest-harmony-remotes.html Archived] from the original on 25 May 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-04-22</span></span>.</cite></ref> As of 2025 batangaje ko gushyigikira moderi zishaje zishingiye kuri software ya Harmony Remote bizarangira ku ya 28 Gicurasi, moderi ijyanye na porogaramu nshya ya MyHarmony iracyashyigikiwe. == Ibiranga == Byose bya Harmony byashyizwe kumurongo ukoresheje software iboneza hanze. Kuri moderi zose ibi birashobora gukorwa ukoresheje mudasobwa ikoresha Microsoft Windows cyangwa MacOS bakeneye guhuzwa hakoreshejwe USB; moderi ya Elite na Ultimate irashobora kandi gushyirwaho bidasubirwaho ukoresheje porogaramu ya terefone ya Android cyangwa iOS. Buri kure ifite infragre (IR) ubushobozi bwo kwiga (moderi zimwe na zimwe zirimo inkunga ya RF), kandi irashobora kohereza amakuru kubyerekeranye na kure kure yububiko bwibikoresho byo kumurongo. As of 2012 5000+ ibirango byibikoresho byari bishyigikiwe. Harmony zose za kure zishyigikira ibikorwa-byo gukoraho-bishingiye kubikorwa, byemerera kugenzura ibikoresho byinshi icyarimwe. Kurugero, inzu yimikino yo murugo ishobora kuba irimo TV, sisitemu yo hejuru yububiko hamwe na sisitemu yamajwi yo murugo. Kanda kuri bouton yibikorwa ya 'Reba TV' kuri kure bizafungura TV, ufungure sisitemu yo hejuru ya sisitemu, ufungure sisitemu yijwi, uhindure iyinjizwa rya TV kuri sisitemu yashyizweho hejuru hanyuma uhindure ibyinjijwe muri sisitemu yijwi hejuru yisanduku yo hejuru. Mubyongeyeho, ingano yama buto yashushanyirizwa kuri sisitemu yijwi, utubuto twumuyoboro twashizwe kumurongo wa sisitemu ya top top box, hamwe nubundi bugenzuzi kubintu bikwiye bya sisitemu kubikorwa. Ikirangantego cyakwibuka ibikoresho byakoreshwaga kuri cyangwa kuzimya hamwe nibikoresho byinjiza byari byarahinduwe mbere, bikemerera kwimura ibikoresho kuva mubikorwa bikajya mubindi bitohereje amategeko arenze cyangwa atari yo. Modeli ya kera ya Harmony ya kure yakoreshejwe software ya Harmony Remote, yemerera abakoresha kuvugurura iboneza rya kure, kwiga amategeko ya IR, no kuzamura porogaramu igenzura kure. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Harmony remote software |url=http://myremotesetup.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150801200124/http://myremotesetup.com/ |archive-date=2015-08-01 |access-date=2010-06-04 |publisher=Myremotesetup.com}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 06d8e4wttm60mme91hnqwro3iidau9v 0 20879 139480 138157 2026-09-23T09:50:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139480 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imeza ya Welner''' ni imeza yo ikoreshwa kwa muganga yagenewe mu gusuzuma abarwayi, igamije korohereza abafite ubumuga bw'umubiri ndetse n'abaganga. Yahanzwe n’umuganga w’umunyamerika wita ku ndwara z'abagore n'abana( Obstetrician- gynecologist) akaba ari mu baharanira [[Umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga|uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga]] Sandra Welner. Akazi ka Welner hamwe n’abarwayi b’abagore bamugaye cyamuteye guhimba ameza ya Welner, imbonerahamwe y’ibizamini igera ku isi yose kandi yagutse kuruta uko byari bisanzwe bigenda bihinduka mu mwanya no mu burebure, kugeza kuri {{Convert|20|in}} hejuru yurwego rwo kwimura byoroshye kuva mu [[Wheelchair|kagare k'abamugaye]]. Imbonerahamwe ikora kandi ibyifuzo <ref name="Courant">{{Cite news |last=Waldman |first=Hilary |date=1998-03-03 |title=New Equipment, New Outlook |url=https://www.courant.com/1998/03/03/new-equipment-new-outlook/ |work=[[Hartford Courant]]}}</ref> mukwemerera imyanya myinshi yo gukora ibizamini. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Srikameswaran |first=Anita |date=2001-10-23 |title=Obituary: Dr. Sandra Welner / Obstetrician-gynecologist, champion for disabled women |url=http://old.post-gazette.com/obituaries/20011023welner1023p2.asp |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304055744/http://old.post-gazette.com/obituaries/20011023welner1023p2.asp |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2015-01-22 |work=Post-Gazette}}</ref> <ref name="Courant" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} t0c5n45r8w0mpa0rb4zucops6exgpgf 0 20882 139316 125511 2026-09-23T07:45:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139316 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''UserWay''' ni sosiyete igera kuri digitale ifite icyicaro i Wilmington, Delaware. Isosiyete ikoresha AI na automatisation mu rwego rwo gukemura ibibazo by’amategeko ku masosiyete kugira ngo imbuga zabo zigerweho. <ref>{{Cite news |last=לוי |first=אביב |date=2022-01-24 |title=החברות ששינו את התוכניות בעקבות גל הירידות |url=https://www.globes.co.il/news/article.aspx?did=1001399580 |access-date=2023-01-06 |work=Globes}}</ref> == Amateka == UserWay yashinzwe mu 2016 na Allon Mason. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shein |first=Esther |date=2020-07-30 |title=AI-powered tool aims to help reduce bias and racially charged language on websites |url=https://www.techrepublic.com/article/ai-powered-tool-aims-to-help-reduce-bias-and-racially-charged-language-on-websites/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=TechRepublic |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2021, Susan Bennett, umuntu watanze ijwi rya Siri, umufasha w'ikoranabuhanga wa Apple, yabaye umuvugizi w'iyi sosiyete kandi akaba umurwanashyaka <ref>{{Cite web |title=Siri reveals herself to promote web accessibility for Userway |url=https://www.thedrum.com/news/2021/09/30/siri-reveals-herself-promote-web-accessibility-userway |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=The Drum}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Al-Heeti |first=Abrar |title=Siri's original voice now advocates for a more accessible web |url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/mobile/the-original-voice-of-siri-is-now-advocating-for-a-more-accessible-web/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=CNET |language=en}}</ref>'uburenganzira bw'abantu bafite ubumuga mu gikorwa cyo kwamamaza cya UserWay, cyanagaragayemo Dr. Orna Guralnik. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lovejoy |first=Ben |date=2022-05-19 |title=Siri visits Couples Therapy star Dr. Orna Guralnik in sketch for web accessibility company |url=https://9to5mac.com/2022/05/19/siri-visits-couples-therapy-star/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=9to5Mac |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2021, isosiyete yatanze umushinga wa mbere w'inyandiko y'amasoko (prospectus ) ya IPO ku Isoko ry’imigabane rya Tel Aviv. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=בלי שלב ציבורי: החברה להנגשת אתרים סגרה הנפקה לפי שווי של 120 מיליון שקל {{!}} כלכליסט |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/market/article/syfen200ny |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=calcalist |language=he}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexiou |first=Gus |title=Retailers To Lose $828 Million Of Sales Over Christmas Due To Inaccessible Websites |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/gusalexiou/2021/12/19/retailers-to-lose-828-million-of-sales-over-christmas-due-to-inaccessible-websites/ |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Forbes |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Susan Bennett, Siri voice, partners with accessibility startup UserWay |url=https://www.jpost.com/business-and-innovation/tech-and-start-ups/article-706734 |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=[[The Jerusalem Post]] |language=en-US |issn=0792-822X}}</ref> Muri Mutarama 2022, isosiyete yasohoye IPO yayo ku isoko ry'imigabane rya Tel Aviv ku gaciro ka miliyoni 120 NIS. Yakomeje gukusanya hafi miliyoni 30 NIS kubakiriya b'ibigo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=זומר |first=נווית |date=2022-01-30 |title=החברה שמנייתה זינקה ב-38% בשבוע: "השוק לא ער לגמרי לנושא הנגישות" |url=https://www.ynet.co.il/economy/article/b1sgzl7rt |access-date=2023-01-06 |work=Ynet |language=he}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-10 |title=בלי שלב ציבורי: החברה להנגשת אתרים סגרה הנפקה לפי שווי של 120 מיליון שקל {{!}} כלכליסט |url=https://www.calcalist.co.il/market/article/syfen200ny |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=calcalist |language=he}}</ref> UserWay yatangiye gucuruza ku isoko ryimigabane rya Tel Aviv ku izina rya UWAY. <ref>{{Cite web |title=UWAY: Userway Ltd Stock Price Quote - Tel Aviv - Bloomberg |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/UWAY:IT |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Bloomberg.com |language=en}}</ref> Widget ya UserWay iraboneka kumurongo wingenzi wa CMS kimwe nimbuga za HTML / CSS / JS. Ikoranabuhanga rya UserWay ryujuje amategeko yubahiriza ashingiye kuri WCAG 2.1 AA kandi nkuko bisabwa na ADA. <ref>{{Cite web |last=InclusionHub |title=UserWay |url=https://www.inclusionhub.com/digital-accessibility/userway |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=www.inclusionhub.com |language=en |archive-date=2023-01-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230127211632/https://www.inclusionhub.com/digital-accessibility/userway |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-26 |title=UserWay Launches Version 4.0 of Its Accessibility Platform |url=https://www.speechtechmag.com/Articles/ReadArticle.aspx?ArticleID=152625 |access-date=2023-01-06 |website=Speech Technology Magazine |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2023, UserWay yatangaje ko izagurwa n’ikigo cy’Abanyamerika Level Access ku giciro cya miliyoni 98.7 z’amadolari($) yo guhuza amafaranga n’impaka zikomeje kuvugwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Overlay Fact Sheet |url=https://overlayfactsheet.com/en/ |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=overlayfactsheet.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Wrobel |first=Sharon |date=31 December 2023 |title=Israel digital accessibility startup to be bought by US firm in deal valued at $99m |url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-digital-accessibility-startup-to-be-bought-by-us-firm-in-deal-valued-at-99m/ |access-date=19 February 2024 |website=Times of Israel}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-09-13 |title=#UserWay Will Get You Sued |url=https://adrianroselli.com/2021/09/userway-will-get-you-sued.html |access-date=2025-06-18 |website=Adrian Roselli |language=en}}</ref> Ubucuruzi bwarangiye muri Werurwe 2024, guhindura isosiyete akaba iy'abigenga bonyine. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Level Access Completes Acquisition of UserWay, Signaling the Next Evolution of Digital Accessibility |url=https://www.morningstar.com/news/business-wire/20240319489734/level-access-completes-acquisition-of-userway-signaling-the-next-evolution-of-digital-accessibility |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=Morningstar |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2024, ikirego cy’icyiciro cy’ikirego cyaregewe UserWay, kivuga ko ibirego byinshi byakabije, ko widgets zayo zitubahiriza kubahiriza amategeko, ndetse rimwe na rimwe bigatuma imbuga za interineti zigora gukoresha ababana n'ubumuga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Louise |first=Nickie |date=2024-12-24 |title=Userway faces class action lawsuit over alleged false accessibility and ADA compliance claims |url=https://techstartups.com/2024/12/23/userway-faces-class-action-lawsuit-over-alleged-false-accessibility-and-ada-compliance-claims/ |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=TechStartups |publisher=Tech Startup}}</ref> . Ikinyamakuru Financial Times cyatangaje ko imbuga za interineti zikoresha UserWay hamwe n’andi masosiyete ya widget agera kuri interineti akiri kure yo kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kugerwaho, amwe muri yo akaba afite amakosa y’ibanze mu bijyanye no kugeza ku bikorwa by'ikoranabuhanga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kao |first=Joanna S |date=2024-04-07 |title=Blind internet users struggle with error-prone AI aids |url=https://www.ft.com/content/3c877c55-b698-43da-a222-8ae183f53078 |access-date=2025-10-11 |website=Financial Times |publisher=Financial Times |location=}} </ref> 8on50tr2d0n9zk16t5riffmdb8wjkbc 0 20883 139467 128485 2026-09-23T09:48:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139467 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Radiyo 1RPH''' 1125 kHz Canberra (89.5FM Wagga Wagga, 99.5FM Junee ) ni radiyo itanga amakuru kuri radiyo AM band kuri radiyo yo mu murwa mukuru wa Ositaraliya ikorera ACT yose hamwe n’ibice bikikije NSW birimo Queanbeyan, Yass na Michelago, hamwe nabakunda kugaragara cyane FM kuri Wagga na Junee, hamwe n’itangazamakuru ryandika kuri interineti. <ref> {{Cite web |year=2008 |title=1RPH History |url=http://www.radio1rph.org.au/history.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719022224/http://radio1rph.org.au/history.htm |archive-date=19 July 2008 |access-date=4 August 2008 |website=radio1rph.org.au |publisher=1RPH}}</ref> Radio 1RPH ni umunyamuryango wa Radio Icapiro ry'abafite ubumuga. Amagambo yacyo ni, '''amakuru yawe''' hamwe no '''Guhindura icapiro mumajwi''', kandi igamije gukorera abantu bose, kubwimpamvu iyo ari yo yose, bafite ubumuga bwo gusoma ibikoresho byacapwe bizwi nkibinyamakuru bigendanwa muntoki. <ref>{{Cite web |year=2007 |title=Value our Voices |url=http://www.cbonline.org.au/%5Cmedia%5CElection_07%5CRPH_Summary1.1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080725125308/http://www.cbonline.org.au/media/Election_07/RPH_Summary1.1.pdf |archive-date=25 July 2008 |access-date=4 August 2008 |publisher=[[Community Broadcasting Association of Australia|CBAA]]}}</ref> Ibinyamakuru, ibitabo, nibindi bikoresho byacapwe bizwi kwizina rya news letter bisomwa kumurongo. 1RPH yahoze ifite frequency hanze ya AM band kuri 1620&nbsp;kHz, <ref name="Rogers">{{Cite journal |last=Rogers |first=Chris |date=24 December 1994 |title=Station News Australia |url=http://www.chowdanet.com/markc/idxd/1994/IDX23DEC.A94 |url-status=dead |journal=International DX Digest |publisher=National Radio Club |volume=62 |issue=14 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130119042246/http://www.chowdanet.com/markc/idxd/1994/IDX23DEC.A94 |archive-date=19 January 2013 |access-date=7 December 2011 |quote=scheduled to move on 17 October}}</ref> nuko agira ikibazo cyo kwivanga gake, kandi yumvikanye kure nka Amerika. <ref name="Burnell">{{Cite web |last=Burnell |first=Jean |date=6 August 1997 |title=MW DXpedition in Grayland WA |url=http://www.qsl.net/n7ecj/Logs/burnell%208-6-97.txt |access-date=7 December 2011 |publisher=Hardcore |location=St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada}}</ref> == Ibikoresho == [[Dosiye:Radio_1RPH_studio_and_transmitter.jpg|thumb|L - R: Inyubako ya transmitter, masta abiri, parikingi na carport, inyubako ya sitidiyo.]] === Studiyo === ==== Ku kirere no ku musaruro ==== * Sitidiyo ebyiri, imwe ifite umuyoboro wa 16 Ogenic ivangavanga: ** Inkomoko y'amajwi: *** mudasobwa *** Abakinnyi ba CD *** imiyoboro ya satelite *** Ibyuma bifata amajwi *** impinduka *** umurongo wo gutangaza *** telefone-radiyo ==== Umusaruro ==== * sitidiyo nyuma yububiko * studio-ijwi gusa * CD-R hamwe nububiko bwibitabo * isomero ry'umuziki ryafashwe amajwi === Imashanyarazi na antenne === * 2000 watt ikomeye-imiterere ya transmitter ya AM hamwe na standby * {{Convert|65|m|ft|adj=on}} antenna ya masta itanga icyerekezo * amashanyarazi yihutirwa == Ingaruka za NDIS == Muri Gashyantare 2016, ubuyobozi bwa sitasiyo bwatangaje ko bwagiriwe inama ko amadolari 38.000 atazaboneka muri ACT ya Leta ya ACT [[Disability ACT|y’ubumuga]] guhera muri Nyakanga 2016, ubwo aya mafaranga azaba mu rwego rw’amafaranga rusange y’ubwishingizi bw’abafite ubumuga (NDIS) ayobowe na guverinoma ya Commonwealth. Aya mafaranga yagereranyaga hafi kimwe cya kane cyingengo yimikorere ya sitasiyo. Minisitiri w’abafite ubumuga Chris Bourke yanze gusezeranya inkunga y’umutungo wa ACT, ariko avuga ko azakora iperereza kuri Minisitiri y'abafite ubumuga butandukanye. nko Kuyobora bashizemo imbaraga zo kumenyekanisha ibura ry'inkunga ni: Perezida, Lorraine Litster; Visi Perezida, n'abafite ubumuga Perezida wa ACT, Robert Altamore; n’abakorerabushake batanga amakuru hamwe n’inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe wa ACT, Umudepite wa Vicki Dunne. Litster yerekanye ko, muri gahunda ya miliyari 22 z'amadolari ya Amerika / umwaka, miliyoni 132 z'amadolari yonyine niyo yagenewe serivisi zirimo umuyoboro wa radiyo wandika ubumuga. Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubwishingizi bw'abafite ubumuga (NDIA) cyatangaje ko kizasuzuma iki kibazo. <ref name="2016-02-10_ABC">{{Cite news |last=Fettes |first=James |last2=Francis |first2=Adrienne |date=11 February 2016 |title=Disability station Radio 1RPH 'left in the lurch' amid NDIS funding changes |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-02-11/disability-radio-station-may-cut-services-after-funding-decision/7157868 |access-date=23 April 2019 |work=[[ABC News Online]]}}</ref> <ref name="2016-02-10_SMH">{{Cite news |last=Burgess |first=Katie |date=10 February 2016 |title=Radio station for print-handicapped to lose out under NDIS: president |url=http://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/radio-station-for-printhandicapped-to-lose-out-under-ndis-president-20160210-gmq49q.html |access-date=23 April 2019 |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa radio muri Ositaraliya * Radiyo Yandika Abamugaye odkhvcwkm8wk1xij188te9xn55zt2gw 0 20895 139276 125225 2026-09-23T07:37:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139276 wikitext text/x-wiki    '''''Itegeko rishingiye ku ivangura ry’abafite ubumuga 1992''''' '''(Cth)''' ni itegeko ryemejwe n’Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Ositaraliya aho ribuza abakora ivangura rikorerwa ababana n’ubumuga butandukanye mu kazi, mu burezi, ahantu haboneka ku mugaragaro, gutanga ibicuruzwa na serivisi, amacumbi, clubs n’amashyirahamwe, n’ibindi bice. Ivangura risobanurwa harimo kunanirwa kugira ibyo uhindura kumuntu. Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Ositaraliya ihabwa kandi igasuzuma ibirego byatanzwe hakurikijwe iryo tegeko. == Amavu n'amavuko == Mu gihe iri tegeko ryashyizweho, hari hamaze kubaho amategeko atandukanye ivangura rikorerwa abantu bafite ubumuga mu mategeko ya leta zitandukanye, rimwe murayo mategeko akaba yaranakomokaga mu ntangiriro za 1980s.Leta zose n'intara zose usibye Tasmania and the Northern Territory zari zifite amategeko arwanya ivangura, naho izo ebyiri ziri gutekereza ku gudhyiraho ayo mategeko. hatanzwe impamvu eshatu zatumye hashyirwaho itegeko rya leta Nkuru: * Kugena urugero rw'uburenganzira butangwa hirya no hino * Shyira mu bikorwa inshingano za guverinoma ya Ositarariya nk'umukono ku masezerano mpuzamahanga yerekeye uburenganzira bw'abafite ubumuga. * Gushoboza kugenzura imikorere ivangura yubuyobozi bwa Commonwealth. == Umurage == Mu 2004, ibyavuye mu iperereza rya komisiyo ishinzwe gutanga umusaruro ku itegeko ryashyizwe ahagaragara. Komisiyo yasanze mu gihe hakiri byinshi byo kunonosora, cyane cyane mu kugabanya ivangura mu kazi, muri rusange iryo tegeko ryagize akamaro gakomeye. Byongeye kandi, Komisiyo yasanze ababana n'ubumuga bagifite amahirwe make ugereranije n’abandi bantu barangiza amashuri, bafite impamyabumenyi ya TAFE cyangwa kaminuza, kandi bagahabwa akazi. Bishoboka cyane ko binjiza amafaranga ari munsi yikigereranyo cyangwa ajyanye nibyo baba bakoze, kuba kuri pansiyo, kuba mumazu rusange no muri gereza. Impuzandengo yinjiza ku bantu bafite ubumuga ni 44 ku ijana yinjiza abandi Banyaustraliya. === Komite ya Olempike ya Maguire na Sydney === Uru rubanza rwazanywe na Bruce Maguire, rwerekeye urubuga rw’imikino Olempike ya Sydney 2000, ndetse n’abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona byabafasha gukoresha neza urubuga. == Reba kandi == * Adaptive Physical Education Australia * Disability discrimination act * Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (United Kingdom) * ''Maguire v SOCOG 1999'' == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.legislation.gov.au/Latest/C2004A04426 Itegeko rivangura abamugaye 1992] mu [[wikidata:Q57686106|gitabo cy’amategeko agenga amategeko]] * [http://www8.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/viewdb/au/legis/cth/consol_act/dda1992264/ Itegeko rivangura abamugaye 1992] mu kigo cyita ku mategeko cya Australiya * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051222093623/http://www.pc.gov.au/inquiry/dda/finalreport/ Raporo yiperereza muri DDA] na komisiyo ishinzwe gutanga umusaruro, yasohotse 14 Nyakanga 2004. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050913152746/http://members.ozemail.com.au/~ddasp/Agovdispolicy.htm Politiki y’ubumuga bwa leta ya Australiya, Gahunda n’amategeko] * [https://humanrights.gov.au/complaints#main-content Komisiyo ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Ositaraliya iyobora gutanga ikirego muri DDA] pypdjlsjb2yxjg9wpbksgllsephj7ax 0 20897 139176 125227 2026-09-23T03:15:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139176 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Easy Chirp''' nigice cya gatatu cyurubuga rushingiye kuri Twitter rwubatswe na [[Dennis Lembree]]. Ni urubuga rushobora kugera kuri porogaramu, bivuze ko rutezimbere kubakoresha ubumuga n’abakoresha ikoranabuhanga rifasha. Chirp yoroshye nayo ifite akamaro kubafite tekinoroji yo hasi-nka Internet Explorer 9, umurongo wa interineti uhuza imbuga ndetse numurongo, no kubura inkunga ya JavaScript. Imigaragarire yoroshye nibyiza kubakoresha neza nibindi bishya kurumbuga nkoranyambaga, harimo na Twitter. Uru rubuga rwagaragaye bwa mbere mu ntangiriro za 2009, rwiswe Accessible Twitter, ruhindurwa izina ryitwa Chirp muri Kamena 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-06-01 |title=Web App 'Accessible Twitter' Changes Name to 'Easy Chirp' |url=http://weboverhauls.com/ce/pressreleases/pr_2011_06_01.htm |access-date=2011-06-01 |publisher=Web Overhauls}}</ref> Hagati muri 2013, urubuga rwahagaritswe kubera amezi agera kuri atanu kubera ivugurura rikomeye ry’ubuhanga. Urubuga rwakozwe numuntu ku giti cye wateguye urubuga nawe ukora blog kubyerekeranye nurubuga rwitwa Web Ax. Kimwe mu bishya bya Chirp yoroshye mu gukoreshywa ubushobozi bwo kohereza tweet ihuza ishusho hamwe nibindi bisobanuro byombi bigufi kandi birebire. Nibwo bwa mbere porogaramu ya Twitter (kimwe na porogaramu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-14 |title=Easy Chirp now provides accessible images for your Tweets |url=http://www.webaxe.org/easy-chirp-now-provides-accessible-images-for-your-tweets/ |access-date=2014-05-14 |publisher=Web Axe}}</ref> imbuga nkoranyambaga) itanga ubundi buryo bwo gushushanya kuko usanga aribwo buryo byateye imbere cyane muri iki gihe, kubura ubundi buryo bwo gufata amashusho byari ikibazo cyo kugera kuri Twitter <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-21 |title=Don't Tweet Pictures of Text |url=http://blog.adrianroselli.com/2014/12/dont-tweet-pictures-of-text.html |access-date=2014-12-21 |publisher=Adrian Roselli}}</ref> no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga muri rusange. Easy Chirp yahawe igihembo cy'umuyobozi wa FCC 2014 kubera iterambere iyi sisitemu imaze kugeraho, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-09 |title=Chairman Wheeler Honors Innovators in Accessibility |url=http://www.fcc.gov/document/chairman-wheeler-honors-innovators-accessibility |access-date=2009-09-23 |publisher=Federal Communications Commission}}</ref> igihembo cya AFB cyo mu mwaka wa 2010 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-03-01 |title=2010 AFB Access Award |url=http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?DocumentID=5410 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110309091157/http://www.afb.org/Section.asp?DocumentID=5410 |archive-date=2011-03-09 |access-date=2010-03-01 |publisher=AFB}}</ref> ndetse na 2009 IT IT @ web2.0. Urubuga rwatoranijwe "Gukoresha API Nziza" mu kinyamakuru .net cyo mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-09-23 |title=ACCESS-IT – 2009 Winners |url=http://access-it-events.org/2009_access_it_winners.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091118192640/http://access-it-events.org/2009_access_it_winners.php |archive-date=2009-11-18 |access-date=2009-09-23 |publisher=ACCESS-IT}}</ref> 2010 cyiza kurusha ibindi ku rubuga rwa interineti kandi gitangwa mu bihembo bya Blind Bargains Access Awards 2009 na 2010. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2009-01-01 |title=Blind Bargains: 2009 Access Awards Winners and Nominees |url=http://www.blindbargains.com/awardlist09.php |access-date=2009-01-01 |publisher=Blind Bargains}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-01-01 |title=Blind Bargains: 2010 Access Awards Winners and Nominees |url=http://www.blindbargains.com/awardlist10.php |access-date=2010-01-01 |publisher=Blind Bargains}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-12-01 |title=RNIB Featured Website for December 2011 |url=http://www.rnib.org.uk/livingwithsightloss/computersphones/updates/techknowmore/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?id=64 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111229005505/http://www.rnib.org.uk/livingwithsightloss/computersphones/updates/techknowmore/Lists/Posts/Post.aspx?id=64 |archive-date=2011-12-29 |access-date=2011-12-01 |publisher=RNIB}}</ref> nayo yari urubuga rwa RNIB rwagaragaye mu Kuboza 2011. Kubera ikibazo cyimpinduka zikomeye za Twitter API muri 2018, <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=16 August 2018 |title=Details and what to expect from the API deprecations this week on August 16, 2018 |url=https://twittercommunity.com/t/details-and-what-to-expect-from-the-api-deprecations-this-week-on-august-16-2018/110746 |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date= |website=Twitter Developer Forum}}</ref> igice cyohererezanya ubutumwa muri Chirp yoroshye gifite imikorere mike cyane. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} max6m8ebm5nerjnliqncwc3283c0c21 0 20915 139498 125245 2026-09-23T09:58:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139498 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibikoresho byo kubungabunga ibikoresho bya sisitemu ya robot ya Telecontrol''' (MEISTeR) ni robot yakozwe na Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI). kugirango ifashe mu bikorwa byo gusana no gukora mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga. Yakozwe by'umwihariko kugirango ikorere ahangiritse cyane cyane mu ruganda rw'ingufu za nyukiliyeli rwa Fukushima Daiichi. Yashyizwe hanze ku italiki ya 6 Ukuboza 2012. == Amateka == Nyuma y’umutingito 9.0 na tsunami yakurikiyeho yibasiye Ubuyapani ku ya 11 Werurwe 2011, ndetse n’irimbuka ry’uruganda rukora ingufu za kirimbuzi Fukushima Daiichi, inganda zakomeje gushakisha guha robot zishobora gukora imirimo iteje akaga ku rugomero rw’amashanyarazi. Kimwe muri ibyo bisubizo ni HAL exoskeleton. Ariko, HAL exoskeleton yasabye umuderevu wumuntu. Ku ya 23 Ugushyingo 2012, Toshiba yerekanye Tetrapod yananiwe kwerekana. Kugeza vuba aha, MHI yari yakoze gusa robot yo gutumanaho murugo hamwe na robot ya MARS-D. Nkumwubatsi w’inganda 20 za kirimbuzi mu Buyapani, byari ibisanzwe ko Mitsubishi Heavy Industries yakemura ikibazo hamwe na robot yabo bwite. == Igishushanyo == MEISTeR (Ikidage kuri shobuja) ni robot ifite intwaro ebyiri zikurikirana. Ishingiye kuri robot ya Rabot na robot igerageza MARS-D, yakozwe nk'umugenzuzi w'inganda za kirimbuzi. Ihagaze {{Convert|130|cm|ftin|abbr=on}}, ni {{Convert|70|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} ubugari, {{Convert|125|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} ndende, n'uburemere muri {{Convert|440|kg|lb|abbr=on}} . Amaboko ya robo afite impamyabumenyi zirindwi (= amashoka arindwi) nkukuboko kwabantu kandi irashobora kuzamura {{Convert|15|kg|lb|abbr=on}} buri umwe. Bitandukanye na robot ya MARS-D MEISTeR irakomeye bihagije kugirango ihangane nibidukikije. Imashini igenzurwa na kure irashobora kwifashisha ibikoresho bitandukanye mumaboko yayo nko gukata no gukora imyitozo, inzitizi zisobanutse, no gucengera muri beto kugirango urebe urwego rw'imirase. Hakozwe igikoresho kidasanzwe gishobora gufata ingero ziva ku nkuta no hasi ahantu hahumanye hamwe n'uburebure bugera kuri {{Convert|70|mm|in}} . Ishobora kwimuka gushika kuri {{Convert|2|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} no kuganira k'ubutaka butaringaniye, harimo nintambwe zigera kuri {{Convert|22|cm|in|abbr=on}} kuri buri bigega bine byayo byigenga. Ifite igihe giteganijwe cyo gukora amasaha abiri. 727l4oqmt54k8ygdrqfo1hdjqgyr7nu 0 20920 139436 125251 2026-09-23T09:44:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139436 wikitext text/x-wiki '''FreeTTS''' ni sisitemu ifunguye imvugo synthesis sisitemu yakorewe ku rubuga rwa Java. Ishingiye kuri Flite. FreeTTS ni ishyirwa mubikorwa rya Sun 's Java Speech API. FreeTTS ni sisitemu ifata icyemezo cyanyuma mu gutuma ishyigikira byo kuvuga. Gnopernicus ikoresha ibi ahantu henshi: kumenya igihe inyandiko igomba kandi idakwiye guhagarikwa, kugirango imvugo ihuze neza, hamwe nijambo rikurikirana mumajwi atandukanye. Ibipimo byakozwe na Sun mu 2002 kuri Solaris byerekanaga ko FreeTTS yirutse inshuro ebyiri kugeza kuri eshatu kurusha Flite icyo gihe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Willie Walker |last2=Paul Lamere |last3=Philip Kwok |date=August 2002 |title=FreeTTS - A Performance Case Study |url=http://research.sun.com/techrep/2002/smli_tr-2002-114.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325195557/http://research.sun.com/techrep/2002/smli_tr-2002-114.pdf |archive-date=2009-03-25 |access-date=2009-07-25 |publisher=[[Sun Microsystems]] |quote=''Through using some straightforward optimizations and relying on the aggressive optimizations performed by the Java HotSpot compiler, we were pleased to find that FreeTTS runs two to four times faster than its native-C counterpart, Flite. Clearly, it would be possible for us to roll some of these optimizations back into Flite with the likely result of improving Flite's performance to levels similar to FreeTTS. The lack of Java platform features such as garbage collection and high-performance collection utilities, however, makes performing these optimizations in Flite much more time consuming from a programming point of view.''}}</ref> == Amateka == Kuva muri Kamena 2019, verisiyo nshya yuwo mushinga yatangiriye muri Mata 2017. Iterambere rikomeye ryarangiye muri Werurwe 2009 hasohoka 1.2.2. == Reba kandi ==   * Guhindura imvugo * [[Festival Speech Synthesis System|Umunsi mukuru]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ibindi gusoma == * {{Cite book |last=Daum |first=B. |year=2006 |title=Professional Eclipse 3 for Java Developers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TtTBNaORMxMC&pg=PA73 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-470-02162-0 |series=Wrox professional guides |pages=73–75}} * {{Cite book |last=Zhuk |first=J. |year=2004 |title=Integration-Ready Architecture and Design: Software Engineering with XML, Java, .NET, Wireless, Speech, and Knowledge Technologies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Hfzi8IqNiG8C&pg=RA1-PA134 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-52583-1 |pages=134–135}} * {{Cite book |last=Ao |first=S.I. |year=2010 |title=Machine Learning and Systems Engineering |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BRZm4DRptMQC&pg=PA363 |last2=Rieger |first2=B.B. |last3=Amouzegar |first3=M. |publisher=Springer Netherlands |isbn=978-90-481-9419-3 |series=Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering |pages=363–364}} 0wvzpalfslw2ayvvsp6d1c0t48u69k7 0 20929 139317 125293 2026-09-23T07:45:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:JTES_example.png|thumb|Urugero rwabayapani JTES teletext]] '''JTES''', '''Ubuyapani bwa Teletext Ibisobanuro''', ni protocole ikoreshwa mugushiraho mu guhindura urupapuro muri sisitemu ya Teletext, kimwe nubundi bwoko bwamakuru ya digitale, mugihe cyahagaritse intera (VBI) yerekana ibimenyetso byerekana amashusho mubuyapani. Yemejwe mu rwego mpuzamahanga CCIR 653 (ubu ITU-R BT.653) yo mu 1986 nka '''CCIR Teletext Sisitemu D.''' <ref name="auto">{{Cite book |year=2011 |title=Recommendation ITU-R BT.653-3 (02/1998) Teletext systems |url=https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.653-3-199802-I!!PDF-E.pdf |publisher=ITU}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 10, 2006 |title=EIA516 NABTS MODULE - NABTS DATA BROADCAST SOFTWARE FOR NORPAK ENCODER PLATFORMS |url=http://www.norpak.ca/Nabts.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061010042356/http://www.norpak.ca/Nabts.htm |archive-date=10 October 2006 |website=Norpak Corporation}}</ref> Ifasha kwerekana imiterere ya Kanji, Katakana na Hiragana. Serivisi ishobora gukoreshwa kugirango yerekane subtitles, cyclicale page cyangwa progaramu ya pseudo. ikaba ifite n'uburyo bwo kwerekana amafoto, geometrie cyangwa amajwi. <ref name="auto"/> <ref name="nii">{{Cite web |title=DBNSTJ : Teletext for Japan |url=https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/english/detail/1107 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202093835/https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/english/detail/1107 |archive-date=2 December 2021 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=Database on Noteworthy Contributions for Science and Technology (Japan)}}</ref> == Amateka == Iterambere rya tereviziyo mu gihugu cyu Buyapani ryatangiye mu 1972, <ref name="jst">{{Cite news |year=2011 |title=テレビ文字多重放送の研究開発を振り返って |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/itej/65/7/65_907/_pdf/-char/ja |work=映像情報メディア学会誌 |pages=907–911 |language=ja |volume=65 |issue=7}}</ref> hakurikiraho itangazwa rya sisitemu ya mbere y’itumanaho ku isi ( Ceefax ) na BBC mu Bwongereza. Kubera ko inyuguti z'Abayapani zitandukanye cyane n’inyuguti zo mu Burengerazuba, Ubuyapani bwakomeje gukora ubushakashatsi no gucukumbure mu buryo bwo guteza imbere uburyo bwihariye bwo kohereza bwitwa ''"uburyo bw'icyitegererezo"'', <ref name="google">{{Cite book |last=Bens |first=E. de |date=December 6, 2012 |title=Electronic Mass Media in Europe. Prospects and Developments: A Report from the FAST Programme of the Commission of the European Communities |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=APrrCAAAQBAJ&dq=teletext+on+NHK&pg=PA519 |last2=Knoche |first2=Manfred |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=9789400939493 |pages=519 |via=Google Books}}</ref> bwohereza ibimenyetso byo gusikana bisa na fax, ku kigero cyikubye inshuro 20 kurenza uburyo buriho, ariko bisaba generator y'inyuguti ifite nini (icyo gihe) 1- megabit ROM. Ubu buryo bwakoreshejwe mu 1982. == Ibisobanuro == Mubimenyetso bisanzwe bya NTSC, hariho imirongo 525 yo gusikana ibimenyetso byo muburyo bw'amashusho. Ibi bigabanijwemo kabiri amashusho, azwi nka " imirima ", yoherejwe buri 60th yisegonda. Aya mashusho ahuza kuri ecran cyangwa se akaranga mashusho, no mumaso, kugirango akore ikadiri imwe ya videwo ivugururwa buri 30 ya segonda. Buri murongo wa buri murima ufata 63.5 μs kohereza; 50.3 μs za videwo na 13.2 μs zingana n "igihe cyapfuye" kuri buri mpera yakoreshejwe mu kwerekana televiziyo ko umurongo wuzuye, uzwi nka intera itambitse (HBI). Iyo gahunda yo gusikana igeze kumpera ya ecran isubira hejuru mugihe cyahagaritse intera ihagaritse (VBI), nka, HBI isaba "igihe cyapfuye" kugirango ikore neza ibimenyetso kuri ecran. Muri iki kibazo, igihe cyapfuye kigaragazwa nimirongo idakoreshwa yikimenyetso cyamashusho, mubisanzwe imirongo 22 yambere yikadiri. JTES ikubiyemo amakuru mubimenyetso byo muburyo bw'amashusho nkurukurikirane rw'ududomo ku gipimo cyagenwe cya 5.727272&nbsp;Mbit / s. Buri murongo wumurima ufite 50.3 μs yumwanya wa amashusho ushobora gukoreshwa mugukwirakwiza, bivamo 296 bits kumurongo. <ref name="auto"/> Bishoboka guhindura inyuguti zashyizweho ( JIS C 6226 Yinganda zubuyapani, ikubiyemo inyuguti 6879 zishushanyije zikwiye kwandika inyandiko, amazina y’ahantu, amazina bwite, nibindi mu rurimi rwikiyapani, byasobanuwe mu 1978), kugirango ugaragaze inyuguti zikwiye cyangwa uzamura uburyo bwo kohereza. Niba inyuguti itaboneka muri Teletext yakira imashini itanga imashini, irashobora gushirwaho ukoresheje ''"DRCS"'' (Dynamically Redefinable Character Sets). <ref name="nii"/> <ref name="nii2">{{Cite web |title=(a) Character code set |url=https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/upload/images/research/1107/english/cc002c79a7da0dd4ea4a160eb5366a13/fig2030std-pro_en.png |access-date=12 February 2022 |website=Ddnst.nii.ac.jp |format=PNG |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202092254/https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/upload/images/research/1107/english/cc002c79a7da0dd4ea4a160eb5366a13/fig2030std-pro_en.png |url-status=dead }}</ref> Inyuguti zishobora kwanduzwa nka mozayike yibintu bya semigraphic, hamwe na buri kintu gifite imiterere ya 8 × 12 pigiseli. <ref name="nii2"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Characters |url=https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/upload/images/research/1107/english/8d883c86bf81c5549a9133b89a11b708/fig2032std.png |access-date=12 February 2022 |website=Ddnst.nii.ac.jp |format=PNG |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202092255/https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/upload/images/research/1107/english/8d883c86bf81c5549a9133b89a11b708/fig2032std.png |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kode nyinshi zamakuru zirashoboka: <ref>{{Cite web |title=Coding table |url=https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/upload/images/research/1107/english/09166c9cff705e9b614d600238a83df2/fig2031std-pro_en.png |access-date=12 February 2022 |website=Ddnst.nii.ac.jp |format=PNG |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202092302/https://dbnst.nii.ac.jp/upload/images/research/1107/english/09166c9cff705e9b614d600238a83df2/fig2031std-pro_en.png |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Mosaic - mozayike ya semigraphic block, bisa nuburyo ibishushanyo bigizwe nizindi sisitemu ya teletext * DRCS - yemerera inyuguti zitaboneka kuri generator yimiterere * Ifoto imwe-ifotora - itanga amakuru yishusho (pigiseli, umubare muto wamabara) aho guhagarika, gahoro gahoro * Amafoto menshi-yohereza amashusho - yohereza amashusho cyangwa animasiyo numubare munini wamabara, gahoro cyane * Geometrike - itanga amashusho kuva kumurongo, arcs, urukiramende na polygon. Bisa na NABTS teletext. == Urutonde rwa Serivisi za Teletext Yabayapani == * ''[[Telemo Japan|Telemo Yapani]]'' ( NHK ) * ''[[TV Asahi Data Vision|TV Asahi Icyerekezo]]'' ( TV Asahi ) (7 Mata 1986 - 24 Nyakanga 2011) * ''[[AXES4]]'' ( Nippon TV ) (1985 - 31 Werurwe 2007) * ''[[Tokyo Data Vision|Icyerekezo cya Tokiyo]]'' ( TBS ) * Fuji TV * Televiziyo ya Metropolitani * ''[[Nikkei Telepress]]'' ( TV Tokiyo ) * [[Antiope (teletext)|Antiope]] - Igipimo cyitumanaho cyigifaransa (CCIR Teletext Sisitemu A) * NABTS - Amajyaruguru ya Amerika Yerekana Itumanaho (CCIR Teletext Sisitemu C) * CAPTAIN - Sisitemu ya videotex yubuyapani yakozwe na NTT * NAPLPS - Syntax ya Amerika y'Amajyaruguru Yerekana Urwego * Amashusho yerekana amashusho * Inyandiko isobanura == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 2uev40nqau1tbw2hlw0los0zs1kjtyd 0 20941 139343 138141 2026-09-23T07:49:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139343 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tazti''' ni porogaramu yo kumenyekanisha imvugo yatunganijwe kandi igurishwa nikigo cya Voice Tech Group, Inc. kuri mudasobwa bwite ya Windows. Porogaramu iheruka ni verisiyo 3.2, <ref>{{Cite web |last=voicetechgroup.com |date=2007-06-20 |title=Voice Recognition Software &#124; Speech Recognition Software |url=https://www.tazti.com/ |access-date=2013-12-31 |publisher=Tazti |archive-date=2012-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213161257/http://www.tazti.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ishyigikira Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8 na Windows 7 <ref>{{Cite web |last=voicetechgroup.com |date=2007-06-20 |title=Downloads &#124; Tazti &#124; Voice Recognition Software &#124; Speech Recognition Software |url=https://www.tazti.com/downloads.php |access-date=2013-12-31 |publisher=tazti |archive-date=2014-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101062937/http://www.tazti.com/downloads.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> 64-bit. Ubusanzwe verisiyo ya Tazti yashyigikiraga Windows Vista na Windows XP. Ibintu by'ibanze bya Tazti ni ugukina imikino ya videwo ya PC mu majwi, kugenzura porogaramu za PC mu majwi, no gushyiraho amategeko yo kuvuga kugira ngo ushakishe mugufungura urubuga, cyangwa gukurura sisitemu y'imikorere ya Windows kugira ngo ufungure dosiye, ububiko cyangwa porogaramu. Ubusanzwe verisiyo ya Tazti yarimo uburyo bwa Dictation bwakuweho muri verisiyo iheruka. == Ibiranga == ikoranabuhanga rya Tazti Speech Recognition ifite ibice bine byibanze byimikorere: # Kina imikino ya PC ukoresheje ijwi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Events |date=2010-09-04 |title=Tazti Brings Voice Recognition to PC Games |url=http://thegamefanatics.com/2010/09/04/tazti-brings-voice-recognition-to-pc-games |access-date=2011-11-04 |publisher=The Game Fanatics}}</ref> # Kugenzura porogaramu ishingiye kuri PC na porogaramu ukoresheje ijwi, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Events |date=2013-11-06 |title=Control your PC with these 5 speech recognition programs |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/2055599/control-your-pc-with-these-5-speech-recognition-programs.html |access-date=2013-12-30 |publisher=PC World}}</ref> # Fungura amadosiye, ububiko hamwe nurubuga mugukora amategeko yihariye yo kuvuga no kuyahuza na dosiye, ububiko cyangwa URL y'urubuga. # Koresha porogaramu zirimo ibipimo byumurongo bishobora kuba birimo isazi zicyiciro kugirango ushire Tazti kuri robo, robotike, porogaramu zurubuga, cyangwa desktop cyangwa izindi gahunda zitari igice cya Tazti. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2009-12-15 |title=Lego Mindstorm NXT 2 Robot controlled by Tazti speech recognition |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sviNw4GUk6E |access-date=2011-11-04 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |date=2009-04-23 |title=Lost in Space robot, voice recognition |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqyH7eiMJIA |access-date=2011-11-04 |publisher=YouTube}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Possible voice recognition software for RS Media |url=http://www.robocommunity.com/forum/thread/16820/Possible-voice-recognition-software-for-RS-Media/ |access-date=2011-11-04 |publisher=RoboCommunity |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929203020/http://www.robocommunity.com/forum/thread/16820/Possible-voice-recognition-software-for-RS-Media/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Tazti ikoresha interineti ntyeya. kurugero, umukoresha avuga imvugo yamagambo agaragara muri kumurongo wumukoresha wa interineti nkuko byavuzwe byemerera umukoresha kwemeza nukureba ubuziranenge bwo kuvuga. {| class="wikitable" !Inyandiko ! Itariki yo gusohora ! Sisitemu y'imikorere ishyigikiwe |- | 1.0 | Gicurasi 2007 | XP / XP Pro, Vista |- | 1.1.1 | Kamena 2008 | XP / XP Pro, Vista |- | 1.1.2 | Werurwe 2009 | XP / XP Pro, Vista |- | 2.0.0 | Gicurasi 2010 | XP / XP Pro, Vista, Windows 7 |- | 2.0.2 | Mutarama 2011 | XP / XP Pro, Vista, Windows 7 |- | 2.4 | Ugushyingo 2011 | XP / XP Pro, Vista, Windows 7 |- | 2.4.1 | Gashyantare 2012 | XP / XP Pro, Vista, Windows 7 |- | 3.0 | Nyakanga 2013 | Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 |- | 3.2 | Mutarama 2016 | Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows 10 |} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa software imenyekanisha == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0y38uo6v8ajlkf83d0ppqpgo0btv7m2 0 20946 139417 125283 2026-09-23T09:42:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139417 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Figaro Systems, Inc.''' nisosiyete y'abanyamerika itanga icyicaro hamwe na sisitemu yo kwitwa titre hamwe na sisitemu yububiko bwa opera hamwe nibindi bibuga byerekana imiziki ku isi. Isosiyete ifite icyicaro i Santa Fe, muri New Mexico. Yashinzwe mu 1993 na Patrick Markle, Geoff Webb, na Ron Erkman kandi ni yo sosiyete ya mbere yatanze ikoranabuhanga ryifashisha rituma abantu ku giti cyabo, icyarimwe, bavuga indimi nyinshi ndetse no gusoma- libretto -basomera abumva. == Amateka == Sisitemu ya Figaro yakuze mu kiganiro mu 1992 hagati ya batatu bakorana na opera: Patrick Markle, icyo gihe Umuyobozi w’umusaruro wa Santa Fe Opera, Geoffrey Webb, Umushakashatsi w’ibishushanyo mbonera bya Metropolitan i New York, na Ronald Erkman, wari umutekinisiye wa Met. Muri kiriya gihe, amazu ya opera yari afite uburyo bubiri bwo kwerekana libretto hamwe na subtitles y'ibiganiro: projection kuri ecran nini hejuru ya stage cyangwa kuri ecran ntoya muri theatre. Ubusanzwe, ubusobanuro bwayo bwari mu rurimi rumwe. Itegeko ry’Abanyamerika bafite ubumuga ryo mu 1990 ryari rimaze gushyirwaho; Markle yagerageje gukemura ikibazo cy'ahantu hatandukanye hatabaga hagenewe kwakira abantu bafite ubumuga, harimo nabatumva neza. Markle, Webb, na Erkman bakoze igishushanyo mbonera (prototype) cya mbere cy’icyicaro cy’umuntu ku giti cye maze John Crosby, icyo gihe wari Umuyobozi mukuru wa Santa Fe Opera,yabonye ko icyo gitekerezo cyagira akamaro kubantu bareba opera. Markle, Webb, na Erkman barushijeho gushimangirwa no gusobanukirwa uruhare rw’ikoranabuhanga mu gukemura inzitizi z’umubiri abantu bahura nazo, ku isi hose, zibabuza cyangwa zikabangmira uburyo babona ibikorwa by'ubugeni n'imyidagaduro ibonwa n'amaso.<ref>{{Cite web |title="&#91;&#91;User-friendly&#93;&#93; art: In-seat text displays that subtitle and translate", ''Auditoria'', May 2007 |url=http://figarosystems.com/linkdownloads/052007_figaro_auditoria_article.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110711000223/http://figarosystems.com/linkdownloads/052007_figaro_auditoria_article.pdf |archive-date=2011-07-11 |access-date=2008-06-12}}</ref> Markle, Webb, na Erkman basabye kandi bahabwa patenti kubyo bahimbye. Umugiraneza n'umushoramari Alberto Vilar yabaze sisitemu ya Figaro mubigo yari afite abanyamigabane benshi. Yatanze sisitemu ya elegitoroniki ya libretto yikigo muburayi harimo na Royal Opera House i Londres, Teatro degli Arcimboldi ya La Scala i Milan mu Butaliyani, Gran Teatre del Liceu i Barcelona, Espanye, na Wiener Staatsoper i Wien muri Otirishiya. Kubera kunanirwa kwishyura impano yasezeranijwe, amenshi muri ayo masosiyete yatakaje amafaranga. Mu 2005, Met yashinjaga isosiyete ya New Mexico gukoresha izina ryayo mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko mu kwamamaza "Simultext, sisitemu uregwa avuga ko ishobora kwerekana icyarimwe cya opera kuko kibera kuri stage kandi ko uregwa yari ahagarariye ko sisitemu yayo yashyizwe kuri Met." == Ibicuruzwa n'ikoranabuhanga == Ibicuruzwa by'asosiyete bizwi muburyo butandukanye nkicyicaro cyinyuma, surtitles, sisitemu ya libretto ya elegitoronike ya opera, amazina ateganijwe, hamwe nubusobanuro bwa libretto. Ibibuga bya Opera byakoresheje sisitemu yo kwerekana librettos [[Icyongereza|mucyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]], [[Ikidage]], Ubutaliyani, [[Ikiyapani]], Ikimandare, [[Kirusiya|Ikirusiya]], [[Icyesipanyole|n'Icyesipanyoli]] nubwo porogaramu ituma gusoma libretto mu rurimi urwo ari rwo rwose rwanditse. Ubusobanuro butangwa na ecran imwe na sisitemu yo gutanga kuri buri muntu. Mubisanzwe, ariko ntabwo mubihe byose, sisitemu yashizwe burundu inyuma yumurongo wintebe. Buri ecran ihagaze kuburyo inyandiko igaragara neza kuri buri muntu uyikoresha. Iyerekanwa ryabanje kuboneka muri vacuum fluorescent yerekana (VFD) hanyuma, mu 2000, ikoreshwa rya flux-kristu (LCD). Mu 2004 ibyerekanwe byabonetse hamwe na ecran ya diode (OLED). Buri bwoko bwerekana amakuru amwe hamwe na progaramu ya annotasiyo kumirongo umunani icyarimwe, ishobora kuzimya uyikoresha, kandi ikoreshwa nabakoresha na buto imwe. Porogaramu ishoboye gushyigikira ibibuga 'sisitemu zihari kimwe na sisitemu ya Figaro' "Simultext". Porogaramu ituma umurongo wa buri murongo uko uririmbwa, kandi igaragara ako kanya kuri ecran. Isosiyete yubaka sisitemu yuzuye harimo na ecran yayo idafite intoki kubakoresha badashobora gukoresha sisitemu yo kwicara, urugero abantu bari mu [[Wheelchair|magare y’ibimuga]], bashobora kuba bareba opera mu bice bidafite aho bicara, cyangwa abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. == Ibibuga == Muri Amerika, sisitemu y’isosiyete ikoreshwa mu nzu ya Opera Caulkins [ Kolorado, Opera ya Santa Fe muri Santa Fe, Des Moines Metro Opera muri Des Moines, Iowa, na Lyric Opera yo mu mujyi wa Kansas, Missouri. Mu Bwongereza no mu Burayi, sisitemu zashyizwe mu bibuga birimo Royal Opera House i Londres, Teatro alla Scala na Teatro degli Arcimboldi ya La Scala i Milan mu Butaliyani, Gran Teatre del Liceu i Barcelona, Espanye, na Wiener Staatsoper i Wien, Otirishiya. == Ibihembo == Mu 2001, isosiyete yatsindiye igihembo cya Los Alamos Laboratories 'Technology Commercialization Award kubera sisitemu ya Simultext. Mu mwaka wa 2008, porogaramu y’isosiyete yari umwe mu bane bahatanira igihembo cy’indashyikirwa muri porogaramu z'ubucuruzi zatanzwe na New Mexico Technology Technology and Software Association. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2020)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> 582g9vx53ig5bqxau1t952wfojzchws 0 20958 139425 135467 2026-09-23T09:43:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139425 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Electropalatography''' (EPG) n'ubuhanga cyangwa uburyo bwo kureba aho ururimi ruhura n'imberey'akanwa, cyane cyane mugihe umuntu avugira amagambo. <ref name="Zanuy">{{Cite book |last=Zanuy |first=Marcos Faúndez |author-link=Marcos Faúndez Zanuy |year=2005 |title=Nonlinear analyses and algorithms for speech processing: International Conference on Non-Linear Speech Processing, NOLISP 2005, Barcelona, Spain, April 19–22, 2005 : revised selected papers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJVsgsvURiUC&q=Electropalatography&pg=PA186 |publisher=Springer Science & Business |isbn=3-540-31257-9 |location= |page=186}}</ref> Agahimba k'akanwa kauguruye(artificial palate) gakozwe muburyo gahura neza n'imbere y'akanwa k'umuntu. Ako gahimba gafite utwuma tw'amashanyarazi (electrodes) tuzajya duhura n'ururimi. Iyo guhura bibaye hagati yururimi na electrode iyo ari yo yose, cyane cyane hagati y'uruhande rw'ururimi n'imbibi za palate ikomeye, ibimenyetso bya elegitoronike byoherezwa mubice bitunganya hanze. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Baken |first=R.J. |date=1987 |title=Clinical Measurement of Speech and Voice |url=https://archive.org/details/clinicalmeasurem0000bake_m1g8 |publisher=Taylor and Francis |page=[https://archive.org/details/clinicalmeasurem0000bake_m1g8/page/442 442]}}</ref> EPG itanga imbaraga-nyayo-nyayo yibitekerezo byerekana ahantu hamwe nigihe cyo guhuza ururimi hamwe na palate ikomeye. Ibisobanuro birambuye byururimi mugihe cyo kuvuga byanditswe, bitanga amakuru ataziguye umuntu ashobora gukoresha mubuvuzi kugirango akurikirane kandi atezimbere uburyo bwabo bwo kuvuga. Ibitekerezo biboneka ni ngombwa cyane mugutsinda kuvura abana batumva. [[Dosiye:Electropalate-vertical.jpg|thumb|Igishushanyo.1 Amashanyarazi]] Electropalatography yabanje gutekerezwa kandi itezwa imbere nkigikoresho cyubushakashatsi bwa fonetika kugirango tunononsore uburyo gakondo bwa palatografiya. Abashakashatsi mu ndimi za gisirikari n’amasomo bakoresheje ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki ya elegitoroniki kugira ngo babone amakuru nyayo yerekeye guhuza ururimi n’indimi mu ndimi nyinshi z’amahanga. Ibikoresho bya mbere bya EPG byakoreshaga amashanyarazi ataziguye kugirango akoreshe ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma byifashishwa. Umunwa (electropalates) mubusanzwe wasaga cyane nicyapa cyerekana amenyo agezweho. Mouthpiece yarushijeho guhindurwa mugihe, ibyo bikaba byemerera ubushakashatsi bunoze. Igishushanyo 1 kirerekana amashanyarazi asanzwe muri sisitemu yo Gusoma. EPG yongeyeho ubushishozi muburyo bwo gusobanukirwa amasomo ya fonetika. Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970 abantu benshi bigenga hamwe n’amasosiyete bamenye ubushobozi bwa EPG bwo kwigisha no kuvura. Nubwo inshuro nyinshi zagerageje guhindura ibikoresho bya injeniyeri EPG yo kuvura imvugo, ibigo byinshi byananiwe gucuruza EPG neza. Ibikoresho bya EPG bikomeje kuba ibikoresho bihenze cyane byo kuvura imvugo nubushakashatsi bwa fonetika, nubwo amakuru batanga biragoye kuyabona ukoresheje ubundi buryo bwo gutanga ibitekerezo byerekana neza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A history of EPG |url=http://www.articulateinstruments.com/a-history-of-epg/ |publisher=Articulate Technologies |access-date=2025-10-23 |archive-date=2025-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251011004743/https://www.articulateinstruments.com/a-history-of-epg/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Mu bushakashatsi bwa fonetike == Nubwo byinshi mu iterambere rya EPG byeguriwe amavuriro, yakoreshejwe mu iperereza ryinshi rya laboratoire. Kibuye (1997) urutonde rwibice bitatu byingenzi byubushakashatsi: * study of the physiology of consonant articulations involving lingual-palatal contact * study of the size and shape of oral constrictions in the production of fricative consonants * the effect of neighbouring vowels on consonants production (coarticulation) [[Dosiye:Epg-frames.JPG|thumb|Igishushanyo.2 Icapa rya Electropalatography]] Iyo electropalatografiya ikoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwijambo, amakuru avuye mururimi-palate yatoranijwe na mudasobwa igenzura kuri frame 100 kumasegonda. Mu minsi ya mbere (mugihe ibyerekanwe bya digitale bitari hose kandi bigarukira), amakuru yacapishijwe kumpapuro kugirango asesengurwe. Urugero rwo gucapura rushobora kuboneka ku gishushanyo cya 2, aho urukurikirane ruva hejuru kugeza hasi, kandi aho ikimenyetso cya 'O' cyerekana guhuza na '.' yerekana ko ntaho ahurira. Imvugo yerekanwe ni 'catkin' /kæt.kɪn/; icyitegererezo gifite nimero 344 yerekana mugihe / t / gufunga birangiye, no kumurongo wa 350 hariho gufunga byuzuye. Gufunga alveolar irekurwa kuri 351. Guhuza ingingo ya articulatory (itumvikana) birerekanwa neza. Amakadiri yihariye yamakuru ya EPG arashobora gukoreshwa mugusobanura ibisobanuro byerekana amajwi, kandi ibi bikorwa na Cruttenden kubantu bose bavuga icyongereza (RP). <ref>{{Cite book |last=Cruttenden, A., ed. Gimson |date=2014 |title=Gimson's Pronunciation of English |publisher=Arnold |edition=8th}}</ref> Mu bushakashatsi bumwe na bumwe, gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi birashobora gukusanyirizwa hamwe kugirango bitange ibishushanyo mbonera byerekana ururimi-mu buryo bugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no guhindagurika ku kimenyetso kimwe. Ibi byakozwe na Farnetani mubushakashatsi bwerekeye coarticulation yubutaliyani nigifaransa. == Abatanga == Abakora ibintu bitatu byibanze bakora ibikoresho bya EPG barahari: [[CompleteSpeech|ByuzuyeSpeech]] muri Amerika, [[Articulate Instruments|Ibikoresho byerekana neza]], na [[icSpeech]] mubwongereza. Completespeech nisosiyete yigenga kabuhariwe mu kuvura imvugo yerekanwe ibikoresho bya EPG, byiswe Sisitemu ya SmartPalate. Sisitemu ya SmartPalate ikoresha urupapuro rusanzwe rwerekana sensor hamwe na sensor 126 zashyizwe kumurongo wihariye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Plauche |first=Tanner |title=What is SmartPalate |url=http://www.completespeech.com/speech/smartpalate1/what_is_a_smartpalate/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514094750/http://www.completespeech.com/speech/smartpalate1/what_is_a_smartpalate/ |archive-date=2014-05-14 |access-date=2014-05-13 |publisher=CompleteSpeech}}</ref> Ibikoresho bisobanutse bitanga ubuvuzi bw'amagambo hamwe n'ubushakashatsi bwerekeranye na EPG umunwa, byiswe Gusoma Palate na The Articulate Palate. Igikoresho cyerekana ibyuma bya EPG ni ahantu hamwe n'intoki kubakoresha kugiti cyabo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hardcastle |first=William |title=Making plaster models for EPG palates |url=http://www.articulateinstruments.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Information-for-making-plaster-impressions-4.pdf |access-date=2014-05-13 |publisher=Articulate Instruments |archive-date=2014-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140514102305/http://www.articulateinstruments.com/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/Information-for-making-plaster-impressions-4.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> IcSpeech, yiswe LinguaGraph, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The LinguaGraph Electropalatography System |url=https://icspeech.com/electropalatography.html |access-date=2022-02-20 |publisher=icSpeech}}</ref> ikoresha kandi Palate yo gusoma. == Mu kuvura == Electropalatography yakozweho ubushakashatsi mu baturage batandukanye, barimo abana bafite amagage, abana barwaye syndrome de Down, abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, abana batewe na cochlear, abana bafite ubumuga bw’ubwonko ndetse n'abantu bakuru bafite indwara ya Parkinson. Ubuvuzi bwagaragaje ko bwatsinze mubantu bapimwe. Ubushakashatsi <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; &#x5D; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2007)">nubunini</span></nowiki>''</sup> Hakenewe ubushakashatsi burambye (Longitudinal studies) bukorwa kubantu benshi (sample sizes) kugirango hamenyekane neza gahunda y'ubuvuzi izatanga umusaruro mu gihe kirekire. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ordtre3gteokh2w5eyke0tv4dcpn5qy 0 20977 139468 125335 2026-09-23T09:48:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139468 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Extron_DMP_128-6212.jpg|thumb|Extron DMP 128 - 12x8 ProDSP Process Umuyoboro wa Matrix]] [[Dosiye:Extron_MLC_226_IP_Controller.jpg|thumb|MLC 226 IP - Yongerewe MediaLink Igenzura hamwe na Ethernet Igenzura]] '''Extron''', yahoze yitwa '''Extron Electronics''', ni uruganda rukora ibikoresho byamajwi byumwuga. Ifite icyicaro i Anaheim, muri Californiya. Extron ikora ibiro birenga 30 hamwe namahugurwa yo mukarere hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kwerekana <ref>{{Cite web |title=Company Background {{!}} Extron |url=http://www.extron.com/company/article.aspx?id=company&s=cb |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161104080204/http://www.extron.com/company/article.aspx?id=company&s=cb |archive-date=2016-11-04 |access-date=2016-11-03 |website=www.extron.com}}</ref> ku isi. Ibicuruzwa bya Extron bikoreshwa muguhuza amashusho na nikorana buhanga rya mudasobwa, guhinduranya, no gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso kubigaragaza byumwuga hamwe na umushinga. Isosiyete ni ISO 9001: 2015 yemejwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Extron Receives ISO 9001:2015 Certification {{!}} Extron |url=http://www.extron.com/company/article.aspx?id=iso9001_do |access-date=2016-11-03 |website=www.extron.com}}</ref> Muri 2004, Extron yinjiye muri sisitemu yo kugenzura isoko. Ubu itanga uburyo bwo kugenzura ndetse no gutunganya amajwi, buto ya buto, gukoraho, <ref name="extron.com">{{Cite web |title=Extron Announces A New Era for Control {{!}} Extron |url=http://www.extron.com/company/article.aspx?id=proseriespr |access-date=2016-11-03 |website=www.extron.com}}</ref> hamwe nibisubizo byinshi bya software. Muri 2010, Extron yaguze igabana ryibicuruzwa bya Electrosonic. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Extron acquires products group from Electrosonic - Professional Audio, Video & Lighting Technology News &#124; Installation – Online & in Print |url=http://www.installation-international.com/main-content/full/extron-acquires-products-group-from-electrosonic;jsessionid=11388621610D17300025F9F004C33B03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106110319/http://www.installation-international.com/main-content/full/extron-acquires-products-group-from-electrosonic;jsessionid=11388621610D17300025F9F004C33B03 |archive-date=2013-01-06 |access-date=2012-11-27}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Extron Acquires Streaming Technology |url=http://svconline.com/proav/pro-av-articles_extron-acquires-streaming-technology/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130106063700/http://www.svconline.com/proav/pro-av-articles_extron-acquires-streaming-technology/ |archive-date=2013-01-06 |access-date=2012-11-27}}</ref> Muri 2012 Extron yafunguye amagorofa yo gukoreramo yayo atandatu, metero kare 200.000 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Extron to Expand Corporate Headquarters in Anaheim {{!}} Extron |url=http://www.extron.com/company/article.aspx?id=anahhqpr |access-date=2016-11-03 |website=www.extron.com}}</ref> icyicaro gikuru ku isi muri Anaheim; harimo ikigo cyamahugurwa, inkunga ya tekiniki n'ibiro byo kwamamaza, hamwe na resitora yitwa Ubworozi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About - The Ranch Restaurant & Saloon & Private Dining & Events Center |url=http://www.theranch.com/company/about.aspx |access-date=2016-11-03 |website=www.theranch.com}}</ref> Muri 2014, Extron yinjiye mwisoko ryo gufata amasomo hamwe nibikoresho byuma bifata ibimenyetso bya videwo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Extron Tackles Lecture Capture with the Introduction of the SMP 351 and FlexOS {{!}} Extron |url=http://www.extron.com/company/article.aspx?id=smp351pr&version=print |access-date=2016-11-03 |website=www.extron.com}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 0gp0w63gqsz5pthrpg311m6n7jcdm4d 0 20982 139344 134507 2026-09-23T07:49:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139344 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cognitive orthotics''' ni sisitemu zishingiye kuri porogaramu (software) zifasha abantu bafite ubumuga bwo mumitekerereze, nk'abibagirwa,zibibutsa ibintu by'ingenzi mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Ubumuga bwo mumitekerereze burashobora gutera ibibazo mu bushobozi bwo kwigenga, harimo n'ibikorwa by'ubuzima bwa buri munsi. Abafite ubumuga bworoheje bw’ubwenge barashobora kubona ubumenyi bwigenga buhagije, mu gihe abashyizwe mu majwi nk’abafite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe budakunze kugera kuri urwo rwego rw'ubwigenge. Mugihe gahunda za mahugurwa zishobora kuba uburyo bwo gucengeza no gushyigikira ubuzima bwigenga, izo gahunda zerekanye intsinzi zitandukanye, bitewe n'umuntu uvugwa nimirimo ashinzwe. Umubare w'intambwe cyangwa ibintu bigoye by'imirimo isanzwe ya buri munsi birashobora gutuma bigora umuntu ufite ubumuga bwo kutamenya, kandi ikosa mubyiciro byose rishobora kuganisha kubisubizo bitemewe. <ref name="yanna-dissertation" /> Ibikoresho nka mudasobwa byakoreshejwe mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abantu bafite ibikomere mu bwonko. Guhera kuri "prostothique memoire" no mu myaka ya za 1980 yerekeza ku gukemura ikibazo cy'ubwonko bukorwa binyuze mu myitozo isubiramo, abahanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu ni bo bonyine bakoraga porogaramu ku barwayi bakomeretse mu bwonko, bigatuma porogaramu zihari. Inzobere mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe zahisemo imikino yo kuri mudasobwa iboneka mu bucuruzi ishimishije cyane, ishishikaje, isubiramo, kandi ishimishije, yerekana ingaruka zishobora gukosorwa ku mikorere mibi ya neuropsychologue. Ibyavuye mu bikorwa bya mbere byo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe mudasobwa byagabanijwe kandi, mu bice byinshi, ntibyari byitezwe. Mugihe imyitozo isubiramo yatezimbere imikorere mubikorwa byihariye byakorwaga, iyi ngaruka ntabwo yageze no mubindi bikorwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lynch |first=Bill |date=October 2002 |title=Historical Review of Computer-assisted Cognitive Retraining: |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-head-trauma-rehabilitation_2002-10_17_5/page/446 |journal=Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation |volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=446–457 |doi=10.1097/00001199-200210000-00006 |pmid=12802254}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kurlychek |first=RT |last2=Levin |first2=W |date=1987 |title=Computers in the cognitive rehabilitation of brain-injured persons. |journal=Critical reviews in medical informatics |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=241-57 |pmid=3330692}}</ref> Abantu bashobora kungukira mur cognitive orthotics barimo abasaza cyangwa abakuze, abantu bagize impanuka z'ingenge(TBI), abantu bafite ibibazo byo kwibagirwa, cyangwa ufite ubundi bumuga [[Handicap mental|bwo mu mitekerereze]] cyangwa mu mikurirre. Porogaramu irashobora kuba ikubiyemo ibintu byo kwiga imashini, ubwenge bwubukorikori, hamwe no kumenya imiterere kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byabantu muburyo bukwiye. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Szabó |first=Patrícia |last2=Ara |first2=Jinat |last3=Halmosi |first3=Bence |last4=Sik-Lanyi |first4=Cecilia |last5=Guzsvinecz |first5=Tibor |date=8 September 2023 |title=Technologies Designed to Assist Individuals with Cognitive Impairments |journal=Sustainability |volume=15 |issue=18 |bibcode=2023Sust...1513490S |doi=10.3390/su151813490 |doi-access=free |article-number=13490}}</ref> kjskwtvifm0xso0m1e0qa5pvukoinwq 0 20984 139437 125345 2026-09-23T09:44:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139437 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Cambium Learning Group''' nisosiyete ikora ibijyanye n’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga muri Amerika ikora porogaramu ya mudasobwa n’ibikoresho bikoresha abanyeshuri kuva mu ishuri ry’incuke kugeza ku bakuze. Kwiga kwa Cambium nisosiyete ya portfolio ya Veritas Capital, ikigo cyigenga cyigenga cya New York. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Glick |first=Ben |date=2018-12-19 |title=Veritas Capital Completes Acquisition of Cambium Learning Group |url=https://middlemarketgrowth.org/deal-news-vertias-buys-cambium/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=Middle Market Growth |language=en-CA}}</ref> == Amateka == Isosiyete Dallas, Texas ishingiye kuri Texas yashinzwe mu 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2023 |title=Top edtech trends, companies, and VC deals |url=https://pitchbook.com/blog/top-edtech-trends-deals-and-companies |website=Pitchbook}}</ref> Amashami y'iyi kompanyi y'ubucuruzi yitwa Learning AZ, Learning Lexia, VoyagerSopris, ExploreLearning, Cambium Assessment, [[Kurzweil Educational Systems|Kurzweil Education]], na VKidz. Nyuma yimyaka irenga 18 akorana niyi sosiyete, Umuyobozi mukuru John Campbell yasezeye muri Gicurasi 2022, asimburwa na Ashley Anderson Zantop. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Cambium Learning Group Names Ashley Andersen Zantop as CEO and Chairman |url=https://www.k12dive.com/press-release/20220405-cambium-learning-group-names-ashley-andersen-zantop-as-ceo-and-chairman-1/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=K-12 Dive |language=en-US}}</ref> == Kugura == Uburezi bwa Kurzweil (ahahoze ari Kurzweil Educational Systems) bwaguzwe muri Mata 2005. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2005 |title=Kurzweil Educational Systems bought by Natick's Cambium |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/boston/blog/mass-high-tech/2005/04/kurzweil-educational-systems-bought.html |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=bizjournals.com}}</ref> Ukuboza 2009,Cambium Learning na Voyager Sopris Learning (yahoze yitwa Voyager Learning Company) byahujwe na sosiyete nshya yashinzwe Cambium Learning Group, Inc. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=PE Hub |date=2009-12-09 |title=Voyager Learning Completes Cambium Merger |url=https://www.pehub.com/voyager-learning-completes-cambium-merger/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=PE Hub |language=en-US}}</ref> Isosiyete yaguze Class.com mu 2011 ku mafaranga miliyoni 4.5 y’amadolari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff |first=Site |date=2011-09-22 |title=Cambium Learning Group Inc. to Acquire Class.com |url=https://www.chieflearningofficer.com/2011/09/22/cambium-learning-group-inc-to-acquire-class-com/ |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=Chief Learning Officer - CLO Media |language=en-US}}</ref> VKidz Holdings, Inc. yaguzwe mu Kuboza <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lowenstein Represents Cambium Learning Group, Inc. in $900 Million Merger Agreement With Veritas Capital (Siesser, Klinka, Gillar) {{!}} Lowenstein Sandler LLP |url=https://www.lowenstein.com/news-insights/firm-news/lowenstein-represents-cambium-learning-group-inc-in-900-million-merger-agreement-with-veritas-capital-siesser-klinka-gillar |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=www.lowenstein.com |language=en}}</ref> Kwiga kwa Cambium byabonye Ikigo cy’Abanyamerika gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi (AIR) K-12 cyo gusuzuma muri Mutarama 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-08-22 |title=Cambium Learning Group to Acquire Assessment Division of Nonprofit AIR - EdSurge News |url=https://www.edsurge.com/news/2019-08-22-cambium-buys-assessment-division-of-nonprofit-air |access-date=2024-09-24 |website=EdSurge |language=en}}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2020, mu masezerano y’amafaranga yose, Cambium yaguze Rosetta Kibuye ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 792 z'amadolari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bradley |first=Brian |date=2020-09-01 |title=K-12 Dealmaking: Cambium Learning Group Acquires Rosetta Stone; IXL Learning Acquires Australian Firm |url=https://marketbrief.edweek.org/strategy-operations/k-12-dealmaking-cambium-learning-group-acquires-rosetta-stone-ixl-learning-acquires-australian-firm/2020/09 |access-date=2024-09-26 |website=Marketbrief |language=en}}</ref> Umwaka wakurikiyeho muri Gashyantare 2021, isosiyete yagurishije imigabane yayo ya Rosetta Stone muri IXL Learning. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Womack |first=Brian |date=8 February 2021 |title=DFW company sells Rosetta Stone's language unit after purchasing it last year |url=https://www.bizjournals.com/dallas/news/2021/02/08/cambium-rosetta-stone.html |access-date=2024-01-10 |website=bizjournals}}</ref> Iyi kompanyi yaguze Lexia muri Ukwakira 2020, naho mu 2021, Lexia ifatanya cg ihuzwa na Voyager Sopris ngo habeho Lexia Learning. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Post |first=Sponsor |title=One edtech company is leading the new era of technology-enhanced education. Here's how their learning experiences benefit students and educators. |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/sc/how-cambium-is-helping-students-learn-with-technology-2021-11 |access-date=2024-09-12 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2021, Blackstone Group Inc yafashije gutanga inkunga ingana na miliyari 2.15 z'amadorali yo kwiga Cambium Learning Group. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Lisa |date=July 28, 2021 |title=Blackstone gives $2.2 Billion Loan as Private Debt Sets Records |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-07-28/blackstone-gives-2-2-billion-loan-as-private-debt-sets-records |access-date=July 29, 2025 |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> k1wgpuanvflcml29zr031hwfhn3nmd6 0 20988 139373 125349 2026-09-23T09:09:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139373 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Six_Principal_Systems_of_Embossed_Type.jpg|right|thumb|300x300px|Sisitemu esheshatu zingenzi zubwoko bukoreshwa c. 1900: Haüy, Gall, Howe, Ukwezi, Braille, Tegereza]] '''Tactile Alphabet''' ni uburyo bwo kwandika ndetse no gusoma bukoreshwa n'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. Mugihe kuri ubu sisitemu ya [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|Braille]] niyo izwi cyane kandi ibikoresho bimwe byateguwe muburyo bwukwezi, mumateka, izindi nyuguti nyinshi zifite ubundi buryo bwinshi bwo kugirango uzisobanukirwe: == Sisitemu ishingiye ku nyuguti z'Abaroma == * Ubwoko bw'ukwezi * Sisitemu ya Valentin Haüy (muburyo bwitondewe ) * "Inyuguti ya mpandeshatu" ya James Gall, akoresheje inyuguti nkuru n’inyuguti nto, yakoreshejwe mu 1826 mu bitabo bya mbere bishushanyije byasohotse mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]] * Sisitemu ya [[Edmund Frye]] (inyuguti nkuru gusa) * Sisitemu ya John Alston (inyuguti nkuru gusa) * Sisitemu ya [[Jacob Snider, Jr.]], akoresheje inyuguti zegeranye zisa na sisitemu ya Haüy, yakoreshejwe mu gusohora [[Igitabo cya Mariko|Ivanjili ya Mariko]] mu 1834, igitabo cya mbere cyanditsweho muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]]. * Samuel Gridley Howe ' [[Boston line letter|Boston Line]] ukoresheje inyuguti ntoya, yatewe na sisitemu ya Gall ariko isa cyane ninyuguti zisanzwe z'Abaroma * Umurongo wa Philadelphia wa Julius Reinhold Friedlander, ukoresheje inyuguti nkuru zose, zisa na sisitemu ya Alston, zikoreshwa mu kigo cya Pennsylvania gishinzwe kwigisha abatabona (ubu ni ishuri rya Overbrook ry’abatabona) muri Philadelphia * Sisitemu ya William Chapin (no mu kigo cya Pennsylvania), ahuza inyuguti nto z'umurongo wa Boston n'umurwa mukuru wa Philadelphia, agakora "sisitemu ihuriweho" (yakoreshejwe mu 1868 mu bitabo byacapwe na [[N. B. Kneass, Jr.|NB Kneass, Jr.]] ) * [[Elia Chepaitis]] 'ELIA Frame tactile alphabet / imyandikire yimyandikire ikubiyemo ibintu byingenzi biranga inyuguti yikiromani murwego. Ikadiri yerekana aho inyuguti itangirira kandi ikarangirira kandi ikemerera ubushakashatsi buri gihe. Gukoresha imiterere yinyuguti yikiromani mubishushanyo bifasha abantu babonaga mbere kubyiga. Kandi ibisa nayo nimyandikire isanzwe yabaroma ifasha abarezi bareba kwiga no gusangira inyuguti nabantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Comparison of the ELIA and Braille Tactile Alphabets for Adult Visually Impaired Readers -- Chepaitis et al. 46 (5): 4590 -- ARVO Meeting Abstracts |url=http://abstracts.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/5/4590/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523230815/http://abstracts.iovs.org/cgi/content/abstract/46/5/4590 |archive-date=2014-05-23 |access-date=2014-05-23}}</ref> * Decapoint - Uburyo butagikoreshwa bwimyandikire yikilatini == Sisitemu ishingiye ku kadomo == * Kwandika nijoro * [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|Braille]] * New York Point, sisitemu yamanota yahimbwe na William Bell Wait, yarushanwe na braille mugihe runaka mbere yuko braille itsindira == Sisitemu ishingiye ku bimenyetso uko bishakiye == * Sisitemu ya Thomas Lucas, ishingiye ku magambo ahinnye na fonetike * Sisitemu ya James Hatley Frere, isa na Lucas kuko yari ishingiye ku magambo ahinnye, ariko yanditswe muburyo bwa boustrophedon * [[Vibratese]] == Reba kandi == * Igishushanyo mbonera * Sisitemu y'ibimenyetso bifatika == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Cite book |pages=79}}[Original from Columbia University Digitized Aug 18, 2009][GILBERT AND RIVINGTON, LD., ST JOHN'S HOUSE, CLERKENWELL ROAD, LONDON, E.C.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120330204406/http://www.braille.org/papers/lorimer/title.html A Critical Evaluation of the Historical Development of the Tactile Modes and Reading and an Analysis and Evaluation of Researches Carried out in Endeavors to make the Braille code Easier to Read and to Write] * [http://www.braille.org/papers/lorimer/chap3.html chapter 3: Early British Codes] * Virtual Exhibition "Signs - Books - Networks" of the German Museum of Books and Writing: [http://mediengeschichte.dnb.de/DBSMZBN/Content/EN/SoundsSymbolsScript/01-blindenschrift-en.html Braille] {{Braille}}Amashakiro{{Reflist}} 0g9jxh4upqfhrllzh7tky46hn6wooqr 0 20993 139509 125610 2026-09-23T10:00:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139509 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Moon System ikoreshwa mu Gusoma Ibishushanyo''' (bakunze kwita '''ukwezi kwandikwa''', '''Inyuguti zukwezi''', '''inyandiko yukwezi''', '''ubwoko bwukwezi''', cyangwa '''code yukwezi''' ) nuburyo bwo kwandika bwimpumyi, ukoresheje ibimenyetso bishushanyije ahanini biva mumyandikire yikilatini (ariko byoroshe). Bivugwa n'abayishyigikiye ko byoroshye kubyumva kuruta [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|braille]], nubwo ikoreshwa cyane cyane nabantu bataye amaso nkabantu bakuru, bityo bakaba bafite ubumenyi bwimiterere yinyuguti. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Moon-type-chart.jpg|right|thumb|Imyandikire ya Dr Moon kubatabona, uhereye ''kumucyo we wimpumyi'', yasohotse mu 1877]] Iyi nyandiko yitiriwe Moon Type yakozwe na William Moon (1818—1894), umwongereza w'impumyi uba i Brighton, mu burasirazuba bwa Sussex. Nyuma yo kugira umuriro utukura, Moon yabuze amaso afite imyaka 21 aba umwarimu wabana batabona. Yabonye ko abanyeshuri be bagize ikibazo cyo kwiga gusoma uburyo buriho bwo gusoma kodegisi yo gusoma, maze ategura sisitemu ye bwite "izakingurwa kandi isobanutse neza." Moon type yatangijwe mu 1843 William kandi asohora gahunda muri 1845. Ukwezi ntabwo kuzwi nka [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|braille]], ariko nubundi buryo bw'agaciro. gukoraho gahunda yo gusoma kubantu batabona cyangwa batabona igice cyimyaka yose. === Indimi z'amahanga === [[Dosiye:Moon-prayer.jpg|left|thumb|Ingero zubwoko bwa Dr Moon kubatabona, "Data ubuhanzi bwo mwijuru" bwakoreshejwe mu ndimi nyinshi, uhereye kumucyo we ''wimpumyi'', wasohotse mu 1877]] === Inzandiko === [[Dosiye:Moonalphabet.svg|Moon alphabet]] [[Dosiye:Typewriter_(30109883013).jpg|thumb|Inyuguti z'ukwezi, harimo kwikuramo]] {| class="wikitable" !Tangira ! 1 ! 2 ! 3 ! 4 ! 5 ! 6 ! 7 ! 8 ! 9 ! 0 |- |[[Dosiye:Moon_alphabet_Numeral_sign.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_A.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_B.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_C.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_D.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_E.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_F.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_G.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_H.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_I.svg|center|frameless]] |[[Dosiye:Moon_Letter_J.svg|center|frameless]] |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Commonscat|Moon alphabet}} * [http://www.deafblind.com/moon.html "Moon Alphabet"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060926190331/http://www.scip.org.uk/moon/homepage.htm "William Moon"] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20031101195012/http://www.bsblind.co.uk/full/moon/moontype.htm The Moon System of Embossed Reading] * [http://www.cs.ubc.ca/projects/knoll/moon.html Online Moon Type Generator] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240723195300/http://www.clearvisionproject.org/Books/index.html ClearVision Project books page] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220527100505/https://www.rnib.org.uk/practical-help/reading/braille-and-moon-tactile-codes/moon Moon] page at the RNIB. * [https://archive.today/20121224091047/http://www.rnib.org.uk/livingwithsightloss/reading/how/braille/tactilecodes/moon/learningmoon/Pages/learning_moon.aspx Learning Moon] * "[http://unicode.org/L2/L2011/11280-n4128-moon.pdf Preliminary proposal for encoding the Moon script in the SMP of the UCS]" at Unicode.org == Reba kandi == * Graffiti / Graffiti 2 writing systems used on Palm OS devices l29ntgiclpnn6ey8akrdnb373y3z47o 0 20997 139197 125358 2026-09-23T07:11:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139197 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Capability scotland''' ni umuryango w'ubugiraneza wo muri scotland washinzwe mu 1946. uherereye i Edinburgh kaandi ukorera mu gihugu hose cya scotland utanga ubafasha, inkunga ,n'uburezi ku bantu babana n'ubumuga .Uyu muryango utanga amazu y'ubuvuzi ubafasha mu rugo ,inkunga y'ubucuruzi n'uburezibwihariye binyuze mu mashuri abiri == Amateka == Ubushobozi Scotland yashinzwe ku ya 31 Ukwakira 1946 nitsinda ryababyeyi ninzobere mu by'ubuzima. Intego yayo ya mbere yari ugufasha abana bafite [[:en:Cerebral_palsy|ubumuga bw'ubwonko(cerebral palsy)]]. Ishuri rya mbere ryafunguwe mu Corstorphine, Edinburgh mu 1948, muri Edinburgh. Mu ntangiriro ya z'imyaka ya 1960, umuryango utabara imbabare watangiye gutegura amahirwe ya akazi kubantu babana n'ubumuga, kandi mu 1973 hashyirwaho inzu ya mbere y’abakuze. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Capability Scotland |url=http://www.capability-scotland.org.uk/media/322437/capability_scotland__facts_sheet_2014.pdf |publisher=Capability Scotland}}</ref> Mu gihe ishuri rya Westerlea rifite icyicaro cya Edinburgh ryafunzwe mu 2016, Ubushobozi bwa Scotland bukora andi mashuri abiri y’ubumenyi bw’inzobere; Inzu ya Stanmore muri Lanark na Corseford School i Kilbarchan. Umushinga mushya washyizweho mu 2021 wo kubaka inzu nshya yita ku baturage mu iterambere rishya ry’abaturage muri Perth ryitwa Bertha Park. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 July 2021 |title=Disabled charity could be set for big move to the outskirts of Perth |url=https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/local-news/disabled-charity-could-set-big-24590213 |access-date=8 October 2021 |publisher=Daily Mail}}</ref> Abagiraneza bagamije kurangiza ibi mu 2026. == Ubufatanye == Ubushobozi Scotland ni umunyamuryango wa Scotland Afite ubumuga hamwe na Sense Scotland, ENABLE Scotland, RNIB Scotland, Igikorwa cyo Kumva Loss Scotland, hamwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe rya Ecosse. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Disability Agenda Scotland |url=http://www.disabilityagendascotland.org.uk/home/members |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304070428/http://www.disabilityagendascotland.org.uk/home/members |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2017-02-12}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Anne Mathams * Ubumuga bwubwonko {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.capability.scot/ Urubuga rwemewe] {{Authority control}} ae4a0ewpj21782pi6yxk19446zr7di2 0 21003 139289 135735 2026-09-23T07:38:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Canine_Companions.jpg|thumb|Canine Companions]] '''Canine Companions for Indepandence''' ni umuryango ukorera muri Amerika 501 (c) (3) udaharanira inyungu uhugura kandi utanga imbwa zifasha. Kuva <ref name="friend">{{Cite book |last=Derr, M. |year=2004 |title=Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-Human Relationship |url=https://archive.org/details/dogsbestfriendan0000derr |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226142807 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dogsbestfriendan0000derr/page/309 309]–311}}</ref>, yashyize imbwa zirenga 6.000 zifasha abayihawe nta kiguzi. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Dote |first=Alyx |title=Local woman receives free service dog |url=http://www.kvoa.com/story/35164884/local-woman-receives-free-service-dog |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170419002922/http://www.kvoa.com/story/35164884/local-woman-receives-free-service-dog |archive-date=2017-04-19 |access-date=2017-04-18 |work=KVOA |language=en |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Urufatiro == Canine Companions for Independence yashinzwe ubwigenge yashinzwe i Santa Rosa, muri Californiya, muri Nyakanga 1975 na Bonnie Bergin nka gahunda ya mbere nk'iyi. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bozzo |first=L. |year=2010 |title=Service Dog Heroes |url=https://archive.org/details/servicedogheroes0000bozz |publisher=Enslow Publishers |isbn=9780766031999}}</ref> Igihe yigishaga muri Aziya, yari yarabonye abamugaye bakoresha [[Indogoba|burros]] maze atekereza ko imbwa zishobora gukora imirimo nk'iyi muri Amerika. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1989-04-16 |title=Dogs and the Disabled: New Role |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/04/16/nyregion/dogs-and-the-disabled-new-role.html |access-date=2015-06-28 |work=[[The New York Times]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Kuva icyo gihe, yakuze iba umuryango wigihugu. Kugeza mu 2024, ifite ibigo birindwi by'imyitozo hamwe n'ibiro by'akazi mu murwa mukuru wa Washington, California, Texas, Ohio, New York, na Floride. Hari kandi amashami menshi, buri rimwe ryunganira abafasha mu kurera imbwa ntoya ( volunteer puppy raisers) ndetse no gutegura ibikorwa byo gukusanya inkunga (fundraising). Uwo muryango uhuza ababana n'ubumuga n'imbwa zitojwe cyane zifasha,kandi ugatanga ubufasha buhoraho ku buntu ku muntu uzibonera.<ref name="friend">{{Cite book |last=Derr, M. |year=2004 |title=Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-Human Relationship |url=https://archive.org/details/dogsbestfriendan0000derr |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226142807 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/dogsbestfriendan0000derr/page/309 309]–311}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFDerr,_M.2004">Derr, M. (2004). ''Dog's Best Friend: Annals of the Dog-Human Relationship''. University of Chicago Press. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">309–</span>311. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/9780226142807|<bdi>9780226142807</bdi>]].</cite></ref> akoreshwa mu bworozi, korora, no guhugura imbwa aterwa inkunga n’impano bwite zitangwa n’amasosiyete, abantu ku giti cyabo, n’indi mishinga, ndetse n’imishinga yo gukusanya inkunga. Bigereranijwe ko buri mbwa ifasha hamwe nubuzima bwose bwo gukurikirana imbwa igura $ 50.000. Umushinga w'Intare Club ku basangirangendo ba Canine ku bwigenge (LPCCI), washinzwe mu 1983 nk'umuntu utanga inkunga ikomeye mu bijyanye n'amafaranga n'ubwitange ku basangirangendo ba Canine, watanze miliyoni 3 z'amadorali. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020 |title=Nonprofit report on Lions Project for Canine Companions for Independence |url=https://greatnonprofits.org/org/lions-project-for-canine-companions-for-independence |website=Lions Project for Canine Companions for Independence}}</ref> Muri 2015, Abasangirangendo ba Canine bafatanije n’ubuzima bw’amatungo ya Henry Schein, utanga ibikomoka ku buzima bw’amatungo ku baveterineri, utanga aborozi b’ibibwana ibicuruzwa byita ku buzima ku buntu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 April 2015 |title=Canine Companions for Independence, Henry Schein Animal Health Form Partnership to Support Volunteer Puppy Raisers and Their Veterinarians |url=http://markets.on.nytimes.com/research/stocks/news/press_release.asp?docTag=201504160800PR_NEWS_USPRX____NY81916&feedID=600&press_symbol=149722 |access-date=June 28, 2015 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Porogaramu idasanzwe, "The Veterans Initiative", itanga imbwa za serivise zahuguwe ku bamugaye n’abakomeretse. <ref name="para">{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Tim W. |title=Organization Offers Free Service Dogs for Veterans in Wounded Veterans Initiative |url=http://www.pva.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=ajIRK9NJLcJ2E&b=6350111&ct=13226903 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630214613/http://www.pva.org/site/apps/nlnet/content2.aspx?c=ajIRK9NJLcJ2E&b=6350111&ct=13226903 |archive-date=June 30, 2015 |access-date=June 28, 2015 |website=Paralyzed Veterans of America}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Beder |first=Joan |date=2012 |title=Advances in Social Work Practice with the Military |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w--pVak8p94C&pg=PT165 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9781136789182 |page=165 |via=Google Books}}</ref> Porogaramu yakiriye inkunga kubufatanye bwa PetSmart na Canine Basangirangendo. Mu <ref name="petsmart">{{Cite web |date=February 14, 2014 |title=New Partnership Between PetSmart and Canine Companions for Independence Helps Wounded Military Veterans |url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/new-partnership-between-petsmart-and-canine-companions-for-independence-helps-wounded-military-veterans-2014-02-14 |access-date=June 28, 2015 |website=MarketWatch}}</ref>, uyu muryango winjiye mu ishami rishinzwe ibibazo by’abasirikare muri Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kugira ngo hamenyekane niba imbwa za serivisi zitezimbere imibereho y’abasirikare bafite ibibazo by’ihungabana nyuma y’ihungabana. <ref>{{Cite news |date=January 31, 2015 |title=Study examines impact of service dogs on veterans with PTSD |url=http://www.stripes.com/news/study-examines-impact-of-service-dogs-on-veterans-with-ptsd-1.327058 |access-date=2015-09-11 |work=[[Stars and Stripes (newspaper)|Stars and Stripes]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Mu mwaka 2017, uwo muryango wakoranye n'ikirango Chrysler ku gikorwa gishya cyo kuri interineti kigamije kongera kumenyekanisha no gushyigikira ibikorwa by'umuryango Canine Companions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Canine Companions for Independence - Meet PacifiPuppy Foley |url=http://www.cci.org/news-media/2017-news/meet.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170412063032/http://www.cci.org/news-media/2017-news/meet.html |archive-date=2017-04-12 |access-date=2017-04-11 |website=www.cci.org}}</ref> Igikorwa cyiswe "Give a Dog a Job" cyemerera abantu gukurikirana imyitozo y'imbwa yitwa Foley,no kugirana ubufatanye na we hamwe n'abamutoza ku rubuga [[Facebook]], Instagram na Twitter. == Imbwa == Abasangirangendo ba Canine bahugura ubwoko butandukanye bwimbwa zikora: imbwa za serivise (urugero, imbwa zifasha kugendagenda, imbwa za serivise kubarokotse bafite ikibazo cy’ihungabana nyuma y’ihungabana ), abasangirangendo babahanga batojwe gukorana n’umuntu mukuru cyangwa umwana ufite ubumuga bayobowe n’umuhugura, kumva imbwa [[Ubumuga bwo kutumva|z’abatumva n’abatumva]], n’imbwa z '“amatsinda y’ibigo.” Amatsinda yibikoresho agizwe nimbwa numufatanyabikorwa wumuntu, ubusanzwe ni inzobere mu gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe, umurezi, cyangwa inzobere mu buvuzi. Izi mbwa zitwara ubuhanga bwimbwa za serivise kimwe nubuhanga bwihariye kuberako serivisi zimbwa zizashyirwa muri gahunda na serivisi. == Ubworozi no kurera == Abasangirangendo ba Canine bakoresha gahunda yo korora kugirango batange imbwa zabo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breeding |url=http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/breeding.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070221042816/http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/breeding.html |archive-date=2007-02-21 |access-date=2007-01-08 |website=CCI}}</ref> Bakoresha Retrievers na Labrador Retrievers, hamwe numusaraba wubwoko bubiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breeding Program |url=http://www.cci.org/site/c.cdKGIRNqEmG/b.4011113/k.A434/Breeding_Program.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160703085349/http://www.cci.org/site/c.cdKGIRNqEmG/b.4011113/k.A434/Breeding_Program.htm |archive-date=2016-07-03 |access-date=2016-06-28 |website=CCI}}</ref> Ibibwana byororerwa nabakorerabushake biyemeje kubika imbwa amezi 16 kugeza 18, <ref name="pup">{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Patricia |date=November 7, 1996 |title=A pup with a purpose |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1996/11/07/a-pup-with-a-purpose/c646c12d-4860-465a-bc5a-8c44b645b7e6/ |access-date=June 28, 2015 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> <ref name="indy">{{Cite news |date=November 2000 |title=Canine Companions for Independence |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sOoCAAAAMBAJ&dq=Canine+Companions+for+Independence&pg=RA1-PA107 |access-date=2014-08-23 |work=[[Indianapolis Monthly]] |pages=107–108 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> kugeza igihe cyo kwinjira muri gahunda y'amahugurwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Puppy-Raising |url=http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/puppy_raising.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070118084149/http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/puppy_raising.html |archive-date=2007-01-18 |access-date=2007-01-08 |website=CCI}}</ref> Muri aya mezi 16 kugeza 18, abakorerabushake b'imbwa bitangiye imirimo yo kwigisha ikibwana amategeko yacyo 30 yambere. Amenshi muri aya mabwiriza azakoreshwa mugihe cy'amahugurwa yo hejuru. Kurugero, ikibwana <big>cyize</big> kizashyira amaguru yacyo imbere kubintu bitandukanye, harimo inkuta n'inzitiro. Mugihe cyamahugurwa yambere, abahugura babigize umwuga barashobora kubaka iryo tegeko hamwe nimyitwarire ijyanye nubuhanga nko kuzimya urumuri no kuzimya. Ibibwana bikunze guherekeza ibyana byimbwa zabo ahantu hose burimunsi nkishuri cyangwa akazi kubategurira ubuzima nkimbwa ya serivisi. == Amahugurwa == Amahugurwa y’amezi ane kugeza ku icyenda atangira iyo imbwa isubijwe n’abakorerabushake b’imbwa ku bushake muri kimwe mu bigo birindwi by’amahugurwa bya Canine Companions muri Amerika. <ref name="children">{{Cite news |last=Zauzmer |first=Julie |date=March 17, 2014 |title=Service dog comforts children who have been abused |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/service-dog-comforts-children-who-have-been-abused/2014/03/14/efef5c52-aa05-11e3-9e82-8064fcd31b5b_story.html |access-date=June 28, 2015 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> Amezi atatu yambere yimyitozo asubiramo ibyo imbwa zize. <ref name="animals">{{Cite news |last=Aron |first=Wendy |date=November 26, 2006 |title=ANIMALS; Canine Companions Help People Deal With Disabilities |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/nyregion/animals-canine-companions-help-people-deal-with-disabilities.html |access-date=June 28, 2015 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Amahugurwa yumwuga arimo gusuzuma ubuzima bwimbitse nubushakashatsi, kandi buri mbwa yiga amategeko arenga 40 yo kongera ubwigenge harimo gukurura intebe y’ibimuga, kugarura ibintu byataye, no gufungura imiryango. Imbwa zirashobora gutozwa nkimbwa zumva zimenyesha abatumva batumva amajwi yibidukikije kandi bikayobora uwabitwaye kumasoko yijwi. Muri 2018, abasangirangendo ba Canine batangiye gahunda yicyitegererezo yo guhugura imbwa za serivise zo gufasha abahoze mu rugerero bafite ikibazo cy’ihungabana nyuma yo guhahamuka batanga buffer yoroheje mu bantu, bazimya amatara kandi bahagarika inzozi n’imyitwarire yo guhangayika. Abantu batumiwe guhuzwa nimbwa bagenda mukigo cyamahugurwa gikorera leta yabo mumasomo y'ibyumweru bibiri yigisha abahawe uburyo bwo gukorana nabagenzi babo bashya. Ibi bikubiyemo kwiga ibijyanye na psychologiya yimbwa, gutunganya imbwa no kwitaho, hamwe namategeko imbwa izi. Guhuza imbwa numuntu bikorwa neza kugirango barebe ko ibikorwa byabo bihuye. Mugusoza, abantu banyura mubizamini hanyuma bakitabira umuhango wo gutanga impamyabumenyi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Training |url=http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/training.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070307094351/http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/training.html |archive-date=2007-03-07 |access-date=2007-01-08 |website=CCI}}</ref> Amakipe ya Canine Basangirangendo bagaruka kubikurikirana bisanzwe mugihe cyo gushyira. Abakoresha imbwa Canine Basangirangendo nabo barashobora kugaruka mugihe cyo guhura cyangwa imyitozo yinyongera yo gukurikirana igihe icyo aricyo cyose. Igihe <ref>{{Cite web |title=About follow-up training |url=http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/follow_up.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070308041510/http://www.caninecompanions.org/national/follow_up.html |archive-date=2007-03-08 |access-date=2007-01-08 |website=CCI}}</ref> mu murimo ni imyaka umunani kugeza ku icumi. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2006-11-13 |title=Aspirations Beyond Guard Duty |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/13/us/13breed.html?_r=0 |access-date=2015-09-11 |work=[[The New York Times]] |df=mdy-all}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] mthwf2djakyswr10mv8ld2gknyzpl8b 0 21010 139216 125378 2026-09-23T07:20:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139216 wikitext text/x-wiki '''James Carlyle Marsters''' (5 Mata 1924 - 28 Nyakanga 2009) yari umu ortodontiste ufite ubumuga bwo k'utumva i Pasadena, muri Californiya, mu mwaka w'i 1964 akaba yarafashaga mubijyanye no guhimba igikoresho cya mbere cyandika gishobora gukoreshwa n'imirongo ya terefone. Igikoresho cyatumaga itumanaho kuri terefone rishoboka kubatumva. Nubwo Robert Weitbrecht yakoze byinshi mubikorwa byo gushushanya, Marsters yazamuye imikoreshereze yicyo gikoresho. Marsters yavutse ku ya 5 Mata 1924, avukira i Norwich, mu mujyi wa New York, <ref name="shapiro">{{Cite news |last=Shapiro |first=T. Rees |date=2009-08-28 |title=James C. Marsters, 85: Phone System Increased Independence for Deaf |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/27/AR2009082703954.html |access-date=2009-08-31 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}</ref> avukira ku umuyobozi mukuru wa farumasi Guy Marsters n'umugore we Anna Belle, umuforomo. <ref name="nelson">{{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Valerie J. |date=2009-08-15 |title=James C. Marsters dies at 85; Pasadena orthodontist helped establish phone use for the deaf |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-james-marsters15-2009aug15,0,6865338.story |access-date=2009-08-31 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}</ref> Igihe yari akiri muto cyane, Marsters yabuze kumva kubera umuriro utukura n'iseru. <ref name="times">{{Cite news |last=Hevesi |first=Dennis |date=2009-08-22 |title=James Marsters, Deaf Inventor, Dies at 85 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/23/us/23marsters.html |access-date=2009-08-24 |work=[[New York Times]]}}</ref> Ariko, yize kuvuga no gusoma iminwa. Yarangije mu [[Wright Oral School for the Deaf|ishuri rya Wright Oral School ry’abatumva]] mu mujyi wa New York mu 1943, niho yahuriye na John Tracy, umuhungu wa Spencer Tracy. Mu 1947 Marsters yabonye impamyabumenyi ya bijyanye nutabire yakuye muri Union College i Schenectady, muri New York. Marsters yashakanye na Joan Tausik, umuhanzi na we wari ufite ubumuga bwo kutumva (nyuma baza gutandukana), ajya gukora mu ruganda rwa karuvati rwa se. Se wa Tausik ni we wasabye ko agomba kuba umuvuzi wa amenyo. Nubwo amanota y'ibizamini bya Marsters yari menshi, amashuri y amenyo yaramwanze kubera kutumva. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri nigice yo gusaba, kaminuza ya New York yemeye kumwakira by'agateganyo yumva ko nta mfashanyo yihariye yari kubona. Yarangije muri kaminuza ya New York mu 1952.Yakundaga kuvuga ko ashobora kumva bamwe, kugira ngo afashe gutuza ubwoba bwa bamwe mu barimu be b'ishuri ry'amenyo. Yatwaye kandi indege hagati y'imijyi ibiri yakoreragamo imyitozo, akavuga ko radiyo ye idakora neza agasaba abashinzwe umutekano mu kirere gukoresha amatara kugira ngo bamuyobore. John Tracy, izina rye riri ku ivuriro rya Los Angeles ry’abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva yashishikarije Marsters kuba ortodontiste, maze mu 1954, nyuma yo kwiga muri USC, atangira imyitozo ya Pasadena. Nyuma yaho gato, yashakanye na Alice Amelia Dorsey, umuyobozi w'iryo vuriro ryababana nubumuga ku ishuri ry’incuke rya John Tracy Clinic. Marsters yari afite abana batatu - James Marsters Jr., umuhanga mu by'ubutabire ndetse n'imiti; Jean Marsters, umuganga; na Guy Marsters, umucuranzi. Alice yapfuye mu 2003. Abashakanye bari bafite abuzukuru babiri. <ref name="nelson">{{Cite news |last=Nelson |first=Valerie J. |date=2009-08-15 |title=James C. Marsters dies at 85; Pasadena orthodontist helped establish phone use for the deaf |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-james-marsters15-2009aug15,0,6865338.story |access-date=2009-08-31 |work=[[Los Angeles Times]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFNelson2009">Nelson, Valerie J. (2009-08-15). [http://www.latimes.com/news/obituaries/la-me-james-marsters15-2009aug15,0,6865338.story "James C. Marsters dies at 85; Pasadena orthodontist helped establish phone use for the deaf"]. ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-31</span></span>.</cite></ref> Marsters yapfuye ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2009, azize indwara y'umutima. <ref name="shapiro">{{Cite news |last=Shapiro |first=T. Rees |date=2009-08-28 |title=James C. Marsters, 85: Phone System Increased Independence for Deaf |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/27/AR2009082703954.html |access-date=2009-08-31 |work=[[The Washington Post]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFShapiro2009">Shapiro, T. Rees (2009-08-28). [https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/08/27/AR2009082703954.html "James C. Marsters, 85: Phone System Increased Independence for Deaf"]. ''[[The Washington Post]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-31</span></span>.</cite></ref> Igihe Marsters yakiraga terefone, yishingikirije ku bandi kwitaba telefoni no kumunwa amagambo kugira ngo asome kuminwa yabo ibyi bavuga hanyuma agenekereze, nyuma asubiza kuri telefoni. Muri kiriya gihe, hari umuyoboro wa TTY wubucuruzi, ariko byari bihenze cyane kubantu. Marsters yegereye Robert Weitbrecht umuhanga mu bya fiziki wabanaga nubumuga bwo kutumva w’ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cya Stanford maze amusaba ko yareba uburyo bwo gukora igikoresho cyemerera abadafite ubumuga bwo kutumva kuvugana n’abanditsi ba televiziyo ku murongo wa telefone. ts5g8y3q06g6xurvhom9yn23yhwxoev 0 21011 139318 126854 2026-09-23T07:45:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amplifon SpA''' ni isosiyete yo mu Butaliyani ikorera i Milan kandi ni yo icuruza ibyuma by'amatwi by'abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kumva ku rwego rw'isi yose. <ref name="theedgemarkets.com">{{Cite web |last= |date=24 August 2018 |title=New billionaires show that hearing aids are a sound investment |url=http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/new-billionaires-show-hearing-aids-are-sound-investment |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180914132335/http://www.theedgemarkets.com/article/new-billionaires-show-hearing-aids-are-sound-investment |archive-date=14 September 2018 |access-date=14 September 2018 |website=theedgemarkets.com}}</ref> == Amateka == Amplifon yashinzwe mu 1950 i Milan na Algernon Charles Holland, wahoze ari umuyobozi w’ingabo zidasanzwe z’Abongereza, wagize uruhare mu mutwe w’Abataliyani barwanya Resistance. <ref name="bloomberg.com">{{Cite web |last=Benjamin Stupples |date=24 August 2018 |title=The Sound of Money: Demand for Hearing Aids Creates Billionaires |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-08-24/new-billionaires-show-that-hearing-aids-are-a-sound-investment |access-date=14 September 2018 |website=www.bloomberg.com}}</ref> Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose irangiye, yatangije isosiyete igamije gutera inkunga abafite ikibazo cyo kutumva kubera amakimbirane, ashyiraho abantu benshi kandi yubaka umubano ukomeye n'inzobere mu kwita ku matwi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2001 |title=Il partigiano che sconfisse la sordità |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2001/03/17/il-partigiano-che-sconfisse-la-sordita.html |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970, Amplifon yafunguye amaduka muri buri karere ko mu Butaliyani, aba umuyobozi w’isoko mu gutanga, kugurisha, no gushyira no guhuza icyuma cy'amatwi ku buryo gikora neza ku muntu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amplifon - Company profile - Il Sole 24 Ore |url=https://argomenti.ilsole24ore.com/amplifon.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181109024744/https://argomenti.ilsole24ore.com/amplifon.html |archive-date=9 November 2018 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> Mu 1971, ikigo cya Amplifon gishinzwe ubushakashatsi n’ubushakashatsi (CRS) cyashinzwe: umuryango wigenga ugamije gukwirakwiza ubumenyi mu bice by’amajwi na otologiya, binyuze mu mutungo n’ubushakashatsi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adnkronos |title=Ricerca: Si internazionalizza centro Studi AUdiologia |url=http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnSalute/1998/04/10/Farmaceutica/RICERCA-SI-INTERNAZIONALIZZA-CENTRO-STUDI-AUDIOLOGIA-MI_123400.php |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=Adnkronos}}</ref> Mu myaka ya za 90, Amplifon yatangiye guhindurira serivisi abakiriya ku giti cyabo, itangira ibyuma by'amatwi bya digitale bya mbere mu Butaliyani mu mwaka 1996. Muri icyo gihe, isosiyete yungutse isoko rirenga 40%. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Prevenire i deficit uditivi grazie alla diagnosi rapida |url=http://www.storiadeisordi.it/articolo.asp?ENTRY_ID=2305 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012630/http://www.storiadeisordi.it/articolo.asp?ENTRY_ID=2305 |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="adn">{{Cite web |last=Adnkronos |title=Amplifon: acquisizioni in Francia, Austria e Svizzera |url=http://www1.adnkronos.com/Archivio/AdnAgenzia/1998/12/01/Economia/AMPLIFON-ACQUISIZIONI-IN-FRANCIA-AUSTRIA-E-SVIZZERA_143700.php |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=Adnkronos}}</ref> Mu 1992, isosiyete nshya yashinzwe muri Espagne, Amplifon Iberica, yaguka muri Porutugali nyuma yimyaka mike. <ref name="Bloomberg">{{Cite web |title=Company Overview of Amplifon Iberica Sau |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research//stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=30852721 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> 1998 na 2000, Amplifon yinjiye mu Busuwisi, Otirishiya, Ubufaransa, <ref name="adn"/> [[Ubuholandi]] <ref name="ItaliaOggi">{{Cite web |title=Ad Amplifon il 100% di Horen |url=https://www.italiaoggi.it/archivio/ad-amplifon-il-100-di-horen-396567 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> no ku masoko yo muri Amerika binyuze mu kugura ibintu. <ref name="ZeroUno">{{Cite web |date=9 November 2009 |title=Amplifon: SaaS per la conquista del mercato Usa |url=https://www.zerounoweb.it/cloud-computing/saas/amplifon-saas-per-la-conquista-del-mercato-usa/ |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> Umugabane <ref name="Repubblica3">{{Cite web |date=6 August 2018 |title=Con Amplifon la Borsa ci sente benissimo: titolo in volo dopo il blitz su Gaes |url=https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/2018/08/06/con-amplifon-la-borsa-ci-sente-benissimo-titolo-gaesAffari_e_Finanza12.html |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> watangiye gucururizwa muri Borsa Italiana muri <ref name="ZeroUno"/> . <ref name="SO">{{Cite web |title=Amplifon in rialzo su acquisizione ungherese Viton |url=http://www.soldionline.it/notizie/azioni-italia/amplifon-in-rialzo-su-acquisizione-ungherese-viton |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304190832/http://www.soldionline.it/notizie/azioni-italia/amplifon-in-rialzo-su-acquisizione-ungherese-viton |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> Mu 2002, Amplifon yaguze isosiyete ya Sonus muri Amerika, nyuma mu 2003 ifata ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kumva, isosiyete ifite amaduka aherereye cyane cyane mu masoko manini y’ubucuruzi. <ref name="MF">{{Cite web |date=22 June 2005 |title=La campagna acquisti negli Usa spinge Amplifon e lo shopping potrebbe non essere finito qui |url=https://www.milanofinanza.it/archivio/la-campagna-acquisti-negli-usa-spinge-amplifon-e-lo-shopping-potrebbe-non-essere-finito-qui-131931 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, Amplifon yakomeje ingamba zo kugura mu Buholandi, [[Ubudage]], [[Ubwongereza]], [[Irilande]] n'Ububiligi. Mu mwaka wa <ref name="ZeroUno"/> mu byukuri, isosiyete yaguze 100% y’ubuvuzi bw’igihugu (NHC) muri [[Ositaraliya]], Nouvelle-Zélande no mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]]. <ref name="Repubblica2">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2012 |title=Amplifon si rafforza sul mercato indiano accordo per ampliare la rete commerciale |url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/finanza/2012/07/23/news/amplifon_si_rafforza_sul_mercato_indiano_accordo_per_ampliare_la_rete_commerciale-39583158/ |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Reuters">{{Cite web |title=Amplifon finalizza l'acquisizione dell'australiana Nhc |url=https://it.reuters.com/article/italianNews/idITLDE6B915S20101210 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180401144726/https://it.reuters.com/article/italianNews/idITLDE6B915S20101210 |archive-date=1 April 2018 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Il Sole 24 Ore">{{Cite web |title=Amplifon sbarca sul mercato turco |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/finanza-e-mercati/2012-01-14/amplifon-sbarca-mercato-turco-081728.shtml?uuid=AaUn0wdE |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Formiche">{{Cite web |date=16 March 2014 |title=Ecco le aziende italiane che comprano in tutto il mondo |url=https://formiche.net/2014/03/le-italiane-che-comprano-il-mondo/ |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="GM">{{Cite web |date=28 September 2010 |title=Amplifon: compra australiana Nhc |url=https://www.lagazzettadelmezzogiorno.it/news/economia/223272/amplifon-compra-australiana-nhc.html |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref>​ <ref name="Bloomberg1">{{Cite web |title=Company Overview of Amplifon Poland |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/research//stocks/private/snapshot.asp?privcapId=264705359 |access-date=29 March 2019 |website=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> Burezili yakurikiranye mu 2014 Amplifon igura 51% by'imigabane muri sosiyete yo muri Berezile Direito de Ouvir. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2019)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Mu 2016 isosiyete yashoye miliyoni 80 z'amayero (£) kugirango igure amaduka 170, harimo imirongo ibiri y'ubucuruzi mu Budage n'indi muri [[Kanada|Canada]]. Muri 2017, Amplifon yashoye andi miriyoni 110 yo kugura amaduka 300, harimo imirongo ibiri y'ubucuruzi mu Bufaransa na Porutugali. <ref name="Repubblica3"/> Umwaka umwe, Amplifon yarangije kugura byinshi, igura GAES yo muri Espagne kuri miliyoni 528. GAES ifite amaduka 600 (hafi 500 muri Espagne, naho ayandi asigaye anyanyagiye muri Porutugali no muri Amerika y'Epfo), <ref name="Il Sole 24 Ore1">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2018 |title=Amplifon punta su Spagna e Sudamerica: rilevata Gaes, parte il consolidamento |url=https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/finanza-e-mercati/2018-07-24/amplifon-punta-spagna-e-sudamerica-rilevata-gaes-parte-consolidamento-195403.shtml?uuid=AEYyIcRF&refresh_ce=1 |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> <ref name="Repubblica4">{{Cite web |date=24 July 2018 |title=Amplifon punta su Spagna e America Latina: acquisizione da mezzo miliardo |url=https://www.repubblica.it/economia/finanza/2018/07/24/news/amplifon_punta_su_spagna_e_america_latina_acqusizione_da_mezzo_miliardo-202528412/ |access-date=29 March 2019}}</ref> abakozi 1.800, na miliyoni 210 zinjiza. <ref name="Repubblica3"/> Kuva mu 2015, igiciro cy’imigabane ya Amplifon cyikubye gatatu, kiruta FTSE MIB, urutonde rw’amasosiyete 40 ya mbere yashyizwe ku rutonde muri Borsa Italiana. Kuva <ref name="Repubblica3"/> 2018, igiciro cy’imigabane cyazamutse hafi 1.000% kuva IPO yacyo. <ref name="bloomberg.com"/> Uyu muyobozi ni Susan Carol Holland, umukobwa wa Algernon, ufite 44.9% ya Amplifon abinyujije mu kigo cy’umuryango we. <ref name="theedgemarkets.com"/> == Ubucuruzi n'ibikorwa == Amplifon ifite imigabane ku isoko rya 11% ku isi, kandi iri mu bihugu 29, mu turere twa EMEA, Amerika, na APAC. <ref name="Corriere">{{Cite web |title=Amplifon: entra in Polonia ed estende presenza a 20 paesi |url=http://www.corriere.it/notizie-ultima-ora/Economia/Amplifon-entra-Polonia-estende-presenza-paesi/19-09-2012/1-A_002751942.shtml |access-date=11 June 2019 |language=Italian |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329155916/https://www.corriere.it/notizie-ultima-ora/Economia/Amplifon-entra-Polonia-estende-presenza-paesi/19-09-2012/1-A_002751942.shtml |url-status=dead }}</ref> Isosiyete ikora binyuze mu rusobe rw’ibicuruzwa bigera ku 5.150, ibicuruzwa 4000 mu maduka no mu mfuruka hamwe n’ububiko 1.800 bufitanye isano n’uru rubuga, bukoresha abakozi 16.000 muri rusange. Ubucuruzi bwibanda cyane cyane kugurisha no guhuza ibyuma byumva. <ref name="B&G">{{Cite news |title=Amplifon, the will to ourgrow the market |trans-title=Amplifon, la volontà di crescere più del mercato |url=https://issuu.com/businessgentlemen/docs/b_gn17_low |access-date=11 June 2019 |language=Italian |archive-date=29 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190329155914/https://issuu.com/businessgentlemen/docs/b_gn17_low |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 7kohv743wpdfrbhjeg3a5qzv37wsrt9 0 21021 139250 125396 2026-09-23T07:30:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''IAccessible2''' ni API igerwaho na sisitemu ndetse na porogaramu ya Microsoft Windows. Ku ikubitiro yatunganijwe na IBM munsi ya codename Project Missouri, IAccessible2 yashyizwe munsi yitsinda ryitsinda ryubusa, ubu rikaba rigizwe na Linux Foundation. Yashyizwe mubindi bisobanuro bya Microsoft bishya UI Automation API. Mugihe UI Automation yavuzweho nk "" ubwami butagira ubwami ", IAccessible2 ivuga ko" ifunguye ". == Intego == Mugihe UI Automation itandukanye cyane na Microsoft Active Accessibility (MSAA) Kugirango ikore API yorohereza abafite '''Ubumuga''' kandi ifite uburyo bwagutse IAccessible2 yo yuzuzamo ibyo MSAA yari ibuze kugirango ijyane n'java Assistive Technology Service Provider Interface (AT-SPI). Muburyo bwo kugura MSSA aho kuyisimbura IAccessible2 ituma abahanga mu gukora porogaramu bashobora gukomeza gukoresha ibyo bashoyemo muri MSAA, ariko kandi bagatanga uburyo bwo kugerwaho n'ikoranabuhanga rifasha abafite '''ubumuga''' (AT) mu buryo bwo kubona inyandiko zo mu buryo buhambaye <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20070202191902/http://www.linux-foundation.org/en/Accessibility/IAccessible2</ref> Umushainga wa Missouri watangiye ubwo State of Massachusetts, yari mu nzira yo kwemera gukoresha adopting the OpenDocument format mu nyandiko zayo za leta ariko isaba ko umurongo ugomba kuba worohereza abafite '''Ubumuga'''.<ref> {{Cite web |last=Schwerdtfeger |first=Rich |date=2006-12-14 |title=Project Missouri and IBM's donation of IAccessible2 to the Free Standards Group |url=http://www-03.ibm.com/developerworks/blogs/page/schwer?entry=project_missouri_and_ibm_s |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010103829/https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/mydeveloperworks/blogs/schwer/entry/project_missouri_and_ibm_s?lang=en |archive-date=2012-10-10 |access-date=2007-02-06}}</ref> kongera accessibility of dynamic web applications, urugero nk'aho bagaragaza ibikoresho byihariye nk'ikoranabuhanga rifasha abafite ubumuga butandukanye assistive technology ndetse no gutoranya amakuru mashya hashingiwe ku buryo bwayo no ku kamaro kayo byabaye intego ya kabiri ikomeye y'uwmushinga.<ref> {{Cite news |last=Bergstein |first=Brian |author-link=Brian Bergstein |date=2006-12-14 |title=Project Missouri and IBM's donation of IAccessible2 to the Free Standards Group |url=https://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2007-01-17-web-accessible_x.htm?POE=TECISVA |access-date=2007-02-06 |work=USA Today}}</ref> IAccessible yatangiye gushyigikirwa muri LibreOffice muri verisiyo ya 4.2.<ref name="LO4_2_Release">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2014 |title=LibreOffice 4.2: Focusing On Performance And Interoperability, And Improving The Integration With Microsoft Windows |url=http://blog.documentfoundation.org/2014/01/30/libreoffice-4-2-focusing-on-performance-and-interoperability-and-improving-the-integration-with-microsoft-windows/ |access-date=14 February 2014 |publisher=The Document Foundation}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Accessibility in LibreOffice |url=https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/Accessibility |access-date=28 December 2019 |website=The Document Foundation Wiki}}</ref> iri mu bikorwa byo guteza imbere umushinga wa Apache OpenOffice,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Merging Lotus Symphony: Allegro moderato : Apache OpenOffice |url=https://blogs.apache.org/OOo/entry/merging_lotus_symphony_allegro_moderato}}</ref> Mozilla Application Suite, NonVisual Desktop Access ndetse no muri Opera web browser. Nubwo IAccessible2 yatangijwe urubuga nka API y'uburyo bwo korohereza abafite ubumuga kuri Windows accessibility API, Qt Development Frameworks ruri gufasha IAccessible2 nkuburyo bushobora gusimbura AT-SPI no kuri Linux, kandi ruri guteganya kongeramo uburyo bwo kuyishyigikira bwa mbere muri Qt 4.3. guhera mu mwaka wa 2019, Qt ikoresha MSAA na IAccessible2 kuri Windows, kandi ikomeje gukoresha AT-SPI for Unix/X11 systems. == Amashakiro == <references /> oylu86xii8voet3ojxqzkfre42zdn6o 0 21049 139510 125424 2026-09-23T10:00:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139510 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox school|name=Al-Nibras Ideal School for Special Needs|streetaddress=block 4, St 200, [[Al Farwaniyah Governorate]]|city=Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh|state=Farwaniyah Governorate|country=[[Kuwait]]|superintendent=|founder=Nora Al Dahery|principal=|classrooms=8|schooltype=[[Private school]]|enrollment=250|age range=4–21|language=Arabic|campus size=|campus type=Urban|hours_in_day=|fightsong=|motto="Everyone has the right to success"|established={{start date and age|2004|9|paren=yes}}|picture=|homepage={{URL|nis.edu.kw}}}}'''Ishuri rya Ideal rya Al-Nibras''' ni ishuri ryashinzwe muri Nzeri 2004 rigamije kwita ku bana bafite [[Handicap mental|ubumuga bwo mu mutwe]] buto kugeza ku rugero ruringaniye, kuva ku myaka 4 kugeza 21. Ishuri ritanga serivisi zaryo zose mururimi [[Icyarabu|rwicyarabu]] ukoresheje imvugo ya Koweti. Ishuri ritanga ubuvuzi, kuvura umubiri, kuvura akazi, umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza, umujyanama, umuforomo no kwisuzumisha kwa buri kwezi.{{clear}} == Reba kandi ==   * Uburezi muri Koweti * Urutonde rwamashuri muri Koweti {{clear}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * al-nibras.com, the school's official website tthiiz8sdpopp11kjqhtxykrwegqilg 0 21063 139469 125444 2026-09-23T09:48:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139469 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Braille_text.jpg|thumb|Ishusho yurupapuro rwerekana inyuguti zombi zazamuye, hamwe ninyuguti zasuzumwe kurundi ruhande rwurupapuro.]] '''Optical Braille Recognition''' ni tekinoroji yo gufata no gutunganya amashusho ndetse n'inyuguti ya [[Inyandiko y'abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona(Braille)|brile]] [[Ururimi|karemano]]. Ikoreshwa muguhindura inyandiko za braille kubantu badashobora kuyisoma mumyandiko, no kubungabunga no kubyara inyandiko. == Amateka == Mu mwaka wa 1984, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza y’ikoranabuhanga ya Delft ryateguye igisate cyo gusoma cyo mu bwoko bwa braille, aho umutwe wo gusoma ufite selile zifotora zimuriwe hamwe n’abategetsi kugira ngo bafate inyandiko y’inyandiko umurongo ku murongo ubu buryo kandi bufasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona. <ref name="Mennens">{{Cite journal |last=Mennens |first=Jan |last2=Tichelen |first2=Luc van |last3=François |first3=Guido |last4=Engelen |first4=Jan J. |date=December 1994 |title=Optical recognition of Braille using standard equipment |journal=IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering |volume=2 |issue=4 |pages=207–212 |doi=10.1109/86.340878 |issn=1063-6528}}</ref> Mu 1988, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi b’Abafaransa muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ya Lille bakoze algorithm, yitwa Lectobraille, yahinduye inyandiko za brile mu nyandiko isanzwe. Sisitemu yafotoye inyandiko ya braille hamwe na kamera ntoya ya CCD, kandi ikoresha tekinoroji yo kuyungurura umwanya, kuyungurura hagati, isuri, no kwaguka kugirango ikuremo braille. Inyuguti za braille zahinduwe mururimi karemano hakoreshejwe [[Adaptive recognition|kumenyekanisha imiterere]]. Tekinike <ref name="Lectobraille">{{Cite book |last=Dubus |first=J.P. |date=November 1988 |title=Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society |last2=Benjelloun |first2=M. |last3=Devlaminck |first3=V. |last4=Wauquier |first4=F. |last5=Altmayer |first5=P. |publisher=Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society |isbn=978-0-7803-0785-8 |volume=4 |pages=1584–1585 |chapter=Image processing techniques to perform an autonomous system to translate relief braille into black-ink, called: Lectobraille |doi=10.1109/IEMBS.1988.94726}}</ref> yari ifite ikosa rya 1%, kandi ifata igihe cyo gutunganya amasegonda arindwi kumurongo. <ref name="Mennens" /> Mu mwaka wa 1993, itsinda ryabashakashatsi bo muri Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ryashyizeho uburyo bwo kumenya braille yari yarabisikanye hamwe na scaneri iboneka mubucuruzi. <ref name="Mennens" /> ariko, ntabwo yashoboye gukemura ikibazo cyubumuga buri muri gride ya braille, kubwibyo byasabwaga ibyangombwa bya braille byakozwe neza. <ref name="Wong">{{Cite book |last=Wong |first=Lisa |date=August 2004 |title=Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2004. ICPR 2004 |last2=Abdulla |first2=Waleed |last3=Hussman |first3=Stephan |isbn=978-0-7695-2128-2 |pages=586–589 |chapter=A software algorithm prototype for optical recognition of embossed Braille |doi=10.1109/ICPR.2004.1334316 |issn=1051-4651}}</ref> Mu 1999, itsinda ryo muri kaminuza ya Hong Kong Polytechnic ryashyize mu bikorwa tekinike yo kumenyekanisha ku bafite ibumuga bwo kutabona ikoresheje impande zombi kugira ngo ihindure braille mu nyandiko y'Icyongereza cyangwa Igishinwa. <ref name="Ng">{{Cite book |last=Ng |first=C. |date=September 1999 |title=Proceedings Third International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications. ICCIMA'99 (Cat. No.PR00300) |last2=Ng |first2=V. |last3=Lau |first3=Y. |isbn=978-0-7695-0300-4 |pages=302–306 |chapter=Regular feature extraction for recognition of Braille |doi=10.1109/ICCIMA.1999.798547}}</ref> Mu 2001, Murray na Dais bakoze sisitemu yo kumenyekanisha intoki, isikana ibice bito byinyandiko icyarimwe. <ref name="Murray">{{Cite book |last=Murray |first=I. |year=2001 |title=The Seventh Australian and New Zealand Intelligent Information Systems Conference, 2001 |last2=Dias |first2=T. |isbn=978-1-74052-061-4 |pages=302–306 |chapter=A portable device for optically recognizing Braille. I. Hardware development |doi=10.1109/ANZIIS.2001.974063}}</ref> Kubera agace gato kasikiwe icyarimwe, guhindura gride ntabwo byari ikibazo, kandi hakoreshejwe algorithm yoroshye, ikora neza. <ref name="Wong" /> Mu 2003, Morgavi na Morando bakoze sisitemu yo kumenya inyuguti za braille bakoresheje imiyoboro yubukorikori. Sisitemu yari izwiho ubushobozi bwo gukemura ibibazo bitesha agaciro kurusha ubundi buryo. <ref name="Wong" /> == Inzitizi == Byinshi mubibazo byo gutunganya neza inyandiko ya braille bituruka kumiterere yinyandiko za braille. Ubusanzwe Braille yacapishijwe kumpapuro zikomeye, ndetse na wino itanga itandukaniro hagati yinyuguti yazamuye nimpapuro zinyuma. Ariko, ubusembwa kurupapuro bushobora kugaragara muri scan cyangwa ishusho yurupapuro. Inyandiko nyinshi zacapishijwe ''inter-point'', bivuze ko zifite impande ebyiri. Nkibyo, kwiheba kwa braille kuruhande rumwe bigaragara ko bifatanye hamwe na braille igaragara kurundi ruhande ibi bigafasha cyane abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona kuko biborohera cyane mugusoma izini nyandiko za Braille. <ref name="Antonacopoulos">{{Cite book |last=Antonacopoulos |first=A. |year=2004 |title=Document Analysis Systems |last2=Bridson, D. |isbn=978-3-540-23060-1 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=VI |pages=533–545 |chapter=A Robust Braille Recognition System |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-28640-0_50 |issn=0302-9743}}</ref> == Ubuhanga == Bumwe mu buryo bwa optique bwo kumenyekanisha braille bugerageza gukoresha amatara ya oblique na kamera kugirango igaragaze igicucu cya depression no gusohoka kwa braille. Abandi bakoresha ibikoresho biboneka mubucuruzi. <ref name="Antonacopoulos">{{Cite book |last=Antonacopoulos |first=A. |year=2004 |title=Document Analysis Systems |last2=Bridson, D. |isbn=978-3-540-23060-1 |series=Lecture Notes in Computer Science |volume=VI |pages=533–545 |chapter=A Robust Braille Recognition System |doi=10.1007/978-3-540-28640-0_50 |issn=0302-9743}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAntonacopoulosBridson,_D.2004">Antonacopoulos, A.; Bridson, D. (2004). "A Robust Braille Recognition System". ''Document Analysis Systems''. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol.&nbsp;VI. pp.&nbsp;<span class="nowrap">533–</span>545. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/978-3-540-28640-0_50|10.1007/978-3-540-28640-0_50]]. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-3-540-23060-1|<bdi>978-3-540-23060-1</bdi>]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0302-9743 0302-9743].</cite></ref> == Reba kandi == * Kumenyekanisha neza == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} t8jx17wcw93atfft2z0829mgc8wyphw 0 21090 139217 126744 2026-09-23T07:21:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139217 wikitext text/x-wiki Umushinga '''wa Colmena''' n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyanse n'ubuhanga rigamije gushushanya no kohereza robot ntoya yigenga kugirango igenzure ku buso bw'ukwezi. Yashinzwe muri kaminuza nkuru yigenga ya Mexico na [[LINX Space Instrumentation Laboratory|Laboratoire ya LINX yo mu kirere]], mu kigo cy’ubumenyi bwa kirimbuzi cya UNAM. <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2024-01-04 |title=De la UNAM a la Luna: lista ya la Misión COLMENA |url=https://www.gaceta.unam.mx/de-la-unam-a-la-luna-lista-ya-la-mision-colmena/ |access-date=2025-06-16 |website=Gaceta UNAM |language=es}}</ref> mbere bya siyansi yo muri Amerika y'Epfo yagenewe gukora ubushakashatsi ku buso bw'ukwezi. <ref name="elpais">{{Cite web |last=Guillén |first=Beatriz |date=2024-01-09 |title=El sueño espacial mexicano viaja en cinco robots de camino a la Luna (in English: Mexican space dream travels on five robots on their way to the Moon) |url=https://elpais.com/mexico/2024-01-09/el-sueno-espacial-mexicano-viaja-en-cinco-robots-de-camino-a-la-luna.html |access-date=2024-01-09 |publisher=EL PAÍS |location=Mexico City}}</ref> Imizigo yari igizwe na robo eshanu ntoya, yigenga, <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-02 |title=Technical Description of COLMENA-1 |url=https://epistemia.nucleares.unam.mx/web?name=linx&page=56 |website=INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR SCIENCES, UNAM |access-date=2025-10-29 |archive-date=2025-07-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250716151619/https://epistemia.nucleares.unam.mx/web?name=linx&page=56 |url-status=dead }}</ref> buri imwe ipima munsi ya garama 60 kandi ipima santimetero 12 z'umurambararo, zagenewe gufatirwa hejuru y'ukwezi. [ <ref name="elpais"/> Mugihe izo robo zizagera ku buso bw'ukwezi, zikorera hamwe nk'agatsiko k'ibyonnyi kugira ngo dusohoze ubutumwa bwa siyansi ari na ho izina ry'umushinga "Colmena" ryaturutse, kuko mu kidage (spanish) risobanura "urwunguko rw'inzuki".<ref name="wired">{{Cite web |last=Castro |first=Geraldine |last2=Miguel |first2=Lucy E. |date=2024-01-08 |title=Proyecto Colmena: así son los robots que México envió a la Luna (in English: Project Beehive: These are the robots that Mexico sent to the Moon) |url=https://es.wired.com/articulos/proyecto-colmena-asi-son-los-robots-que-mexico-envio-a-la-luna |access-date=2024-01-09 |publisher=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]]}}</ref> Yashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 8 Mutarama 2024 mu ndege ya mbere ya roketi ya Vulcan Centaur mu rwego rwo gufatanya kwishyiriraho ubutumwa bwa Astrobotic Peregrine Mission One to the Moon. <ref name="elpais"/>​​Ariko kubera ikibazo cy'ikiraga ryifashishwa mu kugenda (propellent) cyabaye kuri lander, ubutumwa bwarahagaritswe, maze iyo lander hamwe na Colmena birashya mu kirere cy'isi hejuru y'inyanja y'amajyepfo ya Pasifika, aho ubutumwa bwa nyuma bwabonetse bwaturutse ku kigo gishinzwe gukurikirana ibibura cya Canberra ku isaha ya 20:59 GMT.​ <ref>{{Cite news |date=2024-01-18 |title=Peregrine lander: American Moon mission destroyed over Pacific Ocean |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-67962397 |access-date=2024-01-21 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kopi ya Colmena <ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2025-08-11 |title=Tecnología aeroespacial del ICN se exhibe en Estados Unidos |url=https://www.gaceta.unam.mx/tecnologia-aeroespacial-del-icn-se-exhibe-en-estados-unidos/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=Gaceta UNAM |language=es}}</ref>, hamwe na moderi zindi zikorerwa imizigo, yinjijwe muburyo bwikizamini cyakorewe isuzuma rya Astrobotic Technology's Peregrine lunar lander <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-20 |title=This Object Represents a New Approach to Moon Exploration |url=https://airandspace.si.edu/air-and-space-quarterly/issue-9/peregrine-lander |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=airandspace.si.edu |language=en}}</ref>, mu rwego rwo kwerekana ''imurikagurisha mu kirere'' mu nzu ndangamurage ya Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum i Washington, DC <ref>{{Cite web |last=Feldscher |first=Jacqueline |date=2025-07-29 |title=Smithsonian Opens New ‘Futures in Space’ Hall |url=https://payloadspace.com/smithsonian-opens-new-futures-in-space-hall/ |access-date=2025-08-12 |website=Payload |language=en-US}}</ref> h283qpgmxjxrn46dkyjgep3ru2crp5q 0 21093 139374 138322 2026-09-23T09:09:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139374 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''MagnaReady''' ni tekinoroji yimyambarire y'Abanyamerika hamwe na e-ubucuruzi ikorera i Raleigh, muri Caroline y'Amajyaruguru. Yibanze ku gukora imyenda imenyereye kubafite ibibazo by'ubumuga. Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2013 na Maura Horton, nyuma yuko umugabo we, Don Horton, yagize ikibazo cyo gukanda amashati kubera indwara ya Parkinson. MagnaReady ikoresha tekinoroji ya magnetiki ishati. MagnaReady niyo tekinoroji ya mbere yakozwe mubijyanye nimyambarire imenyereye yageze kwisoko rusange, hamwe nikoranabuhanga ryemerewe ibicuruzwa biboneka kubacuruza kumurongo. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Van Heusen launches men's dress shirt designed with adaptive technology that eliminates traditional buttons |url=https://eprretailnews.com/2016/09/28/van-heusen-launches-mens-dress-shirt-designed-with-adaptive-technology-that-eliminates-traditional-buttons-3456456483/ |access-date=2017-10-25 |work=EPR Retail News |language=en-us |archive-date=2017-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227122051/https://eprretailnews.com/2016/09/28/van-heusen-launches-mens-dress-shirt-designed-with-adaptive-technology-that-eliminates-traditional-buttons-3456456483/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Mu mwaka wa 2009, Don Horton, umutoza w’umupira w'amaguru muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru, yaharaniye gukanda ishati ye mu cyumba cyo gufungiramo kubera indwara ya Parkinson. Umugore we yashakaga kubishakira igisubizo, uwahoze akora imyenda y'abana, yahisemo kudoda magneti mumashati yumugabo we kugirango byoroshye gukoreshwa. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kavilanz |first=Parija |title=Football coach's battle with Parkinson's inspires a line of dress shirts |url=https://money.cnn.com/2013/04/15/smallbusiness/parkinsons-dress-shirts/index.html |access-date=2017-10-25 |work=CNNMoney |archive-date=2018-04-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180409233832/http://money.cnn.com/2013/04/15/smallbusiness/parkinsons-dress-shirts/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2015, hatanzwe ipatanti ku ikoranabuhanga. Mu mwaka wa 2016, PVH Corp., producer wa Van Heusen, Tommy Hilfiger, Calvin Klein, na IZOD, yemereye ikoranabuhanga rya MagnaReady mu rwego rwo kugeza amashati ahuza abantu benshi ku isoko binyuze mu maduka no kuri interineti bityo bigafasha abantu bafite babana '''nubumuga''' kuba bahaha biboroheye binyuze kuri murandasi. Muri <ref>{{Cite news |title=Style Watch: Raleigh-based MagnaReady could get wider reach |url=http://www.newsobserver.com/living/fashion/article64945082.html |access-date=2017-10-25 |work=newsobserver |language=en}}</ref>, umurongo uhuriweho n’ishati ya VanHeusen MagnaClick washyizwe ahagaragara kandi ugurishwa ku bagabo barwaye indwara ya Parkinson. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Parmley |first=Suzette |date=2016-12-09 |title=Van Heusen releases men's dress shirt with magnets instead of buttons |url=https://www.thestar.com/business/2016/12/09/van-heusen-releases-mens-dress-shirt-with-magnets-instead-of-buttons.html |access-date=2017-10-25 |work=The Toronto Star |language=en-CA |issn=0319-0781}}</ref> In September 2017, the MagnaReady technology was licensed in partnership with LF Americas, a division of Li &amp;amp; Fung, to bring the adaptive products to a larger retail audience.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2017 |title=LF AMERICAS TO LICENSE MAGNAREADY SHIRT COMPANY |url=http://www.mr-mag.com/lf-americas-license-expand-magnaready-shirt-company/ |access-date=2017-10-25 |website=www.mr-mag.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu Kwakira mu mwaka wa 2017, ishati ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya MagnaReady ryerekanwe n’inzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bugezweho ya New York mu ''bintu: Imyambarire igezweho?'' herekanwa nka verisiyo igezweho yimyenda yumugabo muri Mutarama 2017. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Bain |first=Marc |title=111 iconic objects that defined the last century of fashion, according to New York's MoMA |url=https://qz.com/1090721/111-iconic-objects-that-defined-the-last-century-of-fashion-according-to-new-yorks-moma/ |access-date=2017-10-25 |work=Quartz |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} r0k7l81oian8engegjmewvt3dmgo04n 0 21094 139177 125512 2026-09-23T03:15:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139177 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''SmartThings Inc.''' ni kompanyi yo muri Amerika ikora ibyerekeye kugenzura no guhanga ingo z'ikoranabuhanga (home automation), ikaba ifite icyicaro gikuru i Mountain View, muri leta ya Californiya. Kuva muri Kanama 2014 ni ishami rya Samsung Electronics. <ref name="SELLOUT">{{Cite web |last=Tilley |first=Aaron |title=Samsung Acquires SmartThings, A Fast-Growing Home Automation Startup |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2014/08/14/samsung-smartthings-acquisition-2/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230011149/http://www.forbes.com/sites/aarontilley/2014/08/14/samsung-smartthings-acquisition-2/ |archive-date=30 December 2014 |access-date=7 January 2015 |website=[[Forbes]]}}</ref> Yashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2012, yibanda ku iterambere rya porogaramu zikoresha amazina atazwi hamwe n’ibisobanuro bifitanye isano na porogaramu zabakiriya hamwe n’ibicu bigenewe amazu meza hamwe na interineti y’abaguzi. SmartThings ivuga ko urubuga rwayo rufite miliyoni 62 zikoresha abakoresha, umubare uvuga ko wiyongereyeho 70% kugeza muri 2019 na 2020. <ref name="BI2020">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |title=Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Business Insider}}</ref> == Amateka == SmartThings yatekerejwe n’umushinga washinze kandi wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru, Alex Hawkinson mu itumba ry’umwaka wa 2011. Hawkinson avuga ko inzu y’imisozi y’umuryango we idatuwe muri Colorado yangijwe cyane n’imiyoboro y’amazi yabanje gukonja hanyuma igaturika bikaviramo kwangirika kw’amadolari 80.000. <ref name="time2014" /> <ref name="cnnmoney">{{Cite web |last=Segall |first=Laurie |author-link=Laurie Segall |date=15 September 2012 |title=SmartThings will let you run your world by smartphone |url=https://money.cnn.com/2012/09/15/technology/startups/smartthings-kickstarter/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140802105952/http://money.cnn.com/2012/09/15/technology/startups/smartthings-kickstarter/index.html |archive-date=2 August 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=CNNMoney}}</ref> <ref name="computerworld">{{Cite web |last=Thibodeau |first=Patrick |date=26 March 2014 |title=SmartThings founder sees a limitless Internet of Things |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247210/SmartThings_founder_sees_a_limitless_Internet_of_Things_ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707185721/http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9247210/SmartThings_founder_sees_a_limitless_Internet_of_Things_ |archive-date=7 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=Computerworld}}</ref> <ref name="cnnmoney2">{{Cite web |last=Mangalindan |first=JP |title=A digital maestro for every object in the home |url=http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2013/06/07/a-digital-maestro-for-every-object-in-the-home/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531143711/http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2013/06/07/a-digital-maestro-for-every-object-in-the-home/ |archive-date=31 May 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=CNNMoney}}</ref> <ref name="readwrite">{{Cite web |last=Lee |first=Adriana |date=17 February 2014 |title=SmartThings' Alex Hawkinson: 'We're Debugging How Your House Responds To You' |url=http://readwrite.com/2014/02/17/smartthings-alex-hawkinson-smart-homes-internet-of-things#awesm=~ozPK3EVFR7Uasr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140719120345/http://readwrite.com/2014/02/17/smartthings-alex-hawkinson-smart-homes-internet-of-things#awesm=~ozPK3EVFR7Uasr |archive-date=19 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=readwrite}}</ref> Hawkinson yavuze ko yashoboraga gukumira ibyangiritse aramutse amenye ibibera mu nzu. <ref name="readwrite" /> Kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 na 2012, Hawkinson hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa be ba SmartThings bakoze kugira ngo bakore prototype y’ibisubizo bifuza gukemura ibibazo nkibi. [ <ref name="readwrite" /> <ref name="huffington2014">{{Cite web |last=Toscana |first=Samantha |date=30 June 2014 |title=Take A Tour Of THE Smartest Home In America (VIDEO) |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710040915/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |archive-date=10 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=HuffPost}}</ref> Icyo cyitegererezo cy'imbere cyaje kuba ishingiro ry'ubukangurambaga bwabereye kuri Kickstarter bwatangijwe muri Nzeri 2012 bukaza gukusanya miliyoni1.2 z'amdolari y'Amerika, biza kuba umushinga wa kabiri munini watewe inkunga n'abantu benshi (crowdfunding) ugamije guteza imbere ingo z'ikoranabuhanga kugeza ubu. <ref name="kickstarter">{{Cite web |date=21 October 2013 |title=SmartThings: Make Your World Smarter |url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/smartthings/smartthings-make-your-world-smarter |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714090156/https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/smartthings/smartthings-make-your-world-smarter |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=KickStarter}}</ref> Gukusanya miliyoni 3 z'amadolari y'inkunga y'itangira y'umushiga mu ukuboza 2012 <ref name="huffington2014">{{Cite web |last=Toscana |first=Samantha |date=30 June 2014 |title=Take A Tour Of THE Smartest Home In America (VIDEO) |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140710040915/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html |archive-date=10 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |website=HuffPost}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFToscana2014">Toscana, Samantha (30 June 2014). [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html "Take A Tour Of THE Smartest Home In America (VIDEO)"]. ''HuffPost''. [https://web.archive.org/web/20140710040915/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/06/30/smartest-home-in-america_n_5537970.html Archived] from the original on 10 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> <ref name="twincities">{{Cite web |last=Anderson |first=Jake |title=Kickstarter Hit Lands $12.5M From Silicon Valley |url=http://tcbmag.com/News/Recent-News/2013/November/Kickstarter-Hit-Lands-$12-5M-From-Silicon-Valley |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821042435/http://tcbmag.com/News/Recent-News/2013/November/Kickstarter-Hit-Lands-$12-5M-From-Silicon-Valley |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=Twin Cities Business}}</ref>SmartThings yaje gushyira ku isoko ibicuruzwa byayo mu buryo bwa k'ubucuruzi mu kwezi kwa kanama 2013, mbere yo gukusanya miliyoni 12.5 z'inyongera mu cyiciro cy'ishoramari cya Series A mu mpera za 2013. <ref name="techcrunch3">{{Cite web |last=Lawler |first=Ryan |date=12 November 2013 |title=SmartThings Raises $12.5 Million From Greylock And Highland To Power The Internet Of Things |url=https://techcrunch.com/2013/11/12/smartthings-12-5m-greylock-highland/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714020116/http://techcrunch.com/2013/11/12/smartthings-12-5m-greylock-highland/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref name="techcrunch1">{{Cite web |last=Lomas |first=Natasha |date=4 December 2012 |title=SmartThings Closes $3M Seed Round, Led By First Round Capital, Launches Competition To Grow Community Of Smart Object Developers |url=https://techcrunch.com/2012/12/04/smartthings-closes-3m-seed-round-led-by-first-round-capital-launches-competition-to-grow-community-of-smart-object-developers/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140706011900/http://techcrunch.com/2012/12/04/smartthings-closes-3m-seed-round-led-by-first-round-capital-launches-competition-to-grow-community-of-smart-object-developers/ |archive-date=6 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=TechCrunch}}</ref> <ref name="allthingsd2">{{Cite web |last=Goode |first=Lauren |title=SmartThings, the "Internet of Things" Company That Connects the Gadgets in Your Home, Launches Its Own Store |url=http://allthingsd.com/20130821/smartthings-the-internet-of-things-company-that-connects-the-gadgets-in-your-home-launches-its-own-store/?mod=atd_homepage_carousel |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821022710/http://allthingsd.com/20130821/smartthings-the-internet-of-things-company-that-connects-the-gadgets-in-your-home-launches-its-own-store/?mod=atd_homepage_carousel |archive-date=21 August 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=AllThingsD}}</ref> <ref name="allthingsd">{{Cite web |last=Gannes |first=Liz |title=SmartThings, a Kickstarter Hit, Raises $3M More From VCs and Angels |url=http://allthingsd.com/20121204/smartthings-a-kickstarter-hit-raises-3m-more-from-vcs-and-angels/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140707215602/http://allthingsd.com/20121204/smartthings-a-kickstarter-hit-raises-3m-more-from-vcs-and-angels/ |archive-date=7 July 2014 |access-date=10 July 2014 |publisher=AllThingsD}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2014, Samsung Electronics yatangaje ko imaze kumvikana yo kugura SmartThings. <ref name="Clark2014">{{Cite web |last=Don Clark |date=Aug 14, 2014 |title=Samsung reaches Deal to Buy Startup SmartThings |url=https://online.wsj.com/articles/samsung-reaches-deal-to-buy-startup-smartthings-1408062020 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140817191431/http://online.wsj.com/articles/samsung-reaches-deal-to-buy-startup-smartthings-1408062020 |archive-date=2014-08-17 |access-date=Aug 18, 2014 |website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2014 |title=Samsung snaps up SmartThings, embracing Internet of Things |url=http://www.cnet.com/news/samsung-snaps-up-smartthings-embracing-internet-of-things/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816220230/http://www.cnet.com/news/samsung-snaps-up-smartthings-embracing-internet-of-things/ |archive-date=16 August 2014 |publisher=CNET}}</ref> Amasezerano y’imari y’amasezerano ntabwo yigeze atangazwa ku mugaragaro ariko yagereranijwe agera kuri miliyoni 200 z’amadolari y’ibitabo by’ubucuruzi icyo gihe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 August 2014 |title=SmartThings Acquired By Samsung For Around $200 Million |url=https://techcrunch.com/2014/08/14/smartthings-acquired-by-samsung-for-around-200-million/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Techcrunch}}</ref> == Ibicuruzwa na serivisi == Ku ikubitiro SmartThings yabyaye suite yibikoresho byabigenewe na serivisi za software, harimo inzu yo mu rugo ifite ubwenge hamwe na sensor. Muri Kamena 2020, umuyobozi ushinzwe ubwubatsi bwa SmartThings, Mark Benson, yatangaje ko SmartThings izitandukanya no gukora ibyuma byayo ahubwo ikibanda kuri software. Isosiyete irizera kwinjiza andi masosiyete gukora no gukwirakwiza ibyuma bya SmartThings. Mu <ref name="BI2020">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |title=Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Business Insider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliams">Williams, Joe. [https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 "Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software"]. Business Insider<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref>, SmartThings yatangaje ko [[Aeotec]] izafata umurongo w’ibikoresho by’i Burayi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2020 |title=SmartThings and Aeotec – A Connected Family |url=https://blog.smartthings.com/news/roundups/smartthings-and-aeotec-a-connected-family/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=SmartThiings |publisher=SmartThings, Inc.}}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2020, Aeotec yatangaje ko izanacunga ibikoresho bya SmartThings portfolio muri Ositaraliya, Kanada, Ubwongereza, na Amerika. <ref name="Aeotec SmartThings">{{Cite web |last=Dykes |first=Daniel |title=Aeotec builds upon its industry leading portfolio of smart home products through agreement with SmartThings |url=https://aeotec.com/about/news/aeotec-smartthings-announcement.html |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Aeotec}}</ref> Kuva muri Gashyantare 2021, SmartThings itegura porogaramu na serivisi zicu. <ref name="BI2020">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Joe |title=Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 |access-date=10 December 2020 |publisher=Business Insider}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFWilliams">Williams, Joe. [https://www.businessinsider.com/exclusive-why-samsungs-smartthings-is-going-all-in-on-software-2020-6 "Why Samsung's SmartThings arm is pivoting entirely into software"]. Business Insider<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Higginbotham |first=Stacey |date=25 June 2020 |title=SmartThings will kill legacy features to make a smarter home |url=https://staceyoniot.com/smartthings-will-kill-legacy-features-to-make-a-smarter-home/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=Stacey on IoT |publisher=SKT Labs, LLC}}</ref> 6xeahvgq391666zemksct2ojsko4dki 0 21095 139290 135154 2026-09-23T07:38:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139290 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Zygoma Implants''' (cyangwa '''gushiramo zygomatike''' ) bitandukanye no gutera amenyo asanzwe kubera ko yomeka kumagufwa ya zygomatike aho kuba maxilla <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Migliorança |first=Reginaldo Mário |last2=Ilg |first2=Jan Peter |last3=Serrano |first3=André Sakima |last4=Souza |first4=Ricardo Pires de |last5=Zamperlini |first5=Marcelo de Sá |date=2006 |title=Exteriorização de fixações zigomáticas em relação ao seio maxilar: uma nova abordagem cirúrgica |url=https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-457347 |journal=ImplantNews |language=pt |pages=30–35}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Chrcanovic |first=Bruno Ramos |last2=Pedrosa |first2=Alexsander Ribeiro |last3=Custódio |first3=Antônio Luís Neto |date=March 2013 |title=Zygomatic implants: a critical review of the surgical techniques |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10006-012-0316-y |journal=Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1007/s10006-012-0316-y |issn=1865-1550 |pmid=22274763 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> . Bishobora gukoreshwa mugihe ubunini bw' amagupfa cyangwa ubwinshi bidahagije mugushira amenyo asanzwe. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Aparicio |first=Carlos Ed |year=2012 |title=Zygomatic Implants: The Anatomy-guided Approach |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=v2p7twAACAAJ&q=zygoma+implants |publisher=Quintessence, 2012 |isbn=9781850972259 |edition=illustrated |pages=268 pages}}</ref> Umubare w'amagufwa adahagije ushobora guterwa no gufata amagufwa kimwe no guhumeka kwa sinus ya maxillary cyangwa guhuza byombi. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Malevez |first=Chantal |last2=Daelemans |first2=Philippe |last3=Adriaenssens |first3=Philippe |last4=Durdu |first4=Françoise |date=2003-10-01 |title=Use of zygomatic implants to deal with resorbed posterior maxillae |journal=Periodontology 2000 |language=en |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=82–89 |doi=10.1046/j.0906-6713.2002.03307.x |issn=1600-0757 |pmid=12950843 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Uburebure bwamagufwa ntoya kugirango hashyirwemo igice cyimbere cyurwasaya rwo hejuru bigomba kuba nka 10mm kugirango yemeze kubaho kwimikwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=ten Bruggenkate |first=Chris M. |last2=van den Bergh |first2=Johan P. A. |date=1998-06-01 |title=Maxillary sinus floor elevation: a valuable pre-prosthetic procedure |journal=Periodontology 2000 |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=176–182 |doi=10.1111/j.1600-0757.1998.tb00133.x |issn=1600-0757 |pmid=10337323}}</ref> Iyo hari amagufwa adahagije aboneka, uburyo bwo guhuza amagufwa hamwe nuburyo bwo kuzamura sinus bushobora gukorwa kugirango ubwinshi bwamagufwa. Uburyo bwo gutera amagufwa mu rwasaya bufite ingaruka mbi zo kuvura igihe kirekire, kubuza kwambara amenyo, uburwayi bw’ahantu ho kubaga abaterankunga no kwangwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davo |first=Ruben |last2=Malevez |first2=Chantal |last3=Rojas |first3=Juliana |date=2007 |title=Immediate function in the atrophic maxilla using zygoma implants: A preliminary study |journal=The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry |volume=97 |issue=6 |pages=S44–S51 |doi=10.1016/s0022-3913(07)60007-9 |pmid=17618933}}</ref> Gutera Zygoma byatangijwe bwa mbere mu mpera za 90 na Dr. Per Ingvar Brånemark, uzwi cyane nka Se wa Implantology Dental Implantology. Gutera Zygomatike byakoreshejwe mu kuvura amenyo ku barwayi bafite amagufwa adahagije mu rwasaya rwo hejuru, bitewe, urugero, gusaza, kuvura ibibyimba, ihahamuka, cyangwa atrophy. Gutera Zygoma bifata anchorage kumagufwa ya zygoma / zygomatic (igufwa ryumusaya). Amagufwa ya zygomatike ni menshi mu bwiza kandi ni cortical muri kamere kuruta amagufwa yinyuma. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kato |first=Yorihisa |last2=Kizu |first2=Yasuhiro |last3=Tonogi |first3=Morio |date=2005 |title=Internal Structure of Zygomatic Bone Related to Zygomatic Fixture |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-oral-and-maxillofacial-surgery_2005-09_63_9/page/1325 |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Surg |volume=63 |issue=9 |pages=1325–1329 |doi=10.1016/j.joms.2005.05.313 |pmid=16122597}}</ref> Kubera inanga ikomeye ishobora kugerwaho mumagufa yuzuye yo mukarere ka zygomatike, hamwe no gukwirakwiza imihangayiko yagerwaho kuri ibyo byatewe, <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Migliorança |first=Reginaldo Mário |last2=Vasco |first2=Marco Antônio Amorim |last3=Coppedê |first3=Abílio Ricciardi |last4=Mayo |first4=Thiago Martins de |last5=Viterbo |first5=Rodrigo Barletta S. |date=2009 |title=Estudo comparativo da dissipação de tensões em fixações zigomáticas instaladas internamente ou externamente ao seio maxilar: uma análise 3D pelo método de elementos finitos |url=https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-544179 |journal=ImplantNews |language=pt |pages=395–402}}</ref> prothèse irashobora guhita ishyirwa mugihe cyo kubagwa. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Migliorança |first=Reginaldo Mário |last2=Ilg |first2=Jan Peter |last3=Mayo |first3=Thiago Martins de |last4=Serrano |first4=André Sakima |last5=Souza |first5=Ricardo Pires de |date=2006 |title=Função imediata em fixações zigomáticas: relato de dois casos com 18 e 30 meses de acompanhamento clínico |url=https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-457396 |journal=ImplantNews |language=pt |pages=243–247}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Maló |first=Paulo |last2=Araujo Nobre |first2=Miguel de |last3=Lopes |first3=Isabel |date=2008 |title=A new approach to rehabilitate the severely atrophic maxilla using extramaxillary anchored implants in immediate function: A pilot study |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-prosthetic-dentistry_2008-11_100_5/page/354 |journal=The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry |volume=100 |issue=5 |pages=354–356 |doi=10.1016/s0022-3913(08)60237-1 |pmid=18992569}}</ref> Gutera zygoma biraboneka muburebure buri hagati ya 30 na 52.5mm. Umutwe watewe na zygoma wakozwe kugirango yemere prothèse kumugereka wa dogere 45 kuri dogere ndende yatewe. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kreissl |first=Marion |last2=Heydecke |first2=Guido |last3=Metzger |first3=Marc C |last4=Schoen |first4=Ralf |date=2007 |title=Zygoma implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation after partial maxillectomy using surgical navigation: A clinical report |url=http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/4257/1/Kreissl_J_Prosthet_Dent_2007_V.pdf |url-status=dead |journal=The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry |volume=97 |issue=3 |pages=121–8 |doi=10.1016/j.prosdent.2007.01.009 |pmid=17394908 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170924152606/http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/4257/1/Kreissl_J_Prosthet_Dent_2007_V.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-24 |access-date=2019-02-01}}</ref> Gutera Zygomatic ishobora gukoreshwa kubarwayi badafite amenyo mu rwasaya rwo hejuru, abarwayi bavunitse cyane amenyo cyangwa amenyo yimukanwa cyane kubera indwara nka parontontite yibasiye. Intsinzi yo gutera <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Rajan |first=Gunaseelan |last2=Baig |first2=Mirza Rustum |last3=Nesan |first3=John |last4=Subramanian |first4=Jayaram |date=2010 |title=Fixed rehabilitation of patient with aggressive periodontitis using zygoma implants |journal=Indian J Dent Res |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=125–128 |doi=10.4103/0970-9290.62801 |pmid=20427922 |doi-access=free}}</ref> mubitabo kwisi yose ni 97-98%. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kahnberg |first=Karl-Erik |last2=Henry |first2=Patric J. |last3=Hirsch |first3=Jan-Mikael |last4=Öhrnell |first4=Lars-Olov |last5=Andreasson |first5=Lars |last6=Brånemark |first6=Per-Ingvar |date=2007 |title=Clinical Evaluation of the Zygoma Implant: 3-Year Follow-Up at 16 Clinics |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-oral-and-maxillofacial-surgery_2007-10_65_10/page/2033 |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Surg |volume=65 |issue=10 |pages=2033–2038 |doi=10.1016/j.joms.2007.05.013 |pmid=17884535}}</ref> Ingorane zijyanye no gushyirwaho ni [[Sinizite|sinusite]], paresthesia mukarere ka musaya na fistula ya oroantral. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Davó |first=Rubén |last2=Malevez |first2=Chantal |last3=López-Orellana |first3=Cristóbal |last4=Pastor-Beviá |first4=Francisco |last5=Rojas |first5=Juliana |date=2008 |title=Sinus reactions to immediately loaded zygoma implants: a clinical and radiological study |journal=Eur J Oral Implantol |volume=1 |issue=1 |pages=53–60 |pmid=20467644}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chrcanovic |first=Bruno Ramos |last2=Abreu |first2=Mauro Henrique Nogueira Guimarães |date=June 2013 |title=Survival and complications of zygomatic implants: a systematic review |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10006-012-0331-z |journal=Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |language=en |volume=17 |issue=2 |pages=81–93 |doi=10.1007/s10006-012-0331-z |issn=1865-1550 |pmid=22562293 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chrcanovic |first=Bruno Ramos |last2=Albrektsson |first2=Tomas |last3=Wennerberg |first3=Ann |date=October 2016 |title=Survival and Complications of Zygomatic Implants: An Updated Systematic Review |url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0278239116304463 |journal=Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |language=en |volume=74 |issue=10 |pages=1949–1964 |doi=10.1016/j.joms.2016.06.166 |pmid=27422530}}</ref> Mubusanzwe, hariho uburyo bubiri bwo kubaga uburyo bwo gutera zygomatic. Imwe muriyo ni tekiniki ya kera yasobanuwe neza na Brånemark mu mwaka wa 1998, <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Migliorança |first=Reginaldo Mário |last2=Ilg |first2=Jan Peter |last3=Serrano |first3=André Sakima |last4=Souza |first4=Ricardo Pires de |last5=Zamperlini |first5=Marcelo de Sá |date=2006 |title=Exteriorização de fixações zigomáticas em relação ao seio maxilar: uma nova abordagem cirúrgica |url=https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-457347 |journal=ImplantNews |language=pt |pages=30–35}}<cite class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMigliorançaIlgSerranoSouza2006">Migliorança, Reginaldo Mário; Ilg, Jan Peter; Serrano, André Sakima; Souza, Ricardo Pires de; Zamperlini, Marcelo de Sá (2006). [https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-457347 "Exteriorização de fixações zigomáticas em relação ao seio maxilar: uma nova abordagem cirúrgica"]. ''ImplantNews'' (in Portuguese): <span class="nowrap">30–</span>35.</cite> [[Category:CS1 Portuguese-language sources (pt)]]</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Brånemark |first=Per-Ingvar |year=1998 |title=Surgery and fixture installation: zygomaticus fixture clinical procedures |publisher=Nobel Biocare AB |edition=1st |location=Gothenburg, Sweden |publication-date=1998 |language=English}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Migliorança |first=Reginaldo Mário |last2=Coppedê |first2=Abílio Ricciardi |last3=Zamperlini |first3=Marcelo de Sá |last4=Mayo |first4=Thiago de |last5=Viterbo |first5=Rodrigo Barletta S. |last6=Lima |first6=Daniela Mattar |date=2007 |title=Reabilitação da maxila atrófica sem enxertos ósseos: resultados de um novo protocolo utilizado em casos de edentulismo total |url=https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/resource/pt/lil-518131 |journal=ImplantNews |language=pt |pages=557–564}}</ref> Sinusal, naho iyindi yo mu mwaka wa 2003, Tekinike Yongeyeho na Reginaldo Migliorança, yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu gitabo cyanditswe muri Mutarama mu mwaka wa 2003. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Chrcanovic |first=Bruno Ramos |last2=Pedrosa |first2=Alexsander Ribeiro |last3=Custódio |first3=Antônio Luís Neto |date=March 2013 |title=Zygomatic implants: a critical review of the surgical techniques |url=http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10006-012-0316-y |journal=Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |language=en |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=1–9 |doi=10.1007/s10006-012-0316-y |issn=1865-1550 |pmid=22274763 |url-access=subscription}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFChrcanovicPedrosaCustódio2013">Chrcanovic, Bruno Ramos; Pedrosa, Alexsander Ribeiro; Custódio, Antônio Luís Neto (March 2013). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required">[http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10006-012-0316-y "Zygomatic implants: a critical review of the surgical techniques"]</span>. ''Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery''. '''17''' (1): <span class="nowrap">1–</span>9. [[Doi (identifier)|doi]]:[[doi:10.1007/s10006-012-0316-y|10.1007/s10006-012-0316-y]]. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1865-1550 1865-1550]. [[PMID (identifier)|PMID]]&nbsp;[https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22274763 22274763].</cite></ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 1wmgserujr9vuzzlice9rywkvc0u157 0 21097 139261 125517 2026-09-23T07:32:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dimensia_remote.jpg|right|thumb|404x404px|Digital Command Centre hamwe na Dimensia Igenzura Digital]] '''Digital Command Centre''' yari igikoresho kinini cyo kugenzura kure (remote control) cyashyiriweho televisiyo zihenze za RCA; mu 1983 kuri Colortrak 2000 hamwe na SJT400 CED umukinnyi <ref>{{Cite web |title=ColorTrak 2000 Digital Command Center Remote Control from 1983 |url=http://cedmagic.com/history/digital-command-center.html |website=cedmagic.com}}</ref> naho 1984 muri TV ya Dimensia Lyceum. Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyaranze Digital Command Centre ni uko byari rusange mubice byinshi bya RCA, harimo VCR, abakinyi ba CED, tuneri, amplifier, CD ikinisha, nibindi, hejuru yo kugenzura monite ubwayo. Digital Command Centre yatwaye bateri enye za AA kububasha, kubera ubwinshi bwayo kandi mbere yigihe cyayo. Ikigo cya mbere cya Digital Command Centre cyasohotse mu 1984 hamwe na sisitemu ya Dimensia, CRK35A, yari ifite buto 52, ifite ububiko bw'ibikoresho, kandi ipima hafi ikiro kimwe na batiri. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RCA Dimensia CRK35A Infrared Remote Control |url=http://cedmagic.com/museum/dimensia/crk35a.html |website=cedmagic.com}}</ref> Mu 1985, RCA yasohoye sisitemu ya Digital Command Component Sisitemu, sisitemu yose y amajwi yahujwe nibikoresho byose byamajwi ya Dimensia, nayo yakoresheje Digital Command Centre kure. Igitekerezo cy'iyi sisitemu kwari ukugira ubushobozi bwuzuye bw'ijwi rwa Dimensia utagombye gukoresha monitor ya Dimensia. == Sisitemu ya Dimensia == In Dimensia television systems, the remote was called ''Dimensia Intelligent Audio Video'' or ''Dimensia Digital Control'' because all of the components were integrated so that the remote could activate the entire system with the touch of one button by communicating with the built-in computer found in the Dimensia monitor via the black control jack found on all Dimensia components. This remote had 8 device keys on it; TV, VCR, VID2 (DISC), AUX, AM/FM, PHON, TAPE, and CD. Since the CED Player intended to be released with the Dimensia system in 1984 was cancelled, the VID2 button and the ability to control the CED Players was absent from later remotes. Video ya Audio Intelligent Audio Dimensia yasimbujwe icyuma kimeze nk'umugozi (CRK45A) mu 1987 <ref>{{Cite web |title=RCA Dimensia CRK35A Infrared Remote Control |url=http://www.cedmagic.com/museum/dimensia/crk35a.html |website=www.cedmagic.com}}</ref> . 0krj4zno3jpv2suu65vuzuexhi78ws8 0 21121 139375 125553 2026-09-23T09:09:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139375 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Erez Biton''' ( Hebrew; wavutse 1942 i Oran, [[Aligeriya|muri Alijeriya]] ) ni umusizi wa Isiraheli wavukiye muri Alijeriya ukomoka muri Maroc. Niwe wahawe igihembo cya Isiraheli 2015 kubera ubuvanganzo n’imivugo by’igiheburayo, mu bindi bihembo by’ubuvanganzo. == Ubuzima == Erez Biton yavukiye i Oran mu muryango w'Abayahudi bo muri Maroc. Umuryango we wihishe mu 1948, utembera muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]] maze bakora aliyah bajya muri Isirayeli.<ref name="Benaim">{{Cite news |last=Benaim |first=Rachel |date=December 2015 |title=The Mizrahim Are Finding Their Voice |url=http://www.thetower.org/article/the-mizrahim-are-finding-their-voice/ |access-date=17 December 2015 |publisher=[[The Tower Magazine]]}}</ref> Yakurira i Lodi. <ref name="Benaim" /> Ku myaka 10, yabuze ubushobozi bwo kubona ndetse n’ukuboko kwe kw’ibumoso kubera grenade yari yabaye igikomeza yari yabonye. Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya B.A. mu kazi k’imibereho muri Kaminuza ya Hebrew i Yerusalemu ndeste na MA muri psychologiya muri kaminuza ya Bar-Ilan.<ref name="ithl">{{Cite web |title=Erez Biton |url=http://www.ithl.org.il/page_13570 |access-date=March 30, 2013 |website=The Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature}}</ref> Biton yashakanye na Rachel Calahorra Biton, kandi bombi bafite abana babiri. == Umwuga == Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo ye, Biton yakoraga akazi k’imibereho myiza (social worker) i Ashkelon imyaka irindwi, ndetse agakora nka psikoloji (psychologist) mu mujyi uri kure. Yakoraga kandi nka mutwe w’itangazamakuru (journalist) kandi asohora inkingi y’inkuru y’icyumweru muri gazeti rikomeye rya Isirayeli, ''Maariv.''<ref name="ithl">{{Cite web |title=Erez Biton |url=http://www.ithl.org.il/page_13570 |access-date=March 30, 2013 |website=The Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.ithl.org.il/page_13570 "Erez Biton"]. ''The Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Igiti cye cya mbere, ''Mincha Marokait'' (Impano y’Abanya-Moroko), cyasohotse mu 1976, kimushyira ku mwanya w’Umubyeyi w’Abasizi ba Mizrahi muri Isirayeli.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hever |first=Hannan |year=2012 |title="We are the Fragments of Rhymes": The Poetry of Erez Biton between East and West |url=http://www.levantine-journal.org/The+Poetry+of+Erez+Biton_h_hd_59_10.aspx |url-status=dead |journal=[[Journal of Levantine Studies]] |volume=2 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201205839/http://www.levantine-journal.org/The+Poetry+of+Erez+Biton_h_hd_59_10.aspx |archive-date=2014-02-01 |access-date=2014-01-21}}</ref> == Imirimo yatangajwe == === Ibisigo === * ''Mincha Maroka'it'' ( Hebrew ) "Impano ya Maroc," Eked, 1976 * ''Reba Hana'na'' ( Hebrew ) "Igitabo cya Mint," Eked, 1979 * ''Tsipor bein Yabashot'' ( Hebrew ) "Inyoni yo hagati", 1990 * ''Timbisert, Tsipor Maroka'it'' ( Hebrew ), "Timbisert, Inyoni yo muri Maroc", Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2009 * ''Nofim Khavushei Einayim'' ( Hebrew ) "Ahantu nyaburanga", Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2013 * ''Bet Hapsanterim'' (Igiheburayo: בית הפסנתרים) "Inzu ya Piyano", Hakibbutz Hameuchad, 2015 === Ikinamico === * ''Sulika'' ( Hebrew ) "Soulika", Snir, 2005 == Ibihembo no kumenyekana == * (2015) Biton yahawe igihembo cya Isiraheli kubera ubuvanganzo, Umuyahudi wa mbere Mizrahi wakiriye. Komite ishinzwe ibihembo yavuze ko ibisigo bye ari "icyitegererezo cy’ubutwari, cyiyumvamo kandi cyimbitse hamwe n’ubunararibonye butandukanye bw’umuntu ku giti cye hamwe na hamwe byibanze ku bubabare bwo kwimuka, gushinga imizi mu gihugu, no kongera kwerekana indangamuntu ya Mizrahi nk’ibice bigize ishusho rusange ya Isiraheli <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2015 |title=First Mizrachi Winner of Israel Prize in Literature |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/322048}}</ref> * (2014) Igihembo cya Bialik Kubuzima Bwubuzima Bwose * (2014) Igihembo cya Yehuda Amichai * (1988) Igihembo cya Minisitiri w’intebe * (1982) Igihembo cya Miriam Talpir == Reba kandi == * Ubuvanganzo bwa Isiraheli == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.ithl.org.il/page_13570 Biografiya na bibliografiya] mu kigo gishinzwe guhindura ubuvanganzo bw'igiheburayo * [https://brill.com/fileasset/downloads_products/35120_EJIW_Preview.pdf Encyclopedia y'Abayahudi mu Isi ya Isilamu], na Stanley Nash, p {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Biton, Erez}} q9kjrvxh4fyly3bf2ipgmox761z7qpl 0 21123 139511 138371 2026-09-23T10:00:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139511 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Cerebral Inc.''' ni isosiyete y'Abanyamerika ikorera mu rwego rwa telehealth, itanga serivisi z'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, zirimo ubujyanama, ibiganiro na muganga (therapy), ndetse no gucunga imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zitandukanye zo mu mutwe. == Amateka == Cerebral yashinzwe mu 2020 na Kyle Robertson na Ho Anh. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 8, 2020 |title=Startup Gambles on Treating Mental Health Online |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-01-08/startup-gambles-on-treating-mental-health-online |website=Bloomberg}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 8, 2022 |title=Startup Cerebral Soared on Easy Adderall Prescriptions. That Was Its Undoing. |url=https://www.wsj.com/health/healthcare/cerebral-adderall-adhd-prescribe-11654705250 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> Isosiyete yahise igabanya ibikorwa byayo muri Amerika yose kandi ikura urusobe rwayo irimo abaganga babarirwa mu bihumbi babifitemo uruhushya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 10, 2022 |title=Cerebral in a new era with focus on clinical quality, CEO says |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/health-tech/embattled-startup-cerebral-tripling-down-clinical-quality-efforts-ceo-says-amid-0 |access-date=April 18, 2025 |website=Fierce Healthcare}}</ref> Kera, Cerebral yafatanije na gymnast hamwe n'uwatsindiye umudari wa zahabu mu mikino Olempike Simone Biles nk'umuyobozi mukuru w’ingaruka. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Radnofsky |first=Louise |title=Simone Biles Executes a Tricky New Move: Mental-Health Champion |url=https://www.wsj.com/sports/olympics/simone-biles-mental-health-11634778299 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |website=WSJ |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2021, isosiyete yakusanyije miliyoni 127 z'amadolari, ifite agaciro ka miliyari 1.2. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gormley |first=Brian |date=June 10, 2021 |title=Cerebral Raises $127 Million, Adds to Mental-Health Funding Surge |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/cerebral-raises-127-million-adds-to-mental-health-funding-surge-11623326401 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Mental-Health Startup Cerebral Nabs $1.2 Billion Valuation |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-10/mental-health-startup-cerebral-nabs-1-2-billion-valuation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220131053831/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-06-10/mental-health-startup-cerebral-nabs-1-2-billion-valuation |archive-date=2022-01-31 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |work=Bloomberg.com |language=en |url-status=live }}</ref> Mu Kuboza 2021, Cerebral yakusanyije miliyoni 300 z'amadolari mu cyiciro cy’inkunga ya Series C iyobowe na SoftBank Vision Fund 2, bituma igiciro cy’isosiyete kigera kuri miliyari 4.8. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Gormley |first=Brian |date=December 8, 2021 |title=SoftBank Leads $300 Million Investment in Mental-Health Startup Cerebral |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/softbank-leads-300-million-investment-in-mental-health-startup-cerebral-11638975912 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |work=Wall Street Journal |language=en-US |issn=0099-9660}}</ref> Muri iki cyiciro harimo abashoramari nka Prysm Capital, Access Industries, na WestCap Group. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=Mental health startup Cerebral gets SoftBank funding, valuation surges to $4.8 bln |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/mental-health-startup-cerebral-gets-135938397.html |access-date=April 18, 2025 |website=Reuters via Yahoo Finance}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 8, 2021 |title=SoftBank backs mental health app Cerebral, giving it $4.8B valuation |url=https://medcitynews.com/2021/12/softbank-backs-mental-health-app-cerebral-giving-it-4-8b-valuation/ |access-date=April 18, 2025 |website=MedCity News}}</ref> Mu 2022, Ubwonko bwaragenzuwe kubera imikorere yabugenewe, cyane cyane ku bintu bigenzurwa nka Adderall. Minisiteri y'Ubutabera yo muri Amerika (DOJ) yatangiye gukora iperereza ku kurenga ku itegeko rigenga ibiyobyabwenge. Mu gusubiza, Cerebral yatangaje ko izahagarika imiti myinshi yandikiwe ibintu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Livingston |first=Blake Dodge, Shelby |title=Leaked email: Mental-health startup Cerebral will stop prescribing most controlled drugs like Xanax and Adderall |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/cerebral-to-stop-prescribing-most-controlled-substances-2022-5 |access-date=May 6, 2025 |website=Business Insider |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Landi |first=Heather |date=May 4, 2022 |title=Truepill, Cerebral halt prescriptions for ADHD medications |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/health-tech/truepill-cerebral-stop-prescribing-adderall-new-adhd-patients-amid-reports-mental |access-date=May 6, 2025 |website=www.fiercehealthcare.com |language=en}}</ref> Nyuma yo gusohoka kwa Kyle Robertson, muri Gicurasi 2022, Ubwonko bwaragize ibibazo bikomeye, harimo ku gabanya abakozi no guhindura ingamba, mu gihe hagenzuwe amabwiriza ndetse n’ingutu z’amafaranga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 24, 2022 |title=Cerebral cuts staff for 2nd time in 2022 |url=https://www.modernhealthcare.com/operations/cerebral-layoffs-digital-health-staff |access-date=May 6, 2025 |website=Modern Healthcare |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Landi |first=Heather |date=June 2, 2022 |title=Cerebral announces layoffs as part of operational restructure |url=https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/health-tech/cerebral-announces-layoffs-part-operational-restructure-amid-federal-investigation |access-date=May 6, 2025 |website=www.fiercehealthcare.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 3, 2024 |title=Cerebral's WestCap Consulting Deals Targeted in Lawsuit |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-04-03/cerebral-s-westcap-consulting-deals-targeted-in-investor-lawsuit |website=bloomberg.com}}</ref> Kyle Robertson kuva ubwo yasanze Zealthy, isosiyete ikora imiti. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Content |first=Sponsored |date=May 19, 2017 |title=Patients Are Choosing Zealthy—Here's Why It's a Healthcare Favourite |url=https://fastcompany.co.za/impact/2024-11-13-patients-are-choosing-zealthyheres-why-its-a-healthcare-favourite/ |access-date=May 6, 2025 |website=Fast Company |language=en}}</ref> David Mou, yinjiye kuba umuyobozi mukuru hagati ya 2022, wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo. Ugushyingo 2024, Cerebral yaje kwemera kwishyura miliyoni 3.65 z'amadolari kugira ngo ikemure iperereza rya DOJ. <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2024 |title=Telehealth company Cerebral to pay $3.65 mln to resolve probe of Adderall sales |url=https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/telehealth-company-cerebral-pay-365-mln-resolve-probe-adderall-sales-2024-11-05/ |website=Reuters}}</ref> Mou yeguye ku mirimo ye mu Kuboza 2024. Brian Reinken wahoze mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi, kuva yatangira kuba umuyobozi mukuru w'agateganyo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 4, 2025 |title=The former CEO of troubled startup Cerebral has a new project: another mental health company |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/cerebral-ceo-raise-seed-funding-morningside-mental-health-startup-2025-3 |access-date=April 18, 2025 |website=Business Insider}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2025, Cerebral yatangaje ko yaguze Resilience Lab, isosiyete y’ubuzima y’imyitwarire yibanda ku guhugura abaganga b’ubuzima bwo mu mutwe hakiri kare no kugabanya umuriro w’abaganga no gucuruza. Cerebral yavuze ko iteganya kwagura urugero rw’amahugurwa ya Resilience Lab hamwe na protocole ku rubuga rwayo kugira ngo hongerwe ireme ry'ubuvuzi, ibisubizo by'abakiriya, ndetse n'ibisubizo bifatika ku bishyura ubwishingizi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 August 2025 |title=Cerebral Acquires Resilience Lab to Scale Proven Model of High Quality, Personalized Care |url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/cerebral-acquires-resilience-lab-scale-120000833.html |access-date=7 August 2025 |website=Yahoo Finance}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adamek |first=Emily |date=23 June 2025 |title=Cerebral Controversy: Investigations, Lawsuits, and Changes |url=https://www.choosingtherapy.com/cerebral-controversy/ |access-date=7 August 2025 |website=ChoosingTherapy.com}}</ref> == Serivisi == Cerebral itanga serivisi zo gufasha mu buzima bwo mu mutwe hifashishijwe internet,zirimo ubuvuzi bwo mu buryo bw'ibiganiro (therapy), issuzuma rikorwa n'abaganga b'inzobere mu mutwe (psychiatrist evaluations), gucunga imikoreshereze y'imiti (medication management), ndetse no gutanga ubufasha buhoraho (ongoing support). Ihuriro rikoresha uburyo bwo kwiyandikisha kandi rikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya telehealth kugirango rihuze abakoresha nabavuzi babifitemo uruhushya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 7, 2020 |title=Digital mental health subscription service Cerebral lands $35M |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/news/digital-mental-health-subscription-service-cerebral-lands-35m |access-date=April 18, 2025 |website=MobiHealthNews}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h1ju1562evcb5o09cn3ia1rqokca8ob 0 21125 139127 125571 2026-09-23T02:38:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139127 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Itangazo rya Cairo ryerekeye uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Islamu''' ( '''CDHRI''' ) <ref name="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam at hrlibrary.umn.edu">{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> ry’ibihugu bigize Umuryango w’umuryango w’ubufatanye bwa kisilamu [[Islamic calendar|(]] OIC) <ref name="Brems">{{Cite book |last=Brems |first=E |year=2001 |title=Human rights: universality and diversity: Volume 66 of International studies in human rights |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=90-411-1618-4 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=INlkqsHpIFEC&pg=PA241 241–84] |chapter=Islamic Declarations of Human Rights}}</ref> mbere i Cairo, mu Misiri, ku ya 5 Kanama 1990 [[Muharramu|,]] Inyandiko ya 1990 yemeza ko shariya ya kisilamu ari yo soko yonyine, mu gihe verisiyo ya 2020 idasaba shariya. CDHRI yatangaje ko intego yayo ari "ubuyobozi rusange ku bihugu bigize Umuryango [OIC] mu bijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu". Iri tangazo ryemerwa cyane nk'igisubizo cya kisilamu ku itangazo ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku burenganzira bwa muntu (UDHR), ryemejwe mu 1948. Riremeza ko bamwe, ariko atari bose, ba UDHR kandi rikaba ari inyandiko nzima y’amabwiriza y’uburenganzira bwa muntu yashyizweho n’abanyamuryango ba OIC gukurikiza, ariko akababuza ku buryo bugaragara imipaka yashyizweho na shariya. Kubera iyi mipaka, CDHRI yanenzwe nkugerageza gukingira ibihugu bigize OIC kunengwa n’amahanga kubera ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu, ndetse no kutubahiriza ubwisanzure bw’amadini, bifite ishingiro ku gihano cy’umubiri no kwemerera ivangura ridafite abayisilamu n’abagore. === Amateka === Ibihugu bitandukanye by’abayisilamu byari binenze Itangazo mpuzamahanga ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu ryo mu 1948 kubera ko rititaye ku bijyanye n’umuco n’idini by’ibihugu bitari Iburengerazuba. <ref>National Review Online, [http://www.nationalreview.com/article/205577/human-rights-and-human-wrongs-david-g-littman Human Rights and Human Wrongs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816175634/http://www.nationalreview.com/article/205577/human-rights-and-human-wrongs-david-g-littman|date=2016-08-16}}, David G. Littman, January 19, 2003, retrieved 30 May, 2012</ref> Mu 1981, Said Rajaie-Khorassani - uhagarariye Irani nyuma y’impinduramatwara muri Loni - yavuze uko igihugu cye gihagaze ku bijyanye na UDHR, avuga ko ari "imyumvire idahwitse y’imyumvire y’umuco wa gikirisitu ya gikirisitu ", idashobora gushyirwa mu bikorwa n’abayisilamu batanyuranyije n’amategeko ya kisilamu. <ref>Anver M. Emon, Mark Ellis, Benjamin Glahn: [https://books.google.com/books?id=Y3hpAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA113 Islamic Law and International Human Rights Law] p. 113. Oxford University Press, 2012.</ref> CDHRI yemejwe mu 1990 n’abanyamuryango b’umuryango w’inama ya kisilamu. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2012, yari yarasinywe n'ibihugu 45. Mu 1992, CDHRI yashyikirijwe Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu, aho yamaganwe cyane na komisiyo mpuzamahanga y’abahanga mu mategeko. Iri tangazo ritangira rivuga ngo "Abantu bose bagize umuryango umwe abayoboke bahujwe no kugandukira Allah no gukomoka kuri Adamu", kandi bibuza "ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko, ibara, ururimi, imyizerere, igitsina, idini, amashyaka ya politiki, imibereho cyangwa ibindi bitekerezo". Ikomeza itangaza ko ubuzima bwera, ikanatangaza ko "kubungabunga ubuzima bwa muntu" ari "inshingano yashyizweho na Shariya". CDHRI iremeza kandi abadafite intambara - nk'abasaza, abagore n'abana, inkomere n'abarwayi, n'imfungwa z'intambara - uburenganzira bwo kurya, aho kuba, no kubona umutekano no kwivuza mu gihe cy'intambara. <ref name="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam at hrlibrary.umn.edu2">{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref><ref name="Midstream">{{Cite news |title=Universal Human Rights and 'Human Rights in Islam' |url=http://www.nationalreview.com/articles/205577/human-rights-and-human-wrongs/david-g-littman |work=Midstream}}</ref> CDHRI iha abagore "icyubahiro cya muntu kimwe", "uburenganzira bwabo bwo kwishimira", "inshingano zo gukora", "umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta", "ubwigenge bw’amafaranga", n "" uburenganzira bwo kugumana izina rye n’umuryango ". Abagabo n'abagore bombi bahabwa "uburenganzira bwo gushyingirwa" batitaye ku bwoko bwabo, ibara ryabo, cyangwa ubwenegihugu. Iri tangazo rituma ababyeyi bombi bagomba kurinda umwana, haba mbere na nyuma yo kuvuka, mu gihe ashimangira ko umugabo afite inshingano zo kurengera imibereho n'imibereho y'umuryango we, harimo abana ndetse n'abagore. <ref name="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam at hrlibrary.umn.edu3">{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> Itangazo ryemera uburenganzira ku mutungo n’ibanga ku bantu ku giti cyabo. <ref name="RuleGreenleaf2010">{{Cite book |last=Rule |first=James B. |date=1 January 2010 |title=Global Privacy Protection: The First Generation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L2I2Lrf1BeYC&pg=PA45 |last2=Greenleaf |first2=G. W. |publisher=Edward Elgar Publishing |isbn=978-1-84844-512-3 |page=45}}</ref> <ref name="Baderin2003">{{Cite book |last=Baderin |first=Mashood A. |date=11 September 2003 |title=International Human Rights and Islamic Law |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RHRCAgAAQBAJ&pg=PP141 |publisher=OUP Oxford |isbn=978-0-19-102182-4 |page=141}}</ref> Ingingo ya 18 (b) ivuga ko "Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo kwiherera mu bikorwa by’ibikorwa bye bwite, mu rugo rwe, mu muryango we, ku bijyanye n’umutungo we n’umubano we. Ntabwo byemewe kuneka maneko, kumukurikirana cyangwa kumutesha izina ryiza. Leta izamurinda kwivanga ku bushake". <ref>{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=https://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/cairodeclaration.html |access-date=2016-04-04 |publisher=[[University of Minnesota]]}}</ref> Irabuza gusenya no kwambura inzu iyo ari yo yose no kwirukana umuryango. <ref name="Baderin2003" /> Byongeye kandi, umuryango uramutse utandukanijwe mugihe, ni inshingano za leta "gutegura gusura cyangwa guhurira mumiryango". <ref name="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam at hrlibrary.umn.edu4">{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> Ingingo ya 10 y’iryo tangazo igira iti: "Islamu ni idini ry’imiterere idahumanye. Birabujijwe gukoresha umuntu uwo ari we wese ku gahato cyangwa gukoresha ubukene bwe cyangwa ubujiji bwe kugira ngo amuhindure mu rindi dini cyangwa kutemera Imana ." Kubera ko muri societe ya kisilamu impamvu zose zituma abantu bava mubuyisilamu bafatwa nk’agahato cyangwa ubujiji, ibi birabuza rwose kuva mu idini ya Islam. <ref name="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam at hrlibrary.umn.edu5">{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> Iri tangazo ririnda buri muntu gufatwa atabishaka, iyicarubozo, gufatwa nabi, cyangwa uburakari. Byongeye kandi, ntamuntu numwe ugomba gukoreshwa mubushakashatsi bwubuvuzi cyangwa siyanse atabanje kubiherwa uruhushya cyangwa ibyago byubuzima bwe cyangwa ubuzima bwe. Irabuza kandi gufata bugwate umuntu uwo ari we wese "ku ntego iyo ari yo yose". Byongeye kandi, CDHRI yemeza ko ari umwere; icyaha kigomba kugaragazwa gusa binyuze mu rubanza "aho [uregwa] azahabwa ingwate zose zo kwiregura". Iri tangazo ribuza kandi gutangaza "amategeko yihutirwa yatanga ubuyobozi bukuru ku bikorwa nk'ibyo". Ingingo ya 19 iteganya ko nta bindi byaha cyangwa ibihano uretse ibivugwa muri shariya. Shariya yemerera igihano cyumubiri (gukubita, gutemwa) nigihano cyo kwicwa no gutera amabuye cyangwa gucibwa umutwe. Uburenganzira bwo gukora imirimo ya <ref>There shall be no crime or punishment except as provided for in the Schari’a.</ref> gukoreshwa gusa hakurikijwe shar<ref>Smith (2003), p. 195</ref>iya Iri tangazo ryibanda kandi ku "burenganzira busesuye bwo kwishyira ukizana no kwishyira ukizana ", no kurwanya ubucakara, gukandamizwa, gukoreshwa, no gukolonizwa. CDHRI itangaza ko kugendera ku mategeko, ishyiraho "uburinganire n'ubutabera kuri bose", hamwe n'imbogamizi ziteganijwe n'amategeko ya kisilamu. CDHRI yizeza kandi abantu bose "uburenganzira bwo kugira uruhare mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye mu micungire y’ibikorwa rusange by’igihugu cye". CDHRI irabuza kandi gukoresha nabi ububasha "bugengwa na Shariya ya Kisilamu." <ref name="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam at hrlibrary.umn.edu6">{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> Ingingo ya 22 (a) y’iri tangazo igira iti: "Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo gutanga igitekerezo cye mu bwisanzure ku buryo butanyuranyije n’amahame ya Shariya." Ingingo ya 22 (b) ivuga ko "Umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo kunganira icyiza, no kwamamaza icyiza, no kuburira icyiza n'ikibi akurikije amahame ya Shariya ya Islamu." Ingingo ya 22 (c) igira iti: "Amakuru ni ngombwa cyane muri sosiyete. Ntishobora gukoreshwa cyangwa gukoreshwa nabi ku buryo ishobora guhungabanya ubutagatifu n’icyubahiro cy’abahanuzi, gutesha agaciro indangagaciro mbwirizamuco cyangwa imyitwarire, gusenya, kwangiza cyangwa kwangiza sosiyete, cyangwa guca intege kwizera kwayo." Iri ni ukubuza mu buryo bweruye umudendezo wo kuvuga icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora gufatwa nk'igitutsi, igihano cyo gukora gishobora kuba urupfu kandi nk'amagambo y'iyi ngingo yemerera igihano cy'urupfu cyo gutukana binyuranyije na UDHR. Ingingo ya 22 (d) ivuga ko "Ntabwo byemewe gukangura urwango rushingiye ku gukunda igihugu cyangwa ku nyigisho cyangwa gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gishobora gukangurira ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose." <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=Zia H. |date=2012-05-27 |title=Universal Declaration of Human Rights and not the Cairo Declaration! |url=https://themuslimtimes.info/2012/05/27/universal-declaration-of-human-rights-and-not-the-cario-declaration/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The Muslim Times |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ibiranga idini === CDHRI ikoresha imvugo yisi yose isa n’itangazo rusange ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu, ryakozwe mu buryo bwa kisilamu. <ref name="Brems2">{{Cite book |last=Brems |first=E |year=2001 |title=Human rights: universality and diversity: Volume 66 of International studies in human rights |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=90-411-1618-4 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=INlkqsHpIFEC&pg=PA241 241–84] |chapter=Islamic Declarations of Human Rights}}</ref> Ijambo ryibanze ahanini ni amagambo y’amadini, kandi umwihariko wa CDHRI urimo imirongo myinshi yerekeza kuri Korowani, shariya, hamwe n’imyemerere y’ubuyisilamu igaragara ku rundi rutonde mpuzamahanga rusa. <ref name="Brems2" /> CDHRI yanzuye mu ngingo ya 24 n'iya 25 ko uburenganzira n'ubwisanzure byose bivugwa bigengwa na shariya ya kisilamu, ari nayo nkomoko y'iryo tangazo. CDHRI itangaza ko idini ry'ukuri ari "ingwate yo kuzamura icyubahiro nk'iki mu nzira igana ku butungane bwa muntu <ref>[http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/cairodeclaration.html Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, Aug. 5, 1990, U.N. GAOR] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603093031/http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/cairodeclaration.html|date=2010-06-03}}, World Conf. on Hum. Rts., 4th Sess., Agenda Item 5, U.N. Doc. A/CONF.157/PC/62/Add.18 (1993)</ref> Ishyira kandi inshingano zo kurengera ubwo burenganzira kuri Umma yose. <ref name="Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam at hrlibrary.umn.edu7">{{Cite web |title=University of Minnesota Human Rights Library |url=http://hrlibrary.umn.edu/instree/cairodeclaration.html |website=hrlibrary.umn.edu}}</ref> === Kunegura === CDHRI yanenzwe kuba yarashyizwe mu bikorwa n’ibihugu byinshi bifite politiki n’imigenzo itandukanye cyane by’amadini bari bafite "inyungu rusange mu kwambura intwaro mpuzamahanga kunenga uburenganzira bwabo mu gihugu." <ref name="Brems3">{{Cite book |last=Brems |first=E |year=2001 |title=Human rights: universality and diversity: Volume 66 of International studies in human rights |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=90-411-1618-4 |pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=INlkqsHpIFEC&pg=PA241 241–84] |chapter=Islamic Declarations of Human Rights}}</ref> Ingingo ya 24 y’iri tangazo igira iti: "Uburenganzira n’ubwisanzure byose biteganijwe muri iri tangazo bigengwa na Shariya ya Kisilamu." Ingingo ya 19 nayo igira iti: "Nta cyaha cyangwa igihano kizabaho keretse ibiteganijwe muri Shariya." <ref name="Farouh2002">{{Cite book |last=Kazemi |first=F |year=2002 |title=Islamic Political Ethics: Civil Society, Pluralism and Conflict |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=0-691-11310-6 |editor-last=Hashmi SH |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5LmXFpnp_bMC&pg=PA50 50] |chapter=Perspectives on Islam and Civil Society}}</ref> CDHRI yanenzwe n’iburengerazuba kuba yarananiwe kwemerera Abayisilamu ubuhakanyi, nk "" uburenganzira bw’ibanze kandi budasuzuguritse ". <ref name="Farouh20022">{{Cite book |last=Kazemi |first=F |year=2002 |title=Islamic Political Ethics: Civil Society, Pluralism and Conflict |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=0-691-11310-6 |editor-last=Hashmi SH |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=5LmXFpnp_bMC&pg=PA50 50] |chapter=Perspectives on Islam and Civil Society}}</ref> Mu itangazo ryanditse ryatanzwe n’umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bantu n’imyitwarire (IHEU), umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta mu rwego rw’ubujyanama bwihariye, Ishyirahamwe ry’uburezi ku isi (AWE) n’ishyirahamwe ry’abaturage ku isi (AWC), hagaragaye impungenge nyinshi zerekana ko CDHRI igabanya uburenganzira bwa muntu, ubwisanzure mu idini, n’ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekerezo. Iri tangazo ryanzuye rivuga ko "Itangazo ry’i Cairo ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu muri Islamu bigaragara ko ari ukugerageza kugabanya uburenganzira buvugwa muri UDHR n’amasezerano mpuzamahanga. Ntabwo bushobora kubonwa ko bwuzuzanya n’Itangazo Mpuzamahanga." <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Cairo Declaration and the Universality of Human Rights |url=http://www.iheu.org/node/3162 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031135736/http://www.iheu.org/node/3162 |archive-date=2008-10-31}}</ref> === 2020 CDHRI === Muri Nzeri 2008, mu kiganiro yagejeje ku Muryango w'Abibumbye, Ikigo cy’iperereza cyanditse ko CDHRI "ibangamira uburinganire bw’abantu n’ubwisanzure mu gutanga ibitekereCDHRI yavuguruwe mu 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Organization of Islamic Cooperation |title=Cairo Declaration of Human Rights in Islam, 2021 |url=https://www.oic-oci.org/upload/pages/conventions/en/CDHRI_2021_ENG.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210713185324/https://www.oic-oci.org/upload/pages/conventions/en/CDHRI_2021_ENG.pdf |archive-date=2021-07-13}}</ref> kandi yemezwa ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 2020 n'Inama y'Abaminisitiri y'Ububanyi n'Amahanga mu nama ya 47 yabereye i Niamey, muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Organization of Islamic Cooperation |date=2020-11-28 |title=Resolution No. 63/47-POL: On Cairo Declaration of the OIC on Human Rights |url=https://www.oic-oci.org/docdown/?docID=6626&refID=3255 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125105643/https://www.oic-oci.org/docdown/?docID=6626&refID=3255 |archive-date=2021-11-25}}</ref> Inyandiko ya 1990 yemeza ko shariya ya kisilamu ari yo soko yonyine, mu gihe verisiyo ya 2020 itabaza shariya.zo n’amadini ishyiraho amategeko abuza uburenganzira bwa muntu hafi ya bwose bushingiye ku mategeko ya Shariya ya Islamu." Ikirego cyabo no kunegura kwabo kwari gushingiye ku kuba barwanya kwinjiza "gusebya amadini" mu mategeko mpuzamahanga n’uburenganzira bwa muntu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2008 |title=CFI Defends Freedom of Expression at the U.N. Human Rights Council |url=http://www.centerforinquiry.net/newsroom/cfi_defends_freedom_of_expression_at_the_un_human_rights_council/}}</ref> Rhona Smith yanditse ko, kubera CDHRI yerekeza kuri Shariya, bisobanura urwego rwihariye rwo hejuru rwabagabo. <ref name="Smith2003">Rhona, Smith. ''Textbook on International Human Rights'', Oxford University Press, 2003, {{ISBN|1-84174-301-1}}, p. 195</ref> === Reba kandi === kjpoz2s89m9ruu6i6e040h2l3unx6iy 0 21127 139319 134971 2026-09-23T07:46:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139319 wikitext text/x-wiki    Planned Parenthood Direct ni porogaramu ya telephone igenewe gutanga serivisi z'ubuzima bw'imyororokere ikoresheje icyitegererezo cyangwa uburyo bwa telehealth. Itangazwa n'ishyirahamwe ryita ku buzima ry'izina rimwe. Planned Parenthood Direct Yatangije serivisi muri 2015, ubwo yatangizaga porogaramu iteganijwe kubyara muri Californiya. Muri kiriya gihe, imikorere ya porogaramu igamije cyane gupima indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina (STD). Ibikoresho byo kwipimisha byoherezwa mu mazu y'abarwayi, hanyuma umurwayi asubiza ibikoresho inyuma, kandi ibisubizo bigezwa k'umurwayi binyuze muri porogaramu. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Aditi Pai |date=June 23, 2015 |title=Planned Parenthood launches app so Californians can order STD tests |url=https://www.mobihealthnews.com/44621/planned-parenthood-launches-app-so-californians-can-order-std-tests |access-date=14 May 2025 |work= |publisher=MobiHealthNews |location=}}</ref> Kugeza muri 2019, Gahunda iteganijwe kubyara yatangaga serivisi muri leta 27 na Washington DC. Serivisi yibanze ku gutanga ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro, no gutanga ubuvuzi bwanduza inkari (UTI). Muri <ref name="BI2019" />, mu rwego rwo gusubiza gahunda za leta zo kugabanya inkunga y’ubuzima ku babyeyi bateganijwe, Gahunda yo Kubyara Directeur yashyizeho gahunda yo kwagura kugera muri leta zose uko ari mirongo itanu. <ref name="BI2019">{{Cite news |last=Clarrie Feinstein |date=Sep 4, 2019 |title=Planned Parenthood is expanding its birth control app to all 50 states in the wake of Trump's massive funding cut |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/planned-parenthood-direct-birth-control-delivery-app-trump-funding-cuts-2019-9 |access-date=14 May 2025 |work= |publisher=Business Insider |location=}}</ref> Muri 2024, Planned Parenthood Direct Yaguye serivisi yaguye kugirango ibone imiti ikuramo imiti ku barwayi bo muri leta zimwe na zimwe. <ref name="NPR1">{{Cite news |last=Kristen Schorsch |date=May 21, 2024 |title=Planned Parenthood offers abortion pills via app to expand access in Illinois |url=https://www.stlpr.org/health-science-environment/2024-05-21/planned-parenthood-offers-abortion-pills-via-app-to-expand-access-in-illinois |access-date=14 May 2025 |work= |publisher=St. Louis National Public Radio |location=}}</ref> Abarwayi basaba ibinini byo gukuramo inda bitangwa kugeza ibyumweru 10 batwite, kandi bisaba ubuvuzi bwateganijwe kubuvuzi ( umuganga cyangwa umuforomo wimenyereza umwuga ) kugirango bandike imiti. Niba byemejwe n'ushinzwe ubuvuzi, imiti yoherezwa murugo rw'umurwayi. Iyi serivisi iraboneka gusa kubarwayi baba muri leta aho gukuramo imiti byemewe. <ref name="NPR1" /> == Serivisi n'ibicuruzwa == Ibicuruzwa byibanze byateganijwe kubabyeyi ni porogaramu za porogaramu zikoresha kuri iPhone, terefone ya Android, PC, na mudasobwa ya Mac, Porogaramu zisangiye izina rimwe na sosiyete, gahunda iteganijwe yo kubyara. <ref name="ppd">{{Cite web |title=Planned Parenthood Direct |url=https://plannedparenthooddirect.org |publisher=Planned Parenthood Direct}}</ref>[https://www.plannedparenthooddirect.org/ ​]​ <ref name="ppd" /> Porogaramu n'urubuga rutanga serivisi z'ubuzima bw'imyororokere hakoreshejwe icyitegererezo cya telehealth, cyemerera abakoresha kubona serivisi z'ubuzima ziva mu rugo, batiriwe basura ibiro bya muganga. Serivisi zitangwa ziratandukanye bitewe na leta, bitewe n'amategeko ya leta. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Jenna Nitkowski |date=March 2023 |title=State-level conditions and telecontraception platform availability |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211883722001290 |journal=Health Policy and Technology |volume=12 |doi=10.1016/j.hlpt.2022.100722 |issn=2211-8837 |url-access=subscription}} </ref> Serivisi ziratandukanye bitewe na leta, ariko zirashobora kubamo uburyo bwo kuringaniza imbyaro byihutirwa, gupima indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro, no gukuramo imiti. <ref name="ppd">{{Cite web |title=Planned Parenthood Direct |url=https://plannedparenthooddirect.org |publisher=Planned Parenthood Direct}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://plannedparenthooddirect.org "Planned Parenthood Direct"]. Planned Parenthood Direct.</cite></ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 82cftgp86xytup3qr97g5xoppw8bdaa 0 21135 139251 135297 2026-09-23T07:31:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139251 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Eriegun1.jpg|right|thumb|Imbunda imeze nk'inkoni ikoreshwa na Brian Douglas Wells]] '''A cane gun''' n'inkoni yo kugendana irimo [[imbunda]] ihishemo. Imbunda za keni rimwe na rimwe zifatwa nk'imbunda zisa na zo zifashishwa nabahigi b'inyamaswa mu buryo bunyuranye n'amategeko. Ubusanzwe akenshi ni verisiyo zoroshye gutwara kandi zoroshye guhisha z'imbunda zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu mikino yo kurasa, cyane cyane imbunda ifite umuyongo umwe cyangwa ibiri, ishingiye ku buryo bwa Leclercq bwakorewe mu Bubiligi butahenze cyane. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Belgian Leclercq folding poacher's gun explained - hlebooks.com |url=https://forums.gunboards.com/showthread.php?394030-The-Belgian-Leclercq-folding-poacher-s-gun-explained-hlebooks-com |access-date=Jan 13, 2020 |website=forums.gunboards.com}}</ref> Hamwe nibi bishushanyo bisa, imbunda ndende igufi ishobora gukorwa kugirango isubire inyuma kugeza iryamye munsi y'ububiko, kugirango itwarwe munsi yikoti. Ubundi buryo ni muburyo bwa pistolet ndende cyane yashizwemo itandukanijwe, rimwe na rimwe bita "kumanura", cyangwa ububiko bwa skeleton, nubwo intwaro iyo ari yo yose ya siporo isaba guterana ifite ibibi bigaragara mu murima. Mu magambo afatika gusa, itandukaniro ni uko imbunda y’ibiti, ihenze cyane kuyibyaza umusaruro, kandi muri rusange, ingaruka, bigaragara ko yatwawe n'abagabo bifuzaga, igihe cyose, kuba bashobora gufata "intego z'amahirwe", bari curio, aho bavugira, cyangwa intwaro yihishe, imwe ishobora guhunga bitamenyekanye keretse iyo usuzumye neza. Usibye inkoni ya nyakubahwa, imbunda nazo zagiye zihishwa mubindi bintu bisanzwe nk'umutaka n'inkoni zo kugenda. Ibinyuranye n'ibyo, imbunda ya ba rushimusi biragaragara ko ari imbunda, nubwo imwe yahishwa mu buryo bworoshye n’abajya mu cyaro mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko, bitwaje imbunda yo guhiga inkono idasanzwe cyangwa kwirwanaho, bitandukanye n’imbunda idashobora kwerekanwa cyane, y’imikino yuzuye, nubwo aba bambuka mu cyiciro cyo kurokoka. Cne guns ubu ni gake cyane kandi kuyibona biragoye kuyibona, kubera ko amategeko menshi arenga ku mategeko abuza gutwara intwaro zihishe, n'ingero z'igihe, aho byemewe, muri rusange, ni mu maboko y'abikorera ku giti cyabo n'inzu ndangamurage. Imbunda ya kijyambere, ubwoko bwa karitsiye isanzwe ishyirwa mu kurasa amakarito manini y’umuvuduko ukabije cyangwa .410 yatwaye ibisasu bigera kuri 12 bipima imbunda, byombi bikwiranye neza nintwaro ifite ingunguru gusa ifite urugereko rwuzuye, gusohora intoki, uburyo bwo kurasa butandukanye, gufata ibyemezo, kandi rimwe na rimwe bikagaragara. Ubundi bwoko bwimbunda zinkoni zakozwe nkintwaro zo mu kirere, <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Collection |url=http://www.beemans.net/collection.htm |access-date=Jan 13, 2020 |website=www.beemans.net}}</ref> muri rusange hakoreshejwe uburyo bumwe na bumwe bwikigega cy’ikirere gishobora gutandukana ( intwaro yo mu kirere ya pneumatike ) mu buryo bwa flask, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fleming |first=R. S. |date=Apr 23, 2014 |title=Kate Tattersall Adventures |url=http://www.katetattersall.com/cane-guns-victorian-concealed-firearms-of-gentlemen-cads/ |access-date=Jan 13, 2020 |website=Kate Tattersall Adventures}}</ref> cyangwa cyinjijwe mu buryo bw’inkoni igereranijwe cyane, nka shillelagh gakondo. Bimwe muburyo bwiza bwo kurasa, byoroshye cyane kwiyoberanya, kuba bike cyane kuruta umuyoboro. Iyi ntwaro yakoreshejwe mu gihe cy'ubujura bwa banki mu rubanza rwa Pizza Bomber. Nk’uko byatangajwe na ATF, imbunda z'inkoni, imbunda z'inkota, n'imbunda z'umutaka zashyizwe mu rwego rwa AOW (izindi ntwaro zose). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Firearms - Guides - Importation & Verification of Firearms - National Firearms Act Definitions - Any Other Weapon {{!}} Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives |url=https://www.atf.gov/firearms/firearms-guides-importation-verification-firearms-national-firearms-act-definitions-any |access-date=2019-12-17 |website=www.atf.gov}}</ref> == Mu bihimbano == Imbunda ya kane ifite umwanya uhoraho mu muco wubutasi; urugero ruzwi rwagaragaye mu gitabo cya Ian Fleming cyo mu 1953 cyitwa ''Casino Royale'', aho James Bond yugarijwe n'umwe mu gihe yarushanwaga ku meza y'imikino na Le Chiffre. Imbunda y'inkoni igaragara no muri tereviziyo yakozwe kuri televiziyo ihuza izina rimwe mu 1954 ndetse no muri filime ya Bond yo mu 1999 ''Isi Ntihagije .'' Kurasa umupira, kurasa-imbere, imbunda yuburyo bwa musketi urashobora kubisanga muri ''Abraham Lincoln: Umuhigi wa Vampire''. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2025)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 69nr7k2y1rh621b70i3hnagcp36tpq9 0 21168 139357 138647 2026-09-23T09:07:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Lang|fr|'''Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris'''|italic=no}} ( , ''National Institute for Deaf Youth of Paris'') is a [[Deaf education|school for the deaf]] founded by [[Charles-Michel de l'Épée]], in stages, between 1750 and 1760 in Paris, France. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Père Vanin rwabaye mu mwaka wa 1759, Abbé de l'Épée yamenyeshejwe abakobwa babiri bafite '''ubumuga''' bwo kutumva bari bakeneye umwigisha mushya. Iri shuri ryatangiye mu mwaka wa 1760 hanyuma nyuma yaho gato rifungurirwa ku mugaragaro maze riba ishuri rya mbere ku isi ku batumva. Ubusanzwe yari iherereye munzu iri kuri 14 rue des Moulins, butte Saint-Roch, hafi ya Louvre i Paris. Ku ya 29 Nyakanga mu mwaka wa 1791, inteko ishinga amategeko y’Ubufaransa yemeje inkunga ya leta muri iryo shuri maze ryitwa: " {{Lang|fr|Institution Nationale des Sourds-Muets à Paris|italic=no}} "." Prosper Menière yari umuganga kuva mu 1838 kugeza apfuye mu mwaka wa 1862. Mu mwaka wa 1861, Menière yagejeje kuri Académie Nationale de Médecine kuri bamwe mu barwayi be bo muri iryo shuri bahuye na vertigo ifitanye isano no kutumva kwabo, bikaba ari byo byashingiweho bivuguruzanya ku gitekerezo cye cy'uko ugutwi kw'imbere ari yo nkomoko ya vertigo. Nyuma y’ubwami bwa Esipanye bukuweho mu mwaka wa 1931, umuryango w’ibwami wa Esipanye wabaga mu buhungiro i Fontainebleau. Infante Jaime, Duke wa Segoviya, umuhungu wa kabiri w'umwami Alfonso XIII, yarangije amashuri ye muri Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris. Duke wa Segoviya yari igipfamatwi afite imyaka 4 biturutse ku kwandura ugutwi imbere akiri umwana. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 June 2020 |title=El tío del Rey Juan Carlos: heredero al trono durante 10 días y muerto en extrañas circunstancias |url=https://www.elmundo.es/loc/casa-real/2020/06/17/5ee8d221fdddff11748b4611.html |access-date=24 September 2024 |work=El Mundo |language=es}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.injs-paris.fr/ Institut National de Jeunes Sourds de Paris (INJS)] 2998o7w9ls5nz5pn9b1jtz4ns2wkkaa 0 21172 139376 135155 2026-09-23T09:09:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139376 wikitext text/x-wiki In sign languages, '''ahantu''', cyangwa '''tab''', bivuga ahantu nyirizina amaboko ziba ziri igihe zikoreshwa mu gukora ibimenyetso. Muri terminologiya ya Stokoe izwi nka TAB, impfunyapfunyo ya ''tabula''. Ikibanza ni kimwe mu bice bitanu, cyangwa ibipimo, by'ikimenyetso, hamwe nigishusho cyamaboko ( DEZ ), icyerekezo ( ORI ), kugenda ( SIG ), nibintu bidasanzwe. Ibisobanuro byihariye byahantu, nk'igituza cyangwa urusengero rw'umutwe, birashobora gufatwa nka foneme. Indimi zitandukanye z'amarenga zirashobora gukoresha ahantu hatandukanye. Muyandi magambo, indimi z'amarenga zitandukanye zishobora kugira ibarura ritandukanye rya fonema. == Ibibanza mu rurimi rw'amarenga rw'abanyamerika == [[Dosiye:Sign_language_interpreter.jpg|right|thumb|240x240px|Umusemuzi w'ururimi rw'amarenga mu gutanga ikiganiro. Ikibanza n'ikiganza kitiganje.]] Ururimi rw'amarenga rw'Abanyamerika rukoresha ahantu 12 ukuyemo amaboko ubwayo: isura yose / umutwe; agahanga cyangwa umusatsi; amaso cyangwa izuru; umunwa cyangwa umunwa; urusengero, umusaya cyangwa ugutwi (uruhande rw'umutwe); ijosi; umutiba (ibitugu kugeza mu kibuno); ukuboko hejuru; inkokora cyangwa ukuboko, inyuma yintoki, imbere imbere. Mubyongeyeho, mu bimenyetso simusiga by'amaboko abiri, ikiganza cyiganje gikorana n'ikiganza kitiganje, hanyuma kikaba nk'ikimenyetso. Ikimenyetso gishobora kandi kuvugwa mu mwanya udafite aho ubogamiye, ufatwa nk'ahantu hatagaragara muri moderi zimwe na zimwe z'ururimi rw'amarenga. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Diane. |first=Brentari |date=1998 |title=A prosodic model of sign language phonology |publisher=MIT Press |isbn=0585078467 |location=Cambridge, Mass. |oclc=43475384}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book |last=Kooij, Els van der |date=2002 |title=Phonological categories in sign language of the Netherlands : the role of phonetic implementation and iconicity |publisher=LOT |isbn=9076864160 |location=Utrecht |oclc=51153759}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ahp7vrfhi1itizfexzid5hre42h2gtz 0 21195 139320 125708 2026-09-23T07:46:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139320 wikitext text/x-wiki   Mu ndimi z'amarenga, '''imvugo''' ni imiterere yihariye y'umubiri hamwe no mu maso bijyana n'amarenga, kandi bikenewe mu gukora amagambo neza. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Elliott |first=EA |last2=Jacobs |first2=AM |date=2013 |title=Facial Expressions, Emotions, and Sign Languages |journal=Frontiers in Psychology |language=English |volume=4 |doi=10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00115 |issn=1664-1078 |pmc=3593340 |pmid=23482994 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Imvugo ni kimwe mu bintu bitanu bigize ikimenyetso, hamwe na handhape ( DEZ ), icyerekezo ( ORI ), [[Location (Sign language)|ahantu]] ( TAB ), no kugenda ( SIG ). Ikintu cy'ingenzi kigaragaza imvugo ni umunwa. Ariko kandi, si ibimenyetso byose bifite imvugo yihariye isanzwe ibiranga. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> 9twgxiqauz6tp123kdbm96p0bou5p4q 0 21284 139481 134850 2026-09-23T09:50:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139481 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alma Woodsey Thomas''' (22 Nzeri 1891 - 24 Gashyantare 1978) yari [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|umuhanzi]] n’umwalimu w’umunyafurika n’umunyamerika yaratuye kandi agakorera i Washington, DC, ubu akaba azwi nk’umunyamerika ukomeye w’umuhazi mubyo gusiga amarangi wo mu kinyejana cya 20. Niwe mugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika akaba n’umunyamerika winjijwe krurtonde rwi [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|cyegeranyo]] cy’ubuhanzi bwo gusiga amarangi gihoraho mubiro bya reta zunze ubumwe bwa amerika buzwi nka white house. Thomas azwi cyane kubera ubuhanga bwe mugukora ibihangano by'amashusho y'amabara, ndetse yatangiye no gukora ibihangano byamashusho adasobanutse ariko arimo ubuhanga, yayakoze nyuma yo kujya mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru cy'imyaka 35 yigisha ibihangano mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Shaw Junior rya Washington. Thomas, usanzwe ufatwa nk'umunyamuryango w’ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya Washington Color school Art ariko ubundi agashyirwa mu majwi na bamwe nkumuhanzi wumuhanga mubyo gukurura amarangamutima y'abantu / cyangwa nkumwirabura wambere ubayeho wabayeho uzi kuvanga amarangi bikurura amarangamutima y'abantu, yabonye impamyabumenyi ye yo kwigisha yakuye muri kaminuza y’akarere ka Columbiya (izwi ku izina rya Miner Normal School icyo gihe). Yabaye uwa mberewabonye impamyabumenyi mu ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Howard, kandi akomeza umubano mwiza niyo kaminuza mu buzima bwe. Yageze ku ntsinzi nkumuhanzi wumugore wumunyafurika n’umunyamerika nubwo amacakubiri n’urwikekwe byariho icyogihe. Thomas yamenyekanye cyane nyma y'urupfu rwe. Igishushanyo cye cyerekanwe mu ngoro ndangamurage no mu byegeranyo kandi byagiye byibandwaho mu bitabo byinshi ndetse n’imurikagurisha ry’umurage wubuhanzi bwo gushushanya. Inzu Ndangamurage y'Abanyamerika ya Smithsonian ikomeza gukusanya ibikorwa bye kwisi hose. Mu 2021, inzu ndangamurage yagurishije ishusho ya Thomas ''Alma's Flower Garden'' mu bucuruzi bwihariye ku madolari 2.8 miliyoni. == Ubuzima n'akazi == === Ubwana, uburezi, n'imyanya yo kwigisha akiri muto. === Alma Thomas yavutse ku ya 22 Nzeri 1891, avukira i Columbus, Jeworujiya, avuka ariwe mukobwa mukuru(ari [[imfura]]) mu bakobwa bane, se yitwa John Harris Thomas, [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]], na Nyina Amelia Cantey Thomas, wari umuhanzi mugushushanya no kudoda imyenda.<sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 16">&#x200A;</span></sup>Nyina na nyirasenge, nyuma baje kwandikwa nk'abarimu ndetse n’abanyeshuri barangije muri Tuskegee .Yagaragaje ubuhanga akiri umwana, nubwo umwuga we wubuhanzi yawutangiye nyuma amaze gukura. Igihe Tomasi yari amaze gukura, yerekanaga ubuhanga bwe mu buhanzi, kandi yishimira gukora uduce duto duto duto nk'ibipupe, ibishushanyo n'amasahani abumbye, cyane cyane mu ibumba ku mugezi wari uri inyuma y'iwabo '''.''' <ref name=":05">{{Cite journal |last=Cherry |first=Schroeder |date=1997 |title=Instructional Resources: Four Works by African-American Artists in the Baltimore Museum of Art's Collection |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_art-education_1997-03_50_2/page/25 |journal=Art Education |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=25–32 |doi=10.2307/3193640 |jstor=3193640}}</ref> Nubwo yari ashishikajwe n’ubuhanzi, Thomas "ntiyari yemerewe" kujya mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi akiri umwana. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sheets |first=Hilarie |date=2016-01-21 |title=Pioneering Painter Alma Thomas Is Making a Comeback 30 Years after Her Last Major Retrospective |url=https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-pioneering-painter-alma-thomas-is-making-a-comeback-over-30-years-since-her-last-major-retrospective |access-date=2020-03-06 |website=Artsy |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Box 1, Folder 1 {{!}} A Finding Aid to the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 {{!}} Digitized Collection {{!}} Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241/series-1/box-1-folder-1 |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=www.aaa.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> Yahawe amasomo yumuziki, kuko nyina yacurangaga inanga. [[Dosiye:Alma_Thomas_Queen_Anne_Victorian.jpg|alt=Queen Anne Victorian|right|thumb|165x165px|Inzu yaho Alma Thomas yabaga akiri umwana i Columbus, Jeworujiya]] Mu 1907, igihe Thomas yari afite imyaka 16, umuryango we wimukiye mu gace ka Logan Circle gaherereye i Washington, DC <ref name="Cotter1">{{Cite news |last=Holland Cotter |date=October 11, 2009 |title=White House Art: Colors From a World of Black and White |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/11/weekinreview/11cotter.html |access-date=July 6, 2011 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Mu gusobanura uko umuryango wimutse, nyuma yaranditse ati: "Ndangije amashuri yisumbuye i Columbus, nta hantu na hamwe nashoboraga gukomereza amashuri yanjye, bityo ababyeyi banjye bahitamo kwimurira umuryango i Washington." : 3 Tomasi yashoboye kandi kubona uko ajya mu masomero y'i Washington, bitandukanye na Columbus. " <ref name="autobio" /> : 3 Ababyeyi be bafashe iki cyemezo nubwo byamanuye umuryango mu mibereho no mubukungu, bituma bava mumubare wabari mucyiciro cya kabiri cy'ubukungu bari bafite bakiba muri Jeworujiya. <ref name="CultureType-Locating">{{Cite web |last=Valentine |first=Victoria |date=14 April 2018 |title=Locating Alma Thomas: Forthcoming Retrospective Will Explore Artist's Creative Life and Hometown Connections |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2018/04/14/locating-alma-thomas-forthcoming-retrospective-will-explore-artists-creative-life-and-hometown-connections/ |access-date=13 December 2020 |website=Culture Type}}</ref> Abandi banditsi bagaragaje ko imvururu z’amoko ya Atlanta n'ubwicanyi bushingiye ku moko bwo mu 1906 ari impamvu zishobora kuba zaratumye bava muri Jeworujiya. [ 3 ] Urundi rugero rw’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku moko umuryango we wahuye naryo muri Jeworujiya, ise wa Alma yahuye n’agatsiko ka lynch mbere gato yuko Alma avuka, umuryango we wavuze ko kutumva kwe kwatewe n'imirwano yagiranye nabari bagize ako gatsiko. <ref name="Post-Late-Springtime">{{Cite news |last=Munro |first=Eleanor |date=15 April 1979 |title=The late Spring time of Alma Thomas (interview) |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/magazine/1979/04/15/the-late-spring-time-of-alma-thomas/f205cbf7-3483-4cc4-8a52-7f5eacda7925/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> Nubwo byari bitandukanye, [[umurwa]] mukuru w’igihugu wari uzwiho guha amahirwe Abirabura benshi kurusha indi mijyi myinshi. <ref name="nmwa.org">{{Cite web |title=Alma Woodsey Thomas |url=https://nmwa.org/explore/artist-profiles/alma-woodsey-thomas |access-date=2019-03-02 |website=National Museum of Women in the Arts}}</ref> Nkuko yabyanditse mu myaka ya za 70, "Nibura amasomero ya Washington yakinguriwe nabanyafrika cyangwa abirabura bari barahawe izina rya Negro, mu gihe Columbus yo yari yarakumiriye abirabura(Negro) mu isomero ryayo." [ 4 ] I Washington, Thomas yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya tekinike rya Armstrong, aho yakuye umwanya wa mbere mu masomo y’ubuhanzi. [ 3 ] Kuri bo, yagize ati "Ninjiye mu cyumba cy'ubuhanzi, byari nko kwinjira mu ijuru ... Ishuri ryisumbuye rya Armstrong ryashizeho urufatiro rw'ubuzima bwanjye." <ref name="Post-Late-Springtime" /> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, yari umuhanga mu mibare na siyansi, kandi ubwubatsi bwibihangano bwaramushishikazaga cyane. Ibikorwa bye by'ubuhanzi <ref name=":05"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alma Woodsey Thomas |url=https://www.infinite-women.com/women/alma-woodsey-thomas/ |access-date=2025-02-21 |website=Infinite Women |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Post-Late-Springtime" /> yakoreye i Armstrong byerekanwe muri Smithsonian mu 1912. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye ya Armstrong " : 4 mu 1911, yize amashuri yakaminuza mu ishuri risanzwe rya Miner (ubu rizwi nka kaminuza y'akarere ka Columbiya ), ahabwa impamyabumenyi yo kwigisha mu 1913. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 19">&#x3A;&#x200A;19&#x200A;</span></sup>Mu 1914, yabonye umwanya wo kwigisha mu mashuri ya Princess Anne ku nkombe y'Iburasirazuba bwa Maryland, aho yigishije amezi ane. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 19">&#x3A;&#x200A;19&#x200A;</span></sup>Mu 1915, yatangiye kwigisha mw'ishuri ryari mu nzu ya Thomas Garrett i Wilmington, muri Delaware, kugeza mu 1921. [ 3 ] Thomas yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Howard mu 1921, afite imyaka 30, yinjirira ku masomo yibanze kubera amahugurwa yabanjemo y'abarimu. Yatangiye ari umunyeshuri wiga ibijyanye n'ubukungu bwurugo, ateganya kuba inzobere mu gushushanya imyambarire, gusa nyuma aza guhindura ajya mu buhanzi bwubwiza. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 19-20">&#x3A;&#x200A;19-20&#x200A;</span></sup>Ubuhanzi bwe yibanze kuri Howard bwari ku gishushanyo; Romare Bearden na Henry Henderson bavuze ko amashusho yakoze mu gihe cyo kwiga kaminuza ari "amasomo kandi atamenyekanye." [ 13 ] Yabonye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science mu buhanzi Bwiza mu 1924 yakuye muri Howard, abaye umunyeshuri wa mbere muri gahunda y’ubugeni bwa kaminuza. Hasabwe ko hashobora kuba umugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika-Umunyamerika cyangwa Umunyamerika wabonye impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi, [ 3 ] <ref name="Morrison">{{Cite web |last=Morrison |first=Keith Anthony |title=Art in Washington and Its Afro-American Presence: 1940-1970 |url=http://keithmorrison.com/?page_id=1228 |access-date=12 December 2020 |website=keithmorrison.com}}</ref> icyakora Mary Jane Patterson yakiriye impamyabumenyi ye, mu 1862, hashize imyaka 60 mbere. In 1924, Thomas began teaching art at Shaw Junior High School, a Black school in the then-segregated public schools of Washington, D.C., where she worked until her retirement in 1960; she wrote, "I was there for thirty-five years and occupied the same classroom."[4]: 13  She taught alongside fellow artist Malkia Roberts.<ref name=":34">{{Cite book |last=Thomas |first=Alma |date=1998 |title=Alma W. Thomas: A Retrospective of the Paintings |url=https://archive.org/details/almawthomasretro00thom |last2=Fort Wayne Museum of Art |publisher=Pomegranate |isbn=9780764906862 |language=en |url-access=registration}}</ref>: 43  While at Shaw Junior High, she started a community arts program that encouraged student appreciation of fine art. The program supported marionette performances and the distribution of student designed holiday cards which were given to soldiers at the Tuskegee Veterans Administration Medical Center. Also, according to her reminiscences, "At Shaw, I organized the first art gallery in the D.C. public schools in 1938, securing paintings by outstanding Negro artists from the Howard Gallery of Art."[3]: 23 [4]: 4  Imyaka mirongo itatu nigice y’umwuga wa Tomasi wigisha, kuva 1924 kugeza 1960, bavuzwe na Thurlow Tibbs, umucuruzi w’ubuhanzi w’umunyafurika n’umunyamerika DC (n’umwuzukuru w’inshuti ya Tomasi Lillian Evans, umuririmbyi wa opera) nk '"igihe cyo gusembura;" [ 3 ] muri bo yakuyemo ibitekerezo byinshi ningaruka, hanyuma nyuma ya 1960 ahereye kuri ibyo bitekerezo n'ingaruka azarema ibihangano bye byihariye. Mu gihe yigishaga muri Shaw Junior High, Thomas yakomeje gukurikirana ibihangano bye, amashuri ye asanzwe kandi adasanzwe, ndetse n’ibikorwa yakoranye n’umuryango w’ubuhanzi wa Washington, DC, aba nyuma bakunze kubikora mu buryo bujyanye na kaminuza ya Howard. Muri kiriya gihe, Thomas yashushanyije, cyane cyane mu mazi; mu gihe injyana ye mu myaka ya za 1930 yari ikiri "gakondo gakondo" kandi karemano, yiswe "amabara meza cyane." [ 13 ] Mu mpeshyi, yajyaga mu mujyi wa New York gusura ingoro ndangamurage z'ubuhanzi, harimo inzu ndangamurage ya Metropolitan, hamwe na galeries. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 448">&#x3A;&#x200A;448&#x200A;</span></sup> Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1930 kugeza 1934, yize muri kaminuza y’abarimu ya kaminuza ya Columbia, abona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n’ubuhanzi mu 1934; ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanze ku bishushanyo, maze yandika [[igitabo]] cye ku ikoreshwa rya marionettes. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 11,23">&#x3A;&#x200A;11,23&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name="Post-Late-Springtime"/> <ref name=":05"/> [ 13 ] Mu ci ryo mu 1935, yize marionettes mu mujyi wa New York hamwe n’umupupe w’umudage w’umudage n’umunyamerika Tony Sarg, se w’ibikinisho bigezweho muri Amerika. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 23">&#x3A;&#x200A;23&#x200A;</span></sup> Mu 1936, yashinze umuryango witwa umushinga w’ishuri ry’ubuhanzi, kugira ngo uzane abana amahirwe y’ubuhanzi. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 22">&#x3A;&#x200A;22&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name=":05"/> <ref name=":12">{{Cite journal |last=Simpson |first=Pamela H. |last2=Kainen |first2=Jacob |last3=Gibson |first3=Ann |last4=Binstock |first4=Jonathan P. |last5=Tsujimoto |first5=Karen |last6=Baas |first6=Jacquelynn |year=2000 |title=Alma W. Thomas, A Retrospective of the Paintings |journal=Woman's Art Journal |language=en-US |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=55–56 |doi=10.2307/1358876 |jstor=1358876}}</ref> [ 4 ] Mu 1943, Thomas yafashije James W. Herring, wahoze ari umwarimu muri Howard, na Alonzo J. Aden babonye ububiko bwa Barnett-Aden, ububiko bwa mbere bw’abirabura bwigenga bw’abirabura muri Amerika. : 2 Yabaye visi perezida mukuru. Kuba Thomas yarafatanije n’Ingoro ya Barnett-Aden byasobanuwe ko ari "ingenzi kuri" kandi, nk'uko byatangajwe n’umuyobozi ushinzwe amasomo, Adelyn Dohme Breeskin, iterambere rya "pivotal" mu iterambere rye nk’umuhanzi wabigize umwuga. "Byamuteye guhura n’abahanzi bakomeye bo mu gihugu cya none," byatumye arushaho kumenya ibijyanye n’ubuhanzi n’icyerekezo, "kandi bituma abahanzi [ " bamurwanya kandi bamutera imbaraga. [ 13 ] <ref name="NGA-event">{{Cite web |last=Valentine |first=Victoria |date=April 2, 2017 |title=Art Capital: Nearly 500 Gather at National Gallery of Art to Discuss African American Art in 20th Century Washington |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2017/04/02/art-capital-nearly-500-gather-at-national-gallery-of-art-to-discuss-african-american-art-in-20th-century-washington/ |access-date=8 December 2020 |website=Culture Type}}</ref> Mu myaka ya za 1940, Thomas yinjiye kandi mu muryango w’abahanzi ba Lois Mailou Jones, "Itsinda Rito rya [[Paris]] (cyangwa" Itsinda Rito rya Paris, "cyangwa" Itsinda rya Studio rya Paris ") Iri tsinda ry’abahanzi ba Black Washington ryashinzwe na Jones na Céline Marie Tabary, abahanzi ndetse n’abanyamuryango b’ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Howard (Jones kuva 1930 kugeza 1977, na Tabary guhera mu <ref name="MessyNessy" /> ). <ref name="MessyNessy" /> "mu mpera za 1940," [ 3 ] 1945, 1946, <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 16, 2020 |title=Longtime Home of Artist Alma Thomas For Sale in Washington, D.C., for $2.2 Million+ |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2020/05/16/longtime-home-of-artist-alma-thomas-for-sale-in-washington-d-c-for-2-2-million/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Culture Type}}</ref> cyangwa 1948. <ref name="Callaloo">{{Cite journal |last=Rowell |first=Charles Henry |date=2016 |title=Two Galleries, Engaging Art, Great Talents, and Challenging Minds: The Howard University Gallery of Art, the Little Paris Group, and the Barnett-Aden Gallery |journal=Callaloo |volume=39 |issue=5 |pages=1163–1167 |doi=10.1353/cal.2016.0150 |s2cid=165243253 |id={{Project MUSE|698955}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles></ref> Yateranye haba buri cyumweru <ref name="Pierce-Little-Paris">{{Cite web |date=3 July 2013 |title=Delilah W. Pierce Among Alma Thomas' Little Paris Group, 1948 |url=https://delilahwpierce.com/2013/07/03/delilah-w-pierce-among-alma-thomas-little-paris-group-1948/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Delilah W. Pierce |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Bygone-Brookland" /> cyangwa kabiri mu cyumweru, [ 3 ] <ref name="MessyNessy">{{Cite web |date=4 June 2020 |title=The "Other" Lost Generation of Black American Artists in Paris |url=https://www.messynessychic.com/2020/06/04/the-other-lost-generation-of-black-american-artists-in-paris/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Messy Nessy Chic}}</ref> muri studio ya Jones, "Sitidiyo Nto ya Paris," mu rugo rwe kuri 1220 Quincy Street NE, mu gace ka Washington ka Brookland. Yabayeho <ref name="Bygone-Brookland">{{Cite web |last=Malesky |first=Robert |title=PORTRAITS: Loïs Mailou Jones and the Little Paris Studio |url=http://bygonebrookland.com/portraits-lois-mailou-jones.html |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Bygone Brookland |archive-date=8 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108060156/http://bygonebrookland.com/portraits-lois-mailou-jones.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> . [ 3 ] Yahaye abahanzi bateye imbere amahirwe yo gushushanya kuri moderi, <ref name="Hyperallergic" /> kunoza ubuhanga bwabo - "guteza imbere ubuhanga nuburyo," <ref name="Pierce-Little-Paris" /> na "gutezimbere ubuhanga bwabo no kungurana ibitekerezo" <ref name="MessyNessy" />, kimwe na salon, cyangwa ihuriro ryibiganiro - "kuvuga kubyagezweho mubuhanzi bugezweho, cyane cyane ko byari bishingiye i Paris." <ref name="Hyperallergic">{{Cite web |last=Yau |first=John |date=14 August 2016 |title=Under No Obligation |url=https://hyperallergic.com/317208/alma-thomas-studio-museum-harlem/ |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Hyperallergic}}</ref> Abandi bagize iryo tsinda usibye Jones na Tabary barimo Delilah Pierce na Thomas, ndetse na Bruce Brown, Ruth Brown, Richard Dempsey, Barbara Linger, Don Roberts, Desdemona Wade, Frank West, na Elizabeth Williamson. <ref name="Little-Paris-photo-1" /> <ref name="MessyNessy" /> Ifoto, yo mu bubiko bwa Thomas, y’iteraniro ry’itsinda ryo mu 1948 ryerekana abahanzi cumi na batatu n’umunyamideli w’umugabo. <ref name="Little-Paris-photo-1">{{Cite web |title=Little Paris Group in Lois Jones' studio |url=https://www.si.edu/object/little-paris-group-lois-jones-studio:AAADCD_item_7393 |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Smithsonian Institution |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Little-Paris-photo-2">{{Cite web |title=Little Paris Group in Lois Jones' studio, 1948, from the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/items/detail/little-paris-group-lois-jones-studio-7393 |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=Archives of American Art, Smithsonian |language=en}}</ref> Mu 1958, Thomas yasuye ibigo by’ubuhanzi byo mu Burayi bw’iburengerazuba hamwe n’abanyeshuri ba kaminuza ya Temple mu ruzinduko runini rwateguwe n’iryo shuri ry’ubuhanzi rya Tyler. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 25">&#x3A;&#x200A;25&#x200A;</span></sup>[ 13 ] Uruhare rwe mu itsinda rito rya Paris bivugwa ko rwashishikarije Thomas gushaka andi masomo muri kaminuza ya Amerika. Igitabo kimwe kivuga ko mu ntangiriro ya za 1950, "ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya AU ryafatwaga mu bice byinshi nk 'ishami ry’ubuhanzi rya avant-garde mu gihugu." <ref name="But-Men">{{Cite web |title=Thursday, February 11, 2016 |url=https://beingbutmen.blogspot.com/2016/02/who-are-these-men-they-changed.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200128093640/http://beingbutmen.blogspot.com/2016/02/who-are-these-men-they-changed.html |archive-date=January 28, 2020 |access-date=8 December 2020 |website=Being But Men, We Walked Into the Trees |language=en}}</ref> Kubera iyo mpamvu, mu 1950, afite imyaka 59, yatangiye imyaka icumi yiga muri iyo kaminuza, yiga amasomo nijoro na wikendi, yiga ubuhanzi, <ref name="SAAM">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas |url=https://americanart.si.edu/artist/alma-thomas-4778 |access-date=2019-11-12 |website=Smithsonian American Art Museum |language=en-US}}</ref> harimo amateka yubuhanzi no gushushanya. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 449">&#x3A;&#x200A;449&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name="NMWA-Blog">{{Cite web |date=14 October 2009 |title=Artist Spotlight: Alma Thomas |url=https://nmwa.org/blog/artist-spotlight-alma-thomas/ |access-date=17 December 2020 |website=National Museum of Women in the Arts - Broad Strokes Blog}}</ref> Muri kaminuza y'Abanyamerika yize gushushanya hamwe na Robert Franklin Gates na Ben "Joe" Summerford. Ariko Jacob Kainen yari umwarimu we ukomeye cyane, kandi yari kuba inshuti magara ubuzima bwe bwose. Igihe Thomas yigana na Kainen mu gatasi 1957, yamufata nk'umuhanzi mugenzi we aho kuba umunyeshuri. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 11">&#x3A;&#x200A;11&#x200A;</span></sup>Kainen yari yarahuye na Thomas mu 1934, mu nzu mberabyombi ya Barnet-Aden, maze mu 1957, yemera gutangira kwigisha icyiciro cya AU cy’umwaka wose cy’abanyeshuri batandatu batoranijwe bashushanyije, barimo na Thomas, ariko ubuyobozi bwemerera abanyeshuri 32, benshi muri bo bakaba batangiye, kwiga ishuri maze Kainen areka gucika intege nyuma ya manda imwe. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 30">&#x3A;&#x200A;30&#x200A;</span></sup> Igihe Thomas yatangiraga amasomo ye yisumbuye muri kaminuza y'Abanyamerika mu 1950, yari akiri amarangi y'ikigereranyo. Mu myaka ya za 1950, uburyo bwe bwahindutse muburyo butandukanye, kuva gushushanya kwishusho kugeza kubisimu no kwerekana imvugo idasobanutse, hamwe n "" urwibutso ", amashusho yijimye ahanini yambaye amajwi yubururu nubururu, atangira kwakira amabara meza yakoreshaga nyuma muburyo bwe bwo gusinya. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 25, 30-31">&#x3A;&#x200A;25, 30-31&#x200A;</span></sup> === Umwuga w'ubuhanzi === <blockquote>" ''Ubuhanzi bwo guhanga ni ubw'igihe cyose bityo bukaba butigenga ku gihe. Ni mu myaka yose, mu bihugu byose, kandi niba bivuze ko dushaka kuvuga umwuka wo guhanga umuntu ukora ishusho cyangwa igishusho uhuriweho n'isi yose y’umuco, utitaye ku myaka, ubwoko ndetse n'ubwenegihugu; aya magambo ashobora guhagarara nta nkomyi.'' " -Alma Thomas, 1970 </blockquote>Mu 1960, Thomas yavuye mu kwigisha maze aba umuhanzi wigihe cyose wabigize umwuga afite imyaka 68 cyangwa 69. Mu myaka ya za 1960, yatangiye gukora amashusho y’amabara, ahumekewe nakazi k’ishuri rya New York na Abstract Expressionism. Thomas yari azwiho gukorera muri sitidiyo y'urugo (icyumba gito cyo kubamo), akora ibishushanyo bye "asunika canvas ku bibero bye kandi abinganya na sofa." <ref name=":05"/> Yakoraga mu gikoni mu nzu ye, ahimba imirimo nka ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'' (1963), manipulation ya Cutis ya Matisse ''The Snail'', <ref name="Gopnik">{{Cite news |last=Blake Gopnik |date=November 5, 2009 |title=Alma Thomas's "Watusi (Hard Edge)" Won't Hang in White House |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/04/AR2009110405053.html |access-date=July 6, 2011 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> aho Thomas yahinduye imiterere ahindura amabara Matisse yakoresheje, maze ayita indirimbo ya Chubby Checker. <ref name="Cotter1"/> Mu buryo butandukanye n’abandi banyeshuri benshi bo mu ishuri ry’amabara rya Washington, ntabwo yakoresheje kaseti kugira ngo agaragaze imiterere y’amashusho ye. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 451">&#x3A;&#x200A;451&#x200A;</span></sup>Ubuhanga bwe bwarimo gushushanya imirongo yamakaramu yoroheje hejuru ya canvas kugirango akore imiterere nishusho, no kuzuza amarangi irangi nyuma. Imirongo yikaramu ye igaragara mubice byinshi yarangije, ntabwo yabisibye. <ref name=":05"/> Ibikorwa bya Tomasi nyuma yizabukuru byari byibanze cyane kubitekerezo byamabara. <ref name=":05"/> Ibikorwa bye muri kiriya gihe byumvikanaga n’ibya Vasily Kandinsky (wari ushishikajwe n’ubushobozi bw’amarangamutima y’amabara) ndetse n’i Washington Color Field Painters, "ikintu cyamushimishije abamunenga ... ariko nanone cyibajije ibibazo byerekeranye n '" umwirabura "mu gihe abahanzi bato bo muri Afurika n’Abanyamerika bakoraga ibikorwa byo kwigaragambya bishingiye ku moko." <ref name=":22">{{Cite journal |date=2000 |title=Reviewed Works: Alma W. Thomas, a Retrospective of the Paintings |journal=Woman's Art Journal |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=55–56 |doi=10.2307/1358116 |jstor=1358116}}</ref> Yavuze ati: "Gukoresha ibara mu mashusho yanjye ni iby'ingenzi kuri njye. Nkoresheje ibara nagerageje kwibanda ku bwiza n'ibyishimo mu gishushanyo cyanjye aho kwibanda ku buntu bwa muntu ku muntu." [ 4 ] Yongeye kuvuga ku bijyanye no gukoresha ibara yagize ati: "Ibara ni ubuzima, kandi umucyo ni nyina w'amabara." <ref name="artic">{{Cite web |year=1972 |title=Starry Night and the Astronauts |url=https://www.artic.edu/artworks/129884/starry-night-and-the-astronauts |website=The Art Institute of Chicago}}</ref> [[File:March_on_Washington_Alma_Thomas_1964.jpg|right|thumb|''Werurwe i Washington'' (1964) mu Ngoro y’ubuhanzi mu 2022]] [[File:Pansies_in_Washington,_1969,_Alma_Thomas.jpg|right|thumb|''Pansies i Washington'' (1969) mu Ngoro yigihugu yubuhanzi muri 2022]] Imurikagurisha rye rya mbere ryasubiye mu 1966 (24 Mata - 17 Gicurasi) mu Ngoro y’ubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya Howard, ryateguwe n’amateka y’ubuhanzi James A. Porter. Harimo imirimo 34 kuva 1959 kugeza 1966. Kuri iri murika, yakoze ''ibishushanyo mbonera by’isi'', uruhererekane rw’ibikorwa byahumetswe na kamere, harimo ''izuka'' (1966), <ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |title=Box 2, Folder 43 {{!}} A Finding Aid to the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 {{!}} Digitized Collection |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241/series-4/box-2-folder-43 |access-date=2020-02-22 |website=www.aaa.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> mu mwaka wa 2014 bikaba byari kugurwa mu cyegeranyo cya [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title="Resurrection" by Alma Thomas |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/resurrection-by-alma-thomas |access-date=2020-02-22 |website=WHHA (en-US) |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="CT">{{Cite news |last=Valentine |first=Victoria |date=17 April 2015 |title=Alma Thomas is Given Pride of Place at the White House |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2015/04/17/alma-thomas-is-given-pride-of-place-at-the-white-house/ |access-date=30 August 2019 |work=Culture Type}}</ref> Niwe mugore wa mbere w’umunyafurika-Umunyamerika winjijwe mu cyegeranyo cy’ubuhanzi gihoraho cya [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]]. Tomasi n'umuhanzi Delilah Pierce, inshuti, bari gutwara imodoka mu cyaro aho Tomasi yashakishaga imbaraga, akuramo ibitekerezo ku ngaruka z'umucyo n'ikirere ku bidukikije. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Kugira ngo duhangane n'ikibazo cyatewe na Howard show, nk'uko Romare Bearden na Henry Henderson babitangaza, uburyo bwe bwongeye guhinduka, mu buryo bw'ingenzi: "Tomasi yahinduye uburyo bwihariye ubu buzwi nk'umukono we - ukina ibara rirwanya ibara kandi hejuru y'ibara rifite ishusho ntoya, idasanzwe y'urukiramende rufite ibara ryinshi, akenshi rifite ibara ryinshi." [ 13 ] Iri murika ryakiriwe neza na Helen Hoffman mu kinyamakuru Washington Post cyo ku ya 4 Gicurasi 1966, cyiswe "ibara ryerekana amabara ryerekana umwuka we". <ref name="auto1"/> Ahumekewe n'ukwezi kugwa mu 1969, Alma Thomas yatangiye insanganyamatsiko ye ya kabiri y'ingenzi yo gushushanya. Urukurikirane ''Umwanya, Snoopy'' ''nisi'' byashyizwe mubikorwa pointillism. Yabyukije umwuka muburyo butandukanye cyane bwamabara nuburyo bwa mozayike, akoresha ubururu bwijimye bwijimye bwijimye kandi bwijimye bwa orange, agaragaza abstraction nubwiza butunguranye akoresheje ibara. Ibikorwa byinshi muriki ruhererekane bifite uruziga, rutambitse, na vertical verisiyo. Ibishushanyo birashobora kubyara ibyiyumvo byo kureremba. Ibishushanyo nabyo bitanga ingufu muri canvas. Itandukaniro ryamabara ritera ibara rikomeye, kandi rigumana imbaraga ziboneka. <ref name="SAAM"/> [[File:Earth_Sermon_-_Beauty,_Love_and_Peace,_1971,_Alma_Thomas.jpeg|right|thumb|''Inyigisho y'isi - Ubwiza, Urukundo n'amahoro'' (1971) mu nzu ndangamurage ya Hirshhorn n'ubusitani bw'ibishushanyo mu 2022]] Hagati ya 1967 na 1975, Thomas yahawe ibihembo byinshi n’ishimwe mu mashyirahamwe atandukanye y’ubuhanzi n’ingoro ndangamurage z’Abanyamerika. Mu 1967, Thomas yatsindiye icyubahiro mu imurikagurisha ry’umuryango w’abanyamerika bo muri Otirishiya hamwe n’ishusho ye ''The Viennese Waltzes,'' nyuma mu 1972, afite imyaka 81, Thomas ni we mugore wa mbere w’umunyamerika w’umunyamerika wagize imurikagurisha wenyine mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Whitney. Nyuma yaho muri uwo mwaka, imurikagurisha rinini cyane ryabereye mu ngoro y’ubuhanzi ya Corcoran. <ref name="Bearden">{{Cite book |last=Bearden |first=Romare |date=1993 |title=A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to the Present |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofafrican00bear |last2=Henderson |first2=Henry |publisher=Pantheon Books |isbn=9780394570167 |location=New York}}</ref> : 452 Thomas yahakanye ibirango bamushyizeho nk'umuhanzi kandi ntiyemera inzitizi zose zibuza ibikorwa bye byo guhanga no gukora umwuga w'ubuhanzi, harimo n'irangamuntu ye nk'umwirabura. <ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Ian Berry, Lauren Haynes. |year=2016 |title=Alma Thomas |publisher=Prestel |isbn=978-3791355719}}</ref> Yizeraga ko icy'ingenzi kuri we ari ugukomeza guhanga icyerekezo cye binyuze mu bihangano bye ndetse no mu isi y’ubuhanzi nubwo amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko. <ref>{{Cite book |last=K Harrisburg |first=Halley |year=1966 |title=African-American art : 20th century masterworks, III : [exhibition] |publisher=Michael Rosenfeld Gallery |location=New York, NY}}</ref> Thomas yari akivangura nkumuhanzi wigitsina gore wumwirabura kandi yanenzwe muburyo bwe budafatika butandukanye nabandi Banyamerika b'Abirabura bakoranye ibishushanyo n’ibimenyetso mu kurwanya igitugu. Ibikorwa bye byagaragaye hamwe nabandi bahanzi benshi b'Abanyafurika-Abanyamerika muri za galeries no kwerekana, nk'ububiko bwa mbere bufite abirabura mu Karere ka Columbiya. <ref name=":0" /> [[File:Alma_Thomas_at_Whitney.jpg|left|thumb|Thomas mu gufungura imurikagurisha rye wenyine mu nzu ndangamurage ya Whitney mu 1972]] Nyuma yo kwerekana muri Whitney, icyamamare cya Thomas mu muryango w’ubukorikori cyiza cyane. Kuba yaramenyekanye vuba aha byatewe ahanini na Robert Doty amushyigikiye mu majwi, kuko yateguye igitaramo cya Thomas's Whitney mu rwego rwo kwerekana imurikagurisha ry’abahanzi bo muri Afurika n’Abanyamerika, rigamije kwamagana ko badahagarariwe. <ref name=":22"/> Abanenga New York bashimishijwe nuburyo bwa kijyambere bwa Thomas, cyane cyane ko yari umukecuru wimyaka 80 mugihe yatangiraga igihugu. Ikinyamakuru New York Times cyasuzumye imurikagurisha rye inshuro enye, yita amashusho ye "gukuramo impuguke, tachiste mu buryo, nta makemwa mu gukoresha amabara <ref name=":22" /> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mellow |first=James R. |date=29 April 1972 |title=Expert Abstractions by Alma Thomas |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/29/archives/expert-abstractions-by-alma-thomas.html |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Abazungu benshi bamunegura bamushimye nk "" Ikimenyetso cyabashushanyijeho amabara "kandi nk" "impano, abstractioniste ebullient". Filozofiya ya Alma Thomas yubuhanzi bwe nuko ibikorwa bye byuzuye imbaraga, kandi izo mbaraga ntizishobora gusenywa cyangwa kuremwa. <ref name="Greenwood Press">{{Cite book |date=1999 |title=Women artists of color : a bio-critical sourcebook to 20th century artists in the Americas |url=https://archive.org/details/womenartistsofco00farr |publisher=Greenwood Press |others=Farris, Phoebe, 1952- |isbn=0313303746 |location=Westport, Conn. |oclc=40193578 |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ushinzwe gutunganya ibihangano bya New York akaba n'umwanditsi witwa Thomas B. Hess yaguze ishusho ya Tomasi yo mu 1972 ishushanya ''Red Roses Sonata'', maze mu 1976 umusingi w’umuryango we uha iki gitabo inzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Metropolitan. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 34">&#x3A;&#x200A;34&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name=":12"/> ] <ref name="Met-Roses">{{Cite web |title=Red Roses Sonata |url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/632918 |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=www.metmuseum.org}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joshua Taylor letter to Alma Thomas, 1975 March 3, from the Alma Thomas papers, circa 1894-2001 |url=https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/items/detail/joshua-taylor-letter-to-alma-thomas-18478 |access-date=2019-04-04 |website=www.aaa.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Smithsonian-Taylor">{{Cite web |date=1 January 1970 |title=Joshua C. Taylor Becomes Director of NCFA |url=https://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_1035 |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Smithsonian Institution Archives |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Reed-Taylor">{{Cite web |title=In Memoriam: Joshua C. Taylor '39 |url=https://www.reed.edu/reed-magazine/in-memoriam/obituaries/_online_only/joshua-taylor-1939.html |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Reed Magazine |language=en-us}}</ref> Mary Beth Edelson ' <nowiki><i id="mwAqo">Bamwe mu bahanzi b'Abanyamerika bazima / Ifunguro Ryera</i></nowiki> (1972) bakiriye ''Ifunguro Ryera'' rya Leonardo da Vinci, hamwe n'abayobozi b'abahanzi b'[[Umugore|abagore]] bazwi bahurira hejuru y'imitwe ya Kristo n'intumwa ze; Alma Thomas yari muri abo bahanzi b'abagore bazwi. Iyi shusho, ivuga ku ruhare rw’amadini n’ubuhanzi amashusho y’amateka mu kugandukira abagore, yabaye "imwe mu mashusho agaragara y’ubuhanzi bw’umugore ." <ref name="Frost Art Museum">{{Cite web |title=Mary Beth Edelson |url=http://drawingproject.frostartmuseum.org/mary-beth-edelson/ |access-date=11 January 2014 |website=The Frost Art Museum Drawing Project}}</ref> <ref name="Clara - Edelson">{{Cite web |title=Mary Beth Adelson |url=http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=1321 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110213429/http://clara.nmwa.org/index.php?g=entity_detail&entity_id=1321 |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |access-date=10 January 2014 |website=Clara - Database of Women Artists |publisher=National Museum of Women in the Arts |location=Washington, D.C.}}</ref> === Ubuzima bwite === Thomas yabwiye ''New York Times'' mu 1977 ko "atigeze arongora umugabo ariko ibihangano byanjye. Ni uwuhe mugabo wigeze ashima ibyo nashakaga?" <ref name="NYT-77-whitney">{{Cite news |last=Shirey |first=David L. |date=4 May 1972 |title=At 77, She's Made It to the Whitney |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/04/archives/at-77-shes-made-it-to-the-whitney.html |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=The New York Times}}</ref> Yanditse ati: "Kera byavuzwe, ntupfe kugira" Miss "ku ibuye ryawe. Ndumva nishimiye cyane kuba narakomeje Miss wanjye. Ndavuga ko Miss uhagaze kuri Jackasses zose nabuze mu buzima." [ 4 ] Yongeyeho ati: "Umugabo mwiza ni umunezero, ariko ku bw'Imana ntukagwe na Jackass." [ 4 ] Yagize ubuzima busanzwe, hamwe ninshuti nyinshi zabahanzi. <ref name="NYT-77-whitney" /> "Ntakunze kubura" inzu ndangamurage cyangwa imurikagurisha rifungura i Washington. [ 13 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 447">&#x3A;&#x200A;447&#x200A;</span></sup> Thomas yabaga mu nzu imwe i Washington, ku muhanda wa 1530, 15, NW, ubuzima bwe bwose, kuva mu 1907 igihe umuryango we wimukiye muri Jeworujiya kugira ngo ashobore kwiga amashuri yisumbuye kugeza apfuye mu 1978 (usibye imyaka mike yari afite mu myaka 20 yakoraga ahandi). Murumuna we John Maurice Thomas, uzwi ku izina rya se kandi yari afite umwuga wo kuba isomero muri kaminuza ya Howard, yasangiye inzu na we. [ 4 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 7">&#x3A;&#x200A;7&#x200A;</span></sup><ref name="WP-obit">{{Cite news |last=Richard |first=Paul |date=25 February 1978 |title=Alma Thomas, 86, Dies |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1978/02/25/alma-thomas-86-dies/a2e629d0-58e6-4834-a18d-6071b137f973/ |access-date=12 December 2020 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=25 Mar 2004 |title=Obituaries: John Maurice Thomas |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2004/03/25/obituaries/92ddcdeb-a896-4e2d-9a16-cf2819a28f62/ |access-date=4 September 2021 |work=Washington Post}}</ref> Urwo rugo, ubu ruzwi ku izina rya Alma Thomas Inzu, rwubatswe ahagana mu 1875 kandi rushyirwa ku gitabo cy’igihugu cy’ahantu ndangamateka. Ku ya 26 Gicurasi 2025, Umuhanda <ref>{{Cite web |last=Valentine |first=Valerie L. |date=May 16, 2020 |title=Longtime Home of Artist Alma Thomas For Sale in Washington, D.C., for $2.2 Million+ |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2020/05/16/longtime-home-of-artist-alma-thomas-for-sale-in-washington-d-c-for-2-2-million/ |access-date=4 September 2021 |website=Cultural Type}}</ref> hagati y’Itorero na Q wahinduwe Alma Thomas <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-28 |title=Washington, DC street renamed ‘Alma Thomas Way’ in honour of renowned abstract painter |url=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2025/05/28/alma-thomas-way-washington-dc |access-date=2025-05-30 |website=www.theartnewspaper.com |language=en}}</ref> === Urupfu n'ububiko === Alma Thomas yapfuye ku ya 24 Gashyantare 1978, mu bitaro bya kaminuza ya Howard, nyuma yo kubagwa aortic. <ref name="WP-obit"/> Impapuro za Tomasi zatanzwe mu bihe byinshi hagati ya 1979 na 2004 muri Archives of Art Art y'Abanyamerika na mushiki we, J. Maurice Thomas. <ref name="AAA">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas papers, 1894–2000 |url=http://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241/more#biohist |access-date=July 6, 2011 |website=Finding Aid |publisher=Archives of American Art}}</ref> == Imiterere yubuhanzi == Alma Thomas akazi ke kare kari guhagarariwe muburyo. Nkumwirabura, yibanze kumurimo we wo guhanga aho kwibanda kumoko cyangwa igitsina. <ref name="SAAM"/> Tomasi yizeraga ko guhanga bigomba kwigenga kuburinganire cyangwa ubwoko, guhanga imirimo yibanda kubwiza butunguranye no gukuramo ibara. <ref name="Greenwood Press"/> After further education at American University and influenced by James V. Herring and Lois Mailou Jones, her work became more abstract.<ref name="nmwa.org"/> Toward the end of her life, her style moved "to a color-filled, impastoed geometric abstraction of tessellated brushstroke patterns."<ref name=":22"/> These paintings have been compared to Byzantine mosaics and the pointillist paintings of Georges-Pierre Seurat.<ref name="nmwa.org" /> Thomas' style has qualities similar to West African paintings as well as Byzantine mosaics.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Henkes |first=Robert |year=1993 |title=The art of Black American women : works of twenty-four artists of the twentieth century |url=https://archive.org/details/artofblackameric0000henk |publisher=McFarland Publishing |isbn=978-0899508184 |location=Jefferson, N.C}}</ref> [[File:Mars_Dust,_1972,_Alma_Thomas_at_Whitney.jpg|right|thumb|''Umukungugu wa Mars'' (1972) mu nzu ndangamurage ya Whitney mu 2023]] Ibara rye ryamazi hamwe namavuta yashizwemo no gukoresha (rimwe na rimwe kurengana) urukiramende rwamabara. Yakomeje gukoresha ubu buhanga mu mirimo ye, bwerekanaga amabara aboneka mu biti, indabyo, ubusitani, ndetse n’andi mashusho asanzwe. <ref name=":05"/> Igishushanyo cye ''nimugoroba Glow'' cyatewe ahanini n’uko Tomasi yashishikajwe n’amabara y’isi: "[[Igiti]] cyera hanze y’icyumba cye, cyashishikaje Tomasi ibishushanyo mbonera byakozwe n'amababi yacyo ku idirishya, kandi bifite ishusho y’urumuri n’igicucu hasi hasi no ku rukuta imbere mu rugo rwe." <ref name=":05" /> Amashusho ye yise 'Alma's Stripes', kubera ko ishusho yuzuye irangi yaremye urukiramende rurerure. Nyuma ibikorwa byahumetswe nubushakashatsi bwikirere hamwe nisi. Umutwe w'ishusho ye ''ya Mars Dust'' (1972) yerekanaga inkuru zamakuru yumuyaga wumukungugu kuri Mars. [ 4 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 33">&#x3A;&#x200A;33&#x200A;</span></sup>. == Nyuma reaction, kwerekana, niterambere == [[File:Red_Azaleas_Singing,_1976,_Alma_Thomas_at_SAAM_2023.jpg|right|thumb|''Umutuku Azaleas Kuririmba no kubyina Urutare na Roll Muzika'' (1976) mu nzu ndangamurage yubuhanzi ya Smithsonian muri 2023]] Umuhanga mu by'amateka y’ubuhanzi Richard J. Powell yanditse mu 1997 ku bijyanye n’umwanya wa Thomas na Sam Gilliam nk’abanyamuryango babiri bazwi cyane b’Abanyafurika-Abanyamerika bo mu Ishuri ry’amabara rya Washington, ati: "Mu gihe baganiraga n’ibikorwa by’abahanzi bagenzi babo bo mu Ishuri ry’amabara rya Washington ( Gene Davis, Morris Louis, na Kenneth Noland ), banabagejejeho, binyuze mu buryo bwa tekiniki kandi bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru bwo gusiga amarangi, ibyifuzo by’imibereho by’icyiciro rusange cya Washington DC." Yakomeje avuga ko mu myaka ya za 1960 Thomas "yateye umugongo" ku buryo yari asanzwe ahagarariye "umuryango w’ubuhanzi wa DC wabonaga ko ari ibitekerezo by’ibitekerezo," ashyigikira "uburyo budasubirwaho bwatewe n’ubuhinzi bw’[[imboga]], inyigisho z’amabara ya siyansi, ndetse n’umuziki." Powell yavuze ko Tomasi yo mu 1976 ''Azeleas Kuririmba no Kubyina Rock na Roll Music'' ari "ubuhanga bwo kuganira inzira zinyerera hagati ya kamere na sosiyete," kandi "bikerekana uburyo bwo kwishyira hamwe kw'ibihe." <ref name="Powell">{{Cite book |last=Powell |first=Richard J. |date=1997 |title=Black art and culture in the 20th century |url=https://archive.org/details/blackartculturei00powe |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=0-500-20295-8 |location=New York, N.Y. |page=[https://archive.org/details/blackartculturei00powe/page/128 128]}}</ref> Ikinyamakuru Washington Post cyamusobanuye ko ari "imbaraga mu ishuri ry’ibara rya Washington ". <ref name="wapo">{{Cite news |last=Dawson |first=Jessica |date=April 7, 2005 |title=An Alumni Reunion On the Hilltop |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A32839-2005Apr6.html |access-date=October 8, 2009 |work=The Washington Post |page=C05}}</ref> Yanditse mu 1998, umuhanga mu by'amateka y’ubuhanzi Sharon Patton yavuze ko ''Igitaramo cya Tomasi cyo mu 1973 cy’umuyaga na Crepe Myrtle'' ari "kimwe mu bishushanyo mbonera bya Minimalist Color-Field byakozwe n’umuhanzi nyafurika w’umunyamerika." Nubwo Thomas atabonye monografiya  kugeza mu 1998 igihe inzu ndangamurage ya Fort Wayne yerekanaga ibyerekeranye n’umuhanzi, <ref name=":22"/> ubukererwe bw’abashakashatsi bwimbitse ntabwo bugaragaza umurage we n’ingaruka ku buhanzi bwa Visual. Jacob Kainen, umwarimu we muri kaminuza y'Abanyamerika mu gatasi 1957, [ 3 ] yemeza ko "Tomasi yagize uruhare runini mu iterambere ry’ibishushanyo mbonera mu kinyejana cya 20." Kainen yanditse mu gitabo cya Fort Wayne yerekana ko yahuye na Thomas mu 1943, mu birori byabereye mu nzu mberabyombi ya Barnett-Aden. [ 3 ] <sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 30">&#x3A;&#x200A;30&#x200A;</span></sup>Kainen amwibuka muri kiriya gihe nk "" umugore muto, unanutse ufite ubwiza bwimyambarire, imyifatire ye ndetse no gushikama kudashidikanywaho byatumye ikibazo cy'ubunini bwe kidafite akamaro. " [ 3 ] Muri gahunda y’imyidagaduro y’ubuhanzi ya kaminuza ya Howard yo mu 1966 "Alma W. Thomas: Imurikagurisha ryisubiraho, 1959-1966," Kainen asobanura ko ari "Ikimenyetso cy’abashushanya amabara." <ref name="auto1"/> Mu mwaka wa 2009, amashusho abiri yakozwe na Thomas, harimo na ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'', <ref name="Cotter1"/> yatowe na Madamu wa Perezida Michelle Obama, umushinga w'imbere mu nzu ya White House, Michael S. Smith (umushinga w'imbere), hamwe n'umuyobozi ushinzwe inzu ya White House, William Allman kugira ngo berekanwe muri [[Perezidansi y’Amerika|White House]] mu gihe cya perezida Obama. <ref name="nytimes">{{Cite news |last=Vogel |first=Carol |date=October 6, 2009 |title=A Bold and Modern White House |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/arts/design/07borrow.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616215631/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/arts/design/07borrow.html?_r=1 |archive-date=June 16, 2013 |access-date=October 7, 2009 |work=The New York Times |page=A14}}</ref> ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'' yaje gukurwa muri White House kubera impungenge zatewe n'iki gice kibereye mu biro bya East Wing ya Michelle Obama. ''Sky Light'', <ref>{{Cite web |date=November 5, 2009 |title=Alma Thomas' "Watusi" Gets the White House Kibosh |url=http://flavorwire.com/48319/alma-thomas-watusi-gets-the-white-house-kibosh}}</ref> yatanzwe na Hirshhorn Museum and Garden Sculpture, yamanitswe mu nzu bwite ya Obama. <ref name="Gopnik"/> [[File:Resurrection,_1966,_Alma_Thomas_at_SAAM_2023.jpg|right|thumb|''Izuka'' (1966) mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Smithsonian muri 2023]] Mu mwaka wa 2015, ikindi gishushanyo cye, ''Izuka'' (1966), cyamanitswe cyane mu cyumba cyo gusangiriramo umuryango wa Old House cyo muri White House, kikaba cyaraguzwe mu cyegeranyo cya White House mu 2014 hamwe n’amadorari 290.000 n’inkunga yatanzwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’amateka rya White House. <ref name="CT"/> <ref name="WHHA">{{Cite web |title="Resurrection" by Alma Thomas |url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/resurrection-by-alma-thomas |access-date=30 August 2019 |website=White House Historical Association |language=en}}</ref> Guhitamo <ref name="CT" /> mu cyegeranyo cya White House byasobanuwe nk'ikimenyetso cyiza ku butegetsi bwa Obama na Holland Cotter wanenze ibihangano ''bya New York Times''. Cotter yavuze ko umurimo wa Tomasi ari "kureba imbere nta gukabya; nyuma y'amoko ariko kandi ukunda amoko." <ref name="Artnews1">{{Cite web |last=Robin Cembalest |year=2009 |title=Critics Nix Obamas' Pix Mix |url=http://artnews.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2789 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707170726/http://artnews.com/issues/article.asp?art_id=2789 |archive-date=July 7, 2011 |access-date=July 6, 2011 |website=Past Issues |publisher=ARTnews}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, imurikagurisha ''Alma Thomas'', ryasobanuwe mu bikoresho byamamaza ko ari "uburyo bwa mbere bwerekanwe ku bikorwa by’umuhanzi mu myaka igera kuri makumyabiri," kandi ko bugaragaza "ubwihindurize butandukanye bw’imirimo ya Tomasi kuva mu mpera za 1950 kugeza apfuye mu 1978" bwateguwe na The Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery muri Skidmore College na Studio Museum i Harlem. <ref name="tang.skidmore.edu">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas |url=https://tang.skidmore.edu/exhibitions/133-alma-thomas |access-date=2019-03-02 |website=Tang Teaching Museum |language=en}}</ref> Iri murika ryateguwe na Ian Berry, Umuyobozi wa Dayton w’Ingoro Ndangamurage ya Tang na Lauren Haynes, Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe amasomo, icyegeranyo gihoraho mu nzu ndangamurage ya Studio i Harlem kandi ashyigikiwe n’inshuti za Tang. <ref name="tang.skidmore.edu" /> Ibikoresho byamamaza imurikagurisha byagaragaje ko "ibihangano bya Tomasi, ibishushanyo mbonera by’ingufu ndetse no kwiyemeza kurangi byamuremye umurimo wihariye kandi udasanzwe." Bavuze kandi ko "ikubiyemo gake cyane amabara y’amazi n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe hakiri kare." Iri murika ryagabanyijwemo ibice bine: Himura kuri Abstraction; Isi, Umwanya, hamwe nakazi katinze. <ref name="tang.skidmore.edu" /> ''Ikinyamakuru Wall Street Journal'' cyamusobanuye mu mwaka wa 2016 nk'umuhanzi wahoze ari "umuhanzi udashimwa" uherutse kumenyekana kubera ibikorwa bye "exuberant", uzwi cyane ku buryo bwabo, injyana n'ibara. Muri 2019, Tomasi yo mu 1970 yashushanyije ''izuba rirenze'' ryatejwe cyamunara mugurisha Christie. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Armstrong |first=Annie |date=2019-10-24 |title=Alma Thomas, a Favored Artist of the Obamas, Could More Than Double Her Auction Record Next Month at Christie's |url=https://www.artnews.com/art-news/market/alma-thomas-auction-christies-13461/ |access-date=2020-08-11 |website=ARTnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yagurishijwe miliyoni 2.655. <ref name="Christies-price">{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas (1891-1978), A Fantastic Sunset |url=https://www.christies.com/lotfinder/Lot/alma-thomas-1891-1978-a-fantastic-sunset-6236054-details.aspx |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=www.christies.com |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2021, hashyizweho igiciro gishya cy’ibikorwa bya Tomasi igihe ''ubusitani bw’indabyo bwa Alma'', bwashushanywaga mu myaka ya 1968 kugeza mu 1970, bwateshejwe agaciro n’inzu ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Greenville, yagurishije mu kugurisha ku giti cye n’umuguzi utamenyekanye ku madolari miliyoni 2.8. Inzu ndangamurage yari yaguze irangi mu 2008 ku madolari 135.000. <ref name="Rosenbaum">{{Cite web |last=Rosenbaum |first=Lee |date=9 April 2021 |title=Doubting Thomas: Greenville County Museum Sells "Alma's Flower Garden" in a Non-Transparent Transaction |url=https://www.artsjournal.com/culturegrrl/2021/04/doubting-thomas-greenville-county-museum-sells-almas-flower-garden-in-a-non-transparent-transaction.html |access-date=21 April 2021 |website=CultureGrrl}}</ref> <ref name="Greenville">{{Cite news |last=Mayo |first=Nikie |date=30 March 2021 |title=$2.8 million mystery: Greenville museum sells rare Alma Thomas painting to secret buyer |url=https://www.greenvilleonline.com/story/news/local/south-carolina/2021/03/30/painting-black-artist-alma-thomas-sells-record-2-8-million/4808575001/ |access-date=21 April 2021 |work=The Greenville News}}</ref> Ibikorwa bya Thomas byashyizwe mu imurikagurisha ryo mu 2021 ''Abagore muri Abstraction'' kuri Centre Pompidou. <ref name="Women in abstraction">{{Cite book |date=2021 |title=Women in abstraction |publisher=Thames & Hudson Ltd. ; Thames & Hudson Inc |isbn=978-0500094372 |location=London : New York, New York |pages=170}}</ref> Imurikagurisha ry’ubuhanzi bwe yise "Alma W. Thomas: Byose ni Byiza," ryateguwe n’inzu ndangamurage ya Chrysler i Norfolk, muri Virijiniya n’inzu ndangamurage ya Columbus i Columbus, Jeworujiya, yafunguwe ku ya 9 Nyakanga 2021, mu nzu ndangamurage ya Chrysler. Byari biteganijwe ko bizahakorera kugeza ku ya 3 Ukwakira 2021, nyuma yaho bikorera mu cyegeranyo cya Phillips i Washington, DC, mu mpeshyi 2021, inzu ndangamurage ya Frist i Nashville mu mpeshyi 2022, n'inzu ndangamurage ya Columbus mu mpeshyi 2022. <ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |date=September 21, 2020 |title=Everything is Beautiful: Major Alma W. Thomas Traveling Exhibition Opening at Chrysler Museum of Art in July 2021 |url=https://www.culturetype.com/2020/09/21/everything-is-beautiful-major-alma-w-thomas-traveling-exhibition-opening-at-chrysler-museum-of-art-in-july-2021/ |access-date=2020-10-21 |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Chrysler-blurb">{{Cite web |title=Alma W. Thomas:Everything is Beautiful |url=https://chrysler.org/exhibition/alma-thomas/ |access-date=6 December 2020 |website=Chrysler Museum of Art |language=en}}</ref> Inyandiko ngufi, ''Miss Alma Thomas: Ubuzima mu Ibara'', yashinzwe ku bufatanye n’imurikabikorwa. Iyobowe na Cheri Gaulke ikanakorwa na [[Jon Gann]], yakinnye iserukiramuco rya firime zirenga 40 ku isi yose kandi yegukana ibihembo ndetse n'ibihembo. Mu 2023, ibikorwa bye byashyizwe mu imurikagurisha ''Igikorwa, Ibimenyetso, Irangi: Abahanzi b'Abagore na Global Abstraction 1940-1970'' mu nzu mberabyombi ya Whitechapel i Londres. <ref name="Whitechapel Gallery">{{Cite web |title=Action, Gesture, Paint |url=https://www.whitechapelgallery.org/exhibitions/action-gesture-paint-women-and-global-abstraction-1940-70/ |access-date=24 April 2023 |website=Whitechapel Gallery |language=en}}</ref> == Imurikagurisha rigaragara == * ''Ibara ry'amazi by Alma Thomas'', 1960, Dupont Theatre Art Gallery <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma Thomas: Imurikagurisha ryisubiraho (1959-1966)'', 1966, Ubugeni bwa kaminuza ya Howard <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma Thomas: Amashusho aheruka'', 1968, Ububiko bwa Franz Bader <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Igishushanyo cya vuba cyanditswe na Alma W. Thomas: Urukurikirane rw'isi n'ikirere (1961–1971)'', 1971, Ububiko bwa Carl Van Vechten, Kaminuza ya Fisk <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas'', 1972, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Whitney y'Abanyamerika <ref name="ReferenceA" /> <ref name="auto">{{Cite book |date=1989 |title=Making their mark : women artists move into the mainstream, 1970-85 |url=https://archive.org/details/makingtheirmarkw0000unse |publisher=Abbeville Press |others=Rosen, Randy., Brawer, Catherine Coleman., Cincinnati Art Museum. |isbn=0-89659-958-2 |edition=1st |location=New York |oclc=18259773 |url-access=registration}}</ref> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Imurikagurisha ryisubiraho'', 1972, Ubugeni bwa Corcoran <ref name="ReferenceA">{{Cite book |year=2016 |title=Alma Thomas |publisher=The Studio Museum in Harlem, The Frances Young Tang Teaching Museum and Art Gallery, and DelMonico Books |isbn=9783791355719 |location=Prestel |pages=206}}</ref> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Amashusho'', 1973, Ikarita ya Martha Jackson <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Amashusho aheruka'', 1975, Ubugeni bwa kaminuza ya Howard <ref name="auto" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Amashusho aheruka'', 1976, HC Taylor Gallery, Kaminuza ya Leta y’ubuhinzi n’ubuhanga ya Carolina y'Amajyaruguru <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Ubuzima mu buhanzi: Alma Thomas, 1891-1978'', 1981, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Ubuhanzi bw’Abanyamerika, Ikigo cya Smithsonian <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Gusubira inyuma kw'ibishushanyo'', 1998, Inzu Ndangamurage y'Ubuhanzi ya Fort Wayne, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Tampa, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Leta ya New Jersey, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Anacostia, Ikigo cya Smithsonian, n'inzu ndangamurage ya Columbus <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Alma Thomas: Phantasmagoria, Amashusho Nkuru yo mu myaka ya za 70'', 2001, Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, n'inzu ndangamurage y'abagore: Ikigo cy'ejo hazaza <ref name="ReferenceA" /> * ''Gukomeza Ishema: Imyaka umunani Yubuhanzi muri kaminuza ya Howard'', 2005, kaminuza ya Howard <ref name="wapo"/> * ''Impirimbanyi y'amabara: Igishushanyo cya Felrath Hines na Alma Thomas'', 2010, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Nasher <ref name="Nasher">{{Cite web |year=2011 |title=Color Balance: Paintings by Felrath Hines and Alma Thomas |url=http://www.nasher.duke.edu/exhibitions_colorbalance.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928080225/http://www.nasher.duke.edu/exhibitions_colorbalance.php |archive-date=September 28, 2011 |access-date=July 6, 2011 |website=Exhibitions |publisher=Nasher Museum of Art}}</ref> * ''Alma Thomas'', 2016, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Frances Young Tang Yigisha Ingoro n'Ubuhanzi muri Skidmore College, <ref name="ReferenceA" /> na Studio Ndangamurage ya Harlem <ref name="Studio Museum">{{Cite web |title=Past Exhibits - Alma Thomas |url=https://www.studiomuseum.org/exhibition/alma-thomas |access-date=11 March 2017 |website=Studio Museum Harlem}}</ref> * ''Alma Thomas: Imurikagurisha'', 2019, Mnuchin Gallery <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas - Exhibitions - Mnuchin Gallery |url=https://www.mnuchingallery.com/exhibitions/alma-thomas#tab:slideshow;tab-1:slideshow |website=www.mnuchingallery.com}}</ref> * ''Alma W. Thomas: Byose ni Byiza'', 2021, Inzu Ndangamurage ya Chrysler <ref name="auto2"/> * ''Ibara ryo guhimba: Igishushanyo cya Alma Thomas'', 2023-2024, Inzu Ndangamurage y'Abanyamerika ya Smithsonian <ref>{{Cite web |title=Composing Color: Paintings by Alma Thomas {{!}} Smithsonian American Art Museum |url=https://americanart.si.edu/exhibitions/alma-thomas |access-date=2025-07-31 |website=americanart.si.edu |language=en}}</ref> ; yagiye mu nzu ndangamurage ya Denver <ref>{{Cite web |title=Alma Thomas Composing Color {{!}} Denver Art Museum |url=https://www.denverartmuseum.org/en/exhibitions/alma-thomas-composing-color |access-date=2025-10-19 |website=www.denverartmuseum.org}}</ref> (2024-2025), Ingoro y’Urwibutso (2025), Inzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi ya Indianapolis i Newfields (2025) na muzehe y’ubuhanzi ya Smith College (2026-2027) == Ibikorwa bigaragara mubyegeranyo rusange ==  {{Div col|colwidth=40em}} * ''Watusi (Hard Edge)'' (1963), [[Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden]], [[Smithsonian Institution]], [[Washington, D.C.]]<ref>[https://hirshhorn.si.edu/search-results/search-result-details/?edan_search_value=hmsg_76.137 "Watusi (Hard Edge)"], Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</ref> *''Air View of a Spring Nursery'' (1966), [[Columbus Museum]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]<ref name="GA">{{cite web | author=Charles T. Butler | year=2004 | title=Alma Thomas (1891–1978) | work=Individual Artists | publisher=The New Georgia Encyclopedia | url=http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1040 | access-date=July 6, 2011| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110606080115/http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-1040| archive-date= June 6, 2011 | url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://columbusmuseum.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/B7A24918-47A7-4752-8374-134645299454|title=Painting - Air View Of A Spring Nursery &#124; Columbus Museum|website=columbusmuseum.pastperfectonline.com}}</ref> *''Breeze Rustling Through Fall Flowers'' (1968), [[Phillips Collection]], Washington, D.C.<ref name="Phillips">{{cite web | title=Breeze Rustling Through Fall Flowers | work=American Art | publisher=Phillips Museum | url=http://www.phillipscollection.org/research/american_art/artwork/Thomas-Breeze_Rustling.htm | access-date=July 6, 2011 | archive-date=March 4, 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304200031/http://www.phillipscollection.org/research/american_art/artwork/Thomas-Breeze_Rustling.htm | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/collection/breeze-rustling-through-fall-flowers|title=Breeze Rustling Through Fall Flowers &#124; The Phillips Collection|website=www.phillipscollection.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.phillipscollection.org/event/2020-05-17-museum-stories|title=Museum Stories &#124; The Phillips Collection|website=www.phillipscollection.org|date=May 17, 2020 }}</ref> *''Nature's Red Impressions'' (1968), Luther W. Brady Art Gallery, [[George Washington University]], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bradygallery.gwu.edu/gw-collection|title=Brady Gallery|website=George Washington University}}</ref> * ''Resurrection'' (1968), [[White House Historical Association]], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.whitehousehistory.org/photos/resurrection-by-alma-thomas|title="Resurrection" by Alma Thomas|website=WHHA (en-US)}}</ref> * ''Wind, Sunshine and Flowers'' (1968), [[Brooklyn Museum]], [[New York City|New York]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1562|title=Wind, Sunshine and Flowers|website=www.brooklynmuseum.org|access-date=2025-11-08|archive-date=2025-02-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250206181233/https://www.brooklynmuseum.org/opencollection/objects/1562|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Iris, Tulips, Jonquils and Crocuses'' (1969), [[National Museum of Women in the Arts]], Washington, D.C.<ref name="NMWA1">{{cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/works/iris-tulips-jonquils-and-crocuses|title=Iris, Tulips, Jonquils and Crocuses|year=2011|publisher=National Museum of Women in the Arts|work=Permanent Collection|access-date=January 10, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624204926/http://nmwa.org/collection/detail.asp?WorkID=2178|archive-date=June 24, 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nmwa.org/art/collection/iris-tulips-jonquils-and-crocuses/|title=Iris, Tulips, Jonquils, and Crocuses &#124; Artwork}}</ref> * ''Pansies in Washington'' (1969), [[National Gallery of Art]], Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nga.gov/calendar/gallery-talks/collection/pansies-washington-thomas.html|title=In Depth: "Pansies in Washington" by Alma Thomas|website=www.nga.gov|access-date=December 21, 2020|archive-date=July 10, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220710023617/https://www.nga.gov/calendar/gallery-talks/collection/pansies-washington-thomas.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> * ''Lunar Surface'' (1970), [[American University Museum]], Washington, D.C.<ref name="AU-Mus">{{cite web |title=American University Museum at the Katzen Arts Center |url=https://www.american.edu/cas/museum/ |website=American University |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref> * ''Snoopy Early Sun Display'' (1970), [[Smithsonian American Art Museum]], Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/snoopy-early-sun-display-earth-24019|title=Snoopy--Early Sun Display on Earth &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> *''Earth Sermon - Beauty, Love and Peace'' (1971), Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref name="Earth-Sermon">{{cite news |title=Earth Sermon - Beauty, Love and Peace |url=https://hirshhorn.si.edu/explore/earth-sermon-beauty-love-and-peace/ |newspaper=Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden &#124; Smithsonian |access-date=12 December 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://insider.si.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Alma-Thomas-Photo.jpg|title=Earth Sermon - Beauty, Love And Peace}}</ref> *''Evening Glow'' (1972), [[Baltimore Museum of Art]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/view/objects/asitem/search$0040/0/title-asc?t:state:flow=cb452905-77fb-40d9-ab41-8a056e19f26a|title=The Baltimore Museum of Art|website=collection.artbma.org|access-date=2016-02-13}}{{Dead link|date=February 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/start?t:state:flow=09b2e3ce-5956-44ea-b436-8c259aa12c66|title=The Baltimore Museum of Art|website=collection.artbma.org|access-date=July 7, 2021|archive-date=July 9, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709190115/https://collection.artbma.org/emuseum/start?t:state:flow=09b2e3ce-5956-44ea-b436-8c259aa12c66|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Mars Dust'' (1972), [[Whitney Museum]], New York<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://whitney.org/collection/works/3043|title=Alma Thomas &#124; Mars Dust|website=whitney.org}}</ref> * ''Red Atmosphere'' (1972), [[Tougaloo College]], [[Jackson, Mississippi]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Art and Civil Rights: The Mississippi Museum of Art and Tougaloo College Art and Civil Rights Initiative, 2017–2020 |url=https://www.msmuseumart.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/MMA1015K-ACRI-Cat-FINAL-web-single-edited.pdf |access-date=12 December 2020|pages=22}}</ref> * ''Red Roses Sonata'' (1972), [[Metropolitan Museum of Art]], New York<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/632918?sortBy=Relevance&amp;ft=Alma+Thomas&amp;offset=0&amp;rpp=20&amp;pos=1|title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|website=metmuseum.org/art/collection|access-date=2017-01-29}}</ref> * ''Starry Night and the Astronauts'' (1972), [[Art Institute of Chicago]]<ref name=artic/> *''Fiery Sunset'' (1973), [[Museum of Modern Art]], New York<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.moma.org/collection/works/191855|title=Alma Woodsey Thomas. Fiery Sunset. 1973 &#124; MoMA|website=The Museum of Modern Art}}</ref> * ''Spring Embraces Yellow'' (1973), [[University of Iowa Stanley Museum of Art]], [[Iowa City]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://digital.lib.uiowa.edu/islandora/object/ui:uima_22986|title=Spring Embraces Yellow &#124; The University of Iowa Libraries|website=digital.lib.uiowa.edu}}</ref> * ''Wind and Crêpe Myrtle Concerto'' (1973), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. * ''Wind Sparkling Dew and Green Grass'' (1973), [[Fort Wayne Museum of Art]], [[Indiana]] *''Hydrangeas Spring Song'' (1976), [[Philadelphia Museum of Art]]<ref>[http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/128105.html?mulR=1157462711|1 "Hydrangeas Spring Song"], Philadelphia Museum of Art. Retrieved October 17, 2018.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/128105.html|title=Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections Object : Hydrangeas Spring Song|website=www.philamuseum.org|access-date=2025-11-08|archive-date=2021-01-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210123081518/https://philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/128105.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Red Azaleas Singing and Dancing Rock and Roll Music'' (1976), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/red-azaleas-singing-and-dancing-rock-and-roll-music-24017|title=Red Azaleas Singing and Dancing Rock and Roll Music &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> * ''White Roses Sing and Sing'' (1976), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/white-roses-sing-and-sing-24027|title=White Roses Sing and Sing &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> * ''Untitled: Music Series'' (1978), Smithsonian American Art Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://americanart.si.edu/artwork/untitled-music-series-24025|title=Untitled (Music Series) &#124; Smithsonian American Art Museum|website=americanart.si.edu}}</ref> {{Div col end}} Alma Thomas Teen Umwanya muri Martin Luther King Jr. Urwibutso rwibutso rwitiriwe izina rye. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist|group=note}} == Reba == == Bibliografiya == * Patton, Sharon F. ''Ubuhanzi bwa Afurika-Amerika.'' Oxford: Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Oxford (1998). [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-01-92842-13-8|<bdi>978-01-92842-13-8</bdi>]] * "Impapuro za Alma Thomas, 1894-2000". ''[https://www.aaa.si.edu/collections/alma-thomas-papers-9241 Kubona Imfashanyo.]'' Ububiko bwubuhanzi bwabanyamerika, Ikigo cya Smithsonian. == Ibindi gusoma == * {{Cite web |last=Elizabeth Hamilton |date=15 Mar 2022 |title=Alma Thomas Was the Godmother of Afrofuturism |url=https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/art-books-music/a39382593/alma-thomas-was-the-godmother-of-afrofuturism/ |website=Harpers Bazaar}} * {{Cite web |last=Ken Johnson |date=4 Aug 2016 |title='Alma Thomas,' an Incandescent Pioneer |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/05/arts/design/alma-thomas-an-incandescent-pioneer.html |website=The New York Times}} * {{Cite book |last=Berry |first=Ian |date=2016 |title=Alma Thomas |last2=Haynes |first2=Lauren |publisher=Prestel |isbn=978-3791355719}} * {{Cite news |last=Dobrzynski |first=Judith H. |date=1 March 2016 |title='Alma Thomas' Review |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/alma-thomas-review-1456869006 |work=WSJ |id={{ProQuest|1769027434}}}}<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> * ''Alma W. Thomas: A Retrospective of the Paintings''. Fort Wayne: Fort Wayne Museum of Art (1998).  [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/0-7649-0686-0|<bdi>0-7649-0686-0</bdi>]] * Foresta, Merry A. ''A Life in Art: Alma Thomas, 1891-1978''. Published for the National Museum of American Art by the Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.  [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:927776976|927776976]] * ''Alma Thomas''. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art (1972).  [[OCLC (identifier)|OCLC]]&nbsp;[[oclc:53302446|53302446]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 0g39oah4fv2p6y8rp2dpzurte9gt2zw 0 21305 139195 127335 2026-09-23T04:14:11Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139195 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jordan Alexander Ward''' (wavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1995), uzwi cyane nka '''Jordan Ward''', ni umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w’indirimbo ndetse n’umubyinnyi w’umunyamerika. <ref name=":22">{{Cite magazine|last=Lee|first=Cydney|date=2023-03-13|title=Meet Jordan Ward, The Dancer-Turned-Musician Bringing a New Wave to Hip-Hop|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/jordan-ward-interview-forward-dancer-1235285305/|access-date=2024-07-31|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]|language=en-US}}</ref> Yatangiye umwuga we nk’umubyinnyi mbere yo kwinjira mu muziki. Yatangiriye umuziki mu mwaka wa '''2017''', maze mu '''2023''' asohora alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio yitwa ''Imbere''. Mu '''2024''', yatorewe '''igihembo cya NAACP Image Award''' mu cyiciro cy’umuhanzi mushya w’indashyikirwa mu bihembo bya 55 bya NAACP == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Jordan Ward yavutse ku ya 1 Gashyantare 1995 kandi yakuriye i St. Louis, muri Missouri . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Kevin C. |date=2021-12-08 |title=After dancing with the stars, St. Louis native Jordan Ward makes music of his own |url=https://www.stltoday.com/news/local/after-dancing-with-the-stars-st-louis-native-jordan-ward-makes-music-of-his-own/article_92714719-6b5e-5d92-9e2f-d6ec0a47756f.html |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]] |language=en}}</ref> Kuva akiri muto, yerekanye ishyaka rikomeye ry'ubuhanzi, cyane cyane imbyino n'umuziki. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Aaron |date=2023-10-25 |title=Who Is Jordan Ward? Meet The 'White Crocs' Singer |url=https://uproxx.com/music/who-is-jordan-ward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Uproxx]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mowatt |first=Robyn |date=2023-07-05 |title=Ward Is in His Jordan Year |url=https://officemagazine.net/ward-his-jordan-year |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Office Magazine]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nixon |first=Khari |date=August 28, 2023 |title=Jordan Ward's Wings Have Spread |url=https://www.spin.com/2023/08/jordan-wards-wings-have-spread/ |access-date=August 6, 2024 |website=[[Spin (magazine)|Spin]]}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Umwuga wo kubyina === Yorodani yize kubyina, harimo ballet, jazz, na hip-hop, akiri ingimbi. <ref name=":0"/> Mbere yo kwishora mu muziki, Jordan Ward yigaragaje nk'umubyinnyi, imyitozo ndetse anakorana n’amasosiyete atandukanye yo kubyina ndetse no mu bitaramo byinshi. <ref name=":0" /> Amaze kurangiza amashuri yisumbuye, yimukiye i Los Angeles, ari naho yakoraga nk'umubyinnyi winyuma, azenguruka abahanzi barimo Justin Bieber, Becky G, Janet Jackson, na Beyoncé . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordan Ward |url=https://www.abconcerts.be/en/agenda/jordan-ward/a105J0000071Ix5QAE |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Ancienne Belgique]] |language=en}}</ref> === Umwuga wa muzika === Ward yatangiye kwandika no gufata amashusho y'indirimbo ze mu <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Joe |date=2023-09-22 |title="We're Not Even At Chapter One Of The Story" – An MM Exclusive With Jordan Ward |url=https://www.mixtapemadness.com/blog/music/jordan-ward-mm-exclusive-interview |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Mixtape Madness]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Friar |first=Kat |date=2023-11-23 |title=Jordan Ward [@JORDANWARD] on his dance background, being on tour and his new album Forward |url=https://guap.co/jordan-ward-jordanward-on-his-dance-background-being-on-tour-and-his-album-forward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=guap.co |language=en-GB |archive-date=2024-08-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240803220329/https://guap.co/jordan-ward-jordanward-on-his-dance-background-being-on-tour-and-his-album-forward/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2017, Jordan Ward yashyize ahagaragara umushinga we wa mbere, ''A Peak mu nama'' . <ref name=":2" /> <ref name=":5">{{Cite web |date=2019-08-26 |title=Meet Jordan Ward, the St. Louis Hopeful Who Is Making Himself His Top Priority |url=https://djbooth.net/features/2019-08-26-meet-jordan-ward-interview-valley-hopefuls/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=DJBooth |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyuma yibi, yasohoye indirimbo nyinshi, harimo "Mustard" irimo 6LACK . <ref name=":6">{{Cite web |last=Simpson |first=Joe |date=2023-08-08 |title=Jordan Ward Taps 6LACK For New Track 'MUSTARD' |url=https://www.mixtapemadness.com/blog/music/jordan-ward-6lack-mustard |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Mixtape Madness |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Perkins |first=Njera |date=March 12, 2024 |title=2024 NAACP Image Awards: Jordan Ward's Collaborative Brilliance: 5 Unforgettable Features with Fellow Artists |url=https://www.bet.com/article/km3dty/2024-naacp-image-awards-jordan-wards-collaborative-brilliance-5-unforgettable-features-with-fellow-artists |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[BET]] |language=en |archive-date=2024-07-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240731102500/https://www.bet.com/article/km3dty/2024-naacp-image-awards-jordan-wards-collaborative-brilliance-5-unforgettable-features-with-fellow-artists |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2021, yasohoye EP yitwa ''Guma Gutuza.'' Muri Werurwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Folk |first=Antwane |date=2021-10-29 |title=Jordan Ward Releases New EP 'Remain Calm' |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2021/10/jordan-ward-releases-new-ep-remain-calm/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Rated R&B]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ward yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Imbere'', muri Interscope Records . Iyi <ref>{{Cite web |last=Armstrong |first=Sam |date=2023-03-05 |title=R&B Standout Jordan Ward Releases Debut Album 'FORWARD' |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/jordan-ward-forward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref> yakozwe na Lido, igaragaramo ubufatanye na Joyce Wrice, Ryan Trey, Gwen Bunn, na Joony . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Folk |first=Antwane |date=2023-03-03 |title=Jordan Ward Moves 'Forward' on Debut Album: Listen |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2023/03/jordan-ward-moves-forward-on-debut-album-listen/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=Rated R&B |language=en}}</ref> Isohora, ''Imbere'' yashushanyije ku mbonerahamwe ya Billboard R&amp;amp;B yo muri Amerika mu cyumweru cyayo cya mbere. ''['' <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> ''Rolling Stone'' yashyize ''Imbere'' kurutonde rwayo rwa Album 100 Nziza zo mu <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |date=2023-10-27 |title=5 Minutes with Jordan Ward: The St. Louis R&B star on his deluxe album, 'moreward(FORWARD)' |url=https://hungermag.com/music/5-minutes-with-jordan-ward-the-st-louis-rb-star-on-his-deluxe-album-morewardforward |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Hunger Mag |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Schube |first=Will |date=2023-08-30 |title=Jordan Ward Releases Music Video For ‘Zoomies’ |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/jordan-ward-zoomies-video/ |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=uDiscover Music |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2023, yazengurutse u Burayi bwose. <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Schube |first=Will |date=2023-09-12 |title=Jordan Ward Announces European Tour |url=https://www.udiscovermusic.com/news/jordan-ward-european-tour/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[uDiscover Music]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ward yatorewe igihembo cy’ishusho cya NAACP kubera umuhanzi mushya w’indashyikirwa mu bihembo bya 55 bya NAACP . Ward <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |date=2024-01-25 |title=Nominees Announced for the 55th NAACP Image Awards |url=https://naacp.org/articles/nominees-announced-55th-naacp-image-awards |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=[[NAACP]] |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fabian Brathwaite |first=Lester |date=March 17, 2024 |title=2024 NAACP Image Award winners: See full list |url=https://ew.com/2024-naacp-image-award-winners-see-full-list-8609542 |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=EW.com |language=en}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lamarre |first=Carl |date=2024-06-29 |title=Cardi B, Gunna, Sexyy Red & Davido Light Up L.A. for 2024 BET Experience Concert Series |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/cardi-b-gunna-sexyy-red-2024-bet-experience-concert-series-1235720820/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=Preezy |date=2024-09-24 |title=7 Best Moments From Music At The Intersection Festival 2024 |url=https://www.vibe.com/lists/best-moments-music-at-the-intersection-festival-2024/jordan-wards-energy-proves-kinetic/ |access-date=2024-10-19 |website=Vibe |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri Mata 2024, yasohoye indirimbo "Umukinnyi wa kabiri" mu majwi ya ''Ntubwire Mama Wapfuye Umwana .'' Ku ya ''<ref name=":8">{{Cite web |date=12 April 2024 |title=Jordan Ward is heading to the movies with "Player Two" song featured in "Don't Tell mom the Babysitter's Dead" Film |url=https://www.universalmusic.ca/press-releases/jordan-ward-is-heading-to-the-movies-with-player-two-song-featured-in-dont-tell-mom-the-babysitters-dead-film/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=[[Universal Music Canada]]}}</ref>'' 2025, Ward yasohoye indirimbo imwe 'JUICY' yakozwe na Michael Uzowuru na Teo Halm . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Interviews |first=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & |last2=Hussain |first2=Shahzaib |date=2025-09-10 |title=Jordan Ward Returns With New Single 'JUICY' {{!}} News |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/jordan-ward-returns-with-new-single-juicy/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Muburyo bwa muzika hamwe ningaruka == Umuziki wa Ward uhumekwa na funk, ubundi rock, na hip hop . <ref name=":9">{{Cite web |date=2023-08-17 |title=Jordan Ward (Interscope) |url=https://hitsdailydouble.com/the_bside&id=337216&title=Jordan-Ward-(Interscope) |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Hits Daily Double]] |language=en}}</ref> == Discography == === Album za studio === * ''Imbere'' (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Davis |first=Chad |date=2023-05-09 |title=Rising R&B singer Jordan Ward comes home to St. Louis to promote debut album 'Forward' |url=https://www.stlpr.org/arts/2023-05-09/rising-r-b-singer-jordan-ward-comes-home-to-st-louis-to-promote-debut-album-forward |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=[[KWMU|STLPR]] |language=en}}</ref> === Imvange === * ''Ibyiringiro byo mu kibaya'' (2019) === Uruhererekane rw'indirimbo === * ''Impinga mu nama'' (2017) <ref name=":5"/> * ''Komeza gutuza'' (2021) <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |last=Bolden |first=Janeé |date=2021-10-08 |title=We Got A Lil Baby Crush: R&B Newcomer Jordan Ward Releases His New EP 'Remain Calm' |url=https://bossip.com/2045078/jordan-ward/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Bossip]]}}</ref> * ''JRNY'' (hamwe na Joony ) (2024) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuels |first=Keithan |date=2024-10-08 |title=Jordan Ward and Joony Take a Quick 'JRNY' on New EP: Stream |url=https://ratedrnb.com/2024/10/jordan-ward-and-joony-take-a-quick-jrny-on-new-ep-stream/ |access-date=2024-10-14 |website=Rated R&B |language=en-US}}</ref> === Ingaragu === * "Tapas" * "Lalaland" * "Umukandida" * "Mfata inyuma" * "Okok" (Hibachi) <ref name=":11">{{Cite web |last=Griffin |first=Marc |date=2023-04-12 |title=Jordan Ward's 'FORWARD' Is Best Understood When Going Backward |url=https://www.vibe.com/features/editorial/jordan-ward-forward-interview-1234740477/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[Vibe (magazine)|Vibe]] |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Sandiego" <ref name=":11" /> * "Lil Baby Crush" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Robles |first=Jonathan |date=2021-09-09 |title=We're addicted to Jordan Ward's new single 'Lil Baby Crush' |url=https://www.variancemagazine.com/sights/12403-lil-baby-crush |access-date=2024-11-17 |website=[[Variance (magazine)|Variance]] |language=en-gb}}</ref> * "IDC" irimo Joony <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouhani |first=Neena |last2=Lee |first2=Cydney |date=2022-10-18 |title=R&B Fresh Picks of the Week: Central Cee, Rini, Kirby & More |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/best-new-hip-hop-central-cee-rini-1235157012/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Crocs Yera" irimo Ryan Trey <ref name=":1"/> * "Cherimoya" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Rouhani |first=Neena |last2=Lee |first2=Cydney |date=2023-02-13 |title=R&B/Hip-Hop Fresh Picks of the Week: Central Cee, Daniel Caesar, Kash Doll & More |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/best-new-rb-hip-hop-central-cee-daniel-caesar-fresh-picks-1235214001/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> * "Sinapi" irimo 6lack <ref name=":6"/> * "Gutegereza Ubusa" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Horvath |first=Zachary |date=2024-02-19 |title=Jordan Ward Beautifully Covers Bob Marley & The Wailers' "Waiting In Vain" For Spotify Singles |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/765445-jordan-ward-waiting-in-vain-spotify-singles-hip-hop-news |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=[[HotNewHipHop]] |language=en}}</ref> * "Umukinnyi wa kabiri" <ref name=":8"/> * "Umutobe" <ref>{{Cite web |last=Interviews |first=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & |last2=Hussain |first2=Shahzaib |date=2025-09-10 |title=Jordan Ward Returns With New Single 'JUICY' {{!}} News |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/jordan-ward-returns-with-new-single-juicy/ |access-date=2025-09-12 |website=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews |language=en-GB}}</ref> == Imizenguruko == '''Umutwe''' * TEURWARD (2023) (EU) <ref name=":4"/> '''Gushyigikira''' * 6 GUKURIKIRA - " Kuva Mfite Umukunzi " Urugendo (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=Aaron |date=2023-10-02 |title=Here Is 6lack’s ’Since I Have A Lover Tour’ Setlist |url=https://uproxx.com/music/6lack-since-i-have-a-lover-tour-setlist/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=Uproxx |language=en-US}}</ref> * Smino - Urugendo rwa "Louphoria" (2023) (EU) <ref name=":9"/> * JID & Smino - "Luv Is 4Ever" Urugendo (2023) <ref>{{Cite web |last=Barlas |first=Jon |date=2023-03-13 |title=Jordan Ward Interview: 'I just want the music to speak for itself' |url=https://ourgenerationmusic.com/exclusive/forward-jordan-ward-interview/ |access-date=2024-07-31 |website=Our Generation Music |language=en-US}}</ref> * Duckwrth - Urugendo "SuperGood" (2021) <ref name=":10"/> == Ibihembo yatsindiye naho yashyizwe kurutonde rwabahatanye. == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Icyabaye ! Icyiciro ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | 2023 | Ibihembo bya NAACP | NAACP Ishusho Igihembo cyumuhanzi mushya udasanzwe|{{nom}} | <ref name=":3"/> |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] dmqeg7zpodw1jlx92g4uh5lkiu03h0g 0 21316 139141 129496 2026-09-23T02:41:47Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139141 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ogi Ifediora''', uzwi cyane nka Ogi, ni umuhanzi w’Umunyamerika ufite inkomoko muri Nijeriya, uririmba injyana ya R&B na blues. Yamamaye cyane ubwo yaririmbaga indirimbo ''AlJ'' ya PJ Morton, ndetse n’indirimbo ye yo mu 2021 ''I Got It'', yakozwe n’umuhanga mu gutunganya indirimbo wegukanye Grammy, No ID.<ref name=":32">{{Cite magazine|last=Sahai|first=Fred|date=June 24, 2022|title=How Ogi Scored a Record Deal Thanks to a PJ Morton Cover|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/ogi-ep-monologues-one-to-watch-interview-1235104659/|access-date=July 30, 2022|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> == Amateka bwite == Ogi Ifediora yavutse mu 1997 hanze ya Chicago akurira i Madison, muri Wisconsin . Kuva akiri muto, yakundaga umuziki. Nyirakuru yakunze kuririmba indirimbo gakondo zo muri Nigeriya kumukangura. Yahoraga kandi mu nama zo gusengera mu muryango, zirimo n'indirimbo. Ibi byaranze intangiriro yinyungu za Ogi muburyo bukomeye kandi bugoye. <ref name=":34">{{Cite magazine|last=Sahai|first=Fred|date=June 24, 2022|title=How Ogi Scored a Record Deal Thanks to a PJ Morton Cover|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/ogi-ep-monologues-one-to-watch-interview-1235104659/|access-date=July 30, 2022|magazine=[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]}}</ref> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, yari umunyamuryango wa korari jazz usibye gucuranga inanga . <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Global Music Month: Meet Ogi, R&B's Latest, Stunning Singing Sensation |url=https://www.bet.com/article/tluo76/global-music-month-2022-ogi-monologues-interview |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=2022-09-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922044811/https://www.bet.com/article/tluo76/global-music-month-2022-ogi-monologues-interview |url-status=dead}}</ref> Nyuma yize muri Northwestern University aho yize ibijyanye na siyanse ya politiki kandi yiga ibijyanye n’amategeko . Igihe yari ahari, yari umwe mubagize itsinda rya cappella, SHAKA cappella. Mu myaka ye mikuru, yakoze konte ya Instagram aho yashyize ibifuniko byindirimbo zitandukanye, harimo nindirimbo ya ''Alight'' ya PJ Morton . PJ Morton amaze gusubiramo igifuniko cye, yaje kuvugana na producer No ID ., wafatanije nawe gukora indirimbo ye ya mbere, ''Nabonye'' . <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Ogi: Monologues EP |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/ogi-monologues/ |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=Pitchfork |language=en-US}}</ref> Muri 2022, Ogi yasohoye Uumuzingo we wa mbere, ''Monologues'' . <ref name=":2"/> Nkumuhanzi, yashyigikiye kandi afungura abahanzi nka Marias, Mahalia, Snoh Aalegra, na Paramore . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cella |first=Rob |date=2022-09-22 |title=PARAMORE ANNOUNCE INTIMATE NEW YORK CITY SHOW |url=http://dreadmusicreview.com/2022/09/22/paramore-announce-intimate-new-york-city-show/ |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=The DreadMusicReview |language=en-US |archive-date=2022-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025174458/http://dreadmusicreview.com/2022/09/22/paramore-announce-intimate-new-york-city-show/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=RockDaBeat |date=2022-03-03 |title=THE MARIAS CONTINUE 'CINEMA' TOUR! w/Evann Mcintosh and Ogi! (photos + info) |url=https://www.rockdabeat.com/the-marias-continue-cinema-tour-w-evann-mccintosh-and-ogi-photos-info |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=ROCKDABEAT |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025174456/https://www.rockdabeat.com/the-marias-continue-cinema-tour-w-evann-mccintosh-and-ogi-photos-info |url-status=dead }}</ref> [ <ref>{{Cite web |last=Douglas |first=DeVaughn |title=Mahalia's Letter To Ur Ex Tour Comes To The House of Blues |url=https://www.houstonpress.com/music/mahalia-rocks-the-bronze-peacock-room-at-house-of-blues-14278997 |access-date=2022-10-25 |website=Houston Press |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2022, Ogi yerekanye bwa mbere BET Awards yakinnye na "Nabonye", indirimbo ye ya mbere muri ''Monologues'' EP. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Best Moments from the BET Awards 2022 |url=https://www.bet.com/bet-awards/photos/1yz9dt/the-best-moments-from-the-bet-awards-2022/slj30h |access-date=2022-10-20 |website=[[BET]] |language=en |archive-date=2022-10-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020204020/https://www.bet.com/bet-awards/photos/1yz9dt/the-best-moments-from-the-bet-awards-2022/slj30h |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Umuziki we wasobanuwe cyane nka R&amp;amp;B, hamwe na jazz na hip hop . Avuga kandi ko umuziki nyafurika wagize ingaruka ku njyana ye. <ref name=":1"/> == Ubucukumbuzi == === Imizingo y'indirimbo === {| class="wikitable" !Umutwe ! Ibisobanuro |- | ''Monologues'' | * Yarekuwe: 5 Gicurasi 2022 * Ikirango: ARTium Entertainment LLC, Atlantic Recording Corporation * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |} == Reba == o3rj9y9jyc7tm4czstmu3l8cyfggd1c 0 21317 139142 135249 2026-09-23T02:42:04Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139142 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Omi | image = Omi.jpg | caption = Omi in 2012 | image_size = | birth_name = Omar Samuel Pasley | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|09|03}} | birth_place = [[Clarendon Parish, Jamaica|Clarendon]], Jamaica | occupation = Singer | years_active = 2011–present | genre = {{hlist|[[Reggae]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[reggae fusion]]}} | label = {{hlist|[[Ultra Music|Ultra]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]|[[Universal Music Group|Universal]]}} | associated_acts = [[Felix Jaehn]], [[Bob Sinclar]] }} Omar Samuel Pasley (wavutse ku ya 3 Nzeri 1986),<ref>{{cite web |date=30 July 2023 |title=Interview: Omi Says He is Not a Dancehall Artist, "I am a Musician, Singer-Songwriter" |url=https://worldmusicviews.com/interview-omi-says-he-is-not-a-dancehall-artist-i-am-a-musician-singer-songwriter/}}</ref> uzwi ku izina ry’ubuhanzi Omi (/ˈoʊmiː/ OH-mee), ni umuririmbyi wo muri Jamayika.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6605740/omi-pronunciation-poll|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627161409/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6605740/omi-pronunciation-poll|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 June 2015|title=How Do You Pronounce OMI?|date=23 June 2015|magazine=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|access-date=12 September 2015}}</ref> Yamenyekanye cyane muri 2012 kubera indirimbo ye "Cheerleader", verisiyo yasubiwemo ikamenyekana ku rwego rw’isi. Ubu yasinyanye na Ultra Music, igice cya Sony Music,<ref name="Jamaica Observer2">{{cite web |title=Omi's remix hits platinum |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Omi-s-remix-hits-platinum_18309836 |access-date=29 April 2015 |website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> kandi yarekuye alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Me 4 U'', muri 2015. == Umwuga == === Intangiriro === Omar Samuel Pasley yavukiye muri paruwasi ya Clarendon . Yashingiwe i [[Kingston]], nyuma yo kuvumburwa na Dancehall impresario Clifton Dillon (uzwi ku izina rya Specialist) maze asinyana na Oufah, ifatwa nkikirango cyigenga cya Jamayika. <ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |last=Joe Coscarelli |date=17 July 2015 |title=MI Soars With 'Cheerleader' Remix and Aims to Keep Riding High |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/18/arts/music/omi-soars-with-cheerleader-remix-and-aims-to-keep-riding-high.html?_r=1 |access-date=22 July 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Indirimbo ye ya mbere yafashwe amajwi ni "Guhagarara kuri Batatu" yasohokanye n'amashusho yindirimbo. OMI yari yarahimbye indirimbo ye yambere yise " Cheerleader " mu mwaka wa 2008. Amaherezo yaje kuyandika no kuyikora no kuyisohora mu mwaka wa 2012. Yasohowe muri Jamayika hamwe na videwo y’ingengo y’imari iciriritse, yerekana amashusho menshi muri Oregon mu rugendo rwa mbere OMI yagiriye muri Amerika, iba icyamamare muri Jamayika ndetse inamenyekana muri Hawaii no muri Dubai. Ntabwo yigeze asohora alubumu, OMI yashoye indirimbo zakunzwe cyane muri Jamayika nka "Fata Byoroshye", "Ibishashi byurufaya" (iherekejwe n'amashusho y'indirimbo) na "Ibara ry'iminwa yanjye", iyanyuma irimo Busy Signal, imbyino izwi cyane yo muri Jamayika, ska, n'umuhanzi wa reggae. === 2014 - ubungubu: ''Me 4 U.'' === Mu mwaka wa 2014, "Cheerleader" yabonye ubuzima bwa kabiri ubwo Patrick Moxey, perezida wa Ultra Music, ikirango cy'imbyino igice kimwe na Sony Music yumvise iyi ndirimbo maze arayikunda maze ayisubiramo ayitangaza nkindirimbo ibyinitse. Mu ntangiriro za 2014, Ultra Music yashyizeho remix ebyiri z’indirimbo, imwe ya Ricky Blaze indi ya Felix Jaehn, bikorwa n'umuhanzi utunganya indirimbo w’imyaka 20 w’umudage. Amaherezo, Ultra Music yahisemo inzu yo mu turere dushyuha ya "Cheerleader" nkuko byasubiwemo na Jaehn. Iyo yasubiwemo yabanje gukundwa cyane muri Suwede, amaherezo yemezwa inshuro 5 na platinum. Bidatinze, indirimbo yakwirakwijwe mu zindi mbonerahamwe z’i Burayi, cyane cyane Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani n'Ubudage. Yaje ku isonga mu bihugu byinshi by’Uburayi no muri Ositaraliya. Mu Bwongereza, OMI yakoze amateka ku ya 24 Gicurasi 2015, ubwo "Cheerleader" yaje ku mwanya wa mbere mu Bwongereza ku rutonde rw’abaseribateri mu cyumweru cya kane yikurikiranya, ibyo bikaba bibaye igihe kirekire gikurikiranye umuhanzi wo muri Jamayika wagize uwo mwanya ku mbonerahamwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2015 |title=OMI Makes UK History |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/OMI-MAKES-UK-HISTORY |access-date=30 May 2015 |website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> Muri Amerika, indirimbo yinjiye muri <nowiki><i id="mwOA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 muri Gicurasi 2015; nyuma yaje gukora umwanya wambere wa Hot 100 nyuma yibyumweru 12 mubishushanyo mbonera. Binyuze mukwigarurira umwanya wa mbere, OMI yaje kumenyekana kwisi yose. Ku ya 27 Kanama 2015, yasohoye indirimbo " Hula Hoop ". Yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Me 4 U'' ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2015. Iyi alubumu ikubiyemo indirimbo " Cheerleader ", " Hula Hoop ", "Kangura", na "Tera mu nyanja". == Ubucukumbuzi == === Album ya Studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:10em;" |Umutwe ! rowspan="2" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro ! colspan="7" scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:10em;" | Impamyabumenyi |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | AUS<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="AUS">{{Cite web |title=Discography Omi |url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Australian Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | URASHOBORA<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | DEN<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="DEN">{{Cite web |title=Discography Omi |url=https://danishcharts.dk/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Danish Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | FRA<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="FRA">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Omi |url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=French Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | SWE<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="SWE">{{Cite web |title=Discography Omi |url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Swedish Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | SWI<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="SWI">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Omi |url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Swiss Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | Amerika<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" | ''Me 4 U.'' | * Itariki yo gusohora: 16 Ukwakira 2015 * Imiterere: CD, gukuramo imibare * Ikirango: Ultra, Columbiya, Sony | 37 | 18 | 25 | 62 | 9 | 89 | 51 | * IFPI DEN : Zahabu * MC : Platinum * RIAA : Zahabu |} === Alubumu zasubiwemo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="1" style="width:10em;" |Umutwe ! rowspan="1" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro |- ! scope="row" | ''Me 4 U: Ibisubizo'' | * Itariki yo gusohora: 4 Werurwe 2016 * Imiterere: CD, gukuramo imibare * Ikirango: Ultra, Columbiya, Sony |} === Indirimbo yasohoye wenyine === ==== Nkumuhanzi uyobora ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Year ! colspan="10" scope="col" |Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |AUS<br /><br /><ref name="AUS"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |CAN<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |DEN<br /><br /><ref name="DEN"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FRA<br /><br /><ref name="FRA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |GER<br /><br /><ref name="GER">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Omi |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche/person-218225 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112729/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche/person-218225 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |access-date=15 June 2015 |publisher=German Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NL<br /><br /><ref name="NL">{{Cite web |title=Discografie Omi |url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Dutch Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWE<br /><br /><ref name="SWE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI<br /><br /><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |UK<br /><br /><ref name="UK">{{Cite web |title=OMI > UK Charts |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/45672/omi/ |website=Officialcharts.com/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" |"Cheerleader"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Felix Jaehn remix)</span> |2014 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 | * ARIA: 6× Platinum * BPI: 5× Platinum * BVMI: 4× Platinum * GLF: 7× Platinum * IFPI DEN: 4× Platinum * MC: Diamond<ref name="MC" /> * RIAA: 3× Platinum * SNEP: Diamond | rowspan="3" |''Me 4 U'' |- ! scope="row" |"Hula Hoop" |2015 |8 |19 |8 |67 |12 |20 |3 |37 |75 |—[A] | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA16s" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI" /> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> * GLF: 2× Platinum<ref name="GLF" /> * IFPI DEN: Platinum * MC: 2× Platinum |- ! scope="row" |"Drop in the Ocean"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[AronChupa]])}} |2016 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Masterpiece"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Felix Jaehn)</span><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2018 |title=Masterpiece – Single by Omi & Felix Jaehn on iTunes |url=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/masterpiece-single/1423302574 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817023427/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/masterpiece-single/1423302574 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=17 August 2018 |website=iTunes Store (AU)}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |2018 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="8" |Formula |- ! scope="row" |"As Long as I'm with You"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring CMC$)</span> |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Better for Ya" | rowspan="2" |2019 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"I Want You" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Bring My Baby Back" | rowspan="2" |2020 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Roller Coaster" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Party Like It's Your Birthday"<br /><br />{{Small|(with [[Studio Killers]])}} | rowspan="2" |2021 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Hello Hater"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring Bori)}} |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- | colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" |"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory. |} '''Inyandiko''' Indirimbo "Hula Hoop" ntiyigeze yinjira kurutonde rwa Billboard Hot 100 ariko yaje kumwanya wa 16 kurutonde rwa Bubbing under Hot 100 chart ==== Abandi bahanzi bafatanyije ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Umutwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Umwaka ! colspan="5" scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Impamyabumenyi ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | Ubwongereza<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="UK"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | IRE<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="IRE">{{Cite web |last=Hung |first=Steffen |title=Discography The Vamps |url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=The+Vamps |publisher=Irish Charts Portal. Hung Medien (Steffen Hung) |access-date=2025-11-17 |archive-date=2014-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419030407/http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=The+Vamps |url-status=dead}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | ITA<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | SCO ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | SWI<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="SWI"/> |- ! scope="row" | " Nabonye Umukobwa "<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Vamps irimo Omi)</span> | 2016 | 30 | 98 | - | 11 | - | * BPI: Ifeza | ''Kanguka'' |- ! scope="row" | "Ibihe"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Shaggy irimo Omi)</span> | rowspan="2" | 2017 | - | - | - | - | - || {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Nta na rimwe"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Marcus &amp;amp; Martinus urimo Omi)</span> | - | - | - | - | - | | ''Akanya'' |- ! scope="row" | " Jambo "<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Takagi & Ketra irimo Giusy Ferreri na Omi)</span> | 2019 | - | - | 1 | - | 11 | * FIMI : 4 × Platine * IFPI SWI: Platinum | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Ndi mu nzira yanjye"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Bob Sinclar irimo Omi)</span> | 2020 | - | - | - | - | - || {{TBA}} |- | colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | "-" bivuga ibyasohotse bitashushanyije cyangwa bitarekuwe muri kariya karere. |} == Ibihembo yatsindiye naho yahatannye == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ishyirahamwe ! Icyiciro ! Akazi ! Igisubizo |- | rowspan="5" | 2015 | Guhitamo Ingimbi | Hitamo Indirimbo | " Cheerleader "| {{Nom}} |- | MOBO Ibihembo | Amategeko meza ya Reggae | We ubwe| {{Nom}} |- | MTV Video Music Music Awards | Indirimbo yo mu mpeshyi | rowspan="2" | " Cheerleader "| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Igihembo cya NRJ | Indirimbo mpuzamahanga y'umwaka| {{Nom}} |- | Iterambere mpuzamahanga ryumwaka | We ubwe| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="1" | 2016 | rowspan="1" | Ibihembo byumuziki <nowiki><i id="mwAsc">wikilatini</i></nowiki> | Crossover Umuhanzi wumwaka | We ubwe|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya Radio Disney | Indirimbo y'umwaka | "Cheerleader"|{{nominated}} |- | Indirimbo Nziza Igutera Kumwenyura | "Cheerleader"|{{nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya <nowiki><i id="mwAtw">Billboard</i></nowiki> Music Awards | Umuhanzi mushya | We ubwe|{{nom}} |- | Indirimbo yo Kugurisha Hejuru | "Cheerleader"|{{nom}} |} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabahanzi bageze ku mwanya wa mbere muri Amerika == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] t0q96q2ggxj0c170s4ezrmtc7whcg2p 139485 139142 2026-09-23T09:50:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139485 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Omi | image = Omi.jpg | caption = Omi in 2012 | image_size = | birth_name = Omar Samuel Pasley | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1986|09|03}} | birth_place = [[Clarendon Parish, Jamaica|Clarendon]], Jamaica | occupation = Singer | years_active = 2011–present | genre = {{hlist|[[Reggae]]|[[Pop music|pop]]|[[reggae fusion]]}} | label = {{hlist|[[Ultra Music|Ultra]]|[[Columbia Records|Columbia]]|[[Sony Music Entertainment|Sony]]|[[Universal Music Group|Universal]]}} | associated_acts = [[Felix Jaehn]], [[Bob Sinclar]] }} Omar Samuel Pasley (wavutse ku ya 3 Nzeri 1986),<ref>{{cite web |date=30 July 2023 |title=Interview: Omi Says He is Not a Dancehall Artist, "I am a Musician, Singer-Songwriter" |url=https://worldmusicviews.com/interview-omi-says-he-is-not-a-dancehall-artist-i-am-a-musician-singer-songwriter/}}</ref> uzwi ku izina ry’ubuhanzi Omi (/ˈoʊmiː/ OH-mee), ni umuririmbyi wo muri Jamayika.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6605740/omi-pronunciation-poll|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627161409/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop-shop/6605740/omi-pronunciation-poll|url-status=dead|archive-date=27 June 2015|title=How Do You Pronounce OMI?|date=23 June 2015|magazine=Billboard|publisher=Prometheus Global Media|access-date=12 September 2015}}</ref> Yamenyekanye cyane muri 2012 kubera indirimbo ye "Cheerleader", verisiyo yasubiwemo ikamenyekana ku rwego rw’isi. Ubu yasinyanye na Ultra Music, igice cya Sony Music,<ref name="Jamaica Observer2">{{cite web |title=Omi's remix hits platinum |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/Omi-s-remix-hits-platinum_18309836 |access-date=29 April 2015 |website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> kandi yarekuye alubumu ye ya mbere, ''Me 4 U'', muri 2015. == Umwuga == === Intangiriro === Omar Samuel Pasley yavukiye muri paruwasi ya Clarendon. Yashingiwe i [[Kingston]], nyuma yo kuvumburwa na Dancehall impresario Clifton Dillon (uzwi ku izina rya Specialist) maze asinyana na Oufah, ifatwa nkikirango cyigenga cya Jamayika. <ref name="nyt">{{Cite news |last=Joe Coscarelli |date=17 July 2015 |title=MI Soars With 'Cheerleader' Remix and Aims to Keep Riding High |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/18/arts/music/omi-soars-with-cheerleader-remix-and-aims-to-keep-riding-high.html?_r=1 |access-date=22 July 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Indirimbo ye ya mbere yafashwe amajwi ni "Guhagarara kuri Batatu" yasohokanye n'amashusho yindirimbo. OMI yari yarahimbye indirimbo ye yambere yise " Cheerleader " mu mwaka wa 2008. Amaherezo yaje kuyandika no kuyikora no kuyisohora mu mwaka wa 2012. Yasohowe muri Jamayika hamwe na videwo y’ingengo y’imari iciriritse, yerekana amashusho menshi muri Oregon mu rugendo rwa mbere OMI yagiriye muri Amerika, iba icyamamare muri Jamayika ndetse inamenyekana muri Hawaii no muri Dubai. Ntabwo yigeze asohora alubumu, OMI yashoye indirimbo zakunzwe cyane muri Jamayika nka "Fata Byoroshye", "Ibishashi byurufaya" (iherekejwe n'amashusho y'indirimbo) na "Ibara ry'iminwa yanjye", iyanyuma irimo Busy Signal, imbyino izwi cyane yo muri Jamayika, ska, n'umuhanzi wa reggae. === 2014 - ubungubu: ''Me 4 U.'' === Mu mwaka wa 2014, "Cheerleader" yabonye ubuzima bwa kabiri ubwo Patrick Moxey, perezida wa Ultra Music, ikirango cy'imbyino igice kimwe na Sony Music yumvise iyi ndirimbo maze arayikunda maze ayisubiramo ayitangaza nkindirimbo ibyinitse. Mu ntangiriro za 2014, Ultra Music yashyizeho remix ebyiri z’indirimbo, imwe ya Ricky Blaze indi ya Felix Jaehn, bikorwa n'umuhanzi utunganya indirimbo w’imyaka 20 w’umudage. Amaherezo, Ultra Music yahisemo inzu yo mu turere dushyuha ya "Cheerleader" nkuko byasubiwemo na Jaehn. Iyo yasubiwemo yabanje gukundwa cyane muri Suwede, amaherezo yemezwa inshuro 5 na platinum. Bidatinze, indirimbo yakwirakwijwe mu zindi mbonerahamwe z’i Burayi, cyane cyane Ubufaransa, Ubutaliyani n'Ubudage. Yaje ku isonga mu bihugu byinshi by’Uburayi no muri Ositaraliya. Mu Bwongereza, OMI yakoze amateka ku ya 24 Gicurasi 2015, ubwo "Cheerleader" yaje ku mwanya wa mbere mu Bwongereza ku rutonde rw’abaseribateri mu cyumweru cya kane yikurikiranya, ibyo bikaba bibaye igihe kirekire gikurikiranye umuhanzi wo muri Jamayika wagize uwo mwanya ku mbonerahamwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2015 |title=OMI Makes UK History |url=http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/entertainment/OMI-MAKES-UK-HISTORY |access-date=30 May 2015 |website=Jamaica Observer}}</ref> Muri Amerika, indirimbo yinjiye muri <nowiki><i id="mwOA">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 muri Gicurasi 2015; nyuma yaje gukora umwanya wambere wa Hot 100 nyuma yibyumweru 12 mubishushanyo mbonera. Binyuze mukwigarurira umwanya wa mbere, OMI yaje kumenyekana kwisi yose. Ku ya 27 Kanama 2015, yasohoye indirimbo " Hula Hoop ". Yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Me 4 U'' ku ya 16 Ukwakira 2015. Iyi alubumu ikubiyemo indirimbo " Cheerleader ", " Hula Hoop ", "Kangura", na "Tera mu nyanja". == Ubucukumbuzi == === Album ya Studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" style="width:10em;" |Umutwe ! rowspan="2" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro ! colspan="7" scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:10em;" | Impamyabumenyi |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | AUS<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="AUS">{{Cite web |title=Discography Omi |url=http://australian-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Australian Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | URASHOBORA<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | DEN<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="DEN">{{Cite web |title=Discography Omi |url=https://danishcharts.dk/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Danish Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | FRA<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="FRA">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Omi |url=http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=French Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | SWE<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="SWE">{{Cite web |title=Discography Omi |url=http://swedishcharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Swedish Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | SWI<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="SWI">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Omi |url=http://hitparade.ch/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Swiss Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | Amerika<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" | ''Me 4 U.'' | * Itariki yo gusohora: 16 Ukwakira 2015 * Imiterere: CD, gukuramo imibare * Ikirango: Ultra, Columbiya, Sony | 37 | 18 | 25 | 62 | 9 | 89 | 51 | * IFPI DEN : Zahabu * MC : Platinum * RIAA : Zahabu |} === Alubumu zasubiwemo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="1" style="width:10em;" |Umutwe ! rowspan="1" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro |- ! scope="row" | ''Me 4 U: Ibisubizo'' | * Itariki yo gusohora: 4 Werurwe 2016 * Imiterere: CD, gukuramo imibare * Ikirango: Ultra, Columbiya, Sony |} === Indirimbo yasohoye wenyine === ==== Nkumuhanzi uyobora ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Year ! colspan="10" scope="col" |Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |AUS<br /><br /><ref name="AUS"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |CAN<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |DEN<br /><br /><ref name="DEN"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |FRA<br /><br /><ref name="FRA"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |GER<br /><br /><ref name="GER">{{Cite web |title=Discographie Omi |url=https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche/person-218225 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913112729/https://www.offiziellecharts.de/suche/person-218225 |archive-date=13 September 2018 |access-date=15 June 2015 |publisher=German Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |NL<br /><br /><ref name="NL">{{Cite web |title=Discografie Omi |url=http://dutchcharts.nl/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Omi |publisher=Dutch Charts Portal. Hung Medien}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWE<br /><br /><ref name="SWE"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |SWI<br /><br /><ref name="SWI"/> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |UK<br /><br /><ref name="UK">{{Cite web |title=OMI > UK Charts |url=http://www.officialcharts.com/artist/45672/omi/ |website=Officialcharts.com/ |publisher=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" |"Cheerleader"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Felix Jaehn remix)</span> |2014 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 |1 | * ARIA: 6× Platinum * BPI: 5× Platinum * BVMI: 4× Platinum * GLF: 7× Platinum * IFPI DEN: 4× Platinum * MC: Diamond<ref name="MC" /> * RIAA: 3× Platinum * SNEP: Diamond | rowspan="3" |''Me 4 U'' |- ! scope="row" |"Hula Hoop" |2015 |8 |19 |8 |67 |12 |20 |3 |37 |75 |—[A] | * ARIA: Platinum<ref name="ARIA16s" /> * BPI: Silver<ref name="BPI" /> * BVMI: Gold<ref name="BVMI" /> * GLF: 2× Platinum<ref name="GLF" /> * IFPI DEN: Platinum * MC: 2× Platinum |- ! scope="row" |"Drop in the Ocean"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring [[AronChupa]])}} |2016 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Masterpiece"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(with Felix Jaehn)</span><ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2018 |title=Masterpiece – Single by Omi & Felix Jaehn on iTunes |url=https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/masterpiece-single/1423302574 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817023427/https://itunes.apple.com/au/album/masterpiece-single/1423302574 |archive-date=17 August 2018 |access-date=17 August 2018 |website=iTunes Store (AU)}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |2018 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="8" |Formula |- ! scope="row" |"As Long as I'm with You"<br /><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(featuring CMC$)</span> |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Better for Ya" | rowspan="2" |2019 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"I Want You" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Bring My Baby Back" | rowspan="2" |2020 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Roller Coaster" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Party Like It's Your Birthday"<br /><br />{{Small|(with [[Studio Killers]])}} | rowspan="2" |2021 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Hello Hater"<br /><br />{{Small|(featuring Bori)}} |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- | colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" |"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory. |} '''Inyandiko''' Indirimbo "Hula Hoop" ntiyigeze yinjira kurutonde rwa Billboard Hot 100 ariko yaje kumwanya wa 16 kurutonde rwa Bubbing under Hot 100 chart ==== Abandi bahanzi bafatanyije ==== {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" border="1" style="text-align:center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:14em;" |Umutwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Umwaka ! colspan="5" scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Impamyabumenyi ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | Ubwongereza<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="UK"/> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | IRE<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="IRE">{{Cite web |last=Hung |first=Steffen |title=Discography The Vamps |url=http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=The+Vamps |publisher=Irish Charts Portal. Hung Medien (Steffen Hung) |access-date=2025-11-17 |archive-date=2014-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419030407/http://irish-charts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=The+Vamps |url-status=dead}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | ITA<br /><br /><br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | SCO ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | SWI<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref name="SWI"/> |- ! scope="row" | " Nabonye Umukobwa "<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Vamps irimo Omi)</span> | 2016 | 30 | 98 | - | 11 | - | * BPI: Ifeza | ''Kanguka'' |- ! scope="row" | "Ibihe"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Shaggy irimo Omi)</span> | rowspan="2" | 2017 | - | - | - | - | - || {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Nta na rimwe"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Marcus &amp;amp; Martinus urimo Omi)</span> | - | - | - | - | - | | ''Akanya'' |- ! scope="row" | " Jambo "<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Takagi & Ketra irimo Giusy Ferreri na Omi)</span> | 2019 | - | - | 1 | - | 11 | * FIMI : 4 × Platine * IFPI SWI: Platinum | {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" |"Ndi mu nzira yanjye"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">( Bob Sinclar irimo Omi)</span> | 2020 | - | - | - | - | - || {{TBA}} |- | colspan="14" style="text-align:center; font-size:8pt;" | "-" bivuga ibyasohotse bitashushanyije cyangwa bitarekuwe muri kariya karere. |} == Ibihembo yatsindiye naho yahatannye == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Ishyirahamwe ! Icyiciro ! Akazi ! Igisubizo |- | rowspan="5" | 2015 | Guhitamo Ingimbi | Hitamo Indirimbo | " Cheerleader "| {{Nom}} |- | MOBO Ibihembo | Amategeko meza ya Reggae | We ubwe| {{Nom}} |- | MTV Video Music Music Awards | Indirimbo yo mu mpeshyi | rowspan="2" | " Cheerleader "| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | Igihembo cya NRJ | Indirimbo mpuzamahanga y'umwaka| {{Nom}} |- | Iterambere mpuzamahanga ryumwaka | We ubwe| {{Nom}} |- | rowspan="1" | 2016 | rowspan="1" | Ibihembo byumuziki <nowiki><i id="mwAsc">wikilatini</i></nowiki> | Crossover Umuhanzi wumwaka | We ubwe|{{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya Radio Disney | Indirimbo y'umwaka | "Cheerleader"|{{nominated}} |- | Indirimbo Nziza Igutera Kumwenyura | "Cheerleader"|{{nominated}} |- | rowspan="2" | 2016 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya <nowiki><i id="mwAtw">Billboard</i></nowiki> Music Awards | Umuhanzi mushya | We ubwe|{{nom}} |- | Indirimbo yo Kugurisha Hejuru | "Cheerleader"|{{nom}} |} == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabahanzi bageze ku mwanya wa mbere muri Amerika == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] 4lom4e14pw7r08m0hr8vik8berhm0dn 0 21324 139060 135689 2026-09-23T02:27:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139060 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jayson Andrew "Mick" Jenkins''' (yavutse ku wa 16 Mata 1991) ni umuraperi wo muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] uba i Chicago, kandi ukorera munsi y’inzu itunganya umuziki ya Cinematic. Yamenyekanye cyane binyuze mu mushinga we ''Water'' wasohotse muri 2014, hakurikiraho umuzingo mugufi w'indirimbo ''Waves'' muri 2015. == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Jenkins yavukiye i Huntsville, muri Alabama . Nyuma yo gutandukana n'ababyeyi be, yimukiye i Chicago, muri Illinois ari kumwe na nyina na mushiki we afite imyaka icyenda. Nkumwana, Jenkins yayobowe cyane nababyeyi be bakunda umuziki. Nyina yumvaga Neo-soul, mugihe se yakundaga umuziki w'Imana wo muri iki gihe . Igihe Jenkins yari afite imyaka 17 gusa, yatangiye kujya afungura indangururamajwi muri Young Chicago Authors, ihuza abanditsi bato. Mick Jenkins yize muri Hirsch Metropolitan High, aho yatangiye kwitabira ibigeragezo by'agashinyaguro ku ishuri ryigisha amategeko muri iryo shuri mu 2008. Amahirwe aboneye, yaje kuba umunyeshuri wimenyereza umwuga mu rukiko rw'inyubako nkuru ya Dirksen i Chicago. Jenkins yarangije amasomo ye mu by'amategeko mu mwaka wa 2009, ubwo yabaga uwimenyereza umwuga muri Sir & Madame, iduka ry'imyenda, maze muri make aba umuntu wifuza kwerekana imideli. Nyuma muri 2009, yasubiye i Huntsville kwiga muri kaminuza ya Oakwood, nyuma afungwa iminsi 34 ashinjwa amakosa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Charity |first=Justin |date=August 19, 2015 |title=Mick Jenkins Is the Reluctant Voice of Conscious Rap |url=http://www.complex.com/music/2015/08/mick-jenkins-waves-interview |access-date=September 17, 2018 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> Oakwood ni ishuri ryigenga ryifatanije n’itorero [[Idini ry'Abadivantitsi b'umunsi wa Karindwi|ry’Abadiventisti bo ku munsi wa karindwi]] . Mu mwaka wa kabiri wa Jenkins ku ishuri, yinjiye mu marushanwa ya rap, aho igihembo cyari Udukoresho tw’amatwi tw'umuziki twa Beats By Dre. Jenkins ntabwo yatsinze iri rushanwa, ariko avuga ko byamuteye kuvumbura ishyaka ryo gukora umuziki. Jenkins yaje kuva muri Oakwood nyuma yuko se abuze akazi ku ishuri, bivuze ko amashuri ataragikomeje. Jenkins avuga ko yasohoye imvange zindirimbo eshanu akiri muri kaminuza, nubwo nyuma yaje kuzirengagiza akazikura kuri interineti. ''Mickstape'' hamwe na ''Gukurikirana Ibyishimo: Inkuru ya MickalasCage'', zo ziracyaboneka. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Galil |first=Leor |title=Mick Jenkins raps because black lives matter |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/mick-jenkins-waters-cinematic-waves-mixtape-trees-truths/Content?oid=17102864 |access-date=May 10, 2018 |work=Chicago Reader |language=en |archive-date=June 30, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180630080831/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/mick-jenkins-waters-cinematic-waves-mixtape-trees-truths/Content?oid=17102864 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2012, Jenkins yemeye icyaha aregwa cyo gutunga urumogi. <ref name="arrest">{{Cite news |last=Kot |first=Greg |title=Chicago rapper Mick Jenkins figures out how to rise above |url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/music/kot/ct-mick-jenkins-interview-chicago-rap-the-waters-ott-1002-20150928-column.html |access-date=September 17, 2018 |work=chicagotribune.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yaje gufungwa iminsi 34 muri Alabama, mbere yo gusubira i Chicago kwibanda ku muziki. <ref name="arrest" /> == Umwuga wa muzika == === 2012–2013: Intangiriro yumwuga, ''Ibiti & Ukuri'', hamwe nuruvange === Ku ya 13 Mutarama 2012, Jenkins yasohoye imvange ye ya mbere yemewe, ''The Mickstape'' , ikurikirwa na ''The Pursuit of HappyNess: The Story of Mickalascage'' muri Kanama Muri 2012, Jenkins yasubiye i Chicago maze yinjira muri YCA (Young Chicago Authors), <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 6, 2014 |title=Mick Jenkins Talks 'The Water[s]' Mixtape & Premieres 'Who Else' Song: Exclusive |url=https://www.billboard.com/music/rb-hip-hop/mick-jenkins-talks-the-waters-mixtape-premieres-who-else-song-6077567/ |access-date=September 23, 2015 |publisher=Billboard}}</ref> itsinda ry’imivugo, aho yaririmbiye umurongo wa mbere utazirwa nka akapera. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2016)">citation needed</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> Ibi byatumye abahanzi bafata amajwi baho, hamwe numuyobozi witsinda rya Pivot Gang rya Chicago, Saba bamwitondera. Bombi bahise bakorana mundirimbo, yitwa ''Heaux'', yari igenewe umushinga wa Mick Jenkins, ariko barangije bagaragara kuri mvanjye ya Saba ''GETCOMFORTable'' (2012). <ref>{{Cite web |title=GETCOMFORTable |url=https://genius.com/albums/Saba/Getcomfortable |website=Genius |publisher=Genius Media Group}}</ref> Jenkins yabaye kandi umwe mu bagize itsinda rya hip-hop, ryitwa Free Nation. Abandi banyamuryango barimo Prop, J-Stock, Burman, na Maine Uwera. Igihugu cyigenga ni "itsinda rya hip hop riteza imbere ibitekerezo byo guhanga utakiriye ibitekerezo bigufi byashyizweho nububasha". <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins – Cinematic Music Group |url=http://cinematicworldwide.com/roster/mick-jenkins/ |access-date=September 17, 2018 |website=cinematicworldwide.com |language=en-US |archive-date=September 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180917182228/http://cinematicworldwide.com/roster/mick-jenkins/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Mata 2013, Jenkins yasohoye imvange ''ye y'ibiti &amp;amp; Ukuri'' . Kaseti yahise ikundwa cyane mu karere, irimo umusaruro jazz, ibivugwa muri [[Bibiliya]], hamwe n'indirimbo ye ikabije. Nyuma y'amezi make gusa irekuwe, ubufatanye hagati ye na bagenzi be b'abaraperi ba Chicago Chance The Rapper na Vic Mensa bwaje mu ndirimbo imwe ''Crossroads'' imwe, iyi ndirimbo kandi yarashimwe cyane kandi yakirwa neza. === 2014–2015: ''Amazi'' ''n'imiraba'' === [[Dosiye:Mick_Jenkins_(rapper)_2015.jpg|thumb|Jenkins (ibumoso) muri 2015]] Muri Nyakanga 2014, Jenkins yagarutsweho cyane nyuma y’isohoka ry’indirimbo ye ndetse n’amashusho yitwa ''abahowe'' ''Imana'', ibyo bikaba byaragaragazaga ubushishozi ku kuri gukabije kw’umuryango hamwe n’ifata ryiza. Indirimbo ikangura ibitekerezo yari ifite ubutumwa ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa imbunda, intambara hagati y'umutimanama we no gutsinda gushya, ndetse n'ubwana bwe bw’imivurungano i Chicago. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Thank God For The Water[s]: Speaking With Mick Jenkins |url=http://potholesinmyblog.com/thank-god-for-the-waters-speaking-with-mick-jenkins/2/ |website=potholesinmyblog.com |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2014-10-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141025111348/http://potholesinmyblog.com/thank-god-for-the-waters-speaking-with-mick-jenkins/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''Abahowe Imana'' yoboye abantu bakomeye mu muryango wa hip-hop nka Timbaland, kugira ngo bagere kandi bashimire Jenkins impano ye ya muzika ndetse n’amagambo akomeye. Ku ya 12 Kanama, Jenkins yashyize ahagaragara umushinga we, ''Amazi ,'' kugira ngo ashimwe. Ugereranyije indi mishinga yagiye asohora, ''Amazi'' yibanze ku gitekerezo cyo kugereranya amazi nukuri kwubuzima. ] [ 4 <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 27, 2014 |title=Mick Jenkins Impresses With Sophomore Mixtape 'The Water[s]' – XXL |url=http://www.xxlmag.com/rap-music/reviews/2014/08/mick-jenkins-the-waters-mixtape-review/ |access-date=September 23, 2015 |publisher=Xxlmag.com}}</ref> ​ Urugendo rwe rwa mbere rwemewe rwabaye muri Gashyantare 2015 hamwe Knight, Noname na Saba . Yifatanyije kandi na Joey Bada $$ na Denzel Curry mu cyiciro cya 1 cyuruzinduko rwabo ku isi. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === 2016: ''Ibice bikiza'' === Ku ya 17 Kanama 2016, Mick Jenkins yasohoye indirimbo ya mbere muri alubumu ye ya mbere yari itegerejwe cyane, ''Spread Love'' . Ku ya 25 Kanama 2016, Jenkins yasohoye indirimbo ye ya kabiri ya alubumu yise "Kurohama", igaragaramo igikoresho cyakozwe na quartet ya jazz ikorera mu mujyi wa Toronto BADBADNOTGOOD . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins – Drowning feat. BADBADNOTGOOD |url=https://soundcloud.com/redbullsoundselect/mick-jenkins-drowning-feat-badbadnotgood}}</ref> Indirimbo ivuga mu buryo butaziguye urupfu rwa Eric Garner, umwirabura wanizwe n'abapolisi. Iyi alubumu, ''The Healing Component'', yasohotse ku ya 23 Nzeri 2016. Indirimbo nyinshi ziri kuri alubumu zirimo intore na outros hamwe n'ibiganiro byerekeranye n'urukundo n'umugore uvuga inkuru, mushiki we. <ref>{{Cite news |title=In These Heavy Times, Mick Jenkins Wants Us To Start Really Talking About Love |url=http://www.thefader.com/2016/09/23/mick-jenkins-the-healing-component-interview |access-date=May 9, 2018 |work=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> ''Healing Component'', mu magambo ahinnye ya THC, yerekana insanganyamatsiko yurukundo muri alubumu. Kuva ku kwikunda kugeza kuburambe bwurukundo, ahuza uburyo butandukanye urukundo rushobora gufata. === 2017–2020: ''Cyangwa'' Urukurikirane rw'imizingo y'indirimbo migufi, ''Ibice byumugabo'' na ''sirusi'' === Ku ya 21 Ugushyingo 2017, Mick Jenkins yasohoye ''Cyangwa Ibindi; Amaganya'', imvange ya mbere mu ruhererekane rw'imishinga Jenkins asobanura ko ari "urukurikirane rw'umushinga urimo ibitekerezo n'ibitekerezo bya muzika birimo gutera inkunga alubumu." <ref>{{Cite web |title=or more; the anxious |url=https://soundcloud.com/mickjenkins/sets/or-more-the-anxious |access-date=May 29, 2019 |website=SoundCloud |language=en}}</ref> Imvange ya kabiri murukurikirane, ''Cyangwa Birenzeho; Kwiheba'', yasohotse ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |title=or more; the frustration |url=https://soundcloud.com/mickjenkins/sets/or-more-the-frustration |access-date=May 29, 2019 |website=SoundCloud |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 26 Ukwakira, alubumu ye ya kabiri ya studio, ''Piece of a Man'', yashyizwe ahagaragara. Indirimbo ya mbere ya alubumu, " Yumviswe <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 22, 2018 |title=Mick Jenkins & Ghostface Killah Spread The Message On "Padded Locks" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/mick-jenkins-and-ghostface-killah-spread-the-message-on-padded-locks-new-song.1980753.html |access-date=May 29, 2019 |website=HotNewHipHop |archive-date=June 8, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608173008/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/mick-jenkins-and-ghostface-killah-spread-the-message-on-padded-locks-new-song.1980753.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> ku ya 12 Ukwakira <ref>{{Cite web |date=October 12, 2018 |title=Mick Jenkins - "Understood" (Prod. Kaytranada) |url=https://www.stereogum.com/2018564/mick-jenkins-understood-prod-kaytranada/music/ |access-date=May 29, 2019 |website=Stereogum}}</ref> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2019)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup> === 2021: ''Inzovu mu cyumba'' === Ku ya 8 Ukwakira 2021, Mick Jenkins yatangaje alubumu ye ya gatatu yari yitezwe yise ''Inzovu mu Cyumba'', yasohotse ku ya 29 Ukwakira. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-08 |title=Mick Jenkins Announces New Album Elephant in the Room, Shares Video for New Song |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/mick-jenkins-announces-new-album-elephant-in-the-room-shares-video-for-new-song-watch/ |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=Pitchfork |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-06-23 |title=Mick Jenkins drops new single "Truffles": Stream |url=https://consequence.net/2021/06/mick-jenkins-truffles-stream/ |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=Consequence |language=en-US}}</ref> mbere, "Truffles" yasohotse ku ya 23 Kamena 2021. Indirimbo ya nyuma ya alubumu "Scottie Pippen" yasohotse ku ya 22 Ukwakira <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins Drops New Single "Contacts," Announces New Album and Shares Tracklist |url=https://www.complex.com/music/mick-jenkins-drops-new-single-contacts-announces-new-album |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-10-22 |title=Mick Jenkins Drops Off "Scottie Pippen" Ahead Of New Album, "Elephant In The Room" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/mick-jenkins-drops-off-scottie-pippen-ahead-of-new-album-elephant-in-the-room-new-song.1993043.html |access-date=2021-10-25 |website=HotNewHipHop |language=en |archive-date=2021-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024105449/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/mick-jenkins-drops-off-scottie-pippen-ahead-of-new-album-elephant-in-the-room-new-song.1993043.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> === 2023: ''Kwihangana'' === Ku ya 7 Nyakanga 2023, Jenkins yatangaje alubumu ye ya kane ''Yihangana'', asohora indirimbo yayobowe na JID "Smoke Break-Dance" kuri uwo munsi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pope |first=Cervanté |date=July 7, 2023 |title=Mick Jenkins Announces New Album The Patience, Shares JID Collab "Smoke Break-Dance": Stream |url=https://consequence.net/2023/07/mick-jenkins-the-patience-jid-smoke-break-dance-stream/ |access-date=7 July 2023 |website=Consequence of Sound}}</ref> Iyi alubumu yerekanye ko yasohotse bwa mbere nyuma yo kuva muri Groupe yumuziki ya Cinematike, ubu akaba akora kubufatanye na RBC Records na BMG . Indirimbo ya kabiri ya alubumu, "Guapanese" yasohotse ku ya 28 Nyakanga 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fu |first=Eddie |date=2023-07-28 |title=Mick Jenkins Shares New Song "Guapanese," Patience Tracklist |url=https://consequencesound.com/2023/07/mick-jenkins-guapanese-stream/ |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=[[Consequence (publication)|Consequence]] |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231122212749/https://consequencesound.com/2023/07/mick-jenkins-guapanese-stream/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2025: ''andika ubusa'', ''Ibiteye ubwoba'' ''n'ubwicanyi bw'inkongoro'' === Ku ya 16 Mutarama 2025, Jenkins yasohoye ''umuzingo mugufi andika umwanda'', gusa kurubuga rwa muzika kumurongo. Uwo muzingo watumye rap ya Jenkins y "ubwoko bwa beats" yisanga kuri YouTube, maze asobanura inzira iri inyuma yo gusohora, avuga ko umushahara muto abahanzi bakura ku mbuga za muzika . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins {{!}} Out now on @even.biz #linkinbio type shit: this project for me is sort of an "it is what it is" statement. And what it is, is fucked up.... |url=https://www.instagram.com/mickjenkins/p/DE38OiExijP/ |access-date=17 January 2025 |website=Instagram}}</ref> Yagaragaje kandi ko ari intangiriro y "icyiciro gikurikira muri muzika", asezeranya umuziki n’ibirimo kuzagera mu 2025. Nyuma y’amezi arindwi, Jenkins yasohoye indirimbo ebyiri zitwa ''Scarecrows'', zigizwe n’ubufatanye na Smino na Ab-Soul . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Horvath |first=Zachary |date=August 25, 2025 |title=Mick Jenkins Is Looking To Strike Fear Into His Opponents On "Scarecrows" Two Pack |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/934895-mick-jenkins-scarecrows-stream |access-date=2 October 2025 |website=HotNewHipHop}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == === Album za studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Urutonde rwa alubumu, hamwe na alubumu irambuye hamwe nimbonerahamwe yatoranijwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:16em;" | Umutwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Ibisobanuro bya Album ! colspan="3" scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe |- ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | Amerika<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins – Chart history – Billboard |url=http://www.billboard.com/artist/6436000/mick-jenkins/chart?f=305 |website=www.billboard.com |access-date=2025-11-19 |archive-date=2016-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161019100448/http://www.billboard.com/artist/6436000/mick-jenkins/chart?f=305 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | Amerika<nowiki><br id="mwAS8"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki> R <nowiki>&</nowiki>amp; B / HH<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins – R&B/HH Chart history – Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/mick-jenkins/chart-history/blp/ |website=www.billboard.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:3em;font-size:90%;" | Amerika<nowiki><br id="mwATc"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki> Rap<br /><br /><br /><br /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins – Rap Chart history – Billboard |url=https://www.billboard.com/artist/mick-jenkins/chart-history/rlp/ |website=www.billboard.com}}</ref> |- ! scope="row" | ''Ikiza''<br /><br /><br /><br /> | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 23 Nzeri 2016 * Akarango: Sinema * Imiterere: LP, gukuramo imibare, gutambuka | 110 | 9 | 6 |- ! scope="row" | ''Ibice by'umugabo''<br /><br /><br /><br /> | * Yarekuwe: 26 Ukwakira 2018 * Akarango: Sinema * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera | - | - | - |- ! scope="row" | ''Inzovu mucyumba''<br /><br /><br /><br /> | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 29 Ukwakira 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Mick Jenkins - Elephant In the Room |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/elephant-in-the-room/1588805439 |access-date=October 29, 2021 |publisher=[[Apple Music]] |archive-date=October 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029174956/https://music.apple.com/us/album/elephant-in-the-room/1588805439 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Akarango: Igihugu cyubuntu, Sinema * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera | - | - | - |- ! scope="row" | ''Kwihangana'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 18 Kanama 2023 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Simon |first=Scott |date=August 19, 2023 |title=Mick Jenkins on his latest album 'The Patience' |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/08/19/1194846105/mike-jenkins-on-his-latest-album-the-patience |access-date=19 August 2023 |website=NPR |publisher=[[NPR]]}}</ref> * Ikirango: RBC / BMG * Imiterere: CD, LP, gukuramo imibare, gutembera | - | - | - |- ! scope="row" | ''Ubwicanyi bw'Inkona''<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(hamwe na Emil)</small> | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 19 Nzeri 2025 * Akarango: Yirekuye * Imiterere: gukuramo imibare, gutambuka | - | - | - |- |} === Imizingo migufi y'indirimbo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" |Umutwe ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Ibisobanuro bya EP |- ! scope="row" | ''Umuhengeri'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 21 Kanama 2015 * Imiterere: LP, gukuramo imibare, gutambuka |- ! scope="row" | ''Cyangwa Birenzeho; Abahangayitse'' | * Yarekuwe: 22 Ugushyingo 2017 * Imiterere: gukuramo imibare |- ! scope="row" | ''Cyangwa Ibindi ... Kwiheba'' | * Yarekuwe: 24 Gashyantare 2018 * Imiterere: gukuramo imibare |- ! scope="row" | ''Sirus'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 10 Mutarama 2020 * Imiterere: gukuramo imibare, gutambuka |- ! scope="row" | ''andika shit'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 16 Mutarama 2025 * Imiterere: gukuramo imibare |} === Imvange === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" style="width:11em;" |Umutwe ! scope="col" style="width:18em;" | Ibisobanuro bya Album |- ! scope="row" | ''Mickstape'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 13 Mutarama 2012 * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital |- ! scope="row" | ''Gukurikirana IbyishimoNess: Inkuru ya Mickalascage.'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 5 Kanama 2012 * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital |- ! scope="row" | ''Ibiti &amp;amp; Ukuri'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 25 Mata 2013 * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital |- ! scope="row" | ''Amazi'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 12 Kanama 2014 * Imiterere: LP, gukuramo imibare, gutambuka |- |} === Ingaragu === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;" |+Urutonde rwubuseribateri, hamwe no kwerekana umwaka wasohotse, nizina rya alubumu ! scope="col" style="width:20em;" | Umutwe ! scope="col" style="width:1em;" | Umwaka ! scope="col" style="width:10em;" | Album |- ! scope="row" | "Gukwirakwiza Urukundo" | rowspan="2" | 2016 | rowspan="2" | ''Ikiza'' |- ! scope="row" | "Kurohama"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(hagaragaramo BadBadNotGood )</span> |- ! scope="row" | "Cool"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(hamwe na Alex Wiley na Calez)</span> | rowspan="4" | 2018|rowspan="3" {{Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" | "Bruce Banner" |- ! scope="row" | "Ndi iki?" |- ! scope="row" | "Byumvikane" | ''Ibice by'umugabo'' |- ! scope="row" | "imbere" | 2020| {{Non-album single}} |- ! scope="row" | "Imitego" | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | ''Inzovu mucyumba'' |- ! scope="row" | "Twandikire" |- ! scope="row" | "Scottie Pippen" |- ! scope="row" | "Umwotsi wo Kunywa Umwotsi"<br /><br /><br /><br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(irimo JID )</span> | rowspan="2" | 2023 | rowspan="2" | ''Kwihangana'' |- ! scope="row" | "Guapanese" |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] h5yzdbygy5carjgbuoc5aa9xgjlsv82 0 21336 139056 127408 2026-09-23T02:17:17Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139056 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Little Simz | image = SimbiAjikawo-TIFF2025-01-Cropped.png | alt = | caption = Simz at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival | birth_name = Simbiatu Abisola Abiola Ajikawo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|02|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Islington]], London, England | alias = Simbi, Simz | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|songwriter|actress}} | years_active = 2010–present | genre = [[British hip hop]] | label = {{hlist|Age 101 Music|[[AWAL]]}} | associated_acts = | website = {{URL|littlesimz.com}} | module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes | signature = Little Simz sig.svg | signature_size = 60px }} }} '''Simbiatu “Simbi” Abisola Abiola Ajikawo<ref>{{Cite web |title=BMI – Repertoire Search |url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1543368&subid=0 |website=Repertoire.bmi.com |access-date=2025-11-22 |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607131332/http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1543368&subid=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Little Simz |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3787576/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=IMDb |language=en}}</ref>''' (wavutse ku ya 23 Gashyantare 1994), <ref name=":1" /> Yamenyekanye cyane ku izina rye ryambere '''Little Simz,''' ni umwongerezakazi uririmbi injyana na rap hamwe numukinnyi wa filime. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ni umuhanzikazi wamenyekanye cyane binyuze mu mizingo ye itatu ya mbere yakoze ku giti cye: '''Curious Tales of Trials + Persons (2015)''', '''Stillness in Wonderland (2016)''', na '''Gray Area (2019)'''. Uyu wa nyuma washyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibihembo bya '''Mercury Prize''', kandi utsindira ibihembo bya '''Ivor Novello''' mu cyiciro cya Alubumu Nziza, ndetse unabona intsinzi muri '''NME Awards'''. Alubumu ye ya kane, ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' (2021), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ankrah |first=Veracia |date=1 December 2021 |title=Exclaim!'s 50 Best Albums of 2021 |url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/best_albums_of_2021 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=[[Exclaim!]]}} * {{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=Clash Albums Of The Year 2021 |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/clash-albums-of-the-year-2021 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]}} * {{Cite news |last=McCormick |first=Neil |date=17 December 2021 |title=The 10 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/10-best-albums-2021/ |access-date=11 February 2022 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} * {{Cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=The 40 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/albums-of-the-year-2021-b1978598.html |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}} * {{Cite web |title=The Best Albums of 2021 Ranked |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articles/best-albums-2021-ranked |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=[[The Line of Best Fit]] |language=en}}</ref> Yakunzwe cyane n’inzobere mu muziki, kandi ibinyamakuru bitandukanye byayigaragaje nk’iyo hejuru mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=Mercury Prize: Rapper Little Simz wins album of the year award |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-63296907 |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref> Iyi alubumu yegukanye igihembo cya '''Mercury Prize 2022''',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Madden |first=Emma |date=1 September 2021 |title=Little Simz's Big Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/arts/music/little-simzs-introvert.html |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> inatuma nyirayo ahabwa '''Brit Award y’Umuhanzi mushya w’umwaka 2022''' ndetse na '''Libera Award yo muri Hip-Hop/Rap.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2022 |title=Little Simz on the power of being true to who you are: 'How I choose to present myself is up to me' |url=https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/little-sims-interview |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=Glamour UK |language=en-GB}}</ref>''' Album ye gatanu , <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Oya Urakoze</i></nowiki> (2022), yasohotse kugirango ashimwe. Mu 2024, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo " Turasenga " ya Coldplay, ari kumwe na Burna Boy, Elyanna, na Tini . Alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio, ''Lotus'', yasohotse ku ya 6 Kamena 2025. Hanze yumuziki, Ajikawo yakinnye muri Netflix yububyutse ikinamico ''Top Boy'' . Yagaragaye kandi nka we muri filime ''Venom: Reka habeho ubwicanyi'' (2021). == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Ajikawo yavukiye Islington, London, ku babyeyi ba Nigeriya . <ref name=":2"/> Yakuriye mu isambu hamwe na bashiki be bakuru. <ref name="Guardian1">{{Cite news |last=Aroesti |first=Rachel |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAroesti2022">Aroesti, Rachel (11 February 2022). [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium "Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2020 |title=Little Simz |url=https://notion.online/little-simz/ |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=Notion |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="Red Bull">{{Cite web |last=Ekanayake |first=Manu |date=10 December 2016 |title=Who is… Little Simz? |url=http://www.redbull.com/gb-en/little-simz-need-to-know-interview |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=Red Bull}}</ref> Nyina na we yari umurezi mu bwana bwe. <ref name="Guardian1" /> Ni ubwoko bwa Yoruba . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Day |first=Peter |date=26 April 2023 |title=Rap virtuoso Little Simz says "No thank you" to exploitive record companies on her new album |url=https://www.wyso.org/arts-culture/2023-04-26/rap-virtuoso-little-simz-says-no-thank-you-to-exploitive-record-companies-on-her-new-album |access-date=27 March 2024 |publisher=[[WYSO]] |quote=[...]and Yoruba background,[...]}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri rya Highbury Fields i Londres kandi yiga no mu rubyiruko rw’urubyiruko rwa St Mary mu Muhanda wo hejuru, Islington, ari kumwe na Leona Lewis na Alexandra Burke . Ajikawo yashimiye Club y'urubyiruko ya Mary uruhare yagize mu mwuga we, avuga ko ari "ahantu byose byatangiriye kuri njye home inzu ya kabiri". <ref name="Guardian1"/> Nyuma Ajikawo yize muri Westminster Kingsway College na kaminuza ya West London <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=Little Simz Turned Confusion into Her Bravest Work So Far |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/little-simz-grey-area-interview-2019/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> aho yakomereje umwuga we wa muzika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Double MOBO nominations – Westminster Kingsway College |url=http://www.westking.ac.uk/news/double-mobo-nominations-former-westminster-kingsway-college-student/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318091912/http://www.westking.ac.uk/news/double-mobo-nominations-former-westminster-kingsway-college-student/ |archive-date=18 March 2017 |access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Asobanura umuziki we nka rap nubushakashatsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Introducing and AIF presents...Lil Simz |url=http://www.wikifestivals.com/content/bbc-introducing-and-aif-presentslil-simz |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Wikifestivals.com}}</ref> Mu gihe afitanye isano rya hafi n’ubwoko bwa grime, yanakuye imbaraga mu zindi njyana zirimo reggae, blues, synth-rock na jazzy R&B. <ref name="Guardian12">{{Cite news |last=Aroesti |first=Rachel |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Ajikawo yakuze yumva abahanzi ba rap Busta Rhymes, Nas na Biggie Smalls, byamuteye gukora umwuga wo gufata rap. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madden |first=Emma |date=1 August 2021 |title=Little Simz's Big Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/arts/music/little-simzs-introvert.html |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> yakunze kuvugwa nkimwe mubintu byamugizeho ingaruka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Simz |url=https://brickthemag.com/blogs/archive/little-simz |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=BRICK |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423175712/https://brickthemag.com/blogs/archive/little-simz |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2019 |title=Little Simz interview: 'If you get offended by me, that's on you' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/little-simz-interview-rapper-new-album-grey-area-chronixx-lauryn-hill-a8803316.html |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Ajikawo yagize ati "Ndatekereza ko ''Miseducation ya Lauryn Hill'' yari amashuri yanjye rwose. Lauryn Hill yari umwe mu bahanzi ba mbere batumye numva imbaraga z'umuziki." <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gentlewoman – Little Simz |url=https://thegentlewoman.co.uk/library/little-simz |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=thegentlewoman.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Yakuye kandi imbaraga ku bahanzi ba jazz Nina Simone, John Coltrane na Billie Holiday kuri alubumu ye ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' . Ibindi byamuteye inkunga harimo ikigirwamana cye Kendrick Lamar, wamwitaga "umuntu mubi ubikora ubu" mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=MistaJam Speaks To Kendrick Lamar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZsK8mw4VzM |publisher=BBC Radio 1Xtra |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Umuziki === ==== 2015–2017: Intangiriro yumwuga ''nigitekerezo cyamatsiko yikigeragezo + Abantu'' no ''gutuza muri Wonderland'' ==== [[Dosiye:Little_Simz,_Seat_Village_stage_5.jpg|thumb|Gito Simz kuri Primavera Ijwi 2019]] [[Dosiye:Little_Simz_-_Openair_Frauenfeld_2019_05.jpg|thumb|Gito Simz ikora muri 2019]] Ajikawo yakoreye ibitaramo muri Rising Tide, iluvlive, Gufata Inganda (Iterambere ry’imijyi) Ingoma ya Hackney, <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Radio 1's Hackney Weekend 2012 – Acts – Lil Simz |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/e9wmxj/acts/a336v2 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Inzu ya Somerset n'inzu ya ba nyagasani . <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Single of The Week: Lil Simz – Eastern Jam (Freestyle) &#124; MOBO Awards |url=http://mobo.com/news-blogs/single-of-the-week-lil-simz-eastern-jam-freestyle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002103057/http://mobo.com/news-blogs/single-of-the-week-lil-simz-eastern-jam-freestyle |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Mobo.com}}</ref> Yakinnye kandi muri BBC 1Xtra Prom 2015 muri Royal Albert Hall, ari kumwe na orchestre yuzuye iyobowe na Jules Buckley . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 3 – BBC Proms, 2015 Season, 1Xtra Prom – Credits |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b065yp93#credits |website=BBC}}</ref> Ajikawo arashobora kumvikana kuri ''Leave to Remain'' amashusho yindirimbo, akora indirimbo "Kureka Nukwo". <ref name="leave2remainlil">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2012 |title=Production Blog 2: Lil Simz |url=http://www.leave2remain.org/2012/11/production-blog-2-lil-simz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415061741/http://www.leave2remain.org/2012/11/production-blog-2-lil-simz/ |archive-date=15 April 2013 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Leave2remain.org }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. Leave2remain.org. 4 December 2012. Archived from on 15 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mu ntangiriro za 2013, yagaragaye kuri Radiyo BBC 1Xtra kugira ngo aganire ku mikorere ye muri weekend ya Hackney . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 1Xtra – Adele Roberts, Little Simz comes by for a Brew 4 Two |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rft58 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ajikawo yagiye gukora isomo rya Maida Vale kuri Huw Stephens . Yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere muri studio, ''Amatsiko Y’ibigeragezo + Abantu'', ku ya 18 Nzeri 2015. ==== 2018–2021: ''Agace keza'', ''Kamanuka 6'' kandi ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' ==== Ajikawo asohora umuziki we ''kumyaka ye bwite yumuziki 101'' Yanditseho umuziki hamwe na AWAL Recordings . <ref name="Guardian1"/> Ku ya 6 Nzeri 2018, Ajikawo na label ye AGE 101 basinyanye amasezerano n’isi yose na AWAL Recordings, <ref>{{Cite web |title=AWAL Announces Worldwide Partnership Deal With Little Simz |url=https://www.awal.com/press/announces-worldwide-partnership-little-simz |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=AWAL |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008132724/https://www.awal.com/press/announces-worldwide-partnership-little-simz |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyuma yuko AWAL imaze gukwirakwiza alubumu ye ya mbere yise "Amatsiko y’amatsiko y’ibigeragezo + abantu" mu 2015. Aya masezerano yongerewe ku ya 18 Kamena 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2020 |title=AWAL renews worldwide partnership with British rapper Little Simz |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/awal-renews-worldwide-partnership-with-british-rapper-little-simz/ |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Music Business Worldwide |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ajikawo aba i Londres. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Segalov |first=Michael |date=15 December 2019 |title=Sunday with Little Simz: 'I want to be inside and cosy' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/dec/15/sunday-with-little-simz-rapper-i-want-to-be-inside-and-cosy |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ni inshuti yo mu bwana bwumukinnyi Fady Elsayed numukinnyi wa filime Letitia Wright . <ref name="Guardian1"/> Ajikawo na Wright bakomeje kuba inshuti nziza kandi Ajikawo yafotoye Wright kubera ibihangano by'indirimbo ye yise "Kwikunda" mu mwaka wa <ref name="Guardian1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2019 |title=The 20 best songs of 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191220-the-20-best-songs-of-2019 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Bbc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dash |first=Danielle |date=24 December 2019 |title=There's No Stopping Simbi |url=https://trenchtrenchtrench.com/features/little-simz-interview-1 |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=Trenchtrenchtrench.com}}</ref> Ajikawo numufana wa Arsenal FC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/littlesimz/p/DJCqN4Giqjm/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Muri 2018 inshuti ye, umunyamideli Harry Uzoka, yarishwe, byamuteye inkunga yo kwandika indirimbo ye "Ibikomere". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohdin |first=Aamna |date=21 September 2018 |title=Model jailed for murdering fashion rival in row over girlfriend |url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/21/model-george-koh-jailed-for-murdering-fashion-rival-harry-uzoka-in-row-over-girlfriend |access-date=23 December 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Gukina == Umwuga we wo gukina wa Ajikawo watangiriye akina ari Vicky mu kiganiro cy’abana ba BBC cyitwa <nowiki><i id="mwAgQ">Spirit Warriors</i></nowiki>, cyatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2010, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2009 |title=Bo and the Spirit World casting news |url=https://screenterrier.blogspot.com/2009/05/bo-and-spirit-world-casting-news.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708063014/http://screenterrier.blogspot.com/2009/05/bo-and-spirit-world-casting-news.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=1 December 2010 |publisher=ScreenTerrier}}</ref> ndetse na Meleka muri televiziyo ya E4 ''Youngers'' . <ref name="leave2remainlil"/> Yavugaga kuri televiziyo ''Afrofuturism'', <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2019 |title=Top Boy series three trailer: Dave and Little Simz join cast |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-47784979 |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> na Shelley mu isubukurwa rya Netflix rya ''Top'' ''Boy'', ryerekanwe bwa mbere mu mpeshyi ya 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstead |first=Al |date=1 October 2023 |title=So... Little Simz features in the new Venom movie at a "coming out" rave |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/little-simz-features-new-venom-movie-coming-out-rave-tom-hardy/13566740 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=triple j |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == '''Album za studio''' * ''Amatsiko Yamatsiko Yibigeragezo + Abantu'' (2015) * ''Gutuza muri Wonderland'' (2016) * ''Agace k'imvi'' (2019) * ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' (2021) * ''Oya Urakoze'' (2022) * ''Lotusi'' (2025) == Ingendo == * IMYAKA101 SHAKA ISI (2015) * Murakaza neza kuri Wonderland (2017–2018) * Urugendo rw'akarere keza (2019) * Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore (2021) * NTA MURAKOZE (2023) * Lotusi (2025) == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Filime & Televiziyo ! Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2010 | ''Abarwanyi b'Umwuka'' | Vicky | Urukurikirane rwa BBC |- | 2012 | ''Indwara'' | Abakekwaho urubyiruko kuri Gariyamoshi (Lil Simz) | |- | 2013 | ''Nyamwasa'' | Meleka | E4 urukurikirane |- | 2019–2023 | ''Umuhungu wo hejuru'' | Shelley | Urukurikirane rwa Netflix |- | 2021 | ''Venom: Reka habeho ubwicanyi'' | We ubwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstead |first=Al |date=1 October 2021 |title=So... Little Simz features in the new Venom movie at a "coming out" rave |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/musicnews/little-simz-features-new-venom-movie-coming-out-rave-tom-hardy/13566740 |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=triple j |language=en}}</ref> | Cameo |- | 2023 | ''Imbaraga'' | Adunola | Uruhare rusubirwamo |- | 2024 | ''RM: Abantu beza, Ahantu habi'' | We ubwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daly |first=Rhian |date=6 December 2024 |title=‘RM: Right People, Wrong Place’ review: a deep dive into the BTS rapper’s sublime second solo album |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/film-reviews/rm-right-people-wrong-place-review-bts-3819540 |website=[[NME]] |language=en}}</ref> | Filime ya documentaire |- | 2025 | ''Steve'' | Shola | |} == Ibihembo naho yatoranyijwe == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:95%;" ! style="width:21%;" |Award ! width="3%" |Year ! style="width:25%;" |Category ! style="width:29%;" |Nominated work ! style="width:8%;" |Result ! style="width:3%;" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |AIM Independent Music Awards |2016 |Independent Album of the Year |''A Curious Tale Of Trials + Persons'' | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gumble |first=Daniel |date=2 August 2016 |title=AIM Awards 2016 shortlist revealed |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/aim-awards-2016-shortlist-revealed/065541 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Music Week}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |Best Second Album |''Stillness in Wonderland'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paine |first=Andre |date=8 August 2017 |title=2017 AIM Awards nominations revealed |url=https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/2017-aim-awards-nominations-revealed/069401 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Music Week}}</ref> |- |Hardest Working Band or Artist |Herself | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |Best Independent Track |"Selfish" | {{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2019 |title=AIM Independent Music Awards 2019 – The Nominees |url=https://www.propermusicgroup.com/2019/07/aim-independent-music-awards-2019-the-nominees/ |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Proper Music Group}}</ref> |- |Best Independent Album |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} |- |Pioneer Award |Herself | {{won}} |- |2023 |Best Independent Album |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Daisy |date=19 July 2023 |title=AIM Awards Announce 2023 Nominees List, Including Raye, Little Simz And Ezra Collective |url=https://diymag.com/news/aim-awards-announce-2023-nominees-including-raye-little-simz-ezra-collective |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=[[DIY (magazine)|DIY]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BBC Radio 1 |2021 |Hottest Record of the Year |"Introvert" |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 1 - Radio 1's Future Sounds with Clara Amfo - Radio 1's Hottest Record of the Year 2021 - Vote for your favourite! |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/LzRtNrs5gtFJWKJQV1KZzQ/radio-1s-hottest-record-of-the-year-2021-vote-for-your-favourite |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |Berlin Music Video Awards |2022 |Best Art Director |"Woman" |{{Nominated}} | |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BET Awards |2022 |Best International Act |Herself | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cummings-Grady |first=Mackenzie |date=2022-06-01 |title=BET Awards 2022 Nominees Revealed: Drake, Kendrick Lamar, and More {{!}} Complex |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2022-bet-award-nominations |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Complex}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BET Hip Hop Awards |2021 |Best International Flow |Herself | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 BET Hip Hop Awards: The Full Winners List [Live Updating] |url=https://www.bet.com/article/df3eez/2021-bet-hip-hop-awards-the-full-winners-list |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=BET.com |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301204638/https://www.bet.com/article/df3eez/2021-bet-hip-hop-awards-the-full-winners-list |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |Brit Awards | rowspan="4" |2022 |British Artist of the Year | rowspan="3" |Herself | {{nom}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=BRIT Awards 2022 nominations in full: Adele, Dave, Ed Sheeran and Little Simz lead with four each |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/brit-awards-2022-nominations-in-full-adele-dave-ed-sheeran-and-little-simz-lead-with-four-each__34736/ |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=Official Charts}}</ref> |- |Best New Act | {{won}} |- |Best Hip Hop/Rap/Grime Act | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |British Album of the Year |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''No Thank You'' |{{nominated}} | rowspan="3" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brit Awards nominations 2024: The full list of artists, songs and albums up for awards this year |url=https://news.sky.com/story/brit-awards-nominations-2024-the-full-list-of-artists-songs-and-albums-up-for-awards-this-year-13055465 |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sky News}}</ref> |- |British Artist of the Year | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{nominated}} |- |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Act |{{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |Hollywood Independent Music Awards |2024 |Adult Contemporary Hip Hop |"Gorilla" |{{Nominated}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Nominations Table &#124; Hollywood Independent Music Awards |url=https://himawards.com/2024-nominations-table/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=Himawards.com}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |IMPALA Awards |2019 |Album of the Year |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="IMPALA19">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2020 |title=22 Nominees Shortlisted For Impala's European Independent Album Of The Year Award |url=https://www.impalamusic.org/22-nominees-shortlisted-for-impalas-european-independent-album-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=February 6, 2024 |website=Impalamusic.org}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" |Ivor Novello Awards |2020 | rowspan="2" |Best Album |''Grey Area'' | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=2 September 2020 |title=Little Simz and Dave among winners at Ivor Novello Awards 2020 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/little-simz-and-dave-among-winners-of-ivor-novello-awards-2020-2743540 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Carl |date=7 April 2022 |title=Ivor Novello Awards 2022: Adele, Ed Sheeran, Dave and Inflo lead list of nominations |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/ivor-novello-awards-2022-adele-ed-sheeran-dave-and-inflo-lead-list-of-nominations__35678/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |website=Official Charts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rhian |first=Daly |date=19 May 2022 |title=Sam Fender, Dave, Little Simz and more win at The Ivors 2022 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/sam-fender-dave-little-simz-more-win-the-ivors-2022-3229592 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520041132/https://www.nme.com/news/music/sam-fender-dave-little-simz-more-win-the-ivors-2022-3229592 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Best Contemporary Song |"I Love You, I Hate You" | {{won}} |- |2023 |Best Album |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunworth |first=Liberty |date=19 April 2023 |title=Arctic Monkeys, Florence + The Machine, Harry Styles lead 2023 Ivor Novello nominations |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/arctic-monkeys-florence-the-machine-harry-styles-lead-2023-ivor-novello-nominations-3432545 |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Libera Awards |2021 |Best Hip-Hop/Rap Record |''Drop 6'' |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | |- |2022 |Best Hip-Hop/Rap Record |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aswad |first=Jem |date=23 March 2022 |title=Japanese Breakfast, Jason Isbell, Arlo Parks Lead Indie-Music Collective A2IM's 2022 Libera Awards Nominees |url=https://variety.com/2022/music/news/japanese-breakfast-indie-a2im-2022-libera-awards-1235212419/ |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Mercury Prize |2019 | rowspan="2" |Album of the Year |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Edelstone |first=Steven |last2=Manno |first2=Lizzie |date=25 July 2019 |title=2019 Mercury Prize Nominations Announced: Predictions, Snubs and More |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2019/07/mercury-prize-2019.html |access-date=29 July 2019 |work=Paste Magazine}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surej |date=2022-07-26 |title=Mercury Prize 2022 shortlist revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mercury-prize-2022-shortlist-nominations-3277014 |work=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="14" scope="row" |MOBO Awards | rowspan="2" |2017 |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2017 |title=2017 MOBO Awards Nominations Announced! |url=https://www.mobo.com/news/2017-mobo-awards-nominations-announced |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=Mobo.com}}</ref> |- |Best Hip Hop Act | {{nom}} |- |2020 |Best Album (2017–2019) |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2020 |title=MOBO Awards 2020: See The Full List Of Nominees! |url=http://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-2020-see-full-list-nominees |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=MOBO}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{won}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The MOBO Awards Announce Their 2021 Nominees {{!}} MOBO Organisation |url=https://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-announce-their-2021-nominees |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=mobo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2021 |title=Mobo awards 2021: Dave, Little Simz and Ghetts top winners |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/dec/05/mobo-awards-2021-dave-little-simz-and-ghetts-top-winners |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> |- |Best Hip Hop Act |{{nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Woman" |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2022 |Album of the Year |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tony |date=11 November 2022 |title=MOBOs 2022: Nova Twins, Little Simz and FKA twigs among nominees |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/check-out-the-nominees-for-the-mobo-awards-2022-3347586 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krol |first=Charlotte |date=1 December 2022 |title=MOBO Awards 2022: Little Simz, Knucks, Central Cee, PinkPantheress and Jamal Edwards among winners |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mobo-awards-2022-little-simz-knucks-central-cee-pinkpantheress-and-jamal-edwards-among-winners-3358838 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nom}} |- |Best Hip-Hop Act | {{nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Point and Kill" {{Small|(featuring Obongjayar)}} | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2023 |Album of the Year |''No Thank You'' | {{nominated}} | rowspan="4" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |date=14 December 2023 |title=Little Simz and Stormzy top 2024 Mobo award nominations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/dec/14/little-simz-and-stormzy-top-2024-mobo-award-nominations |access-date=14 December 2023 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |- |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nominated}} |- |Best Hip Hop Act | {{won}} |- |Video of the Year |"Gorilla" | {{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |MTV Europe Music Awards |2023 |Best Video |"Gorilla" |{{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=4 October 2023 |title=MTV EMAs 2023 nominations revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mtv-emas-2023-nominations-revealed-3509145 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=NME}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |NME Awards | rowspan="2" |2020 |Best British Album | rowspan="2" |''Grey Area'' | {{won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NME Awards 2020 Winners |url=https://www.nme.com/awards/winners |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Album in the World | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2022 |Best Album in the World | rowspan="2" |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trendell |first=Andrew |date=27 January 2022 |title=BandLab NME Awards 2022: Full list of nominations revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/bandlab-nme-awards-2022-full-list-of-nominations-3147154 |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Album by a UK Artist | {{nom}} |- |Best Solo Act in the World | rowspan="3" |Herself | {{nom}} |- |Best Solo Act from the UK | {{won}} |- |Best Live Act | {{nom}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |South African Hip Hop Awards |2021 |Best International Act |Herself |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=3 November 2021 |title=SA Hip Hop Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-hip-hop-awards-2021-all-nominees |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=Music In Africa}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="22" scope="row" |UK Music Video Awards |2018 |Best Dance Video - UK |"Garage Palace" <small>(with Gorillaz)</small> | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2018 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2018: all the nominations! |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2018/09/27/uk-music-video-awards-2018-all-nominations/55245 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=Promonews.tv |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2021 |Best Hip Hop / Grime / Rap Video - UK | rowspan="3" |"Introvert" |{{nom}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Music Video Awards 2021: all the nominations for this year's UKMVAs {{!}} News {{!}} Promonews |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2021/09/29/uk-music-video-awards-2021-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/73077 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Promonewstv |language=en}}</ref> |- |Best Editing in a Video |{{won}} |- |Best Choreography in a Video |{{nom}} |- |Best Wardrobe Styling in a Video | rowspan="2" |"Woman" |{{nom}} |- |Best Hair & Make-up in a Video |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Video - UK | rowspan="5" |"Point and Kill" {{Small|(featuring [[Obongjayar]])}} | {{won}} | rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2022: all the nominations for this year's UKMVAs |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2022/09/28/uk-music-video-awards-2022-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/78564 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=Promonews.tv}}</ref> |- |Best Wardrobe Styling in a Video | {{won}} |- |Best Hair & Make-up in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Color Grading in a Video | {{won}} |- |Best Special Video Project |"I Love You, I Hate You" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Video - UK | rowspan="4" |"Gorilla" | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malt |first=Andy |date=28 September 2023 |title=UK Music Video Award Nominations 2023 |url=https://completemusicupdate.com/uk-music-video-award-nominations-2023/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Complete Music Update}}</ref> |- |Best Performance in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Production Design in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Special Video Project |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2025 | rowspan="2" |Best Hip Hop / Grime / Rap Video – UK |"Young" | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2025 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2025 nominations announced awards ceremony |url=https://www.music-news.com/news/Underground/184577/UK-Music-Video-Awards-2025-nominations-announced-awards-ceremony |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=Music News}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |"Flood" {{Small|(featuring Obongjayar & Moonchild Sanelly)}} | {{nom}} |- |Best Performance in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Choreography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] injku4hucrf6igtmxnvrsxwq1wynyec 139486 139056 2026-09-23T09:50:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139486 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Little Simz | image = SimbiAjikawo-TIFF2025-01-Cropped.png | alt = | caption = Simz at the 2025 Toronto International Film Festival | birth_name = Simbiatu Abisola Abiola Ajikawo | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|02|23|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Islington]], London, England | alias = Simbi, Simz | occupation = {{hlist|Rapper|songwriter|actress}} | years_active = 2010–present | genre = [[British hip hop]] | label = {{hlist|Age 101 Music|[[AWAL]]}} | associated_acts = | website = {{URL|littlesimz.com}} | module = {{Infobox person|embed=yes | signature = Little Simz sig.svg | signature_size = 60px }} }} '''Simbiatu “Simbi” Abisola Abiola Ajikawo<ref>{{Cite web |title=BMI – Repertoire Search |url=http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1543368&subid=0 |website=Repertoire.bmi.com |access-date=2025-11-22 |archive-date=2020-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200607131332/http://repertoire.bmi.com/Catalog.aspx?detail=writerid&page=1&fromrow=1&torow=25&keyid=1543368&subid=0 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Little Simz |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3787576/ |access-date=2022-03-01 |website=IMDb |language=en}}</ref>''' (wavutse ku ya 23 Gashyantare 1994), <ref name=":1" /> Yamenyekanye cyane ku izina rye ryambere '''Little Simz,''' ni umwongerezakazi uririmbi injyana na rap hamwe numukinnyi wa filime. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ni umuhanzikazi wamenyekanye cyane binyuze mu mizingo ye itatu ya mbere yakoze ku giti cye: '''Curious Tales of Trials + Persons (2015)''', '''Stillness in Wonderland (2016)''', na '''Gray Area (2019)'''. Uyu wa nyuma washyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibihembo bya '''Mercury Prize''', kandi utsindira ibihembo bya '''Ivor Novello''' mu cyiciro cya Alubumu Nziza, ndetse unabona intsinzi muri '''NME Awards'''. Alubumu ye ya kane, ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' (2021), <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ankrah |first=Veracia |date=1 December 2021 |title=Exclaim!'s 50 Best Albums of 2021 |url=https://exclaim.ca/music/article/best_albums_of_2021 |access-date=11 January 2022 |website=[[Exclaim!]]}} * {{Cite web |date=16 December 2021 |title=Clash Albums Of The Year 2021 |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/features/clash-albums-of-the-year-2021 |access-date=2022-02-11 |website=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]}} * {{Cite news |last=McCormick |first=Neil |date=17 December 2021 |title=The 10 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/music/what-to-listen-to/10-best-albums-2021/ |access-date=11 February 2022 |work=[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]] |language=en-GB |issn=0307-1235}} * {{Cite web |date=22 December 2021 |title=The 40 best albums of 2021 |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/albums-of-the-year-2021-b1978598.html |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=[[The Independent]] |language=en}} * {{Cite web |title=The Best Albums of 2021 Ranked |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/features/articles/best-albums-2021-ranked |access-date=11 February 2022 |website=[[The Line of Best Fit]] |language=en}}</ref> Yakunzwe cyane n’inzobere mu muziki, kandi ibinyamakuru bitandukanye byayigaragaje nk’iyo hejuru mu 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 October 2022 |title=Mercury Prize: Rapper Little Simz wins album of the year award |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-63296907 |access-date=18 October 2022 |website=BBC News |language=en}}</ref> Iyi alubumu yegukanye igihembo cya '''Mercury Prize 2022''',<ref>{{Cite news |last=Madden |first=Emma |date=1 September 2021 |title=Little Simz's Big Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/arts/music/little-simzs-introvert.html |access-date=1 March 2022 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> inatuma nyirayo ahabwa '''Brit Award y’Umuhanzi mushya w’umwaka 2022''' ndetse na '''Libera Award yo muri Hip-Hop/Rap.<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2022 |title=Little Simz on the power of being true to who you are: 'How I choose to present myself is up to me' |url=https://www.glamourmagazine.co.uk/article/little-sims-interview |access-date=1 March 2022 |website=Glamour UK |language=en-GB}}</ref>''' Album ye gatanu, <nowiki><i id="mwQQ">Oya Urakoze</i></nowiki> (2022), yasohotse kugirango ashimwe. Mu 2024, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo " Turasenga " ya Coldplay, ari kumwe na Burna Boy, Elyanna, na Tini. Alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio, ''Lotus'', yasohotse ku ya 6 Kamena 2025. Hanze yumuziki, Ajikawo yakinnye muri Netflix yububyutse ikinamico ''Top Boy''. Yagaragaye kandi nka we muri filime ''Venom: Reka habeho ubwicanyi'' (2021). == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Ajikawo yavukiye Islington, London, ku babyeyi ba Nigeriya. <ref name=":2"/> Yakuriye mu isambu hamwe na bashiki be bakuru. <ref name="Guardian1">{{Cite news |last=Aroesti |first=Rachel |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAroesti2022">Aroesti, Rachel (11 February 2022). [https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium "Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 January 2020 |title=Little Simz |url=https://notion.online/little-simz/ |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=Notion |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref name="Red Bull">{{Cite web |last=Ekanayake |first=Manu |date=10 December 2016 |title=Who is… Little Simz? |url=http://www.redbull.com/gb-en/little-simz-need-to-know-interview |access-date=14 January 2017 |website=Red Bull}}</ref> Nyina na we yari umurezi mu bwana bwe. <ref name="Guardian1" /> Ni ubwoko bwa Yoruba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Day |first=Peter |date=26 April 2023 |title=Rap virtuoso Little Simz says "No thank you" to exploitive record companies on her new album |url=https://www.wyso.org/arts-culture/2023-04-26/rap-virtuoso-little-simz-says-no-thank-you-to-exploitive-record-companies-on-her-new-album |access-date=27 March 2024 |publisher=[[WYSO]] |quote=[...]and Yoruba background,[...]}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri rya Highbury Fields i Londres kandi yiga no mu rubyiruko rw’urubyiruko rwa St Mary mu Muhanda wo hejuru, Islington, ari kumwe na Leona Lewis na Alexandra Burke. Ajikawo yashimiye Club y'urubyiruko ya Mary uruhare yagize mu mwuga we, avuga ko ari "ahantu byose byatangiriye kuri njye home inzu ya kabiri". <ref name="Guardian1"/> Nyuma Ajikawo yize muri Westminster Kingsway College na kaminuza ya West London <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 March 2019 |title=Little Simz Turned Confusion into Her Bravest Work So Far |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/little-simz-grey-area-interview-2019/ |access-date=2022-03-06 |website=Vice.com |language=en}}</ref> aho yakomereje umwuga we wa muzika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Double MOBO nominations – Westminster Kingsway College |url=http://www.westking.ac.uk/news/double-mobo-nominations-former-westminster-kingsway-college-student/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170318091912/http://www.westking.ac.uk/news/double-mobo-nominations-former-westminster-kingsway-college-student/ |archive-date=18 March 2017 |access-date=17 March 2017}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Asobanura umuziki we nka rap nubushakashatsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Introducing and AIF presents...Lil Simz |url=http://www.wikifestivals.com/content/bbc-introducing-and-aif-presentslil-simz |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Wikifestivals.com}}</ref> Mu gihe afitanye isano rya hafi n’ubwoko bwa grime, yanakuye imbaraga mu zindi njyana zirimo reggae, blues, synth-rock na jazzy R&B. <ref name="Guardian12">{{Cite news |last=Aroesti |first=Rachel |date=11 February 2022 |title=Little Simz's long path from council estate to Brit awards podium |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2022/feb/11/little-simzs-long-path-from-council-estate-to-brit-awards-podium |access-date=12 February 2022 |work=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> Ajikawo yakuze yumva abahanzi ba rap Busta Rhymes, Nas na Biggie Smalls, byamuteye gukora umwuga wo gufata rap. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Madden |first=Emma |date=1 August 2021 |title=Little Simz's Big Moment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/09/01/arts/music/little-simzs-introvert.html |access-date=19 January 2023 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> yakunze kuvugwa nkimwe mubintu byamugizeho ingaruka. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Little Simz |url=https://brickthemag.com/blogs/archive/little-simz |access-date=19 January 2023 |website=BRICK |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240423175712/https://brickthemag.com/blogs/archive/little-simz |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 March 2019 |title=Little Simz interview: 'If you get offended by me, that's on you' |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/little-simz-interview-rapper-new-album-grey-area-chronixx-lauryn-hill-a8803316.html |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=The Independent |language=en}}</ref> Ajikawo yagize ati "Ndatekereza ko ''Miseducation ya Lauryn Hill'' yari amashuri yanjye rwose. Lauryn Hill yari umwe mu bahanzi ba mbere batumye numva imbaraga z'umuziki." <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Gentlewoman – Little Simz |url=https://thegentlewoman.co.uk/library/little-simz |access-date=19 February 2023 |website=thegentlewoman.co.uk |language=en}}</ref> Yakuye kandi imbaraga ku bahanzi ba jazz Nina Simone, John Coltrane na Billie Holiday kuri alubumu ye ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore''. Ibindi byamuteye inkunga harimo ikigirwamana cye Kendrick Lamar, wamwitaga "umuntu mubi ubikora ubu" mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2015 |title=MistaJam Speaks To Kendrick Lamar |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZsK8mw4VzM |publisher=BBC Radio 1Xtra |via=YouTube}}</ref> == Umwuga == === Umuziki === ==== 2015–2017: Intangiriro yumwuga ''nigitekerezo cyamatsiko yikigeragezo + Abantu'' no ''gutuza muri Wonderland'' ==== [[Dosiye:Little_Simz,_Seat_Village_stage_5.jpg|thumb|Gito Simz kuri Primavera Ijwi 2019]] [[Dosiye:Little_Simz_-_Openair_Frauenfeld_2019_05.jpg|thumb|Gito Simz ikora muri 2019]] Ajikawo yakoreye ibitaramo muri Rising Tide, iluvlive, Gufata Inganda (Iterambere ry’imijyi) Ingoma ya Hackney, <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Radio 1's Hackney Weekend 2012 – Acts – Lil Simz |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/events/e9wmxj/acts/a336v2 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=BBC}}</ref> Inzu ya Somerset n'inzu ya ba nyagasani. <ref>{{Cite web |date=n.d. |title=Single of The Week: Lil Simz – Eastern Jam (Freestyle) &#124; MOBO Awards |url=http://mobo.com/news-blogs/single-of-the-week-lil-simz-eastern-jam-freestyle |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002103057/http://mobo.com/news-blogs/single-of-the-week-lil-simz-eastern-jam-freestyle |archive-date=2 October 2015 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Mobo.com}}</ref> Yakinnye kandi muri BBC 1Xtra Prom 2015 muri Royal Albert Hall, ari kumwe na orchestre yuzuye iyobowe na Jules Buckley. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 3 – BBC Proms, 2015 Season, 1Xtra Prom – Credits |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b065yp93#credits |website=BBC}}</ref> Ajikawo arashobora kumvikana kuri ''Leave to Remain'' amashusho yindirimbo, akora indirimbo "Kureka Nukwo". <ref name="leave2remainlil">{{Cite web |date=4 December 2012 |title=Production Blog 2: Lil Simz |url=http://www.leave2remain.org/2012/11/production-blog-2-lil-simz/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130415061741/http://www.leave2remain.org/2012/11/production-blog-2-lil-simz/ |archive-date=15 April 2013 |access-date=22 April 2013 |publisher=Leave2remain.org }}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">. Leave2remain.org. 4 December 2012. Archived from on 15 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite></ref> Mu ntangiriro za 2013, yagaragaye kuri Radiyo BBC 1Xtra kugira ngo aganire ku mikorere ye muri weekend ya Hackney. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 1Xtra – Adele Roberts, Little Simz comes by for a Brew 4 Two |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01rft58 |website=BBC}}</ref> Ajikawo yagiye gukora isomo rya Maida Vale kuri Huw Stephens. Yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere muri studio, ''Amatsiko Y’ibigeragezo + Abantu'', ku ya 18 Nzeri 2015. ==== 2018–2021: ''Agace keza'', ''Kamanuka 6'' kandi ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' ==== Ajikawo asohora umuziki we ''kumyaka ye bwite yumuziki 101'' Yanditseho umuziki hamwe na AWAL Recordings. <ref name="Guardian1"/> Ku ya 6 Nzeri 2018, Ajikawo na label ye AGE 101 basinyanye amasezerano n’isi yose na AWAL Recordings, <ref>{{Cite web |title=AWAL Announces Worldwide Partnership Deal With Little Simz |url=https://www.awal.com/press/announces-worldwide-partnership-little-simz |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=AWAL |language=en |archive-date=8 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211008132724/https://www.awal.com/press/announces-worldwide-partnership-little-simz |url-status=dead }}</ref> nyuma yuko AWAL imaze gukwirakwiza alubumu ye ya mbere yise "Amatsiko y’amatsiko y’ibigeragezo + abantu" mu 2015. Aya masezerano yongerewe ku ya 18 Kamena 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 June 2020 |title=AWAL renews worldwide partnership with British rapper Little Simz |url=https://www.musicbusinessworldwide.com/awal-renews-worldwide-partnership-with-british-rapper-little-simz/ |access-date=23 July 2021 |website=Music Business Worldwide |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ajikawo aba i Londres. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Segalov |first=Michael |date=15 December 2019 |title=Sunday with Little Simz: 'I want to be inside and cosy' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/dec/15/sunday-with-little-simz-rapper-i-want-to-be-inside-and-cosy |access-date=23 December 2020 |website=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> Ni inshuti yo mu bwana bwumukinnyi Fady Elsayed numukinnyi wa filime Letitia Wright. <ref name="Guardian1"/> Ajikawo na Wright bakomeje kuba inshuti nziza kandi Ajikawo yafotoye Wright kubera ibihangano by'indirimbo ye yise "Kwikunda" mu mwaka wa <ref name="Guardian1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 December 2019 |title=The 20 best songs of 2019 |url=https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20191220-the-20-best-songs-of-2019 |access-date=2023-11-25 |website=Bbc.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dash |first=Danielle |date=24 December 2019 |title=There's No Stopping Simbi |url=https://trenchtrenchtrench.com/features/little-simz-interview-1 |access-date=19 February 2022 |website=Trenchtrenchtrench.com}}</ref> Ajikawo numufana wa Arsenal FC <ref>{{Cite web |title=Instagram |url=https://www.instagram.com/littlesimz/p/DJCqN4Giqjm/ |access-date=2025-05-13 |website=www.instagram.com}}</ref> Muri 2018 inshuti ye, umunyamideli Harry Uzoka, yarishwe, byamuteye inkunga yo kwandika indirimbo ye "Ibikomere". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mohdin |first=Aamna |date=21 September 2018 |title=Model jailed for murdering fashion rival in row over girlfriend |url=http://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/sep/21/model-george-koh-jailed-for-murdering-fashion-rival-harry-uzoka-in-row-over-girlfriend |access-date=23 December 2020 |work=The Guardian |language=en}}</ref> == Gukina == Umwuga we wo gukina wa Ajikawo watangiriye akina ari Vicky mu kiganiro cy’abana ba BBC cyitwa <nowiki><i id="mwAgQ">Spirit Warriors</i></nowiki>, cyatangajwe mu mwaka wa 2010, <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 June 2009 |title=Bo and the Spirit World casting news |url=https://screenterrier.blogspot.com/2009/05/bo-and-spirit-world-casting-news.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708063014/http://screenterrier.blogspot.com/2009/05/bo-and-spirit-world-casting-news.html |archive-date=8 July 2011 |access-date=1 December 2010 |publisher=ScreenTerrier}}</ref> ndetse na Meleka muri televiziyo ya E4 ''Youngers''. <ref name="leave2remainlil"/> Yavugaga kuri televiziyo ''Afrofuturism'', <ref>{{Cite news |date=2 April 2019 |title=Top Boy series three trailer: Dave and Little Simz join cast |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/newsbeat-47784979 |access-date=20 August 2019 |work=BBC News}}</ref> na Shelley mu isubukurwa rya Netflix rya ''Top'' ''Boy'', ryerekanwe bwa mbere mu mpeshyi ya 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstead |first=Al |date=1 October 2023 |title=So... Little Simz features in the new Venom movie at a "coming out" rave |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/little-simz-features-new-venom-movie-coming-out-rave-tom-hardy/13566740 |access-date=4 July 2023 |website=triple j |language=en-AU}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == '''Album za studio''' * ''Amatsiko Yamatsiko Yibigeragezo + Abantu'' (2015) * ''Gutuza muri Wonderland'' (2016) * ''Agace k'imvi'' (2019) * ''Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore'' (2021) * ''Oya Urakoze'' (2022) * ''Lotusi'' (2025) == Ingendo == * IMYAKA101 SHAKA ISI (2015) * Murakaza neza kuri Wonderland (2017–2018) * Urugendo rw'akarere keza (2019) * Rimwe na rimwe nshobora kuba intore (2021) * NTA MURAKOZE (2023) * Lotusi (2025) == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Filime & Televiziyo ! Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Uruhare ! class="unsortable" | Inyandiko |- | 2010 | ''Abarwanyi b'Umwuka'' | Vicky | Urukurikirane rwa BBC |- | 2012 | ''Indwara'' | Abakekwaho urubyiruko kuri Gariyamoshi (Lil Simz) | |- | 2013 | ''Nyamwasa'' | Meleka | E4 urukurikirane |- | 2019–2023 | ''Umuhungu wo hejuru'' | Shelley | Urukurikirane rwa Netflix |- | 2021 | ''Venom: Reka habeho ubwicanyi'' | We ubwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Newstead |first=Al |date=1 October 2021 |title=So... Little Simz features in the new Venom movie at a "coming out" rave |url=https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/news/musicnews/little-simz-features-new-venom-movie-coming-out-rave-tom-hardy/13566740 |access-date=10 October 2021 |website=triple j |language=en}}</ref> | Cameo |- | 2023 | ''Imbaraga'' | Adunola | Uruhare rusubirwamo |- | 2024 | ''RM: Abantu beza, Ahantu habi'' | We ubwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daly |first=Rhian |date=6 December 2024 |title=‘RM: Right People, Wrong Place’ review: a deep dive into the BTS rapper’s sublime second solo album |url=https://www.nme.com/reviews/film-reviews/rm-right-people-wrong-place-review-bts-3819540 |website=[[NME]] |language=en}}</ref> | Filime ya documentaire |- | 2025 | ''Steve'' | Shola | |} == Ibihembo naho yatoranyijwe == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="width:95%;" ! style="width:21%;" |Award ! width="3%" |Year ! style="width:25%;" |Category ! style="width:29%;" |Nominated work ! style="width:8%;" |Result ! style="width:3%;" |Ref. |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |AIM Independent Music Awards |2016 |Independent Album of the Year |''A Curious Tale Of Trials + Persons'' | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gumble |first=Daniel |date=2 August 2016 |title=AIM Awards 2016 shortlist revealed |url=https://www.musicweek.com/talent/read/aim-awards-2016-shortlist-revealed/065541 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Music Week}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2017 |Best Second Album |''Stillness in Wonderland'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Paine |first=Andre |date=8 August 2017 |title=2017 AIM Awards nominations revealed |url=https://www.musicweek.com/labels/read/2017-aim-awards-nominations-revealed/069401 |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Music Week}}</ref> |- |Hardest Working Band or Artist |Herself | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2019 |Best Independent Track |"Selfish" | {{nom}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 July 2019 |title=AIM Independent Music Awards 2019 – The Nominees |url=https://www.propermusicgroup.com/2019/07/aim-independent-music-awards-2019-the-nominees/ |access-date=27 October 2021 |website=Proper Music Group}}</ref> |- |Best Independent Album |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} |- |Pioneer Award |Herself | {{won}} |- |2023 |Best Independent Album |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Carter |first=Daisy |date=19 July 2023 |title=AIM Awards Announce 2023 Nominees List, Including Raye, Little Simz And Ezra Collective |url=https://diymag.com/news/aim-awards-announce-2023-nominees-including-raye-little-simz-ezra-collective |access-date=23 July 2023 |website=[[DIY (magazine)|DIY]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BBC Radio 1 |2021 |Hottest Record of the Year |"Introvert" |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 1 - Radio 1's Future Sounds with Clara Amfo - Radio 1's Hottest Record of the Year 2021 - Vote for your favourite! |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/LzRtNrs5gtFJWKJQV1KZzQ/radio-1s-hottest-record-of-the-year-2021-vote-for-your-favourite |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |Berlin Music Video Awards |2022 |Best Art Director |"Woman" |{{Nominated}} | |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BET Awards |2022 |Best International Act |Herself | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Cummings-Grady |first=Mackenzie |date=2022-06-01 |title=BET Awards 2022 Nominees Revealed: Drake, Kendrick Lamar, and More {{!}} Complex |url=https://www.complex.com/music/2022-bet-award-nominations |access-date=2022-06-02 |website=Complex}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |BET Hip Hop Awards |2021 |Best International Flow |Herself | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 BET Hip Hop Awards: The Full Winners List [Live Updating] |url=https://www.bet.com/article/df3eez/2021-bet-hip-hop-awards-the-full-winners-list |access-date=6 October 2021 |website=BET.com |archive-date=1 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240301204638/https://www.bet.com/article/df3eez/2021-bet-hip-hop-awards-the-full-winners-list |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |Brit Awards | rowspan="4" |2022 |British Artist of the Year | rowspan="3" |Herself | {{nom}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=BRIT Awards 2022 nominations in full: Adele, Dave, Ed Sheeran and Little Simz lead with four each |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/brit-awards-2022-nominations-in-full-adele-dave-ed-sheeran-and-little-simz-lead-with-four-each__34736/ |access-date=18 December 2021 |website=Official Charts}}</ref> |- |Best New Act | {{won}} |- |Best Hip Hop/Rap/Grime Act | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="2" |British Album of the Year |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="3" |2024 |''No Thank You'' |{{nominated}} | rowspan="3" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Brit Awards nominations 2024: The full list of artists, songs and albums up for awards this year |url=https://news.sky.com/story/brit-awards-nominations-2024-the-full-list-of-artists-songs-and-albums-up-for-awards-this-year-13055465 |access-date=24 January 2024 |website=Sky News}}</ref> |- |British Artist of the Year | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{nominated}} |- |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Act |{{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |Hollywood Independent Music Awards |2024 |Adult Contemporary Hip Hop |"Gorilla" |{{Nominated}} | align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Nominations Table &#124; Hollywood Independent Music Awards |url=https://himawards.com/2024-nominations-table/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=Himawards.com}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |IMPALA Awards |2019 |Album of the Year |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref name="IMPALA19">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2020 |title=22 Nominees Shortlisted For Impala's European Independent Album Of The Year Award |url=https://www.impalamusic.org/22-nominees-shortlisted-for-impalas-european-independent-album-of-the-year-award/ |access-date=February 6, 2024 |website=Impalamusic.org}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="4" scope="row" |Ivor Novello Awards |2020 | rowspan="2" |Best Album |''Grey Area'' | {{won}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=2 September 2020 |title=Little Simz and Dave among winners at Ivor Novello Awards 2020 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/little-simz-and-dave-among-winners-of-ivor-novello-awards-2020-2743540 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2022 |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Carl |date=7 April 2022 |title=Ivor Novello Awards 2022: Adele, Ed Sheeran, Dave and Inflo lead list of nominations |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/ivor-novello-awards-2022-adele-ed-sheeran-dave-and-inflo-lead-list-of-nominations__35678/ |access-date=18 April 2022 |website=Official Charts}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Rhian |first=Daly |date=19 May 2022 |title=Sam Fender, Dave, Little Simz and more win at The Ivors 2022 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/sam-fender-dave-little-simz-more-win-the-ivors-2022-3229592 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520041132/https://www.nme.com/news/music/sam-fender-dave-little-simz-more-win-the-ivors-2022-3229592 |archive-date=20 May 2022 |access-date=21 May 2022 |work=[[NME]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> |- |Best Contemporary Song |"I Love You, I Hate You" | {{won}} |- |2023 |Best Album |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dunworth |first=Liberty |date=19 April 2023 |title=Arctic Monkeys, Florence + The Machine, Harry Styles lead 2023 Ivor Novello nominations |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/arctic-monkeys-florence-the-machine-harry-styles-lead-2023-ivor-novello-nominations-3432545 |access-date=19 April 2023 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Libera Awards |2021 |Best Hip-Hop/Rap Record |''Drop 6'' |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" | |- |2022 |Best Hip-Hop/Rap Record |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Aswad |first=Jem |date=23 March 2022 |title=Japanese Breakfast, Jason Isbell, Arlo Parks Lead Indie-Music Collective A2IM's 2022 Libera Awards Nominees |url=https://variety.com/2022/music/news/japanese-breakfast-indie-a2im-2022-libera-awards-1235212419/ |access-date=25 March 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="2" scope="row" |Mercury Prize |2019 | rowspan="2" |Album of the Year |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Edelstone |first=Steven |last2=Manno |first2=Lizzie |date=25 July 2019 |title=2019 Mercury Prize Nominations Announced: Predictions, Snubs and More |url=https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2019/07/mercury-prize-2019.html |access-date=29 July 2019 |work=Paste Magazine}}</ref> |- |2022 |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Singh |first=Surej |date=2022-07-26 |title=Mercury Prize 2022 shortlist revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mercury-prize-2022-shortlist-nominations-3277014 |work=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="14" scope="row" |MOBO Awards | rowspan="2" |2017 |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nom}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 October 2017 |title=2017 MOBO Awards Nominations Announced! |url=https://www.mobo.com/news/2017-mobo-awards-nominations-announced |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=Mobo.com}}</ref> |- |Best Hip Hop Act | {{nom}} |- |2020 |Best Album (2017–2019) |''Grey Area'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2020 |title=MOBO Awards 2020: See The Full List Of Nominees! |url=http://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-2020-see-full-list-nominees |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=MOBO}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" |2021 |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself |{{won}} | rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" |<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=The MOBO Awards Announce Their 2021 Nominees {{!}} MOBO Organisation |url=https://mobo.com/news/mobo-awards-announce-their-2021-nominees |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=mobo.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=5 December 2021 |title=Mobo awards 2021: Dave, Little Simz and Ghetts top winners |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/dec/05/mobo-awards-2021-dave-little-simz-and-ghetts-top-winners |access-date=7 December 2021 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref> |- |Best Hip Hop Act |{{nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Woman" |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2022 |Album of the Year |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{won}} | rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tony |date=11 November 2022 |title=MOBOs 2022: Nova Twins, Little Simz and FKA twigs among nominees |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/check-out-the-nominees-for-the-mobo-awards-2022-3347586 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref><br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Krol |first=Charlotte |date=1 December 2022 |title=MOBO Awards 2022: Little Simz, Knucks, Central Cee, PinkPantheress and Jamal Edwards among winners |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mobo-awards-2022-little-simz-knucks-central-cee-pinkpantheress-and-jamal-edwards-among-winners-3358838 |access-date=10 December 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nom}} |- |Best Hip-Hop Act | {{nom}} |- |Video of the Year |"Point and Kill" {{Small|(featuring Obongjayar)}} | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="4" |2023 |Album of the Year |''No Thank You'' | {{nominated}} | rowspan="4" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite news |last=Beaumont-Thomas |first=Ben |date=14 December 2023 |title=Little Simz and Stormzy top 2024 Mobo award nominations |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2023/dec/14/little-simz-and-stormzy-top-2024-mobo-award-nominations |access-date=14 December 2023 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}</ref> |- |Best Female Act | rowspan="2" |Herself | {{nominated}} |- |Best Hip Hop Act | {{won}} |- |Video of the Year |"Gorilla" | {{nominated}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |MTV Europe Music Awards |2023 |Best Video |"Gorilla" |{{nom}} | style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Skinner |first=Tom |date=4 October 2023 |title=MTV EMAs 2023 nominations revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/mtv-emas-2023-nominations-revealed-3509145 |access-date=5 October 2023 |website=NME}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="7" scope="row" |NME Awards | rowspan="2" |2020 |Best British Album | rowspan="2" |''Grey Area'' | {{won}} | rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=NME Awards 2020 Winners |url=https://www.nme.com/awards/winners |access-date=1 August 2021 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Album in the World | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2022 |Best Album in the World | rowspan="2" |''Sometimes I Might Be Introvert'' | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Trendell |first=Andrew |date=27 January 2022 |title=BandLab NME Awards 2022: Full list of nominations revealed |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/bandlab-nme-awards-2022-full-list-of-nominations-3147154 |access-date=27 January 2022 |website=[[NME]]}}</ref> |- |Best Album by a UK Artist | {{nom}} |- |Best Solo Act in the World | rowspan="3" |Herself | {{nom}} |- |Best Solo Act from the UK | {{won}} |- |Best Live Act | {{nom}} |- ! rowspan="1" scope="row" |South African Hip Hop Awards |2021 |Best International Act |Herself |{{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shumba |first=Ano |date=3 November 2021 |title=SA Hip Hop Awards 2021: All the nominees {{!}} Music In Africa |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/sa-hip-hop-awards-2021-all-nominees |access-date=3 November 2021 |publisher=Music In Africa}}</ref> |- ! rowspan="22" scope="row" |UK Music Video Awards |2018 |Best Dance Video - UK |"Garage Palace" <small>(with Gorillaz)</small> | {{nom}} | rowspan="1" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2018 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2018: all the nominations! |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2018/09/27/uk-music-video-awards-2018-all-nominations/55245 |access-date=17 September 2021 |website=Promonews.tv |language=en}}</ref> |- | rowspan="5" |2021 |Best Hip Hop / Grime / Rap Video - UK | rowspan="3" |"Introvert" |{{nom}} | rowspan="5" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=UK Music Video Awards 2021: all the nominations for this year's UKMVAs {{!}} News {{!}} Promonews |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2021/09/29/uk-music-video-awards-2021-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/73077 |access-date=30 September 2021 |website=Promonewstv |language=en}}</ref> |- |Best Editing in a Video |{{won}} |- |Best Choreography in a Video |{{nom}} |- |Best Wardrobe Styling in a Video | rowspan="2" |"Woman" |{{nom}} |- |Best Hair & Make-up in a Video |{{nom}} |- | rowspan="6" |2022 |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Video - UK | rowspan="5" |"Point and Kill" {{Small|(featuring [[Obongjayar]])}} | {{won}} | rowspan="6" style="text-align:center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=28 September 2022 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2022: all the nominations for this year's UKMVAs |url=https://www.promonews.tv/news/2022/09/28/uk-music-video-awards-2022-all-nominations-years-ukmvas/78564 |access-date=28 September 2022 |website=Promonews.tv}}</ref> |- |Best Wardrobe Styling in a Video | {{won}} |- |Best Hair & Make-up in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Color Grading in a Video | {{won}} |- |Best Special Video Project |"I Love You, I Hate You" | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2023 |Best Hip Hop/Grime/Rap Video - UK | rowspan="4" |"Gorilla" | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |last=Malt |first=Andy |date=28 September 2023 |title=UK Music Video Award Nominations 2023 |url=https://completemusicupdate.com/uk-music-video-award-nominations-2023/ |access-date=7 October 2023 |website=Complete Music Update}}</ref> |- |Best Performance in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Production Design in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Special Video Project |''No Thank You'' | {{nom}} |- | rowspan="5" |2025 | rowspan="2" |Best Hip Hop / Grime / Rap Video – UK |"Young" | {{nom}} | rowspan="5" align="center" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2025 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2025 nominations announced awards ceremony |url=https://www.music-news.com/news/Underground/184577/UK-Music-Video-Awards-2025-nominations-announced-awards-ceremony |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=Music News}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |"Flood" {{Small|(featuring Obongjayar & Moonchild Sanelly)}} | {{nom}} |- |Best Performance in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Cinematography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |Best Choreography in a Video | {{nom}} |- |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 08mn0mjdktj8lpy35v7oe1fpl44g2m9 0 21339 139438 127405 2026-09-23T09:44:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Amaarae | image = AmaaraeLive (cropped).jpg | caption = Amaarae performing in 2018 | birth_name = Ama Serwah Genfi | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1994|7|4}} | birth_place = [[Bronx]], New York, U.S. | origin = [[Accra]], Ghana | occupation = {{flatlist| *Singer *songwriter }} | years_active = 2010–present | genre = {{Flatlist| *[[Pop music|Pop]] *[[Contemporary R&B|R&B]] *[[Afrobeats]] *[[alté]] }} | label = {{flatlist| * Sad Saints Angry Angels * Golden Child * Platoon * 0207 * [[Interscope Records|Interscope]] * Golden Angel }} | website = {{URL|amaaraemusic.com}} }} '''Ama Serwah Genfi''' (wavutse ku ya 4 Nyakanga 1994), uzwi cyane nka '''Amaarae''', ni umuhanzi w’indirimbo akaba n’umwanditsi. Yamenyekanye mu buryo bwe budasanzwe buhuriza hamwe pop, R&B, Afrobeats na alté, ndetse n’imyambarire iranga ubwisanzure n’igitsina.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gay sex is banned – so Ghanaians dance against homophobia |url=https://www.sowetanlive.co.za/news/africa/2019-12-01-gay-sex-is-banned-so-ghanaians-dance-against-homophobia/ |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=SowetanLIVE |language=en-ZA}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=January 3, 2019 |title=The interview we forgot to document – CRTL+ ALT+DEL Amaarae |url=http://harmattanrain.com/amaarae-forgotten-interview/ |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=Harmattan Rain |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyuma yo gukorana n’abahanzi bo mu karere no gusohora indirimbo nto zitarimo alubumu, mu 2017 yashyize hanze umuzingo mugufi we wa mbere yise '''Passionfruit Summers'''. <ref name="Passionfruit Summers">{{Cite news |title=Passionfruit Summers |url=https://genius.com/Amaarae-passionfruit-summers-lyrics |access-date=November 30, 2017 |work=Genius}}</ref> Muri 2020, Amaarae yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere ''Umumarayika Utazi'' gushimwa. Indirimbo " Sad Girlz Luv Money " irimo Moliy yamenyekanye cyane kuri TikTok. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sad Girlz Luv Money - Amaarae |url=https://www.songfacts.com/facts/amaarae/sad-girlz-luv-money |access-date= |website=songfacts.com}}</ref> Mu 2021 indirimbo yasubiwemo hamwe na Kali Uchis kandi ishushanyije ku isi yose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaarae Dazzles Fans With Much-Anticipated Video For Hit 'SAD GIRLZ LUV MONEY' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amaarae-sad-girlz-music-video/ |access-date=2022-05-26 |website=okayafricasite |language=en}}</ref> Pitchfork yanditse alubumu "Umuziki mushya mwiza" maze ayita alubumu ya 19 nziza ya 2020. Ku ya 9 Kamena 2023, yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya kabiri yari itegerejwe na benshi ''Isoko Baby'' kugira ngo itangwe ibitekerezo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=AB |first=Musicboard |title=Musicboard - Share your love for music with friends. |url=https://musicboard.app/artist/13293643/reviews?order_by=-created_at |access-date=2024-05-09 |website=musicboard.app |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Amaarae yavukiye i Bronx, muri New York kwa Ama Bawuah na Kwadwo Boateng Genfi akurira hagati ya Atlanta, New Jersey na [[Accra]], muri [[Gana]]. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Amaarae |url=https://nataal.com/amaarae |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=nataal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Ni mukuru w'abana babiri. Amaarae yanditse indirimbo ye ya mbere afite imyaka <ref>{{Cite news |title=Discover: Amaarae, The Sex-Positive Ghanaian Neo-Soul Star |url=https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/discover-amaarae-sex-positve-neo-soul-star/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191027025846/https://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/discover-amaarae-sex-positve-neo-soul-star/ |archive-date=October 27, 2019 |access-date=October 4, 2018 |work=Konbini}}</ref> Yibutse imvugo idasanzwe ya Kelis yamubereye umwete. <ref>{{Cite web |date=January 1, 2021 |title=Ghanaian pop star Amaarae: 'I'm presenting black women as deities' |url=http://www.theguardian.com/music/2021/jan/01/ghanaian-pop-star-amaarae-im-presenting-black-women-as-deities |access-date=July 20, 2021 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri mpuzamahanga rya Gana imyaka mike. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Okanlawon |first=Taiwo |date=2022-04-18 |title=Producer Kuvie chat about his challenges and triumph in Ghana music industry |url=https://lamboxtra.com/introducing-producer-kuvie/ |access-date=2025-11-19 |website=Lambo ˣᵗʳᵃ |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, yatangiye gukora imvange y'umuziki. Afite imyaka 17, yimenyereje muri studio yumuziki. Mu kigo cya kaminuza, yitoje amajwi kandi yubahiriza ubuhanga bwe bwo kwandika indirimbo yiga [[ubuvanganzo]] bw'icyongereza. Yasubiye muri Gana muri Kamena 2017. <ref name=":0"/> == Umwuga == Amaarae yanditse imvange y'indirimbo ye ya mbere, ''Muri Splendid Isolation'', ISI muri make, afite imyaka 17 igihe yari muri Gana. Irimo indirimbo "Yaje Mbere", Amaarae yakiriye "Cassie" ya Cassie na Ryan Leslie, n'indirimbo "CrukdStr8", azunguruka kuri " A $$ " ya Big Sean. Amaarae yashyize ahagaragara umushinga we wa mbere ''Passionfruit Summers'' <ref name="Passionfruit Summers"/> <ref name=":02">{{Cite web |title=Amaarae |url=https://nataal.com/amaarae |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=nataal.com |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="okayafrica.com2">{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2018 |title=Amaarae's New Music Video for 'Fluid' Is a Beautiful Masterpiece |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amaarae-fluid-video-ghana/ |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=OkayAfrica |language=en}}</ref> muri 2017. Iyi alubumu irimo indirimbo "Fluid", yunganirwa n'amashusho y'indirimbo. <ref>{{Cite news |title=I just want people to have sex with my music. |url=https://www.globetrottermag.com/news-features/amaraee-fluid |access-date=July 9, 2019 |work=Globe Trotter Mag |archive-date=October 28, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028052504/https://www.globetrottermag.com/news-features/amaraee-fluid |url-status=dead }}</ref> Amaarae yagizwe ''umwe'' mu bahanzi bashya bakunzwe muri Afurika <ref name=":0"/> muri Mata <ref>{{Cite news |title=Amaa Rae releases new song titled 'Fluid' |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Amaa-Rae-releases-new-song-titled-Fluid-658954 |access-date=June 10, 2018 |work=Ghana Web}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=Amaarae: a refreshing Afro Fusion voice |url=https://thebftonline.com/2018/lifestylesports/amaarae-a-refreshing-afro-fusion-voice/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191028052620/https://thebftonline.com/2018/lifestylesports/amaarae-a-refreshing-afro-fusion-voice/ |archive-date=October 28, 2019 |access-date=June 16, 2018 |work=B&FT Online}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=AMAARAE |url=https://www.blankpaperz.com/amaarae/ |access-date=May 11, 2019 |work=BlankPaperz |archive-date=May 19, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190519211247/http://www.blankpaperz.com/amaarae/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="okayafrica.com">{{Cite web |date=June 12, 2018 |title=Amaarae's New Music Video for 'Fluid' Is a Beautiful Masterpiece |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amaarae-fluid-video-ghana/ |access-date=June 17, 2020 |website=OkayAfrica |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |title=APPLE MUSIC'S "BEATS 1" STREAMS HOUR-LONG SPECIAL ON AFRICAN MUSIC |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/apple-musics-african-music-playlist-special-highlights |access-date=December 14, 2018 |work=Native Mag}}</ref>&nbsp;imurikagurisha ryabereye i Lagos, [[Nijeriya|muri Nijeriya]]. <ref>{{Cite news |title=ODUNSI, TENI THE ENTERTAINER, AMAA RAE FOR ART X LIVE! 2018 |url=https://thenativemag.com/communities/artx-live |access-date=October 26, 2018 |work=Native mag}}</ref> Ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 2020, Amaarae yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio, ''Umumarayika Utazi''. Owen Myers wo muri ''Pitchfork'' yanditse ko "bivuguruzanya no guhanga udushya, mu gihe abantu bakomeye bo mu nganda bakanguka ku kuri kuva kera ko Afurika ishyiraho umuvuduko w’umuziki wa pop." <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaarae: The Angel You Don't Know |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/amaarae-the-angel-you-dont-know/ |access-date=November 23, 2020 |website=Pitchfork |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 14 Mata 2025, Amaarae yakoze amateka nk'umuhanzi wa mbere wo muri Gana wakoze wenyine ku giti cye mu iserukiramuco ry'umuziki n'ubuhanzi rya Coachella. Imyitwarire ye kuri Stage ya Gobi yagaragayemo inzira n'indirimbo zidashyizwe ahagaragara n'abahanzi bo muri Gana nka La Même Gang, Eazzy, Joey B, na Asakaa Boys. Muri iki gitaramo, yatangaje alubumu ye yise ''Black Star'' kandi yiyogoshesha umutwe kuri stage, iyi ikaba yarashimishije cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref name=":4">{{Cite news |last=Hornik |first=Caitlin |date=April 14, 2025 |title=Singer Amaarae takes the stage, shaves head in history-making Coachella performance |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/amaarae-songs-coachella-ghana-b2732659.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250414014227/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/amaarae-songs-coachella-ghana-b2732659.html |archive-date=April 14, 2025 |access-date=April 14, 2025 |work=[[The Independent]]}}</ref> Ku ya 8 Kanama 2025, Amaarae yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya gatatu ''Black Star''. Amashusho yindirimbo yemewe ya "Fineshyt" nayo yasohotse kumunsi umwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 8, 2025 |title=Amaarae Reclaims the Dance Floor With Bold New Album Black Star |url=https://indie-sound.com/2025/08/08/amaarae-reclaims-the-dance-floor-with-bold-new-album-black-star/ |website=Indie Sound}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == === Album za studio === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Urutonde rwa alubumu ya studio, hamwe nibisobanuro byatoranijwe ! Umutwe ! Ibisobanuro |- ! scope="row" | ''Umumarayika Utazi'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 2020 * Akarango: Umwana wa Zahabu * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |- ! scope="row" | ''Isoko'' | * Yarekuwe: Ku ya 9 Kamena 2023 * Akarango: Umwana wa Zahabu, Inyandiko za Interscope * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |- ! scope="row" | ''Inyenyeri Yirabura'' | * Yarekuwe: 8 Kanama 2025 * Akarango: Umwana wa Zahabu, Inyandiko za Interscope * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital, gutembera |} === Imizingo migufi y'indirimbo === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" |+Urutonde rwa EP, hamwe nibisobanuro byatoranijwe ! Umutwe ! Ibisobanuro |- ! scope="row" | ''Impeshyi'' <ref>{{Cite news |title=Essentials: Amaarae's Debut, 'Passionfruit Summer', Is a Plush Dreamy-Eyed Project |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/essentials-amaaraes-debut-project-passionfruit-summer-smoked-dreamy-romantic/ |access-date=December 4, 2017 |work=Native Mag}}</ref> | * Yarekuwe: 30 Ugushyingo 2017 * Akarango: Umwana wa Zahabu * Imiterere: Gukuramo Digital |} === Indirimbo ze wenyine === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+List of singles ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Title ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Year ! colspan="9" scope="col" |Peak chart positions ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Certifications ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |US<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |US<nowiki><br id="mwAVI"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Afro.<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |CAN<br /><br /> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |IRE<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=IRMA – Irish Charts |url=http://irma.ie/index.cfm?page=irish-charts&chart=Singles |access-date=November 16, 2021 |publisher=[[Irish Recorded Music Association]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |NZ<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |date=November 15, 2021 |title=NZ Top 40 Singles Chart |url=https://aotearoamusiccharts.co.nz/archive/singles/2021-11-12 |access-date=November 13, 2021 |publisher=[[Recorded Music NZ]]}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |SWI<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaarae & Moliy feat. Kali Uchis – Sad Girls Luv Money Remix |url=https://hitparade.ch/song/Amaarae-&-Moliy-feat.-Kali-Uchis/Sad-Girlz-Luv-Money-Remix-2228886 |access-date=November 15, 2021 |website=hitparade.ch |language=de-ch}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |UK<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaaarae featuring Moliy chart history {{!}} full Official Chart History {{!}} Official Charts Company |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/61420/amaarae-ft-moliy/ |access-date=November 15, 2021 |website=officialcharts.com}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |UK<nowiki><br id="mwAX0"></nowiki><nowiki><br></nowiki>Afro.<br /><br /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaarae songs and albums |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/61750/amaarae/ |access-date=April 22, 2024 |website=Official Charts Company}}</ref> ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" |WW<br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" |"Spend Some Time"<br /><br /><small>(featuring Wande Coal)</small><ref>{{Cite news |title=You Should Really Listen to Amaarae's New Single 'Spend Some Time' Featuring Wande Coal |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/amaarae-spend-some-time-wande-coal-listen-watch-download/ |access-date=May 22, 2019 |work=OkayAfrica}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |2019 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="2" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- ! scope="row" |"Like It"<ref name=":1">{{Cite news |title=Amaarae explores the unknown in her 'Like It' video |url=https://www.thefader.com/2019/10/10/amaarae-like-it-video-premiere |access-date=October 10, 2019 |work=The Fader}}</ref> |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Leave Me Alone"<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Leave Me Alone by Amaarae on Amazon Music |url=https://www.amazon.com/LEAVE-ME-ALONE-Explicit-amaarae/dp/B098CGQ2TL/ |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=Amazon}}</ref> | rowspan="2" |2020 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | | rowspan="3" |''The Angel You Don't Know'' |- ! scope="row" |"Fancy"<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=Fancy by Amaarae on Amazon Music |url=https://www.amazon.com/FANCY-Explicit-amaarae/dp/B098C56XKX |access-date=December 1, 2021 |website=Amazon}}</ref> |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Sad Girlz Luv Money"<br /><br />{{Small|(with Moliy featuring [[Kali Uchis]])}} |2021 |80 |— |48 |28 |29 |18 |29 |— |26 | * BPI: Silver * MC: Platinum * RMNZ: Gold |- ! scope="row" |"Reckless & Sweet" | rowspan="3" |2023 |— |26 |— |— |— |— |— |10 |— | | rowspan="5" |''Fountain Baby''[A] |- ! scope="row" |"Co-Star" |— |47 |— |— |— |— |— |19 |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Wasted Eyes" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Angels in Tibet" | rowspan="2" |2024 |— |5 |— |— |— |— |— |10 |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Sweeeet" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"S.M.O." | rowspan="3" |2025 |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |17 |— | | rowspan="3" |''Black Star'' |- ! scope="row" |"Girlie-Pop!" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- ! scope="row" |"Fineshyt" |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— |— | |- | colspan="15" style="font-size:85%" |"—" denotes a recording that did not chart or was not released in that territory. |} === Nk'umuhanzi uzwi === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe ! Album |- | rowspan="2" | 2017 | "Ninde!" <small>( AYLØ irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Shyiramo Izina ry'umushinga'' |- | "Kuri Njye" <small>(Dex Kwasi irimo Amaarae)</small>|| {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- | rowspan="4" | 2018 | "Pepper Dem" <small>(Stonebwoy irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Amabaruwa ya Mama'' |- | "Umuriro Wihuse" <small>(Santi irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Mandy & Ishyamba'' |- | "Hectic" <small>(Odunsi irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''gake.'' |- | "SDI" <small>(M3NSA irimo Amaarae)</small>|| {{N/A|Non-album single}} |- | rowspan="7" | 2019 | "Igitsina cya Platinum" <small>(Mina irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Inzira Zindege'' |- | "Nka Amazi" <small>(Gafacci irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Tash BNM'' |- | "Wituze" <small>(Santi irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Mandy & Ishyamba'' |- | "Isoni" <small>(B4bonah irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''B4Gutangira'' |- | "Isukari" <small>(Kojey Radical irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Cashmere Amarira'' |- | "Mewu" <small>(Ground Up Chale irimo Twitch & Amaarae)</small> | ''Turi Hanze (Y3 Wo Abonten) Vol. 1'' |- | "Birakabije" <small>(hagaragaramo Show Dem Camp na TEMS)</small> | ''Palmwine Express'' |- | rowspan="3" | 2020 | "Biracyaza imbere" <small>(OIEE & M3NSA irimo Amaarae)</small>|| rowspan="2" {{N/A|Non-album singles}} |- | "Kurikiza Ubuyobozi bwanjye" <small>(KU WA GATANU NIGHT CRU irimo Tessellated na Amaarae)</small> |- | "Mumbarize" <small>(Hahirwa na Amaarae)</small> | ''Umuziki Nubuvuzi'' |- | 2021 | "Bling" <small>(Blaqbonez irimo Amaarae & Buju)</small> | ''Imibonano mpuzabitsina hejuru y'urukundo'' |- | 2022 | "Ibi nibyo nshaka kuvuga" <small>( Stormzy irimo Black Sherif, Amaarae, Madamu Banks na Storry )</small> | ''Iki nicyo nshaka kuvuga'' |- | rowspan="3" | 2023 | "Sossaup" <small>( Kaytraminé irimo Amaarae)</small> | ''Kaytraminé'' |- | "The Rush" <small>(Janelle Monáe irimo Nia Long & Amaarae)</small> | ''Igihe cyo kwishima'' |- | "KUBOLOR" ( ODUMODUBLVCK <small>irimo Amaarae</small> ) | ''EZIOKWU'' |- | 2024 | "Mwijoro" <small>( Umwana Gambino urimo Jorja Smith & Amaarae)</small> | <nowiki><i id="mwAuQ">Bando Kibuye &</nowiki>amp; Isi Nshya<nowiki></i></nowiki> |} === Izindi ndirimbo zishushanyije === {| class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center" |+Urutonde rwizindi ndirimbo ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Umutwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Umwaka ! scope="col" | Imyanya y'imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Album |- ! scope="col" style="width:2.5em;font-size:90%;" | Amerika<br /><br /><br /><br /> Afro.<br /><br /><br /><br /> |- ! scope="row" | "Umuganwakazi ugenda Digital" | 2023 | 12 | ''Isoko'' |} == Aho yatoranyijwe == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Icyabaye ! Icyiciro ! Uwakiriye / Akazi katoranijwe ! Igisubizo ! Réf |- | rowspan="2" |{{center|2021}} | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya Vodafone Ghana | Umwaka | rowspan="2" | Amaarae - Ibyiza| rowspan="3" {{nom}} | rowspan="2" | <ref name="myjoyonline">{{Cite web |date=April 4, 2021 |title=FULL LIST: Vodafone Ghana Music Awards releases 2021 nominations |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/04/full-list-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-releases-2021-nominations/ |access-date=April 5, 2021 |publisher=CitiNewswroom}}</ref> |- | Amashusho meza yindirimbo yumwaka |- |{{center|2022}} | Ibihembo bya Headies | Umuhanzi witwaye neza muri Afurika yuburengerazuba | Amaarae | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-25 |title=Headies Awards: Amaarae, Gyakie, KiDi and Nektunez nominated |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=GhanaWeb |language=en |archive-date=2022-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525115139/https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Headies-Awards-Amaarae-Gyakie-KiDi-and-Nektunez-nominated-1545563 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |{{center|2025}} | Ibihembo bya muzika yo mu Bwongereza | Ibyiza R&B / Ubugingo / Video ya Jazz - Amahanga | "SMO"| {{nom}} | rowspan="1" align="center" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 September 2025 |title=UK Music Video Awards 2025 nominations announced awards ceremony |url=https://www.music-news.com/news/Underground/184577/UK-Music-Video-Awards-2025-nominations-announced-awards-ceremony |access-date=30 September 2025 |website=Music News}}</ref> |- |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] dfsf1szy8h80xo8xqxlrqi1y3aws0r3 0 21342 139166 126569 2026-09-23T03:13:38Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139166 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Temilade Openiyi''' (wavutse ku ya 11 Kamena 1995), uzwi nka '''Tems''', ni umuhanzi wo muri [[Nijeriya]] uririmba, yandika indirimbo kandi akabikora no mu buryo bwo gutunganya umuziki.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The sweet, arresting harmonies of Nigeria's Tems |url=https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615040211/https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> <ref name="Tems – Grammy Award">{{Cite web |title=Tems – Grammy Award |url=https://www.grammy.com/artists/Tems/38505 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302213738/https://www.grammy.com/artists/Tems/38505 |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[Grammy Award]]}}</ref> Yatangiye kumenyekana cyane ubwo yafatanyaga na Wizkid ku ndirimbo “Essence” yo mu 2020, yak later igera ku mwanya wa 9 kuri Billboard Hot 100 nyuma yo gusubirwamo na na Justin Bieber. Iyo ndirimbo yamuhesheje igihembo cya Grammy. <ref name="Akinyode">{{Cite web |last=Akinyode |first=Peace |date=30 August 2023 |title=I was okay with people not liking my music - Tems |url=https://punchng.com/i-was-okay-with-people-not-liking-my-music-tems/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231010121616/https://punchng.com/i-was-okay-with-people-not-liking-my-music-tems/ |archive-date=10 October 2023 |access-date=9 October 2023 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name="Tems – Grammy Award" /> Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo “Fountains” ya Drake, umuraperi wo muri [[Kanada]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems Biography, Songs, Age, Education, and Net Worth |url=https://vk.com/@-175923414-rss-1031911289-2044132150 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=VK |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2020, Tems yasohoye umuzgino we wa mbere wagutse (EP), ''Kumatwi yamenetse'' . Yasinyanye na RCA Records kugirango arekure umuzingo we wa kabiri, ''Niba Orange yari Ikibanza'' (2021). Mu 2022, amajwi ya Tems yo mu ndirimbo ye " Hejuru " yatoranijwe na Future ku ndirimbo ye yise " Ndagutegereje ", bituma amenyekana nk'umuhanzi w'umushyitsi hamwe na Drake . Iyi ndirimbo yatangiriye kuri ''Billboard'' Hot 100, bituma aba umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika akaba numuhanzi wa kabiri wo muri Nigeriya ufite indirimbo abikora ku mbonerahamwe. <ref name="Akinyode"/> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Tems Is The First African Artist To Debut At No. 1 On The Hot 100 |url=https://uproxx.com/music/tems-first-african-artist-no-1-hot-100-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509203653/https://uproxx.com/music/tems-first-african-artist-no-1-hot-100-chart/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=9 May 2022 |website=[[Uproxx]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Indirimbo yamuhesheje igihembo cya Grammy igihembo cyiza cya Melodic Rap . <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 February 2023 |title=Grammys 2023: Winners List |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/05/arts/music/grammys-2023-winners-list.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205212804/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/05/arts/music/grammys-2023-winners-list.html |archive-date=5 February 2023 |access-date=5 February 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Tems yerekanaga " Nta Mugore, Nta gutaka " ya Bob Marley kuri Album ya ''Black Panther: Album ya Wakanda Forever'' yamajwi muri Nyakanga 2022 <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=25 July 2022 |title=Nigeria's Tems joins Marvelverse with "No woman No Cry" rendition - Businessday NG |url=https://businessday.ng/life-arts/article/nigerias-tems-joins-marvelverse-with-no-woman-no-cry-rendition/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220725163900/https://businessday.ng/amp/life-arts/article/nigerias-tems-joins-marvelverse-with-no-woman-no-cry-rendition/ |archive-date=25 July 2022 |access-date=25 July 2022 |website=businessday.ng}}</ref> kandi muri uko kwezi, indirimbo ye " Free Mind " (yari iri kumuzingo we wambere) yatangiriye kuri ''Billboard'' Hot 100, igera ku mwanya wa 46 kandi yandika amateka y’abagore ku ndirimbo ndende ya mbere yerekana urutonde rwa R &amp;amp; B / Hip-Hop . <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2023 |title=Nigerians celebrate Tems' Grammy rap award |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64538716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240115201443/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-64538716 |archive-date=15 January 2024 |access-date=15 January 2024 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref>​​ Yanafatanyije kandi nabandi kwandika no gutunganya amajwi yinyuma mundirimbo ''Nzamura hejuru'' ya Rihanna byatumye itoranywa muri [[:en:Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Song|Academy Award for Best Original Song]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corrine |first=Amber |date=24 January 2023 |title=Rihanna Earns 2023 Oscar Nomination For 'Black Panther' Song 'Lift Me Up' |url=https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124151934/https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=VIBE.com}}</ref> [[:en:Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Original_Song|Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=12 December 2022 |title=Tems, Rihanna, Brad Pitt, Angela Bassett & Viola Davis nominated for 2023 Globe Globe Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212160640/https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=www.bellanaija.com |language=en-US}}</ref> ndetse na [[:en:Grammy_Award_for_Best_Song_Written_for_Visual_Media|Grammy Award for Best Song Written for Visual Media]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Corrine |first=Amber |date=24 January 2023 |title=Rihanna Earns 2023 Oscar Nomination For 'Black Panther' Song 'Lift Me Up' |url=https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230124151934/https://www.vibe.com/news/entertainment/rihanna-oscar-nomination-lift-me-up-2023-1234729460/ |archive-date=24 January 2023 |access-date=24 January 2023 |website=VIBE.com}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |last=BellaNaija.com |date=12 December 2022 |title=Tems, Rihanna, Brad Pitt, Angela Bassett & Viola Davis nominated for 2023 Globe Globe Awards |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212160640/https://www.bellanaija.com/2022/12/2023-golden-globes-nomination/ |archive-date=12 December 2022 |access-date=12 December 2022 |website=www.bellanaija.com |language=en-US}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 Grammy Nominations: See The Full Nominees List {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110180725/https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |archive-date=10 November 2023 |access-date=11 November 2023 |website=www.grammy.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2023 |title=Tems music, videos, stats, and photos |url=https://www.last.fm/music/Tems |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203073227/https://www.last.fm/music/Tems |archive-date=3 December 2023 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=Last.fm |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2024, Tems yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere ya studio ''Yavukiye mu gasozi'' kugirango ashimwe. Iyi alubumu yageze kuri 30 ba mbere mu Buholandi, mu Busuwisi no mu Bwongereza, aho yageze ku mwanya wa 24. Yatangiye kuvuka kwe muri Born in the Wild Tour, kuzenguruka isi. ] <ref name=":17">{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Thania |date=10 May 2024 |title=Tems Unveils 2024 World Tour and Debut Album Release Date: 'My Most Special Moment' |url=https://variety.com/2024/music/news/tems-born-in-the-wild-world-tour-album-1235998918/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240510191315/https://variety.com/2024/music/news/tems-born-in-the-wild-world-tour-album-1235998918/ |archive-date=10 May 2024 |access-date=10 May 2024 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>​​''​''​​​ Tems yabaye umuhanzi wa mbere wo muri Nigeriya ufite ibihembo byinshi bya Grammy. <ref name=":19">{{Cite web |title=Watch Tems Win Best African Music Performance For Love Me Jeje {{!}} 2025 GRAMMYs Acceptance Speech {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/videos/tems-wins-best-african-music-performance-2025-grammys |access-date=2025-02-03 |website=grammy.com}}</ref> Mu mibereho ye yose, Tems yahawe ibihembo byinshi, harimo ibihembo bibiri bya Grammy, ibihembo bya <nowiki><i id="mwog">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Award, ibihembo bine bya NAACP Image Awards, BET Awards bine <ref name=":13">{{Cite web |last=Quayyim |first=Adedimeji |date=22 February 2023 |title=Tems, Wizkid clinch wins at the NAACP Image Awards |url=https://culturecustodian.com/tems-wizkid-clinch-wins-at-the-naacp-image-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230703181623/https://culturecustodian.com/tems-wizkid-clinch-wins-at-the-naacp-image-awards/ |archive-date=3 July 2023 |access-date=3 July 2023 |website=The Culture Custodian (Est. 2014.) |language=en-GB}}</ref> na Soul Train Music Awards eshatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beresford |first=Trilby |last2=Coates |first2=Tyler |date=27 February 2022 |title=2022 NAACP Image Awards: 'The Harder They Fall' Takes Best Film, Jennifer Hudson Named Entertainer of the Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228000643/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Respers France |first=Lisa |date=29 November 2021 |title=Soul Train Awards 2021: The winners list |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302213738/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: BET Soul Train Awards 2022 Winners (Full List) |url=https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127123949/https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |archive-date=27 November 2022 |access-date=27 November 2022 |website=Techscoops |publisher=Tolulope Olulana}}</ref> <ref name=":13" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=12 March 2024 |title=NAACP Image Award Winners List: Victoria Monét, Chris Brown and 'The Color Purple' Nab Early Wins at Virtual Ceremony |url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312023120/https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |archive-date=12 March 2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Tems yavutse ku ya 11 Kamena 1995, i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. Izina rye rya mbere Temilade risobanura "ikamba ni ryanjye" muri Yoruba; akomoka mu bwoko bwa Yoruba . <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 June 2024 |title=Tems Was Made For This Moment |url=https://www.wmagazine.com/culture/tems-born-in-the-wild-album-interview-2024 |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=W Magazine |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems: 5 Things To Know About Afrobeats' Latest Superstar |url=https://www.bet.com/article/7xnoch/tems-5-things-to-know-about-afrobeats-newest-superstar |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240608172140/https://www.bet.com/article/7xnoch/tems-5-things-to-know-about-afrobeats-newest-superstar |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Olatunji |first=Mercy |date=18 February 2021 |title=Full biography of Nigerian singer Tems and other facts about her |url=https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025190501/https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=8 June 2024 |website=DNB Stories Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Umuryango we wimukiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] akiri uruhinja, nyuma asubira muri Nijeriya nyuma yo gutandukana kw'ababyeyi be, afite imyaka itanu. <ref name=":12">{{Cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Interview: Tems Is On a Mission to Take Over |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/tems-try-me-nigerian-music-interview/ |access-date=25 December 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]] |archive-date=15 May 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210515180239/https://www.okayafrica.com/tems-try-me-nigerian-music-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Olatunji |first=Mercy |date=28 February 2021 |title=Full biography of Nigerian singer Tems and other facts about her |url=https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025190501/https://dnbstories.com/2021/02/full-biography-of-nigerian-singer-tems.html |archive-date=25 October 2021 |access-date=4 August 2021 |website=DNB Stories Africa |language=en-US}}</ref> Tems yabaga Ilupeju mbere yo kwimukira i Lekki nyuma Ajah . Yize muri kaminuza ya Dowen <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=The sweet, arresting harmonies of Nigeria's Tems |url=https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200615040211/https://www.thefader.com/2020/03/09/tems-mr-rebel-try-me-interview |archive-date=15 June 2020 |access-date=15 June 2020 |website=[[The Fader]]}}</ref> yisumbuye na Monash Afurika y'Epfo kubera amashuri makuru, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi mu by'ubukungu. <ref name=":3" /> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=24 May 2022 |title=Tems interview: Nigerian music's biggest new star |url=https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527060933/https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=27 May 2022 |website=The Face |language=en-gb}}</ref> Mu mashuri yisumbuye, yakundaga gutotezwa kubera ijwi rye. Afite imyaka 11, yinjiye muri korari y'ishuri maze bidatinze atangira kuririmba muri falsetto ariko abonwa numwarimu wumuziki wamutoje akamwigisha gucuranga piyano. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garel |first=Connor |date=2024-06-07 |title=No One Sounds Like Tems |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/who-is-tems-cut-cover-interview-music.html |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=The Cut |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-24 |title=Tems interview: Nigerian music's biggest new star |url=https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527060933/https://theface.com/music/tems-interview-new-album-music-essence-afrobeats-wizkid-lagos-nigeria-amapiano-alte-drake-president-obama-vol-4-issue-11 |archive-date=27 May 2022 |access-date=2024-12-17 |website=The Face |language=en-gb}}</ref> Tems yakundaga kwitoza kuririmbana na murumuna we, wakundaga kumuherekeza kuri gitari. <ref name="reb">{{Cite web |date=23 October 2018 |title=Native Exclusive: How Tems Triumphs after "Mr Rebel" |url=https://thenativemag.com/profile/native-exclusivetems/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200814195510/https://thenativemag.com/profile/native-exclusivetems/ |archive-date=14 August 2020 |access-date=5 May 2020 |website=[[The Native]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems {{!}} Music Artist, Actress, Composer |url=https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12478182/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316004355/https://www.imdb.com/name/nm12478182/ |archive-date=16 March 2023 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=IMDb |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umwuga == === 2018–2021: Intangiriro yumwuga nimizingo yagutse === Muri 2018, Tems yaretse akazi mu kwamamaza hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga kugira ngo akore umwuga wa muzika. Yatangiye kwiga ubuhanga bwo kwikorera kuri YouTube <ref name=":0"/> maze ku ya 18 Nyakanga 2018, asohora indirimbo ye ya mbere yise "Mr Rebel", indirimbo yayikoze wenyine. <ref name="reb"/> Ku ya 7 Kanama 2019, yasohoye indirimbo "Gerageza". <ref name=":12"/> Muri 2020, DJ Edu yamuhisemo kuba umwe mu "bahanzi icumi bareba" muri uwo mwaka. Ku <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2020 |title=Rema |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/african-music-artists-to-watch-2020-dj-edu-bbc-radio/?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1?rebelltitem=1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001230552/https://www.okayafrica.com/african-music-artists-to-watch-2020-dj-edu-bbc-radio/?rebelltitem=1#rebelltitem1?rebelltitem=1 |archive-date=1 October 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> Mata 2020, Tems yagaragaye ari kumwe n’umuririmbyi mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya [[Davido]] kuri verisiyo yakozwe n’umuhanzi w’indirimbo w’umunyamerika witwa Khalid hamwe n’indirimbo ya elegitoroniki y’[[icyongereza]] ya Disclosure yise “ Menya agaciro kawe ”. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2020 |title=Khalid Recruits Davido and Tems on New Single 'Know Your Worth (Remix)' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-khalid-davido-tems-new-music/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504110427/https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-khalid-davido-tems-new-music/ |archive-date=4 May 2020 |access-date=4 May 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garel |first=Connor |date=15 January 2024 |title=No One Sounds Like Tems |url=https://www.thecut.com/article/who-is-tems-cut-cover-interview-music.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118215526/https://www.thecut.com/article/who-is-tems-cut-cover-interview-music.html |archive-date=18 January 2024 |access-date=19 January 2024 |website=The Cut |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Nzeri 2020, Tems yasohoye umuzingo we wa mbere wagutse, ''Ku matwi yamenetse'' . Yakozwe cyane cyane na we kandi indirimbo " Indishyi " yariri kumuzingo yabaye iyindi yakurikiranwe kuri "Gerageza", igera ku mwanya wa mbere ku mbonerahamwe ya muzika ya Apple yo muri Nijeriya na nimero ya gatandatu ku mbonerahamwe ya TurnTable Top 50 yashyizwe ahagaragara kandi imaze kubona miliyoni eshanu kuri YouTube. Ku ya 30 Ukwakira 2020, Tems yagaragaye ku ndirimbo mugenzi we wo muri Nijeriya [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], " Essence ", muri alubumu ya kane ya sitidiyo, ''Made i Lagos'' . Indirimbo yamuhesheje umwanya wa mbere kuri BBC 1Xtra Airplay Chart. <ref>{{Cite web |title=BBC 1Xtra Airplay Chart |url=http://ukairplaychart.com/1239/BBC_1Xtra/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210120125450/http://ukairplaychart.com/1239/BBC_1Xtra/ |archive-date=20 January 2021 |access-date=30 January 2021 |website=ukairplaychart.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Essence of Wizkid and Tems |url=https://mp3chord.com/entertainment/the-essence-of-wizkid-and-tems/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210410064132/https://mp3chord.com/entertainment/the-essence-of-wizkid-and-tems/ |archive-date=10 April 2021 |access-date=10 April 2021 |website=Mp3chord.com}}</ref> kandi umwuga we wa mbere kuri Billboard <nowiki><i id="mwATY">Hot</i></nowiki> <ref name=":7">{{Cite web |last=Spivey |first=Kemberlie |date=19 January 2022 |title=2022 NAACP Image Awards Nominations: The Full List |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/kemberliespivey/2022/01/18/2022-naacp-image-awards-nominations-the-full-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220119025807/https://www.forbes.com/sites/kemberliespivey/2022/01/18/2022-naacp-image-awards-nominations-the-full-list/ |archive-date=19 January 2022 |access-date=20 January 2022 |website=[[Forbes]] |language=en}}</ref> . <ref name=":8">{{Cite news |title=Wizkid, Burnaboy, oda Nigerian artists wey dey 2022 Grammy nomination |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-59394925 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201031144/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/media-59394925 |archive-date=1 February 2022 |access-date=23 November 2021 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 2020, Tems yashyizwe muri Future Awards Africa : Icyiciro cya 2020. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 November 2020 |title=The Future Awards Africa: Class of 2020 |url=https://awards.yafri.ca/the-future-awards-africa-class-of-2020/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024171531/https://awards.yafri.ca/the-future-awards-africa-class-of-2020/ |archive-date=24 October 2021 |access-date=16 June 2021 |website=The Future Awards Africa}}</ref> Ku ya 13 Kanama 2021, hasohotse verisiyo yakozwe na "Essence", ikubiyemo ikindi kintu cy’umuririmbyi w’umunyakanada Justin Bieber, yasohotse, bituma iyi ndirimbo igera ku mwanya wa cyenda kuri <nowiki><i id="mwAVM">Billboard</i></nowiki> Hot 100 . Ku ya 3 Nzeri 2021, Tems yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuraperi n’umuririmbyi wa Drake, " Isoko ", kuva kuri alubumu ya gatandatu ya sitidiyo ya nyuma, ''yitwa Certificate Lover Boy'', yatangiriye ku ''mwanya'' wa 26 kuri Hot <ref>{{Cite web |last=Espinoza |first=Joshua |date=2 September 2021 |title=Drake Reveals 'Certified Lover Boy' Album Features on Billboards |url=https://www.complex.com/music/drake-teases-certified-lover-boy-album-features-on-billboards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902030241/https://www.complex.com/music/drake-teases-certified-lover-boy-album-features-on-billboards/ |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=2 September 2021 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 September 2021 |title=Tems to feature on Drake's CLB album |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/tems-to-feature-on-drakes-clb-album/5zq68ry |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210902203510/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/tems-to-feature-on-drakes-clb-album/5zq68ry |archive-date=2 September 2021 |access-date=16 September 2021 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 June 2022 |title=Singer, Tems: Biography, Age, Parents, Boyfriend, Net Worth and Source of Wealth |url=https://newswirengr.com/2022/06/27/singer-tems-biography-age-parents-boyfriend-net-worth-and-source-of-wealth/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221004155343/https://newswirengr.com/2022/06/27/singer-tems-biography-age-parents-boyfriend-net-worth-and-source-of-wealth/ |archive-date=4 October 2022 |access-date=4 October 2022}}</ref> Yakozwe mbere na mbere na GuiltyBeatz, kandi indirimbo "Crazy Tings" yasohotse hasigaye iminsi itanu ngo igere ku mwanya wa gatatu ku mbonerahamwe ya Afrobeats y’Ubwongereza . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems shares new EP If Orange Was A Place |url=https://www.thefader.com/2021/09/16/tems-new-ep-if-orange-was-a-place |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005163309/https://www.thefader.com/2021/09/16/tems-new-ep-if-orange-was-a-place |archive-date=5 October 2021 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> '']'' <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=27 September 2021 |title=Tems' 'Found' with Brent Faiyaz Hits New Peak on the UK Afrobeats Chart |url=https://notjustok.com/news/tems-found-with-brent-faiyaz-hits-new-peak-on-the-uk-afrobeats-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211005163308/https://notjustok.com/news/tems-found-with-brent-faiyaz-hits-new-peak-on-the-uk-afrobeats-chart/ |archive-date=5 October 2021 |access-date=5 October 2021 |website=NotjustOk}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 May 2021 |title=Tems Claims Number One Spot on Billboard Next Big Sound Chart |url=https://www.arise.tv/tems-claims-number-one-spot-on-billboard-next-big-sound-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211002072953/https://www.arise.tv/tems-claims-number-one-spot-on-billboard-next-big-sound-chart/ |archive-date=2 October 2021 |access-date=2 October 2021 |website=Arise News |language=en-US}}</ref>''​''​ === 2022–2023: Iterambere === Ku ya 31 Werurwe 2022, Umuziki wa Apple 1 watangije ikiganiro cya Vibe Radio Yerekana hamwe na Tems. Ku ya 2 Mata, igice cyayo cya mbere kirimo isura ya Muyiwa Awoniyi, na Tunji Balogun . Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Courage |first=Onyema |date=2 May 2022 |title=Def Jam CEO Tunji Balogun joins Leading Vibe Radio with Tems |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/def-jam-ceo-tunji-balogun-joins-leading-vibe-radio-with-tems/2zsms12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220705192454/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/def-jam-ceo-tunji-balogun-joins-leading-vibe-radio-with-tems/2zsms12 |archive-date=5 July 2022 |access-date=24 June 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Mata 2022, Tems yagaragaye hamwe na Drake ku ndirimbo y’umuraperi w’umunyamerika Future, " Ndagutegereje ", kuva kuri alubumu ya cyenda ya studio, ''Sinigeze Nkunda'' . Indirimbo yatangiriye kuri Hot 100, bituma Tems umuhanzi wambere wumugore wumugore wumukobwa wambere wambere kurutonde nibindi byinshi byambere kuri chart. Indirimbo yerekana indirimbo " Hejuru " yo ''Kumatwi yamenetse'' . Muri Nyakanga 2022, Tems yerekanaga " Nta mugore, nta kurira " ya Bob Marley ya filime ya Marvel yitwa ''Black Panther: Wakanda Forever'' amajwi yakunzwe na Rihanna . <ref name=":10"/> Ku ya 26 Nyakanga, Tems yungutse inshuro ya kane Ashyushye 100 n'indirimbo ye " ''Free Mind'' " yakuye ''kuri Broken Ears'' yagaragaye ku mbonerahamwe igera ku mwanya wa 44 na nimero ya 1 ku mbonerahamwe y'indirimbo Afrobeats yo muri Amerika . Byamuhesheje icyemezo cya mbere cya platine na silver wenyine wenyine muri Amerika no mubwongereza. '']'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Beyoncé Announces Release Date for New 16-Song Project 'Renaissance' |url=https://www.complex.com/music/beyonce-renaissance-release-date |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220616064927/https://www.complex.com/music/beyonce-renaissance-release-date |archive-date=16 June 2022 |access-date=27 July 2022 |website=Complex |language=en}}</ref> ​ ​​''​'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Garcia |first=Thania |date=26 October 2022 |title=Rihanna Returns to Music With 'Black Panther: Wakanda Forever' Original Song |url=https://variety.com/2022/music/news/rihanna-song-black-panther-wakanda-forever-1235412876/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221027212239/https://variety.com/2022/music/news/rihanna-song-black-panther-wakanda-forever-1235412876/ |archive-date=27 October 2022 |access-date=26 October 2022 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]] |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2023, Tems yasohoye indirimbo " Me &amp;amp; U ". <ref>{{Cite news |last=Soencer |first=Tallie |date=5 October 2023 |title=Tems Shares New Hypnotic Single "Me & U" |url=https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/721295-tems-shares-new-single-me-u |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231007074426/https://www.hotnewhiphop.com/721295-tems-shares-new-single-me-u |archive-date=7 October 2023 |access-date=6 October 2023 |work=www.hotnewhiphop.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tems returns with the brand new single, "Me & U" |url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/news/tems-returns-with-the-brand-new-single-me-u |access-date=13 October 2023 |website=The Line of Best Fit |language=en-US}}</ref> yerekana indirimbo yambere Tems yasohoye ari wenyine kuva yasohora Iyaba Orange hari ahantu, usibye igifuniko cye cya Bob Marley yise " Nta Mugore, Nta kurira " yasohotse mu <nowiki><i id="mwAiU">2022</i></nowiki> . <ref name=":14">{{Cite web |title=Tems songs and albums {{!}} full Official Chart history |url=https://www.officialcharts.com/artist/58660/tems/ |access-date=18 October 2023 |website=[[Official Charts Company]]}}</ref> "Me & U" yahawe igihembo cyindirimbo mpuzamahanga Yindashyikirwa muri 55 ya NAACP Image Awards <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=2024-03-12 |title=NAACP Image Award Winners List: Victoria Monét, Chris Brown and 'The Color Purple' Nab Early Wins at Virtual Ceremony |url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312125726/https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |archive-date=12 March 2024 |access-date=2024-03-13 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> nigihembo cyiza cya Dr. Bobby Jones Igihembo cyiza cya Gospel / Inspirational Award . Ku ya 5 Ukuboza 2023, Tems yatangaje ko indirimbo ye ya kabiri y'umwaka " Ntabwo ari Umumarayika " izasohoka ku ya 8 Ukuboza. <ref>{{Cite news |title=Tems Not An Angel Single Release Date Confirmed |url=https://uproxx.com/music/tems-not-an-angel-single-release-date/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206115620/https://uproxx.com/music/tems-not-an-angel-single-release-date/ |archive-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=7 December 2023 |work=Uproxx}}</ref> === 2024 - ubungubu: ''Kuvukira mu gasozi'' === [[Dosiye:Tems_in_2025.jpg|thumb|276x276px|Tems ikorera mu majyepfo na Southwest London muri 2025]] Muri Werurwe 2024, Tems abaye umuririmbyi wa mbere wo muri Afurika wahawe igihembo cya <nowiki><i id="mwAj8">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Award aho yahawe mu cyiciro cya Breakthrough. Alubumu yambere ya studio ya Tems ''yavukiye mu gasozi'' yasohotse ku ya 7 Nyakanga Kamena kandi izashyigikirwa n’uruzinduko ku isi. Indirimbo " Nkunda MeJJe " kuri alubumu yaramenyekanye kandi ireba mbere ya Tems ya mbere ya Coachella yashyizwe ahagaragara isohoka ku ya 25 Mata. ] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussain |first=Shahzaib |date=26 April 2024 |title=Tems Shares Blithe Summer Soundtrack 'Love Me Jeje' {{!}} News |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/news/tems-shares-blithe-summer-soundtrack-love-me-jeje/ |access-date=4 May 2024 |website=Clash Magazine Music News, Reviews & Interviews}}</ref>​​ <ref>{{Cite news |last=NPR |date=June 6, 2024 |title=Tems Tiny Desk Concert 2024 |url=https://www.npr.org/2024/06/03/g-s1-1871/tems-tiny-desk-concert |work=NPR}}</ref> Mu 2025, Tems abaye umunyarwandakazi wa mbere wagize uruhare mu ikipe yumupira wamaguru wa Shampiyona nkuru yinjira mu itsinda rya San Diego FC . Yatunguwe no gusohora umuzingo ''Urukundo rwe ni Ubwami'' ku ya 21 Ugushyingo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Breihan |first=Tom |date=2025-11-21 |title=Tems Drops Surprise New EP 'Love Is A Kingdom': Stream |url=https://stereogum.com/2480421/tems-drops-surprise-new-ep-love-is-a-kingdom/music/ |access-date=2025-11-21 |website=Stereogum |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuhanzi == Nyina wa Tems yamwemereye gusa kumva umuziki wa gikristo akiri umwana. Mu myaka ye y'ubwangavu, yashishikajwe na R&amp;amp;B na hip hop, atangira kumva abahanzi nka Burna Boy, Lauryn Hill, Adele, Rihanna, Coldplay, Paramore, na Asa . <ref name=":4"/> Yateze amatwi kandi Destiny's Child, Beyoncé, Lil Wayne, na Aaliyah, kandi yigeze kuvuga indirimbo ya Alicia Keys yo mu 2004, " Niba ntakubonye " mu gitaramo cya Live. Tems yiswe Aaliyah, " Koga Nziza " ya Frank Ocean, na " I Gotta Find Peace of Mind " ya Lauryn Hill nk'ibitekerezo byubaka muri icyo gihe, avuga ko indirimbo ya Hill ari "cyane, mu mwuka cyane". Yagaragaje uburyo umuziki w'abo bahanzi wamufashije kumva uburyo indirimbo zishobora guhuza amarangamutima, gutanga isano yo mu mwuka, no kuba inzira yo kwigaragaza neza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-02-11 |title=For Nigeria's Tems, Music Is a Gift |url=https://djbooth.net/features/2021-02-11-tems-interview-audiomack/ |access-date=2025-03-30 |website=DJBooth |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi ==   '''Album za studio''' * ''Yavukiye mu gasozi'' (2024) '''Imizingo yagutse''' * ''Amatwi yamenetse'' (2020) * ''Niba Orange yari Ikibanza'' (2021) * ''Urukundo Nubwami'' (2025) == Ingendo == '''Umutwe''' * Yavukiye mu ruzinduko == Ibihembo naho yatoranyijwe == Tems yahawe ibihembo byinshi, harimo ibihembo bibiri bya Grammy, <nowiki><i id="mwAu8">Billboard</i></nowiki> Women in Music Award, ibihembo bine bya NAACP, ibihembo bine BET <ref name=":13"/> na Soul Train Music Awards eshatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Beresford |first=Trilby |last2=Coates |first2=Tyler |date=27 February 2022 |title=2022 NAACP Image Awards: 'The Harder They Fall' Takes Best Film, Jennifer Hudson Named Entertainer of the Year |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228000643/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/tv/tv-news/naacp-image-awards-2022-winners-list-1235100121/ |archive-date=28 February 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |website=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Respers France |first=Lisa |date=29 November 2021 |title=Soul Train Awards 2021: The winners list |url=https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302213738/https://www.cnn.com/2021/11/29/entertainment/soul-train-2021-winners-list/index.html |archive-date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Breaking: BET Soul Train Awards 2022 Winners (Full List) |url=https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221127123949/https://techscoopsng.com/bet-soul-train-awards-2022-winners-full-list/ |archive-date=27 November 2022 |access-date=27 November 2022 |website=Techscoops |publisher=Tolulope Olulana}}</ref> <ref name=":13" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jackson |first=Angelique |date=12 March 2024 |title=NAACP Image Award Winners List: Victoria Monét, Chris Brown and 'The Color Purple' Nab Early Wins at Virtual Ceremony |url=https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312023120/https://variety.com/2024/awards/awards/naacp-image-award-winners-list-2024-1235938776/ |archive-date=12 March 2024 |access-date=12 March 2024 |website=Variety}}</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] j45c6ovq7cap3ab4ss78gsuz6o8s279 0 21344 139291 136064 2026-09-23T07:38:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139291 wikitext text/x-wiki Uru ni '''urutonde rw'ubutumwa bwa diplomasi mu Rwanda'''. [[Umurwa]] mukuru [[Kigali]] kuri ubu ubarizwamo ambasade 44 na komisiyo nkuru. [[Dosiye:Diplomatic_missions_in_Rwanda.png|center|thumb|400x400px|Ikarita y’ubutumwa bwa diplomasi mu Rwanda]] == Inshingano za diplomasi muri Kigali == === Ambasade na Komisiyo Nkuru === Ibyanditswe byanditseho inyenyeri (*) ni ibihugu byibumbiye mu muryango wa Commonwealth. Ibyo bihugu nibyo ambassade zabyo zitwa komisiyo nkuru cyangwa 'High Commission' mu rurimi rw'icyongerezarimi rw'icyongereza. # Algeria # Angola # Brazil # Burundi # Canada* # China # Congo-Brazzaville # Denmark* # Egypt # Ethiopia # France # Germany # [[Gabon]]* # Ghana* # Guinea # Holy See # India* # Israel # Japan # [[Kenya]]* # Libya # Luxembourg # Mali # Morocco # Mozambique* # Netherlands # Nigeria* # Pakistan* # Poland # Qatar # Russia # South Africa* # South Korea # Senegal # Sudan # Sweden # Tanzania* # Turkey # Uganda* # Ukraine # United Arab Emirates # United Kingdom* # United States # Zimbabwe === Ubundi butumwa cyangwa intumwa === # European Union (Delegation) # Hungary (Embassy office) #  Switzerland (Cooperation office & consular agency) == Ambasade zidatuye ariko zemewe mu Rwanda == === Izituye i Addis Abeba, muri Etiyopiya === # Armenia # Azerbaijan # Benin # Djibouti # Georgia # Guinea-Bissau # Lesotho # Malta # New Zealand # Niger # Portugal === izituye i Dar es Salaam, muri Tanzaniya === # Finland # Indonesia # Malawi # Namibia # Norway # Somalia # Spain # Vietnam # Zambia === izituye i Kampala, muri Uganda === # Cuba # Iran # Ireland # Italy # Saudi Arabia # South Sudan # Sahrawi Republic # Venezuela === Izituye i Nairobi, muri Kenya === # Argentina # Australia # Austria # Bangladesh # Barbados # Botswana # Burkina Faso # Chile # Colombia # Czech Republic # Cyprus # Greece # Hungary # Jordan # Kuwait # Malaysia # Mexico # Oman # Philippines # Romania # Serbia # Sierra Leone # Slovakia # Sri Lanka # Switzerland # Thailand # Tunisia === Izituye i Pretoriya, Afurika y'Epfo === # Croatia # Dominican Republic # Madagascar # Seychelles ===  Izituye mu yindi mijyi === # Bahrain (Tunis) # Cameroon (Kinshasa) # Chad (Brazzaville) # Equatorial Guinea (Brazzaville) # Eswatini (Maputo) # Gambia (Abuja) # Ivory Coast (Kinshasa) # Jamaica (Abuja) # Mauritania (Khartoum) #   Nepal (Cairo) # Nicaragua (Harare) # Singapore (Singapore) == Reba kandi == * Umubano w’ububanyi n’amahanga bw'u Rwanda * [[Urutonde rw'Ibihugu u Rwanda rufitemo za Ambasade kwisi|Urutonde rw'ubutumwa bwa diplomasi mu Rwanda]] * Ibisabwa bya viza ku benegihugu b'u Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist|3}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.minaffet.gov.rw/ Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga y’u Rwanda] {{Diplomatic missions in Rwanda}}{{Foreign relations of Rwanda}}{{Africa topic|List of diplomatic missions in|countries_only=yes}} 8pn47gpjgjvha6sv5sxxa6pz87vvqw9 0 21345 139043 126795 2026-09-23T00:18:15Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139043 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox Musical Artist | background = Burna Boy is a Nigerian Afro-fusion singer, songwriter, and performer known for his global influence on modern African music | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1991|07|02}} | birth_place = Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria | name = Burna Boy | occupation = Singer .songwriterrecord producer | genre = Afrobeats reggae dancehall pop | label = Atlantic . Spaceship | instrument = Vocalskeyboards | birth_name = Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu }} '''Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu''' (wavutse ku ya 2 Nyakanga 1991), uzwi ku izina rya '''Burna Boy''', ni umuraperi wo muri [[Nijeriya]], umwanditsi w'indirimbo, ndetse na producer. Yamenyekanye cyane muri 2012 nyuma yo gushyira ahagaragara "Like to Party", indirimbo ya mbere ku muzingo we wambere we yakoreye muri studio ''[[:en:L.I.F.E|L.I.F.E]]'' (2013). Muri 2017, Burna Boy yasinyanye amasezerano na [[:en:Atlantic_Records|Atlantic Records]] hamwe n’isosiyete nkuru ya [[:en:Warner_Music_Group|Warner Music Group]] . Album ye ya gatatu ya studio ''[[:en:Outside_(Burna_Boy_album)|Outside]]'', yaje kumenyekana cyane muri label ya mbere, yasohotse muri 2018 Mu 2019, Burna Boy yatsindiye '''Best International Act''' mu bihembo bya BET Award, kandi atoranywa nka '''[[:en:Apple_Music_Up_Next|Apple Music Up Next artist]]'''. Muri uwo mwaka nyine, yasohoye '''alubumu ye ya kane'''ya studio, ''African Giant'', yatsindiye Album yumwaka muri 2019 All Music Music Awards 2019 kandi yatorewe kuba Album yumuziki mwiza ku isi muri 62 ya Grammy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 November 2019 |title=2Baba Burna Boy and Others Win at AFRIMA 2019 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/24/2baba-burna-boy-others-win-at-afrima-2019/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127205921/https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/24/2baba-burna-boy-others-win-at-afrima-2019/ |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=24 November 2019 |publisher=ChannelsTV |language=en}}</ref> ] <ref name="autogenerated3">{{Cite web |last=Durosomo |first=Damolo |date=20 November 2019 |title=Burna Boy, Angelique Kidjo, Trevor Noah & More Earn 2020 Grammy Nominations |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-angelique-kidjo-trevor-noah-more-earn-2020-african-artists-grammy-nominations-full-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191121141704/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-angelique-kidjo-trevor-noah-more-earn-2020-african-artists-grammy-nominations-full-list/ |archive-date=21 November 2019 |access-date=20 November 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref>''​''​ <ref>{{Cite web |title=GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/ |access-date=27 November 2020 |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2021 |title=Grammys 2021: Burna Boy win at music awards |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-56393983 |access-date=14 March 2021 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Yatsindiye amategeko mpuzamahanga meza muri 2021 BET Awards kunshuro ya gatatu. Album ya gatandatu ya studio ya Burna Boy ''Love, Damini'', yasohotse muri Nyakanga 2022, ibaye alubumu ya mbere yo Muri Nigeriya ku mbonerahamwe <nowiki><i id="mwTA">ya Billboard</i></nowiki> 200 . Yabaye kandi alubumu nyafurika yagaragaye cyane mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], [[Ubuholandi]], n'Ubwongereza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 July 2022 |title=5 Records Burna Boy Set with His Album 'Love Damini' Worldwide |url=https://notjustok.com/article/records-burna-boy-set-with-love-damini-worldwide/}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2022, Burna Boy yahawe igihembo cy’umunyamuryango wa Order of the Federal Republic kubera ibyo yagezeho muri muzika. <ref name="Alake">{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Olumide |date=2022-10-12 |title=More wins: Burna Boy's dad receives MFR award on son's behalf, 2Baba bags MON |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1497262-burna-boys-dad-receives-mfr-award-buhari-sons-behalf-2baba-bags-mon-award-video-trends-fans-react/ |access-date=12 October 2022 |website=[[Legit.ng]] |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2023, ''Rolling Stone'' yamushyize ku mwanya wa 197 ku rutonde rw’abaririmbyi 200 bakomeye mu bihe byose. Burna Boy yatsindiye International Act mpuzamahanga muri 2023 BET Awards . Indirimbo ye " <ref>{{Cite web |title=BET Awards 2023: Burna Boy Wins Best International Act |url=https://www.bet.com/article/erlxre/bet-awards-burna-boy-2023-wins-best-international-act |access-date=2023-06-29 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230629003857/https://www.bet.com/article/erlxre/bet-awards-burna-boy-2023-wins-best-international-act |url-status=dead}}</ref> " yatsindiye Afrobeats Ingaragu yumwaka nindirimbo yumwaka kuri Headies 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-04 |title=Headies 2023: Burna Boy, Rema, Asake, win big in US [Full winners list] |url=https://dailytrust.com/headies-2023-burna-boy-rema-asake-win-big-in-us-full-winners-list/ |access-date=2023-09-04 |website=Daily Trust |language=en-GB}}</ref> Burna Boy yabaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika ufite alubumu ebyiri zinjije miliyari irenga 1 kuri Spotify. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy makes Spotify history with record-breaking albums {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boy-is-first-nigerian-with-2-albums-with-1-billion-spotify-streams/fxgb7h1 |access-date=2024-12-13 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Ubuzima n'umwuga == === Ubuzima bwambere nuburere === Damini Ebunoluwa Ogulu yavutse ku ya 2 Nyakanga 1991, avukira i Port Harcourt, muri Leta ya Rivers, muri Nijeriya. <ref name="vogue2018">{{Cite news |last=Hahn |first=Rachel |date=27 February 2018 |title=Nigerian Singer Burna Boy on His Patchwork Approach to Style |url=https://www.vogue.com/article/burna-boy-global-100-style-profile-outside |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191218225217/https://www.vogue.com/article/burna-boy-global-100-style-profile-outside |archive-date=18 December 2019 |access-date=4 November 2019 |work=[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]}}</ref> Nyina, Bose Ogulu, yakoraga nk'umusemuzi w'ururimi, naho se Samuel Ogulu, yayoboraga isosiyete yo gusudira. Sekuru ubyara Benson Idonije yigeze kuyobora Fela Kuti . <ref name="SSense">{{Cite web |last=Ducreay |first=Safra |date=4 April 2018 |title=Burna Boy, Afrofusion Superhero |url=https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/music/burna-boy-afrofusion-superhero |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190506033627/https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/music/burna-boy-afrofusion-superhero |archive-date=6 May 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=SSense}}</ref> <ref name="wsj2019">{{Cite news |last=Shah |first=Neil |date=4 November 2019 |title=A Nigerian Pop Star Finds Success in the U.S., On His Own Terms |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-nigerian-pop-star-finds-success-in-the-u-s-on-his-own-terms-11572884659 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191104191935/https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-nigerian-pop-star-finds-success-in-the-u-s-on-his-own-terms-11572884659 |archive-date=4 November 2019 |access-date=4 November 2019 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Nyuma, nyina amubera umuyobozi. <ref name="GQ">{{Cite news |last=Ogunnaike |first=Lola |date=4 March 2020 |title=Burna Boy Is Trying to Wake Up Africa |url=https://www.gq.com/story/burna-boy-african-king-profile |access-date=3 May 2020 |work=GQ |language=en}}</ref> Ogulu yakuriye mu majyepfo ya Nijeriya maze atangira gukora wenyine akoresheje Studio ya FL . <ref name="SSense" /> <ref name="atlantic2019">{{Cite news |last=Giorgis |first=Hannah |date=26 July 2019 |title=The 'African Giant' Challenging Musical Boundaries |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/07/burna-boy-african-giant-bombastic-nigerian-pop/594610/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190904094849/https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2019/07/burna-boy-african-giant-bombastic-nigerian-pop/594610/ |archive-date=4 September 2019 |access-date=4 November 2019 |work=[[The Atlantic]]}}</ref> Yize amashuri yisumbuye ya Corona i Agbara, muri Leta ya Ogun, mbere yo kwimukira i Londere mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], kugira ngo akomeze amasomo ye. <ref name="SSense" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy Drops New Single "Yawa Dey" |url=https://www.channelstv.com/tag/corona-secondary-school/ |access-date=28 February 2020 |publisher=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref>​ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nigeria : Information by country or region : ... : Study with us : University of Sussex |url=https://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/international-students/information-by-country/nigeria |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250520131821/https://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/international-students/information-by-country/nigeria |archive-date=20 May 2025 |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=sussex.ac.uk |language=en}}</ref>​ <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy {{!}} Universal Music publishing Group |url=https://www.umusicpub.com/uk/Artists/B/Burna-Boy.aspx |access-date=28 April 2022 |website=Universal Music publishing Group UK}}</ref>​ Yatangiye umwuga we wa muzika nyuma yo gusubira i <ref name=":1" /> <ref name=":1" /> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy Biography, Songs, & Albums |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/burna-boy-mn0003297650/biography |access-date=2022-12-26 |website=AllMusic |language=en}}</ref> === 2012–2015: L.I.F.E ''(Kureka Ingaruka Ziteka)'' na ''SPACESHIP'' === [[Dosiye:Afrobeats_star_Burna_Boy_performing_with_at_Nativeland_Concert,_Lagos,_Nigeria_2016.jpg|thumb|Burna Boy aririmbira mu gitaramo cya Nativeland i Lagos, 2016]] Album ya mbere ya studio ya Burna Boy, ''L.I.F.E'', yasohotse ku ya 12 Kanama 2013, ibera nk'ikurikirana rya mixtape ye ya kabiri ''Burn Identity'' (2011). Iyi alubumu yagurishije kopi 40.000 kumunsi yasohotse. Aristokrat Records yaje kugurisha uburenganzira bwayo bwo kwamamaza muri Uba Pacific kuri ₦ 10&nbsp;miliyoni. <ref name="allAfrica.com">{{Cite web |last=Abulude |first=Samuel |date=6 September 2013 |title=Nigeria: Burna Boy Sells Debut Album Rights for N10 Million |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201309060110.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201953/http://allafrica.com/stories/201309060110.html |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=1 July 2014 |website=allAfrica.com |publisher=allAfrica via Leadership Nigeria}}</ref> Gusohora alubumu yabanjirijwe 'five : "Like to Party", "Tonight", "Always Love You", "Run my Race", na "Yawa Dey". ''L,I.F.E'' yakozwe na Leriq rwose kandi bugaragaramo abashyitsi kuva [[:en:2Baba|2face Idibia]], MI Abaga, Timaya, Olamide, Reminisce, na [[Wiz kid|Wizkid]], nibindi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iwar |first=Sute |date=23 August 2013 |title=Burna Boy's Album Debut 'L.I.F.E' |url=http://www.okayafrica.com/audio/burna-boy-life-debut-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714131613/http://www.okayafrica.com/audio/burna-boy-life-debut-album/ |archive-date=14 July 2014 |access-date=1 July 2014 |website=Okayafrica.com |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> ''Nigeriya Imyidagaduro Uyu munsi'' yashyize alubumu ku mwanya wa 10 ku rutonde rwa Album ya 12 nziza ya 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonge |first=Osagie |date=29 December 2013 |title=12 best albums of 2013 – The definitive list from Nigerian Entertainment Today |url=http://thenet.ng/2013/12/12-best-albums-of-2013-the-definitive-list-from-nigerian-entertainment-today/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510082520/http://thenet.ng/2013/12/12-best-albums-of-2013-the-definitive-list-from-nigerian-entertainment-today/ |archive-date=10 May 2016 |access-date=1 July 2014 |website=thenet.ng |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Umuziki wa alubumu watewe inkunga na Fela Kuti, King Sunny Ade, na Bob Marley . Yakiriye neza muri rusange abanegura umuziki, bashimye umusaruro wayo. Yatowe muri Album nziza yumwaka muri 2014 Nigeriya Imyidagaduro . Muri Kanama 2013, ''L.I.F.E y''ageze ku mwanya wa karindwi ku mbonerahamwe ya Album ''ya Billboard'' Reggae . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2018 |title=Burna Boy tops billboard reggae album chart with 'Outside' |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/burna-boy-tops-billboard-reggae-album-chart-outside/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331163914/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/02/burna-boy-tops-billboard-reggae-album-chart-outside/ |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> Muri 2014, Burna Boy yatandukanye na Aristokrat Records; <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2014 |title=Burnaboy leaves Aristokrat Records |url=https://www.thecable.ng/burnaboy-leaves-aristokrat-records |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232130/https://www.thecable.ng/burnaboy-leaves-aristokrat-records |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=TheCable |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Arogundade |first=Funsho |date=27 February 2015 |title=Burna Boy Floats SpaceShip Entertainment |url=https://www.pmnewsnigeria.com/2015/02/27/burna-boy-floats-spaceship-entertainment/ |access-date=16 February 2020 |website=P.M News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 November 2015 |title=Burna Boy Releases 'On a Spaceship' Album |url=http://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/22965/burna-boy-releases-on-a-spaceship-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182439/http://silverbirdtv.com/uncategorized/22965/burna-boy-releases-on-a-spaceship-album/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |publisher=SilverbirdTV |language=en-US}}</ref> yashinze label yandika ''yitwa'' Spaceship Entertainment '','' muri Gashyantare 2015. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Listen To Burna Boy's New EP Redemption |url=https://www.thefader.com/2016/09/23/burna-boy-redemption-ep |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182337/https://www.thefader.com/2016/09/23/burna-boy-redemption-ep |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 September 2016 |title=Burna Boy drops 7-track EP 'Redemption' |url=http://thenet.ng/burna-boy-drops-7-track-ep-redemption/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232222/http://thenet.ng/burna-boy-drops-7-track-ep-redemption/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-GB}}</ref> === 2018–2019: ''Hanze'' na ''Nini Nyafurika'' === Ku ya 19 Mutarama 2018, Burna Boy yagaragaye mu itsinda ry’abanyamerika ryitwa Fall Out Boy ryitwa "Sunshine Riptide", umurongo wa alubumu yabo ya karindwi ''yitwa Mania'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Orubo |first=Daniel |date=19 January 2018 |title=Listen To Burna Boy Kill It On Fall Out Boy's 'Sunshine Riptide' |url=http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/listen-to-burna-boy-kill-it-on-fall-out-boys-sunshine-riptide/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113182340/http://www.konbini.com/ng/entertainment/listen-to-burna-boy-kill-it-on-fall-out-boys-sunshine-riptide/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=Konbini Nigeria |language=en-NG}}</ref> Yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya gatatu ya studio, ''Outside'', nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe, ku ya 26 Mutarama 2018. Uyu muhanzikazi yavuze ko ari imvange, ''Outside'' igizwe ahanini na afrobeats, Dancehall, reggae, na rap rap . Irimo abashyitsi bagaragaye mu baririmbyi b'Abongereza J Hus, Lily Allen, na Mabel . ''Outside y''ashyigikiwe n'indirimbo esheshatu: "Rock Your Body", "Streets Africa", "Koni Baje", "Sekkle Down", "Heaven's Gate" na " Ye ". Umusaruro wayo wakozwe na Leriq, Baba Stiltz, Jae 5, Juls, Chopstix, Steel Banglez, Fred Gibson, Phantom, na FTSE. Iyi alubumu yakiriwe neza kandi yashyizwe ku rutonde na Pulse Nigeria na ''Nigeriya Imyidagaduro Uyu munsi'' nka alubumu nziza yo muri Nijeriya yo muri 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=12 December 2018 |title=Pulse List 2018: Top 10 Nigerian albums |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-list-2018-top-10-nigerian-albums/tzhymhd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117122306/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-list-2018-top-10-nigerian-albums/tzhymhd |archive-date=17 January 2019 |access-date=17 January 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Atayero |first=Adeoluwa |date=7 December 2018 |title=Ranking The 10 Best Albums Of 2018 |url=http://thenet.ng/ranking-10-best-albums-2018-net-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181212172736/http://thenet.ng/ranking-10-best-albums-2018-net-list/ |archive-date=12 December 2018 |access-date=17 January 2019 |publisher=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Yatsindiye Album y'umwaka muri 2018 Imyidagaduro ya Nigeria . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=19 November 2019 |title=Davido, Tiwa Savage and Burna Boy win at 2018 Nigerian Entertainment Awards [See full list |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-tiwa-savage-and-burna-boy-win-at-2018-nigerian-entertainment-awards-see-full/77zs365 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190330233255/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/davido-tiwa-savage-and-burna-boy-win-at-2018-nigerian-entertainment-awards-see-full/77zs365 |archive-date=30 March 2019 |access-date=30 March 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> 2018, ''Hanze'' yerekanwe ku mwanya wa gatatu ku mbonerahamwe ya Album ''ya Billboard'' Reggae. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Praise |first=Billy |date=7 February 2018 |title=Burna Boy's "Outside" Album Debuts On Billboard's Reggae Chart |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-outside-album-debuts-on-billboards-reggae-chart/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331031345/https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-outside-album-debuts-on-billboards-reggae-chart/ |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=31 March 2019 |publisher=Guardian Life}}</ref> Indirimbo imwe yo muri alubumu, "Ye", yarangije ku rutonde rw’ibitabo byinshi byo muri Nijeriya umwaka urangiye nk'indirimbo nini ya 2018. <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 December 2018 |title=Pulse List 2018: Here is the hottest Nigerian song of the year |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boys-ye-is-the-hottest-nigerian-song-of-2018/yq2vd9l |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232340/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boys-ye-is-the-hottest-nigerian-song-of-2018/yq2vd9l |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=pulse.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Isama |first=Antoinette |date=11 January 2019 |title=The Best Nigerian Songs of 2018 |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-songs-best-2018-year-listen-stream/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190114002140/https://www.okayafrica.com/nigerian-songs-best-2018-year-listen-stream/ |archive-date=14 January 2019 |website=Okay Africa}}</ref> Ku ya 7 Ukwakira 2018, Burna Boy yaririmbye mbere y’imbaga yagurishijwe muri O2 Academy Brixton ya London. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Durosomo |first=Damola |date=8 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy Took Over London's O2 Academy With a Massive, Sold-Out Show |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-concert-show-o2-academy-brixton-london-sold-out-ye-performance/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065947/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-concert-show-o2-academy-brixton-london-sold-out-ye-performance/ |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Umunsi umwe mbere yiki gitaramo, yakoze ibirori byamamaye kuri Red by Little Farm hanyuma agurisha udusanduku duto tw’ibinyampeke bye bya Space Puffs, hamwe n'amakaye yabigenewe, amatara, hamwe n'amashati ashushanyije. Ku <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abubakar |first=Murtala |date=7 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy unveils 'Space Puffs' cereal at London pop-up event |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/burna-boy-space-puff-london/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228071241/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/burna-boy-space-puff-london/ |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |publisher=The Cable Lifestyle}}</ref> Ukwakira 2018, yatangajwe nk'umwe mu bahanzi bashya ba Afro Hub ba Spotify . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ukiwe |first=Urenna |date=9 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy Has Been Listed As One Of Spotify's New Afro Hub Takeover Artist |url=https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boy-has-been-listed-as-one-of-spotifys-new-afro-hub-takeover-artist/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228070109/https://guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boy-has-been-listed-as-one-of-spotifys-new-afro-hub-takeover-artist/ |archive-date=28 February 2019 |access-date=27 February 2019 |publisher=Guardian Life}}</ref> Iri tangazo ryamuhuriranye no kwitwa Umuhanzi wa YouTube kuri Rise mu gihe cy'amezi atatu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ukiwe |first=Urenna |date=23 October 2018 |title=Burna Boy Lights Up Times Square As YouTube's Artist Of The Month |url=https://guardian.ng/life/burna-boy-lights-up-times-square-as-youtubes-artist-of-the-month/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113232233/https://guardian.ng/life/burna-boy-lights-up-times-square-as-youtubes-artist-of-the-month/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> Ku ya 3 Mutarama 2019, Burna Boy yatangajwe hamwe na Bwana Eazi nk'umwe mu bahanzi bitabira iserukiramuco rya muzika n'ubuhanzi rya Coachella Valley 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=adekunle |date=3 January 2019 |title=Burna Boy, Mr Eazi to make Coachella debut |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/burna-boy-mr-eazi-to-make-coachella-debut/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103210355/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/burna-boy-mr-eazi-to-make-coachella-debut/ |archive-date=3 January 2019 |access-date=3 January 2019 |website=Vanguard News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Yatsindiye ibihembo bine mu iserukiramuco rya MVP rya Soundcity MVP, harimo Umuhanzi nyafurika w’umwaka, Guhitamo abumva, na MVP nziza y'abagabo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=adekunle |date=6 January 2019 |title=Soundcity MVP: Burna Boy wins African Artist of the Year |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/soundcity-mvp-burna-boy-wins-african-artist-of-the-year/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113174217/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2019/01/soundcity-mvp-burna-boy-wins-african-artiste-of-the-year/ |archive-date=13 January 2019 |access-date=13 January 2019 |website=Vanguard News Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Ku ya 21 Werurwe 2019, Burna Boy yasohoye EP-4 ikorana na EP hamwe na DJDS ikorera mu mujyi wa Los Angeles, yitwa ''Steel &amp;amp; Copper'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Minsker |first=Evan |date=21 March 2019 |title=DJDS and Burna Boy Release New Steel & Copper EP: Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/djds-and-burna-boy-release-new-steel-and-copper-ep-listen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190331131747/https://pitchfork.com/news/djds-and-burna-boy-release-new-steel-and-copper-ep-listen/ |archive-date=31 March 2019 |access-date=5 April 2019 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> EP ihuza injyana ya Burna Boy hamwe na DJDS umutego ucuramye. <ref name="Native 1">{{Cite web |last=Abimbolu |first=Debola |date=22 March 2019 |title=Essentials: Burna Boy and DJDS's 'Steel and Copper' |url=https://thenativemag.com/music/burna-boy-teams-los-angeles-production-duo-djds-new-ep-steel-cooper/ |access-date=21 January 2020 |website=Native}}</ref> '']'' <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1" />​​​​ <ref name="Native 1" /> <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 1">{{Cite web |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=25 March 2019 |title=Burna Boy's ''Steel and Copper'' with DJDS is his most experimental project yet |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boy-djds-steel-and-copper-review/60ymg0w |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707025958/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/burna-boy-djds-steel-and-copper-review/60ymg0w |archive-date=7 July 2019 |access-date=21 January 2020 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Ku ya 24 Kamena 2019, Burna Boy yatsindiye amategeko mpuzamahanga meza muri BET Awards 2019 . Muri <ref name=":0">{{Cite news |date=24 June 2019 |title=Burna Boy wins Best International Act at 2019 BET awards |url=https://oak.tv/newstrack/burna-boy-wins-best-international-act-2019-bet-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190624141540/https://oak.tv/newstrack/burna-boy-wins-best-international-act-2019-bet-awards/ |archive-date=24 June 2019 |access-date=24 June 2019 |agency=Oak Tv}}</ref>, yatangajwe nk'umuhanzi wa Apple Music Up Next . <ref>{{Cite news |title=Burna Boy na Apple Music Up Next Artist |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-48933981 |access-date=2023-06-27 |work=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> muri gahunda yaherekejwe n'ikiganiro Beats 1 yagiranye na Julie Adenuga na documentaire ngufi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tambini |first=Kam |date=9 July 2019 |title=Burna Boy Is Apple Music's New 'Up Next' Artist |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-apple-music-up-next/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190710153004/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-apple-music-up-next/ |archive-date=10 July 2019 |access-date=20 July 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> Yanditse "Ja Ara E" ( Yoruba : "ubwenge bwenge" cyangwa "koresha umutwe wawe") kuri Beyoncé ' ''Ntare Umwami: Impano'' kandi niwe muhanzi wabatumirwa wenyine ufite inzira zabo kuri alubumu y'amajwi. <ref name="Chicago Sun-Times">{{Cite web |last=Gary Gerard Hamilton |date=22 August 2019 |title=Afrobeat pioneer Burna Boy, to play House of Blues, making a name for himself in the U.S. |url=https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/8/22/20823183/burna-boy-beyonce-lion-king-afro-fusion-african-giant |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190913181734/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/8/22/20823183/burna-boy-beyonce-lion-king-afro-fusion-african-giant |archive-date=13 September 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=Chicago Sun-Times}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Isama |first=Antoinette |date=30 November 2019 |title=The Crossover: How Burna Boy's Grammy Nod Proves The Power of Consistency |url=https://www.vibe.com/2019/11/burna-boy-grammy-nomination-opinion |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191130204248/https://www.vibe.com/2019/11/burna-boy-grammy-nomination-opinion |archive-date=30 November 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=Vibe}}</ref> Album ya kane ya sitidiyo ya Burna Boy, ''African Giant'', yasohotse ku ya 26 Nyakanga 2019. Yashyigikiwe n’indirimbo esheshatu: "Gbona", "Kuri Hasi", Killin Dem "," Dangote " Umuntu uwo ari we wese "na" Kurura ". Yatangiye gufata alubumu mu mwaka wa 2018, abwira ''Billboard'' ko ari umushinga we bwite mu gihe cyo kumva <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 13">{{Cite web |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=17 April 2019 |title=Pulse Exclusive: Burna Boy set to drop new album 'African Giant' |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-exclusive-burna-boy-set-to-drop-new-album-african-giant/9jzh15r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190526134727/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/pulse-exclusive-burna-boy-set-to-drop-new-album-african-giant/9jzh15r |archive-date=26 May 2019 |access-date=26 May 2019 |publisher=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Los Angeles. basanganywe ku mbuga ''nkoranyambaga'' . Mu ntangiriro yatangarijwe nka alubumu 16-yerekana <ref name="Pulse Nigeria 13" /> Mu rwego rwo kumenyekanisha alubumu, Burna Boy yayoboye uruzinduko rw’Africa igaruka, igice cya kabiri cy’uruzinduko rwe muri Afurika, <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 June 2019 |title=Burna Boy Announces 'The African Giant Returns Tour' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-tour-african-giant-returns/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190720200529/https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-tour-african-giant-returns/ |archive-date=20 July 2019 |access-date=20 July 2019 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref name="OkayAfrica 21">{{Cite web |last=Durosomo |first=Damola |date=15 November 2019 |title=Burna Boy Samples Fela's 'Shakara' on New Track, 'My Money, My Baby' From 'Queen & Slim' Soundtrack |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-burna-boys-new-song-my-money-my-baby-from-the-queen-slim-soundtrack/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191122131305/https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-burna-boys-new-song-my-money-my-baby-from-the-queen-slim-soundtrack/ |archive-date=22 November 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=OkayAfrica}}</ref> yanditse "Amafaranga yanjye, ''Umwamikazi &amp;amp; Slim'' ' " Indirimbo ''ya'' 1972 " <ref name="OkayAfrica 21" /> ​​ <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2019 |title=Burna Boy first afrobeat star to sell out at Wembley Arena – P.M. News |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/11/04/burna-boy-first-afrobeat-star-to-sell-out-at-wembley-arena/ |access-date=10 November 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2020–2022: ''Inshuro ebyiri z'uburebure'' n'urukundo '', Damini'' === Muri Mata 2020, Burna Boy yaririmbye ''Isi imwe: Hamwe murugo'' bidasanzwe. Ku ya 19 Kamena 2020, yagaragaye kuri remix yindirimbo ya virusi ya Master KG yo muri Afrika yepfo " Jerusalema ". <ref name="News24">{{Cite web |last=Mavuso |first=Karabo |date=29 June 2020 |title=Master KG's Jerusalem gets 30 million views on YouTube! |url=https://www.news24.com/amp/drum/celebs/news/master-kgs-jerusalem-gets-30-million-views-on-youtube-20200629 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=[[News24 (website)|News24]]}}</ref> Burna Boy yakoresheje umukono wa afrobeat yumukono ku ndirimbo <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samanga |first=Rufaro |date=19 June 2020 |title=Listen to Master KG and Nomcebo's 'Jerusalema' Remix Featuring Burna Boy |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-master-kg-and-nomcebos-jerusalema-remix-featuring-burna-boy/148026 |access-date=27 July 2020 |website=[[OkayAfrica]]}}</ref> ndetse anaririmba igice mururimi rwa isiZulu . <ref name="News24" /> Ku ya 30 Nyakanga 2020, Burna Boy yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuhanzi w’umwongereza Sam Smith, " My Oasis ", indirimbo ya mbere muri alubumu yabo ya gatatu ya studio, ''Urukundo Rugenda'' . Album ye <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 July 2020 |title=Burna Boy Featured In Sam Smith's New Single 'My Oasis' |url=https://hiphopza.com/burna-boy-featured-in-sam-smiths-new-single-my-oasis/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210114231550/https://hiphopza.com/burna-boy-featured-in-sam-smiths-new-single-my-oasis/ |archive-date=14 January 2021 |access-date=29 July 2020}}</ref> ya studio, ''Twice as Tall'', yasohotse ku ya 14 Kanama 2020. Yakozwe na Diddy na nyina, Bose Ogulu . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pareles |first=Jon |date=5 August 2020 |title=Burna Boy Has the Whole World Listening |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/05/arts/music/burna-boy-twice-as-tall.html |access-date=18 August 2020 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moorwood |first=Victoria |date=11 August 2020 |title=Burna Boy shares tracklist for Diddy-executive produced 'Twice As Tall' |url=https://www.revolt.tv/news/2020/8/11/21363227/burna-boy-twice-as-tall-tracklist |access-date=18 August 2020 |publisher=[[Revolt (TV network)|Revolt]]}}</ref> Ku ya 24 Ugushyingo 2020, ''Inshuro ebyiri nka Tall'' yatowe muri Album nziza ku Isi ku nshuro ya 63 ya Grammy Awards . Ni umwaka wa kabiri wikurikiranya Burna Boy yabonye nomination muri iki cyiciro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 November 2020 |title=Burna Boy |url=https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/burna-boy/251682 |access-date=24 November 2020 |publisher=National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences |archive-date=26 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201126150235/https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/burna-boy/251682 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Yatsindiye igihembo cya Edison mu cyiciro cya Album ku Isi cya ''Afurika Igihangange'', kandi yatsindiye Itegeko mpuzamahanga ryiza muri MOBO Awards ku ya 9 Ukuboza, ahagarika amarushanwa ya Drake, Megan Thee Stallion, Lil Baby na Roddy Ricch . Mu birori <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 December 2020 |title=MOOBOs 2020: Full winners list, highlights performance from awards |url=https://metro.co.uk/2020/12/09/mobos-2020-full-winners-list-highlights-performance-from-awards-13728485/ |access-date=10 December 2020 |website=Metro |location=UK}}</ref> ngarukamwaka bya Grammy Awards byabaye ku ya 15 Werurwe 2021, yatsindiye igihembo cya Grammy kuri Album nziza ya muzika ku isi. Indirimbo "Destiny" ya Burna Boy yashyizwe ku rutonde rw'abakinnyi mu muhango wo gutangiza Joe Biden . Yatsindiye Itegeko mpuzamahanga ryiza muri <ref>{{Cite news |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=20 January 2021 |title=Nigeria: Burna Boy's Song Makes Joe Biden, Kamala Harris' Inauguration Playlist |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202101200027.html |access-date=21 January 2021 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> Awards, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika wegukanye iki gihembo inshuro eshatu zikurikiranye. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2021-07-11 |title=BET Awards 2021 Rewind: We Salute The International Artists Of The Year |url=https://www.bet.com/article/k268il/bet-awards-2021-celebrating-international-acts |access-date=2023-09-21 |work=BET |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005072020/https://www.bet.com/article/k268il/bet-awards-2021-celebrating-international-acts |url-status=dead}}</ref> Ku ya 19 Werurwe 2021, Burna Boy yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuririmbyi w’umunyakanada Justin Bieber "Ukundwa nawe", umurongo wa alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio, ''Ubutabera'' . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Music News |title=Listen to Burna Boy's Feature On Justin Bieber's 'Loved By You' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/listen-to-burna-boys-feature-on-justin-biebers-loved-by-you/121497 |access-date=19 March 2021 |website=Okay Africa |language=en-NG}}</ref> Ku ya 17 Nzeri 2021, yagaragaye ku ndirimbo y’umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika Jon Bellion yise "Ndabyumva", ikaba yaranze ubufatanye bwa mbere bw’umuziki hagati yabo bombi, ariko aba nyuma bandika "Gukundwa nawe" na Justin Bieber. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bamidele |first=Michael |date=18 September 2021 |title=Stream: Jon Bellion Features Burna Boy on New Song "I Feel It" |url=https://guardian.ng/life/stream-jon-bellion-features-burna-boy-on-new-song-i-feel-it/ |access-date=18 September 2021 |website=guardian.ng |language=en-NG}}</ref> Ku ya 4 Kamena 2022, Burna Boy yaririmbye kuri sitade y'imikino ya Belgravia i [[Harare]], muri [[Zimbabwe]], aho bivugwa ko yanze amafaranga yo kwambara igitambaro cya ZANU-PF mu rwego rwo kwemeza ubuyobozi bwa Mnangagwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy refused Zanu PF offers of money to wear scarf |url=https://www.newzimbabwe.com/burna-boy-refused-zanu-pf-offers-of-money-to-wear-scarf/}}</ref> Muri 2022, yahawe igihembo cyitwa "Best Solo Act on the World" na NME . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-11 |title=BandLab NME Awards 2022: Winners |url=https://www.nme.com/awards/winners |access-date=2023-09-21 |website=NME}}</ref> Burna Boy yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya gatandatu ya studio, ''Urukundo, Damini'', ku ya 8 Nyakanga 2022. Isohoka ryayo ryabanjirijwe n’indirimbo "Kilometero" na " Iheruka ". <ref name="thenewsguru.com">{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Burna Boy debunks rumours about his mother being one of Fela's dancers |url=https://thenewsguru.com/entertainment/burna-boy-debunks-rumours-about-his-mother-being-one-of-felas-dancers/ |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=The News Guru}}</ref> Burna Boy yakoze igitaramo cye cya mbere muri [[Jamayika|Jamayike]] ku ya 18 Ukuboza 2022, kuri Stade y'igihugu ya Jamaica. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Masters |first=Diwani |date=2022-11-17 |title='African Giant' Burna Boy to perform in Jamaica |url=https://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latest-news/african-giant-burna-boy-to-perform-in-jamaica/ |access-date=2023-01-15 |website=Jamaica Observer |language=en-US}}</ref> === 2023–2024: ''Nababwiye…'' === Muri Mata 2023, Burna Boy yasohoye indirimbo yise " Mera Na " irimo Sidhu Moose Wala, aho yahaye icyubahiro Sidhu. "Mera Na" yashushanyije ku mbonerahamwe mpuzamahanga zitandukanye zirimo Billboard Global 200, [[Kanada]] Hot 100, na New Zealand Hot Singles. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tagat |first=Anurag |date=2023-04-07 |title=Sidhu Moose Wala's Posthumous Song 'Mera Na' with Burna Boy and Steel Banglez Sees His Legend Grow |url=https://rollingstoneindia.com/sidhu-moose-wala-mera-na-song-burna-boy-steel-banglez-video/ |access-date=2023-07-10 |website=[[Rolling Stone India]] |language=en-US}}</ref>, yasohoye indirimbo " Sittin Hejuru Yisi ", yerekana cyane umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika Brandy mu 1998 yakunzwe cyane yise " Top of the World ". <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 June 2023 |title=Burna Boy - Sitting' On Top Of The World |url=https://open.spotify.com/album/3QZxr89jANriqgMK02R9Bn?si=4wk048h2SHOZ_oOLw8SdrQ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Spotify}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hussey |first=Allison |date=1 June 2023 |title=Burna Boy Shares New Song "Sittin' on Top of the World": Listen |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/burna-boy-shares-new-song-sittin-on-top-of-the-world/ |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Pitchfork}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Helfand |first=Raphael |date=1 June 2023 |title=Hear Burna Boy's celebratory new song "Sittin On Top Of The World" |url=https://www.thefader.com/2023/06/01/burna-boy-new-song-sittin-on-top-of-the-world |access-date=24 August 2023 |website=Fader}}</ref> Ku ya 10 Kamena 2023, Burna Boy abaye umuhanzi wa mbere ukomoka muri Afurika witwaye neza muri UEFA Champion League Final Kick Off Show na Pepsi . Uyu muhanzikazi yerekeje kuri sitade Olempike ya Atatürk i [[Istanbul]] muri [[Turukiya]], imbere y'abashyigikiye barenga 71.412 ndetse n'abantu barenga miliyoni 700. <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 March 2023 |title=Burna Boy to perform at the 2023 UEFA Champions League Final Kick Off Show by Pepsi |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027f-178bc57d92bf-9b08a65e0dc4-1000--burna-boy-to-perform-at-the-2023-uefa-champions-league-final/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230317080237/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/027f-178bc57d92bf-9b08a65e0dc4-1000--burna-boy-to-perform-at-the-2023-uefa-champions-league-final/ |archive-date=17 March 2023 |access-date=11 June 2023 |work=UEFA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 May 2023 |title=Anitta to co-headline 2023 UEFA Champions League Final Kick Off Show by Pepsi® with Burna Boy |url=https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0281-181688501338-c885eed8b75e-1000--anitta-to-co-headline-2023-uefa-champions-league-final-kick-/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524152518/https://www.uefa.com/uefachampionsleague/news/0281-181688501338-c885eed8b75e-1000--anitta-to-co-headline-2023-uefa-champions-league-final-kick-/ |archive-date=24 May 2023 |access-date=11 June 2023 |website=[[UEFA]]}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga, abaye umuhanzi wa mbere nyafurika wanditse kandi agurisha ibitaramo kuri stade muri Amerika, yerekeza kuri Citi Field i New York . [[Rema|[]] ''Billboard'' nk'umuhanzi wa mbere wa Afrobeat w’umwaka wa 2023 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-20 |title=Full List: Burna Boy, Rema win inaugural Billboard Afrobeats awards |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/full-list-burna-boy-rema-win-inaugural-billboard-afrobeats-awards// |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Vanguard ngr}}</ref> yatowe mu bihembo bine bya Grammy, bituma aba umuhanzi watowe kurusha abandi muri Nigeriya mu mateka ya Grammy hamwe n’abakinnyi icumi batoranijwe mu mwuga ndetse n’umunyanijeriya wa mbere wagize kandidatire mu myaka itanu yikurikiranya, kuva muri 2019 kugeza mu <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-10 |title=66th Grammys: Burna Boy, Olamide set new records |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/11/10/66th-grammys-burna-boy-olamide-set-new-records// |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Daily Post Ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-01 |title=Burna Boy most streamed artist in Sub-Saharan Africa- Spotify Wrapped 2023 |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/01/burna-boy-most-streamed-artist-in-sub-saharan-africa-spotify-wrapped-2023// |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=Daily Post Ng}}</ref> yashimiraga abahanzi bo muri Afurika ku bahatanira Grammy, The Recording Academy yavuze ko Burna Boy ari umuhanzi ukomeye muri Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-11-12 |title=No bigger star in Afrobeats than Burna Boy Grammy organisers |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/11/no-bigger-star-in-afrobeats-than-burna-boy-grammy-organisers// |access-date=2023-12-02 |website=Vanguard Ng}}</ref> ''Igihugu'' cyamwise umwidagaduro wumwaka kubera kugira umwaka utagereranywa kandi udasanzwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-19 |title=Burna Boy: Entertainer of the year |url=https://thenationonlineng.net/burna-boy-entertainer-of-the-year// |access-date=2023-12-19 |website=The Nation}}</ref> "Sittin 'on Top of the world" yakiriye igihembo cyiza cya Melodic Rap Cyiza Cyiza Cyiza cya 66 cya Grammy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |title=2024 GRAMMY Nominations: See The Full Nominees List {{!}} GRAMMY.com |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/2024-grammys-nominations-full-winners-nominees-list |access-date=2023-11-22 |website=www.grammy.com}}</ref> Burna Boy yakoze indirimbo mu birori ku ya 4 Gashyantare 2024, ari kumwe na Brandy na 21 Savage . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Duran |first=Anagricel |date=5 February 2024 |title=Watch Burna Boy perform with Brandy and 21 Savage at Grammys 2024 |url=https://www.nme.com/news/music/watch-burna-boy-perform-with-brandy-and-21-savage-at-grammys-2024-3582714 |access-date=6 February 2024 |website=NME}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2024 |title=Burna Boy to perform at 2024 Grammys, CBS announces |url=https://punchng.com/burna-boy-to-perform-at-2024-grammys-cbs-announces// |access-date=30 January 2024 |website=Punch ng}}</ref> Mu Gushyingo 2024, indirimbo ye yamenyekanye cyane "Hejuru" yatowe nk'umuziki witwaye neza muri Afurika muri Grammy Awards ya 67 ngarukamwaka, izabera muri Gashyantare 2025 kuri Crypto.com Arena i Los Angeles. Yatorewe igihembo inshuro <ref>{{Cite web |last=Berry |first=Blogger |date=2024-11-08 |title=FULL LIST: The 2025 Grammy Awards Nominees Are Out Featuring Wizkid, Burna boy & Davido |url=https://hiphoptunez.com.ng/full-list-the-2025-grammy-awards-nominees-are-out-featuring-wizkid-burna-boy-davido/ |access-date=2024-11-09 |website=HipHopTunez |language=en |archive-date=2024-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241109202302/https://hiphoptunez.com.ng/full-list-the-2025-grammy-awards-nominees-are-out-featuring-wizkid-burna-boy-davido/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> buzima bwe bwose. === 2025 - ubungubu: ''No Sign of Weakness'' === Ku ya 10 Nyakanga 2025, Burna Boy yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya munani ya studio ''Nta kimenyetso cyerekana intege nke'', irimo Travis Scott, Mick Jagger, [[Stromae]], na Shaboozey ku ndirimbo imwe. Binyuze kuri iyi alubumu, yatunganije injyana ye kuva kuba collab-uburemere kugeza ku buke. Iyi alubumu yakozwe na label ye Spaceship, hamwe na Atlantic Records na Bad Habit. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Akpoghene |first=Melony |date=2025-07-11 |title=With 'No Sign of Weakness,' Burna Boy Blazes A Tale Of Endurance, Ego & Grit |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/burna-boy-no-sign-of-weakness-review-takeaways |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Grammy Awards]]}}</ref> igaragaramo uburyo butandukanye bwa muzika butandukanye, harimo igihugu, '90s hiphop, inzu yikoranabuhanga, rock, na muzika ya elegitoroniki ya Nigeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Gerard Hamilton |first=Gary |date=2025-07-09 |title=Burna Boy's 'No Sign of Weakness' fulfills his rock star dreams |url=https://apnews.com/article/burna-boy-no-sign-weakness-afrobeats-interview-8f58f8c572c4abc24673e00a23b67089 |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Associated Press]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Maddy |date=2025-07-11 |title=Burna Boy – No Sign of Weakness |url=https://www.clashmusic.com/reviews/burna-boy-no-sign-of-weakness/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Clash (magazine)|Clash]]}}</ref> Burna Boy yatangaje ko ''nta kimenyetso cyerekana intege nke'' muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru azenguruka ibyumweru bike mbere yuko alubumu isohoka, uruzinduko rutangirira kuri Red Rocks Amphitheater muri Colorado mu Gushyingo. Ibitaramo byose byo muri Amerika ya ruguru bizagaragaramo icyiciro cya dogere 360, usibye Urutare rutukura, ruri kuri amphitheater isanzwe . Yakinnye kandi i Waldbühne i [[Berlin]] na SparkassenPark i Mönchengladbach, [[Ubudage|mu Budage]], no mu iserukiramuco rya Wireless mu Bwongereza mbere y'urugendo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Strauss |first=Matthew |date=2025-06-18 |title=Burna Boy Announces No Sign of Weakness Tour |url=https://pitchfork.com/news/burna-boy-announces-no-sign-of-weakness-tour/ |access-date=2025-07-12 |website=[[Pitchfork (website)|Pitchfork]]}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Burna Boy yakundanye n'umuraperi w’Ubwongereza Stefflon Don kuva 2018 <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 December 2020 |title=Stefflon Don: 'I'm never scared to try things' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/dec/13/rapper-stefflon-don-interview-i-am-never-scared-to-try-things |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> kugeza <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-27 |title=Why I Broke Up With Burna Boy, Stefflon Don Shares Side Of Story |url=https://independent.ng/why-i-broke-up-with-burna-boy-stefflon-don-shares-side-of-story/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=Independent Newspaper Nigeria |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ukuboza 2024, ibihuha bivuga ku mubano wa Burna Boy n'umuririmbyi w’umunyamerika R&B, Chloe Bailey, byagaragaye nyuma yo kumarana na we mu birori byo kwizihiza ' [[Detty December (Nigerian film)|Detty Ukuboza]] '. Amashusho yabo yishimira ubuzima bwa Lagos nijoro byongereye ibitekerezo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chloe Bailey Finally Addresses Burna Boy Dating Rumors |url=https://www.essence.com/lifestyle/chloe-bailey-finally-addresses-burna-boy-dating-rumors/ |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=Essence}}</ref> Ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2025, ''Premium Times Nijeriya'' yemeje ko bakundana nyuma yo kugaragara ku munsi wo gusangira n’abakundana n’abakundana i Lagos, bakishora mu ruhame. <ref>{{Cite web |title=It's Official! Burna Boy, Chloe Bailey Confirm Dating Rumors |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/772627-its-official-burna-boy-chloe-bailey-confirm-dating-rumours.html |access-date=7 February 2025 |website=Premium Times Nigeria}}</ref> Muri 2025, Burna Boy yagizwe umwe mubagabo bambaye neza ba GQ . == Ubuhanzi == Umuziki wa Burna Boy ni uruvange rwa Afrobeats, hip hop, reggae, na R&amp;amp;B . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kenan Draughorne |date=16 August 2023 |title=Pan-Africanism, family and the Wu: The gospel of Burna Boy |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2023-08-16/burna-boy-afrobeats-wu-tang-clan-rza-i-told-them |access-date=10 April 2024 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Umuziki we, avuga ko ari "Afro-fusion", ni ihuriro rya Afrobeat, dancehall, hip-hop, pop, R&B, na reggae. <ref name="Chicago Sun-Times"/> '']'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Njera Perkins |date=March 2024 |title=2024 NAACP Image Awards: 5 Tracks that Showcase Burna Boy's Unique Sound |url=https://www.bet.com/article/e34ysd/2024-naacp-image-awards-5-tracks-that-showcase-burna-boys-unique-sound |access-date=10 April 2024 |publisher=BET |archive-date=10 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240410012731/https://www.bet.com/article/e34ysd/2024-naacp-image-awards-5-tracks-that-showcase-burna-boys-unique-sound |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adedayo Laketu |date=28 August 2023 |title=6 Takeaways From Burna Boy's New Album, 'I Told Them...' |url=https://www.okayafrica.com/burna-boy-i-told-them-takeaways/ |access-date=10 April 2024 |publisher=OkayAfrica}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Brown |first=August |date=30 August 2019 |title=Review: Burna Boy celebrates L.A.'s African diaspora at star-making Wiltern show |url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-08-30/burna-boy-afrobeat-nigerian-wiltern-review |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191127212623/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-08-30/burna-boy-afrobeat-nigerian-wiltern-review |archive-date=27 November 2019 |access-date=1 December 2019 |website=Los Angeles Times}}</ref> Umuhanzi Dancehall umuhanzi Kittitian Byron Messia yamusobanuye nkumuhanzi windirimbo zidasanzwe zidasanzwe utandika amagambo cyangwa guta igihe muri studio kugirango akore indirimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 December 2023 |title=Burna Boy incredibly talented, doesn't write songs--Byron Messia |url=https://dailypost.ng/2023/12/03/burna-boy-incredibly-talented-doesnt-write-songs-byron-messia// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=Daily post}}</ref> Mu kiganiro na ''The Punch'', Burna Boy yavuze uburyo ahumekwa agira ati: "Ninjiye mu kazu maze ndyama injyana kandi umuziki uraza aho ndi. Mvugishije ukuri, sinshobora kubisobanura rwose - guhumeka n'ibitekerezo binyuzamo mu mwuka iyo ndi muri studio." <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 September 2020 |title=I'm not a modern-day artiste – BurnaBoy |url=https://punchng.com/im-not-a-modern-day-artiste-burna-boy// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=The Punch}}</ref> Yamamaye cyane mu bafana ndetse no ku banegura kubera amagambo akubiye mu ndirimbo ze, zigaragara cyane mu gace ka Afrobeats, aho usanga indirimbo ziba zitezimbere kubyina bitwaye amafaranga. Yaganiriye kandi ku ngingo za politiki mu muziki we, nko ku murongo ''wa Afurika w'igihangange'' "Indi nkuru". <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2023 |title=Burna Boy's 'Artivism' |url=https://republic.com.ng/december-22-january-23/burna-boy-discography// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=The Republic}}</ref> Umuhanzi wo muri Nijeriya, Omah Lay, yatangaje ko Burna Boy ari umwanditsi mwiza w'indirimbo yigeze abona kandi ko ari imbaraga mu bijyanye n'ubuhanzi bwo kwandika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2023 |title="I Don't See Anybody Else Aside Burna Boy": Omah Lay Names His Best Songwriter in Viral Video |url=https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1491600-i-dont-burna-boy-omah-lay-names-songwriter-viral-video// |access-date=21 December 2023 |website=Legit |archive-date=21 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231221073209/https://www.legit.ng/entertainment/celebrities/1491600-i-dont-burna-boy-omah-lay-names-songwriter-viral-video// |url-status=dead }}</ref> Azwiho kuba afite amajwi, ndetse n'ijwi rye rya baritone, aririmba avanze [[icyongereza]], Yoruba, na Nigeriya Pidgin . ''Rolling Stone'' yanditse Burna Boy mubaririmbyi 200 bakomeye mubihe byose. == Umurage == Intsinzi ya Burna Boy yatumye bamwe batekereza ko yahimbye umwirondoro wumuntu ukomeye muri Afrobeats. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 October 2023 |title=Burna Boy to headline world's biggest Afrobeats festival, Afro Nation |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2023/10/burna-boy-to-headline-worlds-biggest-afrobeats-festival-afro-nation// |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Vanguard Ng}}</ref> Umuyobozi ushinzwe impano Kim Moore yatangarije ''CNN'' ko "Intsinzi ya Burna Boy ( Grammy ) izashishikariza abandi bahanzi bo muri Afurika gukora imishinga ishimisha abantu bose ku isi." <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 March 2021 |title=Why Burna Boy's Grammy Award is a 'big win for Africa' and its music stars |url=https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/15/africa/burna-boy-grammy-award-intl/index.html/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> Umunyamakuru wa radiyo BBC, Darren Joseph, yamusobanuye ko ari "igishushanyo mu gisekuru". <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=Burna Boy: The story of a true music industry revolutionary |url=https://www.musicweek.com/interviews/read/burna-boy-the-story-of-a-true-music-industry-revolutionary/082066/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Music Week}}</ref> {{Reflist}} ''Rolling Stone'' yamusobanuye ko ari igihangange mu muco wo muri Nijeriya, wabaye ambasaderi wa Afrobeats nk'umuryango ''w’isi'' yose, ushobora kumva umeze nk'iwabo mu kuzamuka ku rutonde rw’ibihugu by’i Burayi ndetse no gukomeza umubano w’amarangamutima n’ubwoko <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2020 |title=Burna Boy: Twice as Tall review – fun and fury from Nigerian pop polymath |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2020/aug/14/burna-boy-twice-as-tall-review-nigeria-pop-polymath/ |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> ''bwashize'' nk’ubuzima bwo ''hejuru'' imyaka yabo ya <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2021 |title=The 200 Most Important Artists of Pitchfork first 25 Years |url=https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/most-important-artists// |access-date=5 December 2023 |website=Pitchfork |archive-date=5 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231205221637/https://pitchfork.com/features/lists-and-guides/most-important-artists/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> BOF yamwise ''umwe'' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Burney |first=Lawrence |date=31 August 2023 |title=Burna Boy Sounds Creatively Exhausted |url=https://www.vulture.com/2023/08/burna-boy-i-told-them.html |access-date=11 December 2023}}</ref> bagize uruganda <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-27 |title='This Is For Burna Boy,' Angelique Kidjo Dedicates Grammy Award |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2020/01/27/this-is-for-burna-boy-angelique-kidjo-dedicates-grammy-award// |access-date=2023-12-12 |website=Channels tv}}</ref> [[Wiz kid|ku]] [[Davido|isi]] <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 September 2023 |title=Burna Boy and 4 other Nigerians shaping the global fashion industry - BOF |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/fashion/burna-boy-and-4-other-nigerians-shaping-the-global-fashion-industry/6q56qd3/ |access-date=10 December 2023 |website=Pulse ng}}</ref> Aniefiok Ekpoudom wo muri ''The Guardian'' yagize ati "Burna Boy ari mu butumwa bwo kwibutsa Abanyafurika <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-11 |title=Burna Boy review – all hail the graceful king of Afrobeats |url=https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/nov/04/burna-boy-review-wembley-arena-london/ |access-date=2023-12-16 |website=The Guardian}}</ref> hose ku mizi yabo ku mugabane, kandi Afrobeats ni igikoresho cye". == Impaka == Ku ya 8 Kamena 2022, abaherekeza bashinzwe umutekano witwa Burna Boy bivugwa ko barashe abantu babiri mu kabyiniro ka nijoro i Lagos. Nk’uko byatangajwe n'umugore w'umwe mu bahohotewe, ibyabaye byatangiye nyuma yo kwanga ubutumire bwa Burna Boy bwo kwifatanya nawe mu gice cya VIP. <ref>{{Cite news |date=12 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy's police escorts shoot married man after singer made pass at wife |url=https://punchng.com/burna-boys-police-escorts-shoot-married-man-after-singer-made-pass-at-wife/ |access-date=22 June 2022 |work=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy: Cubana Club shooting victim's partner narrates ordeal – Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/538277-burna-boy-cubana-club-shooting-victims-partner-narrates-ordeal.html,%20https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/naija-fashion/538277-burna-boy-cubana-club-shooting-victims-partner-narrates-ordeal.html |access-date=22 June 2022 |language=en-GB}}</ref> Abashinzwe umutekano batanu bafitanye isano na Burna Boy batawe muri yombi bakurikiranyweho gushaka kwica. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 June 2022 |title=Burna Boy's Police Escorts Detained For Shooting Civilians |url=https://editor.guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-police-escorts-detained-for-shooting-civilians/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220622145243/https://editor.guardian.ng/life/music/burna-boys-police-escorts-detained-for-shooting-civilians/ |archive-date=22 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=The Guardian Nigeria News – Nigeria and World News |language=en-US}}</ref> Nyuma y’uwahohotewe yashinje uyu muhanzikazi n’umuryango we gushaka gucecekesha umuryango we amafaranga y’amafaranga . Kuva ku <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2022 |title=Club shooting: Victim's wife accuses Burna Boy's people of bribing family |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victims-wife-accuses-burna-boys-people-of-bribing-family-2/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621220538/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victims-wife-accuses-burna-boys-people-of-bribing-family-2/ |archive-date=21 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Kamena 2022, amashusho ya CCTV y’iraswa ntabwo yari yashyizwe ahagaragara n’iyi kipe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 June 2022 |title=Club shooting: Victim demands CCTV footage after eyewitness said she approached Burna Boy for selfie |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victim-demands-cctv-footage/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220621102331/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/06/club-shooting-victim-demands-cctv-footage/ |archive-date=21 June 2022 |access-date=22 June 2022 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-GB}}</ref> Ku ya 1 Mutarama 2023, ubwo yagendaga i Lagos mu rukundo rwe, Damini, urugendo Burna Boy rwababajwe cyane n’uko yahakanye ibihuha byo kurasa nijoro ndetse n’ibihuha bivuga ko nyina yahoze ari umubyinnyi w’inyuma w’umupayiniya wa Afrobeat, Fela Kuti . <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 January 2023 |title=Singer Burna Boy finally addresses Cubana club shooting, lays curses on haters (Video) |url=https://www.kemifilani.ng/entertainment/burna-boy-addresses-cubana-club-shooting-lays-curses-on-his-haters |access-date=2 January 2023 |website=Kemi Filani News}}</ref> <ref name="thenewsguru.com"/> === 2019 'Abanyafurika Bunze ubumwe' guhagarika igitaramo === Mu Gushyingo 2019, Burna Boy yatangajwe nk'umuyobozi mukuru w'igitaramo 'Africans Unite' muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], igikorwa kigamije guteza imbere ubumwe no gukemura ibibazo by'abanyamahanga . Icyakora, ibyo yabanje kwamagana ibitero bivugwa ko byakorewe abanyamahanga muri Afurika y'Epfo no kwerekana ko adashaka gusura iki gihugu byatumye abantu banengwa. Abahanzi bo muri Afurika yepfo n’abaturage basabye imbabazi, Burna Boy yanga gutanga. Bavuze iterabwoba ry’ihohoterwa n’umutekano, abateguye ibirori amaherezo bahagaritse igitaramo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Chironda |first=Melody |date=2019-11-20 |title=South Africa: Africa Unite Concert Cancelled After Outcry Over Burna Boy |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201911200645.html? |access-date=2025-01-15 |work=allAfrica.com |language=en}}</ref> Burna Boy kandi yagiye mu makimbirane rusange n'umuraperi wo muri Afurika y'Epfo AKA kuri Twitter, biturutse ku biganiro ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri Afurika y'Epfo. Burna Boy yanenze ibyo bitero maze, kuri tweet kuva yasibwe, avuga ko azahura na AKA ku mubiri baramutse bahuye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Burna Boy blasts M.I, AKA over Xenophobic attacks |url=https://pmnewsnigeria.com/2019/09/03/burna-boy-blasts-m-i-aka-over-xenophobic-attacks/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu gusubiza, AKA yagaragaje ko itishimiye, ishimangira ko Afurika y'Epfo yashyigikiye mbere umwuga wa Burna Boy mbere yuko atsinda ku rwego mpuzamahanga, anasaba imbabazi. Amakimbirane yarushijeho kwitabwaho ubwo igitaramo cya Burna Boy cyari giteganijwe mu gitaramo cya 'Africans Unite' cyongereye igitutu rubanda asaba imbabazi. Mu gihe impungenge zikomeje kwiyongera ku mutekano n’impaka, igitaramo cyahagaritswe. Mu 2022, AKA yerekanye ko atagifite ibibazo na Burna Boy, byerekana ko hashobora kubaho ubwiyunge hagati y'abahanzi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Joyce |first=Liam Karabo |title=AKA wants an apology from Burna Boy |url=https://www.iol.co.za/entertainment/celebrity-news/local/aka-wants-an-apology-from-burna-boy-37179950? |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=www.iol.co.za |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Abimbola |first=Oluwakemi |date=2019-10-24 |title=Xenophobia: Burna Boy must apologise —South African rapper, AKA |url=https://punchng.com/xenophobia-burna-boy-must-apologise-south-african-rapper-aka/ |access-date=2025-01-15 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> == Gukora == Filozofiya iyobora Burna Boy ni Pan-Africanism . Yizera "kubaka ibiraro" hamwe na diaspora nyafurika, bizera Afrika nkumugabane w’ababyeyi n’aho abantu bavukiye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2021 |title=Burna Boy: The Afropolitan troubadour |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/burna-boy-the-afropolitan-troubadour/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Guardian ng}}</ref> Yabaye umuvugizi uharanira ubutabera mbonezamubano ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 August 2023 |title=Burna Boy: Rise of the African Superstar |url=https://www.rollingstone.co.uk/music/rise-of-the-african-giant-burna-boy-on-new-music-rolling-stone-cover-12982// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Rollingstone UK}}</ref> Umuziki wa Burna Boy ntabwo ari imyidagaduro gusa; ni umuhamagaro mubikorwa kuko akoresha urubuga rwe kugirango avugishe ukuri kubutegetsi kandi amurikire ibibazo bireba abantu muri Nijeriya ndetse no kwisi yose. Muri alubumu ye ya <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 August 2023 |title=5 reasons Burna Boy is the African Giant of music |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/5-reasons-burna-boy-is-the-african-giant-of-music/635n0lf/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Pulse ng}}</ref> studio African Giant, arasesengura amateka y’imivurungano ya Nijeriya asenya inkuru zayikikuje kuva zabona ubwigenge. <ref>{{Cite web |date=1 August 2019 |title=Burna boy blends the personal and political into a new benchmark of Afro-fusion music. |url=https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/burna-boy-african-giant// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Pitchfork |archive-date=23 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240123032039/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/burna-boy-african-giant/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Indirimbo nka "Iyindi Nkuru" iramagana ingaruka mbi z’isosiyete ya Royal Niger mu gushyiraho ubutegetsi bwabakoloni muri Nijeriya, "Kwangiza ingwate" iranenga ubugwari bw’Abanyanijeriya mu kudahangana n’abakandamiza mu gihe "Wetin Man Go Do" yinubira ububabare bwa rubanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 March 2021 |title=Burna Boy: The Afropolitan troubadour |url=https://guardian.ng/opinion/burna-boy-the-afropolitan-troubadour// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Guardian ng}}</ref> Umunyamakuru wa radiyo BBC, DJ Target, yagize ati: "Ahagarariye impinduka, kandi avuga nabi akarengane mu gihe ahagarariye Afurika akiri muto ndetse akanamenyekana ku isi hose." <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2020 |title=Burna Boy: The story of a true music industry revolutionary |url=https://www.musicweek.com/interviews/read/burna-boy-the-story-of-a-true-music-industry-revolutionary/082066/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Music Week}}</ref> Nyuma y'imyivumbagatanyo ya Johannesburg yo muri 2019 muri Afurika y'Epfo yibasiye Abanyafurika baba muri iki gihugu, yiyemeje kutazongera gusura Afurika y'Epfo niba guverinoma itagize icyo ikora kugira ngo iki kibazo gikemuke. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 September 2019 |title=Stars boycott South Africa over xenophobic attacks |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-49576397/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=BBC}}</ref> Muri 2020, yashyizeho ikigega cyo gutabara abahohotewe na #EndSARS imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya ubugizi bwa nabi bwa polisi . <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 October 2020 |title=#ENDSARS: Burna Boy sets up relief fund for victims of police brutality |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/top-news/419814-endsars-burna-boy-sets-up-relief-fund-for-victims-of-police-brutality.html/ |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Premium Times}}</ref> Estelle Uba wo muri ''Repubulika'' yavuze ko amagambo akomeye ya Burna Boy adahatira Abanyanijeriya gusa, ahubwo ko abenegihugu baturutse mu bihugu byahoze biganjemo abakoloni muri [[Afurika]] y'Epfo, [[Aziya]], na [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amerika y'Epfo]] kugira ngo babare, kandi bahangane n'ukuri kw'abakoloni bashya mu bihugu byabo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 January 2023 |title=Burna Boy's Artivism' |url=https://republic.com.ng/december-22-january-23/burna-boy-discography// |access-date=16 December 2023 |website=Republic}}</ref> Binyuze mu ndirimbo ye 20-10-20, yarekuwe ku bufatanye n’iraswa rya Lekki 2020, yatanze ijwi ryamagana kurwanya iraswa ry’abigaragambyaga #EndSARS, imiyoborere mibi, ruswa, n’ubugome bwa polisi muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=#EndSARS: Burna Boy dedicates new single '20 10 20′ to victims |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2020/10/endsars-burna-boy-dedicates-new-single-20-10-20-to-victims// |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Vanguard}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2020 |title=Burna Boy Immortalises Endsars Protest Victims in New Song |url=https://guardian.ng/life/burna-boy-immortalises-endsars-protest-victims-in-new-song// |access-date=18 December 2023 |website=Guardian ng}}</ref> == Ibihembo na yahataniye ==   == Ibihangano == {{Burna Boy}} ; Album za studio * ''[[:en:L.I.F.E|L.I.F.E]]'' (2013) * ''[[:en:On_a_Spaceship|On a Spaceship]]'' (2015) * ''[[:en:Outside_(Burna_Boy_album)|Outside]]'' (2018) * ''[./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Giant Afrcian Giant]'' (2019) * [[:en:Twice_as_Tall|''Twice as Tall'']] (2020) * ''[[:en:Love,_Damini|Love, Damin]]'' (2022) * ''[[:en:I_Told_Them...|I Told Them...]]'' (2023) * ''[[:en:No_Sign_of_Weakness|No Sign of weakness]]'' (2025) == Kuzenguruka == * Ubuzima mu ruzinduko rwo hanze (2018) * Urugendo runini muri Afurika (2019) * Inshuro ebyiri Nkurugendo rurerure (2020) * Urukundo, Urugendo rwa Damini (2022) * Nababwiye ... Urugendo (2023) * Nta kimenyetso cyerekana intege nke (2025) == Reba kandi == {{Navboxes|title=[[List of awards and nominations received by Burna Boy|Awards for Burna Boy]]|list={{BET Award for Best International Act}} {{The Headies Award for Best R&B Single}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}}}} * Urutonde rw'abahanzi bageze ku mwanya wa mbere muri Nijeriya * Urutonde rw'abacuranzi ba Nigeriya * Urutonde rw'abantu bavuye Port Harcourt == Reba == {{authority control}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://x.com/burnaboy Burna Boy] on Twitter {{DEFAULTSORT:Boy, Burna}}  {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Boy, Burna}} [[Ikiciro:Nigerian pan-africanists]] [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian emigrants to the United Kingdom]] [[Ikiciro:Musicians from Port Harcout]] [[Ikiciro:Musicians from Lagos]] [[Ikiciro:Members of the order of the Federal Republic]] [[Ikiciro:The Headies Winners]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian male singers]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian male singer-songwritters]] [[Ikiciro:Singers from Port Harcout]] [[Ikiciro:Afrobeats musicians]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian political musics artists]] [[Ikiciro:Nigerian pop musicians]] [[Ikiciro:Grammy Award winners]] [[Ikiciro:English Language singers from Nigeria]] [[Ikiciro:Atlantic Records artists]] [[Ikiciro:Alumni of the University of Sussex]] [[Ikiciro:Alumni of Oxford Broookes University]] [[Ikiciro:1991 births]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Article with short description]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 2fp7kexja27pg0i3inmdrl2ug3bqvyc 0 21349 139092 136167 2026-09-23T02:31:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139092 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Innocent Ujah Idibia''' MON [ a ] ( Listen ⓘ ; yavutse ku ya ''18 Nzeri'' 1975), uzwi ku izina rye rya '''2Baba''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mutuku |first=Ryan |date=2022-08-29 |title=2Baba's bio: wife, children, net worth, house, and cars - Tuko.co.ke |url=https://www.tuko.co.ke/facts-lifehacks/celebrity-biographies/469525-2babas-bio-wife-children-net-worth-house-cars/ |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=www.tuko.co.ke |language=en}}</ref> wahoze yitwa '''2Face Idibia''' <ref>{{Cite web |last=Njoku |first=Benjamin |date=27 July 2014 |title=2face changes name to 'Tu-baba' |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/2face-changes-name-tu-baba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140729215959/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/07/2face-changes-name-tu-baba/ |archive-date=29 July 2014 |access-date=30 July 2014 |publisher=Vanguard}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 July 2018 |title=Is 2baba the greatest Nigerian artist ever? |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-is-2baba-the-greatest-nigerian-artist-ever/g8cwn6r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829131926/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-is-2baba-the-greatest-nigerian-artist-ever/g8cwn6r |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> n'umuririmbyi wo muri nijeriyaa uzi mukwandika Indirimbo no kuzitunganya, umwanditsi w’indirimbo, umuhanzi w’injyana n’utunganya umuziki wo muri Nijeriya, uzwi cyane kubera album ye ya mbere yakoze ku giti cye [[:en:Face_2_Face_(2Face_Idibia_album)|Face 2 Face]] 2004 <ref>{{Cite web |date=27 February 2017 |title=2Face donates N3.5 million to help persons displaced by Boko Haram |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/224789-2face-donates-n3-5-million-help-persons-displaced-boko-haram.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190829131929/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/more-news/224789-2face-donates-n3-5-million-help-persons-displaced-boko-haram.html |archive-date=29 August 2019 |access-date=3 September 2019 |website=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> [ b ] Afatwa nkumwe mu bahanzi "bakomeye"kandi bakomeye muri Afrobeats bibihe byose nyuma y’umusanzu we muri muzika ya pop ya Nigeriya mu myaka ya za 2000. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ohunyon |first=Ehis |date=16 May 2018 |title=14 years after, 'Face 2 Face' is still a gem of an album |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-14-years-after-face-2-face-is-still-a-gem-of-an-album/zey37j7 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603162147/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-14-years-after-face-2-face-is-still-a-gem-of-an-album/zey37j7 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |work=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> 2Baba yatsindiye igihembo cya MTV Europe kubera African Act [[Ubutrenganzira bw'abana|mu]] 2005 <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2017 |title=10 things to know about 2face as he turns 42 &#124; Premium Times Nigeria |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219040856/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=12 January 2021}}</ref> Mu 2019, yakoze indirimbo afatanyije na Cobhams Asuquo na Timi Dakolo bashyize hanze indirimbo igamije gukangurira abantu [[:en:Children's_rights|uburenganzira bw’abana]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tubaba Archives |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/tag/tubaba/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301141305/https://www.vanguardngr.com/tag/tubaba/ |archive-date=1 March 2021 |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref>. ''Billboard'' yashyize indirimbo ye " African Queen " No 1 kurutonde rw'indirimbo nziza za Afrobeats mubihe byose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The 50 Best Afrobeats Songs of All Time: Full Staff List |url=https://www.billboard.com/lists/best-afrobeats-songs |access-date=20 March 2021 |website=Billboard |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwe n'amashuri yize == 2Baba yavutse ku ya 18 Nzeri 1975, avukira i Jos, muri Leta ya Plateau, muri Nijeriya, akomoka muri Idoma ukomoka muri Leta ya Benue muri Nijeriya rwagati. <ref name="Channels TV">{{Cite web |last=Abisoye |first=Adeyiga |date=18 September 2015 |title=Music Legend, 2Face Idibia Turns 40 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206084018/https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |archive-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=April 15, 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Mount Saint Gabriel i Makurdi mbere yo gukurikirana Business adminsistration mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuyobozi n’ikoranabuhanga, Enugu (IMT), riherereye muri Leta ya Enugu. <ref name="Channels TV" /> Nyuma yo Kwiyegurira umuziki, 2Baba yahagaritse amashuri asanzwe akurikirana umwuga we wa muzika. <ref name="Channels TV">{{Cite web |last=Abisoye |first=Adeyiga |date=18 September 2015 |title=Music Legend, 2Face Idibia Turns 40 |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231206084018/https://www.channelstv.com/2015/09/18/music-legend-2face-idibia-turns-40/ |archive-date=6 December 2023 |access-date=April 15, 2024 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFAbisoye2015">Abisoye, Adeyiga (18 September 2015). </cite></ref> 1996, yari amaze gutangira guhimba imiziki no gufata amajwi cyane cyane muri GB Fan Club muri Enugu State Broadcasting Services (ESBS). <ref name="Channels TV" /> Yakoreraga ku izina rya stage "2Face", {{efn|The name was literally coined from "two face"}} yavuze ko iryo zina ari "ugutandukanya ubuzima bwe bwite nubw’ubucuruzi" nubwo nyuma yaje guhinduka "2Baba" mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2016 |title=2face 'officially' changes name to 2baba |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2face-%E2%80%98officially%E2%80%99-changes-name-2baba |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190421230347/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/2face-%E2%80%98officially%E2%80%99-changes-name-2baba |archive-date=21 April 2019 |access-date=14 January 2016 |publisher=Music in Africa}}</ref> == Umwuga == Ubwo yari mu ishuri rikuru ry’imiyoborere n’ikoranabuhanga Enugu (IMT), Idibia yatangiye umwuga we wa muzika akorana na Blackface Naija, umunyeshuri biganaga mu mashuri yisumbuye, na Faze, bose nyuma baza gushinga itsinda ry’abantu batatu, Plantashun Boiz. Itsinda ryasohoye alubumu ebyiri, ''body and soul'' (2000) na ''Sold Out'' (2003),babifashijwemo na Dove Records, <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2018 |title=Here's both sides of the story as Blackface says 2baba is suing him for N50M |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213084327/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/2face-idibia-heres-both-sides-of-the-story-as-blackface-says-2baba-is-suing-him-for/wb08f8s |archive-date=13 December 2019 |access-date=19 September 2019 |website=pulse.ng}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Adefolurin |first=Adeyinka M. |title=Dove Records |url=https://savycon.com/service/1509850 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=savycon.com |language=English}}</ref> gifitwe na Nelson Brown. <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 June 2013 |title=2face Idibia working with Nelson Brown on upcoming album |url=https://thenet.ng/2face-idibia-working-with-nelson-brown-on-upcoming-album/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402170019/http://thenet.ng/2013/06/2face-idibia-working-with-nelson-brown-on-upcoming-album/ |archive-date=2 April 2015 |access-date=9 March 2015 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today}}</ref> Abagize itsinda batandukanye mu 2004, 2Baba basubira mu muziki wenyine. 2Baba yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere ku giti cye, ''Face 2 Face'' (2004), yasuzumwe neza n'abanegura umuziki kandi ashyirwa ku rutonde rwa "alubumu ikomeye ya mbere yo muri Nijeriya yo mu kinyejana cya 21 n'umuhanzi wenyine". <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alake |first=Motolani |date=17 March 2020 |title=Here are the top 10 Nigerian debut albums of the past 20 years |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-asa-timaya-mi-abaga-and-the-top-10-nigerian-debut-albums-over-the-past-20/73sdp1x |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230418024948/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/music/wizkid-asa-timaya-mi-abaga-and-the-top-10-nigerian-debut-albums-over-the-past-20/73sdp1x |archive-date=18 April 2023 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> Yakurikiwe na alubumu ye ya kabiri, ''Grass 2 Grace'' (2006). Nyuma yibyo, yavuye muri Kennis Music maze ashyiraho label ye bwite, Hypertek Digital. <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 October 2011 |title=Tuface Idibia opens up on why he left Kennis music |url=http://www.nigerianewsdaily.com/nigerianewsentertainment/nigerianewsmusic/12942-tuface-idibia-opens-up-on-the-sucess-story-of-his-hit-track-african-queen--why-he-left-kennis-music.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916023514/http://www.nigerianewsdaily.com/nigerianewsentertainment/nigerianewsmusic/12942-tuface-idibia-opens-up-on-the-sucess-story-of-his-hit-track-african-queen--why-he-left-kennis-music.html |archive-date=16 September 2015 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=Nigerianewsdaily.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=TuFace Checks Piracy With Classy Album Price |url=http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1108-tuface-checks-piracy-with-classy-album-price.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130322200436/http://www.tribune.com.ng/sat/index.php/entertainment-extra/1108-tuface-checks-piracy-with-classy-album-price.html |archive-date=22 March 2013 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=tribune.com.ng}}</ref>, yasohoye alubumu y'ubushakashatsi yitwa ''The Unstoppable'', hamwe n’ikinyamakuru International edition mu mwaka wa 2010 [[:en:Soundcity_TV|SoundCity]] Music Video. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 November 2010 |title=Soundcity Music Video Awards 2010&nbsp;– The Winner's Circle. |url=http://www.thenetng.com/2010/11/22/soundcity-music-video-awards-2010-the-winners-circle/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120304162542/http://www.thenetng.com/2010/11/22/soundcity-music-video-awards-2010-the-winners-circle/ |archive-date=4 March 2012 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=thenetng.com}}</ref> == <small>Ubuzima bwite n’ibibazo byavutse</small> == Mu 2004, 2Baba yavuye mu itsinda "Plantashun Boiz" byatumye iryo tsinda ryicamo ibice, bituma havuka amakimbirane n'abahoze ari bagenzi be bamushinja ko yatandukanijwe. 2Baba n’umwe bari bigeze gukorana mu itsinda, Faze, basangizanyije amakosa mu ndirimbo zitandukanye zo mu ma album yabo y’umwihariko. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 February 2018 |title=Plantashun Boyz alum blames selfishness for split |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/blackface-plantashun-boyz-alum-blames-selfishness-for-split/h2rw77x |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603190726/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/blackface-plantashun-boyz-alum-blames-selfishness-for-split/h2rw77x |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Pulse Nigeria |language=en}}</ref> BlackFace yavuze ko indirimbo 2Baba yakoze zanditswe na bombi, nubwo iki kibazo cyaje gukemurwa mu rukiko. Indirimbo <ref>{{Cite web |date=28 November 2019 |title=Theft Claim: Blackface Apolgises To 2Baba, Settles Out Of Court |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/28/theft-claim-blackface-apolgises-to-2baba-settle-out-of-court/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191129123453/https://www.channelstv.com/2019/11/28/theft-claim-blackface-apolgises-to-2baba-settle-out-of-court/ |archive-date=29 November 2019 |access-date=28 November 2019 |website=[[Channels TV]]}}</ref> " African Queen " yabaye impaka hagati ya 2Baba, label ye yise Kennis Music, n'uwahoze ari umuririmbyi mugenzi we Blackface, bamushinje ku mugaragaro ko yamwibye indirimbo, avuga ko yanditse iyi ndirimbo bakiri itsinda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=12 September 2019 |title=Blackface: I wrote 'African Queen'... I decide who sings it and who doesn't |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/blackface-i-wrote-african-queen-i-decide-who-sings-it-and-who-doesnt/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523175331/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/blackface-i-wrote-african-queen-i-decide-who-sings-it-and-who-doesnt/ |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alonge |first=Osagie |date=1 August 2013 |title=2face, Blackface and the controversial 'African queen' |url=https://thenet.ng/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603160642/https://thenet.ng/2face-blackface-and-the-controversial-african-queen/ |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref> Umuziki wa Kennis waje kwemera guha Blackface inguzanyo zo kwandika iyi ndirimbo kandi yemera no kumwishyura amafaranga y’amafaranga yavuye mu ndirimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 July 2018 |title=Blackface don dey chop money from African Queen for 10 years&nbsp;– 2face Management |url=https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44888794 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220603160641/https://www.bbc.com/pidgin/tori-44888794 |archive-date=3 June 2022 |access-date=3 June 2022 |website=BBC News Pidgin}}</ref> Ku ya 25 Mutarama 2017, 2Baba yatangaje binyuze ku rubuga rwe rwa Instagram ko azayobora imyigaragambyo mu gihugu hose ku ya 5 Gashyantare 2017; imyigaragambyo yarwanyaga politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa na Perezidansi ya Muhammadu Buhari. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Augoye |first=Jayne |date=25 January 2017 |title=Recession: 2Face plans to lead nationwide protest |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/221502-recession-2face%e2%80%8e-plans-lead-nationwide-protest.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011838/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/221502-recession-2face%e2%80%8e-plans-lead-nationwide-protest.html |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 January 2017 |title=2face announces nationwide protest against 'obnoxious policies' of FG |url=https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/2face-idibia-protest-nationwide/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011832/https://lifestyle.thecable.ng/2face-idibia-protest-nationwide/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=TheCable Lifestyle |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Inyang |first=Ifreke |date=25 January 2017 |title=2face Idibia announces nationwide protest against Buhari's policies |url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/01/25/2face-idibia-announces-nationwide-protest-buharis-policies/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011836/https://dailypost.ng/2017/01/25/2face-idibia-announces-nationwide-protest-buharis-policies/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu rwego rwo guhagarika imyigaragambyo, ubuyobozi, binyuze kuri komiseri w’igipolisi cya Leta ya Lagos, Fatai Owoseni, bwasohoye itangazo rivuga ko imyigaragambyo yabujijwe muri Leta, avuga ko hari impungenge z’uko amazu y’amazu azayashimuta kandi agateza akaduruvayo. Icyakora, aya magambo yaranze kandi yirengagizwa ku mugaragaro, mu gihe kumenyekanisha imyigaragambyo byakomeje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2017 |title=Tuface To Protest Despite Police Ban, Warnings |url=http://saharareporters.com/2017/02/02/tuface-protest-despite-police-ban-warnings |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/http://saharareporters.com/2017/02/02/tuface-protest-despite-police-ban-warnings |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Sahara Reporters}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 February 2017 |title=Police Ban Tuface from Protesting in Lagos |url=https://guardian.ng/news/police-ban-tuface-from-protesting-in-lagos/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/https://guardian.ng/news/police-ban-tuface-from-protesting-in-lagos/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=guardian.ng}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2017, 2Baba yasohoye videwo ivuga ko yahagaritse imyigaragambyo kubera impamvu z'umutekano. Ibihuha byakwirakwiriye ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bivuga ko ubuyobozi, binyuze kuri DSS, bwamutoye mbere y'uwo munsi kandi bumuhatira guhagarika imyigaragambyo yavuzwe cyane, nubwo nyuma yaje gukora tweet nyinshi ku rubuga rwe rwa Twitter kugira ngo ahakana iki kirego. <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2017 |title=I was not arrested&nbsp;– Tuface |url=https://punchng.com/not-arrested-tuface/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/https://punchng.com/not-arrested-tuface/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Punch Newspapers |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwachukwu |first=John Owen |date=6 February 2017 |title=Cancelled protest: I was not arrested by DSS&nbsp;– 2face |url=https://dailypost.ng/2017/02/06/cancelled-protest-not-arrested-dss-2face/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011832/https://dailypost.ng/2017/02/06/cancelled-protest-not-arrested-dss-2face/ |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=Daily Post Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=6 February 2017 |title='I was not arrested by the DSS'&nbsp;– music star says |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-i-was-not-arrested-by-the-dss-music-star-says/qqp3x4r |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010011833/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-i-was-not-arrested-by-the-dss-music-star-says/qqp3x4r |archive-date=10 October 2019 |access-date=10 October 2019 |website=pulse.ng |language=en-US}}</ref> 2Baba yashakanye n'umukinnyi w'amafirime ukomoka muri Nijeriya, Annie Macaulay-Idibia kuva mu 2012 i Lagos, muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 May 2012 |title=2face Idibia and Annie Macaulay wed secretly |url=http://thenetng.com/2012/05/04/2face-Idibia-and-Annie-Macaulay-wed-secretly |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120507035806/http://thenetng.com/2012/05/04/2face-idibia-and-annie-macaulay-wed-secretly |archive-date=7 May 2012 |access-date=4 May 2012 |website=thenet.ng |publisher=[[The Net (Nigeria)|The Net]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 February 2012 |title=Annie, anointed queen of a shooting star |url=http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/annie-anointed-queen-of-a-shooting-star |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120229124315/http://www.punchng.com/entertainment/arts-life/annie-anointed-queen-of-a-shooting-star/ |archive-date=29 February 2012 |access-date=3 March 2012 |website=punchng.com |publisher=[[The Punch]]}}</ref> I Dubai ku ya 23 Werurwe 2013, habaye umuhango w’imbonezamubano, kandi bafite abana babiri. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 March 2016 |title=10 cutest couple moments of singer and wife as they mark 3rd wedding anniversary |url=https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/2face-annie-idibia-10-cutest-couple-moments-of-singer-and-wife-as-they-mark-3rd/e2j5mj8 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190820120024/https://www.pulse.ng/lifestyle/relationships-weddings/2face-annie-idibia-10-cutest-couple-moments-of-singer-and-wife-as-they-mark-3rd/e2j5mj8 |archive-date=20 August 2019 |access-date=20 August 2019 |website=Pulse NG}}</ref> Ku ya 26 Mutarama 2025, yatangaje ko yatandukana n’umugore we bashakanye, Annie kuri Instagram. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, uyu muhanzikazi yagaragaye ari kumwe na Natasha Osawaru, umushingamategeko mu nzu mberabyombi ya Edo. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-27 |title=Tuface: Nigeria's 2Baba announces separation from Annie Idibia |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c0qw7w7yn0eo.amp |access-date=2025-01-27 |website=BBC News |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nwaeluwe |first=Victoria |date=2025-01-27 |title=2Baba confirms separation from wife Annie Idibia in recent video announcement |url=https://nigeriansketch.com/2baba-confirms-separation-from-wife-annie-idibia-in-recent-video-announcement/ |access-date=2025-01-29 |website=Nigerian Sketch |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Hannah |date=15 February 2025 |title=VIDEO: 2Baba spotted shopping with Natasha Osawaru amid family's concerns cver his whereabouts – Punch Newspapers |url=https://punchng.com/video-2baba-spotted-shopping-with-natasha-osawuru-amid-familys-concerns-cver-his-whereabouts/ |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=The Punch |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title='Missing' 2face and new boo, Natasha spotted together at hair shop {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/entertainment/missing-2face-and-new-boo-natasha-spotted-together-at-hair-shop-2025021515444081267 |access-date=2025-02-18 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Umurage == 2Baba yahawe ibihembo byinshi mubuzima bwe bwose, harimo igihembo cya MTV Europe Music Award na World Music Award, <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 things to know about 2face as he turns 42 |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219040856/https://www.premiumtimesng.com/entertainment/music/243568-10-things-to-know-about-2face-as-he-turns-42.html |archive-date=19 December 2020 |access-date=2023-07-26 |website=www.premiumtimesng.com}}</ref> ibihembo bitanu bya Headies byindirimbo yumwaka, ibihembo bine bya Channel O Music Video Awards, na BET Award. Byongeye kandi, yahawe igihembo muri MTV Africa Music Awards, Umuziki wa Black Origin Awards, Kora Awards, ndetse na 'Afrima Legend Award' 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Samuel |first=Mofijesusewa |date=2019-11-25 |title=2Baba And Awilo Longomba Honoured With The 'Legend Of The Year' Title At The 2019 All Africa Music Awards (AFRIMA) |url=https://thenet.ng/2baba-and-awilo-longomba-honoured-with-the-legend-of-the-year-title-at-the-2019-all-africa-music-awards-afrima/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200126224314/http://www.thenet.ng/2baba-and-awilo-longomba-honoured-with-the-legend-of-the-year-title-at-the-2019-all-africa-music-awards-afrima/ |archive-date=26 January 2020 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Nigerian Entertainment Today |language=en-US}}</ref> Yinjijwe muri " The Headies Hall of Fame " mu 2015 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Emmanuel |first=Olu |date=2016-01-25 |title=Headies Awards: Efe Omorogbe speaks on 2face Idibia's Hall of Fame induction&nbsp;— National Daily Newspaper |url=https://nationaldailyng.com/headies-awards-efe-omorogbe-speaks-on-2face-idibias-hall-of-fame-induction/,%20https://nationaldailyng.com/headies-awards-efe-omorogbe-speaks-on-2face-idibias-hall-of-fame-induction/ |access-date=2024-01-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> no muri 'Hall Legends Hall of Fame' muri Gana mu 2022 <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-11-30 |title=Ghana: African greats inducted into Music Legends Hall of Fame |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ghana-african-greats-inducted-music-legends-hall-fame |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240120104733/https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/ghana-african-greats-inducted-music-legends-hall-fame |archive-date=20 January 2024 |access-date=2024-01-20 |website=Music in Africa |language=en}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2016, 2Baba yahawe impamyabumenyi y'icyubahiro mu buhanzi muri kaminuza ya Igbinedion, muri Nijeriya, <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2016 |title=2face bags Masters Degree |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/05/2face-bags-masters-degree/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190903102655/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/05/2face-bags-masters-degree/ |archive-date=3 September 2019 |access-date=3 September 2019}}</ref> naho muri Werurwe 2019, agirwa Umunyeshuri w'ishuri ry'umuziki muri kaminuza ya Obafemi Awolowo. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Okonofua |first=Odion |date=21 March 2019 |title=2Face Idibia receives award of Fellow of the School of Music at Obafemi Awolowo University |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-receives-award-of-fellow-of-the-school-of-music-at-obafemi-awolowo/bq2dl56 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190322140918/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-receives-award-of-fellow-of-the-school-of-music-at-obafemi-awolowo/bq2dl56 |archive-date=22 March 2019 |access-date=22 March 2019 |work=pulse.ng}}</ref> Muri Mutarama 2017, yatangaje ubufatanye na Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe impunzi (UNHCR) anatanga impano ku bantu bimuwe mu byabo (IDP) n’abatahutse. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2Baba |url=https://www.unhcr.org/about-2baba2.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816104731/https://www.unhcr.org/about-2baba2.html |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 August 2019}}</ref> Yatangije kandi ubukangurambaga "Vote Not fight" munsi ya Fondasiyo ya Youngstars n'Ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe demokarasi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Famuyiwa |first=Damilare |date=7 August 2019 |title=NSE appoints 2face as its 'Good Cause Ambassador' |url=https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807094048/https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |archive-date=7 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 September 2017 |title=Singer launches "Vote Not Fight" campaign in Anambra |url=https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-singer-launches-vote-not-fight-campaign-in-anambra/s809wwp |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190816104735/https://www.pulse.ng/entertainment/celebrities/2face-idibia-singer-launches-vote-not-fight-campaign-in-anambra/s809wwp |archive-date=16 August 2019 |access-date=16 August 2019 |website=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> yabaye ambasaderi ku bicuruzwa the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Agency_for_Food_and_Drug_Administration_and_Control" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control" class="cx-link" data-linkid="245">National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control</a> (NAFDAC) in 2009,<ref>{{cite web |date=18 September 2009 |title=NAFDAC appoints 2face Ambassador |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/nafdac-appoints-2face-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121219184146/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2009/09/nafdac-appoints-2face-ambassador/ |archive-date=19 December 2012 |access-date=9 March 2012 |publisher=vanguardngr.com}}</ref> the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigerian_Stock_Exchange" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Nigerian Stock Exchange" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="246">Nigerian Stock Exchange</a> (NSE),<ref>{{Cite web |last=Famuyiwa |first=Damilare |date=7 August 2019 |title=NSE appoints 2face as its 'Good Cause Ambassador' |url=https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190807094048/https://nairametrics.com/2019/08/07/nse-appoints-2face-as-its-good-cause-ambassador/ |archive-date=7 August 2019 |access-date=9 August 2019 |website=Nairametrics |language=en-GB}}</ref> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airtel_Nigeria" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Airtel Nigeria" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="247">Airtel Nigeria</a>,<ref>{{Cite web |date=15 June 2015 |title=2 Face, IK, Akpororo, others now Airtel brand ambassadors |url=https://guardian.ng/features/media/2-face-ik-akpororo-others-now-airtel-brand-ambassadors/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828194615/https://guardian.ng/features/media/2-face-ik-akpororo-others-now-airtel-brand-ambassadors/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=The Guardian Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globacom" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Globacom" class="mw-redirect cx-link" data-linkid="248">Globacom</a>,<ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2017 |title=2face dumps Airtel, becomes Glo ambassador |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828192253/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref>bitandukanye gishinzwe imiyoborere <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 May 2017 |title=2face dumps Airtel, becomes Glo ambassador |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828192253/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/05/2face-dumps-airtel-becomes-glo-ambassador/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> NAFDAC <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 October 2014 |title=2Face, Wizkid in first collabo as Hennessy Artistry goes to Ghana |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/2face-wizkid-first-collabo-hennessy-artistry-goes-ghana/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828194004/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/10/2face-wizkid-first-collabo-hennessy-artistry-goes-ghana/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 October 2019 |title=oraimo Unveils 2Face as Brand Ambassador, Launches 310 Hours Battery Life Necklace |url=https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/04/oraimo-unveils-2face-as-brand-ambassador-launches-310-hours-battery-life-necklace/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411211126/https://www.thisdaylive.com/index.php/2019/10/04/oraimo-unveils-2face-as-brand-ambassador-launches-310-hours-battery-life-necklace/ |archive-date=11 April 2021 |access-date=24 February 2021 |website=[[This Day]]}}</ref> ambasaderi nyafurika mu ruganda rukora inzoga mu Butaliyani, Campari mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2016 |title=2Face, Annie Idibia bag new endorsement deal |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/04/2face-annie-idibia-bag-new-endorsement-deal/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828183945/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2016/04/2face-annie-idibia-bag-new-endorsement-deal/ |archive-date=28 August 2021 |access-date=28 August 2021 |website=Vanguard News |language=en-US}}</ref> Igitaramo cya FORTYfied All-Star Tribute Concert, cyateguwe na 2Baba kwizihiza isabukuru yimyaka 40 n’uruhare muri muzika ya Nigeriya, cyabaye ku ya 20 Nzeri 2015, muri Eko Hotel na Suites Convention Centre. <ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 2015 |title=STAR to Celebrate 2Face at 40 With All-Star Tribute Concert |url=http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/star-to-celebrate-2face-at-40-with-all-star-tribute-concert/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920223456/http://www.vanguardngr.com/2015/09/star-to-celebrate-2face-at-40-with-all-star-tribute-concert/ |archive-date=20 September 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |work=[[Vanguard (Nigeria)|Vanguard]]}}</ref> Yakiriwe na Basketmouth ikanaterwa inkunga na STAR Lager Beer, igitaramo cyamamaye cyane. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Joey Akan |date=8 September 2015 |title=Singer announces concert to mark 40th birthday |url=http://pulse.ng/buzz/2face-idibia-singer-announces-concert-to-mark-40th-birthday-id4148177.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150918010739/http://pulse.ng/buzz/2face-idibia-singer-announces-concert-to-mark-40th-birthday-id4148177.html |archive-date=18 September 2015 |access-date=21 September 2015 |work=Pulse Nigeria}}</ref> Niwe kandi washinze urukurikirane rw'ibitaramo "Buckwyld na Breathless" <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 September 2017 |title=Why I started Buckwyld & Breathless concert&nbsp;– 2face Idibia&nbsp;– Vanguard News |url=https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/started-buckwyld-breathless-concert-2face-idibia/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217023315/https://www.vanguardngr.com/2017/09/started-buckwyld-breathless-concert-2face-idibia/ |archive-date=17 December 2017 |access-date=23 January 2018 |work=Vanguard News}}</ref> na Fondasiyo ya 2Baba, yahoze yitwa "2Face Reach Out Foundation". <ref>{{Cite web |date=29 November 2011 |title='2Face' Idibia: Message behind the music |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2011/11/28/inside-africa-2face-idibia-nigeria-a.cnn?iref=allsearch |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100831124519/http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2011/11/28/inside-africa-2face-idibia-nigeria-a.cnn?iref=allsearch |archive-date=31 August 2010 |access-date=6 March 2012 |publisher=CNN}}</ref> == Ibihangano == === Umuzingo === * ''Face 2 Face'' (2004) * ''Grass 2 Grace'' (2006) * ''The unstoppable'' (2009) * ''Unstoppable'' ''international Edition''(2010) * ''Away and Beyond'' (2012) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 May 2012 |title=2face&nbsp;– Away and Beyond [Album Review] |url=https://thenet.ng/2face-away-and-beyond-album-review/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217091643/https://thenet.ng/2face-away-and-beyond-album-review/ |archive-date=17 February 2022 |access-date=25 February 2021 |website=[[Netng]]}}</ref> * ''The ascension'' <ref>{{Cite web |title=2face Idibia's 'The Ascension' Album Is Currently The 12th Top Selling Album In The World {{!}} Pulse Nigeria |url=https://www.pulse.ng/articles/ece-frontpage/record-breaking-2face-idibias-the-ascension-album-is-currently-the-12th-top-selling-2024080117011184103 |access-date=2025-04-14 |website=www.pulse.ng |language=en}}</ref> (2014) * ''Rewind, Select, Update'' (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rewind Select Update by 2Face Idibia |url=https://itunes.apple.com/ng/album/rewind-select-update/id969548315 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150710065447/https://itunes.apple.com/ng/album/rewind-select-update/id969548315 |archive-date=10 July 2015 |access-date=2025-09-29 |website=iTunes |language=en}}</ref> * ''Warriors'' (2020) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Warriors by 2Baba |url=https://music.apple.com/ng/album/warriors/1498430198 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201215233121/https://music.apple.com/ng/album/warriors/1498430198 |archive-date=15 December 2020 |access-date=30 January 2021 |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwabacuranzi ba Nigeriya == Reba == === Inyandiko === <nowiki>.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</nowiki> === Imirongo === {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze ==   * 2Baba at IMDb {{Navboxes|title=Awards for 2Baba|list={{BET Award for Best International Act: Africa}} {{MTV Europe Music Award for Best African Act}}}}{{2Baba}}{{Hypertek Digital}}{{Authority control}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] khdj1upnbkujyqi339hi6270sm9h5go 0 21353 139041 126555 2026-09-23T00:16:14Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 139041 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Braxton Cook | image = Marquis Hill Blacktet, 4 mei 2019 BIM Amsterdam - Braxton Cook & Junius Paul (51490078816).jpg | caption = Cook performing with the [[Marquis Hill]] Blacktet in [[Amsterdam]], 2019 | background = | birth_name = Braxton Cook | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|3|27}}<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |last1=Kellman |first1=Andy |title=Braxton Cook Biography |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/braxton-cook-mn0003248885/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=31 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Boston]], Massachusetts, U.S.<ref name="mit">{{cite web |title=MIT Center for Art, Science & Technology - Braxton Cook |url=https://arts.mit.edu/people/braxton-cook/ |website=Arts at MIT |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> | death_date = | death_place = | origin = | years_active = 2014–present | label = {{hlist|Fresh Selects|[[Nettwerk]]}} | genre = {{hlist|[[Jazz]]|[[R&B]]<ref name="grammy">{{cite web |last1=Liptak |first1=Carena |title=Positive Vibes Only: Saxophonist Braxton Cook Premieres Smooth New Song "Indie" With A Luminous Living Room Performance |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/braxton-cook-indie-performance-video-new-song-black-mona-lisa-positive-vibes-only |website=www.grammy.com |access-date=31 December 2022 |date=16 October 2022}}</ref>}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Christian Scott (musician)|Christian Scott]]|[[Mac Miller]]|[[Christian McBride]]|[[Butcher Brown]]}} | website = {{URL|https://www.braxtoncook.com}} }} '''Braxton Cook''' (wavukiye ku ya 27 Werurwe 1991) ni umunyamerika ucuranga saxophone yo mu majwi yo hejuru (alto) akaba n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo unaririmba. Yakoreye ingendo hamwe n’abahanzi ba jazz barimo Christian Scott, Christian McBride na Marquis Hill, kandi aririmbira hamwe n’abandi nka Jon Batiste, Mac Miller na Rihanna.<ref name="thesame">{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Penny |date=10 June 2022 |title=New Signing Braxton Cook Shares "The Same (feat. Marquis Hill)" |url=https://nettwerk.com/new-signing-braxton-cook-shares-the-same-feat-marquis-hill-%E2%81%9F/ |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=Nettwerk Music Group}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Starling |first=Lakin |date=5 April 2017 |title=Jazz Marvel Braxton Cook Is Sure About Love On "You're The One" |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/04/05/braxton-cook-youre-the-one |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref>''​'' Mu 2017, Fader yamwise “impano idasanzwe ya jazz,”<ref>{{cite web |last1=Starling |first1=Lakin |date=5 April 2017 |title=Jazz Marvel Braxton Cook Is Sure About Love On "You're The One" |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/04/05/braxton-cook-youre-the-one |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> naho mu 2018, Ebony imushyira mu bahanzi batanu ba jazz bakwiye kwitabwaho cyane. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Braxton Cook yavutse ku ya 27 Werurwe 1991, avukira i Boston, muri Massachusetts . Nyuma yo kwimuka inshuro nyinshi, umuryango we watuye ahitwa Silver Spring, Maryland, mu nkengero za Washington, DC, aho yabaga hafi yuburere bwe. Cook yize ishuri ryisumbuye rya Springbrook yiga saxofone yayobowe na Paul Carr. Igihe yari ahari, yari umwe mu banyeshuri 30 bo muri Amerika batoranijwe mu itsinda rya Grammy jazz 2009. Yize muri kaminuza ya Georgetown imyaka ibiri, aho yize icyongereza yibanda cyane muri African American Studies . Nkumunyeshuri wambere, yiswe Finalist ya YoungArts 2010. <ref name="allaboutjazz">{{Cite web |title=Braxton Cook musician - All About Jazz |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/braxton-cook |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=All About Jazz Musicians |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2011, Cook yimukiye mu ishuri rya Juilliard, aho yize jax saxophone hamwe na Ron Blake na Steve Wilson . Mu <ref name="allaboutjazz"/> mbere muri Juilliard, Cook yitabiriye igitaramo cya Donald Harrison, aho yahuye na mwishywa wa Harrison, umucuranzi w’inzamba Christian Scott . Nyuma yaho gato, Cook yabaye umunyamuryango muremure witsinda rya Scott. == Umwuga == [[File:Braxton_Cook_and_Elena_Pinderhughes.jpg|alt=Cook and [[Elena Pinderhughes]] performing at [[Newport Jazz Festival]], 2024|thumb| Teka na [[Elena Pinderhughes]] baririmbira muri [[Newport Jazz Festival]], 2024]] Cook yatangije umwuga we wenyine muri 2014, yishyira ahagaragara bwa mbere EP ''Sketch'' . Yashyize ahagaragara kandi alubumu yuzuye ''Cook Yahuye na Butcher Brown'' ku bufatanye n’itsinda ry’abanyamerika ryitwa ''Jazz'' Butcher Brown mu ''2015'', mbere yo gusinyana na label yigenga ''ya'' Fresh Selects mu 2016 . Ibihembo . Muri 2018, Cook yagaragaye muri videwo ''ya Vox'' yise " Indirimbo itinywa cyane muri jazz, yasobanuwe ", yakiriye uburyo bushya budasanzwe: Ubuhanzi, Ubuzima n’umuco igihembo cya 40 cya News na Documentaire Emmy Awards . Ku ruhare rwe muri videwo, Cook yahawe icyemezo cya Emmy Awards . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Braxton |date=12 August 2020 |title=Braxton Cook on Instagram: "My Emmy certificate just came in the mail!! ✨✨This was for the @voxdotcom Earworm video series on "Giant Steps: The Most Feared Song in Jazz." Swipe right 👉🏾 for the vid!! S/O to @estellecaswell and @its_adamneely" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CDyygBjlsCj/?hl=en |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2019, Cook yakinnye hamwe na Jon Batiste kumajwi ''yubugingo'' bwa Pixar, yatsindiye igihembo cya Academy kumanota meza yumwimerere . <ref name="thesame"/> Muri Gicurasi 2020, Cook yagaragaye mu gitaramo cya Tiny Desk cya NPR, yakoreye mu rugo rwe muri New Jersey. <ref name="tinydesk" /> Nta itsinda rimushyigikira kubera intera mbonezamubano, yakoresheje imirongo kugirango ashyigikire gitari, amajwi, na saxofone. <ref name="tinydesk" /> Muri iki gitaramo, Cook yakoze amashusho ya alubumu zitandukanye zirimo ''Ahantu Hagati'' (2017) ''n’ikimenyetso cy’umuriro'' (2020), ndetse na "Indirimbo ye (ya Trayvon Martin )", yanditse yandika ku ivanguramoko n'ubugome bwa polisi. [ <ref name="tinydesk" /> <ref>{{Cite news |date=November 20, 2019 |title=Braxton Cook Delivers His Best at the Red Room |url=https://www.whrb.org/archive/braxton-cook-delivers-his-best-red-room |access-date=2023-03-10 |work=WHRB 95.3FM Harvard Radio Broadcasting}}</ref>​​​[[Amaarae|​]] <ref name="tinydesk">{{Cite web |last=Madden |first=Sidney |date=8 May 2020 |title=Braxton Cook Plays A Jazz-Infused Tiny Desk From Home |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/08/852151138/braxton-cook-tiny-desk-home-concert |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=NPR |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Madden |first=Sidney |date=22 June 2023 |title=Amaarae: Tiny Desk Concert |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/22/1180386456/amaarae-tiny-desk-concert |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=NPR Music}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pointer |first=Ashley |date=3 February 2025 |title=Braxton Cook: Tiny Desk Concert |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/03/g-s1-45613/braxton-cook-tiny-desk-concert |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[NPR]] |language=en}}</ref> Uwahoze ari mugenzi we babanaga na Juilliard Jahaan Sweet yakoresheje urugero rwijwi rya Cook mu gutunganya " Lavender Haze ", inzira ifungura kuri Album ya Taylor Swift ya Album ya ''Mid22'' . Cook yashimwe nk'umuproducer wongeyeho kuriyi nzira, ariko ntiyigeze yumva kugeza alubumu isohotse. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinnenberg |first=Jackson |date=31 October 2022 |title=How Did a D.C. Jazz Musician End Up on Taylor Swift's New Album? |url=https://districtfray.com/articles/dc-jazz-musician-taylor-swift-new-album/ |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=District Fray}}</ref> Cook na Sweet bari barigeze gukorana mugutunganya indirimbo "Tryna Be" yo muri Album ya 2022 ya studio ya Giveon ''Tanga cyangwa Ufate'' . Ukuboza 2022, Cook yatangaje ko hasohotse alubumu ye ya gatanu yuzuye ya studio yuzuye ''Ninde uri nde iyo ntawe ureba'' ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2023, kuri Nettwerk . <ref name="nettwerk">{{Cite web |last=Chammas |first=George |date=13 December 2022 |title=Emmy-Award Winning Juilliard-Trained Musician Braxton Cook Announces New Album + 2023 Headline Tour |url=https://nettwerk.com/emmy-award-winning-juilliard-trained-musician-braxton-cook-announces-new-album-2023-headline-tour/ |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=Nettwerk Music Group}}</ref> <ref name="bet">{{Cite web |last=Hunte |first=Justin |title=The Top 23 Most Anticipated Albums of 2023 |url=https://www.bet.com/article/wj4a3h/23-most-anticipated-albums-for-2023 |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231173543/https://www.bet.com/article/wj4a3h/23-most-anticipated-albums-for-2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ahagaragara alubumu nk'imwe mu ziteganijwe ''gusohoka'' mu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Stephen |date=29 August 2025 |title=The best new albums out Aug. 29 |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/08/29/nx-s1-5521275/new-music-friday-sabrina-carpenter-margo-price-blood-orange |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[NPR]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == === Alubumu za sitidiyo === * ''Braxton Cook yahuye na Butcher Brown'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2015) {{Small|(with [[Butcher Brown]])}} * ''Ahantu Hagati'' (Guhitamo neza, 2017) * ''Ahantu Hagati: Remixes & Outtakes'' (Guhitamo gushya, 2018) * ''Nta gushidikanya'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2018) * ''Ikimenyetso cy'umuriro'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2020) * ''Uri nde iyo ntawe ureba'' ( Nettwerk, 2023) * ''Ntabwo abantu bose bashobora kugenda'' (Nettwerk, 2025) === Imizingo yagutse === * ''Igishushanyo'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2014) * ''Nkawe Wari Usanzwe'' (yigenga, 2018) * ''Umwirabura Mona Lisa'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2022) == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gkkzhcfrbk5djo2e1j9lhv5sjgrhqbt 139487 139041 2026-09-23T09:50:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139487 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Musical Artist | name = Braxton Cook | image = Marquis Hill Blacktet, 4 mei 2019 BIM Amsterdam - Braxton Cook & Junius Paul (51490078816).jpg | caption = Cook performing with the [[Marquis Hill]] Blacktet in [[Amsterdam]], 2019 | background = | birth_name = Braxton Cook | alias = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1991|3|27}}<ref name="allmusic">{{cite web |last1=Kellman |first1=Andy |title=Braxton Cook Biography |url=https://www.allmusic.com/artist/braxton-cook-mn0003248885/biography |website=AllMusic |access-date=31 December 2022 |language=en}}</ref> | birth_place = [[Boston]], Massachusetts, U.S.<ref name="mit">{{cite web |title=MIT Center for Art, Science & Technology - Braxton Cook |url=https://arts.mit.edu/people/braxton-cook/ |website=Arts at MIT |access-date=31 December 2022}}</ref> | death_date = | death_place = | origin = | years_active = 2014–present | label = {{hlist|Fresh Selects|[[Nettwerk]]}} | genre = {{hlist|[[Jazz]]|[[R&B]]<ref name="grammy">{{cite web |last1=Liptak |first1=Carena |title=Positive Vibes Only: Saxophonist Braxton Cook Premieres Smooth New Song "Indie" With A Luminous Living Room Performance |url=https://www.grammy.com/news/braxton-cook-indie-performance-video-new-song-black-mona-lisa-positive-vibes-only |website=www.grammy.com |access-date=31 December 2022 |date=16 October 2022}}</ref>}} | associated_acts = {{hlist|[[Christian Scott (musician)|Christian Scott]]|[[Mac Miller]]|[[Christian McBride]]|[[Butcher Brown]]}} | website = {{URL|https://www.braxtoncook.com}} }} '''Braxton Cook''' (wavukiye ku ya 27 Werurwe 1991) ni umunyamerika ucuranga saxophone yo mu majwi yo hejuru (alto) akaba n’umwanditsi w’indirimbo unaririmba. Yakoreye ingendo hamwe n’abahanzi ba jazz barimo Christian Scott, Christian McBride na Marquis Hill, kandi aririmbira hamwe n’abandi nka Jon Batiste, Mac Miller na Rihanna.<ref name="thesame">{{Cite web |last=Palmer |first=Penny |date=10 June 2022 |title=New Signing Braxton Cook Shares "The Same (feat. Marquis Hill)" |url=https://nettwerk.com/new-signing-braxton-cook-shares-the-same-feat-marquis-hill-%E2%81%9F/ |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=Nettwerk Music Group}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Starling |first=Lakin |date=5 April 2017 |title=Jazz Marvel Braxton Cook Is Sure About Love On "You're The One" |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/04/05/braxton-cook-youre-the-one |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref>''​'' Mu 2017, Fader yamwise “impano idasanzwe ya jazz,”<ref>{{cite web |last1=Starling |first1=Lakin |date=5 April 2017 |title=Jazz Marvel Braxton Cook Is Sure About Love On "You're The One" |url=https://www.thefader.com/2017/04/05/braxton-cook-youre-the-one |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=The FADER |language=en}}</ref> naho mu 2018, Ebony imushyira mu bahanzi batanu ba jazz bakwiye kwitabwaho cyane. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Braxton Cook yavutse ku ya 27 Werurwe 1991, avukira i Boston, muri Massachusetts. Nyuma yo kwimuka inshuro nyinshi, umuryango we watuye ahitwa Silver Spring, Maryland, mu nkengero za Washington, DC, aho yabaga hafi yuburere bwe. Cook yize ishuri ryisumbuye rya Springbrook yiga saxofone yayobowe na Paul Carr. Igihe yari ahari, yari umwe mu banyeshuri 30 bo muri Amerika batoranijwe mu itsinda rya Grammy jazz 2009. Yize muri kaminuza ya Georgetown imyaka ibiri, aho yize icyongereza yibanda cyane muri African American Studies. Nkumunyeshuri wambere, yiswe Finalist ya YoungArts 2010. <ref name="allaboutjazz">{{Cite web |title=Braxton Cook musician - All About Jazz |url=https://www.allaboutjazz.com/musicians/braxton-cook |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=All About Jazz Musicians |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2011, Cook yimukiye mu ishuri rya Juilliard, aho yize jax saxophone hamwe na Ron Blake na Steve Wilson. Mu <ref name="allaboutjazz"/> mbere muri Juilliard, Cook yitabiriye igitaramo cya Donald Harrison, aho yahuye na mwishywa wa Harrison, umucuranzi w’inzamba Christian Scott. Nyuma yaho gato, Cook yabaye umunyamuryango muremure witsinda rya Scott. == Umwuga == [[File:Braxton_Cook_and_Elena_Pinderhughes.jpg|alt=Cook and [[Elena Pinderhughes]] performing at [[Newport Jazz Festival]], 2024|thumb| Teka na [[Elena Pinderhughes]] baririmbira muri [[Newport Jazz Festival]], 2024]] Cook yatangije umwuga we wenyine muri 2014, yishyira ahagaragara bwa mbere EP ''Sketch''. Yashyize ahagaragara kandi alubumu yuzuye ''Cook Yahuye na Butcher Brown'' ku bufatanye n’itsinda ry’abanyamerika ryitwa ''Jazz'' Butcher Brown mu ''2015'', mbere yo gusinyana na label yigenga ''ya'' Fresh Selects mu 2016 . Ibihembo. Muri 2018, Cook yagaragaye muri videwo ''ya Vox'' yise " Indirimbo itinywa cyane muri jazz, yasobanuwe ", yakiriye uburyo bushya budasanzwe: Ubuhanzi, Ubuzima n’umuco igihembo cya 40 cya News na Documentaire Emmy Awards. Ku ruhare rwe muri videwo, Cook yahawe icyemezo cya Emmy Awards. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cook |first=Braxton |date=12 August 2020 |title=Braxton Cook on Instagram: "My Emmy certificate just came in the mail!! ✨✨This was for the @voxdotcom Earworm video series on "Giant Steps: The Most Feared Song in Jazz." Swipe right 👉🏾 for the vid!! S/O to @estellecaswell and @its_adamneely" |url=https://www.instagram.com/p/CDyygBjlsCj/?hl=en |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=Instagram |language=en}}</ref> Muri 2019, Cook yakinnye hamwe na Jon Batiste kumajwi ''yubugingo'' bwa Pixar, yatsindiye igihembo cya Academy kumanota meza yumwimerere. <ref name="thesame"/> Muri Gicurasi 2020, Cook yagaragaye mu gitaramo cya Tiny Desk cya NPR, yakoreye mu rugo rwe muri New Jersey. <ref name="tinydesk" /> Nta itsinda rimushyigikira kubera intera mbonezamubano, yakoresheje imirongo kugirango ashyigikire gitari, amajwi, na saxofone. <ref name="tinydesk" /> Muri iki gitaramo, Cook yakoze amashusho ya alubumu zitandukanye zirimo ''Ahantu Hagati'' (2017) ''n’ikimenyetso cy’umuriro'' (2020), ndetse na "Indirimbo ye (ya Trayvon Martin )", yanditse yandika ku ivanguramoko n'ubugome bwa polisi. [ <ref name="tinydesk" /> <ref>{{Cite news |date=November 20, 2019 |title=Braxton Cook Delivers His Best at the Red Room |url=https://www.whrb.org/archive/braxton-cook-delivers-his-best-red-room |access-date=2023-03-10 |work=WHRB 95.3FM Harvard Radio Broadcasting}}</ref>​​​[[Amaarae|​]] <ref name="tinydesk">{{Cite web |last=Madden |first=Sidney |date=8 May 2020 |title=Braxton Cook Plays A Jazz-Infused Tiny Desk From Home |url=https://www.npr.org/2020/05/08/852151138/braxton-cook-tiny-desk-home-concert |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=NPR |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Madden |first=Sidney |date=22 June 2023 |title=Amaarae: Tiny Desk Concert |url=https://www.npr.org/2023/06/22/1180386456/amaarae-tiny-desk-concert |access-date=22 June 2023 |website=NPR Music}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Pointer |first=Ashley |date=3 February 2025 |title=Braxton Cook: Tiny Desk Concert |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/02/03/g-s1-45613/braxton-cook-tiny-desk-concert |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[NPR]] |language=en}}</ref> Uwahoze ari mugenzi we babanaga na Juilliard Jahaan Sweet yakoresheje urugero rwijwi rya Cook mu gutunganya " Lavender Haze ", inzira ifungura kuri Album ya Taylor Swift ya Album ya ''Mid22''. Cook yashimwe nk'umuproducer wongeyeho kuriyi nzira, ariko ntiyigeze yumva kugeza alubumu isohotse. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sinnenberg |first=Jackson |date=31 October 2022 |title=How Did a D.C. Jazz Musician End Up on Taylor Swift's New Album? |url=https://districtfray.com/articles/dc-jazz-musician-taylor-swift-new-album/ |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=District Fray}}</ref> Cook na Sweet bari barigeze gukorana mugutunganya indirimbo "Tryna Be" yo muri Album ya 2022 ya studio ya Giveon ''Tanga cyangwa Ufate''. Ukuboza 2022, Cook yatangaje ko hasohotse alubumu ye ya gatanu yuzuye ya studio yuzuye ''Ninde uri nde iyo ntawe ureba'' ku ya 24 Gashyantare 2023, kuri Nettwerk. <ref name="nettwerk">{{Cite web |last=Chammas |first=George |date=13 December 2022 |title=Emmy-Award Winning Juilliard-Trained Musician Braxton Cook Announces New Album + 2023 Headline Tour |url=https://nettwerk.com/emmy-award-winning-juilliard-trained-musician-braxton-cook-announces-new-album-2023-headline-tour/ |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=Nettwerk Music Group}}</ref> <ref name="bet">{{Cite web |last=Hunte |first=Justin |title=The Top 23 Most Anticipated Albums of 2023 |url=https://www.bet.com/article/wj4a3h/23-most-anticipated-albums-for-2023 |access-date=31 December 2022 |website=BET |language=en |archive-date=31 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221231173543/https://www.bet.com/article/wj4a3h/23-most-anticipated-albums-for-2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ahagaragara alubumu nk'imwe mu ziteganijwe ''gusohoka'' mu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Stephen |date=29 August 2025 |title=The best new albums out Aug. 29 |url=https://www.npr.org/2025/08/29/nx-s1-5521275/new-music-friday-sabrina-carpenter-margo-price-blood-orange |access-date=2 September 2025 |website=[[NPR]] |language=en}}</ref> == Ubucukumbuzi == === Alubumu za sitidiyo === * ''Braxton Cook yahuye na Butcher Brown'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2015) {{Small|(with [[Butcher Brown]])}} * ''Ahantu Hagati'' (Guhitamo neza, 2017) * ''Ahantu Hagati: Remixes & Outtakes'' (Guhitamo gushya, 2018) * ''Nta gushidikanya'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2018) * ''Ikimenyetso cy'umuriro'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2020) * ''Uri nde iyo ntawe ureba'' ( Nettwerk, 2023) * ''Ntabwo abantu bose bashobora kugenda'' (Nettwerk, 2025) === Imizingo yagutse === * ''Igishushanyo'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2014) * ''Nkawe Wari Usanzwe'' (yigenga, 2018) * ''Umwirabura Mona Lisa'' (yishyize ahagaragara, 2022) == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] lo5w9yhoksgqmrak3birg7ixwuf442x 0 21409 139114 126933 2026-09-23T02:37:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139114 wikitext text/x-wiki JONATHAN JAMAL PORTER ni umuhanzi wo muri AMERICA uzwi cyane kumazina ya BLUEFACE wamenyekanye cyane mu mwaka wa 2018<ref>Orcutt, K. C. (December 7, 2018). "Blueface Confirms New Songs With Drake and Quavo". ''XXL Mag''.</ref> asohoye indirimbo yitwa respect my crippin ariyo yahise imuzamurira urwego rwubuhanzi akunzwe cyane kandi bitewe nuburyo bwa offbeat bwe<ref>berts, Alyssa (November 18, 2022). "Rapper Blueface accused of shooting at man after altercation at Las Vegas gentlemen's club". ''KTNV-TV Las Vegas''. Archived from the original on December 13, 2022. Retrieved December 13, 2022.</ref> butandukanye nubwabandi nubwo indirimbo yamuzamuye ari respect my crippin ariko iye izwi cyane ni thotiana yasohotse 2020. BLUEFACE yaramaze igihe kirekire adasohora bitewe nuko yari yarafunzwe kuva muri 2023 bitewe no gucyekwaho icyaha cyihohotera ry'umwana we w'umuhungu amwima ibiryo kandi atabuze ubushobozi amategeko amukatira imyaka ibiri muri gereza iba muri northcarolina<ref /> UBUZIMA BWE BWA MBERE YUMUZIKI JAMAL PORTER yavutse kuri 20 nyakanga 1997 avukira mu mugi wa los angeles ,california. Yabanje kubana na mama we nyuma ava california yimukira oakland city kubana na papa we ,aho yagiye ku ishuri ryitwe arleta ahita ajya mubandi banyeshuri bari barakoze itsinda ry'ubuhanzi yisangamo impano yo kuririmba kandi nanone aba mu ikipe y'umupira w'amaguru bitewew nimbaraga yari afite n'indeshyo byatumye bamwizera cyane muri uwo mukino.<ref>"Jonathan Porter Announces Commitment to Play Football at Fayetteville State University". ''fieldlevel.com''. Archived from the original on February 8, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref> muri ibyo bihe yakinaga uwo mukino kurusha uko yitaga kubuhanzi bwe akomeza gukina no kubindi bigo mpaka 2016 <ref /> . AKAZI K'UBUHANZI [[Dosiye:Blueface in Feb 2020.png|thumb|[[Dosiye:Blueface in 2020.png|thumb]]]] AHO NABISOBANUYE KO yasohoye indirimbo ye yambere 2018 izamura abafana bitewe nuburyo aririrmba byihariye nyuma aza gusohora indirimbo ye yakuruye abafana benshi yitwa THOTIANA yakoranye nuwitwa CARDI B <ref>"Blueface Is One Of 2019's Most Promising Stars â€" His Producer Tells Us How He Got Here". ''MTV News''. Archived from the original on January 3, 2019. Retrieved January 26, 2019.</ref><ref>''Blueface Exposed!'', September 14, 2018, archived from the original on February 27, 2019, retrieved January 26, 2019</ref> nyuma yaho aba reproducer batangira gukururwa inkuru murizo yitwa lyrical lemonade ariyo yahise ahitamo muri zose ahita akorana indirmbo nabandi bahanzi bakuruwe nawe<ref>Orcutt, K. C. (December 7, 2018). "Blueface Confirms New Songs With Drake and Quavo". ''XXL Mag''.</ref> aho muri 2020 yakoze concert ye yambere eyk0dxk41l7n12kno0u23lez35f7hmq 0 21410 139418 126935 2026-09-23T09:42:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139418 wikitext text/x-wiki Real names of central cee are Oakley Neil Caesar-Su and he was born on 4 june 1998(currently 27 years) . He was born and raised in shepherds bush. Central cee is an atypical London drill rapper best known for hits such as "commitment issues" and "loading". As for now central cee is an unsigned singer/independent<ref name=":0">https://www.imdb.com</ref> He currently has 4 awards including 2021 winner MOBO award (Best drill act ),2021 winner MOBO award (Best newcomer),2022 winner MOBO award(video of the year),2022 winner MOBO award (Best male act)and 12 nominations<ref name=":0" /> 8drq8oze8wwcv3zvqrejdfhfoojwd1m 0 21559 139470 138346 2026-09-23T09:48:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Xaverine Nirere - 2023 UCI Road World Championships (Women's road race).jpg|thumb|Nirere Xaverine muri 2023]] Nir'''ere''' '''Xaverine''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] unyonga igare yavutse 12 mata 2002, akaba ari mushiki wa Valens Ndayisenga wigeze gutwara irushanwa rya magare mu Rwanda. Yatangiye amarushanwa mu mwaka wa 2016, akaba akinira ikipe ya '''Team Amani''' y'amagare ahagarariye [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Akarere ka '''Rwamagana''']].<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/28624/sports/cycling/cycling-nirere-turns-focus-on-2025-world-championship</ref><ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/c8exx58ed63o</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/28575/sports/cycling/nirere-increases-chances-of-winning-windhoek-tour</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/29899/sports/cycling/nirere-says-starting-uci-race-in-kigali-a-proud-moment-for-africans</ref><ref>https://www.rfi.fr/en/sports/20250921-reusser-and-evenepoel-take-first-titles-at-world-cycling-championships-in-kigali</ref> == Amarushanwa == Nirere yegukanye imidari ibiri mu mikino ya Afurika yabereye i Accra muri Ghana mu mwaka wa 2023. Nirere kandi yakoze amateka muri Namibiya ubwo ku wa 2 Kanama 2025 muri irushnwa rya Windhoek asize abandi iminota irenga icumi. kandi muri Shampiyona y’Isi muri 2025, ryabereye i Kigali ni we wabaye umukinnyi wa mbere watangije isiganwa ryo gusiganwa n’ibihe,yasoje ku mwanya wa 27 ku isi, aba uwa mbere muri [[Afurika]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rouleur.cc/blogs/the-rouleur-journal/it-s-time-for-us-to-show-what-africa-can-do-the-trailblazers-heading-up-amani |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-02-22 |archive-date=2025-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251207163019/https://www.rouleur.cc/blogs/the-rouleur-journal/it-s-time-for-us-to-show-what-africa-can-do-the-trailblazers-heading-up-amani |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/emotional-and-unforgettable-rwanda-world-championships-ramps-up-momentum-of-african-cycling/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/29823/sports/cycling/team-rwanda-upbeat-ahead-of-kigali-2025-uci-world-championships</ref><ref>https://globalpeloton.substack.com/p/nirere-wins-windhoek-women-tour-africas</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] 98krf6vi8bjmvpc47umvt2iwaot68g2 0 21581 139377 128367 2026-09-23T09:09:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139377 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:2019 Brands Hatch W Series round 28.jpg|thumb]] '''Naomi Schiff''', yavutse ku ya 18 Gicurasi 1994, ni umushoferi w’amasiganwa y’imodoka ufite ubwenegihugu bw'[[Rwanda|Umunyarwanda]] [[Ububiligi|n’Umubiligi]] akaba n’umunyamakuru ukora kuri Televiziyo. Yavukiye mu Bubiligi se ni Umubiligi na nyina w’Umunyarwanda <ref name="tnt 2022-05-06">{{Cite journal |date=6 May 2022 |title=Rwanda's Naomi Schiff on her experience in Formula One |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/sports/rwandas-naomi-schiff-her-experience-formula-one |journal=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |language=en |access-date=7 mai 2022}}</ref>, yakuriye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo]] ubu atuye i [[Paris]] <ref name="interview">{{Cite web |date=8 December 2014 |title=Naomi Schiff |url=https://gasmagazine.co.za/naomi-schiff/ |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=Gasmagazine.co.za |archive-date=2021-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226001244/https://gasmagazine.co.za/naomi-schiff/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite journal |date=10 June 2011 |title=Naomi Schiff: On the fast track |url=https://www.news24.com/Archives/City-Press/Naomi-Schiff-On-the-fast-track-20150429 |journal=News24 |access-date=20 décembre 2018}}</ref> . Mu 2020, yagizwe intumwa y’ubumwe n’ubwuzuzanye muri W Series <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-10 |title=Naomi Schiff becomes W Series diversity and inclusion ambassador |url=https://formulaspy.com/f1/naomi-schiff-becomes-w-series-diversity-and-inclusion-ambassador-67276 |access-date=2020-05-22 |website=FormulaSpy |language=en-GB |archive-date=2023-04-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230407023331/https://formulaspy.com/f1/naomi-schiff-becomes-w-series-diversity-and-inclusion-ambassador-67276 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Yabaye umunyamakuru kuri televiziyo ya Formula 1 Grand Prix, muri Sky Sports muri 2022, no muri Canal Plus muri 2023. == Umwuga == Nyuma y'ikiruhuko cy'umwaka umwe, yongeye kwinjira mu ikipe ya RC Formula mu cyiciro muri 2020 Formula Renault Eurocup muri Circuit Motorland Aragon. Yanahatanye muri Supercar Challenge Superlights - SR3 n'ikipe ya GH Motorsport <ref>{{Cite web |title=Belgian Naomi Schiff to start for Reiter Engineering in GT4 European Series - GT4 European Series Northern Cup |url=https://north.gt4series.com/news/78/belgian-naomi-schiff-to-start-for-reiter-engineering-in-gt4-european-series |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=North.gt3series.com |archive-date=2023-04-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406002452/https://north.gt4series.com/news/78/belgian-naomi-schiff-to-start-for-reiter-engineering-in-gt4-european-series |url-status=dead }}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 July 2015 |title=Half Season Break for Naomi Schiff |url=https://www.leplangt.com/naomi-schiff-from-model-to-racing-car-driver/ |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=Leplangt.com |archive-date=2017-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920092654/https://www.leplangt.com/naomi-schiff-from-model-to-racing-car-driver/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2016 |title=Interview Naomi Schiff - Het Automeisje |url=http://www.hetautomeisje.nl/interview-naomi-schiff/ |access-date=2017-06-13 |website=Hetautomeisje.nl}}</ref> . Ku ya 20 Nyakanga 2023, Canal Plus yatangaje ko Naomi Schiff azinjira mu ikipe yabo ya F1 <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 juillet 2023 |title=Formule 1 – Grand Prix de Hongrie 2023 (TV/Streaming) Des changements dans le dispositif de Canal Plus ! |url=https://www.sport-tv.org/sports/sports-mecaniques/formule-1/formule-1-grand-prix-de-hongrie-2023-tv-streaming-des-changements-dans-le-dispositif-de-canal-plus/ |access-date=2023-07-21 |website=sport-tv.org |language=fr}}</ref> avuye mu irushanwa rya Hongiriya Grand Prix ryo muri 2023 . Ni umwe mu bagize itsinda ry'abajyanama ba Sky Sports F1 mu mwaka w'imikino wa 2025 <ref>{{Cite web |last=Michael Potts |date=13-03-2025 |title=F1 2025 commentators and presenters: Meet the Sky F1 experts and analysts |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/tv/sport/formula-1/f1-presenters-commentators/ |access-date=12-04-2025 |language=en}}</ref> . == Agahigo k'isiganwa == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] 4zdnckofbqdp072r43qa67zcvw0kfd3 0 21582 139226 133826 2026-09-23T07:24:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139226 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kwizera Arnold''' ( yavutse ku ya 24 Nzeri 1993 ) ni umunyamakuru [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwanda]], akaba n’umukozi kuri radiyo na televiziyo. Arnold ni umuyobozi mukuru wa '''Patriots Basketball Club''', <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mugenga |first=Dylan |date=2024-11-16 |title=Patriots appoint Arnold Kwizera as new CEO |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/21876/sports/basketball/patriots-appoint-arnold-kwizera-as-new-ceo |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> ndetse n'urubuga rw’itangazamakuru ry’imari, aho ari umuyobozi wa Pivot and Profit. <ref>{{Cite web |title=KFinancial |url=https://www.thekfinancial.com/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |website=www.thekfinancial.com |archive-date=2025-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250808035133/https://www.thekfinancial.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni umwe kandi mu bashinze akaba n’umuyobozi mukuru wa ArCa Ventures Fund na Studio, akora ikiganiro cya saa sita kuri radiyo kuri Royal FM, akaba n’uwahoze ari umunyamakuru wa siporo, ikiganiro cya saa sita kuri Televiziyo y’u Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Jackie Lumbasi, Arnold Kwizera Launch Kigali In The Morning, Rwanda’s First English Breakfast Show on ROYAL FM > IGIHE |url=http://en.igihe.com/news/jackie-lumbasi-arnold-kwizera-launch-kigali-in.html |access-date=2026-02-23 |archive-date=2025-07-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250729131809/https://en.igihe.com/news/jackie-lumbasi-arnold-kwizera-launch-kigali-in.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kantengwa |first=Sharon |date=2018-03-10 |title=Meet Jackie Lumbasi: Rwanda’s newest radio presenter |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/149314/Lifestyle/meet-jackie-lumbasi-rwandaas-newest-radio-presenter |access-date=2025-07-30 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ingoboka |first=Ivan |date=14 October 2014 |title=New RTV breakfast show starts tomorrow |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-10-14/181919/ |access-date=8 January 2015 |publisher=The New Times}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Arnold yavukiye i Westville, [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] ku ya 24 Nzeri 1993. Ku myaka 2, yimukiye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kubana na nyina. Se yakoraga akazi ko gucuranga disiki. Mu bwana bwe, Arnold yakundaga kujya mu birori byo kwizihiza isabukuru y'inshuti ze. == Umwuga == == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi muri Siporo]] fnetww1c5k48clonufv7vlwf9ualpag 0 21592 139198 129276 2026-09-23T07:11:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139198 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Imikino ya nyuma ya BAL yo mu 2022''' yarumukino wa shampiyona y'umwaka wa 2022 wa BAL, umwaka wakabiri wa Basketball Africa League (BAL). Umukino wanyuma wabereye muri [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]] i [[Kigali]] kuri 28 Gicurasi 2022, hagati y'ikipe yomuri Angola Petro de Luanda nikipe yomuri Tuniziya ya US Monastir. US Monastir yatsinze umukino nyuma yo kwitwara neza mugice cya kane, yegukana igikombe cya mbere cya BAL ndetse n'igikombe cyambere cya Afurika. Uyu mukino witabiriwe n'abantu 10.000 bagurishijwe. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-02-13 |title=BAL Announces Teams, Conferences & Game Schedule Ahead of 2023 Season Tipping off March 11th |url=https://bal.nba.com/news/bal-announces-teams-conferences-game-schedule-ahead-of-2023-season-tipping-off-march-11th |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=[[Basketball Africa League|BAL]] |language=en}}</ref> == Amakipe == ''Mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira, imikino ya nyuma muri FIBA Africa Clubs Champions Cup iri mu nyandiko nto.'' {| class="wikitable" !Ikipe ! Irushanwa rya nyuma ryabanje (itsinda ry'abakinnyi ryagaragaje ko ari abatsinze) |- |[[US Monastir (basketball)|Monastir yo muri Amerika]] | 1 ( 2021 ) |- |[[Petro de Luanda (basketball)|Petero de Luanda]] | Nta na kimwe<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>8 (1994, 1999, 2000, '''2006''', 2007, 2009, 2012, '''2015''' )</small> |- |} == Aho bizabera == Kw' itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 2021, [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]], icyo gihe yiswe "Kigali Arena", yatangajwe nkaho hazabera imikino ya Playoffs ya BAL yo mu 2022. <ref name="seasonbal">{{Cite news |last=BAL |first=NBA- |title=BASKETBALL AFRICA LEAGUE TO TIP OFF EXPANDED SECOND SEASON MARCH 5 |url=https://www.thebal.com/news/basketball-africa-league-to-tip-off-expanded-second-season-march-5 |access-date=9 December 2021 |work=NBA - BAL |language=en}}</ref> Iyiyari final yakabiri yikurikiranya yabereye muriyo stade. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;margin:1em auto;" ![[Kigali]] | rowspan="4" | |- | [[Kigali BK Arena|Ikibuga cya BK]] |- | Ubushobozi: 10.000 |- | |} == Inyuma == === Petero de Luanda === Petro de Luanda yegukanye igikombe cyumwaka wa 2020-21, anagarura umutoza wa Brezili José Neto mumwaka wakabiri w'imikino. Itsinda ry'abakinnyi bakomeye ryakomeje kuba ryiza, Anderson Correia na Yanick Moreira basinyishijwe nk'abakinnyi bongerewe imbaraga kuri 15 Werurwe 2022. <ref name="correia">{{Cite news |date=9 March 2022 |title=Basquetebol: Internacional cabo-verdiano Anderson Correia reforça o Petro de Luanda |url=https://www.balai.cv/noticias/desporto/basquetebol-internacional-cabo-verdiano-anderson-correia-reforca-o-petro-de-luanda/ |access-date=15 March 2022 |work=Balai |language=pt-PT |archive-date=27 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230227223728/https://www.balai.cv/noticias/desporto/basquetebol-internacional-cabo-verdiano-anderson-correia-reforca-o-petro-de-luanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=14 March 2022 |title=YANICK MOREIRA E ANDERSON CORREIA APRESENTADOS. |url=https://petroatletico.co.ao/noticia/2466 |access-date=15 March 2022 |work=Petro de Luanda |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Petro yagize ibihe byiza cyane mumateka, kuko yegukanye shampiyona ya Basketball ya Angola yo mu 2021-22 ifite agahigo ko kudatsindwa k'ibitego 33-0. Kuri 11 Gicurasi 2022, yegukanye igikombe cyayocya 15 cy'igihugu nyuma yogutsinda Interclube mumikino yanyuma y'igihugu. <ref>{{Cite news |date=11 May 2022 |title=PETRO TRICAMPEÃO NACIONAL DE BASQUETEBOL |url=https://petroatletico.co.ao/noticia/3266 |access-date=11 May 2022 |work=Petro de Luanda |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Ubwo ikipe yanatwaraga igikombe cya Angola na Angola Supercup, yegukanye igikombe cyayo cyambere cy'igihugu. Mu nama ya BAL Nile yo mu 2022, Petro yarangije ariku mwanya wakabiri nyuma yo gutsindwa na Zamalek gusa. Ku 8 Gicurasi, umukinnyi w’umunyamerika EC Matthews yongewe kurutonde rw’abakinnyi mbere y’imikino ya nyuma. <ref>{{Cite news |date=8 May 2022 |title=NOVO JOGADOR PARA A BAL |url=https://petroatletico.co.ao/noticia/3237 |access-date=9 May 2022 |work=Petro de Luanda |language=pt-PT}}</ref> Nyuma yo gutsinda [[AS Salé (basketball)|AS Salé]] mumukino wongeye gukinirwa muri kimwe cyakane cy’irangiza cy’umwaka ushize, Petro yatsinze FAP igera kumukino wanyuma wa BAL wa mbere ndetse n’umukino wa yuma wa cyendaku mugabane wa Afurika. === Monastir yo muri Amerika === US Monastir yegukanye igikombe cyakabiri cya BAL nyuma yokwegukana igikombe cya Championnat National A cyomuri 2020-21. Mu gihe cy'ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru, iyikipe yatakaje abakinnyi bayo b'ibyamamare ba All-BAL Omar Abada na Makrem Ben Romdhane mugihe cy'ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru ubwo basinye amasezerano muri Arabiya Sawudite na Porutugali. Abakinnyi bakomeye bashyizwemo Solo Diabate na Michael Dixon, mugihe Ater Majok yongeye gusinya amasezerano. Mu marushanwa yayo yo mugihugu imbere, Monastir yagize ikindi gihembwe gikomeye ubwo yegukanaga igikombe cyayo cyakane cyikurikiranya cy’igihugu kuwi 11 Gicurasi 2022, nyuma yo gutsinda Ezzahra Sports kumukino wanyuma. Nyuma y’iminsi itatu, kuri 14 Gicurasi, Monastir yanatwaye igikombe cya Tuniziya irangiza igikombe cyakabiri. <ref>{{Cite news |title=US Monastir conquer Cup 2022 |url=https://www.afrobasket.com/Tunisia/news/682044/US-Monastir-conquer-Cup-2021 |access-date=14 May 2022 |work=www.afrobasket.com}}</ref> Mu nama ya 2022 ya BAL Sahara, Monastir yabaye iyakabiri nyuma yo gutsindwa bitunguranye n'ikipe yomu Rwanda REG. Mbere y'imikino ya nyuma y'amajonjora, ikipe yongeye gukomezwa n'umuzamu w'umunyamerika Julius Coles Jr. Murikimwe cyakane cy'irangiza, ikipe yatsinze Cape Town Tigers kukinyuranyo cy'amanota 39 kumwaka w'imikino. Mumikino ya kimwe cyakabiri cy'irangiza, ikipe yatsinze Zamalek kugira ngoyihorere kugutsindwa kwanyuma mumwaka ushize. == Inzira igana ku mukino wa nyuma == {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" ! colspan="2" |[[Petro de Luanda (basketball)|Petro de Luanda]] !Round ! colspan="2" |[[US Monastir (basketball)|US Monastir]] |- style="background:#C1E0FF" |Opponent | colspan="1" |Result |Group phase |Opponent | colspan="1" |Result |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Cape Town Tigers]] |90–61 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 1 | style="text-align:left" |[[Clube Ferroviário da Beira (basketball)|Ferroviário da Beira]] |77–71 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Cobra Sport]] |92–56 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 2 | style="text-align:left" |[[SLAC (basketball club)|SLAC]] |76–55 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[Zamalek SC Basketball|Zamalek]] |72–85 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 3 | style="text-align:left" |[[AS Salé (basketball)|AS Salé]] |96–90 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[FAP Basketball|FAP]] |73–60 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 4 | style="text-align:left" |[[Dakar Université Club (basketball)|DUC]] |74–62 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[BC Espoir Fukash|Espoir Fukash]] |94–64 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Round 5 | style="text-align:left" |[[REG BBC|REG]] |74–77 |- | colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" |'''Nile Conference second place'''   {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> ! scope="col" width="190" |Team<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr> ! scope="col" width="36" |<abbr title="Win percentage">PCT</abbr> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |1 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Egypt.svg|link=Egypt|alt=Egypt|border|23x23px]]</span> Zamalek <span style="font-weight:bold">(H)</span> | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |1.000 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |2 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Angola.svg|link=Angola|alt=Angola|border|23x23px]]</span> Petro de Luanda | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |.800 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_South_Africa.svg|link=South_Africa|alt=South Africa|border|23x23px]]</span> Cape Town Tigers | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |.400 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |4 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Cameroon.svg|link=Cameroon|alt=Cameroon|border|23x23px]]</span> FAP | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |.400 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |5 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_South_Sudan.svg|link=South_Sudan|alt=South Sudan|border|23x23px]]</span> Cobra Sport | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |.200 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |6 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo|alt=Democratic Republic of the Congo|border|20x20px]]</span> Espoir Fukash | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |.200 |} <div class="sports-table-notes">Source: [https://thebal.com BAL], [https://www.afrobasket.com/Basketball-Africa-League/basketball.aspx Afrobasket]<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold">(H)</span> Hosts</div> | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Regular season | colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top" |'''Sahara Conference second place'''   {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> ! scope="col" width="190" |Team<templatestyles src="Hlist/styles.css"></templatestyles><templatestyles src="Module:Navbar/styles.css"></templatestyles> ! scope="col" width="28" |<abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr> ! scope="col" width="36" |<abbr title="Win percentage">PCT</abbr> |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |1 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Rwanda.svg|link=Rwanda|alt=Rwanda|border|23x23px]]</span> REG | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |.800 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |2 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Tunisia.svg|link=Tunisia|alt=Tunisia|border|23x23px]]</span> US Monastir | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |.800 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |3 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Morocco.svg|link=Morocco|alt=Morocco|border|23x23px]]</span> [[AS Salé (basketball)|AS Salé]] | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |.600 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |4 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Guinea.svg|link=Guinea|alt=Guinea|border|23x23px]]</span> SLAC | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;color:black;" |.400 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |5 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Mozambique.svg|link=Mozambique|alt=Mozambique|border|23x23px]]</span> Ferroviário da Beira | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |.200 |- | style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |6 ! scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Senegal.svg|link=Senegal|alt=Senegal|border|23x23px]]</span> DUC <span style="font-weight:bold">(H)</span> | style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |5 | style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" |.200 |} <div class="sports-table-notes">Source: [https://thebal.com BAL], [https://www.afrobasket.com/Basketball-Africa-League/basketball.aspx Afrobasket]<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold">(H)</span> Hosts</div> |- style="background:#C1E0FF" |Opponent |Result |Playoffs |Opponent |Result |- | style="text-align:left" |[[AS Salé (basketball)|AS Salé]] |102–89 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Quarterfinals | style="text-align:left" |[[Cape Town Tigers]] |106–67 |- | style="text-align:left" |[[FAP Basketball|FAP]] |88–74 | style="background:#C1E0FF" |Semifinals | style="text-align:left" |[[Zamalek SC Basketball|Zamalek]] |88–81 |- |} == Umukino == Mugice cyambere, ikipe ya US Monastir yatsinze imikino 17-18 mugice cyambere. Mugice cyakabiri, Petro de Luanda yatsinze imikino 8-0 irimo ibitego bitatubya Gerson Gonçalves na Carlos Morais, bituma igice cy mbere kirangira arimbere kumanota 40-33. Monastir yatsinze 0-8 inyuma y'umurongo w'amanota atatu mugice cyambere, maze abakinnyi ba Tunisia barushwa amanota 17-2 n'Abanya Angola. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=US Monastir are the 2022 Basketball Africa League Champions |url=https://bal.nba.com/news/us-monastir-are-the-2022-basketball-africa-league-champions |access-date=2023-11-28 |website=The BAL |language=en}}</ref> Nyuma yo gukubita umupira mugice cyagatatu, Monastir yari inyuma y'amanota 57-59 gusa. Michael Dixon yatsinze amanota atatu yatumye Monastir izamuka kumanota 60-59, ari na yoyari iyoboye igice cyakabiri. Abakinnyi bakomeye ba Petro, Jone Pedro na Yanick Moreira, bombi batsinzwe amakosa hasigaye iminota 8 n'umunota 1 ngumukino ugende neza. Hasigaye iminota itatu ngumukino ugende neza, Carlos Morais yakoze ikosa ridasanzwe, Monastir aryifashisha atsinda amanota 72-67. Umukino warangiye hasigaye amasegonda 30 ngo Radhouane Slimane atsinde umupira nyuma yo gutsindwa na Julius Coles Jr. maze atsinda igitego bituma Monastir atsinda amanota 78–72. Nyuma yo gutsindwa na Petro de Luanda, rutahizamu wa Monastir Firas Lahyani yibye umupira ariko nta mahirwe yahaye Petro yo kugaruka. Michael Dixon yateye umupira 7 kuri 10 mukibuga maze atsinda amanota 21 n'imipira 6 yavuyemo ibitego, kandi nyuma yo kwitwara neza cyane, yagizwe umukinnyi ukomeye cyane muri BAL, nyuma ya Walter Hodge nk'uwa kabiri wegukanye iki gihembo. Ater Majok wohagati muri Monastir, watsinze amanota 14 mu mukino, yagizwe umukinnyi w'umwaka w'ubwirinzi muri BAL. Gerson Gonçalves yatsinze amanota 28 mu ikipe ya Angola yatsinzwe, akurikirwa n'amanota 18 ya Yanick Moreira avuye ku ntebe y'abasimbura. <ref name=":0" />{{2022 BAL Finals}} == Ingaruka == Murwego rwokwizihiza shampiyona yabo, Monastir ya Amerika yakiriwe mu ngoro ya Carthage na Perezida wa Tuniziya Kais Saied. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boubaker |first=Saber Ben |date=2022-06-03 |title=Basket : le Président de la République reçoit l'US Monastir (Photos + Vidéo) |url=https://sport.tunisienumerique.com/basket-le-president-de-la-republique-recoit-lus-monastir-photos-video/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |website=Sport By TN |language=fr-FR |archive-date=2022-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221119205611/https://sport.tunisienumerique.com/basket-le-president-de-la-republique-recoit-lus-monastir-photos-video/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ikipe yanashimiwe kuri Twitter na [[Barack Obama]], wahoze ari Perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika akaba n'umushoramari muri BAL. <ref>{{Cite news |date=2022-07-17 |title=BAL : Barack Obama félicite l'US Monastir |url=https://sportnewsafrica.com/breve/bal-barack-obama-felicite-lus-monastir/ |access-date=2022-11-19 |work=Sportnewsafrica.com}}</ref> == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} rw2t8lzkc438fhf0c6fube9w28u9i1x 0 21654 139218 134955 2026-09-23T07:21:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139218 wikitext text/x-wiki Umukino '''wa nyuma wa shampiyona nyafurika BAL 2024,''' wari umukino wa shampiyona y'umwaka wa 2024 muri BAL, mu mwaka wa gatatu wa Basketball nyafurika ( BAL), ndetse n'isozwa ry'imikino ya nyuma. Umukino wa nyuma wabaye ku ya 1 Kamena 2024 kuri [[Kigali BK Arena|BK Arena]] i [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]]. Umukino wa nyuma wahuje ikipe yo muri Angola Petro de Luanda n'ikipe yo muri Libiya Al Ahly Ly. Petro de Luada yatsinze Al Ahly Ly ku manota 107–94, yegukana igikombe cya BAL ndetse n'igikombe cya gatatu k'umugabane w'afurika, harimo n'igikombe cya FIBA afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-06-01 |title=Petro de Luanda are the 2024 BAL Champions |url=https://bal.nba.com/news/petro-de-luanda-are-the-2024-bal-champions |access-date=2024-06-02 |website=The BAL |language=en}}</ref> Mu kubikora, babaye kandi ikipe ya mbere yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara yegukanye igikombe cya BAL. Nk'abatsinze, kandi Petro de Luanda, yegukanye igikombe cya FIBA cyo muri 2024 . Petro de Luanda abaye ikipe ya kabiri yakinnye imikino ibiri ya nyuma ya BAL, yikurikiranya gusa amaze gukina no gutsindwa imikino muri 2022.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=How did Al Ahly Ly and Petro de Luanda make it to the 2024 BAL Final? |url=https://bal.nba.com/news/how-did-al-ahly-ly-and-petro-de-luanda-make-it-to-the-2024-bal-final |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=The BAL |language=en}}</ref> Al Ahly Ly niyo kipe ya mbere yo muri Libiya yakinnye umukino wanyuma, ndetse nitsinda rya mbere ryujuje ibisabwa binyuze mu majonjora yo mu muhanda ugana BAL muri shampiyona imwe yakinnye umukino wanyuma.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] or5f2cdsk4ipmhxl40it100i752ldip 0 21707 139419 134671 2026-09-23T09:42:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge|Shampiyona y'isi y'amagare 2025}} '''Shampiyona y'Isi y'amagare''' yari ku inshuro ya 98 y'Amarushanwa y'Isi abera mu muhanda, shampiyona y'Isi ngarukamwaka y'amarushanwa yo gusiganwa ku magare yo mu muhanda. Yabaye kuva ku ya 21 kugeza ku ya 28 Nzeri 2025 i [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]]. Ni ryo rushanwa rya mbere ry'Isi ribereye muri Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About Kigali 2025 - UCI Kigali 2025 |url=https://ucikigali2025.rw/about-the-championships/ |access-date=10 June 2025 |publisher=Union Cycliste Internationale}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=25 September 2021 |title=UCI Road World Championships: Rwanda selected as first African hosts in 2025 |url=https://www.bbc.com/sport/cycling/58664176 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=BBC Sport}}</ref> Hakozwe amarushanwa cumi n'atatu, agizwe n'amasiganwa atandatu yo mu muhanda, amarushanwa atandatu y'igihe kimwe, n'amarushanwa yo gusiganwa mu matsinda. Uyu ni umwaka wa mbere w'isiganwa ryihariye ry'abagore batarengeje imyaka 23; mbere, uwatsinze abatarengeje imyaka 23 yari uwa mbere mu isiganwa ry'abagore batarengeje imyaka 23. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Fletcher |first=Patrick |date=12 February 2022 |title=UCI confirms U23 women's category for 2022 Road World Championships, with standalone races from 2025 |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-confirms-u23-womens-category-for-2022-road-world-championships-with-standalone-races-from-2025/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241226010407/https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/uci-confirms-u23-womens-category-for-2022-road-world-championships-with-standalone-races-from-2025/ |archive-date=26 December 2024 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> [[Dosiye:UCI_2025_in_Kigali_01.jpg|thumb|Shampiyona y'Isi y'amagare mu RWanda muri 2025 ]] == Isomo == Uyu mwanzuro wa tangajwe mu inama yabereye i Zurich mu 2024. Amarushanwa yo mu muhanda abera ku ntera ya kilometero 15.1 izenguruka [[Kigali]], hamwe n'umubare utandukanye w'imizunguruko mu marushanwa atandukanye. Isiganwa ry'abagabo ryari kilometero 42.5 kwagura. <ref name="cn-route">{{Cite web |last=Farrand |first=Stephen |date=26 September 2024 |title=With 5,475m of climbing, 2025 Road World Championships in Rwanda to be one of hardest ever |url=https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/2025-road-world-championships-in-rwanda-to-be-one-of-hardest-ever/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241010025004/https://www.cyclingnews.com/news/2025-road-world-championships-in-rwanda-to-be-one-of-hardest-ever/ |archive-date=10 October 2024 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=cyclingnews.com}}</ref> Kigali iri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1850; uburebure hamwe ndetse n'ingano y'imihanda byatumye abenshi mu gusiganwa ku magare bavuga ko inzira ari imwe mu zigoye cyane mu mateka y'amarushanwa y'isi. <ref name="cn-route" /> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cotton |first=Jim |date=27 September 2024 |title=Hardest Road Worlds Ever? Rwanda Reveals Crushing Climb-Loaded Courses for 2025 UCI World Championships |url=https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/hardest-road-worlds-ever-rwanda-reveals-crushing-climb-loaded-courses-for-2025-uci-world-championships/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250129160520/https://velo.outsideonline.com/road/road-racing/hardest-road-worlds-ever-rwanda-reveals-crushing-climb-loaded-courses-for-2025-uci-world-championships/?scope=anon |archive-date=29 January 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=Velo}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Boermans |first=Hendrik |date=26 September 2024 |title=UCI presents brutally tough 2025 World Championships in Rwanda: 5,500 (!) meters of climbing, including climbing time trial |url=https://www.idlprocycling.com/cycling/uci-presents-brutally-tough-2025-world-championships-in-rwanda-5500-meters-of-climbing-including-climbing-time-trial |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250610011110/https://www.idlprocycling.com/cycling/uci-presents-brutally-tough-2025-world-championships-in-rwanda-5500-meters-of-climbing-including-climbing-time-trial |archive-date=10 June 2025 |access-date=10 June 2025 |website=IDL Procycling}}</ref> == Gahunda == Amasaha yose akurikira ni ay'aho utuye - Isaha ya Afurika yo Hagati cyangwa UTC+02:00 . === Amarushanwa yo mu muhanda === == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amagare mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amagare]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] r3wzs2mpc0z6dhz32x7i7o8y2wf8dho 0 21757 139514 128637 2026-09-23T10:00:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139514 wikitext text/x-wiki '''William Kiah Perry''' ( yavutse ku ya 11 Ukwakira 1994) ni umukinnyi wa [[Umupira w’agatebo|Basketball]] w'umunyamerika ubarizwa mu babigize umwuga. Areshya na metero 1.83 . Perry akina nk'umuzamu w'inyuma. Yahoze ari umukinnyi muri kaminuza ya Lenoir, amaze imyaka myinshi akina umukino wa Basketball mu Burayi no muri afurika. Perry yari afite agahigo ko gutsinda amanota menshi mu mukino umwe wa BAL, ni umukinnyi wakinnye mu ikipe ya mbere y'abakinyi beza ba BAL inshuro imwe ndetse akaba n'umukinnyi wegukanye igihembo cy'umugabo mwiza muri BAL inshuro ebyiri. == Umwuga == ==== Kigali Titans (2023) ==== Ku ya 8 Mutarama 2023, Perry yinjiye muri [[Kigali Titans]] yo muri [[Rwanda Basketball League|shampiyona y'umukino wa Basketball mu Rwanda]] ( RBL ) ku masezerano y'ukwezi kumwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=2023-01-08 |title=Basketball: Titans make two major signings ahead of new season |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4093/sports/basketball/basketball-titans-make-two-major-signings-ahead-of-new-season |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=2023-01-12 |title=Titans' new signing Perry on his basketball aspirations in Rwanda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4202/sports/basketball/titans-new-signing-perry-on-his-basketball-aspirations-in-rwanda |access-date=2024-02-24 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] t7cdcgcuvui3pc39lxtt5ww9tm245u0 0 21779 139426 134481 2026-09-23T09:43:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139426 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Oliver Amani Mbekeka''' (wavutse kuya 22 Kanama 1979) ni umutoza [[Umupira w’amaguru|w'umupira w'amaguru]] akaba n'umukinnyi wahoze akina imbere. Yahoze arumukinnyi w'ikipe y'igihugu ya Uganda na DR Congo, <ref>{{Cite web |date=16 October 2022 |title=How World Cup dream swayed Mbekeka to play for Congo |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/how-world-cup-dream-swayed-mbekeka-to-play-for-congo-3987528}}</ref> akaba n'umugore wambere wayoboye ikipe y'abagabo nk'umutoza mukuru muri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Meet Oliver Mbekeka, the first woman to lead a men's team as Head Coach in the Uganda Premier League - Matooke Republic |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241022/meet-oliver-mbekeka-the-first-woman-to-lead-a-mens-team-as-head-coach-in-the-uganda-premier-league/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102071206/https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241022/meet-oliver-mbekeka-the-first-woman-to-lead-a-mens-team-as-head-coach-in-the-uganda-premier-league/ |archive-date=2 November 2024 |access-date=2024-10-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umwuga w'ikipe == Mbekaka yakiniye Kampala Women, City Stars naShe Corporate muri Uganda, Source de Kivu na OCL City muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ndetse na [[APR FC]] yomu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=30 October 2006 |title=5e CAN féminine: la sélection congolaise |url=http://www1.rfi.fr/actufr/articles/082/article_47114.asp |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=RFI |language=fr}}</ref> <ref name="FUFA">{{Cite web |date=5 August 2020 |title=#WomenCrushWednesday: Oliver Mbekeka is the Uganda U20 Women Head Coach & U17 Women team physical fitness trainer. |url=https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=3252190768199307&id=113104262107989 |access-date=14 May 2021 |publisher=Federation of Uganda Football Associations}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 March 2012 |title=APR thump Remera Rukoma |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/50755 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Mbekaka yakiniye Uganda kurwego rwo hejuru mugihe cy'irushanwa rya Afurika ry'abagore ryo mu 2000 ndetse nomu ijonjora rya Afurika ry'abagore ryo mu 2002. <ref name="RSSSF">{{Cite web |title=Africa - Women's Championship 2000 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women00.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> Yakinnye imikino mpuzamahanga 12. <ref name="FUFA"/> === Intego mpuzamahanga === ''Amanota n'ibisubizo bya Uganda nibyo byambere mugutsinda ibitego'' {| class="wikitable" !Oya. ! Itariki ! Aho bizabera ! Umwanzi ! Amanota ! Ibisubizo ! Irushanwa |- | style="text-align:center;" | 1 | 17 Ugushyingo 2000 | Johannesburg, Afurika y'Epfo | Réunion | style="text-align:center;" | '''2''' – 1 | style="text-align:center;" | 2–1 | Shampiyona y'abagore ya Afurika yo mu 2000 |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 13 Ukwakira 2002 | Kampala, Uganda | Etiyopiya | style="text-align:center;" | '''2''' – 0 | style="text-align:center;" | 2–2 | Amajonjora yo guhatanira igikombe cya Afurika cy'abagore cyo mu 2002 |} === Impaka === Nyuma y'uko Uganda ivuye mu marushanwa yo guhatanira itike yo kujya mu gikombe cy'Afurika cy'abagore mu 2004 mbere y'imikino y'ibanze yakinnye na Malawi, Mbekeka namugenzi we w'umupira w'amaguru w'Umugande Annet Nakimbugwe bimukiye mumahanga. <ref name="M">{{Cite web |title=Mother, daughter play for different teams |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/mother-daughter-play-for-different-teams-1632486?view=htmlamp |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Monitor}}</ref> Kubera kobari muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi yaKongo, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Women football back on menu |url=https://observer.ug/sports/44-sports/5642-women-football-back-on-menu |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227155143/https://observer.ug/sports/44-sports/5642-women-football-back-on-menu |archive-date=27 February 2022 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> bagizwe abakinnyi nka Oliva Amani na Annette Nshimire, kandi bahagarariye igihugu mu irushanwa ry'isi rya FIFA ry'abagore batarengeje imyaka 20 ryo mu 2006. <ref name="M" /> Yaje gukinira Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi yaKongo kurwego rwo hejuru mu irushanwa rya Afurika ry'abagore ryo mu 2006. <ref name="CAMCOD">{{Cite web |date=29 October 2006 |title=FIFA WWC 2007 Prel. Comp. CAF – Cameroon - Congo DR |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=521/edition=247808/matches/match=55518/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120608050755/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=521/edition=247808/matches/match=55518/report.html |archive-date=8 June 2012 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> <ref name="CODMLI">{{Cite web |date=1 November 2006 |title=FIFA WWC 2007 Prel. Comp. CAF – Dem. Rep. of Congo - Mali |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=521/edition=247808/matches/match=55516/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081202033309/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=521/edition=247808/matches/match=55516/report.html |archive-date=2 December 2008 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> <ref name="CODGHA">{{Cite web |date=4 November 2006 |title=FIFA WWC 2007 Prel. Comp. CAF – Congo DR - Ghana |url=http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=521/edition=247808/matches/match=55514/report.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120724143608/http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/tournament=521/edition=247808/matches/match=55514/report.html |archive-date=24 July 2012 |access-date=14 May 2021 |website=FIFA.com}}</ref> == Umwuga w'ubuyobozi == Mbekaka yatoje Lady Doves Masindi muriUganda ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu y'abagore y'abatarengeje imyaka 20 ya Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 August 2018 |title=Former Crested Cranes star player appointed head coach at Lady Doves Masindi |url=https://kawowo.com/2018/08/09/former-crested-cranes-star-player-appointed-head-coach-at-lady-doves-masindi/ |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> <ref name="FUFA"/> Oliver Mbekaka niUmutoza Mukuru akaba n'Umuyobozi w'agateganyo wa [[Lugazi FC]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Meet Oliver Mbekeka, the first woman to lead a men's team as Head Coach in the Uganda Premier League |url=https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241022/meet-oliver-mbekeka-the-first-woman-to-lead-a-mens-team-as-head-coach-in-the-uganda-premier-league/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241102071206/https://www.matookerepublic.com/20241022/meet-oliver-mbekeka-the-first-woman-to-lead-a-mens-team-as-head-coach-in-the-uganda-premier-league/ |archive-date=2 November 2024 |access-date=2024-10-25 |website=Matook Republic |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-10-22 |title=Meet Oliver Mbekeka, the first woman to lead a men's team as Head Coach in the Uganda Premier League |url=https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/07/15/lugazi-appoint-oliver-mbekeka-as-assistant-coach/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=Swift Sports Uganda |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913184747/https://swiftsportsug.com/2024/07/15/lugazi-appoint-oliver-mbekeka-as-assistant-coach/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Aheebwa |first=Brian |date=2024-07-16 |title=UPL: Oliver Mbekeka Makes History |url=https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/07/16/upl-olivier-mbekeka-makes-history/ |access-date=2024-09-13 |website=NBS Sport |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-09-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913185056/https://nbssport.co.ug/2024/07/16/upl-olivier-mbekeka-makes-history/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} f07duvk5cl9o26fg50mupkslab925em 0 21780 139321 128666 2026-09-23T07:46:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139321 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Annet Nakimbugwe''' n' [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] ukina hagati. Yabaye umwemu bakinnyi b'ikipe y'igihugu y'abagore ya Uganda ndetse nikipe ya DR Congo y'abatarengeje imyaka 20. <ref>{{Cite web |title=How World Cup dream swayed Mbekeka to play for Congo |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/how-world-cup-dream-swayed-mbekeka-to-play-for-congo-3987528}}</ref> == Umwuga w'ikipe == Nakimbugwe yakiniye Source de Kivu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi yaKongo, muri [[APR FC]] mu Rwanda nomuri Buikwe SheRed Stars muri Uganda. <ref>{{Cite web |date=20 July 2009 |title=APR women beat Rubavu in mismatch |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/45693 |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> <ref name="M">{{Cite web |title=Mother, daughter play for different teams |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/mother-daughter-play-for-different-teams-1632486?view=htmlamp |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Monitor}}</ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Nakimbugwe yakiniye Uganda kurwego rwo hejuru mw' irushanwa rya Afurika ry'abagore ryo mu 2000 ndetse nomu irushanwa rya Afurika ry'abagore ryo muri 2002. <ref name="RSSSF">{{Cite web |title=Africa - Women's Championship 2000 |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tablesa/afr-women00.html |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=RSSSF}}</ref> === Intego mpuzamahanga === ''Amanota n'ibisubizo bya Uganda nibyo bya mbere mugutsinda ibitego'' {| class="wikitable" !Oya. ! Itariki ! Aho bizabera ! Umwanzi ! Amanota ! Ibisubizo ! Irushanwa |- | style="text-align:center;" | 1 | 17 Ugushyingo 2000 | Johannesburg, Afurika y'Epfo | Réunion | style="text-align:center;" | '''1''' – 1 | style="text-align:center;" | 2–1 | Shampiyona y'abagore ya Afurika yo mu 2000 |- | style="text-align:center;" | 2 | 13 Ukwakira 2002 | Kampala, Uganda | Etiyopiya | style="text-align:center;" | '''1''' – 0 | style="text-align:center;" | 2–2 | Amajonjora yo guhatanira igikombe cya Afurika cy'abagore cyo mu 2002 |} === Impaka === Nyuma y'uko Uganda ivuye mu marushanwa yo gushaka itike yo kujya mu gikombe cy'Afurika cy'abagore muri 2004 mbere y'imikino y'ibanze yakinnye na Malawi, Nakimbugwe namugenzi we w'umupira w'amaguru w'Umugande Oliver Mbeka bagiye mumahanga. <ref name="M">{{Cite web |title=Mother, daughter play for different teams |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/mother-daughter-play-for-different-teams-1632486?view=htmlamp |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Monitor}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/mother-daughter-play-for-different-teams-1632486?view=htmlamp "Mother, daughter play for different teams"]. </cite></ref> Kubera kobari muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 October 2009 |title=Women football back on menu |url=https://observer.ug/sports/44-sports/5642-women-football-back-on-menu |access-date=27 February 2022}}</ref> bagizwe abakinnyi basanzwe nka Annette Nshimire na Oliva Amani, ndetse bahagararira igihugu mw' irushanwa ry'isi rya FIFA ry'abagore batarengeje imyaka 20 ryo mu 2006. <ref name="M" /> Yanakinnye icyiciro cyakurikiyeho muri 2008 . == Ubuzima bwite == Umukobwa wa Nakimbugwe, Hasifah Nassuna, nawe ni umupira w'amaguru kandi bombibahuye mumikino ya shampiyona y'abagore ya Uganda. <ref name="M">{{Cite web |title=Mother, daughter play for different teams |url=https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/mother-daughter-play-for-different-teams-1632486?view=htmlamp |access-date=27 February 2022 |website=Monitor}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/lifestyle/reviews-profiles/mother-daughter-play-for-different-teams-1632486?view=htmlamp "Mother, daughter play for different teams"]. </cite></ref> == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Amasano yo hanze == * Annet Nakimbugwe on Twitter 2sbetyxuz753wwqnz31felvdwv0i3q0 0 21781 139454 130197 2026-09-23T09:46:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139454 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Danielita Favour Nambatya''' (wavutse kuya 14 Ugushyingo 2000) ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] w'abagore womuri Uganda, akabakina nk'umukinnyi wa mbere mu ikipe [[Rwanda Women's Football League|y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagore yomu Rwanda]] [[Apaer women's Football Club|yitwa Apaer Women's Football Club]] ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu y'abagore yo muri Uganda. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-25 |title=Nambatya joins Rwanda’s Apaer Women's Football Club |url=https://sports.mtn.co.ug/2023/01/25/nambatya-joins-rwandas-apaer-womens-football-club/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=MTN Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2023-01-26 |title=Transfers: Favour joins Rwanda top flight side {{!}} The Touchline Sports |url=https://thetouchlinesports.com/transfers-favour-joins-rwanda-top-flight-side/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |language=en-US |archive-date=2024-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619144315/https://thetouchlinesports.com/transfers-favour-joins-rwanda-top-flight-side/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-01-25 |title=Forward Nambatya joins top-flight club in Rwanda |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/01/25/forward-nambatya-joins-topflight-club-in-rwanda/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwa mbere == Yavukiye mu bitaro bya Mulago, Kampala, avukana na Peruth Onuonga, akaba n'umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru wahoze arimu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru Mathias Ssonko. Mushiki we Precious Najjemba nawe yigeze kuba umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru muri Kaminuza ya Mutesa I Royal mumuryango w'abantu 6. <ref name=":3"/> Nambatya yatangiye gukina umupira w'amaguru afite imyaka irindwi ubwo yigaga mumwaka wa gatatu w'amashuri abanza muri By Pass Standard Academy i Kyebando, nyuma ajya mw' ishuri ribanza rya Old Mulago. <ref name=":3"/> Muminsi ya mbere yatojwe muri All Stars Sports Academy iyobowe n'umutoza Muyitale, maze agaragara mw' ishuri ribanza rya Old Mulago kurwego rw'amashuri abanza. <ref name=":3" /> Nambatya yahoze ari umukinnyi mu ishuri rikuru rya Masaka ryahoze ari Agha Khan, aho yize kugeza mumwaka wa gatatu w'amashuri abanza hamwe n'umutoza Jimmy Kisekka, nyuma yinjiye muri ST Mary's Kitende mumwaka wa kane w'amashuri abanza na Kawempe Muslim SS mu cyiciro cya mbere hamwe n'umutoza Moses Nkata na Ayub Khalifa, Ishuri ry'Ubucuruzi rya Kaminuza ya Makerere na Kaminuza ya Royal ya Muteesa I. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":3" /> == Umwuga w'ikipe == === Kawempe Muslim WFC === Nambatya yinjiye muri Kawempe Muslim LFC avuye muri Kawempe Muslim SS ubwo yazamurwaga muntera akina muri FUFA Women Elite League, shampiyona y’abagore ya Uganda yari shampiyona ikomeye y’umupira w’amaguru w’abagore icyarimwe. Nambatya yakinnye muri Kawempe mugihe cy’imyaka itatu kuva muri 2015 kugeza mumpera za 2018, atsinda ibitego 27 bya shampiyona muricyo gihe. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2023-01-27 |title=Apaer new signing Nambatya opens goal account in Rwanda |url=https://kawowo.com/2023/01/27/apaer-new-signing-nambatya-opens-goal-account-in-rwanda/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref name=":3"/> Mu mwaka wa mbere w’imikino wa 2015 yatsinze ibitego 6 bya shampiyona, 8 muri 2015/16 na 13 muri 2016/17. <ref name=":3" /> === Muteesa I Royal University WFC. === Avuye i Kawempe, Nambatya yinjiye muri Kaminuza ya Muteesa I Royal mucyiciro cyakabiri cya kaminuza mubukerarugendo nogucunga amahoteli, maze arangiza akinirayo umwaka n'igice akina muri FUFA Women Elite League kugeza mumwaka w'imikino wa 2018-2019. <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4"/> === Ishuri ry'Ubucuruzi rya Kaminuza ya Makerere (MUBS) === Nambatya yavuye i Muteesa muri 2019 ajya muri MUBS mw' isomo rya siyansi mu bijyanye no kwamamaza. <ref name=":0"/> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":4"/> === She Corporate FC === Nambatya yinjiye muri She Corporate mu 2020 kandi yari mw' ikipe yegukanye igikombe cya FUFA Women Super League mumwaka wa 2021-22. <ref name=":0"/> Favour yari uwa kabiri mubatsinze ibitego muri shampiyona n'ibitego 10 ubwo Fazila Ikwaput na Hasifah Nassuuna basangiraga inkweto. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":2"/> Mumwaka wa 2022/23 arikumwe na She Corporate, Nambatya yatsinze ibitego bitandatu muri CAF Women Champions League (CECAFA Zone Qualifiers). <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":2" /> === Apear Women FC === Ku itariki ya 25 Mutarama 2023, Nambatya yasinye amasezerano y'igihe gito na [[Apear Women Fc]] yomu Rwanda ikina muri shampiyona <ref name=":0"/> [[Rwanda Women's Football League|y'abagore mu]] <ref name=":4" /> <ref name=":1"/> <ref name=":2"/> <ref name=":4"/> == Uburyo bwo gukina == Nambatya afite umugisha wogukora kumupira ku nshuro yambere, kandi nimukinnyi w'ikipe kandi agatera imipira mu byiciro byose. Mugihe cy'umukino, Nambatya kandi akomeza kugira ishusho nk'iy'umukinnyi uhiga igitego kugira ngo arangize hafi y'aho atera imipira akoresheje imbaraga nyinshi n'imitwe ikomeye. <ref name=":2"/> Nubwo yari umuhanga mukugenzura imipira hafi, gutera umutwe, gutera imipira, gutera imipira nokuyitera neza. <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Isabirye |first=David |date=2017-06-12 |title=KNOW YOUR STARS: Female footballer Nambatya inspired by the supportive family |url=https://kawowo.com/2017/06/12/know-your-stars-female-footballer-nambatya-inspired-by-the-supportive-family/ |access-date=2024-11-19 |website=Kawowo Sports |language=en-US}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFIsabirye2017">Isabirye, David (12 June 2017). [https://kawowo.com/2017/06/12/know-your-stars-female-footballer-nambatya-inspired-by-the-supportive-family/ "KNOW YOUR STARS: Female footballer Nambatya inspired by the supportive family"]. ''Kawowo Sports''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite></ref> == Umwuga mpuzamahanga == Mu 2012, yahamagawe bwambere n'ikipe ye kugira ngahagararire ikipe y'igihugu y'abagore ya Uganda. Kandi yahamagawe n'amakipe y'igihugu arenga atanu. <ref name=":4"/> <ref name=":2"/> Nambatya yari mubakinnyi ba CAF U-20 mubagore bahamagawe na Uganda muri 2017, batsinze Sudani y'Epfo ibitego 22-0 nubwo yatakaje icyiciro gikurikiraho kubera amafaranga. <ref name=":3"/> == Ibyubahiro == Inkomoko: <ref name=":3"/> * '''Shampiyona y'abagore ya FUFA Elite''' [2015, 2015/16, 2016/17] * '''Igikombe cy'Ubwigenge''' [2014, 2015, 2016] * '''FUFA Women Super''' '''League''' [2021/22] == Reba kandi == * Kawempe Muslim LFC == Amareferensi == <references /> 7gzv32rxp82uvzsm9n8oxtwmv9t93ab 0 21853 139322 128780 2026-09-23T07:46:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139322 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Youssou Ndoye''' ( yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1991) ni umukinnyi w'abigize umwuga ukomoka muri [[Senegali|Senegal]]. Yakinnye Basketball muri Kaminuza mu ikipe ya Bonaventure iwabo. Anakinira ikipe y'igihugu ya Senegali ndetse yabaye na Kapiteni wayo. == mu mashuri yisumbuye == Ndoye yakinnye basketball mu m'amashuri yisumbuye muri cademi y'i Lee, mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri. yatsinze mesnhi kuri buri mukino, yashyizwe mu byiciro by'amashuri abanza mu ishuri rye ajya muri kaminuza. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |title=Youssou Ndoye bio |url=http://gobonnies.sbu.edu/sports/m-baskbl/2014-15/bios/ndoye_youssou_louc |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230515104429/https://gobonnies.sbu.edu/sports/m-baskbl/2014-15/bios/ndoye_youssou_louc |archive-date=15 May 2023 |access-date=26 July 2015 |website=GoBonnies.sbu.edu}}</ref> == Umwuga == === APR (2025–ubu) === Ku ya 23 Mata 2025, Ndoye yinjiye mu ikipe ya [[APR BBC]] yo mu shampiyona ya basketbal yu Rwanda (BAL). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=2025-04-23 |title=Basketball: APR signs NBA G-League winner, Senegalese centre |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/25890/sports/basketball/basketball-apr-signs-nba-g-league-winner-senegalese-centre |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Ndoye yafashije APR kurangiza ku mwanya wa gatatu mu mwaka wa 2025, gusa yashyizwe mu ikipe ya kabiri ya nziza. <ref name=":10">{{Cite web |date=2025-06-14 |title=BAL announces 2025 awards |url=https://bal.nba.com/news/bal-announces-2025-awards |access-date=2025-06-14 |website=The BAL |language=en}}</ref> Yatsinze amanota 9 na ribandi 6.8 muri shampiyona. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Youssou Ndoye Player Profile, Austin Spurs - RealGM |url=https://basketball.realgm.com/player/Youssou-Ndoye/Summary/30605 |access-date=2025-06-20 |website=basketball.realgm.com |language=en}}</ref> Ku ya 18 Kamena. Ku ya 12 Nyakanga 2025, Ndoye yegukanye igikombe cya [[Rwanda Basketball League|shampiyona ya Basketball mu Rwanda]] ( RBL) ari kumwe na APR, nyuma yo gutsinda [[REG BBC]] mu mukino wa nyuma. Yatsinze amanota 26 menshi, ndetse na ribandi 7 na n'imipira 3 mu mukino wa 5 ukomeye, nyuma yaho barangije batsinze. Ndoye yagizwe umukinnyi w’indashyikirwa mu iryo rushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=2025-07-12 |title=APR see off REG in Game 5, win record 16th championship |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/28003/sports/basketball/apr-see-off-reg-in-game-5-win-record-16th-championship |access-date=2025-07-14 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Ikipe y'igihugu == Ndoye akinira ikipe y'igihugu ya Senegal, ndetse no muri shampiyona ya furika muri 2017 na [[FIBA AfroBasket 2021|2021]], yegukana umudari, ndetse no mu gikombe cy'isi cya Basketball cy o muri 2019. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-17 |title=Youssou Ndoye (Senegal) - Basketball Stats, Height, Age {{!}} FIBA Basketball |url=https://www.fiba.basketball/en/players/181170-youssou-ndoye |access-date=2025-05-18 |website=www.fiba.basketball |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Basketball]] [[Ikiciro:APR BBC]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] gch4aq7seua5yhn24x9lti93d1lgqlk 0 21858 139345 128797 2026-09-23T07:49:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Chasson Randle.JPG|thumb|Chasson Randle mu ikibuga]] '''Chasson Randle''' ( yavutse ku ya 5 Gashyantare 1993) ni umukinnyi ukina [[Umupira w’agatebo|basketball]] ukomoka muri amerika w'abigize umwuga mu ikipe ya Rodou wo muri shampiyona ya Basketball y’Abagereki. Yakinnye basketball muri kaminuza muri Sitanforode. Ari mu mwaka wa nyuma w’amashuri yisumbuye mu 2014-15, yafatwaga nk'umwe mu bakinnyi bakomeye mu gihugu. == ubunyamwuga == === Real Madrid (2017–2018) === [[Dosiye:Chasson_Randle_2_Real_Madrid_Baloncesto_Euroleague_20171012_(1)_(cropped).jpg|right|thumb|247x247px|Randle ari kumwe na Riyo Madride muri 2017]] === Stockton Kings (2024–2025) === Ku ya 30 Ukuboza 2024, Randle yagurishijwe muri sitoke Kingi mu irushanwa ry’amakipe atatu ryahuje Isilande Nete, Iowa ihabwa Amari Bailey wo muri Long Island naho Long Island igura Timme wo muri sitoke. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 30, 2024 |title=Stockton Kings Acquire Chasson Randle in Three-Team Trade |url=https://stockton.gleague.nba.com/news/stockton-kings-acquire-chasson-randle-in-three-team-trade |access-date=December 30, 2024 |website=NBA.com}}</ref> === APR (2025) === Ku ya 23 Mata 2025, Randle yasinye amasezerano na [[APR BBC]] muri Rwanda, aho yinjiye muri shampiyona nyafurika ya basketball ( BAL). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sikubwabo |first=Damas |date=2025-04-23 |title=Basketball: APR signs NBA G-League winner, Senegalese centre |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/25890/sports/basketball/basketball-apr-signs-nba-g-league-winner-senegalese-centre |access-date=2025-05-22 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Basketball]] [[Ikiciro:APR BBC]] [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] 7atq4xxmm9yorpc94x8dpua1tb1a0ht 0 21886 139346 129580 2026-09-23T07:50:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139346 wikitext text/x-wiki Har'''imikino gakondo itandukanye mur'Afurika'''. Irimubwoko butandukanye bwogusiganwa ku maguru, gusimbuka, kurwana inkoni, kubyina, imikino y’ukwezi n’imihango, koga, gusiganwa ku mafarashi, no gukirana, ndetse n’imikino yo ku kibaho n’imikino y’urusimbi. == Inkomoko n'ubwoko bwayo == Mugihecyambere y’ubukoloni, abitabiraga imikinongororamubiri bashoboraga kugiricyubahiro, umwirondoro, n’ububasha. Harubwoko bumweburimo gusiganwa kumaguru, gusimbuka, kurwana inkoni, kubyina, urumuri rw’ukwezi n’imikino y’imihango, koga, gusiganwa ku mafarashi, no gusiganwa ku maguru. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Otinwa |first=G. O. |date=2012 |title=African Perspectives on Physical Education and Sports |url=https://ir.unilag.edu.ng/items/bb949284-9761-4187-848a-0a338b90a2c5 |journal=Global Journal of Health and Physical Education Pedagogy |volume=1 |issue=1}}</ref> Murikigihe cyanyuma, abitabiriye bakundaga guhagararira umudugudu wabo cyangwa akarere kabo, bitoza kuva bakiri bato ibikorwa binini by’umuryango. <ref name=":0" /> Ubuhanga mu mikorere bwakunze kujyana no guhiga, imirimo yo kuragira, gukusanya ibiryo, n’abarwanyi. Mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’umugabane siporo yafatwaga nk’iy’ingenzi cyane, <ref name=":0" /> mu bindi bitari ibyo, urugero muri Setswana umukino wa hafi bivuze "umukino utari uw’ingenzi". Gusiganwa ku bwato byari bikunze kugaragara ku [[Umugezi wa Ubangi|ruzi rwa Ubangi]] muri Afurika yo Hagati, kandi abarwanyi bakoraga imiheto, gutera amacumu, no gusiganwa ku nka. Siporo yari isanzwe ari iy’abagabo, kandi ahanini yabuzaga abagore, uretse mu mbyino, no mu bihe bimwe na bimwe gusiganwa ku maguru. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Akyeampong |first=Emmanuel |last2=Ambler |first2=Charles |date=2002 |title=Leisure in African History: An Introduction |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3097363 |journal=The International Journal of African Historical Studies |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=1–16 |doi=10.2307/3097363 |issn=0361-7882 |jstor=3097363 |pmid=17494229 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref name="Baker 1987">{{Cite book |last=Baker |first=William J. (William Joseph) |date=1987 |title=Sport in Africa : essays in social history |url=http://archive.org/details/sportinafricaess00bake |last2=Mangan |first2=J. A. |publisher=New York : Africana Pub. Co. |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-8419-0906-9}}</ref> : 41 Ariko imikino myinshi gakondo ntiyanditswe neza kandi yatsinzwe. <ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last=Amusa |first=L. O. |last2=Toriola |first2=A. L. |date=2010 |title=The changing phases of Physical Education and sport in Africa : can a uniquely African model emerge? : physical education |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC19656 |journal=African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance |volume=16 |issue=4 |pages=666–680 |hdl=10520/EJC19656}}</ref> Urusimbi rwarirusanzwe kandirwakunze gukinwa kuburyo bukomeye, ahwimikino yasobanurwaga muburyo bujyanye n'ikirere. Uturere twakunzwe cyane ninkombe za Guinée na Afurika yo Hagati, ariko ubusanzwe rwarangwaga n'ibanga. <ref name="Baker 1987"/> : 47–8  Ubutegetsi bw’abakoloni bwabonaga kwaguka kwa siporo z’i Burayi nk’ingenzi ku " butumwa bwazo bwo guteza imbere umuco ", kandimikino myinshigakondo yarazimye. Inzego z’uburezi bw’abakoloni zashyizeho gahunda yo kwigisha siporo zomu Burengerazuba bw’isi, byatekerezwaga ko zishyira imbere "imico myiza", mugihe siporo gakondo yafatwaga nk' "iya kera, iy’ubusambanyi, kandi irwanya Ubukristo". <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amusa |first=Lateef O. |last2=Toriola |first2=A. L. |date=2012 |title=Professionalisation of Physical Education and Sport Science in Africa |url=https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC126005 |journal=African Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance |volume=18 |issue=3 |pages=628–642 |hdl=10520/EJC126005}}</ref> <ref name=":1"/> Hari aho amashuri y’ivugabutumwa yashyigikiraga imikino gakondo yarifite amakipe y’i Burayi yahafi. Irushanwa [[Abatutsi|ry’abatutsi]] ''[[Gusimbuka|ryo]]'' gusimbuka hejuru ryarubahwaga n’abakoloni. Imikino y’urusimbi nka ''abbia'' muri Kameruni yarahagaritswe. <ref name="Baker 1987"/> : 50  Mugihe cyanyuma y’ubukoloni, imikinoyomu Burengerazuba yashyizwe imberecyanekurusha imikino gakondo. Uburezi bw’imyitozo ngororamubiri murikigihe buracyashingiye ahanini ku buryo bw’ubukoloni/ubw’iburengerazuba, kandi imikino gakondo ntabwo ikunze gushyirwa mu nteganyanyigisho. Ntamikino gakondo ibaho mumikino y'Afurika. <ref name=":1"/> [[African Traditional Sports and Games Confederation|Ishyirahamwe ry’Imikino gakondo n’Imikino muri Afurika]] (ATSGC), ishami ry’Inama Mpuzamahanga y’Imikino gakondo n’Imikino (ICTSG), rigamije kurinda imikino gakondo muri Afurika, kandi [[African Traditional Sports and Games|imikino gakondo ya mbere muri Afurika]] iteganijwe kubera i Swakopmund, muri Namibiya muri Kamena 2026. <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Traditional Sports and Games Confederation – AFRICA TSG |url=https://africatsg.com/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |language=en-US |archive-date=2025-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250804192754/https://africatsg.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Aman Kumar |date=2024-09-03 |title=African Traditional Sports and Games Multi-Event Set for 2026 |url=https://www.thesportscol.com/2024/09/african-traditional-sports-and-games-multi-event-set-for-2026/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=The Sports Column {{!}} Sports Articles, Analysis, News and Media}}</ref> == Imikino y'umubiri == === Afurika y'Amajyaruguru === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Kwirukankana impyisi | Isiganwa ry'amaguru | Afurika y'Amajyaruguru | <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=R. C. |date=1969 |title=Board and Table Games From Many Civilizations. Vol. I. 2nd ed |url=https://archive.org/details/B-001-002-771}}</ref> |- | Tahtib | Guhangana n'inkoni | Misiri | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Le tahtib, un Art martial égyptien pluri millénaire vivant |url=https://www.egyptos.net/egyptos/actualite-egypte/le-tahtib-un-art-martial-egyptien-pluri-millenaire-vivant.php |website=Egyptos}}</ref> |} === Afurika y'Iburengerazuba === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | [[Gidigbo]] | Guhangana | Abanya-Yoruba (Nijeriya) | |- | Lucha canaria | Guhangana | Guanches na Kanari (Ibirwa bya Kanari, Esipanye) | <ref name=":0" /> |- | Dambe | Guhangana | Abanya-Hausa (Nijeriya) | <ref name=":0" /> |- | [[Asafo atwele]] | Ubuhanzi bwo kurwana | Abaturage ba Ga (Gana) | <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dunzendorfer |first=Jan |date=2014-07-24 |title=Ethnicized boxing: the tale of Ghana's boxing roots in local martial art |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/17430437.2013.838350 |journal=Sport in Society |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=1015–1029 |doi=10.1080/17430437.2013.838350 |issn=1743-0437 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |- | Pilolo | Umukino w'abana | [[Gana]] | <ref>{{Cite web |title=From Ampe to Pilolo: The games that brought our Ghanaian childhood to life |url=https://ghanaremembers.com/stories/history/from-ampe-to-pilolo-the-games-that-brought-our-ghanaian-childhood-to-life.html |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=GhanaRemembers |language=en}}</ref> |- | Imikino yo gusiganwa muri Senegali | Guhangana | [[Senegali]] | <ref name="Senegal: Wrestling with Reality">{{Cite web |title=Senegal: Wrestling with Reality |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeraworld/2019/07/senegal-wrestling-reality-190709123620407.html |access-date=2019-07-10 |via=Aljazeera World}}</ref> |} === Afurika yo Hagati === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | [[Bulundu (game)|Bulundu]] | Umukino w'umupira | Abaturage ba Luba (RDC) | <ref name=":2">{{Cite book |last=Reefe |first=Thomas Q. |date=2022-08-19 |title=The Rainbow and the Kings: A History of the Luba Empire to 1891 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jNZ9EAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23 |publisher=Univ of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-33490-8 |language=en}}</ref> : 26–29  |- |Kandeka | Ubuhanzi bwo kurwana | [[Angola]] | <ref>{{Cite book |last=Desch-Obi |first=M. Thomas J. |date=2008 |title=Fighting for Honor: The History of African Martial Art Traditions in the Atlantic World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HNYwa1VeLIIC |publisher=Univ of South Carolina Press |isbn=978-1-57003-718-4 |language=en}}</ref> : 30  |- |N'golo | Ubuhanzi bwo kurwana | [[Angola]] | |- | [[Kuli (game)|Kuli]] | Umukino w'umupira | Abaturage ba Tio (Repubulika ya Kongo) | <ref>{{Cite book |last=Vansina |first=Jan |date=1973 |title=The Tio kingdom of the Middle Congo, 1880-1892 |url=http://archive.org/details/tiokingdomofmidd0000vans |publisher=London, New York, Oxford University Press for the International African Institute |others=Internet Archive |isbn=978-0-19-724189-9 |chapter=The Economics of Subsistence: Domestic Life}}</ref> : 164  |} === Afurika y'Iburasirazuba === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Umuriro ku musozi | Umukino w'abana | [[Tanzaniya]] | <ref>{{Cite book |last=Aycox |first=Frank |date=1985 |title=Games We Should Play in School: A Revealing Analysis of the Social Forces in the Classroom and what to Do about Them : a Proven Social Skills Curriculum that Includes Over 75 Interactive, Fun Social Games |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lU3A-DTZu_EC |publisher=Front Row Experience |isbn=978-0-915256-16-7 |language=en}}</ref> |- | [[Gusimbuka]] | Gusimbuka cyane | [[Abatutsi]] (Rwanda n'Uburundi) | |- | Moraingy | Ubuhanzi bwo kurwana | [[Madagasikari]] | <ref name=":0" /> |- | Imikino yo kurwana ya Nuba | Guhangana | Abaturage ba Nuba (Sudani) | <ref name=":3">{{Cite web |title=African Games {{!}} Traditional African Games |url=https://african-volunteer.net/african_games.html |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=african-volunteer.net}}</ref> |- | [[Donga (game)|Donga]] | Kurwana n'inkoni | Abantu bo muri Surma (Etiyopiya) | <ref name=":3" /> |- | [[Kigumi]] | Kurwana n'inkoni | Abanyameru (Kenya) | <ref name=":4">{{Cite book |last=Wanderi |first=Mwangi |date=2011 |title=The Indigenous Games of the People of the Coastal Region of Kenya: A cultural and educational appraisal |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bXFpcJDip2EC |publisher=Organisation for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa |isbn=978-99944-55-56-0}}</ref> : 16  |- |Istunka | Ubuhanzi bw'intambara mu birori | [[Somaliya]] | <ref name="Wwihd">{{Cite book |last=Wasaaradda Warfaafinta iyo Hanuuninta Dadweynaha |year=1974 |title=Somali Culture and Folklore |url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=A_FZUP-8CrGQ0QGtroGYAQ |publisher=Ministry of Information and National Guidance |pages=29–30}}</ref> |- | Savika | Zebu -gusiganwa | Abantu ba Betsileo (Madagascar) | <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Combeau-Mari |first=Evelyne |date=2011-08-01 |title=Traditional Fighting Practices: The Root and Expression of Malagasy Culture |url=https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2011.592749 |journal=The International Journal of the History of Sport |volume=28 |issue=12 |pages=1566–1585 |doi=10.1080/09523367.2011.592749 |issn=0952-3367 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> |} === Afurika y'Amajyepfo === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Gukubitana inkoni na Nguni | Kurwana n'inkoni | Abantu ba Nguni (Afurika y'Epfo) | <ref name="Nguni Stick Fighting’">{{Cite web |title=Nguni Stick Fighting |url=https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/nguni-stick-fighting |access-date=2025-03-22 |website=[[South African History Project|South African History Online]] {{!}} www.sahistory.org.za}}</ref> |- | [[Tshikanganga]] na [[Tshigombela]] | Imbyino z'ikipe | Abanya-Venda (Afurika y'Epfo) | <ref name="Baker 1987"/> : 14  |- |Musangwe | Gukubitana ibipfunsi | Abanya-Venda (Afurika y'Epfo) | <ref>{{Cite news |last=Wende |first=Hamilton |date=5 February 2011 |title=South African boxing that 'makes the heart strong' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/9387520.stm |access-date=2011-02-06 |work=[[BBC]]}}</ref> |- | Jukskei | | Abanya-Afrikaneri (Afurika y'Epfo) | |} == Imikino itari iyo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri == Mancala yakinwe kugabane wose, kandi ifite amazina n'uburyo butandukanye, ku buryo yitwa "umukino w'igihugu wa Afurika". <ref name=":4"/> : 17  === Afurika y'Amajyaruguru === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Impongo n'imbwebwe | | Misiri ya kera | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tatas |first=Markos |title=Hounds and Jackals - ancientgames.org |url=https://www.ancientgames.org/hounds-and-jackals.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |language=en |archive-date=2024-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241229102053/https://www.ancientgames.org/hounds-and-jackals.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tom Metcalfe |date=2018-12-10 |title=16 of the Most Interesting Ancient Board and Dice Games |url=https://www.livescience.com/64266-ancient-board-games.html |access-date=2024-12-18 |website=livescience.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | Felli | | [[Maroke]] | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Felli |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/137830/felli |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=BoardGameGeek |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Felli {{!}} Cyningstan |url=http://www.cyningstan.com/game/115/felli |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.cyningstan.com}}</ref> |- | Fetaix | | [[Maroke]] | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-13 |title=Wiki - manqala.org - Llibret /Alquerc |url=http://www.manqala.org/wiki/index.php/Llibret/Alquerc |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213235939/http://www.manqala.org/wiki/index.php/Llibret/Alquerc |archive-date=13 February 2012 |access-date=2024-12-18}}</ref> |- | Kharbaga | Umukino w'ingamba z'incamake | Afurika y'Amajyaruguru | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kharbaga |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/109797/kharbaga |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=BoardGameGeek |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kharbaga – Board Game Guys |url=https://boardgameguys.com/kharbaga/ |access-date=2025-08-22 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Mehen | Umukino w'ikibaho | Misiri ya kera | <ref>{{Cite book |last=Crist |first=Walter |year=2016 |title=Ancient Egyptians at Play: Board Games Across Borders |publisher=Bloomsbury |isbn=978-1-4742-2117-7 |location=London |pages=15–38 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> |- | Senet | Umukino w'ikibaho | Misiri ya kera | <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Crist |first=Walter |date=2019-06-01 |title=Passing from the Middle to the New Kingdom: A Senet Board in the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum |url=https://doi.org/10.1177/0307513319896288 |journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |language=EN |volume=105 |issue=1 |pages=107–113 |doi=10.1177/0307513319896288 |issn=0307-5133 |doi-access=free}}</ref> |- | Tab | Umukino wo kwiruka | Afurika y'Amajyaruguru | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Tâb |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/119436/tab |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=BoardGameGeek |language=en-US}}</ref> |} === Afurika y'Iburengerazuba === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Achi | Umukino w'ingamba z'incamake | [[Gana]] | <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to play - Achi |url=https://bead.game/games/traditional/achi |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=bead.game}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Achi |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/28931/achi |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=BoardGameGeek |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Choko | | Abantu b'Abamandinka n'Abafula (Gambia) | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-10-07 |title=Choko: A Traditional Gambian Board Game – Footsteps Eco-Lodge |url=https://footstepsinthegambia.com/news_all/choko-a-traditional-gambian-board-game/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=footstepsinthegambia.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to play - Choko |url=https://bead.game/games/traditional/choko |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=bead.game}}</ref> |- | Dara | | Abantu n'ibihugu bitandukanye muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Erica |date=2016-05-10 |title=Dara Game: Nigerian 3 in a Row with a Twist |url=https://www.whatdowedoallday.com/dara-game/ |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=What Do We Do All Day |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dara |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/34319/dara |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=BoardGameGeek |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Wali | Umukino w'ikibaho | Afurika y'Iburengerazuba | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Wali |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/66351/wali |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=BoardGameGeek |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | Yote | Umukino w'ikibaho | Afurika y'Iburengerazuba | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Games of Soldiers - YOTE |url=https://jpneto.github.io/world_abstract_games/yote.htm |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=jpneto.github.io}}</ref> |- | Zamma | Umukino w'ingamba z'incamake | [[Moritaniya|Mauritaniya]] | <ref>{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=R. C. |author-link=Robert Charles Bell |year=1983 |title=The Boardgame Book |url=https://archive.org/details/boardgamebook0000bell |publisher=Exeter Books |isbn=978-0-671-06030-5 |pages=148–49 |chapter=Zamma |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/boardgamebook0000bell/page/148/mode/2up |url-access=registration}}</ref> |} === Afurika yo Hagati === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Abbia | Umukino w'amahirwe | Abaturage ba Beti (Kameruni) | <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Quinn |first=Frederick |date=Summer 1971 |title=Abbia Stones |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3345877 |journal=African Arts |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=30–32 |doi=10.2307/3345877 |jstor=3345877 |url-access=subscription |access-date=10 April 2024}}</ref> |} === Afurika y'Iburasirazuba === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Fanorona | | [[Madagasikari]] | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Fanorona |url=https://boardgamegeek.com/boardgame/4386/fanorona |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=BoardGameGeek |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=How to play Fanorona {{!}} Official Rules {{!}} UltraBoardGames |url=https://www.ultraboardgames.com/fanorona/game-rules.php |access-date=2024-11-30 |website=www.ultraboardgames.com}}</ref> |- | [[Carambolla|Karambolla]] | Umukino w'amahirwe | [[Etiyopiya]] | <ref name=":5">{{Cite journal |last=Bitanihirwe |first=Byron K. Y. |last2=Adebisi |first2=Tunde |last3=Bunn |first3=Christopher |last4=Ssewanyana |first4=Derrick |last5=Darby |first5=Paul |last6=Kitchin |first6=Paul |date=2022 |title=Gambling in Sub-Saharan Africa: Traditional Forms and Emerging Technologies |journal=Current Addiction Reports |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=373–384 |doi=10.1007/s40429-022-00449-0 |issn=2196-2952 |pmc=9595076 |pmid=36312763}}</ref> |- | Makonn | Umukino w'ingamba z'incamake | [[Seyishele|Seychelles]] | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ludii Portal |url=https://ludii.games/details.php?keyword=Makonn |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=ludii.games}}</ref> |- | Shisima | Umukino w'ingamba z'incamake | [[Kenya]] | <ref>{{Cite web |last=OnlineSoloGames.com |title=Play Shisima (3-in-a-Row) Online |url=http://www.onlinesologames.com/shisima |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=Online Solo Games |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Shisima Strategy Game of Kenya Africa |url=https://newventuregames.com/products/shisima |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=NewVenture Games LLC |language=en}}</ref> |- | Turup | Umukino w'amakarita | [[Somaliya]] | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Arba'a Turup - card game rules |url=https://www.pagat.com/whist/arpaa_turup.html |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=www.pagat.com}}</ref> |} === Afurika y'Amajyepfo === {| class="wikitable" ! width="300" |Izina ! width="300" | Ubwoko ! width="300" | Itsinda (igihugu) ! Amasoko |- | Morabaraba | Umukino w'ingamba | [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] na [[Botswana]] | <ref name=":3"/> |- | [[Fahfee]] | Umukino w'amahirwe | [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] | <ref name=":5"/> |- | Tsoro yamatatu | Umukino w'ingamba z'incamake | [[Zimbabwe]] | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Board and Pieces - Tsoro Yematatu |url=https://sites.google.com/site/boardandpieces/list-of-games/tsoro-yematatu |access-date=2025-08-22 |website=sites.google.com |language=en-US}}</ref> |} == Reba kandi == * Siporo muri Afurika * Imikino gakondo ya Nijeriya * Imikino gakondo yo muri Afurika y'Epfo == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} kyadhtg2r6wvum2cwh8sq2wu5cmth2u 0 21891 139420 128857 2026-09-23T09:42:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139420 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ghana Badminton''' n'urwego rw'igihugu ruyobora badminton muri Ghana. Bashinzwe guhagararira, guhuza, kuyobora, kwamamaza no guteza imbere siporo kubufatanye bwa hafi n'inzego zifitanye isano. Ishyirahamwe rya Ghana Badminton ryibanda ku marushanwa yo mu nzego z'ibanze ndetse no guteza imbere Abanya-Ghana kugira ngo bajye mu marushanwa mu mikino Olempike, imikino ya Commonwealth, n'imikino Paralempike. Ishyirahamwe ry'igihugu ryashinzwe mu 1962, rikorana n'abaterankunga b'ibigo kugira ngo bategure ibirori mugace batuyemo no guteza imbere abakinnyi b'abahanga, abayobozi ba tekiniki, n'abatoza. Ishyirahamwe ry'Igihugu n'umunyamuryango washinze Ishyirahamwe ry'Umukino wa Badminton muri Afurika, rikaba n'umunyamuryangushamikiye ku Ishyirahamwe ry'Isi rya Badminton (BWF). Murwego rwoguteza imbere uyumukino, ritanga gahunda z'amashuri abanza, ayisumbuye, n'ayisumbuye, badminton y'inararibonye itangwa n'amashuri, amakipe y'abaturage n'ay'uturere, iterambere ry'ubutoza ku rwego rw'igihugu, n'ibikorwa by'ingenzi. == Ba Perezida == Kuva ryashingwa mu 1962, Ishyirahamwe rya Badminton ryo muri Ghana rimaze kugira abaperezida barindwi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Past Chairmen |url=https://www.ghanabadminton.org/ |access-date=29 April 2017 |website=Ghana Badminton |publisher=Ghana Badminton}}</ref> * Liyetona Koloneli Kumi * Bwana Akainyah, Esq * Bwana FM Dickson * Bwana Charles K. Darko * Bwana Paul Kodjokuma * Bwana Nestor Percy Galley * [[Evans Yeboah|Yeboah Evans]] == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}}{{National Members of the Badminton World Federation}}{{Sports governing bodies in Ghana}} 5m2xfbtfl44i00zfc09mmxzoc6pwk80 0 21894 139227 128861 2026-09-23T07:25:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139227 wikitext text/x-wiki Urutonde rw'ibibuga '''by'imikino''' mur''''Afurika''' rukurikira. Biteguwe hakurikijwe ubushobozi bwabyo, ni ukuvuga umubare ntarengwa w'abareba sitade ishobora kwakira. Ibibuga byinshi binini muri Afurika bikoreshwa mu [[Umupira w’amaguru|mupira w'amaguru (umupira w'amaguru)]], bimwe binakoreshwa mu mikino ngororamubiri na rugby. Ibibuga byo mur' Afurika bifitubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu 30.000 cyangwa barenga birimo. Soccer City i Johannesburg ubu niyo sitade nini muri Afurika kuva aho ubushobozi bwayo bwongerewe bukagera ku bantu 94.700 mu gikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cyo mu 2010. Iki gikorwa, cyabaye muri Kamena-Nyakanga, nibwo bwambere igihugu cy'Afurika cyakiriye igikombe cy'isi. Imikino Olempike ntiyigeze ibera mur'Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Top 30 Largest Stadiums in Africa |url=https://www.johnfyucha.com/2023/03/largest-stadiums-in-africa.html |access-date=2023-03-24 |website=JF Football |language=en-gb}}</ref> == Sitade zigezweho == == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa sitade zo muri Aziya ukurikije ubushobozi bwazo * Urutonde rw'ibibuga by'i Burayi hakurikijwe ubushobozi bw'abantu * Urutonde rw'ibibuga bya sitade byo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru ukurikije ubushobozi bwabyo * Urutonde rw'ibibuga bya Oseya ukurikije ubushobozi bwabyo * Urutonde rw'ibibuga bya sitade byo muri Amerika y'Epfo ukurikije ubushobozi bwabyo * Urutonde rw'ibibuga by'umupira w'amaguru by'ishyirahamwe ry'ibihugu * Urutonde rwa sitade * Urutonde rw'ibibuga by'imikino bizaza * Siporo muri Afurika == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} * [http://stadiumdb.com/ SitadeDB] {{List of football stadiums in Africa}}{{Association football stadiums}} l70ocgrxumxchyvh3dbnmzhnkzw4vg1 0 21897 139347 128901 2026-09-23T07:50:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139347 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ikipe ya Nigeria yitwa bobsled''' cyangwa '''ikipe ya Nigeria yitwa bobsleigh''', ihagarariye [[Nijeriya|Nigeria]] mumukino wa bobsled. Ikipeyambere yashinzwe mu 2016 na Seun Adigun, nk'ikipe y'abagore mu irushanwa ry'abagore 2. Mu 2017, bujuje ibisabwa kugira ngobabe Abanya-Nigeria bambere mu mikino Olempike y'itumba, ndetse n'Abanyafurika bambere mumukino wa bobsled mumikino Olempike y'itumba. <ref name="NYT-2018-03-06">{{Cite news |last=Jaime Lowe |date=6 March 2018 |title=The First African Team to Compete in Bobsled |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/01/31/magazine/winter-olympics-bobsled-nigerian-seun-adigun.html |work=New York Times}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Seun_Adigun_in_2022.png|thumb|Seun Adigun, washinze ikipe]] Ikipeyambere y'igihugu yashinzwe mu 2016 na Seun Adigun, mu irushanwa rya bobsleigh y'abagore babiri. Iyi kipe yiyishyuriraga amafaranga gusa, ntankunga y'amafaranga iturutse ku bayobozi ba Nijeriya. Gukusanya amafaranga yo kuyobora iyi kipe byagaragarije guverinoma ya Nijeriya ko ikeneye gushyiraho ishyirahamwe riyobora bobsled, kandi barabikoze, [[Bobsled & Skeleton Federation of Nigeria]] (BSFN). Igerageza rya mbere ry'iyi kipe ryo kwemererwa kwitabira imikino Olempike y'itumba, ryari mu 2017, mu mikino Olempike y'itumba ya 2018 muri bobsledding, irushanwa ry'abagore babiri. Ikipe Olempike ya 2018 yari igizwe n'umushoferi Seun Adigun, n'abakoresha feri Ngozi Onwumere na Akuoma Omeoga. Mu Gushyingo 2017, iyi kipe yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo yifatanye mumikino Olempike. Iyokipe yujuje ibisabwa, ibibizaba arubwa mbere Nijeriya igaragaye mu mikino Olempike y'itumba; n'ikipe ya mbere y'Abanyafurika muri bobsled. Iyikipe yujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo yifatanye mu mikino Olempike, ikaba ari yo ihagarariye iyi kipe mu mikino Olempike y'itumba. Nijeriya yabaye kimwe mu bihugu umunani bya Afurika bizahagararirwa mu mikino Olempike y'itumba ya 2018. <ref name="ABCau-2017-11-17">{{Cite news |date=17 November 2017 |title=Nigerian bobsled team will be country's first-ever Winter Olympics representatives |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-11-17/nigerias-bobsled-team-off-to-winter-olympics/9163162 |publisher=ABC News (Australia)}}</ref> <ref name="CBC-2017-11-17">{{Cite news |last=Wendy-Anne Clarke |date=17 November 2017 |title=Nigerian women's bobsleigh team hope to make history in Pyeongchang |url=http://www.cbc.ca/sports/olympics/winter/bobsleigh/nigerian-womens-bobsled-team-olympics-1.4405884 |publisher=CBC News}}</ref> <ref name="WashPost-2017-11-17">{{Cite news |last=Marissa Payne |date=17 November 2017 |title=Nigerian women become first African bobsled team to qualify for Olympics |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2017/11/17/nigerian-women-become-first-african-bobsled-team-to-qualify-for-olympics/?tid=sm_tw |work=Washington Post}}</ref> <ref name="NPR-2018-02-20">{{Cite news |last=Linus Unah |author-link=Linus Unah |date=20 February 2018 |title=So How Excited Is Nigeria About Its History-Making Women's Bobsled Team? |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/02/20/587252058/so-how-excited-is-nigeria-about-its-history-making-womens-bobsled-team |publisher=NPR}}</ref> Onwumere yari yitwaje ibendera rya Nijeriya mu muhango wo gufungura imikino Olempike y'itumba ya 2018 Parade of Nations, maze agendana na bagenzi be babiri, hamwe na mugenzi we Simidele Adeagbo wo muri Nijeriya, waje mu cyiciro cy'abagore. <ref name="Time-2018-02-10">{{Cite news |last=Jennifer Calfas |date=10 February 2018 |title=Nigeria's First-Ever Bobsled Team Has Arrived at the Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony and People Are Really Excited |url=https://time.com/5142773/nigerian-bobsled-team-opening-ceremony-winter-olympics-2018/ |publisher=Time Magazine |archive-date=11 February 2018 |access-date=2 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180211001035/http://time.com/5142773/nigerian-bobsled-team-opening-ceremony-winter-olympics-2018/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ikipe yarangije kumwanya wanyuma mumakipe 20 yahatanye. <ref name="HoustonChronicle-2018-03-22">{{Cite news |last=Melanie Hauser |date=22 March 2018 |title=As one journey ends, another begins for Nigerian bobsledders |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/sports/texas-sports-nation/article/As-one-journey-ends-another-begins-for-Nigerian-12773995.php |publisher=Houston Chronicle}}</ref> Nyuma y'imikino, amakipe atatu yari mu ikipe yasezeye muri bobsled, ariko yiyemeje guteza imbere siporo muri Nijeriya, guteza imbere ishyirahamwe ry'imikino muri Nijeriya, no guteza imbere imikino y'itumba n'imikino Olempike y'itumba mur'Afurika. <ref name="HoustonChronicle-2018-03-22" /> Ikipe yageze muri Nijeriya kwizihiza uburambe bwayo mumikino Olempike muri Werurwe 2018, yateguwe n'itsinda rya BSFN rishinzwe kwamamaza, Temple Management Company (TMC), itangiriye kukibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Murtala Mohammed (MMIA) Ikeja Lagos. <ref name="BellaNaija-2018-03-03">{{Cite news |date=3 March 2018 |title=Nigeria's Bobsled Team arrives from South Korea |url=https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/03/nigerias-bobsled-team-arrives-south-korea/ |publisher=Bella Naija}}</ref> == Ibikoresho == * ''Maeflower 1'', icyumacyogutoza cyubatswe mu giti, cyitiriwe Amezee Adigun ( a.k.a. "Mae-Mae"), mushiki wa Suen Adigun wapfuye. <ref name="WashPost-2018-02-20">{{Cite news |last=Jerry Brewer |date=20 February 2018 |title=If you want to celebrate Olympic diversity, women's bobsled is a good place to be |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/olympics/if-you-want-to-celebrate-olympic-diversity-womens-bobsled-is-a-good-place-to-be/2018/02/20/e2bfa3f2-1603-11e8-b681-2d4d462a1921_story.html |work=Washington Post}}</ref> * ''Maeflower 2'', umupirawambere w’ikipe wogusiganwa kumagare, wabaherekeje mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2018. <ref name="WashPost-2018-02-20" />  {| class="wikitable" !Igikorwa ! Irushanwa ! Ikipe ya Sled ! Abashoferi ! Farike (feri) ! Umusunika (abasunika) ! Igitambaro cy'urushundura ! Inyandiko |- | 2018 Winter Olympics | 2-women | Nigeria 1 | Seun Adigun | | | Maeflower 2 | Ikipe yarangije iri ku mwanya wa 20 mu makipe 20, inyuma gato y'ikipe y'abagore ya Jamayika. |- |} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|group=NB}} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Gusoma byinshi == * {{Cite news |last=Victor Mather |date=17 November 2017 |title=Nigeria Has an Olympic-Level Bobsled Team, and Tonga Had a Luger |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/17/sports/olympics/nigeria-has-an-olympic-bobsled-team-and-tonga-had-a-luger.html |work=New York Times}} *   * {{Cite news |last=Segun Odegbami |date=3 March 2018 |title=Nigerian heroes of the Winter Olympics |url=https://guardian.ng/sport/nigerian-heroes-of-the-winter-olympics/ |publisher=The Guardian &ndash; Nigeria}} == Amasano yo hanze == * Ishyirahamwe rya Bobsled & Skeleton muri Nijeriya: https://bsfnigeria.com/ == Reba kandi == * Ibihugu byo mu turere dushyuha mu mikino Olempike y'itumba * Ikipe ya bobsled yo muri Jamayika 9cjaxtk7t4fgglrkrphyxa8i1vteo5x 0 21904 139512 128878 2026-09-23T10:00:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139512 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox international hockey competition|tourney_name=IIHF U18 World Championship<br>Division III|year=2019|other_titles=|image=|size=|caption=|country=Bulgaria|country2=South Africa|dates=25–31 March 2019<br>9–12 April 2019|num_teams=10|venues=2|cities=2|prevseason=[[2018 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III|2018]]|nextseason=[[2022 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III|2022]]}}'''Shampiyona y'Isi ya IIHF U18 yomucyiciro cyagatatu cya 2019''' yaramarushanwa abiri mpuzamahanga ya hockey kurubura y’abari munsi y’imyaka 18 yateguwe n'Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga rya Hockey ku Rubura. Amarushanwa yomucyiciro cyagatatu cya A n'icya gatatu cya B ahagarariye icyiciro cya gatandatu n'icya karindwi cya Shampiyona y'Isi ya IIHF U18 . == Icyiciro cya gatatu A == {{Infobox international hockey competition|tourney_name=IIHF U18 World Championship Division III A|year=2019|country=Bulgaria|dates=25–31 March|image=2019 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III A logo.svg|size=130px|num_teams=6|venues=1|cities=1|games=15|goals=96|attendance=6206|scoring_leader={{flagicon|ISL}} [[Axel Orongan]]|points=16|website=[https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2019/wm18iiia Website]}}Irushanwa rya Division III A ryabereye i [[Sofiya|Sofia]] muri Bulugariya, kuva kuya 25 kugeza ku ya 31 Werurwe 2019. Mugihe cy'irushanwa, Iceland yahawe umwanya wakabiri; icyakora, barangije basangira umudari na Turukiya. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tchechankov |first=Ivan |date=April 1, 2019 |title=Historic gold for Bulgaria U18 |url=https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2019/wm18iiia/news/9718/historic-gold-for-bulgaria-u18 |access-date=June 16, 2024 |website=IIHF.com |publisher=IIHF}}</ref> === Abitabiriye === {| class="wikitable" !Ikipe ! Impamyabushobozi |- | Isilande | Yaje ku mwanya wa 6 mu cyiciro cya kabiri cya B maze imanuka. |- | Megizike | Yaje ku mwanya wa 2 mu cyiciro cya gatatu A umwaka ushize. |- | Bulugariya | '''Uwakiriye iyi kipe''', yabaye uwa gatatu mu cyiciro cya gatatu A umwaka ushize. |- | Isirayeli | Yaje ku mwanya wa 4 mu cyiciro cya gatatu A umwaka ushize. |- | Turukiya | Yaje ku mwanya wa 5 mu cyiciro cya gatatu A umwaka ushize. |- | Nouvelle-Zélande | Yaje ku mwanya wa mbere mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya B umwaka ushize. |} === Abayobozi b'umukino === Abasifuzi 4 n'abashinzwe imikino 7 batoranijwe mu irushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=19 March 2019 |title=IIHF Ice hockey U18 World Championship Div III Group A – Competition officials |url=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720000_35B_3_0.pdf |access-date=22 March 2019 |publisher=[[International Ice Hockey Federation|IIHF]]}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !Abasifuzi ! Abashinzwe umurongo |- | * Bartosz Kaczmarek * Andreis Kudrjasovs * Yong Chun Lim * Alexei Roshchyn | style="width:32em" | |} === Urutonde rw'ibihe === <section begin=Division III A/>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WL OT |update=complete |source=[https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720200_76_15_1.pdf IIHF] |team1=BUL |team2=ISR |team3=ISL |team4=TUR |team5=MEX |team6=NZL |win_BUL=4 |OTwin_BUL=1 |OTloss_BUL=0 |loss_BUL=0 |gf_BUL=21|ga_BUL=11|status_BUL=H |win_ISR=2 |OTwin_ISR=1 |OTloss_ISR=1 |loss_ISR=1 |gf_ISR=17|ga_ISR=13 |win_ISL=3 |OTwin_ISL=0 |OTloss_ISL=0 |loss_ISL=2 |gf_ISL=23|ga_ISL=16 |win_TUR=3 |OTwin_TUR=0 |OTloss_TUR=0 |loss_TUR=2 |gf_TUR=14|ga_TUR=13 |win_MEX=0 |OTwin_MEX=1 |OTloss_MEX=0 |loss_MEX=4 |gf_MEX=8 |ga_MEX=20 |win_NZL=0 |OTwin_NZL=0 |OTloss_NZL=2 |loss_NZL=3 |gf_NZL=13|ga_NZL=23 |hth_ISR=In head-to-head all three have 3 points, in head-to-head goal differential Israel is +1, Iceland +1, and Turkey –2. Israel defeated Iceland 4–2. |hth_ISL=ISR |hth_TUR=ISR |hth_MEX=Mexico 5–4 (GWS) New Zealand |hth_NZL=MEX |name_ISL={{ih18|ISL}} |name_MEX={{ih18|MEX}} |name_BUL={{ih18|BUL}} |name_ISR={{ih18|ISR}} |name_TUR={{ih18|TUR}} |name_NZL={{ih18|NZL}} |result1=PR |result6=REL |res_col_header=PR |col_PR=green1 |text_PR=Promoted to the [[2022 IIHF World U18 Championship Division II|2022 Division II B]] |col_REL=red1 |text_REL=Relegated to the [[2022 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III|2022 Division III B]] }}<section end="Division" iii="" a="" /> === Ibisubizo === ''Ibihe byose ni ibyo mu gace utuyemo ( UTC+2 ).''{{Ice hockey box|date=25 March 2019|time=14:00|team1={{ih18-rt|MEX}}|team2='''{{ih18|TUR}}'''|score=0–4|periods=(0–3, 0–0, 0–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=120|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720901_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=10|penalties2=2|shots1=25|shots2=21}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=25 March 2019|time=16:30|team1={{ih18-rt|NZL}}|team2='''{{ih18|ISR}}'''|score=3–4 {{small|[[Overtime (ice hockey)|OT]]}}|periods=(1–1, 2–2, 0–0)<br>[[Overtime (ice hockey)|OT:]] (0–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=139|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720902_74_6_0.pdf|penalties1=12|penalties2=14|shots1=31|shots2=23}}{{Ice hockey box|date=25 March 2019|time=20:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|BUL}}'''|team2={{ih18|ISL}}|score=7–5|periods=(2–1, 4–3, 1–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=860|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720903_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=14|penalties2=18|shots1=29|shots2=22}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=26 March 2019|time=13:00|team1={{ih18-rt|ISL}}|team2='''{{ih18|ISR}}'''|score=2–4|periods=(1–0, 1–2, 0–2)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=125|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720904_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=24|penalties2=12|shots1=43|shots2=23}}{{Ice hockey box|date=26 March 2019|time=16:30|team1='''{{ih18-rt|TUR}}'''|team2={{ih18|NZL}}|score=3–2|periods=(0–0, 2–1, 1–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=135|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720905_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=4|penalties2=2|shots1=32|shots2=29}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=26 March 2019|time=20:00|team1={{ih18-rt|MEX}}|team2='''{{ih18|BUL}}'''|score=1–2|periods=(1–1, 0–1, 0–0)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=580|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720906_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=22|penalties2=10|shots1=22|shots2=30}}{{Ice hockey box|date=28 March 2019|time=13:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|MEX}}'''|team2={{ih18|NZL}}|score=5–4 {{small|[[Overtime (ice hockey)#Shootout|GWS]]}}|periods=(1–2, 2–1, 1–1)<br>[[Overtime (ice hockey)|OT]]: (0–0)<br>[[Overtime (ice hockey)#Shootout|SO]]: (1–0)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|soshots1=|soshots2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=112|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720907_74_4_0.pdf|penalties1=8|penalties2=10|shots1=29|shots2=23}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=28 March 2019|time=16:30|team1='''{{ih18-rt|ISL}}'''|team2={{ih18|TUR}}|score=5–2|periods=(1–1, 0–1, 0–0)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=130|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720908_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=16|penalties2=22|shots1=35|shots2=27}}{{Ice hockey box|date=28 March 2019|time=20:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|BUL}}'''|team2={{ih18|ISR}}|score=3–2 {{small|[[Overtime (ice hockey)|OT]]}}|periods=(0–0, 1–2, 1–0)<br>[[Overtime (ice hockey)|OT]]: (1–0)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=650|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720909_74_4_0.pdf|penalties1=16|penalties2=10|shots1=40|shots2=15}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=29 March 2019|time=13:00|team1={{ih18-rt|NZL}}|team2='''{{ih18|ISL}}'''|score=3–6|periods=(1–0, 0–5, 2–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=110|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720910_74_4_0.pdf|penalties1=12|penalties2=22|shots1=18|shots2=37}}{{Ice hockey box|date=29 March 2019|time=16:30|team1='''{{ih18-rt|ISR}}'''|team2={{ih18|MEX}}|score=5–2|periods=(1–0, 2–1, 2–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=125|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720911_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=8|penalties2=38|shots1=24|shots2=17}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=29 March 2019|time=20:00|team1={{ih18-rt|TUR}}|team2='''{{ih18|BUL}}'''|score=2–4|periods=(0–1, 1–0, 1–3)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=1,360|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720912_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=6|penalties2=8|shots1=31|shots2=27}}{{Ice hockey box|date=31 March 2019|time=13:00|team1={{ih18-rt|ISR}}|team2='''{{ih18|TUR}}'''|score=2–3|periods=(1–1, 0–1, 1–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=120|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720913_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=33|penalties2=6|shots1=23|shots2=40}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=31 March 2019|time=16:30|team1='''{{ih18-rt|BUL}}'''|team2={{ih18|NZL}}|score=5–1|periods=(2–0, 1–0, 2–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=1,400|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720914_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=18|penalties2=12|shots1=22|shots2=21}}{{Ice hockey box|date=31 March 2019|time=20:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|ISL}}'''|team2={{ih18|MEX}}|score=5–0|periods=(0–0, 2–0, 3–0)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=[[Winter Sports Palace]], [[Sofia]]|attendance=240|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720915_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=4|penalties2=10|shots1=36|shots2=18}} === Ibihembo === ; Abakinnyi beza batoranyijwe n'Ubuyobozi * Goaltender: [[Artem Loginov (ice hockey)|Artem Loginov]] * Defenceman: [[Nino Tomov]] * Forward: [[İsmet Gökçen]] <small>Inkomoko: [https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/720/IHM720000_85I_1_0.pdf IIHF]</small>{{Infobox international hockey competition|tourney_name=IIHF U18 World Championship Division III B|year=2019|country=South Africa|dates=9–12 April|image=2019 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III B logo.svg|size=130px|num_teams=4|venues=1|cities=1|games=6|goals=54|attendance=740|scoring_leader={{flagicon|TPE}} [[Chou Hung-li]]|points=9|website=[https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2019/wm18iiib Website]}}Irushanwa rya Division III B ryabereye i Cape Town, muri Afurika y'Epfo, kuva ku ya 9 kugeza ku ya 12 Mata 2019. === Abitabiriye === {| class="wikitable" !Ikipe ! Impamyabushobozi |- | Tayipe y'Abashinwa | Yaje ku mwanya wa 6 mu cyiciro cya gatatu A maze imanuka. |- | Hong Kong | Yaje ku mwanya wa 2 mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya B umwaka ushize. |- | Afurika y'Epfo | '''Uwakiriye iyi kipe''', yabaye uwa gatatu mu cyiciro cya gatatu cya B umwaka ushize. |- | Luxembourg | Ku nshuro ya mbere nitabiriye irushanwa. |} {| class="wikitable" width="600px" !Abasifuzi ! Abashinzwe umurongo |- | * Viktor Birin * Lee Joo-hyun * Niclas Lundsgaard | * Jonathan Burger * Adam Harris * Niko Jusi * Frank Radue |} === Urutonde rw'ibihe === <section begin=Division III B/>{{#invoke:Sports table|main|style=WL OT |update=complete |source=[https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/721/IHM721200_76_6_0.pdf IIHF] |team1=TPE |team2=HKG |team3=RSA |team4=LUX |win_TPE=3 |OTwin_TPE=0 |OTloss_TPE=0 |loss_TPE=0 |gf_TPE=22|ga_TPE=5 |win_HKG=2 |OTwin_HKG=0 |OTloss_HKG=0 |loss_HKG=1 |gf_HKG=11|ga_HKG=15 |win_RSA=0 |OTwin_RSA=1 |OTloss_RSA=0 |loss_RSA=2 |gf_RSA=13|ga_RSA=15|status_RSA=H |win_LUX=0 |OTwin_LUX=0 |OTloss_LUX=1 |loss_LUX=2 |gf_LUX=8 |ga_LUX=19 |name_HKG={{ih18|HKG}} |name_LUX={{ih18|LUX}} |name_RSA={{ih18|RSA}} |name_TPE={{ih18|TPE}} |result1=PR |res_col_header=P |col_PR=green1 |text_PR=Promoted to the [[2022 IIHF World U18 Championship Division III|2022 Division III A]] }}{{Ice hockey box|date=9 April 2019|time=14:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|HKG}}'''|team2={{ih18|LUX}}|score=4–1|periods=(0–0, 1–1, 3–0)|progression=1–0 / 1–1 / 2–1 / 3–1 / 4–1|goalie1=[[Julian Mak]]|goalie2=[[Hugo Ansay]]|goals1=[[Ryan Chu|Chu]] ([[Moses Chang|Chang]], [[Michael Shum|Shum]]) (PP) – 30:59 / Chu (Shum) – 43:37 / [[Yam Yi|Yam]] (Shum) (PP) – 48:14 / Chu ([[Trevor Ho|T. Ho]]) – 52:34|goals2=39:19 – [[David Church|Church]] ([[Niklas Meijer|Meijer]])|stadium=Cape Town Ice Station, [[Cape Town]]|attendance=60|official={{flagicon|RUS}} Viktor Birin|linesman={{flagicon|RSA}} Jonathan Burger|linesman2={{flagicon|RSA}} Frank Radue|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/721/IHM721901_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=6|penalties2=12|shots1=41|shots2=19}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=9 April 2019|time=19:00|team1={{ih18-rt|RSA}}|team2='''{{ih18|TPE}}'''|score=2–4|periods=(1–1, 0–3, 1–0)|progression=0–1 / 1–1 / 1–2 / 1–3 / 1–4 / 2–4|goalie1=[[Matthew Cleinwerck]]|goalie2=[[Hsaio Po-yu]]|goals1=[[Reinhard Venter|R. Venter]] (EA) – 12:50 / R. Venter ([[Luca Meyer|Meyer]]) (PP) – 54:28|goals2=05:00 – [[Hsu Yi-hsiang|Hsu]] ([[Chou Hung-li|Chou]], [[Peng Huan-hsuan|Peng]]) / 28:02 – Chou ([[Wang Wei-kai|Wang W.]], Hsu) (PP) / 30:14 – Wang W. (Chou) (PP) / 35:35 – [[Chuang Ho-yun|Chuang]] ([[Wu Yu-chen|Wu]])|stadium=Cape Town Ice Station, [[Cape Town]]|attendance=250|official={{flagicon|KOR}} Lee Joo-hyun|linesman={{flagicon|CAN}} Adam Harris|linesman2={{flagicon|FIN}} Niko Jusi|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/721/IHM721902_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=16|penalties2=12|shots1=30|shots2=18}}{{Ice hockey box|date=10 April 2019|time=14:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|TPE}}'''|team2={{ih18|LUX}}|score=9–2|periods=(2–1, 4–1, 3–0)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=Cape Town Ice Station, [[Cape Town]]|attendance=50|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/721/IHM721903_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=6|penalties2=10|shots1=38|shots2=22}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=10 April 2019|time=18:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|HKG}}'''|team2={{ih18|RSA}}|score=6–5|periods=(1–0, 3–2, 2–3)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=Cape Town Ice Station, [[Cape Town]]|attendance=166|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/721/IHM721904_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=12|penalties2=31|shots1=30|shots2=28}}{{Ice hockey box|date=12 April 2019|time=14:00|team1='''{{ih18-rt|TPE}}'''|team2={{ih18|HKG}}|score=9–1|periods=(4–0, 1–0, 4–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|stadium=Cape Town Ice Station, [[Cape Town]]|attendance=75|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/721/IHM721905_74_3_0.pdf|penalties1=12|penalties2=74|shots1=34|shots2=14}}{{Ice hockey box|bg=#eeffff|date=12 April 2019|time=18:00|team1={{ih18-rt|LUX}}|team2='''{{ih18|RSA}}'''|score=5–6 {{small|[[Overtime (ice hockey)#Shootout|GWS]]}}|periods=(1–2, 1–1, 3–2)<br>[[Overtime (ice hockey)|OT]]: (0–0)<br>[[Overtime (ice hockey)#Shootout|SO]]: (0–1)|progression=|goalie1=|goalie2=|goals1=|goals2=|soshots1=|soshots2=|stadium=Cape Town Ice Station, [[Cape Town]]|attendance=139|official=|linesman=|linesman2=|reference=https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/721/IHM721906_74_5_0.pdf|penalties1=16|penalties2=8|shots1=23|shots2=30}} === Ibihembo === ; Abakinnyi beza batoranyijwe n'Ubuyobozi * Umunyezamu: [[Hsiao Po-Yu]] * Umusirikare: [[David Church|Itorero rya Dawidi]] * Imbere: [[Ryan Chu]] == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}}{{IIHF World U18 Championships}}{{2018–19 in men's ice hockey}} 4qin1ppi0pfs44fife6n12ums6rf6so 0 21985 139439 129117 2026-09-23T09:44:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139439 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cathedrale_Fatima_Ruhengeri.jpg|thumb|384x384px|Katedrali yitiriwe Fatima mu Ruhengeri]] [[Dosiye:Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady.jpg|thumb|308x308px|Basilika ya Bikira Mariya i Kabgayi, mu Rwanda]] [[Ubukirisitu]] niryo '''dini rifite Abayoboke benshi mu Rwanda''', aho [[:en:Protestantism|Abaporoso]] [[:en:Catholic_Church|ndetse n'Abagatolika]] ariyo madini yiganjemo abayoboke mesnhi. Abaturage bo mu Rwanda bagera kuri 3% bavuga ko nta dini basengeramo, mu gihe abandi 3% bayobotse andi madini harimo [[:en:African_traditional_religions|n'amadini gakondo]]. Abaturage bagera kuri 2% ni [[Islamu mu Rwanda|Abayisilamu]] (cyane cyane [[:en:Sunni_Islam|Abasuni]] ). <ref name="i933">{{Cite web |date=2023-12-07 |title=Rwanda |url=https://www.state.gov/reports/2022-report-on-international-religious-freedom/rwanda/ |access-date=2024-05-13 |website=United States Department of State}}</ref> Hariho kandi umubare muto w’aba Baha'i, ndetse n’abandi bagendera ku myemerere iciriritse ya Gakondo. Kuva [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ibaye, habayeho kwiyongera kw’amatsinda mato y’amadini akenshi afitanye isano n’abakristo. Hari imiryango mito [[Umuhindo|y’Abahindu]] [[Budisime|n’Ababuda]], igizwe ahanini n’abayoboke b’abanyamahanga, cyane cyane abacuruzi bakomoka [[Ubushinwa|mu Bushinwa]] no [[Ubuhinde|mu Buhinde]] ndetse n’abarimu ba kaminuza n’abanyeshuri. ntayandi madini akunze kuza mu Rwanda, nubwo hari Ingoro y’Abahindu mu Rwanda aho abantu bajya basengera. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Adekunle |first=Julius |date=2007 |title=Culture and Customs of Rwanda |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=g0FC40EQujwC&q=Hinduism+in+Rwanda&pg=PA40 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780313331770 |pages=40 |language=en}}</ref> phzrzzjzc7s0qpwd4ddzctyhes3ieij 0 22028 139471 134482 2026-09-23T09:49:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sitade ya Abubarkar Tafawa Balewa''' ni sitade ikoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi i Bauchi, muri Nijeriya. Ubikoreshwa cyane cyane mumikino [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] kandi nisitade y'abakerarugendo ba Wikki. Iyisitade ifitubushobozi bwokwakira abantu 11.000 kandiyafunguwe mu 1985 yitiriwe Minisitiri w'Intebe wambere wa Nijeriya, Tafawa Balewa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Abubakar Tafewa Balewa Stadium |url=https://www.glimpse.ng/abubakar-tafawa-balewa-stadium-bauchi/ |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=glimpse.ng |archive-date=2 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202230520/https://www.glimpse.ng/abubakar-tafawa-balewa-stadium-bauchi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bauchi Awards N140m Contact For Renovation Of ATB Stadium |url=https://theeagleonline.com.ng/bauchi-awards-n140m-contact-for-renovation-of-atb-stadium/ |access-date=19 January 2017 |publisher=theeagleonline.com}}</ref> Sitade ya Abubarkar Tafawa Balewa yarimwemumbuga 8 zakoreshejwe mumikino y'igikombe cy'isi cya FIFA cy'abatarengeje imyaka 17 cyabereye muri Nijeriya mu 2009, yakiriyimikino 3. <ref>{{Cite web |last=FIFA.com |title=FIFA U-17 World Cup 2009 - Swiss take their place in history |url=https://www.fifa.com/u17worldcup/archive/nigeria2009/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019023838/https://www.fifa.com/u17worldcup/archive/nigeria2009/ |archive-date=October 19, 2019 |access-date=2020-12-18 |website=www.fifa.com |language=en-GB}}</ref> Umukino wambere wabereye mwirushanwa ryahuje Nijeriya na Argentine mu matsinda wagaragaje kwabantu 11,467 bitabiriye. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kriete |first=Horst |date=2009 |title=FIFA u-17 World Cup Nigeria 2009: Technical Report and Statistics |url=https://resources.fifa.com |url-status=dead |journal= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213021123/https://resources.fifa.com/ |archive-date=2019-02-13 |access-date=2022-06-19}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Abubakar_Tafawa_Balewa_Stadium_Bauchi_Building.jpg|thumb|Abubakar Tafawa Balewa Stade Bauchi Inyubako]] Ibintubidasanzwe kurisitade birimo ikibaho cy’amanota cyokurwego rw’isi cya FIFA, ecran ya LED n’amatara akoresha ingufu nke, televiziyo ifunze (CCTV) yokugenzura umutekano, hamwe n’ikigo cy’itangazamakuru kigezweho cyane. Ifite kandi pisine y’ubwoko bwa Olempike ifite inzira 10. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hotels.ng |title=Abubakar Tafewa Balewa Stadium |url=https://hotels.ng/places/sport-arena/607-abubakar-tafewa-balewa-stadium |access-date=2020-12-19 |website=Hotels.ng |language=en}}</ref> == Imikino igaragara == === Shampiyona y'Isi y'Urubyiruko ya FIFA yo mu 1999 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" !Itariki ! Ikipe ya 1 ! Ibisubizo ! Ikipe ya 2 ! Abitabiriye ! Izunguruka |- | Ku itariki ya 8 Mata 1999 | Ubuyapani | 3–1 | Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika | rowspan="3" | 9,000 | rowspan="3" | Itsinda E |- | rowspan="2" | 11 Mata 1999 | Kameruni | 1–3 | Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika |- | Ubuyapani | 2–0 | Ubwongereza |- | 15 Mata 1999 | Ubuyapani | 1–1 ( (5–4 p ) | Porutugali | 8,000 | Icyiciro cya 16 |} === Igikombe cy'Isi cya FIFA cy'Abatarengeje imyaka 17 cyo mu 2009 === {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left;" !Itariki ! Ikipe ya 1 ! Ibisubizo ! Ikipe ya 2 ! Abitabiriye ! Izenguruka |- | 30 Ukwakira 2009 | Arijantine | 1–2 | Nijeriya | 11,467 | Itsinda A |- | 5 Ugushyingo 2009 | Megizike | 1–1 ( (3–5 p ) | Koreya y'Epfo | 11,589 | Icyiciro cya 16 |- | 8 Ugushyingo 2009 | Kolombiya | 1–1 ( (5–3 p ) | Turukiya | 11.532 | Igice cya kane cy'irangiza |} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} thxsn6o6kaur5v4bwx872va5vadqi5d 0 22058 139228 135781 2026-09-23T07:25:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139228 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Sitade ya Potiskum''' ni sitade iri i Potiskum, [[Nijeriya|muri Nijeriya]], ikabikibuga cya Yobe Desert Stars FC yomuri shampiyona y'igihugu ya Nijeriya. Sitade ifitubushobozi bwokwakira abantu 2.000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Potiskum Stadium, home to Yobe Desert Stars - Football Ground Map |url=https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/potiskum-stadium/yobe-desert-stars |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.footballgroundmap.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Potiskum Stadium {{!}} • Stats |url=https://www.onlinebettingacademy.com/stats/venue/nigeria/potiskum-stadium/29401 |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=www.onlinebettingacademy.com |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Osewezina |first=Williams |date=2017-01-21 |title=Post-Insurgency: What It Means To Play Football Again In Postikum |url=https://www.channelstv.com/2017/01/21/post-insurgency-means-play-football-postikum/ |access-date=2025-02-07 |website=Channels Television |language=en}}</ref> == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} 6cu2km6780fjnitb27x0r9flu0tapy3 0 22067 139493 129910 2026-09-23T09:54:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139493 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox football club|clubname=Sunshine Queens FC.|image=File:Sunshine_Queens_logo.jpg|fullname=Sunshine Queens Football Club|nickname=The 'Owena Marmaids’|founded=2005|ground=[[Akure Township Stadium]]<br>[[Akure]], [[Nigeria]]|capacity=15,000|chrtitle=President|chairman=Akinsola Elvis Akinbobola|league=[[Nigerian Women Premier League]]|season=[[2014 Nigerian Women's Championship|2014]]|position=3rd|website=http://ondostatefootballagency.com/?tag=sunshine-queens-fc|pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=|leftarm2=FF0000|body2=FF0000|rightarm2=FF0000|shorts2=FF0000|socks2=FF0000|pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=|leftarm1=0000FF|body1=0000FF|rightarm1=0000FF|shorts1=0000FF|socks1=0000FF}}'''Sunshine Queens FC''' nikipe y'umupira w'amaguru y'abagore muri Nijeriya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sunshine Queens beat Rising Queens in friendly |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/4111/nigeria-premier-league/2015/03/24/10151902/sunshine-queens-beat-rising-queens-in-friendly |access-date=27 September 2016}}</ref> Bakina mucyiciro cya mbere cy'umupira w'amaguru w'abagore muri NWFL Premiership. Sitade yabo y'iwabo ni Akure Township Stadium. Iyikipe nimwe mumikino y'umupira w'amaguru ya Ondo State Football Agency. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shamsudeen |first=Tunde |title=Sunshine Queens Partners Foundation On War Against Sexual Gender Based Violence |url=https://buwanews.com/sunshine-queens-partners-foundation-on-war-against-sexual-gender-based-violence/ |access-date=2020-12-26 |archive-date=2020-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201221233140/https://buwanews.com/sunshine-queens-partners-foundation-on-war-against-sexual-gender-based-violence/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rivers Angels, Sunshine Queens reach Women Federation Cup final |url=http://www.goal.com/en-ng/news/5503/federation-cup/2014/08/02/5000061/rivers-angels-sunshine-queens-reach-women-federation-cup |access-date=27 September 2016 |publisher=goal.com}}</ref> Umutoza mukurubu ni Rafiu Oseni. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Adesanya |first=Taiwo |date=2024-05-02 |title=Sunshine Queens appoint Oseni as head coach |url=https://dailypost.ng/2024/05/02/sunshine-queens-appoint-oseni-as-head-coach/ |access-date=2025-01-27 |work=[[Daily Post (Nigeria)|Daily Post]] |location=Lagos, Nigeria |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amateka == Iyi kipe yashinzwe mu 2005. Yitwa ''Owena Mermaid,'' bigaragara koyaturutse kuruzi ruzwi cyane muri iyo leta. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-05-24 |title=The fascinating stories and history behind Nigeria Women's Premier League club's nicknames |url=http://sportscompass.com.ng/2019/05/23/the-fascinating-stories-and-history-behind-nigeria-womens-premier-league-clubs-nicknames/ |access-date=2019-05-25 |website=Sport Compass |archive-date=2019-05-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190525054847/http://sportscompass.com.ng/2019/05/23/the-fascinating-stories-and-history-behind-nigeria-womens-premier-league-clubs-nicknames/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ikipe iriho ubu == <small>''Squad list for 2022 season.''</small><br> {{Fs start}} {{Fs player|no=28|nat=NGA|pos=DF|name=[[Temilade Adepoju Racheal]]}} {{Fs player|no=44|nat=NGA|pos=FW|name=[[Aiyeniberun Opeyemi Sunkanmi]]}} {{Fs player|no=21|nat=NGA|pos=FW|name=[[Sunday Juliet Chinonso]]}} {{Fs player|no=10|nat=NGA|pos=MF|name=[[Aluko Yetunde Maria]]}} {{Fs player|no=37|nat=NGA|pos=DF|name=[[Sunday Opeyemi Aanu]]}} {{Fs player|no=27|nat=NGA|pos=FW|name=[[Omoh Oyathelemi Tina]]}} {{Fs player|no=9|nat=NGA|pos=FW|name=[[Gbadebo Oluwaseyi Janet]]}} {{Fs player|no=18|nat=NGA|pos=FW|name=[[Oyewusi Olusola Chioma]]}} {{Fs player|no=17|nat=NGA|pos=FW|name=[[Adekunle Adenike Lizzy]]}} {{Fs player|no=29|nat=NGA|pos=MF|name=[[Zirike Elizabeth Nkiruka]]}} {{Fs player|no=5|nat=NGA|pos=MF|name=[[Yakubu Aminat ]]}} {{Fs mid}} {{Fs player|no=33|nat=NGA|pos=DF|name=[[Aminu Adeola Wonsebolatan]]}} {{Fs player|no=30|nat=NGA|pos=DF|name=[[Ogunrinola Funsho Elizabeth]]}} {{Fs player|no=4|nat=NGA|pos=MF|name=[[Akinyinka Taiwo Faith]]}} {{Fs player|no=15|nat=NGA|pos=GK|name=[[Johnson Elizabeth]]}} {{Fs player|no=28|nat=NGA|pos=MF|name=[[Omosuyi Ayowumi Mama]]}} {{Fs player|no=6|nat=NGA|pos=DF|name=[[Alani Aminat Abiodun]]}} {{Fs player|no=32|nat=NGA|pos=GK|name=[[Okiemute Rita Obeni]]}} {{Fs player|no=12|nat=NGA|pos=MF|name=[[Aderemi Mary Shola]]}} {{Fs player|no=20|nat=NGA|pos=DF|name=[[Okoro Chidinma Miracle]]}} {{Fs player|no=16|nat=NGA|pos=GK|name=[[Oluchi Tochukwu]]}} {{Fs player|no=24|nat=NGA|pos=DF|name=[[Mac Fancy Regina Chikanma]]}} {{Fs player|no=14|nat=NGA|pos=MF|name=[[Akpan Glady Nnenenna]]}} {{Fs end}} == Abakozi == * Perezida wa Sunshine Queens FC: Akinsola Elvis Akinbobola * Visi Perezida wa Sunshine Queens FC : Lateef Fabunmi * Umuyobozi w'ishami rya tekiniki: Igikomangoma Moruf Adams * Umuyobozi w'itangazamakuru: Wahab Bankole * Umuyobozi w'ubuyobozi: Richard Aina * Umuyobozi ushinzwe kwamamaza: Ife Adewunmi * Umuyobozi wa Tekiniki: Paul Ashworth * Umuyobozi wungirije wa tekiniki: Henry Abiodun * Abashinzwe abakinnyi: Yussuf Aminu == Ibyubahiro == * Igikombe cy'abagore cya Nijeriya - igikombe cya 2015 <ref>{{Cite news |title=Federation Cup: Sunshine Queens emerge female champions |url=http://www.premiumtimesng.com/sports/football/193718-federation-cup-sunshine-queens-emerge-female-champions.html |access-date=27 September 2016 |work=[[Premium Times]]}}</ref> {{Reflist}} r5yu5syumkzz3bnx47vpmtv417f2ine 0 22118 139353 129379 2026-09-23T09:07:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139353 wikitext text/x-wiki Bimwe mubigwi n'amateka by'u Rwanda byagiye byubakwa hashingiye kubufatanye bwa bamwe mu bagabo ndetse n'abagore, Abagore bagiye bakora byinshi bitandukanye mubice bitandukanye by'igihugu cyu Rwanda no mu mateka gifite uyumunsi nko mu mitegekere, mu ntambara, no mugucunga umutekano, ubumwe n'ubusugire bw'igihugu. == Imiyoborere == 1.'''[[Nyiratunga|NYIRATUNGA]]''' :uyu Nyiratunga yari umugabe kazi amateka nibigwi by'uyu mugore bitangirira kungoma ya MIBAMBWE III MUTABAZI II SENTABYO.Uyu SENTABYO yatanze ingoma akenyutse akiri muto, yazize icyorezo cy'ubushita bwateye buturutse muri Ndorwa.<ref>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/umuco/article/umugore-wabaye-intwari-ikomeye-kurusha-abandi-mu-mateka-y-u-rwanda</ref> Nyuma yitanga rye abiru harimo uwo bitaga RUSAKA wanamurinze baharaniye gukomeza ingoma bayimana kuri GATARABUHURA Wari se wabo wa sentabyo. bityo bimika GAHINDIRO akiri uruhinja buryakoko ingoma iraragwa ntiyibwa. GAHINDIRO uyu, mwene sentabyo wa ndabarasa wa Rujugira rwa Mazimpaka wa Gisanura Cya Nyamuheshura ya Semugeshi wa Ndori ya cyamatare cya Gahima ka Mutabazi wa Mukobya mwa Rugwe rwa Bwimba na NYIRATUNGA yazunguye se ingoma y'imikwa mu Ruhango Rwan Mutakara na Nyamagana Nangingare(Ruhango y'ubu). 2.'''[[:en:Kanjogera|NYIRAYUHI KANJOGERA]]''': Yari umugabekazi wa Yuhi V Musinga<ref>https://prof-maurice.com/rw/2025/04/16/nyirayuhi-v-kanjogera-yari-muntu-ki/</ref>. Yagize uruhare rukomeye mu miyobobere mu mpera zikinyejana cya 19<ref>https://amateka1.rssing.com/chan-41692984/article124.html</ref>. 3. '''[[Agathe Uwilingiyimana|UWILINGIYIMANA Agathe]]:''' Yabaye Ministri w'Intebe wa mbere w'umugore mu Rwanda. Yayoboye guvernoma kuva 1993 kugeza 1994. Yari azwiho guharanira amahoro no guteza imbere uburezi yishwe muri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi 1994<ref>https://thegreatlakeseye.com/post?s=Agathe--Uwilingiyimana%3A--Rwandan--Premier--who--opposed--Genocide%2C--costing--her--life_989</ref>. 4. '''[[Inyumba aloysia|INYUMBA Aloisea]]:''' Ni umwe mu bagore bagize uruhare runini mu kwubaka u Rwanda nyuma ya 1994. Yabaye Minisitiri w'uburinganire n'iterambere ry'umuryango, yagize uruhare mu kwita ku mpunzi n'imfubyi nyuma ya Genocide<ref>https://www.africaknowledgeproject.org/index.php/jenda/article/view/561</ref>. Yabaye kandi umuyobozi mu muryango wa RPF<ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/2013/04/16/aloisea-inyumba-politician-who-played-a-key-role-in-the-rebuilding-of-rwanda/</ref>. 5.'''[[Rose Kabuye|Rose KABUYE]]:''' Ni umwe mu bagore bagize uruhare mu kurwana urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, yabaye umusirikare muri RPF, yabaye kandi umuyobozi mu biro bya perezida w'u Rwanda<ref>https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/rose-kabuye</ref>. 6. '''[[Jeannette Kagame|Jeannette KAGAME]]:''' Ni umwe mu bagore bafite uruhare rukomeye mu iterambere n'imibereho myiza y'abaturage bu Rwanda, cyane cyane mu guteza imbere uburezi, ubuzima n'imibereho myiza y'abagore n'urubyiruko<ref>https://oaflad.org/en/oaflad_members/h-e-mrs-jeannette-kagame/</ref>. 7. [[Louise Mushikiwabo|Louise MUSHIKIWABO]] 8. [[Mukabalisa Donatille|MUKABARISA Donatille]] 9. [[Judith Uwizeye|Judith UWIZEYE]] 10.[[Nsanzabaganwa Monique|NSANZABAGANWA Monique]] 11. [[Clare Akamanzi|Clare AKAMANZI]] 12. [[Germaine Kamayiresi|Germaine KAMAYIRESE]] 13. [[Valentine Rugwabiza|Valentine RUGWABIZA]] 14. [[Paula Ingabire|Paula INGABIRE]] 15. [[Soraya Hakuziyaremye]] 16.[[Diane Gashumba]] 17. [[Marie Solange Kayisire]] 18.UWAMARIYA Odette 19.[[Jeanne d'Arc Mujawamariya]] 20. [[Nyirasafari Espérance|NYIRASAFARI Esperance]] 21. [[Speciose Ayinkamiye]] 22. [[Patricie Uwase]] 23.MUKARWEGO Beatha 24. KANTENGWA Juliana 25.[[Uwimana Consolee|UWIMANA Consolee]] 26.KANTENGWA Angelique 27. NKUSI Anne Marie 28.[[Uwera Pelagie|UWERA Pelagie]] 29.UWAMARIYA Chantal 30. NYIRAMATAMA Zaina 31. [[Ndangiza Nyirakobwa Fatuma]] 32.[[Nyiramilimo Odette|NYIRAMIRIMO Odette]] 33. GAKUBA Anne Marie 34.[[Nkulikiyinka Christine|NKURIKIYINKA Christine]] 35. Belize Kariza 36. Sandrine Isheja Butera 37. Alice Umurerwa 38. Denise Uwimana 39. Ange Umutoni 40. Sandra Teta 41. Gloria Mukamabano 42. Claudine Uwase 43. Yvonne Iradukunda 44. Diane Ntwari 45. Sonia Rolland 46. Aline Murekatete 47. Diane Uwase 48.Yvette Mutoni 49.Grace Mbabazi 50. Claudette Niyomugabo 51. Chantal Uwineza 52.Diane Karusisi 53. Jeannette Uwimana 54. Yolande Makolo 55. Aline Gahongayire == Ishakiro == 0u831c95hohhbj2cr01e7r5rovkz64u 0 22119 139378 129262 2026-09-23T09:10:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox football club|clubname=Mbarara United FC|image=Mbarara_United_FC.png|caption=|fullname=Mbarara United Football Club|nickname=|motto=|shortname=|founded=|ground=Kakyeka stadium, [[Mbarara]], [[Uganda]]|capacity=|chairman=|mgrtitle=|manager=|coach=|league=|season=|position=|pattern_la1=|pattern_b1=|pattern_ra1=|pattern_s1=|leftarm1=|body1=|rightarm1=|shorts1=|socks1=|pattern_la2=|pattern_b2=|pattern_ra2=|pattern_s2=|leftarm2=|body2=|rightarm2=|shorts2=|socks2=}}'''Ikipe ya Mbarara United Football Club''' yarikipe [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] yomuri Uganda iherereye i Mbarara, muKarere ka Mbarara mu Burengerazuba bwa Uganda. Iyikipe yakinnyemuri shampiyona nini ya Uganda mumwaka wa 2009-10 ariko ubunta nyandiko za FUFA zemeza kiyi kipigikora. <ref name="RSSSF1">{{Cite news |date=2010-11-26 |title=Uganda 2009/10&nbsp;– RSSSF (Hans Schöggl and Ian King) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg2010.html |access-date=2014-01-31 |work=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> <ref name="FUFA">{{Cite web |title=FUFA Voters' Register (Zone 6) |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-voters-register-zone-6/ |access-date=2014-01-31}}</ref> == Amateka == Mbarara United FC yari imwemumakipe 8 yitabiriye shampiyona y’ibanze ya shampiyona y’igihugu ya mbere mu 1968-69, shampiyona ikaba ariyoyari ibanziriza shampiyona ya Ugandan Super League. Iyikipeyavuyemo nyumay’umwaka umwe kurwegorwohejuru arikimaze igihe 6 ikina umupira w’amagurumumyaka 9 mugihe cy’imyaka 40. <ref name="The Observer">{{Cite news |last=Lumu |first=David |last2=Sebugwawo |first2=Charles |date=2008-07-09 |title=New Boys Unplugged |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=416&catid=44 |access-date=2014-01-31 |publisher=The Observer}}</ref> Baherukaga gukina muri Ugandan Super League mumwaka w'imikino wa 2008-09, kandintibari bameze nezakuko barangije kumwanya wa 14 n'amanota 35. Mumwaka wakurikiyeho wa 2009-10 binjiye muri Ugandan Big League, shampiyona nshya ya FUFA yomucyiciro cya kabiri, ariko ntacyo bahinduye muri Rwenzori Group. Umusaruro wabo wanyuma muri shampiyona ni intsinzi yaboyanyuma ya Masaka Municipal Council FC ku bitego 7-1. <ref name="RSSSF2">{{Cite news |date=2018-10-11 |title=Uganda 2008/09&nbsp;– RSSSF (Hans Schöggl and Ian King) |url=https://www.rsssf.org/tableso/oeg09.html |access-date=2014-01-31 |work=[[RSSSF]]}}</ref> Iyikipe ntabwo yarikora mu myaka ishize. <ref name="FUFA">{{Cite web |title=FUFA Voters' Register (Zone 6) |url=http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-voters-register-zone-6/ |access-date=2014-01-31}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[http://www.fufa.co.ug/fufa-voters-register-zone-6/ "FUFA Voters' Register (Zone 6)"]<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-31</span></span>.</cite></ref> Mbarara United FC yaterwaga inkunga n'abanyamuryango b'ikipe ndetse n'Inama Njyanama y'Umujyi wa Mbarara. Kubera ko Mbarara iherereye hafi y'umupaka w'amajyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'igihugu, ntibitangaje kubonabakinnyi b'abanyekongo basanzwe aribo bakunze kwigarurira ikipeyabo yambere. <ref name="The Observer">{{Cite news |last=Lumu |first=David |last2=Sebugwawo |first2=Charles |date=2008-07-09 |title=New Boys Unplugged |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=416&catid=44 |access-date=2014-01-31 |publisher=The Observer}}<cite class="citation news cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFLumuSebugwawo2008">Lumu, David; Sebugwawo, Charles (2008-07-09). [http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=416&catid=44 "New Boys Unplugged"]. The Observer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-01-31</span></span>.</cite></ref> === Agahigo mu byiciro bya mbere === {| class="wikitable" style="width:80%; font-size:100%" !Season !Tier !League !Pos. !Pl. !W !D !L !GS !GA !Pts !Movements |- |'''1968–69''' |1 |Uganda National First Division League | align="right" |'''7th''' | align="right" |14 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |11 | align="right" |20 | align="right" |57 | align="right" |'''5''' | |- |<span style="color:#AAA;">1969–79</span> | |<span style="color:#AAA;">''Participated in lower tiers''</span> | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | |- |'''1980''' |1 |Uganda National League | align="right" |'''15th''' | align="right" |30 | align="right" |8 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |19 | align="right" |26 | align="right" |53 | align="right" |'''19''' |Relegated |- |<span style="color:#AAA;">1981–82</span> | |<span style="color:#AAA;">''Participated in lower tiers''</span> | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | |- |'''1983''' |1 |Uganda Super League | align="right" |'''12th''' | align="right" |29 | align="right" |8 | align="right" |7 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |29 | align="right" |41 | align="right" |'''23''' |Relegated |- |<span style="color:#AAA;">1984–99</span> | |<span style="color:#AAA;">''Participated in lower tiers''</span> | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | |- |'''2000''' |1 |Uganda Super League | align="right" |'''7th''' | align="right" |30 | align="right" |11 | align="right" |13 | align="right" |20 | align="right" |45 | align="right" |39 | align="right" |'''46''' | |- |'''2001''' |1 |Uganda Super League | align="right" |'''6th''' | align="right" |28 | align="right" |13 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |10 | align="right" |42 | align="right" |41 | align="right" |'''44''' | |- |'''2002''' |1 |Uganda Super League | align="right" |'''10th''' | align="right" |28 | align="right" |9 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |30 | align="right" |46 | align="right" |'''32''' | |- |'''2002–03''' |1 |Uganda Super League | align="right" |'''13th''' | align="right" |27 | align="right" |4 | align="right" |3 | align="right" |20 | align="right" |27 | align="right" |58 | align="right" |'''16''' |Relegated |- |<span style="color:#AAA;">2004</span> | |<span style="color:#AAA;">''Participated in lower tiers''</span> | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | |- |'''2005''' |1 |Uganda Super League&nbsp;– Group A | align="right" |'''5th''' | align="right" |8 | align="right" |1 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |6 | align="right" |13 | align="right" |'''5''' |Moved to Relegation Pool |- | | |Uganda Super League&nbsp;– Relegation Pool | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | |Relegated |- |<span style="color:#AAA;">2006–08</span> | |<span style="color:#AAA;">''Participated in lower tiers''</span> | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | |- |'''2008–09''' |1 |Uganda Super League | align="right" |'''14th''' | align="right" |34 | align="right" |7 | align="right" |14 | align="right" |13 | align="right" |22 | align="right" |30 | align="right" |'''35''' |Relegated |- |'''2009–10''' |2 |Uganda Big League&nbsp;– Rwenzori Group | align="right" |'''6th''' | align="right" |14 | align="right" |5 | align="right" |2 | align="right" |7 | align="right" |17 | align="right" |25 | align="right" |'''14''' |Withdrew at end of season. |- |<span style="color:#AAA;">2011 -<br /><br />present</span> | |<span style="color:#AAA;">''No information to confirm that the club is operating.''</span> | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | | |- |} == Reba kandi == * Proline FC * [[BUL Jinja FC]] * Kiira Young FC == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Amasano yo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140214113054/http://www.rsssf.com/tableso/oegchamp.html Uganda&nbsp;– Urutonde rw'abatsinze&nbsp;– RSSSF (Hans Schöggl)] 27pmxt05cdj8puau2xxn4m9kkzehsd8 0 22204 139354 136089 2026-09-23T09:07:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139354 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Tutsi herdsman.jpg|thumb|Amasunzu]] '''Amasunzu mu Rwanda''' yari [[Umusatsi|imisatsi]] yabaga ku mitwe yabanyarwanda cyangwa abanyarwandakazi, ikaba ari ikimenyetso cy'[[Umuco nyarwanda|umuco mu Rwanda]], berekane ko bafite icyubahiro, ari intwari, ububasha cyangwa ko bakomeye. Gusa nanone abangavu cyangwa urubyiruka na bo bayiyogosheshaga bakurure abantu ko bagejeje igihe cyo gushyingirwa no kurongorwa.<ref name=":0">https://nezasafaris.rw/tag/amasunzu-hairstyle-in-rwanda/</ref><ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2023/12/tunyweless-rwanda-joins-rest-of-the-world-in-fight-alcohol-abuse/</ref> == Imitere == Amasunzu yari afite imiterere itangaje ndetse ubwayo nk'amasunzu ntiyari imisatsi isanzwe, akaba yari imisatsi yo goshwaga mu buryo bugezweho ku mpande z'umutwe muri icyo gihe cya cyera mu bakurambere, yabaga izinze muburyo budasanzwe habaga hari n'izamuye. Hariho uburyo busaga 30 bwari buzwi bwo gutera amasunzu.<ref name=":0" /> == Aho''' '''ikoreshwa == Amasunzu yari imisatsi barwaga cyane naba kera mu muco gakondo, ku bakuru b'imisozi, abagabo b'intwari, ndetse n'ingimbi n'abangavu.<ref name=":0" /><ref>https://www.bellanaija.com/2018/03/amasunzu-rwanda-lupita-nyongo-oscars2018/</ref><ref>https://iol.co.za/lifestyle/style-beauty/hair/2018-09-28-3-traditional-hairstyles-that-made-it-into-todays-trends/</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201803080051.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini gakondo]] [[Ikiciro:Amadini n'amatorero]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rite]] [[Ikiciro:Umuco wacu]] izvdhen8m1dwoga0cmbyaqoq6a3ck6l 0 22272 139355 129697 2026-09-23T09:07:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139355 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Soleil Uwase Irahari''' ni umuhanzikazi nyarwanda Uzwi nka '''Zuba Ray''' Wavutse Mu 2005 uri mu bahanzi bakizamuka, usanzwe abarizwa muri KINA Music. Mu mwaka wa 2024, yamenyekanye nk’umwe mu bahanzi bashya bafite intego yo kugera ku rwego mpuzamahanga no kwigarurira abakunzi b’umuziki mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/20510/entertainment/music/zuba-ray-who-is-the-new-kina-music-artiste</ref><ref>https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Zuba+Ray%3a+Who+is+the+new+Kina+Music+artiste%3f-a0810670181</ref> == Umuziki == Zuba Ray yatangiye kumenyekana ubwo yaririmbaga mu gitaramo cyo kumurika album ''Vibranium'' ya [[Nel Ngabo]] na [[Platin P|Platini P]].<ref name=":0">https://africadiplomacy.net/?p=763</ref> == Amashuri yize == Zuba Ray yize mu Rwanda School of Music, aho yagaragaje impano ye mu muziki akiri umunyeshuri. Aho ni ho yateje imbere ubumenyi bwe mu kuririmba no gukora umuziki, bituma atangira kumenyekana mu ruhando rw’abahanzi bakizamuka.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibihangano == '''Igisabo''' '''Utuntu''' '''Ikirezi'''<ref>https://www.citimuzik.com/2026/03/zuba-ray-ikirezi-lyrics-ft-king-james.html</ref> == Amashakilro == j9fl2rmoicls202ad9xq6gi80xyydy4 0 22370 139258 137127 2026-09-23T07:32:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139258 wikitext text/x-wiki == Charly == Rulinda charlotte yavutse 1990,wamenyekanye cyane mu itsinda rya Charly na Nina ku izina rya Charly, akaba ari umunyarwandakazi wakoraga umwuga wo kuririmba anyuze mu itsinda rya charly na Nina.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/itsinda-rya-charly-na-nina-ryamaze-gutandukana-byeruye</ref><ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/charly-na-nina-the-sterioz-itsinda</ref> == Akazi == Charly yatangiye aririmba ku giti cye gusa aza gucika intege, mu mwaka wa 2011 nibwo yatangiye kugaragara mu baririmbyi bafasha abahanzi, no kubunganira aba bazwi nka '''back up singers'''( bakapu singezi) muri za Primus Guma Guma Superstar<ref name=":0" />. Mu mwaka wa 2014 nibwo yahuye na Nina maze bakora itsinda rya charly na Nina<ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/kwa-charly-na-nina-ibintu-bimeze-neza-inkuru-zo-gutandukana-kwabo-zikomoka-he</ref>.Mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2020 haje kwasaswa inkuru ivuga ko yatandukanye na Nina bityo, gukora umuziki nk'itsinda bikaba bihagaze nyuma yaho Nina yaririmbye mu gitaramo cya EAC iDeserve wenyine.<ref name=":1" /> Gusa nyuma yaho baje kubinyomoza bavuga ko bari baragiye mu karuhuko, ko ibyo gutandukana ari ibihuha.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/charly-na-nina-bahishuye-sosiyete-bari-gukorana-muri-management</ref>Mu mwaka wa 2022 nibwo we na mugenzi we bongeye gusohora indirimbo bise" Lavender", gusa nyuma yaho ntago bongeye kuira indi ndirimbo basohora.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/charly-na-nina-basohoye-indirimbo-nshya-lavender</ref> == Indirimbo yasohoye == Charlotte yabanje kuba umuririmbyi ku giti cye mu mwaka wa 2012, asohora indirimbo nyinshi zirimo: Ntawe ukuruta, warezwe nande, Uragumana nanjye, Ndabirambiwe n'izindi.<ref name=":0" /> == Abatunganya indirimbo bakunze gukorana == Producer Fazzo, Washington, Chris Cheetah, Piano the grooveman.<ref name=":0" /> == Ishakiro == imdd1kvsga2t7xkvtoi7lbjgj2neuk5 0 22379 139229 135441 2026-09-23T07:25:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139229 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ibyo wamenya kuri sharon Gatete == Ni umuhazikazi akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo zo kuryamya no guhimbaza imana. Yavukiye mu karere ka Gasabo, umurenge wa kacyiru mumujyi wa kigali.<ref>https://www.cbn.rw/article/243/umuramyikazi-sharon-getete-ni-muntu-ki-sobanukirwa-byinshi-utaruzi-ku-buzima-bwe</ref> Sharon yamenye ko afite impano yo kuririmba afite iyaka 9 ubwo yigaga muri kigali parent school. Arangije amashuri yisumbuye nibwo yahisemo gukurikirana umuziki abigize umwuga. Mu mwaka wa 2018 yiyandikishije mu ishuri ry'umuziki riherereye ku nyundo<ref>https://www.cbn.rw/article/243/umuramyikazi-sharon-getete-ni-muntu-ki-sobanukirwa-byinshi-utaruzi-ku-buzima-bwe</ref> mu mwaka wa 2021 nibwo yarangije mu ishuri rya muzika ryo ku Nyundo afite ubuhanga mu bijyanye nimiziki,ubucuruzi bw'umuziki ndetse no guhimba indirimbo.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/en/news/meet-sharon-gatete-music-student-in-kenya-and-bride-to-be-of-chryso-ndasingwa-photos-1750765335530</ref> == Indirimbo yamenyekanyamo <ref name=":0" /> == * Rwanda shima imana * inkuru nziza * Emmanuel == ubuzima bwite == Sharon Gatete arubatse na Chryso Rudasingwa == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 3ivjm2se8r0egy5kebc099lc9ou3ix4 0 22460 139163 137067 2026-09-23T03:13:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139163 wikitext text/x-wiki ''Alice Diane Uwimana'' wamenyekanye ku izina rya '''Audia Intore''' ni umuhanzikazi w'umunyarwanda uririmba mu njyana ya Gakondo.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/umunyamakuru-the-cyiza-na-audio-intore-wamamaye-muri-gakondo-bagiye-kurushinga-151922</ref>Yavutse 05 Gahyantare 1992.<ref>https://www.musicinafrica.net/node/33957</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Ku itariki ya 05 Gahyantare 2025 Cyiza Kelly yamusabye ko bazabana maze arabyemera.<ref name=":0" />Kuri 26 Nyakanga 2025 basezerana kubana akaramata.<ref>https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/umuhanzi-audia-intore-yarongowe-amafoto</ref> == Akazi == Mu mwaka 2012 nibwo Audia Intore yatangiye gusubiramo indirimbo z'abandi bahanzi baririmba indirimbo za kinyarwanda, nyuma aza no gusohora ize.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/audia-intore-mu-ndirimbo-nshya-yaririmbye-ku-mbaraga-zurukundo-yumve-95488</ref> == Indirimbo ze == Mu mwaka wa 2023 ku itariki ya 08 Werurwe yasohoye Album ye ya mbere yise 'Uri Mwiza Mama'Yari igizwe n'indirimbo 10 nka Bwari bwije,Ndinda, Urungano,Akwiye ikamba yakunzwe cyane n'izindi.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/audia-intore-yazirikanye-mama-we-na-jay-polly-batakiriho-akomoza-kuri-bushali-video-140492</ref> Audia Intore yamamaye mu ndirimbo ye yise 'Sine ya Mwiza".<ref name=":0" />Izindi ndirimbo ze harimo :" Umutoni, Araje,Uri mwiza, Simbi ryanjye, Rwangabo, Bisangwa, <ref name=":2">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/bamuhetse-mu-ngobyi-audia-intore-yamuritse-album-aha-impano-ababyeyi-bataramye-u-rwanda-am-126849</ref>Imbaraga z'urukundo, Umugozi umwe<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/audia-intore-yaririmbye-ubutwari-bwa-rwangabo-wamunyuze-video-102221</ref>n'izindi." == Ibitaramo yaririmbyemo == Audia Intore yaririmbye mu bitamo byinshi cayne, bimwe muri byo ni : Umurage nyawo Kamaliza Concert, Iwacu Concert, Gakondo Accoustic Gala, Rwanda Connect Gala, Smart Service Awards ndetse n'ibindi byinshi.<ref name=":1" /> == Abahanzi bakoranye == Yakoranye na Bill Ruzima indirimbo yitwa Simbi ryanjye.<ref name=":2" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 48zec557o5hwu39tidhe15fl1e8dnfm 0 22510 139522 135930 2026-09-23T10:29:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 139522 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Muyumbu | image = [[Dosiye:MuyumbuGenocideMemorial08.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muyumbu mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Muyumbu]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Gushyingura bwa mbere | data6 = 13 Ugushyingo 1994 | label7 = Imibiri ishyinguye | data7 = 14 401 (2026) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muyumbu''' ni urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Muyumbu]], [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rwibukirwaho Abatutsi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], kandi ni hamwe mu hantu ha mbere hashyizweho mu Rwanda hagamijwe gushyingura mu cyubahiro no kwibuka abazize Jenoside. Mu 2026, amakuru yatangajwe yagaragazaga ko urwibutso rwari rushyinguyemo imibiri 14 401. == Aho urwibutso ruherereye == Urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Muyumbu]], mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], iburasirazuba bwa [[Kigali]].<ref name="NewTimes2017">{{Cite news |last=Ntirenganya |first=Emmanuel |title=Muyumbu, home to Rwanda’s first Genocide memorial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/139897/News/muyumbu-home-to-rwandaas-first-genocide-memorial |work=The New Times |date=2017-04-20 |access-date=2026-09-11 |language=en }}</ref> [[Dosiye:MuyumbuGenocideMemorial18.jpg|thumb|left|Umuhanda uri hafi y'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Muyumbu, Kanama 2025.]] Muyumbu ni kamwe mu duce two mu Karere ka Rwamagana twegereye umujyi wa Kigali. Urwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zashyizweho mu Rwanda kugira ngo zibungabunge amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kandi zibe ahantu ho kunamira no gushyingura mu cyubahiro abazize Jenoside. == Amateka == Ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 1994, i Muyumbu hashyinguwe mu cyubahiro imibiri 400 y'Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside. Amakuru yatangajwe mu 2026 avuga ko icyo ari cyo gikorwa cya mbere cyo gushyingura mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside cyabaye mu Rwanda.<ref name="Muhazi29042026">{{Cite web |last=Hakizimana |first=Yussuf |title=Amafoto: Ibyaranze igikorwa cy’abakozi ba Jibu cyo Kwibuka 32 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku Muyumbu |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/amafoto-ibyaranze-igikorwa-cyabakozi-ba-jibu-cyo-kwibuka-32-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-ku-muyumbu/ |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2026-04-29 |access-date=2026-09-11 |language=rw }}</ref> ''The New Times'' na yo yagaragaje Muyumbu nk'ahari urwibutso rwa mbere rwa Jenoside mu Rwanda.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> Mu Mata 2017, indi mibiri 26 yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro kuri uru rwibutso.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> Ku wa 11 Mata 2022, hashyinguwe indi mibiri icumi yari yabonetse, irimo irindwi yabonetse mu Murenge wa [[Nzige]] n'itatu yabonetse mu Murenge wa Muyumbu. Icyo gihe iyi mibiri yiyongereye ku 14 309 yari isanzwe ishyinguye muri uru rwibutso, bituma yose iba 14 319.<ref name="Rwamagana2022">{{Cite web |title=Depite Beline Uwineza yifatanyije n’Abanyarwamagana mu gikorwa cyo kwibuka Abatutsi biciwe ku Muyumbu no mu nkengero zaho, hanashyingurwa mu cyubahiro imibiri 10 yabonetse |url=https://www.rwamagana.gov.rw/amakuru/andi-makuru/depite-beline-uwineza-yifatanyije-nabanyarwamagana-mu-gikorwa-cyo-kwibuka-abatutsi-biciwe-ku-muyumbu-no-mu-nkengero-zaho-hanashyingurwa-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-10-yabonetse-1 |website=Akarere ka Rwamagana |date=2022-04-11 |access-date=2026-09-11 |language=rw }}</ref> [[Dosiye:MuyumbuGenocideMemorial16.jpg|thumb|Ahashyinguwe imibiri y'Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside ku Rwibutso rwa Muyumbu, Kanama 2025.]] Ku wa 11 Mata 2026, hashyinguwe mu cyubahiro indi mibiri ine yari iherutse kuboneka.<ref name="Muhazi11042026">{{Cite web |last=Hakizimana |first=Yussuf |title=Rwamagana: Hashyinguwe mu cyubahiro imibiri yabonetse y’abishwe muri Jenoside |url=https://muhaziyacu.rw/amakuru/rwamagana-hashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-yabonetse-yabishwe-muri-jenoside/ |website=Muhazi Yacu |date=2026-04-11 |access-date=2026-09-11 |language=rw }}</ref> Ku wa 29 Mata 2026, ''Muhazi Yacu'' yatangaje ko urwibutso rwari rushyinguyemo imibiri 14 401.<ref name="Muhazi29042026" /> == Kwibuka no kubungabunga amateka == Ku Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Muyumbu habera ibikorwa byo [[Kwibuka]] abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kunamira abahashyinguye no gushyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri igenda iboneka.<ref name="Rwamagana2022" /><ref name="Migeprof2026">{{Cite web |title=Minister Uwimana urges youth to reject genocide ideology and protect Rwanda’s unity |url=https://migeprof.gov.rw/news-detail/minister-uwimana-urges-youth-to-reject-genocide-ideology-and-protect-rwandas-unity |website=Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion |date=2026-04-11 |access-date=2026-09-11 |language=en }}</ref> Abayobozi b'Akarere ka Rwamagana bagaragaje ko ibikorwa byo kwibuka bifasha no kwigisha urubyiruko amateka ya Jenoside, ubumwe, kubana neza no kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref name="Rwamagana2022" /> Mu 2026, Perezida wa [[IBUKA]] mu Karere ka Rwamagana, Musabyeyezu Dative, yagaragaje impungenge z'uko hakiri imibiri y'abazize Jenoside itaraboneka kubera ko hari abantu bataratanga amakuru y'aho yajugunywe. Minisitiri w'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, Uwimana Consolée, na we yasabye abafite ayo makuru kuyatanga kugira ngo imibiri itaraboneka ishobore gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro.<ref name="Muhazi11042026" /><ref name="Migeprof2026" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Inyandiko zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside]] * [[Kwibuka]] * [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] * [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] === Ibitabo byifashishijwe === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-11 }} === Imbuga zo hanze === * {{Commons category|Muyumbu Genocide Memorial}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Muyumbu, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] exupc8jxh0vf133u2sp0jczh2moof3g 0 22519 139352 130678 2026-09-23T09:07:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139352 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Onomo Hotel Kigali :''' ni hotel ifite inyenyeri 3 ,yafunguye imiryango muri 2018 .ifunguwe ni itsinda Onomo hotel rikaba rigenzurwa ni ikigo gishoramari cya batipart. iyii hoteli ifite ibyumba byose hamwe 109 .<ref>https://tourismregulation.rw/en/entity/profile/717/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/170815/News/featured-onomo-hotel-kigali-making-the-vacation-experience-a-memorable-one-with-its-world-class-rooms</ref> [[Dosiye:LOGO corporate white.jpg|thumb|Onomo Hotel kigali logo]] == Aho iherereye == Onomo hotel kigali <ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P8Joy_mfSTU</ref>: iherereye mukarere ka nyarugenge mu minota mi uva mu mujyi rwagati, ikaba ari ibirometero 8 uvuye ku kibuga cy' indege mpuzamahanga.<ref>https://www.onomohotels.com/en/hotel/onomo-hotel-kigali/</ref> , ikaba iri mugace karimo ibindi bikorwa nka [[M Hotel|M HOTEL]],RURA RSSB,<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u5MznqDboBM</ref> iojr5kynqebkxo1tcltm8kkfvmsyozu 0 22812 139503 132294 2026-09-23T09:59:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139503 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox river|name=South Fork Kern River|name_native=|name_native_lang=|name_other=|name_etymology=<!---------------------- IMAGE & MAP -->|image=SouthForkKern.jpeg|image_caption=Headwaters of the South Fork Kern River in [[Tulare County, California|Tulare County]]|map=KernRiverMap.png|map_size=|map_caption=Map showing the Kern River and the South Fork Kern River (to the east of the main stem)|pushpin_map=|pushpin_map_size=|pushpin_map_caption=<!---------------------- LOCATION -->|subdivision_type1=Country|subdivision_name1=[[United States]]|subdivision_type2=State|subdivision_name2=[[California]]|subdivision_type3=Region|subdivision_name3=[[Inyo County, California|Inyo County]], [[Tulare County, California|Tulare County]], [[Kern County, California|Kern County]]|subdivision_type4=|subdivision_name4=|subdivision_type5=Cities|subdivision_name5=[[Onyx, California|Onyx]], [[Weldon, California|Weldon]] <!---------------------- PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS -->|length={{convert|95|mi|km|abbr=on}}, North-south<ref>Length derived from river mile markings on USGS topo maps. The uppermost labeled mile is 94, and the river extends about a mile beyond that point to the source meadow.</ref>|width_min=|width_avg=|width_max=|depth_min=|depth_avg=|depth_max=|discharge1_location=[[Isabella, California]]<ref name="NWIS"/>|discharge1_min={{convert|4|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="NWIS"/>|discharge1_avg={{convert|105|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref name="NWIS"/>|discharge1_max={{convert|4100|cuft/s|m3/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/peak?site_no=11190000&agency_cd=USGS&format=html|title=USGS Gage #11190000 on the South Fork Kern River at Isabella (Peak Streamflow)|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|work=National Water Information System|date=1929–1952|accessdate=2010-10-16}}</ref> <!---------------------- BASIN FEATURES -->|source1=Southwest side of unnamed peak|source1_location=near Horseshoe Meadow, [[Inyo National Forest]], [[Tulare County, California|Tulare County]]|source1_coordinates={{coord|36|25|55|N|118|12|48|W|display=inline}}<ref name="GNIS">{{cite gnis|id=273825|name=South Fork Kern River|entrydate=1981-01-19|accessdate=2010-10-16}}</ref>|source1_elevation={{convert|10850|ft|abbr=on}}|mouth=[[Lake Isabella]]|mouth_location=[[Mountain Mesa, California|Mountain Mesa]], [[Kern County, California|Kern County]]|mouth_coordinates={{coord|35|39|34|N|118|27|51|W|display=inline,title}}|mouth_elevation={{convert|2490|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="GNIS"/>|progression=|river_system=[[Kern River]] watershed|basin_size={{convert|982|sqmi|abbr=on}}<ref name="NWIS">{{cite web|url=https://nwis.waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/monthly/?referred_module=sw&amp;site_no=11190000&amp;por_11190000_1=2208423,00060,1,1929-01,1952-09&amp;format=html_table&amp;date_format=YYYY-MM-DD&amp;rdb_compression=file&amp;submitted_form=parameter_selection_list|title=USGS Gage #11190000 on the South Fork Kern River at Isabella (Monthly Streamflow)|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|work=National Water Information System|date=1929–1952|accessdate=2010-10-16}}</ref>|tributaries_left=[[Canebrake Creek]]|tributaries_right=Trout Creek (Kern River)|custom_label=|custom_data=|extra={{Designation list | embed = yes | designation1 = nwsr | designation1_date = November 24, 1987 }}}}'''Uruzi rwa South Fork Kern''' ni umugezi utembamo uruzi rwa Kern muri Sierra Nevada muri leta ya California muri Amerika. Ni rumwe mu migezi iri mu majyepfo cyane ku musozi w’iburengerazuba bw’imisozi, kandi rutemba amazi mu gihugu cy’imisozi miremire kandi yumye ifite {{Convert|982|mi2|km2}} ku nkengero za Sierra Crest. Agace ko hejuru k'Amajyepfo gaca mu mikokwe miremire, ariko kandi gatuma amazi mu kibaya gishashe kandi cyuzuye ibishanga mbere yo kwinjira mu ruzi rwa Kern ku kiyaga cya Isabella. Uruzi rutangirira mu ishyamba rya Leta rya Inyo (Inyo National Forest), ku ruhande rwa Tulare ku murongo utandukanya Inyo County na Tulare County, mu kibaya gito ku mpinga ya Sierra Crest, hafi y'inzira ya Pacific Crest Trail. Uruzi runyura mu majyepfo, runyura mu bibaya n'imigezi migari, rugenda rwegera cyane Golden Trout Creek, umugezi w'uruzi rwa Kern uri iburengerazuba. Igice kinini cy'inzira y'uruzi mu majyepfo kiri hafi gato y'iburengerazuba bwa Owens Valley, ikibaya kiri iburasirazuba ku musozi wa Sierra. Hanyuma uruzi rwinjira mu ishyamba rya Sequoia National Forest maze rufata Trout Creek iburyo. Ukinjira mu mwobo, uruzi runyura mu buso {{Convert|2000|ft|m|adj=on}} -umugezi munini mbere yo kuva mu misozi hafi ya Onyx. Aho niho wakira umugezi wa Canebrake hanyuma ukerekeza mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Hanyuma South Fork Kern inyura muri Weldon na Kern River Preserve. Iyo yegereye ikiyaga cya Isabella amazi yayo yihuta agenda buhoro buhoro akwirakwira mu bishanga binini. Uruzi rwinjira mu kigega kiri ku mpera y'uruzi ruto. Aho rwahuriraga n'uruzi rwa Kern ruri munsi y'ikiyaga, cyagizwe n'urugomero rwa Isabella. Ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Lower South Fork Kern cyigeze guturwa n'ubwoko bwa Tübatulabal na Kawaiisu. Abantu bamaze imyaka igera ku 3.000 batuye ku nkengero z'uruzi. <ref name="timeline">{{Cite web |date= |title=Chronological Data |url=http://www.krvhistoricalsociety.org/chronologykrv.htm |access-date=2010-10-16 |website= |publisher=Kern River Valley Historical Society |archive-date=2010-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113143038/http://www.krvhistoricalsociety.org/chronologykrv.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 1834, Joseph R. Walker n'itsinda rye ry'abashakashatsi basuye ku nkengero z'uruzi bagerageza gushaka inzira yo hasi inyura mu misozi ya Sierra Nevada. Mu rugendo rwabo, bavumbuye Walker Pass, kilometero imwe hejuru y'inyanja, iri ku isoko ry'umugezi wa Canebrake, uruzi runini rwa South Fork. Walker yagarutse mu 1843, ayoboye itsinda rya mbere ry'abimukira bambuka Sierra banyuze muri iyo nzira. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Hoover, Mildred Brooke |year=2002 |title=Historic spots in California |url=https://archive.org/details/historicspotsinc0000unse |last2=Kyle, Douglas E. |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=0-8047-4482-3 |page= |url-access=registration}}</ref> Ibitero bya zahabu byazanye abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro muri ako gace mu myaka ya 1850 na 1860, kandi imiturire ya mbere ihoraho ku nkengero z'uruzi yubatswe mu 1859. Habayeho amakimbirane hagati y'abashya n'abaturage kavukire, maze umutwe w'ingabo za Amerika, Camp Leonard, ushingwa ku ruzi kugira ngo ugenzure ako gace. <ref name="timeline" /> Igice kinini cy'uruzi gitemba amazi menshi – nta ngomero zirimo kandi hari inzira nke zo kunyuramo – uretse kimwe gusa. Mu 1953, urugomero rwa Isabella rwubatswe ku ruzi rwa Kern hafi ya Bodfish n'ingabo za Amerika zishinzwe injeniyeri, rwuzura ibice byo hasi bya North Fork Kern (igiti kinini kiri hejuru ya Isabella) na South Fork Kern munsi y'ikiyaga cya Isabella kugira ngo rutange uburyo bwo kugenzura imyuzure n'amashanyarazi. <ref>{{Cite web |date= |title=Lake Isabella |url=http://isabella.uslakes.info/DamInfo.asp?DamID=100109 |access-date=2010-10-16 |publisher=Lakes Online}}</ref> Ariko, habayeho ibibazo ku nyubako y'urugomero, bitera ibyago byinshi byo kwangirika. Gusenyuka k'urugomero, bishobora guterwa n'umutingito ku cyuho cya Kern Canyon kiri munsi y'inyubako, bishobora kurenga umujyi wa Bakersfield mu masaha make. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Mayer |first=Steven |date=2009-10-24 |title=Scientists dig for answers under Isabella Dam |url=http://www.bakersfield.com/news/local/x1260873898/Scientists-dig-for-answers-under-Isabella-Dam |access-date=2010-10-16 |work=Bakersfield.com}}</ref> Byongeye kandi, ibibaya bya Kern yo hepfo, South Fork Kern na Canebrake Creek bitanga inzira y'ingenzi yo gutwara abantu. Umuhanda wa Leta ya California 178 unyuramo, uhuza Bakersfield na Inyokern, biri ku mpande zombi za Sierra, unyuze kuri Walker Pass. SR178 ni imwe mu nzira nke zinyura muri iki gice cy'imisozi. Uyu muhanda watangiye kubakwa mu myaka ya 1890. Wongewe kuri sisitemu y'imihanda ya leta ya California mu 1919, kandi wakozwemo kaburimbo mu 1940. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Connelly |first=Russ |date= |title=Historical Tour of State Route 178 From The Kern Canyon to Freeman Junction |website=Historical Highways of Central and Southern California |publisher=Los Angeles Rocks N' Roads}}</ref> * Ubutayu bwa Golden Trout * Pariki y'Igihugu ya Kings Canyon * Pariki y'Igihugu ya Sequoia * Ikiyaga cya Tulare * Urutonde rw'imigezi ya Kaliforuniya {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] guexchy90r6viyakkplwmpy9epgjkrm 0 22819 139128 135008 2026-09-23T02:38:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139128 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aguelmame Sidi Ali''' ni [[ikiyaga]] cyo mu Ntara ya Khénifra, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, muri Maroc. Aguelmame Sidi Ali iherereye ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,080, ifite ubuso bungana na {{Convert|500|hectare}} n'uburebure bwa {{Convert|36|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sayad |first=Ahmed |year=2011 |title=Physio-géo |last2=Chakiri |first2=Saïd |last3=Martin |first3=Claude |last4=Bejjaji |first4=Zohra |last5=Echarfaoui |first5=Hassan |volume=5 |pages=251–268 |language=fr |chapter=Effet des conditions climatiques sur le niveau du lac Sidi Ali (Moyen Atlas, Maroc) |doi=10.4000/physio-geo.2145 |issn=1958-573X}}</ref> Iri hafi y'umupaka w'intara ya Ifrane mu misozi ya Middle Atlas. Ni igice cya Pariki y'Igihugu ya Khenifra, {{Convert|842|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} agace karinzwe kashinzwe mu 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Khenifra National Park in Morocco |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/khenifra-national-park-national-park |access-date=9 August 2019 |publisher=Protected Planet}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == Ikiyaga giherereye mu misozi ya Middle Atlas ku butumburuke bwa {{Convert|2080|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} kandi ifite ubuso bungana na {{Convert|15.6|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} . <ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o |first=Tripomatic |title=Aguelmame Sidi Ali lake in Khenifra National Park, Morocco |url=https://travel.sygic.com/en/poi/aguelmame-sidi-ali-lake-poi:20057484 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=travel.sygic.com}}</ref> Yakorewe muri Upper Miocene / Quaternary aho ibice bibiri bihurira. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Marini, Alberto |year=2008 |title=Desertification and Risk Analysis Using High and Medium Resolution Satellite Data: Training Workshop on Mapping Desertification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo-BZJz8GOEC&pg=PA146 |last2=Talbi, Mohamed |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-8937-4 |page=146}}</ref> Iherereye mu mwobo karemano mu rutare rwa basalt kandi ikorwa mu bibaya bibiri, bitandukanyijwe n'umuraba w'amazi ugaragara iyo urugero rw'amazi rugabanutse. Itungwa n'amazi atemba, urubura rushonga n'amasoko ya karst. pH ni 9.1 kandi ubutare burimo ni buke cyane hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bwa 1200–1600 uScm-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Aguelmame Sidi Ali, Middle Atlas Morocco, Holocene diatom analyses |url=https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol7/vol7_N10/404-JMES-El%20hamouti.pdf}}</ref> == Ubumenyi bw'ibidukikije == Agace gakikije ikiyaga kari gafite amashyamba meza arimo Atlas cedar ( ''Cedrus atlantica'' ), ariko vuba aha, iri shyamba ryangiritse kandi agace gakikije ikiyaga kabaye ibihuru byumye, byuzuye amahwa byiganjemo juniper yo muri Esipanye ( ''Juniperus thurifera'' ). Plankton n'ibimera biri mu kiyaga bikungahaye kuri diatome, cyane cyane ibyo mu bwoko bwa ''Cyclotella'', kandi ibi byakoreshejwe mu gutanga ibimenyetso by'imiterere y'ikirere n'impinduka zijyanye n'ikirere cy'amazi mu kiyaga mu myaka myinshi ishize. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali - Tifounassine {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213423/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-date=2018-04-26 |access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-10 |title=Note archéologique sur l'Aguelman de Sidi-Ali (Moyen-Atlas, Maroc) - Persée |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210235521/https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-date=2020-02-10 |access-date=2024-05-07 |doi=10.3406/bspf.1932.5669}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2005, Aguelmams Sidi Ali / Tifounassine complex, ibishanga bitatu byo mu misozi biri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya {{Convert|1900|and|2100|m|abbr=on|ft|0}}, byagizwe ahantu ha Ramsar; bitanga ahantu hakomeye ho gucumbikira inyoni zo mu bishanga zimuka mu gihe cy'itumba harimo n'inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa ruddy shelduck ( ''Tadorna ferruginea'' ) n'inyoni [[Red knobbed coot|zo mu bwoko bwa crested coot]] ( ''Fulica cristata'' ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali – Tifounassine |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |access-date=31 July 2019 |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> Kugabanuka kw'imvura byatumye amazi y'ikiyaga agabanuka, kandi igishanga cyari kiri ku mpera y'uburengerazuba bw'amajyepfo ntikikiriho. Kuba abashumba b'inka n'ihene baragiraga amashyo y'intama n'ihene mu mpeshyi no mu mpeshyi byakuyeho ibimera byo mu mazi ku nkengero z'ikiyaga. Umubare muto w'inyoni zo mu mazi zisura ikiyaga mu gihe cy'itumba kandi inyoni nini yo mu bwoko bwa crested grebe ntiyororokera hano. Nubwo irinzwe, inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa ruddy shelduck n'izindi nyoni zo mu gasozi zihura n'ubujura bw'amafi. <ref name="Marini">{{Cite book |last=Marini, Alberto |year=2008 |title=Desertification and Risk Analysis Using High and Medium Resolution Satellite Data: Training Workshop on Mapping Desertification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo-BZJz8GOEC&pg=PA150 |last2=Talbi, Mohamed |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-8937-4 |page=150}}</ref> Iki kiyaga cyari ahantu honyine ku isi habaga ''Salmo pallaryi'', ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa trout, ariko ayo mafi yarazimye nyuma y'uko inyoni yo mu bwoko bwa common carp ( ''Cyprinus carpio'' ) irekuwe mu kiyaga mu 1934. <ref name="Marini">{{Cite book |last=Marini, Alberto |year=2008 |title=Desertification and Risk Analysis Using High and Medium Resolution Satellite Data: Training Workshop on Mapping Desertification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo-BZJz8GOEC&pg=PA150 |last2=Talbi, Mohamed |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-8937-4 |page=150}}<cite class="citation book cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMarini,_AlbertoTalbi,_Mohamed2008">Marini, Alberto; Talbi, Mohamed (2008). </cite></ref> Pike yo mu majyaruguru ( ''Esox lucius'' ) na zander ( ''Sander lucioperca'' ), ni andi moko y'amafi atari ay'umwimerere nayo yazanywe muri icyo kiyaga. <ref name="Marini" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} mudx92p41lxkbqe2pt33ncr7aae5154 0 22827 139440 131840 2026-09-23T09:44:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139440 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Uruzi rwa Black Kei''', ruva mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Queenstown, nyuma rugahura n'uruzi rwa White Kei, zikabyara uruzi rwa Great Kei. Imidugudu myinshi iherereye ku nkombe zarwo, harimo McBride Village, Qabi, Ntabelanga, Thornhill, Loudon, Mitford, [[Basoto, Tsolwana|Basoto]], Baccle's Farm na Tentergate. <ref>{{Cite journal |title=South Africa (Republic) - Animals & Animal Welfare |doi=10.1163/2213-2996_flg_com_172012}}</ref> [[Thrift Dam|Urugomero rwa Thrift]] ni rwo rugira akamaro gakomeye nk' ikigega cy' amazi kuri uruzi. Kuri ubu uru ruzi ni igice cya [[:en:Mzimvubu_to_Keiskamma_Water_Management_Area|Mzimvubu to Keiskamma Water Management Area]].<ref>[http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?pid=S1816-79502009000500018&script=sci_arttext Is there a role for traditional governance systems in South Africa's new water management regime?]</ref>. Igice cyo hejuru cy'uru ruzi kigize umupaka wo mu burengerazuba <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsolwana_Nature_Reserve" rel="mw:ExtLink" title="Tsolwana Nature Reserve" class="cx-link" data-linkid="135">Tsolwana Nature Reserve</a>, kandi hagati mu myaka ya 1800, Black Kei n'umugezi wayo wa Klipplaat byagize urubibi rw'amajyaruguru rwa Kaffraria y'Abongereza. Imigezi ya Klaas Smits na Klipplaat niyo migezi ikomeye igeramo. == Reba kandi == * Uruzi rwa Kei Runini * Urutonde rw'imigezi yo muri Afurika y'Epfo == Indangasoko == <references /> == Intanganturo yo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041227041011/http://www.environment.gov.za/soer/estuary/catch/greatkei.html Ikibaya cy'ubutaka cya Estuarine yo muri SA: Great Kei Catchment] * [http://www.wildcoast.co.za/node/112 Imijyi ishimishije mu mateka ya 'kei] d3idlu0i2gc8qj52gqqyllb2v8n1l46 0 22883 139497 132305 2026-09-23T09:54:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139497 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Řeka Kunene River, vodopády Epupa Falls - Namibie, Angola - panoramio.jpg|thumb|Uruzi rwa Cunene]] '''Umugezi wa Cunene''' cyangwa '''Kunene''' ni [[Uruzi|uruzi rwo]] muri Afurika y'Amajyepfo. Rutemba ruva mu misozi miremire [[Angola|ya Angola]] rugana mu majyepfo ku mupaka na Namibiya. Hanyuma rutemba rwerekeza mu burengerazuba ku mupaka kugeza rugeze ku Nyanja ya Atalantika. == Ubumenyi bw'isi == Imwe mu [[Umugezi|migezi mike ihoraho]] muri ako karere, Cunene ifite ubuso bugera kuri kirometero 1,050 z' uburebure, hamwe n'ubuso bugera kuri kilometero kare 106,560. hari igipimo cy'imvura cy'umwaka ni metero 174 m kugeza kuri 222 m ku munwa wayo. <ref name="South West Coast">{{Cite web |title=South West Coast |url=https://www.riversnetwork.org/V1/index.php/component/content/?view=article&id=163&catid=325&Itemid=179}}</ref> Amasumo ya Epupa ari ku ruzi. Urugomero rwa Olushandja ruyobora umugezi wa Etaka, kandi rufasha guha Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya Ruacana amazi. Umugezi uzamuka muri dogere 30 z'uburengerazuba no mu birometero bigera kuri 160 mu murongo utaziguye uvuye ku nyanja i Benguella. == Indangasoko == * {{Cite book |last=C. Michael Hogan |year=2012 |title=Encyclopedia of Earth |publisher=National Council for Science and the Environment |editor-last=P. Saundry |location=Washington DC. |chapter=Kunene River |editor-last2=C. Cleveland |chapter-url=http://www.eoearth.org/article/Kunene_River?topic=78166}} * {{Cite journal |last=F. C. de Moor |last2=H. M. Barber-James |last3=A. D. Harrison |last4=C. R. Lugo-Ortiz |year=2000 |title=The macroinvertebrates of the Cunene River from the Ruacana Falls to the river mouth and assessment of the conservation status of the river |journal=African Journal of Aquatic Science |volume=25 |issue=1}} * {{Cite book |last=Nakayama |first=Mikiyasu |year=2003 |title=International Waters in Southern Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ittv1oAJ37sC |publisher=[[United Nations University Press]] |isbn=92-808-1077-4}} Google eBook. [[Ikiciro:Congo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugenzi]] c3tceuhtbytmsgdidw0jj77xhxeunan 0 22885 139494 138753 2026-09-23T09:54:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139494 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urugomero rwa Água Vermelha''' ni urugomero rw'amazi ruri ku Ruzi rwa Grande hafi ya Iturama muri Minas Gerais / São Paulo, muri Breziligukora ingufu z'amashanyarazi no kurwanya umwuzure. kubaka Urwo rugomero byatangiye mu 1973 kandi byarangiye no gukoreshwa mu 1978.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dam Vermelha Aqua |url=http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Dam_Vermelha_Water.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714142954/http://www.myetymology.com/encyclopedia/Dam_Vermelha_Water.html |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Speedy Look |language=Portuguese}}</ref> Imashini ziheruka zitanga moteri zatangiye gukora mu 1979. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hydroelectric Plants in Brazil - Sao Paulo |url=http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-sp.htm |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121208171633/http://www.industcards.com/hydro-brazil-sp.htm |archive-date=December 8, 2012 |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Indust Cards}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == Urugomero rufite uburebure bwa {{Convert|3940|m}} uburebure na {{Convert|67|m}} urugomero rurerure rufite sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi ya sima n'igice cy'inzira yo gusuka amazi. Ingano ya sima iri mu nyubako y'urugomero ni {{Convert|1500000|m3}} . umuyoboro w'amazi y'urugomero urimo inzira umunani z'amazi, buri imwe ifite ubushobozi bwo gusohora amazi bwa {{Convert|2481|m3/s}} ku giteranyo {{Convert|19848|m3/s}}. Ikigega cy'urugomero gifite ubushobozi bwa {{Convert|11.025|km3|acre.ft}},muri zo {{Convert|11|km3|acre.ft}} ni ububiko bw'ibinyabuzima (bukora cyangwa "bw'ingirakamaro"). Ubuso bw'ikigega ni {{Convert|647|km2|mi2|abbr=on}} Kandi urwego ntarengwa wayo hejuru y'inyanja ni {{Convert|383.3|m|ft|abbr=on}} kandi nibura ni {{Convert|373.3|m}} . Sitasiyo y'amashanyarazi y'urugomero ifite umutwe w'amashanyarazi wa {{Convert|57|m}} kandi ikubiyemo esheshatu {{Convert|232.7|MW|abbr=on}}moteri zikoreshwa na turbine za Francis zifite ubushobozi bwo gushyiramo {{Convert|1,396.2|MW}}. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aqua Vermelha |url=http://www.aestiete.com.br/usinas/agua/ |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=AES Tiete}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Summary Information Dam Power Plant Agua Vermelha - SP |url=http://www.transportes.gov.br/bit/barragens/avermelha.htm |access-date=19 September 2010 |publisher=Brazil Ministry of Transportation}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Short description is different from Wikidata]] 6mdwc90atgexhro95vqkh5qbw9tx5sf 0 22886 139488 138754 2026-09-23T09:53:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139488 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Ikiyaga cya Ansoo ni kiyaga''' giherereye mu kibaya cya Kaghan cya Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Byasobunuwe nka '''Teardrop Lake'''. Nk'uko izina ryacyo ribigaragaza, ni amazi asa n'amarira aherereye mu Karere ka Mansehra muri [[Pakisitani]]. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ansoo Lake - A tear-shaped lake in Pakistan |url=http://kgda.gkp.pk/product/ansoo-lake/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191013052355/http://kgda.gkp.pk/product/ansoo-lake/ |archive-date=13 October 2019 |access-date=13 October 2019 |website=kgda.gkp.pk |publisher=Kaghan Development Authority}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite news |date=27 March 2018 |title=15.Ansoo Lake |url=https://arynews.tv/15-beautiful-lakes-pakistan/ |access-date=29 October 2024 |work=[[ARY News]]}}</ref> Ku butumburuke bwa 4126 m hejuru y'inyanja, Ikiyaga cya Ansoo gihagaze nk'imwe mu biyaga birebire cyane mu misozi ya himalaya. Giherereye hafi ya Malika Parbat, umusozi muremure mu kibaya cya Kaghan. == Amateka == Ikiyaga cya Ansoo cyaaguye mu kaga mu 1993 n'abapilote b'ingabo Zirwanira mu kirere za pakisitani bagurukaga ku butumburuke buri hasi cyane muri ako karere. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 August 2020 |title=The unexplored Ansoo Lake of Kaghan valley |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1574444 |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> Ubukerarugendo bukomeje kwiyongera bwabangamiye inzira igana ku kiyaga Ubukerarugendo bukomeje kwiyongera bwabangamiye inzira igana ku kiyaga n'ibidukikije karemano, bigaragaza ko gifite ibidukikije bitoroshye. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Nisar Ahmad |date=22 March 2020 |title=Kaghan valley's ecology vulnerable |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1542753 |access-date=5 May 2024 |work=[[Dawn (newspaper)|Dawn]] |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} b52jba6sxwztqsy0td2wz6j93ycyov8 0 23039 139356 137893 2026-09-23T09:07:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139356 wikitext text/x-wiki Lamine Yamal ni umwe mu bakinnyi b'umupira w'amaguru bakiri bato bafite impano idasanzwe mu mikino w'umupira w'amaguru muri iki gihe. Uyu mukinnyi akina nka rutahizamu anyura kuruhande rw'ibiryo mu ikipe ya FC Barcelona no mu ikipe y'igihugu ya Espanye.<ref name=":0">https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/byinshi-kuri-lamine-yama-umukinnyi-wimyaka-15-wanditse-amateka-muri-fc-barcelona-128856</ref> == Amateka n'inkomoko == Lamine Yamal yavutse ku itariki ya 13 Nyakanga 2007 avukira Esplugues de Llobregat, muri Kataluniya (Esipanye). Uyu mukinnyi avuka kuri Mounir Nasraoui ari we papa we akaba akomoka muri Marroc, naho nyina Sheila Ebana akaba akomoka muri Gunea Ekwatoriyali. Uyu mukinnyi ku myaka ye mike yakuriye mu gace ka Rocafonda i Mataro ikaba ari nayo mpamvu uyu mukinnyi iyamaze gutsinda igitego akunda gukora ikimenyetso cy'intoki cyerekana nimero 304 ikaba yari kode y'iposita y'i Rocafonda akaba abikoresha mu buryo bwo kuhazirikana no mu kuhaha agaciro.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/yamal-ni-we-mukinnyi-uhenze-kurusha-abandi-ku-isi</ref> == Uko yisanze akinira Fc Barcelona ndetse n'ikipe y'igihugu ya Espanye == Lamine yamal yatangiye ibya kariyeri ye yo gukina umupira mu ishuri ry'umupira w'amaguru rya Barcelona rya La Masia afite imyaka 7 gusa, azamuka vuba cyane kubera ubuhanga bwe. Muri Mata 2023, afite imyaka 15 n'am,amezi 9 yabaye umukinnyi muto kurusha abandi bakiniye ikipe nkuru ya Barcelona mu kinyejana cya 21. sibyo gusa kuko Lamine Yamal yabaye umukinnyi muto watsinze igitego muri shampiyona ya La Liga ,Supercopa de Espana, na Copa del Rey.<ref name=":0" /> Muri Nzeri 2023 , yabaye umukinnyi muto watsindiye Esipanye kandi akaba n'umuto wayitsindiye igitego ku mukino wayihuje na Geworogiya. Sibyo gusa kuko uyumukinnyi yahesheje Esipanye igikombe k'iburayi (Euro 2024) aho yabaye umukinnyi muto kurusha abandi watwaye iki gikombe, ahabwa n'igijhembo cy'umukinnyi muto mwiza wirushanwa (Young Player of the Tournament) , igitego yatsinze ubufaransa muri kimwe cya kabiri cyatorewe kuba igitego cyiza kirushanwa, Sibyo gusa kuko uyu mukinnyi yanafashize igihugu ke gutwara igikombe cy'isi cya 2026.<ref>https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/yamal-ni-we-mukinnyi-uhenze-kurusha-abandi-ku-isi</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 87m4usuhoz75qhbwhyz01r6a060h5pk 0 23042 139489 138756 2026-09-23T09:53:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 139489 wikitext text/x-wiki == CECAFA Kagame Cup == CECAFA KAGAME CUP ni irushanwa rihuza amakipe akomeye uo muri Afurika y'iburasirazuba no hagati (CECAFA ZONE). Mu 2026 ryabereye i Kigali, Rwanda kuva ku wa 24 Nyakanga kugeza ku wa 7 Kanama 2026 , ikaba ari imikino yakiniwe ku bibuga aribyo Amahoro stadium na Kigali Pele stadium.<ref>https://kigalitoday.com/imikino/football/article/rayon-sports-yongeye-gutwara-cecafa-kagame-cup-nyuma-y-imyaka-28-amafoto</ref> Iri rushanwa ryitabiriwe n'amakipe 12 yaragabanyije mu matsinda atatu(3)<ref name=":0">https://cecafaonline.com/nshimiyimana-scoops-best-player-award-in-cecafa-kagame-cup/</ref> ==== Itsinda 1 ==== * APR FC(Rwanda) * Vipers SC(Uganda) * Gor Mahia FC( kenya) * Garde Republicaine(Djibout) ==== Itsinda 2 ==== * Singida Black Stars(Tanzania) * Simba SC(Tanzania) * Jamus SC(Sudani y'Epfo) * Mogadishu city club(Somalia) ==== Itsinda 3 ==== * Al Hilal(Sudan) * Rayon Sports(Rwanda) * Tusker FC(Kenya) * KVZ FC(Zanzibal) Rayon Sport yaherukaga kugitwara mu 1988, yongeye kugitwara hashize imyaka 28 itsinze Gor Mahia yashakaag icya Kane ibitego 2 kuri 1. <ref name=":1">https://citizen.digital/article/rayon-sports-sink-gor-mahia-in-extra-time-to-lift-cecafa-kagame-cup-n387926</ref> == Udushya twabaye muri CECAFA KAGAME CUP 2026<ref name=":0" /> == Iri rushanwa ryatangiye ikipe ya APR Fc ikubitwa ibitego 5 na Gor Mahia mu mukino wafunguye irir rushanwa. Jamus Fc ikipe yaje ititezweho byinshi yabaye imwe mu makipe yatangaje abantu cyane kubera ukuntu yitwaye neza bikaza no kuyiha amahirwe yo gukina imikino ya kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza.<ref name=":1" /> Bimwe kubyo wamenya ku bakinnyi bahize abandi, Emmanuel Nshimiyimana kapiteni wa Rayon Sport yahawe igihembo cya Best Player of CECAFA Kagame cup 2026 kubera uruhare rukomeye yagize mu gufasha Rayons Sport kwegukan igikombe ndetse ikipe ya Al Hilar yatwaye umwanya wa 3 itsinze Jamus FC<ref name=":1" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} ms01y17xi52yv09hlc0n9wxoja0c6ka 0 23106 139399 2026-09-23T09:16:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio | image = [[File:CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé 003jpg.jpg|250px]] | caption = CHU Sylvanus Olympio i [[Lomé]] | label1 = Andi mazina | data1 = CHU-Tokoin; CHU-SO | label2 = Yafunguwe | data2 = 1954 | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Ibitaro bya kaminuza bya Leta | label4 = Inshingano | data4 = [[Ubuzima|Ubuvuzi]], inyigisho n'[[Ubushakashatsi|ubushakashatsi]] | label5 = Icyicaro | data5 = 198, rue de l'Hôpital..." 139399 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio | image = [[File:CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé 003jpg.jpg|250px]] | caption = CHU Sylvanus Olympio i [[Lomé]] | label1 = Andi mazina | data1 = CHU-Tokoin; CHU-SO | label2 = Yafunguwe | data2 = 1954 | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Ibitaro bya kaminuza bya Leta | label4 = Inshingano | data4 = [[Ubuzima|Ubuvuzi]], inyigisho n'[[Ubushakashatsi|ubushakashatsi]] | label5 = Icyicaro | data5 = 198, rue de l'Hôpital, [[Lomé]], [[Togo]] | label6 = Umuyobozi mukuru | data6 = Agbobli Yawo Apélété | label7 = Ubushobozi | data7 = Ibitanda {{formatnum:1138}} | label8 = Abakozi | data8 = Barenga {{formatnum:1000}} (2024) | label9 = Kaminuza ifatanya na yo | data9 = [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]] }} '''Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio''' ('''CHU Sylvanus-Olympio''' cyangwa '''CHU-SO''') ni ibitaro bya Leta biri i [[Lomé]] muri [[Togo]]. Ni kimwe mu bigo bikomeye by'ubuvuzi byifashishwa mu koherezamo abarwayi muri Togo. Bitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi, bikigishirizwamo abaganga kandi bigakorerwamo ubushakashatsi ku bufatanye n'Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bw'Ubuzima rya [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]]. == Amateka == Kubaka ibi bitaro byatangiye mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1940. Ibuye ry'ifatizo ryashyizweho ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 1949, maze ibitaro bifungurwa mu 1954<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |title=République togolaise |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/content/download/73470/1846170/1 |website=Republicoftogo.com |date=2015-08-30 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="dagl">{{Cite web |last=Yaovi |first=AGBONON Kankoe |title=Mme Zouréhatou KASSAH-TRAORE prend contact avec le Directeur Général du CHU SO et son staff |url=https://dagl.tg/index.php/articles/113-mme-zourehatou-kassah-traore-prend-contact-avec-le-directeur-general-du-chu-so-et-son-staff |website=DAGL |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>, icyo gihe byitwaga ''Centre national hospitalier'' (CNH)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historique du CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://chuso.tg/historique-du-chu-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=CHU Sylvanus Olympio |date=2008-04-08 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Mu 1971, ubwo hashyirwagaho ishuri ry'ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza ya Bénin yaje guhinduka [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]], ikigo cyahawe urwego rw'ibitaro bya kaminuza, cyitwa ''Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé-Tokoin''. Icyo cyemezo cyemejwe n'iteka nimero 71-184 ryo ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1971<ref name="jo">{{Cite web |title=Journal Officiel de la République togolaise |url=https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/tog92863.pdf |website=FAOLEX |format=PDF |date=1971-12-16 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Ku wa 26 Mata 2012, ibitaro byiswe ''Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio'', mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro [[Sylvanus Olympio]], wabaye perezida wa mbere wa Togo<ref>{{Cite web |author=togoactualite.com |title=Le CHU-Tokoin rebaptisé « Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio » |url=https://togoactualite.com/le-chu-tokoin-rebaptise-centre-hospitalier-universitaire-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=Togo Actualité |date=2012-04-27 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Iryo zina ryemejwe n'iteka nimero 2012-020/PR<ref name="rep" />. == Inshingano == CHU Sylvanus Olympio ifite inshingano eshatu z'ibanze: gutanga ubuvuzi, kwigisha no gukora ubushakashatsi<ref name="staar">{{Cite web |title=Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://www.staarmuc.org/pages/vous-informer/universitaire-prive/centre-hospitalier-universitaire-sylvanus-olympio.html |website=STAARMUC |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. === Ubuvuzi === Ibitaro byakira abarwayi baza kwisuzumisha n'abakeneye kuryamishwa, kandi bikita ku ndwara n'impanuka byihutirwa, harimo n'ibisaba [[Kubaga|kubagwa]]. Bitanga ubuvuzi rusange n'ubw'inzobere<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest">{{Cite web |title=CHU Sylvanus OLYMPIO - Destination Togo |url=https://destination-togo.com/fr/services/health/chu-sylvanus-olympio |website=Destination Togo |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Mu mashami y'ubuvuzi harimo ay'indwara z'umutima, ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mubiri, endocrinologie, indwara z'impyiko, iz'imyakura, iz'ubuhumekero, rubagimpande n'indwara zandura. Hari kandi anesthésie-réanimation, kubaga rusange, kubaga abana, neurochirurgie, [[Ubuvuzi bw'amaso|ubuvuzi bw'amaso]], oto-rhino-laryngologie, urologie-andrologie n'ubuvuzi bw'imvune n'amagufwa<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. CHU-SO ifite kandi serivisi z'ubuvuzi bw'abagore n'ibyerekeye kubyara, iz'abana n'abana bavutse imburagihe, laboratwari n'[[Imaging y'ubuvuzi|imaging y'ubuvuzi]]<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. === Inyigisho === Ibitaro bigira uruhare mu guhugura abanyeshuri n'abaganga bari mu myitozo mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ubuvuzi<ref name="jo" /><ref name="dest" />, ku bufatanye n'Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bw'Ubuzima rya Kaminuza ya Lomé<ref name="ilome">{{Cite web |author=iLomé Team |title=CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé (Tokoin) |url=https://www.ilomecity.com/annuaire/chu-sylvanus-olympio-lome/ |website=iLomé City |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="staar" />. Abanyeshuri bahakorera imyitozo yo kwa muganga n'amahugurwa yihariye mu mashami atandukanye. === Ubushakashatsi === CHU Sylvanus Olympio ikorerwamo kandi [[Ubushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi|ubushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi]] n'ubwa siyansi. Mu mashami yayo hakorerwa inyigo za kaminuza n'ubushakashatsi bukorerwa ku barwayi<ref name="jo" /><ref name="ilome" /><ref name="staar" />. == Serivisi n'ibikoresho == CHU Sylvanus Olympio igizwe n'amashami y'ubuvuzi, kubaga, kuvura abana n'ubuvuzi bw'abagore n'ibyerekeye kubyara, hamwe na serivisi zo gusuzuma indwara na farumasi<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. Serivisi zifasha mu gusuzuma zirimo anatomie na cytologie pathologiques, biochimie, hématologie na immunologie, histologie-embryologie, bactériologie, virologie na parasitologie. Ikigo gifite kandi radiologie, imaging y'ubuvuzi na [[Farumasi|farumasi y'ibitaro]]<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. == Kuvugurura ibitaro == CHU Sylvanus Olympio yagiye ivugururwa mu rwego rwo kunoza inyubako n'ibikoresho byayo. Mu 2022, [[Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Iterambere]] (PNUD) ryagize uruhare mu gusana no guha ibikoresho ishami rishinzwe kwakira indembe zikeneye kubagwa<ref name="undp">{{Cite web |title=Togo: le PNUD rénove le service des urgences du CHU SO |url=https://www.undp.org/fr/togo/actualites/togo-le-pnud-renove-le-service-des-urgences-du-chu-so |website=Programme des Nations unies pour le développement |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Imirimo yamaze amezi cumi n'abiri, irimo gusana inyubako, gutunganya icyumba cyo kubagiramo no gushyiramo ibikoresho bishya by'ubuvuzi. Yatwaye amafaranga arenga miliyoni 200 z'[[Ifaranga rya CFA|amafaranga CFA]], kandi ubushobozi bw'ishami ry'indembe zikeneye kubagwa bwavuye ku bitanda 12 bugera kuri 30<ref name="undp" />. Ibitaro byanashyizwemo scanner mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bw'imaging y'ubuvuzi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Togo: Enfin un scanner au CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://togobreakingnews.info/togo-enfin-scanner-au-chu-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=Togo Breaking News |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. == Imiyoborere n'ubushobozi == CHU Sylvanus Olympio iri ku butaka bwa hegitari zigera ku 10 mu gace ka [[Tokoin]] i [[Lomé]]<ref name="dagl" /><ref name="togofirst">{{Cite web |title=Grande entrée CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://www.togofirst.com/photos/liens/Grande-entree-CHU-Sylvanus-Olympio-471 |website=Togo First |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Ifite ubushobozi bw'ibitaro bwagenwe ku bitanda {{formatnum:1138}}, kandi ikoresha abakozi barenga {{formatnum:1000}}<ref name="togofirst" />. Mu 2017, mu ivugurura ry'imicungire y'ibitaro rishingiye ku masezerano, CHU-SO yasobanuwe nk'ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzima gatozi n'ubwigenge mu micungire y'imari. Icyo gihe ubushobozi bwari ibitanda {{formatnum:1138}}, muri byo {{formatnum:830}} bikaba ari byo byakoraga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le président de la République lance au CHU-Sylvanus Olympio l’approche contractuelle pour une meilleure qualité des soins |url=https://togopresse.tg/lapproche-contractuelle-lancee-au-chu-so-par-le-president-de-la-republique-faure-gnassingbe/ |website=Togo Presse |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>, naho abakozi bari {{formatnum:1271}}<ref name="togofirst" />. == Reba kandi == * [[Centre hospitalier régional de Lomé-Commune]] * [[Ubuzima muri Togo]] * [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]] == Inkomoko == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commonscat|Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio}} [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro bya kaminuza]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro muri Togo]] [[Ikiciro:Kaminuza ya Lomé]] [[Ikiciro:Ibigo byashinzwe mu 1954]] <!-- Inyandiko shingiro yatanzwe n'ukoresha: :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} --> 04nfv3n8n7f74hgv5aoqoa0psgl5ai6 139400 139399 2026-09-23T09:18:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 139400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio | image = [[File:CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé 003jpg.jpg|250px]] | caption = CHU Sylvanus Olympio i [[Lomé]] | label1 = Andi mazina | data1 = CHU-Tokoin; CHU-SO | label2 = Yafunguwe | data2 = 1954 | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Ibitaro bya kaminuza bya Leta | label4 = Inshingano | data4 = [[Ubuzima|Ubuvuzi]], inyigisho n'[[Ubushakashatsi|ubushakashatsi]] | label5 = Icyicaro | data5 = 198, rue de l'Hôpital, [[Lomé]], [[Togo]] | label6 = Umuyobozi mukuru | data6 = Agbobli Yawo Apélété | label7 = Ubushobozi | data7 = Ibitanda {{formatnum:1138}} | label8 = Abakozi | data8 = Barenga {{formatnum:1000}} (2024) | label9 = Kaminuza ifatanya na yo | data9 = [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]] }} '''Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio''' ('''CHU Sylvanus-Olympio''' cyangwa '''CHU-SO''') ni ibitaro bya Leta biri i [[Lomé]] muri [[Togo]]. Ni kimwe mu bigo bikomeye by'ubuvuzi byifashishwa mu koherezamo abarwayi muri Togo. Bitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi, bikigishirizwamo abaganga kandi bigakorerwamo ubushakashatsi ku bufatanye n'Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bw'Ubuzima rya [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]]. == Amateka == Kubaka ibi bitaro byatangiye mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1940. Ibuye ry'ifatizo ryashyizweho ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 1949, maze ibitaro bifungurwa mu 1954<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |title=République togolaise |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/content/download/73470/1846170/1 |website=Republicoftogo.com |date=2015-08-30 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="dagl">{{Cite web |last=Yaovi |first=AGBONON Kankoe |title=Mme Zouréhatou KASSAH-TRAORE prend contact avec le Directeur Général du CHU SO et son staff |url=https://dagl.tg/index.php/articles/113-mme-zourehatou-kassah-traore-prend-contact-avec-le-directeur-general-du-chu-so-et-son-staff |website=DAGL |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>, icyo gihe byitwaga ''Centre national hospitalier'' (CNH)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historique du CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://chuso.tg/historique-du-chu-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=CHU Sylvanus Olympio |date=2008-04-08 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Mu 1971, ubwo hashyirwagaho ishuri ry'ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza ya Bénin yaje guhinduka [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]], ikigo cyahawe urwego rw'ibitaro bya kaminuza, cyitwa ''Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé-Tokoin''. Icyo cyemezo cyemejwe n'iteka nimero 71-184 ryo ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1971<ref name="jo">{{Cite web |title=Journal Officiel de la République togolaise |url=https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/tog92863.pdf |website=FAOLEX |format=PDF |date=1971-12-16 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Ku wa 26 Mata 2012, ibitaro byiswe ''Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio'', mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro [[Sylvanus Olympio]], wabaye perezida wa mbere wa Togo<ref>{{Cite web |author=togoactualite.com |title=Le CHU-Tokoin rebaptisé « Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio » |url=https://togoactualite.com/le-chu-tokoin-rebaptise-centre-hospitalier-universitaire-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=Togo Actualité |date=2012-04-27 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Iryo zina ryemejwe n'iteka nimero 2012-020/PR<ref name="rep" />. == Inshingano == CHU Sylvanus Olympio ifite inshingano eshatu z'ibanze: gutanga ubuvuzi, kwigisha no gukora ubushakashatsi<ref name="staar">{{Cite web |title=Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://www.staarmuc.org/pages/vous-informer/universitaire-prive/centre-hospitalier-universitaire-sylvanus-olympio.html |website=STAARMUC |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. === Ubuvuzi === Ibitaro byakira abarwayi baza kwisuzumisha n'abakeneye kuryamishwa, kandi bikita ku ndwara n'impanuka byihutirwa, harimo n'ibisaba [[Kubaga|kubagwa]]. Bitanga ubuvuzi rusange n'ubw'inzobere<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest">{{Cite web |title=CHU Sylvanus OLYMPIO - Destination Togo |url=https://destination-togo.com/fr/services/health/chu-sylvanus-olympio |website=Destination Togo |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Mu mashami y'ubuvuzi harimo ay'indwara z'umutima, ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mubiri, endocrinologie, indwara z'impyiko, iz'imyakura, iz'ubuhumekero, rubagimpande n'indwara zandura. Hari kandi anesthésie-réanimation, kubaga rusange, kubaga abana, neurochirurgie, [[Ubuvuzi bw'amaso|ubuvuzi bw'amaso]], oto-rhino-laryngologie, urologie-andrologie n'ubuvuzi bw'imvune n'amagufwa<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. CHU-SO ifite kandi serivisi z'ubuvuzi bw'abagore n'ibyerekeye kubyara, iz'abana n'abana bavutse imburagihe, laboratwari n'[[Imaging y'ubuvuzi|imaging y'ubuvuzi]]<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. === Inyigisho === Ibitaro bigira uruhare mu guhugura abanyeshuri n'abaganga bari mu myitozo mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ubuvuzi<ref name="jo" /><ref name="dest" />, ku bufatanye n'Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bw'Ubuzima rya Kaminuza ya Lomé<ref name="ilome">{{Cite web |author=iLomé Team |title=CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé (Tokoin) |url=https://www.ilomecity.com/annuaire/chu-sylvanus-olympio-lome/ |website=iLomé City |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="staar" />. Abanyeshuri bahakorera imyitozo yo kwa muganga n'amahugurwa yihariye mu mashami atandukanye. === Ubushakashatsi === CHU Sylvanus Olympio ikorerwamo kandi [[Ubushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi|ubushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi]] n'ubwa siyansi. Mu mashami yayo hakorerwa inyigo za kaminuza n'ubushakashatsi bukorerwa ku barwayi<ref name="jo" /><ref name="ilome" /><ref name="staar" />. == Serivisi n'ibikoresho == CHU Sylvanus Olympio igizwe n'amashami y'ubuvuzi, kubaga, kuvura abana n'ubuvuzi bw'abagore n'ibyerekeye kubyara, hamwe na serivisi zo gusuzuma indwara na farumasi<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. Serivisi zifasha mu gusuzuma zirimo anatomie na cytologie pathologiques, biochimie, hématologie na immunologie, histologie-embryologie, bactériologie, virologie na parasitologie. Ikigo gifite kandi radiologie, imaging y'ubuvuzi na [[Farumasi|farumasi y'ibitaro]]<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. == Kuvugurura ibitaro == CHU Sylvanus Olympio yagiye ivugururwa mu rwego rwo kunoza inyubako n'ibikoresho byayo. Mu 2022, [[Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Iterambere]] (PNUD) ryagize uruhare mu gusana no guha ibikoresho ishami rishinzwe kwakira indembe zikeneye kubagwa<ref name="undp">{{Cite web |title=Togo: le PNUD rénove le service des urgences du CHU SO |url=https://www.undp.org/fr/togo/actualites/togo-le-pnud-renove-le-service-des-urgences-du-chu-so |website=Programme des Nations unies pour le développement |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Imirimo yamaze amezi cumi n'abiri, irimo gusana inyubako, gutunganya icyumba cyo kubagiramo no gushyiramo ibikoresho bishya by'ubuvuzi. Yatwaye amafaranga arenga miliyoni 200 z'[[Ifaranga rya CFA|amafaranga CFA]], kandi ubushobozi bw'ishami ry'indembe zikeneye kubagwa bwavuye ku bitanda 12 bugera kuri 30<ref name="undp" />. Ibitaro byanashyizwemo scanner mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bw'imaging y'ubuvuzi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Togo: Enfin un scanner au CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://togobreakingnews.info/togo-enfin-scanner-au-chu-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=Togo Breaking News |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. == Imiyoborere n'ubushobozi == CHU Sylvanus Olympio iri ku butaka bwa hegitari zigera ku 10 mu gace ka [[Tokoin]] i [[Lomé]]<ref name="dagl" /><ref name="togofirst">{{Cite web |title=Grande entrée CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://www.togofirst.com/photos/liens/Grande-entree-CHU-Sylvanus-Olympio-471 |website=Togo First |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Ifite ubushobozi bw'ibitaro bwagenwe ku bitanda {{formatnum:1138}}, kandi ikoresha abakozi barenga {{formatnum:1000}}<ref name="togofirst" />. Mu 2017, mu ivugurura ry'imicungire y'ibitaro rishingiye ku masezerano, CHU-SO yasobanuwe nk'ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzima gatozi n'ubwigenge mu micungire y'imari. Icyo gihe ubushobozi bwari ibitanda {{formatnum:1138}}, muri byo {{formatnum:830}} bikaba ari byo byakoraga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le président de la République lance au CHU-Sylvanus Olympio l’approche contractuelle pour une meilleure qualité des soins |url=https://togopresse.tg/lapproche-contractuelle-lancee-au-chu-so-par-le-president-de-la-republique-faure-gnassingbe/ |website=Togo Presse |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>, naho abakozi bari {{formatnum:1271}}<ref name="togofirst" />. == Reba kandi == * [[Centre hospitalier régional de Lomé-Commune]] * [[Ubuzima muri Togo]] * [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]] == Inkomoko == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commonscat|Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio}}<!-- Inyandiko shingiro yatanzwe n'ukoresha: :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} --> tgxgibdunyps5vog8v9enxd46bl76s6 139401 139400 2026-09-23T09:18:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 139401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio | image = [[File:CHU Sylvanus Olympio Lomé 003jpg.jpg|250px]] | caption = CHU Sylvanus Olympio i [[Lomé]] | label1 = Andi mazina | data1 = CHU-Tokoin; CHU-SO | label2 = Yafunguwe | data2 = 1954 | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Ibitaro bya kaminuza bya Leta | label4 = Inshingano | data4 = [[Ubuzima|Ubuvuzi]], inyigisho n'[[Ubushakashatsi|ubushakashatsi]] | label5 = Icyicaro | data5 = 198, rue de l'Hôpital, [[Lomé]], [[Togo]] | label6 = Umuyobozi mukuru | data6 = Agbobli Yawo Apélété | label7 = Ubushobozi | data7 = Ibitanda {{formatnum:1138}} | label8 = Abakozi | data8 = Barenga {{formatnum:1000}} (2024) | label9 = Kaminuza ifatanya na yo | data9 = [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]] }} '''Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio''' ('''CHU Sylvanus-Olympio''' cyangwa '''CHU-SO''') ni ibitaro bya Leta biri i [[Lomé]] muri [[Togo]]. Ni kimwe mu bigo bikomeye by'ubuvuzi byifashishwa mu koherezamo abarwayi muri Togo. Bitanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi, bikigishirizwamo abaganga kandi bigakorerwamo ubushakashatsi ku bufatanye n'Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bw'Ubuzima rya [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]]. == Amateka == Kubaka ibi bitaro byatangiye mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1940. Ibuye ry'ifatizo ryashyizweho ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 1949, maze ibitaro bifungurwa mu 1954<ref name="rep">{{Cite web |title=République togolaise |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/content/download/73470/1846170/1 |website=Republicoftogo.com |date=2015-08-30 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="dagl">{{Cite web |last=Yaovi |first=AGBONON Kankoe |title=Mme Zouréhatou KASSAH-TRAORE prend contact avec le Directeur Général du CHU SO et son staff |url=https://dagl.tg/index.php/articles/113-mme-zourehatou-kassah-traore-prend-contact-avec-le-directeur-general-du-chu-so-et-son-staff |website=DAGL |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>, icyo gihe byitwaga ''Centre national hospitalier'' (CNH)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historique du CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://chuso.tg/historique-du-chu-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=CHU Sylvanus Olympio |date=2008-04-08 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Mu 1971, ubwo hashyirwagaho ishuri ry'ubuvuzi muri Kaminuza ya Bénin yaje guhinduka [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]], ikigo cyahawe urwego rw'ibitaro bya kaminuza, cyitwa ''Centre hospitalier universitaire de Lomé-Tokoin''. Icyo cyemezo cyemejwe n'iteka nimero 71-184 ryo ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1971<ref name="jo">{{Cite web |title=Journal Officiel de la République togolaise |url=https://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/tog92863.pdf |website=FAOLEX |format=PDF |date=1971-12-16 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Ku wa 26 Mata 2012, ibitaro byiswe ''Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio'', mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro [[Sylvanus Olympio]], wabaye perezida wa mbere wa Togo<ref>{{Cite web |author=togoactualite.com |title=Le CHU-Tokoin rebaptisé « Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio » |url=https://togoactualite.com/le-chu-tokoin-rebaptise-centre-hospitalier-universitaire-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=Togo Actualité |date=2012-04-27 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Iryo zina ryemejwe n'iteka nimero 2012-020/PR<ref name="rep" />. == Inshingano == CHU Sylvanus Olympio ifite inshingano eshatu z'ibanze: gutanga ubuvuzi, kwigisha no gukora ubushakashatsi<ref name="staar">{{Cite web |title=Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://www.staarmuc.org/pages/vous-informer/universitaire-prive/centre-hospitalier-universitaire-sylvanus-olympio.html |website=STAARMUC |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. === Ubuvuzi === Ibitaro byakira abarwayi baza kwisuzumisha n'abakeneye kuryamishwa, kandi bikita ku ndwara n'impanuka byihutirwa, harimo n'ibisaba [[Kubaga|kubagwa]]. Bitanga ubuvuzi rusange n'ubw'inzobere<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest">{{Cite web |title=CHU Sylvanus OLYMPIO - Destination Togo |url=https://destination-togo.com/fr/services/health/chu-sylvanus-olympio |website=Destination Togo |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Mu mashami y'ubuvuzi harimo ay'indwara z'umutima, ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mubiri, endocrinologie, indwara z'impyiko, iz'imyakura, iz'ubuhumekero, rubagimpande n'indwara zandura. Hari kandi anesthésie-réanimation, kubaga rusange, kubaga abana, neurochirurgie, [[Ubuvuzi bw'amaso|ubuvuzi bw'amaso]], oto-rhino-laryngologie, urologie-andrologie n'ubuvuzi bw'imvune n'amagufwa<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. CHU-SO ifite kandi serivisi z'ubuvuzi bw'abagore n'ibyerekeye kubyara, iz'abana n'abana bavutse imburagihe, laboratwari n'[[Imaging y'ubuvuzi|imaging y'ubuvuzi]]<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. === Inyigisho === Ibitaro bigira uruhare mu guhugura abanyeshuri n'abaganga bari mu myitozo mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ubuvuzi<ref name="jo" /><ref name="dest" />, ku bufatanye n'Ishami ry'Ubumenyi bw'Ubuzima rya Kaminuza ya Lomé<ref name="ilome">{{Cite web |author=iLomé Team |title=CHU Sylvanus Olympio de Lomé (Tokoin) |url=https://www.ilomecity.com/annuaire/chu-sylvanus-olympio-lome/ |website=iLomé City |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="staar" />. Abanyeshuri bahakorera imyitozo yo kwa muganga n'amahugurwa yihariye mu mashami atandukanye. === Ubushakashatsi === CHU Sylvanus Olympio ikorerwamo kandi [[Ubushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi|ubushakashatsi bw'ubuvuzi]] n'ubwa siyansi. Mu mashami yayo hakorerwa inyigo za kaminuza n'ubushakashatsi bukorerwa ku barwayi<ref name="jo" /><ref name="ilome" /><ref name="staar" />. == Serivisi n'ibikoresho == CHU Sylvanus Olympio igizwe n'amashami y'ubuvuzi, kubaga, kuvura abana n'ubuvuzi bw'abagore n'ibyerekeye kubyara, hamwe na serivisi zo gusuzuma indwara na farumasi<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. Serivisi zifasha mu gusuzuma zirimo anatomie na cytologie pathologiques, biochimie, hématologie na immunologie, histologie-embryologie, bactériologie, virologie na parasitologie. Ikigo gifite kandi radiologie, imaging y'ubuvuzi na [[Farumasi|farumasi y'ibitaro]]<ref name="staar" /><ref name="dest" />. == Kuvugurura ibitaro == CHU Sylvanus Olympio yagiye ivugururwa mu rwego rwo kunoza inyubako n'ibikoresho byayo. Mu 2022, [[Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Iterambere]] (PNUD) ryagize uruhare mu gusana no guha ibikoresho ishami rishinzwe kwakira indembe zikeneye kubagwa<ref name="undp">{{Cite web |title=Togo: le PNUD rénove le service des urgences du CHU SO |url=https://www.undp.org/fr/togo/actualites/togo-le-pnud-renove-le-service-des-urgences-du-chu-so |website=Programme des Nations unies pour le développement |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Imirimo yamaze amezi cumi n'abiri, irimo gusana inyubako, gutunganya icyumba cyo kubagiramo no gushyiramo ibikoresho bishya by'ubuvuzi. Yatwaye amafaranga arenga miliyoni 200 z'[[Ifaranga rya CFA|amafaranga CFA]], kandi ubushobozi bw'ishami ry'indembe zikeneye kubagwa bwavuye ku bitanda 12 bugera kuri 30<ref name="undp" />. Ibitaro byanashyizwemo scanner mu rwego rwo kongera ubushobozi bw'imaging y'ubuvuzi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Togo: Enfin un scanner au CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://togobreakingnews.info/togo-enfin-scanner-au-chu-sylvanus-olympio/ |website=Togo Breaking News |date=2023-07-10 |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. == Imiyoborere n'ubushobozi == CHU Sylvanus Olympio iri ku butaka bwa hegitari zigera ku 10 mu gace ka [[Tokoin]] i [[Lomé]]<ref name="dagl" /><ref name="togofirst">{{Cite web |title=Grande entrée CHU Sylvanus Olympio |url=https://www.togofirst.com/photos/liens/Grande-entree-CHU-Sylvanus-Olympio-471 |website=Togo First |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>. Ifite ubushobozi bw'ibitaro bwagenwe ku bitanda {{formatnum:1138}}, kandi ikoresha abakozi barenga {{formatnum:1000}}<ref name="togofirst" />. Mu 2017, mu ivugurura ry'imicungire y'ibitaro rishingiye ku masezerano, CHU-SO yasobanuwe nk'ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzima gatozi n'ubwigenge mu micungire y'imari. Icyo gihe ubushobozi bwari ibitanda {{formatnum:1138}}, muri byo {{formatnum:830}} bikaba ari byo byakoraga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Le président de la République lance au CHU-Sylvanus Olympio l’approche contractuelle pour une meilleure qualité des soins |url=https://togopresse.tg/lapproche-contractuelle-lancee-au-chu-so-par-le-president-de-la-republique-faure-gnassingbe/ |website=Togo Presse |access-date=2026-09-19 |language=fr}}</ref>, naho abakozi bari {{formatnum:1271}}<ref name="togofirst" />. == Reba kandi == * [[Centre hospitalier régional de Lomé-Commune]] * [[Ubuzima muri Togo]] * [[Kaminuza ya Lomé]] == Inkomoko == {{Reflist}} == Imiyoboro yo hanze == {{Commonscat|Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Centre hospitalier universitaire Sylvanus Olympio}}<!-- Inyandiko shingiro yatanzwe n'ukoresha: :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0} --> [[Ikiciro:Togo]] a7buo38cwxklpdyr6i9xmhmb43yiqh8 0 23107 139402 2026-09-23T09:32:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui | birth_date = 9 Kanama 1988 | death_date = 27 Kanama 2026 | death_place = [[Libreville]], [[Gabon]] | nationality = Umunyagaboni | occupation = [[Umunyamakuru]] | education = [[Université Omar-Bongo]] | employer = ''L'Union'' }} '''Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui''' (9 Kanama 1988 – 27 Kanama 2026) yari [[umunyamakuru]] wo muri [[Gabon]]. Yakoreye cyane ikinyamakuru ''L'Union'', aho yabaye umunyamakuru, umwandits..." 139402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui | birth_date = 9 Kanama 1988 | death_date = 27 Kanama 2026 | death_place = [[Libreville]], [[Gabon]] | nationality = Umunyagaboni | occupation = [[Umunyamakuru]] | education = [[Université Omar-Bongo]] | employer = ''L'Union'' }} '''Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui''' (9 Kanama 1988 – 27 Kanama 2026) yari [[umunyamakuru]] wo muri [[Gabon]]. Yakoreye cyane ikinyamakuru ''L'Union'', aho yabaye umunyamakuru, umwanditsi w'inkuru zihoraho ndetse akanagira uruhare mu guteza imbere itangazamakuru ryacyo ryo kuri interineti. == Ubuzima == === Amashuri n'intangiriro z'umwuga === Hombenet Anvingui yize muri [[Université Omar-Bongo]] i [[Libreville]], ahakura impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'itumanaho n'itangazamakuru.<ref name="union-hommage">{{Cite web |url=https://www.union.sonapresse.com/fr/hommage-rudy-hombenet-anvingui-rha |title=Hommage à Rudy Hombenet Anvingui (RHA) |last=Ndembet |first=Lin Joël |website=L'Union |date=2026-08-28 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref><ref name="kumba">{{Cite web |url=https://kumba.media/articles/rudy-hombenet-journaliste-gabonaise-primee-seteint-a-35-ans-apres-une-decennie-de-combats-pour-la-sante-et-leducation |title=Rudy Hombenet, journaliste gabonaise primée… |website=KUMBA |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu rwego rwo kongera ubumenyi bw'umwuga, yanitabiriye amahugurwa yo hanze y'igihugu, harimo ayo yakoreye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].<ref name="gabonmail">{{Cite web |url=https://gabonmailinfos.com/gabon-la-plume-de-rudy-hombenet-anvingui-seteint-prematurement/ |title=Gabon : la plume de Rudy Hombenet Anvingui s'éteint prématurément |last=Oyabi |first=Roland Olouba |website=Gabon Mail Infos |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> === Umwuga === Hombenet Anvingui wakomokaga i [[Moanda (Gabon)|Moanda]], yatangiye gukora mu bitangazamakuru mbere yo kujya muri ''L'Union''. Mu 2016 yatangiye kuhakorera nk'umunyamakuru wigenga, aza guhabwa akazi gahoraho muri Nyakanga 2019.<ref name="congoprofond">{{Cite web |url=https://congoprofond.net/gabon-la-journaliste-rudy-hombenet-anvingui-laureate-des-makongonio-2026-sera-inhumee-ce-samedi/ |title=Gabon : La journaliste Rudy Hombenet Anvingui, lauréate des Makongonio 2026, sera inhumée ce samedi |last=Mukaya |first=Mookie |website=Congo Profond |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref><ref name="kumba" /> Yibandaga cyane ku ngingo z'imibereho y'abaturage, zirimo [[uburezi]], uburenganzira bw'abagore, ikoranabuhanga n'[[ubuzima rusange]]. Muri ''L'Union'' yakoze nk'umunyamakuru n'umwanditsi w'inkuru z'ubuzima, ndetse agira uruhare mu guteza imbere urubuga rw'ikinyamakuru n'ibindi bikorwa byacyo byo kuri interineti.<ref name="congoprofond" /><ref name="union-hommage" /> Yanagize uruhare mu gutegura uburyo bushya bwo gutangaza amakuru, burimo ibiganiro ''Face à L'Union'' na ''L'U Express''.<ref name="congoprofond" /> == Ibihembo == Muri Kamena 2026, Hombenet Anvingui yahawe igihembo cy'umunyamakuru mwiza w'itangazamakuru ryanditse mu bihembo bya Makongonio, bigenewe abanyamakuru bo muri Gabon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gabonreview.com/medias-rudy-hombenet-une-plume-seteint-au-sommet-de-sa-reconnaissance/ |title=[Médias] Rudy Hombenet : une plume s’éteint au sommet de sa reconnaissance |website=GabonReview |date=2026-08-28 |access-date=2026-09-23 |language=fr }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gabonmediatime.com/necrologie-la-journaliste-rudy-hombenet-nest-plus/ |title=Nécrologie : la journaliste Rudy Hombenet n'est plus ! |last=Essone |first=Lyonnel Mbeng |website=Gabon Media Time |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> == Urupfu == Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui yapfiriye i [[Libreville]] mu ijoro ryo ku wa 26 rishyira ku wa 27 Kanama 2026, afite imyaka 38.<ref name="gabonmail" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.union.sonapresse.com/fr/necrologie-rudy-hombenet-nest-plus |title=Nécrologie : Rudy Hombenet n'est plus |last=Alomo |first=Line |website=L'Union |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-23 |language=fr }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://union.sonapresse.com/fr/obseques-lhommage-poignant-de-la-corporation-rudy |title=Obsèques : l'hommage poignant de la corporation à Rudy |website=L'Union |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Itangazamakuru muri Gabon]] * [[Gabon]] == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anvingui, Rudy Ursula Hombenet}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Category:Abavutse mu 1988]] [[Category:Abapfuye mu 2026]] [[Category:Abantu bo muri Gabon]] j89k7z6gjyknh0ucakj4k7tcd496g6d 139403 139402 2026-09-23T09:34:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 139403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui | birth_date = 9 Kanama 1988 | death_date = 27 Kanama 2026 | death_place = [[Libreville]], [[Gabon]] | nationality = Umunyagaboni | occupation = [[Umunyamakuru]] | education = [[Université Omar-Bongo]] | employer = ''L'Union'' }} '''Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui''' (9 Kanama 1988 – 27 Kanama 2026) yari [[umunyamakuru]] wo muri [[Gabon]]. Yakoreye cyane ikinyamakuru ''L'Union'', aho yabaye umunyamakuru, umwanditsi w'inkuru zihoraho ndetse akanagira uruhare mu guteza imbere itangazamakuru ryacyo ryo kuri interineti. == Ubuzima == === Amashuri n'intangiriro z'umwuga === Hombenet Anvingui yize muri [[Université Omar-Bongo]] i [[Libreville]], ahakura impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n'itumanaho n'itangazamakuru.<ref name="union-hommage">{{Cite web |url=https://www.union.sonapresse.com/fr/hommage-rudy-hombenet-anvingui-rha |title=Hommage à Rudy Hombenet Anvingui (RHA) |last=Ndembet |first=Lin Joël |website=L'Union |date=2026-08-28 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref><ref name="kumba">{{Cite web |url=https://kumba.media/articles/rudy-hombenet-journaliste-gabonaise-primee-seteint-a-35-ans-apres-une-decennie-de-combats-pour-la-sante-et-leducation |title=Rudy Hombenet, journaliste gabonaise primée… |website=KUMBA |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu rwego rwo kongera ubumenyi bw'umwuga, yanitabiriye amahugurwa yo hanze y'igihugu, harimo ayo yakoreye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].<ref name="gabonmail">{{Cite web |url=https://gabonmailinfos.com/gabon-la-plume-de-rudy-hombenet-anvingui-seteint-prematurement/ |title=Gabon : la plume de Rudy Hombenet Anvingui s'éteint prématurément |last=Oyabi |first=Roland Olouba |website=Gabon Mail Infos |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> === Umwuga === Hombenet Anvingui wakomokaga i [[Moanda (Gabon)|Moanda]], yatangiye gukora mu bitangazamakuru mbere yo kujya muri ''L'Union''. Mu 2016 yatangiye kuhakorera nk'umunyamakuru wigenga, aza guhabwa akazi gahoraho muri Nyakanga 2019.<ref name="congoprofond">{{Cite web |url=https://congoprofond.net/gabon-la-journaliste-rudy-hombenet-anvingui-laureate-des-makongonio-2026-sera-inhumee-ce-samedi/ |title=Gabon : La journaliste Rudy Hombenet Anvingui, lauréate des Makongonio 2026, sera inhumée ce samedi |last=Mukaya |first=Mookie |website=Congo Profond |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref><ref name="kumba" /> Yibandaga cyane ku ngingo z'imibereho y'abaturage, zirimo [[uburezi]], uburenganzira bw'abagore, ikoranabuhanga n'[[ubuzima rusange]]. Muri ''L'Union'' yakoze nk'umunyamakuru n'umwanditsi w'inkuru z'ubuzima, ndetse agira uruhare mu guteza imbere urubuga rw'ikinyamakuru n'ibindi bikorwa byacyo byo kuri interineti.<ref name="congoprofond" /><ref name="union-hommage" /> Yanagize uruhare mu gutegura uburyo bushya bwo gutangaza amakuru, burimo ibiganiro ''Face à L'Union'' na ''L'U Express''.<ref name="congoprofond" /> == Ibihembo == Muri Kamena 2026, Hombenet Anvingui yahawe igihembo cy'umunyamakuru mwiza w'itangazamakuru ryanditse mu bihembo bya Makongonio, bigenewe abanyamakuru bo muri Gabon.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gabonreview.com/medias-rudy-hombenet-une-plume-seteint-au-sommet-de-sa-reconnaissance/ |title=[Médias] Rudy Hombenet : une plume s’éteint au sommet de sa reconnaissance |website=GabonReview |date=2026-08-28 |access-date=2026-09-23 |language=fr }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://gabonmediatime.com/necrologie-la-journaliste-rudy-hombenet-nest-plus/ |title=Nécrologie : la journaliste Rudy Hombenet n'est plus ! |last=Essone |first=Lyonnel Mbeng |website=Gabon Media Time |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> == Urupfu == Rudy Ursula Hombenet Anvingui yapfiriye i [[Libreville]] mu ijoro ryo ku wa 26 rishyira ku wa 27 Kanama 2026, afite imyaka 38.<ref name="gabonmail" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.union.sonapresse.com/fr/necrologie-rudy-hombenet-nest-plus |title=Nécrologie : Rudy Hombenet n'est plus |last=Alomo |first=Line |website=L'Union |date=2026-08-27 |access-date=2026-09-23 |language=fr }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://union.sonapresse.com/fr/obseques-lhommage-poignant-de-la-corporation-rudy |title=Obsèques : l'hommage poignant de la corporation à Rudy |website=L'Union |access-date=2026-09-21 |language=fr }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Itangazamakuru muri Gabon]] * [[Gabon]] == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Anvingui, Rudy Ursula Hombenet}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyamakuru]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 2tjvf9u63gvrlw64f7veg3jrq0wlnkm 0 23108 139521 2026-09-23T10:28:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "[[File:KamembeGenocideMemorial02.jpg|thumb|300px|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe, 22 Kanama 2025]] '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe''' ni urwibutso ruherereye i [[Kamembe]], mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], by'umwihariko abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]]. Kuri uru rwibutso han..." 139521 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:KamembeGenocideMemorial02.jpg|thumb|300px|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe, 22 Kanama 2025]] '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe''' ni urwibutso ruherereye i [[Kamembe]], mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], by'umwihariko abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]]. Kuri uru rwibutso hanabera ibikorwa ngarukamwaka byo [[Kwibuka]]. == Aho ruherereye == [[File:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe ruherereye hafi ya Stade Kamarampaka, mu Murenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi, mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Ni rumwe mu nzibutso n'ahantu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. == Amateka == === Ihohoterwa ryabaye mbere ya 1994 === Kamembe yari mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Raporo ya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) igaragaza ko ihohoterwa ryibasiye Abatutsi muri ako gace ryatangiye kuva mu 1959, rikongera gukaza umurego mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973.<ref name="CNLG">{{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }}</ref> Mu mvurugu zo hagati ya 1959 na 1961, Abatutsi barishwe, barameneshwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa cyangwa irangizwa, bituma bamwe bahungira mu [[Burundi]] no mu cyahoze ari [[Zaïre]]. Mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973, ubwicanyi, kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu mirimo ndetse no kwamburwa imitungo byongeye kwibasira Abatutsi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu 1973, mbere y'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi bwa [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] na [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yibasiwe n'imvururu zikomeye. Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri no mu kazi, imidugudu yabo iratwikwa kandi imitungo yabo irasahurwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> Kuva mu 1990, Abatutsi bo muri ako gace bakomeje gutotezwa no gufungwa bashinjwa gukorana n'Inkotanyi. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko ibinyamakuru birimo ''Kangura'' na ''Imvaho'' byakwirakwizwaga muri perefegitura mu gihe imvugo zibiba urwango zakazaga umurego.<ref name="CNLG" /> === Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Kamembe === Mu 1994, Komini Kamembe yari icyicaro cya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kirimo inzego z'ubuyobozi bwa gisivili n'iza gisirikare. Inkambi ya gisirikare ya Karambo yayoborwaga na Lieutenant-colonel Samuel Imanishimwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu mujyi wa Kamembe ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Mu bantu ba mbere bishwe harimo Dr Ignace Nagapfizi, wari umuyobozi w'ubuvuzi mu karere ka Cyangugu akaba n'umunyamuryango wa PL. Yiciwe hafi y'urugo rwe i Mucyo. Abandi Batutsi bari bazwi mu mujyi, barimo Karangwa, Anicet Niyonzima, Ndayisaba n'umuryango we na Kongo, na bo barishwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwahise bukwira mu bice bitandukanye bya komini. Abatutsi biciwe ahantu harimo Kadasomwa, Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Gatovu no mu bindi bice by'umujyi wa Kamembe. Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, bamwe mu Batutsi bari bahunze bava muri Komini Gisuma biciwe i Kadasomwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> [[File:KamembeGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|374px|Stade Kamarampaka, hafi y'urwibutso, hamwe mu hiciwe Abatutsi mu 1994, 22 Kanama 2025]] Hari kandi bariyeri nyinshi zari mu mujyi wa Kamembe, zirimo iyari i Cyapa ku muhanda wa kaburimbo. Iyo bariyeri yari yarashyizweho nyuma y'igitero cya FPR-Inkotanyi cyo mu Ukwakira 1990. Yacungwaga mbere n'abajandarume, nyuma iza gucungwa n'Interahamwe, ikomeza gukora kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu bayobozi bashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo harimo bamwe mu bayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, abayobozi b'ingabo n'aba jandarumeri hamwe n'abari mu buyobozi bwa Komini Kamembe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Inyandiko zerekeye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zigaragaza ko ubwicanyi bwakomeje mu gihe cya Jenoside kandi ko inzego zitandukanye z'ubuyobozi zagize uruhare mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.<ref>{{cite web |title=19.09.2001 - TPIR/Cyangugu - Cyangugu était politiquement homogène pendant le Génocide, selon un expert |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-18 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6409-19092001-tpircyangugu-cyangugu-etait-politiquement-homogene-pendant-le-genocide-selon-un-exp3199.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Ubuhamya bw'abacitse ku icumu na bwo bugaragaza ubwicanyi n'itotezwa byabereye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Testimony of Venancia, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide |website=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/assets/pdf/survivor-testimonies/47%20-%20Venancia%202009.pdf |format=PDF |language=en }}</ref> Nyuma ya Jenoside, ahantu hari imibiri y'abishwe n'imva rusange byakomeje kuvumburwa mu bice bitandukanye bya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gabiro |first=Gabriel |title=Cyangugu se redécouvre, dix ans après le génocide |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2004-03-02 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/7455-cyangugu-se-redecouvre-dix-ans-apres-le-genocide-par-gabriel-gabiro4245.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> === Urubanza rwa Cyangugu === Mu bantu bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu baburanishijwe kubera ibyaha bijyanye na Jenoside harimo Samuel Imanishimwe, wahoze ayobora inkambi ya Karambo. Mu rubanza rwe imbere y'[[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda|Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]], ubushinjacyaha bwamushinje ibikorwa by'ubugome birimo n'ibirego byo kurya abantu.<ref>{{cite web |title=TPIR/Cyangugu - L'ancien commandant Imanishimwe accusé de cannibalisme |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-09 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6453-10092001-tpircyangugu-lancien-commandant-imanishimwe-accuse-de-cannibalisme3243.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu bandi bayobozi baburanishijwe harimo Emmanuel Bagambiki, wahoze ari perefe wa Cyangugu, waje kugirwa umwere n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko bamwe mu bayobozi b'amakomini, barimo Jean-Napoléon Mubiligi wayoboraga Kamembe, baburanishijwe n'inkiko [[Gacaca]].<ref name="CNLG" /> === Opération Turquoise === Igice cya Cyangugu cyashyizwe mu cyiswe « Zone humanitaire sûre » mu gihe cya [[Opération Turquoise]]. Ingabo z'Abafaransa zari zifite ibirindiro mu gace ka Kamembe, harimo no ku kibuga cy'indege. Inyandiko zitandukanye zivuga ko kuba ako gace kari muri zone yagenzurwaga n'izo ngabo bitabujije ubwicanyi gukomeza kandi ko bamwe mu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside banyuze muri ako gace bahungira muri Zaïre.<ref name="CNLG" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Rapport de la Commission parlementaire sur l’idéologie du génocide |publisher=Ministère de la Réconciliation et du Développement du Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2008 |url=http://www.mdrwi.org/rapports%20et%20doc/documents/rap%20commission%20parl%20ideologie%20genocide.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[File:KamembeGenocideMemorial05.jpg|thumb|300px|Urwibutso rwa Kamembe rurebwa uhereye ku muhanda, 22 Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu bice bitandukanye by'icyahoze ari Komini Kamembe na Cyangugu. Aho imibiri yakuwe harimo Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Kadasomwa, Paruwasi ya Katedarali ya Cyangugu, umujyi wa Kamembe ndetse n'agace k'amashuri ka Gihundwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Urwibutso rwashyizweho kugira ngo rushyingure mu cyubahiro imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, rubungabunge amazina y'abamenyekanye kandi rube ahantu ho kwibukira no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mutwarasibo |first=Ernest |title=Organisation et exécution du génocide des Tutsi |journal=Revue d’Histoire de la Shoah |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=67–81 |date=2009 |doi=10.3917/rhsho.190.0067 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-de-la-shoah-2009-1-page-67 |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Urwibutso rufite ahashyinguwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'ahantu ho kwibukira. Hanabera ibikorwa byo kunamira abazize Jenoside mu gihe cya ''Kwibuka''. == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Cyangugu]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Opération Turquoise]] * [[Gacaca]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }} * {{cite book |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Kamembe Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamembe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inzu ndangamurage zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] lbv54tzbvtjhxe780jqtj9g3h9n0k0i 139523 139521 2026-09-23T10:33:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 139523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe | image = [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial02.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Kamembe]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe''' ni urwibutso ruherereye i [[Kamembe]], mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], by'umwihariko abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]]. Kuri uru rwibutso hanabera ibikorwa ngarukamwaka byo [[Kwibuka]]. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe ruherereye hafi ya Stade Kamarampaka, mu Murenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi, mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Ni rumwe mu nzibutso n'ahantu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. == Amateka == === Ihohoterwa ryabaye mbere ya 1994 === Kamembe yari mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Raporo ya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) igaragaza ko ihohoterwa ryibasiye Abatutsi muri ako gace ryatangiye kuva mu 1959, rikongera gukaza umurego mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973.<ref name="CNLG">{{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }}</ref> Mu mvurugu zo hagati ya 1959 na 1961, Abatutsi barishwe, barameneshwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa cyangwa irangizwa, bituma bamwe bahungira mu [[Burundi]] no mu cyahoze ari [[Zaïre]]. Mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973, ubwicanyi, kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu mirimo ndetse no kwamburwa imitungo byongeye kwibasira Abatutsi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu 1973, mbere y'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi bwa [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] na [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yibasiwe n'imvururu zikomeye. Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri no mu kazi, imidugudu yabo iratwikwa kandi imitungo yabo irasahurwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> Kuva mu 1990, Abatutsi bo muri ako gace bakomeje gutotezwa no gufungwa bashinjwa gukorana n'Inkotanyi. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko ibinyamakuru birimo ''Kangura'' na ''Imvaho'' byakwirakwizwaga muri perefegitura mu gihe imvugo zibiba urwango zakazaga umurego.<ref name="CNLG" /> === Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Kamembe === Mu 1994, Komini Kamembe yari icyicaro cya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kirimo inzego z'ubuyobozi bwa gisivili n'iza gisirikare. Inkambi ya gisirikare ya Karambo yayoborwaga na Lieutenant-colonel Samuel Imanishimwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu mujyi wa Kamembe ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Mu bantu ba mbere bishwe harimo Dr Ignace Nagapfizi, wari umuyobozi w'ubuvuzi mu karere ka Cyangugu akaba n'umunyamuryango wa PL. Yiciwe hafi y'urugo rwe i Mucyo. Abandi Batutsi bari bazwi mu mujyi, barimo Karangwa, Anicet Niyonzima, Ndayisaba n'umuryango we na Kongo, na bo barishwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwahise bukwira mu bice bitandukanye bya komini. Abatutsi biciwe ahantu harimo Kadasomwa, Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Gatovu no mu bindi bice by'umujyi wa Kamembe. Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, bamwe mu Batutsi bari bahunze bava muri Komini Gisuma biciwe i Kadasomwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|374px|Stade Kamarampaka, hafi y'urwibutso, hamwe mu hiciwe Abatutsi mu 1994, 22 Kanama 2025]] Hari kandi bariyeri nyinshi zari mu mujyi wa Kamembe, zirimo iyari i Cyapa ku muhanda wa kaburimbo. Iyo bariyeri yari yarashyizweho nyuma y'igitero cya FPR-Inkotanyi cyo mu Ukwakira 1990. Yacungwaga mbere n'abajandarume, nyuma iza gucungwa n'Interahamwe, ikomeza gukora kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu bayobozi bashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo harimo bamwe mu bayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, abayobozi b'ingabo n'aba jandarumeri hamwe n'abari mu buyobozi bwa Komini Kamembe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Inyandiko zerekeye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zigaragaza ko ubwicanyi bwakomeje mu gihe cya Jenoside kandi ko inzego zitandukanye z'ubuyobozi zagize uruhare mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.<ref>{{cite web |title=19.09.2001 - TPIR/Cyangugu - Cyangugu était politiquement homogène pendant le Génocide, selon un expert |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-18 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6409-19092001-tpircyangugu-cyangugu-etait-politiquement-homogene-pendant-le-genocide-selon-un-exp3199.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Ubuhamya bw'abacitse ku icumu na bwo bugaragaza ubwicanyi n'itotezwa byabereye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Testimony of Venancia, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide |website=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/assets/pdf/survivor-testimonies/47%20-%20Venancia%202009.pdf |format=PDF |language=en }}</ref> Nyuma ya Jenoside, ahantu hari imibiri y'abishwe n'imva rusange byakomeje kuvumburwa mu bice bitandukanye bya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gabiro |first=Gabriel |title=Cyangugu se redécouvre, dix ans après le génocide |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2004-03-02 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/7455-cyangugu-se-redecouvre-dix-ans-apres-le-genocide-par-gabriel-gabiro4245.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> === Urubanza rwa Cyangugu === Mu bantu bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu baburanishijwe kubera ibyaha bijyanye na Jenoside harimo Samuel Imanishimwe, wahoze ayobora inkambi ya Karambo. Mu rubanza rwe imbere y'[[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda|Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]], ubushinjacyaha bwamushinje ibikorwa by'ubugome birimo n'ibirego byo kurya abantu.<ref>{{cite web |title=TPIR/Cyangugu - L'ancien commandant Imanishimwe accusé de cannibalisme |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-09 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6453-10092001-tpircyangugu-lancien-commandant-imanishimwe-accuse-de-cannibalisme3243.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu bandi bayobozi baburanishijwe harimo Emmanuel Bagambiki, wahoze ari perefe wa Cyangugu, waje kugirwa umwere n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko bamwe mu bayobozi b'amakomini, barimo Jean-Napoléon Mubiligi wayoboraga Kamembe, baburanishijwe n'inkiko [[Gacaca]].<ref name="CNLG" /> === Opération Turquoise === Igice cya Cyangugu cyashyizwe mu cyiswe « Zone humanitaire sûre » mu gihe cya [[Opération Turquoise]]. Ingabo z'Abafaransa zari zifite ibirindiro mu gace ka Kamembe, harimo no ku kibuga cy'indege. Inyandiko zitandukanye zivuga ko kuba ako gace kari muri zone yagenzurwaga n'izo ngabo bitabujije ubwicanyi gukomeza kandi ko bamwe mu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside banyuze muri ako gace bahungira muri Zaïre.<ref name="CNLG" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Rapport de la Commission parlementaire sur l’idéologie du génocide |publisher=Ministère de la Réconciliation et du Développement du Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2008 |url=http://www.mdrwi.org/rapports%20et%20doc/documents/rap%20commission%20parl%20ideologie%20genocide.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial05.jpg|thumb|300px|Urwibutso rwa Kamembe rurebwa uhereye ku muhanda, 22 Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu bice bitandukanye by'icyahoze ari Komini Kamembe na Cyangugu. Aho imibiri yakuwe harimo Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Kadasomwa, Paruwasi ya Katedarali ya Cyangugu, umujyi wa Kamembe ndetse n'agace k'amashuri ka Gihundwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Urwibutso rwashyizweho kugira ngo rushyingure mu cyubahiro imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, rubungabunge amazina y'abamenyekanye kandi rube ahantu ho kwibukira no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mutwarasibo |first=Ernest |title=Organisation et exécution du génocide des Tutsi |journal=Revue d’Histoire de la Shoah |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=67–81 |date=2009 |doi=10.3917/rhsho.190.0067 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-de-la-shoah-2009-1-page-67 |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Urwibutso rufite ahashyinguwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'ahantu ho kwibukira. Hanabera ibikorwa byo kunamira abazize Jenoside mu gihe cya ''Kwibuka''. == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Cyangugu]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Opération Turquoise]] * [[Gacaca]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }} * {{cite book |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Kamembe Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamembe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inzu ndangamurage zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] 2v2lv2guxvseni6izxvl2abwdjhzolk 139524 139523 2026-09-23T10:34:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 139524 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe | image = [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial02.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Kamembe]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe''' ni urwibutso ruherereye i [[Kamembe]], mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], by'umwihariko abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]]. Kuri uru rwibutso hanabera ibikorwa ngarukamwaka byo [[Kwibuka]]. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe ruherereye hafi ya Stade Kamarampaka, mu Murenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi, mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Ni rumwe mu nzibutso n'ahantu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. == Amateka == === Ihohoterwa ryabaye mbere ya 1994 === Kamembe yari mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Raporo ya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) igaragaza ko ihohoterwa ryibasiye Abatutsi muri ako gace ryatangiye kuva mu 1959, rikongera gukaza umurego mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973.<ref name="CNLG">{{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }}</ref> Mu mvurugu zo hagati ya 1959 na 1961, Abatutsi barishwe, barameneshwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa cyangwa irangizwa, bituma bamwe bahungira mu [[Burundi]] no mu cyahoze ari [[Zaïre]]. Mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973, ubwicanyi, kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu mirimo ndetse no kwamburwa imitungo byongeye kwibasira Abatutsi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu 1973, mbere y'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi bwa [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] na [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yibasiwe n'imvururu zikomeye. Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri no mu kazi, imidugudu yabo iratwikwa kandi imitungo yabo irasahurwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> Kuva mu 1990, Abatutsi bo muri ako gace bakomeje gutotezwa no gufungwa bashinjwa gukorana n'Inkotanyi. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko ibinyamakuru birimo ''Kangura'' na ''Imvaho'' byakwirakwizwaga muri perefegitura mu gihe imvugo zibiba urwango zakazaga umurego.<ref name="CNLG" /> === Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Kamembe === Mu 1994, Komini Kamembe yari icyicaro cya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kirimo inzego z'ubuyobozi bwa gisivili n'iza gisirikare. Inkambi ya gisirikare ya Karambo yayoborwaga na Lieutenant-colonel Samuel Imanishimwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu mujyi wa Kamembe ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Mu bantu ba mbere bishwe harimo Dr Ignace Nagapfizi, wari umuyobozi w'ubuvuzi mu karere ka Cyangugu akaba n'umunyamuryango wa PL. Yiciwe hafi y'urugo rwe i Mucyo. Abandi Batutsi bari bazwi mu mujyi, barimo Karangwa, Anicet Niyonzima, Ndayisaba n'umuryango we na Kongo, na bo barishwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwahise bukwira mu bice bitandukanye bya komini. Abatutsi biciwe ahantu harimo Kadasomwa, Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Gatovu no mu bindi bice by'umujyi wa Kamembe. Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, bamwe mu Batutsi bari bahunze bava muri Komini Gisuma biciwe i Kadasomwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|374px|Stade Kamarampaka, hafi y'urwibutso, hamwe mu hiciwe Abatutsi mu 1994, 22 Kanama 2025]] Hari kandi bariyeri nyinshi zari mu mujyi wa Kamembe, zirimo iyari i Cyapa ku muhanda wa kaburimbo. Iyo bariyeri yari yarashyizweho nyuma y'igitero cya FPR-Inkotanyi cyo mu Ukwakira 1990. Yacungwaga mbere n'abajandarume, nyuma iza gucungwa n'Interahamwe, ikomeza gukora kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu bayobozi bashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo harimo bamwe mu bayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, abayobozi b'ingabo n'aba jandarumeri hamwe n'abari mu buyobozi bwa Komini Kamembe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Inyandiko zerekeye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zigaragaza ko ubwicanyi bwakomeje mu gihe cya Jenoside kandi ko inzego zitandukanye z'ubuyobozi zagize uruhare mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.<ref>{{cite web |title=19.09.2001 - TPIR/Cyangugu - Cyangugu était politiquement homogène pendant le Génocide, selon un expert |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-18 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6409-19092001-tpircyangugu-cyangugu-etait-politiquement-homogene-pendant-le-genocide-selon-un-exp3199.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Ubuhamya bw'abacitse ku icumu na bwo bugaragaza ubwicanyi n'itotezwa byabereye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Testimony of Venancia, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide |website=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/assets/pdf/survivor-testimonies/47%20-%20Venancia%202009.pdf |format=PDF |language=en }}</ref> Nyuma ya Jenoside, ahantu hari imibiri y'abishwe n'imva rusange byakomeje kuvumburwa mu bice bitandukanye bya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gabiro |first=Gabriel |title=Cyangugu se redécouvre, dix ans après le génocide |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2004-03-02 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/7455-cyangugu-se-redecouvre-dix-ans-apres-le-genocide-par-gabriel-gabiro4245.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> === Urubanza rwa Cyangugu === Mu bantu bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu baburanishijwe kubera ibyaha bijyanye na Jenoside harimo Samuel Imanishimwe, wahoze ayobora inkambi ya Karambo. Mu rubanza rwe imbere y'[[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda|Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]], ubushinjacyaha bwamushinje ibikorwa by'ubugome birimo n'ibirego byo kurya abantu.<ref>{{cite web |title=TPIR/Cyangugu - L'ancien commandant Imanishimwe accusé de cannibalisme |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-09 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6453-10092001-tpircyangugu-lancien-commandant-imanishimwe-accuse-de-cannibalisme3243.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu bandi bayobozi baburanishijwe harimo Emmanuel Bagambiki, wahoze ari perefe wa Cyangugu, waje kugirwa umwere n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko bamwe mu bayobozi b'amakomini, barimo Jean-Napoléon Mubiligi wayoboraga Kamembe, baburanishijwe n'inkiko [[Gacaca]].<ref name="CNLG" /> === Opération Turquoise === Igice cya Cyangugu cyashyizwe mu cyiswe « Zone humanitaire sûre » mu gihe cya [[Opération Turquoise]]. Ingabo z'Abafaransa zari zifite ibirindiro mu gace ka Kamembe, harimo no ku kibuga cy'indege. Inyandiko zitandukanye zivuga ko kuba ako gace kari muri zone yagenzurwaga n'izo ngabo bitabujije ubwicanyi gukomeza kandi ko bamwe mu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside banyuze muri ako gace bahungira muri Zaïre.<ref name="CNLG" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Rapport de la Commission parlementaire sur l’idéologie du génocide |publisher=Ministère de la Réconciliation et du Développement du Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2008 |url=http://www.mdrwi.org/rapports%20et%20doc/documents/rap%20commission%20parl%20ideologie%20genocide.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial05.jpg|thumb|300px|Urwibutso rwa Kamembe rurebwa uhereye ku muhanda, 22 Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu bice bitandukanye by'icyahoze ari Komini Kamembe na Cyangugu. Aho imibiri yakuwe harimo Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Kadasomwa, Paruwasi ya Katedarali ya Cyangugu, umujyi wa Kamembe ndetse n'agace k'amashuri ka Gihundwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Urwibutso rwashyizweho kugira ngo rushyingure mu cyubahiro imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, rubungabunge amazina y'abamenyekanye kandi rube ahantu ho kwibukira no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mutwarasibo |first=Ernest |title=Organisation et exécution du génocide des Tutsi |journal=Revue d’Histoire de la Shoah |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=67–81 |date=2009 |doi=10.3917/rhsho.190.0067 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-de-la-shoah-2009-1-page-67 |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Urwibutso rufite ahashyinguwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'ahantu ho kwibukira. Hanabera ibikorwa byo kunamira abazize Jenoside mu gihe cya ''Kwibuka''. == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Cyangugu]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Opération Turquoise]] * [[Gacaca]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }} * {{cite book |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Kamembe Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamembe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inzu ndangamurage zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] 0jjb978h379yov4bsc49shcvwbby6sc 139525 139524 2026-09-23T10:35:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 139525 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe | image = [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial02.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Kamembe]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe''' ni urwibutso ruherereye i [[Kamembe]], mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], by'umwihariko abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]]. Kuri uru rwibutso hanabera ibikorwa ngarukamwaka byo [[Kwibuka]]. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:Communes_of_Rwanda_in_1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe ruherereye hafi ya Stade Kamarampaka, mu Murenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi, mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. Ni rumwe mu nzibutso n'ahantu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. == Amateka == === Ihohoterwa ryabaye mbere ya 1994 === Kamembe yari mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Raporo ya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) igaragaza ko ihohoterwa ryibasiye Abatutsi muri ako gace ryatangiye kuva mu 1959, rikongera gukaza umurego mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973.<ref name="CNLG">{{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }}</ref> Mu mvurugu zo hagati ya 1959 na 1961, Abatutsi barishwe, barameneshwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa cyangwa irangizwa, bituma bamwe bahungira mu [[Burundi]] no mu cyahoze ari [[Zaïre]]. Mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973, ubwicanyi, kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu mirimo ndetse no kwamburwa imitungo byongeye kwibasira Abatutsi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu 1973, mbere y'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi bwa [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] na [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yibasiwe n'imvururu zikomeye. Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri no mu kazi, imidugudu yabo iratwikwa kandi imitungo yabo irasahurwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> Kuva mu 1990, Abatutsi bo muri ako gace bakomeje gutotezwa no gufungwa bashinjwa gukorana n'Inkotanyi. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko ibinyamakuru birimo ''Kangura'' na ''Imvaho'' byakwirakwizwaga muri perefegitura mu gihe imvugo zibiba urwango zakazaga umurego.<ref name="CNLG" /> === Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Kamembe === Mu 1994, Komini Kamembe yari icyicaro cya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kirimo inzego z'ubuyobozi bwa gisivili n'iza gisirikare. Inkambi ya gisirikare ya Karambo yayoborwaga na Lieutenant-colonel Samuel Imanishimwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu mujyi wa Kamembe ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Mu bantu ba mbere bishwe harimo Dr Ignace Nagapfizi, wari umuyobozi w'ubuvuzi mu karere ka Cyangugu akaba n'umunyamuryango wa PL. Yiciwe hafi y'urugo rwe i Mucyo. Abandi Batutsi bari bazwi mu mujyi, barimo Karangwa, Anicet Niyonzima, Ndayisaba n'umuryango we na Kongo, na bo barishwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwahise bukwira mu bice bitandukanye bya komini. Abatutsi biciwe ahantu harimo Kadasomwa, Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Gatovu no mu bindi bice by'umujyi wa Kamembe. Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, bamwe mu Batutsi bari bahunze bava muri Komini Gisuma biciwe i Kadasomwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|374px|Stade Kamarampaka, hafi y'urwibutso, hamwe mu hiciwe Abatutsi mu 1994, 22 Kanama 2025]] Hari kandi bariyeri nyinshi zari mu mujyi wa Kamembe, zirimo iyari i Cyapa ku muhanda wa kaburimbo. Iyo bariyeri yari yarashyizweho nyuma y'igitero cya FPR-Inkotanyi cyo mu Ukwakira 1990. Yacungwaga mbere n'abajandarume, nyuma iza gucungwa n'Interahamwe, ikomeza gukora kugeza muri Nyakanga 1994.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu bayobozi bashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo harimo bamwe mu bayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, abayobozi b'ingabo n'aba jandarumeri hamwe n'abari mu buyobozi bwa Komini Kamembe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Inyandiko zerekeye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zigaragaza ko ubwicanyi bwakomeje mu gihe cya Jenoside kandi ko inzego zitandukanye z'ubuyobozi zagize uruhare mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.<ref>{{cite web |title=19.09.2001 - TPIR/Cyangugu - Cyangugu était politiquement homogène pendant le Génocide, selon un expert |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-18 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6409-19092001-tpircyangugu-cyangugu-etait-politiquement-homogene-pendant-le-genocide-selon-un-exp3199.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Ubuhamya bw'abacitse ku icumu na bwo bugaragaza ubwicanyi n'itotezwa byabereye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |title=Testimony of Venancia, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide |website=United Nations |url=https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/assets/pdf/survivor-testimonies/47%20-%20Venancia%202009.pdf |format=PDF |language=en }}</ref> Nyuma ya Jenoside, ahantu hari imibiri y'abishwe n'imva rusange byakomeje kuvumburwa mu bice bitandukanye bya Cyangugu.<ref>{{cite web |last=Gabiro |first=Gabriel |title=Cyangugu se redécouvre, dix ans après le génocide |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2004-03-02 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/7455-cyangugu-se-redecouvre-dix-ans-apres-le-genocide-par-gabriel-gabiro4245.html |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> === Urubanza rwa Cyangugu === Mu bantu bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu baburanishijwe kubera ibyaha bijyanye na Jenoside harimo Samuel Imanishimwe, wahoze ayobora inkambi ya Karambo. Mu rubanza rwe imbere y'[[Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda|Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]], ubushinjacyaha bwamushinje ibikorwa by'ubugome birimo n'ibirego byo kurya abantu.<ref>{{cite web |title=TPIR/Cyangugu - L'ancien commandant Imanishimwe accusé de cannibalisme |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-09 |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6453-10092001-tpircyangugu-lancien-commandant-imanishimwe-accuse-de-cannibalisme3243.html |access-date=2025-10-22 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu bandi bayobozi baburanishijwe harimo Emmanuel Bagambiki, wahoze ari perefe wa Cyangugu, waje kugirwa umwere n'Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko bamwe mu bayobozi b'amakomini, barimo Jean-Napoléon Mubiligi wayoboraga Kamembe, baburanishijwe n'inkiko [[Gacaca]].<ref name="CNLG" /> === Opération Turquoise === Igice cya Cyangugu cyashyizwe mu cyiswe « Zone humanitaire sûre » mu gihe cya [[Opération Turquoise]]. Ingabo z'Abafaransa zari zifite ibirindiro mu gace ka Kamembe, harimo no ku kibuga cy'indege. Inyandiko zitandukanye zivuga ko kuba ako gace kari muri zone yagenzurwaga n'izo ngabo bitabujije ubwicanyi gukomeza kandi ko bamwe mu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside banyuze muri ako gace bahungira muri Zaïre.<ref name="CNLG" /><ref>{{cite book |title=Rapport de la Commission parlementaire sur l’idéologie du génocide |publisher=Ministère de la Réconciliation et du Développement du Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2008 |url=http://www.mdrwi.org/rapports%20et%20doc/documents/rap%20commission%20parl%20ideologie%20genocide.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial05.jpg|thumb|300px|Urwibutso rwa Kamembe rurebwa uhereye ku muhanda, 22 Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu bice bitandukanye by'icyahoze ari Komini Kamembe na Cyangugu. Aho imibiri yakuwe harimo Stade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, Kadasomwa, Paruwasi ya Katedarali ya Cyangugu, umujyi wa Kamembe ndetse n'agace k'amashuri ka Gihundwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Urwibutso rwashyizweho kugira ngo rushyingure mu cyubahiro imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, rubungabunge amazina y'abamenyekanye kandi rube ahantu ho kwibukira no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Mutwarasibo |first=Ernest |title=Organisation et exécution du génocide des Tutsi |journal=Revue d’Histoire de la Shoah |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=67–81 |date=2009 |doi=10.3917/rhsho.190.0067 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-de-la-shoah-2009-1-page-67 |access-date=2025-10-21 |language=fr }}</ref> Urwibutso rufite ahashyinguwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'ahantu ho kwibukira. Hanabera ibikorwa byo kunamira abazize Jenoside mu gihe cya ''Kwibuka''. == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Cyangugu]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Opération Turquoise]] * [[Gacaca]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38 }} * {{cite book |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Kamembe Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamembe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] p1eqbt2ltpif0orvymoona3asw0zc3h 0 23109 139526 2026-09-23T11:02:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba | image = [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Gashirabwoba mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Bushenge]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Gushy..." 139526 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba | image = [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Gashirabwoba mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Bushenge]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Gushyingura ku mugaragaro | data6 = 26 Gicurasi 2019 | label7 = Imibiri yashyinguwe | data7 = 15 629 (2019) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba''' ni urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Bushenge]], mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rwibuka Abatutsi biciwe i Gashirabwoba no mu bindi bice bya Nyamasheke mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba ruherereye mu Murenge wa Bushenge, Akarere ka Nyamasheke, mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref name="newtimes2019">{{cite web |last=Nkurunziza |first=Michel |title=Nyamasheke: 15,629 Genocide victims accorded decent burial |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |date=2019-05-28 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166913/News/nyamasheke-15629-genocide-victims-accorded-decent-burial |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial10.jpg|thumb|295px|Ahashyinguwe abazize Jenoside harebwa uhereye ku nyubako nkuru, Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba ni rumwe mu nzibutso n'ahantu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Mu nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, iza [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] zanditswe ku rutonde rw'[[Umurage w'isi|Umurage w'Isi]] rwa [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero (bien en série du Patrimoine mondial) |website=UNESCO |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=fr }}</ref> == Amateka == Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba rwashyizweho kugira ngo rubungabunge amateka kandi rwibuke Abatutsi biciwe i Gashirabwoba no mu tundi duce tw'Akarere ka Nyamasheke mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu 2017, hatangijwe imirimo yo kubaka urwibutso rushya rwa Gashirabwoba, umushinga wari uteganyijwe gutwara amafaranga y'u Rwanda arenga miliyoni 400.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nyamasheke launches construction of a genocide memorial worth over Rwf 400 million |website=IGIHE |date=2017-01-20 |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/nyamasheke-launches-construction-of-a-genocide |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> Ku wa 26 Gicurasi 2019, imibiri 15 629 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro kuri uru rwibutso. Muri yo harimo imibiri 13 577 yari isanzwe ishyinguye i Gashirabwoba, 1 039 yakuwe ku rwibutso rwa Giheke, 675 yakuwe ku rwa Muyange, 268 yakuwe i Kidashira n'imibiri 70 yari yarashyinguwe mu ngo zo mu Murenge wa Bushenge.<ref name="cnlg">{{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Publications/BOOKS_ON_GENOCIDE_AGAINST_TUTSI/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu_updated_2024.pdf }}</ref><ref name="newtimes2019" /> Iyo mihango yahuje abarokotse Jenoside, abayobozi n'abaturage, kandi yari igamije guha icyubahiro imibiri yari yarabonetse cyangwa yari yarashyinguwe ahandi mbere yo kwimurirwa i Gashirabwoba.<ref name="newtimes2019" /> Mu 2025, indi mibiri 30 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro muri Nyamasheke mu muhango wabereye ku rwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba.<ref>{{cite web |last=Uwamaliya |first=Florence |title=Nyamasheke: 30 Genocide Victims Laid to Rest in Dignity |website=Imena News |date=2025-07-01 |url=https://imenanews.com/nyamasheke-30-genocide-victims-laid-to-rest-in-dignity/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial14.jpg|thumb|322px|Ahaparikwa imodoka imbere y'inyubako nkuru, ahahoze ikibuga cy'umupira cyiciwemo Abatutsi mu 1994, Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rufite ahashyinguwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, inyubako zagenewe ibikorwa byo kwibuka n'ahantu ho kwigishiriza amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko urwibutso rufite isomero ryagenewe kubikwamo ibitabo n'inyandiko zivuga ku mateka ya Jenoside.<ref name="cnlg" /> Urwibutso runakoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kwigisha no kurwanya [[Guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi|ihakanwa rya Jenoside]]. Mu mihango yo kwibuka, rwakira abarokotse Jenoside, abanyeshuri, abayobozi b'amadini n'abahagarariye inzego za Leta.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ngoboka |first=Theogene |title=Séjour du Père Paul HABERT dans le Diocèse de Cyangugu |website=Diocèse Catholique de Cyangugu |date=2024-07-30 |url=https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/sejour-du-pere-paul-habert-dans-le-diocese-de-cyangugu/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=fr }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] * [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Publications/BOOKS_ON_GENOCIDE_AGAINST_TUTSI/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu_updated_2024.pdf }} * {{cite book |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Gashirabwoba Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gashirabwoba, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Inzu ndangamurage zo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] lyjpvc5dflmxb5fzvegp79tm3d3vveo 139527 139526 2026-09-23T11:02:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 139527 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba | image = [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Gashirabwoba mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Bushenge]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Gushyingura ku mugaragaro | data6 = 26 Gicurasi 2019 | label7 = Imibiri yashyinguwe | data7 = 15 629 (2019) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba''' ni urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Bushenge]], mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rwibuka Abatutsi biciwe i Gashirabwoba no mu bindi bice bya Nyamasheke mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba ruherereye mu Murenge wa Bushenge, Akarere ka Nyamasheke, mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref name="newtimes2019">{{cite web |last=Nkurunziza |first=Michel |title=Nyamasheke: 15,629 Genocide victims accorded decent burial |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |date=2019-05-28 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166913/News/nyamasheke-15629-genocide-victims-accorded-decent-burial |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial10.jpg|thumb|295px|Ahashyinguwe abazize Jenoside harebwa uhereye ku nyubako nkuru, Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba ni rumwe mu nzibutso n'ahantu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Mu nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, iza [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] zanditswe ku rutonde rw'[[Umurage w'isi|Umurage w'Isi]] rwa [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero (bien en série du Patrimoine mondial) |website=UNESCO |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=fr }}</ref> == Amateka == Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba rwashyizweho kugira ngo rubungabunge amateka kandi rwibuke Abatutsi biciwe i Gashirabwoba no mu tundi duce tw'Akarere ka Nyamasheke mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu 2017, hatangijwe imirimo yo kubaka urwibutso rushya rwa Gashirabwoba, umushinga wari uteganyijwe gutwara amafaranga y'u Rwanda arenga miliyoni 400.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nyamasheke launches construction of a genocide memorial worth over Rwf 400 million |website=IGIHE |date=2017-01-20 |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/nyamasheke-launches-construction-of-a-genocide |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> Ku wa 26 Gicurasi 2019, imibiri 15 629 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro kuri uru rwibutso. Muri yo harimo imibiri 13 577 yari isanzwe ishyinguye i Gashirabwoba, 1 039 yakuwe ku rwibutso rwa Giheke, 675 yakuwe ku rwa Muyange, 268 yakuwe i Kidashira n'imibiri 70 yari yarashyinguwe mu ngo zo mu Murenge wa Bushenge.<ref name="cnlg">{{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Publications/BOOKS_ON_GENOCIDE_AGAINST_TUTSI/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu_updated_2024.pdf }}</ref><ref name="newtimes2019" /> Iyo mihango yahuje abarokotse Jenoside, abayobozi n'abaturage, kandi yari igamije guha icyubahiro imibiri yari yarabonetse cyangwa yari yarashyinguwe ahandi mbere yo kwimurirwa i Gashirabwoba.<ref name="newtimes2019" /> Mu 2025, indi mibiri 30 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro muri Nyamasheke mu muhango wabereye ku rwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba.<ref>{{cite web |last=Uwamaliya |first=Florence |title=Nyamasheke: 30 Genocide Victims Laid to Rest in Dignity |website=Imena News |date=2025-07-01 |url=https://imenanews.com/nyamasheke-30-genocide-victims-laid-to-rest-in-dignity/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial14.jpg|thumb|322px|Ahaparikwa imodoka imbere y'inyubako nkuru, ahahoze ikibuga cy'umupira cyiciwemo Abatutsi mu 1994, Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rufite ahashyinguwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, inyubako zagenewe ibikorwa byo kwibuka n'ahantu ho kwigishiriza amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko urwibutso rufite isomero ryagenewe kubikwamo ibitabo n'inyandiko zivuga ku mateka ya Jenoside.<ref name="cnlg" /> Urwibutso runakoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kwigisha no kurwanya [[Guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi|ihakanwa rya Jenoside]]. Mu mihango yo kwibuka, rwakira abarokotse Jenoside, abanyeshuri, abayobozi b'amadini n'abahagarariye inzego za Leta.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ngoboka |first=Theogene |title=Séjour du Père Paul HABERT dans le Diocèse de Cyangugu |website=Diocèse Catholique de Cyangugu |date=2024-07-30 |url=https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/sejour-du-pere-paul-habert-dans-le-diocese-de-cyangugu/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=fr }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] * [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Publications/BOOKS_ON_GENOCIDE_AGAINST_TUTSI/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu_updated_2024.pdf }} * {{cite book |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Gashirabwoba Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gashirabwoba, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] mlutqarw2o39cqdscft4ndnb9qhcf32 139528 139527 2026-09-23T11:03:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 139528 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba | image = [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Gashirabwoba mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Bushenge]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Gushyingura ku mugaragaro | data6 = 26 Gicurasi 2019 | label7 = Imibiri yashyinguwe | data7 = 15 629 (2019) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba''' ni urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Bushenge]], mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rwibuka Abatutsi biciwe i Gashirabwoba no mu bindi bice bya Nyamasheke mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba ruherereye mu Murenge wa Bushenge, Akarere ka Nyamasheke, mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref name="newtimes2019">{{cite web |last=Nkurunziza |first=Michel |title=Nyamasheke: 15,629 Genocide victims accorded decent burial |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]] |date=2019-05-28 |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166913/News/nyamasheke-15629-genocide-victims-accorded-decent-burial |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial10.jpg|thumb|295px|Ahashyinguwe abazize Jenoside harebwa uhereye ku nyubako nkuru, Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba ni rumwe mu nzibutso n'ahantu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Mu nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, iza [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] zanditswe ku rutonde rw'[[Umurage w'isi|Umurage w'Isi]] rwa [[UNESCO]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero (bien en série du Patrimoine mondial) |website=UNESCO |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |access-date=2025-08-15 |language=fr }}</ref> == Amateka == Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba rwashyizweho kugira ngo rubungabunge amateka kandi rwibuke Abatutsi biciwe i Gashirabwoba no mu tundi duce tw'Akarere ka Nyamasheke mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu 2017, hatangijwe imirimo yo kubaka urwibutso rushya rwa Gashirabwoba, umushinga wari uteganyijwe gutwara amafaranga y'u Rwanda arenga miliyoni 400.<ref>{{cite web |title=Nyamasheke launches construction of a genocide memorial worth over Rwf 400 million |website=IGIHE |date=2017-01-20 |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/nyamasheke-launches-construction-of-a-genocide |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> Ku wa 26 Gicurasi 2019, imibiri 15 629 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro kuri uru rwibutso. Muri yo harimo imibiri 13 577 yari isanzwe ishyinguye i Gashirabwoba, 1 039 yakuwe ku rwibutso rwa Giheke, 675 yakuwe ku rwa Muyange, 268 yakuwe i Kidashira n'imibiri 70 yari yarashyinguwe mu ngo zo mu Murenge wa Bushenge.<ref name="cnlg">{{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Publications/BOOKS_ON_GENOCIDE_AGAINST_TUTSI/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu_updated_2024.pdf }}</ref><ref name="newtimes2019" /> Iyo mihango yahuje abarokotse Jenoside, abayobozi n'abaturage, kandi yari igamije guha icyubahiro imibiri yari yarabonetse cyangwa yari yarashyinguwe ahandi mbere yo kwimurirwa i Gashirabwoba.<ref name="newtimes2019" /> Mu 2025, indi mibiri 30 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro muri Nyamasheke mu muhango wabereye ku rwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba.<ref>{{cite web |last=Uwamaliya |first=Florence |title=Nyamasheke: 30 Genocide Victims Laid to Rest in Dignity |website=Imena News |date=2025-07-01 |url=https://imenanews.com/nyamasheke-30-genocide-victims-laid-to-rest-in-dignity/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=en }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:GashirabwobaGenocideMemorial14.jpg|thumb|322px|Ahaparikwa imodoka imbere y'inyubako nkuru, ahahoze ikibuga cy'umupira cyiciwemo Abatutsi mu 1994, Kanama 2025]] Urwibutso rufite ahashyinguwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, inyubako zagenewe ibikorwa byo kwibuka n'ahantu ho kwigishiriza amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga kandi ko urwibutso rufite isomero ryagenewe kubikwamo ibitabo n'inyandiko zivuga ku mateka ya Jenoside.<ref name="cnlg" /> Urwibutso runakoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kwigisha no kurwanya [[Guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi|ihakanwa rya Jenoside]]. Mu mihango yo kwibuka, rwakira abarokotse Jenoside, abanyeshuri, abayobozi b'amadini n'abahagarariye inzego za Leta.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ngoboka |first=Theogene |title=Séjour du Père Paul HABERT dans le Diocèse de Cyangugu |website=Diocèse Catholique de Cyangugu |date=2024-07-30 |url=https://www.diocesecyangugu.com/sejour-du-pere-paul-habert-dans-le-diocese-de-cyangugu/ |access-date=2025-07-29 |language=fr }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] * [[Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Publications/BOOKS_ON_GENOCIDE_AGAINST_TUTSI/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu_updated_2024.pdf }} * {{cite book |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Gashirabwoba Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gashirabwoba, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] b2ag9532idkdgxw36y4gkd6txv1l6li 0 23110 139529 2026-09-23T11:24:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Remera | image = [[Dosiye:RemeraGenocideMemorial10.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Remera mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Remera]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Remera'''..." 139529 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Remera | image = [[Dosiye:RemeraGenocideMemorial10.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Remera mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Remera]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Remera''' ni urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Remera]], mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama, by'umwihariko abiciwe ku biro by'iyo komini no mu nkengero zabyo. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso ruherereye hafi y'ibiro by'Umurenge wa Remera, mu gice cy'icyaro cy'Akarere ka Ngoma. Ruri hafi y'umuhanda, ibintu byateje ikibazo mu 2014 ubwo imbago z'umuhanda zageraga ku butaka bw'urwibutso.<ref name="KT2014">{{cite web |last=Gakwaya |first=Jean Claude |title=Ngoma: Hagarutswe ku kibazo cy’urwibutso rwa Remera rwagonzwe n’umuhanda |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/Ngoma-Hagarutswe-ku-kibazo-cy-urwibutso-rwa-Remera-rwagonzwe-n-umuhanda |website=Kigali Today |date=2014-04-16 |access-date=2026-09-23 |language=rw }}</ref> [[Dosiye:RemeraGenocideMemorial01.jpg|thumb|left|325px|Inyubako y'ubuyobozi iri hafi y'urwibutso, Kanama 2025]] [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mu mitegekere yahozeho mbere ya 1994, Remera yari umwe mu mirenge 11 ya Komini Kigarama yo muri Perefegitura ya Kibungo. Indi mirenge yari Kabare I, Kabare II, Rurenge, Gasetsa, Kaberangwe, Vumwe, Gashanda, Fukwe, Rubona na Kansana.<ref name="Hitimana">{{cite book |last=Hitimana |first=Justine |title=Le génocide commis contre les Tutsi dans la préfecture de Kibungo de 1990 à 1994 |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |pages=34–35, 245–248 |language=fr }}</ref> Bamwe mu bayobozi bo muri Perefegitura ya Kibungo bagize uruhare mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside bakomokaga muri Komini Kigarama. Muri ako gace, Interahamwe n'indi mitwe yitwaraga gisirikare yagize uruhare mu kwibasira Abatutsi mbere no mu gihe cya Jenoside.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Nyuma ya Jenoside, mu Rwanda hashyizweho inzibutso zitandukanye zo gushyinguramo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, kubungabunga amateka no gutanga ahantu ho kwibuka no kwigisha.<ref name="DumasKorman">{{cite journal |last1=Dumas |first1=Hélène |last2=Korman |first2=Rémi |title=Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda |journal=Afrique contemporaine |issue=238 |year=2011 |pages=9–23 |language=fr }}</ref> == Amateka == === Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 === Nyuma y'ihanurwa ry'indege yari itwaye Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] ku wa 6 Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi bo mu mirenge ya Komini Kigarama bahungiye ku biro bya komini byari i Remera bashaka ubuhungiro.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 7 Mata, Interahamwe zari zashyize bariyeri ku mihanda ijya ku biro bya komini zatangiye guhagarika no kwibasira Abatutsi bashakaga kuhagera. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga ko abantu bari hagati ya 1 500 na 2 000 bari bamaze guteranira ku biro bya komini, mu gihe abandi, harimo abakomeretse, bakomezaga kuhagera.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Ku wa 8 Mata 1994, burugumesitiri Emmanuel Mugiraneza, Colonel Pierre Célestin Rwagafilita na Minisitiri Prosper Mugiraneza bagiye ku biro bya komini aho Abatutsi bari bahungiye babasabye kubarinda. Nyuma gato y'uko bahavuye, Interahamwe witwaga Emmanuel Muhinda yateye gerenade mu bantu bari bateraniye aho, yica bamwe abandi barakomereka; ubwicanyi bwakomeje nyuma y'icyo gitero.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Ku wa 11 Mata, Interahamwe zongeye gutera abari bahungiye ku biro bya komini. Brigadier Pierre Musonera wagerageje kubarinda yambuwe intwaro ku mabwiriza y'abayobozi, nyuma aricwa.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Ku wa 12 Mata, Lieutenant-colonel Anselme Nkuriyekubona yajyanye n'abasirikare, Interahamwe n'abari mu mutwe wa Simba Bataliani kongera gutera Abatutsi bari ku biro bya komini. Igitero kinini cyakurikiyeho ku wa 15 Mata 1994 cyibasiye benshi mu bari bakiri aho.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Nyuma y'uko [[Front patriotique rwandais|Ingabo za FPR]] zifashe Komini Kigarama ahagana ku wa 20 Mata, bamwe mu barokotse bavanywe aho bajyanwa kuvurwa. Raporo ya CNLG ishyira Remera mu hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi muri Komini Kigarama hagati ya 7 na 15 Mata 1994, kandi ivuga ko hari abantu batwitswe ari bazima abandi bagashyingurwa mu cyobo cyari hafi y'ibiro bya komini.<ref name="Hitimana" /> === Ishyirwaho n'iterambere ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya Jenoside, imibiri y'abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama yaravanywe ahantu hatandukanye, ishyirwa mu rwibutso rwubatswe i Remera ku butaka bwariho ibiro bya komini.<ref name="Rapport1996">{{cite book |author=Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda |title=Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda |publisher=Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de la Culture |location=Kigali |year=1996 |page=180 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu 2014, ubuyobozi bw'Akarere ka Ngoma bwavuze ko urwibutso rwari ruri hafi cyane y'umuhanda kandi ko rwagombaga kwimurwa kubera imiterere y'ahantu. Hari gahunda yo kwimurira imibiri y'abantu bagera ku 2 900 ku [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma]], rumwe mu nzibutso zari zaratoranyijwe ku rwego rw'akarere.<ref name="KT2014" /> Mu gihe cyo gusoza icyumweru cyo kwibuka muri Mata 2014, abarokotse bo mu Murenge wa Remera basabye ko imibiri y'ababo yaguma i Remera kugira ngo amateka y'ubwicanyi bwabereye mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama akomeze kubungabungwa aho yabereye. Imiryango y'abazize Jenoside n'abayobozi b'amadini banasabye kugira uruhare mu kubaka urwibutso rwujuje ibisabwa aho kwimurira imibiri i Kibungo.<ref name="KT2014" /> [[Dosiye:RemeraGenocideMemorial10.jpg|thumb|369px|Urwibutso rwa Remera ruri imbere y'ibiro by'ubuyobozi, Kanama 2025]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Remera rufite ahashyinguwe hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'ahantu ho gukorera imihango ngarukamwaka yo [[Kwibuka]].<ref name="KT2014" /><ref name="DumasKorman" /> Rukoreshwa kandi nk'ahantu hahurira abarokotse, imiryango y'abazize Jenoside n'abaturage bo mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama. Mu bikorwa byo kwibuka habamo ubuhamya, ibiganiro ku mateka no kwigisha kurwanya [[Guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi|guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]].<ref name="KT2014" /><ref name="DumasKorman" /> == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |author=Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda |title=Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda |publisher=Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de la Culture |location=Kigali |year=1996 |pages=219 |language=fr }} * {{cite book |last=Hitimana |first=Justine |title=Le génocide commis contre les Tutsi dans la préfecture de Kibungo de 1990 à 1994 |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |language=fr }} * {{cite journal |last1=Dumas |first1=Hélène |last2=Korman |first2=Rémi |title=Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda |journal=Afrique contemporaine |issue=238 |year=2011 |pages=9–23 |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Remera Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Remera, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] a3cm89kecyfz6tyltqh8vwxy6s83wqp 139530 139529 2026-09-23T11:26:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 139530 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Remera | image = [[Dosiye:RemeraGenocideMemorial10.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Remera mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Remera]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Remera''' ni urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Remera]], mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama, by'umwihariko abiciwe ku biro by'iyo komini no mu nkengero zabyo. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso ruherereye hafi y'ibiro by'Umurenge wa Remera, mu gice cy'icyaro cy'Akarere ka Ngoma. Ruri hafi y'umuhanda, ibintu byateje ikibazo mu 2014 ubwo imbago z'umuhanda zageraga ku butaka bw'urwibutso.<ref name="KT2014">{{cite web |last=Gakwaya |first=Jean Claude |title=Ngoma: Hagarutswe ku kibazo cy’urwibutso rwa Remera rwagonzwe n’umuhanda |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/Ngoma-Hagarutswe-ku-kibazo-cy-urwibutso-rwa-Remera-rwagonzwe-n-umuhanda |website=Kigali Today |date=2014-04-16 |access-date=2026-09-23 |language=rw }}</ref> [[Dosiye:RemeraGenocideMemorial01.jpg|thumb|left|325px|Inyubako y'ubuyobozi iri hafi y'urwibutso, Kanama 2025]] [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mu mitegekere yahozeho mbere ya 1994, Remera yari umwe mu mirenge 11 ya Komini Kigarama yo muri Perefegitura ya Kibungo. Indi mirenge yari Kabare I, Kabare II, Rurenge, Gasetsa, Kaberangwe, Vumwe, Gashanda, Fukwe, Rubona na Kansana.<ref name="Hitimana">{{cite book |last=Hitimana |first=Justine |title=Le génocide commis contre les Tutsi dans la préfecture de Kibungo de 1990 à 1994 |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |pages=34–35, 245–248 |language=fr }}</ref> Bamwe mu bayobozi bo muri Perefegitura ya Kibungo bagize uruhare mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside bakomokaga muri Komini Kigarama. Muri ako gace, Interahamwe n'indi mitwe yitwaraga gisirikare yagize uruhare mu kwibasira Abatutsi mbere no mu gihe cya Jenoside.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Nyuma ya Jenoside, mu Rwanda hashyizweho inzibutso zitandukanye zo gushyinguramo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, kubungabunga amateka no gutanga ahantu ho kwibuka no kwigisha.<ref name="DumasKorman">{{cite journal |last1=Dumas |first1=Hélène |last2=Korman |first2=Rémi |title=Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda |journal=Afrique contemporaine |issue=238 |year=2011 |pages=9–23 |language=fr }}</ref> == Amateka == === Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 === Nyuma y'ihanurwa ry'indege yari itwaye Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] ku wa 6 Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi bo mu mirenge ya Komini Kigarama bahungiye ku biro bya komini byari i Remera bashaka ubuhungiro.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 7 Mata, Interahamwe zari zashyize bariyeri ku mihanda ijya ku biro bya komini zatangiye guhagarika no kwibasira Abatutsi bashakaga kuhagera. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga ko abantu bari hagati ya 1 500 na 2 000 bari bamaze guteranira ku biro bya komini, mu gihe abandi, harimo abakomeretse, bakomezaga kuhagera.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Ku wa 8 Mata 1994, burugumesitiri Emmanuel Mugiraneza, Colonel Pierre Célestin Rwagafilita na Minisitiri Prosper Mugiraneza bagiye ku biro bya komini aho Abatutsi bari bahungiye babasabye kubarinda. Nyuma gato y'uko bahavuye, Interahamwe witwaga Emmanuel Muhinda yateye gerenade mu bantu bari bateraniye aho, yica bamwe abandi barakomereka; ubwicanyi bwakomeje nyuma y'icyo gitero.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Ku wa 11 Mata, Interahamwe zongeye gutera abari bahungiye ku biro bya komini. Brigadier Pierre Musonera wagerageje kubarinda yambuwe intwaro ku mabwiriza y'abayobozi, nyuma aricwa.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Ku wa 12 Mata, Lieutenant-colonel Anselme Nkuriyekubona yajyanye n'abasirikare, Interahamwe n'abari mu mutwe wa Simba Bataliani kongera gutera Abatutsi bari ku biro bya komini. Igitero kinini cyakurikiyeho ku wa 15 Mata 1994 cyibasiye benshi mu bari bakiri aho.<ref name="Hitimana" /> Nyuma y'uko [[Front patriotique rwandais|Ingabo za FPR]] zifashe Komini Kigarama ahagana ku wa 20 Mata, bamwe mu barokotse bavanywe aho bajyanwa kuvurwa. Raporo ya CNLG ishyira Remera mu hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi muri Komini Kigarama hagati ya 7 na 15 Mata 1994, kandi ivuga ko hari abantu batwitswe ari bazima abandi bagashyingurwa mu cyobo cyari hafi y'ibiro bya komini.<ref name="Hitimana" /> === Ishyirwaho n'iterambere ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya Jenoside, imibiri y'abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama yaravanywe ahantu hatandukanye, ishyirwa mu rwibutso rwubatswe i Remera ku butaka bwariho ibiro bya komini.<ref name="Rapport1996">{{cite book |author=Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda |title=Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda |publisher=Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de la Culture |location=Kigali |year=1996 |page=180 |language=fr }}</ref> Mu 2014, ubuyobozi bw'Akarere ka Ngoma bwavuze ko urwibutso rwari ruri hafi cyane y'umuhanda kandi ko rwagombaga kwimurwa kubera imiterere y'ahantu. Hari gahunda yo kwimurira imibiri y'abantu bagera ku 2 900 ku [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma]], rumwe mu nzibutso zari zaratoranyijwe ku rwego rw'akarere.<ref name="KT2014" /> Mu gihe cyo gusoza icyumweru cyo kwibuka muri Mata 2014, abarokotse bo mu Murenge wa Remera basabye ko imibiri y'ababo yaguma i Remera kugira ngo amateka y'ubwicanyi bwabereye mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama akomeze kubungabungwa aho yabereye. Imiryango y'abazize Jenoside n'abayobozi b'amadini banasabye kugira uruhare mu kubaka urwibutso rwujuje ibisabwa aho kwimurira imibiri i Kibungo.<ref name="KT2014" /> [[Dosiye:RemeraGenocideMemorial10.jpg|thumb|369px|Urwibutso rwa Remera ruri imbere y'ibiro by'ubuyobozi, Kanama 2025]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Remera rufite ahashyinguwe hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'ahantu ho gukorera imihango ngarukamwaka yo [[Kwibuka]].<ref name="KT2014" /><ref name="DumasKorman" /> Rukoreshwa kandi nk'ahantu hahurira abarokotse, imiryango y'abazize Jenoside n'abaturage bo mu cyahoze ari Komini Kigarama. Mu bikorwa byo kwibuka habamo ubuhamya, ibiganiro ku mateka no kwigisha kurwanya [[Guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi|guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]].<ref name="KT2014" /><ref name="DumasKorman" /> == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] == Ibitabo n'inyandiko == * {{cite book |author=Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda |title=Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda |publisher=Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de la Culture |location=Kigali |year=1996 |pages=219 |language=fr }} * {{cite book |last=Hitimana |first=Justine |title=Le génocide commis contre les Tutsi dans la préfecture de Kibungo de 1990 à 1994 |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |language=fr }} * {{cite journal |last1=Dumas |first1=Hélène |last2=Korman |first2=Rémi |title=Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda |journal=Afrique contemporaine |issue=238 |year=2011 |pages=9–23 |language=fr }} == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Remera Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Remera, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] itbl8ws3k17xx3dlvykv9o7zlvxv7pd 0 23111 139531 2026-09-23T11:30:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara | image = [[Dosiye:RukaraGenocideMemorial07.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Rukara mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Rukara]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Imibiri yashyinguwe | data6..." 139531 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara | image = [[Dosiye:RukaraGenocideMemorial07.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Rukara mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Rukara]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Imibiri yashyinguwe | data6 = Abarenga 8 000 (2014) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{coord|-1.7943694|30.5061000|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara''' ni urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Rukara]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi biciwe i Rukara no mu duce tuyikikije. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa Rukara, mu Karere ka Kayonza, Intara y'Iburasirazuba. Ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri muri ako karere.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwibuka Flame of Remembrance Travels to Kayonza District |url=https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/kwibuka-flame-of-remembrance-travels-to-kayonza-district/ |website=Rwanda National Police |date=2014-03-16 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> Urwibutso rwa Rukara ni rumwe mu nzibutso zibungabunga imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, zikakira ibikorwa byo [[Kwibuka]] kandi zigafasha mu kubungabunga no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwibuka |url=https://kwibuka.rw/ |website=Kwibuka |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> == Amateka == Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwicanyi bwabereye i Rukara no mu nkengero zaho, by'umwihariko hafi ya misiyoni gatolika ya Rukara. Amafoto yafashwe muri Gicurasi 1994 agaragaza imibiri n'ibisigazwa by'abantu ku butaka bwa misiyoni, aho Abatutsi babarirwa mu magana bishwe muri Mata 1994.<ref>{{cite web |title=Skeletal remains strewn on the grounds of the Catholic mission May 5, 1994 in Rukara, Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/RukaraPeterson.html.en |website=France Génocide Tutsi |date=1994-05-05 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2014, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside barenga 8 000 yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso rwa Rukara mu Karere ka Kayonza.<ref>{{cite web |title=Remains of 8,000 Genocide victims buried in Kayonza |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/107227/National/remains-of-8000-genocide-victims-buried-in-kayonza |website=The New Times |date=2014-05-26 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Rukara rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Rukara no mu nkengero zaho. Rukoreshwa nk'ahantu ho kunamira abazize Jenoside no kwibukira abashyinguwe kuri urwo rwibutso. Mu bihe byo Kwibuka, urwibutso rusurwa n'abarokotse Jenoside, imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, abaturage n'abandi basura aho hantu kugira ngo bibuke kandi bunamire abazize Jenoside.<ref>{{cite web |title=SPONSORED: AOS commemorates and donates to Genocide survivors in Kayonza |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/141797/News/sponsored-aos-commemorates-and-donates-to-genocide-survivors-in-kayonza |website=The New Times |date=2017-06-26 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] * [[Kwibuka]] == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Rukara Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rukara, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] f0rb2vsjo7ujwjwdkjwikm7cblxhrz8 139532 139531 2026-09-23T11:31:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 139532 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara | image = [[Dosiye:RukaraGenocideMemorial07.jpg|250px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Rukara mu 2025 | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Rukara]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Imibiri yashyinguwe | data6 = Abarenga 8 000 (2014) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{coord|-1.7943694|30.5061000|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara''' ni urwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ruherereye mu Murenge wa [[Rukara]], mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi biciwe i Rukara no mu duce tuyikikije. == Aho ruherereye == Urwibutso ruherereye mu Murenge wa Rukara, mu Karere ka Kayonza, Intara y'Iburasirazuba. Ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri muri ako karere.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwibuka Flame of Remembrance Travels to Kayonza District |url=https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/kwibuka-flame-of-remembrance-travels-to-kayonza-district/ |website=Rwanda National Police |date=2014-03-16 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> Urwibutso rwa Rukara ni rumwe mu nzibutso zibungabunga imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, zikakira ibikorwa byo [[Kwibuka]] kandi zigafasha mu kubungabunga no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{cite web |title=Kwibuka |url=https://kwibuka.rw/ |website=Kwibuka |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> == Amateka == Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwicanyi bwabereye i Rukara no mu nkengero zaho, by'umwihariko hafi ya misiyoni gatolika ya Rukara. Amafoto yafashwe muri Gicurasi 1994 agaragaza imibiri n'ibisigazwa by'abantu ku butaka bwa misiyoni, aho Abatutsi babarirwa mu magana bishwe muri Mata 1994.<ref>{{cite web |title=Skeletal remains strewn on the grounds of the Catholic mission May 5, 1994 in Rukara, Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/RukaraPeterson.html.en |website=France Génocide Tutsi |date=1994-05-05 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2014, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside barenga 8 000 yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso rwa Rukara mu Karere ka Kayonza.<ref>{{cite web |title=Remains of 8,000 Genocide victims buried in Kayonza |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/107227/National/remains-of-8000-genocide-victims-buried-in-kayonza |website=The New Times |date=2014-05-26 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Rukara rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Rukara no mu nkengero zaho. Rukoreshwa nk'ahantu ho kunamira abazize Jenoside no kwibukira abashyinguwe kuri urwo rwibutso. Mu bihe byo Kwibuka, urwibutso rusurwa n'abarokotse Jenoside, imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, abaturage n'abandi basura aho hantu kugira ngo bibuke kandi bunamire abazize Jenoside.<ref>{{cite web |title=SPONSORED: AOS commemorates and donates to Genocide survivors in Kayonza |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/141797/News/sponsored-aos-commemorates-and-donates-to-genocide-survivors-in-kayonza |website=The New Times |date=2017-06-26 |access-date=2026-05-28 |language=en }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] * [[Kwibuka]] == Ahandi wabona amakuru == {{Commonscat|Rukara Genocide Memorial}} == Inyandiko zifashishijwe == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rukara, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] ko3a0janssj350is7d89vfhttdtdf7y