Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 8530 140230 79170 2026-09-25T12:00:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140230 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|left|thumb|Rwanda]] '''Eugene Mutimura''' numuhanga '''numushakashatsi''' wu Rwanda. Ubu ni minisitiri w’uburezi muri [[Rwanda|Repubulika yu Rwanda]]. Mbere yo kugirwa minisitiri w’uburezi, Mutimura yahuzaga umushinga w’ibikorwa by’indashyikirwa muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo byatewe inkunga na Banki y’isi mu bihugu umunani, kugira ngo ushyigikire ubushakashatsi n’uburezi muri kaminuza cumi nesheshatu. Yahawe buruse ya Fulbright. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ya kaminuza muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand, Johannesburg mu 2007 kandi mbere yakoraga mu karere ka Alliance ishinzwe iterambere rirambye. [[Dosiye:One_Laptop_Per_Child,_Kigali.jpg|thumb|Eugene Mutimura yabaye minisitiri w'uburezi mu Rwanda ]] 106l1v9xd60b0cz6jzns13hpm5vn4qx 0 8553 140265 134608 2026-09-25T12:04:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda_Butare.png|right|thumb|Ikarita yerekana Intara ya Butare]] '''Butare''' yari intara ( ''perefegitura'' ) y'u Rwanda mbere yuko iseswa muri Mutarama 2006. Umujyi wa [[Butare]] niwo mujyi wa kabiri munini mu [[Rwanda]] kandi ni imwe mu [[Intara y’u Rwanda|ntara]] zahoze ari [[Intara y’u Rwanda|intara]] cumi na zibiri. Iherereye mu majyepfo yo hagati mu gihugu kandi ihana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] mu majyepfo. yari ifite abaturage 77.449 guhera muri Mutarama 2006. == Amateka == Butare cg ahahoze hitwa perefegitura ya Butare. ubu hasigeye hazwi ku izina rya Huye kandi kera hahoze yitwa Astrida, ni umujyi wa karindwi munini mu Rwanda ukurikije abaturage. Abategetsi b'abakoloni b'Ababiligi bashinze kandi bita uwo mujyi Astrida, mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Umwamikazi Astrid w'Ababiligi. [2] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yahinduye izina ry'umujyi igihe yabonye ubwigenge mu 1962 nuko bahita i Butare. == Ibisobanuro == Butare yari iherereye mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu kandi ihana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]]. Uburinganire bwayo bwari bujyanye n’ibindi bihugu byose byo mu Rwanda, kandi byari imisozi ugereranije na [[Tanzaniya]] ikikije, ariko ntibyari imisozi nk’amajyaruguru yu Rwanda. == Jenoside == [[Dosiye:Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).png|thumb|310x310px|MRND]] Mu buhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda (ICTR) rwakoze iperereza kuri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, impuguke André Guichaoua yavuze ko Butare ari "intara y’inyeshyamba." Butare ni perefegitura yonyine iyobowe [[Abatutsi|n'Umututsi]], Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana, warwanyije byimazeyo jenoside. Kubera ko yari ifite umubare munini w'Abatutsi, politiki ya perefegitura yiganjemo Parti Social Démocrate (PSD), aho kuba Mouvement Républicain National pour la Démocratie et le développement (MRND), aho [[Interahamwe|Interahamwe za]] jenoside zakuye abayoboke. Interahamwe muri Butare rero ntizari nyinshi kandi zitunganijwe neza kurusha bagenzi babo bo mu bindi bice by'[[igihugu]]. Igihe igihugu cyatangiraga kumena amaraso nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenal Habyarimana]] (ntaho ahuriye na perefe) ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Butare ntiyigeze ikorwaho, usibye komini ya Nyakizu. Abatutsi benshi bahunze urugomo mu tundi turere tw’igihugu basanze ubuhungiro i Butare. [[Dosiye:Graves with Victim of 1994 Genocide - Catholic Cathedral - Huye (Butare) - Rwanda (9009579800).jpg|thumb|Butare]] Umutuzo wamaze ibyumweru bibiri. Perezida w'agateganyo Théodore Sindikubwabo, na we ukomoka mu gace ka Butare, yashyizeho perefe mushya ku ya 19 Mata mu birori byabereye mu murwa mukuru wa perefegitura. Perefe Habyalimana nyuma yaho gato arafatwa aricwa. Umwe mu bajegukurikiraho gupfa ni uwahoze ari [[Rosalie Gicanda|Umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda]], wasobanuwe n'ubushinjacyaha bwa ICTR ko ari "ikimenyetso cy'amateka ku Batutsi bose". Paramilitary imitwe n'Interahamwe bari hanyuma bubona mu [[Kigali]], ikimenyetso ntangiriro bwicanyi. Hasabwe ko ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma y'Abahutu bwahangayikishijwe cyane na Butare kuko benshi muri bo bari kavukire; uretse Sindikubwabo, Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Jean Kambanda]] (umuntu wa mbere uhamijwe icyaha TPIR), General Augustin Ndindiliyimana (umutwe wa Gendarmie), na Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, wari minisitiri wa abagore n'umuryango bari bose bavukiye mu Butare. N'ubwo itsembabwoko ryatinze ibyumweru bibiri, 220.000 baje kwicwa. Iba barenga 20% byuzuye hamwe umubara usumba kure iya perefegitura iyo ari yo yose. == Amahuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041222095714/http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/poverty_reduction/butare_pilot.htm Butare Pilote] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041229044610/http://www.rwandatourism.com/kigali.htm Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda kuri Kigali na Butare] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/200502180725.html Butare, Umujyi 'Umunyabwenge' warushije agaciro, Ndetse no muri Jenoside], ibiro ntaramakuru bya Hirondelle, ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2005 Coordinates: 2°36′S 29°45′E / 2.6°S 29.75°E / -2.6; 29.75 [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] kv804alb45gpmwnacxk9w1fh96vnt6b 0 8748 140259 139586 2026-09-25T12:03:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140259 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chorale de Kigali''' yatanyiye muri 1966 i [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda]].[[Dosiye:Paroisse_ste_famille.jpg|thumb|Paroisse ste famille Kigali]] == Amateka == '''Chorale de Kigali''' yatangiye mu 1966 hamwe n’abaririmbyi b’abagabo gusa, abaririmbyi b’abagore binjiye nyuma mu 1987. Abatangije iyi korari ni abahanzi bo mu Rwanda bahuguwe mu maseminari no mu yandi mashuri y'abamisiyonari gatolika. Abamenyekanye muri abo bayishinze harimo '''Professeur Paulin MUSWAHILI, Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Célestin NKAKA, Henry NZAJYIBWAMI, Claver KARANGWA''' n'abandi benshi. '''Chorale de Kigali''' yamye ifite umubare munini wabatunganya n'abahimbyi b'umuziki wa chorale mu '''Rwanda'''. Abamenyekanye cyane muri bo ni '''''Saulve IYAMUREMYE, Matthieu NGIRUMPATSE, Apollinaire HABYARIMANA, Dr. Jean Claude BYIRINGIRO, Dr. Alfred NGIRABABYEYI, Pacifique TUNEZERWE.''''' [[Dosiye:Chorale 9.jpg|thumb|Chorale]] '''Chorale de Kigali''' yagiye ikora ibitaramo byinshi mu Rwanda, harimo Misa zisanzwe, amasengesho, ibitaramo ndetse n’ibindi birori byinshi by’umuco mu gihugu. Ibintu bitazibagirana cyane ni aho Chorale de Kigali yakoreye ni isabukuru y'imyaka 50 y'ubusaserdoti bwa Musenyeri [[:en:Aloys_Bigirumwami|Aloys BIGIRUMWAMI]] yizihijwe ku ya 3 Kamena 1978 ndetse na Misa itazibagirana yizihijwe na Nyiricyubahiro Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II ubwo yasuraga u [[Rwanda]] ku ya 10 Nzeri, 1990 i Nyandungu, [[Kigali]]. '''Chorale de Kigali''' ifite icyicaro kuri Paruwasi ya Cathedrale ya Saint Michael. Ariko korari iririmba nizindi ndirimbo ziteza imbere indangagaciro nziza mu ndimi zikoreshwa cyane. Chorale de Kigali yizihiza isabukuru yayo buri ya 15 Kanama ya buri mwaka, umunsi uhurirana n'Ijyanwa mu ijuru rya Bikira Mariya, mu rwego rwo kushimira uruhare rwe rwa mbere mu gucungura abantu. Kugeza ubu, abanyamuryango ba Chorale de Kigali bagera ku 150 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 17 na 70. Baturuka mu nzego nyinshi z'ubuzima; baturutse impande zose z'igihugu, imyuga itandukanye irimo abanyeshuri ndetse n'abakozi ba leta ndetse n'abikorera ku giti cyabo bahurira hamwe binyuze mu gukunda kuririmba<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.choraledekigali.rw/history |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-12 |archive-date=2022-01-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220106122249/http://choraledekigali.rw/history |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibyagezweho == '''Chorale de Kigali''' ifite byinshi yagezeho. Yahimbye kandi ikora indirimbo z’ibigo 7 bya Leta n’abigenga, isohora alubumu 13 z’indirimbo z'amajwi, yatangiye gutegura ibitaramo binini bizwi ku izina rya [[Christmas Carols Concert]], iki gitaramo kibaho iminsi mike mbere ya Noheri kuva 2013. Chorale de Kigali yitabiriye iserukiramuco rya muzika ryitwa Music Beyond Boards (MBB) ryabereye i [[Kampala]] mu 2010, naho i [[Kigali]] mu 2011 ryateguwe na Chorale de Kigali ku bufatanye na MINISPOC na MINEAC<ref name=":0" />. == Ubuyobozi == Komite nyobozi ya '''Chorale de Kigali''' igizwe na Perezida, aba Visi-Perezida babiri, abanyamabanga babiri, n'abashinzwe umutungo babiri. Perezida wa korari ubu ni '''''Mireille Umwali RUGWIZANGOGA'''''<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.choraledekigali.rw/executive |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-02-12 |archive-date=2022-01-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101025613/http://choraledekigali.rw/executive |url-status=dead }}</ref>'''''.''''' == Reba == [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Kigali]] g9kh5lwp8h3pyzas9dsxbqh8gco7py7 0 9314 140275 88937 2026-09-25T12:06:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140275 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Skeleton Coast''''' ni filime y’intambara y’abacanshuro yo muri 1987 yakozwe na John Cardos muri firime eshatu za mbere kuri producer Harry Alan Towers. Nibwo bwambere muri Towers 'Breton Film Productions<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film246859.html</ref>. == Umugambi == Mugihe cy'intambara yo muri [[Angola]] umukozi wa CIA Michael Smith akorana ninyeshyamba za UNITA<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=186805.html</ref>. Yafashwe n’ingabo za [[Angola]], yoherezwa muri gereza kugira ngo abazwe n’umudage w’iburasirazuba witwa Major Schneider<ref>https://www.troma.com/films/skeleton-coast/</ref>. Se wa Smith, Koloneli Bill Smith wahoze mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru Colonel Bill Smith ntabwo yizera leta ya [[Amerika]] kurekura umuhungu we<ref>https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/90370/skeleton-coast</ref>. Koloneli yagiye muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo y'uburengerazuba]] aho yishyuye Elia amayobera kugirango amenye amakuru yukuri kubyerekeye umuhungu we aho yari ari imbohe<ref>https://www.radiotimes.com/movie-guide/b-mo8fj6/skeleton-coast/</ref>. Colonel Smith aha akazi abacanshuro barindwi azajyana muri [[Angola]] gutabara umuhungu we<ref>https://www.independent.co.uk/travel/africa/mad-max-and-namibia-s-skeleton-coast-movie-magic-wilderness-10252467.html</ref>. Kapiteni Simpson, umuyobozi w’inzego zishinzwe umutekano z’ikirombe cya diyama afite umugabo uhanze amaso Coloneli atinya ko ashobora kuba akora magendu ya diyama<ref>https://www.moviemeter.nl/film/34937</ref>. Umugore wa Elia, Opal akomeje kugirana umubano utemewe na Simpson amumenyesha ko Coloneli yishe umuntu w’umutekano we<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/film/Skeleton_Coast/11282514</ref>, mu byukuri yishwe na Rick Weston, umuyobozi w’ingabo bwite za Smith<ref>https://mondo-esoterica.net/Skeleton%20Coast.html</ref>. Rick yamenyesheje Coloneli ko yari umukozi wibanga wa [[Angola]]. Elia yahise amenya ko Col. Smith yamwishyuye amafaranag yamiganano<ref>https://www.themoviedb.org/movie/81351-skeleton-coast</ref>. Binjiye muri Angola, abacanshuro bafatanya na Sekassi, umuyobozi wo mu bwoko bwa Jonas Savimbi w’inyeshyamba kugira ngo bashyigikire gutabara Michael Smith<ref>https://filmfront.no/utgivelse/45669/skeleton-coast</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Ernest Borgnine nka Col. Bill Smith * Robert Vaughn nka Maj. Schneider * Oliver Urubingo nka Capt. David Simpson * Herbert Lom nka Elia * Daniel Greene nka Rick Weston * Leon Isaac Kennedy nka Chuck * Nancy Mulford nka Sam * Peter Kwong nka Tohsiro * Robin Townsend nka Opal * Simon Sabela nka Sekassi * Arnold Vosloo nka Blade * Tullio Moneta nka Armando * Larry Taylor nka Robbins * Jonathan Rands nka Michael Smith == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo]] l2iz91mwdtqyqyg39khixpv577vdr5e 0 9321 140273 136688 2026-09-25T12:06:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140273 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Donald Sutherland (cropped).JPG|thumb|357x357px]] '''''A Dry White Season''''' ni filime y'ikinamico yo muri, [[Amerika]] yo mu mwaka 1989 yayobowe na Euzhan Palcy ikinwamo na Donald Sutherland, Jürgen Prochnow, Marlon Brando, Janet Suzman, Zakes Mokae naSusan Sarandon yanditswe na Colin Welland na Palcy<ref>https://www.criterion.com/films/29148-a-dry-white-season</ref>, ishingiye ku gitabo cya André Brink cyitwa '''''A Dry White Season'''''<ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/a-dry-white-season-1989</ref>. Robert Bolt nawe yatanze umusanzu wo gusubiramo amashusho atemewe<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/adrywhiteseasonrcooper_a09eab.htm</ref>. Yashyizwe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afirika y"epfo]] mu mwaka wa 1976 kandi ivuga kubyerekeye ivanguramoko. Brando yatorewe muri Oscar nk'umukinnyi witwaye neza<ref>https://mubi.com/films/a-dry-white-season</ref>. == Umugambi == [[Dosiye:Marlon Brando by Edward Cronenweth, 1955.jpg|thumb]] Mu 1976, muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'epfo]] mu gihe cya apartheid, Ben Du Toit ( Donald Sutherland ) ni umwarimu w’ishuri ryo muri [[Afurika]] yepfo ku ishuri ry’abazungu gusa. Umunsi umwe<ref>https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-ca-mn-euzhan-palcy-dry-white-season-20190201-story.html</ref>, umuhungu w’umurimyi we, Gordon Ngubene ( Winston Ntshona ), yakubiswe n’abapolisi bera nyuma yo gufatwa n’abapolisi mu myigaragambyo y’amahoro hagamijwe politiki nziza y’uburezi ku birabura muri [[Afurika]] yepfo<ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film951044.html</ref>. Gordon asaba Ben ubufasha. Ben amaze kwanga gutabara kubera ko yizeraga abapolisi, Gordon na we yafashwe na polisi kandi akorerwa iyicarubozo na Kapiteni Stolz ( Jürgen Prochnow ). Bitandukanye n'ubushake bw'umugore we Susan ( Janet Suzman ) n'umukobwa we Suzette ( Susannah Harker )<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thestudiotour.com/movies.php?movie_id=948 |title=A Dry White Season |website=thestudiotour.com |access-date=2021-11-12 |archive-date=2021-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211112124124/http://www.thestudiotour.com/movies.php?movie_id=948 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, Ben agerageza kumenya byinshi ku ibura ry'umurinyi we wenyine. Nyuma y’ivumburwa ry’ubwicanyi bwakozwe na Gordon n’umuhungu we bombi<ref>https://www.britannica.com/topic/A-Dry-White-Season-film</ref>, Ben yahisemo kugeza iki kibazo imbere y’urukiko na Ian McKenzie ( Marlon Brando ) nk'umunyamategeko ariko aratsindwa. Nyuma yaho<ref>https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo/a-dry-white-season-1989-marlon-brando.html</ref>, akomeje gukora wenyine kandi ashyigikira itsinda rito ryabirabura, barimo umushoferi we Stanley Makhaya ( Zakes Mokae ), kugira ngo afashe abandi bateze imbere imibereho<ref>https://www.tcm.com/video/1128507/dry-white-season-a-1989-land-of-love-and-glory</ref>. == Abakinnyi == * Donald Sutherland nka Ben du Toit * Janet Suzman nka Susan du Toit * Susannah Harker nka Suzette du Toit * [[Dosiye:MJK 60861 Verena Wengler und Jürgen Prochnow (Hessischer Film- und Kinopreis 2019).jpg|thumb]]Rowen Elmes nka Johan du Toit * Marlon Brando nka Ian McKenzie * Susan Sarandon nka Melanie Bruwer * Leonard Maguire nka Prof. Bruwer * Zakes Mokae nka Stanley Makhaya * Winston Ntshona nka Gordon Ngubene * Thoko Ntshinga nka Emily Ngubene * Bekhithemba Mpofu nka Jonathan Ngubene * Jürgen Prochnow nka Kapiteni Stolz * Michael Gambon nk'umucamanza * John Kani nka Julius * Gerard Thoolen nka Coloneli Viljoen * David de Keyser nka se wa Susan {| class="wikitable" |+ !Igihembo ! Icyiciro ! Nominee (s) |- | Ibihembo bya Academy | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira | rowspan="5" | Marlon Brando |- | Ibihembo bya Golden Globe | Umukinnyi mwiza ushyigikira - Ishusho yimuka |- | Ibihembo bya BAFTA | Umukinnyi mwiza mu nshingano zunganira |- | New York Film Critics Circle Awards | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira |- | rowspan="2" | Ishyirahamwe ry'abanenga amafilime ya Chicago | Umukinnyi mwiza wo gushyigikira |- | Filime nziza | ''Igihe cyumye cyera'' |- | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime ya Durban | Igihembo mpuzamahanga | rowspan="2" | Euzhan Palcy |- | rowspan="2" | Iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime | Tokiyo Grand prix |- | Umukinnyi mwiza | Marlon Brando |- |} == Amashakiro; == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Dry White Season, A}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Amerika]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Afurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika y’Epfo]] k2j53q6ihziyoa4h98hlli1dbo4urvi 0 9411 140314 130771 2026-09-26T06:22:03Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140314 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Henri-Joseph Kumba Bididi.jpg|thumb|Henri-Joseph Koumba Bididi muri festival de Cannes 2011]] [[Dosiye:Topographic map of Gabon-fr.svg|thumb|Henri yavukiye muri Gabon ninaho yakuriye]] '''Henri-Yozefu Koumba Bididi''' yavutse 15 Nyakanga 1957), ni umunya Gabo ukora filimi, akandika filimi ndetse anakora kuri Tv nka televiziyo manager umusaruro ahanini utaziguye muma documentary films<ref>http://africultures.com/personnes?no=3204</ref>. Yakoze documentaire nyinshi zamamaye cyane harimo ''na Necklace ya King'' na ''Le Singe Fou''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cines.com/en/directors/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250810060225/https://cines.com/en/directors/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |archive-date=2025-08-10 |url-status=dead}}</ref> . Usibye icyerekezo, yanakoze, yandika cyangwa ayobora inyandiko nyinshi kuri tereviziyo<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.africine.org/personne/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/3204 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204044025/http://www.africine.org/personne/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/3204 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1957 i Omboué, muri [[Gabon]] . Yarangije amashuri ya firime muri École supérieure d'études cinématographiques (ESEC) mu Bufaransa<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=69396.html</ref>. == Umwuga == Mu 1983, Bididi yakoraga nk'umuyobozi ushinzwe gukina filime ''Équatur'' iyobowe na Serge Gainsbourg <ref>https://ifcinema.institutfrancais.com/en/search?q_text=Henri-Joseph%20Koumba%20Bididi</ref>. Hanyuma mu 1986, yasinyiye muri firime ngufi ''Le singe fou'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/306060/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2020-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201010230522/https://en.unifrance.org/directories/person/306060/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Yahawe igihembo kubera kunenga abanyamakuru b'Abarabu mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Carthage ndetse anahabwa igihembo gikomeye cya Filime ngufi mu iserukiramuco rya Filime na Televiziyo rya 10 rya Panafrican rya Ouagadougou (FESPACO) mu 1987<ref>https://cines.com/en/movie-script/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi</ref>. Kuva mu 1988 kugeza 1991, Bididi yari umuyobozi w'ishami rya radiyo na televiziyo byo mu karere ka ' Haut-Ogoué <ref>https://www.eyrolles.com/Litterature/Livre/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-9782414237135/</ref>'. Kuva mu 1991 kugeza 1994, Bididi yazamuwe kuba umuyobozi wungirije mushya wa Radio Télévision Gabonaise (RTG)<ref>https://www.eyrolles.com/Litterature/Livre/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-9782414237135/</ref>. Mu 2000, yakomeje gukora nk'umuyobozi wa tereviziyo akaba na producer wa filime ye ya mbere yakinnye, ''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' <ref>https://www.librairie-gallimard.com/livre/9782414237135-henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-le-dernier-nabab-du-cinema-gabonais-kevin-biyoghe-serge/</ref>. Iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya 17 rya [[Afurika]] ryabereye i [[Wagadugu|Ouagadougou]], [[Burukina Faso|Burkina]] Faso. Mu 1994, Bididi yayoboye ibice bibiri bya serivise ya ''L'auberge du Salut''<ref>https://www.alamy.com/djogo-year-2002-gabon-france-director-henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-image225298644.html</ref> . Muri uwo mwaka, yayoboye filime yerekana ''Le collier du Makoko'', iyi ikaba ari filime ihenze cyane muri [[Afurika]] yo munsi y’ubutayu bwa Sahara yarashwe hamwe na miliyoni 4 z'amayero<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.binged.com/person/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204052901/https://www.binged.com/person/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Filime yateguwe mu myaka 4, aho gufata amashusho byatwaye amezi atatu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://afrocinestream.com/R%C3%A9alisateur/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-gabon/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2024-12-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241204052248/https://afrocinestream.com/R%C3%A9alisateur/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi-gabon/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Iyi filime yakiriwe neza mu maserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ya filime kandi yegukana igihembo cy’abacamanza kidasanzwe ndetse n’igihembo cyo gusobanura abagabo mu iserukiramuco rya Khouribga 2012 ryabereye muri [[Maroke|Maroc]]<ref>https://mubi.com/cast/henri-joseph-koumba-bididi</ref>. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo cyo Gusobanura mu iserukiramuco rya Ecrans Noirs 2012 ryabereye muri Kameruni nk'icyo gihembo cy’amajwi meza na posita nziza muri FESPACO 2013. Muri 2013<ref>https://www.cinemaafrica.uni-bayreuth.de/de/unsere-gaeste/filmemacher-im-gespraech/Henri-Joseph-Koumba-Bididi/index.html</ref>, iyi filime yatsindiye igihembo cy'abari bitabiriye iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Masuku 2013 ryabereye i Gabon.<ref>http://www.clapnoir.org/spip.php?mot281</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |1976 |''Obali'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Ayouma'' |producer |film |- |1983 |''Équateur'' (Ecuador) |producer |film |- |1983 |''L'Auberge du Salut'' (The Auberge du Salut) |producer |TV series |- |1996 |''Le Damier de Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda'' (The Checkerboard of Balufu Bakupu Kanyinda) |executive producer |film |- |2000 |''Dôlè (l'Argent)'' (Dôlè (Money)) |executive producer |film |- |2001 |''Les Couilles de l'éléphant'' (The Balls of the Elephant) |executive producer |film |- |2006 |''N'Djamena City'' |executive producer |film |- |2009 |''Lybek, le crunch du vivant'' (Lybek, the crunch of the alive) |executive producer |film |- |2011 |''Le collier du Makoko'' (The Makoko Necklace) |producer |film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] q70u8ur10vqjbji951m6v582ek2po4h 0 9646 140255 134496 2026-09-25T12:03:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kenya - Location Map (2013) - KEN - UNOCHA.svg|thumb|ruth nduluyavukiye muri kenya mumujyi wa nairob]] '''Ruth Ndulu Maingi''' (yavutse 22 Gicurasi 1983), ni umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Kenya|muri Kenya]]. <ref>https://www.kenyans.co.ke/news/54762-ruth-maingi-ex-ktn-actor-who-was-conned-twice-house-hunting-video</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime ''[[18 Hours|18 hours]]'',''The Distant Boat'' na ''Midlife Crisis''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankensaurus.com/18_Hours |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=2021-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125065123/https://frankensaurus.com/18_Hours |url-status=dead }}</ref> . [[Dosiye:Ruth_Ndulu_Maingi.jpg|thumb|right|Ruth Ndulu Maingi]] == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1983 i Machakos, muri Kenya nk'uwa kane mu muryango hamwe na bavandimwe be batandatu. <ref name="SPLA">{{Cite web |url=http://kenya.spla.pro/en/file.person.ruth-ndulu-maingi-salome.42819.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=2021-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125065132/http://kenya.spla.pro/en/file.person.ruth-ndulu-maingi-salome.42819.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Kathiani na Township School Primary School i Machakos. Yarangije impamyabumenyi mu bwishingizi nyuma y'amashuri yisumbuye. <ref name="standardmedia">https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/evewoman/trendsetters/article/2000121454/fashion-forward-actress</ref> == Umwuga == Yatangiye umwuga we wo kubyina. Ariko, nyuma yaje kwimukira mu buhanzi kugira ngo akore umwuga maze yinjira mu ishuri ry’imyidagaduro ry’igihugu cya [[Kenya]] imyaka ibiri. Muri 2007, yinjiye mu bitaramo bya Kigezi Ndoto. Hanyuma muri 2008, yimukiye mu Buhinde ''akinira'' ''Sauti Kimya'' na Githaa. Muri 2011 yakinnye bwa mbere muri firime na ''Marshal yo muri Finlande'' <ref>https://thecitizenng.com/kenyan-actress-ndulu-maingi-makes-nollywood-debut/</ref>. Muri uwo mwaka, yatoranijwe kugira ngo ayobore muri televiziyo ''Lies that Bind'', byatangiye kuri televiziyo. Muri uruhererekane, yakinnye 'Salome', umugore wa gatatu n'urukundo nyarwo rwa Richard Juma, n'umugore wa gatatu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.wordaz.com/Maingi.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=2021-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125065124/https://www.wordaz.com/Maingi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Noneho muri 2013, yakinnye mu ikinamico izwi cyane ya Swahili ''Mama Duka'' afite uruhare runini<ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/ruth-maingi</ref>. Ku ruhare rwe, yaje guhabwa icyubahiro muri 2014 Magic Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2014 . Yagize uruhare runini nk'umutoza muri serivise ya tereviziyo ''The Team'', hamwe na Media Focus kuri Afrika yakozwe na Dreamcatcher<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/c6f54332d15718eb80f076450095f8be |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=2021-11-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211125065124/https://ng.opera.news/ng/en/entertainment/c6f54332d15718eb80f076450095f8be |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Muri 2014, yakinnye muri firime ebyiri: ''The Next African Film Maker'' na ''Orphan''. Muri 2018, yakinnye bwa mbere muri Nollywood muri firime ''Family First'' iyobowe na Lancelot Imasuen<ref>https://www.vanguardngr.com/2018/09/kenyan-actress-ndulu-maingi-gets-her-nollywood-calling/</ref> . <ref>https://thecitizenng.com/kenyan-actress-ndulu-maingi-makes-nollywood-debut/</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2012 |''The Marshal of Finland'' |Maria |Film |- |2013 |''Mama Duka'' |Mama Duka |TV Series short |- |2013 |''The Distant Boat'' |Ruth Malombe |Film |- |2015 |''[[:en:Fundi-Mentals|Fundi-Mentals]]'' | |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:18_Hours|18 Hours]]'' | |Film |- |2018 |''Family First'' | |Film |- |2019 |''The System'' |Rachel |TV Series |- |2020 |''[[:en:Lies_that_Bind|Lies that Bind]]'' |Salome |TV Series |- |2020 |''Midlife Crisis'' |Gigi, Stylist |Film |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyakenya]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] 21tknmd11cris7oks7cdvn3f3tonks9 0 9756 140303 108361 2026-09-26T02:42:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140303 wikitext text/x-wiki == Cecile Nkomeje == mu mwaka wibihumbi bibi na kane 2004 nibwo hashinzwe ikigo gikomeye gishinzwe gutunganya imiti nibikoresho bya Laboratoire kizwi nka Pharmalab ltd kiyobowe na Madamu Cecile Nkomeje iki kigo cyashinzwe murwego rwo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi na Laboratoire mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no [[African Jim|mukarere]] ruherereyemo. Pharmalab Ltd ni uruganda rukora cyane ibikoresho byifashishwa mu buvuzi munzu batangiramo ibizamini Laboratoire harimo nk' udutibe batangiramo amaraso,inkari,umusarane nibindi.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/trade-deficit-narrows-36-three-years</ref> == Amateka == Madamu Cecile Nkomeje ni Umuyobozi mukuru wa Pharmalab Ltd uru ruganda rukora ibikorwa by'indashyikirwa. rwatangiye mu mwaka wa 2004 nkuko twabisobanuye haruguru batangiye batumiza ibikoresho hanze y'igihugu ariko bakabifashwamo na Leta yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. muri 2014 bakoze urugendo shuri mugihugu cya [[Tanzaniya]] mu rwego rwo kungera ubumenyi ari naho baherewe inyigisho zo gukora ayo ma tube. mu mwaka a 2015 nibwo batangiye kubaka aho bazajya batunganyiriza ayo ma tube Imasoro mu cyanya k'Inganda. 2016 nibwo batangiye gushyira mubikorwa ubumenyi bwabo batangira gukora ibikoresho ari nabwo basurwaga n'ikigo gishinzwe gutsura ubuziranenge RSB (Rwanda standards board). [[Ministry of Infrastructure (Rwanda) - MININFRA|Minisiteri y'ubuzima]] na Laboratoire Nationale basanga ibikoresho bakora byujuje ubuziranenge<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thebridge.rw/pharmalab-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-mu-kuziba-icyuho-cyibitumizwa-hanze/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128103930/https://thebridge.rw/pharmalab-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-mu-kuziba-icyuho-cyibitumizwa-hanze/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umusaruro == kurubu ibikoresho byavaga mu mahanga nka [[Ubuhinde|Inde]], [[Chinedu Ikedieze|Chine]], na Europe byarahagaritswe uru ruganda Pharmalab nirwo rutanga ibikoresho byose bikoreshwa mu bitaro bitandukanye ibigo nderabuzima na ma clinique zigenga mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]. umuyobozi wa Pharmalab Cecile Nkomeje<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://pharmalab.rw/index.php/contact |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128103927/http://pharmalab.rw/index.php/contact |url-status=dead }}</ref> avugako kuva ibikoresho byatangira gukorerwa mu Rwanda aribwo igiciro kiri hasi cyane kuko bahisemo gufata inyungu nke ariko kubintu byinshi. == Ingano yibikoresho bakora == umubare wibikoresho bakora mu mwaka ungana na millioni 25 kandi bavugako hakenerwa ibikoresho biri hagati ya millioni 8 ni 10 mu mwaka bavuga kandi ko icyuho kibyatumizwaga hanze cyagabanutseho 36% ndetse igipimo kibyoherezwa mu mahanga kigabanukaho 69%. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thebridge.rw/pharmalab-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-mu-kuziba-icyuho-cyibitumizwa-hanze/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128103930/https://thebridge.rw/pharmalab-kimwe-mu-bisubizo-mu-kuziba-icyuho-cyibitumizwa-hanze/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Inshingano == inshingano yabo ni ugutanga ibikoresho byinshi bikoreshwa mubuvuzi ndetse nibikoresho bya Laboratoire byujuje ubuziranenge kwisoko kandi bifite ireme kandi kugiciro kiza ndetse na serivice inoze.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eahealth.org/directory/search/organisations/pharmalab-ltd |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128103938/https://www.eahealth.org/directory/search/organisations/pharmalab-ltd |archive-date=2021-11-28 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ibihembo == Madamu Cecile Nkomeje yatsindiye igihembo gitangwa na RDB Bussiness Excellene Awards muri 2017 nku mugore wihangiye imirimo kandi akiteza imbere kurwego rushimishije Cecile kandi yavuzeko kuva yahabwa icyo gihembo iterambere rye ryikubye ubugira kabiri.<ref>https://twitter.com/rdbrwanda/status/1085251011311226880?lang=eu</ref> == Reba == 7u53ydkyo9qk01i7ri6nqtwkanm7mxg 0 12964 140290 113570 2026-09-25T12:55:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140290 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Disability_symbols.svg|thumb| Ibimenyetso byubumuga]]   '''Ubumuga:''' nubunararibonye bwibintu byose bituma bigora cyane umuntu gukora ibikorwa runaka cyangwa kugira uburenganzira bungana mumuryango runaka. Ubumuga bushobora kuba ubwenge, iterambere, ubwenge, ubwenge, umubiri, ibyiyumvo, cyangwa guhuza ibintu byinshi. Ubumuga burashobora kuboneka kuva akivuka cyangwa burashobora kuboneka mubuzima bwumuntu. Amateka, ubumuga bwamenyekanye gusa hashingiwe ku ngingo ngufi-ariko, ubumuga ntabwo ari binary kandi burashobora kuboneka mubiranga bidasanzwe bitewe numuntu ku giti cye. Ubumuga bushobora kugaragara byoroshye, cyangwa butagaragara muri kamere. [[Dosiye:Handicapped boy on his bicycle.jpg|thumb]] Amasezerano y’umuryango w’abibumbye y’uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga asobanura ubumuga nka:  ubumuga bwigihe kirekire bwumubiri, ubwenge, ubwenge cyangwa ibyumviro bishobora gukorana nimbogamizi zitandukanye bishobora kubangamira uruhare rwumuntu kandi rukomeye muri societe muburyo bungana nabandi. Ubumuga bwagaragaye mu buryo butandukanye mu mateka, binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Hariho uburyo bubiri bwingenzi bugerageza gusobanura ubumuga muri societe yacu: icyitegererezo cyubuvuzi nicyitegererezo cyimibereho. Icyitegererezo cyubuvuzi gikora nkuburyo bufatika bufata ubumuga nkubuvuzi butifuzwa busaba ubuvuzi bwihariye. Avuga ku buryo bw'ubuvuzi bakunda kwibanda ku gushakisha intandaro y'ubumuga, kimwe no gukira - nk'ikoranabuhanga rifasha. Icyitegererezo cy’imibereho ishingiye ku bumuga nk’imbogamizi zashyizweho na sosiyete ku bantu badafite ubushobozi nkubwinshi bwabaturage. Nubwo icyitegererezo cyubuvuzi nicyitegererezo cyimibereho aribwo buryo bukunze kugaragara kubumuga, hariho izindi moderi nyinshi zerekana ubumuga. [[Dosiye:Persons with Disabilities Day.jpg|thumb]] Hariho amagambo menshi asobanura ibintu byubumuga. Nubwo amagambo amwe abaho gusa kugirango asobanure ibintu bijyanye n'ubumuga, andi yibanze ku gupfobya no guha akato ababana n'ubumuga. Amagambo amwe afite ibisobanuro bibi kuburyo bifatwa nkibitutsi. Ingingo iriho ubu ni ukumenya niba bikwiye gukoresha ururimi-rwambere rwumuntu (nukuvuga umuntu wamugaye) cyangwa ururimi-rwambere (nukuvuga abamugaye) mugihe bivuga ubumuga numuntu kugiti cye. Bitewe no guhezwa kw'abafite ubumuga, habaye impamvu nyinshi ziharanira inyungu zita ku mibereho iboneye no kugera muri sosiyete. Abaharanira ubumuga baharaniye kubona uburenganzira bungana kandi buringaniye hakurikijwe amategeko - nubwo hakiri ibibazo bya politiki bifasha cyangwa biteza imbere gukandamiza abamugaye. Nubwo ibikorwa byubumuga bigira uruhare mu gusenya sisitemu yabishoboye, amahame mbonezamubano ajyanye no kumva ubumuga akenshi ashimangirwa na trop zikoreshwa n'itangazamakuru. Kubera ko imyumvire mibi y’ubumuga ikwirakwira muri sosiyete igezweho, abamugaye bitabaje kwivuganira bagerageza gusubiza inyuma ihohoterwa ryabo. Kumenyekanisha ubumuga nkindangamuntu ibaho mu buryo butandukanye ishingiye ku zindi ndangamuntu zinyuranye z'umuntu ku giti cye ni imwe ikunze kugaragazwa nabafite ubumuga bunganira. Guha akato ubumuga kuva muri societe rusange byatanze amahirwe yumuco wubumuga. Mu gihe abaharanira ubumuga bakomeje guteza imbere kwinjiza abamugaye muri sosiyete rusange, hashyizweho ahantu henshi h’abafite ubumuga hagamijwe guteza imbere umuryango w’abafite ubumuga - nko mu buhanzi, imbuga nkoranyambaga, na siporo. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Multi Disability Championships 2018 Chermside Bowls Club 468 Rode Rd Chermside P1040374.jpg|thumb]] Gusobanukirwa ubumuga bwa none biva mubitekerezo byavutse mugihe cyo kumurikirwa siyanse muburengerazuba; mbere yo Kumurikirwa, itandukaniro ryumubiri ryarebwaga binyuze mumurongo utandukanye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Moore |first=Michael |date=January 2015 |title=Religious Attitudes toward the Disabled (2015) |url=https://infidels.org/library/modern/michael_moore/disabled.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200504062427/https://infidels.org/library/modern/michael_moore/disabled.html |archive-date=May 4, 2020 |access-date=30 April 2020 |website=infidels.org |publisher=The Secular Web}}</ref> Hariho ibimenyetso byabantu mugihe cyabanjirije amateka yita kubantu bafite ubumuga. Kuri Archeologiya ya Windover, imwe muri skelet yari umugabo wimyaka 15 ufite spina bifida. Imiterere yashakaga kuvuga ko umuhungu, ushobora kuba yaramugaye munsi yikibuno, yitaweho mumuryango uhiga abahigi. <ref>{{Cite book|pages=25}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite book|pages=75}}</ref> Ubumuga ntibwabonwaga nk'uburyo bwo guhanwa n'Imana bityo abamugaye ntibatsembwe cyangwa ngo bavangwe kubera ubumuga bwabo. Benshi ahubwo bakoreshwaga mu nzego zitandukanye z'umuryango wa Mezopotamiya harimo no gukora mu nsengero z'idini nk'abakozi b'imana. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=429–450}}</ref> Muri Egiputa ya kera, abakozi bakundaga gukoreshwa muri sosiyete. Ikoreshwa rusange kuri bo kwari kubantu bakuze bafite ubumuga kubafasha kugenda. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=450–454}}</ref> o76rmff1d6okrmoc2ysrj5fkhzv3imq 0 13022 140260 111461 2026-09-25T12:03:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Autism-Neurodiversity-or-Mental-health-symbol.svg|thumb|Autism-Neurodiversity-or-Mental-health-symbol]] [[Dosiye:Mental_Health_Word_Cloud.svg|thumb|Mental Health Word Cloud]] [[Dosiye:Mental Disorder Silhouette.png|thumb|mental disorder]] [[Dosiye:Mental-health.jpg|thumb|uburwayi bwo mumutwe]] '''Ubuforomo''' '''[[:en:Mental_health_nurse|bwo mu mutwe]]''' cyangwa '''ubuforomo''' bwo mu mutwe ni umwanya washyizweho [[:en:Nursing|n'umuforomo]] winzobere mu buzima bwo mu [[:en:Mental_health|mutwe]], kandi yita ku bantu b'ingeri zose bafite [[:en:Mental_health|uburwayi bwo mu mutwe]] cyangwa ibibazo. Muri byo harimo: indwara ya neurodevelopmental disorders, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, ihungabana ryumutima, ibiyobyabwenge, ihungabana, imiterere mibi, kurya nabi, ibitekerezo byo kwiyahura, psychose, paranoia, no kwikomeretsa .Abaforomo bo muri kano karere bahabwa amahugurwa yihariye yubuvuzi bwo mu [[:en:Psychotherapy|mutwe]], kubaka ubumwe bwo kuvura, guhangana [[:en:Psychiatric_medication|n’imyitwarire igoye]], hamwe n’imiyoborere [[:en:Psychiatric_medication|y’imiti yo mu mutwe]] .Mu bihugu byinshi, nyuma ya za 90, umuforomo w’indwara zo mu mutwe yagombaga kubona impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye n'ubuforomo kugira ngo abe [[:en:Registered_nurse|umuforomo wanditswe (RN)]], kandi azobereye mu buzima bwo mu mutwe. Impamyabumenyi ziratandukanye mu bihugu bitandukanye, kandi bigengwa n’amabwiriza yihariye y’igihugu. Muri Reta zunze ubumwe z'[[amerika]] umuntu arashobora kuba RN, numuforomo windwara zo mumutwe, arangije porogaramu ya dipolome, impamyabumenyi (ASN), cyangwa impamyabumenyi (BSN). Kugeza mu myaka ya za 90 Urwego 5 GCSEs / O rwari ruhagije kandi nta mpamyabumenyi cyangwa izindi mpamyabumenyi z'ubuforomo zari zisabwa. == Gutabara == Ibikorwa byubuforomo birashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bikurikira: <ref name="Boyd, M. 1998">https://archive.org/details/psychiatricnursi0000unse_g1y2</ref> === Ibikorwa byumubiri nibinyabuzima === == Imiti yubu rwayi bwo mu mutwe == [[:en:Psychiatric_medication|Imiti yo mu mutwe]] ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane kandi [[:en:Mental_health_nurse|abaforomo benshi bo mu mutwe]] bo mu mutwe bafite uruhare mu micungire y’imiti, haba mu kanwa (urugero nka tablet cyangwa amazi) cyangwa no [[:en:Intramuscular_injection|gutera inshinge]]. Abaforomo barashobora kwandika imiti. Abaforomo bazakurikirana ingaruka nibisubizo kuri ubwo [[Ubuvuzi|buvuzi]] bakoresheje isuzuma. <ref>https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6376699</ref> Abaforomo bazatanga kandi amakuru ku miti kugirango, aho bishoboka, umuntu ubishinzwe ashobora guhitamo neza, akoresheje ibimenyetso byiza bishingiye ku buvuzi bihari. === Referances === {{DEFAULTSORT:Ubuforomo_bwubuzima _bwo_mutwe}} [[Ikiciro:Health]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Indwara]] [[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]] 2o9of36imdi99tgvic84b9q758xtdx8 0 13498 140248 90001 2026-09-25T12:02:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140248 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:McDonald's logo.svg|thumb]] '''Isosiyete ya McDonald''' ni urwego runini ku isi rwa resitora yihuta. ''Inyungu, amakuru yibigo, nibindi'' Uruganda rwubucuruzi rwa McDonald rutandukanye gato nizindi minyururu myinshi yihuta. Nkibisabwa namasezerano yubufaransa, McDonald's ifite umutungo francises nyinshi ya McDonald iherereyemo. Isosiyete ikura amafaranga muri francises muburyo bwubukode bwuzuye, bufitanye isano nigice cyo kugurisha. Kutubahiriza ibikubiye mu masezerano ya franchise birashobora gutuma wirukanwa. Nkuko Harry J. Sonneborne, umwe mu bashinze McDonald yabivuze, "Turi mu bucuruzi bw’imitungo itimukanwa. Impamvu imwe gusa yo kugurisha [hamburgers] ni ukubera ko ari yo itanga umusaruro mwinshi aho abapangayi bacu bashobora kutwishyura ubukode." [1] '''Amateka''' Restaurant ya mbere ya MacDonald yashinzwe mu 1940 n'abavandimwe Dick na Mac McDonald i San Bernadino, muri Californiya. Restaurant ya McDonald yamenyekanye cyane nyuma ya 1948 , ubwo abavandimwe bashyiraga mu bikorwa udushya twabo "Speedee Service Sisitemu", kubaka umurongo wa hamburger no gukora wenyine. [[Dosiye:Big Mac combo meal.jpg|thumb]] Mu 1954, umucuruzi wa entrepeneur hamwe n’amata avanga amata Ray Krok yashimishijwe na resitora ya McDonald nyuma yo kubona ubushobozi bwabo budasanzwe. Amaze kubona resitora ikora, yegereye abavandimwe ba McDonald amusaba gufungura resitora nshya ya McDonald, we ubwe akaba ari francisee wa mbere. Krok yakoze cyane kugirango agurishe McDonald's. Yagerageje no gutsinda ku gihe yari aziranye na Walt Disney mu gihe cy'intambara, yizeye ko azafungura MacDonald muri Disneyland igiye gufungurwa. Amaherezo yafunguye resitora ye ya mbere muri Des Plaines, Illinois. Byagenze neza ako kanya. Isosiyete nshya ya Krok yiswe "McDonald's Systems Inc.", yashinzwe ku ya 2 Werurwe 1955 . Mu 1960, isosiyete yiswe "McDonald's Corporation". Kimwe mu byo Krok yamamaza ni icyemezo yafashe cyo gucuruza hamburg ya McDonald mu miryango, cyane cyane ku bana. Mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 , francisee ya Washington, DC McDonald witwa Oscar Goldstein yateye inkunga igitaramo cy’abana cyitwa ''Bozo's Circus'', yakinnye na clown yakinnye na Willard Scott. Igihe igitaramo cyahagaritswe, Goldstein yahaye akazi Scott nka mascot nshya ya McDonald, " Ronald McDonald ". Ingeso yaje gukwirakwira mu bindi bihugu binyuze mu bukangurambaga bwo kwamamaza, nubwo hemejwe ko Scott yari afite uruhare runini ku ruhare. Mu masezerano Krok yagiranye n'abavandimwe ba McDonald, yari ashinzwe ibikorwa byose byo kwaguka, mu gihe abavandimwe bakomeje kugenzura ibikorwa by’umusaruro n’umugabane w’inyungu. Kugeza mu 1961, Krok yababajwe cyane n'iyo gahunda. Nyuma y’imishyikirano, abavandimwe ba McDonald bakize neza bemeye kugurisha Krok uburenganzira bw’ubucuruzi ku bikorwa byabo ku madolari miliyoni 2.7, yatijwe n’abashoramari benshi (harimo na kaminuza ya Princeton). Amasezerano yemereye abavandimwe kugumana resitora yabo yumwimerere - yiswe "The Big M" - yagumye ifunguye kugeza igihe Krok ayirukanye mubucuruzi afungura McDonald hakurya y'umuhanda. Iyaba abavandimwe bakomeje amasezerano yabo yambere, akabaha 0,5% yumutungo winjiza buri mwaka, bari gukusanya hafi miliyoni 180 z'amadolari yumwaka. [1] * Byanyeretse inshuro nyinshi ko Ray Kroc atigeze akora ubucuruzi bwo gukora hamburger, yari mu bucuruzi atangira kugurisha hamburger nyinshi zishoboka, kandi ko nyuma yaje mu bucuruzi bwo guhugura abandi gukoresha sisitemu imwe mugusubiza umugabane winyungu zabo. Aya makuru akwiye kuba mubyinjira kuri Ray? aoi4c3tse0wrsq9fop5k6slagt6kh7o 0 13755 140261 100134 2026-09-25T12:03:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:MOKFC06.jpg|thumb|Ifoto igaragaza ahantu habaye isuri iterwa n'umuyaga.]] ubushakashatsi ku "Isuri iterwa n'umuyaga kubutaka bw'iburayi" wari umushinga w’ubushakashatsi watewe inkunga muri gahunda y’ibihugu by’Uburayi w’ibidukikije n’ikirere, wari ugamije guteza imbere urugero ruto rw’isuri y’umuyaga ku rwego rw’imirima, hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri bibanza bitatu byo kwipimisha muri Saxony yo hepfo, Scania, na Suffolk. uyu wari umushinga wubufatanye hagati ya kaminuza nkuru ya Londere, ubushakashatsi bwa geologiya ya Lower Saxony (Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung) mu kigo cy’ikoranabuhanga ry’ubutaka, Bremen, kaminuza ya Lund, na kaminuza ya Wageningen. Yatangiye kuva 1997 kugeza 2000. == Ishakiro ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060511184129/http://www.dow.wau.nl/eswc/research/weels1.html http://www.dow.wau.nl/eswc/ubushakashatsi/weels1.html] * * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060430071423/http://www.geog.ucl.ac.uk/weels/report.htm WEELS raporo yanyuma], nkibishobora gukururwa dosiye ya pdf li2lzfi7sjc79qli0a9ov8fn0o16mlb 0 13920 140231 90930 2026-09-25T12:00:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140231 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Axali Doëseb''' (wavutse mu 1954) n'umuhimbyi w'amanota ya muzika wo muri [[Namibiya]]. Yanditse kandi ahimba " Namibiya, Igihugu cy'Ubutwari ", iyi ikaba ari indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cya [[Namibiya]] kuva mu 1991. Yabaye kandi umuyobozi wa Orchestre y'igihugu Symphony. Muguhhimba indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu yagenzurwaga na Hidipo Hamutenya, icyo gihe yari perezida wa ''komite ishinzwe ibimenyetso bikuru by’igihugu''. Mu 2006, Hamutenya yavuze ko yanditse ayo magambo ayigize we ubwe, "mu ndege yerekeza muri Cuba", ariko Doëseb arabihakana. == Ubuzima == Doëseb yavutse mu 1954 i Okahandja. Yerekanwe n'umuziki mu myaka ye y'amashuri, yize amasomo ya piyano mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Martin Luther, i Okombahe. Nyuma yaje guhimba liturujiya y'Itorero ry'ivugabutumwa Lutheran muri Namibiya. Doëseb yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse muri muzika muri Musikschule Herford (mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] ). Mu 1997, yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu bugeni ayikuye mu ishami rya Muzika muri kaminuza ya Marlborough ( mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] ). Nkumuhimbyi uzwi cyane, Doëseb yasabwe n.amashuri menshi kubandikira indirimbo zabo zishuri. Yabaye kandi perezida wa komite ishinzwe guhimba indirimbo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]], muri [[Etiyopiya]]. Muri 2014, yahawe igihembo cy'ubuzima bwe bwose muri (Namibian Annual Music Awards) (NAMAs) ibihembo byirushanwa ngarukamwaka rya muzika ryo muri Namibiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Namibia: Axali Doëseb to Be Honoured As a Lifetime Achiever at the Namas |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201404241172.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171128202929/http://allafrica.com/stories/201404241172.html |archive-date=28 November 2017 |access-date=26 August 2015 |website=AllAfrica.com}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} 8201uf66be84ld666oguri4zyj8heym 0 13928 140304 134095 2026-09-26T02:45:05Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140304 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"| <div class="">Celestine Donkor</div> |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Izina</span> | class="infobox-data nickname" |Celestine Akakpo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Injyana | class="infobox-data" |Indirimbo zihimbaza Imana |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |Umwuga | class="infobox-data role" |Umuririmbyi, umwanditsi w'indirimbo |- ! class="infobox-label" scope="row" |<span class="nowrap">Igihe yakoreye</span> | class="infobox-data" |2007– Kugeza na n'ubu |} <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> [[Category:Articles with short description]] [[Category:Short description is different from Wikidata]] [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Category:Pages using infobox musical artist with associated acts]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki]] '''Celestine Donkor''' ni umuhanzi w'indirimbo zihimbaza Imana wo mu gihugu cya [[Gana]] akaba n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celestine Donkor |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/person.php?ID=640&mode=biography |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=GNGMA 19: Celestine Donkor crowned Artist of The Year |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage//GNGMA-19-Celestine-Donkor-crowned-Artist-of-The-Year-871525 |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2021, yari umwe mu bagore 30 ba mbere bakomeye muri muzika binyuze muri ''3Music Awards'' mu cyiciro cy'abagore. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Amaarae, Cina Soul, Gyakie, Adina, Theresa Ayoade, others named in 3Music Awards' Top 30 Women in Music list - MyJoyOnline.com |url=https://www.myjoyonline.com/amaarae-cina-soul-gyakie-adina-theresa-ayoade-others-named-in-3music-awards-top-30-women-in-music-list/ |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=www.myjoyonline.com |language=en-US}}</ref> Yashinze Celestial Praise, igitaramo ngarukamwaka cya muzika yo guhimbaza Imana. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-05 |title=3Music Awards organisers name Top 30 Women in Music |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/03/3music-awards-organisers-name-top-30-women-in-music/ |access-date=2021-03-18 |website=Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana |language=en-US}}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo mugihe cya mbere n'uburere == Donkor yavutse mu muryango wa Bwana na Madamu Akakpo, bombi bakomoka mu karere ka Volta muri [[Gana]]. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-22 |title=Gospel musician says her mum tried to abort her |url=https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/celestine-donkor-gospel-musician-says-her-mum-tried-to-abort-her/khf7gj4 |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Entertainment |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125819/https://www.pulse.com.gh/entertainment/celebrities/celestine-donkor-gospel-musician-says-her-mum-tried-to-abort-her/khf7gj4 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Who is Celestine? |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/7745/who-is-celestine.html |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Amashuri abanza yayize mu ishuri ritegura rya St Augustine i Abeka Lapaz akomereza ku ishuri ryisumbuye ry’ubucuruzi rya Nsaaniya i Kasoa aho yize amashuri yy isumbuye. Yakomereje muri kaminuza ya Gana, muri Legon aho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya yicyubahiro y'icyiciro cya mbere cya kaminuza mu ishami ry'ubumenyi bw'imibanire y'abantu n'amasomo yo gucunga amakuru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hypers |first=Gospel |title=Gospel Artist Profile & Biography – Celestine Donkor {{!}} Gospel Hypers |url=https://www.gospelhypers.com/2020/02/gospel-artist-profile-biography.html |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Africa's No1 Gospel Music Marketing Agency and Entertainment Blog • Gospel Hypers |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125818/https://www.gospelhypers.com/2020/02/gospel-artist-profile-biography.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga wa muzika == Donkor yakoranye n'abahanzi benshi b'injyana ihimbaza Imana, <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 October 2017 |title=Celestine Donkor performs at Adom Praiz |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Celestine-Donkor-performs-at-Adom-Praiz-588873 |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> barimo Joe Mettle, Joyce Blessing, Ceccy Twum, Mkhululi Bhebhe, Edem, Philipa Baafi, Funny Face . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joe Mettle, Celestine Donkor, Lord Kenya Lead Pentecost Gospel Concert |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/48527/joe-mettle-celestine-donkor-lord-kenya-lead-pent.html |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> Afite indirimbo nyinshi zamenyekanye, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Shem |first=Shemcy |date=2018-08-17 |title=Top trending Celestine Donkor songs |url=https://yen.com.gh/114277-top-trending-celestine-donkor-songs.html |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Yen.com.gh - Ghana news. |language=en |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125818/https://yen.com.gh/114277-top-trending-celestine-donkor-songs.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> zirimo "Turning around", "Bigger", "Okronkronhene", "Manim Nguase", "Boobobo". Album ye aheruka ''Agbebolo'' yamuhesheje igihembo cyo kuba Umuhanzi w'umwaka muri ''National Gospel Music Awards'' mu bih.mbo by'indirimbo zihimbaza Imana mu gihugu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celestine Donkor wins Gospel Artist of the Year at NGMA 2019 |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/ghana-music/celestine-donkor-wins-gospel-artist-of-year-at-ngma-2019.html |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Graphic Showbiz Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-19 |title=Celestine Donkor crowned the overall gospel artist of the year at NGMA19 (Full List) |url=https://worshippersgh.com/celestine-donkor-crowned-the-overall-gospel-artist-of-the-year-at-ngma19-full-list/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=WorshippersGh |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125820/https://worshippersgh.com/celestine-donkor-crowned-the-overall-gospel-artist-of-the-year-at-ngma19-full-list/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yashakanye na Bwana Donkor bafitanye abana ba bakobwa batatu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=5 May 2017 |title=Celestine Donkor and her husband renew their wedding vows at Celestial Praiz 2017 |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Celestine-Donkor-and-her-husband-renew-their-wedding-vows-at-Celestial-Praiz-2017-535324 |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> == Disikogarafi == === Alubumu === * ''Gye Wadea'' (2007) * ''Restoration'' (2010) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celestine Donkor brings Restoration to the world - Ghanamma.com |url=https://www.ghanamma.com/2010/11/30/celestine-donkor-brings-restoration-to-the-world/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125818/https://www.ghanamma.com/2010/11/30/celestine-donkor-brings-restoration-to-the-world/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * ''Righteousness'' (2015) * ''Turning Around'' (2015) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celestine to launch Turning Around album |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/entertainment/events/celestine-to-launch-turning-around-album.html |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Graphic Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> * ''Okronkronhene'' (2018) <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-10-28 |title=Celestine Donkor - Okronkronhene (Music Download) |url=https://www.gospelempiregh.com/music/celestine-donkor-okronkronhene/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=GospelEmpireGh |language=en-GB}}</ref> * ''Bread of life'' (2019) <ref>{{Cite web |title=New video: Celestine Donkor out with 'Agbebolo' (Bread of Life) |url=http://www.myjoyonline.com/entertainment/2019/June-10th/new-video-celestine-donkor-out-with-agbebolo-bread-of-life.php |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=www.myjoyonline.com}}</ref> == Gutanga ibihembo == {| class="wikitable" |+ !Umwaka ! Icyabaye ! Igihembo ! Igihangano cyatoranijwe ! Reba |- | rowspan="4" | 2022 | rowspan="4" | 3Music Awards | Igihangano cy'indirimbo ihimbaza Imana cy'umwaka | Herself | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kotey |first=Nii |date=27 March 2022 |title=3Music News: 3Music Awards '22: Here are all the winners |url=https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2 |access-date=27 March 2022 |website=3Music TV |language= |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401032059/https://3music.tv/section/news/article?nid=nwi7nMUc8EfDQv03wzwIVX6zdP2 |archive-date=1 April 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> |- | Umuhanzi w'umwaka | Only You | rowspan="3" | <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Hansen |first=Gabriel Myers |date=14 February 2022 |title=3Music Awards 2022: All the nominees |url=https://www.musicinafrica.net/magazine/3music-awards-2022-all-nominees |access-date=26 March 2022 |website=Music In Africa |language=}}</ref> |- | Indirimbo y'ivugabutumwa bwiza y'umwaka | Herself |- | Umugore w'umwaka | Herself |- | rowspan="3" | 2021 | rowspan="3" | Ibihembo bya muzika bya Vodafone Ghana | Umuhanzi mwiza w'indirimbo zihimbaza Imana w'umwaka | Herself | rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dadzie |first=Kwame |date=4 April 2021 |title=FULL LIST: Vodafone Ghana Music Awards releases 2021 nominations |url=https://citinewsroom.com/2021/04/full-list-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-releases-2021-nominations/ |access-date=6 April 2021 |website=CitiNewsroom |language=}}</ref> |- | Ubufatanye mpuzamahanga bw'umwaka | Favor everywhere ft Blessing Wanjiru |- | Indirimbo nziza y'ivugabutumwa rihimbaza Imana y'umwaka | Favor everywhere ft Blessing Wanjiru |- | rowspan="3" | 2020 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya muzika bya Vodafone Ghana | Indirimbo y'ivugabutumwa rihimbaza Imana y'umwaka | Agbebolo (Bread of life) ft Nhyiraba Gideon | rowspan="2" | <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-08-30 |title=Full list: 21st Vodafone Ghana Music Awards winners |url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/entertainment/Full-list-21st-Vodafone-Ghana-Music-Awards-winners-1046287 |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=www.ghanaweb.com |language=en}}</ref> |- | Vocaliste w'umwaka | Herself |- | 3Music Awards | Indirimbo y'ivugabutumwa y'umwaka | Agbebolo (Bread of life) ft Nhyiraba Gideon | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Full list of winners at 3Music Awards '20 |url=https://www.graphic.com.gh/showbiz/news/full-list-of-winners-at-3music-awards-20.html |access-date=2020-09-06 |website=Graphic Showbiz Online |language=en-gb}}</ref> |- | rowspan="3" | 2019 | rowspan="3" | Ibihembo byo ku rwego rw'igihugu by'indirimbo zihimbaza Imana | Umuhanzi w'umwaka | Herself | rowspan="3" | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Celestine Donkor wins Gospel Artist of the Year at NGMA 2019 |url=https://www.businessghana.com/ |access-date=2022-04-12 |website=BusinessGhana}}</ref> |- | Album y'umwaka | Agbebolo |- | Ubufatanye bw'umwaka | Agbebolo (Umugati wubuzima) ft Nhyiraba Gideon |- | 2018 | Ibihembo bya muzika bya Vodafone Ghana | Umuhanzi w'ubutumwa buhimbaza Imana w'umwaka | Herself | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Acquah |first=Edward |date=2018-03-04 |title=2018 Vodafone Ghana Music Awards: Full list of nominees |url=https://kasapafmonline.com/2018/03/2018-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-full-list-nominees/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Kasapa102.5FM |language=en-US |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225131323/https://kasapafmonline.com/2018/03/2018-vodafone-ghana-music-awards-full-list-nominees/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2014 | rowspan="2" | Ibihembo bya muzika bya gikirisitu | Indirimbo gakondo yahizizindi | Herself | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ghana |first=News |title=A Christian Community Music Awards 2013 has been launched at a ceremony in Accra by CCML |url=https://www.newsghana.com.gh/a-christian-community-music-awards-2013-has-been-launched-at-a-ceremony-in-accra-by-ccml/ |access-date=2020-02-25 |language=en-US}}</ref> |- | 2012 | Indirimbo gakondo yahize izindi | Herself | <ref>{{Cite web |last=Online |first=Peace FM |title=Christian Community Music Awards Honour Cwesi Oteng, Sonnie Badu, Others |url=https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201305/165691.php |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=www.peacefmonline.com |archive-date=2020-02-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200225125820/https://www.peacefmonline.com/pages/showbiz/music/201305/165691.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- | 2009 | MTN Music Video Awards | Video nziza y'indirimbo ihimbaza Imana | Supernatural | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Myjoyonline One-on-One with Celestine Donkor |url=https://www.modernghana.com/entertainment/14083/myjoyonline-one-on-one-with-celestine-donkor.html |access-date=2020-02-25 |website=Modern Ghana |language=en}}</ref> |} == Reba == <references /> [[Category:Articles with empty listen template]] 2jn9wnffjmq7g05qd8bt7zr2ooajijm 0 13941 140266 124205 2026-09-25T12:05:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140266 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Redrivernorthmap.png|thumb|Ikibaya cy'amazi y'umugezi utukura, hamwe n'Uruzi rutukura rwerekanwe.Itariki ya 1 Mata - 24 Mata]] '''Umwuzure w’umugezi utukura mu mwaka wa 1897''' wabaye muri Mata 1897, ku nkombe y’Uruzi rutukura byangiza cyane umujyi wa Fargo, mu majyaruguru ya Dakota. Ibintu byateje umwuzure wo mu 1897 byari bisa n’ibihe byabaye nyuma y’umwuzure wo mu 2009, nyamara umwuzure wo mu mwaka wa 1897 wari utandukanye ukurikije uko abantu babyitwayemo. Nubwo igipimo cy’umugezi kitashyizwe ku mugezi utukura kugeza mu mwaka wa 1901, andi masoko yerekana ko inkombe y’umwuzure wabaye mu mwaka wa 1897 ahantu hareshya 1.5 miles (2.4 km) kumanuka uva muri iki gihe cya Fargo igipimo cyaba 40.10&nbsp;ft (hamwe nigipimo cyo gusohora 25.000 ft ³ / s ) ukurikije imibare iriho. <ref name="USGS">{{Cite web |date=2008-03-14 |title=Red River of the North Flooding - 1897 |url=http://nd.water.usgs.gov/photos/1897RedFlood/index.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090331093942/http://nd.water.usgs.gov/photos/1897RedFlood/index.html |archive-date=31 March 2009 |access-date=1 April 2009 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey|USGS]]}}</ref> Kugeza ku mwuzure wo mu 2009, umwuzure wo mu 1897 niyo mazi maremare yanditswe mu gace ka Fargo-Moorhead kandi kuva icyo gihe ni cyo cyabaye igipimo cyapimwe n’indi myuzure myinshi yo mu ruzi rutukura. == Impamvu == Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1897 RM Probesfield yafashe igipimo cya 5 feet (1.5 m) cy'urubura hasi mu gace katarangwamo kugenda; agaciro ka 2 feet (0.61 m) hejuru yimwe yafashwe mbere y'umwuzure wa 1861 . <ref name="USGS"/> Bitewe n'urwego rwa shelegi yapimwe umwuzure wari uteganijwe. == Inzuzi == {| class="wikitable" align="left" border="1" !Umujyi ! Crest ! Itariki |- | Wahpeton, Dakota y'Amajyaruguru | 2 '8 "hejuru ya 1893 hejuru <ref name="USGS"/> | 1897-03-31 |- | Fargo, Dakota y'Amajyaruguru | 40.10&nbsp;ft (datum y'ubu) <ref name="USGS" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> 34.2&nbsp;ft (1952 datum) <ref name="USGS" /> | 1897-04-07 - Igitondo Cyambere |- | Grand Forks, Dakota y'Amajyaruguru | Umurongo ukurikira Umuhanda wa 3 <ref name="USGS" /><br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> Gupfukirana Ibisabwa Ave mu Burasirazuba Bukuru <ref name="USGS" /> | 1897-04-10 - Saa sita |} {{Clear}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220134257/https://www.ndsu.edu/fargo_geology/fldphotos1897-1996.htm Amafoto y'umwuzure mu karere ka Fargo - Moorhead: 1897–1996] * [http://archiveattic.wordpress.com/2009/03/27/red-rivers-last-record-crest-1897/ Uruzi rutukura rwa nyuma - 1897] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} poeusylpzc76jm8he6f5kml3cnr40rv 0 14007 140309 95361 2026-09-26T04:07:52Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140309 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Earthwatch Institute''' ni umuryango mpuzamahanga wita ku bidukikije. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Centre |first=UNESCO World Heritage |title=Earthwatch Institute - Our Partners |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/partners/257/ |access-date=2022-07-06 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Earthwatch: About Us |url=http://au.earthwatch.org/About |access-date=2017-05-11 |website=au.earthwatch.org |language=en-AU |archive-date=2019-05-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502224343/https://au.earthwatch.org/About |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yashinzwe nka Educational Expeditions International mu 1971 na [[:en:Bob_Citron|Bob Citron]] na Clarence Truesdale, <ref name=":0">https://books.google.com/books?id=TDYEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Educational+Expeditions+International%22+Ethiopia&pg=PA19</ref> Earthwatch ishyigikira Ph.D. abashakashatsi ku rwego mpuzamahanga, bakora amasaha arenga 100.000 yubushakashatsi buri mwaka. Ukoresheje uburyo bwa [https://sustainabilitymethods.org/index.php/Citizen_Science siyansi y’ubumenyi bw’abaturage], ubutumwa bwa Earthwatch ni "guhuza abantu ku isi hose mu bushakashatsi n’ubumenyi mu bumenyi hagamijwe guteza imbere imyumvire n’ibikorwa bikenewe kugira ngo ibidukikije birambye." <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleontology</ref> Nkibyo, ni umwe mubanditsi banditse kwisi yose yubushakashatsi bwubumenyi [[:en:Archaeology|mubucukumbuzi]], [[:en:Marine_life|paleontologiya]], [[:en:Marine_life|ubuzima bwo mu nyanja]], [[:en:Marine_life|ibinyabuzima bitandukanye]], [[Urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima|urusobe]] rw’ibinyabuzima ndetse [[:en:Marine_life|n’ibinyabuzima]] . <ref>http://petergreenberg.com/2014/05/06/how-to-help-endangered-animals/</ref> Mu myaka irenga mirongo ine, Earthwatch yakusanyije inkunga yo gushaka abantu, abanyeshuri, abarimu, ndetse na bagenzi babo <ref>http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/northern-beaches/shelly-beach-rated-worst-in-the-state-for-rubbish-by-csiro/story-fngr8hax-1226893511333</ref> kugira uruhare mu bushakashatsi bukomeye bwo mu rwego rwo kumva igisubizo cy’ibidukikije mu kwihutisha impinduka ku isi. <ref>http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/northern-beaches/shelly-beach-rated-worst-in-the-state-for-rubbish-by-csiro/story-fngr8hax-1226893511333</ref> Imishinga yubumenyi bwabaturage bwisi [[:en:Peer_review|isubirwamo]], Ph.D. yayoboye ubushakashatsi mu bumenyi bwa siyansi <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer_review</ref> butanga abaturage ba buri munsi amahirwe yo kujya mu matsinda y’ubushakashatsi ku isi gukusanya amakuru y’imirima nko [[Wildlife conservation|kubungabunga inyamaswa]] [[Ishyamba|zo mu gasozi]], ibidukikije by’amashyamba, [[Ubumenyi bwo mu nyanja|ubumenyi bw’inyanja]] <ref name="Dolphins">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_science</ref> na archeologiya. <ref name="Valle Caldera">{{Cite web |url=http://www.santafenewmexican.com/magazines/bienvenidos/valles-caldera-has-rich-human-history/article_c3d7eb14-d4af-11e3-a882-0017a43b2370.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210304121024/https://www.santafenewmexican.com/magazines/bienvenidos/valles-caldera-has-rich-human-history/article_c3d7eb14-d4af-11e3-a882-0017a43b2370.html |archive-date=2021-03-04 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Imiterere n'amateka == Icyicaro gikuru cy’isi kiri i [[:en:Boston|Boston]] (Massachusetts), ndetse no ku biro muri [[:en:Oxford|Oxford]] (Ubwongereza), Melbourne (Ositaraliya), [[Tokyo|Tokiyo]] (Ubuyapani), na Hong Kong (Ubushinwa). Earthwatch yashinzwe nka Educational Expeditions International mu 1971 hafi ya Boston (Amerika) na [https://books.google.com/books?id=TDYEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Educational+Expeditions+International%22+Ethiopia&pg=PA19 Bob Citron] na Clarence Truesdale, icyo gihe wari umuyobozi w'ishuri rusange rya Vermont. <ref name=":02">https://books.google.com/books?id=TDYEAAAAMBAJ&dq=%22Educational+Expeditions+International%22+Ethiopia&pg=PA19</ref> Mu 1972, Brian A. Rosborough yinjiye muri Educational Expeditions International nk'umukorerabushake nyuma y'amezi atandatu aba perezida wa Earthwatch === References === dkwuvpc1gvj4muy5lx767ctx28xkf7m 0 14135 140280 91899 2026-09-25T12:06:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140280 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi bw’amashyamba muri Suwede''' ( Swedish ), cyangwa '''Skogforsk''', ni ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi gifite icyicaro i Uppsala, giterwa inkunga n’abanyamuryango b’inganda z’amashyamba [[Suwede|muri Suwede]] na Guverinoma. Ikigo kigamije guha inganda ubumenyi, ibicuruzwa, na serivisi, kugira ngo amashyamba ahendutse kandi arambye, biganisha ku guhatanira guhangana no kugera ku ntego z’imiturire. Ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku byifuzo bukubiyemo imirima itandukanye, nk'ikoranabuhanga ry’amashyamba, gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo, ingaruka ku bidukikije no kubungabunga ibidukikije, ubworozi bw’ibiti by’amashyamba, ibikoresho, amashyamba bioenergy na silviculture. Ikigo gifite ingengo yimari ya SEK 150 M, gifite abakozi 120, muri bo abagera kuri 80 ni abashakashatsi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=http://www.skogforsk.se/en/About-skogforsk/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140913170504/http://www.skogforsk.se/en/About-skogforsk/ |archive-date=13 September 2014 |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=Skogsforsk}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Om oss |url=http://www.skogforsk.se/sv/Om-oss/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141010103852/http://www.skogforsk.se/sv/Om-oss/ |archive-date=10 October 2014 |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=Skogsforsk |language=Swedish}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=STIFT SKOGSBRUKETS FORSKNINGSINSTITUT, SKOGFORSK |url=http://www.solidinfo.se/foretag/stift-skogsbrukets-forskningsinstitut-skogforsk-EAAC |access-date=13 September 2014 |publisher=Solid Info |language=Swedish |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924103913/http://www.solidinfo.se/foretag/stift-skogsbrukets-forskningsinstitut-skogforsk-EAAC |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist|30em}} 6h0qbthg9zx2wm1bined01m6ipoh3zk 0 14253 140317 96676 2026-09-26T07:32:29Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140317 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Igihembo cya St Andrews ku bidukikije''' ni gahunda mpuzamahanga ya kaminuza ya St Andrews yo muri otcosse hamwe n’isosiyete yigenga y’ubushakashatsi n’umusaruro ya ConocoPhillips . <ref>{{Cite web |title=The St Andrews Prize for the Environment |url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2016/title,438507,en.php |website=st-andrews.ac.uk |access-date=2023-02-24 |archive-date=2016-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018234235/https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/news/archive/2016/title,438507,en.php |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igihembo gishimangira uruhare runini mubibazo byibasira ibidukikije. Gusaba gutumirwa kubantu, amatsinda menshi ya disipulini cyangwa amatsinda yabaturage. Umushinga w’ibidukikije watsinze uhabwa inkunga y’amadorari 100.000 USD kandi buri wese mu bakinnyi ba kabiri bahabwa amadorari 25.000. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About - The St Andrews Prize for the Environment |url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/st-andrews-prize/about/}}</ref> == Abatsinze == Urutonde rwabatsinze rwakuwe kurubuga rwa St Andrews Award <ref>{{Cite web |title=Winners & Finalists - The St Andrews Prize for the Environment |url=https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/st-andrews-prize/previous-winners/}}</ref> * 1999 - [[Daniel Limpitlaw]], wo muri kaminuza ya Witwatersrand, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] kubera imirimo ijyanye no kwangiza ibidukikije yatewe no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro hakiri kare. * 2000 - [[Hikmat Hilal]] na [[Amer El-Hamouz]] bo muri kaminuza nkuru ya An-Najah, Banki y’Iburengerazuba basabye icyifuzo cyo guhindura imyanda iva mu mavuta ya elayo ikabyazwa umusaruro. * 2001 - [[George Odera Outa]] wo muri kaminuza ya Nairobi, [[Kenya|muri Kenya]] mu mushinga wo kwigisha abaturage kurwanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije ziniga ikiyaga cya Victoria . * 2002 - [[Monina Escalada]] wo mu kigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku muceri, [[Filipine|muri Filipine]], ku gikorwa kigamije kumvisha abahinzi [[Umuceli|b'umuceri]] muri Vietnam y'Amajyaruguru kureka gutera udukoko . * 2003 - Bunker Roy, washinze ishuri rya Barefoot College, Rajasthan, [[Ubuhinde|mu Buhinde]], kubera kuzana ingufu z'izuba mu midugudu ya kure ya Himalaya, akoresheje abitwa 'injeniyeri zambaye ibirenge'. * 2004 - [[Conrad Feather]] wakoranye nabanya Nahua bo muri [[Peru]] abemerera gushushanya ifasi yabo bakoresheje GPS igezweho, amafoto, radio na videwo. * 2005 - Ian Thorpe washinze Pump Aid, yateje imbere ''Inzovu Pompi'' yubatswe hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga ryoroshye nibikoresho biboneka mu karere. * 2006 - [[Erika Vohman]] wo mu [[The Equilibrium Fund|kigega cya Equilibrium]] mu guteza imbere ikoreshwa ry'imbuto za Maya muri Amerika yo Hagati . * 2007 - David Manalo nitsinda rye kumugezi, Fibre na Power Project batanga serivise zirambye mumashanyarazi ya kure muri Philippines * 2008 - Umusarani w’inzovu, igisubizo kirambye cy’isuku muri Afurika * 2009 - [https://web.archive.org/web/20160411041908/https://www.oneearthdesigns.com/ Isi Yashushanyije] Iterambere rya [https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033318/https://www.oneearthdesigns.com/shop/solsource-solar-cooker-stove-grill/ SolSource] ikora neza cyane iteka izuba kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo [https://web.archive.org/web/20141222033320/https://www.oneearthdesigns.com/blog/household-air-pollution-fuel-scarcity-china/ byabaturage ba Himalaya] kuri> 90% * 2010 - Umushinga wo gukuraho Arsenic * 2011 - umushinga wa BioLite * 2012 - Umushinga wo kurinda Intare * 2013 - Lucy King uruzitiro rwinzuki rwo kugenzura inzovu * 2014 - Vikas Mohan Ventures == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} b8ufj57yl4lytvsnd67twn32bkadkaq 0 14602 140267 100107 2026-09-25T12:05:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140267 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lappet-faced Vulture (Torgos tracheliotos) (52737954254).jpg|thumb|140x140px|Inyoni]] Lappet faced volture ( '''''Torgos tracheliotos''''' ) ni inyoni yo mu Isi ya Kera ijyanye na gahunda y’inyoni Accipitriformes, ikubiyemo na kagoma, inyenzi, ibisimba n'ibisiga. Numunyamuryango wenyine wubwoko bwa ''Torgos''. Ntabwo ifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ibisimba bishya byisi bisa, kandi ntibisangiye kumva impumuro nziza ya bamwe mubagize iryo tsinda. Igisimba cyarebaga lappet cyahoze gifatwa nka monotypical, ariko ubu gitandukanijwe mubice bibiri. Ubwoko bwatoranijwe butuye muri [[Afurika|Afrika]]. Ubwoko buto ''T. t. negevensis'', itandukanye cyane mubigaragara n'ibisiga byo muri Afurika (nkuko byasobanuwe haruguru) byanduye mu gice cy'Abarabu.[https://animalia.bio/lappet-faced-vulture] b89lc37h88okdfgqpvglzoj0lgybdme 0 14616 140313 135722 2026-09-26T04:53:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140313 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lycopus europaeus kz22.jpg|thumb|Gitinywa]] [[Dosiye:Bugleweed - Ajuga sp. (27079742966).jpg|thumb|240x240px|Icya cya Gitinywa yo mu Rwanda ivura ibisebe]] [[Dosiye:Lycopus europaeus kz25.jpg|thumb]] '''Gitinywa''' cyangwa cyitwa '''bugleweed''', gikunda kuba ku kumuhanda, ahantu hafite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1700 kugeza kuri 2400. Gitinywa ni ikimera cyifashishwa mu buvuzi gakondo no gukora imiti, Gukoresha ibyatsi byacyo hamwe ni bibabi byacyo bito bito bivura ndetse Kurandura imizi yacyo bikaba bikomeye cyane. Gitinywa nicyo giti cyakoreeshwa mu kuvura ibimeme. Kigabanya ububabare bwica haba mu mutwe, ibisebe byo mu kanwa, ndetse cyikavura mugihe waviriyemo imbere. Gitinywa ifasha ibikomere, ibisebe, amagufwa yangiritse, ndetse no gufungana mu muhogo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=138 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-03 |archive-date=2023-08-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230820193711/https://medicinalplantsofrwanda.ines.ac.rw/plant_details.php?id=138 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.thespruce.com/ajuga-or-bugleweed-plants-2132213</ref><ref>https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/ajuga-reptans/</ref><ref>https://www.britannica.com/plant/bugleweed</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] [[Ikiciro:Ibimera]] [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] nhj81z2onfyauf0ys12853oqfe9ygwh 0 14795 140269 92324 2026-09-25T12:05:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Gashaka Tharcisse''' (yavutse 18 Ukuboza 1962) ni umukinnyi wiruka na maguru muri marato ukomoka mu Burundi. <ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Tharcisse Gashaka Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> Gashaka yitabiriye irushanwa rya Marato mu Burundi mu mikino Olempike ya mbere yabereye mu gihugu mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1996 yabereye i Atlanta, aho yarangije ku mwanya wa 90, akoresheje amasaha wa 2:32:55. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418033253/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/ga/tharcisse-gashaka-1.html Sport Reference Profile]</ref> Mu 1997, Gashaka yatsindiye umudari wa feza muri metero 10,000 muri Jeux de la Francophonie 1997. <ref>"Francophone Games" . gbrathletics.com . Athletics Weekly. Retrieved 13 June 2015.</ref> == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] kyxcjw7q7ske24x1dmn7cjux9etz5sw 0 14824 140276 92367 2026-09-25T12:06:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox}}'''Brahima Guindo''' (wavutse 9 Nzeri 1977) ni Judoka ukomoka muri Mali.<ref>[[Brahima Guindo]] Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> <ref>Hilary; Gjerde, Arild; Heijmans, Jeroen; Mallon, Bill ; et al. " Brahima Guindo Olympic Results" . Olympics at Sports-Reference.com . Sports Reference LLC. Archived from the original on 18 April 2020. Retrieved 13 August 2017.</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa bronze mu gikombe cya Afurika cyo mu 1999, n'umudari wa bronze muri Shampiyona yo muri Afurika yo mu 2000 mubakinnyibafite ibiro 81 <ref>[[Brahima Guindo]] at JudoInside.com</ref> == Ibyo yagezeho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Irushanwa ! Ikibanza ! Icyiciro cy'ibiro |- | 2000 | Shampiyona yo muri Afurika | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | Icya gatatu | Kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburemere (81)&nbsp;kg) |- | 1999 | Imikino yose yo muri Afrika | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | Icya gatatu | Kimwe cya kabiri cy'uburemere (81)&nbsp;kg) |} == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye]] 1cii17kv8cctim3gb414ci1ljj3vvfg 0 14839 140292 121748 2026-09-25T12:55:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140292 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Morocco flags in sidewalk.jpg|thumb]] '''Eddinari''' '''Chaimae''' ni umukinnyi wa jido numucamanza [[Maroke|wa Maroc]]. <ref>[[Chaimae Eddinari]] at the International Judo Federation</ref> Yatsindiye umudari wa zahabu mu mikino nyafurika yo muri 2019 kandi yegukana umudari wa bronze mu marushanwa ya Afurika ya Judo 2021. <ref>"2019 African Games Judo Medalists" . International Judo Federation. Archived from the original on 20 August 2020. Retrieved 20 August 2020.</ref> <ref>Rowbottom, Mike (21 May 2021). "Giantkiller Samy falls in final at 2021 African Judo Championships in Dakar" . InsideTheGames.biz . Retrieved 3 July 2021.</ref> Muri 2018, yitabiriye icyiciro cya 48 mu bagore mu marushanwa mpuzamahanga ya Judo yabereye i [[Baku]], muri Azaribayijan. <ref>Chaimae Eddinari at JudoInside.com</ref> yitabiriye amarushanwe mu bagore bafite ibiro 48 mu mikino ya Mediterrane ya 2022 yabereye Oran, [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. <ref>[[Chaimae Eddinari]] at AllJudo.net (in French)</ref> == Ibyo yagezeho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Irushanwa ! Ikibanza ! Icyiciro cy'ibiro |- | 2019 | Imikino nyafurika | align="center" bgcolor="gold" | 1 st | -48&nbsp;kg |- | 2021 | Igikombe cya Afurika | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | Icya gatatu | -48&nbsp;kg |} == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi uterura ibiremereye]] op0y3rbxg09dws2v076qycvadxueziy 0 14934 140240 92519 2026-09-25T12:01:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140240 wikitext text/x-wiki Fall '''Moussa''' (wavutse ku ya 28 Kanama 1963) ni umukinnyi wiruka muri Senegali wagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuro wakina muri metero 400 na 800 . Yavukiye i Saint-Louis, muri Senegali. Yitabiriye amarushanwa y'isi ya 1983 muri metro 400, imikino Olempike 1984 yiruka muri metero 800, Shampiyona y'isi 1987 ajya muri metero 800 ndetse n'imikino Olempike yo mu 1988 atageze ku mukino wa nyuma. <ref name="sref">{{Cite web |title=Moussa Fall |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fa/moussa-fall-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418065403/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fa/moussa-fall-1.html |archive-date=18 April 2020 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=Sports-Reference.com}}</ref> Yarushanwe kandi muri metero 4 × 400 mu marushanwa ya Shampiyona y'isi muri 1983, imikino Olempike yo mu 1984 ndetse n'imikino Olempike yo mu 1988, ariko iyi kipe ntiyigeze igera ku mukino wa nyuma. Mu karere yegukanye imidari ya feza mu marushanwa ya Afurika yo mu 1984 na 1985, <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Championships |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/afc.htm |access-date=23 May 2014 |website=GBR Athletics |publisher=Athletics Weekly}}</ref> umudari wa zahabu muri Jeux de la Francophonie yo mu 1989 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Francophone Games |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/fg.htm |access-date=23 May 2014 |website=GBR Athletics |publisher=Athletics Weekly}}</ref> ku isi hose yatwaye umudari wa feza muri Summer Universiade muri 1987 . <ref>{{Cite web |title=World University Games (Universiade - Men) |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/ic/wsgm.htm |access-date=23 May 2014 |website=GBR Athletics |publisher=Athletics Weekly}}</ref> Igihe cye cyiza cyane ni amasegonda 47.34 muri metero 400 mu 1989 niminota 1: 44.06 muri metero 800 mu mwaka wa 1988. <ref name="sref">{{Cite web |title=Moussa Fall |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fa/moussa-fall-1.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200418065403/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fa/moussa-fall-1.html |archive-date=18 April 2020 |access-date=23 May 2014 |publisher=Sports-Reference.com}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200418065403/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fa/moussa-fall-1.html "Moussa Fall"]. Sports-Reference.com. Archived from [https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/fa/moussa-fall-1.html the original] on 18 April 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite></ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] krhl8q0fdvo4gkt2aas8so0sss940x7 0 14937 140262 138991 2026-09-25T12:03:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140262 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:Amadou Gakou 1968.jpg|thumb|Amadou Gakou]] '''Amadou Gakou''' (wavutse ku ya 25 Werurwe 1940) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru akaba ari mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru. Yitabiriye isiganwa rya metero 400 mu mikino Olempike ya 1964, 1968 na 1972 yegukanye umwanya wa kane mu 1968, ashyiraho agahigo mu gihugu ku masegonda 45.01. Yatsindiye umudari wa feza mu mikino yo muri Afurika yo mu 1965 .<ref>https://www.lequipe.fr/Athletisme/AthletismeFicheAthlete5854.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.transfermarkt.fr/amadou-gakou/profil/spieler/605440 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310113811/https://www.transfermarkt.fr/amadou-gakou/profil/spieler/605440 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://worldathletics.org/athletes/senegal/amadou-gakou-14343070</ref><ref>https://wiwsport.com/2020/06/04/portrait-damadou-gakou-un-record-du-senegal-parti-pour-etre-centenaire/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/292366-amadou-gakou |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310113811/https://www.footballdatabase.eu/en/player/details/292366-amadou-gakou |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mushiki we ni nyirakuru wa Fatou Bintou Fall wiruka metero 40.<ref>https://lequotidien.sn/recordman-du-400-metres-depuis-1968-a-mexico-amadou-gakou-linvincible-lion-phenomene-de-longevite-fete-ses-81-ans/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.aiscore.com/player-amadougakou/l6kegiezr48il75 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-10 |archive-date=2023-03-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310113812/https://www.aiscore.com/player-amadougakou/l6kegiezr48il75 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.les-sports.info/amadou-gakou-athletisme-spf33125.html</ref><ref>https://www.transfermarkt.co/amadou-gakou/news/spieler/605440</ref> == Reba == <div class="reflist"> {{Reflist}} </div> == Amashakiro == * Amadou Gakou at World Athletics [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] dbf87ft98vofpa6mj5uniq6ju89ysrq 0 14971 140232 92576 2026-09-25T12:00:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140232 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ibrahima Wade''' (wavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1968) ni umukinnyi wa bigize umwuga w'umufaransa wiruka cyane muri metero 400 . Yahinduye ubwenegihugu avuye mu gihugu cye [[Senegali|cya Senegali]] mu 2000. Ibihe byiza yagize ni amasegonda 45.05, yagezweho muri Kanama 1998 i Dakar. Afite amasegonda 45,76 guhera muri Nyakanga 2004, yatwaye Masters M35 ku isi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Masters (Veterans) Best Performances |url=http://www.gbrathletics.com/wrecm.htm}}</ref> Iyi nyandiko imaze kunozwa inshuro ebyiri kuva, na Alvin Harrison ( DOM) hamwe na 45.68 muri 2009 na Chris Brown (BAH), hamwe na 44.59 muri <ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher BROWN {{!}} Profile {{!}} World Athletics |url=http://www.iaaf.org/athletes/bahamas/chris-brown-171732#progression}}</ref>, bityo ikimenyetso cya Wade kiracyahagaze nkibikorwa byemewe. Yageze muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza Shampiyona yisi mu 1997 na 1999. == Ibyo yagezeho == {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Irushanwa ! Ikibanza ! Igisubizo ! Ikirenga |- | 1996 | Amarushanwa ya Afurika | Yaoundé, [[Kameruni]] | align="center" bgcolor="gold" | Icya 1 | 400 m |- | 1997 | Jeux de la Francophonie | [[Antananarivo]], [[Madagasikari]] | align="center" bgcolor="gold" | Icya 1 | 400 m |- | 1998 | Amarushanwa ya Afurika | Dakar, [[Senegali]] | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | Icya gatatu | 400 m |- | rowspan="2" | 1999 | Amarushanwa y'isi | Seville, [[Esipanye|Espanye]] | align="center" | Icya 8 | 4x400 m relay |- | Imikino Yisi Yabasirikare | [[Zagreb]], [[Korowatiya|Korowasiya]] | align="center" bgcolor="gold" | Icya 1 | 400 m |- | 2000 | Imikino Olempike | Sydney, [[Ositaraliya]] | align="center" | Icya 4 | 4x400m |- | 2002 | Amarushanwa yu Burayi | Munich, [[Ubudage]] | align="center" bgcolor="cc9966" | Icya gatatu | 4x400 m relay |} == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 8phjpovj622tx5zs5zg8pjb37712bn3 0 15032 140293 92676 2026-09-25T12:55:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140293 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Alfred Émile Moussambani''' (wavutse ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1974) ni umukinnyi wo gusiganwa ku maguru wabigize umwuga ukomoka muri Kameruni akaba ari kabuhariwe muri metero 100 . Yahagarariye igihugu cye mu mikino Olempike yo mu 1996 na 2000 nk'umunyamuryango w’ikipe ya metero 4x100. Abandi bagize ikipe muri 1996 bakinanye ni Benjamin Sirimou, Aimé-Issa Nthépé na Claude Toukéné-Guébogo. Abagize ikipe bakinanye muri 2000 ni [[Serge Bengono|Serge Bengono, II]], [[Joseph Batangdon]], na Benjamin Sirimou. Afatanije na [[Serge Bengono|Serge Mbegomo]], Claude Toukene na [[Joseph Batangdon]] yegukanye umwanya wa karindwi ku mukino wa nyuma wo kwiruka metero 4 x 100 mu mikino ya Commonwealth 2002 <ref>[http://www.sporting-heroes.net/athletics-heroes/stats_athletics/commonwealth/2002_m.asp Sporting Heroes – Photographs and pictures of sporting heroes]</ref> ndetse no mu mikino ya Commonwealth 2006 . Yabaye kandi umwe mu bagize ikipe y'igihugu ye muri Shampiyona y'isi 1997, 2001 na 2003. Ibyiza bye ni: * 60m mu nzu 6.75 Liévin 17.02.2002 * 100m 10.42 +1.5 St-Etienne 30.06.2001 * 200m 21.80 +1.5 Tergnier 09.05.2002 Yirutse kandi metero 100 muri 10.33 ariko akoresheje umuyaga +4.1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile of Alfred MOUSSAMBANI &#124; All-Athletics.com |url=http://www.all-athletics.com/fr/node/16679 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416000249/http://www.all-athletics.com/fr/node/16679 |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |access-date=March 28, 2016}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 0y1i3t1ijmbx6w9t6h6rz804qd1ulxr 0 15038 140241 127951 2026-09-25T12:01:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140241 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ikipe ya Cricket y'abagore''' '''yu Rwanda''' ni ikipe ya Cricket yo mu Rwanda, aho ihagararira igihugu mu marushanwa atandukanye. Ikipe y’Igihugu y’abagore mu mukino wa Cricket yegukana igikombe itsinze ikipe ya [[Nigeriya]] mu marushanwa ya Afurika, rikaba ryaritabirwe n’ibihugu 5 aribyo u Rwanda, Nigeriya, Sierra Leone, [[Gana]] na [[Gambiya]].<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abagore-ya-cricket-yasesekaye-i-kigali-yakirwa-gitwari</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/cricket-ikipe-y-igihugu-y-abangavu-yageze-i-kigali-yegukanye-itike-y-igikombe-cy-isi</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/09/cricket-u-rwanda-rwabonye-itike-yigikombe-cyisi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-04 |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804105921/https://umuseke.rw/2022/09/cricket-u-rwanda-rwabonye-itike-yigikombe-cyisi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ikipe y'ubu == Bimenyimana Marie Diane niwe kapiteni w’ikipe y’igihugu ya Cricket y'abagore, ni ikipe y'abakinnyi bafite ibikombe mpuzamahanga banditswe muburyo bugaragara bakuye muri nigeriya. Abakinnyi b’ikipe ya cricket y’u Rwanda nibo biganje mu batwaye ibihembo by’abakinnyi beza b’irushanwa aha twavuga :<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2022/09/cricket-u-rwanda-rwabonye-itike-yigikombe-cyisi/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-04 |archive-date=2023-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804105921/https://umuseke.rw/2022/09/cricket-u-rwanda-rwabonye-itike-yigikombe-cyisi/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/u-rwanda-rwabuze-amahirwe-yo-kwitabira-igikombe-cy-isi-cy-abagore-muri-cricket</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/120899/cricket-ikipe-yigihugu-yabatarengeje-imyaka-19-yegukanye-igikombe-cyafurika-inabona-itike--120899.html</ref> * Gisele Ishimwe yabaye umukinnyi mwiza. * Marguiritte Vumiliya yabaye anone Best Bowler. * SIFA Ingabire yabaye Best Fielder * Marguiritte Vumiliya MVP Most valuable player, nawe yabaye Umunyarwandakazi. <ref name=":0" /><ref>https://kiny.taarifa.rw/ikipe-yu-rwanda-yabagore-muri-cricket-itangiye-itsinda-ayo-bahanganye/</ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/imikino/article/ikipe-y-igihugu-yahize-kwegukana-irushanwa-ryo-kwibuka-muri-cricket</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] q5o4oot88cafljgdfkun8pqk1ouojr0 0 15232 140320 119611 2026-09-26T08:52:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sembrado de soja en argentina.jpg|thumb|Inguzanyo kubuhinzi]] [[Dosiye:Isolated oak at Backley Holmes, New Forest - geograph.org.uk - 469673.jpg|thumb|Igiti gikuru]] [[Dosiye:Tree in Mississippi.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Gutera ibiti.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Afforestation at Kanakakunnu.jpg|thumb|Gutera ibiti]] [[Dosiye:Afforestation Park.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Tapo Memo 2019-03-16.jpg|thumb]] '''Inguzanyo ku giti''' ni igitekerezo cy’ubuhinzi bushingiye ku buhinzi aho bahemba igiti cyangwa serivisi z’ikirere. gahunda yatunganijwe hakenewe inzira yoroshye yo kubona inguzanyo kumuhinzii ku giti cye byibuze, kandi byoroshya ishyirwa mubikorwa nogukurikirana imishinga nkiyi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwunguka, kimwe nikigo cy'ubwishingizi. Ubundi buryo bwo gutanga inguzanyo burimo ibiti byemewe kugabanuka kwa mazi ashingiye ku biguzi byo kugumana ibiti kugiti cye. Mu turere tumwe na tumwe, inguzanyo nini yo kugabanya ingano itangwa ku biti byabitswe hejuru y’ibiti byatewe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Stormwater Retention Credit Trading Program {{!}} ddoe |url=https://doee.dc.gov/src |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=doee.dc.gov}}</ref> mu gihe mu tundi turere inguzanyo zishobora kugenwa hashingiwe ku bunini hamwe n’ibiti . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome pinelakega.com - BlueHost.com |url=http://pinelakega.com/environment-green-space/waterfirst-plan/ |access-date=2021-04-06 |website=pinelakega.com |archive-date=2022-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308171520/http://pinelakega.com/environment-green-space/waterfirst-plan/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibintu byinyongera bishobora kugira ingaruka kumubare w'inguzanyo yatanzwe nubunini bwubutaka hamwe nigiti cyibiti kugirango harebwe inyungu zamazi yimvura. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Tree Credit Systems and Incentives at the Site Scale {{!}} Vermont Urban and Community Forestry |url=https://vtcommunityforestry.org/resources/tree-credit-systems-and-incentives-site-scale |access-date=2021-03-24 |website=vtcommunityforestry.org |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511120915/https://vtcommunityforestry.org/resources/tree-credit-systems-and-incentives-site-scale |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Igiti 5140.jpg|thumb|Igiti]] Inguzanyo y'ibiti yabazwe nk'inguzanyo y'amazi y'imvura, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Marritz |first=Leda |date=March 25, 2013 |title=How Do You Calculate Stormwater Credits for Trees? Part 1: Why tree-based credits are hard to quantify |url=http://www.deeproot.com/blog/blog-entries/how-do-you-calculate-stormwater-credits-for-trees-part-1-why-tree-based-credits-are-hard-to-quantify |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302223154/https://www.deeproot.com/blog/blog-entries/how-do-you-calculate-stormwater-credits-for-trees-part-1-why-tree-based-credits-are-hard-to-quantify/ |archive-date=2022-03-02 |access-date=2019-09-24 |website=Deeproot, Green Infrastructure for Your Community |url-status=dead}}</ref> no gukoresha ibara rya karubone. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=October 30, 2017 |title=Risk and returns of selling trees for carbon credits |url=https://futurebeef.com.au/knowledge-centre/risk-and-returns-of-selling-trees-for-carbon-credits/ |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-24 |website=FutureBeef |language=en-AU}}</ref> Sisitemu yo gutanga inguzanyo ikoresheje kode yakozwe na Ferdinand Swart. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2017-11-01 |title=Resources |url=http://treecoins.org/resources/ |access-date=2019-09-24 |website=Treecoins |language=en-US |archive-date=2019-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924171410/http://treecoins.org/resources/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gutera ibiti byinshi byabaturage byateguwe cyangwa byatewe nuburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo (OARM, PSA, GPS).  yo mu Buhinde yashyizeho gahunda yo gutanga inguzanyo mu biti mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Jain |first=Bhavika |date=Sep 25, 2016 |title=Tree plantation: Grow money! ‘Tree credits’ set to be reality {{!}} Mumbai News - Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/Grow-money-Tree-credits-set-to-be-reality/articleshow/54514655.cms |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-09-24 |website=The Times of India |language=en}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Ibikoresho bya politiki y’ibidukikije bishingiye ku isoko == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] rzrw0bwdm5az8l09sw6zqwznycs10pq 0 15508 140233 134413 2026-09-25T12:00:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140233 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umugezi wa Kwilu''' ni uruzi runini runyura mu Ntara ya Kwilu yahoze yitwa intara ya Bandundu muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] kugera mu mujyi wa Bandundu, aho uhurira n'u mugezi wa Kwango mbere gato yuko uyu mugezi winjira mu ruzi rwa Kasayi. Muri congo uruzi rutemba runyura mu mijyi ya Gungu, Kikwita, Bulungu, Bagata, na Bandundu. [1] Lusanga, ahahoze hitwa Leveriville, aryamye aho umugezi wa Kwenge uhurira na Kwilu, hagati ya Kikwiti na Bulungu. <ref>{{Cite web |last=C.J. Warrington |date=May 1972 |title=M'Bwa na Basenji |url=http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |access-date=2012-02-02 |website=The Basenji |archive-date=2010-12-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228034228/http://www.basenji.org/BasenjiU/Owner/103History/TimePDFs/MBWaNaBasenjiWarrington.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibiranga == Ni uruzi rutemba. Hafi yumunwa wacyo ni metero 950 z'ubugari. Ibikoresho byo kuryama ni umucanga. <ref name="hani">{{Cite journal|pages=123968}}</ref> Uruzi rufite kilometero 965 zu burebure. Mugihe cyi zuba ahantu huzuye umwuzure ufite kilometero 1,550. Amazi y’umugezi azamuka ku butumburuke buri hagati ya metero 1,000 na 1,800 mu misozi miremire ya Angola. Bamanuka cyane mu kibaya cyo hagati cya Kongo hagati ya 500 metres (1,600 ft) na 300 metres (980 ft) hejuru yinyanja. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu mwaka wa 2011 bwerekanye amoko 113 y’amafi mu miryango 21 hamwe n’ibicuruzwa umunani. [4]<gallery widths="250px" heights="180px"> Dosiye:Au bord de la rivère Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Kuruhande rw'umugezi i [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], Kamena 2007 Dosiye:Rivière Kwilu à Bandundu.jpg|Uruzi i [[Bandundu (city)|Bandundu]], Kamena 2007 </gallery> == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Inkomoko ==   [[Ikiciro:Congo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugezi wa congo]] d0g7uryc90f0kzrbnnha1csssxlggwo 0 15606 140322 120352 2026-09-26T11:09:57Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140322 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Em clima festivo, seleção da África do Sul treina contra time da Polícia Militar (28016068254).jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Em clima festivo, seleção da África do Sul treina contra time da Polícia Militar (28633286545).jpg|thumb]] '''Kirsten Blair''' (wavutse ku ya 29 Nyakanga 1984) ni umukinnyi w’umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri Afurika yepfo wakinnye nka all-round, atsinda ukuboko kwi buryo no gu kubita iburyo. Yagaragaye mu bihugu bibiri by’umunsi umwe muri Afurika yepfo mu 2007, bombi bakina na [[Pakisitani]] . Yakinnye umupira w'amaguru mu gihugu cya Easterns na Gauteng, ndetse anagaragara mu mukino umwe wo kuzenguruka Amajyaruguru . <ref name="Cricinfo">{{Cite web |title=Player Profile: Kirsten Blair |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/player/kirsten-blair-276680 |access-date=20 February 2022 |website=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> <ref name="CricketArchive">{{Cite web |title=Player Profile: Kirsten Blair |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/159/159504/159504.html |access-date=20 February 2022 |website=CricketArchive}}</ref><ref>https://www.nola.com/multimedia/photos/photos-krewe-of-carrollton-rolls-to-all-things-golden-on-uptown-route/collection_e88972f2-ab38-11ed-8d83-63d595f072a6.html</ref><ref>https://www.theadvocate.com/no-routeregs-022323-jpg/image_9546db08-6124-5df4-a7e2-ca6838cee280.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newsminer.com/features/latitude_65/fairbanks-light-opera-theatre-is-back-with-a-special-performance-spanning-genres/article_b394f8e0-661a-11ed-be94-93ae749eb44f.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322200604/https://www.newsminer.com/features/latitude_65/fairbanks-light-opera-theatre-is-back-with-a-special-performance-spanning-genres/article_b394f8e0-661a-11ed-be94-93ae749eb44f.html |archive-date=2023-03-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://poetsandquants.com/2022/12/26/pqs-mba-admissions-director-of-the-year-the-wharton-schools-blair-mannix/</ref><ref>https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/mardi_gras/carrollton-bal-masque-reflects-on-all-things-golden/article_d6aab3be-a662-11ed-a116-cf399ffedbd6.html</ref><ref>https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/selma-blair-legally-blonde-alternate-ending-sequel-222317641.html</ref><ref>https://www.thepilot.com/news/o-neal-welcomes-new-faculty-members/article_1716dbdc-f2c7-11ea-b330-73e06089b85d.html</ref><ref>https://rrecord.com/miss-williams-crowned-queen-of-the-125th-holly-ball/</ref><ref>https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kathy-blair-murder-was-a-killer-filmed-on-his-way-to-committing-brutal-austin-texas-murder/</ref><ref>https://www.vernonmorningstar.com/trending-now/cat-cuddling-lumby-deer-causing-concern-2/</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Afurika yepfo]] f2lquif80rd5wpm8kd1gu1jg5zqrt7x 0 15611 140234 123450 2026-09-25T12:00:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140234 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Hany Mouselhy''' (yavutse (1968-06-24 ) yahoze ari umukinnyi ukina umukino wa volleyball mu gihugu cya Misiri. Yinjijwe mu ikipe y'igihugu ya Misiri y'abagabo ya volleyball yarangije ku mwanya wa 11 mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2000 yabereye i Sydney, muri Ositaraliya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Egyptian volleyball team at the 2000 Summer Olympics |url=https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/EGY/summer/2000/VOL/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200417171915/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/countries/EGY/summer/2000/VOL/ |archive-date=17 April 2020 |access-date=6 October 2015 |website=sports-reference.com}}</ref> Murumuna we ni Mohamed Mouselhy. Yabaye kandi mu ikipe yigihugu ya volley ball mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2000. <ref>https://prabook.com/web/hany.mouselhy/2331115</ref><ref>https://www.olympedia.org/athletes/94495</ref><ref>https://olympics.com/fr/athletes/hany-mouselhy</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.celebsagewiki.com/hany-mouselhy |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322204117/https://www.celebsagewiki.com/hany-mouselhy |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://buzzlearn.com/hany-mouselhy/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322204113/https://buzzlearn.com/hany-mouselhy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.howtopronounce.com/hany-mouselhy</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://allfamousbirthday.com/hany-mouselhy/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322204114/https://allfamousbirthday.com/hany-mouselhy/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/Mohamed_Mouselhy</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.pronouncekiwi.com/Hany |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-22 |archive-date=2023-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322204121/https://www.pronouncekiwi.com/Hany |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba kandi == * Misiri mu mikino Olempike yo mu 2000 == Reba == <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Misiri]] 1dvhmj8ow25bc8u7pqf4joiadjfivtg 0 15631 140294 114040 2026-09-25T12:55:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140294 wikitext text/x-wiki  Ibiwuranga [[Dosiye:South African mountain sunset Soutpansberg.jpg|thumb|324x324px]] '''Umusozi wa Nyiragongo''' ( /ˌ n ɪər ə ˈ ɡ ɒ ŋ ɡ oʊ , - ˈ ɡ ɔː ŋ - / neer-ə-INDIRIMBO -go ) ni stratovolcano ikora ifite uburebure bwa 3,470 m (11.385) ft) mu [[Imisozi ya Virunga|misozi ya Virunga]] ifitanye isano na Albertine Rift. Iherereye muri [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|parike y'igihugu ya Virunga]], n Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, nko mu birometero 12,5 mu majyaruguru y’umujyi wa Goma n’ikiyaga cya Kivu no mu burengerazuba bw’umupaka n’u Rwanda. Ikibaya kinini gifite uburebure bwa kilometero ebyiri (1 mi) kandi ubusanzwe kirimo ikiyaga cya lava. Kugeza ubu icyo cyobo gifite intebe ebyiri zitandukanye zikonje za lava zikonje mu rukuta rw'ikiriba - imwe kuri metero 3,175 (10.417 ft) naho iyindi yo munsi ya metero 2975 (9,760 ft). Ikiyaga cya lava cya Nyiragongo rimwe na rimwe cyabaye ikiyaga kinini kizwi cyane mu mateka ya vuba. Ubujyakuzimu bw'ikiyaga cya lava buratandukanye cyane. Uburebure ntarengwa bw'ikiyaga cya lava bwanditswe kuri metero 3,250 (metero 10,660) mbere yo guturika kwa Mutarama 1977 - ubujyakuzimu bw'ikiyaga gifite metero 600 (2000). Nyuma yo guturika muri Mutarama 2002, ikiyaga cya lava cyanditswe ku butumburuke bwa metero 2.600 (metero 8.500), cyangwa metero 900 munsi y’umugezi. Urwego rwazamutse buhoro buhoro kuva icyo gihe. Nyiragongo hamwe na Nyamuragira hafi yabo ni bo nyirabayazana wa 40 ku ijana by'iruka ry’ibirunga bya Afurika. [[Ikiciro:Goma]] [[Ikiciro:Imisozi ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] gbfakojr8r6qgu5igy04cnp67n8qfie 0 15744 140312 113516 2026-09-26T04:53:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140312 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Murray howlong.jpg|thumb]] '''Umugezi wa Mulobozi''' ni uruzi ruri mu Ntara ya Tanganyika (ahari Intara ya Katanga ) wo mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|bwa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Itemba iva iburengerazuba, ikanyura mu misozi ya Marungu, mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika mu majyaruguru y'icyambu cya Moba. Amashyamba n'inzira y'inzuzi zayo ziri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurimbuka gaterwa n’isuri ku nkombe. <ref name="Birdlife">{{Cite web |title=Marungu highlands |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/sitefactsheet.php?id=6072 |access-date=2011-11-02 |website=Birdlife}}</ref> [[Ikinyamushongo|Mollusk]] [[Tomichia guillemei]] ituye muri Mulobozi kandi atuye ku ruzi rw'uzuye ibyondo mu kiyaga cya Tanganyika. == Reba == tkcvbmmkw32v7l5s1q3rs9gx5k28nti 0 15999 140263 100477 2026-09-25T12:03:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140263 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mugisha Godfrey''' (Yavutse ku ya 23 Ukwakira 1978) yahoze ari umukinnyi w’[[umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] wakinnye nkumukinnyi ukina hagati kandi ari rutahizamu. Godfrey yakinnye cyane nko kina kuruhande. Yahagarariye [[Uganda]] mu batarengeje imyaka 17, abatarengeje imyaka 19 na 21, abatarengeje imyaka 23, n'ikipe nkuru y'igihugu ya Cranes. Yagombaga gukinira ikipe y'abatarengeje imyaka 23 ( Imikino yose yo muri Afurika ) muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] ariko yaje kuvayo kubera imvune. Yagize uruhare runini mu kuyobora KCC FC muri kimwe cya kabiri kirangiza muri shampiyona ya Afrika. <ref>https://chimpreports.com/godfrey-mbitse-to-be-enthroned-today-as-muhabura-bishop/</ref><ref>https://ugandaradionetwork.net/story/muhabura-diocese-gets-new-bishop-</ref><ref>https://chimpreports.com/igg-arrests-kanungu-district-accountant/</ref><ref>https://www.newvision.co.ug/news/1531575/ibanda-nrm-youth-boss-succumbs-covid-19</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/sports/soccer/oloya-mugisha-and-kalungi-right-wingers-with-rare-scoring-touch-3375862</ref><ref>https://kawowo.com/2020/08/03/rewind-when-mayanja-led-kcca-to-title-on-return-from-pro-stint/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://redpepper.co.ug/campus-wench-mr-hyena-eats-pricy/110627/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-04-04 |archive-date=2023-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404103651/https://redpepper.co.ug/campus-wench-mr-hyena-eats-pricy/110627/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.monitor.co.ug/uganda/news/national/recovered-coronavirus-couple-had-no-symptoms-1885406</ref><ref>https://www.independent.co.ug/pictorial-reverend-canon-godfrey-mbitse-consecrated-as-third-bishop-of-muhabura-diocese/</ref> Yimukiye muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Reta zunzubumwe z'Amerika]] muri 2000 kugira ngo yige kaminuza, arangiza afite impamyabumenyi muri sisitemu yo gutanga amakuru no gushushanya. Yabaye itsinda rya mbere mu nama zose muri 2002, 2003, na MVP mukarere ka XII 2003, naho Abanyamerika bose bubahwa muri 2003. Mu mwaka wa mukuru 2004/05 yatumiwe muri Chicago Storm, ikipe y[[umupira w'amaguru]] wa bigize umwuga. Icyo gihe yari hafi kurangiza kugirango ashobore gusinya. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Uganda]] faboxss44lml98szjkutt1jz1qnjbel 0 16034 140281 94258 2026-09-25T12:07:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Benik Afobe.jpg|thumb|Benik Afobe]] '''Benik Tunani Afobe''' (yavutse 12 Gashyantare 1993) Ni umukinnyi ukina [[umupira w'amaguru]] wa bigize umwuga ukina nka rutahizamu wa Hatta. Yavukiye mu [[Bwongereza]], yaserukiye ikipe y'igihugu ya [[DR Congo]] inshuro esheshatu hagati yo muri 2017 na 2018. Afobe yasinyanye amasezerano y’umwuga na Arsenal muri Gashyantare muri 2010, maze atizwa mu makipe atandukanye arimo Huddersfield Town, Reading, Bolton Wanderers, Millwall, Sheffield ku wa gatatu na Milton Keynes Dons mbere yo gusinyisha ikipe ya Wolverhampton Wanderers muri Mutarama 2015. Umwaka umwe, yasinyiye Bournemouth ku mayelo miliyoni 10. Nyuma y'igihembwe, yagarutse ku ntizanyo yahoze mu ikipe y’wolves muri shampiyona yakurikiyeho aho yabonye amayelo miliyoni 10 yoherejwe muri Molineux. Icyakora bidatinze, yinjiye muri Stoke City mu ntangiriro ku nguzanyo mbere yo guhinduka burundu muri Mutarama 2019. Afobe yari mu ikipe y'Ubwongereza yegukanye igikombe cya Shampiyona yo mu Burayi munsi yabafite imyaka 17 -FA y'abatarengeje imyaka 17 muri Gicurasi 2010. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Afobe yavukiye i Leyton, muri Londere, akurira i Dagenham aho yize amashuri abanza ya Monteagle ndetse n’ishuri ry’abaturage rya Jo Richardson. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://bdsfa.bdcs.org.uk/about-us/87-2/ |access-date=1 July 2018 |website=BSFSA}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=England call for Benik |url=http://www.barkinganddagenhampost.co.uk/sport/football/england-call-for-benik-1-576548 |access-date=1 July 2018 |website=Barking and Dagenham Post |archive-date=1 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180701194131/http://www.barkinganddagenhampost.co.uk/sport/football/england-call-for-benik-1-576548 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yinjiye muri Arsenal Academy afite imyaka itandatu; yakinaga mu cyumweru cya shampiyona Eclipse FC i Dagenham ubwo yabonwaga numuskuti wa Arsenal - Gary Nott. Yinjiye muri Arsenal ku ya 1 Gicurasi 2001. Yatsinze ibitego 40 muri U-16 muri 2007–08, <ref>{{Cite web |date=April 2008 |title=Beni joined arsenal ink Afobe |url=http://younggunsblog.co.uk/Benik-Afobe/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304132222/http://younggunsblog.co.uk/2009/02/benik-afobe-signs-scholarship-forms-with-arsenal/ |archive-date=4 March 2014 |access-date=8 November 2010 |publisher=Arsenal F.C.}}</ref> <ref name="SWFC">{{Cite web |date=30 January 2014 |title=Benik Afobe joins Sheffield Wednesday |url=http://www.swfc.co.uk/news/article/benik-afobe-joins-sheffield-wednesday-1327417.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828213423/http://www.swfc.co.uk/news/article/benik-afobe-joins-sheffield-wednesday-1327417.aspx |archive-date=28 August 2014 |website=Sheffield Wednesday FC}}</ref> ibitego 11 mumikino 13 yakinnye muri 2008–09, n'ibitego 21 mumikino 24 yakinnye muri Arsenal U-18 muri 2009–10. <ref>{{Cite web |date=14 June 2010 |title=2009/10 Player Review: Benik Afobe |url=http://www.arsenal.com/news/reserves-news/2009/10-player-review-benik-afobe |access-date=18 June 2010 |publisher=Arsenal F.C}}</ref> Yatorewe kuba umukinnyi U-18 wa Arsenal muri shampiyona. == Umwuga wa ikipe == === Arsenal === Afobe yahise atsinda ibitego bibiri batsinda Manchester United ibitego 4-0 mu mikino yi cyiciro cya kabiri nyuma yo kuza kumusimbura. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2014 |title=Report: MK Dons 4–0 Man Utd |url=http://www.mkdons.com/news/article/report-mk-dons-4-0-man-utd-1877359.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140828213042/http://www.mkdons.com/news/article/report-mk-dons-4-0-man-utd-1877359.aspx |archive-date=28 August 2014 |access-date=28 August 2014 |publisher=Keynes Dons F.C.}}</ref> Mu cyiciro cya gatatu, yatsinze ibindi bitego bibiri kugirango afashe ikipe ye gutsinda Bradford City no kugera mu cyiciro cya kane. Ku ya 29 Ugushyingo, Afobe yatsinze Hat trick itsinze Colchester United 6–0. === Wolverhampton Wanderers === [[Dosiye:Benik_Afobe_(2015).jpg|thumb| Afobe ikinira Wolverhampton Wanderers muri 2015]] [[Dosiye:Benik_Afobe.jpg|thumb|225x225px| Afobe ikinira Ubwongereza munsi ya 19 muri 2012]] {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+Ibigaragara nintego byikipe yigihugu numwaka ! Ikipe y'igihugu ! Umwaka ! Porogaramu ! Intego |- | rowspan="2" | DR Congo | 2017 | 2 | 1 |- | 2018 | 4 | 0 |- ! colspan="2" | Igiteranyo ! 6 ! 1 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Urutonde rwibitego mpuzamahanga byatsinzwe na Benik Afobe ! scope="col" | Oya. ! data-sort-type="date" scope="col" | Itariki ! scope="col" | Ikibanza ! scope="col" | Cap ! scope="col" | Murwanya ! scope="col" | Amanota ! scope="col" | Igisubizo ! scope="col" | Irushanwa |- | style="text-align:center" | 1 | 5 Kamena 2017 | Ikigo cyimikino cya FAR, [[Rabat]], Maroke | style="text-align:center" | 1 |Botswana | style="text-align:center" | 1–0 | style="text-align:center" | 2–0 | Nshuti |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] dejd64sqvt16k9zaaj1a6xwzhy8cuzh 0 16093 140235 121391 2026-09-25T12:00:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140235 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nicodème Kabamba Wa Kabengu''', uzwi ku izina rya ''Serpent de Rail'' cyangwa ''Umushakashatsi'' (yavutse Ku ya 29 Nyakanga 1936) , yahoze ari umukinnyi w'[[umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri congo (DRC) yahindutswe nyuma umutoza. == Ubuzima == Kapiteni w'ikipe ya congo yatsindiye CAN muri 1968 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.digitalcongo.net/article/86185 |title=Article sur digitalcongo.net |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2014-03-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140311153754/http://www.digitalcongo.net/article/86185 |url-status=dead }}</ref>, Nicodème Kabamba yatsinze ibitego bibiri yatsinze Congo-Brazzaville. Yabaye mpuzamahanga kuva muri 1956 kugeza 1969 akinira Amerika Panda, DC Motema Pembe na Standard de Liège muri 1959 - 1963 ). Yaje kuba umutoza hagati muri 1973 na 2003: ni umutoza wungirije w'ikipe y'igihugu muri CAN muri 1974 <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.leopardsfoot.com/articles/lire/cle/breves/id/511/nico-kabamba-a-recu-le-trophee-ufc-dhonneur.html |title=Article sur leopardsfoot.com |access-date=2023-04-07 |archive-date=2014-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140117030328/http://www.leopardsfoot.com/articles/lire/cle/breves/id/511/nico-kabamba-a-recu-le-trophee-ufc-dhonneur.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>, yatsinze irushanwa. Ayobora amakipe ya SCOM Mikishi, FC Saint Éloi Lupopo, DC Motema Pembe (kuva muri 2003) <ref>[http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200310030866.html Article sur allafrica.com]</ref> na TP Mazembe. Muri 2013, yahawe igikombe cyi cyubahiro cyo muri UFC. == Abapfuye == [[Dosiye:Football trainning.jpg|thumb|Umupira w'amaguru]] Yapfuye ku ya 29 Gashyantare 2020 mu ivuriro ya Ngalima i Gombe maze, ahambwa ku ya 10 Gicurasi 2020 mu irimbi rya Necropolis <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[Grand Kasai TV]] |date=4 mai 2020 |title=La mort de Nicodeme Kabamba |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9mvFDUAzjXI |access-date=14-5-2020 |website=youtube.com |language=fr}}</ref> , <ref>{{Cite web |last=[[B-One TV|b-one TV Congo]] |date=9 mai 2020 |title=Hommage: Nicodem Kabamba inhumé 70 jours après son décès |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_91lC0HpdY |access-date=14-5-2020 |website=youtube.com |language=fr}}</ref> . == amahuza yo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140311151215/http://radiookapi.net/sport/2012/12/21/foot-une-ong-devoile-lequipe-type-de-la-rdc/comment-page-1/ UFC 2013 ibikombe kurubuga rwa Radio Okapi]  == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] 8aipp15bix72age9n030ahpgczs1nv6 0 16128 140282 94425 2026-09-25T12:07:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140282 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabwe Kasongo''' (yavutse Ku ya 31 Nyakanga 1970) Ni umukinnyi ukina [[Umupira w’amaguru|wumupira wamaguru]] ukomoka muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|(DRC)]] i [[Kinshasa]]. Yakinnye nka myugariro. == Ubuzima == Kabwe Kasongo yitabiriye Igikombe cy’Afurika muri 1992, Igikombe cy’Afurika cyo muri 1994, Igikombe cy’Afurika muri 1996 ndetse n’igikombe cy’Afurika cy’ibihugu muri 2000 hamwe n’ikipe ya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. Muri ikipe, akina cyane ashyigikiye Vitoriya Guimarães na Deportivo Chaves. Yakinnye imikino 39 yose mu cyiciro 1 cya Porutugali naho imikino 211 muri 2&amp;nbsp;Igabana ry'igiportigale. Ku ya 19 Gashyantare 2020, yabaye umutoza wa Sabroso Sport Clube, ikipe yo mu karere ka Vila Real. == Umwuga == * 1990 - 1992: Lubumbashi Imikino * 1992 - 1994: Daring Club Motema Pembe * 1994 - 1996: Lubumbashi Imikino * 1996 - 1997: Imikino Clube da Covilha * 1997 - 1999: Vitoria Guimaraes * 1999 - 2008: Deportivo == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] fbpw85e7mgfh36m32nrcifm5bx3lrtd 0 16170 140287 94498 2026-09-25T12:55:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140287 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cédric Mongongu''' (yavutse 22 kamena 1989 i [[Kinshasa]]) ni umukinnyi ukina [[umupira w'amaguru]] ukomoka muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|congo]] ukina nka myugariro wo hagati. == Ubuzima == === AS Monaco === Yageze kare cyane mu [[Bufaransa]] avuye muri Zayire, Mongongu afite ubwenegihugu bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Kongo]]. Ashishikaye cyane nu [[Umupira w’amaguru|mupira w'amaguru]], yatangiye gukinira hariya mu ikipe ya Garenne-Colombes ( Hauts-de-Seine ) mbere yo kwinjira mu ikipe ya Racing club de France afite imyaka 13, arangije ahakorerwa imyitozo ya AS Monaco muri 2005 hanyuma agaragara bwa mbere muri L1 muri 2007. Yamaze gutorwa mu izamu hagati, yahuye n’[[Ubufaransa]] A 'mu mukino wa gicuti wabereye muri [[Esipanye|Espagne]]. Muri Monaco, ntarashyirwa mu mwanya runaka. Akenshi yakoreshwaga hagati, Ricardo yatangiye kuyikoresha mu kwirwanaho kubera ubushobozi bwayo bwo ku zamura. Akoreshwa kandi nk'inyura iburyo, asimburana na François Modesto, aho atoroheye cyane kuruta muri myugariro wo hagati. Kugira ngo yishyure ibikomere, yagaragaye gake cyane nka myugariro wo hagati. Amaherezo Mongongu yatsinze mu izamu ryo hagati, ihura na Nicolas N'Koulou imwe mu mpeta zo hagati mu Burayi. Mu ntangiriro za shampiyona yo muri 2009-2010, Cédric yagumanye icyizere cy'umutoza mushya wa ASM, wamuhuje na Sébastien Puygrenier muri myugariro wo hagati. Yasinyanye amasezerano ya mbere y'umwuga y'imyaka 3. Yakinnye imikino 33 ya Ligue 1 muri shampiyona yamubonye asohoka. Birahumuriza kandi ni byiza gutangira, yanga abamurwanya. Umukino we mwiza rwose niwo wakinnye na Olympique de Marseille kuri Vélodrome. Imyitwarire ye myiza cyane yatumye aba ku gipangu cy'amakipe akomeye harimo na AC Milan. Amaherezo yahisemo gukomeza amarangamutima ya Monegasque. Yatangiye umukino wa mbere wa shampiyona yo muri 2010-2011 i Lyon ariko nyuma yaje gutakaza umwanya kubera imvune nimyitwarire ye. === Evian Thonon Gaillard === == Ibihembo == === Mu ma ikipe === * '''[[Ishyirahamwe ryimikino ryikipe yumupira wamaguru ya Monaco|AS Monaco]]''' ** Champion de France des réserves professionnelles en 2008 ** ku mukino wa nyuma wa Coupe de France muri 2010 === Mu guhitamo === == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] nzzowr7pxslmf73ocm2ija4wbhmbza9 0 16241 140274 103781 2026-09-25T12:06:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140274 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Andre Ngole Kona''' cyangwa '''Andre N'Gole Kona''' (Yavutse Ku ya 16 Kamena 1970 i Lubumbashi muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]) yahoze ari umukinnyi mpuzamahanga w'umupira w'amaguru ukomoka mu cyahoze ari muri Zayire. Yakinaga nka rutahizamu. == Ubuzima == Yatangiye gukina umupira w'amaguru mu gihugu cye kavukire kandi akurikirana amakipe ya Lubumbashi ( FC Lubumbashi Sport ) na Barumbu ( SM Bibicha ) <ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/nj/sivritepe/0203/club/1istanbul.html joueur de İstanbulspor en 2002]</ref> . Hanyuma yagiye mu kigo cyigisha imyitozo cya Jomo Cosmos muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jomocosmos.co.za/default.asp?cid=5280 |title=histoire de Jomo Sono |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=2007-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928002959/http://www.jomocosmos.co.za/default.asp?cid=5280 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Muri shampiyona yo muri 1993–94, Andre Kona yakiniyeikipe ya Gençlerbirliği . Mu gutsinda ibitego 74 harimo penariti 12 kuri Gençlerbirliği, yabaye umukinnyi watsinze ibitego byinshi muri 1958 . Hagati yo muri 1993 ( Ku ya 23 Kanama 1993 ) na 2001 ( iKu ya 26 Gicurasi 2001 ), yakinnye imikino 147 yose hamwe iminota 12 458 kuriyi kipe. Imyitwarire ye myiza yaje muri shampiyona ya 1993–94, ubwo yatsindaga ibitego 21 byose mu cyiciro cya mbere cya [[Turukiya]] akinira ikipe ya Antalyaspor, hanyuma yongera gukinira Gençlerbirliği, hanyuma akinira Diyarbakirspor hanyuma asoreza muri İstanbulspor A. Ş. . Ni umwe mu bakinnyi bonyine muri [[Turukiya]] batsinze ibitego birenga 100 muri Shampiyona ya [[Turukiya]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.k3s.be/blog/index.php?2006%2F07%2F18%2F11-besiktas-belgium-asbl |title=+100buts |access-date=2023-04-10 |archive-date=2008-11-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081114095945/http://www.k3s.be/blog/index.php?2006%2F07%2F18%2F11-besiktas-belgium-asbl |url-status=dead }}</ref> . == Ibihembo == * 2001 wegukanye igikombe cya Turukiya hamwe na Gençlerbirliği == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == amahuza yo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] tbeots9ioeaatbcng1403manh1gt4do 0 16242 140283 94685 2026-09-25T12:07:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140283 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox_v2 noarchive" | colspan="3" class="entete footballblack" style="background-color:#99cc99;color:#000000;" |Nicaise Kudimbana |- | colspan="3" style="text-align:center; line-height: 1.5em;" |[[Dosiye:Mulopo_Kudimbana.JPG|link=Fichier:Mulopo_Kudimbana.JPG|alt=Image illustrative de l’article Mulopo Kudimbana|385x385px|Nicaise Kudimbana hamwe na [[Royal Sporting Club Anderlecht|Anderlecht]] muri 2014.]] <br /><br />Nicaise Kudimbana na Anderlecht muri 2014. |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |Ubu uko ameze |- ! scope="row" |Ikipe | colspan="2" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Sint-Eloois-Winkel |- ! scope="row" |Inomero | colspan="2" |41 |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |Ibi mugize |- ! scope="row" |<u>Amazina</u> | colspan="2" |Nicaise Mulopo Kudimbana |- ! scope="row" |Ubwenegihugu | colspan="2" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> [[ububiligi]]<br /><br /><span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</span> [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congolais]] |- ! scope="row" |ikipe y'akiniye | colspan="2" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]</span> [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Congolais]] |- ! scope="row" |Amavuko | colspan="2" |<time datetime="1987-01-21" class="nowrap date-lien bday" data-sort-value="1987-01-21">21 Mutarama 1987</time> <span class="noprint">(36)</span> <br /><br />[[Buruseli|Bruxelles]] ([[Ububiligi|Belgique]]) |- ! scope="row" |ubureure | colspan="2" |1,90 |- ! scope="row" |<u>Igihe</u> | colspan="2" |kuva 2008 |- ! scope="row" |Umwanya yakinaga | colspan="2" |Mu izamu |- ! scope="row" |ukirenge | colspan="2" |Uburyo |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |mu ingimbi |- | style="font-weight: normal;" |'''umwaka''' | |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" | |- | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0000</s>-2001 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Atlas Bruxelles |- | class="data" |2001-2005 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Union Saint-Gilloise |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |mu nkuru |- |'''Umwaka''' |'''ikipe''' |ibindi |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#3;" | |- | class="data" |2005-2008 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Union Saint-Gilloise | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>69 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2008-2011 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> RSC Anderlecht | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>1 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2008-2009 | class="data" |<span class="nowrap"><span style="cursor:help;" title="Prêté à">→</span> <span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Union Saint-Gilloise</span> | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>20 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2011 | class="data" |<span style="cursor:help;" title="Prêté à">→</span> <span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Cercle Bruges | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>1 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2011-2012 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Cercle Bruges | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>1 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2012-2014 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> KV Ostende | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>40 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2014-2015 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> RSC Anderlecht | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>0 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2015-2017 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Royal Antwerp | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>47 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2017-2018 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Union Saint-Gilloise | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>17 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2019-2020 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> Wallonia Walhain | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>0 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2020 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|Ibendera: Ububiligi]]</span> RCS Brainois | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>0 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2020 | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : Belgique]]</span> KSV Roulers | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>0 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2021- | class="data" |<span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : Belgique]]</span> Sint-Eloois-Winkel | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>15 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- ! colspan="3" style="padding:4px; text-align:center; background-color:#99cc99; color:#000000" |mu ikipe y'igihugu |- |'''umwaka''' |'''ikipe''' |ib |- | colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#3;" | |- | class="data" |2007 | class="data" |<span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_Belgium_(civil).svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : Belgique]]</span> ububiligi</span> | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>1 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |- | class="data" |2008-2017 | class="data" |<span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon">[[Dosiye:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|link=Fichier:Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg|alt=|border|class=noviewer|20x20px|[fr→rw]Drapeau : République démocratique du Congo]]</span> Congo</span> | class="data" |<s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">00</s>6 <s style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent">0</s>(0) |} '''Nicaise Mulopo Kudimbana''', (Yavutse Ku ya 21 Mutarama 1987 i [[Buruseli]], mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]]) ni umukinnyi ukina ari mpuzamahanga ukina umupira w'amaguru ukomoka muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|congo]] ukina nku muzamu muri KVC Sint-Eloois-Winkel. Afite kandi ubwenegihugu bw'[[Ububiligi]]. == Ubuzima == Yavukiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]], yahisemo guhitamo [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Abanyekongo]] muri 2008 agamije kwambara umwenda ''w'ingwe''. Yanze rero ubwenegihugu [[Ububiligi|bw'Ububiligi]] kuko nk'uko ingingo ya 10 y'Itegeko Nshinga rya [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] ibivuga, “Ubwenegihugu bwa Kongo ni bumwe kandi bwihariye. Ntishobora gufatirwa hamwe nizindi zose ” [http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20121101013637/http://www.leganet.cd/Legislation/Code de la famille/LIVRE I DE LA NATIONALITE.htm 1] . == Ibihembo == === Muri ikipe === === Mu guhitamo === * '''DR Congo''' ** Igikombe cya Afurika: *** Icya gatatu: 2015 . == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == amahuza yo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] b1uxhod4sis4o7uvpiczztp1y0x78xd 0 16368 140249 121415 2026-09-25T12:02:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140249 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Guy Lusadisu''' [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|ni umunyekongo]] wahoze akina [[Umupira w’amaguru|umupira w'amaguru]] wa bigize umwuga. Aheruka gukina nk'umukinnyi wo hagati muri AS Vita Club. Muri Gashyantare 2019, yagizwe umutoza mukuru wa AS Maniema Union <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 7, 2019 |title=Maniema Union: Guy Lusadisu nommé entraîneur principal |url=https://www.eventsrdc.com/maniema-union-guy-lusadisu-nomme-entraineur-principal/ |website=eventsrdc.com}}</ref> . == Umwuga == === Kugaragara mpuzamahanga === : ''Amanota n'ibisubizo urutonde rwa mbere DR DR.'' {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%;" !Oya. ! Itariki ! Ikibanza ! Murwanya ! Intego ! Igisubizo ! Irushanwa |- | 1. | Ku ya 6 Ugushyingo 2015 | Estádio 11 de Novembro, Luanda, [[Angola]] | Zambiya | align="center" | '''2''' –0 | align="center" | 3–0 | Nshuti |- | 2. | Ku ya 17 Mutarama 2016 | [[Stade Huye|Stade ya Huye]], [[Butare]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | Etiyopiya | align="center" | '''1''' –0 | align="center" | 3–0 | Shampiyona y’ibihugu bya Afurika 2016 |} === Umutoza === Muri 2017 yatangiye umwuga we nk'[[Umuhoza Emma Pascaline|umutoza]] wa AS PJSK [[ikipe]] ya bigenewe ya AS Vita Club Kandi yafashijwe na Francis Makenda wa musimbuye nyuma yo kuva muri iyi [[ikipe]] muri 2019 akajya muri AS Maniema Union == Ibihembo == ; AS Vita Club '''Uwatsinze''' * Urutonde 1 2014-15 '''Finalist''' * CAF Champion League: 2014 ; TP Mazembe '''Uwatsinze''' * Linafoot (2): 2011, 2012 * CAF Champion League (2): 2009, 2010 * [[Dosiye:Trophée de la Ligue des champions de la CAF.jpg|center|thumb|Igikombe cya CAF Champions League]]CAF Super Cup (2): 2010, 2011 '''ku mukino wanyuma''' * Igikombe cyisi cya FIFA: 2010 == Reba == {{Reflist}} == amahuza yo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi wa Congo]] f7i6qpn3abg6xgshfoip0g7yozbip9u 0 16604 140242 113454 2026-09-25T12:01:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140242 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Luenha Mazowe OSM.png|thumb|Aho Umugezi wa Mazowe uhererye|308x308px]] Umugezi wa Mazowe ni umugezi uzamuka mu majyaruguru ya [[Harare]], utemba ugana mu majyaruguru hanyuma ukagana mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba aho ugize igice cy'umupaka wa [[Mozambike]] kandi uhuza umugezi rwa Luenha, uruzi rw'umugezi wa Zambezi. Umugezi wa Mazowe ufite ikibaya gifata amazi kingana na kilometerokare 39,000. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=27–44, page 33}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 1920, urugomero rwa Mazowe rwubatswe ku ruzi mu birometero mirongo ine mu majyaruguru ya Harare mu kuhira imirima y'imbuto z'amacunga n' indimu. <ref>Kent Rusmussen, R. & Rubert, S. (1990) ''Historical Dictionary of Zimbabwe'', The Scarecrow Press.</ref> Umugezi wa Mazowe n’inzuzi zawo biri ahantu hazwi cyane hashyirwa amabuye ya zahabu ndetse n’ibikorwa bito bito, nubwo mu gihe cy’imvura, Mazowe ihinduka umugezi ukaze, akenshi usenya inkombe zawo kandi wangiriza abaturage baho n’imirima. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Imigezi yo muri Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Imigezi yo muri Zimbabwe]] jayel1v4hvf8t9i0h48bhn88zyednam 0 16733 140299 128592 2026-09-25T23:08:02Z Wnjr 18995 Kosora <ref> yangiritse binyuze mu gukoporora amakuru yayo mu nkuru y'umwimerere. 140299 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:100frw.png|thumb|Igiceri]] [[Dosiye:Stamp of Rwanda - 1962 - Colnect 154930 - Independence.jpeg|thumb|ikiranganego cyurwanda mbere ya jenocide]] '''Amafaranga yu Rwanda''' <ref name="NBRlt">National Bank of Rwanda. "[http://www.bnr.rw/currency/legaltender.aspx Legal tender] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403002115/http://www.bnr.rw/currency/legaltender.aspx |date=2011-04-03 }}." Accessed 2011-02-25.</ref> ( Afite ikimenyetso cya '''FRw''', <ref name="NBRcc">National Bank of Rwanda. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170221112816/http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=113 Currency characteristics]." Accessed 2017-02-20.</ref> cyangwa se RF <ref>University of British Columbia: Saunders School of Business. "[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Currencies of the World]." Accessed 2011-02-25.</ref> <ref>Lonely Planet. "[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda Rwanda]." Accessed 2011-02-25.</ref> ) ni ifaranga ryu [[Rwanda]] . rikaba r'igabanyijemo ibice 100. == Amateka == Amafaranga yabaye ifaranga ry’u Rwanda kuva muri 1916, mu gihe [[Ububiligi]] bwari bwigaruriraga ubukoloni bwahoze bufitwe n'[[Abadage]], naho amafaranga y’Ababiligi ya Kongo asimbura rupie yo mu Budage bw’Uburasirazuba. U Rwanda rwakoreshaga ifaranga rya Kongo Bubiligi kugeza mu 1960, igihe hatangizwaga amafaranga y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi. U Rwanda rwatangiye gutanga amafaranga yarwo muri 1964, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri ibonye ubwigenge. Icyifuzo cyari icyo kumenyekanisha ifaranga rimwe, nki shitingi rishya ryo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ku bihugu bitanu bigize [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]]. Mu gihe byari biteganijwe ko bizaba mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2012, <ref name="shilling">{{Cite web |last=Miriri |first=Duncan |date=2010-07-01 |title=East African common market begins |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170653/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true |archive-date=2012-01-18 |access-date=2011-07-12 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |location=[[Nairobi|Nairobi, Kenya]] |quote=The ultimate goal of the bloc is to have a common currency in 2012}}</ref> gusa guhera muri Werurwe 2023, rizaba ari ifaranga rusange gusa ntiriratangizwa. == Ibiceri == Muri 1964, ibiceri byatangijwe kumafaranga ni 1, 5 na 10, mu muringa. Mu 1969, hamenyekanye ibiceri bya aluminiyumu ku ifaranga 1 , bikurikirwa na 1970 na  n'amafaranga 2 nayo muri aluminiyumu. Kugabanuka k'umuringa-nikel igiceri 10 cy'amafaranga yatanzwe muri 1974. Igice cy'umuringa cyari 20 na 50 yatangijwe muri 1977. Urukurikirane rushya rw'ibiceri 1 kugeza kuri 50 rwasohotse muri 2004 (byatangiye muri 2003) kandi igiceri gishya cya bimetalike cy’amafaranga 100 cyatangijwe muri 2008 (byatangiye muri 2007) * Amafaranga 1 - 98% Aluminiyumu, 2% Manyesiyumu * Amafaranga 5 - Umuringa * Amafaranga 10 - Umuringa * Amafaranga 20 - Nickel - icyuma gisize * Amafaranga 50 - Icyuma gikozwe muri Nickel * Amafaranga 100 - Impeta y'icyuma ya Nickel hamwe ni cyuma gikozwe mu muringa. == Inoti == Muri 1964, inoti z'agateganyo zashyizweho kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu Rwanda (20 kugeza 100) Ibyo byakurikiranwe n'ibibazo bisanzwe kumafaranga angana kuva muri 1964 kugeza 1976. Ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2019, [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]] yatangaje ko hazashyirwaho inoti nshya ya 500 n’inoti 1.000. Inoti zizaba zifite umutekano mushya hamwe nu bwiza bwo kugabanya Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inoti ya mafaranga 500 ni shyashya rwose, gusa ibara rusange ryahinduwe rihinduka umukara kugirango rifashe gutandukanya inoti 1.000. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="5" |Inoti z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (Ikibazo kiriho) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=208 |title=2009 series |access-date=2023-06-06 |archive-date=2014-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223200948/http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=208 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! Ishusho ! Agaciro ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma |- |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0038.htm] | Amafaranga 500 ( ''Amafaranga Magana Atanu'' ) | Abanyeshuri biga hamwe na mudasobwa XO | Inka |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWAW2019-0500.htm] | Amafaranga 500 ( ''Amafaranga Magana Atanu'' ) | Abanyeshuri biga hamwe na mudasobwa XO | Nyungwe Canopy; Muregeya guhagarika ibirenge |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0039.htm] | Amafaranga 1000 ( ''Igihumbi'' ) | [[Ingoro ndangamurage y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda (Rwanda)|Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda]], Butare | Inkende ya zahabu, parike y'ibirunga |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0040.htm] | 2000 frw ( ''Amafaranga Ibihumbi Bibiri'' ) | Isahani ya satelite n'umunara wa radio | Ikawa |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0041.htm] | 5000 frw ( ''Amafaranga Ibihumbi Bitanu'' ) | Ingagi muri Parike y'Ibirunga | Ibitebo |- |} == Igipimo cyi vunjisha cya mateka == Amafaranga y'u Rwanda ku madorari y'Abanyamerika: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda] * 262.20 (1995) * 393.44 (2000) * 610 (2005) * 570 (2010) * 689 (2014) * 760 (2016) * 947 (2020) {{Exchange rate|RWF}}<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ubwoko-bw-amafaranga-yakoreshejwe-mu-rwanda-mu-myaka-ijana-ishize-igice-cya-iii</ref> [[Dosiye:Stamp of Rwanda - 1962 - Colnect 154933 - Independence.jpeg|thumb|AMAFARANGA YO KUBWA KAYIBANDA]] == Reba kandi ==   * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] * Burundian franc == Reba == {{Reflist}}  == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Amafaranga]] ga2dre059zpqo5dt64putja4tke92uv 140300 140299 2026-09-26T00:43:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140300 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:100frw.png|thumb|Igiceri]] [[Dosiye:Stamp of Rwanda - 1962 - Colnect 154930 - Independence.jpeg|thumb|ikiranganego cyurwanda mbere ya jenocide]] '''Amafaranga yu Rwanda''' <ref name="NBRlt">National Bank of Rwanda. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110403002115/http://www.bnr.rw/currency/legaltender.aspx Legal tender] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110403002115/http://www.bnr.rw/currency/legaltender.aspx |date=2011-04-03 }}." Accessed 2011-02-25.</ref> ( Afite ikimenyetso cya '''FRw''', <ref name="NBRcc">National Bank of Rwanda. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170221112816/http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=113 Currency characteristics]." Accessed 2017-02-20.</ref> cyangwa se RF <ref>University of British Columbia: Saunders School of Business. "[http://fx.sauder.ubc.ca/currency_table.html Currencies of the World]." Accessed 2011-02-25.</ref> <ref>Lonely Planet. "[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda Rwanda]." Accessed 2011-02-25.</ref> ) ni ifaranga ryu [[Rwanda]] . rikaba r'igabanyijemo ibice 100. == Amateka == Amafaranga yabaye ifaranga ry’u Rwanda kuva muri 1916, mu gihe [[Ububiligi]] bwari bwigaruriraga ubukoloni bwahoze bufitwe n'[[Abadage]], naho amafaranga y’Ababiligi ya Kongo asimbura rupie yo mu Budage bw’Uburasirazuba. U Rwanda rwakoreshaga ifaranga rya Kongo Bubiligi kugeza mu 1960, igihe hatangizwaga amafaranga y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi. U Rwanda rwatangiye gutanga amafaranga yarwo muri 1964, nyuma y'imyaka ibiri ibonye ubwigenge. Icyifuzo cyari icyo kumenyekanisha ifaranga rimwe, nki shitingi rishya ryo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, ku bihugu bitanu bigize [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]]. Mu gihe byari biteganijwe ko bizaba mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2012, <ref name="shilling">{{Cite web |last=Miriri |first=Duncan |date=2010-07-01 |title=East African common market begins |url=https://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118170653/http://af.reuters.com/article/kenyaNews/idAFLDE65T2AJ20100701?sp=true |archive-date=2012-01-18 |access-date=2011-07-12 |publisher=[[Reuters]] |location=[[Nairobi|Nairobi, Kenya]] |quote=The ultimate goal of the bloc is to have a common currency in 2012}}</ref> gusa guhera muri Werurwe 2023, rizaba ari ifaranga rusange gusa ntiriratangizwa. == Ibiceri == Muri 1964, ibiceri byatangijwe kumafaranga ni 1, 5 na 10, mu muringa. Mu 1969, hamenyekanye ibiceri bya aluminiyumu ku ifaranga 1 , bikurikirwa na 1970 na  n'amafaranga 2 nayo muri aluminiyumu. Kugabanuka k'umuringa-nikel igiceri 10 cy'amafaranga yatanzwe muri 1974. Igice cy'umuringa cyari 20 na 50 yatangijwe muri 1977. Urukurikirane rushya rw'ibiceri 1 kugeza kuri 50 rwasohotse muri 2004 (byatangiye muri 2003) kandi igiceri gishya cya bimetalike cy’amafaranga 100 cyatangijwe muri 2008 (byatangiye muri 2007) * Amafaranga 1 - 98% Aluminiyumu, 2% Manyesiyumu * Amafaranga 5 - Umuringa * Amafaranga 10 - Umuringa * Amafaranga 20 - Nickel - icyuma gisize * Amafaranga 50 - Icyuma gikozwe muri Nickel * Amafaranga 100 - Impeta y'icyuma ya Nickel hamwe ni cyuma gikozwe mu muringa. == Inoti == Muri 1964, inoti z'agateganyo zashyizweho kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu Rwanda (20 kugeza 100) Ibyo byakurikiranwe n'ibibazo bisanzwe kumafaranga angana kuva muri 1964 kugeza 1976. Ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2019, [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda]] yatangaje ko hazashyirwaho inoti nshya ya 500 n’inoti 1.000. Inoti zizaba zifite umutekano mushya hamwe nu bwiza bwo kugabanya Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inoti ya mafaranga 500 ni shyashya rwose, gusa ibara rusange ryahinduwe rihinduka umukara kugirango rifashe gutandukanya inoti 1.000. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="5" |Inoti z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (Ikibazo kiriho) <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=208 |title=2009 series |access-date=2023-06-06 |archive-date=2014-12-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223200948/http://www.bnr.rw/index.php?id=208 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- ! Ishusho ! Agaciro ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma |- |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0038.htm] | Amafaranga 500 ( ''Amafaranga Magana Atanu'' ) | Abanyeshuri biga hamwe na mudasobwa XO | Inka |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWAW2019-0500.htm] | Amafaranga 500 ( ''Amafaranga Magana Atanu'' ) | Abanyeshuri biga hamwe na mudasobwa XO | Nyungwe Canopy; Muregeya guhagarika ibirenge |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0039.htm] | Amafaranga 1000 ( ''Igihumbi'' ) | [[Ingoro ndangamurage y’Imibereho y’abanyarwanda (Rwanda)|Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda]], Butare | Inkende ya zahabu, parike y'ibirunga |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0040.htm] | 2000 frw ( ''Amafaranga Ibihumbi Bibiri'' ) | Isahani ya satelite n'umunara wa radio | Ikawa |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/RWA/RWA0041.htm] | 5000 frw ( ''Amafaranga Ibihumbi Bitanu'' ) | Ingagi muri Parike y'Ibirunga | Ibitebo |- |} == Igipimo cyi vunjisha cya mateka == Amafaranga y'u Rwanda ku madorari y'Abanyamerika: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda] * 262.20 (1995) * 393.44 (2000) * 610 (2005) * 570 (2010) * 689 (2014) * 760 (2016) * 947 (2020) {{Exchange rate|RWF}}<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ubwoko-bw-amafaranga-yakoreshejwe-mu-rwanda-mu-myaka-ijana-ishize-igice-cya-iii</ref> [[Dosiye:Stamp of Rwanda - 1962 - Colnect 154933 - Independence.jpeg|thumb|AMAFARANGA YO KUBWA KAYIBANDA]] == Reba kandi ==   * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] * Burundian franc == Reba == {{Reflist}}  == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Amafaranga]] lbyubhzgudqghi8cmxfck2okq9rb5im 0 16734 140288 95774 2026-09-25T12:55:17Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amafaranga''' y'u Burundi, afite code ya ISO 4217, hamwe na code ni BIF) nifaranga ryu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]. Igabanijwe ku izina mu ''bice'' 100, nubwo ibiceri bitigeze bisohoka mu binyejana kuva u Burundi bwatangira gutanga ifaranga ryabwo. Gusa m'ugihe Uburundi bwakoreshaga amafaranga ry'ububiligi bwa congo ni biceri byatanzwe. == Amateka == Amafaranga yabaye ifaranga ry’Uburundi kuva muri 1916, igihe Ububiligi bwigarurira icyahoze ari ubukoloni bw[[Ubudage|’Ubudage]] bugasimbuza iryo bakoreshaga rya rupie y’Abadage yi burasirazuba ndetse ni faranga bwa Kongo. Uburundi bwakoresheje ifaranga rya Kongo mu Bubiligi kugeza muri 1960, igihe hatangizwaga amafaranga y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi. U Burundi yatangiye gutanga amafaranga yayo muri 1964. Hariho gahunda yo kwinjiza ifaranga rimwe, i shitingi rishya ryo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, mu bihugu bitanu bigize [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] guhera mu mpera zo muri 2015. Kuva muri Werurwe 2023, gusa iyi gahunda ntirasohora. == Ibiceri == Muri 1965, ''Banki'' y'Ubwami bw'Uburundi yatanze ibiceri 1 by'umuringa. Mu 1968, Banki ya Repubulika y’Uburundi yafashe itangwa ry’ibiceri maze itangiza, ifaranga rya aluminiyumu 1 na 5 na cupro-nikele ryi 10. Amafaranga 5 na 10 afite impande zombi zisa. Ubwoko bwa kabiri bwi biceri 1 na 5 by'amafaranga yatangijwe muri 1976, hagaragaramo ikirango. Muri 2011 hashyizweho ibiceri bishya 10 na 50. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="8" |Burundian ibiceri |- ! Ishusho ! Agaciro ! Ibigize ! Diameter ! Ibiro ! Umubyimba ! Impande ! Yatanzwe |- style="text-align:center" | | 1 frank | Aluminiyumu | 18.9mm | .87g | 1mm | Urubingo | 1976-2003 |- style="text-align:center" | | Amafaranga 5 | Aluminiyumu | 25mm | 2.20g | 2mm | Urubingo | 1976-2013 |- style="text-align:center" | | Amafaranga 10 | Nikeri | 28mm | 7.8g | | Urubingo | 1968-1971 |- style="text-align:center" | | Amafaranga 10 | Nickel | 27mm | 6.2g | 1.6mm | Urubingo | 2011 |- style="text-align:center" | | 50 frw | Nickel | 29mm | 7.2g | 1.63mm | Urubingo | 2011 |} == Inoti == Kuva muri Gashyantare 1964 kugeza ku ya 31 Ukuboza 1965, inoti za Banki yu Rwanda nu Burundi (Gutanga Banki y'u Rwanda n'Uburundi), mu madini ya 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 na 1.000, zacapishijwe hejuru umwobo wa diagonali "BURUNDI" kugirango ukoreshwe mu gihugu. Ibyo byakurikiranwe muri 1964 na 1965 n’ibibazo bisanzwe mu madini amwe na Banki yu bwami yu Burundi (Banki y'Ubwami bw'Uburundi). Muri 1966, inoti y’amafaranga 20 no hejuru yayo yacapishije na Banki ya Repubulika y’Uburundi, maze isimbuza ijambo "Ubwami" na "Repubulika". Ibibazo bisanzwe by'iyi banki byatangiriye mu madorari nka10, 20, 50, 100, 500, 1.000 na 5.000. Amafaranga 10 yasimbuwe n’ibiceri muri 1968. Inoti 2000 zashyizweho muri 2001, zikurikirwa n’amafaranga 10,000 muri 2004. Umufotozi Kelly Fajack ishusho yabana b’ishuri mu Burundi yakoreshejwe inyuma y’inoti y’amafaranga 10,000. Muri 2015 u Burundi bwatangije urukurikirane rushya rw'inoti. Inoti ya 10, 20, na 50 franc yatakaje ubuzima gatozi kandi inoti ya mafaranga 100 niyo nyandiko yonyine yavuye murukurikirane rwa kera. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="2" |Ishusho ! rowspan="2" | Agaciro ! rowspan="2" | Ibipimo ! rowspan="2" | Ibara rikuru ! colspan="2" | Ibisobanuro ! colspan="4" | Itariki ya |- ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! icapiro ! ikibazo ! kubikuza ! gutakara |- | align="center" |[[Dosiye:Burundi_10Franc_Front.jpg|109x109px]]</img> | align="center" |[[Dosiye:Burundi_10Franc_Back.jpg|109x109px]]</img> | 10 Amafaranga | | icyatsi | Ikarita n'ikoti ry'Uburundi | Agaciro, intego | | | | |- | align="center" |[[Dosiye:Burundi_20_Franc_Obverse.jpg|109x109px]] | align="center" |[[Dosiye:Burundi_20_Franc_Reverse.jpg|109x109px]] | 20 Amafaranga | | umutuku | | Ikirango cy'Uburundi | | | | |- | colspan="11" | These images are to scale at 0.7 pixel per millimetre. For table standards, see the imbonerahamwe yerekana inoti . |} {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%" ! colspan="5" |Inoti z'amafaranga y'u Burundi |- ! Ishusho ! Agaciro ! Kurwanya ! Subiza inyuma ! Ongera wibuke |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0036.htm] | Amafaranga 50 (Mirongo Itanu Amafranga) | Ubwato | Abarobyi, imvubu | |- |[[Dosiye:Burundi_Franc_100_front.jpg|thumb]] | Amafaranga 100 (Ijana Amafranga) | Umuganwa Rwagasore | Kubaka amazu | Ingano yumwimerere: 150 x 70&nbsp;mm. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0044.htm] | Amafaranga 100 (Ijana Amafranga) | Umuganwa Rwagasore | Kubaka amazu | Kugabanya ingano: 125 x 65&nbsp;mm. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0037A2.htm] | Amafaranga 500 (Amajan Atanu Amafranga) | Perezida [[Melchior Ndadaye]] | Banque de la République du Burundi (Ibanki ya Republika kuurundi; Banki ya Repubulika y’Uburundi) inyubako, Bujumbura | |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0038.htm] | Amafaranga 500 (Amajan Atanu Amafranga) | Ubuhanzi | Banque de la République du Burundi (Ibanki ya Republika kuurundi; Banki ya Repubulika y’Uburundi) inyubako, Bujumbura | Ingano yumwimerere: 160 x 73&nbsp;mm. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0045.htm] | Amafaranga 500 (Amajan Atanu Amafranga) | Ubuhanzi | Banque de la République du Burundi (Ibanki ya Republika kuurundi; Banki ya Repubulika y’Uburundi) inyubako, Bujumbura | Kugabanya ingano: 130 x 67&nbsp;mm. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0050.htm] | 500 frw (Amajana Atanu Amafaranga) | Ingona, ikirango n'ibendera ry'Uburundi, ishami rya kawa | Urucacagu rw'Uburundi, ubwato ku [[Lake Tanganiyka|kiyaga cya Tanganiyka]] | |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0039.htm] | 1000 frw (Igihumbi Amafranga) | Inka | Urwibutso de l'Unite, [[Bujumbura]] | Ingano yumwimerere: 170 x 76&nbsp;mm. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0046.htm] | 1000 frw (Igihumbi Amafranga) | Inka | Urwibutso de l'Unite, Bujumbura | Kugabanya ingano: 135 x 69&nbsp;mm. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0051.htm] | 1000 frw (Igihumbi Amafaranga) | Inyoni, ikirango n'ibendera ry'Uburundi, inka | Urucacagu rw'Uburundi, ibiti by'igitoki | |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0041.htm] | 2000 frw (Ibihumbi Bibiri Amafranga) | Ibisarurwa | Ikiyaga | Inyandiko yanditse yerekana imipaka yera kuri buri mfuruka. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0047.htm] | 2000 frw (Ibihumbi Bibiri Amafranga) | Ibisarurwa | Ikiyaga | Icapiro ryuzuye ku nyandiko. |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0052.htm] | 2000 frw (Igihumbi Bibiri Amafaranga) | Antelope, ikirango n'ibendera ry'Uburundi, inanasi | Urucacagu rw'Uburundi, umurima | |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0040.htm] | 5000 frw (Ibihumbi Bitanu Amafranga) | Ikirango cy'Uburundi ; Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburundi | Icyambu cya Bujumbura ( Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika ) | Igikoresho cyo kwiyandikisha hagati hepfo yinyandiko; udafite agace k'amazi |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0042.htm] | 5000 frw (Ibihumbi Bitanu Amafranga) | Ikirango cy'Uburundi ; Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburundi | Icyambu cya Bujumbura (Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika) | Igikoresho cyo kwiyandikisha cyimukiye kuruhande rwibumoso bw'inyandiko; agace k'amazi kongerewe; hiyongereyeho ibimasa bimeze nka holographic patch |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0048.htm] | 5000 frw (Ibihumbi Bitanu Amafranga) | Ikirango cy'Uburundi ; Inteko ishinga amategeko y’Uburundi | Icyambu cya Bujumbura (Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika) | Icapiro ryuzuye |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0053.htm] | 5000 frw (Ibihumbi Bitanu Amafaranga) | Buffalo, ikirango n'ibendera ry'Uburundi, ababyinnyi bafite ingoma | Urucacagu rw'Uburundi, imiterere | |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0043.htm] | 10,000 frw (Ibihumbi Cumi Amafranga) | Umuganwa Rwagasore na Perezida [[Melchior Ndadaye]] | Ibyumba by'ishuri (bishingiye ku ifoto ya Kelly Fajack) | |- | [http://banknote.ws/COLLECTION/countries/AFR/BUR/BUR0054.htm] | 10,000 frw (Ibihumbi Cumi Amat) | Hippo, ikirango n'ibendera ry'Uburundi, igikomangoma Rwagasore na Perezida [[Melchior Ndadaye]] | Urucacagu rw'Uburundi, ibimera | |- |} == Igipimo cy'ivunjisha cya mateka == Ku ya 3 Mutarama 2006, amafaranga yari afite agaciro ka 925 ku idorali 1. Ku 2008, amafaranga yari afite agaciro ka 1,129.40 ku madorari y'Abanyamerika. Ku 2009, amafaranga yari afite agaciro ka 1.234.33 ku madorari y'Abanyamerika. Ku ya 10 Nyakanga,  amafaranga yari afite 1.587.60 ku madorari y'Abanyamerika.  == Reba == pcjsxf9hou3vgpbhrx007h3jt9ub1gy 0 16877 140270 96004 2026-09-25T12:05:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140270 wikitext text/x-wiki Porofeseri '''Chacha Nyaigotti-Chacha''' (wavutse ku ya 22 Kanama 1952 mu Karere ka Kuria, Intara ya Nyanza, [[Kenya|muri Kenya]] ) ni umwanditsi w'amakinamico wo muri Kenya kandi wize cyane. Yabaye umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’inama nkuru ya kaminuza muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba (2000 &#x2013; 2010), kandi yabaye umuyobozi wa mbere w’ikigo [[Higher Education Loans Board|cy’inguzanyo cy’amashuri makuru]] (Higher Education Loans Board) cyo mu gihugu cya Kenya (1995 &#x2013; 2000). Kuri ubu akora nk'umuyobozi wa komisiyo ishinzwe uburezi muri kaminuza ya Kenya (CUE). Yize muri Kenyatta College, ahabwa BEd (y'Icyubahiro) (Ururimi rw'igiswahiri), nyuma yiga muri kaminuza ya Yale, ahabwa impamyabumenyi yisumbuyeho (MA) mu bijyanye n'indimi za Anthropologique n'impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga (Ph.D.) mu rurimi rw'igiswahili. Yabaye Umwarimu w'umunyeshuri n’Umwarimu mu rurimi rw’igiswahili n’indimi muri kaminuza ya Kenyatta nyuma akaza no kwigisha muri kaminuza ya Egerton muri Kenya. Yabaye Umwarimu w’ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubufatanye bw’akarere n’iterambere rya kaminuza gatolika yo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba. == Ibyiza Yagezeho == 2004 Yahawe Umudari w'Intwari Nkuru (OGW) Umudari (Kenya). 1994 Yahawe Umudari w'Ishimwe rya Leta (HSC) umudari (Kenya) kubera serivisi nziza. == Bibliografiya == * ''Ushairi wa Abdilatif Abdalla: Sautiya Utetezi'', Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Itangazamakuru rya kaminuza ya Dar es Salaam (DUP), 1992. (Insanganyamatsiko y'imyigaragambyo mu gisigo cy'igiswahiri). * ''Ubuvuzi gakondo muri Afurika'', Bwahinduwe na Sindiga, Isaac, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C. na Kanunah, umudepite, Abanyafurika y'Iburasirazuba bashinzwe uburezi, 1995.  * ''Mke Mwenza'', Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Abanditsi bo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba Uburezi, 1997, (Igitabo cy'inkuru y'Igiswahiri) * ''Wingu Jeusi'', Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 1987,  * ''Hukumu'', Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Longman Kenya, 1992,  /  * ''Marejeo'', Kenya Lit. Biro, 1986 == Ibindi bikorwa == * ''Umwanya w' ikiswahili muri Kenya'', Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., kaminuza ya Nairobi, Institute of African Studies, 1981 * ''Amashuri makuru yo muri Afurika mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri na rimwe'', Yateguwe na Paul Tiyambe Zeleza Adebayo Olukoshi, Igice cya 5: Kaminuza za Leta, Inkunga y’abikorera: Ibibazo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., 2005 * ''KUGARAGAZA UBUREZI BUKURU MU BIKORWA BYA KENYA, AMASOMO N'AMAHIRWE'', Nyaigotti-Chacha, C., Kenya Kanama 2004 == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3565421.stm Amasomo ava muri Afrika] * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3558445.stm Ingorane zo kwiga muri Afrika] shtaxanwjojhqi8jtwrsrhn6905nm8f 0 17044 140284 123218 2026-09-25T12:07:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140284 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’imari nyafurika''' ( '''African Monetary Union,''' '''AMU''' ) ni icyifuzo cyo gushyiraho ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga ku bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, riyobowe na Banki nkuru y’Afurika. Ihuriro nk'iryo ryasaba ko hashyirwaho ifaranga rishya rihuriweho, risa na [[Amafaranga y'amayero|Amayero]], ifaranga rya hyipothetike rimwe na rimwe ryitwa '''afro''' cyangwa '''afriq'''. Ifaranga rimwe ry’Afurika rigomba kuba rigizwe n’ibice by’ifaranga bigizwe n’amabanki y’ubumwe bw’akarere agizwe n’ifaranga ryihariye ry’igihugu ( Arab Arab Maghreb Union ( AMU ) '''Afurika y'Amajyaruguru''', [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo ( SADC )]] afurika y''''Amajyepfo''', Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba ( ECOWAS ) '''Afurika y’iburengerazuba''' cyangwa ECO, [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba ( EAC )]], '''Afurika y’iburasirazuba''' - Isoko rusange rya Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ( COMESA ) - '''Afurika yo hagati''' n'ibindi. ). Amasezerano ya Abuja, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yashyizweho umukono ku ya 3 Kamena 1991, i [[Abuja]], muri [[Nijeriya]], yashyizeho [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’ubukungu w’Afurika]], anasaba Banki nkuru y’Afurika gukurikiza mu 2028. muri 2019 , gahunda ni ugushiraho Umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika ufite ifaranga rimwe mu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community |url=https://au.int/en/treaties/treaty-establishing-african-economic-community |access-date=2019-06-25 |publisher=The African Union Commission |archive-date=2020-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305024543/https://au.int/en/treaties/treaty-establishing-african-economic-community |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’ifaranga == Muri Afurika hari amashyirahamwe abiri y’amashyirahamwe y’ifaranga muri Afurika, akoresheje amafaranga yo muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba CFA, hamwe n’amafaranga yo muri Afurika yo hagati CFA. Byongeye kandi, Igice rusange cy’ifaranga gihuza ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afrika yepfo bishingiye ku mafaranga yo muri Afrika yepfo. Gahunda y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afrika yo kurushaho kwishyira hamwe ishishikariza iterambere ry’amashyirahamwe menshi yo mu karere nkintambwe yo hagati y’ubumwe bwuzuye bw’amafaranga. Ihuriro rimwe ryasabwe ni eco, ifaranga ryateganijwe kubanyamuryango b’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (ECOWAS). == Banki Nkuru ya Afurika == Banki Nkuru Nyafurika (ACB) ni kimwe mu bigo bitatu by'imari bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bwa Afurika. Bizatwara igihe, bizatwara inshingano z'ikigega cy'imari ny'afurika. Ishirwaho rya ACB, rizarangira mu 2028, ryumvikanyweho bwa mbere mu masezerano ya Abuja yo mu 1991. Itangazo rya Sirte ryo muri 1999 ryasabye ko iki gikorwa cyihuta, hashyirwaho 2020. <ref name="AEM-Creation">{{Cite web |last=Paul R. Masson and Heather Milkiewicz |date=Jul 2003 |title=Africa's Economic Morass--Will a Common Currency Help? |url=http://www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb121.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009014415/http://www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb121.htm |archive-date=2007-10-09 |access-date=2006-04-22 |website=The Digital Collegian}}</ref> Iyo bishyizwe mu bikorwa byuzuye binyuze mu mategeko y’Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afurika, ACB niyo izatanga amafaranga yonyine y’ifaranga nyafurika (African Monetary Union / Afro), izahinduka umunyamabanki wa Guverinoma nyafurika, izabe banki muri banki yigenga na Leta ya Afurika. bigo, bizagenzura kandi bigenzure inganda z’amabanki nyafurika, kandi bizashyiraho inyungu n’ivunjisha byemewe ku bufatanye n’ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma nyafurika. == Abashyizeho umukono == Abashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano bose bari bagize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ( uwabanjirije AU ) icyo gihe ( Eritereya, Afurika y'Epfo, Sudani y'Amajyepfo na Maroc kuva binjira ) : <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Economic Community (AEC) |url=http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/Multilateral/africa/aec.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040222125608/http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/Multilateral/africa/aec.htm |archive-date=2004-02-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=AU2002:AEC/Abuja Treaty |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/key_oau/aectreat1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512033928/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/key_oau/aectreat1.htm |archive-date=2008-05-12 |access-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> == Reba kandi == == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Dr. Karis Muller, Kaminuza Nkuru ya Ositaraliya : [http://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/1vol_issue1/06_muller.pdf Kwinjiza Ifaranga rya Euro na Afurika] ,  mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ kinyamakuru cyitwa Humanitas Journal of Europe Studies], Umubumbe wa I, nomero 1, Ugushyingo 2007 * Dr. Karis Muller, Kaminuza Nkuru ya Ositaraliya : [http://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/1vol_issue1/09_karis_muller.pdf Kwinjiza Ifaranga rya Euro na Afurika] ,  mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ kinyamakuru cyitwa Humanitas Journal of Europe Studies], Umubumbe wa I, nomero 1, Ugushyingo 2007 * ''Kwinjiza Ifaranga rya Euro na Afurika'' muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ Humanitas Ikinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi bw’iburayi], Umubumbe wa I, nomero 1, Ukuboza 2007 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200305024543/https://au.int/en/treaties/treaty-establishing-african-economic-community Inyandiko y'amasezerano ya Abuja] - kuva mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'Afurika [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] jdky6mql769u6vla1iofoukb4bybqgn 140318 140284 2026-09-26T07:49:51Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140318 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’imari nyafurika''' ( '''African Monetary Union,''' '''AMU''' ) ni icyifuzo cyo gushyiraho ihuriro ry’ubukungu n’ifaranga ku bihugu bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika, riyobowe na Banki nkuru y’Afurika. Ihuriro nk'iryo ryasaba ko hashyirwaho ifaranga rishya rihuriweho, risa na [[Amafaranga y'amayero|Amayero]], ifaranga rya hyipothetike rimwe na rimwe ryitwa '''afro''' cyangwa '''afriq'''. Ifaranga rimwe ry’Afurika rigomba kuba rigizwe n’ibice by’ifaranga bigizwe n’amabanki y’ubumwe bw’akarere agizwe n’ifaranga ryihariye ry’igihugu ( Arab Arab Maghreb Union ( AMU ) '''Afurika y'Amajyaruguru''', [[Umuryango Ugamije Iterambere ry’Afurika y’amajyepfo|Umuryango w’iterambere ry’Afurika yepfo ( SADC )]] afurika y''''Amajyepfo''', Umuryango w’ubukungu w’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba ( ECOWAS ) '''Afurika y’iburengerazuba''' cyangwa ECO, [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba ( EAC )]], '''Afurika y’iburasirazuba''' - Isoko rusange rya Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo ( COMESA ) - '''Afurika yo hagati''' n'ibindi. ). Amasezerano ya Abuja, amasezerano mpuzamahanga yashyizweho umukono ku ya 3 Kamena 1991, i [[Abuja]], muri [[Nijeriya]], yashyizeho [[Umuryango w’Ubukungu bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’ubukungu w’Afurika]], anasaba Banki nkuru y’Afurika gukurikiza mu 2028. muri 2019 , gahunda ni ugushiraho Umuryango w’ubukungu nyafurika ufite ifaranga rimwe mu 2023. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Treaty Establishing the African Economic Community |url=https://au.int/en/treaties/treaty-establishing-african-economic-community |access-date=2019-06-25 |publisher=The African Union Commission |archive-date=2020-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200305024543/https://au.int/en/treaties/treaty-establishing-african-economic-community |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe y’ifaranga == Muri Afurika hari amashyirahamwe abiri y’amashyirahamwe y’ifaranga muri Afurika, akoresheje amafaranga yo muri Afurika y’iburengerazuba CFA, hamwe n’amafaranga yo muri Afurika yo hagati CFA. Byongeye kandi, Igice rusange cy’ifaranga gihuza ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afrika yepfo bishingiye ku mafaranga yo muri Afrika yepfo. Gahunda y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afrika yo kurushaho kwishyira hamwe ishishikariza iterambere ry’amashyirahamwe menshi yo mu karere nkintambwe yo hagati y’ubumwe bwuzuye bw’amafaranga. Ihuriro rimwe ryasabwe ni eco, ifaranga ryateganijwe kubanyamuryango b’ubukungu bw’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburengerazuba (ECOWAS). == Banki Nkuru ya Afurika == Banki Nkuru Nyafurika (ACB) ni kimwe mu bigo bitatu by'imari bigize Umuryango w’ubumwe bwa Afurika. Bizatwara igihe, bizatwara inshingano z'ikigega cy'imari ny'afurika. Ishirwaho rya ACB, rizarangira mu 2028, ryumvikanyweho bwa mbere mu masezerano ya Abuja yo mu 1991. Itangazo rya Sirte ryo muri 1999 ryasabye ko iki gikorwa cyihuta, hashyirwaho 2020. <ref name="AEM-Creation">{{Cite web |last=Paul R. Masson and Heather Milkiewicz |date=Jul 2003 |title=Africa's Economic Morass--Will a Common Currency Help? |url=http://www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb121.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071009014415/http://www.brookings.edu/comm/policybriefs/pb121.htm |archive-date=2007-10-09 |access-date=2006-04-22 |website=The Digital Collegian}}</ref> Iyo bishyizwe mu bikorwa byuzuye binyuze mu mategeko y’Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-Afurika, ACB niyo izatanga amafaranga yonyine y’ifaranga nyafurika (African Monetary Union / Afro), izahinduka umunyamabanki wa Guverinoma nyafurika, izabe banki muri banki yigenga na Leta ya Afurika. bigo, bizagenzura kandi bigenzure inganda z’amabanki nyafurika, kandi bizashyiraho inyungu n’ivunjisha byemewe ku bufatanye n’ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma nyafurika. == Abashyizeho umukono == Abashyize umukono kuri ayo masezerano bose bari bagize Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ( uwabanjirije AU ) icyo gihe ( Eritereya, Afurika y'Epfo, Sudani y'Amajyepfo na Maroc kuva binjira ) : <ref>{{Cite web |title=African Economic Community (AEC) |url=http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/Multilateral/africa/aec.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040222125608/http://www.dfa.gov.za/foreign/Multilateral/africa/aec.htm |archive-date=2004-02-22}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=AU2002:AEC/Abuja Treaty |url=http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/key_oau/aectreat1.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512033928/http://www.au2002.gov.za/docs/key_oau/aectreat1.htm |archive-date=2008-05-12 |access-date=2008-09-21}}</ref> == Reba kandi == == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Dr. Karis Muller, Kaminuza Nkuru ya Ositaraliya : [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ Kwinjiza Ifaranga rya Euro na Afurika] ,  mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ kinyamakuru cyitwa Humanitas Journal of Europe Studies], Umubumbe wa I, nomero 1, Ugushyingo 2007 * Dr. Karis Muller, Kaminuza Nkuru ya Ositaraliya : [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ Kwinjiza Ifaranga rya Euro na Afurika] ,  mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ kinyamakuru cyitwa Humanitas Journal of Europe Studies], Umubumbe wa I, nomero 1, Ugushyingo 2007 * ''Kwinjiza Ifaranga rya Euro na Afurika'' muri [https://web.archive.org/web/20230522170926/https://www.humanitas.edu.pl/hjes/ Humanitas Ikinyamakuru cy’ubushakashatsi bw’iburayi], Umubumbe wa I, nomero 1, Ukuboza 2007 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200305024543/https://au.int/en/treaties/treaty-establishing-african-economic-community Inyandiko y'amasezerano ya Abuja] - kuva mu muryango w'ubumwe bw'Afurika [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] li399460vvjsw4xk2xchrlyuioynqhd 0 17124 140302 123951 2026-09-26T02:29:26Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140302 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mark Bright Head Shot.jpg|thumb|bright jaja]] Bright Jaja ni Rwiyemezamirimo mu igihugu cya [[Nijeriya]]. Ni umuyobozi wa iCreate Africa. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africanleadersmagazine.com/bright-jaja-founder-ceo-of-icreate-africa/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618072817/https://africanleadersmagazine.com/bright-jaja-founder-ceo-of-icreate-africa/ |archive-date=2023-06-18 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>https://businessday.ng/news/article/icreate-entrepreneur-bright-jaja-gets-recognition-for-tackling-nigerias-unemployment/</ref> == Amateka == Muri 2016, mugihe yiga, Bright Jaja yashinze ishuri ryimpeshyi yigisha abanyeshuri gukora imyenda, gukora amasaro, ubuhanzi, gushushanya, gushushanya, gushushanya 3D, no gushushanya urubuga kubuntu. Icyamuteye gukora ibi kwari ukuzamura ubumenyi bwabasore bo muri Afrika badashobora kubona amashuri<ref>https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/9-young-african-entrepreneurs-to-watch/</ref><ref>https://www.thinkstartupbeyondborders.com/speaker-detail-jaja.html</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mystoresafrica.fws.store/Bright_Jaja_Nigeria/pI9zsL_21560212.aspx |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-06-18 |archive-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618072813/https://mystoresafrica.fws.store/Bright_Jaja_Nigeria/pI9zsL_21560212.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yashinze iCreate Africa muri 2017 kugirango azamure kandi amenyekanishe abanyamwuga babishoboye binyuze mu gusubiramo no kwerekana agaciro k’ubuhanga muri rusange no gutegura urubyiruko ubumenyi buzaza. iCreate Afrika itoza urubyiruko ubwenge bwubuhanga, tekinoroji ya blocain, tekinoroji ya drone, nanotehnologiya, ubuhinzi bwa digitale. == Ibihembo == Bright yishimiwe ahabwa igihembo cyo guhanga udushya no kuba indashyikirwa mu kwihangira imirimo no mu mibare ya Digital muri 2019. Yashyizwe ku rutonde rwa Forbes Africa 30 Abatarengeje imyaka 30 muri 2019.<ref>https://peopleofcolorintech.com/articles/9-young-african-entrepreneurs-to-watch/</ref> == Ishakiro == [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Iterambere rya Afurica]] [[Ikiciro:Nijeriya]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’Afurika]] [[Ikiciro:Ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho n'isakazabumenyi mu majyambere]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] kd486kvhuqx2855219ybswa4gai54lp 0 17693 140256 125342 2026-09-25T12:03:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Transfer_bench.jpg|alt=A white plastic bench sits with two legs inside a bathtub and two legs outside the tub resting on the floor.|thumb|Kwimura intebe yiteguye gukoreshwa]] '''Atransfer bench''' (izwi kandi nk'intebe '''yo kwiyuhagiriramo''', '''intebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo''', '''intebe yo kogeramo''', cyangwa '''intebe yo kwimura''' ) ni [[Mobility aid|igikoresho cyo mubwiherero]] gifasha umuntu kwicara kugirango yinjire mu bwogero (bathtub)mu buryo butekanye. Uyikoresha akenshi yicara ku ntebe, ikaba irenze ku ruhande rw'ubwogero( tub), hanyuma igakomeza kugenda buhoro buhoro iva hanze ijya imbere mu bwogero. Intebe zo kwimurira mu bwogero zikoreshwa nabantu bafite ikibazo cyo kurenza urukuta rw'ubwogero cyangwa kwinjira mu bwogero, kubera uburwayi cyangwa ubumuga. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Amini |first=D. |last2=Lieberman |first2=D. |last3=Hunter |first3=E. |date=2018 |title=Occupational Therapy Interventions for Adults With Musculoskeletal Conditions |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=130396318&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site |journal=American Journal of Occupational Therapy |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=1–5 |via=EBSCOHost}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |last=King |first=E. C. |date=2020 |title=Bathing frail seniors at home: Home care providers’ approaches |url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=145320560&lang=en-gb&site=eds-live&scope=site |journal=Work |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=499–517 |via=EBSCOHost}}</ref> Inyandiko ntoya idafite intebe ndende, yicaye rwose imbere y'ubwogero, izwi '''nkintebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo'''. Imikorere yayo yubatswe imbere yintebe. == Ubwoko == Intebe yambere yo kwimura mubusanzwe igizwe ninyuma, intebe ndende, namaguru ane. Amaguru imbere y'ubwogero rimwe na rimwe aba afite plungers munsi yazo zifata hejuru y'ubwogero kugirango gihamye. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi butandukanye, bwihariye kubyo umurwayi akeneye. Ingano, (mubisanzwe irashobora guhinduka) uburebure, n'ubugari burashobora gutandukana. Umukoresha yinjira ku ntebe avuye hanze y'ubwogero hanyuma akikubita hejuru yintebe kugeza imbere, azamura ukuguru kumwe icyarimwe hejuru y'ubwogero. Ibikoresho bitandukanye byubushake birahari, nkintebe ya padi, gufungura ibicuruzwa, gushyigikira inyuma, cyangwa amaboko ya swing-away. === Kunyerera cyangwa kuzunguruka === Ibi biratandukanye bivuye ku ntebe yo kwimura, kubera ko aho gusunika kurundi ruhande, uyikoresha ntabwo agomba kwimura ikibuno cye hejuru yintebe. Umukoresha yicaye gusa ku ntebe hanyuma anyerera kurundi ruhande, mubisanzwe kumurongo cyangwa ubwoko bumwe bwo kunyerera. ibi bigabanya cyane ku kintu (friction), bigatuma kwimuka byoroha cyane ku barwayi bakeneye gufashwa cyane. Intebe zo kwiyuhagiriramo cyangwa kwiyuhagira ziza muburebure butandukanye, hamwe nuburyo bwo guhitamo intebe, intebe za swivel, nintebe zaciwe. Bamwe baridegembya, mugihe abandi bifatanye kuruhande rw'ubwogero. Hariho kandi moderi ihuza intebe yibiziga, hamwe na transfert yo kwimura muri tubi ihuza intebe. Igishushanyo mbonera gishya cyo guswera gifite ibice bitatu bya gariyamoshi bifatanyiriza hamwe kwemerera umurwayi wicaye kuva ku ntebe igendanwa akajya mu bwiherero cyangwa kwiyuhagira. Igice cya mbere cya gari ya moshi ni igice cyintebe igendanwa kandi bicaye munsi yintebe itandukanijwe igizwe nuburuhukiro bwintebe, inyuma, hamwe nintoki zitemewe. Gari ya moshi ya kabiri yicaye mu kabati cyangwa kwiyuhagira kandi ifite ishingiro risa n'intebe isanzwe yo kuguru. Igice cya gatatu cya gari ya moshi ni "guhuza gariyamoshi" ihagarara hamwe nandi maseti abiri kandi ikora ikiraro gihuza hagati yabo. Kugira ngo ukoreshe ubu bwoko bwintebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo, umurezi abanza gushyira intebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo hamwe na gari ya moshi mu bwogero cyangwa kwiyuhagira akabihagarika. Umurezi noneho ahuza inzira yikiraro na gare yintebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo hanyuma akayifunga hamwe akoresheje gufunga kamera. Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukuzunguruka intebe igendanwa (hamwe numurwayi wicaye) mumwanya, hanyuma ugahuza kandi ugafunga gari ya moshi igendanwa hamwe na gari ya moshi yikiraro (kuruhande), ukongera ukoresheje gufunga kamera. Iyo ibice bitatu bya gari ya moshi bimaze guhuzwa, umurezi ashobora kuzunguza intebe (hamwe n’umurwayi wicaye) hejuru ya gari ya moshi nyuma, akava munsi y’ibiziga byintebe yimukanwa, hakurya yikiraro, no muri douche cyangwa kwiyuhagira. Intebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo ishyigikira umurwayi nintebe yicaye mugihe cyo kwiyuhagira cyangwa kwiyuhagira. Ikiraro cyikiraro hamwe nuruziga rwibiziga birashobora guhagarikwa hanyuma bikimurwa kure kugirango umurezi abone uburyo bwo kubuza umurwayi kwiyuhagira. Iyo kwiyuhagira birangiye, inzira ihindagurika yimura umurwayi kuva koga asubira ku ntebe igendanwa. Intebe za Shower zikoreshwa kenshi zifatanije no [[Patient lift|kuzamura abarwayi]] kubarwayi batunzwe cyane badashobora kwimurwa nintoki kuva ku [[Wheelchair|kagare k'abamugaye]] bajya ku ntebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo. Muri iki gihe, umurwayi yazamuwe muri shitingi avuye mu kagare k'abamugaye cyangwa kuntebe hanyuma akicara ku ntebe yo kwiyuhagiriramo kugira ngo bashobore kunyerera mu bwogero cyangwa kwiyuhagira. bra01nf71d5mymyqnvzeheorrxpfmum 0 17786 140321 117114 2026-09-26T09:03:45Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Manual self-propelled folding wheelchair silhouette.png|left|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Wheelchair Curling, Vancouver 2010 Paralympics (4444263931).jpg|thumb|wheelchair]] '''Ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga ry’abamugaye n’imikino ngororamubiri''' ( '''IWAS''' ) ni umuryango mpuzamahanga [[Umukino|wa siporo]] ugenga siporo ku bakinnyi bafite ubumuga bw’umubiri . IWAS ni umuryango utegamiye kuri leta ufite icyicaro gikuru giherereye muri Aylesbury College i Buckinghamshire . N'inzego nyobozi zawo mpuzamahanga ku mikino Paralympike siporo yo kuzitira abamugaye kimwe na siporo itera imbere ya [[Power hockey|Hockey]] . IWAS ifite ibihugu birenga 60 byabanyamuryango kandi itanga inkunga kumahirwe ya siporo kwisi yose. IWAS ikora nkuwateguye amarushanwa ya siporo menshi mumikino ya IWAS na IWAS yabatarengeje imyaka 23 . == Amateka == '''Imikino mpuzamahanga ya Stoke Mandeville''' niyo y'abanjirije imikino Paralympike kandi ikurikiza iyerekwa ryabayiremye nuwashinze, Sir Ludwig Guttmann . [[Dosiye:IWAS Games 2015 and Putin.jpg|thumb|Abakinnyi ba IWAS]] Muri 2021, Inama y’abakinnyi b’imikino y’abamugaye ya IWAS yagaragaje abahagarariye amahanga muri ''komisiyo nshya y’uburinganire'' . <ref name="iwasgender">{{Cite web |last=Houston |first=Michael |date=16 March 2021 |title=IWAS Wheelchair Fencing launches Gender Equity Commission |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1105501/iwas-wheelchair-fencing-gender-equity |access-date=2021-06-29 |website=www.Inside The Games}}</ref> == Amateka y'imikino == # 1948 Imikino idasanzwe Stoke Mandeville Imikino yabamugaye # 1949 - 1951 Imikino idasanzwe ya Stoke Mandeville # 1952 - 1995 Imikino mpuzamahanga ya Stoke Mandeville 39 Inyandiko # 1997 - 2003 Imikino Yabamugaye Yisi 6 Inyandiko # 2005 - 2007 Imikino Yimuga Yabamugaye nImikino ya Amputee 3 Inyandiko # 2009 - 2022 IWAS Imikino Yisi 7 Inyandiko # 2023 - Imikino Yisi Yabishoboye Yimikino 1 Inyandiko Na none muri Edition ya 12 (2005 - 2016) kubana bato: IWAS Imikino Yabato Yisi [[Dosiye:Wheelchair Basketball Canada - SWNT player Tara Llanes.jpg|thumb|Umukinnyi ufite ubumuga]] == Imikino == # IMIKINO YUBUBASHA BW'ISI{{Cite web |title=World Abilitysport Games |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/world-abilitysport-games/}} # IMIKINO YUBUBASHA BW'ISI / Imikino ya Guttmann <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guttmann Games |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/world-abilitysport-guttmann-games/ |website=World Abilitysport}}</ref> # Imikino Yisi (IWAS na CPISRA) (Imikino imwe yabategarugori yahagaritswe) <ref>{{Cite web |title=World Games Archive |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/world-abilitysport-games/world-games-archive/ |website=World Abilitysport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=IWAS World Games |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/world-abilitysport-games/world-games-archive/iwas-world-games/ |website=World Abilitysport}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=CPISRA World Games |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/world-abilitysport-games/world-games-archive/cpisra-world-games/ |website=World Abilitysport}}</ref> # Imikino y'urubyiruko ku isi <ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth Games archive |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/world-abilitysport-youth-games/youth-games-archive/ |website=World Abilitysport}}</ref> === 2023 === Muri 2023 yahujwe na CPISRA kugirango habeho imikino yubushobozi bw'isi . CPISRA yishimiye cyane gutangira gukorana na IWAS munsi yumuryango mushya watangiye mu ntangiriro za 2023. Andi makuru azakurikira mumezi ari imbere. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Lloyd |first=Owen |date=15 April 2023 |title=World Abilitysport formed after IWAS and CPISRA merger |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1135951/world-abilitysport-iwas-cpisra |website=Inside The Games}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=13 Apr 2023 |title=Expression of Interest for AU team: World Ability Sport Games 01-09 Dec 2023 |url=https://www.racerunning.org.au/news/eoi-for-au-team-world-ability-sport-games-2023/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230728065213/https://www.racerunning.org.au/news/eoi-for-au-team-world-ability-sport-games-2023/ |archive-date=Jul 28, 2023 |website=RaceRunning Australia}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-12-12 |title=CPISRA members vote to officially merge with IWAS at Extraordinary General Assembly |url=https://worldabilitysport.org/news/cpisra-members-vote-to-officially-merge-with-iwas-at-extraordinary-general-assembly/ |website=World Abilitysport |language=en-GB}}</ref> # 2023 Imikino Yubushobozi Bwisi  Tayilande 1 - 9 Ukuboza 2023 i Nakhon Ratchasima, Tayilande. Imikino ya mbere y'ubushobozi bwisi yose (56 / 60 Byose) Abakinnyi bafite imyaka 16-23, 24-40 na 40+ Gahunda y'imikino y'agateganyo ikubiyemo: == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.paralympic.org/news/fie-iwas-extend-agreement https://www.paralympic.org/amakuru/fie-iwas-kwagura-ubwumvikane] * [http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/iwas-news1/results-summary-iwas-wheelchair-fencing-world-cup1/ http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710102757/http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/iwas-wheelchair-fencing/history1/ http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/iwas-intebe y'intebe-intebe /] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710102646/http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/iwas-wheelchair-fencing/competitions1/ http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/iwas-intebe y'intebe-intebe / amarushanwa1 /] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190710102757/http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/iwas-wheelchair-fencing/history1/ http://www.iwasf.com/iwasf/index.cfm/sports/iwas-intebe y'intebe-intebe / amateka1 /] * Official website {{International Sports Federations}} [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] nfnlaslfjv1m4xhvh8ypkvjlqjk2y0w 0 17797 140271 133452 2026-09-25T12:05:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140271 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Pickleball''' ni umukino wa racketi cyangwa padile aho abakinnyi babiri (abaseribateri) cyangwa abakinnyi bane (inshuro ebyiri) bakubise umupira wa pulasitike usobekeranye, wuzuye umwuka hamwe na padi m 0.86 z'inshundura kugeza uruhande rumwe rudashoboye gusubiza umupira cyangwa gukora amakosa. Pickleball ikinirwa mu nzu no hanze. Yavumbuwe muri 1965 nk'u mukino w'inyuma w'abana muri Amerika, ku kirwa cya Bainbridge muri leta ya Washington. Muri 2022, pickleball yiswe siporo ya leta ya Washington muri amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=March 29, 2022 |title=Pickleball is now the official state sport of the U.S. state of Washington |url=https://www.kxly.com/pickleball-is-now-the-official-state-sport-of-washington/ |access-date=September 18, 2022 |website=KXLY |language=en-US |archive-date=December 2, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221202022352/https://www.kxly.com/pickleball-is-now-the-official-state-sport-of-washington/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == amagambo == Nk’uko byatangajwe na Joan Pritchard, umugore wa Joel Pritchard, ati: " Izina ry'umukino ryabaye Pickle Ball nyuma yo kuvuga ko bibyibukije ubwato bwa pickle mu bakozi aho hatoraguwe abasare mu yandi mato. " Andi makuru avuga ko izina "pickleball " ryakomotse ku izina ry’imbwa yo mu muryango wa Pritchards, . <ref name="hoffman">{{Cite web |title=The History of Pickleball |url=http://www.hoffmanestatespickleball.com/the-history-of-pickleball.html |access-date=March 1, 2014 |publisher=Hoffmann Estates Pickleball}}</ref> Pritchards yavuze ko imbwa yaje nyuma yuko umukino umaze kwitwa, kandi imbwa ni yo yitiriwe umukino wa pickleball. Bavuze ko urujijo rwadutse ubwo umunyamakuru yabazaga Pritchards mu ntangiriro ya 70 yemeje ko bizoroha abasomyi guhuza imbwa aho kuba ubwato bworoshye. Abahagarariye Amerika Pickleball bavuga ko ubushakashatsi bwabo bwemeje ko imbwa Pickles yavutse nyuma yuko umukino wari umaze kwitwa. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2013 |title=History of the Game |url=https://www.usapa.org/history-of-the-game/ |access-date=July 3, 2019 |publisher=Official USAPA Website |archive-date=November 17, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181117224408/https://www.usapa.org/history-of-the-game/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Aerial_Pickleball_Courts.jpg|thumb| Ikirere kireba ibibuga bitandatu bya pickleball mu midugudu, muri Floride muri 2016, inyuma y'inkiko ebyiri za tenisi]] === Ivumburwa === Igihe Pritchard na Bell bagarukaga muri golufi ku wa gatandatu nyuma ya saa sita muri 1965, basanze imiryango yabo irambiwe. Bagerageje gushyiraho badaminton, ariko nta muntu numwe washoboraga kubona shutlecock. Pritchard na Bell bahamagariye abana babo gutegura umukino wabo. Abakuze n'abana barangije mu rukiko rwa badiminton batangira kugerageza imipira itandukanye hamwe na racket, harimo na tennis ya sitade. Urushundura rwa badminton 1.5 metero amaherezo rwa manuwe kugeza kurwego rwo mu kibuno kugirango rwemere gutwara umupira. <ref>Lucore, p. 9.</ref> [[Dosiye:Milwaukee November 2022 34 (Plankinton Arcade pickleball court).jpg|thumb|Pickleball]] === Amarushanwa === Amarushanwa yo muri 1976 yabereye muri Southcenter Athletic Club i Tukwila, Washington, ashimirwa ko ariryo rushanwa rya mbere rya pickleball. Yiswe " Shampiyona ya mbere ya Pickleball ku Isi na Joel Pritchard kandi yakiriwe mu kinyamakuru ''Tennis'' cyo muri Nyakanga 1976. <ref>Lucore, p. 120.</ref> Ishyirahamwe ry’Abanyamerika Amateur Pickleball ( USAPA ) ryashinzwe muri 1984, ni bwo basohoye igitabo cya mbere cyemewe cy’imikino kandi bakora amarushanwa ya mbere y’igihugu cya kabiri yabereye i Tacoma, i Washington. Kugeza 1990, siporo yakinwaga muri leta zose uko ari 50. <ref>{{Cite web |date=June 27, 2013 |title=History of the Game |url=https://usapickleball.org/what-is-pickleball/history-of-the-game/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628221935/https://usapickleball.org/what-is-pickleball/history-of-the-game/ |archive-date=June 28, 2022 |access-date=August 7, 2022 |website=USA Pickleball}}</ref> Muri 2001, pickle ball yashyizwe muri siporo yo kwerekana mu mikino Olempike nkuru ya Arizona yitabiriye 100. Irushanwa rya pickle ball ryabereye muri Happy Trails RV Resort i Surprise, Arizona, kandi mu myaka itanu harimo 275 bitabiriye. Kwinjiza pickleball muri aso byagaragaye nku musanzu wagize uruhare mukuzamura amarushanwa muri Amerika. <ref>Lucore, p. 129.</ref> == Urusaku == [[Dosiye:International Federation of Pickleball Logo.png|thumb|Ishyirahamwe rya Pickleball]] Iyo umupira wa pickle ball ukubise umupira ukomeye, utanga amajwi atyaye. Ijwi rihoraho mu gihe cyo gukina ryateje amakimbirane hagati ya nyiri ikibuga cya pickle ball hamwe n'abafite imitungo iri hafi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Willis |first=Lance |date=April 25, 2018 |title=Why Are Your Pickleball Courts Receiving Complaints from Neighbors? |url=https://www.acousticalnoise.com/noise-control/why-are-your-pickleball-courts-receiving-complaints-from-neighbors/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123063554/https://www.acousticalnoise.com/noise-control/why-are-your-pickleball-courts-receiving-complaints-from-neighbors/ |archive-date=January 23, 2022 |access-date=March 23, 2022 |website=S & W Acoustics and Noise Control}}</ref> Urusaku, hamwe n’izamuka ryihuse ry'amamare rya pickle ball, ryateje ikibazo gikomeye muri siporo mu baturage bo muri Amerika. == Reba == {{Reflist}} === Bibliografiya ===   == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] a50uo5cn0awtteiwj6xl8ktjzhenyhp 0 18052 140236 138106 2026-09-25T12:00:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Imbere y'umuryango.jpg|thumb|Ikigonyi|422x422px]] '''Ikigonyi''' ni imwe munzu z'akinyarwanda,ikaba ari inyubako yaranganga umuco w'akinyarwanda, ikaba i,we nzu zabaga bubatse mu rugo rwohambere, aho yabaga. Inzu ya Kinyarwanda y'ubakishwaga ibikoresho bitandukanye nk' imiganda igizwe n’umusave, umubirizi n’umuvumu. Harimo imbariro zigizwe n’imisekere, imbingo, imbabaza, imisororo, iminaba, imitiritiri, imicundura, imikindo, ndetse hamwe n' imishurushuru.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pra6OqTa4MM</ref> == Inzu == [[Dosiye:Inzu y'Umwami.jpg|thumb|Inzu |360x360px]] [[Dosiye:Murukari.jpg|thumb]] Inzu y'ikigonyi yakundaga kuba isakajwe n'igisenge cyangwa se ugitunga. Bigaragara ko cyera, iyo abantu bamwe babaga basiza ikibanza, abandi babaga batangiye gutunga cyangwa kuboha igisenge cy’iyo nzu. Iyo igisenge cy'amaraga kuzura bakirambikaga hagati mu mugero, bakakizamura ku nkingi, bakakigeza ku nzu bifuza. Mu mugero bakahashinga imiganda, bakayigonda ikinjira muri cya gisenge, bakayikomerezaho baboha kugeza ku butaka.<ref>https://igihe.com/umuco/article/ubwubatsi-bwa-kinyarwanda-ibyerekana-ubumenyi-buhambaye-bw-abakurambere</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuco]] sy6p5g725xhajktsx587qn5y1uxh3cl 0 18957 140315 139875 2026-09-26T07:02:41Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140315 wikitext text/x-wiki Igishushanyo mbonera cy’Umujyi wa Kigali, kigamije guhindura kigali umugi urambye mucyerekezo 2050. Muri kigali hagaragaye igabanuka ry’ibice by’ibishanga biva kuri 14% muri 2013 bikagera kuri 10,6% kugeza ubu, bigaterwa ahanini n’ibikorwa by’abantu. Kugeza ubu, muri Kigali hari ibishanga 37 bifite hegitari 9.160, bifite agaciro ka miliyoni zirenga 74 z’amadolari y' Amerika. Uku kugabanuka gushimangira imbogamizi zigarara mu guhuza iterambere ry’imijyi no kubungabunga ibidukikije<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ibyo-wamenya-ku-bishanga-byo-mu-mujyi-wa-kigali-bigiye-gutangira-gusanwa</ref>. [[Dosiye:Ibisga k.jpg|thumb|246x246px]] Kuva mu 2017, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyize ingufu mu kurinda urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima. Guverinoma yimuye Imiryango yari itute mubishanga, kandi bahagarika ibikorwa byangiza ibishanga, guverinoma yakuye ibkorwa bigera ku 7,222 byangizaga ibishanga kandi bimuye imiryango irenga 3,600. Nubwo hari ingamba zafashwe, gusa inzira iracyakomeje. Ibikorwa nk'ibi byo kubungabunga ibishanga ni ingenzi, ntabwo ari urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima gusa ahubwo bifasha no mukugabanya ingaruka z' imyuzure no guharanira ko urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima biramba mu gihe kirekire<ref name=":0" />. [[Dosiye:Ibisha.jpg|left|thumb|236x236px]] Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Albertine Rift Conservation Society (ARCOS) bugaragaza inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu zo kubungabunga ibishanga bya Kigali<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://arcosnetwork.org/uploads/2022/01/Policy_Brief_Economic_Value_Kigali-City_Wetland_Complex.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-07-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240722090836/https://arcosnetwork.org/uploads/2022/01/Policy_Brief_Economic_Value_Kigali-City_Wetland_Complex.pdf |archive-date=2024-07-22 |url-status=dead}}</ref>. Mu kubungabunga no kuzamura utwo duce twibishanga, u Rwanda rushobora kwinjiza amadolari arenga miliyari 1.9 mu 2025. Uyu mushinga urimo amafaranga yinjiza buri mwaka arenga miliyoni 155 z'amadolari y’Amerika. Mu gihugu hose, u Rwanda rufite ibishanga bigera ku 915, bingana na 10,6% by'ubutaka bwose, 38 muri byo bikaba byumye. Uyu muyoboro mugari w’ibishanga ushimangira ko hakenewe ingamba zihamye zo kubungabunga ibidukikije kugira ngo ubuzima bw’ibidukikije butere imbere ndetse n’ubukungu butere imbere. == <u>Urutonde rw intanganturo</u> == {{Reflist}} 288k3hmr8klhbugz0r27vi4uvclx5h2 0 19515 140250 119636 2026-09-25T12:02:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140250 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intambara ya mbere ya Kongo''', {{Efn|{{lang-fr|Première guerre du Congo}}|group=lower-alpha}} nanone yaje kwitwa '''Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi ya Afurika''', {{sfnp|Prunier|2009|p=72}} yari intambara y'abenegihugu n'intambara mpuzamahanga ya gisirikare yabaye kuva ku ya 24 Ukwakira 1996 kugeza ku ya 16 Gicurasi 1997 ikaba yarabereye mu gice kinini cya Zayire Zayire ( yaje kwitwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]), igasakara no mu bice bimwe bya [[Sudani]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Amakimbirane yaje gusozwa n’igitero cy’amahanga cyasimbuje perezida wa Zayire Mobutu Sese Seko n’umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Guverinoma ya Kabila itarajegajegaga yaje kugirana amakimbirane n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, bituma havuka indi ntambara ya kabiri mu 1998–2003, yaje nayo kwitwa intambara ya kabiri y’Afurika Ibice by'iburasirazuba bw'igihugu byari byarahungabanye kubera ibibazo bifitanye isano na[[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] byakomeje gucengera no ku mipaka y’igihugu cya Kongo, ndetse n'amakimbirane yo mu karere ndetse n'inzika bimaze igihe kirekire bitarakemuka kuva ikibazo cya Congo kibaye. Mu turere twinshi, ubuyobozi bwa leta bwari bugifite imbaraga ariko izina ryabwo ryarasenyutse, aho imitwe yitwara gisirikare, abarwanyi, n'imitwe y'inyeshyamba (bamwe bifatanyaga na leta, abandi bakanga ku mugaragaro imikoranire nayo) bakoresheje imbaraga zifatika. {{sfnp|Abbott|2014|pp=33–35}} {{sfnp|Prunier|2009|pp=77, 83}} Abaturage ba Zayire bari baracitse intege kandi bararakariye ubutegetsi budahamye na ruswa; ingabo za Zayire zari mu bihe bitoroshye. {{sfnp|Abbott|2014|pp=23–24, 33}} {{sfnp|Prunier|2009|p=128}} Amaherezo ibintu byarushijeho kuba bibi, ubwo [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rwateraga Zayire mu 1996 kugira ngo bahashye imitwe myinshi y'inyeshyamba yari yarahungiye muri icyo gihugu. Ibitero byarushijeho gukara, kubera ko ibihugu byinshi (birimo Uganda, [[Uburundi|u Burundi]], [[Angola]], na [[Eritereya]] ) nabyo byaje kwivangamo, ari nako hanashyirwagaho ihuriro ry’inyeshyamba z’abanyekongo zirwanya Mobutu. {{sfnp|Abbott|2014|pp=33–35}} <references group="lower-alpha" /> 9h1ixzpnp4zf78neb3uhyvphf5po6hb 0 20131 140243 122790 2026-09-25T12:01:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140243 wikitext text/x-wiki UKO TWAKORESHA IMBUGA NKORANYA MBAGA NEZA. * Mumwaka wa 2020 niho hagaragaye abantu bakoresha imbuga nkoranya mbaga bagoreka amateka y'u Rwanda .Bamwe muribo bavugako itabaye, Abandi bagakoresha imbugankoranya mbaga ,bashinyagurira abandi .Ariko sikobimeze m'urwanda habaye jenoside ya korewe abatutsi mugihumbi 1994 .Aho abanya rwanda bisubiranyemo bicamo amoko. Nyama ra ubwo abanya rwanda baribatagiye kwicana m'u rwanda hari ingabo za UN ni ngabo zu Bufaransa jenoside ikaba barebera aho bamwe muribo batangiye kwisubirira mubihugu byabo. shi98ttcq1io63ob74i543d2z66p5ie 0 20186 140244 136208 2026-09-25T12:01:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140244 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kibuye''' Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yabaye muri Mata 1994 i Kibuye, umujyi muto uherereye mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda ku nkombe z'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]], mu gihe cya [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorerwe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda]]. Urwibutso rwubatswe ahahoze urusengero rya kera, iruhande rwa stade ishaje ya Gatwaro ahabereye iyicwa rubozo ry'abatutsi, buzengurutswe kandi bufungwa n’inzego z’ibanze. Ku kibanza cyahoze ari stade, ubu hubatswe ishuri, rihuza urwibutso. == Aho urwibutso rwa Kibuye ruherereye == {| class="wikitable gauche" |{{Carte/MemorialsRwanda}} |} Urwibutso rwa Kibuye rwubatswe mu buryo bwo gusigasira amateka yabazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda aho umubare mwinshi w' [[abatutsi]] wiciwe. Ikibanza cyubatswe aho paruwasi ya yitiriwe mutagatifu Piyere ya Kibuye yahoze kandi hafi y’ahahoze sitade ya Gatwaro, ubu isimburwa n’ishuri ribanza <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kibuye, Rwanda - 2008 août - Stade Gatwaro ce mémorial, pour les 10,000 massacrés au stade Kibuye, se trouve sur le côté du terrain du stade. Insid Photo Stock - Alamy |url=https://www.alamyimages.fr/kibuye-rwanda-2008-aout-stade-gatwaro-ce-memorial-pour-les-10000-massacres-au-stade-kibuye-se-trouve-sur-le-cote-du-terrain-du-stade-insid-image437153747.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.alamyimages.fr |language=}}</ref> . Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zigihugu cy'u Rwanda zibukirwaho [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] mu Rwanda. Izindi ni nk'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|urwibutso]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|rwa Jenoside]] rwa Murambi, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]], [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'Urwibutso rwa jenoside [[Mémorial de Nyarubuye|rwa Nyarubuye]] <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> . Hari inzibutso nyinshi za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda zagiye zikusanyirizwamo imibiri y'abatutsi bazize Jenoside mu Rwanda baguye mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibuye Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/Kibuye-genocide-memorial-site/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amateka ya Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi == [[Dosiye:Environs_de_Kibuye.png|left|thumb|260x260px| Ibidukikije bya Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umubare munini w'abategetsi b'u Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside waturutse mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Mu gihe [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] rwatangiraga ruhagarariwe ni ishyaka rya [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] inkotanyi,ryinjiriye mu Rwanda riturutse mu majyaruguru,imijyi nka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] na Kibuye, habaye disikuru za Jenoside zatanzwe n'abayobozi ba leta. Dukurikije imibare y'ibarura rusange ry’igihugu ryo mu 1991, Abatutsi bo muri perefegitura ya Kibuye bagera ku {{formatnum:71225}}, ni ukuvuga 15% by'abaturage. [[León Mugesera|Léon Mugesera]], umunyamuryango wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]], yatangaje ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1992 i Gisenyi <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title={{25e}} Commémoration du Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis |url=http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |website=kwibuka.rw |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20230430065746/http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Kuva ku ya 20 kugeza ku ya 22 Gashyantare 1993, Kibuye yakorewe mo Jenoside mu buryo bukabije Abatutsi bicwa n’abasirikare ba MRND na CDR <ref name=":1"/> kandi ubwo iyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda, bwakorewe no muri perefegitura ya Byumba, Gisenyi, Kibuye na Ruhengeri. Ku ya 4 Kanama 1993, hasinywe amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Ku ya 17 Mata 1994, igitero cyagabwe kuri [[Stade de Gatwaro|stade Gatwaro]], ikigo cya paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Michel ya Kibuye ndetse n’ishuri ry’ubuhinzi rya Nyamishaba. Perefe Kayishema Clément yatanze ikimenyetso cyo kuzatsemba Abatutsi,yica Abatutsi ba mbere uhereye kuri Ezéchiel Munyakaragwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=République du Rwanda |title=Le 18 avril 1994 : la mise en œuvre du génocide contre les Tutsi à travers tout le pays |url=https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2022-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217185646/https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . [[Dosiye:Une_des_fosses_communes_de_Kibuye.png|thumb|375x375px| Imwe mu mva rusange i Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umuganga w’[[Ubudage]] wari i Kibuye mu gihe cya Jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda avuga ko kuri stade Gatwaro no kuri paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli i Kibuye hariyo umubare munini w' impunzi z’abatutsi zaturukaga mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu cy'u Rwanda. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Colonel Patrick Sartre, ushinzwe iperereza ku ngabo z’[[Ubufaransa]] zari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, abatutsi 12000 bishwe ku ya 16 na 17 Mata ku kibuga cya Sitade Gatwaro, ikigo cya paruwasi ya Kibuye, ndetse n’akarere kegeranye. Liyetona Koloneli Eric de Strabenrath yasobanuye ko yasanze imirambo 4300 yegeranye hejuru ya paruwasi kandi avuga ko muri sitade habonetse imibiri y'Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside iri hagati ya 7000 na 9000 . Muri 2020, abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi,bakomeje gushakisha imibiri y'ababo harimo imiryango,inshuti n'abaturanyi,kugira ngo bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside <ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2021-01-27 |title=Rwanda: dans l'abîme du génocide, l'extraordinaire survie à l'innommable d'Albertine |url=https://www.challenges.fr/monde/dans-l-abime-du-genocide-l-extraordinaire-survie-a-l-innommable-d-albertine_747940 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommage au courage Dossier : Docteur Blam Wolfgang |url=http://www.francegenocidetutsi.org/NzarambaWolfgangBlam.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org}}</ref> . Mu 2017, Claude Muhayimana, umukozi w’impunzi ya Rouen n’u Rwanda, yashinjwaga mu Bufaransa kuba yaragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda,bwabereye i Kibuye ndetse no kuba yarajyanye imitwe yitwara gisirikari ahabereye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsimu 1994 mu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Rouen, un Franco-Rwandais renvoyé aux assises pour "complicité" dans le génocide des Tutsi |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/rouen-franco-rwandais-renvoye-aux-assises-complicite-genocide-tutsi-1370043.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=France 3 Normandie |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * Kibuye === Ihuza ryo hanze === * Umunsi wo [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-Kibuye-liberation-day-photography Kwibohoza kwa Kibuye], urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside] {{Palette|Génocide au Rwanda}}{{Portail|Rwanda}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibuye, Mémorial du génocide}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] gea4vq1rt873jj7tgc7m78ugf54whp6 0 20281 140257 123401 2026-09-25T12:03:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140257 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sabratha''' mu Karere ka Zawiya muri [[Libiya]], yari mu burengerazuba cyane mu mijyi itatu ya kera ya Tripolis y'Abaroma, hamwe na Oea na [[Leptis Magna]]. Kuva mu 2001 kugeza 2007 wari umurwa mukuru w'icyahoze ari Akarere ka Sabratha wa Sorman. Iherereye ku nkombe ya Mediterane hafi {{Convert|70|km|mi|abbr=on}} iburengerazuba bwa Tripoli igezweho. Ikibanza cy’ubucukuzi bwa kera cyanditsweho nk'umurage ndangamurage wa UNESCO mu 1982. == Sabratha ya kera == Icyambu cya Sabratha cyashinzwe, hafi 500 BGC, Abanyafenisiya bacuruza-poste yaTsabratan. Icyambu cyabaye isoko yo muri Fenisiya ku bicuruzwa byo mu gihugu cy'Afurika.Abagereki babyise Sabrata <ref>{{Cite web |title=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854), SABRATA |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=sabrata-geo02 |access-date=2023-10-06 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> hamwe na Abrotonon. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Strabo, Geography, book 17, chapter 3, section 18 |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:greekLit:tlg0099.tlg001.perseus-grc1:17.3.18 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Pseudo Scylax, Periplous, §110 |url=https://topostext.org/work/102#110 |website=topostext.org}}</ref> Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Fenisiya, Sabratha yaguye mu rwego rwa Carthage. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archaeological Site of Carthage |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/37/ |access-date=2021-09-05 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> Nyuma y’Intambara ya Punic, Sabratha yabaye umwe mu bwami bwa Numidian bwabayeho igihe gito cya Massinissa mbere yuko yomekwa muri Repubulika y'Abaroma nk'intara ya Afurika Nova mu kinyejana cya mbere ya Yesu. Nyuma yaje gutunganwa no kongera kubakwa mu kinyejana cya 2 n'icya 3 CE. Umwami Septimius Severus<ref>https://books.google.rw/books?id=Obu1zSDuUYsC&pg=PA35&redir_esc=y</ref> yavukiye hafi ya [[Leptis Magna]], kandi Sabratha yageze ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane ku ngoma ya Severans, igihe yikubye hafi kabiri ubunini. Umujyi wangiritse cyane kubera umutingito mu kinyejana cya 4, cyane umutingito wa 365. Yayobowe n'ubwami bwa Vandal mu kinyejana cya 5, igice kinini cy'umujyi kiratereranwa. yishimiye ububyutse buto ku butegetsi bwa Byzantine, igihe hubakwaga amatorero menshi n'urukuta rwo kwirinda. Umujyi wari urimo umwepiskopi. Mu myaka ijana nyuma y’abayisilamu bateye Maghreb, ubucuruzi bwari bwarahindutse ku bindi byambu maze Sabratha agabanuka mu mudugudu.<ref>https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/37/</ref> Umujyi ubamo kaminuza ya Sabratha. Wefaq Sabratha ni club y'umupira w'amaguru, ikinira muri Stade ya Sabratha. 2y6ncgkgtzak9s2ou05f9flwe9bsd5v 0 20282 140251 137768 2026-09-25T12:02:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140251 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cyrene''', yiswe '''Kyrene''', yari ubukoloni bwa kera bw'Abagereki n'umujyi w'Abaroma hafi ya Shahhat y'ubu mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Libiya]] muri Afurika y'Amajyaruguru. Wari igice cya Pentapolis, itsinda ry'ingenzi ry'imijyi itanu yo mukarere, kandi ryahaye ako gace izina rya kera na kera rya Cyrenaica. Cyrene iryamye k'umusozi wa Jebel Akhdar. Ibisigazwa by'ubucukuzi bwa hegitari nyinshi kandi birimo insengero nyinshi zubatswe, stoas, theatre, ubwiherero, amatorero, hamwe n’amazu ya palasitike. Umujyi ukikijwe na Necropolis ya Cyrene. Kuva mu 1982, ni Umurage w’isi wa UNESCO. Icyambu cy'umujyi cyari Apolloniya (Marsa Sousa), giherereye nko mu {{Convert|10|mi|km|order=flip}} mu majyaruguru. Uyu mujyi witiriwe Apollo na etymom w'icyamamare, Cyrene n'Abagereki ubwabo ariko birashoboka ko byakoronijwe n'abimukira baturutse I Thera mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya karindwi mbere ya Yesu. Mu mizo ya mbere yategekwaga n'ingoma y'abami yitwa Battiads, bakize kandi bakomeye bitewe n'imivumba yagiye ikurikirana y'abinjira n'abasohoka no kohereza amafarashi na silifium, n'ibihingwa by’imiti. Mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu, bari bamaze kwagura indi mijyi ya Cyrenaica. Yabaye icyicaro cya cyrenaics, ishuri rya filozofiya mu kinyejana cya kane mbere ya Yesu, ryashinzwe na Aristippus, umwigishwa wa Sokalate. Mu gihe cy'Abagiriki, umujyi wasimburanaga hagati yo kuba mu [[Misiri]] ya Ptolémée n'umurwa mukuru w'ubwami bwigenga. Wari kandi ihuriro rikomeye [[Kiyahudi (Judaism)|ry'Abayahudi]]. Mu mwaka wa 96 mbere ya Yesu, yanyuze muri repubulika y'abaroma ihinduka igice cy'intara ya kirete na cyrenaica. Umujyi washenywe n’abarwanyi b'Abayahudi mu mwaka wa 115 nyuma ya Yesu mu gihe cyo kwigomeka kw'abadiaspola, kandi wubatswe buhoro mu kinyejana cyakurikiyeho. Umutingito wabaye mu 262 na 365 washenye umujyi, ariko gutura bimwe byakomeje mu gihe cya mbere cya Byzantine ndetse n’abayisilamu bigarurira Maghreb mu 642, nyuma y’aho hantu haratereranwa kugeza hashyizweho ikigo cya gisirikare cy’[[Ubutaliyani]] kuri icyo kibanza mu 1913. Ubucukuzi burakomeje kuva icyo gihe.<ref>https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of/</ref> == Amateka == Abantu babaye muri Cyrenaica kuva muri Palaeolithic. hariho ibimenyetso bimwe byo gutura mu buvumo buri munsi ya Acropolis ishobora kubanziriza gutura mu [[Ubugereki|Bugereki]]. Birashoboka koabanya Mino na Mycenaeans basuye Cyrene mu gihe cya Bronze, kubera ko iri mu nzira yoroshye yo mu nyanja iva muri Aegean yerekeza muri Egiputa, ariko ibimenyetso byonyine bya kera byerekana ko ibyo ari ibintu bitandukanye byavumbuwe ku gicaniro gito cya Minoan hamwe n'ikidodo cya Minoan, gishobora kuba cyarazanywe nyuma. === Urufatiro === Umugani w'Abagereki wanditswe bwa mbere na Pindar mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu uvuga ko imana Apollo yakunze umuhigi Cyrene ikamuzana muri Libiya, ari naho yabyariye umuhungu Aristaeus.Imigenzo y’amateka y’Abagereki, yavuzwe mu ''mateka'' ya Herodote no mu kinyejana cya kane mbere ya Yesu yabonetse I Cyrene, ivuga ko itsinda ry’Abagereki ba Cretan, birukanwe muri Sparta maze batura ku kirwa cya Thera, bashinze Cyrene mu mwaka wa 631 mbere ya Yesu, bayobowe na Battus wa mbere, babisabwe na Oracle ya Delphi. Imigenzo imwe n'imwe ivuga ko abimukira bavuye IThera kubera inzara, abandi kubera intambara y'abenegihugu. benshi bavuga ko abakoloni babanje gutura ku kirwa cya Aziris (iburasirazuba bwa Derna ) mbere yo kwimukira I Cyrene.Amateka y'izi nkuru ntashidikanywaho, cyane igitekerezo cy'uko Thera yari "umujyi wa nyina wa Cyrene" wenyine. Umubano n'indi mijyi, nka Sparta na Samos,uvugwa mu nkuru zifatizo, nturamenyekana. Ibimenyetso by'ubucukuzi bwakuwe muri icyo kibanza, cyane cyane ibisigazwa by’ubutaka, byemeza ko gutura mu Bugereki byatangiye hagati mu kinyejana cya karindwi mbere ya Yesu. Ububumbyi bwa mbere bukomoka kuri Thera, Sparta, na Samos, ariko na Rhodes. Agace ka mbere ko guturamo kari umusozi urambuye iburasirazuba kuva Acropolis kugera Agora, ariko umujyi wagutse vuba mu burasirazuba. Ubuturo bwera bwa Apollo mu majyaruguru ya Acropolis, I Demeter mu majyepfo, na Zewusi mu burasirazuba byose bisubira mu cya karindwi cyangwa icya gatandatu mbere ya Yesu. Ubucukuzi bw'ibyataburuwe mu matongo bwerekana ko ahandi hantu henshi muri Cyrenaica, nka Apolloniya, Euesperides, na Taucheira byatuwe icyarimwe na Cyrene. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} # https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/galleries/21-World-Heritage-Sites-you-have-probably-never-heard-of/ 1unz9dr7yw8jzj0etmuslcczbb2zjb8 0 20495 140295 124430 2026-09-25T12:56:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140295 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''White Squadron''''' (Igifaransa: '''''L'escadron blanc''''' ) ni filime yokwidagadura y’Abafaransa yakozwe mu 1949 ihagarariwe na René Chanas abakinnyi bari Jean Chevrier, René Lefèvre na Michèle Martin. ] ''​''Amashusho yateguwe numuyobozi wubuhanzi Jean-Roger Bertrand. Kurasa ahantu byabereye hafi ya Adrar mu [[Ubutayu bwa sahara|butayu bwa Sahara]] muri Alijeriya. Abagize amasosiyete yo muri Sahara yomuri Legio y’amahanga y’Abafaransa bagaragaye nabomuri filime. == Inyandiko == Itsinda ry’abasirikare bomu Bufaransa bakorubutumwa buteyubwoba mugice cyakure cya Alijeriya. aho kapiteni yiciwe, uwungirije kapiteni yahise ayobora neza ingabo zisigaye zisubira mu birindiro byazo. rhppkwf6qxkod3t5tveqfrum2cupd6g 0 20519 140289 124457 2026-09-25T12:55:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140289 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''S.O.S Sahara''''' ni filime yikinamico yakozwemu 1938 yomu Budage ihagarariwena Jacques de Baroncelli abakinnyibari Charles Vanel, Jean-Pierre Aumont na Marta Labarr. Filime yakozwe mu[[Igifaransa|rurimi rw'igifaransa]], yakozwe n’ishami ry’igifaransa ryasitidiyo yomu Budage UFA. amashusho yafatiwe muri [[Aligeriya|Alijeriya]]. Amashusho yarashingiye kunkinamico ''Abagabo badafite amateka'' ya [[Jean Martet]]. Inguzanyo ya Martet yakuwe muri filime mugihe Abanazi bigaruriye Ubufaransa. Nyumayaje kuzanikirego murukiko UFA kugirango yongere kwerekana uburenganzirabwe kuri filime. Yasubiwemo mu 1962 nka ''Sitasiyo ya gatandatu-Sahara''. * Charles Vanel as Loup * Jean-Pierre Aumont as Paul Moutier * Marta Labarr as Hélène Muriel * Raymond Cordy as Charles * Paul Azaïs as Bobby * [[Andrée Lindia]] as Dolly * [[Nilda Duplessy]] as L'amie * René Dary as Delini * Georges Malkine as Ivan * Georges Lannes as Jacquard * [[Bill Bocket]] as Le policier * [[Hugues Wanner]] as L'employé == Reba == <references /> 27y8vg4kcxuqd72wfzjhuvxbq8s70y3 0 20578 140245 124574 2026-09-25T12:01:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140245 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''GRunning the Sahara''''' ni filime mbara nkuru omuri 2007 ivugaku amateka ya Ray Zahab, Charlie Engle, na Kevin Lin bagerageza kunyura mu [[Ubutayu bwa sahara|butayu bwose bwa Sahara]]. Bakoze urugendo rwibirometero 6920, bageraku nyanja Itukura kuya 20 Gashyantare 2007. Abaproducer Marc Joubert, Keith Quinn, Larry Tanz hamwe numuyobozi James Moll bafatiye amashusho ahantu muri [[Afurika]] mubihugu bitandatu: [[Senegali]], [[Moritaniya|Mauritania]], [[Mali]], [[Nigeri|Niger]], [[Libiya]], Misiri. Prepare2go.com yashyigikiye abakozi bafilime hamwe nibikoresho byose. == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == * The Official Running the Sahara Website[usurped] * Running the Sahara at IMDb 7rbub4t9t5yrd0k91gyp2hb1345daho 0 20583 140277 130752 2026-09-25T12:06:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140277 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Achoura''''' n'ifilime iteye ubwoba yabanye Marroco bakoresha igifaransa yomuri 2018 <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Moroccan Horror Film “Achoura” Praised at Sitges Fantastic Film Festival |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=www.moroccoworldnews.com |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203065757/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=شكري |first=زينب |date=2022-10-08 |title=فيلم خيال علمي.. السلهامي يطرح "عاشوراء ليلة الأطفال" بقاعات السينما (فيديو) |url=https://al3omk.com/785613.html#:~:text=%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%20%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A,%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%20%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%8C%20%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=العمق المغربي |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Talal Selhami: "I really pushed the cursor to the end by forbidding myself any form of exoticism" |url=http://www.lesecransterribles.com/achoura-interview-talal-selhami/50159 |access-date=9 November 2020 |publisher=lesecransterribles}}</ref> yayobowe kandi yandikwa na [[Talal Selhami]]. Abakinnyi babanye Maroc Omar Lotfi na Younes Bouab bakinana na Sofia Manousha, Ivan Gonzalez, Mohamed Choubi, na Moussa Masskri. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name="Miska 2021">{{Cite web |last=Miska |first=Brad |date=12 November 2021 |title=Dark Star Acquires 'Achoura', a Creature Feature Described as 'It' Meets 'Babadook' |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3691751/dark-star-acquires-achoura-creature-feature-described-meets-babadook/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203070419/https://bloody-disgusting.com/home-video/3691751/dark-star-acquires-achoura-creature-feature-described-meets-babadook/ |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}</ref> ni firime ishingiye ku inshuti enye zo mu bwana zongera guhura mugihe umwe muribo, waburiwe irengero hashize imyaka 25 mugihe cyibiruhuko bya Ashura, yongeye kwinjira mubuzima bwabo, bituma bahura na djinn iteye ubwoba. <ref name="Hekking 2019">{{Cite web |last=Hekking |first=Morgan |date=15 October 2019 |title=Moroccan Horror Film "Achoura" Praised at Sitges Fantastic Film Festival |url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203065757/https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2019/10/284628/moroccan-horror-film-achoura |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Morocco World News]]}}</ref> Filime ifatwa nka film yambere ya fantasy ya Maroc. <ref>{{Cite web |last=شكري |first=زينب |date=2022-10-08 |title=فيلم خيال علمي.. السلهامي يطرح "عاشوراء ليلة الأطفال" بقاعات السينما (فيديو) |url=https://al3omk.com/785613.html#:~:text=%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B9%D8%AF%20%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%20%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85%20%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A,%D9%88%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%B1%20%D9%84%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%8C%20%D9%88%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AC%20%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=العمق المغربي |language=ar}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Dale |first=Martin |date=2019-12-08 |title=Arab and African Filmmakers Are Increasingly Focusing on Genre Films and Series |url=https://variety.com/2019/film/festivals/arab-african-filmmakers-genre-1203428775/ |access-date=2024-12-20 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref> ''Achoura'' niyo filime ya mbere y'inyamwanswa yafatiwe muri Maroke(morroco), <ref name="Hanley 2015">{{Cite web |last=Hanley |first=Ken W. |date=28 February 2015 |title=Exclusive First Photos: Moroccan Monster Movie "Achoura" |url=http://www.fangoria.com/new/exclusive-first-photos-moroccan-monster-movie-achoura |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502102433/http://www.fangoria.com/new/exclusive-first-photos-moroccan-monster-movie-achoura |archive-date=2 May 2015 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Fangoria]]}}</ref> Yerekanwe bwambere mu Kuboza 2018 mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime ry’i Paris. <ref name="Hekking 2019"/> <ref name="PIFFF 2018">{{Cite web |title=Achoura |url=http://www.pifff.fr/2018/film-206-achoura-en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203065213/http://www.pifff.fr/2018/film-206-achoura-en |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Paris International Fantastic Film Festival]]}}</ref> Filime yabonye intsinzi mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tangier aho yatsindiye igihembo cya filime yakozwe neza, nomwi iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Marrakech. Iyifilime kandi yatsindiye igihembo kinini mu iserukiramuco rya Hard Line mu Budage mu Kwakira <ref name=":0"/> == Abakinnyi == * [[Younes Bouab]] * Sofiia Manousha * Iván González * Moussa Maaskri * Omar Lofti == Ukoyakozwe == Gufata amashusho byakorewe muri Maroc, hafi ya Casablanca, muei <ref name="Hekking 2019"/> 2015 . <ref name="Hanley 2015"/> == Yasohotse == ''Achoura'' yerekanwe bwambere muKuboza 2018 mwi iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Paris. [ <ref name="Hekking 2019"/> <ref name="PIFFF 2018"/> <ref name="Hekking 2019" />​ <ref name="Bromley 2019">{{Cite web |last=Bromley |first=Patrick |date=17 June 2019 |title=[Cinepocalypse Review] 'Achoura' is a Bleak, Somber Meditation On the Death of Innocence |url=https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3567655/cinepocalypse-review-achoura-bleak-somber-meditation-death-innocence/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203064910/https://bloody-disgusting.com/reviews/3567655/cinepocalypse-review-achoura-bleak-somber-meditation-death-innocence/ |archive-date=3 December 2021 |access-date=2 December 2021 |website=[[Bloody Disgusting]]}}</ref>​ <ref name="Hekking 2019" /> Muri 2021, Dark Star Pictures yabonye uburenganzira bwo gukwirakwiza ''Achoura''; iyifilime igiye gusohoka kuri DVD no kumbuga za interineti muri Amerika ku ya 14 Ukuboza <ref name="Miska 2021"/> == Kwakira == Mwisubiramo ryiza cyane ryerekanwe kurifirime ''yamaraso yuzuye amaraso'', Patrick Bromley yavuze ko isano irihagati ya ''Achoura'' - yafotowe muri 2015 - nafirime ''It It'' 2017 hamwe nizikurikira 2019 . <ref name="Bromley 2019"/>''​​''​ <ref name="Bromley 2019" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Achoura at IMDb 0pisqgd616u2w7m7xvnc1fqimdwcrhy 0 20637 140246 138051 2026-09-25T12:01:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140246 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Awakening''''' ni yakinywe kandi insohorerwa muri Nigeriya yijimye ya 2013 yayobowe na James Omokwe na Ethan Okwara ikinwamo OC Ukeje, Kehinde Bankole, Femi Brainard na Bryan Okwara. Yatowe mu cyiciro cya AMAA Awakening kuba yaragaragaye muraya matora ya AMMAA byagize Ingaruka Ziboneka mu bihembo bya 9 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards. Iyi filime niyo filime <ref>{{Cite web |date=August 10, 2013 |title=Awakening Review |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/08/awakening.html |access-date=6 February 2014 |publisher=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> kuri Nollywood Yongeye kugaruka mugihe cyo gusohoka, n'amanota 81%. <ref name="NR 2">{{Cite web |date=19 January 2014 |title=Letter from NR: "Switching Things Up As NR Turns 3" |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2014/01/letter-from-nr-switching-things-up-as-nr-turns-3.html |access-date=22 June 2014 |publisher=Nollywood Reinvented}}</ref> <ref name="NR">{{Cite web |date=10 August 2013 |title=Awakening Nollywood Reinvented |url=http://www.nollywoodreinvented.com/2013/08/awakening.html |access-date=28 February 2014 |publisher=[[Nollywood Reinvented]]}}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * OC Ukeje nka Nicholas * Kehinde Bankole nka Zainab * Bryan Okwara * Femi Brainard nka Yosefu * Deleke Aroleye nkumukozi Gbade * Tope Tedela * Stan Nze nkumuyobozi wa Club == Uburyo yakiriwe == Filime yakiriwe neza cyane kandi yashimiwe cyane kubikorwa byayo byiza kandi byemewe. Nollywood Reinvented yayihaye amanota 81%, akaba ari yo filime yagize manota menshi ku rubuga icyo gihe <ref name="NR 2"/> maze avuga ati: "Inkuru iri muri iyi filime irashimishije kandi iratangaje gusa, kandi ntabwo ari inkuru y’ibanze ubwayo ahubwo ni uduce duto twose tugize byose. Umwanditsi w'ibitabo akora umurimo utangaje wo guhuza ibintu byose ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe kivuga ko nanditse ku buryo butagaragara. firime isaba ko uyitaho kandi iyo uhumye amaso hashobora kubura ikintu gikomeye ". Yashimye kandi ubuhanga bwo gukina Kehinde Bankole, agira ati: "Kureba Kehinde Bankole kuri ecran nta kintu na kimwe kijyanye n'uburambe .... agutegeka ibitekerezo byawe hose." <ref name="NR"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=10 March 2013 |title=[Movie Review] THE AWAKENING |url=http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2013/03/10/the-awakening/ |access-date=28 February 2014 |archive-date=28 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140228131000/http://www.sodasandpopcorn.com/2013/03/10/the-awakening/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashimwe == ''Awakening'' yahawe igihembo mu bihembo bya 9 bya Afurika Movie Academy Awards kubera icyiciro ''yagezweho mu mashusho agaragara'' (hamwe ''n’indege iheruka yerekeza Abuja'' na ''Twin Sword'' ). Yatowe kandi muri ''Filime yumwaka'' muri Afurika Magic Viewers Choice Awards 2014. == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa firime zo muri Nigeriya za 2013 == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} krai6idck64c77xg0yiqq76yzla9roe 0 20645 140252 124664 2026-09-25T12:02:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140252 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''''Looking for Baami''''' nifilime yinkinamico yakorewe muri Nigeriya 2019 yanditswe kandi yayobowe na Biodun Stephen. Murii yifilime hagaragaramo Femi Jacobs, Bimbo Ademoye, Akinde Seyi mu bakinnyi bambere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Biodun Stephen’s ‘Looking for Baami’ Makes History |url=https://irokotv.com/videos/10579/looking-for-baami#:~:text=Login-,Looking%20For%20Baami,of%20ever%20fathering%20a%20child./ |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=Irokotv |language=en-US}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019 |title=Looking for Baami |url=https://www.enollytv.com/preview/Looking%20For%20Baami/5d558a8db0e8a90004da79e2/ |access-date=2020-11-26 |website=Enollytv |language=en-US}}</ref> == Umugambi == == Abakinnyi == * Femi Jacobs nka Femi Osinowo * Bimbo Ademoye nka Ajinde Ife (AJ) * Biodun Sitefano nka Abebi * Tayo Odueke nk'umuyobozi 2 * Temitayo Awodoyin nkumusore Femi * Karen Ajimobi nka Chikodi * Babatola Awelewa nkumusore Abebi * Seyi Akinde nkumushoferi * Bolaji Ogunmola nka Sharon * Deola Ayoade nka Khadija * Sarah Ebegbe nkuwakira * Constance Owoyomi nka Chiamaka == Reba == {{Reflist}} hlvn30bntqk2pwvgoma9hupce2qelfj 0 20760 140237 124841 2026-09-25T12:00:56Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140237 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ishyirahamwe ry’Abafite Ubumuga bo mu gihugu cya Irilande (IWA)''' n’ishyirahamwe ryita kubantu bafite ubumuga bw’umubiri. Ryashinzwe <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 February 2010 |title=Irish Wheelchair Association celebrates fiftieth anniversary |url=https://www.advertiser.ie/galway/article/22084/irish-wheelchair-association-celebrates-fiftieth-anniversary |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=Galway Advertiser}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=3 February 2010 |title=50th birthday party for Wheelchair Association |url=https://www.independent.ie/regionals/sligo/news/50th-birthday-party-for-wheelchair-association/27569074.html |access-date=1 May 2025 |website=Sligo Champion}}</ref> <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Annual Report 2016 |url=https://www.iwa.ie/app/uploads/2020/10/IWA-Annual-Report-and-Accounts-2016.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=Irish Wheelchair Association |pages=8,30}}</ref> Intego za IWA nuguharanira uburenganzira bw’abafite ubumuga bw’umubiri binyuze muri politiki rusange, gutanga serivisi zitandukanye, no gutera inkunga abanyamuryango bayo. Umuyobozi wambere w’ishyirahamwe ry’abafitubumuga bomugihugu cya Irilande yari Fr. Leo Close CM, umukinnyi wamugaye numukoresha [[Wheelchair|wabafitubumuga]]. IWA yatanze serivisi no kwegera abantu 2.064 ahantu 57. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Annual Report 2016 |url=https://www.iwa.ie/app/uploads/2020/10/IWA-Annual-Report-and-Accounts-2016.pdf |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2018-09-18 |website=Irish Wheelchair Association |pages=8,30}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://www.iwa.ie/app/uploads/2020/10/IWA-Annual-Report-and-Accounts-2016.pdf "Annual Report 2016"] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. ''Irish Wheelchair Association''. pp.&nbsp;8, 30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></ref> <ref>{{Cite news |last=Murray |first=Allie |date=2017-11-08 |title=Irish Wheelchair Association's support is invaluable to our nine-year-old son |url=https://www.eveningecho.ie/life/Irish-Wheelchair-Associations-support-is-invaluable-to-our-nine-year-old-son-cef1f097-629c-4656-a5f7-973e428d2223-ds |access-date=2018-09-18 |work=Evening Echo}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} in67nqiz8nwp5vkik765aagie197loa 0 20930 140278 125621 2026-09-25T12:06:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140278 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Tunstall Healthcare''' ni isosiyete yikoranabuhanga yashinzwe mu 1957 izobereye muri serivisi zita ku buzima n’ubuvuzi. Icyicaro cyayo kiri i Doncaster. Ifite abakozi bagera ku 3.000 mu bihugu 19, na 5&nbsp;miriyoni ihuje abakoresha kw'isi yose. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About us |url=https://www.tunstall.com/about-us/ |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=www.tunstall.com}}</ref> Ifatwa nkumukinnyi wingenzi ku isoko rya serivisi z'ubuvuzi hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga telehealth. <ref>{{Cite news |date=24 August 2019 |title=New Profitable Research Report on Telehealth Program Market with Profiling Global Key Players Philips Healthcare, Medtronic plc, Cerner Corporation, Cisco Systems |url=https://www.marketexpert24.com/2019/08/24/new-profitable-research-report-on-telehealth-program-market-with-profiling-global-key-players-philips-healthcare-medtronic-plc-cerner-corporation-cisco-systems/ |access-date=25 August 2019 |publisher=Market Expert 24 |archive-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825214201/https://www.marketexpert24.com/2019/08/24/new-profitable-research-report-on-telehealth-program-market-with-profiling-global-key-players-philips-healthcare-medtronic-plc-cerner-corporation-cisco-systems/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuyobozi mukuru ni Emil Peters. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Leadership Team |url=https://www.tunstall.com/about-us/leadership-team/ |access-date=23 March 2022 |website=www.tunstall.com}}</ref> Yabonye ikigo cy’ubuvuzi cy’Abanyamerika muri Ukuboza 2011. Yagurishije Tunstall Amerika kugirango ihuze Amerika.com muri Mutarama 2019 murwego rwo kwerekeza kubikorwa byubucuruzi bikoreshwa na tekinoroji. <ref>{{Cite news |date=30 January 2019 |title=Tunstall drives forward connected care and health strategy |url=https://healthcarebusiness.co.uk/tunstall-drives-forwarad-connected-care-and-health-strategy/ |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825214204/https://healthcarebusiness.co.uk/tunstall-drives-forwarad-connected-care-and-health-strategy/ |archive-date=25 August 2019 |access-date=25 August 2019 |publisher=Healthcare Business}}</ref> Irimo ikorana na Telefónica gutanga sisitemu na serivise zo gucunga abarwayi kure kugira ngo zongere ubushobozi bwayo mu kwita ku gukumira abantu bafite ibibazo bidakira. <ref>{{Cite news |date=23 July 2019 |title=Telefónica eyes new business models with digital health partnership |url=https://www.mobileeurope.co.uk/press-wire/telefonica-eyes-new-business-models-with-digital-health-partnership |access-date=25 August 2019 |publisher=Mobile Europe}}</ref> Yasohoye raporo hamwe n’abagiraneza hft yatangijwe cyangwa yasohotse mu Ngoro nshingamategeko(House Of Lords) mu mwaka wa 2019 igaragaza ubushobozi budakoreshwa bw’ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu mibereho myiza yakiriwe n’itsinda ry'abakoranabushake bafite ubumuga. <ref>{{Cite news |date=15 July 2019 |title=New report highlights untapped potential of assistive technology |url=https://www.carehomeprofessional.com/new-report-highlights-untapped-potential-of-assistive-technology/ |access-date=25 August 2019 |publisher=Care Home Professional |archive-date=25 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190825215748/https://www.carehomeprofessional.com/new-report-highlights-untapped-potential-of-assistive-technology/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2021 yaguze Secuvita, itanga ibisubizo byikoranabuhanga ikorera mu Buholandi hamwe n’abakoresha 70.000. <ref>{{Cite news |date=3 June 2021 |title=Tunstall Healthcare grows presence with new acquisition |url=https://www.homecareinsight.co.uk/tunstall-healthcare-grows-presence-with-new-acquisition/ |access-date=28 July 2021 |publisher=Home Care Insight}}</ref> Mu 2022 yaguze BeWo Unternehmensgruppe, isosiyete yo mu Budage. <ref>{{Cite news |date=1 March 2022 |title=Tunstall Healthcare expands its German presence with the acquisition of BeWo for undisclosed fee |url=https://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/business/tunstall-healthcare-expands-its-german-presence-3591775 |access-date=22 April 2022 |work=Yorkshire Post}}</ref> 1pafki3ul361oq4bt48o1fupxb47zup 0 20954 140247 125306 2026-09-25T12:02:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140247 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Spanish Flower''' ni ubwoko bwibiceri flan. Igizwe nuruhande rworoshye rutandukanijwemo ibice bingana nibice birindwi. Nibura <ref>{{Cite web |title=For the visually impaired |url=https://www.ecb.int/euro/visually/html/index.en.html |access-date=2010-09-29 |publisher=[[European Central Bank]]}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Currency & Building Services |title=New Zealand Coinage Specifications |url=http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/currency/money/0101459.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100819101835/http://www.rbnz.govt.nz/currency/money/0101459.html |archive-date=2010-08-19 |access-date=2010-09-29 |publisher=[[Reserve Bank of New Zealand]]}}</ref> [[Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi|Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi]] na [[Fiji]], '''bavuze mu buryo bweruye ko imiterere y’indabyo zo muri Esipanye zatoranijwe kugira ngo zifashe abafite ubumuga bwo kutabona'''. Nyamara, igiceri cyo kwibuka [[Polonye|cyo muri Polonye]] gifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye bya tekiniki bitandukanye muburyo bakozemo umuzenguruko wacyo kiceri, bigatuma bidashoboka mu mikoreshereze ya buri munsi. Kubwibyo, imiterere yindabyo zo muri Espagne zifite agaciro gashya kuri iki giceri. == Inkomoko == {| class="wikitable" align="right" ! colspan="2" |Indabyo zo muri Esipanye |- |[[Dosiye:50_pesetas_1992_barcelona_92_pedrera.png|200x200px]] |[[Dosiye:50_pesetas_1992_barcelona_92_sagrada_familia.png|200x200px]] |} Igiceri cya Espagne cya mafaranga 50 peseta cyatanzwe hagati ya 1990 na 2000 nicyo cyambere cyagaragaje imiterere yindabyo za Espagne. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#x5B; ''<nowiki><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2007)">citation ikenewe</span></nowiki>'' &#x5D;</sup>{{-}} == Ibiceri bifite indabyo zo muri Espanye == * Espagne, 50 pesetas 1990-1999 * Eurozone, 20 euro ijana kuva 1999 * Azaribayijan, 10 qəpik kuva 2006 * Nouvelle-Zélande, amafaranga 20 kuva 2006 * Maleziya, 50 sen kuva 2012 * Polonye, 2 złote 2012, isabukuru yimyaka 50 ya Radio ya Polonye * Fiji, amadorari 2 * Sri Lanka, Amafaranga 2, 2017 * Qazaqistan, tenge 200, 2020 <ref>{{Cite web |title=200 Tenge, Kazakhstan |url=https://en.numista.com/catalogue/pieces194504.html}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} 1kppcyr7jkt9tuzw4o0wynlbitli40c 0 20966 140279 137959 2026-09-25T12:06:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140279 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''ACM SIGACCESS''' ni Ishyirahamwe ry’imashini zidasanzwe zo kubara imashini zita kuri mudasobwa ziboneka, itsinda rinyuranye ry’abashakashatsi mu masomo n’inganda, abaganga n’abakozi bashinzwe gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abafite ubumuga butandukanye, abafata ibyemezo, abakoresha amaherezo, n’abanyeshuri kugira ngo bateze imbere ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa n’abafite ubumuga. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hanson |first=Vicki L |year=2017 |title=ACM's Commitment to Accessibility |url=https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2017/3/213833-acms-commitment-to-accessibility/fulltext |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=60 |issue=3 |page=7 |doi=10.1145/3047268 |access-date=5 May 2017 |doi-access=free}}</ref> == Amateka == Mu 1964, Ishyirahamwe ry’imashini zibara mudasobwa ryatangije komite ishinzwe ibikorwa ku babana nu '''bumuga ku batabona''', yasohoye akanyamakuru imyaka ine kandi itegura inama mu 1969. Intego ya komite yari iyo guteza imbere no gutera inkunga impumyi nkaba programmes babishoboye. Komite yaguye ibitekerezo byayo kugira ngo ishyiremo abandi bantu bafite ubumuga <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sterling |first=Theodor D. |last2=Lichstein |first2=M. |last3=Scarpino |first3=F. |last4=Stuebing |first4=D. |date=1 April 1964 |title=Professional Computer Work for the Blind |journal=Communications of the ACM |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=228–230 |doi=10.1145/364005.364054 |issn=0001-0782 |doi-access=free}}</ref> "Itsinda ry’inyungu zidasanzwe kuri mudasobwa n’abafite ubumuga bw’umubiri" (SIGCAPH) mu 1971. <ref name="p_thesis">{{Cite web |last=Petrick |first=Elizabeth |date=1 January 2012 |title=Fulfilling the promise of the personal computer : the development of accessible computer technologies, 1970-1998 |url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/6242116r |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations |publisher=UC San Diego |language=en}}</ref> Mu 2003, SIG yiswe SIGACCESS. <ref name="p_thesis" /> == Inama == Ihuriro rya ACM SIGACCESS ryabereye kuburyo bwa online kuri mudasobwa no kugerwaho (ASSETS) ninama ngarukamwaka. Intererano zose zinama zirasuzumwa nurungano na komite mpuzamahanga ya gahunda, kandi impapuro zemewe, ibyapa n'imyiyerekano bibitswe mububiko bwibitabo bwa ACM. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility |url=http://assets17.sigaccess.org/ |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=ACM ASSETS 2017 |language=en}}</ref> Abanditsi bose b'impapuro zemewe bazatumirwa gutanga impapuro zagutse z'impapuro zabo ku kibazo cyihariye cya ''Transaction ya ACM kuri Computing Computing'' ( ''TACCESS'' ). SIGACCESS itera inkunga muburyo nutandukanye kandi andi mahugurwa ya ACM n'inama ku buryo busimburana. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Related Conferences |url=http://www.sigaccess.org/assets/related-conferences/ |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=SIGACCESS}}</ref> == Ikinyamakuru == ''[[Transactions on Accessible Computing|Ihererekanyabubasha kuri comptabilite]]'' ni ikinyamakuru ACM buri gihembwe gisohora inyandiko zisobanuraimyitwarire zerekeye kubara byoroshye. Ikinyamakuru gishimangira imisanzu hamwe nibisubizo byubushakashatsi, ariko kandi byakira impapuro zifite ubushishozi bushya cyangwa imyanya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=TACCESS |url=http://www.rit.edu/gccis/taccess/index.html |access-date=5 May 2017 |website=ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing |publisher=ACM}}</ref> == Ibihembo == === ASSETS Impapuro Impinduka Igihembo === ASSETS Paper Impact Award ihabwa abanditsi impapuro cyangwa se impamya bumenyi zabo. Impapuro zigomba kuba zifite nibura imyaka icumi kugirango zisuzumwe. * 2023 - Guha imbaraga abantu bafite-tekinoroji-ifasha; Umwanditsi (s): Amy Hurst na Jasmine Tobiya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2023 SIGACCESS ASSETS Paper Impact Award Winner {{!}} SIGACCESS |url=https://www.sigaccess.org/2024/03/2023-paper-impact-award-winner/ |access-date=2024-11-11 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2021 - Inyigisho z’abafite ubumuga nkisoko yiperereza rikomeye kubijyanye na tekinoroji ifasha; Umwanditsi (s): Jennifer Mankoff, Gillian R. Hayes, na Devva Kasnitz. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2021 SIGACCESS ASSETS Impact Award Winner {{!}} SIGACCESS |url=https://www.sigaccess.org/2021/11/2021-sigaccess-assets-impact-award-winner/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2019 - Amategeko ya slide: gukora ecran ya mobile igendanwa kubantu batabona ukoresheje tekinoroji yo guhuza byinshi; Umwanditsi (s): Shaun K. Kane, Jeffrey P. Bigham, na Jacob O. Wobbrock. <ref>{{Cite web |title=2019 SIGACCESS ASSETS Paper Impact Award winner {{!}} SIGACCESS |url=https://www.sigaccess.org/2019/11/2019-sigaccess-assets-paper-impact-award-winner/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2017 - Gutanga uburyo bwo gukoresha ibishushanyo mbonera byabakoresha-ntabwo ari ibishushanyo mbonera; Umwanditsi (s): W. Keith Edwards, Elizabeth Mynatt na Kathryn Stockton <ref>{{Cite web |title=2017 SIGACCESS ASSETS Paper Impact Award winner {{!}} SIGACCESS |url=https://www.sigaccess.org/2017/11/2017-sigaccess-assets-paper-impact-award-winner/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2015 - Gushushanya Ibikorwa Bitandukanye: Imigaragarire kubantu bakuze; Umwanditsi (s): Peter Gregor, Alan Newell, na Mary Zajicek <ref>{{Cite web |title=2015 SIGACCESS ASSETS Paper Impact Award Winners Announced {{!}} SIGACCESS |url=https://www.sigaccess.org/2015/11/2015-sigaccess-assets-paper-impact-award-winners-announced/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> * 2013 - Umukoresha Imigaragarire Yurugo Rusoma; Umwanditsi (s): Chieko Asakawa na Takashi Itoh <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chieko Asakawa and Takashi Itoh: 2013 Impact Award {{!}} SIGACCESS |url=https://www.sigaccess.org/2013/10/2013-impact-award/ |access-date=2024-02-20 |language=en-US}}</ref> === Umusanzu udasanzwe muri comptabilite na Accessibility Award === [https://www.sigaccess.org/category/news/awards/outstanding-contribution/ Igihembo cyindashyikirwa] gitangwa mumyaka yabanje kandi abayihawe batanga ikiganiro nyamukuru mu nama ya ASSETS ikurikira. <ref>{{Cite web |title=SIGACCESS |url=https://awards.acm.org/sig-awards/sigaccess#h-sigaccess-award-for-outstanding-contributions-to-computing-and-accessibility |access-date=6 May 2017 |website=ACM Awards |language=en}}</ref> * 2024 - Chieko Asakawa * 2022 - [https://www.sigaccess.org/2022/09/clayton-lewis-outstanding-contribution-recipient-2022/ Clayton Lewis] * 2020 - Jonathan Lazar * 2018 - [https://www.sigaccess.org/2018/07/judy-brewer-outstanding-contribution-recipient-2018/ Judy Brewer] * 2016 - Richard E. Ladner * 2014 - Vicki L. Hanson * 2012 - [https://www.sigaccess.org/2012/04/john-gardner-outstanding-contribution-recipient-2012/ John A. Gardner] * 2010 - [https://www.sigaccess.org/2010/04/albert-cook-outstanding-contribution-recipient-2010/ Albert M. Cook] * 2008 - James Thatcher == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} kukrdqf03nchqge2v23kr94jv64y8or 0 21050 140316 127481 2026-09-26T07:30:54Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 3 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox award|name=Barbellion Prize|presenter=The Barbellion Prize|country=United Kingdom|year=2020|year2=2022|reward=£1,000; glass trophy; copy of ''The Journal of a Disappointed Man''}} [[File:Barbellion_image.webp|right|thumb|Igishushanyo cya Barbellion yakoreshejwe nigihembo]] '''Igihembo cya Barbellion''' ni igihembo cy’ubuvanganzo cyo mu Bwongereza, "cyiyemeje guteza imbere amajwi y’abarwaye n’abantu bafite ubumuga mu mwandiko".<ref name="home">{{Cite web |title=Home page |url=https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=The Barbellion Prize |language=en |archive-date=21 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021075942/https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Gitangwa buri mwaka ku mwanditsi wese, mu njyana iyo ari yo yose, ufite indwara ikomeye cyangwa utuye afite ubumuga.<ref>{{Cite news |date=19 February 2021 |title=A prize bash |url=https://www.the-tls.co.uk/articles/a-prize-bash/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |work=TLS}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=McDaid |first=Heather |date=13 December 2021 |title=2021 Barbellion Prize longlist announced |url=https://www.publishingscotland.org/2021/12/2021-barbellion-prize-longlist-announced/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=Publishing Scotland}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Barbellion Prize longlist 2020 |url=https://nationalcentreforwriting.org.uk/article/barbellion-prize-longlist-2020/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=National Centre for Writing}}</ref><ref name="bayley">{{Cite news |last=Bayley |first=Sian |date=12 February 2022 |title=Buckle wins Barbellion Prize for 'powerful' novel What Willow Says |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/buckle-wins-barbellion-prize-for-powerful-novel-what-willow-says |access-date=29 June 2022 |work=The Bookseller |language=En |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629085527/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/buckle-wins-barbellion-prize-for-powerful-novel-what-willow-says |archive-date=29 June 2022 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Iki gihembo cyashinzwe mu 2020 na Jake Goldsmith, ufite cystic fibrosis, kandi ibitaramo bye byanditswe “Neither Weak nor Obtuse” (2022: <nowiki>ISBN 978-1952386398</nowiki>) na “In Hospital Environments: Essays on Illness and Philosophy” (2024: <nowiki>ISBN 978-1952386930</nowiki>) byasohowe na Sagging Meniscus Press.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Neither Weak Nor Obtuse |url=https://www.saggingmeniscus.com/catalog/neither_weak_nor_obtuse/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |website= |publisher=Sagging Meniscus Press}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=In Hospital Environments |url=https://www.saggingmeniscus.com/catalog/in_hospital_environments/ |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=www.saggingmeniscus.com |publisher=Sagging Meniscus Press}}</ref><ref name="faqs">{{Cite web |title=FAQs |url=https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/faqs |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=The Barbellion Prize |language=en |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529053806/https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/faqs |url-status=dead }}</ref> Iki gihembo cyitwa ku izina rya W. N. P. Barbellion (1889–1919; izina rye nyakuri Bruce Frederick Cummings), umwanditsi w’igitabo “The Journal of a Disappointed Man”, wabaye ufite multiple sclerosis kandi apfuye afite imyaka 30. ''​''Mu mwaka wa 2023, Goldsmith yatangaje ko iki gihembo “kizashyirwa ku kiruhuko kitazwi” kandi ko igihembo cya 2023 kitazatangwa, ariko “dushobora gukomeza mu 2024 mu buryo bwiza kurushaho”. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Barbellion Prize |url=https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021075942/https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |archive-date=21 October 2023 |website=The Barbellion Prize |language=en}}</ref> Kuva muri Gicurasi 2025, urubuga rw’iki gihembo rwavuze ko “Nyuma y’ikiruhuko cyacu, Igihembo cya Barbellion kizagaruka mu mwaka ushize. Ibindi bizatangazwa muri Nzeri 2025.” <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Barbellion Prize |url=https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250507223115/https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |archive-date=7 May 2025 |access-date=7 May 2025 |website=The Barbellion Prize |language=en}}</ref> Iki gihembo ni mpuzamahanga kandi cyakira ibitabo bishya byahinduwe mu Cyongereza, ndetse n’ibyanditswe n’abanditse ubwabo (self-published), ariko ntikireba ibitabo bitarasohotse. Ubusabe bushingiye ku kuba umwanditsi agaragaza ubuzima afite indwara ikomeye cyangwa ubumuga bw’igihe kirekire... bushobora kugena ubuzima bwe ku buryo bugaragara, kandi abanditsi—nk’abari mu mwanya w’abita ku bandi—batagize ubumuga bashobora gusuzumwa niba igihangano cyabo ari cy’igitangaza mu kugaragaza ubuzima n’indwara, ariko bazahabwa umwanya muto mu guhatanira igihembo.<ref name="home"/> Uwatsindiye iki gihembo ahabwa £1,000, igikombe cy’ikirahure (glass trophy), ndetse n’igitabo cya Barbellion cyitwa “The Journal of a Disappointed Man”. <ref name="home" /> == Abatsinze == === 2020 === * ''Umukobwa wa Golem: inyandiko'' yumuhanzi Riva Lehrer, ufite spina bifida <ref name="chandler">{{Cite news |last=Chandler |first=Mark |date=10 February 2021 |title=Lehrer's Golem Girl wins inaugural Barbellion Prize |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/lehrers-golem-girl-wins-inaugural-barbellion-prize-1237522 |access-date=29 June 2022 |work=The Bookseller |language=En |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210218042719/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/lehrers-golem-girl-wins-inaugural-barbellion-prize-1237522 |archive-date=18 February 2021 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ( Virago, ) === 2021 === * ''Ibyo Willow avuga'' na Lynn Buckle, utumva: <ref>{{Cite web |date=21 March 2018 |title=About |url=https://lynnbuckle.wordpress.com/about/ |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=Lynn Buckle |language=en |archive-date=28 June 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220628223421/https://lynnbuckle.wordpress.com/about/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> igitabo kivuga ku mwana w'igipfamatwi na nyirakuru ndetse no gukoresha ururimi rw'amarenga <ref name="bayley"/> <ref>{{Cite web |title=What Willow Says |url=https://www.epoquepress.com/titles-what-willow-says |access-date=29 June 2022 |website=époque press |language=en}}</ref> ( [[Époque Press|Press Époque Press]], ) === 2022 === * ''Igitabo cyamasaha: Almanac kubihe byubugingo'' by [[Letty McHugh]], ufite sclerose nyinshi . <ref>{{Cite news |last=Kemp-Habib |first=Alice |date=15 February 2023 |title=McHugh's 'small gem of a book' wins Barbellion Prize |url=https://www.thebookseller.com/news/mchughs-small-gem-of-a-book-wins-barbellion-prize |access-date=16 February 2023 |work=The Bookseller |language=En |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216095708/https://www.thebookseller.com/news/mchughs-small-gem-of-a-book-wins-barbellion-prize |archive-date=16 February 2023 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Barbellion Prize 2022 |url=https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216094445/https://www.thebarbellionprize.com/ |archive-date=16 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |publisher=Barbellion Prize}}</ref> Igitabo cyanditswe ubwacyo kandi kiboneka kumurongo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home page |url=http://www.lettymchugh.co.uk/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216095441/http://www.lettymchugh.co.uk/ |archive-date=16 February 2023 |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=Letty McHugh}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Book of Hours by Letty McHugh |url=https://issuu.com/lettymchugh/docs/bookofhourslettymchugh |access-date=16 February 2023 |website=issuu.com |language=en |archive-date=16 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230216095626/https://issuu.com/lettymchugh/docs/bookofhourslettymchugh |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website cgdgomew8lvz0a0iyevdib9kdgrzriu 0 21052 140311 125518 2026-09-26T04:53:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140311 wikitext text/x-wiki '''xAP''' ni sisitemu ifunguye ikoreshwa murugo rwimikorere ishyigikira guhuza telemetrie hamwe nibikoresho bigenzirwa cyane cyane murugo. y'itumanaho irimo RS-232, RS-485, Ethernet na simsiz. Porotokole ya xAP ikoresha ubutumwa bwamamaza gusa. <ref name="ICACT-2008" /> abakira xAP bumve ubutumwa bwamamaza kandi basoma kugirango barebe niba ubutumwa bufite inyungu. <ref name="ICACT-2008" /> Porotokole ya xAP ifite ibyiza byingenzi bikurikira: <ref name="ICACT-2008" /> * Ikoresha ibikorwa remezo bihari aho bishoboka hose (urugero birashobora kubana hamwe nuburyo butandukanye bwumubiri nka RS-232 cyangwa LAN idafite umugozi) * Irashobora guhuza imiyoboro myinshi nka RS-232 cyangwa idafite umugozi ukoresheje ikiraro gifatika. * xAP ntabwo isaba umugenzuzi mukuru. Imyanya yose irashobora gukora nkuwohereje cyangwa uyakira. * Sisitemu ya xAP itanga ikwirakwizwa kandi ryihanganira imyubakire yemerera imikorere ya sisitemu ndetse no mugihe habaye ibice byananiranye. == Reba kandi == * xPL Porotokole - Porotokole isa cyane murugo == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110614225641/http://www.xapautomation.org/index.php?title=Protocol_definition xAP Ibisobanuro Porotokole] Archived * [http://www.automatedhome.co.uk/vbulletin/forumdisplay.php?f=15 xAP Ihuriro] 8l9x5ng58dg2kbc54z8iitb6s9pm0s6 0 21089 140253 135884 2026-09-25T12:02:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140253 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raven''' ni izina ry'ikirango cy'amatangazo y'amajwi y'ubwenge (smart speakers) ,yatejwe imbere n'ikigo cy'abashinwa gitanga serivisi za interineti kitwa Baidu. Ibikoresho bihuza amajwi agenzurwa n'ubwenge bw'umuntu wungirije serivise DuerOS. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Hempel |first=Jessi |date=9 August 2017 |title=How Baidu Will Win China's AI Race—and, Maybe, the World's |url=https://www.wired.com/story/how-baidu-will-win-chinas-ai-raceand-maybe-the-worlds/ |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=[[Backchannel (blog)|Backchannel]] |publisher=[[Condé Nast]]}}</ref> ibisubizo bivuye ku kuba Baidu yaguze Raven Tech muri Gashyantare 2017. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Khari |date=15 November 2017 |title=Baidu unveils home robots and smart speaker |url=https://venturebeat.com/2017/11/15/baidu-unveils-raven-home-robots-and-smart-speaker/ |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=[[VentureBeat]] |archive-date=21 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191221103010/https://venturebeat.com/2017/11/15/baidu-unveils-raven-home-robots-and-smart-speaker/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Raven H yatangiye kugurishwa mu Kuboza 2017, icya mbere mu bicuruzwa bitatu byateganijwe munsi y’ikirango. == Ibicuruzwa == === Raven H. === The Raven H n'umuvugizi w'ubwenge ugizwe ni byuma umunani.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Horwitz |first=Josh |date=16 November 2017 |title=The newest smart home assistant stands out for one reason |url=https://qz.com/1131072/baidu-raven-h-the-newest-smart-home-assistant-stands-out-for-one-reason/ |access-date=6 March 2018 |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]]}}</ref> Icyuma cy'umutuku gishobora gukurwaho kiri hejuru gishobora kuzamuka no kumanuka ,kandi gifite kandi igikoresho kigenga cy'ihuzanziga rya LED gifata ku kiganza (touch controller). <ref>{{Cite news |date=16 November 2017 |title=Baidu Jumps Into Crowded Smart Speaker Fray With Raven H |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/amp/news/articles/2017-11-16/baidu-jumps-into-chinese-smart-speaker-fray-with-the-raven-h |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=[[Bloomberg News]]}}</ref> DuerOS ishoboye guhuza amajwi, gucuranga imiziki, gutanga ikirere, no gusuhuza imodoka kuva Didi Chuxing kubikoresho. Yatangijwe bwa mbere mu Gushyingo 2017 mu nama ngarukamwaka <ref>{{Cite news |last=Russell |first=Jon |date=16 November 2017 |title=China's Baidu just announced the strangest smart speakers |url=https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/16/baidu-just-announced-the-strangest-smart-speakers/ |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=[[TechCrunch]] |publisher=[[Oath Inc.]]}}</ref> World yabereye i Beijing. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Abkowitz |first=Alyssa |date=16 November 2017 |title=Baidu Sends Raven to Bring Artificial Intelligence Into Chinese Homes |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/baidu-sends-raven-to-bring-artificial-intelligence-into-chinese-homes-1510829323 |url-access=subscription |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]]}}</ref> Mu ndege, igikoresho gifite disikuru ya Tymphany. Mu Bushinwa, igikoresho cyabonetse mu Kuboza 2017 ku mafaranga 1.699. === Raven R. === The Raven R n'igishushanyo mbonera cy'ubwenge gifite ingingo esheshatu zigenda, zikoreshwa mu gukora imirimo yoroshye no kwerekana amarangamutima ku murongo wa LED. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Ho |first=Victoria |date=16 November 2017 |title=Baidu rolls out the Raven H, its first AI smart speaker |url=http://mashable.com/2017/11/16/baidu-smart-speaker-raven-h/#HJQAx9yk_sqi |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=[[Mashable]]}}</ref> === Raven Q. === The Raven Q ni robot yo murugo iteganijwe izashobora kuzenguruka inzu, usibye gukora nk'umufasha w'ukuri. <ref>{{Cite news |last=Shead |first=Sam |date=16 November 2017 |title=Chinese tech giant Baidu launched a smart speaker and robots that will give people a 'sci-fi' experience |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/baidu-unveiled-raven-smart-speaker-and-robots-2017-11?op=1 |access-date=21 November 2017 |work=[[Business Insider]]}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 4lt9xmocfrps3cwovqey6uwyrubrvf7 0 21155 140238 125651 2026-09-25T12:01:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140238 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''James Platt Barrett''' (29 Kamena mu mwaka wa 1838-27 Ukuboza 1916) yari umwarimu wicyongereza kubatumva na lepidopteriste wikunda. Yari umwe mu banyamuryango bashinze umuryango w’amateka y’amateka ya Londere y’amajyepfo ya Londres kandi yigisha mu ishuri ry’ibwami ry’abana batumva n’ibiragi i Margate imyaka igera kuri mirongo itanu. Platt-Barrett ashobora kuba yari [[ubumuga bwo kutumva]] mu busore bwe kuko yize mu kigo cyabafite ubumuga bw'okutumva ndetse nabafite ubumuga bwo kutavuga i Yorkshire. Nyuma yaje kumenyekana ko ashoboye gushyikirana nta kibazo. Yabaye umwarimu w'abatumva n'ibiragi. Bikekwa ko ashobora kuba yarahumekewe no kwiga ikinyugunyugu na Charles Baker wari umwarimu w’abana batumva basohoye igitabo ''cyitwa Ikinyugunyugu cyo mu Bwongereza'' (1828) cyerekanwe n’abanyeshuri be mu kigo cya Edgbaston. Platt-Barrett yagiye mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]] inshuro nyinshi. Ku ya 28 Ukuboza mu mwaka wa1908, yarokotse gato [[Umutingito|umutingito wabereye]] i Messina ariko umukazana we n'umwana we bishwe n'inzu yaguye maze ingero n'inoti kuva mu mezi yakusanyije birasenywa. Yatorewe kuba Umunyamuryango wa Sosiyete Entomologiya mu mu mwaka wa 1911. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=Lang |first=Harry G. |last2=Santiago-Blay |first2=Jorge A. |date=2012 |title=Contributions of deaf people to entomology: A hidden legacy |url=https://brill.com/view/journals/tar/5/3-4/article-p223_3.xml |journal=Terrestrial Arthropod Reviews |volume=5 |issue=3–4 |pages=223–268 |doi=10.1163/18749836-05031052 |issn=1874-9828 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal |year=1917 |title=Obituary. J. Platt Barrett |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11932662 |journal=The Entomologist |volume=50 |page=72}}</ref> Yashyinguwe i Birchington iruhande rw’umugore we wari wamubanjirije. <ref>{{Cite journal |last=[H.M.] |year=1917 |title=Obituary. The late J. Platt-Barrett, F.E.S. |url=https://archive.org/details/entomologistsrec291917tutt/page/43/mode/1up |journal=The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation |volume=29 |pages=43–44}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://blogs.ucl.ac.uk/library-rnid/2018/01/12/job-platt-barrett-f-e-s-teacher-of-the-deaf-amateur-entomologist-signs-turn-this-dreary-world-of-ours-into-a-little-heaven/ Akazi Platt Barrett, FES, Umwarimu wabatumva & amateur entomologue na H. Dominic W. Stiles, 12 Mutarama 2018] rfra5u0n9p9gpdbfgqzwepezwq49kbe 0 21161 140323 125659 2026-09-26T11:15:10Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140323 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ko Taku Reo: Uburezi bw'abafite ubumuga bwokutumva muri Nouvelle-Zélande''' iherereye mu muhanda wa Archibald, New Lynn, Auckland, [[Nuveli Zelande|New Zealand]] . Ni ishuri ryihariye ryo guturamo ry’abana bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, ndetse n’ikigo cy’ibikoresho gitanga serivisi n’inkunga ku banyeshuri biga muri rusange, abanyeshuri mu byokurya, ndetse n’abarimu bo muri Nouvelle-Zélande. Ishuri rya Kelston ry’abafite ubumuga bwokutumva ryashinzwe mu mwaka wo mu 1958, nk'ishuri rya Kelston ryita ku bafite ubumuga bwokutumva. <ref name="West-Devaliant">{{Cite book |last=Devaliant |first=Judith |date=2009 |title=West: The History of Waitakere |publisher=Random House |isbn=9781869790080 |editor-last=Macdonald |editor-first=Finlay |editor-link=Finlay Macdonald (editor) |pages=211–212 |chapter=History Lessons |editor-last2=Kerr |editor-first2=Ruth}}</ref> ryasimbuye amashuri yabatumva kumusozi Wellington na Lopdell House muri Titirangi . <ref name="West-Devaliant" /> Yahinduye izina ayita '''ikigo cya Kelston Deaf Education Centre''' mu 1991 kugirango kigaragaze neza serivisi zitandukanye zatanze. <ref>{{Cite web |title=History of Kelston School for the Deaf |url=https://www.kotakureo.school.nz/about-us/our-history/kelston-history |access-date=28 November 2020 |website=kotakureo.school.nz |publisher=Ko Taku Reo |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127141113/https://www.kotakureo.school.nz/about-us/our-history/kelston-history |archive-date=27 November 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Mu ntangiriro za manda ya gatatu ya 2020 ishuri ryahujwe n’ikigo cyigisha ubumuga bwo kutumva cya Van Asch bashinga Ko Taku Reo, ishuri ry’igihugu ryigisha ubumuga bwo kutumva. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} mnvgicei04gdk7g8au2hedx4ccr4rsf 0 21170 140254 127101 2026-09-25T12:02:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140254 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Inyuguti za Alphabet''' ni intoki zibiri zikoreshwa mu kwandika mu rurimi rw'amarenga rwa Yugosilaviya. Ibimenyetso bimwe byagereranijwe nyuma zitwa Cyrillic Seribiya, ibindi nyuma yinyuguti ya Gaj y'Ikilatini, cyangwa bituruka ahandi akaba ari inyuguti zifasha ababana n'ubumuga bwo kutumva.{{sign language navigation}} == Amashakiro == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250505141436/https://www.inkluzija.org/ Inkluzija.org] : [https://web.archive.org/web/20231101160402/http://www.inkluzija.org/biblioteka/srpski%20znakovni%20jezik.jpg Алфабет српског знаковног језика] {{Manual alphabet}} gfwjvt4wfnftrwr20u87d5vk47x2wpc 0 21223 140264 135616 2026-09-25T12:04:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140264 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Yooralla''' (ku mugaragaro '''umuryango wa Yooralla wa Victoria''' ) ni umuryango utanga serivisi Zababana nubumuga [[:en:Nonprofit_organization|udaharanira inyungu]] muri Ositaraliya, utera inkunga abatsinze 30.000 babana n’ubumuga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yooralla |url=http://www.cpaustralia.com.au/index.php/site/aboutus/memberorganisations/yoorallavic |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140304081500/http://www.cpaustralia.com.au/index.php/site/aboutus/memberorganisations/yoorallavic |archive-date=4 March 2014 |website=Cerebral Palsy Australia |publisher=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Macklin |first=Jenny |date=24 April 2012 |title=Inaugural Yooralla Chairman's Award – Award to John Walsh AM |url=https://www.formerministers.dss.gov.au/13524/inaugural-yooralla-chairmans-award-award-to-john-walsh-am/ |website=Australian Government |publisher=Australian Department of Social Services}}</ref> == History == Umuryango wa Yooralla wa Victoria washinzwe mu 1977 mu rwego rwo guhuza ishuri ry’ibitaro bya Yooralla na Sosiyete ya Victorian y’abana bafite ubumuga.<ref>https://www.formerministers.dss.gov.au/13524/inaugural-yooralla-chairmans-award-award-to-john-walsh-am/</ref> === Ishuri ryibitaro bya Yooralla (1918–1977) === u 1918, Evangeline Irlande yashinze [[:en:Kindergarten|ishuri ry’incuke]] rya Yooralla ry’abana bafite ubumuga, ishuri ry’abana bamugaye. Yatewe inkunga no kuvumbura umwana wamugaye ababyeyi be bamusize mu kiraro cyinkoko mugihe bakoraga. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=The year 1918 marked the birth of Yooralla after Evangeline Ireland established a free kindergarten for children with disabilities |url=http://www.federationstory.com/yooralla/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303223937/http://www.federationstory.com/yooralla/ |archive-date=3 March 2016 |publisher=Federation Story |quote=}}</ref> [[Fitzroy, Victoria|<nowiki>]</nowiki>]] <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our history |url=http://www.yooralla.com.au/about/history |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112194532/http://www.yooralla.com.au/about/history |archive-date=12 January 2014 |publisher=Yooralla}}</ref>[[Carlton, Victoria|​]] Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, iryo shuri ryimuriwe ku musozi wa Makedoniya. Amaherezo yaje kubona indi mitungo myinshi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2019 |title=Yooralla Hospital School for Crippled Children and Adults (1918–77) |url=http://www.findingrecords.dhhs.vic.gov.au/collectionresultspage/Yooralla-Hospital-School-for-Crippled-Children-and-Adults |access-date=2021-04-12 |website=www.findingrecords.dhhs.vic.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> === Umuryango wa Victorian kubana bamugaye (1935–1977) === Sosiyete ya Victorian y'abana bamugaye yashinzwe mu 1935 na [[:en:Eleanor_Latham|Eleanor Latham]], umugore w'umucamanza mukuru [[:en:John_Latham_(judge)|Sir John Latham]]. Byari bifitanye isano rya bugufi n’ishuri ry’ibitaro bya Yooralla n’ibitaro [[:en:Royal_Children's_Hospital|by’abana by’umwami]]. Nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yiswe Umuryango wa Victorian Society w'abana bamugaye n'abantu bakuru. Yakoraga amacumbi menshi yo guturamo abamugaye, hamwe n’imyidagaduro hamwe n’ibigo byigisha. <ref>{{Cite web |date=24 April 2019 |title=Victorian Society for Crippled Children (1935–77) |url=http://www.findingrecords.dhhs.vic.gov.au/collectionresultspage/VictorianSocietyCrippledChildren |access-date=19 July 2018 |website=www.findingrecords.dhhs.vic.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} g9fptaw5yu25sm7yd4dsk3apb9038a7 0 21230 140272 125753 2026-09-25T12:06:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140272 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Deafnet''' (cyangwa '''DEAFNET''' ) yashizweho nkumushinga wo kwerekana mu 1978 na SRI International (yahoze yitwa Stanford Research Institute) muri kaminuza ya Gallaudet ya Washington kubatumva. Yatewe inkunga n’ishami ry’ubuzima, uburezi, n’imibereho myiza y’Amerika kugira ngo yerekane ibyiza bya e-mail ku batumva. Deafnet yari yo yabayeho bwa mbere mu gukoresha koko icyuma cy’itumanaho cyabugenewe ku batumva. Deafnet yatanze uburyo ku bantu bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva, abafite imiyoboro y’itumanaho yari yaragabanijwe, bwo kuganira no kungukira mu muryango mushya w’itumanaho. Deafnet yashyizweho nka Sisitemu ya Mudasobwa, ikomatanya ibikoresho byagenewe abakoresha bafite ubumuga bwo kutumva hamwe na terminal zisanzwe za mudasobwa. <ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Middleton |first=Teresa |date=1983 |title=DEAFNET—The Word's Getting Around: Local Implementation of Telecommunications Networks for Deaf Users |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/506466/summary |journal=American Annals of the Deaf |volume=128 |issue=5 |pages=613–618 |issn=1543-0375}}</ref> DEAFNET yanashyizeho kandi uburyo bwo kuganira mu gihe nyacyo (‘real-time chat’) aho abakoresha bashoboraga kuganira ako kanya bakoresheje inyandiko. Ibikoresho bisanzwe byakoreshwaga byari bigizwe na terminal ya Zenith ZT-1, Superphone (terminal ifite coupler yubatse imbere yemera guhuza na Baudot cyangwa ASCII ndetse ifite buffer y’inyuguti 1000), hamwe na printer ya Epson.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Middleton |first=Teresa |date=1983 |title=DEAFNET—The Word's Getting Around: Local Implementation of Telecommunications Networks for Deaf Users |url=https://muse.jhu.edu/article/506466/summary |journal=American Annals of the Deaf |volume=128 |issue=5 |pages=613–618 |issn=1543-0375}}<cite class="citation journal cs1" data-ve-ignore="" id="CITEREFMiddleton1983">Middleton, Teresa (1983). [https://muse.jhu.edu/article/506466/summary "DEAFNET—The Word's Getting Around: Local Implementation of Telecommunications Networks for Deaf Users"]. ''American Annals of the Deaf''. '''128''' (5): <span class="nowrap">613–</span>618. [[ISSN (identifier)|ISSN]]&nbsp;[https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1543-0375 1543-0375].</cite></ref> Igikoresho cya Superphone cyagurishwaga ku $495 mu mwaka wa 1981. DEAFNET yafatwa nk’uburyo bwiza bwo kugabanya ikiguzi mu itumanaho ku batumva, ariko itangira ry’ama-terminal akorana na ASCII ndetse na Internet nyuma yaho byasimbuje icyo gikeneye.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Allan |first=Daniel S. |date=October 1981 |title=A Nationwide Communication System for the Hearing Impaired: Strategies Toward Commercial Implementation. Final Report. |url=https://www.smecc.org/deafnet/a%20nationwide%20communication%20system%20for%20the%20hearing%20impaired%20-%20sri.pdf |publisher=Shooshan & Jackson, Inc., Washington, DC.; [[SRI International]], Menlo Park, Calif. |pages=55-65 |language=en}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro hamwe nu murongo wo hanze == <references /> * Archived [https://www.sri.com/hoi/deafnet/ kurubuga rwa SRI Archives] 385ex6cxl0pem4ihuj969mw7rfn967l 0 21634 140258 128317 2026-09-25T12:03:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140258 wikitext text/x-wiki  {{Infobox tennis event|2024|Rwanda Challenger||date=26 February – 2 March|edition=1st|surface=[[Tennis court#Clay courts|Clay]]|location=[[Kigali]], Rwanda|champs={{flagicon|POL}} [[Kamil Majchrzak]]|champd={{flagicon|NED}} [[Max Houkes]] / {{flagicon|FRA}} [[Clément Tabur]]|after_year=2024|after_name=Rwanda Challenger II}}Irushanwarya Tennis '''rya 2024 Rwanda Challenger''' ryarirushanwa [[Tenisi|rya Tennis]] ryakinwekubibuga by'ibumba. Ryarirushanwa ryambere ryabayemwirushanwa rya ATP Challenger Tour rya 2024. Ryabereye i [[Kigali]], mu Rwanda, hagatiya tarikiya 26 Gashyantare na 2 Werurwe 2024. == Abitabiriye tombola y'ibanze mu bakinnyi b'ingaragu == === Imbuto === {| class="sortable wikitable" ! width="70" |Igihugu ! width="175" | Umukinnyi ! Icyiciro ^{cya 1} ! Imbuto |- | | Ivan Gakhov | 176 | 1 |- | | Clément Tabur | 216 | 2 |- | | Calvin Hemery | 219 | 3 |- | | Marco Trungelliti | 220 | 4 |- | | Nicholas David Ionel | 263 | 5 |- | | Benjamin Lock | 350 | 6 |- | | Max Houkes | 353 | 7 |- | | Mohamed Safwat | 364 | 8 |} * Urutonde ¹ ni urw’itariki ya 19 Gashyantare 2024. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rankings – Singles – ATP Tour – Tennis |url=http://www.atptour.com/en/rankings/singles |website=ATP Tour}}</ref> === Abandi binjira === Abakinnyi bakurikira bahawe amakarita y’ibanga mu mukino w’ibanze w’abakinnyi bonyine: * Ernest Habiyambere * [[Guy Orly Iradukunda]] * [[Kamil Majchrzak]] Abakinnyi bakurikira nibo binjijwe mu mukino wo gushaka itike: * [[Alafia Ayeni]] * Lucas Bouquet * Preston Brown * Ivan Denisov * Luca Fantini * [[Noah Schachter]] == Abakinnyi batsinze == === Abantu b'ingaragu === * '''[[Kamil Majchrzak]]''' def. [[Marco Trungelliti]] 6–4, 6–4. === Ababiri === * '''[[Max Houkes]]''' / '''[[Clément Tabur]]''' def. [[Pruchya Isaro]] / [[Christopher Rungkat]] 6–3, 7–6^(7–4). == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}}{{2024 ATP Challenger Tour}} 4oniydifc6dsohstzvnltwtlgmq7kfk 0 21647 140298 128337 2026-09-25T22:41:44Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140298 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Apollinarie Nyinawabéra''' (wavutse mu 1962) numukinnyi w'Umunyarwanda wirukintera ndende. Yitabiriye marato y'abagore mumikino Olempike yomumpeshyi yomu 1988. == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} ln0z5i3im3lceipjmklsw395lcvtchk 0 21686 140301 128442 2026-09-26T01:34:31Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140301 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:BRICS.svg|thumb|BRICS - Abanyamuryango 10 muri 2025]] '''Imikino ya BRICS+''' nirushanwa ryaburi mwaka rihuza imikino myinshi ritegurwa n'ibihugu bya BRICS . Irirushanwa murirusange ritegurwa n'igihugu kiyobora itsinda muri uwomwaka. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=2022 BRICS Games opens online-Xinhua |url=https://english.news.cn/20220901/de178738fdf8442bbf2a4764ba4c54aa/c.html |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=english.news.cn}}</ref> == Inyuma == Nyumay'uko irushanwa ry'ibanze [[Umupira w’amaguru|ry'umupira w'amaguru]] ry'abari munsiy'imyaka 17 ryabereye i Goa mu 2016, irushanwa ryambere rya BRICS ryabereye i Guangzhou [[Ubushinwa|mu Bushinwa]] mu 2017. Imikino yambereyarigizwe na [[Wasan kwallon raga|volleyball]], wushu, na taolu. Imikinoyakurikiyehoyabereye i Johannesburg mu 2018, igizwe na [[Wasan kwallon raga|volleyball]] y'abagabo n'abagore ndetse [[Umupira w’amaguru|n'umupira w'amaguru w'ishyirahamwe]] ry'abagore. Ntibyakozwemu 2019 na 2020, kubericyorezo cya COVID-19 . Imikino ya BRICS yomu 2021 yagombagagutegurwa [[Ubuhinde|n'Ubuhinde]], <ref>{{Cite news |date=26 August 2020 |title=India plans to host BRICS Games during Khelo India Games in 2021 |url=https://www.firstpost.com/sports/india-plans-to-host-brics-games-during-khelo-india-games-in-2021-8755221.html#:~:text=India%20are%20planning%20to%20host,and%20South%20Africa)%20on%20Tuesday. |work=Firstpost}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2020 |title=India plans BRICS Games alongside Khelo India Games in 2021 |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/other-sports/khelo-india-games-2021-brics-games-kiren-rijiju-indian-sports-news/article32443385.ece |website=Sportstar}}</ref> kandiyagombaga guhuzwa n'imikino ya Khelo India yariteganyijwe muriuwomwaka. Iritangazoryatanzwe na Minisitiri w'Ubuhinde wa Siporo n'Urubyiruko, Kiren Rijiju, mu nama y'Abaminisitiri ba Siporo bomu bihugu bya BRICS . Ubuhinde bwabaye umuyobozi w'itsinda mpuzamahanga ryigenga ry'ibihugu bitanu mu 2021. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2020 |title=Planning to host BRICS Games during Khelo India Games 2021: Sports Minister Kiren Rijiju |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/sport/other/2020/aug/26/planning-to-host-brics-games-during-khelo-india-games-2021-sports-minister-kiren-rijiju-2188477.html |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> Imikino yagombaga kubera mugihekimwe nahantu hamwe n'imikino ya Khelo India 2021, <ref>{{Cite news |date=August 26, 2020 |title=India plans BRICS Games during Khelo India Games next year |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/india-plans-brics-games-during-khelo-india-games-next-year/article32443208.ece |work=The Hindu |via=www.thehindu.com}}</ref> ariko amaherezibintibyakomeje. <ref>{{Cite web |date=May 2024 |title=BRICS Games |url=https://www.topendsports.com/events/games/brics/index.htm |website=Topend Sports}}</ref> Ikigikorwa cyomu 2022 cyateguwe n'Ubushinwa, arikonticyashoboraga kubera imbonankubone bitewe na politiki y'akarere yerekeye icyorezo cya coronavirus . <ref name=":0"/> Iki gikorwa cya 2023 cyateguwe na [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]] mu Kwakira kibera i Durban . [ bikenewe kuvugururwa ] <ref>{{Cite web |title=XV BRICS Summit Johannesburg II Declaration |url=https://www.gov.br/planalto/pt-br/acompanhe-o-planalto/noticias/2023/08/em-declaracao-conjunta-lideres-do-brics-anunciam-a-entrada-de-seis-novos-paises/jhb-ii-declaration-24-august-2023.pdf |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=Planalto - Governo do Brasil}}</ref> [[Uburusiya]] bwakoreye irushanwa rya 2024 i Kazan . <ref>{{Cite web |title=BRICS Games to take place in Kazan on June 20-23, 2024 |url=https://tass.com/sports/1653087 |access-date=2023-08-24 |website=TASS}}</ref> == Inyandiko zasohotse == Inkomoko: {| class="wikitable sortable" |+Imikino ya BRICS ! Ed. ! Itariki ! Aho biherereye ! Siporo ! Ref. |- | colspan="5" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Ntabwo byemewe''' |- | 0th |  5–15 Ukwakira 2016 | Goa, mu Buhinde | [[Umupira w’amaguru|Umupira w'amaguru w'ishyirahamwe]] ry'abatarengeje imyaka 17 | <ref name="ind">{{Cite web |title=BRICS INDIA 2021 &#124; Ministry of External Affairs |url=https://brics2021.gov.in/games}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="">[https://brics2021.gov.in/games "BRICS INDIA 2021 &#x7C; Ministry of External Affairs"].</cite></ref> |- | 1st |  17–21 Kamena 2017 | Guangzhou, Ubushinwa | [[Wasan kwallon raga|Volleyball]], wushu, taolu | <ref name="ind" /> |- | 2nd |  17–22 Nyakanga 2018 | Johannesburg, Afurika y'Epfo | [[Wasan kwallon raga|Volleyball]] (abagabo / abagore), [[Umupira w’amaguru|ishyirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru]] (abagore) | <ref name="ind" /> |- | colspan="5" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" | ''2019-2021 ntabwo yabaye'' |- | 3rd |  Kuva ku ya 1 kugeza ku ya 30 Nzeri 2022 | Kuri interineti (Ubushinwa) | Imbyino ya Breakdance, chess, wushu | <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 BRICS Games opens online-Xinhua |url=https://english.news.cn/20220901/de178738fdf8442bbf2a4764ba4c54aa/c.html |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=english.news.cn}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=2022 BRICS Games concludes - BRICS PartNIR Innovation Center |url=http://bricspic.org/En/Pages/Home/NewsDetail.aspx?rowId=461 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=bricspic.org}}</ref> |- | 4th |  18–21 Ukwakira 2023 | Durban, Afurika y'Epfo | Koga, badminton, tenisi yo ku meza, [[tenisi]], volleyball yo ku mucanga | <ref>{{Cite web |title=Sport, Arts and Culture hosts 2023 BRICS Games in Durban, 18 to 21 Oct {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.gov.za/news/media-advisories/government-activities/sport-arts-and-culture-hosts-2023-brics-games-durban-18 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputy Minister Mafu to officially close the 5th BRICS Games 2023 in Durban {{!}} South African Government |url=https://www.dsac.gov.za/Closing-BRICS-Games-2023 |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=www.gov.za}}</ref> |- | colspan="5" align="center" bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Umukozi wemewe''' |- | 1st ( [[2024 BRICS Games|ibisobanuro birambuye]] ) |  12–23 Kamena 2024 | Kazan, Uburusiya | 27 Siporo | <ref>{{Cite web |title=BRICS sports games 2024 BRICS games in Kazn, 11 to 24 Jun |url=https://bricskazan2024.games/ |access-date=2024-03-20 |website=dspkazan.com/a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240226140952/https://bricskazan2024.games/ |archive-date=2024-02-26 |url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BRICS Sports Games Kazan 2024 |url=https://dspkazan.com/en/projects/bricsgames2024/ |access-date=2024-04-01 |website=dspkazan.com/}}</ref> |} == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Amasano yo hanze == * Igikombe cy'umupira w'amaguru cya BRICS U-17 jtvylbwv0ny4jmubpbq7abmo6yu3g2c 0 21748 140268 128621 2026-09-25T12:05:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140268 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Telesphore Dusabe''' ( yavutse ku ya 15 Gicurasi 1965 ) ni umukinnyi w’umunyarwanda wiruka intera ndende muri marato. Yitabiriye marato y’abagabo mu mikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi yo mu 1988. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi]] [[Ikiciro:Basketball]] [[Ikiciro:Amakipe]] t3yzqxgfqehpj31ejrxghrt6xj5gelo 0 21839 140239 128758 2026-09-25T12:01:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140239 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Steven Emmanuel Godfroid Kunduma''' (wavutse kuya 16 Werurwe 1990) ni [[Umupira w’amaguru|umukinnyi w'umupira w'amaguru]] ukinira ikipe ya KSV Temse yomu Bubiligi nk'umukinnyi wo hagati. Yavukiye mu Bubiligi, ahagararira [[Amavubi|u Rwanda]] kurwego mpuzamahanga. == Umwuga == Godfroid yakinnye umupira w'amaguru mumakipe yo mu Bubiligi mw' ikipe ya Charleroi, Jeunesse Turque na Saint-Gilloise. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Profile |url=https://int.soccerway.com/players/steven-godfroid/146270/ |publisher=Soccerway}}</ref> Godfroid yinjiye muri KSV Temse mbere y'umwaka w'imikino wa 2019-20. Yakinnye umukino wewa mbere mpuzamahanga mu [[Amavubi|Rwanda]] muri 2012, <ref name="NFT">{{NFT player|pid=47935}}</ref> kandi yakinnye imikino yogushaka itike yogukina igikombe cy'isi cya FIFA. == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} ca2k23o4puicpxex8uj8a8ayw6smtt6 0 22064 140297 129303 2026-09-25T22:41:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140297 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sitade ya Sapele Township''' ni sitade ikoreshwa muburyo bwinshi i Sapele, muri Nijeriya. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mumikino [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira w'amaguru]] n'imikino ngororamubiri. Nisitade y'agateganyo ya Bayelsa United FC. Sitade ifitubushobozi bwokwakira abantu 10.000. Amaherezo yarangiye mu 2013 nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yo gutinda. == Aho biherereye == Sitade ya Sapele iherereye kumuhanda wa Market, Sapele == Amareferensi == * https://web.archive.org/web/20140408230531/http://www.citizenotoboh.com/2013/02/sapele-stadium-waiting-game-incorporated.html Archived * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140408230531/http://www.citizenotoboh.com/2013/02/sapele-stadium-waiting-game-incorporated.html Amafoto] Archived jlet0qjbbw34oplrxcjkxez4dw9r4fd 0 22125 140296 129268 2026-09-25T22:41:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox country at games|NPC=UGA|NPCname=Uganda National Paralympic Committee|games=Summer Paralympics|year=1996|flagcaption=|oldcode=|website=|location=[[Atlanta, Georgia|Atlanta]]|competitors=1|sports=1|flagbearer=|rank=|gold=0|silver=0|bronze=0|officials=|appearances=auto|app_begin_year=|app_end_year=|summerappearances=|winterappearances=|seealso=}}'''[[Ubugande|Uganda]]''' yoherejitsinda ry’abahagarariye abandi mu'''marushanwa ya Paralympic yomumpeshyi yo mu 1996''' yabereye i Atlanta, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika. Bityo, icyo gihugu cyagarutse mu mikino ya Paralympic yo mu mpeshyi nyuma y’imyaka makumyabiri kitagaragara. Cyakinjije umukinnyi umwegusa, wahatanye muguterura ibiremereye. Ntabwoyatsindiye umudari. == Guterura amashanyarazi == [[Richard Bogere]], uhagarariy'Uganda wenyine, yahatanye muri 67.5&nbsp;ibirori bya kg. Yarangije aruwa 21 (uwanyuma mubarangije irushanwa), afituburemere bwametero 110&nbsp;kg. == Reba kandi == * Uganda mu mikino Olempike yo mu mpeshyi yo mu 1996 == Amareferensi == {{Reflist}} == Amasano yo hanze == * [http://www.paralympic.org Urubuga rwemewe rwa Komite Mpuzamahanga y'Imikino y'Abamugaye] {{NPCin1996SummerParalympics}}{{Country at games navbox|Uganda|Summer Paralympics}} 348cijrqv3do5dutjsxazqulr9w4hlu 0 22261 140291 129675 2026-09-25T12:55:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140291 wikitext text/x-wiki Imisango y'ubukwe igiye itandukanye uhereye mu gihe cyohambere hagendewe ku muco,imyizerere naho abantu bagiye baherereye mu Rwanda. == Habanza Gusaba no Gufata Irembo == Ni Imisango yaberega iwabo w'umukobwa, byabanzirizwaga no kurambagiza. Umuhango wo gusaba no gufata irembo bigomba kuba byihuse ubusanzwe mu muco nyarwanda ntawimana irembo igihe umuryango w'umusore wabaga wemerewe irembo, byakurikirwaga no gufata irembo.<ref name=":0">[https://www.igihe.com/umuco/article/iby-ingenzi-byabaga-bigize-ubukwe-bw-abanyarwanda-bo-hambere Iby’ingenzi byabaga bigize ubukwe bw’Abanyarwanda bo hambere - IGIHE.com]</ref> Igihe abo mu muryago w'umusore bagiye kumufatira irembo babaga bageze iwabo w'umukobwa, barabakira bakabazimanira n'uko uhagarariye umuryango w'umukobwa akababaza ikibagenza. Ise w'umusore cyangwa undi umuryango w'umusore batoranije nibo bajyaga gusaba no gufata irembo. Umuryango usaba watangaga inka y'ifatarembo ku bifite cyangwa isuka kubabaga baciriritse. Byabaga ari ubwa mbere imiryango yombi ihuye, ikaganira kubijyanye n'ubukwe, bakajya inama kubizakorwa n'ibizakenerwa mu ubukwe bw'abana babo. <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/22737/gufata-irembo-the-traditional-engagement Gufata Irembo; The traditional engagement - The New Times]</ref> == Hakurikira Gusaba no Gukwa == Mu imisango y'ubukwe gusaba umugeni ni umuhango wakurikiraga gufata irembo, nabwo ukabera iwabo w'umukobwa. Mu muhango wo gusaba, umuryango w'umusore watoranyaga abakwe bajya kuwusabira, bakagenda bayobowe n'umukwe mukuru, kandi bitwaje inzoga yo gusabisha. Wari umuhango woguha agaciro imiryango yombi kuko umusore ntiyabaga yemerewe gutwara umukobwa atamuhawe. Ibyo byari ikimenyetso cy'uko umuryango w'umuhungu uhaye agaciro umuryango wareze umukobwa. <ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/ubukwe-nyarwanda-ibyiciro-10-bigoye-bamwe-bigatunga-abandi Ubukwe Nyarwanda: Ibyiciro 10 bigoye bamwe bigatunga abandi - Kigali Today]</ref>Mu guhe cyo gusaba umuryango w'umukobwa ntiwahitaga wemerera umuryango w'umusore umugeni, ibyo bikagaragaza kwihesha agaciro nk'umuryango no kugahesha abawukomokaho. Nyuma yogusaba hakurikiragaho umuhango wo gukwa ugakorwa n'umuryango w'umusore n'ubundi bikabera iwabo w'umukobwa. Umusore yakwaga inka,andi matungi cyangwa isuka gusa byose byitwaga ko bakoye inka. Inkwano byabaga ari ikimenyetso cy'uko imiryango ibaye inshuti. Inkwano yari ipfundo ry'ubumwe hagati y'imiryango yombi.<ref>[https://elearning.reb.rw/course/view.php?id=1261&section=4 Section: UMUTWE WA 4: UMUCO NYARWANDA | S4: Kinyarwanda | REB]</ref> Kandi mu muco nyarwanda inkwano ntiyabaga inzitizi, Yaba ibonetse cyangwa itabonetse, ntibyakuragaho k'ubukwe butaha. Igihe inkwano yabaga ibuze, umusore yashoboraga gutenda, bivuze gufata igihe aba kwa sebukwe akora akazi gasimbura inkwano cyangwa agahabwa umugeni w'ubuntu.<ref name=":0" /> ni uko imisango y'ubukwe igenda ikorwa. == Reba == 1o1q4ntgw0riczqqrozuuv7jks1k6ks 0 22819 140319 139128 2026-09-26T08:20:27Z InternetArchiveBot 9716 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 140319 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Aguelmame Sidi Ali''' ni [[ikiyaga]] cyo mu Ntara ya Khénifra, Béni Mellal-Khénifra, muri Maroc. Aguelmame Sidi Ali iherereye ku butumburuke bwa metero 2,080, ifite ubuso bungana na {{Convert|500|hectare}} n'uburebure bwa {{Convert|36|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} . <ref>{{Cite book |last=Sayad |first=Ahmed |year=2011 |title=Physio-géo |last2=Chakiri |first2=Saïd |last3=Martin |first3=Claude |last4=Bejjaji |first4=Zohra |last5=Echarfaoui |first5=Hassan |volume=5 |pages=251–268 |language=fr |chapter=Effet des conditions climatiques sur le niveau du lac Sidi Ali (Moyen Atlas, Maroc) |doi=10.4000/physio-geo.2145 |issn=1958-573X}}</ref> Iri hafi y'umupaka w'intara ya Ifrane mu misozi ya Middle Atlas. Ni igice cya Pariki y'Igihugu ya Khenifra, {{Convert|842|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} agace karinzwe kashinzwe mu 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Khenifra National Park in Morocco |url=https://www.protectedplanet.net/khenifra-national-park-national-park |access-date=9 August 2019 |publisher=Protected Planet}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == Ikiyaga giherereye mu misozi ya Middle Atlas ku butumburuke bwa {{Convert|2080|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} kandi ifite ubuso bungana na {{Convert|15.6|km2|mi2|0|abbr=on}} . <ref>{{Cite web |last=s.r.o |first=Tripomatic |title=Aguelmame Sidi Ali lake in Khenifra National Park, Morocco |url=https://travel.sygic.com/en/poi/aguelmame-sidi-ali-lake-poi:20057484 |access-date=2024-04-30 |website=travel.sygic.com}}</ref> Yakorewe muri Upper Miocene / Quaternary aho ibice bibiri bihurira. <ref>{{Cite book |last=Marini, Alberto |year=2008 |title=Desertification and Risk Analysis Using High and Medium Resolution Satellite Data: Training Workshop on Mapping Desertification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo-BZJz8GOEC&pg=PA146 |last2=Talbi, Mohamed |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-8937-4 |page=146}}</ref> Iherereye mu mwobo karemano mu rutare rwa basalt kandi ikorwa mu bibaya bibiri, bitandukanyijwe n'umuraba w'amazi ugaragara iyo urugero rw'amazi rugabanutse. Itungwa n'amazi atemba, urubura rushonga n'amasoko ya karst. pH ni 9.1 kandi ubutare burimo ni buke cyane hamwe n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi bwa 1200–1600 uScm-1. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Lake Aguelmame Sidi Ali, Middle Atlas Morocco, Holocene diatom analyses |url=https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol7/vol7_N10/404-JMES-El%20hamouti.pdf |access-date=2026-06-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241130162752/https://www.jmaterenvironsci.com/Document/vol7/vol7_N10/404-JMES-El%20hamouti.pdf |archive-date=2024-11-30 |url-status=dead}}</ref> == Ubumenyi bw'ibidukikije == Agace gakikije ikiyaga kari gafite amashyamba meza arimo Atlas cedar ( ''Cedrus atlantica'' ), ariko vuba aha, iri shyamba ryangiritse kandi agace gakikije ikiyaga kabaye ibihuru byumye, byuzuye amahwa byiganjemo juniper yo muri Esipanye ( ''Juniperus thurifera'' ). Plankton n'ibimera biri mu kiyaga bikungahaye kuri diatome, cyane cyane ibyo mu bwoko bwa ''Cyclotella'', kandi ibi byakoreshejwe mu gutanga ibimenyetso by'imiterere y'ikirere n'impinduka zijyanye n'ikirere cy'amazi mu kiyaga mu myaka myinshi ishize. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-04-26 |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali - Tifounassine {{!}} Ramsar Sites Information Service |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180426213423/https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |archive-date=2018-04-26 |access-date=2024-05-07}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-10 |title=Note archéologique sur l'Aguelman de Sidi-Ali (Moyen-Atlas, Maroc) - Persée |url=https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210235521/https://www.persee.fr/doc/bspf_0249-7638_1932_num_29_12_5669 |archive-date=2020-02-10 |access-date=2024-05-07 |doi=10.3406/bspf.1932.5669}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2005, Aguelmams Sidi Ali / Tifounassine complex, ibishanga bitatu byo mu misozi biri ku butumburuke buri hagati ya {{Convert|1900|and|2100|m|abbr=on|ft|0}}, byagizwe ahantu ha Ramsar; bitanga ahantu hakomeye ho gucumbikira inyoni zo mu bishanga zimuka mu gihe cy'itumba harimo n'inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa ruddy shelduck ( ''Tadorna ferruginea'' ) n'inyoni [[Red knobbed coot|zo mu bwoko bwa crested coot]] ( ''Fulica cristata'' ). <ref>{{Cite web |title=Aguelmams Sidi Ali – Tifounassine |url=https://rsis.ramsar.org/ris/1468 |access-date=31 July 2019 |publisher=Ramsar}}</ref> Kugabanuka kw'imvura byatumye amazi y'ikiyaga agabanuka, kandi igishanga cyari kiri ku mpera y'uburengerazuba bw'amajyepfo ntikikiriho. Kuba abashumba b'inka n'ihene baragiraga amashyo y'intama n'ihene mu mpeshyi no mu mpeshyi byakuyeho ibimera byo mu mazi ku nkengero z'ikiyaga. Umubare muto w'inyoni zo mu mazi zisura ikiyaga mu gihe cy'itumba kandi inyoni nini yo mu bwoko bwa crested grebe ntiyororokera hano. Nubwo irinzwe, inyoni zo mu bwoko bwa ruddy shelduck n'izindi nyoni zo mu gasozi zihura n'ubujura bw'amafi. <ref name="Marini">{{Cite book |last=Marini, Alberto |year=2008 |title=Desertification and Risk Analysis Using High and Medium Resolution Satellite Data: Training Workshop on Mapping Desertification |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fo-BZJz8GOEC&pg=PA150 |last2=Talbi, Mohamed |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media |isbn=978-1-4020-8937-4 |page=150}}</ref> Iki kiyaga cyari ahantu honyine ku isi habaga ''Salmo pallaryi'', ubwoko bw'inyamaswa zo mu bwoko bwa trout, ariko ayo mafi yarazimye nyuma y'uko inyoni yo mu bwoko bwa common carp ( ''Cyprinus carpio'' ) irekuwe mu kiyaga mu 1934. <ref name="Marini"/> Pike yo mu majyaruguru ( ''Esox lucius'' ) na zander ( ''Sander lucioperca'' ), ni andi moko y'amafi atari ay'umwimerere nayo yazanywe muri icyo kiyaga. <ref name="Marini" /> == Reba == {{Reflist}} blv52vcapdz3grxvsimmiw8qpqehaih 0 22876 140285 131918 2026-09-25T12:07:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140285 wikitext text/x-wiki Umugezi wa '''Dande''' ni [[uruzi]] ruri mu majyaruguru ya [[Angola]] rufite isoko mu misozi ya Crystal. Umunwa warwo uri ku Nyanja ya Atalantika ahitwa Barra do Dande mu i Ntara ya Bengo. Utemba kandi mu mujyi wa Caxito, no mu Ntara ya Uige. Uruzi rufite kiometero 285 . Igice cyo hepfo cy'uruzi ni ikibaya cyuzuyemo ibiyaga bito byinshi birimo Ibiyaga bya Sungue, Ibendua na Morima.<ref>https://www.aapg.org/news-and-media/explorer/angola-celebrates-100-years-of-oil-production/</ref> Urugomero rwa Mabubas rwa wate 18 ruri kuri Dande ni isoko ikomeye y'amashanyarazi mu majyaruguru ya Angola.<ref>https://www.heraldonline.co.zw/eureka-mine-rises-from-ashes-hires-400-workers/</ref> == Indangasoko == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Congo]] [[Ikiciro:Umugenzi]] coojdukbtls3go21uwf69f8oarupy9a 0 22960 140286 136811 2026-09-25T12:07:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Typo fix: removed space before punctuation (, ; .) 140286 wikitext text/x-wiki Muhawenayo Gad ni umunyarwanda ukina umupira w'amaguru. Yavutse taliki 30 Ugushyingo 1995. Yakiniraga ikipe ya Gorilla FC nyuma aza kwerekeza muri Marine. Mu mwaka ushize 2025/26 ntabwo Muhawenimana Gad yabonye umwanya uhagije wo gukina, dore ko yakinnye imikino 16 yo muri BK Pro League, itandatu muri iyo akaba atari yo yinijijwe igitego. Izamu rye ryinjiyemo ibitego 18.<ref name=":0">https://www.igihe.com/imikino/football/article/sindi-paul-jesus-na-muhawenayo-gad-berekeje-muri-marine-fc</ref> == Amakipe yakiniye == Musanze FC yayikiniye nk'umunyezamu w'imena, nyuma yerekeza muri Gorilla FC, yongera gusinya amasezerano muri Marine y'imyaka 2, yanatangajwe nk'umukinnyi mushya wa APR FC.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro; == nrs30iegfdkcxelaiqjpbmm8obzn6m6 0 23117 140305 2026-09-26T03:39:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "'''Salma Maoulidi''' ni umunyamategeko, umuharanira [[uburenganzira bwa muntu]] akaba n'umuharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore ukomoka muri [[Tanzaniya]].<ref name="isis">{{cite web |url=http://feministarchives.isiswomen.org/categories/author/528-salma-maoulidi |title=Salma Maoulidi |website=Isis International – Feminist Archives |language=en}}</ref> Ni umuyobozi mukuru w'umuryango '''SahibaSisters Foundation''', ihuriro ry'abagore b'Abayisilamu muri Tanzaniya.<ref name=..." 140305 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salma Maoulidi''' ni umunyamategeko, umuharanira [[uburenganzira bwa muntu]] akaba n'umuharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore ukomoka muri [[Tanzaniya]].<ref name="isis">{{cite web |url=http://feministarchives.isiswomen.org/categories/author/528-salma-maoulidi |title=Salma Maoulidi |website=Isis International – Feminist Archives |language=en}}</ref> Ni umuyobozi mukuru w'umuryango '''SahibaSisters Foundation''', ihuriro ry'abagore b'Abayisilamu muri Tanzaniya.<ref name="isis" /> == Ibikorwa == Maoulidi yabaye umwe mu bagize Komisiyo ishinzwe kuvugurura Itegeko Nshinga rya Tanzaniya, yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2011, ahagarariye ikirwa cya [[Zanzibar]].<ref name="umich">{{cite web |url=https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/globalfeminisms/wp-content/uploads/sites/787/2024/10/Salma_Maoulidi_English_Final.pdf |title=Transcript of Salma Maoulidi – Interviewer: Anneth E. Meena |publisher=Global Feminisms Project, University of Michigan |year=2024 |language=en}}</ref> Ni umwe mu bashinze SahibaSisters Foundation, urubuga n'ihuriro ry'abagore rigamije kubafasha mu myigishirize, mu kubatoza no mu kubaka umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwabo.<ref name="umich" /> Yakoze kandi nk'umujyanama mu muryango wahoze witwa East Africa Support Unit for NGOs (EASUN), ndetse akora muri Oxfam Tanzania nk'umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda zijyanye n'uburinganire.<ref name="umich" /> Maoulidi yanditse inyandiko nyinshi mu kinyamakuru ''Pambazuka News'' ku burenganzira bw'abagore, ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, ku burezi bw'abakuze no ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Tanzaniya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/taxonomy/term/4191 |title=Salma Maoulidi |website=Pambazuka News |language=en}}</ref> == Imirongo y'inyongera == * [[Tanzaniya]] * [[Zanzibar]] == Indanganturo == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abanyatanzaniya]] dng3qnd3g1dfvld376utv51xtsjjwkm 140306 140305 2026-09-26T03:40:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 140306 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Salma Maoulidi''' ni umunyamategeko, umuharanira [[uburenganzira bwa muntu]] akaba n'umuharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore ukomoka muri [[Tanzaniya]].<ref name="isis">{{cite web |url=http://feministarchives.isiswomen.org/categories/author/528-salma-maoulidi |title=Salma Maoulidi |website=Isis International – Feminist Archives |language=en}}</ref> Ni umuyobozi mukuru w'umuryango SahibaSisters Foundation, ihuriro ry'abagore b'Abayisilamu muri Tanzaniya.<ref name="isis" /> == Ibikorwa == Maoulidi yabaye umwe mu bagize Komisiyo ishinzwe kuvugurura Itegeko Nshinga rya Tanzaniya, yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2011, ahagarariye ikirwa cya [[Zanzibar]].<ref name="umich">{{cite web |url=https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/globalfeminisms/wp-content/uploads/sites/787/2024/10/Salma_Maoulidi_English_Final.pdf |title=Transcript of Salma Maoulidi – Interviewer: Anneth E. Meena |publisher=Global Feminisms Project, University of Michigan |year=2024 |language=en}}</ref> Ni umwe mu bashinze SahibaSisters Foundation, urubuga n'ihuriro ry'abagore rigamije kubafasha mu myigishirize, mu kubatoza no mu kubaka umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwabo.<ref name="umich" /> Yakoze kandi nk'umujyanama mu muryango wahoze witwa East Africa Support Unit for NGOs (EASUN), ndetse akora muri Oxfam Tanzania nk'umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda zijyanye n'uburinganire.<ref name="umich" /> Maoulidi yanditse inyandiko nyinshi mu kinyamakuru ''Pambazuka News'' ku burenganzira bw'abagore, ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, ku burezi bw'abakuze no ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Tanzaniya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/taxonomy/term/4191 |title=Salma Maoulidi |website=Pambazuka News |language=en}}</ref> == Imirongo y'inyongera == * [[Tanzaniya]] * [[Zanzibar]] == Indanganturo == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abanyatanzaniya]] rk928cjrdak48mz3svv4q6oil4oam0j 140307 140306 2026-09-26T03:41:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 140307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Salma Maoulidi | image = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | nationality = [[Tanzaniya|Umunyatanzaniya]] | occupation = Umunyamategeko, umuharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore | employer = SahibaSisters Foundation | known_for = Kuharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore b'Abayisilamu muri Tanzaniya }} '''Salma Maoulidi''' ni umunyamategeko, umuharanira [[uburenganzira bwa muntu]] akaba n'umuharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore ukomoka muri [[Tanzaniya]].<ref name="isis">{{cite web |url=http://feministarchives.isiswomen.org/categories/author/528-salma-maoulidi |title=Salma Maoulidi |website=Isis International – Feminist Archives |language=en}}</ref> Ni umuyobozi mukuru w'umuryango SahibaSisters Foundation, ihuriro ry'abagore b'Abayisilamu muri Tanzaniya.<ref name="isis" /> == Ibikorwa == Maoulidi yabaye umwe mu bagize Komisiyo ishinzwe kuvugurura Itegeko Nshinga rya Tanzaniya, yashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2011, ahagarariye ikirwa cya [[Zanzibar]].<ref name="umich">{{cite web |url=https://sites.lsa.umich.edu/globalfeminisms/wp-content/uploads/sites/787/2024/10/Salma_Maoulidi_English_Final.pdf |title=Transcript of Salma Maoulidi – Interviewer: Anneth E. Meena |publisher=Global Feminisms Project, University of Michigan |year=2024 |language=en}}</ref> Ni umwe mu bashinze SahibaSisters Foundation, urubuga n'ihuriro ry'abagore rigamije kubafasha mu myigishirize, mu kubatoza no mu kubaka umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwabo.<ref name="umich" /> Yakoze kandi nk'umujyanama mu muryango wahoze witwa East Africa Support Unit for NGOs (EASUN), ndetse akora muri Oxfam Tanzania nk'umuhuzabikorwa wa gahunda zijyanye n'uburinganire.<ref name="umich" /> Maoulidi yanditse inyandiko nyinshi mu kinyamakuru ''Pambazuka News'' ku burenganzira bw'abagore, ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore, ku burezi bw'abakuze no ku Itegeko Nshinga rya Tanzaniya.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pambazuka.org/taxonomy/term/4191 |title=Salma Maoulidi |website=Pambazuka News |language=en}}</ref> == Imirongo y'inyongera == * [[Tanzaniya]] * [[Zanzibar]] == Indanganturo == {{reflist}} [[Category:Abanyatanzaniya]] 27pvatxnd8wh9kl12jom6egazwc27w1 0 23118 140308 2026-09-26T03:45:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Laré Batouth Penn | image = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | nationality = [[Togo|Umunyatogo]] | occupation = Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'imibanire y'abantu (sosiyolojiya), umwarimu-mushakashatsi, umunyapolitiki | employer = Kaminuza ya Lomé | party = Rassemblement du peuple togolais (RPT), Union pour la République (UNIR) | alma_mater = Kaminuza Jean-Moulin Lyon 3 }} '''Laré Batouth Penn''' ni umuhanga..." 140308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Laré Batouth Penn | image = | caption = | birth_date = | birth_place = | nationality = [[Togo|Umunyatogo]] | occupation = Umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'imibanire y'abantu (sosiyolojiya), umwarimu-mushakashatsi, umunyapolitiki | employer = Kaminuza ya Lomé | party = Rassemblement du peuple togolais (RPT), Union pour la République (UNIR) | alma_mater = Kaminuza Jean-Moulin Lyon 3 }} '''Laré Batouth Penn''' ni umuhanga mu bumenyi bw'imibanire y'abantu (sosiyolojiya), umwarimu-mushakashatsi akaba n'uwahoze ari umudepite wo muri [[Togo]]. == Ubuzima n'ibikorwa == Laré Batouth Penn yize muri Kaminuza Jean-Moulin Lyon 3 mu [[Ubufaransa]], aho yakuye impamyabumenyi mu bumenyi bwa politiki n'imibanire mpuzamahanga. Ni umwarimu mukuru (''maître de conférences'')<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.revue-educom.org/quelques-modeles/ |title=Comité scientifique - EDUCOM |date=2025-03-20 |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref> mu bumenyi bw'imibanire y'abantu mu bigo n'ibikorwa bya Leta muri Kaminuza ya [[Lomé]].<ref name="harmattan">{{cite book |last=Penn |first=Laré Batouth |title=Sécurité maritime : Organiser pour stabiliser – Manager pour anticiper |publisher=Éditions L'Harmattan |date=2026-02-05 |isbn=978-2-336-58092-0 |url=https://books.google.tg/books/about/S%C3%A9curit%C3%A9_maritime.html?id=h_O0EQAAQBAJ |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="cairn">{{cite web |url=https://shs.cairn.info/publications-de-lare-batouth-penn--739887 |title=Laré Batouth Penn |website=SHS Cairn.info |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwe bwibanda ku ruhare rw'itumanaho mu iterambere ry'ibigo, ku mikoranire hagati y'ibibazo bya politiki n'imiterere y'ibigo, ndetse no ku gukusanya no gukoresha amakuru y'ubukungu (''intelligence économique'') mu miyoborere y'ibigo.<ref name="cairn" /> Ubushakashatsi bwe bunareba kandi politiki zijyanye n'inyanja, umutekano wo mu nyanja n'inzibacyuho igana ku bukungu bushingiye ku nyanja (''économie bleue'') muri Togo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://edusup.gouv.tg/ouverture-officiele-du-premier-colloque-scientifique-international-sur-leconomie-bleue-a-lul/ |title=Ouverture officielle du premier colloque scientifique international sur l'économie bleue à l'UL |website=Ministère délégué, chargé de l'Enseignement Supérieur |date=2024-11-20 |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Penn |first=Laré Batouth |title=Transition vers une économie bleue au Togo : apport de la recherche maritime et des infrastructures de recherche |journal=VertigO : la revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement |volume=23 |issue=3 |year=2023 |issn=1492-8442 |url=https://www.erudit.org/fr/revues/vertigo/2023-v23-n3-vertigo09549/1113481ar/ |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref> == Ibikorwa bya politiki == Laré Batouth Penn yabaye umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Togo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pgaction.org/media/pdf/2016/2016-11-Nov-WGFA-Programme-and-LoP.pdf |title=Parlementaires |website=pgaction.org |format=PDF |access-date=2026-09-26}}</ref> Yinjiye mu Nteko mu Ukuboza 2007, asimbuye Noupokou Dammipi wari weguye, ahagarariye ifasi y'amatora ya Oti, ku rutonde rw'ishyaka Rassemblement du peuple togolais (RPT).<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/politique/11-deputes-quittent-l-assemblee |title=11 députés quittent l'Assemblée |website=République Togolaise |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref> Nk'umunyamuryango w'ishyaka Union pour la République (UNIR), yongeye gutorerwa kuba umudepite mu matora y'abadepite yo ku wa 25 Nyakanga 2013.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/content/download/80305/2009848/1 |title=Proclamation des résultats des élections législatives |website=republicoftogo.com |date=2013-07-25 |access-date=2026-09-26 |language=fr}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2019, yagizwe umuyobozi w'ibiro (''chef de cabinet'') by'Inama Nkuru ishinzwe iby'Inyanja (''Haut Conseil pour la mer''), urwego rwa Leta ya Togo rushinzwe gufasha mu guhuza ibikorwa bya Leta mu bijyanye n'inyanja.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.republicoftogo.com/toutes-les-rubriques/societe/espaces-maritimes-le-togo-bien-plus-vaste-que-ses-56-600-km2-terrestres |title=Espaces maritimes : le Togo, bien plus vaste que ses 56 600 km² terrestres |website=République Togolaise |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="harmattan" /> Muri iki gihe, Laré Batouth Penn ni perezida w'umuryango Ti-Mondo.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://togoregard.tg/symposium-a-lome-des-jeunes-mobilises-pour-batir-un-togo-de-paix-et-de-non-violence/ |title=Symposium à Lomé : Des jeunes mobilisés pour bâtir un Togo de paix et de non-violence |website=Togo Regard |date=2025-05-08 |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko yanditse == === Ibitabo === * ''Sécurité maritime : Organiser pour stabiliser – Manager pour anticiper'' (2026) === Inyandiko z'ubushakashatsi === * 2023 : « Transition vers une économie bleue au Togo : apport de la recherche maritime et des infrastructures de recherche » * 2025 : « Configurations organisationnelles et incertitudes géopolitiques : les entreprises togolaises à l'épreuve de la mondialisation » == Indanganturo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Penn, Laré Batouth}} [[Category:Togo]] ewwjb59cqlgm5anll8xfp2lwsfre6zq 0 23119 140310 2026-09-26T04:30:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox person | name = Nomonde Mihlali "Mickey" Meji | image = | caption = | birth_date = 9 Nzeri 1980 | birth_place = [[Cape Town]], [[Afurika y'Epfo]] | death_date = 13 Kanama 2026 (afite imyaka 45) | death_place = | nationality = Umunyafurika y'Epfo | occupation = Umuharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu | known_for = Kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'abagore mu mibonano mpuzabitsina n'uburaya | awards = Advancing Freedom Award (2..." 140310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Nomonde Mihlali "Mickey" Meji | image = | caption = | birth_date = 9 Nzeri 1980 | birth_place = [[Cape Town]], [[Afurika y'Epfo]] | death_date = 13 Kanama 2026 (afite imyaka 45) | death_place = | nationality = Umunyafurika y'Epfo | occupation = Umuharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu | known_for = Kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'abagore mu mibonano mpuzabitsina n'uburaya | awards = Advancing Freedom Award (2022) | children = 3 }} '''Nomonde Mihlali "Mickey" Meji''' (yavutse ku wa 9 Nzeri 1980 – apfa ku wa 13 Kanama 2026) yari umuharanira uburenganzira bw'abagore n'abakobwa wo muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]], akaba yararwanyaga ikoreshwa ry'abantu mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato n'[[uburaya]]. Yakomokaga i [[Mthatha]] (Umtata) mu Ntara ya [[Eastern Cape]]. Nk'umuntu warokotse uburaya, yagize uruhare mu bikorwa byinshi by'imbere mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga bijyanye n'[[uburenganzira bwa muntu]], kurwanya [[SIDA|virusi itera SIDA]], ndetse na politiki za Leta ku bijyanye n'uburaya. == Ubuzima == === Ubwana n'amashuri === Meji yavutse ku wa 9 Nzeri 1980.<ref name="wow">{{Cite web |url=https://www.wowwoman.com/survivor-human-rights-activist |title=Survivor, Human Rights Activist, Cape Town, South Africa |website=WOW Woman |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="space">{{Cite web |url=https://www.spaceintl.org/news/honoring-the-life-of-nomonde-mihlali-mickey-meji |title=Honoring the Life of Nomonde Mihlali (Mickey) Meji |website=SPACE International |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=en}}</ref> Yari afite impamyabumenyi mu itumanaho n'[[itangazamakuru]].<ref name="wow" /> === Umwuga === Ubuhamya bwe bwite nk'uwarokotse uburaya bwari ishingiro ry'ibikorwa bye. Mu mbwirwaruhame ze, yahuzaga ubusumbane mu by'ubukungu n'imibereho muri Afurika y'Epfo, ingaruka za [[apartheid]], n'uburyo bunyuranye abagore bamwe bakoreshwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato.<ref name="space" /> Yakoranye n'umuryango wo muri Afurika y'Epfo witwa Embrace Dignity, uharanira ko uburaya buvanwaho kandi ufasha abagore bahuye n'[[icuruzwa ry'abantu]] n'uburaya. Meji yafashije kandi mu gushinga imiryango n'amahuriro y'abarokotse, ahagararira sosiyete sivile mu nama nyinshi z'imbere mu gihugu n'izo ku rwego mpuzamahanga.<ref name="wow" /><ref name="huffpost">{{Cite web |url=https://www.huffpost.com/entry/from-sex-work-advocate-to-survivor-leader-a-journey_b_5925fe95e4b0627b74360d0e |title=From "Sex Work" Advocate to Survivor Leader: A Journey Embraced |last=Bien-Aimé |first=Taina |website=HuffPost |date=2017-05-25 |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=en}}</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2016, Meji yinjiye muri Embrace Dignity nk'ushinzwe gahunda yo gufasha abarokotse. Akazi ke kibandaga ku burenganzira bw'abagore, ikoreshwa ry'abantu mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato, icuruzwa ry'abantu, n'ingaruka uburaya bugira ku mibereho no ku buzima.<ref name="catw">{{Cite web |url=https://catwinternational.org/2026/08/in-tribute-to-mickey-nomonde-mihlali-meji/ |title=In Tribute to Nomonde Mihlali "Mickey" Meji: A Big Tree Has Fallen |website=Coalition Against Trafficking in Women |date=2026-08-17 |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=en}}</ref> Yafashije kandi mu kubaka amahuriro y'abarokotse. Afatanyije n'abandi barokotse uburaya, yagize uruhare mu ivuka ry'urugaga rw'abarokotse muri Afurika, ashinga gahunda yitwa Survivors Support and Empowerment Programme, igamije gufasha no guha ubushobozi abantu banyuze mu buraya.<ref name="huffpost" /> === Ubuvugizi === Meji yatangaga ibiganiro mu nama no mu mpaka zijyanye n'uburenganzira bwa muntu, uburaya n'ubuzima rusange. Yitabiriye by'umwihariko Inama ya 5 ya Afurika y'Epfo kuri SIDA n'Inama Mpuzamahanga kuri SIDA n'Indwara Zandurira mu Mibonano Mpuzabitsina muri Afurika (ICASA), aho yanamurikiye ubushakashatsi bwe.<ref name="ncose">{{Cite web |url=https://endsexualexploitation.org/articles/mickey-meji-cese-africa-leader-receives-the-advancing-freedom-award/ |title=Mickey Meji, CESE Africa Leader, Receives the Advancing Freedom Award |last=van der Watt |first=Marcel |website=National Center on Sexual Exploitation |date=2022-11-05 |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ucd">{{Cite web |url=https://www.ucd.ie/socialpolicyworkjustice/newsandevents/events/mickeymejiseminar/ |title=Mickey Meji Seminar |website=UCD School of Social Policy, Social Work and Social Justice |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=en}}</ref> Muri Werurwe 2018, yayoboye itsinda ry'abarokotse mu iburanisha ryateguwe n'Ihuriro ry'Abagore b'Amashyaka Menshi (Multi-Party Women's Caucus) mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko ya Afurika y'Epfo]], ku mushinga wo kuvugurura amategeko agenga uburaya bw'abantu bakuru. Icyo gihe yashyigikiye ko uburaya buvanwaho burundu, anenga guhana abantu bagurisha imibonano mpuzabitsina.<ref name="catw" /> Meji yashyigikiye icyitegererezo cy'itegeko Embrace Dignity yise "Sankara Equality Act". Uwo mushinga ugamije gukura mu byaha kugurisha imibonano mpuzabitsina, ariko ugahana kuyigura n'uburyo bumwe bwo koroshya uburaya, bijyanye na gahunda zo gufasha abantu kuva mu buraya no kubaherekeza. Ubu buryo bumeze nk'ubwitwa "icyitegererezo cy'ibihugu bya Nordic" (''Nordic model'').<ref name="cypsa">{{Cite web |url=https://www.cypsa.org.za/2018/01/28/sex-work-did-not-change-the-life-of-a-prostitute/ |title="Sex Work" Did Not Change the Life of a Prostitute |website=CYPSA |date=2018-01-28 |access-date=2026-09-25 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ncose" /> Yanengaga kandi uburyo bwo kwemera no kugenga uburaya bwakoreshejwe mu bihugu bimwe, avuga ko butavanaho uburyo abantu bakoreshwa mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato.<ref name="cypsa" /><ref name="ncose" /> === Imyanya yo mu gihugu no ku rwego mpuzamahanga === Meji yabaye mu nzego nyinshi zishinzwe ubuzima rusange, uburenganzira bwa muntu na politiki zireba abagore.<ref name="space" /> Yahagarariye imiryango itari iya Leta ku mugabane wa Afurika mu Nama Ihuza Gahunda (Programme Coordinating Board) ya [[UNAIDS]], gahunda y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye yo kurwanya virusi itera SIDA. Yari kandi umunyamuryango w'Inama y'Igihugu ya Afurika y'Epfo ishinzwe kurwanya SIDA (SANAC), aho yahagarariraga urwego rumwe.<ref name="ucd" /> Yitabiriye inama n'ibiganiro byinshi byo mu gihugu, mu karere no ku rwego mpuzamahanga ku burenganzira bw'abagore, virusi itera SIDA n'ikoreshwa ry'abantu mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato.<ref name="space" /> === Ubuzima bwite n'urupfu === Meji yari umubyeyi w'abana batatu.<ref name="space" /> Yapfuye ku wa 13 Kanama 2026, afite imyaka 45, habura ibyumweru bike ngo yuzuze imyaka 46.<ref name="space" /> == Ibihembo == Meji yahawe igihembo cyitwa "Advancing Freedom Award" mu nama ya Coalition to End Sexual Exploitation (CESE), kubera uruhare rwe mu kurwanya ikoreshwa ry'abantu mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ku gahato no gufasha abarokotse.<ref name="ncose" /> == Indanganturo == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Meji, Mickey}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyafurika y’Epfo]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 48owdxos9j61dp3fqtxaruss6mdg5bh