Wikipedia rwwiki https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.21 first-letter Itangazamakuru Ibidasanzwe Ibiganiro Umukoresha Ibiganiro by'umukoresha Wikipedia Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia Dosiye Ibiganiro kuri dosiye MediyaWiki Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki Inyandikorugero Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero Ubufasha Ibiganiro ku bufasha Ikiciro Ibiganiro ku byiciro TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 2024 140470 139059 2026-09-30T09:25:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140470 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:My city kigali.jpg|thumb|Kigali city umurwa mukuru w' u rwanda]] [[Dosiye:Kigali city Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Uyu ni umujyi wa Kigali mu masaha yumugoroba izuba riri kurenga. ]] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Dosiye:Kigali_city_rwanda.jpg|thumb|Kigali - Rwanda]] Kigali ni umurwa mukuru w’u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu mujyi uherereye rwagati mu gihugu, ukaba ufite abaturage bagera kuri 1.095.000 (mu mwaka wa 2019). Kigali igizwe n’uturere dutatu ari two [[Gasabo]], [[Kicukiro]] na [[Nyarugenge]].Aho Nyarugenge ariyo nkingi nkuru ya kigali kuko niyo iyoboye mu byubucuruzi yaba imyenda ,ibiryo,ndetse n'ibikoresho bigiye bitandukanye yaba ibyikoranabuhanga ndetse nibindi bisanzwe byo mu rugo. Niwo mujyi nkingi y’ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu. Imihanda yose minini y’u Rwanda itangirira i Kigali, akaba ari ho nkingi y’ubwikorezi mu gihugu. Ibiro bya za Ministeri zitandukanye n’ibya Perezida wa Repubulika biri muri uyu mujyi. Kigali kandi igizwe ahanini n’uduce tw’icyaro kuko 70% byawo ari uturere tw’icyaro. == Amateka ya Kigali == Kigali yashinzwe mu 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoloni bw' [[Abadage]] ([[Ubudage]]) ushinzwe na Richard Kandt, ariko ntiwigeze uhinduka kapitali y'u [[Rwanda]] kugeza igihe ubukoloni bwarangiriye (indépendance) muri 1962 [[https://www.officeholidays.com/holidays/rwanda/rwanda-independence-day]]. [[Umurwa]] mukuru, akaba ari naho [[umwami]] yabaga muri icyo gihe wari Nyanza, ariko umugi mukuru w'abakoloni wari [[Butare]], icyo gihe yitwaga Astrida. Butare yabonwaga nk'aho ari wo mujyi wahinduka kapitali y' u Rwanda rwigenga ariko Kigali iza guhitwamo kubera ukuntu iherereye hagati mu gihugu. Guhera taliki ya 7 Mata, 1994, Kigali yabaye isibaniro rya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide]] cyangwa '''Ethnic Cleasing''', aho abatutsi barenga miliyoni bishwe bazira ubwoko bwabo. N'ubwo umugi washenywe mu gihe cya kera, ubu urimo kwiyubaka ku ntambwe ishimishije. [[Dosiye:Kigali_title.jpg|thumb|ikirango(status) y umujyi wa kigali iherereye akarere ka nyarugenge]][[Kigali (umurenge)|Kigal]]<nowiki/>i ni umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda kandi ni wo mujyi munini mu [[Rwanda]] washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1907 mu gihe cy'ubukoroni bw'abadage;hanyuma uza kuba umurwa mukuru igihe u Rwanda rwabonaga ubwigenge mu 1962. Kigali iri mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati bw'igihugu.Uyu mujyi ni wo mutima w'ubukungu, ubuyobozi n'umuco Nyarwanda. Kigali ikomeje gutera imbere mu bijyanye n'imyubakire igezweho ikoranabuhanga ndetse n'imiturire iteguwe neza bikayigira umwe mu mijyi igezweho kurusha indi muri Afurika yo hagati. == Amashakiro == *[[https://populationstat.com/rwanda/kigali]] * [[commons:Category:Kigali|Media Kigali]] * [http://www.livinginkigali.com/ Living in Kigali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140220121504/http://www.eatinginkigali.com/ Eating in Kigali] * [http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw Official Website of Kigali City] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221219083632/https://discover.rw/kigali-city/ Kigali – The Bustling And Vibrant City] * [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=kigali&sourceid=ie7&rls=com.microsoft:en-US&oe=utf8&um=1&ie=UTF-8&split=0&ei=TGq9SYnNCtaNsAakxLDoDg&sa=X&oi=geocode_result&resnum=1&ct=title Kigali Map] * [http://www.buyrwcom Most popular Rwanda Ads website] [[Category:Kigali| ]] [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] 8wkajdv9v0v7q1o50u8ipdvjkfuyubv 0 2297 140471 126176 2026-09-30T09:25:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140471 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda''' ('''NUR''' mu magambo ahinnye y’[[icyongereza]]; cyangwa '''UNR''' mu magambo ahinnye y’[[igifaransa]]; izina mu gifaransa: ''Université nationale du Rwanda'' ; izina mu cyongereza : ''National University of Rwanda'') ni yo Kaminuza nini mu [[Rwanda]]. Ibarizwa kuri 2° 36′ 58″ S, 29° 44′ 34″ E mu mujyi wa [[Butare]]. Yashinzwe mu [[Dosiye:Université_nationale_du_Rwanda_à_Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda|181x181px]] [[Dosiye:University of Rwanda, Remera Campus.jpg|thumb|University of Rwanda, Remera Campus]] mwaka w’1963, ishingwa na [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|guverinoma y’u Rwanda]] ku bufatanye n’abakristu b’abadominikani bo mu mujyi wa [[Québec]] mu gihugu cya [[Kanada]]. == Amateka == Ikimara gushingwa, iyi kaminuza yatangiranye [[amashami]] (''facultés'') atatu gusa, ari yo: Ishami ry’ubuganga; Ishami rijyanye n’ubumenyi bw’umuryango (''sciences sociales'') n’Ishami nderabarezi (''science de l'éducation''). Yatangiranye kandi abanyeshuli 51 n’abarimu 16. Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo muw’1994]], iyi kaminuza yaguyemo inzirakarengane nyinshi ndetse ikurizamo no gufunga, ifungura mu mwaka w’1995. Ikimara gufungura, ururimi rw’uburezi rwahise ruba [[icyongereza]], kigakoreshwa hamwe n’[[igifaransa]]. Mu mwaka w’2005, uburere bwatangwaga muri kaminuza bwibanze ku bumenyi-ngiro (''science'') n’ikoranabuhanga, ndetse n’ubumenyamuntu (''humanités''), bikigishwa mu rurimi rw’igifaransa n’icyongereza. Guhera mu mwaka w’2005, abanyeshuli bigaga muri iyi kaminuza babarirwaga kuri 8221, naho abarimu bakaba 425. Dore amatariki y’ingirakamaro n’ibikorwa byabayeho muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]]: *Kuwa 3 Ugushyingo 1963: iyi kaminuza yafunguwe ku mugaragaro. *Kuwa 12 Gicurasi 1964: hatowe itegeko rishyiraho iyi kaminuza. *1966: hashinzwe ikigo cy’igihugu cy’uburezi ku nkunga ya UNDP ifatanije na UNESCO. Iki kigo cyari kigamije guhugura no kuzamura ubumenyi bw’abarimu bigishaga mu mashuli yisumbuye. *1967: iyi kaminuza yaraguwe hagamijwe kuyegereza abaturage ngo ibafashe. *1972: hashyizweho ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi gishingiye kuri pharmacy mu ishami ry’ubuganga. Iri shami ryatangiye gukora ku buryo bwigenga guhera mu mwaka w’1980. *Gicurasi 1973: kaminuza y’u Rwanda yashyizeho amahugurwa animbitse ku nzobere z’abubatsi, ishyiraho n’imbanzirizamushinga ku bukanishi buhanitse bw’ibikoresho by’umuriro (électro mécanique). *Ukwakira 1973: hafunguwe ishami ry’amategeko ku bufatanye na kaminuza ya Instelling Antwerpen. *[[Dosiye:University of Rwanda, Nyarugenge Campus.jpg|thumb|Univrisite]]1974: mu ishami ry’ubumenyi-ngiro hashyizweho uburyo bwo kwiga no gukora ubushakashatsi ku ngufu z’amashanyarazi. Iri shami ryatangiye kwigenga mu mwaka w’1997 . *Kuwa 13 Kamena 1979: hashinzwe ishami ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (agronomie) mu ishami ry’umumenyi-ngiro. *Kuwa 1 Ukwakira 1981: akminuza y’u Rwanda yafunguye ishami mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, iba igize amashami abiri. Nyuma y’imyaka mike, ishami ry’amategeko ryimukiye i Mburabuturo. *Ugushyingo 1988: hijihijwe imyaka 25 kaminuza y’u Rwanda yari imaze ishinzwe. Hashyizweho kandi ikigo cy’ubutegetsi n’amategeko (Institut Supérieur de l'Administration Publique-ISAP), ku bufatanye n’umuryango Konrad Adanauer. *[[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 005 - Genocide Monument 2014, University of Rwanda - Kigali.jpg|thumb|ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 005 - Genocide Monument 2014, University of Rwanda - Kigali]]Mata-Nyakanga 1994: abarezi n’abanyeshuli batari bake bazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Hangiritse kandi ibikoresho bitandukanye, inyubako, n’ibindi. Ibi byatumye kaminuza ihita ifungwa. *Mutarama 1995: kampisi ya Ruhengeri n’ishami ry’amategeko byimukiye ku cyicaro gikuru cya kaminuza i Butare. Kuri iyi tariki kandi ni ho kaminuza yongeye gufungurwa, maze amashami n’amashuli yose byimurirwa i Butare. Muri uyu mwaka, kaminuza yari iteganijwe gutangirana abanyeshuli 1600, ariko itangirana 4500. Aha ni naho icyongereza cyatangiye kuba ururimi rw’uburezi. *Kuwa 2 Mata 1996: hashyizweho ishuli ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga (ESTI). *1997: hashyizweho umwaka w’indimi (igifaransa n’icyongereza) ku banyeshuli bose batangira umwaka wa mbere muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda.[[Dosiye:University_of_Rwanda_headquarters.jpg|thumb|Ibiro bikuru bya Kaminuza y'u Rwanda by'ubatse mu mujyi wa Kigali nyuma kwimurwa i Butare ubwo Kaminuza yahurizwaga hamwe ikitwa UR.]] *1998: hatangijwe icyiciro gihanitse (doctorat) mu ishami ry’ubuganga. *Kuwa 15 Kamena 1998: hashyizweho komisiyo ishinzwe ubushakashatsi. *Mu mpera z’umwaka w’1998: ishami ry’ubumenyi n’iry’ubumenyi-ngiro yarateranijwe abyara ishami ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga. *1999: hashinzwe ishami ryigisha gukemura amakimbirane. *Kuwa 27 Ukwakira 1999: hashinzwe ihuriro ryo kurwanya SIDA muri kaminuza y’u Rwanda. *Ukuboza 1999: hashinzwe iahami rya kaminuza ry’indimi, ryari rifite intego yo guteza imbere indimi n’umuco mu rwego rwo gushyigikira ubumwe bw’igihugu, ubwiyunge n’amahoro. Iri shami kandi ryari ritegerejwe guteza imbere umuco nyarwanda mu mahanga. *Mata 2000: hashinzwe ishuli ry’ubuzima (Santé publique) *Kanama 2000: ishuli ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ryahindutse ishuli ry’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho, mu rwego rwo guteza imbere igihugu muri uru rwego. *Kuwa 3 Ugushyingo 2002: hashyizweho alumni ya kminuza y’u Rwanda. *Kuwa 10 Ukwakira 2005: hashyizweho ku mugaragaro ishami rihanitse (post-graduate) mu ishuli ry’ubuganga. *Kuwa 18 Ugushyingo 2005: hashinzwe ku mugaragaro “Radio Salus.” == Colleges == <!--aya makuru ashobora kuvugururwa--> == Amashami == Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ifite amashami 9, ari yo: # Ishami ry’ubuganga (''health and medicine)'' # Ishami ry’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (''agriculture'') # Ishami ry’indimi, itangazamakuru n’ubumenyamuntu # Ishami ry’ubumenyi-ngiro # Ishami ry[[Amategeko mpuzamahanga arengera uburenganzira bwa muntu|’amategeko]] # Ishami ry’ubumenyi # Ishami ry’ubukungu n’icungamari # Ishami ry’indimi ritegura abanyeshuli (''Fondation compétence linguistique'') # Ishuli ry’ubuzima (''Santé publique'') [[Category:Kaminuza]] [[Category:Rwanda]] az5eobs1myqhfvmfv9vzeztxeceda2y 0 2978 140472 139035 2026-09-30T09:25:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140472 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q16602142}} '''Matilda Kalibata''' '''Agnes''' ni Umunyarwandakazi w'inzobere mu bijyanye n'ubuhinzi ndetse akaba yari minisitiri w’[[Ubuhinzi]] n’Ubworozi w'igihugu cy'u Rwanda kuva mu mwaka wa 2008 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2014<ref>[http://www.minagri.gov.rw/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=213&Itemid=276&lang=rw Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources] </ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/mar/12/un-under-fire-over-choice-of-corporate-puppet-as-envoy-at-key-food-summit</ref>.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200728204621/https://agra.org/zt_team/dr-agnes-kalibata-2/</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/2019-nas-awards/Kalibata.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-09-22 |archive-date=2023-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419160201/http://www.nasonline.org/programs/awards/2019-nas-awards/Kalibata.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Agnes_Karibata.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ya Agnes kalibata]] [[File:Agnes_Kalibata_2019_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata mu mwaka wa 2019 ]] = Ubuzima bwo hambere n'Uburezi = Kalibata yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] akurira mu buzima bw'impunzi mu gihugu cya [[Ubugande|Uganda]] arerwa n'ababyeyi bari bafite amikoro macye.<ref>https://medium.com/@AGRAAlliance/by-agnes-kalibata-1bfa6118ecad</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bijyanye na entomologiya na biohimiya, akurikirwa n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu buhinzi, haba muri kaminuza ya Makerere yo muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]].<ref name=":1">https://web.archive.org/web/20150719004926/https://ifdc.org/board-of-directors/agnes-kalibata/</ref> Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga. muri entomologiya ayikuye muri kaminuza ya Massachusetts Amherst.<ref name=":0" /> Amaze kubona impamyabumenyi mu mwaka wa 2005, yakoze ubushakashatsi mu kigo cy’ubushakashatsi cy’ubuhinzi cya Kawanda n’ikigo mpuzamahanga cy’ubuhinzi bubera mu bice by'ubushyuhe, ku bufatanye na kaminuza ya Makerere ya Uganda na kaminuza ya Massachusetts<ref name=":0" /> = Umwuga = Kalibata yabaye minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’umutungo w’u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu 2008 kugeza 2014.<ref name=":0" /> Muri manda ye yose, yateje imbere ikoreshwa ry’ubumenyi bushingiye ku bumenyi mu buhinzi mu kongera umusaruro w’ibiribwa no guteza imbere ibiribwa, yibanda ku miryango y'abahinzi.<ref name=":0" /> Yashyize mu bikorwa politiki, igamije guhuza abahinzi n’abaturanyi n’abakiriya, ndetse na gahunda yo guhinga amakoperative, na gahunda yo kugabirana [[inka]] byorohereza imiryango gutunga inka.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |url=https://modernfarmer.com/2013/10/rwandas-ag-minister-agnes-matilda-kalibata/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-07-31 |archive-date=2023-04-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230424100909/https://modernfarmer.com/2013/10/rwandas-ag-minister-agnes-matilda-kalibata/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu myaka itandatu yari minisitiri, urwego rw’ubukene mu Rwanda rwaragabanutse hejuru ya 50%; ingengo y’imari y’ubuhinzi y’umwaka yavuye kuri miliyoni 10 US $ igera kuri miliyoni 150 USD; n'u Rwanda rwabaye [[igihugu]] cya mbere cyashyize umukono ku masezerano muri gahunda rusange yo guteza imbere ubuhinzi muri Afurika (gahunda ya Komisiyo y’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’Afurika ).<ref name=":0" /> Yashimiwe na benshi kubera ibyo bagezeho,<ref name=":0" /> ariko imiryango imwe iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu yanenze iyo politiki kuko inkunga y'amafaranga yahawe gusa abahinzi bakurikiza politiki ya leta yo guhuza ubutaka.<ref name=":3" /> Mu mwaka wa 2014, yabaye umuyobozi wungirije wa [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] mu iterambere ry’inzego.<ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Agnes Kalibata - 2019 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Agnes Kalibata]] Kuva muri Nzeri 2014, yabaye perezida w'Umuryango ushinzwe impinduramatwara y’ibidukikije muri Afurika (AGRA),<ref>https://agra.org/who-we-are-our-leadership/agnes-kalibata-3/</ref> umuryango uyobowe n’Afurika ufite intego yo kuzamura umutekano w’ibiribwa n’amafaranga y’imiryango ingana na miliyoni 30 zizwi mu bihugu 11 bya Afurika 2021 <ref>{{Cite web |title=Our Story |url=https://agra.org/who-we-are/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717024845/https://agra.org/who-we-are/ |archive-date=2019-07-17 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=AGRA |language=en-US}}</ref> na, mubindi, gutanga uburyo bwo kubona imbuto nziza ninguzanyo. <ref name=":0" /> Ari kandi mu buyobozi bw'ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe ifumbire mvaruganda n'ikigo cy'ubuyobozi cya Anand, muri Gujarati . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Agnes Kalibata |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profile/person/18942831 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2019-12-16 |website=bloomberg.com}}</ref> Kalibata yagize uruhare runini muri MINAGRI, Minisiteri y’ubuhinzi n’umutungo w’u Rwanda; yagizwe umunyamabanga uhoraho wa minisiteri mu 2006, Umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe ubuhinzi mu 2008, na Minisitiri w’ubuhinzi n’umutungo wuzuye mu 2009. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Alexandre |first=Kayitare |title=DR AGNES KALIBATA IS AWARDED YARA PRIZE FOR HAVING PROMOTED FOOD SECURITY IN RWANDA |url=http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/FlashNews/Fn%2007%20September%202012.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160528062950/http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/FlashNews/Fn%2007%20September%202012.pdf |archive-date=2016-05-28 |access-date=2019-02-13 |website=MINAGRI Weekly Flash News}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2019-01-14 |title=Prize Laureates |url=https://africafoodprize.org/laureates/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2020-04-02 |website= |language=en-US}}</ref> Yakoze kandi indi myanya myinshi harimo umuyobozi w’inama y’ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi ndetse n’umuyobozi w’ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku mavuriro mu Rwanda. <ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Agnes M. Kalibata |url=https://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2016/speakers/agnes-m-kalibata/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121005607/https://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2016/speakers/agnes-m-kalibata/ |archive-date=2016-11-21 |access-date=2019-02-10 |website=African Development Bank |language=en}}</ref> Yakoze mu Nama Ngishwanama y'Ikigo Mpuzamahanga gishinzwe Ubushakashatsi ku biribwa ndetse anayobora umushinga wa [[Banki y'Isi]] mu Rwanda. <ref name=":2" /> [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] Kalibata yabaye umwe mu bagize inama y'ubutegetsi mpuzamahanga y’ifumbire mvaruganda (IDFC) kuva mu 2008, aho ayoboye komite nyafurika y’ubuyobozi, akaba n'umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi n’ubugenzuzi.<ref name=":1" /> Ni umwe mu bagize inama nyinshi z’igihugu ndetse n’amahanga harimo nka [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza y’u Rwanda]], Ubushobozi bw’Afurika, Inama y’Ihuriro ry’Ubukungu ku Isi, Komisiyo ishinzwe kurwanya imihindagurikire y’ikirere hamwe n’itsinda ry’ubuhinzi n’inzobere mu kwihaza mu biribwa.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2019, umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango w’abibumbye, António Guterres, yashyizeho Kalibata nk'intumwa idasanzwe mu nama y’ibiribwa 2021. <ref>[https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/sg/personnel-appointments/2019-12-16/ms-agnes-kalibata-of-rwanda-special-envoy-for-2021-food-systems-summit Ms. Agnes Kalibata of Rwanda - Special Envoy for 2021 Food Systems Summit] [[United Nations]], press release of December 16, 2019.</ref> = Imyanya ya politiki = Kalibata yagize uruhare runini mu guharanira uburinganire mu Rwanda, ashimangira inyungu z’ubukungu zo gushishikariza abagore kugira uruhare runini muri sosiyete kuko u Rwanda rwakize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994 yahitanye abantu 800.000 mu mezi atatu bigatuma abaturage b’u Rwanda 60% b’abagore. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Anthony Faiola |date=19 May 2008 |title=Women pave way for Rwanda's revival |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2008/05/19/women_pave_way_for_rwandas_revival.html |access-date=2019-02-02 |website=thestar.com |language=en}}</ref> = Amashimwe n'ibihembo = Mu mwaka wa 2012, Kalibata yahawe igihembo cya Yara (ubu cyitwa igihembo cy’ibiribwa muri Afurika ), gishimangira umuntu ku giti cye cyangwa ikigo cyayoboye imbaraga zo guhindura ukuri mu buhinzi muri Afurika.<ref name=":0" /> Muri 2018, kaminuza ya Liege, [[Ububiligi|mu Bubiligi]] yamuhaye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro kubera ubuyobozi bw'icyubahiro (2018).<ref name=":0" /> Niwe wahawe umudari w’imibereho rusange ya NAS 2019: wasobanuwe n’ishuri rikuru ry’ubumenyi nk’igihembo cyubahwa cyane, uyu mudari uhabwa buri mwaka umuhanga ukoresha siyanse ku nyungu rusange.<ref name=":0" /> *[[Inama y’Abaminisitiri]] == Notes == {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kalibata, Agnes Matilda}} [[Category:Abanyarwanda]] [[Category:Abaminisitiri]] [[Category:Abagore]] 4h8n5bhi3ddt6yhgyg3kjuzpsshdojb 0 4165 140473 133005 2026-09-30T09:25:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140473 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag Map of Rwanda (1961-2001).png|thumb|Ibendera ry'u Rwanda ryahambere]] '''Ndasingwa Landoald''' uzwi ku izina rya '''Lando''' yari umunyapolitiki w’[[umunyarwanda]], akaba yari umuyobozi w’ ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira n’ ukwizana (PL). Yishwe mw’ ikubitiro rya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] ku itariki [[7 Mata]] [[1994]]. [[Dosiye:Hotel Chez Lando.jpg|center|thumb|Hoteli yitiriwe Landoald]] {{DEFAULTSORT:Ndasingwa, Landoald}} [[Ikiciro:Abanyepolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] t0c4mw4a86nachpx4m4799bekjn2chg 0 8360 140474 139086 2026-09-30T09:25:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140474 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Felicite niyitegeka.jpg|thumb|362x362px|Niyitegeka Felicite]] [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|Flag of Rwanda|335x335px]] '''Félicité Niyitegeka''' (yavutse mu 1934) Ni Umubikira w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ubarwa mu ntwari z'igihugu, yavukiye i Vumbi, mu cyahoze ari komini ya Runyinya, muri perefegitura ya [[Butare]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/felicite-niyitegeka-was-always-heroine</ref><ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abazi-niyitegeka-felicite-bahamya-ko-ubutwari-bwe-ari-ubwa-kera</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == . Ni bucura y'umuryango w'abana 10, Félicité yize mumashuri abanza ya Astrida, hanyuma yiga ayisumbuye mu ishuri rya Save mumashuri acungwa n'ababikira<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/politiki/article/ibaruwa-iteye-agahinda-intwari-felicite-yandikiye-musaza-we-col-nzungize</ref>. Arangije amasomo ye mu myaka ya za 1950, Félicité yahawe inshingano yo kuba umwarimu n'umugenzuzi mu majyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]], mu ishuri rya Muramba<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://thebridge.rw/niyitegeka-felicite-intwari-yigihugu-mu-rwego-rwimena/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-10-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006062348/https://thebridge.rw/niyitegeka-felicite-intwari-yigihugu-mu-rwego-rwimena/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Icyo gihe yahawe na “Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat”, yitwa “Demoiselles”. Paruwasi ya Nyundo na seminari ya Nyundo yari imaze gushingwa ihabwa umwepiskopi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwanda]], [[Aloys Bigirumwami|Nyiricyubahiro Aloys Bigirumwami.]]<ref>https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/189549</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.ascleiden.nl/content/webdossiers/ascl-rwanda-collection</ref> Félicité yavukiye mu muryango ufite kwizera Gukomeye muri Kristo, ise Simon Sekabwa yari umukiristu bikomeye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/felicite-niyitegeka/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2020-07-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200719063857/https://fortuneofafrica.com/rwanda/felicite-niyitegeka/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201402030649.html</ref> Félicité yabaye umugore wa mbere [[Afurika|w’umunyafurika]] wabaye Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat2<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/abazi-niyitegeka-felicite-bahamya-ko-ubutwari-bwe-ari-ubwa-kera</ref>. Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat intego yabo ni ugukorana bya hafi na musenyeri, Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat bitwaga [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] "Abakobwa ba Musenyeri", [[Aloys Bigirumwami|Nyiricyubahiro Bigirumwami]] yohereje Félicité i Lourdes kugira ngo ahugurwe, aho ikigo cy’amahugurwa ku Isi cy’abafasha ba Apostolate giherereye<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20220419145518/https://www.cnlg.gov.rw/fileadmin/templates/documents/ENGLISH_final.pdf</ref>.<ref>https://www.sapiens.org/culture/rwandan-genocide-rescuers/</ref> == Umwuga == Tugarutse mu [[Rwanda]], Félicité yabaye umwe mu bayobozi ba Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat<ref name=":0" />. Umuyobozi wa mbere w’ishuri rikuru “Notre-Dame d'Afrique” rya Nyundo<ref>https://dbpedia.org/page/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref>, umwepiskopi yamwohereje i Lourdes mu 1963, kugira ngo ajyane nabandi bagenzi be bo muri [[Afurika]] bahugurirwe hamwe<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/01/the-catholic-nun-who-rejected-armed-escorts/</ref>. Yagarutse nyuma y'imyaka itandatu ashingwa kuyobora ubuyobozi bwa Centre Saint Pierre, ikigo cya diyosezi cyari ishinzwe amahugurwa n’umwiherero wa Auxiliaires de l'Apostolat<ref>https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicite-niyitegeka-genocide-rwanda</ref>. Icyubahiro cye cyambutse umupaka kugera i [[Goma]], muri [[Zayire]] [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|(Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]), aho yakoranye na bagenzi be<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/104911/amagambo-yavuzwe-na-niyitegeka-felicite-uri-mu-ntwari-zigihugu-yakozwemo-indirimbo-video-104911.html</ref>. .Félicité yahoraga yifuza kwitangira umurimo, cyane cyane ku babikeneye cyane. Yabigaragaje muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994<ref>https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/felicite-niyitegeka-genocide-rwanda</ref><ref>https://bangambiki.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/intwari-zu-rwanda-felicite-niyitegeka/</ref>. Mu gukora urutonde rw'intwari z'igihugu, abayobozi basanze ubutwari bwe mubuzima bwe bwose bumwemerera kuba kurutonde maze yegurwa kuba intwari y'igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]]. Ibi byatewe n'icyemezo cy'inama y'abaminisitiri yabaye ku ya 12 Nzeri 2011<ref>https://real-life-heroes.fandom.com/wiki/F%C3%A9licit%C3%A9_Niyitegeka</ref><ref>https://www.dwci.edu/download_file/view/1128/357</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} <br /> [[Ikiciro:Intwari]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 6px4j1i4fwglqt4b38q9c16j1o4w4in 0 8400 140475 123599 2026-09-30T09:25:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140475 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Louise Mushikiwabo''' (wavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1961) ni umunyamabanga wa kane akaba n'umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango mpuzamahanga de la Francophonie . Yabanje kuba Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga n’ubutwererane mu [[Rwanda]] kuva 2009 kugeza 2018. Yabaye kandi Umuvugizi wa Guverinoma. Yabanje kuba Minisitiri w'itangazamakuru. [[Dosiye:Louise_Mushikiwabo.jpg|thumb|Louise Mushikiwabo]] Ku ya 12 Ukwakira 2018, yatorewe manda y'imyaka ine ku mwanya w’umunyamabanga mukuru w’umuryango mpuzamahanga wabavuga ururimi rw'igifaransa (OIF) mu nama ya Francophonie yabereye i [[Yerevan]], muri [[Arumeniya]] . [[File:MSC_2014_Ischinger-Mushikiwabo_Zwez_MSC2014.jpg|thumb|MSC 2014 Ischinger-Mushikiwabo Zwez MSC2014]] == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Louise Mushikiwabo yavutse ku ya 22 Gicurasi 1961 i [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Se yari Bitsindinkumi, Bitsindinkumi yakoraga ubuhinzi, Nyina yari Nyiratulira, mubyara wa Alexis Kagame umufilozofe mu by'amateka. [6] Yabayeho mu bwana bwe i Kigali. Umuhererezi mu bana icyenda, barumuna be barimo [[Landoald Ndasingwa|Lando Ndasingwa]], wabaye umucuruzi akaba n'umunyapolitiki uzwi cyane mu [[Rwanda]] mbere yo kwicwa mu 1994 mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994]] , na Anne-Marie Kantengwa, wigaruriye hoteri ya Lando (Chez Lando) nyuma y'urupfu rwe kandi akora mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] kuva 2003 kugeza 2008. Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye i Kigali, Mushikiwabo yagiye kwiga muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] (ubu ni [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] ), mu mujyi wa [[Butare|Huye]] mu majyepfo, mu 1981. Yarangije kaminuza mu 1984, afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu cyongereza, hanyuma akora muri make nk'umwarimu w'amashuri yisumbuye. Mu 1986, yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] yerekeza [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]], naho yatangiye kwiga impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu ndimi no gusobanura muri kaminuza ya Delaware, naho [[igifaransa]] kikaba ururimi rwe rwihariye. Amaze kurangiza amasomo ye mu 1988, yagumye muri Amerika, atura mu gace ka Washington, DC . Yatangiye umwuga akora mu mashyirahamwe aharanira inyungu, mbere yo gufata umwanya [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|muri Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] (ADB); mu rwego rwo kugira uruhare muri ADB yabaye muri [[Tunisiya|Tuniziya]] igihe gito, amaherezo aba umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho muri banki. Mu 2006, Mushikiwabo yanditse [[igitabo]], "''Rwanda bivuga Universe",'' yafatanije na Jack Kramer, umunyamakuru Amerika na KALIMANZIRA Marine . Igitabo kirimo igice cyandika ku buzima, gisobanura amateka y’umuryango wa Mushikiwabo, ubuzima bwe bwa mbere mu [[Rwanda]], ndetse n’ubunararibonye bwe amaze kwimukira muri Amerika. Irasobanura kandi [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko ryo]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] mu buryo burambuye, uhereye ku mateka ndetse no ku bitekerezo bya Mushiwabo uba i Washington, kuko yakiriye amakuru avuga ko benshi mu bagize umuryango we bishwe. == Umwuga wa politiki == Muri Werurwe 2008, Mushikiwabo yatumiwe na Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]] [[Paul Kagame]] gusubira mu gihugu cye cy'u [[Rwanda]] no gufata umwanya muri guverinoma ye. Yahawe umwanya wa Minisitiri w’itangazamakuru, asimbuye Laurent Nkusi . Mu ntangiriro za manda ye, Mushikiwabo yari ashinzwe gufata icyemezo cyo gufata ingamba zo kurwanya amashyirahamwe menshi y’itangazamakuru ryaho yari afite inkuru zisebanya kuri Kagame. Ikinyamakuru kimwe, [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] -ururimi rwa buri munsi ''Umuco'', cyari cyasohoye inkuru igereranya perezida na [[Adolf Hitler]], kandi Inama Nkuru y'Itangazamakuru (HCP) yasabye guverinoma guhagarika uruhushya rw’iki kinyamakuru. Nkusi yari yaranze iki cyifuzo, kandi mu gihe Mushikiwabo atigeze ahagarika ku mugaragaro impapuro, nyamara yahagaritse gucapa mu Kwakira 2008. Muri rusange Mushikiwabo yashishikarije bagenzi be gushyigikira ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, ariko kandi ashimangira ko itangazamakuru ryubahiriza amategeko akomeye y'u [[Rwanda]] yerekeye guhakana [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu mwaka wa 2009, yatanze itegeko ry’agateganyo kuri radiyo ya Kinyarwanda yatangajwe na British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), kubera ko yavugaga ko ryerekanaga ibiganiro "biha uburenganzira bwa jenoside n’abahakana jenoside"; BBC yahakanye iki kirego, ivuga ko na guverinoma bifite ibisobanuro bitandukanye kuri jenoside. Usibye kuba ashinzwe gufata ibyemezo bya minisiteri, Mushikiwabo yanasohoje inshingano z'umuvugizi wa guverinoma mu gihe yari Minisitiri w'itangazamakuru. Urugero, igihe u Rwanda rwagiranye ibibazo na dipolomasi [[Ubudage|n'Ubudage]] nyuma y’ifatwa ry'umuyobozi mukuru wa protocole ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]], Rose Kabuye, Mushikiwabo yaganiriye n'ibitangazamakuru mpuzamahanga kugira ngo asobanure neza uko leta y'u Rwanda ihagaze. Yakoresheje ubuhanga bwe bw'indimi, abasha gutanga ibisobanuro mu ndimi zose zemewe z'u [[Rwanda]], Kinyarwanda, Igifaransa n'Icyongereza. == Ibindi bikorwa == * Inama y’umutekano ya Munich, umwe mu bagize Inama Ngishwanama <ref>[https://www.securityconference.de/en/about/advisory-council/ Advisory Council] [[Munich Security Conference]].</ref> * Ba Nyampinga Mpuzamahanga (IGC), Umunyamuryango <ref>[https://genderchampions.com/champions Members] [[International Gender Champions]] (IGC).</ref> == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rwa ba minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga muri 2017 * Urutonde rwa ba minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga bariho ubu * [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} === Imirimo yatanzwe === * Mushikiwabo, Louise; Kramer, Jack (2007). Rwanda Means the Universe: A Native's Memoir of Blood and Bloodlines. St. Martin's Press. {{ISBN|9781429907316}} .CS1 maint: ref=harv (link) == Ihuza ryo hanze == * rwa{{Commons category-inline}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mushikiwabo, Louise}} [[Category:Abatutsi]] [[Category:Abagore]] [[Category:Abafaransa]] [[Category:Abanyaporitiki]] q5bn9yszmmehu055xo74jz6ga24sltn 0 8448 140476 133559 2026-09-30T09:26:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140476 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Éditions Bakame''', yashinzwe muri 1995 i [[Kigali]], ni yo nzu yambere yandika [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] by' abana yabayeho mu [[Rwanda]] . Basohora imigani, documentaire, ibitabo na alubumu kandi bateza imbere gusoma mumashuri <ref>Afrilivres </ref> . [[Dosiye:Verlagsgebaeude_Bakame_Ruanda.JPG|thumb|Éditions Bakame]] [[Dosiye:Logo Verlag Bakame.jpg|center|thumb|520x520px|Bakame Edition]] == Amateka == [[File:Agnès_Gyr-Ukunda-Foire_du_livre_de_Francfort_2017_(2).jpg|thumb|Agnès Gyr-Ukunda, mu imurikagurisha ry'ibitabo bya Frankfurt (2017).]] Ingaruka za [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] yibasiye igihugu cye akomokamo, Agnès Gyr-Ukunda yashinze i [[Kigali]] mu 1995 Editions Bakame, ashinga inzu yandikira abana n'abantu bakiri bato . Yifuzaga guha ishingiro ry’umuco abana benshi kugira ngo abafashe gutsinda ingaruka z’imitekerereze y’ihungabana bagize kandi yizera ko hamwe n’ibitabo by’abana, yari kugira uruhare mu kwimakaza amahoro. Igitekerezo gishingiye ku ihame ryo gusoma ryo mu gihugu Busuwisi (OSL) <ref>Site officiel </ref> yateye inkunga iyubakwa ryiyinzu. Ishyirahamwe Bakame - ryandika ibitabo byabana bu Rwanda bibashyigikira mu buhanga nu bukungu. Naho Bakame , ni izina ry'urukwavu rw'amayeri, ruzwi cyane n'abana b'u Rwanda. == Umwirondoro == Éditions Bakame isohora inyandiko z'abana ni ingimbi zishingiye ku muco n'ururimi rw'igihugu cy' U Rwanda, [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] . Kugirango ibitabo bigere kubana bose, bizenguruka bigomba kuba byinshi kandi igiciro kiri hasi. Éditions Bakame ikeneye abaterankunga bishyura ibiciro byo gucapa. Isaranganya rikorwa ahanini n'amashuri. Ibisobanuro kandi biteza imbere gusoma mu muco aho ijambo ryanditse rikiri vuba cyane. Bakame rero yashyizeho umushinga utera inkunga "backpack-Library" wahuye nitsinzi ikomeye. Ku izina rya “ ''Bana dusome'' ”, ibitabo biva ku ishuri bijya kurindi , ishuri, biherekejwe n'uwuhugura. == Intambwe == Tugomba kwibuka mugutezimbere Éditions Bakame, mumwaka wa 2005 kubaka inyubako i [[Kigali]] hamwe na Bologna Ragazzi Award New Horizons ( Imurikagurisha ryibitabo byabana Bologna ) kuri alubumu ''Ubucuti bw'imbeba n'inzovu'', muri 2008 gutandukanya mpuzamahanga IBBY-Asahi hagamijwe guteza imbere gusoma no muri 2010 gutangaza ikibonezamvugo mu ma shuri. Ishyirahamwe "Bakame - ibitabo by’abana bo mu Rwanda" ryemejwe na ZEWO kuva 2003 <ref name="ZEWO"> [http://www.zewo.ch/fuer_spendende/suchen#detail&key=94&name=972%20/%20B%C3%BCcher%20f%C3%BCr%20Kinder%20in%20Ruanda%20BAKAME,%20Egg,%20Malters Stiftung Zewo]</ref> . Inama y’abaminisitiri y’u Rwanda yemeye “Éditions Bakame” nk'umuryango udaharanira inyungu rusange mu 2002 irabyemeza muri 2012. == Aho wabisanga == {{Reflist }} == Reba ibindi == * Bernard Huber na Guy Missodey, ''Ubwenegihugu, isi yose hamwe'' nubuvanganzo bwabana ''n’urubyiruko: ibikorwa'' byumunsi wubumenyi bwurusobe rwabashakashatsi mubuvanganzo bwabana '', 21-''22 novembre 200522 Ugushyingo 2005 , Agence Universitaire de la francophonie, Montreal ; Ibisobanuro byububiko bwa none, Paris, 2007, p. 38 ; 65-66 ( {{ISBN|9782914610469}} ) * Luc Pinhas, “Les éditions Bakame”, mu ''bihe byasohotse mu gifaransa kivuga ururimi rw'igifaransa cy'ubwana n'urubyiruko'', L'Harmattan, Paris, 2008, p. 200-202 ( {{ISBN|9782296057999}} ) * [[Dosiye:Agnes Ukundamaliya.jpg|thumb|Éditions Bakame]]Eddie Tambwe, ''Urunigi rw'ibitabo muri Afurika y'Abirabura bavuga Igifaransa.'' ''Ninde mwanditsi uyumunsi ?'' Inzu y'Ubwanditsi ya L'Harmattan, Paris, 2006, p. 130-132 ( {{ISBN|9782296156319}} ) === Ingingo zijyanye === * Umuco w'u Rwanda * [[Ubuvanganzo]] bw'u Rwanda === amahuza yo hanze === * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201030155228/https://www.bakame.ch/ Urupapuro rwibanze rwishyirahamwe rya Bakame - Ibitabo byabana byu Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171028154740/http://www.afrilivres.net/fiche_editeur.php?e=3105 Bakame yasohotse kuri Afrilivres] * [http://www.scolibris.fr/interview-d-agnes-gyr-des-editions-bakame-au-rwanda-scolibris-142.html?PHPSESSID=a31db7ebbe5266c770fbe0d609f324d9 "Ikiganiro na Agnès Gyr wo mu gitabo cya Bakame mu Rwanda"] (Scolibris) {{Portail|édition|entreprises|Rwanda|Littérature d'enfance et de jeunesse}} [[Category:Iyandikiro ry'Ibitabo mu Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] o695t0e46sc667mwnwf7ocghmnos796 0 8458 140477 140040 2026-09-30T09:26:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140477 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ecole des Science Byimana''' ni ishuri gatolika ryinjira mu [[Rwanda]]. rifite abanyeshuri barenga 700 mu myaka itandatu. Intego y'ishuri ni "Ubumenyi, umutimanama, n'indashyikirwa". rishishikariza abanyeshuri baryo kugira iterambere ryumwuka, ubwenge na iryumubiri babaha amahirwe yo gusenga, gukina siporo no gusabana hagati yabo binyuze mumikino. == Aho riherereye == '''Ecole des Science Byimana''' iherereye mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Karere ka Ruhango]], Intara y'Amajyepfo, u Rwanda. Umurenge wa Byimana, neza cyane ku musozi wa Bukomero, niho ari ishuri ryacumbikira abanyeshuri kandi rimwe mu matorero y'abavandimwe ba Maristi mu [[Rwanda]]. Ishuri riri muri metero nkeya uvuye ku muhanda munini wa Muhanga-Butare. [[Dosiye:RuhangoDist.png|center|thumb|320x320px|Ruhango]] == Amateka == Ecole des Science Byimana yashinzwe muri 1952 na abafurere baba Marist. Yakinguye amarembo nkishuri ribanza rya Bukomero ryakiraga abahungu gusa, nyuma iba Ecole des Moniteurs. Kuva rishingwa, umufurere Alvarus, Leon Jozef Backx <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.presence-mariste.fr/spip.php?article17 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-09-27 |archive-date=2012-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301203936/http://www.presence-mariste.fr/spip.php?article17 |url-status=dead }}</ref> yari umuyobozi w'ishuri mu myaka hafi mirongo itanu. Mu 1978, Ngombwa Stanislas, umuyobozi mukuru w'iryo shuri, yari mu cyiciro cya gatandatu cya siyansi. Mu 1987, ishuri ryatangiye kwakira abakobwa. Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, iryo shuri ryatakaje abakozi benshi ndetse n’abanyeshuri. Ishuri ryagize amazina menshi ariko azwi cyane ni Ecole des Science Byimana. Mu 2002, iryo shuri ryijihije isabukuru yimyaka 50 hamwe n’abanyeshuri 800, abahungu, n’abakobwa. Muri 2008, usibye Tronc Commun (urwego rusanzwe / ishuri ryisumbuye), iryo shuri ryari rifite amahitamo abiri: Bio-Chimie (Biology-Chemistry) na Math-Physique (Imibare-Ubugenge), aho ikura izina ryishuri ryubumenyi rya Byimana. Ururimi rw’amasomo kuri iryo shuri rwabaye [[igifaransa]], ariko guhera mu ntangiriro za 2009 guverinoma y’u Rwanda yahinduye gahunda y’uburezi mu [[Icyongereza|cyongereza]] mu gihe u Rwanda rwinjiye mu [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|muryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] (2007) na Commonwealth (2009). Kuva muri uwo mwaka (2009) izina "amahitamo" ryahinduwe 'amahuza' muri sisitemu y’amasomo yo mu Rwanda kandi ishuri ryagumye hamwe hamwe: PCM (Physique, Chimie, na Mathematics), PCB (Physics, Chemistry, na Biology), na MCB (Imibare, Ubutabire, na Biologiya), hamwe nurwego rusanzwe. Muri 2014 habaye ishyirwaho rya MPC (Imibare, [[Umugenge|Ubugenge]], na Mudasobwa) muri bo abanyeshuri ba mbere barangije muri 2016. == Abayobozi == Frère Rugereka 'irihimbano) niwe wabanjirije Kigori * Umufurere Alvarus (1952–1995) * Umufurere Ngombwa Stanislas (1996–2002) * Umufurere Malisaba Straton (2002–2009) [https://web.archive.org/web/20121102221940/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-11979475.html] * Umufurere Ngombwa Stanislas (2009–2013) * Umufurere Alphonse Gahima (2013–2015) * Umufurere Malisaba Straton (2015–2017) * Umufurere crescent Karerangabo (2018 - 2022) * Umufurere INGABIRE Jean Marie Vianney (2022 - ubungubu) == Indangagaciro n'intego == Marcellin Champagnat, washinze Marist Brothers yavuze ''ati "kurera abana tugomba kubakunda no kubakunda kimwe"'' Ishuri ritanga ubumenyi kimwe na disipuline ikurikiza inzira ya Champagnat ikunda kandi yitaho. Amasomo nyamukuru yishuri ari mubumenyi: imibare, fiziki, ibinyabuzima na chimie. Usibye siyanse, abanyeshuri bafashwa muburyo bwumwuka: abanyeshuri baterana buri munsi kugirango kuvuga amasengesho kandi basenge. Nubwo ishuri ari Umugatolika, umuntu wese afite uburenganzira bwo kwitabira idini iryo ariryo ryose. Ishuri ryakira abantu bose batitaye ku idini ryabo, inkomoko yabo, nibindi. Nyamara, abanyeshuri bamwe ntibabona amahirwe yo kwiga aho ngaho kuko ishuri rifite ibibazo bitoroshye byo kwinjira hashingiwe ku kizamini gisanzwe cyigihugu. Ishuri rishobora kugera ku ntego zaryo kubera ubufatanye no kudasobanuka neza kw'abanyeshuri n'abakozi bayo. Umwanya w'ishuri nawo urafasha: ifite inyubako zihagije (dortoir, ibyumba byo kuriramo, ibyumba by'ishuri na laboratoire). Ariko, inyubako zimwe zirashaje. Nyamara ishuri rikomeje kwaguka kugirango rihuze ibipimo kandi ritange uburezi bwiza bushoboka. Abanyeshuri ba Byimana bitezeho kuba abantu bafite ubuhanga bagamije kugira uruhare mu kwiyubaka kwu Rwanda. == Reba == <references /> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200118030451/http://www.byimana-school.com/Byimanaschool/Home.html Urubuga rwishuri] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191027161705/http://www.sanz.biz/byimana Byimana] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100829182657/http://www.ysnews.com/stories/2008/12/120408_rwanda.html Abanyarwanda bafungura isi kuri YS] [[Category:Amashuri mu Rwanda]] hhqoeor0y5gil3zjx8po630rdwoa8y2 0 8467 140478 105990 2026-09-30T09:26:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140478 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Corneille Alhambra.jpg|thumb|Umuhanzi corneille]] '''Cornelius Nyungura''' (yavutse ku ya 24 Werurwe 1977)<ref>http://www.corneille.ca/</ref> ni umuririmbyi uzwi kw' izina rya '''Corneille''' . Yavukiye mu Budage bw'Iburengerazuba ku babyeyi [[Rwanda|b' abanyawanda]], yamaze igihe kinini cy'ubwana bwe mu Rwanda, amaherezo yimukira i Québec, muri Kanada mu 1997<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015134/http://www.france-amerique.com/articles/2008/12/19/print/corneille-je-ne-me-sens-plus-seul-au-monde.html</ref>. Aririmba mu Gifaransa n'Icyongereza. mu mwuga we akunze gufatira ikitejyererezo kuri [[:en:Funk|Funk]] y abanyamerica na soul music ; [[:en:Prince_(musician)|Prince]], [[:en:Marvin_Gaye|Marvin Gaye]] na [[:en:Stevie_Wonder|Stevie Wonder]] nibo bahanzi ajyenderaho. [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|center|thumb|420x420px|Rwanda Flag]] == Amateka y' ubuzima bwe == === Ubuzima bwe mu bwana === Corneille yavukiye i Freiburg im Breisgau, mu [[Ubudage|Budage]], nubwo mu bwana bwe bwose yabumaze mu Rwanda. Yavumbuye urukundo rwe muri muzika mu 1993, nuko yinjira mu itsinda rya R&amp;amp;B, ryatsinze amarushanwa ya Découverte 1993.<ref>Djenaidi, Oumelkheir. "Corneille à la conquête du marché américain". ''france-amerique.com''. France-Amerique. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Ibi kandi byatumye atangira kwandika indirimbo no guhimba amanota y' umuziki . cyakora, ubuzima bwe bwarahindutse nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu 1994. Se, Émile Nyungura, yari umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya politiki PSD yafatwaga nk' urwanya leta bityo akaba nawe yari mubari bwicwe; Corneille yiboneye iyicwa ry'ababyeyi be na barumuna be na bashiki be batatu afite imyaka 17.<ref>"Corneille a très envie de renouer avec le Rwanda". ''franceinfo.fr''. Radio France. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> yahungiye mu Budage, aho bamwe mu ncuti z' ababyeyi be bamwakiriye mu rugo rwabo. === Ubuzima bwe bw' umuga === Muri Nyakanga 1997, Corneille yahisemo kuva mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] kugira ngo akomeze amasomo mu itumanaho, maze yimukira i [[:en:Montreal|Montreal]], muri [[:en:Quebec|Québec]], muri [[Kanada]] kugira ngo yige muri kaminuza ya Concordia . Muri icyo gihe, yashinze '''O.N.E''', itsinda rya R&B, ari kumwe na Pierre Gage na Gardy Martin, bahuye nyuma gato yo kugera i Québec.<ref>Djenaidi, Oumelkheir. "Corneille à la conquête du marché américain". ''france-amerique.com''. France-Amerique. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> ''Zoukin'', imwe mu ndirimbo z'itsinda yanditswe na Corneille, yabaye iyambere muri airplay za Kanada. Hanyuma, mu ntangiriro za 2001, Corneille yavuye muri iryo tsinda, yashakaga gukomeza umwuga wenyine. Yatangiye gushingira indirimbo ze ku hahise he.<ref>Djenaidi, Oumelkheir. "Corneille à la conquête du marché américain". ''france-amerique.com''. France-Amerique. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Mu 2002, Corneille yakoze imishinga itandukanye. Yanditse kandi ahimba indirimbo "Ce soir" ya ''Cocktail R&B 2'' compilation (Ghetto R&B, [[:en:Sony_Music|Sony Music]] ) na "Si seulement on s'aimait" ya ''Hip Hop Folies'' (Sony Music). Abisabwe na [[:en:Dave_Stewart_(musician_and_producer)|Dave Stewart]], yigaragaje bwa mbere kurubyiniro kuri reservoir in Paris,aho yajyiriye amahirwe yo kuririmbana na Jimmy Cliff . Muri Mutarama 2003, yatumiriwe kuzaba ari uririmba nk ijyikorwa cyo gutegurira urubyiniro Cunnie Williams muri Olympia .<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> Album ya mbere ya Corneille, verisiyo yo muri Kanada ya ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'', yasohotse ku ya 10 Nzeri 2002. verisiyo y’igifaransa, yarimo ibihembo byinshi kuri disiki ya kabiri, yasohotse ku ya 20 Ukwakira 2003, byihuse yahise imenyekana. Muri Mata 2003,<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Corneille yaririmbanye na [[:en:Craig_David|Craig David]], asubiramo umurongo mu gifaransa w' indirimbo ''Rise and Fall'' . Yakoze urugendo rwe rwa mbere muri Gicurasi 2003, aririmbira full houses i [[Paris]], [[:en:Marseille|Marseilles]], [[:en:Lyon|Lyon]] na [[:en:Bordeaux|Bordeaux]] . Muri Werurwe 2005, yitabiriye igitaramo ''Africa Live,'' cyateguwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya malariya.<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> Bwari ubwa mbere agaruka ku mugabane w'iwabo kuva jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yahagarikwa. Album ya kabiri ya Corneille ''Les marchands de rêves'', yasohotse mu Gushyingo 2005. Corneille yakoranye na Croix-Rouge yo muri Kanada mu rwego rwo gutabariza abana bahuye n' ibibazo by' intambara. Yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere yo mu [[Icyongereza|Cyongereza]], yitwa ''Ivuka rya Koruneliyo (The birth of cornelius)'', muri Nyakanga 2007. Mu mpera za 2014 yabaye umwe mu ba hatanaga kuri televiziyo yo mu bufaransa TF1 mw irushanwa '''Danse avec les Stars'' . ku nshuro yaryo ya gatanu.<ref>"Corneille". ''rfimusique.com''. Radio France Internationale. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> === Eurovision === Corneille yanditse indirimbo " Il était temps " ayandikiye [[:en:Virginie_Pouchain|Virginie Pouchain]] nyuma yo kwemererwa guhagararira [[Ubufaransa]] mu marushanwa ya [[:en:Eurovision_Song_Contest|Eurovision]] song contest 2006 . Indirimbo yarangije iri kumwanya wa 22 muri 24 zizari zajyeze kurwego rwa nyuma.<ref>"Eurofans 2012 : Virginie Pouchain au meeting de printemps". ''eurovision-fr.net''. Eurovision-fr.net. Retrieved 13 August 2015</ref> === Ubuzima bwite === Corneille yashakanye n'umunyamideli ukomoka muri Kanada akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime Sofia de Medeiros mu 2006; bafite abana babiri.<ref>"Corneille et sa femme Sofia de Medeiros attendent leur premier enfant ! Cette fois, c'est officiel !". ''purepeople.com''. Pure People/Webedia. Retrieved 13 August 2015.</ref> == Imbonerahamwe y ibikorwa bye bya muzika == === Album === '''Album za studio''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200" | Album ! colspan="4" align="center" | Imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL</small> <small>Wa</small><br /> <ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>FR</small><br /> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>SWI</small><br /> <ref name="swi">[http://hitparade.ch/showperson.asp?name=Corneille Hitparade.ch Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>IKIBAZO</small> |- | align="center" | 2002 | ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 4 | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2005 | ''Les marchands de rêves'' | align="center" | 6 | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 34 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2007 | ''Ivuka rya Corneillius'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 23 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2009 | ''Sans titre'' | align="center" | 47 | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2011 | ''Les inséparables'' | align="center" | 55 | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2013 | ''Entre nord et sud'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 46 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2019 | ''Parce qu'on aime'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 58<br /> | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- |2021 |''Encre rose'' | | | | | |- | colspan="7" align="center" style="font-size:9pt" | "-" bisobanura ko iyi ndirimbo itarimo, cyangwa utasohowe muriki gihugu. |} '''Ibikorwa bidasanzwe''' * 2003: ''Parce qu'on vient de loin (édition deluxe)'' (disiki ebyiri) * 2006: ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' / ''Les marchands de rêves'' (gusohora alubumu ebyiri) '''Alubumu na DVDs yaririmbye imbona nkubone''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200" | Album ! colspan="3" align="center" | Imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL<nowiki><br id="mw8Q"></nowiki></small> <small>Wa</small><br /> <ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>[[Ubufaransa|FR]]</small><br /> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>SWI</small><br /> <ref name="swi">[http://hitparade.ch/showperson.asp?name=Corneille Hitparade.ch Corneille discography]</ref> |- | align="center" | 2005 | ''imbonankubone''<br />(<small>alubumu ebyiri)</small> | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | 9 | align="center" | – | align="center" | |} === Indirimbo === {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="230" | Indirimbo ! colspan="5" align="center" | umwanya mwiza ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="160" | Album |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL<nowiki><br id="mwAR0"></nowiki></small> <small>Wa</small><br /><ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref><br />Ultratop ! width="30" | <small>BEL<nowiki><br id="mwASU"></nowiki></small> <small>Wa</small> [9]Ultratip * ! width="30" | <small>FR</small> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>SWI</small> <ref name="swi">[http://hitparade.ch/showperson.asp?name=Corneille Hitparade.ch Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30" | <small>IKIBAZO</small> |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2002 | "Avec classe" | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 3 | align="center" | 30 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="6" align="center" | ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2003 | "Ensemble" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 39 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="4" align="center" | 2004 | "Parce qu'on vient de loin" | align="center" | 9 | align="center" | – | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Seul au monde" | align="center" | 34 | align="center" | – | align="center" | 26 | align="center" | 62 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Rêves de star" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Comme un fils" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | 56 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2005 | "Le bon Dieu est une femme" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="2" align="center" | ''Les marchands de rêves'' |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2006 | "Les marchands de rêves" | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 2 | align="center" | 37 | align="center" | 88 | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2009 | "En. . . " | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 19 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="1" align="center" | ''Sans titre'' |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2011 | "Le jour après la fin du monde" | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | – | align="center" | 27 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | rowspan="4" align="center" | ''Les inséparables'' |- | " Des pères, des hommes et des frères "<small>(Corneille feat.</small> <small>La Fouine )</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 2 | align="center" | 25 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2012 | "Jusqu'au bout de nos peines"<br /> <small>(Corneille feat.</small> <small>Soprano )</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "Le bar des sentimentalistes" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | align="center" | 2013 | "Les sommets de nos vies" | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 84 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | | align="center" | TBA |- | colspan="8" align="center" style="font-size:9pt" | "-" bisobanura indirimbo itarasohotse muri icyo gihugu |} <small>* izitaragaragaye byemewe kuri Ultratop 50 nziza zo mububirigi , .</small> '''Zacuranzwe muri''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200" | Indirimbo ! colspan="3" align="center" | Umwanya <br /> mwiza ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40" | Icyemezo ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="160" | Album |- ! width="30" | <small>BEL</small> <small>Wa</small> <ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref>Ultratop ! width="30" | <small>BEL</small> <small>Wa</small> Ultratip * ! width="30" | <small>FR</small> <ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> |- | rowspan="1" align="center" | 2011 | "Le meilleur du monde"<br /> <small>( TLF feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 38 | align="center" | 28 | align="center" | | rowspan="1" align="center" | <small>Album ya TLF</small><br />''Ubuzima bushya'' |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2012 | "Histoires vraies" <small>( Youssoupha feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | 82 | align="center" | | rowspan="1" align="center" | <small>Album ya Youssoupha</small><br /> ''Noir desir'' |- | " Co-Pilote " (Igifaransa)<br /> <small>( Kristina Maria feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 1 | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | | align="center" | <small>Kristina Maria album</small><br /> ''Bwira Isi'' |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2013 | "Cœur de guerrier"<br /><small>( Big Ali feat.</small> <small>Youssoupha, Corneille & Acide)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 6 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | |- | "À l'horizon"<br /><small>( Kery James feat.</small> <small>Corneille)</small> | align="center" | – | align="center" | Inama 31 | align="center" | – | align="center" | | align="center" | <small>Kery James alubumu</small><br /> ''Dernier MC'' |} === DVD === * 2005: album y' imbona nkubone == Ibihembo == * 2005 NRJ Music Awards Video yumwaka kuri ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' * 2005 Igihembo cya EBBA . == Ibindi wa soma == {{Reflist}} == Ubundi bumenyi wa kwiyungura == * Official websiteficial website * [https://archive.today/20130415090539/http://www.music-city.org/discography.php?artist=Corneille Discography] [[Category:Umuhazi]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda]] [[Category:Umwirabura]] [[Category:Umunyarwanda uba muri canada]] [[Category:Umwanditsi]] [[Category:Umunyafrica]] pxs1wk151pkbff0a6p63jzjpob864zv 0 8476 140479 133693 2026-09-30T09:26:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140479 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rwanda_banana.jpg|thumb|Ubucuruzi bucuritse ]] [[Dosiye:Monument RWamagana.jpg|thumb|Ubukungu]] '''Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda''' bwagize inganda zihuse kubera [[Politiki y'u Rwanda|politiki]] ya guverinoma igenda neza. Kuva mu ntangiriro z'umwaka wa 2000, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rwabonye ubukungu bwiyongera mu mibereho y'abanyarwanda benshi. Icyerekezo cya Guverinoma cyo guteza imbere ubukungu cyabaye umusemburo w'ubukungu bwihuta. [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w'u Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame]] yavuze ko yifuza guhindura u Rwanda " [[Singapore]] of Africa". <ref>https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-singapore-lee-africa/singapores-visionary-draws-followers-in-africa-idUKKBN0MK1OG20150324</ref> Singapore ya Africa [[Dosiye:GTBank_Rwanda_Logo.png|thumb|Banki ]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda_avocado.jpg|thumb|Ubucurizi]] == Amateka == === Nyuma y'intambara y'abenegihugu na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi === Mu myaka ya za 1960 na 1970, politiki y’imari y’ubukungu y’u Rwanda, hamwe n’imfashanyo zituruka hanze ndetse n’ubucuruzi bugereranyije, byatumye ubwiyongere bukabije bw’abaturage n’igipimo gito cy’ifaranga bikomeza kwiyongera nabyo. Ariko, mu gihe ibiciro bya kawa ku isi byagabanutse cyane mu myaka ya za 1980, iterambere ryabaye ribi. [[Dosiye:Historical GDP per capita development in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|GDP Capital development in Rwanda ]] Ugereranije n'ubwiyongere bwa GDP buri mwaka bwa 6.5% kuva 1973 kugeza 1980, ubwiyongere bwaragabanutse kugera ku kigereranyo cya 2,9% ku mwaka kuva 1980 kugeza 1985 kandi bwahagaze kuva 1986 kugeza 1990. Iki kibazo cyageze mu 1990 igihe ingamba za mbere za gahunda yo guhindura imiterere ya IMF zikorwa. Mu gihe gahunda itashyizwe mu bikorwa mbere y’intambara, hashyizweho ingamba z’ingenzi nko guta agaciro kabiri kifaranga no gukuraho ibiciro byemewe. Ingaruka ku mishahara n'imbaraga zo kugura byarihuse kandi bitangaje. Iki kibazo cyibasiye cyane cyane intiti zize, abenshi muri bo bakaba barakoraga mu bakozi ba Leta cyangwa mu bigo bya Leta. Mu myaka 5 y’intambara y’abenegihugu yarangiye muri jenoside yo mu 1994, GDP yagabanutse mu myaka 3 kuri 5, bituma igabanuka ryihuse rirenga 40% mu 1994, umwaka wa jenoside. Ubwiyongere bwa 9% muri GDP nyayo mu 1995, umwaka wa mbere nyuma y'intambara, byerekana ko ibikorwa by'ubukungu byongeye kubaho. [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Itsembabwoko ryo mu 1994]] ryasenye ubukungu bw’u Rwanda,bwasize ubukene cyane mu abaturage, cyane cyane abagore, kandi byangiza ubushobozi bw’[[igihugu]] bwo gukurura ishoramari ry’abikorera ndetse n’amahanga. Icyakora, u Rwanda rwateye intambwe igaragara mu gukomeza no kuvugurura ubukungu bwarwo. Muri Kamena 1998, u Rwanda rwasinyanye [[Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari|n'Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy'Imari gishinzwe]] Kunoza Imiterere . U Rwanda rwatangiye kandi gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo bafatanyije na [[Banki y'Isi|Banki y'Isi .]] Mu gihe cya nyuma y'intambara - hagati ya 1994 kugeza 1995 - imfashanyo zihutirwa z’amadolari arenga miliyoni 307.4 z'amadolari ahanini zerekejwe mu bikorwa byo gutabara mu Rwanda no mu nkambi z'impunzi zo mu bihugu duturanye aho abanyarwanda bahungiye mu gihe cy'intambara. Mu 1996, imfashanyo z’ubutabazi zatangiye kwimukira mu kwiyubaka no gufasha mu iterambere . [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]], [[Ububiligi]], [[Ubudage]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Ubufaransa]], [[Ubushinwa|Repubulika y’Ubushinwa]], Banki yisi, gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe iterambere n’ikigega cy’iterambere ry’ibihugu by’i [[Burayi]] bizakomeza kubara inkunga nyinshi. Kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo bya leta, cyane cyane inzego z’ubutabera, byashyizwe imbere n’amahanga, ndetse no gukomeza gusana no kwagura ibikorwa remezo, ibigo nderabuzima, n’ishuri. Nyuma ya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda, guverinoma iyobowe n’abatutsi yatangiye gahunda ikomeye yo kuzamura ubukungu bw’igihugu no kugabanya gushingira ku buhinzi gusa. Ubukungu bwananiranye bwari bwaragize uruhare runini mu itsembabwoko, kimwe n’abaturage benshi ndetse n’amarushanwa yaturutse ku mirimo idahwitse n’ibindi bikoresho. Guverinoma yibanze cyane cyane ku kubaka inganda zikora na serivisi no gukuraho inzitizi z’ubucuruzi n’iterambere. [[File:Voa_murdock_rwanda_farming_musangwa_300_oct2011.jpg|thumb|Umuhinzi wa kawa mu Rwanda.]] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho umuvuduko wa 13% muri GDP mu 1996 binyuze mu kunoza inyungu yinjira mu misoro, kwihutisha kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo ibigo bya Leta kugira ngo bahagarike imiyoboro y’umutungo wa Leta, kandi bikomeze kunoza umusaruro woherezwa mu mahanga n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa. Igihingwa cy’[[icyayi]] n’inganda byakomeje kuvugururwa, kandi ikawa, iba igihingwa cy’umudugudu muto, iravugururwa cyane kandi ikitabwaho n’uko abahinzi bumva umutekano wabo ugarutse. Ariko, inzira yo gukira izatinda. Ikawa itanga toni 14,578.560 mu 2000 ugereranije n’intambara yabanjirije intambara hagati ya toni 35.000 na 40.000  . Kugeza mu 2002 icyayi kibaye u Rwanda rwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi mu mahanga, aho ibyoherezwa mu mahanga biva mu cyayi bigera kuri miliyoni 18 US $ bingana na toni 15.000 z'icyayi cyumye. Umutungo kamere w'u Rwanda ni muto. Inganda ntoya zitanga hafi 5% yinjiza amadovize. Habayeho kwibanda ku mabuye yagaciro aremereye nka cassiterite (isoko yambere ya tin ), na coltan (ikoreshwa mugukora imashini za elegitoronike, zikoreshwa mu bicuruzwa bya elegitoroniki byabaguzi nka terefone ngendanwa, imashini ya DVD, sisitemu yimikino ya videwo na mudasobwa ). Hagati mu 1997, inganda zigera kuri 75% zikora mbere y’intambara zisubira mu musaruro, ku kigereranyo cya 75% by’ubushobozi bwabo. Ishoramari mu rwego rwinganda rikomeje kuba rike gusa ku gusana inganda zisanzwe. Ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa, bwangijwe n’intambara, bwongeye kubyuka vuba, hamwe n’ubucuruzi bushya bushya bwashyizweho n’abatahuka bava mu Rwanda baturutse muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], no muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Inganda zabonye ubufasha buke bwo hanze kuva intambara irangiye kugeza 1995. Guhera mu 1996–97, guverinoma yarushijeho kugira uruhare mu gufasha urwego rw’inganda kugarura umusaruro binyuze mu bufasha bwa tekiniki n’imari, harimo ingwate z’inguzanyo, kwishyira ukizana mu bukungu, no kwegurira abikorera ibigo bya Leta. Mu ntangiriro za 1998, guverinoma yashyizeho ikigo cyo guteza imbere ishoramari rimwe kandi ishyira mu bikorwa amategeko mashya y’ishoramari yashyizeho ibyorohereza abashoramari bo mu mahanga ndetse n’abenegihugu. Ikigo cyigenga gishinzwe ibyinjira nibisohoka nacyo cyatangiye gukora, no kunoza icyegeranyo no kubazwa. Umusaruro wa Cassiterite wageze kuri toni 1.000 mu 1990, ariko munsi ya toni 700 mu 2000. Umusaruro wa coltan wanditsweho wazamutse uva kuri toni 147 mu 1999 ugera kuri toni 1,300 mu 2001, naho coltan niyo yinjije amafaranga menshi mu gihugu mu 2001. Nibura igice cyo kongera umusaruro ni ukubera ibirombe bishya byafunguwe mu Rwanda. Icyakora, ni ukuri, nkuko byakunze kugaragara, ko kwiyongera nanone biterwa n'uburiganya bwo kohereza mu mahanga coltan ya coltan. Usibye uruhare rwamenyekanye neza muri ubu bucuruzi bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda (RDF), ikindi kintu gikomeye mu kongera kohereza mu mahanga coltan ni uko abacuruzi mpuzamahanga bahatirwa kutagura muri DRC, bityo bikongerera imbaraga DRC coltan kongera koherezwa mu mahanga nk'u Rwanda. U Rwanda kandi ruvuga ko rucuruza mu buriganya zahabu na diyama bivanywa muri DRC. === Ubukungu bw'ubu nubukungu buteganijwe === Igihugu cyinjiye mu gihe kinini cy’iterambere ry’ubukungu mu 2006, kandi umwaka wakurikiyeho cyashoboye kwandikisha 8% by’ubukungu, kikaba ari amateka yakomeje kuva aho, gihinduka kimwe mu bihugu byihuta cyane muri Afurika. Iterambere ry’ubukungu rirambye ryashoboye kugabanya ubukene ndetse no kugabanya igipimo cy’uburumbuke, aho kwiyongera hagati ya 2006 na 2011 byagabanije ijanisha ry’abatuye igihugu babayeho mu bukene bava kuri 57% bagera kuri 45%. Ibikorwa remezo by'igihugu na byo byazamutse vuba, aho amashanyarazi yavuye ku 91.000 mu 2006 agera kuri 215.000 muri 2011. <ref>http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/africa/120328/rwanda-economic-growth-pulling-rwandans-out-poverty</ref> Ishoramari ry’amahanga ririho ryibanda mu bigo by'ubucuruzi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, icyayi, ikawa, n'ubukerarugendo. Umushahara muto ntarengwa n’amabwiriza y’ubwiteganyirize bw'abakozi urakurikizwa, kandi ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe ane y’abakozi yigenga yongeye kugaruka. Ihuriro rinini, CESTRAR, ryashinzwe nkurwego rwa guverinoma ariko ryigenga byimazeyo n’ivugurura rya politiki ryashyizweho n’itegeko nshinga ryo mu 1991. Mu gihe umutekano mu Rwanda ugenda utera imbere, urwego rw’ubukerarugendo ruvuka muri iki gihugu rugaragaza amahirwe menshi yo kwaguka ndetse nk’isoko ry’ivunjisha. Muri 2016, u Rwanda rwashyizwe ku mwanya wa 42 n’igihugu cya kabiri cyiza muri Afurika cyakora ubucuruzi muri Mara Foundation-Raporo ya Ashish J Thakkar Global Entrepreneurship Report. Nyamara, ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa mu kinyamakuru cy’ubumenyi bwa politiki bushingiye ku [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], Isubiramo ry’ubukungu bwa politiki muri Afurika, bwerekana ko ubukungu bushobora kugenda buhoro ugereranije n’uko imibare yemewe ibigaragaza. Abashakashatsi bavuze ko impuzandengo ikoreshwa kuri buri rugo yakurikiraniraga hafi izamuka ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva mu 2000 kugeza 2005, ariko nyuma ikaza gutandukana nyuma y’uko impuzandengo y’ikigereranyo kuri buri rugo ihagaze nubwo iterambere ry’umusaruro rusange w’umuturage kuva 2005 kugeza 2013. <ref>https://qz.com/africa/1050158/rwandas-economic-growth-miracle-may-be-a-mirage/</ref> Bamwe mu bashakashatsi mpuzamahanga na bo bibajije uburyo guverinoma y'u Rwanda yakoresheje kandi bavuga ko imibare igaragaza ko izamuka ryinshi muri GDP rishobora kuzamuka. <ref>https://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/upfront/2017/09/rwandas-economy-miracle-mirage-170929152259157.html</ref> == Ubuhinzi n'ubutunzi bwibanze ==[[File:Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA.jpg|thumb|Fisher men in lake kivu, RWANDA]] [[File:En_visualize_explore_tree_map_hs92_export_rwa_all_show_2014.png|thumb|Igishushanyo mbonera cyerekana ibicuruzwa byo mu Rwanda byohereza mu byiciro 28 byanditseho amabara.]] [[File:MarabaCoffeeDryingRacks.jpg|alt=Photograph of four drying racks containing white coloured unroasted coffee beans|thumb|Ikawa yumisha muri [[Ikawa ya Maraba|Maraba]] . Ikawa ni kimwe mu bihingwa by’amafaranga by’u Rwanda.]] Muri 2012 ubuhinzi bwagize 33% by'ubukungu bw'u Rwanda. U Rwanda rumaze igihe rushingiye ku ikawa nk'igihingwa cy'amafaranga. Kugabanuka kw'ibiciro bya kawa mu 1989 byatumye igabanuka rikomeye ry'ubushobozi bwo kugura, kandi byongera n'amakimbirane yo mu ngo. Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda bwagize ibibazo byinshi muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, hapfa abantu benshi, kutita ku bikorwa remezo, gusahura, no kutita ku bihingwa by’amafaranga. Ibi byatumye igabanuka ryinshi rya GDP kandi ryangiza ubushobozi bwigihugu mu gukurura ishoramari ryigenga n’amahanga. [21] Ubukungu Kuva gukomera, na buri-capita GDP ( PPP ) bagera ku $ 2.225 mu 2018, [22] ugereranyije $ 416 mu 1994. [23] Amasoko akomeye yoherezwaho ibicuruzwa mu mahanga arimo Ubushinwa, Ubudage, na Amerika. [21] Ubukungu bucungwa na Banki nkuru y’u Rwanda kandi ifaranga ni amafaranga y’u Rwanda ; muri Kamena 2010, igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyari amafaranga 588 ku madorari y’Amerika. [24] U Rwanda rwinjiye mu muryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba mu 2007 kandi hari gahunda y’amashiringi rusange yo muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba, yari yizeye ko azashyirwaho mu 2015, [25] ariko akaba ataragera ku musaruro (2020). U Rwanda ni igihugu gifite umutungo kamere, [26] kandi ubukungu bushingiye ahanini ku buhinzi butunzwe n’abahinzi baho bakoresheje ibikoresho byoroshye. [27] Ikigereranyo cya 90% by’imirima y’abaturage ikora, n’ubuhinzi bigizwe na 42.0% bya GDP mu mwaka wa 2010. [21] Kuva mu myaka ya za 1980 rwagati, ingano y’imirima n’umusaruro w’ibiribwa wagabanutse, bitewe n’uko bimuwe abantu bimuwe. [28] [29] Nubwo u Rwanda rufite urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima birumbuka, umusaruro w’ibiribwa akenshi ntujyana n’ubwiyongere bw’abaturage, kandi birasabwa gutumizwa mu mahanga. [21] Ibihingwa bihingwa mu gihugu birimo ikawa, icyayi, pyrethrum, ibitoki, ibishyimbo, amasaka n'ibirayi. Ikawa n'icyayi nibyo bihingwa binini by'amafaranga yoherezwa hanze, hamwe nubutumburuke buke, ahantu hahanamye hamwe nubutaka bwibirunga bitanga ibihe byiza. Kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bituma u Rwanda rwibasirwa n’imihindagurikire y’ibiciro byabo. [30] Amatungo y’ubuhinzi yororerwa mu Rwanda arimo [[inka]], [[ihene]], intama, ingurube, inkoko, ninkwavu, ndetse n'amafi hamwe n’imiterere ya geografiya mu mibare ya buri tungo. [31] umusaruro ahani ni gakondo, nubwo hari bake babona amata ndetse bagahinga imirima hirya [[Kigali]]. [31] Ibura ry’ubutaka n’amazi, ibiryo bidahagije kandi bidafite ubuziranenge, hamwe n’ibyorezo by’indwara bisanzwe hamwe na serivisi z’amatungo bidahagije ni inzitizi zikomeye zibuza umusaruro. "Gira Inka imwe muri gahunda za letamu gufasha imiryango ikennye" (Girinka), yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu 2006, yatanze inka 341.065 muri 2018. Uburobyi bubera ku biyaga byigihugu, ariko ububiko bwaragabanutse cyane, kandi amafi mazima atumizwa mu mahanga mu rwego rwo kubyutsa inganda. [33] Inganda zikora ubucukuzi bw' amabuye y' agaciro bw'u Rwanda n’umuterankunga ukomeye, zinjije amadolari ya Amerika 93&nbsp;miliyoni muri 2008. [34] Amabuye y'agaciro yacukuwe arimo cassiterite, wolframite, safiro, zahabu, na coltan, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki n'itumanaho nka terefone zigendanwa. [34] [35] Umusaruro wa metani ukomoka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] watangiye mu 1983, ariko kugeza ubu ukoreshwa n’uruganda rwa [[Bralirwa Brewery|Bralirwa]] gusa . == Ingufu n'amashanyarazi == [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 129 - Traffic on a busy road with a girl on the back of a motorcycle - Kigali.jpg|thumb|Amashanyarazi]] U Rwanda rwateye intambwe nini mu kuzamura amashanyarazi mu kinyejana cya 21. Umubare munini wibice bishya byahawe amashanyarazi binyuze mu kwagura ibikorwa remezo. Kugabanuka kw'amashyamba amaherezo bizahatira abanyarwanda guhindukirira amasoko ya peteroli bareke amakara yo gutekesha no gushyushya. Urebye ubwinshi bw'imigezi n'ibiyaga, ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ni bwinshi. U Rwanda rukoresha umutungo kamere binyuze mu mishinga ihuriweho n'amashanyarazi n'Uburundi na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. == Inganda == Urwego rw'inganda ruratera imbere cyane, rutanga 16% bya GDP muri 2012. Urugaga rw'inganda mu Rwanda rwiganjemo umusaruro usimbura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Ibigo binini bitanga byeri, ibinyobwa bidasembuye, itabi, amasuka, amagare y'abamugaye, isabune, matelas, umuyoboro wa pulasitike, ibikoresho byo gusakara, n'amazi mu icupa.  n'indi misaruro harimo iva mu buhinzi, ibinyobwa bito bito, isabune, ibikoresho, inkweto, sima, pulasitiki, imyenda n'itabi. [21] == Ubukerarugendo na serivisi == [[File:Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting female adult gorilla with a baby on her shoulders, surrounded by green foliage|thumb|250x250px|[[Ingagi zo mu birunga|Ingagi zo]] mu [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|misozi]] muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Parike y'Ibirunga]] .]] Urwego rwa serivisi mu Rwanda rwagize ibibazo mu mpera z'imyaka ya za 2000 kubera ko ibigo by'ishoramari byagabanyije inguzanyo ndetse n'imishinga yo gufasha mu mahanga n'ishoramari bikagabanuka. [36] Urwego rwongeye kwiyongera mu mwaka wa 2010, ruba urwego runini mu gihugu ku musaruro w’ubukungu kandi rutanga 43,6% by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu. [21] Abaterankunga bo mu rwego rwa gatatu barimo amabanki n’imari, ubucuruzi bwinshi n’ibicuruzwa, amahoteri na resitora, ubwikorezi, ububiko, itumanaho, ubwishingizi, imitungo itimukanwa, serivisi z’ubucuruzi n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta harimo uburezi n’ubuzima. [36] Ubukerarugendo ni bumwe mu bukungu bwiyongera cyane mu bukungu kandi bwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu kwinjiza amadovize mu mwaka wa 2011. [37] N'ubwo umurage wa jenoside, igihugu kigenda kibonwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk'ahantu heza; [38] Ubuyobozi bwa Abinjira n'Abasohoka bw'anditse abantu banga 405,801 basura igihugu hagati ya Mutarama na Kamena 2011; 16% muri bo baturutse hanze ya Afurika. [39] inyungu mu bukerarugendo yari US $ 115,600,000 hagati Mutarama na Kamena 2011; abakora ibiruhuko batanze 43% byinjira, nubwo ari 9% gusa. [39] U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bibiri gusa bifite [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi]] zishobora gusurwa neza; gukurikirana ingagi, muri parike y’ibirunga, ikurura abashyitsi ibihumbi ku mwaka, biteguye kwishyura ibiciro biri hejuru by'impushya zo kwemererwa gusura ingagi. [40] Ibindi bintu bikurura ibyiza birimo: Ishyamba rya Nyungwe, ibamo amoko menshi y'inguge, Ruwenzori colobus n’izindi nguge harimo ibitera, amahumbezi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu, na parike y' Akagera, ikigega gito cya savanna mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu. [41] Ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda bushingiye kuri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|pariki y'ibirunga]] (PNV) hamwe [[Ikirunga|n'ibirunga]] bitandatu hamwe n'inyamanswa zirinzwe arizo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|Ingagi]] zo mu [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|misozi]] zizwi cyane na Dian Fossey . Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bwerekeza muri Afurika yo hagati igishanga kinini gikingiwe na [[Pariki y'Akagera|pariki ya Akagera]], hamwe n’abaturage ba hippopotami, inyamanswa ya cape, zebra, [[inzovu]], eland, n’andi matungo manini y’imikino. Ubukerarugendo bujyanye [[Kwitegereza inyoni|n’inyoni]] bufite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere cyane cyane muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Parike ya Nyungwe]], mu mashyamba manini adacibwa muri Afurika. Pariki ya Nyungwe ibamo amoko arenga 300 y’inyoni. Kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwubuzima bwo mwishyamba nabwo. Inzibutso nyinshi zijyanye na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] zatangiye kubyara ubukerarugendo bukomeye . Urugero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo ka]] Kigali - ahashyinguwe abagera ku 300.000 bazize jenoside - rufite ahantu hamwe n’imurikagurisha rya jenoside bifitanye isano n’isomero kandi rifite gahunda yo guteza imbere ikigo cyigisha ku mateka ya jenoside. Ikindi kigo gikomeye cy’urwibutso kijyanye na jenoside gikurura ba mukerarugendo ni Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi rwubatswe mu cyahoze ari ishuri ry’ubuhanga rya tekinike rya Murambi aho abantu 45.000 biciwe kandi skelet 850 hamwe harimo n’ibisigazwa by’imirambo by’abiciwe. Hari izindi nzu ebyiri z’urwibutso zifitanye isano na jenoside ziri mu Karere ka Kicukiro : Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero ahashyinguwe abazize jenoside 14.400 ndetse n’urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro aho abantu 5000 bishwe nyuma y’uko abasirikare [[Ububiligi|b’Ababiligi]] bakoreraga mu ngabo [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|z’umuryango w’abibumbye]] zishinzwe ku bungabunga amahoro babatereranye. Mu Ntara ya Kibungo, ahabereye ubwicanyi bwa Nyarubuye niho hari Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye aho abagera ku 20.000 bishwe nyuma yo guhungira muri kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma ndetse n'inzu z'ababikira n'abapadiri bari bahatuye. == Ubukungu == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byubukungu muri 1980–2017. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Umwaka ! 1980 ! 1985 ! 1990 ! 1995 ! 2000 ! 2005 ! 2006 ! 2007 ! 2008 ! 2009 ! 2010 ! 2011 ! 2012 ! 2013 ! 2014 ! 2015 ! 2016 ! 2017 |- | GDP muri $<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(PPP)</small> | 2.11 Bln. | 3.66 Bln. | 3.96 Bln. | 2.96 Bln. | 5.00 Bln. | 8.28 Bln. | 9.32 Bln. | 10.30 Bln. | 11.68 Bln. | 12.50 Bln. | 13.58 Bln. | 14.94 Bln. | 16.56 Bln. | 17.62 Bln. | 19.30 Bln. | 21.24 Bln. | 22.80 Bln. | 24.62 Bln. |- | GDP kuri buri muntu muri $<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(PPP)</small> | 453 | 643 | 614 | 541 | 667 | 938 | 1.036 | 1,120 | 1,229 | 1.289 | 1.358 | 1.465 | 1.577 | 1.640 | 1.754 | 1.884 | 1.973 | 2.080 |- | Ubwiyongere bwa GDP<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(nyabyo)</small> | −3.6 % | 5.5 % | 0.4 % | 24.5 % | 8.4 % | 9.4 % | 9.2 % | 7.6 % | 11.2 % | 6.3 % | 7.3 % | 7.8 % | 8.8 % | 4.7 % | 7.6 % | 8.9 % | 6.0 % | 6.1 % |- | Ifaranga<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(ku ijana)</small> | 7.2 % | −1.1 % | 4.2 % | 56.0 % | 3.9 % | 9.1 % | 8.8 % | 9.1 % | 15.4 % | 10.3 % | 2.3 % | 5.7 % | 6.3 % | 4.2 % | 1.8 % | 2.5 % | 5.7 % | 4.8 % |- | Umwenda wa Leta<br /><br /><br /><br /><nowiki></br></nowiki> <small>(Ijanisha rya GDP)</small> | . . . | . . . | . . . | 120 % | 103 % | 67 % | 24 % | 24 % | 19 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 27 % | 29 % | 33 % | 37 % | 41 % |} == Reba kandi == * [[Rwanda]] * Ingufu mu Rwanda * Itumanaho mu Rwanda * Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda * Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu muri Afurika '''Rusange:''' * [[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|Ubukungu bwa Afurika]] == Imiyoboro == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Economy of Rwanda Economy of Rwanda * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070901213134/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=215 Ikigo cya Pulitzer kivuga ku bibazo] by’amakimbirane mu Rwanda n’ingaruka z’ibidukikije (Video) * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=646 U Rwanda amakuru yubucuruzi agezweho ku ikarita yubucuruzi ya ITC] * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/RWA/Year/2012/Summary Banki y'Isi Incamake y'ibarurishamibare mu bucuruzi u Rwanda] [[Category:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu by’i Burayi]] [[Category:Umuryango w’Abibumye]] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] q30vlx53154cgkhjd8cfy3xz2goh8cn 0 8512 140480 132947 2026-09-30T09:26:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140480 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:National Museum of Rwanda - Butare - Flickr - Dave Proffer (3).jpg|thumb|273x273px|Ikigo ndangamurage cy'u Rwand]] Iyi ngoro ndangamurage y'imibereho y'abanyarwanda n'imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani zigize Inteko y'Umuco [[Rwanda]] .<ref name="bbc2" /> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Rwanda_Mesium.jpg|thumb|Rwanda Mesium]] [[Dosiye:National Museum of Rwanda - Butare - Flickr - Dave Proffer (4).jpg|thumb|Amateka]] Yubatswe ku nkunga ya guverinoma y'Igihugu cy'[[Ububiligi]]. Yafunguwe bwa mbere mu 1989 kandi ni isoko nziza yamakuru ku mateka y’[[Umuco nyarwanda|Umuco]] y'[[Igihugu]] ndetse n'akarere. Aha hazwi kandi nk'ahantu hiciwe umwamikazi [[Rosalie Gicanda]] n'abandi benshi mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] . <ref name="bbc2">[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-18512292 Rwanda genocide: Nizeyimana convicted of killing Queen Gicanda], 19 June 2012, BBC, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> == Aho iherereye == Iyi ngoro ndangamurage iherereye ahari Icyicaro cy'Ikigo cy'Igihugu cy'Ingoro Ndangamurage z’u [[Rwanda]] i [[Huye (Akarere)|Huye]], mu birometero 132 mu majyepfo y'umurwa mukuru wa [[Kigali]]-u [[Rwanda]].<ref name=":0" /> == Imikorere == Nubwo bwose iyi nzu ndangamurage yubatswe mu mwaka w'1987, ubu iri mu nimwe mu mazu ndangamuco abitse bimwe mu byegeranyo byiza bya [[Afurika]]. Ibibuga byayo birindwi byerekana amateka, amoko, ubuhanzi nubucukuzi bwa kera biherekejwe nabafasha mu mashusho, biha abashyitsi ubushishozi bukomeye ku muco w’abanyarwanda<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=68 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-29 |archive-date=2021-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629093920/https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=68 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibyo wareba == {{Reflist}} # https://web.archive.org/web/20210629093920/https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=68 == Ibindi wareba == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911001027/http://www.museum.gov.rw/our-museums/ethnographic.html Ingoro ndangamurage] - Ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911001027/http://www.museum.gov.rw/our-museums/ethnographic.html cy'ingoro z'umurage] w'u Rwanda * [https://web.archive.org/*/http://www.museum.gov.rw Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda] (Archive) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20010122052300/http://www.nur.ac.rw/rwanda4.htm Inzu Ndangamurage y'u Rwanda] muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo muri Afurika]] iiusoiptd401x0sgv2fyl4qf18o201g 0 8535 140481 139097 2026-09-30T09:26:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140481 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Water_samples_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ishusho yerekana ubwuzuzanye hagati yumugabo numugore]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2018, igihugu cy'Afurika cy'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] kiza mu bihugu 5 bya mbere mu '''buringanire'''. Igitekerezo cy'uburinganire bwiganje muri iki gihugu cyavutse nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] yabaye mu 1994. Leta yiyemeje kubungabunga uburenganzira bungana bwabagore n'abagabo bitabangamiye amahame y'uburinganire no kuzuzanya mu iterambere ry'igihugu. Ibi bitekerezo bigaragazwa binyuze mu ruhare rw’abagore b’u Rwanda muri guverinoma, kubahiriza uburezi bw’umugore n’uruhare rw’umugore mu buvuzi bw’u Rwanda. Iki gihugu kandi cyafashe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri jenoside, rishyiraho gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu nyuma y'Umwanzuro w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye 1325, kandi uharanira ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rirangira. == Uburinganire muri guverinoma yu Rwanda == [[Dosiye:Intore_zi_irwanda.jpg|thumb|Uburinga mu mirimo kubitsina byombi]] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizweho kugira nibura 30 ku ijana [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|by'abadepite]] babe abagore. Mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya 80, abanyamuryango 46 bari igitsina gore mu 2003. Muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, harimo Minisiteri y'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura uburinganire, ndetse no kwiyemeza ingengo y’imari ishingiye ku gitsina iteza imbere uburinganire. Guverinoma ishyigikiye gahunda nka Women for Women International Rwanda, yibanda ku bagore b'igihugu kwigenga mu bukungu. Guverinoma kandi yateje imbere uburinganire mu Rwanda ikoresheje Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango. Mu mpinduka imwe ikomeye, abagore bahawe uburenganzira bumwe n’abagabo bwo kuzungura ubutaka no mu bindi bintu nko mu myanya imwe n'imwe ya leta, mu gisirikare, no mu burezi. == Gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside == [[File:Godelieve_Mukasarasi_colored.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi]] Gufata ku ngufu byakoreshejwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] n’abagabo b’Abahutu kugira ngo babone imbaraga no kugenzura abagore b’abatutsi. Iki gikorwa ndetse cyatewe inkunga n'abayobozi nk'intwaro y'intambara. Minisitiri w’abahutu w’umuryango n’ibibazo by’umugore mu Rwanda, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, yashishikarije abagabo b’Abahutu mu kuboneza urubyaro hagamijwe gufata ku ngufu. Mu magambo ya Nyiramasuhuko yagize ati: "Mbere yo kwica abo bagore, ugomba kubasambanya ku gahato." Umuryango w’abibumbye uvuga ko abagore bagera ku 250.000 kugeza 500.000 bafashwe ku ngufu mu gihe cya jenoside. Iyi mibare irashobora kuba yoroheje mugihe urebye ipfunwe rishingiye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu Rwanda. Igihe u Rwanda rwatangiraga gutunganya ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cya jenoside, amategeko y'u Rwanda yashyize mu majwi gufata ku ngufu nk'icyaha cya kane. Iki cyiciro gisa nuburemere bwo kwiba umutungo, utitaye ku ihungabana rikomeye aba bagore bashobora kuba bafite. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage Godeliève Mukasarasi yamenye ako karengane maze akoranya abarokotse ku ngufu muri jenoside kugira ngo batange ubuhamya bwabo mu Nteko. Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byemereye abadepite kubona ubukana bwo gufata ku ngufu mu ntambara na jenoside. Abashingamateka bo mu Rwanda bahinduye iki gikorwa mu mategeko ya jenoside bava mu cyiciro cya kane bagihindura icyaha cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere. Icyiciro cya mbere kingana no kwica umuntu kugirango akomeze impamvu za jenoside. Kwemeza ko gufata ku ngufu ari intwaro muri jenoside bishimangira iterambere ry’igihugu mu buringanire. Godelieve Mukasarasi yatangije kandi gahunda yiswe SEVOTA yo gufasha abagore n'abana bagezweho ningaruka zo gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside binyuze mu ihahamuka. SEVOTA isobanura Ubufatanye bwo Kubabara kw'abapfakazi n'imfubyi bigamije Akazi no Kwiteza imbere. Porogaramu ye ikoresha ubuhanzi nubusabane bwitsinda rito kugirango ifashe abagore nabana gusangira ubunararibonye no guca ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Iyi gahunda kandi ifasha gushyiraho umubano hagati yabana bavutse kubera gufatwa kungufu muri jenoside na ba nyina. SEVOTA iha abategarugori n’abacitse ku icumu ibikoresho byo kuvuga ku ngufu n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ikora kugira ngo ikureho isoni z’abaturage no kuzana imbaraga. == Umwanzuro w’umuryango w’abibumbye 1325 mu Rwanda == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wasohoye Icyemezo 1325 mu 2000 kugira ngo hemezwe ubwitange bwabo ku buringanire mpuzamahanga. Iyi nyandiko yakozwe nyuma y’amahano ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda kandi yibanda ku buryo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare mu makimbirane. Umwanzuro 1325 werekana cyane cyane uburyo ihohoterwa nka jenoside ribabaza cyane abagore n’abana. Aba bagore baba mu bihugu birimo amakimbirane nabo bagomba kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhosha umutekano. Umwanzuro urasobanura uburyo abagore bakeneye kugira ijambo rigaragara muri guverinoma zabo, bakwiriye kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu, bakeneye kurengerwa n’amategeko ku bitero bishingiye ku gitsina, kandi bagomba guhabwa uruhare muri gahunda z’ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa Icyemezo 1325 binyuze muri gahunda z’igihugu ziyemeje guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. U Rwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa umwanzuro 1325 mu mwaka wa 2010 hagamijwe guca ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu yanakoze ku mibanire y'abagabo n'abagore nyuma ya jenoside no kubyara ubukungu burambye ku bagore mu gihugu hose. Hariho ugushidikanya ku buryo Umwanzuro 1325 ugira ingaruka ku bagore baba mu turere tutishora muri politiki izwi cyane. Intsinzi yapimwe muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ntabwo yagize ibisubizo bifatika bifitanye isano nicyemezo. == Iterambere ry'uburezi == U Rwanda rwateje imbere uburezi bw'abakobwa kuva jenoside yabaye. Mu 2004, Task Force ishinzwe uburezi bw’abakobwa (GETF) yashinzwe muri minisiteri y’uburezi hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi ku bakobwa bakiri bato. Hashyizweho gahunda zo gufasha kwigisha abagore bashobora kuba barigeze kuba barangije amashuri kandi bikabemerera kwiga amashuri bangiwe. Izi gahunda zuburinganire mu burezi ntabwo ari iz'abakobwa gusa nubwo; gahunda zashyizwe mu bikorwa zemerera abahungu n’abakobwa kuganira ku burezi bw’umugore. Ikigo cya Aikiah nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’abagore bose mu Rwanda kandi gishyigikira uburinganire hagati y’uburinganire bw'umugore n’umugabo "bategura abanyeshuri babo kuba ejo hazaza h’igihugu." == Uburinganire hagati yuburinganire nubuvuzi == U Rwanda rwagize impinduka nyinshi mu guteza imbere uburinganire kuri bose, hamwe n’icyiciro kimwe bakoze kugira ngo bateze imbere ubuvuzi. Malariya, agakoko gatera SIDA na kolera byigeze kugaragara mu Rwanda. Icyakora, kuva itsembabwoko ryabaye mu 1994, u Rwanda rukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bishoboke. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yafatanije na Harvard's Public In Health ndetse n'umuvugizi w’ubuzima ku isi Paul Farmer. Hamwe niyi nkunga, guverinoma yu Rwanda yongeye gushyiraho gahunda y’ubuzima. Guteza imbere ubuzima bw’umugore byayobowe na minisitiri w’ubuzima mu Rwanda, [[Agnes Binagwaho]]. Binagwaho yashimangiye uburinganire muri gahunda y’ubuzima aharanira ko abakobwa bakiri bato bahabwa urukingo rwa HPV Byongeye kandi, u Rwanda rumwe rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruyobora amatsinda y’ibiganiro ku buzima bw’imyororokere ndetse no kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo bigishe abagore bo muri kaminuza ibijyanye n’ubuzima. == Kurangiza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina == N'ubwo u Rwanda rwemeje itegeko ku gufatwa ku ngufu kwabashakanye mu 2009, haracyari akazi ko guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu gihugu. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, 21 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe cy’amezi 12. Iyi mibare iracyari intambwe nini kuva igihe umubare munini wabagore bafashwe kungufu mugihe cya jenoside. Hashyizweho imiryango nk’Urugaga rw’Abagore mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gufasha kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na BioMed Central burasesengura igipimo cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside, cyane cyane mu myaka ya 2005 na 2010. Muri iki gihe, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina risobanurwa nk’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri, amarangamutima, imitekerereze, cyangwa igitsina mu mibanire. Nk’uko bitangazwa na BioMed Central, 34 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bavuga ko bari bafitanye umubano kandi bakarokoka ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu 2005. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera kuri 56 ku ijana mu 2010. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no kugabanya agasuzuguro ku bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda. Abagore bumva bamerewe neza mugihe basangira ibyababayeho. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi ba politiki b’abagore biyongereye cyane nyuma ya jenoside yabaye mu 2003, bivuguruza uruhare rw’uburinganire mu gihugu hose. BioMed Central yasanze kandi umubare w’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa ryashoboraga kwiyongera bitewe n’umubare ugaragara w’abagore bakomeye muri societe yu Rwanda. Izi nyigisho zombi zerekana ihinduka rito mu mahame mbonezamubano yerekeye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo mu mashami muri kaminuza y'u Rwanda, Kigali, kaminuza ya Umeå, Suwede, na kaminuza ya Gothenburg, muri Suwede, bwakoze iperereza ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa ba hafi mu Rwanda. Aya makuru yerekana ko nubwo leta yu Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa, amahame mbonezamubano ku bagore yari agihuye n’inshingano gakondo zishingiye ku gitsina. Izi ngingo zinyuranye zagize ingaruka ku buryo abagore bakoresha umutungo igihe bahuye n’ihohoterwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kurandura burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, impinduka zigomba kuva mu muryango w’u Rwanda kimwe na politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa. == Guteza imbere uburinganire == Abagore bo mu Rwanda na bo bagiye gukora kugira ngo icyuho cy’imishahara gishingiye ku gitsina kiveho. Mu 2018, Abanyarwanda binjiza amafaranga mirongo inani n'umunani ugereranyije n'idorari ry'umugabo, Ibi bigashyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 25 mu buringanire bw’ubukungu hagati y’uburinganire. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] kbz4fvwe1sb3gt4ofq1nf94rzndwj7i 0 8536 140482 139098 2026-09-30T09:26:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140482 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Water_samples_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|ishusho yerekana ubwuzuzanye hagati yumugabo numugore]] [[Dosiye:Rwanda_banana.jpg|thumb|Uburinganire mu bucuruzi ]] Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2018, igihugu cy'Afurika cy'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] kiza mu bihugu 5 bya mbere mu '''buringanire'''. Igitekerezo cy'uburinganire bwiganje muri iki gihugu cyavutse nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] yabaye mu 1994. Leta yiyemeje kubungabunga uburenganzira bungana bwabagore n'abagabo bitabangamiye amahame y'uburinganire no kuzuzanya mu iterambere ry'igihugu. Ibi bitekerezo bigaragazwa binyuze mu ruhare rw’abagore b’u Rwanda muri guverinoma, kubahiriza uburezi bw’umugore n’uruhare rw’umugore mu buvuzi bw’u Rwanda. Iki gihugu kandi cyafashe ingamba zihamye zo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina muri jenoside, rishyiraho gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu nyuma y'Umwanzuro w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye 1325, kandi uharanira ko ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina rirangira. [[Dosiye:Abagore_bavuye_gutashya.jpg|thumb|Abagore]] == Uburinganire muri guverinoma yu Rwanda == Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizweho kugira nibura 30 ku ijana [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|by'abadepite]] babe [[Umugore|abagore]]. Mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya 80, abanyamuryango 46 bari igitsina gore mu 2003. Muri guverinoma y'u Rwanda, harimo Minisiteri y'Uburinganire n'Iterambere ry'Umuryango, ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura uburinganire, ndetse no kwiyemeza ingengo y’imari ishingiye ku gitsina iteza imbere uburinganire. Guverinoma ishyigikiye gahunda nka Women for Women International Rwanda, yibanda ku bagore b'igihugu kwigenga mu bukungu. Guverinoma kandi yateje imbere uburinganire mu Rwanda ikoresheje Minisiteri y’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango. Mu mpinduka imwe ikomeye, abagore bahawe uburenganzira bumwe n’abagabo bwo kuzungura ubutaka no mu bindi bintu nko mu myanya imwe n'imwe ya leta, mu gisirikare, no mu burezi. == Gufatwa ku ngufu muri Jenoside == [[File:Godelieve_Mukasarasi_colored.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi]] Gufata ku ngufu byakoreshejwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] n’abagabo b’Abahutu kugira ngo babone imbaraga no kugenzura abagore b’abatutsi. Iki gikorwa ndetse cyatewe inkunga n'abayobozi nk'intwaro y'intambara. Minisitiri w’abahutu w’umuryango n’ibibazo by’umugore mu Rwanda, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, yashishikarije abagabo b’Abahutu mu kuboneza urubyaro hagamijwe gufata ku ngufu. Mu magambo ya Nyiramasuhuko yagize ati: "Mbere yo kwica abo bagore, ugomba kubasambanya ku gahato." Umuryango w’abibumbye uvuga ko abagore bagera ku 250.000 kugeza 500.000 bafashwe ku ngufu mu gihe cya jenoside. Iyi mibare irashobora kuba yoroheje mugihe urebye ipfunwe rishingiye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu Rwanda. Igihe u Rwanda rwatangiraga gutunganya ibyaha byakozwe mu gihe cya jenoside, amategeko y'u Rwanda yashyize mu majwi gufata ku ngufu nk'icyaha cya kane. Iki cyiciro gisa nuburemere bwo kwiba umutungo, utitaye ku ihungabana rikomeye aba bagore bashobora kuba bafite. Ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abaturage Godeliève Mukasarasi yamenye ako karengane maze akoranya abarokotse ku ngufu muri jenoside kugira ngo batange ubuhamya bwabo mu Nteko. Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byemereye abadepite kubona ubukana bwo gufata ku ngufu mu ntambara na jenoside. Abashingamateka bo mu Rwanda bahinduye iki gikorwa mu mategeko ya jenoside bava mu cyiciro cya kane bagihindura icyaha cyo mu cyiciro cya mbere. Icyiciro cya mbere kingana no kwica umuntu kugirango akomeze impamvu za jenoside. Kwemeza ko gufata ku ngufu ari intwaro muri jenoside bishimangira iterambere ry’igihugu mu buringanire. Godelieve Mukasarasi yatangije kandi gahunda yiswe SEVOTA yo gufasha abagore n'abana bagezweho ningaruka zo gufatwa ku ngufu muri jenoside binyuze mu ihahamuka. SEVOTA isobanura Ubufatanye bwo Kubabara kw'abapfakazi n'imfubyi bigamije Akazi no Kwiteza imbere. Porogaramu ye ikoresha ubuhanzi nubusabane bwitsinda rito kugirango ifashe abagore nabana gusangira ubunararibonye no guca ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Iyi gahunda kandi ifasha gushyiraho umubano hagati yabana bavutse kubera gufatwa kungufu muri jenoside na ba nyina. SEVOTA iha abategarugori n’abacitse ku icumu ibikoresho byo kuvuga ku ngufu n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ikora kugira ngo ikureho isoni z’abaturage no kuzana imbaraga. == Umwanzuro w’umuryango w’abibumbye 1325 mu Rwanda == [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] wasohoye Icyemezo 1325 mu 2000 kugira ngo hemezwe ubwitange bwabo ku buringanire mpuzamahanga. Iyi nyandiko yakozwe nyuma y’amahano ya jenoside yo mu Rwanda kandi yibanda ku buryo ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryagize uruhare mu makimbirane. Umwanzuro 1325 werekana cyane cyane uburyo ihohoterwa nka jenoside ribabaza cyane abagore n’abana. Aba bagore baba mu bihugu birimo amakimbirane nabo bagomba kugira uruhare runini mubikorwa byo guhosha umutekano. Umwanzuro urasobanura uburyo abagore bakeneye kugira ijambo rigaragara muri guverinoma zabo, bakwiriye kurindwa ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no gufata ku ngufu, bakeneye kurengerwa n’amategeko ku bitero bishingiye ku gitsina, kandi bagomba guhabwa uruhare muri gahunda z’ubutabazi bwihutirwa. Ibihugu byinshi byashyize mu bikorwa Icyemezo 1325 binyuze muri gahunda z’igihugu ziyemeje guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. U Rwanda rwashyize mu bikorwa umwanzuro 1325 mu mwaka wa 2010 hagamijwe guca ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu yanakoze ku mibanire y'abagabo n'abagore nyuma ya jenoside no kubyara ubukungu burambye ku bagore mu gihugu hose. Hariho ugushidikanya ku buryo Umwanzuro 1325 ugira ingaruka ku bagore baba mu turere tutishora muri politiki izwi cyane. Intsinzi yapimwe muri gahunda y'ibikorwa by'igihugu ntabwo yagize ibisubizo bifatika bifitanye isano nicyemezo. == Iterambere ry'uburezi == U Rwanda rwateje imbere uburezi bw'abakobwa kuva jenoside yabaye. Mu 2004, Task Force ishinzwe uburezi bw’abakobwa (GETF) yashinzwe muri minisiteri y’uburezi hagamijwe guteza imbere uburezi ku bakobwa bakiri bato. Hashyizweho gahunda zo gufasha kwigisha abagore bashobora kuba barigeze kuba barangije amashuri kandi bikabemerera kwiga amashuri bangiwe. Izi gahunda zuburinganire mu burezi ntabwo ari iz'abakobwa gusa nubwo; gahunda zashyizwe mu bikorwa zemerera abahungu n’abakobwa kuganira ku burezi bw’umugore. Ikigo cya Aikiah nicyo kigo cya mbere cy’abagore bose mu Rwanda kandi gishyigikira uburinganire hagati y’uburinganire bw'umugore n’umugabo "bategura abanyeshuri babo kuba ejo hazaza h’igihugu." == Uburinganire hagati yuburinganire nubuvuzi == U Rwanda rwagize impinduka nyinshi mu guteza imbere uburinganire kuri bose, hamwe n’icyiciro kimwe bakoze kugira ngo bateze imbere ubuvuzi. Malariya, agakoko gatera SIDA na kolera byigeze kugaragara mu Rwanda. Icyakora, kuva itsembabwoko ryabaye mu 1994, u Rwanda rukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ibintu bishoboke. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yafatanije na Harvard's Public In Health ndetse n'umuvugizi w’ubuzima ku isi Paul Farmer. Hamwe niyi nkunga, guverinoma yu Rwanda yongeye gushyiraho gahunda y’ubuzima. Guteza imbere ubuzima bw’umugore byayobowe na minisitiri w’[[Ubuzima Mu Rwanda|ubuzima mu Rwanda]], [[Agnes Binagwaho]]. Binagwaho yashimangiye uburinganire muri gahunda y’ubuzima aharanira ko abakobwa bakiri bato bahabwa urukingo rwa HPV Byongeye kandi, u Rwanda rumwe rw’umuryango w’abibumbye ruyobora amatsinda y’ibiganiro ku buzima bw’imyororokere ndetse no kuringaniza imbyaro kugira ngo bigishe abagore bo muri kaminuza ibijyanye n’ubuzima. == Kurangiza ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina == N'ubwo u Rwanda rwemeje itegeko ku gufatwa ku ngufu kwabashakanye mu 2009, haracyari akazi ko guhagarika ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu gihugu. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2015, 21 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bahuye n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina no mu mibonano mpuzabitsina mu gihe cy’amezi 12. Iyi mibare iracyari intambwe nini kuva igihe umubare munini wabagore bafashwe kungufu mugihe cya jenoside. Hashyizweho imiryango nk’Urugaga rw’Abagore mu Rwanda mu rwego rwo gufasha kurwanya ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu ngo n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na BioMed Central burasesengura igipimo cy’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside, cyane cyane mu myaka ya 2005 na 2010. Muri iki gihe, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina risobanurwa nk’ihohoterwa ry’umubiri, amarangamutima, imitekerereze, cyangwa igitsina mu mibanire. Nk’uko bitangazwa na BioMed Central, 34 ku ijana by'abagore bo mu Rwanda bavuga ko bari bafitanye umubano kandi bakarokoka ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina mu 2005. Uyu mubare wazamutse ugera kuri 56 ku ijana mu 2010. Uku kwiyongera gushobora guterwa no kugabanya agasuzuguro ku bijyanye n’ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa mu Rwanda. Abagore bumva bamerewe neza mugihe basangira ibyababayeho. Byongeye kandi, abayobozi ba politiki b’abagore biyongereye cyane nyuma ya jenoside yabaye mu 2003, bivuguruza uruhare rw’uburinganire mu gihugu hose. BioMed Central yasanze kandi umubare w’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa ryashoboraga kwiyongera bitewe n’umubare ugaragara w’abagore bakomeye muri societe yu Rwanda. Izi nyigisho zombi zerekana ihinduka rito mu mahame mbonezamubano yerekeye ku ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina. Ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashakashatsi bo mu mashami muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]], [[Kigali]], kaminuza ya Umeå, [[Suwede]], na kaminuza ya Gothenburg, muri Suwede, bwakoze iperereza ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abafatanyabikorwa ba hafi mu Rwanda. Aya makuru yerekana ko nubwo leta yu Rwanda yafashe icyemezo cyo kurwanya ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ry’abafatanyabikorwa, amahame mbonezamubano ku bagore yari agihuye n’inshingano gakondo zishingiye ku gitsina. Izi ngingo zinyuranye zagize ingaruka ku buryo abagore bakoresha umutungo igihe bahuye n’ihohoterwa. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko kurandura burundu ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, impinduka zigomba kuva mu muryango w’u Rwanda kimwe na politiki yashyizwe mu bikorwa. == Guteza imbere uburinganire == Abagore bo mu Rwanda na bo bagiye gukora kugira ngo icyuho cy’imishahara gishingiye ku gitsina kiveho. Mu 2018, Abanyarwanda binjiza amafaranga mirongo inani n'umunani ugereranyije n'idorari ry'umugabo, Ibi bigashyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 25 mu buringanire bw’ubukungu hagati y’uburinganire. [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] cdca34j3jnsalhrwoikyl5yvkezsgbj 0 8553 140483 140265 2026-09-30T09:26:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140483 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda_Butare.png|right|thumb|Ikarita yerekana Intara ya Butare]] '''Butare''' yari intara ( ''perefegitura'' ) y'u Rwanda mbere yuko iseswa muri Mutarama 2006. Umujyi wa [[Butare]] niwo mujyi wa kabiri munini mu [[Rwanda]] kandi ni imwe mu [[Intara y’u Rwanda|ntara]] zahoze ari [[Intara y’u Rwanda|intara]] cumi na zibiri. Iherereye mu majyepfo yo hagati mu gihugu kandi ihana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] mu majyepfo. yari ifite abaturage 77.449 guhera muri Mutarama 2006. == Amateka == Butare cg ahahoze hitwa perefegitura ya Butare. ubu hasigeye hazwi ku izina rya Huye kandi kera hahoze yitwa Astrida, ni umujyi wa karindwi munini mu Rwanda ukurikije abaturage. Abategetsi b'abakoloni b'Ababiligi bashinze kandi bita uwo mujyi Astrida, mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Umwamikazi Astrid w'Ababiligi. [2] Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yahinduye izina ry'umujyi igihe yabonye ubwigenge mu 1962 nuko bahita i Butare. == Ibisobanuro == Butare yari iherereye mu majyepfo y'iburengerazuba bw'igihugu kandi ihana imbibi [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]]. Uburinganire bwayo bwari bujyanye n’ibindi bihugu byose byo mu Rwanda, kandi byari imisozi ugereranije na [[Tanzaniya]] ikikije, ariko ntibyari imisozi nk’amajyaruguru yu Rwanda. == Jenoside == [[Dosiye:Flag of the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development (MRND).png|thumb|310x310px|MRND]] Mu buhamya bwatanzwe mu rukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u Rwanda (ICTR) rwakoze iperereza kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, impuguke André Guichaoua yavuze ko Butare ari "intara y’inyeshyamba." Butare ni perefegitura yonyine iyobowe [[Abatutsi|n'Umututsi]], Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana, warwanyije byimazeyo jenoside. Kubera ko yari ifite umubare munini w'Abatutsi, politiki ya perefegitura yiganjemo Parti Social Démocrate (PSD), aho kuba Mouvement Républicain National pour la Démocratie et le développement (MRND), aho [[Interahamwe|Interahamwe za]] jenoside zakuye abayoboke. Interahamwe muri Butare rero ntizari nyinshi kandi zitunganijwe neza kurusha bagenzi babo bo mu bindi bice by'[[igihugu]]. Igihe igihugu cyatangiraga kumena amaraso nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenal Habyarimana]] (ntaho ahuriye na perefe) ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Butare ntiyigeze ikorwaho, usibye komini ya Nyakizu. Abatutsi benshi bahunze urugomo mu tundi turere tw’igihugu basanze ubuhungiro i Butare. [[Dosiye:Graves with Victim of 1994 Genocide - Catholic Cathedral - Huye (Butare) - Rwanda (9009579800).jpg|thumb|Butare]] Umutuzo wamaze ibyumweru bibiri. Perezida w'agateganyo Théodore Sindikubwabo, na we ukomoka mu gace ka Butare, yashyizeho perefe mushya ku ya 19 Mata mu birori byabereye mu murwa mukuru wa perefegitura. Perefe Habyalimana nyuma yaho gato arafatwa aricwa. Umwe mu bajegukurikiraho gupfa ni uwahoze ari [[Rosalie Gicanda|Umwamikazi Rosalie Gicanda]], wasobanuwe n'ubushinjacyaha bwa ICTR ko ari "ikimenyetso cy'amateka ku Batutsi bose". Paramilitary imitwe n'Interahamwe bari hanyuma bubona mu [[Kigali]], ikimenyetso ntangiriro bwicanyi. Hasabwe ko ubuyobozi bwa guverinoma y'Abahutu bwahangayikishijwe cyane na Butare kuko benshi muri bo bari kavukire; uretse Sindikubwabo, Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Jean Kambanda]] (umuntu wa mbere uhamijwe icyaha TPIR), General Augustin Ndindiliyimana (umutwe wa Gendarmie), na Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, wari minisitiri wa abagore n'umuryango bari bose bavukiye mu Butare. N'ubwo itsembabwoko ryatinze ibyumweru bibiri, 220.000 baje kwicwa. Iba barenga 20% byuzuye hamwe umubara usumba kure iya perefegitura iyo ari yo yose. == Amahuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041222095714/http://www.minecofin.gov.rw/poverty_reduction/butare_pilot.htm Butare Pilote] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20041229044610/http://www.rwandatourism.com/kigali.htm Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda kuri Kigali na Butare] * [http://allafrica.com/stories/200502180725.html Butare, Umujyi 'Umunyabwenge' warushije agaciro, Ndetse no muri Jenoside], ibiro ntaramakuru bya Hirondelle, ku ya 18 Gashyantare 2005 Coordinates: 2°36′S 29°45′E / 2.6°S 29.75°E / -2.6; 29.75 [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] dmph5v19magd7pzvjpcwkq741n6dqsv 0 8554 140484 135956 2026-09-30T09:26:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140484 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Huye City University building.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|univercity]] [[Dosiye:Pupil washes hands during COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana.jpg|thumb|ishuri]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20201027090022/http://iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/ IPRC Huye], ishuri rikuru ry’u [[Rwanda]] ry’Imyuga n’ubumenyingiro – Koleji ya Huye, ryahoze ari IPRC y’Amajyepfo iherereye mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]], ikaba yaranahoze ari Ishuri Rikuru rya Gisirikare ry’abasirikare b’abofisiye bato “Ecole des Sous-Officiers (ESO)”.<ref>Ex-military school turned into technical college, https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/57616</ref><ref>ecole des sous officiers de butare, <nowiki>https://books.google.rw/books?id=2ZSrZ9Y5zF4C&pg=PA74&lpg=PA74&dq=ecole+des+sous+officiers+de+butare&source=bl&ots=6hBaGkSi6O&sig=ACfU3U0p5-OQh8zqc0DF97VnTzLGnM_YAg&hl=rw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjttMn037vsAhWoy4UKHTZZAco4FBDoATAAegQIBBAC#v=onepage&q=ecole%20des%20sous%20officiers%20de%20butare&f=false</nowiki></ref> Ubu, ni imwe mu ma Koleji arindwi agize [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021094148/https://rp.ac.rw/index.php?id=2 Rwanda Polytechnic (RP)] , kimwe mu bigo bya [https://web.archive.org/web/20201025194928/https://mineduc.gov.rw/index.php?id=23 Minisiteri y'Uburezi]. Iri shuri ryashinzwe mu mwaka wa 2012 ku bufatanye bwa [[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Rwanda)#cite_note-1|Minisiteri y’Ingabo]] n’iy’[[:en:Ministry_of_Education_(Rwanda)|Uburezi]] mu [[Rwanda]], rikomeza gukorera mu kigo cy’icyahoze ari ishuri rya gisirikare. Kugeza ubu, iri Shuri Rikuru rimaze gusohora abarirangizamo ubugira gatatu kandi abenshi muri bo bakorera [[igihugu]] mu nzego zitandukanye, abandi barikorera<ref>80% by’abarangiza muri IPRC South bahita babona akazi, October 10 2017, <nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/ibikorwa-by-uburezi/article/80-by-abarangiza-muri-iprc-south-bahita-babona-akazi</nowiki></ref>. == Amateka == [[IPRC Huye]] yatangiye ikorera I Kavumu mu [[:en:Southern_Province,_Rwanda|Ntara y’Amjyepfo]] y’u [[Rwanda]], [[akarere ka Nyanza]], Umurenge wa [[Busasamana]]. Mu mwaka wa 2010, [[:en:Ministry_of_Education_(Rwanda)|Minisiteri y’Uburezi]] n’Iy’[[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Rwanda)|Ingabo]] zagiranye amasezerano yo gushyiraho Ishuri ry’Imyuga n’Ubumenyingiro mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] ahahoze Ishuri rikuru rya Gisirikare ryari rizwi nka ESO kuko Kavumu hari hato hadashobora gushyirwa Ishuri rinini nk’iri ryari ririmo kwaguka cyane. [[:en:Ministry_of_Defence_(Rwanda)|Minisiteri y’ingabo]] ni yo yatangiye kurivugurura ariko [https://web.archive.org/web/20201202152003/https://www.wda.gov.rw/ Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe guteza imbere Imyuga WDA] kigatanga ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe bikenewe.<ref>Mu yahoze ari ESO ubu hakorera ishuri rikuru ry’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro rizwi nka IPRC South, <nowiki>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-ya-jenoside-mu-yahoze-ari-eso-akomeje-kuba-amayobera?url_reload=7</nowiki></ref> [[Dosiye:Edifice Henri-Julien - 05.jpg|thumb|Inzu]] Mu 2012, Ishuri ryimuye icyicaro riva I Kavumu ryerekeza ahahoze ESO mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], [[Akarere ka Huye]], Umurenge wa Ngoma, Akagari ka Butare, Umudugudu wa Bukinanyana ku muhanda uvuye ku isoko rikuru rya Huye werekeza ku [https://web.archive.org/web/20201023205642/http://www.chub.rw/index.php?id=2 Bitaro bya Kaminuza bya Butare CHUB].<ref>Higher Learning Institutions located in Butare, <nowiki>http://197.243.22.137/Huye8/fileadmin/templates/amatangazo/AMASHURI_MAKURU.pdf</nowiki></ref> Mu Kuboza 2012, Ishuri ryatangiye kwigisha abanyeshuri nyuma riza gufungurwa ku mugaragaro na Minisitiri w’Uburezi [[:en:Vincent_Biruta|Dr. BIRUTA Vincent]] ari hamwe na Minisitiri w’Ingabo [[:en:James_Kabarebe|Gen. James Kabarebe]], ku wa 27 Kamena 2013.<ref>Integrated Polytechnic Regional College – Huye, <nowiki>https://www.schoolandcollegelistings.com/XX/Unknown/389896337785423/IPRC-Huye</nowiki></ref> <ref>TVET Schools in HUYE District, <nowiki>http://197.243.22.137/Huye8/fileadmin/user_upload/TVT_SCHOOLS.pdf</nowiki></ref> Intego nyamukuru yo gushinga iri shuri yari iyo kwigisha abana b’abanyarwanda imyuga n’ubumenyingiro kugira ngo babashe gutanga umusanzu wabo mu iterambere n’imibereho myiza y’Igihugu. Icyo gihe, ishuri ryakoraga nk’ishami rya [https://web.archive.org/web/20201202152003/https://www.wda.gov.rw/ WDA] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] kandi rikareberera ibikorwa, birimo n’imyigishirize, by’amashuri y’Imyuga yo mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]]. Muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]], muri iri shuri hari abasirikare bivugwa ko bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bari mu cyahoze ari Butare harimo n’[[Umugabekazi]] w’u [[Rwanda]] [[Rosalie Gicanda]] wishwe ku wa 20 Mata 1994 bitegetswe n’Umusirikare wayoboraga iri shuri.<ref>Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène (April 20, 2020), APRIL 20, 1994: THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GENOCIDE PERPETRATED AGAINST TUTSI THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY, <nowiki>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=0&tx_news_pi1</nowiki>[news]=4124&tx_news_pi1[controller]=News&tx_news_pi1[action]=detail&cHash=e7e29602ca3feb2f827aaed6c518bf34</ref> <ref>International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, December 17 2010, p.5. <nowiki>https://unictr.irmct.org/sites/unictr.org/files/case-documents/ictr-00-55c/indictments/fr/101217.pdf</nowiki></ref> <ref>CAPITAINE DES EX-FAR CONDAMNE A MORT POUR GENOCIDE, August 08, 1998, <nowiki>https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/hirondelle-news/7702-capitaine-des-ex-far-condamne-a-mort-pour-genocide4492.html</nowiki></ref> <ref>Ildéphonse Nizeyimana Sentenced to Life Imprisonment, 19 Jun 2012, <nowiki>https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/ild%C3%A9phonse-nizeyimana-sentenced-life-imprisonment</nowiki></ref> <ref>The Prosecutor v. Ildéphonse Nizeyimana, 19 June 2012, <nowiki>http://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/131/Nizeyimana/</nowiki></ref><ref>“LET THEM STAND ASIDE FOR US AND LET US WORK”, <nowiki>https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno11-4-02.htm</nowiki></ref> == Amashami == Kuva iri shuri ryatangira ryishije amasomo y’igihe kinini amara imyaka itatu n’andi y’igihe gito amara umwaka cyangwa amezi atatu. Mu masomo y’igihe kirekire aho urangije atahana impamyabumenyi, hari amashami atandatu: Ikoranabuhanga n’itumanaho (ICT)<ref>ICT Department https://web.archive.org/web/20201022154337/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub111&&m=ict</ref>, Ikoranabuhanga mu mashanyarazi na Elegitroniki<ref>Electrical and Electronics Engineering https://web.archive.org/web/20201021023136/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub112&&m=eet</ref>, Ubuhanga mu Bwubatsi<ref>Civil Engineering Department https://web.archive.org/web/20201020194056/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub113&&m=cect</ref>, Ubuhanga mu gukanika ibikoresho byo mu Nganda<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mechanical Engineering Departmment http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub114&&m=mcl |url=http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub114&&m=mcl |accessdate=2020-10-19 |archive-date=2020-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032124/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub114&&m=mcl |deadurl=yes }}</ref>, Ubuhinzi<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agricultural Engineering Department http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub116&&m=agr |url=http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub116&&m=agr |accessdate=2020-10-19 |archive-date=2020-10-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201024232817/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub116&&m=agr |deadurl=yes }}</ref> ndetse n’ubworozi<ref>Veterinary Technology Department https://web.archive.org/web/20201026032123/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub115&&m=vet</ref>. Abiga igihe gito na bo biga muri ayo mashami wongeyeho iry’Amahoteri, guteka, kumesa, gukoropa no kwakira abantu dore ko mu [[Rwanda]] ibijyanye n’[[:en:Tourism_in_Rwanda|ubukerarugendo]] ari bimwe mu byo igihugu gishyize imbere, ariko hagafatwamo amasomo amwe n’amwe yabafasha kwihangira imirimo. Aha ni na ho bamwe mu mpunzi ziri mu nkambi mu [[Rwanda]] bagenda bazanwa kwiga imyuga mu rwego rwo kubafasha kwiyumva mu muryango nyarwanda.<ref>E-learning Program for refugees, <nowiki>https://www.unhcr.org/rw/refugee/protection-updates</nowiki></ref> Ubu hanatangijwe gahunda yo gufasha abasanzwe bafite imyuga bazi ariko batashoboye kuyiga, gukora ibizamini maze utsinze agahabwa Inyemezabumenyi kugira ngo bizamworohere kubona akazi cyangwa gukora kinyamwuga ibyo azabasha kwikorera. Hari kandi Amashami abiri y’inyongera afasha umunyeshuri gusohoka ashobora kuzahangana ku isoko ry’umurimi: [[Icyongereza]] no [[:en:Entrepreneurship|kwihangira imirimo]] ndetse n’[[:en:Science|amasiyansi]] nk’[[:en:Mathematics|imibare]], [[:en:Physics|ubugenge]] n’[[:en:Chemistry|ubutabire]]. [[Dosiye:Iprc_kigali.jpg|thumb|umwuga w'ububaji]] [[Dosiye:Minna3D_5.jpg|thumb|Ikoranabuhanga]] == Abarangije == Kuva mu ntango, [[IPRC Huye]] imaze gusohora ibyiciro bitatu by’abarangije. Bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 2017, harangije 349 barimo abagore 60 n’abagabo 289. Bwa kabiri mu 2018 nyuma gato y’aho hagiriyeho [http://www.rwandapolytechnic.ac.rw/ Ishuri rikuru ry’u Rwanda ry’Imyuga n’Ubumenyingiro RP] ari na ho [[IPRC Huye]] yabaye Koleji, harangije 360 barimo abagore 73 n’abagabo 287.<ref>RP Graduated over 2000 at its 2nd Graduatio, https://web.archive.org/web/20201021151340/https://www.rp.ac.rw/index.php?id=44&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=69&tx_news_pi1%5Bday%5D=21&tx_news_pi1%5Bmonth%5D=3&tx_news_pi1%5Byear%5D=2019&cHash=62020252a769e22a2fe50c30e78d23ba</ref> Bwa gatatu ni mu 2019, mu muhango wabereye mu nzu y’imyidagaduro igezweho ya [[:en:Kigali_Arena|Kigali Arena]], harangije 325 barimo abagore 78 n’abagabo 247.<ref>RP holds its 3rd graduation, https://web.archive.org/web/20201021151346/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/viewnews.php?PID=11</ref> == Ubuzima bw’abanyeshuri == Ubundi yitwa umunyeshuri, umuntu wese wiyandikishije kandi akemererwa kwiga muri iri shuri. Abaryigamo bagira uburenganzira bwo kwishimisha, kugira ubuzima, kwiga, kugira icumbi, gushinga amatsinda ayo ari yose yaba ay’imyemerere, ay’umuco n’ibindi. Gusa, ikoreshwa ry’[[:en:Toxicity|ibiyobyabwenge]] ntiryemewe.<ref>IPRC Huye code of conduct, https://web.archive.org/web/20201020164745/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/image/STUDENT-REGULATIONS-AND-CODE-OF-CONDUCT.pdf</ref> == Imikino == [[Umukino|Imikino]] muri [[IPRC Huye]] ifatwa nka kimwe mu bituma hatangwa [[:en:Education|uburezi]] bufite iremwe. Ni na yo mpamvu nk’abakozi buri wa gatanu wa buri cyumweru bakorera hamwe [[siporo]] rusange. Ishuri kandi rifite amakipe akomeye mu mikino y’intoki ya [[:en:Basketball|basketball]] na [[:en:Volleyball|Volleyball]] haba mu bagore no mu bagabo. Aya makipe yitabira amarushanwa akomeye mu gihugu nka shamiyona, iry’[[:en:Heroes'_Day|intwari]] n’andi kandi hose agatahukana intsinzi.<ref>IPRC Huye BBC yigaranzuye The Hoops, itwara igikombe k’irushanwa ry’Intwari 2020, <nowiki>https://www.rwandamagazine.com/imikino/article/iprc-huye-bbc-yigaranzuye-the-hoops-itwara-igikombe-k-irushanwa-ry-intwari-2020</nowiki></ref> <ref>REG BBC, RP-IPRC Huye WBBC lift Basketball National Heroes’ cup, <nowiki>https://en.igihe.com/news/reg-bbc-rp-iprc-huye-wbbc-lift-basketball.html</nowiki></ref> == Guhanga udushya == [[:en:Research|Ubushakashatsi]] no [[:en:Innovation|guhanga ibishya]] ni imwe mu nkingi za mwamba iri shuri rishingiyeho. Hari Komite ishinzwe kureba uko [[:en:Innovation|ibishya]] bikwiye guhangwa irebererwa n’Umuyobozi mukuru wungirije ushinzwe amasomo n’amahugurwa. Abashya baza kwiga muri iri shuri basabwa nibura kuzarangiza bgize agashya bahanga.<ref>Abatangira muri IPRC-Huye barasabwa guhanga udushya bacyiga, <nowiki>https://www.kigalitoday.com/uburezi/amashuri/article/abatangizi-muri-iprc-huye-barasabwa-guhanga-udushya-bacyiga</nowiki></ref> Ingufu zashyizwemo, zatumye mu mwaka wa 2018 ubwo habaga umuhango wo guha impamyabumenyi abarangije mu [http://www.rwandapolytechnic.ac.rw/ Ishuri rikuru ry’u Rwanda ry’imyuga n’ubumenyingiro] bwa mbere, [[IPRC Huye]] yahawe igihembo cy’uko yabaye indashyikirwa mu [[:en:Innovation|guhanga udushya]] nyuma y’aho abanyeshuri babiri bari bayirangijemo mu [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021023136/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub112&&m=eet ishami rya Elegitroniki] BISIMWA Seth and MANIRUMVA Frank bakoze imashini irarira ikanaturaga amagi mu buryo bugezweho. <ref>Huye: Abiga muri IPRC South bakoze urugi rufunguzwa imibare y’ibinga-Menya ibindi bakoze, <nowiki>https://www.umubavu.com/amakuru/article/Huye-Abiga-muri-IPRC-South-bakoze-urugi-rufunguzwa-imibare-y-ibinga-Menya-ibindi-bakoze</nowiki></ref> == Ubuyobozi == Ishuri riyoborwa n’umuyobozi mukuru witwa Principal ukora munsi y’[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/229822 Umuyobozi mukuru] wa [http://www.rwandapolytechnic.ac.rw/ RP] ndetse na Minisitiri w’Uburezi. Uyu muyobozi yungirizwa n’abandi babiri, ushinzwe amasomo n’amahungurwa n’undi ushinzwe imirimo rusange ureberera cyane abakora mu ishami ry’imari, ry’imyubakire n’ibikorwaremezo n’iry’imibereho y’abanyeshuri.<ref>Law establishing RP and IPRCs, https://web.archive.org/web/20201020173638/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/admin/uploads/documents/OG+N0+07+of+12-02-2018f+f+pdf.pdf</ref> Kuva ishuri ryatangira ryayobowe na [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021221208/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/index-2.php?page=sub1&&m=ab Majoro Dogiteri TWABAGIRA Barnabe]. == IPRC Huye n’Icyorezo cya Koronavirusi == Kuva muri werurwe 2020, ubwo hagaragaraga umurwayi wa mbere wa [[Icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu Rwanda|Koronavirusi]] mu [[Rwanda]], Iri shuri kimwe n’andi yo mu gihugu ryahise rifunga imiryango, abanyeshuri n’abarimu barataha ariko amasomo akomeza gutangwa binyuze kuri murandasi.<ref>RP E-learning platform, <nowiki>https://elearning.rp.ac.rw/course/index.php?categoryid=6</nowiki></ref> Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira tariki ya 19 mu mwaka wa 2020, ni bwo imiryango yongeye gufungurwa ariko habanza gusubukura amasomo ku biga mu mwaka wa gatatu urangiza, abandi bakazagenda bakurikiraho mu byiciro.<ref>Announcement for IPRCs re-opening, https://web.archive.org/web/20201021184941/http://www.iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/admin/uploads/documents/Announcement%20for%20RP-IPRCs%20REOPENING.pdf</ref> == Imiyoboro == [[Category:Rwanda]] <references />Reba IPRC Huye website, https://web.archive.org/web/20201027090022/http://iprchuye.rp.ac.rw/ Rwanda Polytechnic Website, https://web.archive.org/web/20201021094148/https://rp.ac.rw/index.php?id=2 Workforce Development Authority Website, https://web.archive.org/web/20201202152003/https://www.wda.gov.rw/ Rwanda Ministry of Education website, https://web.archive.org/web/20201025194928/https://mineduc.gov.rw/index.php?id=23 [[Category:Uburezi]] [[Category:Kaminuza]] [[Category:Afurika]] obrljab08s84opbgephw9t150tf439a 0 8555 140485 127855 2026-09-30T09:26:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140485 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Goma - North Kivu (20874585058).jpg|thumb|Goma|314x314px]] [[Dosiye:Ville de goma 2023.jpg|thumb|umugi wa Goma|309x309px]] '''Goma''' ni [[umurwa]] mukuru w'intara [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|ya Kivu]] y'Amajyaruguru mu burasirazuba bwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] . Iherereye ku nkombe yo mu majyaruguru [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], iruhande rw'umujyi wa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] wo mu [[Rwanda]] . Ikiyaga hamwe ni mijyi yombi iri muri Albertine Rift, ishami ry'uburengerazuba bwa sisitemu yo muri Afrika y'uburasirazuba . Goma iri muri km 13–18 gusa majyepfo y'ikirunga cya Nyiragongo . Amateka ya vuba ya Goma yiganjemo [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|ikirunga]] na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, ari na yo yongereye Intambara ya mbere n'iya kabiri ya Congo . Nyuma yibi bintu byari bikigira ingaruka ku mujyi no kuwukikije mu 2010. Uyu mujyi wafashwe n’inyeshyamba zo ku March 23 Movement mu gihe cyo kwigomeka kwa M23 mu mpera za 2012, ariko kuva icyo gihe zasubijwe inyuma n’ingabo za leta. Umupasitori wanduye mu cyorezo cya Ebola cya Kivu kiri cya 2018–2020 muri ako karere byamenyekanye ko hagati muri Nyakanga 2019 ariho yagiye i Goma. == Amateka == === Ikibazo cy'impunzi 1994 === [[Dosiye:Goma Airport Potters-2.jpg|center|thumb|481x481px|goma]] [[Dosiye:Goma, Lake Kivu, DRC (Zaire - Congo), Photo by Sascha Grabow.jpg|thumb|Inkengero z'umugi wa Goma|297x297px]] [[Dosiye:PXL 20221125 133918358~2.jpg|thumb|Umugi wa Goma |298x298px]] [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Itsembabwoko]] ryo mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] ryo mu 1994 ryakozwe na guverinoma y'agateganyo y'u Rwanda ku baturage b'abatutsi ndetse n'abahutu bashyira mu gaciro. Mu rwego rwo gusubiza imbere [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|u Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR), rwashinzwe n’impunzi z’abatutsi muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], zari zimaze kugenzura uduce twinshi two mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda nyuma y’igitero cya 1990 ndetse n’intambara y’abenegihugu ikomeje, ihirika leta y’[[Abahutu]] i Kigali irayirukana. Bumwe mu butumwa bwinshi bw’umuryango w’abibumbye bwagerageje gutanga akarere keza mu bihe bihindagurika kandi bitanga impunzi nziza. Kuva ku ya 13 Kamena kugeza ku ya 14 Nyakanga 1994, impunzi 10,000 kugeza 12.000 ku munsi zambutse umupaka zerekeza Goma. Kwinjira kwinshi kwateje ikibazo gikomeye cy’ikiremwamuntu, kubera ko habuze aho kuba, ibiryo n'amazi. Icyakora, guverinoma ya Zaïrean yiyemeje kwita kuri iki kibazo. Gatoyi inyuma y'aho ukuza hafi miliyoni imwe impunzi, a yica kolera Ebola avuga ibihumbi ubuzima mu nkambi z'impunzi z'Abahutu hirya Goma. Ingabo za FPR zahujije cyane cyane uruhare mu ntambara, zambutse umupaka kandi mu bikorwa byo kwihorera nazo zahitanye abantu benshi. === Intambara ya mbere ya congo === Imitwe yitwara gisirikare y'Abahutu ndetse n'abagize guverinoma y'agateganyo y'Abahutu bari mu mpunzi, maze bagaba ibitero mu nkambi zikikije Goma bagaba igitero ku bwoko bw'Abatutsi bo mu moko ya leta ya Kivus n'u Rwanda ku mupaka. Kubera impamvu za politiki, guverinoma ya [[Kinshasa]] y’icyo gihe cya Zayire iyobowe na Joseph Mobutu ntiyigeze ibuza ibyo bitero, bityo leta y’u Rwanda n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo ba Uganda batera inkunga inkunga y’ubumwe bw’ingabo za demokarasi zo kubohoza Zayire, umutwe w’inyeshyamba uyobowe na Laurent Kabila kurwanya Mobutu. Ingabo z'u Rwanda zagabye igitero mu nkambi za Goma, bituma hapfa abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi, kandi babifashijwemo n'iza Uganda, Kabila yagiye guhirika ubutegetsi bwa Mobutu mu ntambara ya mbere ya Kongo, yarangiye mu 1997. === Intambara ya kabiri ya congo === Mu gihe cy'umwaka umwe, Kabila yari yatonganye n'abahoze ari inshuti ze, maze mu 1998 guverinoma y'u Rwanda ishyigikira umutwe w'inyeshyamba zishingiye muri Goma urwanya Kabila, imyigaragambyo y'Abanyekongo iharanira demokarasi (RCD, rimwe na rimwe bita RCD-Goma ) ikozwe n'abaturage ba Banyamulenge, ifitanye isano n'Abatutsi. . Bafashe Bukavu n'indi mijyi, Intambara ya Kongo ya kabiri iratangira. Inkambi z'impunzi za Goma, aho Abahutu bari barashinze umutwe witwaje intwaro witwa FDLR (Force Democratic for Liberation of Rwanda), bongeye kwibasirwa n'ingabo za leta y'u Rwanda na RCD. Intambara ya kabiri ya Kongo ntiyari yarigeze ibaho muri Afurika kubera gutakaza ubuzima bw'abasivili mu bwicanyi n'amahano. Kugeza 2003 Banyamulenge yari yarambiwe intambara kandi amakimbirane yagaragaye hagati yabo nu Rwanda. Mu 2002 na 2003 hagaragaye amahoro yoroheje yumushyikirano hagati yimpande nyinshi zagize uruhare muntambara. [[File:La_città_di_Goma_e_il_lago_Kivu_(RD_Congo).JPG|right|thumb|Ikirere cya Goma mu Kwakira 2010|279x279px]] [[File:15_novembre_2014._Goma,_Nord-Kivu,_RD_Congo._Une_vue_aérienne_de_la_ville_de_Goma._(16927160596).jpg|left|thumb|Reba amazu muri Goma, 2014]] Kuva mu 2003 hagaragaye ihohoterwa ryinshi. Abahutu FDLR bagumye mu mashyamba no mu misozi mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bwa Goma, bagaba ibitero ku mupaka w'u Rwanda no ku Banyamulenge. Ingabo z’ingabo z’igihugu cya Kongo ntizishobora cyangwa ntizishaka kubahagarika, kandi kubera iyo mpamvu u Rwanda rukomeje gushyigikira inyeshyamba za Banyamulenge nka RCD na Jenerali Nkunda, no kugaba ibitero muri Kivu y'Amajyaruguru zikurikirana FDLR. <ref name="McGreal">McGreal, C. 2007. [https://www.theguardian.com/congo/story/0,,2161241,00.html "Fear of fresh conflict in Congo as renegade general turns guns on government forces."] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> Muri Nzeri 2007, imirwano nini yatewe ubwoba ko izongera gutangira kubera ko umutwe w'ingabo 8000 w’ingabo za Jenerali Nkunda, ukikije Rutshuru, witandukanije no kwishyira hamwe n’ingabo za Kongo maze utangira kubatera mu mujyi wa Masisi uherereye mu majyaruguru y’iburengerazuba bwa Goma. MONUC ( Inshingano z'umuryango w'abibumbye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ) yatangiye gutwara indege ingabo za Kongo muri Goma no kuzimura na kajugujugu kuva ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma i Masisi. <ref name="McGreal">McGreal, C. 2007. [https://www.theguardian.com/congo/story/0,,2161241,00.html "Fear of fresh conflict in Congo as renegade general turns guns on government forces."] ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> [[Dosiye:Gisenyi lac Kivu banner.jpg|thumb|369x369px|Goma]] Ku ya 27 Ukwakira 2008, Intambara ya Goma yatangiye mu mujyi hagati y’ingabo za Kongo, zishyigikiwe na MONUC, n’inyeshyamba za CNDP za Nkunda; Impunzi 200.000 zahunze umujyi. Ku ya 3 Ugushyingo 2012 habaye imirwano hagati y'ingabo z'Abanyekongo n'u Rwanda ku mupaka uherereye mu majyaruguru ya Goma. Goma yaje gufatwa n’umutwe wa M23 ku ya 20 Ugushyingo 2012. <ref name="Callimachi">[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-11-20/congolese-rebels-penetrate-goma-take-airport "Congolese rebels seize Goma, take airport."] Melanie Goubyrukmini Callimachi, "Bloomberg BusinessWeek", Tuesday November 20, 2012. Retrieved 20 November 2012.</ref> "Ibihumbi mirongo" by'abasivili bahunze ako karere. Muri Kanama 2019, Minisitiri w’ubuzima Diane Gashumba wo mu Rwanda yatangaje ko abanyeshuri bazahagarika kujya mu ishuri i Goma, umujyi wo muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo wegereye umupaka kubera ubwoba bwa Ebola. == M23<nowiki/>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMLx_xw9mXg == M23 VAVUGAKO ARUTWE WINYESHYAMVBA uba mu congo bavugako uteza umutekano muke ahomurikongo bobakabihakana bivuyinyuma kuko bavugako arabanyagihugu reta ya congo yo ntibikozwa IYI m23 yaze kwigarurira uduce twinshi twa congo ese iyimirwano hagati ya m23 na congo izarangira ite : ''Reba kandi: List of governors of North Kivu'' ''intara'' Goma ihagarariwe mu Nteko ishinga amategeko n'abadepite batanu / Abahagarariye: * Jean Batiste Kasekwa (ECIDE) * Hubert Furuguta (UNC) * Patrick Munyomo (AFDC) * Elvis Mutiri (ADR) * Josue Mufula (LDIC) === Urutonde rw'abayobozi === * Kana Guzangamana 1989-1991 * Mingale Mwenemalibu mu 1991 * Athanase Kahanya Kimuha Tasi 1991-1993 * Mashako Mamba Sebi 1993-1996 * Kisuba shebaeni 1996-1998 * Francois-Xavier Nzabara Masetsa 1998-2005 * Polydore Wundi Kwavwirwa 2005-2008 * Roger Rachid Tumbula, ahagana mu mwaka wa 2008-2011 [https://www.radiookapi.net/regions/nord-kivu/2010/12/13/poursuite-de-l%25e2%2580%2599operation-%25e2%2580%25b9-destruction-des-constructions-anarchiques%25e2%2580%25ba Poursuite de l'opération ‹ gusenya des kubaka anarchique ›]  * Jean Busanga Malihaseme, Muri 2011-? * Kubuya Ndoole Naason, 2012-? * Dieudonné Malere, 2015–? * Timothée Mwisa Kyese, 2018 - ubungubu == Ibikorwa byibirunga bikikije Goma == Ikibaya kinini cya Rift kirimo gukururwa, biganisha ku nyamugigima no gushiraho ibirunga muri ako gace. [[File:Nyiragongo_volcano_-_SRTM.jpg|right|thumb|Ishusho ya mudasobwa yikirunga cya Nyiragongo ikomoka kumafoto ya satelite, yerekana ihungabana rya Goma-Gisenyi ku nkombe yikiyaga imbere. Inyuma, ibumoso, ni ikirunga cya [[Ikirunga cya Nyamuragira|Nyamuragira]] . Menya ko igipimo gihagaritse cyakabije.]] Muri Mutarama 2002, Nyiragongo yaradutse, yohereza umugezi wa lava 200 metres (219 yd) kugeza kuri one kilometre (1,100 yards) z'ubugari no kugera kuri metero ebyiri (6½)ft) byimbitse unyuze hagati mu mujyi kugera ku nkombe z'ikiyaga. Inzego zikurikirana ikirunga zashoboye gutanga umuburo kandi abaturage benshi ba Goma bimukiye i Gisenyi. Lava yashenye 40% yumujyi (amazu ninyubako zirenga 4.500). Hariho impfu zimwe na zimwe zatewe na lava no gusohora imyuka ya dioxyde de carbone, itera guhumeka . Lava nayo yitwikiriye amajyaruguru 1☃☃km ya kilometero 3-kilometre (9,800 ft)kiriye amajyaruguru 1&nbsp;km ya kilometero 3-kilometre (9,800 ft) umuhanda wikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga cya Goma, utandukanya terminal na apron byari kuri iyo mpera. <ref>[http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/KAZANKYO/n_report/72.pdf "Cooperative Observations at Nyiragongo Volcano in D.R. of Congo".] Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> Lava irashobora kugaragara byoroshye mumafoto ya satelite, <ref>[http://earth.google.com Google Earth] has high resolution photographs showing the affected part of the airport at coordinates -1.658, 29.237. Retrieved 3 September 2007.</ref> nindege irashobora kuboneka ukoresheje kilometero 2 (6.500-ft) igice cyamajyepfo yumuhanda ugaragara neza. Mu 2005, ibikorwa by'ibirunga byongeye kubangamira umujyi. Kugeza ubu abahanga muri Goma barimo gukurikirana Nyiragongo. === Iterabwoba ryatewe n'ikiyaga cya Kivu === [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] ni kimwe mu biyaga bitatu byo muri Afurika byagaragaye ko gifite gaze nyinshi zashushe zifata igitutu mu burebure bwacyo. Babiri mu bandi, ikiyaga cya Monoun n'ikiyaga cya Nyos, bahuye n'ikibazo cyo guturika kwa limnic cyangwa 'kurenga ikiyaga', irekurwa rikabije rya dioxyde de carbone ihumeka ishobora kuba yaratewe n'inkangu. Ihirikwa ry'ikiyaga cya Nyos ryishe cyane, ryahitanye abantu bagera ku bihumbi bibiri mu gace gakikije ikiyaga. Kivu iruta inshuro 2000 kurenza ikiyaga cya Nyos kandi irimo na metani yashonze nk'ikindi cyago - nubwo kwibumbira hamwe kwa dioxyde de carbone biri hasi cyane ugereranije n'ikiyaga cya Nyos. Abantu bagera kuri miriyoni ebyiri, harimo n’abaturage ba Goma, batuye hafi y’ikiyaga cya Kivu kandi bashobora guhura n’akaga ko guturika kwatewe na kimwe mu birunga byegeranye ndetse na nyamugigima bifitanye isano nayo. <ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/horizon/2001/killerlakes.shtml "Killer Lakes"]. ''BBC Two'', Thursday 4 April 2002. Summarised at www.bbc.co.uk.</ref> [[Dosiye:Lake Kivu, Cyangugu.jpg|thumb|iKivu ]] Ikintu kizwi nka ' mazuku ' cyahitanye abana vuba aha. == Ubwikorezi == Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma gitanga ingendo zo mu gihugu kandi, guhera mu 2016, indege imwe mpuzamahanga ( Ethiopian Airlines ). Uyu mujyi uri ku mupaka w’u Rwanda kandi umuturanyi wa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] uhuza [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru w’u Rwanda, ku mihanda na bisi zisanzwe zigenda hagati yiyi mijyi mu masaha ane. Goma ihujwe na Bukavu na feri, i Butembo, Beni, Bunia na Kisangani haba mu ndege zo mu gihugu cyangwa mu muhanda, kandi bisi zisanzwe ziva Goma zijya muri iyi mijyi. Bifata umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri y'urugendo (muri bisi) kugirango ugere muri iyo mijyi. == Ikirere == Sisitemu yo gushyira mu kirere ikirere cya Köppen-Geiger ishyira ikirere cyayo nk'ikirere gishyuha gishyuha (Aw). {{Weather box|location=Goma|Nov precipitation mm=138|May rain days=18|Apr rain days=22|Mar rain days=19|Feb rain days=16|Jan rain days=16|Dec precipitation mm=118|Oct precipitation mm=143|Jul rain days=6|Sep precipitation mm=117|Aug precipitation mm=70|Jul precipitation mm=29|Jun precipitation mm=55|May precipitation mm=108|Apr precipitation mm=119|Mar precipitation mm=117|Jun rain days=8|Aug rain days=8|Jan precipitation mm=94|Jund sun=6|source 1=''Climate-Data.org'', altitude: 1531<span style="margin-right:1px">m</span><ref name="Climate-Data.org"/>|Decd sun=5|Novd sun=5|Octd sun=5|Sepd sun=5|Augd sun=5|Juld sun=7|Mayd sun=5|Sep rain days=15|Aprd sun=5|Mard sun=5|Febd sun=5|Jand sun=5|Dec rain days=19|Nov rain days=22|Oct rain days=20|Feb precipitation mm=84|precipitation colour=green|metric first=yes|Aug high C=25.8|Mar mean C=20.1|Feb mean C=20.1|Jan mean C=20|Dec high C=25.4|Nov high C=25.3|Oct high C=25.7|Sep high C=25.9|Jul high C=25.2|May mean C=19.9|Jun high C=25.3|May high C=25.3|Apr high C=25.4|Mar high C=25.7|Feb high C=25.7|Jan high C=25.6|single line=yes|Apr mean C=20|Jun mean C=19.4|Dec low C=14.4|Apr low C=14.7|Nov low C=14.1|Oct low C=14.2|Sep low C=14|Aug low C=13.9|Jul low C=13.1|Jun low C=13.6|May low C=14.6|Mar low C=14.6|Jul mean C=19.7|Feb low C=14.6|Jan low C=14.4|Dec mean C=19.9|Nov mean C=19.7|Oct mean C=19.9|Sep mean C=19.8|Aug mean C=19.8|source 2=''Weather2Travel'' for rainy days and sunshine<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.weather2travel.com/climate-guides/congo-kinshasa/goma.php |title=Goma Climate and Weather Averages, Congo-Kinshasa |publisher=Weather2Travel |accessdate=4 November 2013 }}</ref>}} == Ibindi biranga Goma == * Ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Goma cyemera ingendo z’ubucuruzi kandi nanone, guhera mu 2015, umurongo w’abagenzi ukorwa n’indege ya Ethiopian Airlines uva [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] ugana Goma. * Goma ifite ibibaya bine cyangwa bitanu byose hamwe bigera kuri 130&nbsp;m, ndende ikaba igera kuri 80&nbsp;m. * [[Pariki y’Ibirunga ya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Pariki y'igihugu ya Virunga]], ibamo [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi ziri mu]] kaga, iri mu majyaruguru y'umujyi. * Kugeza mu 2014, imurikagurisha ryari ryarafunguwe, ryerekana ibiti byaho, gushushanya, n'ibipupe . * Goma yakiriye amahugurwa y'abapadiri gatolika ''Redemptoris Mater'' iyobowe na Neocatechumenal Way . * Imihanda yo muri Goma yari imaze imyaka igera kuri 2 isanwa nabi, kandi n’imihanda myinshi yangiritse cyane kubera ibiza bituruka mu birunga. Imihanda myinshi yatangiye kongera kubakwa g1 gusa kuva kumupaka wu Rwanda na 3.5 km (2.2 mi)’abashoramari bo mu [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], kandi umujyi urimo gusanwa haba n’abashoramari ba Leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo, ndetse na MONUSCO . * Ku ya 16 Werurwe 2013 Abakorerabushake b'Umuryango w'Abibumbye na MONUSCO bateguye isiganwa rya Tshukudu i Goma. * [[Dosiye:Gisenyi view at kivu lac mountain.jpg|thumb|Gisenyi ku Kivu]]Umujyi rwagati ni 1 gusa kuva kumupaka wu Rwanda na 3.5 km (2.2 mi) kuva hagati ya Gisenyi. == Reba kandi == * [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] * INNOSS'B * FC Mwangaza * Impanga hagati y'umujyi wa Goma n'umujyi wa Woluwe Saint-Pierre, mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . Ibindi: Urutonde rwimijyi yimpanga nimijyi ya bashiki bacu muburayi == Reba == {{Reflist}} * {{wikivoyage-inline|Goma}} * Tom Casadevall wo muri [[Amerika]] ushinzwe ubushakashatsi ku bijyanye na geologiya ; [https://web.archive.org/web/20100706212813/http://cgs.illinois.edu/resources/webvideo/the-1994-rwandan-refugee-crisis-cultural-awareness-managing-natural-disasters "Ikibazo cy'impunzi zo mu Rwanda mu 1994: Kumenyekanisha umuco mu guhangana n'ibiza" (videwo ya 1h28m)] . Inyigisho zatanzwe muri kaminuza ya Illinois kuri Urbana-Champaign kuri volcanology ikikije Goma * Jordhus-Lier, David: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110430042505/http://blog.nibrinternational.no/#post7 Ubuzima n'urupfu mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari] . ''Blog mpuzamahanga ya NIBR'', 15.02.2010. Amerekezo: 1°41′S 29°14′E / 1.683°S 29.233°E / -1.683; 29.233 [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 368zp42xwppu97ew23te64t9ee02c2m 0 8561 140486 122880 2026-09-30T09:26:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140486 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Official portrait of His Eminence Antoine Cardinal Kambanda.jpg|thumb|Cardinal KAMBANDA Antoine]] [[Dosiye:His Eminence Antoine cardinal Kambanda, GCLJ.jpg|thumb|Cardinale Antoine Kambanda]] == Kambanda Antoine ni Umunyarwanda akaba n'Umuyobozi ukomeye muri [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] wabaye Arikiyepiskopi wa [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali]] ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 2018, Mbere yaho, guhera mu 2013 yari Umushumba wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kibungo|Diyosezi ya Kibungo]], Ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2020, Papa Fransisko yatangaje ko azamuzamura ku ntera ya karidinari, Nuko mu ihuriro ryo ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020 iki gikorwa kiza kubera i Roma, aba Karidinari wa mbere mu [[Rwanda]].<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/fr/afrique/news/2020-12/kambanda-cardinal-le-pape-est-dans-les-peripheries.html Cardinal Kambanda : par mon cardinalat, « le Pape est dans les périphéries »] Vatican News (Mu Gifaransa) Ku wa 02 Ukuboza 2020. Byarebweho ku wa 09 Gashyantare 2021</ref> == [[File:Coat of arms of Antoine Kambanda (cardinal).svg|200px|thumb]] [[File:Coat of arms of Antoine Kambanda.svg|200px|thumb]] == Akiri Umwana == Antoine Kambanda yavutse ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1958 mu [[Rwanda]], Kubera Ivangura rishingiye ku moko, umuryango we wimukiye mu gihugu cy'[[Uburundi]] baza kwerekeza no muri [[Uganda]], aho yize amashuri abanza, hanyuma yimukira muri [[Kenya]], ari naho yize amashuri yisumbuye, Nyuma yaje gusubira mu gihugu cye, aho yagiye mu iseminari i Rutongo, (1983–1984) na Seminari Nkuru yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karori Borromeo ya Nyakibanda i [[Butare]] (1984–1990), Ku wa 8 Nzeri 1990, yahawe ubupadiri i Kabgayi na Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II. Kuva mu 1990 kugeza mu 1993 yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe amasomo mu Iseminari nto ya Mutagatifu Visenti i Ndera, Kigali. Nyuma yerekeje mu ishuri rya Alphonsian Academy i [[Roma]] kuva mu 1993 kugeza 1999, aho yakuye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga muri tewolojiya. Ababyeyi be na batanu muri barumuna be batandatu, hamwe n’abandi bavandimwe n’inshuti benshi, bishwe mu 1994 muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. [[Dosiye:52NIV.jpg|thumb|Padiri Cardinale Kambanda]] == Padiri == Kambanda yagizwe Umuyobozi wa Karitasi ya Arikidiyosezi ya Kigali mu 1999. Yaje kuba umuyobozi wa komite ishinzwe amajyambere ya Diyosezi ya Kigali, umuyobozi wa komisiyo ya "Ubutabera n’amahoro" ya diyosezi, akaba umwarimu wa tewolojiya y’imyitwarire muri Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda. Avuga mu 2004 Kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, Kambanda yemeye ko mu gihe bamwe mu bayobozi b'amadini gatolika bagerageje kurinda abaturage, abandi bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi, Kambanda yavuze ko ari ngombwa ko Kiliziya Gatolika ubwayo igomba kwiyubaka kugira ngo ihoshe ingaruka za Jenoside, Yavuze ati: "gukoresha isakramentu rya penetensiya mu kwiyunga no gukiza inzangano zishingiye ku moko no kwiyunga nawe ubwawe, hamwe n'Imana ndetse n'abandi, byagira akamaro mu guteza imbere kwizera kurangwa no kwizerana gutsinda ubwoba bw'undi." Muri Nzeri 2005, Karidinali Crescenzio Sepe yamugize umuyobozi wa seminari nkuru ya filozofiya iherereye muri Diyosezi Kabgayi. Ku wa 10 Gashyantare 2006, Kambanda yagizwe umuyobozi wa Seminari Nkuru yitiriwe Mutagatifu Karoli Borromeo ya Nyakibanda. Yasimbuye Nyiricyubahiro Musenyeri Smaragde Mbonyintege, wari wagizwe umwepiskopi wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi|Diyosezi ya Kabgayi]]. Muri Kamena 2011, yayoboye abanyarwanda benshi bagiye mu rugendo nyobokamana i Namugongo, muri Uganda, kugira ngo bifanyanye n'abandi bakirisitu mu birori byo kwizihiza umunsi mukuru w’abamaritiri b'abakirisitu 45 bahindutse bishwe mu 1884 n'Umwami Mwanga wa II wa Buganda . Mu nyigisho ye, yavuze ko igitambo abahowe Imana batanze cyafashije cyane gukwirakwiza [[Ubukirisitu]] muri [[Afurika]] bereka abamisiyoneri ko abizera bazemera gupfa bazira ukwemera kwabo. == Musenyeri == Ku wa 7 Gicurasi 2013, Papa Fransisiko yagize Kambanda Umwepiskopi wa Diyosezi ya Kibungo, Yasimbuye Kizito Bahujimihigo, weguye muri Mutarama 2010 kubera "ibibazo bikomeye by’amafaranga" muri diyosezi ndetse n’ubwoba bw'uko amabanki yari agiye gufatira imwe mu mitungo ya Diyosezi kubera kutishyura imyenda, Inama y'Abepiskopi Gatolika bo mu [[Rwanda]] yamuhisemo ngo yitabire Sinodi y'Abepiskopi mu 2015, Ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2018, Papa Francis yamugize Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali, Ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2020, Papa Francis yatangaje ko azamuzamura ku ntera ya karidinari mu ihuriro riteganijwe ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020, Ku cyumweru cyo ku wa 01 Ugushyingo 2020, Perezida wu Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] yoherereje Antoine Kambanda ubutumwa bw'ishimwe ku bw'uwo mwanya yari atorewe aho yamugaragarije ibyishimo atewe n'urwego agezeho ndetse n'uruhare Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda ifite mu kuzamura imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'abanyarwanda.<ref>President Kagame congratulates Cardinal - Elect Antoine Kambanda https://www.gov.rw/blog-detail/president-kagame-congratulates-cardinal-elect-antoine-kambanda</ref> ==Karidinali== I Roma ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 2020, ni bwo Papa Francis yagize Antoine Kambanda Umukaridinali, Ku Cyumweru tariki ya 06 Ukuboza 2020, mu Rwanda muri [[Kigali Arena]] habaye igitambo cya Misa cyo gushimira Imana yahaye u Rwanda Karidinali wa mbere mu mateka, ari we Karidinali Antoine Kambanda cyanitabiriwe na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w'u Rwanda]] Paul Kagame.<ref>Perezida Kagame yitabiriye misa yo gushimira Imana yahaye u Rwanda Karidinali https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Perezida-Kagame-yitabiriye-misa-yo-gushimira-Imana-yahaye-u-Rwanda-Karidinali</ref> Ku wa 16 Ukuboza 2020 yaje gutorerwa kuba umwe mu bagize [[:en:Congregation_for_the_Evangelization_of_Peoples|ibiro bya Papa bishinzwe iyogezabutumwa bw'abantu ku isi.]] == karidinali kambanda ni muntu ki == == kambanda antoine ni umunyarwanda akaba ari umuyobozi ukomeye muri kiliziya kandi akaba ari na arikiyepiskopi wa arikidiyoseze gatorika ya kigali kuwa 11 ugushyingo 2018 mbere yaho guhera mu 2013 yari umushumba wa diyosezi ya kibungo ku wa 25 ukwakira 2020 ,papa fransisko yatangaje ko azamuzamura ku ntera ya karidinali nkuko mu ihuriro ryo kuwa 28 ugushyingo 2020 iki gikorwa kiza kubera i Roma aba karidinari wambere mu Rwanda == == Reba == {{Reflist}} ==Inkomoko y'inyongera== * McElwee, Joshua J. (22 October 2015). "Rwandan bishop carries special concerns to synod in Rome". National Catholic Reporter. Retrieved 20 November 2018. [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abayobozi b'amadini n'amatorero]] fxst7j5y7z8he1yajazo8owkfgvpyrk 0 8616 140487 139068 2026-09-30T09:26:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140487 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Flag of the MRND.jpg|alt=Ihuriro ry'igihugu riharanira demokarasi n'iterambere|thumb]] '''Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere''' ([[Igifaransa]]: ''Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le développement'', '''MRND''' ) ryari ishyaka rya politiki ryategekaga u Rwanda kuva 1975 kugeza 1994 ku butegetsi bwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]]. Yiganjemo [[Abahutu]], cyane cyane bo mu karere kavukire ka Perezida Habyarimana mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda. Iri shyaka ryashinzwe mu 1975 nk’umuryango w’igihugu uharanira impinduramatwara mu iterambere ( Mouvement Révolutionaire National pour le Développement ). Itsinda ry’indashyikirwa ry’abayoboke b’ishyaka rya MRND bari bazwiho kugira uruhare kuri Perezida n’umugore we - ndetse n’inshingano zo gutegura igenamigambiJenoside yo mu Rwanda - izwi nka akazu. [[Dosiye:Juvénal_Habyarimana_(Andrews_Air_Force_Base,_Maryland,_USA_-_1980).jpg|thumb|Perezida Juvénal Habyarimana washinze ishyaka rya Politiki]] {| class="wikitable" ! colspan="2" |Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n'iterambere Mouvement républicain national pour la démocratie et le dévelopement |- !Perezida |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |- !Uwashinze |[[Juvénal Habyarimana]] |- !Yashinzwe |1974 |- !Kumeneka |1994 |- !Byatsinzwe na |Ingabo zo Kurengera Demokarasi <small>(ntabwo ari umusimbura mu by'amategeko)</small> |- !Icyicaro gikuru |Kigali , Rwanda |- !Ikinyamakuru |''Kangura''Hutu Radiyo <small>(Radio)</small> |- !Ibaba ry'urubyiruko |''[[Interahamwe]]'' |- !Ingengabitekerezo |Ultranationalism Abahutu Imbaraga Zabaturage |- !Umwanya wa politiki |Iburyo-iburyo |- !Kwishyira hamwe |''Nta na kimwe'' |- !Amabara | Umukara |- | colspan="2" | * Politiki yo mu Rwanda * Amashyaka ya politiki * Amatora |} Kuva mu 1975 kugeza 1991, MRND ni ryo shyaka ryonyine ryemewe n'amategeko mu gihugu. Habyarimana yavuzwe ko ashyira mu gaciro  nubwo bivugwa ko ishyaka ryakoresheje uburyo bwo kwamamaza iburyo  , ryateje imbere gahunda ya politiki y’aba conservateur  kandi ryarwanyaga abakomunisiti .Ishyaka ryari rifite inzego z’inzego zahuzaga inzego za guverinoma kuri buri rwego, kugeza ku murenge no mu kagari. Habyarimana yari perezida w’ishyaka, kandi nkuwo ni we mukandida wenyine wabaye perezida wa repubulika. Icyakora, mu bwumvikane buke kuri demokarasi, abatora bashyikirijwe abakandida babiri ba MRND mu matora y’Inteko ishinga amategeko. Izina ry’ishyaka ryahinduwe nyuma y’amashyaka ya politiki atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi yemerewe n'amategeko mu 1991. Nyuma y’igitero cya FPR mu 1990, abanyamuryango ba MRND bakoze ikinyamakuru ''Kangura''. Ibaba ry’urubyiruko rw’ishyaka, ''interahamwe'', nyuma yaje gukura mu mutwe w’abasirikare wagize uruhare runini muri jenoside yo mu 1994. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Habyarimana muri Mata 1994, abayoboke b'ishyaka bari mu bubatsi bakuru ba [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. U Rwanda rumaze kwigarurirwa na mukeba w’abatutsi wiganjemo abatutsi b’abanyarwanda bayobowe na [[Paul Kagame]], MRND yirukanwe ku butegetsi kandi biremewe. Ihuriro ry’ingabo zishinzwe kurengera Repubulika, ryagize uruhare runini muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda, ryari umutwe utoroshye wa MRND wabaye ishyaka ryihariye. jk2cwuv50utbodkfw737oyoefh1ls7r 0 8674 140488 121825 2026-09-30T09:26:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140488 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kibeho imag.jpg|thumb|Ishusho ya Bikiramariyya w<nowiki>''</nowiki>Ikibeho|323x323px]] [[Dosiye:Catholic Cathedral of Butare.jpg|thumb|Bikira Mariya]] '''Bikira Mariya w'IKibeho''' ni izina ryahawe '''amabonekerwa''' ya Mariya yerekeye ingimbi nyinshi, mu myaka ya za 1980 i [[Kibeho]], mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] . Niyo mabonekerwa yonyine yemewe [[Vatikani]] kumugabane wa [[Afurika|Afrika]] . <ref name=":0">Curran, Bridget. ''The Miracles of Mary: Everyday Encounters of Beauty and Grace''. 2010, page 128</ref> Biboneka ko amabonekerwa yamenyesheje ubutumwa butandukanye abanyeshuri, harimwo iyerekwa rya apocarite w'U [[Rwanda]] rumanuka mu ihohoterwa n'inzangano, bikaba bishoboka ko byahanuye [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryo]] mu 1994. <ref>Immaculée Ilibagiza, Steve Erwin. ''Our Lady of Kibeho: Mary Speaks to the World from the Heart of Africa''. 2008, page xvii</ref> [[File:NyaruguruDist.png|thumb|Ikarita ya karere ka nyaruguru aho Kibeho iherereye.]] Mu 2001, umwepiskopi waho wa [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] yemeye ku mugaragaro iyerekwa ry’abanyeshuri batatu b’ishuri ko ari ukuri. <ref name=":0">Curran, Bridget. ''The Miracles of Mary: Everyday Encounters of Beauty and Grace''. 2010, page 128</ref> == Amabonekerwa == [[File:Monument of our lady Kabgayi.jpg|thumb|Monument of our lady Kabgayi]][[File:Monument of our lady Kabgayi.jpg|thumb|Monument of our lady Kabgayi]] [[Kibeho]] ni umudugudu muto uherereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Ibonekerwa ryavuzwe ko ryatangiye ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1981, muri iki gihe amakimbirane yariyongereye hagati y’imitwe [[Abatutsi|y’abatutsi]] n’[[abahutu]] . Byabereye mu ishuri rya [[Kibeho]], mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’abakobwa, kandi harimo umwijima mu [[Rwanda]] rwinjira mu ihohoterwa n’inzangano benshi bemeza ko byahanuye [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. [[File:KIBEHO Yezu nyirimpuhwe.jpg|thumb|Ishusho ya Yezu Nyirimpuhwe Kibeho]] Mu myaka ya za 1980, Bikira Mariya nibwo yabonekeye abakobwa batatu bakiri bato, yiyita ''Nyina wa Jambo'' , bikaba byari ''bihwanye'' na ''Umubaye W''' »(“ Nyina w'Imana "). Ababonye ibi batangaje ko Mariya yasabye abantu bose gusenga kugirango birinde intambara iteye ubwoba. Mu iyerekwa ryo ku ya 19 Kanama 1982, bose bavuze ko babonye urugomo, imirambo yatemaguwe, ndetse no kurimbuka. <ref name="rogers">{{Cite web |url=http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=3005&SectionID=5&SubSectionID=42&S=1 |title=Rogers, Lois. "Our Lady of Kibeho", ''The Monitor'', January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=March 2, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180302225353/http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?Search=1&ArticleID=3005&SectionID=5&SubSectionID=42&S=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Urutonde rurerure cyane rwerekanwe na Alphonsine Mumureke, wari wabonye iyerekwa rya mbere nyuma gato yo kwinjira mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya [[Kibeho]] mu Kwakira 1981 nyuma y’amashuri abanza, naho irya nyuma ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1989. Anathalie Mukamazimpaka niwe wakurikiyeho kugira iyerekwa, ryatangiye kuva muri Mutarama 1982 kugeza ku ya 3 Ukuboza 1983. Aba bashimangiye amasengesho adashira n’impongano, Mariya ndetse yategetse Mukamazimpaka gukora penetensiya binyuze mu gupfa umubiri. Marie Claire Mukangango, wabanje gutoteza Mumureke ku ishuri kubera iyerekwa, we ubwe yagize ibonekerwa ryabaye kuva ku ya 2 Werurwe kugeza ku ya 15 Nzeri 1982. Mariya yabwiye Mukangango ko abantu bagomba gusenga ishapure y'ububabare burindwi kugirango babone kwihana. <ref>[http://www.marian.org/mary/prayers/sorrows.php "The Chaplet of the Seven Sorrows", Marians of the Immaculate Conception]</ref> Mu ruzinduko rwe mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1990, Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yashishikarije abizerwa guhindukirira mariya nk "umuyobozi woroheje kandi wizewe” no gusengera ko hashyirwaho ingamba zikomeye zo kurwanya amacakubiri y’ibanze, yaba aya politiki cyangwa amoko. <ref name="rogers"/> === Isano na Jenoside === Mu minsi 100 yakurikiye iyicwa ry’umunyagitugu [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]] [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ku ya 8 Mata 1994, Abanyarwanda 800.000 kugeza kuri miliyoni bishwe n’abenegihugu babo, ndetse rimwe na rimwe, n'abaturanyi babo baturanye. Itsembabwoko ryabaye indunduro yo gukaza umurego hagati y'amoko yombi - Abahutu n'Abatutsi - n'intambara y'abenegihugu yari yarayibanjirije. <ref name="monitor">{{Cite web |url=http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?SectionID=6&subsectionID=24&articleID=3006 |title="Remembering Rwanda", ''The Monitor'', January 20, 2012, Diocese of Trenton |access-date=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=June 20, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170620193413/http://www.trentonmonitor.com/main.asp?SectionID=6&subsectionID=24&articleID=3006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Kibeho ubwayo niho habereye ubwicanyi bubiri: ubwa mbere ku rusengero rwa paruwasi muri Mata 1994, naho ubwa kabiri nyuma y'umwaka aho impunzi zirenga 5.000 zari zarahungiyeyo zarashwe n'abasirikare. <ref name="news">{{Cite web |title=Linskey, Regina. "Our Lady of Kibeho: Forgotten apparitions", Catholic News, Singapore, Vol. 58, No. 25, December 7, 2008 |url=http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53:our-lady-of-kibeho-forgotten-apparitions&catid=57:december-7-2008-vol-58-no-25&Itemid=79 |accessdate=January 24, 2021 |archive-date=October 5, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131005004303/http://www.catholicnews.sg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53:our-lady-of-kibeho-forgotten-apparitions&catid=57:december-7-2008-vol-58-no-25&Itemid=79 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Marie Claire Mukangango n'umugabo we bari mu bishwe mu bwicanyi bwo muri Mata 1995. <ref name="rogers"/> === Aberekwa bemewe === Gusa iyerekwa ry'ababonye Mariya batatu ba mbere (Alphonsine Mumureke, Nathalie Mukamazimpaka, na Marie Clare Mukangango, ufite imyaka 17, 20, na 21), byemejwe na Augustin Misago, Umwepiskopi wa Gikongoro . <ref>[https://www.ewtn.com/library/MARY/OLKIBEHO.HTM Misago, Augustin. "Judgement on the Apparitions of Kibeho"]</ref> === Aberekwa batemewe === Abandi bavugaga ko bafite iyerekwa nk'iryo ni Stephanie Mukamurenzi, Agnes Kamagaju, Vestine Salima, na Emmanuel Segatashya, uwanyuma muri bo mbere yari umupagani maze aba umuvugabutumwa wa gikristo mu barokore . Segatashya yeretswe mu iyerekwa harimo guhura na Kristo bimuha umunezero. == Gusobanura == [[Dosiye:Iriba image.jpg|thumb]] Iri yerekwa rishobora gufatwa nk'ikimenyetso cyerekana [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko]] ryo mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]], cyane cyane ubwicanyi bwa kabiri bwa [[Kibeho]] mu 1995. Ishuri ryabereyemo iyerekwa ryabaye ahantu hiciwe abantu benshi mu gihe cya Jenoside kuko abana benshi barashwe bakanicwa n’iterabwoba ry’Abahutu . Aberekwa bari bahunze urugomo cyangwa bari mu bahitanwe na [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]]. == Kwemeza == Umwepiskopi wa Gikongoro, Augustin Misago, yemeje ubwitange rusange bufitanye isano n’ibonekerwa ku ya 15 Kanama 1988 ( Umuhango wo gufata icyemezo cya Mariya ) maze atangaza ko ari ukuri ku ya 29 Kamena 2001. Yashinjwaga mu 1999 kuba yaragize uruhare muri [[Jenoside mu Rwanda]], maze agirwa umwere ku ya 24 Kamena y'umwaka ukurikira. Umunsi mukuru wa Bikira Mariya wa [[Kibeho]] ni 28 Ugushyingo, isabukuru yo kugaragara kwa mbere mu iyerekwa rya Alphonsine Mumureke mu 1981. == Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya == [[File:Kibeho Holy land, Rwanda, Southern Province, Nyaruguru District.jpg|thumb|Ingoro ya Bikiramariya Kibeho]] Ingoro ya Marian i [[Kibeho]] yiswe "Ingoro ya Bikira Mariya w'akababaro " mu 1992. Ibuye rya mbere ryashyizweho ku ya 28 Ugushyingo 1992. Mu masezerano yo mu 2003 hagati y’abasanzwe baho n’umuryango wa Apostolate Gatolika (Pallotine), umuyobozi w’urusengero rwa Bikira Mariya wa [[Kibeho]] yahawe inshingano za ba Padiri ba Pallotine. Umuyobozi mukuru ashyirwaho na musenyeri waho hamwe numuyobozi wa Pallottine. == Umuco == Umwanditsi w'amakinamico w'umunyamerika Katori Hall yakinnye ibintu byabereye mu kibonekerwa rya ''Bikira Mariya wa Kibeho'', byakorewe i New York mu 2014. <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160526161236/http://www.signaturetheatre.org/tickets/production.aspx?pid=3752 "Our Lady of Kibeho", signature Theatre]</ref> == Reba kandi == * Amateka ya Kibeho<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=508&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=6a7e16b9b36c71fd0cc3a4083a081ad8 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-01-25 |archive-date=2021-01-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210129195012/https://www.nyaruguru.gov.rw/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=508&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=6a7e16b9b36c71fd0cc3a4083a081ad8 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Bikira Mariya nyina wa Jambo<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/kibeho-dutaramire-bikira-mariya-nyina-wa-jambo/oclc/289108325</ref> * Ubwicanyi bwa Kibeho<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210129231141/https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=4218&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=91fa67489e85c73600b168822de2b6ba</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20191028204409/http://kibeho-sanctuary.com/ Urubuga rwemewe rwa Kibeho] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210131180452/http://www.seanbloomfield.com/if-only-we-had-listened/ Inyandiko ku ibonekerwa rya Kibeho] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080725013959/http://www.zenit.org//english/ Isabukuru yimyaka 25 yibonekerwa igomba kwizihizwa] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20081011143252/http://www.anzacday.org.au/history/peacekeeping/anecdotes/kibeho.html Umutangabuhamya wa Jenoside - Konti Yumuntu Yubwicanyi bwa Kibeho 1995] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2qDlOb72yM Video yerekana Kibeho] * [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sfTtIl_MXaU Video 2 yibonekerwa rya Kibeho] [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Abagatifu]] [[Category:Abagore]] 635q7fjpa0g248jtarmokyqoy2czv6e 0 8683 140489 139099 2026-09-30T09:26:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140489 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Inzu za kinyarwanda.jpg|thumb|inzu za kinyarwanda]] '''Umuco nyarwanda''' ni imibereho, imigenzo, imyemerere imyambari, imivugire, n'uburyo aba nyarwanda batuye igihugu bibana bikabererekana nk'abantu bakomeye ku isi ku isonga ryabo.<ref>https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=b80a8cdde4dd043f&rlz=1C1KNTJ_enRW1133RW1134&sxsrf=AE3TifNdklydVHEzDA5caRftCvp1jxG7Yg:1756202236966&q=umuco+nyarwanda+ni+iki&source=lnms&fbs=AIIjpHxU7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZ1Y6MJ25_tmWITc7uy4KIeuYzzFkfneXafNx6OMdA4MQRJc_t_TQjwHYrzlkIauOKzdwwhoIZKJrCQTbRbErprPDqhqGfHcOcsQSxEAeABklaJVEszEvxPeJyeQPZx1hW0Gz0MoHLUwfeos5D6p5bBu6RrON6sdi6QETnpI9X3jF6V0WV7nK1AMv3mEiz5rjTscMOAQ&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjn0fOTm6iPAxVMKvsDHc6rA_0Q0pQJegQICRAB&biw=911&bih=427&dpr=1.5</ref>[[Dosiye:Ikibindi.jpg|thumb|Ikibindi cyirimo inzoga ]] [[Dosiye:Ingoma.png|thumb|Ingoma]] [[Dosiye:WikiIndaba 2022 - Day 1 Kigali Rwanda 04.jpg|thumb|imbyino ]] Umuco nyarwanda ugizwe n'ibintu byinshi. Mu buryo butandukanye n’ibindi bihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika, [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ni igihugu cyunze ubumwe kuva mu bihe bya mbere y’ubukoloni, gituwe n’abaturage b'[[:en:Banyarwanda|Abanyarwanda]] basangiye ururimi rumwe rw'[[Ikinyarwanda]] n’umurage ndangamuco.<ref>Prunier (1995), p. 15</ref> Mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] hizihizwa Iminsi mikuru inyuranye izwi buri mwaka ndetse n'indi rimwe na rimwe leta yinjizamo. [[Dosiye:Rwandan culture food.jpg|thumb|Ibiryo bya kinyarwanda]] Guhera ku wa 07 Mata kugeza ku wa 14 Mata buri mwaka ni Icyumweru cy'icyunamo cyo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994.<ref name=":0">https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=95056&token=2b00b7df4305c5ad57713666859436b957193588</ref> Ku wa Gatandatu wa nyuma wa buri kwezi ho haba [[:en:Umuganda|Umuganda]] rusange mu Gihugu hose. Uwo munsi wibanda ku bikorwa bigamije iterambere n'imibereho y'abaturage muri rusange kandi serivisi nyinshi zisanzwe zikora zirafunga kugeza umuganda urangiye.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.burera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/umuganda-usoza-ukwezi-mu-mafoto-witabiriwe-na-mos-muri-minaloc |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-03-24 |archive-date=2025-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250324153030/https://www.burera.gov.rw/soma-ibindi/umuganda-usoza-ukwezi-mu-mafoto-witabiriwe-na-mos-muri-minaloc |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umuziki n'imbyino == [[File:Rwanda_IntoreDancers.jpg|thumb|221x221px| Ababyinnyi gakondo b'abanyarwanda b'Intore]] [[File:Traditional_dance_in_Rwanda.jpg|thumb| Imbyino gakondo mu Rwanda]] [[UMUZIKI|Umuziki]] n'imbyino ni ibice bikomeye bigize imihango y'u [[Rwanda]], iminsi mikuru, guhurira hamwe, hamwe no kubara inkuru. Imbyino gakondo izwi cyane ni ''Intore'', umwiyereko uzwi cyane ugizwe n'ibice bitatu -'''Itorero''', ribyinwamo [[Umugore|abagore]]; '''imbyino y'intwari''', ikorwa n'abagabo n''''ingoma'''. Ubusanzwe, umuziki uhererekanywa hagati y'abantu mu buryo nyamvugo. Ingoma ni ingirakamaro cyane, abakaraza b'i Bwami babaga bafite agaciro gakomeye mu rugo rw'[[Umwami]]. Mu busanzwe, abakaraza bavuza ingoma bari mu matsinda agizwe n'abantu bari hagati ya barindwi n'umunani.<ref name=":1">commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:ListFiles?limit=50&user=Peace+Batuma&ilshowall=1</ref> Uruganda rw'umuziki mu [[Rwanda]] rurakura cyane muri iki gihe, rufatiye ku njyana zo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, iz'abakongomani ndetse n'izo muri Amerika. Injyana zizwi cyane ni hip-hop, R&B ndetse rimwe na rimwe ragga na dance-pop. Abahanzi bazwi cyane bo mu Rwanda barimo : ''The Ben, [[:en:Meddy|Meddy]]'', bombi bagiye babona ibihembo binyuranye, n'abandi benshi nka [[:en:Miss_Shanel|Miss Shanel]], [[:en:Kitoko|Kitoko]], [[:en:Riderman_(rapper)|Riderman]], [[:en:Tom_Close|Tom Close]], [[:en:King_James_(singer)|King James]], [[:en:Mani_Martin|Mani Martin]], [[:en:Knowless_(singer)| Knowless]], na[[:en:Charly_na_Nina_(singers)| Charly na Nina]].<ref name=":1" /> == Igikoni == [[File:Teke_bottle.JPG|thumb|300x300px| [[Inzoga]] zanywebwaga mu gicuma cyangwa ikibindi nk'iki mu mihango n'ibirori.]] Ibiryo byo mu [[Rwanda]] bishingiye ku biribwa by’ibanze bikomoka ku buhinzi gakondo. Mu mateka, ibijyanye n'imirire bigenda bihinduka bitewe n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'abantu. Amafunguro yo mu Rwanda usanga akenshi arimo [[Umuneke|imineke]],ibitoki,amashaza, [[ibijumba]], ibishyimbo, n'imyumbati. Abanyarwanda benshi barya [[inyama]] inshuro zitari nyinshi mu kwezi. Ku batuye hafi y'ibiyaga kandi bafite uko babona amafi, bakunze kurya iyitwa tilapiya.<ref name=":2">https://www.kigalitoday.com/inkuru-zicukumbuye/Igikoni-cy-umudugudu-kibafasha-kurwanya-imirire-mibi</ref> Ibirayi, bikekwa ko byinjijwe mu [[Rwanda]] n’abakoloni b’[[Abadage]] n’Ababiligi, ubu na byo birakunzwe cyane. [[Ubugari]] busonze mu myumbati cyangwa ibigori na bwo bukunze kuribwa cyane kimwe no bice bya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. ''Isombe'' isekuye iva mu mababi y'imyumbati ''ikaranze'' ikunze kugaburwa hamwe n'amafi yumutse.<ref name=":2" /> Ifunguro rya saa sita ni imvange igizwe nibintu byavuzwe haruguru bishobora kwiyongeraho inyama. Burusheti y'[[ihene]], [[inka]], inyama z'ingurube cyangwa amafi, ni byo bikunze kuribwa abantu batembereye. Mu cyaro, utubari twinshi tugira [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] wa burusheti uba waguze ihene, akayibaga kandi akayotsa. Izo nyama azigaburana n'ibitoki bikaranze. Amata, cyane cyane ''ikivuguto'', akunze kunyobwa mu gihugu cyose. Ibindi binyobwa birimo inzoga gakondo yitwa ''urwagwa'' yenze mu bitoki n'ikigage cyo mu masaka, igaragara mu mihango n'ibirori gakondo. Inzoga zicuruzwa mu [[Rwanda]] zirimo Primus, Mützig, Amstel,Skol ndetse n'ibindi....... == Ubuhanzi n'ubukorikori == Ibikorwa by'Ubukorikori gakondo byagaragaraga mu gihugu hose, nubwo ibyinshi byifashishwaga mu mirimo inyuranye kuruta uko byari umuteguro.Ibitebo n'imbehe ni bimwe mu byari rusange mu [[Rwanda]]. Amajyepfo ashyira iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]] azwiho imigongo, ubuhanzi budasanzwe bufitanye isano n'inka aho iyo migongo ikorwa mu mase yazo; amateka avuga ko iyi migongo yadutse igihe Gisaka yari ikiri ubwami bwigenga. Amase avanze n'ubutaka karemano bw'amabara atandukanye kandi asize mu tuntu dusa n'imisozi ishushanyije, bikora ishusho nziza.<ref name=":2" /> Ubundi buhanzi n'ubukorikori burimo ububumbyi, gushushanya no kubaza ibiti bikorwa ahanini n’abanyeshuri biga iby'ubuhanzi n'ubugeni bo mu Ishuri ry'Ubugeni ryo ku Nyundo, ishuri rukumbi ryabayeho mu [[Rwanda]] kuva mu 1959 kugeza na n'ubu. Gusa muri iyi minsi hari andi mashuri agenda ashingwa agamije guteza imbere ubuhanzi bw'iyumvabona.<ref name=":2" /> == Amazu == Hirya no hino ubona amazu ateye imbere atari yaba menshi cyane kandi n'igiciro ubwacyo cy'inzu usanga kiri hejuru ugereranyije n'ubushobozi bw'abaturage. Abanshi mu bari mu migi usanga birwanaho ngo babone aho batura kuko hatari hajyaho uburyo buhamye bwo kubonera abantu bose amazu yo kubamo.<ref name=":3">https://turaheza.com/</ref> Kugeza ubu, abatuye muri Kigali bihariye kimwe cya kabiri cy'abatuye mu mijyi muri rusange mu [[Rwanda]]. Ubushakashatsi ku isoko ry'amazu muri Kigali (2012-22) buvuga ko ugereranyije hakenewe muri rusange amazu 458,256, harimo amashya 344,068 akwiye kubakwa. Ibi bivuze ko hakenewe: -Amazu 43.436 yagenewe ibikorwa by'imibereho rusange (12,6%); -Amazu 186.163 ahendutse (54.1%); -Amazu 112.867 aciriritse (32.8%); -Amazu meza 1.601 ahwanye na (0.5%) muri Kigali honyine. Mu gihugu hose, nta bushakashatsi bwari bwakorwa ariko burimo gutegurwa. Ariko biteganyijwe ko hashobora kuba ubwikube kabiri bw'uburyo bihagaze muri [[Kigali]].<ref name=":3" /> [[Dosiye:Tradition house 2.jpg|thumb|Inzu ya Kinyarwanda]] Ibyagezweho ubu byerekana ko hari ukwivugurura mu bijyanye n'igenamigambi, gukoresha ibikorerwa imbere mu gihugu cyane cyane ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi, uburenganzira bungana kuri buri wese. Bimwe mu byatumye kandi bigerwaho birimo: Kumenyekanisha ibikorwa, gukora inyigo, kugerageza imishinga imwe n'imwe ijyanye n'imiturire.<ref name=":4">https://www.rba.co.rw/post/Umujyi-wa-Kigali-wasabwe-kunoza-serivizi-zimiturire</ref> Guteza imbere igenamigambi ry'imiturire n'imishinga igamije gutunganya imijyi bikomeje gushyirwamo ingufu kandi bizatuma hirindwa ihuzagurika mu gucunga imishinga y'iterambere n'igenamigambi rinozwe.<ref name=":4" /> N'ubwo hari imbogamizi zikiriho mu bijyanye n’amafaranga agenewe imiturire, uburyo bwo gutanga inguzanyo bwateye imbere binyuze mu gushyiraho inguzanyo z'igihe kirekire, kugabanya gato inyungu, uburyo bunyuranye kandi bworoshye mu bijyanye no kwishyura mbere, no kunoza Politiki yimiturire y'igihugu.<ref name=":5">https://www.lands.rw/home</ref> == Guteza imbere imiturire == Guverinoma yihaye intego kongera urwego rujyanye n'ubufatanye n’iterambere ry’imiturire hagamijwe iterambere rirambye. Hatangiye kandi gahunda yo kubaka inzu nshya zigezweho.<ref name=":4" /> Kwikorera ibikoresho bikenerwa mu bwubatsi ni bimwe mu ngamba za leta, aha harimo nko gukora sima, amatafari atangiza ibidukikije, kwihaza mu bintu bitandukanye n'ibindi. [[Dosiye:Burn Brick.jpg|thumb|kubumba amatafari]] Mu [[Rwanda]], Inzego zishinzwe imiturire n’ubwutatsi zikomeje kwiyubaka.<ref name=":5" /> == Ubuvanganzo na firime == U [[Rwanda]] ntirufite amateka maremare ajyanye n'[[Ubuvanganzo]] bwanditse, ariko hari ubuvangazo nyemvugo bikomeye bishingiye ku [[:en:Poetry|busizi.]] Mu buryo bwihariye mbere y'Ubukoloni, U [[Rwanda]] rwateje imbere [[Ibitekerezo]] (ubusizi n'umuziki gakondo), Ubucurabwenge (ibisekuruza by'abami bikunze ''kuvugwa'' mu mihango y'iyimikwa), Ibisigo (Ibisigo by'i Bwami). Ubundi indangagaciro n'ibindi bijyanye n'amateka byagiye hirerekanywa uko ibihe bigenda bisimburana. Umuntu uzwi cyane nk'umwanditsi w'amateka mu [[Rwanda]] ni [[:en:Alexis_Kagame|Alexis Kagame]] (1912 &#x2013; 1981), wakoze kandi atangaza ubushakashatsi ku muco gakondo ndetse no kwandika imivugo ye.<ref name=":0" /> Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] yatumye haboneka [[Igitabo|ibitabo]] by’inkuru z’abatangabuhamya, inyandiko n’ibitekerezo byanditswe n’igisekuru gishya cy’abanditsi nka Benjamin Sehene. Hakozwe amafilime atari make yerekeranye na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]], harimo nka Golden Globe yiswe ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' na ''Shooting Dogs''. == Reba kandi == * [[:en:Languages_of_Rwanda|Indimi zo mu Rwanda]] * [[:en:List_of_Rwandan_writers|Urutonde rwabanditsi b'Abanyarwanda]] == Inyandiko == {{Reflist|3}} * [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] hus4lbbvklgto9p8z2mxsa64c2b3sk3 0 8714 140490 135892 2026-09-30T09:26:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140490 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Rwanda_schoolchildren.jpg|thumb|254x254px| Abanyeshuri bo mu mashuri abanza mu Rwanda]] [[File:2018-03-23_OLPC_training_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|248x248px| 2018-03-23 Amahugurwa ya OLPC mu Rwanda]] == Amateka yuburezi [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]] == == Mbere yo Mu mwaka 1900 == '''Uburezi mu Rwanda''' ntabwo bwari busanzwe kandi bwatangwaga ahanini binyuze [[Miryango|mumuryango]] . Amasomo yatangwaga kandi binyuze mu [[Itorero|matorero]]. aho bigaga ibya gisirikare, ibijyanye n'intambara, gucura ibyuma, ibisigo, kuboha ibitebo, n'ibindi Ubumenyi bwabo mubuzima. == Mu mwaka 1960 kugeza mu mwaka 1994 == Nyuma y'ubwigenge, hibanzwe ku kuvugurura gahunda y'uburezi no guteza imbere integanyanyigisho z'igihugu. Intego nyamukuru kwari ukugera ku bana benshi bo mu [[Rwanda]] cyane cyane kunoza uburyo bwo kwiga mu cyaro. Gahunda yigihugu no guhinduranya igitondo n'ikigorobabyatangijwe mu mwaka 1966. Kuva mu mwaka 1977 ,amashuri abanza yari imyaka 8 mu [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], mugihe amashuli yisumbuye yigishijwaga mu[[Igifaransa|gifaransa]]. == Kuva Mu mwaka 1994 kugeza Mu mwaka 2012 == [[Dosiye:I5H80331 02.jpg|thumb|ikigo cy' amashuri cya Ruhunda cyinjijwe muri Wiki clubs]] Imyaka ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi yibanze ku gushora imari kwabantu no kongera umubare w’abanyeshuri.mu mwaka 1996 hashyizweho amashuri abanza yimyaka 6, ikiciro rusange cyayisumbuye cyimyaka 3, nayisumbuye yimyaka 3, aho [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] yari ururimi rwo kwigisha kugeza kumyaka 6 y'ibanze, mugihe ayisumbuye , yahindutse igifaransa nicyongereza . Mu mwaka wa 2006, Gahunda ya 4 y’Ingamba z’Uburezi (ESSP 2006–2010) yashyizeho amashuri atishyurwa -9 Yibanze - harimo abanza na tatu yisumbuye. Mugihe igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha cyazamutse, ibiciro bijyanye nishuri byakomeje kuba inzitizi kuri benshi. [[Dosiye:Don Bosco School Gatenga.jpg|thumb|Ishusho iherereye mu kigo cya don bosco mu Gatenga]] Mu mwaka wa 2008, mu rwego rwo gushimangira kwinjira ku [[Rwanda]] m'umuryango [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] (EAC), [[icyongereza]] cyemejwe nkururimi rw’igihugu rwigisha, imyaka 3 gusa yambere y’amashuli abanza niyo yigishwa mu [[Kinyarwanda]]. Hashyizweho abayobozi benshi bashya: * Ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503215557/http://www.wda.gov.rw/en gishinzwe guteza imbere abakozi (WDA)] cyashinzwe mu mwaka 2008 kugira ngo gikemure muri politiki nziza, gukenera amahugurwa ya tekiniki n’imyuga kwabakozi. * Ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20210126202344/http://www.reb.rw/ gishinzwe uburezi mu Rwanda (REB)], cyashinzwe mu mwaka 2011, cyabaye ikigo gishyira mu bikorwa uburezi rusange: gutanga politiki y’uburezi ibitekerezo ku bumenyi, guhuza ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya gahunda z’uburezi, kugenzura iterambere ry’imyigishirize, ibipimo by’uburezi, ibizamini by’igihugu ku bumenyi, n'ibindi. * Muri Gashyantare mu mwaka 2018 [[Rwanda Polytechnic]] ( http://www.rp.gov.rw/ )yashyizweho ibumbira hamwe Ishuri rikuru ry'imyuga (IPRC), yabaye ikigo cy'ibikorwa n'amahame ya tekiniki, n'imyuga y'igihugu, etc == Kuva Mu mwaka 2012 kugeza Mu mwaka 2016 == [[Dosiye:I5H80331.jpg|thumb|Wiki Clubs mu ishuri]] Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012, muri gahunda nshya y’ingamba z’uburezi (ESSP 2013-2015), intego yavuye mu kongera umubare w'abinjira n'abiyandikisha mu myaka 9 y'ibanze igera ku kuzamura ireme n’akamaro k’ishuri ndetse no kongera amahirwe yo kwiga amashuri yisumbuye hatangijwe imyaka 12 y’ibanze. Politiki yuburezi (12YBE), ituma amafaranga yishuri atishyurwa kugeza mumashuri yisumbuye. == Minisiteri y'Uburezi == '''Minisitiri w’uburezi''' Dr. Valentine Uwamariya yasimbuye Dr Eugene Mutimura mu mwaka 2020 aba minisitiri w’uburezi [[Dosiye:Dr._Valentine_Uwamariya.jpg|thumb|Minisitiri w'uburezi mu Rwanda Dr. Valentine Uwamariya ]] == Ubutumwa n'Intego == "Kurwanya ubujiji no kutamenya gusoma." "Gutanga abakozi bafite akamaro mu iterambere ry'ubukungu n'umuryango by'u [[Rwanda]] binyuze mu burezi n'amahugurwa" == Amafaranga yuburezi == Uburezi bufite 15% byingengo y'igihugu muriyo 9.5% ahabwa HE Mu 2003 amafaranga leta yakoresheje mu burezi yari Miliyari 48 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda (ni ukuvuga miliyoni 48.6 z'amapound cyangwa miliyoni 86 z'Amanyamerika). Hagati ya 1996 na 2001 amafaranga rusange yakoreshejwe ava kuri 3.2% agera kuri 5.5%. Icyakora ibyinshi muribi byakoreshejwe mu mashuri yisumbuye. == Ibipimo byuburezi == [[File:Schule_Mpushi-Ruanda.jpg|thumb| Icyumba cy'ishuri i Mpushi]] Inzego zikurikira zigenzura ibipimo byuburezi - Urwego rw'ubwubatsi n'ibikoresho * Gushiraho ibipimo by'icyumba cy'ishuli /ubwubatsi bwishuri. - Inama y’igihugu ishinzwe ibizamini * Gushyiraho ibipimo byamanota niterambere murwego rukurikira rwuburezi. Ishami rishinzwe igenamigambi * Gushyiraho no gukurikirana ibipimo byerekana imikorere ya sisitemu. - Ubugenzuzi Bukuru bw’Uburezi * [[Dosiye:Umuco mu mashuri.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri bari kwigisha umuco]]Kugenzura no gutanga inama kubijyanye no kubahiriza amahame. == Ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho(ICT) mu burezi == [[File:OLPC_classroom_teaching.JPG|thumb| Ishuri rya [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)|OLPC]], mumashuri abanza]] Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yashyizeho ingamba z'igihugu mu ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho (ICT). Ibi bihuzwa n’ikigo cy’ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho ry’u [[Rwanda]] (RITA) cyari kigamije kuba urwego rw’igihugu mu rwego rwo gushyigikira iterambere no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa remezo by’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho mu nzego za Leta n’abikorera. Minisiteri y’Uburezi (MINEDUC) [http://mineduc.gov.rw/] igira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya ICT mu mashuri kandi ikaba iyobora umushinga [[Laptop imwe kuri buri mwana (OLPC)|umwe wa mudasobwa igendanwa ku mwana]] [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Rwanda] mu gihugu. Nubwo muri iki gihe hari ubumenyi buke bwa ICT n’inkunga ya tekiniki, uburezi bwa ICT bwigishwa mu mashuri makuru kugeza mu mashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye. Kwigisha ICT byatangiye gutanga umusaruro , aho abanyeshuri benshi ubu babona ibiraka bagahabwa umushahara mwiza (ukurikije ibipimo byaho). U [[Rwanda]] kandi rushobora gukurura ubucuruzi binyuze mu ndimi ebyiri Igifaransa n'Icyongereza zikoreshwa n'abaturage benshi. [[Rwanda Education Commons]] (REC) ni gahunda yimyaka ine iterwa inkunga na [[USAID]] mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya ICT mu burezi. Kuva REC yafungura ibiro byayo muri [[MINEDUC]] muri Mutarama mu mwaka 2009, yakoze mu rwego rwo kwagura ubumenyi bw'abarimu, guhuza abarezi hagati yabo, ndetse no gushishikariza no guha ubushobozi abarimu. REC yesheje umuhigo wo kugera ku ntego zayo no kumenyekana nk'umufatanyabikorwa ufatika kandi mwiza mu gufasha u [[Rwanda]] kugera kuri ICT mu ntego z'uburezi. REC yateguye urubuga rwuburezi kuri interineti www.educationcommons.rw Uyu muryango wa interineti urimo isomero riteye imbere ryujuje ubuziranenge ninteganyanyigisho, inama zungurana ibitekerezo, ibikoresho byimbuga rusange, hamwe namakuru. Abarimu barenga 1.630 biyandikishije kuri uru rubuga kandi bahora barukoresha. Bamwe mu banyeshuri bagiye biga muri kaminuza nyafurika yemerera abanyeshuri kwiga kumurongo mugihe bigishwa nabarimu baturutse mubindi bihugu. Mu Kwakira umwaka 2006, Komisiyo ya e-Africa ya [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika|NEPAD]] yatangije umushinga wo kurushaho guteza imbere ICT mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]]. Umushinga uzahuza amashuri muri Afrika, harimo abanza n'ayisumbuye, kandi ugamije kwaguka; amaherezo izashyiramo amashuri yisumbuye yose yu Rwanda. Ibigo bibiri nibyo bifite uruhare runini mu burezi bwa ICT - KIST (Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga rya Kigali) na KIE (Ikigo cy’uburezi cya [[Kigali]] . [[Dosiye:Children preparing salads.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri biga gutegura Salade]] Kuva mu mwaka 2005, KIE yagize uruhare muri ICT muri gahunda y’uburezi mu rwego rw’umushinga munini wa EdQual , uterwa inkunga n’ishami ry’[[Ubwongereza]] rishinzwe iterambere mpuzamahanga DfID kandi urimo ibihugu bine by’abafatanyabikorwa ba [[Afurika]]. Gahunda ya EdQual mu [[Rwanda]] yagiye ikorana n’abarimu bo mu mashuri 12 abanza nayisumbuye mu [[Rwanda]]. Binyuze muri gahunda y'amahugurwa n'ibikorwa mumashuri, abarimu bagiye batezimbere ubumenyi bwabo bwa ICT no gukoresha ICT kugirango bashyigikire kwigisha no kwiga siyanse n'imibare. Ubundi bushakashatsi buciriritse bwa EdQual bwagereranije umushinga wa [[Umugambi Mushya w’Iterambere muri Afurika|NEPAD]] mu mashuri yo mu [[Rwanda]] na [[Kenya]]. == Igipimo cyo gusoma no kwandika == Igipimo cyo gusoma no kwandika mu gihugu, cyerekanye ko abafite imyaka 15 kuzamura bashobora gusoma no kwandika, cyari 71% mu mwaka 2009, 38% mu 1978 na 58% mu mwaka 1991. == Imbogamizi z'uburezi mu Rwanda == Urwego rw'uburezi umuntu aba afite akenshi rubonwa nk'uburyo bwo gukusanya imari ifasha mu iterambere ry'ibihugu. Mu [[Rwanda]], mu myaka yashize guverinoma yashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo kugira ngo habeho umubare munini w'abaturage bazi gusoma no kwandika. Mu mwka 2004–2008, 77% by'abagabo n'abagore bari bazi gusoma no kwandika, ibyo bikaba ari ijanisha ryinshi, nyamara, abakomeza amashuri yisumbuye bahagaze kuri 31%. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, '''Minisiteri y'Uburezi (MINEDUC)''' igaragara nkitarashobora kwesa umuhigo wo kugirango abana bato bose bajye ku ishuli. Urwego rw'uburezi, mu [[Rwanda]], rukomeje kuba ruto nubwo hashyizwe mu bikorwa politiki y'uburezi buteganijwe ku mashuri abanza (imyaka 6) ndetse n'ayisumbuye (imyaka 3 ) iyobowe n'amashuri ya [[Leta]]. Abana ntibasabwa kuriha amafaranga yishuri kuri ayo mashuri. Biteganijwe ko umunyarwanda arangiza impuzandengo y'imyaka 10,6 y'uburezi. Ariko, impuzandengo y'imyaka u [[Rwanda]] ikoresha mumashuri ni imyaka 3.3, ibyo bikaba biri munsi yibyateganijwe. Bikaba biri no munsi y'imyaka isanzwe y'ishuri mubihugu byateye imbere na [[Afrika]] yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, kuko ho biga imyaka 10.0 n'imyaka 4.5. Hashingiwe kuri raporo '''y’iterambere ry’abantu''' 2010 '''(HDI)''', [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] ruri ku mwanya wa 152 mu bihugu 169 byose biri mu cyiciro cy’iterambere ry’abantu. Umubare w’abanyarwanda binjira mu mashuri wiyongereye hagati yu mwaka 2001 na 2008, ariko ibikoresho n’umutungo ntibyiyongereye ku kigero kimwe. Kwiyandikisha mu mashuri abanza byikubye hafi kabiri mu myaka icumi ishize, ku mpuzandengo y’ubwiyongere buri mwaka ya 5.4 ku ijana hagati ya 1998 na 2009, igera ku banyeshuri bagera kuri miliyoni 2.2 muri 2008. Icyakora, ubwiyongere bw'abanyeshuri bwatinze mu 2007/08 hiyongereyeho abanyeshuri 40.000 gusa, ugereranije no kwiyongera kw'abanyeshuri 160.000 muri 2005/06. Igitangaje ni uko nta kwiyongera gukomeye kugaragara nyuma yo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki y’uburezi bwibanze ku buntu mu 2003/04, bivuze ko ibintu bitari amafaranga y’ishuri bigira uruhare mu cyemezo cyo kohereza [[umwana]] ku ishuri. Mu mwaka wa 2008, abanyeshuri bagera ku 71 bo mu mashuli abanza bigiraga mu cyumba kimwe, mu mashuri yisumbuye abanyeshuri bagera kuri 5 ugereranyije basangiye [[igitabo]] 1. Mu mashuli abanza umwarimu yigisha abanyeshuri bagera kuri 62 ugereranyije. Amashuri yo mucyaro cya kure cyane nayo abona ko bigoye gukurura abarimu. Inzitizi zindi n’uko ibikoresho by’inyongera byo gusoma bitari bihagije, cyane cyane ku byiciro by’amashuri abanza. * (i) gukwirakwiza ibitabo biterwa cyane no kuboneka kwinkunga, bigira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwa guverinoma bwo gukora igenamigambi rihagije, kandi ntibishobora gusubiza neza amasoko n'ibisabwa. * (ii) gusuzuma amasoko yo gutangaza ibitabo akenshi bifata igihe kirekire * (iii) abarimu bumva ko badafite uruhare ruhagije mugikorwa cyo gutoranya ibitabo * (iv) ibitabo bishobora kwangirika kubera gukwirakwiza nabi no gucunga aho bibikwa Izi ngingo zitera kunyuranya ibitabo kwabanyeshuri hagati y’ishuri no mu turere. Ibi bigenda byerekana ko hakiri imbogamizi mubijyanye no kubona n'ibitabo byujuje ubuziranenge mu [[Rwanda]] biteganijwe ko bizakemurwa muri gahunda zimirije. Abagera kuri 40% by'abarimu mu [[Rwanda]] bafite uburambe bwimyaka 5 yo kwigisha. Umubare w’abarimu bujuje ibisabwa mu mashuri abanza wiyongereye kugera kuri 99% muri 2008, nyamara, umubare w’abarimu bujuje ibisabwa mu mashuri yisumbuye ikiciro cya mbere ni 36% na 33% gusa mu kiciro cya kabiri cy'amashuri yisumbuye. Ibi bivuze ko u [[Rwanda]] rudafite abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhanitse, cyane cyane iyo urebye umubare munini wabarimu badafite ubushobozi bwo kwigisha abanyeshuri bo mumashuri yisumbuye. [[Dosiye:Students on masks.jpg|thumb|Abanyeshuri Bari mu ishuri]] Abigisha benshi bumvaga ko bahembwa nabi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, 10% gusa by’abarimu babajijwe bose nibo bize kugira ngo babone impamyabumenyi ihanitse yo kwigisha mu [[Rwanda]]. Benshi mubarimu bigisha mumashuri yisumbuye bariga bashaka impamyabumenyi ihanitse itari iyo kwigisha. Ibi birerekana ko ubushake bwo gukomeza amashuri ari buke kandi hari n'indi mirimo ifite inyungu nyinshi ugereranije no kwigisha mu [[Rwanda]]. Muri rusange, kutagira ireme muri gahunda yuburezi, nkibipimo byabarimu, kubura ibikoresho nubutunzi bituma amashuri adashimishije. == Amashuri abanza == Ururimi rukoreshwa mu kwigisha mu myaka itatu yambere yuburezi bwibanze ni [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]] . Mu mwaka wa kane kugeza mu wa gatandatu, ni Icyongereza. Amasomo y’igifaransa yasubukuwe buri cyumweru mu mashuri abanza, guhera mu 2016. <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/depeches/7725/politique/au-rwanda-le-francais-longtemps-mis-de-cote-fait-un-discret-retour/</ref> Imibare kuva mu mwaka 2003: {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka: ! 2002-3 ! 2007 ! 2011 ! 2015 |- | # y'Amashuri | 2.172 | 2.370 | 2,543 | 2.752 |- | # y'abanyeshuri | 1.636.563 | 2.150.430 | 2,341.146 | 2,450.705 |- | # y'abarimu | 26.024 | 31.037 | 40.299 | 42,005 |- | % by'abarimu babishoboye | 85.2% | 98.1% | 98,6% | 93.9% |- | Abanyeshuri kuri buri mwarimu | 62.9 | 69.3 | 58.1 | 58.3 |- | Igipimo rusange cyo kwiyandikisha (GER) | 100.0% | 151.9% | 127.3% | 135.3% |- | Igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha neza (NER) | 82.7% | 95.8% | 95.9% | 96.9% |} Nubwo hari byinshi byagezweho mu [[Rwanda]] rugerageza kugera ku burezi bw'ibanze ku isi yose, kuri ubu rufite kimwe mu bipimo byisubiramo cyane mu karere ka Sahara. Amashuri abanza arangiye, abanyeshuri bafata icyemezo cyibanze cyuko barangije amashuli abanza (PLE). == Amashuri yisumbuye == Ururimi bigamo ni Icyongereza. Imibare, kuva 2007: {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka: ! 2007 ! 2011 ! 2015 |- | # y'Amashuri | 643 | 1.362 | 1.543 |- | # y'abanyeshuri | 266.518 | 486.437 | 543.936 |- | # y'abarimu | 12,103 | 20.522 | 27,644 |- | % by'abarimu babishoboye | 53.4% | 64.4% | 67.9% |- | Abanyeshuri kuri buri mwarimu | 22.0 | 23.7 | 19.7 |- | Igipimo rusange cyo kwiyandikisha (GER) | 20.5% | 35.5% | 38.0% |- | Igipimo cyo kwiyandikisha neza (NER) | 13.1% | 25.7% | 28.3% |} Amashuri yisumbuye agabanijwe mu cyiciro cya mbere n'icyiciro cya kabiri, byombi bimara imyaka 3. Amashuri Yisumbuye, kimwe n'abanza yibanda ku kunguka ubumenyi nubuhanga. Hamwe na 6 abanza ukongeraho 3 yisumbuye ikiciro cya mbere nibyo bikora -9YBE - 9 yibanze. Iyo myaka 3 irangiye, abanyeshuri bakora Urwego-O,ibizamini byigihugu bibafasha gukomeza Amashuri Yisumbuye. Benshi kandi bakomeza muri sisitemu ya TVET - sisitemeTekiniki, imyuga n'amahugurwa. Guhera mu kiciro cya kabiri cy'ayisumbuye, abanyeshuri batangira amasomo yihariye: * Amashuri Yisumbuye (GSS): aho abanyeshuri bazobereye muri siyanse, ubumuntu, cyangwa indimi bakazakora ibizamini byo kurwego rw'igihugu. * Amashuri yisumbuye ya Tekinike (TSS): amahugurwa ya tekinike aganisha ku cyemezo cya A2. Muri EDPRS II guteza imbere ubumenyi bwa tekiniki n’imyuga byagaragaye ko ari ngombwa mu kuzamura ubukungu bw’u [[Rwanda]]. Hifashishijwe ikigo [https://web.archive.org/web/20190503215557/http://www.wda.gov.rw/en gishinzwe guteza imbere abakozi (WDA)] mu mwaka wa 2008 iyi nzira yisumbuye ya tekiniki iri mu nzira yo kwinjizwa mu bigo by’ubukungu by’akarere ka IPRC, hamwe n’ibigo byigisha imyuga (VTC's) hamwe n’Amashuri makuru. y'Ikoranabuhanga (CoT's). * Amashuri makuru yo guhugura abarimu (TTC) : Abanyeshuri bari muriyamashuli bahugurirwa kuba abarimu bo mumashuri abanza (nubwo bamwe bakomeza amasomo mumashuri makuru). Kuri 16 TTC, gutegura integanyanyigisho, gusuzuma no gutanga ibyemezo ninshingano za [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza]] yuburezi ya kaminuza yu [[Rwanda]] (UR-CE). Umubare wabanyeshuri nuburinganire muri mwaka 2015: {| class="wikitable" ! ! # y'abanyeshuri ! % Umugore |- | Amashuri yisumbuye | 336.442 | 53.5% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Rusange (GSS) | 131.267 | 55.0% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Tekiniki (TSS) | 67,456 | 44.7% |- | Amashuri Yisumbuye - Umwarimu (TTC) | 8,771 | 55.8% |} [[Dosiye:Kaminuza imag.jpg|thumb|Ibiro bikuru bya Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ]] == Amashuri makuru == Kugeza mu mwaka 2015, mu [[Rwanda]] hari ibigo 44 by'amashuri makuru, 12 muri byo ni ibya Leta naho 32 byigenga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Amatangazo/2015%20Education%20Staiatical%20YearbookF.pdf |accessdate=2021-02-04 |archive-date=2017-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170305194604/http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Amatangazo/2015%20Education%20Staiatical%20YearbookF.pdf |deadurl=yes }}</ref> Kaminuza ya mbere mu [[Rwanda]], [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (NUR ubu iri muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza yu Rwanda]] ), yafunguwe na guverinoma mu mwaka 1963, ifite abanyeshuri 49. Umwaka w'amashuri wa 1999–2000, ibi byariyongereye bigera ku 4,550. Mu 1997-1998 u [[Rwanda]] rwari rufite abanyeshuri 5.571 biyandikishije mu mashuri makuru. Uyu munsi abanyeshuli babarirwa muri 26.796, 39% muri bo ni igitsina gore. Muri sisitemu yo mumashuri makuru harakorwa PhD zigera ku 100, igice kinini cyazo zikorerwa muri NUR. Mu bice by'ubushakashatsi harimo ubuhinzi, ubworozi, n'amahugurwa y'abashinzwe imirima. Hashyizweho gahunda ya 'Universités du soir' (kaminuza zo mu ishuri rya nijoro) kugira ngo yongere kaminuza. Ariko, habaye impaka zijyanye nubwiza bwamasomo yatanzwe. [[Dosiye:University of Rwanda headquarters.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza Nakuru y'u Rwanda ]] Ishami rishinzwe amashuri makuru mu [[Rwanda]] riracyafite byinshi mu guteza imbere imyigishirize. Muri 2000–1, umwaka wanyuma abanyeshuri barangije bafite amanota ari hagati ya 11 na 50%. Mu myaka yose, iki gipimo cyo gutsinda ni 53-76%. Amashuri makuru mu [[Rwanda]] ni: [https://web.archive.org/web/20210207002642/https://ur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza y'u Rwanda], nayo igizwe na kaminuza 6: * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga (ahahoze hitwa [[Kigali]] Institute of Science and Technology) * Kaminuza yu Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru Nderabarezi (ryahoze ryitwa Kigali Institute of Education) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuvuzi n'Ubuzima (ryahoze ryitwa Ikigo Nderabuzima cya [[Kigali]]) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubucuruzi n'Ubukungu (ahahoze hitwa Ishuri ry'Imari na Banki) * Kaminuza yu Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuhinzi, Ubumenyi bw’inyamaswa n’ubuvuzi bw’amatungo (ahahoze hitwa ISAE Busogo) * Kaminuza y'u Rwanda - Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi bw'Imibereho (yahoze yitwa kaminuza nkuru y'u [[Rwanda]]) * Ishuri Rikuru ry'Abarimu mu [[Rwanda]] (RTC) Kaminuza Nyafurika y'Ubuyobozi [[IPRC Tumba|Tumba College of Technology (TCT)]] Umutara Polytechnic (UP) [[IPRC Kigali|Ikigo cya Polytechnic Regional Centre Centre Kicukiro Campus (IPRC)]] [[Institute of Legal Practice and Development (ILPD)|Ikigo cy’amategeko n’iterambere (ILPD)]] Amashuri Makuru Yigenga Ikigo Gatolika cya Kabgayi (ICK) [[Kigali Independent University|Kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali (ULK)]] Ikigo cy'Ubuhinzi, ikoranabuhanga n'Uburezi ya Kibungo (INATEK) Institut Laique adventiste de Kigali (INILAK) [[Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati (AUCA)|Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti bo muri Afurika yo Hagati n'Uburasirazuba (AUCA)]] [[INES RUHENGERI|Institut d'Enseignement Supérieur de Ruhengeri (INES)]] Kaminuza Gatolika y'u [[Rwanda]] (CUR) Kaminuza ya KIM (yahoze ari ikigo gishinzwe imiyoborere ya Kigali): www.kimuniversity.ac.rw Byumba Polytechnic (IPB) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210210140846/http://www.kp.ac.rw/ - Kibogora Polytechnic (KP)] [http://www.piass.ac.rw/ - Ikigo cy'Abaporotesitanti cy'Ubuhanzi n'Ubumenyi bw'Imibereho (PIASS)] [https://web.archive.org/web/20210125002128/https://utb.ac.rw/ - Kaminuza y'Ubukerarugendo, Ikoranabuhanga n'Ubucuruzi (UTB)] [[Mount Kenya University|Kaminuza ya Mount Kenya Kigali (MKU Kigali)]] Ikigo Nderabuzima cya [[Kigali]], ikigo cy’ubuhinzi n’ubworozi (ISAE) [http://www.akilahinstitute.org - Ikigo cya Akilah gishinzwe abagore] == Reba kandi == * [[Urutonde rw'amashuri mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230141518/http://www.bc.edu/bc_org/avp/soe/cihe/inhea/profiles/Rwanda.htm Umuyoboro Mpuzamahanga w'Amashuri Makuru Muri Afurika] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230152340/http://www.nur.ac.rw/ Kaminuza ya NUR] * [http://www.mineduc.gov.rw/ Minisiteri y'Uburezi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20111204014549/http://www.educationcommons.rw/ U Rwanda Uburezi, u Rwanda] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716120302/http://www.rwandagateway.org/education/ Rwanda Gateway] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120207011229/http://www.newsfromafrica.org/newsfromafrica/articles/art_10796.html Amakuru Yaturutse muri Afurika] * [http://www.akilahinstitute.org Akilah Institute for Women] [[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi|Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Uburezi mu Rwanda| ]] r1d36ir2vl0zr0zv1gld6zxitc6ksin 0 8733 140491 132639 2026-09-30T09:26:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140491 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Cathedral Parish of Byumba.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya|288x288px]] '''Diyosezi Gatolika ya Gikongoro''' ( Mu Kilatiini: ''Ghikongoroën(sis'') ni diyosezi iherereye mu mujyi wa Gikongoro mu Karere k'Ubutumwa ka Kiliziya ka [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]. [[Dosiye:Interior_of_Catholic_Cathedral_-_Huye_(Butare)_-_Rwanda_-_03_(9009560242).jpg|thumb|Diyoseze gatolika ya Gikongoro|290x290px]] ibamo paruwasi ya Kibeho, aho Bikira Mariya yabonekeye abantu mu myaka ya za 1980. Ingoro y'amabonekerwa ya [[Bikira Mariya w'Ikibeho|Bikira Mariya Nyina wa Jambo wa Kibeho]] ubu irahari kandi ni ahantu hahurira abakora ingendo nyobokamana. Iyi Diyosezi irimo na paruwasi nini Gatolika i Kaduha na Cyanika. Amateka avuga ko Gikongoro yari intara ikennye cyane mu Rwanda. Gikongoro ubu ni igice cy'Intara y'Amajyepfo. Umwepiskopi wa mbere w'iyi diyosezi, [[:en:Augustin_Misago|Augustin Misago]], yashyizweho igice kubera ko yari yarize kandi yandika ku mabonekerwa ya [[Kibeho]] igihe yari Umuyobozi wa [[:en:Nyakibanda_Major_Seminary|Seminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda]] . Mu 1999, Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] yashinje Musenyeri Misago uruhare muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], maze amara amezi 14 muri gereza mu gihe urubanza rwe rwabaga. Amaherezo yaje kugirwa umwere muri Kamena 2000 maze yemererwa gusubira mu mirimo ye yo kuba umwepiskopi. [[Dosiye:Panorama_of_Interior_of_Catholic_Cathedral_-_Huye_(Butare)_-_Rwanda_(9008175467).jpg|thumb|Yashinzwe nka Diyosezi ya Gikongoro ivuye kuri diyoseze ya Butare|305x305px]] == Amateka == * Ku wa 30 Werurwe 1992: Yashinzwe nka Diyosezi ya Gikongoro ivuye kuri [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Butare|Diyosezi ya Butare]] == Ubuyobozi == * Abepiskopi ba Gikongoro (umuhango wa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma) ** Musenyeri [[:en:Augustin_Misago|Augustin Misago]] (1992-2012) ** Musenyeri Célestin Hakizimana (2015 - ubungubu) == Reba kandi == * [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/diocese/giko0.htm GCatholic.org] [yiyitiriye ] * [http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dgiko.html Inzego z'Abagatolika] [ziyitiriye ] [[Ikiciro:Umuco w' U Rwanda]] ax7feqz21p3p47vjumqj7ypgomc3mny 0 8833 140492 139134 2026-09-30T09:26:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140492 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gahanga Cricket Stadium.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga Mpuzamahanga cy'umukino wa Cricket mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:KicukiroDist.png|thumb|Aho ikibuga giherereye]] Stade nkuru y'umukino wa cricket mu Rwanda ibarizwa i Gahanga mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], ikaba [[Dosiye:Gahanga_Cricket_Oval_in_Kicukiro.jpg|thumb|Ikibuga cya Cricket ]] ariyo stade mpuzamahanga ya Cricket mu Rwanda <ref name="KT">https://www.cricketbuildshope.org/gahanga-cricket-stadium</ref> == Amateka == Muri Kanama 2011, Fondasiyo ya Sitade ya Cricket mu Rwanda yashinzwe nk'igikorwa cy’urukundo, ikora nka sosiyete idashingiye ku nyungu, hagamijwe ko yubaka ikanacunga ikibuga cy’imikino mpuzamahanga cya mbere cyeguriwe [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. kubaka iki kibuga byarangiye muri Werurwe 2017. Iherereye kuri hegitari 4.5 ku nkombe ya [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru [[Rwanda|w'u Rwanda.]] <ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/feb/15/rwanda-cricket-stadium-massacre-site Cricket stadium to rise in shadow of Rwandan massacre]</ref> Kuri ubu stade yakira amarushanwa ya Kwibuka Women T20 ngarukamwaka, Iyi nkunga iyobowe n'itsinda ry'abakunzi ba Cricket baturutse mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] no mu [[Rwanda]] ku bufatanye na Fondasiyo ya Marylebone Cricket Club. Mu mwaka wa 2012, Brian Lara <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNIVERSITY CRICKET at OXFORD |url=http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s |accessdate=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2015-09-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930143746/http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s |deadurl=yes }}</ref> yemeye kuba umwe mu ba Patron b'ubutaka. Iyi Sitade kandi ishyigikiwe n’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe w’Ubwongereza, David Cameron, Andrew Mitchell, Jonathan Agnew, Heather Knight, Peter Gummer, Baron Chadlington <ref>{{Cite web |title=MCC |url=http://mccfoundation.co.uk/398/rwanda-2/ |accessdate=2021-04-08 |archive-date=2014-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714143953/http://mccfoundation.co.uk/398/rwanda-2/ |deadurl=yes }}</ref> <ref>[http://s.telegraph.co.uk/graphics/projects/Fields-Of-Dreams/index.html Field of dreams]</ref> Muri 2018, ikibanza cyatoranijwe kugira ngo kizakire imikino mumatsinda ya 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Africa Qualifier Itsinda ry'iburasirazuba. Iyi stade kandi yakiriye amarushanwa ya T20 y'abagore ya Kwibuka ya 2019, amarushanwa ya Cricket y'abagore, mu rwego rwo kwibuka abishwe na [[jenoside yo mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] mu 1994.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/indi-mikino/article/challengers-cricket-club-na-charity-cricket-club-zegukanye-shampiyona-ya-2019</ref> [[File:Gahanga Cricket Stadium.jpg|thumb|Gahanga Cricket Stadium]] == Inyandiko mpuzamahanga == === Abagore Ikinyejana cya 20 === Ibinyejana bine WT20I byatsinzwe aho byabereye. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%" !Oya. ! Amanota ! Umukinnyi ! Ikipe ! Imipira ! Ikipe irwanya ! Udushya ! Itariki ! Igisubizo |- | 1 | 116 | Prosscovia Alako | Uganda |  71 | Mali | 1 | 20 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 2 | 103 * | Rita Musamali | Uganda |  61 | Mali | 1 | 20 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 3 | 114 * | Marie Bimenyimana |Rwanda |  81 |Mali | 1 | 21 June 2019 | Watsinze |- | 4 | 108 * | Fatuma Kibasu |Tanzaniya |  71 |Mali | 1 | 22 June 2019 | Watsinze |} ==== Abagore Twenty20 Mpuzamahanga batwara amajwi atanu ==== Imikino imwe ya WT20I yatwaye amajwi atanu yafatiwe aha hantu. {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:100%" !# ! Imibare ! Umukinnyi ! Igihugu ! Udushya ! Murwanya ! Itariki ! Igisubizo |- | '''1''' | 5/0 | Nasra Saidi | Tanzaniya | 2 | Mali | 22 June 2019 | Watsinze |- |}   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [http://www.rcsf.org.uk/ Fondasiyo ya Cricket ya Rwanda] * [http://www.espncricinfo.com/magazine/content/story/731981.html ikinyamakuru espncricinfo] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150930143746/http://www.cricketintheparks.org.uk/#!rwandan-cricket-foundation/c93s UNICERSITY CRICKET kuri OXFORD] == Ishakiro == [[Category:Imikino]] [[Category:Rwanda stadium]] <references /> [[Category:Abagabo]] [[Category:Abagore]] d13latw0dzpk1937d6wmve1cx3zfc9k 0 8899 140423 140027 2026-09-30T09:11:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Nyamata Genocide Herdenkingssite.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi i Nyamata<ref>https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?search=Urwibutso+rwa+jenocide+rwa+Nyamata&title=Special%3AMediaSearch&type=image </ref>]] [[Dosiye:Delegates Arrive with Genocide Commemoration Bouquets - Catholic Church Memorial - Nyamata - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Nyamata]] [[Dosiye:Interior of Catholic Church Genocide Memorial Site with Piled Clothes of Victims - Nyamata - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi rwa Nyamata]] [[Dosiye:Rwandan Genocide Murambi skulls.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q24964550}}{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q24964550|useImage=[[File:Nyamata Genocide memorial.jpg|Nyamata_Genocide_memorial]]}} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata''' rwubatswe ku cyahoze ari urusengero mu birometero 30 uvuye mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]], hibukirwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko ryo]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994. Imibiri y'abantu 50.000 yashyinguwe hano. <ref name="lp">[http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda/sights/religious/nyamata-church Nyamata church], Lonely Planet, Retrieved 4 March 2016</ref> [[Dosiye:Nyamata_Memorial_Site_Rwanda.JPG|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Nyamata Rwanda]] == Aho ruherereye == Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu hantu hatandatu hibukirwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Abandi ni Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]], [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigal]][[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|i]], n'Urwibutso rwa Nyarubuye. <ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi], UNESCO, Retrieved 4 March 2015</ref> Hariho nizindi nzibutso zisaga 250 zanditswe zibitse imibiri y'abatutsi benshi bishwe muri jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amateka == [[File:Nyamata_Memorial_Site_13.jpg|thumb| Ibisigazwa by'imibiri mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata]] [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Itsembabwoko mu Rwanda]] ryatangiye muri Mata 1994. Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu byitwaga amatorero yafatwaga nk'ahantu abantu babonera umutekano mu by'ukuri hatavogerwa. Abantu bagera ku 10,000 bahungiye muri uru rusengero barifungirana. Inkuta z'iyi nzu yari urusengero yerekana uburyo abakoze genocide baciye umwobo mu rukuta rw'iyo nzu kugira ngo grenade zishobore kujugunywa muri uru rusengero maze zice imbaga yari yaruhungiyemo. Nyuma y'ibyo, abantu bari imbere bararashwe abandi bicishwa imihoro. Igisenge cy'itorero cyerekana imyobo y'amasasu kandi igitambaro cy'urutambiro kiracyafite amaraso. Ibyinshi mu bisigazwa byarashyinguwe ariko hasigaye imyenda n'indangamuntu. <ref name="archive">[https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Genocide Archive of Rwanda]</ref> Indangamuntu nizo zagaragazaga abantu nk'abatutsi cyangwa abahutu. Abantu bo muri aka gace kegeranye n'urusengero nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri iryo torero nabo barishwe. Ibisigazwa byabantu 50.000 byashyinguwe hano. <ref name="lp"/> == Reba kandi == * [[Nyamata]]  == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-nyamata-liberation-day-photography Umunsi wo Kwibohoza kwa Nyamata], urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside yo mu Rwanda] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Category:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Category:Rwanda]] [[Category:Genocide]] [[Category:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] plqpkfwmcna85ypv4tn7m0j73vsukfo 0 8902 140493 134216 2026-09-30T09:26:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140493 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Gishwati Natural Forest 02.jpg|thumb|Gishwati Natural Forest 02]] '''Pariki ya Gishwati''' iyi pariki herereye [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|hagati yakarere ka nyabihu]]<ref>https://www.nyabihu.gov.rw/</ref> na ngororero<ref>https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/</ref>, iri shyamba ribitse inyamanswa nyishi ndetse n inyoni ziguruka , hamwe ningagi nkeya [[File:Middle income housing around Gishwati forest.jpg|thumb|Middle income housing around Gishwati forest]] {{Infobox protected area|name=Gishwati Forest Reserve|location=[[Rwanda]]|world_heritage_site=|governing_body=|visitation_year=|visitation_num=|established=|coordinates=|nearest_city=|relief=|map_width=|map_caption=Location within [[Rwanda]]|map_alt=|map=Rwanda|photo_width=|photo_caption=The Hills of Gishwati, 2004|photo_alt=|photo=Collines de Gishwati 3.JPG|url=}} ==Ishyamba rya Gishwati== Ni ishyamba ririnzwe kandi ryitaweho mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]], hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'ikiyaga cya Kivu]] . aya mashyamba yatangiye kwitambwaho kuva mumwaka 1978, kandi amashyamba menshi yabayeho kuva muwa 1986. hasigaye agace gato kazengurutse amashyamba kavukire, 1,500 acres (6.1 km yishyamba ryumwimerere 250.000. Uretse igihombo gikomeye kurusobe rw'ibinyabuzima, muri aka karere,harinindi bikorwa bibangamira imisugire y'all nk' isuri no kwangirika no n'inkangu . Ibikorwa byo gutera amashyamba mumyaka mike ishize byongereye amashyamba kavukire asigaye kuri 2,500 acres. Iri shyamba ariko ryibasiwe n'abaryonona bakaryangiza.<ref>impinduka</ref> abayobobozi b'akarere ka Ngororero ndetse n'inzego z'umutekano bazindukiye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati basanga abaryangiza ni abacukuzi b'amabuye yagaciro batabyemerewe ndetse n'ababaji baryangiza. aho hafashwe abasaga 23. <ref>impinduka ku nyandiko</ref> ubuyobozi bwatanze ubutumwa ku baturage baturiye ishyamba ko bitemewe gutema ibiti kuragiramo [[inka]] ndetse n'ibindi byose bitasabiwe uburenganzira.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/umurenge-wa-muhanda-bamwe-mu-bangiza-ishyamba-rya-gishwati-barafashwe |title=Archive copy |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2022-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707205405/https://www.ngororero.gov.rw/news-detail-1/umurenge-wa-muhanda-bamwe-mu-bangiza-ishyamba-rya-gishwati-barafashwe |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryahoze ari igice kimwe muma mashyamba atoshye anyuze hagati ya [[Afurika|Afrika.]] kandi riherereye hakurya [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y'Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] <ref>http://197.243.22.137/karongi/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=76&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=c1ca6a989ff2e37d2ac836b69f2adf5b</ref>ihuza amashyamba y'imvura yo muri Kongo, n'amajyepfo igahuza [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe]] . iyi miterere y’amashyamba yacitsemo ibice kubera ubwiyongere bw’abaturage no gutema amashyamba.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.rema.gov.rw/soe/kinya.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204321/https://www.rema.gov.rw/soe/kinya.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] yateje ikibazo aho impunzi zahunze kandi abaturage bariyongera uko abantu bavanywe mu byabo; icyakora ako gace kari karahuye nibibazo byo guteshwa agaciro mbere ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu Rwanda. Aka gace karangiritse kubera ubworozi bw'inka n'ubuhinzi kugeza igihe butatanga umusaruro. Isuri, inkangu, kugabanuka kw'amazi, n'uburumbuke bw'ubutaka byari byaturutse ku iyangirika ry'ubutaka. Gahunda yo kubungabunga ishyamba rya Gishwati (GACP) yatangiye muwa 2007 ku bufatanye na perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]], na Great Ape Trust, yashinzwe n’umugiraneza Ted Townsend. Iyi gahunda yatangiranye igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho parike y’[[igihugu]] yo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu [[Rwanda]] mu rwego rwo kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu ishyamba rya Gishwati no guhagarika kwangirika vuba. Mu 1930 Ishyamba rya Gishwati ryatwaye hegitari 70.000 ariko ryatakaje hafi 90 ku ijana by'igifuniko cyaryo, iki gikorwa cyari kigamije kugarura igihombo gikomeye ako gace kamaze kubona mu myaka icumi ishize bityo ikibanza kikaba Ishyamba ry'amizero. Mu mwaka wa 2011, GACP yasimbuwe n’umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta w’u Rwanda uzwi ku izina ry’ishyamba ry’amashyamba, kuri ubu ucunga amashyamba ya Gishwati (GFR). [[Dosiye:Gishwati Natural Forest 01.jpg|thumb|Gishwati ]] Kuva yabyitaho habayeho kwiyongera kwa 67 ijana by'ubunini bw'ishyamba rya Gishwati. ndetse ni ingagi zariyongereye kandi ibikorwa byinshi byubushakashatsi no kubungabunga ibidukikije byakoreshejwe muriyo gahunda yo kubungabunga ishyamba rya Gishwati yatangiriye ku cyizere cy'uko mu nzira guverinoma y'u Rwanda izafata ako gace ikayigira parike y'igihugu. Bimwe mubikorwa bya leta no gutangaza amakuru byerekana ko GFR izamurwa muri parike yigihugu mugihe cya vuba. ishyamba rya gishwati 1986 kugeza muwa 2001{{Clear}} == Ibinyabuzima bitandukanye == Kubera gutema amashyamba ya Gishwati, gutakaza cyane ibinyabuzima byatumye. Fauna yonyine yagabanutseho 99.7%. Ibimera bigira uruhare runini mubuzima bwabaturage kavukire nabyo byagabanutse cyane. Imbuto zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 93.3%, [[imboga]] zo mu gasozi zagabanutseho 99,6%, naho imiti yo mu gasozi ikoreshwa n’abaturage kavukire yagabanutseho<ref>http://197.243.22.137/rutsiro/index.php?id=38&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=12&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=1bfce74ad5c61f2ed2ec512c042011ac</ref> 79.9%. [[File:A busy Male Baboon taking care of his female at Uwinka in Nyungwe National Park 01.jpg|thumb|A busy Male Baboon taking care of his female at Uwinka in Nyungwe National Park 01]] Ubwoko butandukanye bwibinyabuzima bushobora kuboneka mubigega. Haboneka amoko ane ya primates, [[Impundu|Chimpanzee]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/restored-gishwati-mukura-park-open-for-chimpanzee-trekking/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204430/https://taarifa.rw/restored-gishwati-mukura-park-open-for-chimpanzee-trekking/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Impundu|y'Iburasirazuba]] , inkende , [[Inkima|inkende y'ubururu]], [[Icyondi|n'inguge ya L'Hoest]] (izwi kandi mu nguge zo ku misozi). Nubwo atari guhera 2002, ubwoko bwa gatanu bwibinyabuzima, colobus yumukara numweru byavuzwe ko yabonetse. Muri iki gihe habarurwa amashyamba 20 yo muri [[Imiterere ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'ibidukikije byaho|Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ubu ni ubwiyongere bwa 54% mubunini bwabaturage kuva kuri chimps 13 muri 2008, igihe GACP yatangiraga. Harimo impinja eshanu. Fauna Ibindi basanga ni amoko 84 ya inyoni, harimo Woodhoopoes ( Phoeniculidae ), White-headed Woodhoopoe ( Phoeniculus bollei ), Old World Warblers ( Sylviidae ), na Mountain Yellow Warbler ( Iduna similis ). Igikeri cyamashyamba yijimye hamwe nubwoko bwinshi bwamasaro ni bumwe mubuzima bwa amphibian buboneka mwishyamba. Ku bijyanye n’ibikururuka, inzoka nini zo mu biyaga binini n’amoko menshi ya chameleone nayo iboneka mu ishyamba rya Gishwati. == Kubungabunga == Itsinda rito ryitaruye rya chimpanzees yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba rituye mu ishyamba rya Gishwati, ahantu hashobora kuba urutonde runini mini kuburyo bushya bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 2008 abaturage bari baragabanutse kugera ku banyamuryango cumi na batatu kandi bari hafi guhura n'ibiza . Hagati ya 2008 na 2011 abaturage biyongereyeho mirongo ine na batandatu ku ijana bagera ku banyamuryango cumi n'icyenda ku bw'imbaraga za guverinoma y'u Rwanda na gahunda yo kubungabunga akarere ka Gishwati . Imbaraga nkizashyizweho kugirango zifashe inguge nini za Gishwati zirashobora kugira uruhare runini mu gufasha inguge nini kwisi. Ishyamba rya Gishwati nubuzima bwibihumbi magana byabanyarwanda batuye hafi ya Gishwati. Ishyamba rifasha kubungabunga uburumbuke bwubutaka kandi bikarinda kwangirika. Mu bihe biri imbere irashobora guha ubukungu bwu Rwanda inyungu ziva mu bidukikije binyuze mu binyabuzima biboneka muri ako karere. === Tera ibiti 2020 === Muri 2011, Plant-It 2020<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://onetreeplanted.org/products/rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-22 |archive-date=2021-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204216/https://onetreeplanted.org/products/rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> yatanze inkunga muri Gahunda yo Kubungabunga Agace ka Gishwati ya Great Ape Trust yo gutera ibiti 1.000 kavukire mu ishyamba ry’igihugu cya Gishwati no mu burengerazuba bw’u [[Rwanda]] . Ibimera-It 2020 ni umuryango mpuzamahanga udaharanira inyungu wo gutera amashyamba washinzwe na nyakwigendera umuririmbyi John Denver . === Ishyamba rya Gishwati na koridoro ya Nyungwe === Umuhanda wa hegitari 10,000 wibiti byatewe birashobora umunsi umwe guhuza ishyamba rya Gishwati na parike yigihugu ya Nyungwe, nko mu bilometero mirongo itatu ugana mu [[File:Ikiraro cyo muri parike Nyungwe.jpg|thumb|Ikiraro cyo muri parike Nyungwe]]majyepfo<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/pariki/Menya-pariki-y-igihugu-ya-Nyungwe</ref>. Ihuriro rizemerera inyamanswa kwimuka hagati y’ahantu harinzwe kandi ikishingira gene ya alleles hagati yabaturage bombi ba chimpanzees. Uyu mushinga wahawe inkunga na leta na Minisiteri y’ubutaka n’ibidukikije mu Rwanda kubera ko [[igiti]] gishya cy’amashyamba kizateza imbere gufata amazi no kweza amazi, gukumira isuri, kuzuza uburumbuke bw’ubutaka, no gushyigikira ibidukikije<ref>https://rushyashya.net/rubavu-ikibazo-cyabimuwe-mu-ishyamba-rya-gishwati-cyongeye-gukurura-impaka-imbere-ya-perezida-kagame/</ref> . == Imibereho yabaturiye ishyamba rya Gishwati == mumyaka yo hambere abaturage bigeze kwibasira iri [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura|shyamba rya gishwati]] bararitema hafi yo kurimaraho bikorera ibikorwa bwite byo mubuzima bwabo bwa burimunsi kuburyo haje no kuvuka ikibazo gikomeye kubera gutema ibiti bigize iryo shyamba kuko bimwe mubinyabuzima byari bituye mu [[Pariki y'ishyamba rya Gishwati-Mukura|ishyamba rya Gishwati]] zatangiye guhunga.kugera iubu irishyamba nryaje ikwitabwaho abaturage bashishikarizwa guteramo ibiti byinshi bishoboka kugirango ryongere risubire kumurongo kuburyo ryaje kugirwa na pariki [[Dosiye:Chèvres dans les collines de Gishwati.JPG|thumb|Ifamu ya Gishwati]] nigihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] ubu akaba ari rimwe mu mashyamba afitiye abarituriye umumaro ndetse nigihugu cyu [[Rwanda]] muri rusange == Reba Imiyoboro ==   [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero]] [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyabihu]] c9ujth5bt31il4ldlgvpxfwzih435vr 0 8903 140494 135129 2026-09-30T09:26:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140494 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Jumping comptition at amahoro stadium in kigali, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|imikino ibera muri stade amahoro]] [[Dosiye:Amahoro Stadium 2003 b.png|thumb|stade amahoro]] <ref name=":0">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cYxIcfLEkc</ref>'''Stade Amahoro''' , izwi ku izina rya '''Sitade y'igihugu y' Amahoro''', ni stade ifite intego nyinshi mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere]] ka [[Kigali|Gasabo i Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira ibihubi 25.000, niyo stade nini mu Rwanda kandi yakira imikino y'umupira w'amaguru, ibitaramo, nibikorwa rusange. amatsinda y'amakipi y'umupira w'amaguru Armée Patriotique Rwandaise APR FC na [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports FC]] niyo akodesha muri iyi stade. Ikibuga nacyo gikoreshwa rimwe na rimwe muri rugubi. [[Dosiye:Amahoro Stadium Kigali.jpg|thumb|Ifoto ya stade amahoro]] Mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994, yari "ubuhungiro bw'agateganyo Umuryango w’abibumbye warindiyemo impunzi [[Abatutsi|z'abatutsi zigera ku 12.0]] == Aho iherereye == Iherereye I Remera mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] mu murenge wa Remera mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], iri mu birometero 10 uvuye mu mugi rwagati. == Amateka == Stade yubatswe na sosiyete yitwa china civil engeneering construction corporation, ku giciro cya miliyoni 21 zamadorari. Kubaka byatangiye muri Werurwe 1984, birangira muri Mutarama 1989. [[Dosiye:Amahoro Stadium 2003 c.png|thumb|Ifoto ya sitade amahoro muri 2003]] Mu 1990, Intambara yaradutse hagati yabanyagihugu babaga mu [[Rwanda]] no hanze yarwo yaratangiye hagati [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|y'u Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR), n'ingabo za perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenal Habyarimana]]. Intambara yarangiye mu 1993 habaho ibiganiro ndetse no gushyira umukono ku masezerano ya Arusha, yahaye imyanya FPR muri guverinoma y’inzibacyuho yagutse (BBTG) n’ingabo z’[[igihugu]], ikanateganya ingabo z’umuryango w’abibumbye zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro. Izi ngabo zizwi ku izina ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe gufasha u Rwanda (MINUAR), kandi zari ziyobowe na jenerali w’umunyakanada Roméo Dallaire . ikicaro gikuru cya MINUAR yari mu Hotel des Mille Collines, ariko hoteli ntabwo yemeraga kwakira abasirikare, maze Dallaire ashaka ahandi ho gukorera; nyuma y'iminsi mike yo gushakisha, MINUAR yahisemo Stade Amahoro, yari nini bihagije kuburyo yakira batayo yose y'abasirikare. Ikicaro gikuru cyafunguwe kuwa 17 Ugushyingo 1993, n' ibirori ku mugaragaro byitabiriwe Dallaire na Perezida Habyarimana.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ubuhamya-bwa-perezida-kagame-ku-mpamvu-fpr-yagabye-ibitero-amasezerano-ya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-11 |archive-date=2021-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611075635/https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/ubuhamya-bwa-perezida-kagame-ku-mpamvu-fpr-yagabye-ibitero-amasezerano-ya |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Flag of Rwanda.svg|thumb|rwanda]] Guhagarara kw'imirwano byabaye mu buryo butunguranye ku ya 6 Mata 1994 ubwo indege ya Habyarimana yaraswaga akicwa; ubwo bwicanyi [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|bwabaye]] umusemburo wa jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]], yatangiye mu masaha make akurikira iraswa ryiyo ndege. Guverinoma y'agateganyo yatangiye kwica Abatutsi n'Abahutu bashyira mu bikorwa uwo mugambi wari warateguwe cyera, mu gihugu hose. Ab'Abatutsi batangiye guhungira mu kigo cy’umuryango w’abibumbye, impunzi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi ziteranira muri Stade Amahoro.<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20210611075428/https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1&#91;news&#93;=4073&tx_news_pi1&#91;controller&#93;=News&tx_news_pi1&#91;action&#93;=detail&cHash=5a9bac2174dc2d1a6d23978a1a6f10bb</ref> == Umushinga wo kuvugurura == Minisiteri ya [[Umukino|Siporo]] ihagarariwe na [[Aurore Mimosa Munyangaju]] yatangaje ko imirimo yo kuvugurura sitade amahoro bidahindutse izatangira mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2020 cyangwa 2021 iyi stade ikab izaba ifite ubushobozi bwo kwakira abantu barenga ibihumbi 45 bavuye kuri 25.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://imvahonshya.co.rw/imirimo-yo-kuvugurura-sitade-amahoro-izatangira-mu-kuboza-2020/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-11 |archive-date=2021-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611075135/http://imvahonshya.co.rw/imirimo-yo-kuvugurura-sitade-amahoro-izatangira-mu-kuboza-2020/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Stade Amahoro ivuguruye == Iyi ni videwo igaragaza stade amahoro ivugurure aho iyi stade ishobora kwakira abantu bagera 45,508 kanda hano urebe videwo:<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Siporo i Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Siporo]] [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Imikino]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda stadium]] ft4pchtad61bjinmux5f18klm68yfaa 0 8904 140495 133165 2026-09-30T09:26:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140495 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali City Prison.jpg|thumb|Gereza ya Gikondo]] [[Dosiye:Gikondo health center.jpg|thumb|Gikondo]] '''Gereza ya Gikondo''' cyangwa '''Gereza yo mu mujyi wa Kigali''' yahoze yitwa '''Gereza ya nyarugenge 1930.''' [[Dosiye:IYAHOZE GEREZA YA NYARUGENGE 1930 01.jpg|thumb|Gereza ya Gikondo]] iherereye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . Yubatswe mu myaka ya za 1930, yari igamije kubamo abantu bagiye bakora ibyaha bazwi cyane kw'izina ry'imfungwa nkeya cyane. Nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu Rwanda, umubare wariyongereye ugera ku 50.000 kuko umubare munini w'abagororwa bari abajenosideri. Benshi bazanywe mu nkiko za Gacaca kugira ngo baburanishwe kubera ibyaha by'intambara na jenocide ariko bakaguma muri gereza. Komite mpuzamahanga ya Croix-Rouge yagize uruhare runini mu gusuzuma aho bafungiye, imibereho yabo ndetse no muzindi gereza zo mu Rwanda, muri jenocide byarushijeho kuba bibi nubwo byagaragaye ko hari iterambere mbere y'intambara.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JH7_u44thFQ</ref> Mu Kwakira 1999, ICRC yashyikirije raporo y'ibanga abayobozi bakuru bo mu Rwanda. Nyuma y’imishyikirano, CICR yongeye kunoza itangwa ry’ibiribwa, umutungo n’imiti ku mfungwa z’abasivili, isana gereza kandi itanga ibikoresho byo kwifashisha muri gereza. == Abagororwa bazwi == Valérie Bemeriki == Reba ==   <references /> [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Ikiciro:Gereza]] 7cvtg9t1ahxplht65zy3dyidr3i8959 0 8909 140496 123070 2026-09-30T09:26:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140496 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Caraes.png|thumb|326x326px|Ibitaro by’indwara zo mu mutwe byigisha bya Ndera]] Ibitaro by’indwara zo mu mutwe byigisha bya Ndera, bizwi nka "CARAES Ndera", byatangiye kubakwa mu mwaka wa 1968 , bikaba ari ibitaro bifasha abarwayi bafite uburwayi bwo mu mutwe n'ubw'imyakura. == Amateka == <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/abarwayi-bo-mu-mutwe-muri-caraes-ndera-ngo-bishwe-n-aba-para-commando-b-i-kanombe</ref>Ibitaro bya Ndera ni bitaro byashinzwe mu mwaka w’1968 n'Umuryango w'Abafurere b'Abashariti, nyuma y'icyifuzo cya Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] na Kiliziya Gatolika cyo kurekura abarwayi bo mu mutwe bava mu magereza y'igihugu. Abarwayi ba mbere bakiriwe mu bitaro mu 1972. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe kwari uguteza imbere serivisi zita ku buzima bwo mu mutwe zishingiye ku mibereho n’umuco mu [[Rwanda]]. Mu mwaka wa 1994 Muri ibi bitaro haguye inzirakarengane nyinshi zazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|genocide yakorewe abatutsi]] Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ibitaro bya Caraes Ndera, Furere Nkubili Charles avuga ko mu 1994 ku itariki 17 Mata<ref>https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/219259</ref>, ari bwo abasirikare n’[[interahamwe]] bagabye ibitero bakica abantu bose batagiriye imbabazi abarwayi bo mu mutwe<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/abarwayi-bo-mu-mutwe-muri-caraes-ndera-ngo-bishwe-n-aba-para-commando-b-i-kanombe</ref>. Mu mwaka wa 2022, ibi bitaro byashyizwe ku rwego rw'ibitaro byigisha (teaching hospital), bikazatuma bitanga servisi zisumbuye ndetse bikagira n'uruhare mu kwigisha abanyeshuri no gukora ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n'uburwayi bwo mu mutwe n'imyakura.[https://www.minijust.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=51417&token=045e3b9979913b0be2b314f418918f9c54601890] == Aho biherereye == [[Dosiye:GasaboDist.png|thumb|Ibitaro bya Ndera biherereye mu karere ka Gasabo]] [[Dosiye:Hospital room ubt.jpeg|thumb|Ibitaro]] Ibi bitaro biherereye mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], [[Umurenge wa Ndera]]. == Uko bikora == Abatanga ubuvuzi bwo mu mutwe bafite uruhare runini cyane mu gukumira, gusuzuma, kuvura no gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe abarwayi bo mu Bitaro bya Ndera n'amashami yayo ya CARAES [[Butare]] Psychiatric Centre na Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre.<ref>https://hi-in.facebook.com/igihe/posts/10159232740167114</ref> * Kwita ku barwayi bo mu mutwe n'imyakura boherejwe n'ibindi bigo nderabuzima n'ibitaro. * Kwemeza ubugenzuzi bwa tekiniki mu buzima bwo mu mutwe mu bitaro by'uturere ku bufatanye na Minisiteri y'Ubuzima. * Guhugura inzobere mu buzima mu buzima bwo mu mutwe * Kwigisha abanyeshuri b'imbere n'inzobere mu buzima ku bijyanye n'ubuzima bwo mu mutwe. * ubuyobozi bw'ibi bitaro bwemeje ko bikeneye kuvugururwa kuko bitakijyanye n'igihe tugezemo kuko byashinzwe mu mwaka wa 1968 kandi bikaba byarongerewe inshingano. * Ibi bitaro kandi bitangaza ko imibare y'abarwayi byakira igenda yiyongera umunsi ku wundi, dore ko mu mwaka wa 2024 abarwayi byakirye biyongereyeho 26% ugereranyije n'umubare byakiriye muri 2023. *'''Indwara zo mu mutwe ziboneka mu Rwanda'''<ref>https://igihe.com/ubuzima/article/abivuriza-muri-caraes-ndera-barenze-ibihumbi-100</ref> {| class="wikitable" |+ !Indwara !ijanisha |- |Agahinda gakabije |11.9% |- |Ubwoba bukabije |8.1% |- |Ihungabana (PTSD) |3.6% |- |Uburwayi bukomeye |1.3% |- |Imyitwarire ibangamiye abandi |0.8% |- |kwiyahura cg kubyiyumvamo |0.5% |- |Bipolar Desorder |0.1% |} * == Ubutumwa bw'ibitaro == Gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bufite ubuhanga n’ubwitange ku barwayi bo mu mutwe n’ubuvuzi bw’imitsi n'imyakura baturuka mu gihugu hose, no kwiyemeza kwigisha abahanga mu buzima bwo mu mutwe<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://caraesnderahospital.rw/mission.php |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-11 |archive-date=2021-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611113753/https://caraesnderahospital.rw/mission.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Icyerekezo cy'ibitaro == Gutanga ubuvuzi bwiza bwuzuye ku barwayi bose boherejwe; guhinduka ibitaro by'icyitegererezo byohererezwa abarwayi bo mu karere ka Afurika yo Hagati n'Iburasirazuba. == Reba == # https://web.archive.org/web/20210611113753/https://caraesnderahospital.rw/mission.php #https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/abarwayi-bo-mu-mutwe-muri-caraes-ndera-ngo-bishwe-n-aba-para-commando-b-i-kanombe #https://brothersofcharity.org/50-years-caraes-ndera/?lang=en #https://web.archive.org/web/20210611113753/https://caraesnderahospital.rw/mission.php #https://hi-in.facebook.com/igihe/posts/10159232740167114 <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ibitaro mu Rwanda]] 4cqg8elchudv742g4xvurn5hecoq6c1 0 8914 140497 122230 2026-09-30T09:26:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140497 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Isumo rya Rusumo''' ni isumo riherereye ku ruzi rwa Kagera ku mupaka uhuza [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Tanzaniya]], igice cy’amasoko ya kure cyane y’umugezi wa [[Nili]] . Iri sumo rifite uburebure bwa metero cumi neshanu (15 m) n' ubugali bwa metero mirongo ine 40 m (130 bukaba bwarakozwe kuri Precambrian schist na quartz - phyllite . Nubwo isumo ubwaryo ridafite uburebure bugaragara ugereranije n’andi masumo, ry [[Dosiye:RusumoFalls2.jpg|thumb|Isumo rya Rusumo|332x332px]] agize uruhare runini mu mateka y’u [[Rwanda]] kuko rwagize aho rahurira n’uruzi rwonyine muri ako [[Akarere ka Kirehe|karere ka Kirehe]], ku Rusumo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Archive copy |url=https://www.kirehe.gov.rw/index.php?id=95 |accessdate=2021-06-23 |archive-date=2020-07-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720010821/https://kirehe.gov.rw/index.php?id=95 |deadurl=yes }}</ref> [[Dosiye:RusumoRoadSign.JPG|thumb|Rusumo Road Sign]] == Aho Riherereye == Iri sumo rya Rusumo riri hagati y'Urwanda na Tanzania rwakomeje kwifashishwa mugutanga amashanyarazi ,[[NLSAP]] niwo mushinga ukomeje gukurikirana ibikorwa remezo byo kubaka urwo rugomero . == Mu mateka == Aha niho Abanyaburayi bageze bwa mbere mu Rwanda mu 1894, ubwo [[Ubudage|Abadage]] Gustav Adolf von Götzen wahuraga aturutse Tanzaniya (u Rwanda rwafatwaga nk'igice cya Afurika y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubudage kuva mu 1885 ariko nta Mudage wari winjiye mu gihugu). Yakomereje aho, yerekeza ku ngoro y'u [[Urutonde rw'Abami bayoboye u Rwanda|Mwami]] i Nyanza, akomeza yerekeza ku nkombe z'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]] . [[Dosiye:RusumoFalls1.jpg|right|thumb|225x225px| Twegereye isumo.]] [[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]] na bo binjiye mu Rwanda banyuze kuriri sumo, igihe bigaruriraga [[igihugu]] mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose mu mwaka w'1916. Ikiraro cya Rusumo nicyo cyonyine cyashoboraga kwambuka uruzi icyo gihe, kandi Abadage bari bari baratuye kuruhande rwu Rwanda. Mu gufata imyanya mu misozi ikikije, Ababiligi bashoboye kuvana abo barinzi bakoresheje imbunda ndende zakinguye inzira banyuzemo bafata ahari hasigaye hose mu gihugu. Iri sumo ryamamaye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, kubera ko imibiri ibihumbi yatembaga munsi y’ikiraro cya Rusumo mu ariko nanone impunzi zambukiranya icyarimwe, zihungira muri Tanzaniya kugira ngo zihunge ubwo bwicanyi. Iki ni kimwe mu bibabazo byambere byasohotse mu kibazo cy’impunzi zo mu biyaga bigari. Akagera gatwara amazi mu turere twose two mu Rwanda usibye iburengerazuba bwa kure, bityo gatwara imirambo yose yari yajugunywe mu nzuzi mu gihugu hose. Ibi byatumye hamenyekana ko ibintu byihutirwa byatangajwe mu turere dukikije inkombe z'ikiyaga cya Victoria muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], aho imirambo yaje gukarabywa. == Urugomero rw'amashanyarazi == Muri 2013, [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Itsinda rya Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] ryemeje inkunga y’umushinga w’amashanyarazi<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Kirehe-Rusumo-igiye-kubyazwa-amashanyarazi-angana-na-megawatts-83</ref> wo mu karere ka Kirehe ku Rusumo bakoresheje iri sumo ndetse no kubona amashanyarazi muri Tanzaniya, u Rwanda n’[[Uburundi]]. Umushinga ufite ibice bibiri: urugomero rwamashanyarazi rwa MW 80 n'imiyoboro yohereza amashanyarazi. Banki niyo itera inkunga n'ibikoresho byo korohereza umushinga w'amashanyarazi wa Rusumo. <ref>http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-board-commits-us-113-million-to-regional-rusumo-falls-hydropower-project-12610/</ref> == Reba == #  Philip Briggs & Janice Booth (2001) Rwanda: The Bradt Travel Guide p197. Bradt Travel Guides Ltd. and The Globe Pequot Press Inc # <nowiki>http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/afdb-board-commits-us-113-million-to-regional-rusumo-falls-hydropower-project-12610/</nowiki> 2hwv4t7isf96y58d2gmb3splsdkaxc0 0 8917 140424 135916 2026-09-30T09:12:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140424 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ntrama Church Altar.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya ya Ntarama yahinduwe u rwibutso]] [[Dosiye:Ntarama Church Genocide Memorial - Flickr - Dave Proffer (6).jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] [[Dosiye:Ntarama Church Genocide Memorial - Flickr - Dave Proffer (4).jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] [[Dosiye:Nyamata Genocide Memorial Church (463763161).jpg|thumb|Urwibutso]] '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama''' ni rumwe mu nzibutso ndangamurage esheshatu zibitse amateka ya jenoside mu [[Rwanda]] . Abantu barenga 5.000 biciwe hano mu cyahoze ari i [[Kiliziya Gatolika|kiliziya gatolika]] ya Ntarama. == Aho Ruherereye == Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Karere ka Bugesera]] . Ni urugendo rw'isaha imwe mu majyepfo ya [[Kigali]], [[Umurwa|umurwa mukuru]] w'igihugu n'umujyi munini mu gihugu. <ref name="al">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180801033551/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2012/07/20127113823416137.html Remembering Rwanda's genocide], Catherine Wambua, 1 July 2012, Al Jazeera, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> [[Dosiye:Exterior of Ntarama Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda - 02.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] [[Dosiye:Ntrama Church - Remains and clothing.jpg|thumb|urwibutso rwa Ntarama]] Zaza na Sake biri mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba gusa na [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Kibungo]] naho [[Nyamata]] niyo unyuramo ujya i Ntarama. Ikibuga cy'indege cya [[Umurenge wa Nemba|Nemba]] i Bugesera kiri hafi aho. <ref>[http://www.latlongwiki.com/?l=-2.1097&g=30.3744&title=Ntarama,%20Rwanda Ntarama], LatLongWiki, Retrieved 2 March 2016</ref> == Incamake == [[Dosiye:Ntarama_Church_Genocide_Memorial_-_Flickr_-_Dave_Proffer_(9).jpg|thumb| Ibimenyetso byabapfiriye hano]] Iyahoze ari kiliziya Gatolika ya Ntarama ubu ni urwibutso. Abantu barenga 5.000 biciweyo hano ku ya 15 Mata 1994 mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]] 1994. <ref name="al"/> Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zikomeye mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bibukiraho kandi rugasigasira amateka ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda. Ahandi ni Urwibutso rwa Murambi, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'ahandi harimo i [[Nyamata]], Bisesero na Nyarubuye. <ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi], UNESCO, Retrieved 2 March 2015</ref> == Reba ==   * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside bwo mu Rwanda] *[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] *[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata]] == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Urwibutso]] {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] l7udadhcqw9tljaeejn8xr85rg8t9gl 0 8944 140498 134170 2026-09-30T09:26:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140498 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Pushing up the hill.jpg|thumb|Pushing up the hill]] Umusozi wa Rebero ni umusozi umwe mu misozi iri mumujyi wa [[Kigali]] kandi ubitse byinshi mu amateka yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ni umusozi uherereye mu Karere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|kicukiro]] kandi ukikijwe ni [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|imirenge]] itandukanye nka [[Umurenge wa Kigali|Gikondo]], [[Nyamirambo]] [[Umurenge wa Mageragere|Mageragere]] n'iyindi. Uyu musozi ufite ubwiza nyaburanga butandukanye harimo [[amashyamba]] ubusitani n'ibindi byiza byinshi bibereye ijisho <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/ibyiza-nyaburanga/item/430-ibintu-byo-gusura-ku-musozi-wa-rebero |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-25 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625054410/http://www.igicumbi.com/index.php/ubukerarugendo-mu-rwanda/ibyiza-nyaburanga/item/430-ibintu-byo-gusura-ku-musozi-wa-rebero |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubukungu == [[Umurenge wa Rwezamenyo|Umusozi wa Rebero]] ni umusozi ukurura ba mukerarugendo kubera ibyiza nyaburanga biwugize. cyane ko ariwo musozi uriho iminara myinshi yifashishwa mwisakaza majwi ndetse n'amashusho<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4m4yBwH--JM</ref> == Amateka == umusozi wa Rebero kandi niho Inkotanyi zanyuze mugufata umujyi wa [[Kigali]] murugamba [[Dosiye:Kigali.jpg|center|thumb|480x480px|rebero view]] rwo guhagarika [[Genocide mu Rwanda|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi muwi 1994<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-yihariye-y-uburyo-inkotanyi-zafashe-rebero-mu-1994-bigasaza-u-bufaransa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-06-25 |archive-date=2021-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210625054413/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/amateka-yihariye-y-uburyo-inkotanyi-zafashe-rebero-mu-1994-bigasaza-u-bufaransa |url-status=dead }}</ref> ku itariki 11 mata == Ubuzima == umusozi wa Rebero ni umusozi mwiza ugizwe n'ishyamba n'ubusitani bwiza cyane ko ari numusozi ukorerwaho imyitozo ngorora mubiri<ref>https://web.facebook.com/permalink.php?id=604005269751818&story_fbid=1011085559043785&_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> nabatari bake == Ibigize umusozi wa Rebero == Umusozi wa Rebero ugizwe nibyiza nyaburanga byinshi harimo inzu ndangamurage iminara, ubusitani, amashuri, ndetse nurwibutso rwa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenocide]] yakorewe abatutsi<ref>https://www.kicukiro.gov.rw/akarere/menya-akarere</ref> == Baza hano == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Imisozi y’u Rwanda]] ntqpwzuyafrit907xnr8v0axae4z5fz 0 8947 140499 121756 2026-09-30T09:28:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140499 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Spruce forest at Holma.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba]] Ishyamba rya Arboretum I Ruhande ni Ishyamba rizwi cyane mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]], rikaba rikikije [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza y’u Rwanda]] Ishami rya Huye. Iri shyamya ryatewe mu 1934 ku gasozi ka Ruhande, rikaba rifatwa nk’urwibutso rukomeye rw’Ingoma y’Abakoloni mu gace ka Rwanda-Urundi.<ref>Rwanda Selects Ruhande Arboretum for Queen Elizabeth Canopy, <nowiki>https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/02/rwanda-selects-ruhande-arboretum-for-queen-elizabeth-canopy/</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 25 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|left|thumb|Ishyamba rya arboretum rikikije kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami rya Huye]] [[Dosiye:Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ishyamba rya Arboretum ry'i Ruhande mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:HuyeDist.png|center|thumb|Akarere ka huye ishyamba rya arboretum riherereyemo]] ==Amateka== Amateka avuga ko mu mwaka w’1934 ari bwo ishyamba rya Arboretum ry’I Ruhande ryatewe n’abafurere bo mu muryango w’abashariti “Abafurere b’Urukundo” (soma “les frères de la Charité” mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa cyangwa “Brothers of Charity mu rurimi rw’[[Icyongereza]]) mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ubuhinzi bw’amashyamba mu [[Rwanda]]. Gusa hari abandi bavuga ko iri shyamba ryatewe mbere gato ahagana mu 1933.<ref>L'avis du Petit Futé sur ARBORETUM DE RUHANDE, <nowiki>https://www.petitfute.com/v45359-butare-huye/c1173-visites-points-d-interet/c971-parc-jardin/154880-arboretum-de-ruhande.html</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda, <nowiki>http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e11.htm</nowiki> , Byarewe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref>[[File:ArboretumForest ,200 hectares forest planted located in Uni Rwanda HuyeDistrict RwandaSouth Started by the Belgians in 1934.png|thumb|ArboretumForest ,200 hectares forest planted located in Uni Rwanda HuyeDistrict RwandaSouth Started by the Belgians in 1934]] Mu mwaka wa 2018, Guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] yemeje ko iri ishyamba rya Arboretum rishyirwa mu mushinga w’Umwamikazi w’u [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] n’ibihugu bikoresha ururimi ry’Icyongereza ugamije kubungabunga amashyamba hirya no hino ku isi (Queen’s Commonwealth Canopy Projet) nk’uko byemejwe n’ Inama y’abaminisitiri yo ku wa 14 Gashyantare muri uwo mwaka wa 2018.<ref>Arboretum of Ruhande, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://queenscommonwealthcanopy.org/projects/arboretum-of-ruhande/</nowiki>, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Arboretum ya Kaminuza yashyizwe mu mushinga wa Commonwealth ugamije kubungabunga amashyamba, <nowiki>http://www.igihe.com/ibidukikije/ibungabunga/article/arboretum-ya-kaminuza-yashyizwe-mu-mushinga-wa-commonwealth-ugamije</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 24 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Ishyamba rya Arboretum, <nowiki>http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-26-february-2018</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 20 Kamena 2021</ref> Ubu,mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwita uko bikwiye kuri iri shyamba rya Arboretum, riri mu nshingano z’Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi mu [[Rwanda]] (RAB) dore ko ari hamwe mu hafite umwihariko wo gukorerwa ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’amashyamba. Mbere y’uko iri shyamba rigirwa ahantu hakomye (protected area mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza), buri wese yabaga yemerewe kurijyamo nta nkomyi (Open access resources mu rurimi rw’Icyongereza). Minisiteri ifite ibidukikije mu nshingano, na yo yahawe Arboretum ngo iyicunge.<ref>Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda, <nowiki>http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e11.htm</nowiki> , Byarewe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Menya byinshi kuri Arboretum ishyamba rikikije UR-Huye rimaze imyaka 86, <nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97743/menya-byinshi-kuri-arboretum-ishyamba-rikikije-ur-huye-rimaze-imyaka-86-97743.html</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 23 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Arboretum Rwanda 2.jpg|thumb]] ==Amerekezo n’ingano== Ishyamba rya Arboretum riherereye mu [[Rwanda]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y’Amajyepfo]], mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], mu Murenge wa Ngoma, mu Kagari ka [[Butare]], mu Mudugudu wa Mamba; rikaba riteye ku gasozi ka Ruhande. Rikikije Icyahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (ubu ni [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|Kaminuza y’u Rwanda “UR”]] Ishami rya Huye).<ref>Arboretum de Ruhande, Rwanda – Butare, Garden information  <nowiki>https://tools.bgci.org/garden.php?id=1461?id=1461</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 20 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Arboretum de Ruhande, <nowiki>https://www.africabizinfo.com/RW/arboretum-de-ruhande</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Arboretum de Ruhande, Southern, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://vymaps.com/RW/Arboretum-de-Ruhande-2997120/</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2021</ref> Iri shyamba ringana na hegitari maganabiri (200 ha) riri ku butumburuke bwa metero zigera ku gihumbi na magana arindwi (1,700 m).<ref>Arboretum de Ruhande de Butare, <nowiki>http://rw.near-place.com/arboretum-de-ruhande-butare/fr</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021</ref>  <ref>Ruhande Arboretum, Rwanda, <nowiki>http://www.fao.org/3/Y4853E/y4853e11.htm</nowiki> , Byarewe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Arboretum Rwanda 3.jpg|thumb]] ==Ibigize iri shyamba== Arboretum y’I Ruhande igizwe n’ibiti 320,000 aho 454 bifite aho inyamaswa ziba. Usibye ibiti by’ingeri zitandukanye, ishyamba rya Arboretuma rizwiho kuba ririmo [[inyamaswa]] z’ubwoko bunyuranye nk’inzoka, [[Inkima|inkende]], imparage, [[Inyoni zo mu Rwanda|inyoni]], ingugunnyi n’utundi dukoko twinshi.<ref>Arboretum of Ruhande, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://queenscommonwealthcanopy.org/projects/arboretum-of-ruhande/</nowiki>, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref><ref>Menya byinshi kuri Arboretum ishyamba rikikije UR-Huye rimaze imyaka 86, <nowiki>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/97743/menya-byinshi-kuri-arboretum-ishyamba-rikikije-ur-huye-rimaze-imyaka-86-97743.html</nowiki>, Byarebwe ku wa 23 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Monkey in Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda.png|thumb|Mu ishyamba rya Arboretum ry'i Ruhande uhasanga amoko menshi y'inyamaswa nk'inkende]] ==Akamaro== Iri shyamba rifitiye akamaro gakomeye abarituriye kuko rizana umwuka mwiza, bamwe baritashyamo inkwi zo gutekesha. Mu rwego rw’uburezi, iri shyamba rikorerwamo ubushakashatsi butandukanye mu bijyanye n’amashyamba dore ko muri pepiniyeri y’aho ari ho higirwa ibijyanye n’amashyamba yose cyangwa ibiti biba bigomba guterwa hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Iri shyamba kandi rifasha abanyeshuri kwiga neza cyane cyane abifuza kwigira ahantu hatuje. Mu myidagaduro, iri shyamba rifasha abantu gukora [[Umukino|siporo]] cyane cyane iyo kwiruka. Nta wakwirengagiza kandi uruhare iri shyamba rifitiye urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima kuko ari icumbi rikomeye ry’inyamaswa zitandukanye. Muri Arboretum kandi ni ahantu hari amahumbezi ku buryo hafasha abifuza kuhatemberera mu rwego rw’ubukerarugendo no kwinezeza.<ref>Arboretum of Ruhande, Rwanda, <nowiki>https://queenscommonwealthcanopy.org/projects/arboretum-of-ruhande/</nowiki>, byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021</ref> [[Dosiye:Arboretum Rwanda 4.jpg|thumb|Muri Arboretum y'i Ruhande, ni mu ishyamba rishobora kwifashishwa no mu bukerarugendo ]] ==Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994== Mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] mu [[Rwanda]], ku wa 21 Mata mu ishyamba rya Arboretum kimwe no muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda]] habereye [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] y'indengakamere. Icyo gihe,  [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] yari izengurutswe na bariyeri zikomeye: Imwe yari ahitwa kwa Sebukangaga ku irembo rinini, indi yari ku Mukoni. [[Abatutsi]] benshi biciwe muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]], mu ishyamba rya Arborethum no ku mabariyeri yavuzwe haruguru. Hiciwe bamwe mu banyeshuri, abarimu bahigishaga, abakozi ba [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza]] b’[[abatutsi]] n’abandi [[Abatutsi|batutsi]] bahahungiye. Hakozwe umukwabu wihariye wo guhiga [[Abatutsi]] bihishe mu ishyamba rya Arborethum aho bakoze umurongo bagenda ikirenge ku kindi ari benshi cyane bararirangiza abihishemo barabavumbura barabica.<ref>TARIKI YA 21 MATA 1994: UKO JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI YAKOZWE HIRYA NO HINO MU GIHUGU, 21/04/2020, <nowiki>https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1</nowiki>[news]=4129&tx_news_pi1[controller]=News&tx_news_pi1[action]=detail&cHash=2ee91fbe24e248bdd2ad1473d7ce80d3, Byarebwe ku wa 25 Kamena 2021</ref> ==Isoko y’ibiri muri iyi nyandiko== [[Category:Rwanda]] <references /> ==Reba kandi== * Inventaire des espèces forestières de l'arboretum de Ruhande, Butare/Rwanda au 30 septembre 1984, https://books.google.rw/books/about/Inventaire_des_esp%C3%A8ces_foresti%C3%A8res_de.html?id=JHskcgAACAAJ&redir_esc=y, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * Carbon stock and fluxes in Nyungwe forest and Ruhande Arboretum in Rwanda, Donat Nsabimana, DEPARTMENT OF PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES FACULTY OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG 2009, DOCTORAL THESIS, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/16325781.pdf, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * Seasonal variation of litter arthropods in some Eucalyptus plantations at the Arboretum of Ruhande in Rwanda, Donat Nsabimana, https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/JBAH/article/view/6744, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * MAPPING OF DISTRIBUTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES IN RUHANDE ARBORETUM, The 5thICEED, KIGALI-RWANDA-UNILAK AUGUST, 2018 EAJST SpecialVol.8 Issue2, 2018 by JD TUYIZERE et al P15-27, https://www.unilak.ac.rw/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/PAPER-JD-TUYIZEREP15-27.pdf, Byarebwe ku wa 30 Kamena 2021 * [The Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. at the arboretum of Ruhande Butare/Rwanda]. [French]  [1985], https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181213/https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=RW19900099009, Byarebwe ku wa 29 Kamena 2021 * Mbakumbuze Ikidoge, Igikonari, Arboretum, Viet, Audi, kwa Gicumba no ku Ijuru rya Kamonyi, https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mbakumbuze-ikidoge-igikonari-arboretum-viet-audi-kwa-gicumba-no-ku-ijuru-rya-kamonyi, Byarebwe ku wa 28 Kamena 2021 * Ishyamba rya Arboretum, https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182157/http://www.fonerwa.org/blog/green-rwanda-media-review-26-february-2018, Byarebwe ku wa 20 Kamena 2021 4mhh8bku8jztpcj1axqrzq4uzscymgr 0 8951 140500 132948 2026-09-30T09:28:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140500 wikitext text/x-wiki Inzu ndangamurage m'u [[Rwanda]][[Dosiye:Rwanda Nyanza Mwami Palace.jpg|thumb|257x257px|Ingoro y'umwami]] [[Dosiye:Omweso players in kigali rwanda.jpg|thumb|Ndangamurage]] Inzu '''Ndangamurage ya Rukari''', izwi kandi ku ngoro ndangamurage y’amateka ya kera y'u Rwanda, ni inzu ndangamurage yo mu [[Rwanda]] iherereye mu mujyi wa Nyanza ikaba yarashinzwe mu ngoro y'Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa|Mutara III]].<ref name=":0">https://mobile.igihe.com/ubukerarugendo/inzu-ndangamurage/article/ingoro-ndangamurage-zinjijirije-u-rwanda-miliyoni-400-frw-mu-2022</ref> Iyi nzu ndangamurage yafunguwe mu mwaka wa 2008, ikaba ari kimwe mu bice bigize Ikigo cy’ingoro ndangamurage z’u [[Rwanda]], iyi nzu ikaba iherereye mu karere ka nyanza mu magepfo y'igihugu cy'urwanda.<ref name=":0" /> Iyi ngoro iherereye muri kilometero 88 uvuye mu mugi wa [[Kigali]] ingoro y'umwami Mutara 3 Rudahigwa itanga ishusho y'imiterere y'ubutegetsi bwa cyami ndetse n'imikurirweho yabwo mu ntangiriro ya za 1960 bikozwe n'abakoroni.<ref>ibyahindutsemo </ref> iyi ngoro yaje gusubizwa isura yayo mukinyejana cya 19 hagendewe kuri kopi yayo, ikaba yarubakishijwe ibikoresho gakondo.<ref>[https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/ishami-rishinzwe-guteza-imbere-inganda-zubuhanzi-na-ndangamuco#:~:text=2.,za%201960%20bikozwe%20n'abakoroni. https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/ishami-rishinzwe-guteza-imbere-inganda-zubuhanzi-na-ndangamuco#:~:text=2.,za%201960%20bikozwe%20n'abakoroni.]</ref> == Inzu ndangamurage == [[Dosiye:NyanzaDist.png|thumb|240x240px|Aho iyi ngoro iherereye kw'ikarita y'u Rwanda, i Nyanza]] Ingoro gakondo y'Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa]] itanga incamake irambuye kuri gahunda ya cyami y'u Rwanda. Iyi ngoro yavuguruwe hamwe nibikoresho gakondo nkuko bigaragara mu kinyejana cya 19 ikaba ifite udusanduku dutatu. [[Inka]] z'umwami zifite amahembe maremare " Inyambo " zinjijwe mu nzu ndangamurage kubera ko ari kimwe mu bigize umuco w'u Rwanda kandi cyari kimwe mu bimenyetso by'icyubahiro cy'umwami.<ref name=":1">https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/120736/dore-inzu-ndangamurage-6-wasura-mu-rwanda-120736.html</ref> Hafi y’ingoro gakondo uhasanga Ingoro igezweho kuva 1931, aho Umwami Mutara yabaga kugeza apfuye mu 1959. Iyi ngoro ifite ibyumba byinshi by'imirimo itandukanye, harimo : icyumba cyo kuraramo, icyumba cyo kuriramo, akazu ko kubika ibinyobwa nibindi. Iyi ngora ihura n'indi nzu umwami yari amaze kubaka mbere gato y'urupfu rwe, ku wundi musozi.<ref name=":1" /> Ku musozi uturanye na Mwima, uhagaze ku mva aho Umwami [[Mutara III Rudahigwa|Mutara wa III]], umugore we, Umwamikazi [[Rosalie Gicanda]], [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|wazize jenoside yo mu 1994]] ndetse n'Umwami [[Kigeli IV Rwabugiri|Kigeli IV Ndahindurwa]] bashyinguwe. Ingoro ubwayo, aho inzu ndangamurage iherereye, yubatswe mu 1930-1933 ku musozi wa Rukari, itanga ishusho nziza ya Nyanza.<ref name=":0" /> [[File:Ubusitani.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani]] . == Reba kandi == {{Template:Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] i0urb8p7nc8bq74mxf6tj9tq7wafsqc 0 9202 140501 121339 2026-09-30T09:28:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140501 wikitext text/x-wiki   [[Dosiye:Carole Karemera 07729.JPG|thumb|Carole Umulinga Karemera]] [[Dosiye:Carole U. Karemera.jpg|thumb|Carole U. Karemera umuyobozi wa Ishyo Arts Center]] '''Carole Umulinga Karemera''' ni umunyarwandakazi wavutse 1975 n'umukinnyi wa filimi umubyinnyi, umucuranzi w'inanga gakondo ya saxofone ndetse akaba n'umwanditsi. Karemera yashinze ikigo k'imyidagaduro ndetse akaba akibereye n'umuyobozi Ishyo Art Center.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ishyoartscentre.org/gallery/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-27 |archive-date=2021-10-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027135425/http://www.ishyoartscentre.org/gallery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amateka == Umilinga yavutse mu 1975 i [[Buruseli]] mu [[Ububiligi|bubirigi]], n'umukobwa w’abanyarwanda bari mu buhungiro. Akiri umwana, Karemara yari umuhanga mu mibare kandi arota gufungura ubucuruzi bw'ihariye bwo gukora imigati. Karemera yize muri National Conservatory of Theatre and Dance i Buruseli. ninaho yarangirije amashuri ye ya kaminuza mu 1994, ise,yari umunyamakuru, yasubiye mu Bubiligi biturutse kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo]] yakorewe abatutsi yabereye mu Rwanda . Karemera yavumbuye u Rwanda kuri moto mu 1996. Yakinnye mu makinamico menshi, nka The Trojan Women by Euripides, Umugore w'umuzimu ya Kay Adshead, na Anathema, mbere yo gutangira umwuga we wa film. Hagati ya 2000 na 2004, yagize uruhare runini mu Rwanda muruganda rwa sinema.<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=efPSdpGDjaU</ref> == Umukinnyi wa filime == Mu 2005, Karemara yakinnye nka Jeanne muri filime ya Raoul Peck ''Rimwe na rimwe muri Mata'', ivuga kuri jenoside yabereye mu Rwanda. Muri uwo mwaka, yahisemo gutura i [[Kigali]] . Amaze kwimukira mu gihugu, Karemara yagize uruhare mu mishinga y’umuco, harimo no gukina amakinamico mu tubari no mu mihanda yo mu mijyi y’u Rwanda, kugira ngo amateka rusange akomeze amenyekane kandi asigasirwe. Afatanije na Cécilia Kankonda, yashyizeho "katedrali yumvikana" yaririmbwe mu majwi yo kwibukwa aho abitabiriye amahugurwa bashoboraga kuvuga ibyo bibuka ku Rwanda mbere ya 1994. == Ishyo Art Center == [[Dosiye:Carole Karemera 07762.JPG|thumb|Carole Karemera]] Mu 2006, Karemara n'abandi bagore barindwi bashinze ikigo cy’ubuhanzi cya Ishyo i Kigali kugira ngo bashyigikire umuco mu murwa mukuru, utari ufite ikinamico kugeza icyo gihe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ishyoartscentre.org/121/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-27 |archive-date=2020-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014190718/http://www.ishyoartscentre.org/121/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Karemera niwe muyobozi mukuru wiki kigo gifite byinshi mu guteza imbere umuco harimo ibitabo, kwiga kuyina, gukina ikinamico ndetse nibindi. Karemara yakinnye nka Beatrice muri film ya ''Juju Uruganda'' 2007. Yabonye igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza muri Festival Sinema Africano mu [[Ubutaliyani|Butaliyani]]. Yanditse ikinamico "Chez l'habitant", ivuga ku byabaye ku bagore i Buruseli, Kigali na Sevran. Karemara yabaye umunyamabanga wungirije w’urusobe rwa Arterial, ndetse n’uhagarariye umuryango wa Arterial Network mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.arterialnetwork.org/network/member/carole-karemera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-10-27 |archive-date=2020-10-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201014191103/http://www.arterialnetwork.org/network/member/carole-karemera/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakinnye mu mukino wa ''Battlefield wa'' Peter Brook mu 2016<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/269360/culture/theatre-battlefield-une-femme-sur-un-champ-de-bataille/</ref>, ashingiye kuri ''Mahabharata''<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0439157/?ref_=vp_back#actress</ref> . Muri 2018, yahawe igihembo muri Les Journées théâtrales de Carthage, yishimira ibikorwa bye mu ikinamico mu Rwanda. == Amwe mu mafirimi yakinnye == * 2005: ''Rimwe na rimwe muri Mata'' nka Jeanne * 2006: ''Amajwi'' yumucanga nka Mouna * 2007: ''Uruganda rwa Juju'' nka Béatrice * 2008: ''Umukara'' nka Pamela == ibindi wareba  == * [https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0439157/?ref_=tt_cl_t2 Carole Karemera] == Aho byakuwe == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 3oidenmwc6weyjpn9tz71jikqlgt0cu 0 9206 140502 119927 2026-09-30T09:28:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140502 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Willy Ndahiro''' ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] wavukiye i [[bujumbura]], mu [[Burundi]] iya 1, mata 1976, yamenyekanye nka Paul muri filimi [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] yakunzwe cyane <nowiki>''Ikigeragezo cy' ubuzima", Ni umuyobozi ndetse n'</nowiki>umukinnyi wa filimi [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] kuva 2006<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/filmmaker-ndahiro-unveils-new-film-production-studio</ref>.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/willy-ndahiro-agiye-gusohora-filime-igaragaramo-umuhanzi-ngarambe-francois |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111133541/http://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/willy-ndahiro-agiye-gusohora-filime-igaragaramo-umuhanzi-ngarambe-francois |url-status=dead }}</ref> Byatumye aba umuyobozi wa komite ishinze abakinnyi bamafilimi mu [[Rwanda]] mu mwaka wa 2014-2015, ubu akaba ari umuyobozi w'urugaga [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] rureberera abakora umwuga wa Cinema mu [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Film Federation). <ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/70010/umukinnyi-wa-filime-willy-ndahiro-aramaganira-kure-ibihuha-b-70010.html</ref>. Zimwe muri filimi yayoboye akanakinamo ni "Ay'urukundo"," Kanyarwanda","Anitha" na "Ikigeragezo cy'ubuzima".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genesisbizz.com/Willy-Ndahiro-yagizwe-umuyobozi-mukuru-wa-Rwanda-Film-Federation-w-agateganyo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111133542/https://genesisbizz.com/Willy-Ndahiro-yagizwe-umuyobozi-mukuru-wa-Rwanda-Film-Federation-w-agateganyo |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwa Willy muri make == [[Dosiye:BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg|thumb|Willy yavukiye mumugi wa Bujumbura i Burundi]] Willy Ndahiro yavukiye mu [[Burundi]] muri 1976, muri 1993 yaje mu [[Rwanda]] yinjira mu gisirikare cya Rwanda Patriotic Army (APR) afatanya n'abandi guhagarika [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]], nyuma yakomereje akazi mu ngabo zirinda perezida kugeza 2004.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/147647 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111133541/https://rwanda.shafaqna.com/FR/AL/147647 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/lifestyle/movie-industry-needs-more-money-1311272</ref>Willy avuye mu gisirikare yasubiye kwiga mu gihugu cy'u [[Burundi]] aho yari yaracirkirije amashuri ye arangiriza mu bijyanye n'indimi(Lettreture), muri 2006 nibwo yatangiye inzira yo gukina filimi atangirira kuri filimi yahise ituma amenyekana "Ikigeragezo cy'ubuzima"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kglnews.com/index.php/tag/willy-ndahiro/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111133543/https://kglnews.com/index.php/tag/willy-ndahiro/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>, muri 2010 yayoboye ndetse akina muyindi filimi yakunzwe cyane "Ay'urukundo"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/paul-wo-mu-kigeragezo-cyubuzima-azabenguka-mushiki-we-muri-film-bazanyemo.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111133543/https://umuseke.rw/paul-wo-mu-kigeragezo-cyubuzima-azabenguka-mushiki-we-muri-film-bazanyemo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Willy kandi yagiye ashinga studio zitunganya amafilimi harimo iyakoze filmi nyinshi yitwa"Vision Production Ltd"<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ibyamamare.com/ndahiro-natacha-umukobwa-ufite-amafoto-akunzwe-cyane-mbuga-nkoranyambaga-kubera-uburanga-bwe-agiye-gusohora-filime-yakinanye-na-musaza-we/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111133543/https://ibyamamare.com/ndahiro-natacha-umukobwa-ufite-amafoto-akunzwe-cyane-mbuga-nkoranyambaga-kubera-uburanga-bwe-agiye-gusohora-filime-yakinanye-na-musaza-we/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Willy NDAHIRO ubu ni umuyobozi wa Rwanda Film Federation ,rukaba ari urugaga [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] ruhuza abakora umwuga wa Cinema mu [[Rwanda]]. == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] h6wqj4jvkre00jate9nyehn1nir8eqm 0 9215 140503 133695 2026-09-30T09:28:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140503 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Dosiye:Minister Bamporiki Profile Picture.jpg|thumb|Bamporiki Edouard]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q105071496}} '''Edouard Bamporiki''' (yavutse Ukwakira 24, 1983) ni umuhanzi w'umunyapolitike w'[[Umunyarwandakazi|umunyarwanda]] . <ref>https://africanfilmny.org/directors/edouard-bamporiki/</ref> <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/Bamporiki-yasobanuye-impamvu-yasuye-Idamange</ref> Kugeza ubu afite umwanya muri guverinoma y’u Rwanda nka Minisitiri ushinzwe umuco muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco Bamporiki yabaye umukinnyi umukinnyi wa filime n'umwanditsi n'umusizi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/politiki-y-inkotanyi-minisitiri-bamporiki-yashoye-ibiceri-300-frw-none-ageze |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111130525/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/politiki-y-inkotanyi-minisitiri-bamporiki-yashoye-ibiceri-300-frw-none-ageze |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == '''Bamporiki''' yavukiye mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|karere ka Nyamasheke]] , [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Yize amashuri muri ako karere<ref>https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/hon-edouard-bamporiki-yashimiye-perezida-kagame-wamugiriye-icyizere-akamugira</ref>. Muri 2003, igihe Bamporiki yari afite imyaka 20, yinjiye mu ikinamico episodic yacaga kuri radiyo y'igihugu<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/bamporiki-edouard-asigaye-agenda-yikanga-umugore-we-muri-amerika |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111130525/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/bamporiki-edouard-asigaye-agenda-yikanga-umugore-we-muri-amerika |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Ibi byamuhaye kwiyerekana mugihugu cyose nk'umukinnyi w'umuhanga.Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri Université Libre de Kigali ( ULK ) . <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/bamporikis-comments-explicit-music-content-draw-mixed-reactions</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == Mu 2013, Bamporiki yatorewe kuba Umudepite mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]], Urugereko rwo hasi<ref>https://teradignews.rw/tag/bamporiki-edouard/</ref>. Muri 2019, yagizwe Minisitiri muri Minisiteri y’Urubyiruko n’umuco na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] .Mbere y’inama [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|y’abaminisitiri]], yari Perezida wa komisiyo y’igihugu y'itorero ry'u [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://imvahonshya.co.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-ubwigenge-bupfubye-bamporiki-edouard/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111130523/https://imvahonshya.co.rw/u-rwanda-rwabonye-ubwigenge-bupfubye-bamporiki-edouard/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Umwuga wa film == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda.svg|thumb]] Bamporiki n'umukinnyi wa firime. ''Long Coat'' ni imwe muri filime zizwi cyane - binyuze mu nkuru y’umuntu warokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] ndetse n'umwe mu bahungu b'uwakoze icyaha, iyi filime yibanda ku gusiga amateka ye<ref>https://www.scottishpoetrylibrary.org.uk/poet/edouard-bamporiki/</ref>. '''Bamporiki''' yanditse, akina, ayobora kandi akora ikinamico y'iminota 63 yerekanwe bwa mbere muri 2008. Byamushirishije mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu gumutwara igihembo cya mbere mu ireukiramuco rya filimi nyafurika ribera i newyork<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru/2011/09/110927_rdabamporiki</ref> . '''Bamporiki''' yari yakoze début ye muri ''Munyurangabo'', filime ya Lee Isaac Chung aho yatorewe kuba umukinnyi mwiza muri Cannes<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/55730/menya-byinshi-kuri-depite-bamporiki-eduard-uzwi-nka-tadeyo-mu-ikinamico-urunana-55730.html</ref>. Yatunganije kandi ''akina mu Rwanda: Fata Babiri'' mu 2010 hanyuma umwaka urangiye, yakinnye muri ''Kinyarwanda'', ikinamico yamateka, hamwe na Cassandra Freeman<ref>http://shikamaye.blogspot.com/2014/04/hon-edouard-bamporiki-yahungabaniye.html</ref> . Aheruka kugaragara kuri ecran muri 2015 ubwo yakinaga ikinamico y'urukundo ''Umutoma''<ref>https://ukwezi.rw/mu-rwanda/3/Amashirakinyoma-ku-byavuzwe-ko-Minisitiri-Bamporiki-afite-akabari-gakora-muri-iki-gihe-utundi-dufunze-VIDEO</ref> . Muri 2017, Bamporiki yasohoye [[igitabo]] cyiswe ''Umwana wanjye, Ninkuru ndende: Ibitekerezo by'abakoze Jenoside'' . Gushyira ahagaragara igitabo cyitabiriwe na madamu wa perezida [[Jeannette Kagame|w’u Rwanda Jeannette Kagame]] <ref>https://www.amakuruki.com/tag/edouard-bamporiki</ref>. == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyaporitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] mx0ovqtyhypa1h0sipzt9h44y36fcq8 0 9218 140504 132190 2026-09-30T09:28:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140504 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''100 Days''''' ni filme y'ikinamico yo muri 2001 yayobowe na Nick Hughes ikorwa na Hughes na Eric Kabera<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.africanfilm.com/products/100-days-1 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111113445/https://www.africanfilm.com/products/100-days-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://ijambo.net/content/Movie-Review-100-Days-2001.php</ref> inkuru y'ino filme igaruka kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu 1994<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/100-days/</ref><ref>https://www.artfilms-digital.com/item/100-days</ref>. Umutwe wa filime ugaragaza uburebure bw'igihe cyo kuva jenoside yatangira ku ya 7 Mata kugeza ihagaritswe hagati muri Nyakanga 1994.<ref>https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/otm/segments/100-days</ref><ref>https://www.fiff.ch/fr/100-days-0</ref> Iyi filime niyo filime ya mbere yakinwe ikozwe ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe [[Abatutsi|Abatuts]]<nowiki/>i mu Rwanda mu 1994, ikaba yibanda ku buzima bw’umukobwa muto w'umututsi wabaye impunzi ashakisha uko yarokora ubuzima bwe mu gihe cya [[Jenoside mu Rwanda|Jenoside]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://changingthestory.leeds.ac.uk/profiles/cesar-kwetu/ |title=Eric Kabera (Kwetu Film Institute) |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111113034/https://changingthestory.leeds.ac.uk/profiles/cesar-kwetu/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Amashusho y'ino filme yafatiwe ahantu Jenoside yabereye mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://alchetron.com/100-Days-(2001-film)</ref><ref>https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/10.1386/jac.2.1.49_1</ref>. AMASHAKIRO; <references /> [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] 4km31zzg0yrats9xi5zkrs640ow3338 0 9220 140505 130862 2026-09-30T09:28:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140505 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''Sometimes in April''''' ni filime y'akozwe n'abany[[amerika]] muri 2005 ivuga kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.facinghistory.org/books-borrowing/sometimes-april</ref><ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/sometimes-in-april/</ref>, yanditswe kandi iyobowe n'umukinnyi wa filime wo [[Hayiti|muri Hayiti]] Raoul Peck. Abakinnyi bagize itsinda barimo Idris Elba, Oris Erhuero, Carole Karemera, na Debra Winger <ref>https://www.developmenteducationreview.com/issue/issue-5/sometimes-april</ref><ref>https://www.hulu.com/movie/sometimes-in-april-224c4c34-3c43-4047-92c6-2bf21dc33d10</ref>. == Uko yateguwe == Bitandukanye na ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', yahawe igihembo cya PG-13 kandi ikaba yaravugaga mu buryo bwihishe inyuma ya jenoside aho kwerekana ku buryo bweruye<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=213298</ref>, iyi [[Filimi ya Seburikoko|filime]] yari izwiho kwerekana ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, ryayihaye TV-MA. Byongeye kandi, amashusho atandukanye yashyizwe mu Rwanda yafatiwe muri Kigali no hafi yayo, hagaragaramo ahantu nyaburanga nka Hotel des Mille Collines ndetse na kiliziya [[Kiriziya y'umuryango mutagatifu|ya Sainte-Famille]]<ref>https://www.worldcat.org/title/sometimes-in-april/oclc/58805300</ref> <ref>https://www.3continents.com/en/film/sometimes-in-april/</ref>. Filime yabanje kwerekanwa kuri HBO . Nyuma yaje gutangazwa na PBS hanyuma isesengurwa n’umunyamakuru jeff Greenfield hamwe na Paul Bonerwitz hamwe n’abandi<ref>https://www.tvguide.com/movies/sometimes-in-april/2000280433/</ref> <ref>https://www.filmaffinity.com/us/film711015.html</ref>. == references == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] sf06lkh3khlxcuuvbdzqwo1k5y0o1b5 0 9224 140506 135444 2026-09-30T09:28:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140506 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Lee_Isaac_Chung_VOA_interview.png|thumb|Lee Isaac Chung umuyobozi wa film '''''Munyurangabo''''' yakinnye ]]'''''Munyurangabo''''' ni filime [[Rwanda|nyarwanda]] yasohotse muri 2007 iyobowe na Lee Isaac Chung <ref>https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/munyurangabo-2009</ref>. Yafatiwe amashusho yose mu [[Rwanda]] hamwe n'abakinnyi [[Rwanda|b'abanyarwanda]], niyo filime yambere yerekana inkuru mu rurimi rw' [[Ikinyarwanda|iKinyarwanda.]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.criterionchannel.com/munyurangabo |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-11 |archive-date=2021-11-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211111104254/https://www.criterionchannel.com/munyurangabo |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yerekanwe bwa mbere mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes 2007 ku ya 24 Gicurasi, kandi yegukana igihembo muri AFI Fest 2007. [[Amerika|Umunyamerika]] Roger Ebert impuguke muri filimi yayise filimi y'igitangaza <ref>https://www.filmmovement.com/product/munyurangabo</ref>." == Abakinnyi == * Rutagengwa Jeff - Munyurangabo * Ndorunkundiye Eric - Sangwa * Nkurikiyinka Jean Marie Vianney - Papa Sangwa * Harerimana Jean Pierre - Gwiza * Nyirabucyeye Narcicia - Mama Sangwa * [[Edouard Bamporiki|Bamporiki Edouard]] - Umusizi == Umusaruro == [[Dosiye:Nytimes hq.jpg|thumb|Ikinyamakuru the new york times]] Nk 'uko ikinyamakuru ''The New York Times'' kibitangaza ngo mbere yo gukora iyi filimi, umugore wa Lee Isaac Chung<ref>https://theindependentcritic.com/munyurangabo</ref>, Valerie yari yakoze urugendo mu [[Rwanda]] nk'umukorerabushake wo gukorana n’abagizweho n'ingaruka na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]]<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/munyurangabo/</ref>, Chung yari yamuherekeje mu [[Rwanda]] yatekereje gukinira filimi muri [[Kigali]] muri 2006<ref>https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/films/munyurangabo</ref>. Chung ahita aboneraho akanya ko kwerekana ukuri kubijyanye nuko u [[Rwanda]] rwari rumeze akoresheje abanyeshuri yari amaze iminsi yigisha gukina filimi<ref>https://m.festival-cannes.com/en/festival/films/munyurangabo</ref>. Chung yanditse filimi ku mpapuro icyenda abifashijwemo n'inshuti (gusa nyuma yaje gushaka abandi banditsi bamufasha kunoza neza inkuru harimo Samuel Gray Anderson<ref>https://search.alexanderstreet.com/view/work/bibliographic_entity%7Cvideo_work%7C1824464/munyurangabo</ref>. Chung yafashe amashusho ya Munyurangabo mu minsi 11, akorana n'itsinda ry'abakinnyi babanyarwanda.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/29/movies/29muny.html</ref> == Iterambere ryakurikiyeho == Lee Isaac Chung yakomeje gufasha abo bakinanye kuburyo ubu bakora amafilimi yo mu [[Rwanda]] bikabagirira akamaro abinyujije muri Almond Tree Rwanda<ref>https://mubi.com/films/munyurangabo</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] mn36p19s12a9v3uju28joj9obn0xcyo 0 9451 140507 135792 2026-09-30T09:28:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140507 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Political allegiance of burgomasters in Rwanda at the beginning of April 1994.svg|thumb|imfura filime yakiniwe murwanda]] '''''Imfura''''', ni filime ngufi yo mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda yo muri]] 2017 iyobowe na Samuel Ishimwe ikaba yarayikoranye na Daniel Schweizer na Jean Perret kuri Haute École d'Art et de Design (HEAD) na Imitana Productions.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.film/imfura-a-samuel-ishimwe-short-film/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115141954/https://africa.film/imfura-a-samuel-ishimwe-short-film/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.swissfilms.ch/en/person/samuel-ishimwe/A76E473A8D06475DA0944D06EB9622AB</ref> Muri iyi filime hagaragaramo Moses Mwizerwa mu mwanya wa mbere hamwe na Kijyana Yves na Nyirababikira Hadidja mu nshingano zabo<ref>https://africanfilmny.org/films/imfura/</ref>. Filime yakiriwe neza kandi yegukana ibihembo byinshi mubirori mpuzamahanga bya firime<ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/amakuru-43156718</ref>. Bibaye umusaruro wambere wu [[Rwanda]] washyizwe mumarushanwa ya Berlinale Short. Muri make yatsindiye icyiciro cya silver Bear Jury Igiciro cya Berlin International Festival Festival<ref>https://www.hesge.ch/head/projet/film-imfura-samuel-ishimwe-remporte-prix-au-palm-springs-international-short-film-festival</ref> . == Umugambi == Iyi filime ivuga ku nkuru yashyizwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda nyuma ya jenoside]] .<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.film/imfura-a-samuel-ishimwe-short-film/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115141954/https://africa.film/imfura-a-samuel-ishimwe-short-film/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Abakinnyi == * Moses Mwizerwa nka Gisa * Kijyana Yves nka Gahigi * Nyirababikira Hadidja nka Seraphina == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi zo muri Rwanda]] ieoi7vaumli54xyosou3yo271kqwi9r 0 9475 140508 139324 2026-09-30T09:28:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140508 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Raouf J. Jacob''' (wavutse 1988 muri [[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika]] y'Iburengerazuba), ni umukinnyi wa firime, producer akaba n'umuyobozi wa firime<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6200379/</ref>. Jacob azwi cyane kubera filime nyinshi yatsindiye ibihembo muri filime za ''[[Siyera Lewone|Siyera]] Lewone:'' ''A Culture of Silence''<ref>https://worldwidecinemaframes.com/about-raouf-j_-jacob</ref>. Ni n'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa & Rurema akaba n'uwashinze sitidiyo / filime za Worldwide Cinema Frames LLC hamwe na Global Cinema Film Festival ya Boston (GCFF) yashinze mu 2006.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/raouf-j-jacob/m0_xsfbl?hl=en |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-15 |archive-date=2021-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211115165453/https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/raouf-j-jacob/m0_xsfbl?hl=en |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://mubi.com/cast/raouf-j-jacob</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2005, yakoze filime CRY'','' ''America'', yakoze ubushakashatsi ku byago bibabaje no gukurikira. Yakoze kandi urukurikirane ''a Blind World''<ref>https://www.wickedlocal.com/x211927758/Human-rights-film-shown-Wednesday</ref>''.''. Uruhererekane rwasesenguye Umunyagitugu w’Abanazi [[Adolf Hitler]] ' Igisubizo cya nyuma cy’ikibazo cy’Abayahudi <ref>https://www.primevideo.com/gp/video/detail/Sierra-Leone-A-Culture-Of-Silence/0IE5I3QQPAEDZOME0JFMN1EFHO/ref=atv_nb_lcl_he_IL?language=he_IL&ie=UTF8</ref>', [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, itsembabwoko rya Darfur muri Sudani, itotezwa ry’umuryango wa Baha'i muri Irani ndetse n’ingoma y’uwahoze ari intwazangabo Pablo Escobar muri [[Kolombiya]].<ref>https://www.senscritique.com/contact/Raouf_J_Jacob/1751792</ref> Muri 2014, Jacob yashyize ahagaragara film documentaire '':'' ''A Culture of Silence'' Yabaye umuyobozi, umwanditsi, producer, umukinnyi wa cinemateri, umwanditsi hamwe nivanga amajwi ya firime<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=94601</ref>. Iyi filime yatsindiye ibihembo byinshi, harimo Filime nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya New York City 2014, iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Boston 2014<ref>https://www.films.com/ecTitleDetail.aspx?TitleID=94601</ref>, ndetse n’iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Roxbury 2014. Iyi filime kandi yerekanwe ku Isoko rya Filime rya Cannes 2014 (Marché du film de Cannes), Iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Afurika rya Silicon n'ibindi!<ref>https://www.24-7pressrelease.com/press-release/396302/award-winning-documentary-feature-film-a-culture-of-silence-opens-in-boston-at-west-newton-cinema-on-friday-november-14-2014</ref> == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2005 |''Cry, America'' |Director, writer |Documentary |- |2010 |''In a Blind World'' |Director, writer, producer |Documentary |- |2014 |''A Culture of Silence'' |Director, writer, producer, cinematographer, editor, sound mixer |Documentary |} == references == [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] o4li97j8t5dqu7tr9w2wlncz7de8z9u 0 9489 140509 136774 2026-09-30T09:28:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140509 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Category:Articles with hCards]] [[Dosiye:Espérance Nyirasafari.jpg|thumb|Nyirasafari Espérance]] '''Nyirasafari Espérance''' ni umunyamategeko akaba n'umunyapolitiki mu [[Rwanda]], akaba umwe muri ba Visi Perezida ba Sena y'u [[Rwanda]], guhera ku ya 17 Ukwakira 2019<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/nyirasafari-esperance-wari-minisitiri-w-umuco-na-siporo-yagizwe-senateri</ref>. Yashyizweho muri Sena na Perezida w'u [[Rwanda]], ku ya 22 Nzeri 2019<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/who-who-new-senate</ref>. Mbere yibyo, yabaye [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|minisitiri]] muri Minisiteri ya Siporo n’umuco, kuva ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, kugeza ku ya 22 Nzeri 2019<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/85878/minisitiri-nyirasafari-esperance-yakiriye-mu-biro-bye-miss-iradukunda-liliane-ugiye-kwitab-85878.html</ref>. Mbere yibyo, kuva 5 Ukwakira 2016 kugeza 18 Ukwakira 2018, yari Minisitiri w’uburinganire n’iterambere ry’umuryango<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/nyirasafari-raises-red-flag-over-increasing-teenage-pregnancies</ref>. == Amavu n'amavuko == Espérance yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] ku babyeyi babanyarwanda; bombi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] muri 1994, akiri muto .<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211118150107/https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=2&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3679&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=3e5ed2fc3b1e62f38ca97aa432a1f3d3</ref> Nyirasafari Espérance ni umubyeyi wubatse akaba nyina w’abana bane barimo abahungu batatu n’umukobwa umwe, Nyirasafari yanabaye umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko y’u Rwanda .<ref name=":0">https://www.teradignews.rw/rw/nyirasafari-esperance-wagizwe-minisitiri-mushya-wa-siporo-numuco-ni-muntu-ki/</ref><ref name=":1">https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/senateri-nyirasafari-yitandukanyije-n-imyumvire-y-abakono-abitabiriye-iyimikwa</ref> == Umwuga == Mu 2009, yabaye umunyamabanga uhoraho muri minisiteri y’ubutabera mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201105130229.html</ref>. , ku ya 5 Ukwakira 2016, bivugwa ko yari umwe mu bagize [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Inteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/esperance-nyirasafari</ref>. Yasimbuye [[Diane Gashumba]] aba minisitiri muri Migeprof, wabaye Minisitiri w’ubuzima mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/politiki/amakuru/article/nyirasafari-esperance-wari-minisitiri-w-umuco-na-siporo-yagizwe-senateri</ref>. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ryo ku ya 31 Kanama 2017, Espérance Nyirasafari yagumanye inshingano ze muri Migeprof<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/214047</ref>. Nka minisitiri ashyigikiye kubahana hagati y’abashakanye kugira ngo bateze imbere umuryango<ref>https://rwanda.unfpa.org/en/news/gender-equality-human-right-%E2%80%93-celebrating-women%E2%80%99s-day</ref>. Mu ivugurura ry’abaminisitiri ku ya 18 Ukwakira 2018, Espérance Nyirasafari yagizwe Minisitiri w’imikino n’umuco<ref>https://www.minisports.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=9083&cHash=eab184d32afbce78a24ccea469263161</ref>. Yinjiye muri guverinoma ivuguruye ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] wagabanije abagize guverinoma kuva kuri 31 bakagera kuri 26. Inama y'Abaminisitiri ni abagore 50%, ikora u [[Rwanda]], hamwe na [[Etiyopiya]], ibihugu bibiri bya [[Afurika]] byonyine bifite uburinganire muri guverinoma zabo<ref>https://www.migeprof.gov.rw/news-detail/honorable-solina-nyirahabimana-sworn-in-as-new-gender-and-family-promotion-minister</ref>. [[Dosiye:Espérance_Nyirasafari_2013-07-01_(35426418905)_(cropped).jpg|thumb|Espérance Nyirasafari 2013-07-01 (35426418905) (cropped)]] == Umuntu ku giti cye == Espérance Nyirasafari numubyeyi wubatse. Nyirasafari yigeze kuba umushinjacyaha mukuru wa Repubulika. Espérance Nyirasafari yavuze ko yakoze amahano kubera kwitabira umuhango w'iyimikwa ry’umutware w’Abakono, mu nyandiko yatangaje kuri Twitter isaba imbabazi Perezida [[Paul Kagame]]. Kuko abarizwa mu Ishyaka rya FPR-Inkotanyi . <ref>https://www.bbc.com/gahuza/articles/ckkxlkr3d25o</ref><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" /> == Indanganturo == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] llvpqxcbq4knso5dtk9ug3l1gp27ow9 0 9601 140510 120184 2026-09-30T09:28:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140510 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Nyatanyi''' (16 Nyakanga 1965 - 26 Nzeri 2011) yari impuguke mu by'ubukungu n’umunyapolitiki, yabaye umunyamabanga wa Leta ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu, kuva mu Kwakira 2003 kugeza apfuye muri Nzeri 2011.<ref>https://rushyashya.net/umubyeyi-wa-nyakwigendera-christine-nyatanyi-yitabye-imana/</ref> <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35350</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] ku ya 16 Nyakanga 1965. Yize muri kaminuza nkuru y’ubukungu ya Kharkiv, i Kharkiv, muri [[Ikerene|Ukraine]], ari naho yakuye impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Economics mu 1987. Nyuma yize muri ''Odessa Institute of National Economy'', arangiza mu 1991 afite Masters mu bijyanye n’inganda . <ref>https://peoplepill.com/people/christine-nyatanyi</ref> == Umwuga == Nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] mu 1994, Nyantanyi yakoranye na komite mpuzamahanga ya Croix-Rouge (ICRC), muri "Department [[Goma|of Tracing", i Goma]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] ni [[Nairobi]] muri [[Kenya]]. Mu 1997, yagizwe umuyobozi ushinzwe umushinga mu nama ya ''Flemish ishinzwe impunzi'', ifite icyicaro i Buruseli mu [[Bubiligi]]. Mu Kwakira 2003, yagizwe Minisitiri w’igihugu ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’igihugu cy’u [[Rwanda]], akora muri urwo rwego kugeza muri Nzeri 2011. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/christine-nyatanyi-yasezeweho-kuri-uyu-wa-mbere.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-22 |archive-date=2021-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122174840/https://ar.umuseke.rw/christine-nyatanyi-yasezeweho-kuri-uyu-wa-mbere.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Urupfu == Nyatanyi yapfuye ku ya 26 Nzeri 2011, mu bitaro bya kaminuza ya Saint-Luc, i Buruseli mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]], nyuma yo kuvurwa igihe kirekire. Umurambo we usubira i [[Kigali]], yurira Brussels Airlines ku wa gatandatu, 1 Ukwakira 2011. <ref>https://www.paulkagame.com/president-kagame-mrs-kagame-pay-last-respects-to-hon-christine-nyatanyi/</ref> Nyuma yigihe kinini cyo kumusezeraho mu teko ishingamategeko na misa ya requiem kuri "Kiliziya Gatolika ya Regina Pacis" i Remera, mu nkengero za Kigali, umurambo we washyinguwe mu gihugu. Yasabiwe mu irimbi rya Rusororo i Kabuga, ku wa mbere, 3 Ukwakira 2011. <ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/NYAKWIGENDERA-NYATANYI-MARIE-CHRISTINE-YASEZEWEHO-MU-CYUBAHIRO</ref> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Ibihugu byunze ubumwe byahaye igihembo Christine Nyatanyi, mu 2008, mu rwego rwo kumushimira ibikorwa bye ndetse no kubazwa ibyo akora muri gahunda y'igihugu y'u [[Rwanda]] '''Ubudehe '''' . <ref>https://allafrica.com/stories/201110030213.html</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda-related lists]] cumkw7sb60t9c7l2wc563k990e9c8ib 0 9614 140511 132985 2026-09-30T09:28:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140511 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nirere Béatrice''' ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]] wahamwe n'icyaha cya jenoside kubera uruhare yagize muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. Igihe yacirwaga urubanza mu 2009, yari umwe mu bagize umutwe w’abadepite mu Rwanda, [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|inteko ishinga amategeko umutwe]] w’igihugu .<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/7396</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://frankensaurus.com/B%C3%A9atrice_Nirere |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123045807/https://frankensaurus.com/B%C3%A9atrice_Nirere |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibyabaye == Mu 1993, Nirere yari guverineri wungirije ushinzwe imibereho myiza muri perefegitura ya Byumba. Muri uwo mwaka, yahunze ingabo [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|z’u Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR) yimukira mu nkengero za [[Kigali]] . Ababibonye bavuze ko mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu [[Rwanda]] yo mu 1994 Nirere yari umwe mu bari bagize umutwe [[Interahamwe|w’interahamwe]] zateguye ubwicanyi [[Abatutsi|bw’Abatutsi b’Abatutsi]], uruhare rwa Nirere hamwe n’interahamwe rwakomotse kuri politiki ye. Nirere yemeye ko yahaye abayoboke ba Interahamwe imyenda n'ibindi bikoresho, ariko ahakana ko atigeze akorana nabo. Yashinjwaga kandi gushyiraho no kugenzura bariyeri aho abatutsi bafungiwe mbere yuko bicwa.<ref>https://www.radiyoyacuvoa.com/a/a-18-2009-03-01-voa1-93027494/1265831.html</ref> <ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/depeches/106136/politique/rwanda-lex-president-du-parlement-condamne-a-la-perpetuite-pour-genocide/</ref> Muri Nzeri 2008, Nirere yongeye gutorerwa kuba mu mutwe w'Abadepite nk'umunyamuryango wa FPR uri ku butegetsi. Nyuma y'amezi atanu ari umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko, yashinjwaga itsembabwoko maze aburanishwa mu rukiko rwa gacaca i Giporoso, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] . Ku ya 2 Werurwe 2009, Nirere yahamijwe icyaha cya jenoside maze akatirwa gufungwa burundu . Ikibazo cyo gusimburwa kwa Nirere mu nteko kivugwa muri Gicurasi yakurikiyeho, kubera ko yari atarasimburwa na FPR. Umuvugizi w’iyo nzu, Rose Mukantabana, yazamuye iki kibazo kubera ko amategeko y’inteko ishinga amategeko arenze iminsi icumi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2009-05-22/8585/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2017-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171217040616/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2009-05-22/8585/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/21148-en-en-020309-rwandagacaca-gacaca-rpf-legislator-sentenced-to-life-imprisonment-over-1994-genocide1195511955.html</ref> == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] qqnt34u59em7ot2pkgoqz13qn02sfu8 0 9617 140512 135184 2026-09-30T09:28:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140512 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Uwumuremyi Marie Claire''' (yavutse 1979) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu [[Rwanda]]. Kuva mu 2018 yabaye umwe mu bagize [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|Umutwe rw'Abadepite]] mu nteko ishingamategeko y' u [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="Details">[https://www.parliament.gov.rw/index.php?id=125&width=650&detailId=425 Member details], [[Parliament of Rwanda]]. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> == Ubuzima == Uwumuremyi Marie Claire mbere yo kuba umudepite yakoraga kuri Biro y'Ubutaka, nk'umukozi ushinzwe ubutaka mu Karere akaba n'ushinzwe guha agaciro ubutaka mu Karere<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyanza.gov.rw/default-title-12/hatangijwe-gahunda-zo-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-25-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123052203/https://www.nyanza.gov.rw/default-title-12/hatangijwe-gahunda-zo-kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-25-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-mu-1994 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. <ref name="Details"/> Yabaye Perezida w'Inama y'Abagore (CNF) mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] . Ku munsi mpuzamahanga w’[[Umugore|abagore]] bo mu cyaro 2011 yashishikarije abagore bo mu Murenge wa Tumba, mu [[Akarere ka Huye|Karere ka Huye]], gukoresha amahirwe leta itanga, no guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwabo bafata inguzanyo. <ref>[https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/35977 Huye women urged to embrace gov’t programmes], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', October 18, 2011. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Muri Nzeri 2018 yabaye umudepite mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]], Intara y'Amajyepfo, nk'uhagarariye abagore. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/189017</ref><ref name="Details"/> Mu Kwakira 2018, yitabiriye ibirori by’umunsi w’ibiribwa ku isi, ashyigikira gahunda ya Girinka ya guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]] (Inka imwe ku muryango ukennye). <ref>Jean de Dieu Nsabimana, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/girinka-programme-driving-rwandas-ambitious-target-zero-hunger Girinka programme driving Rwanda’s ambitious target of zero hunger], ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]'', October 29, 2018. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Ukuboza 2019 yatorewe kuba muri Komite Nyobozi y’umutwe w’Abadepite bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Commonwealth (CWP). <ref>Emmanuel Ntirenganya, [https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwanda-chapter-commonwealth-women-mps-elect-new-committee Rwanda chapter of Commonwealth women MPs elect new committee], ''The New Times'', December 17, 2019. Accessed 3 May 2020.</ref> Muri Kamena 2019, ubwo yavugaga mu muhango wo kwibuka wabereye mu Murenge wa Mukingo, mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]], yibukije abamuteze amatwi akamaro ko kwibuka [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu Rwanda<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=3721&tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail&cHash=22b14d781b6cef50b2c7daa9e16a5096 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-23 |archive-date=2021-11-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211123052205/https://cnlg.gov.rw/index.php?id=87&L=1&tx_news_pi1&#91;news&#93;=3721&tx_news_pi1&#91;controller&#93;=News&tx_news_pi1&#91;action&#93;=detail&cHash=22b14d781b6cef50b2c7daa9e16a5096 |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Akazi ya koze == Uwumuremyi Marie Claire yakoze akazi kenshi kandi gatandukanye harimo : * kuva muri nzeri 2018- kugeza ubu : umudepite mu nteko ishinga amategeko * Kuva muri 2016- 2018: Umukozi ushinzwe guha agaciro ubutaka bw'akarere ka Nyanza * Kuva muri 2015: Umuyobozi mu bikorwa Remezo . * Kuva muri ukwakira 2007- 2014: Ushinzwe Ubutaka mu Karere / Umuyobozi wa Biro y'Ubutaka * Kuva muri 2000-2001: Umwarimu mu mashuri abanza .<ref>https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5B%40widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=3&cHash=7c1a95795e124166bd110258c1b29a83</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi babanyapolitiki]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko ishinga amategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda]] dhe9sdjpzdthmrjsrie1mpe5ylo6uvz 0 9651 140513 135592 2026-09-30T09:28:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140513 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ciudad del Cabo desde Cabeza de León, Sudáfrica, 2018-07-22, DD 34.jpg|thumb|mduduzi yavukiye muri afurika yepfo]] '''Mduduzi Mabaso''' (yavutse 1 Mata 1976), ni umukinnyi wa filimi muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] . <ref>https://mubi.com/cast/mduduzi-mabaso</ref> Azwi cyane kubera uruhare muri firime na teleserial ''Blood Diamond'', ''Machine Gun Preacher'' na ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' . <ref>https://www.news24.com/drum/celebs/news/catching-up-with-rhythm-citys-no1-tsotsi-suffo-20200909</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Yavutse mu 1976 i Alexandra, muri Afurika y'Epfo . Yamaze imyaka 3 y'ubwana bwe muri Transkei . <ref name="briefly">{{Template:Cite web}}</ref> Yabanje gushyingiranwa na Veronica Maseko kandi bombi bafite abana babiri. Nyuma yashakanye na mugenzi we bakina filime, Fatima Metsileng. <ref>https://www.magzter.com/article/Entertainment/Drum-English/Love-Lives-Here</ref> Mabaso yamusanze mugihe cya shampiyona ya kabiri ya ''Zone 14'' muri 2007. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://zalebs.com/relationships/mduduzi-mabaso/rhythm-citys-mduduzi-mabaso-shares-how-his-wife-made-him-believe-love-again |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-11-25 |archive-date=2021-10-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010183314/https://zalebs.com/relationships/mduduzi-mabaso/rhythm-citys-mduduzi-mabaso-shares-how-his-wife-made-him-believe-love-again |url-status=dead }}</ref> Bashyingiwe nyuma yimyaka mike babyara abana babiri. Rero, afite abana bane: Ntokozo, Mpumi, Njabulo na Zolile. <ref name="briefly"/> == Umwuga == Mu 1992, yagaragaye bwa mbere mu ikinamico ''Divide na Rule'' . Mu 2004, yatangiye gukina filime muri firime y'Abanyamerika ''Hotel Rwanda'' iyobowe na Terry George . Iyi filime yari ishingiye kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo]] mu [[Rwanda]], yabaye muri mata 1994. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20080430050749/http://www.boston.com/movies/display?display=movie&id=7112</ref> Hanyuma yakinnye mubikorwa byinshi byunganira muri firime, ''Catch a Fire'', ''Heartlines'' and ''Blood Diamond'' . <ref name="briefly"/> Yakinnye kandi mumikino yo kuri stage: ''Cry The Beloved Country'', ''Madiba’s Magic'', ''Behind the Curtains'', ''Shaka Zulu'' and ''Tasha On The Rocks'' . <ref>https://www.tvsa.co.za/actors/viewactor.aspx?actorid=6613</ref> Muri 2006, yagize uruhare runini muri make ''Sekalli le Meokgo'' iyobowe na Tebho Mahlatsi. <ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236788643</ref> Iyi filime yaje guhabwa Filime ngufi nziza mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Durban 2007. <ref>http://www.artlink.co.za/news_article.htm?contentID=3883</ref> Mu 2007, yatumiriwe gukina mu isonga kuri televiziyo yo muri [[Afurika y'Epfo]] ''Rhythm City'' . Yakinnye nka 'Suffocate Ndlovu'. yakoze premier yayo kuri tereviziyo yubusa kuri televiziyo e.tv ku ya 9 Nyakanga 2007. Uruhererekane rugenda rwerekanwa muri Afrika yepfo hamwe nibisobanuro byiza. Hagati aho, Mabaso yatsindiye igihembo cya Golden Horn igihembo cyumukinnyi witwaye neza mu isabune ya TV hanyuma igihembo cya Golden Horn kikaba umukinnyi mwiza muri Filime yerekana uruhare rwe 'Ndlovu' muri serial. == Amashusho<ref>https://variety.com/2016/film/festivals/five-fingers-for-marseilles-south-africa-sean-drummond-michael-matthews-1201796380/</ref> == {| class="wikitable" !Year !Film !Role !Genre |- |2004 |''[[:en:Hotel_Rwanda|Hotel Rwanda]]'' |Hutu Lieutenant |Film |- |2006 |''Catch a Fire'' |Security Branch Policeman |Film |- |2006 |''[[:en:Sekalli_le_Meokgo|Sekalli le Meokgo]]'' |Khotso |Short film |- |2006 |''Heartlines'' |Manyisa |Film |- |2006 |''Blood Diamond'' |Rebel 1 |Film |- |2006 |''A Place Called Home'' |Steven |TV Series |- |2007–present |''[[:en:Rhythm_City_(TV_series)|Rhythm City]]'' |Suffocate Ndlovu |TV Series |- |2011 |''Machine Gun Preacher'' |Marco |Film |- |2011 |''Lucky'' |Bongile |Film |- |2014 |''Security'' |Morris |Short film |- |2016 |''For Love and Broken Bones'' |Motheo |Film |- |2017 |''[[:en:Five_Fingers_for_Marseilles|Five Fingers for Marseilles]]'' |Luyanda |Film |- |TBD |''State Enemy No.1'' |Collen Chauke |Film |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Afurika]] js4m4qtyaq9jdiwidrv7d6m5awbfyiv 0 9844 140514 122736 2026-09-30T09:28:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140514 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dominique_Alonga.jpg|thumb| Dominique Alonga]] '''Dominique Alonga''' ni umukobwa ukiri muto, rwiyemezamirimo, umwanditsi na blogger . Niwe washinze kandi akaba n'umuyobozi mukuru wa Imagine We Rwanda, ububiko bwibitabo, inzu y’ibitabo n’isomero ryashinzwe mu 2014. <ref name=":0">https://rwandatoday.africa/rwanda/news/getting-the-young-to-read-books-written-for-their-enjoyment-by-rwanda-peers-3608580</ref> == Uburezi == Alonga yize impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu itangazamakuru kandi azobereye mu mibanire rusange no gucunga ibirori muri Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] . <ref name=":0" /> == Umwuga == Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo ya Alonga, Dominque yasubiye i [[Kigali|Kigali mu Rwanda]] maze atangira gukora mu ishami ry’itumanaho rya Never Again Rwanda. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |url=http://sheinspiresher.com/dominique-alonga-spreading-a-passion-for-reading/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114203/http://sheinspiresher.com/dominique-alonga-spreading-a-passion-for-reading/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2014, yinjiye mu marushanwa ya ba rwiyemezamirimo bashinzwe imibereho myiza bakora mu kuzamura imibereho y’abana icyo gihe muri Kanama 2015, ahabwa igihembo cy’amafaranga n’umushinga udaharanira inyungu Reach for Change cyamuteye kureka akazi yakoraga maze atangira ku mugaragaro kwikorera. umuryango we utegamiye kuri Leta, Imagine We Rwanda. <ref name=":1" /> Bitewe no kutagira ibitabo byinjira mu ruhame hanze y’isomero rusange rya [[Kigali]], yatangije umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta agamije kongerera ubushobozi umuco wo gusoma no guhanga mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114208/https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Alonga yemeza ko kimwe mu bikenewe cyane [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] na [[Afurika]] bifite ari ugukunda ubuvanganzo kandi akoresha igihe cye n'umutungo kugira ngo atange umusanzu muto muri ibyo bikenewe. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.imbutofoundation.org/iaccelerator/girldistrict.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114210/http://www.imbutofoundation.org/iaccelerator/girldistrict.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://www.unicef.org/rwanda/stories/unicef-and-airtel-host-pitch-night-young-entrepreneurs-rwanda</ref> Alonga yatangiriye ku gitabo cy’abana cyitwa ''ABC's of Rwanda, igitabo'' cyanditseho inkuru ngufi nka ''The Burden of the Saved a'' nd ''The Shape of Hypocrisyand Tracing the Cracks'', kimaze kumenyekana kuko gishingiye ku ihungabana ry’ibisekuruza ndetse na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo]] mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.andariya.com/post/young-inspiring-women-from-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124120843/https://www.andariya.com/post/young-inspiring-women-from-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yanditse inkuru nyinshi zibabaza kandi zisusurutsa umutima zakoze kuba[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|rwanda benshi nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda 1994]] . <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114200/https://mellowviews.com/tracing-the-cracks-by-dominique-alonga-review-raw-heartbreaking-and-heartwarming/</ref> Alonga ahugura urubyiruko kubijyanye no guteza imbere imishinga no kwitwara neza binyuze mumushinga wamateka, kandi yibanda ku mpano zibitabo, guhugura abashobora kwandika, no gusohora ibitabo. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114208/https://www.care.org/news-and-stories/culture/how-26-year-old-dominique-alonga-is-changing-rwandas-lit-scene/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/932271556078151352/pdf/Blog4Dev-2019-Enhancing-the-Skills-to-Prepare-Africa-s-Youth-for-the-Digital-Economy-and-the-Future-of-Work.pdf</ref> Alonga atezimbere gusoma no umuco wo kwandika mubanyarwanda ndetse no mumashuri ubaha ibikoresho bifatika bashobora guhuza no kwihesha agaciro kubasomyi ba Afrika. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/alonga-her-book-tracing-cracks-and-imagine-we-book-app</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://africa.reachforchange.org/en/impact/impact-social-entrepreneurs/dominique-brings-joys-reading-rwandan-children |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114155/https://africa.reachforchange.org/en/impact/impact-social-entrepreneurs/dominique-brings-joys-reading-rwandan-children |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ibihembo == Dominique Alonga yahawe ibihembo byinshi nkurubyiruko rwihangira imirimo harimo Tigo na Reach for Change Digital Changemakers Award 2015, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=2654 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-04 |archive-date=2021-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114207/http://hope-mag.com/index.php?com=news&option=read&ca=1&a=2654 |url-status=dead }}</ref> One Hundred Most Influential Young Africans, UKAID’s iAccelerator, Celebrating Young Rwandan Achievers(CYRWA) Award and Youth connect champion 2015,World Bank Blog for Development Award 2016, and Mandela washington fellow 2016 in the U.S <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/201550</ref> == Ubuzima == Dominique Alonga yavutse kuri nyina wo mu [[Rwanda]] Antoinette Nyirahuku na Christopher Alonga, se uva muri congo. Alonga yavukiye muri DRC ariko mu 1997 umuryango we wahunze [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] (DRC) ujya mu [[Rwanda]] bashaka umutekano. azwiho gukunda kwandika no gutangaza. Amarana umwanya munini nabana kugirango basome hamwe nibiganiro mbwirwaruhame. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20211124114213/http://twentytentalent.com/a-day-in-the-life-of-dominique-uwase-alonga-ceo-of-imagine-we-rwanda/</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://issuu.com/inzozi/docs/rwandair_inzozi_magazine_september__b0b10289eb6135/52 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-07 |archive-date=2021-12-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207145240/https://issuu.com/inzozi/docs/rwandair_inzozi_magazine_september__b0b10289eb6135/52 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == references == [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwandakazi bari muri business]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] sy9punfolnve5nxy66tj6jvcls6qmr4 0 9870 140515 128915 2026-09-30T09:28:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140515 wikitext text/x-wiki == Janet Nkubana == umunyarwandakazi Janet Nkubana akaba numwe mubashinze Gahaya Links afatanyije na mugenziwe Joy Ndungutse nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] nibwo igitekerezo cyo kwiteza imbere nk'umugore cyaje afata umwanzuro wo gushinga coperative yiswe Gahaya links akaba ari coperative yaje iboha uduseke muburyo bugezweho ndetse no kudushushanyaho<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubana</ref> no kudushyira kumasoko mpuza mahanga. == Iterambere (empowement) == Kurubu Gahaya Links ibarirwamo abagore baboha uduseke kandi batunzwe natwo basaga ibihumbi bine 4000<ref>https://web.facebook.com/193457437873654/posts/joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubanathis-is-a-story-of-two-inspiring-rwanda-women-joy-ndu/296931174192946/?_rdc=1&_rdr</ref> kuva nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide]] abagore bazamuye ubuhanga bwabo mu kuboha uduseke twiza tugezweho babifashijwemo na Janet Nkubana umuyobozi wa Gahaya links<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/janet-nkubana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-09 |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209095832/https://www.gettyimages.com/photos/janet-nkubana |url-status=dead }}</ref> afatanyije na mugenziwe Joy Ndungutse bateje imbere icuruzwa ry'uduseke mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ndetse no mu mahanga. bafatanyije nka Macy's Walmat, Oprah Magazine, Anthropologie, crate and Barrel na Kte spade.<ref>https://www.lionessesofafrica.com/lioness-joy-ndungutse-janet-nkubana</ref> akaba ari igikorwa kindashyikirwa Janet Nkubana yagejeje ku bari nabategarugore bo mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kuko byabafashije mu kwiteza imbere bibumbiye mu ma koperative mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] hose == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Janet Nkubana umuyobozi wa Gahaya Links indetse na mugenziwe Joy ndungutse bavukiye mu [[Rwanda]] bakuria mu inkambi y'igihugu cy'abaturanyi cya [[Ubugande|Uganda.]] kubera ibibazo bya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocde]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://folkartmarket.org/artist/janet-nkubana/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2021-12-09 |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209095834/https://folkartmarket.org/artist/janet-nkubana/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubukungu n'iterambere == Madamu janet Nkubana ni umwe mu badamu bafitiye igihugu akamaro mu iterambere ry'abagore muri rusange<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.povertycure.org/learn/media/janet-nkubana-building-business-rwanda |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-04-30 |archive-date=2022-06-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220625140256/https://www.povertycure.org/learn/media/janet-nkubana-building-business-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> kuko coperative yashinze ariyo Gahaya links yogutunganya uduseke muburyo bugezweho ikoramo abagore basaga 400 mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bikaba byarabakuye mubukene no gusabiriza bakabasha kwigurira bimwe mu bikenerwa bya burimunsi utu duseke kandi twoherezwa hanze yu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] bikabagirira akamaro<ref>https://www.startupgrind.com/events/details/startup-grind-kigali-presents-sgwomen-self-as-source-of-strength-with-janet-nkubanagahaya-links/</ref> == Bariza hano == jn6otueacbwmiuufvv04dr1tmjbpmm3 0 10163 140516 96137 2026-09-30T09:28:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140516 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Champ_de_canne_à_sucre_2.jpg|thumb|194x194px| Ibisheke]] [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] rutanga umubare muto w'isukari y'ibara ry'umukara mu bihugu bine muri bitandatu bigize [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]], ari nka [[Kenya]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], [[Tanzaniya]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]], bingana na toni zigera ku 12.000, buri mwaka guhera muri Kanama 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kanamugire |first=Johnson |date=30 August 2016 |title=New entrant buoys Rwanda sugarcane farmer's hopes for better pay |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/rwanda/News/New-entrant-buoys-Rwanda-sugarcane-farmer-hopes-for-better-pay/1433218-3361908-58wbt0z/index.html |access-date=24 October 2017 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Hamwe n’ikoreshwa ry’i gihugu ripima toni zigera kuri 90.000 za metero buri mwaka muri 2016, biteganijwe ko muri 2020, imikoreshereze y’umwaka izaba igeze kuri toni 160.000, bitwara amadolari arenga miliyoni 150 yo gutumiza mu mahanga. <ref name="Up">{{Cite web |last=Ntirenganya |first=Emmanuel |date=8 August 2016 |title=Mauritian investors to construct sugar factory in Eastern Province |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/202415/ |access-date=24 October 2017 |location=Kigali}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFNtirenganya2016">Ntirenganya, Emmanuel (8 August 2016). [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/202415/ "Mauritian investors to construct sugar factory in Eastern Province"]. ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|New Times (Rwanda)]]''. Kigali<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> akeneye kuvugururwa. [[Dosiye:Sucre_blanc_cassonade_complet_rapadura.jpg|thumb|185x185px| Isukari ]] == Umusaruro wumurage == Nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo muri 1994]], guverinoma nshya ya FPR yirukanye Kabuye Sugar Works, uruganda rukora isukari rukumbi muri iki gihugu mu itsinda rya Madhvani ryo muri Uganda, mu rwego rwo kugura miliyoni 1.5 z'amadolari y'Amerika. Uruganda rutanga metero ziri hagati ya 10,000 na 15.000 za tome yisukari yumukara buri mwaka. <ref name="Kab">{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=13 September 2017 |title=Madhvani Group to invest Rwf60 billion in Kabuye sugar plant |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203473/ |access-date=24 October 2017 |location=Kigali}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFEditorial2017">Editorial (13 September 2017). [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203473/ "Madhvani Group to invest Rwf60 billion in Kabuye sugar plant"]. ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|New Times (Rwanda)]]''. Kigali<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite></ref> Itandukaniro ritumizwa muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] no mu turere twa kure harimo [[Ubushinwa]] na [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amerika y'Epfo]] . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Matsiko |first=Philomena |date=2 May 2017 |title=Why price of refined sugar has surged across East Africa |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/High-sugar-prices-across-East-Africa/2560-3910758-item-1-1143j34/index.html |access-date=24 October 2017 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> [[Dosiye:CSIRO_ScienceImage_10529_Sugarcane_and_bowl_of_sugar.jpg|thumb|192x192px| Ubumenyi bwa CSIRO Ishusho 10529 Ibisheke hamwe nigikombe cyisukari ]] == Umusaruro mushya uteganijwe == Itsinda rya Madhvani rirateganya kongera umusaruro i Kabuye kugera kuri toni 55.000 buri mwaka. Iterambere ririmo ishoramari rishya rifite agaciro ka miliyoni 75 z'amadolari (hafi miliyari 60 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda), n'itsinda. Harimo kubaka sitasiyo yumuriro wa co-generation ifite ingufu za {{Convert|12|MW|0}} n'ikigo gikora Ethanol gifite ubushobozi bwo gukora miliyono 6 z'amadolare buri mwaka. Ubutaka bwinshi burasabwa guhinga inkoni nyinshi kugirango iyi ntego igerweho. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda n'itsinda rya Madhvani bakoze ibiganiro kugira ngo iyi gahunda igerweho. <ref name="Kab">{{Cite web |last=Editorial |date=13 September 2017 |title=Madhvani Group to invest Rwf60 billion in Kabuye sugar plant |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203473/ |access-date=24 October 2017 |location=Kigali}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2016, guverinoma yashyize umukono ku masezerano y’ubwumvikane n’abashoramari baturutse [[Morise|muri Maurice]], kugira ngo bashinge uruganda rushya rw’isukari mu [[Intara y’Iburasirazuba|Ntara y’Uburasirazuba]] bw’u Rwanda, bivugwa ko ruzatwara hagati y’amadolari miliyoni 250 na miliyoni 300 z'amadorali. Hafi ya 8 yu butaka burasabwa gukora umurima wa nucleus, hamwe nabahinzi-borozi batanga ibisigaye bisabwa. Uruganda rukora amashanyarazi rufitemegawate zigera 25 birateganijwe. Ubushobozi bwo kubyaza umusaruro iki kigo gishya buteganijwe kuri toni zigera kuri 100.000 metrike buri mwaka. <ref name="Up">{{Cite web |last=Ntirenganya |first=Emmanuel |date=8 August 2016 |title=Mauritian investors to construct sugar factory in Eastern Province |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/202415/ |access-date=24 October 2017 |location=Kigali}}</ref> == Reba kandi == * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubukungu bw'u Rwanda]] * [[Ubukungu bw'U Rwanda|Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://constructionreviewonline.com/2016/08/sugar-processing-factory-in-rwanda-to-be-constructed/ Uruganda rutunganya isukari mu Rwanda ruzubakwa] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] eff8yv87bvty0ozlqz07w25vrx4kugj 0 10214 140517 137645 2026-09-30T09:28:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140517 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Dorothée Munyaneza at Zürcher Theatre Spektakel 2025 03.jpg|thumb|Dorothée Munyaneza 2025]] '''Dorothée Munyaneza''' (wavutse 1982) ni umuririmbyi, umukinnyi wa filime, umubyinnyi wo mu [[bwongereza]] ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]]. Yagaragaye mu bice bibiri bya filimi, ''Samedi Détente'' na ''Unwanted'', byombi bijyanye na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu Rwanda muri 1994<ref name="NYT" />. == Ubuzima bwite == [[Dosiye:Canterbury Christ Church University - geograph.org.uk - 2910976.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Cantervuty Christ, Munyaneza yizeho ibijyanye numuziki]] Munyaneza yavukiye i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref name="NYT">https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/19/arts/dance/dorothee-munyaneza-unwanted-rwanda.html</ref> Se ni umuvugabutumwa, naho nyina ni umunyamakuru. <ref name="Provence">https://www.laprovence.com/article/sorties-loisirs/4498002/la-resiliente.html</ref> Munyaneza n'umuryango we bavuye i Kigali mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]], igihe Munyaneza yari afite imyaka 12. <ref name="NYT" /> Nyina yakoraga mu muryango utegamiye kuri Leta, bityo akaba yarashoboye kurinda umuryango we, ndetse abona inzira ijyera i Londres mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]]. <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="CR">{{Cite web |url=https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza/Content?oid=58806676 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2021-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507002043/https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza/Content?oid=58806676 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Liberation">{{Cite web |url=https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2015/01/19/dorothee-munyaneza-une-danseuse-de-haut-volt_1184051 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2020-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201115012611/https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2015/01/19/dorothee-munyaneza-une-danseuse-de-haut-volt_1184051 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Munyaneza yize muri Lycée Français Charles de Gaulle . Mu gihe yigaga yahuye na Christine Sigwart washinze Jonas Foundation, umuryango utabara imbabare ugamije guhuza abana babimukira n'imiryango yabo. akunda umuziki, kuko yize umuziki muri Jonas Foundation. <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="Point">http://www.lepoint.fr/culture/dorothee-munyaneza-choregraphe-chanteuse-et-rescapee-du-genocide-du-rwanda-07-07-2017-2141275_3.php#xtmc=dorothee-munyaneza&xtnp=1&xtcr=1</ref> Munyaneza yize umuziki n'ubumenyi mbonezamubano muri kaminuza ya Canterbury Christ . <ref name="CB">https://www.culturebot.org/2017/09/27508/refusing-to-bow-down-dorothee-munyaneza-speaks-about-unwanted/</ref> Ubu atuye i Marseille, mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]], <ref name="Provence" /> <ref name="CB" /> kandi afite umwana w'umukobwa. <ref name="Liberation" /> == Umwuga == Munyaneza yatewe inkunga no gukora ku ngingo ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda muri 1994 nyuma yo kubona ibyegeranyo kuri iyo ngingo, cyane cyane iyanditswe na Thierry Michel ivuga ku bikorwa bya Denis Mukwege . <ref name="FC">{{Cite web |url=http://frenchculture.org/performing-arts/6181-dorothee-munyaneza-about-unwanted |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2019-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714153626/http://frenchculture.org/performing-arts/6181-dorothee-munyaneza-about-unwanted |url-status=dead }}</ref> Munyaneza niwe wakoze amajwi ya firime ya ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' . Yatangiye ari umuririmbyi n'umwanditsi w'inkuru muri firime, ariko nyuma atangira kubyina muburyo busa nuburyo yabyinnye akiri umwana mu [[Rwanda]]. Yakoranye na François Verret [ fr ], Robyn Orlin, Rachid Ouramdane [ fr ], Nan Goldin, Mark Tompkins, Ko Murobushi na Alain Buffard [ fr ] <ref name="NYT" /> <ref name="RFI">http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20161106-dorothee-munyaneza-rediffusion</ref> Nkumuririmbyi, yashyize ahagaragara alubumu ye ya mbere wenyine muri 2010, yakozwe na Martin Russell . Muri 2012, yakoranye n'umwongereza James Seymour Brett gukora alubumu ''Earth Songs'' . <ref name="CB" /> Muri 2013, yagaragaye mu gitaramo cya Rachid Ouramdane i Rennes, mu Bufaransa. Mu gitaramo, yavuze amazina y'Abanyalijeriya bishwe mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Paris mu 1961 . <ref name="Liberation" /> Muri 2014, Munyaneza yakoze filimi ''Samedi Détente'' (kuruhuka kuwagatandatu). Yibanze kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], uburyo abantu 1000000 bapfuye mu minsi 100, <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/16/theater/review-samedi-detente-looks-back-at-the-horrors-of-rwanda.html?_r=0&module=inline</ref> n'ubunararibonye bwe kuri jenoside. <ref name="FT">https://www.ft.com/content/28e90f9a-de86-11e7-a0d4-0944c5f49e46</ref> Igikorwa cyatangiriye i Nîmes, mu [[Bufaransa]]. <ref>https://culturebox.francetvinfo.fr/theatre/samedi-detente-une-piece-de-dorothee-munyaneza-pour-dire-le-genocide-rwandais-255527</ref> Muri 2017, yakoze ''Unwanted'', filimi ye ya kabiri ijyanye na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]. Igikorwa cyagaragayemo Alain Mahé  <ref name="NYT" /> ''Unwanted'' ifite intego yibanze kubagore bafashwe kungufu nabana babo batwite. Munyaneza yerekanye ''Unwanted'' mu iserukiramuco rya d'Avignon 2017, <ref name="Monde">https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2017/03/29/de-paris-a-kigali-l-art-fait-le-printemps_5102760_3212.html#zFI1V0CjwKwcGUCd.99</ref> <ref name="RFI2">http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20170709-festival-avignon-2017-unwanted-dorothee-munyaneza</ref> <ref name="Liberation2">{{Cite web |url=https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2017/07/13/dorothee-munyaneza-au-choeur-des-tenebres_1583699 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-01 |archive-date=2019-07-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714153615/https://next.liberation.fr/theatre/2017/07/13/dorothee-munyaneza-au-choeur-des-tenebres_1583699 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ndetse no muri Festival d'automne à Paris [ fr ] <ref name="FT" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abakinnyi ba firime]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 21jus2hzp6jup2a2gzblufdpicsgfqn 0 10226 140518 138116 2026-09-30T09:28:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140518 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge|Anne Marie Kantengwa}} '''Anne-Marie Kantengwa''' yavutse 1953 i Jabana mu mugi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . ni umucuruzi kandi yahoze ahagarariye [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Rwanda Patriotic Front]] (FPR) mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] . Anne Marie nmuyobozi mukuru wa [[Hoteli chez Lando|Hoteli Chez Lando]] ifite icyicaro i Remera.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/politiki/article/mushikiwabo-yatangiye-urugendo-rumuganisha-ku-buyobozi-bwa-oif |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514052356/https://igihe.com/politiki/article/mushikiwabo-yatangiye-urugendo-rumuganisha-ku-buyobozi-bwa-oif |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/louise-mushikiwabo-ni-muntu-ki</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/kantengwa-yahawe-igihembo-mpuzamahanga-ku-bwo-guteza-imbere-hotel-chez-lando |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2021-12-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211206210107/https://igihe.com/ubukungu/ishoramari/article/kantengwa-yahawe-igihembo-mpuzamahanga-ku-bwo-guteza-imbere-hotel-chez-lando |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>http://allafrica.com/stories/200807100160.html</ref> == Ibihembo == yegukanye igihembo cya 2021 cyo guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umugore bitewe n’uruhare runini yagize nk'umuyobozi wa hoteli mu myaka makumyabiri n'itanu ishize. Yahebwe n'Ikigo cy'Abanyamerika gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu ku bagore (IEEW), igihembo gishimangira abagore babaye igipimo cy'impinduka muri sosiyete zabo.Yatoranijwe ku isi yose kubera ubuyobozi bwe muri hoteri no kuvugurura no kunoza ibintu nyuma yuko hoteri yari imaze gusenywa burundu na jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/chez-lando-kantengwa-scoops-global-economic-prize</ref><ref name=":0" /> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Anne Marie Kantengwa ni umwe mu barokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]], <ref name="auto">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101970</ref> Muri Jenoside yabuze ababyeyi, umugabo, abavandimwe ndetse n'abana. <ref name="auto" /> == Amakuru ya Chez Lando == Iyi hoteli ifite inyenyeri enye, yubatswe na murumuna we Landouard Ndasingwa, bakunze kwita Lando, wishwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. kuya 2 Nyakanga 2016 nibwo hotel ya chez lando yahiye igakongoka, aho hahiye ibyumba binini byose bikorerwamo inama, aho byatewe no kwitegura inama zari ziri kwitegurwa. <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101970</ref> == Inama == Umuntu wese warokotse agomba kumenya ko hari impamvu yatumye asigara inyuma. Niba dukunda kandi twubaha abo dukunda twabuze, noneho ni inshingano zacu kubatwarira ibendera ku isi <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/101970</ref>arongera ati :Mubushake bw'Imana abakoze icyaha bose hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa mubyaha, iki nicyo gihe cyo kumenya ko guhakana itsembabwoko ryakorewe abatutsi bitazaba igisubizo kuko nibindi bihugu nka [[Kanada]] bitagishobora kureka abantu nkabo babaho kubutaka bwabo.<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/chez-lando-kantengwa-scoops-global-economic-prize</ref><ref>https://www.wikiwand.com/rw/Louise_Mushikiwabo</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore mu bucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] bdi2mzyzdg3kpr2bvfk9v10qztdifta 0 10233 140519 137428 2026-09-30T09:28:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140519 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Databox|excludeProperties=Q39859866}} '''Mukamulisa Marie Thérèse''' ( yavutse ku ya 29 Kamena 1965) ni umunyamategeko w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] ukora mu rukiko [[Afurika|nyafurika]] rurengera [[uburenganzira bwa muntu]] n'abaturage kuva muri 2016<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.igihe.com/rwanda-des-departs-et-des-entrees-a-la-cour.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2020-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928222228/https://fr.igihe.com/rwanda-des-departs-et-des-entrees-a-la-cour.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == [[Dosiye:Université de Moncton, campus de Shippagan.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya Moncton]] Mukamulisa yavukiye i [[Kigali]] ku ya 29 Kamena 1965. <ref name="bio">{{Cite web |url=http://judiciary.gov.rw/about-us/supreme_court_justices/justice_mukamulisa_marie_therese.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-10-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171031132305/http://judiciary.gov.rw/about-us/supreme_court_justices/justice_mukamulisa_marie_therese.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="profile">{{Cite web |url=http://en.african-court.org/index.php/judges/current-judges |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-11-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171115082548/http://en.african-court.org/index.php/judges/current-judges |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afite impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko yakuye muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] (1990) n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'amategeko rusange yakuye muri kaminuza ya Moncton i New Brunswick, muri [[Kanada]] (1993). <ref name="bio" /> <ref name="profile" /> Afite Masters mu bushakashatsi bwa Jenoside no kuyikumira yakuye mu kigo gishinzwe gucunga amakimbirane muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]]. <ref name="profile" /> == Umwuga == Mukamulisa yari umucungamari n'umubitsi mu mushinga wo gukora iperereza ku buhinzi bashingiye ku mibare. Yabaye umuyobozi ushinzwe ubwishingizi bw'imodoka muri Sonarwa hamwe n’umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w’umuryango utegamiye kuri leta CCOAIB. Mukamulisa yari umwe mu bakomiseri cumi na babiri bateguye Itegeko nshinga ry'u [[Rwanda]] nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]], kandi yabaye umwarimu mu mategeko muri [[kaminuza y'u Rwanda]]. <ref name="profile" /> Mukamulisa yagizwe umucamanza w'urukiko rw'Ikirenga mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2003. Yavuze ku ngorane abagore bahura nazo mu nzego z’ubutabera, cyane cyane ku ihohoterwa rikorerwa abana no gufata ku ngufu, bitewe n’umuco n’uburinganire buri hasi. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wfwmarketingimages.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/files/RWpaper.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915114219/http://wfwmarketingimages.womenforwomen.org/news-women-for-women/files/RWpaper.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2015, yabaye umwe mu bagize inama nkuru y'Ubucamanza y'u [[Rwanda]]. Ni n'umwe mu bagize ihuriro mpuzamahanga rya International Hague Network of Judges. Mukamulisa yatorewe manda y'imyaka itandatu mu rukiko [[Afurika|nyafurika]] rushinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu hamwe na Ntyam Mengue ukomoka uri [[Kameruni|Kameroni]] muri Nyakanga 2016. <ref>http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/203317</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukamulisa-agiye-kurahirira-kuba-umucamanza-mu-rukiko-rw-uburenganzira-bwa |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-09-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170915114012/http://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukamulisa-agiye-kurahirira-kuba-umucamanza-mu-rukiko-rw-uburenganzira-bwa |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ishyirwaho rye ryanenzwe kubera icyemezo cy’u [[Rwanda]] cyo kuva mu kwemerera abantu n’imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta kujuririra mu rukiko, ndetse no kuba Mukamulisa yaragize uruhare mu itsinda ry’abacamanza bakatiye umunyapolitiki utavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi Victoire Ingabire Umuhoza, wajuririye uru urukiko muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>http://l-hora.org/?p=1276&lang=ca</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ijrcenter.org/2016/03/14/rwanda-withdraws-access-to-african-court-for-individuals-and-ngos/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-02 |archive-date=2017-12-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171230105223/http://www.ijrcenter.org/2016/03/14/rwanda-withdraws-access-to-african-court-for-individuals-and-ngos/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20170915114135/http://www.therwandan.com/blog/the-rwandan-state-has-boycotted-the-african-court-on-human-and-peoples-rights-in-case-no-0032014-which-opposes-it-to-ms-victoire-ingabire-umuhoza-president-of-the-fdu-inkingi/</ref> Mukamulisa yabaye kandi mu Nama Nkuru y'Ubucamanza mu Rwanda kuva muri 2015, ndetse akaba n'umwe mu bagize imiyoboro mpuzamahanga yo mu karere ndetse no ku rwego mpuzamahanga y'abacamanza nk'umuryango mpuzamahanga w'i La Haye mu buholandi ya (IHNJ), Yabaye umucamanza w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rw'u Rwanda kuva mu 2003. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/lady-justice-marie-therese-mukamulisa-rwanda/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-08-12 |archive-date=2023-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230607100654/https://www.african-court.org/wpafc/lady-justice-marie-therese-mukamulisa-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Amategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 8gwe8rst10jgyllpflxfka32gpbioih 0 10259 140520 130859 2026-09-30T09:28:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140520 wikitext text/x-wiki {{merge|Ilibagiza Immaculée}} [[Dosiye:Immacule Illibagiza 2007.jpg|thumb|Immaculée Ilibagiza ]] [[Dosiye:2012-06-09 Ilibagiza + Ramsey at Lipscomb.jpg|thumb|Ilibagiza na Ramsey muri Lipscomb 2012]] '''Immaculée Ilibagiza''' (wavutse 1972) mu [[Rwanda]] <ref name="BIO">{{Cite web |url=http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/immaculee-ilibagiza |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2018-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812030026/http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/immaculee-ilibagiza |url-status=dead }}</ref> ni umunyarwandakazi wamamaye mu kwandika ibitabo. == Ubuzima bwite == Immaculée Ilibagiza yize ibijyanye n’ubuhanga mu bya elegitoroniki n’ubukanishi hanyuma ahabwa impamyabumenyi ya dogiteri na kaminuza ya Saint John (New York) <ref name="HH">http://www.hayhouse.com/left-to-tell-7?/fund</ref> .Ni umwanditsi akaba n'umuvugizi w'amahoro, kwizera n'imbabazi <ref name="HMS">http://www.humanitysteam.fr/IMMACULEE-ILIBAGIZA_a295.html</ref>Igitabo cye cya mbere, ''Left to Tell: Discovering God Amidst the Rwandan Holocaust'' (2006) (yacyanditse mugifaransa : Igitangaza [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|.]] [[1994|_]] Aguma yihishe iminsi 91, hamwe n’abandi bagore barindwi, mu bwiherero buto, yihishe mu cyumba cyihishe mu kabati mu nzu y’umushumba w’umuhutu Nzabahimana <ref name="TNYT">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E0DA1F30F935A25757C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&&scp=2&sq=immaculee&st=cse</ref> . Mu gihe cya jenoside, benshi mu bagize umuryango wa Immaculée Ilibagiza bishwe [[Interahamwe|n’interahamwe]] . : nyina, ise na barumuna be Damascene na Vianney. We na murumuna we Aimable ni bo barokotse bonyine. : Aimable yigaga muri [[Senegali]] kandi ntabwo yari azi ko genocide ikomeje. Mu gitabo cye, Immaculée Ilibagiza asobanura uburyo imyizerere ye Gatolika yamuyoboye mu ngorane. Asangiye imbabazi n'impuhwe abicanyi bo mumuryango we.Agaragara kumurongo wa tereviziyo ya rubanda muri gahunda ya Wayne Dyer ariko nanone Ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2006 muri gahunda Iminota 60 (reba Ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2007 ) <ref name="CBS">http://www.cbsnews.com/news/rwandan-genocide-survivor-recalls-horror/</ref> .Immaculée Ilibagiza atanga ubuhamya ku isi yose kandi ahabwa igihembo cya Mahatma Gandhi kubera Ubwiyunge n'Amahoro mu 2007. Kugira ngo ahunge jenoside, yimukiye [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] mu 1994 maze aba umunyamerika ufite ubwenegihugu muri 2013 <ref name="HUFF">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/18/happy-photos-2013_n_4427777.html?1387728258&</ref> . Immaculate Ilibagiza yashakanye na Bryan Black, Umunyamerika ukorera [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|Umuryango w’abibumbye]] ku byaha by’intambara mu Rwanda. Bryan ni Umuyobozi wungirije ushinzwe umutekano ku cyicaro cya Loni <ref name="TNYT2">https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F05E0DA1F30F935A25757C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&&scp=2&sq=immaculee&st=cse</ref> Akora nk'umufasha muri gahunda y’iterambere ry’umuryango w’abibumbye <ref name="TNYT2" /> i [[New York]] maze ashinga umusingi ( ''Immaculee's Health Mission'' ) wo gufasha abana b’imfubyi n’abazize intambara <ref name="AFRI">http://www.africultures.com/php/index.php?nav=personne&no=18895</ref> . Iki kigega cyakusanyije arenga 200 000  y’impfubyi mu [[Rwanda]] <ref name="TNYT2" /> == Imirimo == * ''Igitangaza : kuvumbura Imana mu mutima wa jenoside yo mu Rwanda'', hamwe na Steve Erwin, [[nasomye]], 2006 * ''Bikira Mariya wa Kibeho : bivuye ku mutima wa Afurika, Marie avugana n'isi yose'', hamwe na Steeve Erwin, Escalquens, [[Varennes (Quebec)|Varennes]], 2010 * ''Kuva Mubiteye ubwoba Kubabarira : ubuhamya bw'uwarokotse mu Rwanda'', [[Inyandiko za Artege|Artège]], 2010 * ''Uruzinduko ruva mwijuru'', 2010 * ''Umuhungu wahuye na Yesu: Segatashya Emmanuel wa Kibeho'', hamwe na Steeve Erwin, 2012 * ''Rozari: Isengesho ryarokoye ubuzima bwanjye'', hamwe na Steve Erwin, 2014 == Amashakiro == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore]] 3u2p31breo9p17tbdlkz5m3g4lb5jdc 0 10262 140521 136508 2026-09-30T09:28:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140521 wikitext text/x-wiki Isabelle Sarah Kabano ni umunyarwandazi wavukiye mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi cyi [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mu mujyi wa [[Bujumbura]] kuko ari ababyeyi be bari batuye mu buhungiro akaba ari umukinnyi wa filimi ndetse ni umunyamakuru wa [[Rwanda|Radio Rwanda]] ndetse na Radio 10<ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2157503/</ref> == Isabelle sarah Kabano == ni umunyamakuru wa [[Rwanda|Radio Rwanda]] na Radio 10 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2000 yamamaye cyane muri filimi yagiye agiramo uruhare Rutandukanye nko gukina n'ibindi.<ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2021/07/14/isabelle-kabano-le-rwanda-a-fleur-de-peau_6088271_3212.html</ref> Kabano yavutse mu mwaka wi 1974 avukira mu gihugu cy'abaturanyi i [[Uburundi|Burundi]] aho ababyeyi be bari bari mu buhungiro nyuma yaho baje kwimukira i [[Kinshasa]] muri <ref>https://www.lanuitrwandaise.org/isabelle-kabano-le-rwanda-a-fleur,15899.html?lang=fr</ref> [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|Repuburika iharanira demokarasi ya Congo.]] gusa naho ntago bahatinze kuko baje kwimukira mu mujyi wa [[Goma|Goma.]] == Amateka n'imibereho == Isabelle Kabano yakuze akunda ibintu bijyanye no gukina amakinamico kuko na papa we umubyara yari umukinnyi<ref>https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/couleurs-tropicales/20220421-semaine-sp%C3%A9ciale-rwanda-episode-3-avec-isabelle-kabano</ref> w'ikinamico numuyobozi w'ihuriro ryabakina ikinamico ndetse na Nyina umubyara wari umuririmbyi,nyuma y'urugamba rutoroshye rwo guhagarika [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda]] nibwo Kabano n'umuryango we bafashe icyemezo cyo kugaruka mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] Kabano kandi yakomeje kwihugura ibijyane no gukina amakinamico mu cyahoze ari [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|Kaminuza nkuru yu Rwanda]] Isabelle Sarah Kabano kandi uretse kuba yarakiniye muri Patit Pays ni nawe wari umukinnyi wimena muri iyo filim yari ikubiye mu gitabo cyanditswe na Gael Fae numwe mu bakinnyi ba film b'igitsina gore bakomeye mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.allocine.fr/personne/fichepersonne_gen_cpersonne=899333.html</ref> == Imirimo ye == Kabano nyuma yo kuba umunyamakuru yaje kugirirwa ikizere cyo kuyobora ikinyamakuru cy'ikigo k'igihugu RwandAir<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/actress-kabano-speaks-out-her-first-international-award</ref> Isabelle Kabano yagize uruhare runini mu ma filimi atandukanye harimo nkiyo yakinnye yiswe PETIT PAYS nyuma yo gusoma igitabo cy'iyo nkuru y'umwanditsi GAEL FAYE muri 2003 kandi nabwo yagarageye muri filimi bise SHAKE HANDS ya [[Kanada|RANDOM HOUSE CANADA]]. Muri 2005 kandi yagaragaye mu y'indi filimi bise Iminsi Micye muri Mata yakozwe n'Abanyamerica bavuga ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Mata 1994 mu Rwanda nyuma yaho nk'imyaka 2 agaragara kandi muri filimi bise Zone turquoise ndetse n'izindi nyinshi zitandukanye. == Ibihembo == Kabano kandi yagiye atsindira ibihembo byinshi bitandukanye harimo nkicyo yatsindiye cy'umukinnyi mwiza muri <ref>https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2157503/</ref> film bise petit pays muri fesitivale [[Paris|francophone d'Agoulement i PARIS]] mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] ku nshuro yayo ya 13 akaba ari [[Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga|iserukiramuco]] rya sinema ngarukamwaka ryibanda cyane mu kumenyekanisha ama filimi y'igifaransa kuruta ayandi. ku isi mu bihugu bikoresha [[Igifaransa|ururimi rw'igifaransa.]]<ref>https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1026862/culture/petit-pays-isabelle-kabano-en-interpretant-yvonne-je-suis-devenue-folle/</ref> == Amashakiro; == h8ggo90py4i0xxtyus8lyuh0ufp45xw 0 10268 140522 139674 2026-09-30T09:28:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140522 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Christine Tuyisenge ni umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa w' inama nkuru y' abagore.Akaba ari umubyeyi wishimye ufite abana babiri.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81129</ref> == Ubuzima bwe nibyo akunda gukora == '''ikintu cya mbere Christine akora mugitondo akibyuka ni isengesho kubera ko ariryo rimutangirira umunsi''' '''ashimishwa no gutanga ubufasha kubantu bamukeneye.akunda no kwita kubantu kubera ko ari mubintu yibukiraho ababyeyi be.''' '''Christine ubuzima bwa mwigishije kwihangana,akaba agira ubwoba bwo kutuzuza inshigano ze nkuko bikwiye mu gihe yumva yakangobye gukora ibirenze yagakwiye gukora,''' '''akaba atinya itsinzwi cyangwa gutsindwa.Nyuma y'akazi akunda gusoma ibitabo.'''<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/81129</ref> == Amateka == '''Umunyamategeko Christine Tuyisenge wamaze hafi imyaka 15 aharanira uburenganzira bw' umugore n' abana mu [[Rwanda]] abicishije mu muryango udaharanira inyungu witwa Haguruka. Christine yagize uruhare mu guhindura amategeko avangura, ndetse yafashaga gushinga icumbi ku bagore bahohotewe, no guhuza ubufasha mu by' amategeko.Kuva 2008 , aho Christine yabaye visi perezida wa komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi.christine yahoze aharanira inyungu z' umugore n' iterambere ry' umugore mu gihugu; mbese kuva mu mudugudu kugeza mu gihugu urwego.'''<ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/2017/07/08/8-rwandan-women-rising/</ref> === Indanganturo: === <references /> 189n7jbwwqp9xp4arigrvo9cyz24p9d 0 10322 140523 138548 2026-09-30T09:28:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140523 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Godelieve Mukasarasi.jpg|thumb|'''Godeliève Mukasarasi''']] '''Godeliève Mukasarasi''' (wavutse 1959) ni [[Rwanda|umunyarwandakazi]] uharanira imibereho myiza n'iterambere ry'icyaro . <ref name="RD">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Centre_for_Human_Rights_and_Democratic_Development</ref> Yashinze umuryango Sevota kugirango abapfakazi abahuze n'abana babo nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]]. <ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20200217165703/http://sevota.org/</ref> Muri 2018 yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cy'abagore bakoze ibikorwa by'ubutwari. == Amavu n'amavuko == Mukasarasi yavukiye i Gitarama, mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]], ari naho yagiye gukora nk'umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza. Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe [[abatutsi]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] muri 1994, yashinze itsinda ryitwa SEVOTA, itsinda rishinzwe gufasha abapfakazi n'imfubyi kugira ngo bateze imbere uburenganzira bwabo mu mibereho n'ubukungu. <ref name="RD" /> Uyu muryango ushimangira ko hashyirwaho "ahantu hizewe" ibiganiro byabacitse ku icumu no kwidagadura ku bana, bibanze cyane kuri komini ya Taba . <ref name="RD" /> <ref>https://www.un.org/preventgenocide/rwanda/photogal/godelieve/dest/pages/n_.shtml</ref> Muri 1996, umugabo we, Emmanuel Rudasingwa n'umukobwa we bishwe n'umutwe witwaje intwaro. Mu buhamya yatanze kubashinzwe iperereza ku burenganzira bwa muntu, Mukasarasi yavuze ko icyo gitero cyatewe nabari barahunze igihugu, mu rwego rwo kwihorera ku biganiro umugabo we yagiranye n'abahagarariye urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha mu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="Walsh">https://web.archive.org/web/20111004023803/http://www.womensrightscoalition.org/site/advocacyDossiers/rwanda/witnessProtection/report_en.php</ref> . Yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cy'abagore bakoze ibikorwa by'ubutwari. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://td.usembassy.gov/2018-international-women-courage-award-recipients/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2018-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180624022022/https://td.usembassy.gov/2018-international-women-courage-award-recipients/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Godelieve Mukasarasi with Melania Trump at the 2018 International Women of Courage Award.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi with Melania Trump at the 2018 International Women of Courage Award]] == Kumenyekana == [[Dosiye:Godelieve Mukasarasi speaks at IWOC 2018.jpg|thumb|Godelieve Mukasarasi avuga ijambo muri IWOC 2018]] Ibikorwa bya Mukasarasi byatsindiye ibindi bihembo mu gihugu ndetse n’amahanga. Mu Kwakira 1996, yahawe igihembo cyo guhanga ihuriro ry'abagore mu buzima bwo mu cyaro na Fondation y'abagore ku isi, <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.woman.ch/june09/women/laureates00-94/1996-MukasarasiGodelieve.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2012-03-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322232014/http://www.woman.ch/june09/women/laureates00-94/1996-MukasarasiGodelieve.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> kandi yahawe igihembo cya Nzambazamariya Vénéranda, igihembo cyo mu [[Rwanda]] ku muntu ku giti cye uteza imbere isura nziza ku bagore. Mu 2004, yahawe igihembo cy’ubwisanzure cya John Humphrey cy’ikigo mpuzamahanga gishinzwe uburenganzira bwa muntu n’iterambere rya demokarasi, yaje kugihabwa n’amafaranga $ 30 000 kandi yemerera Mukasarasi kujya gutembera mu mijyi yo muri [[Kanada]] kugira ngo ateze imbere umurimo we. <ref name=":0">https://web.archive.org/web/20110426003333/http://www.ichrdd.ca/site/humphrey_award/index.php?subsection=&lang=en</ref> Umuyobozi w'inama y'ubutegetsi ya Centre, Kathleen Mahoney, mu itangazo rigenewe abanyamakuru yavuze ko “kubera ubutwari bwe, ishyaka rye ndetse n'ubwitange bwe butajegajega, [Mukasarasi] yashoboye kugirirwa icyizere n'abahohotewe ku ngufu n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina, cyane cyane abagore banduye virusi itera SIDA. -AIDS, maze abafasha byinshi harimo no gufasha abo bagore kubona ubutabera<ref name=":0" />. " Odina Desrochers yashimye Mukasarasi mu nteko ishinga amategeko ya [[Kanada]] mu izina rya Bloc Québécois kubera uruhare yagize mu gucecekesha no kwandika ibyaha by’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina akabishyikiriza urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha rw’u [[Rwanda]]. " <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odina_Desrochers</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] 5291d7m0zbt9guduclo4zlflwc3fohh 0 10323 140524 137436 2026-09-30T09:28:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140524 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Mukazayire Nelly''', ni impuguke mu by'ubukungu mu [[Rwanda]] akaba n'umuyobozi wungirije wa RDB guhera muri werurwe 2023 [https://rdb.rw/about-rdb/#senior-management]. Mbere yaho yari umuyobozi wa Biro y’ u Rwanda ishinzwe inama mpuzamahanga cg Rwanda Convention Bureau, ishami [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|ry’Inama ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] . <ref name="1R">https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kagame-reshuffles-cabinet</ref> . Yabaye umuyobozi mukuru wungirije, mu biro bya perezida w’u [[Rwanda]]. Kandi mbere yibyo, yari umujyanama mukuru w'umuyobozi mukuru mubiro bya perezida. Mbere yuko agera mu biro bya perezida, yabaye umushakashatsi wa politiki mu ishami ry'ubukungu mu biro bya minisitiri w’intebe. <ref name="2R">http://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/pdf/rwanda_programme_2016_7april_final.pdf</ref> == Ubuzima bwambere n'uburere == Nelly Mukazayire yavutse ku babyeyi b'[[Abanyarwanda]] mu [[Rwanda]] murii1982. <ref name="3R">https://umuvugizi.wordpress.com/2016/04/13/nelly-mukazayire-being-a-child-of-a-genocidaire-she-is-a-living-testimony-of-the-new-rwanda/</ref> Yize amashuri mu [[Rwanda]] abanza nayisumbuye. Afite impamyabumenyi ya Bachelor of Science mu bukungu mpuzamahanga<ref>https://www.minisports.gov.rw/about-1</ref> .Afite kandi impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu micungire ya Politiki y'Ubukungu . Igitabo kimwe cyizewe kivuga ko impamyabumenyi ihanitse yakuye muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi [[Ubugande|cya Uganda]] . Indi soko yizewe ivuga ko impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga yatanzwe na kaminuza yo [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]] . <ref name="4R">http://andrewmwendasblog.blogspot.com/2013/08/rwandas-intriguing-experience.html</ref> == Umwuga == Byinshi mubikorwa bye, Nelly Mukazayire yakoze nk'umuyobozi wo hejuru muri guverinoma ya nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu ivugurura [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|ry’abaminisitiri]] mu Kwakira 2018, yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru wa Biro y’amasezerano y’u [[Rwanda]], ishami rya leta. <ref name="5R">http://ktpress.rw/2018/10/rwanda-gets-new-50-50-gender-cabinet-fewer-ministers/</ref> Kuri ubu, ari ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w’igihugu kandi atanga raporo ku buryo butaziguye kwa [[Clare Akamanzi]], Umuyobozi mukuru [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|w’Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] RDB, umwanya w’inama y’abaminisitiri. <ref name="6R">{{Cite web |url=https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-04 |archive-date=2019-04-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190411052702/https://taarifa.rw/2018/10/23/new-ceo-for-rwanda-convention-bureau-takes-over/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igice cye gifite inshingano zo gushyira mu bikorwa politiki yo guteza imbere no kwagura " Ibitekerezo, Inama n’imurikagurisha" (MICE) bya guverinoma y’u [[Rwanda]]. Icyo gice cy’ubukerarugendo cyari gifite 15 ku ijana byinjira mu bukerarugendo, bingana na miliyoni 42 z’amadolari [[Amerika|y’Amerika]] muri 2017, kandi biteganijwe ko biziyongera kugera kuri miliyoni 74$ muri 2018. <ref name="6R" /> == Ibindi bitekerezo == Nelly Mukazayire yari afite imyaka 12 mu 1994 igihe Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] yabaga. Nyina wa Nelly Mukazayire yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu azira ko yagize uruhare muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994]], n'urukiko rwa Gacaca.<ref name="3R" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi mukuru]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 227nyr88nof9ffiwoli0ug9cq7el5v4 0 10342 140525 140069 2026-09-30T09:28:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140525 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Maggy Corrêa''' ni umwanditsi w'ibitabo ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]] ariko utuye mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]]. Yanditse ibitabo nka''Tutsie, etc.'' (1998) yanditse igitabo avuga uburyo yakijije nyina muri jenoside yakorewe [[abatutsi]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] muri Nyakanga 1994. <ref name="Favre">https://crossworks.holycross.edu/pf/vol69/iss1/3/</ref> <ref name="RoccaReeds2013">https://books.google.com/books?id=ZFQv1Cnm3kMC</ref> == Ubuzima == Corrêa yavukiye mu [[Rwanda]], <ref name="SH">https://www.editions-saint-honore.com/brand/maggy-correa/</ref> kuri se ukomoka muri Porutugali na nyina [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwanda]]. <ref name="Volet">https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CorreaMaggyEng.html </ref> yize mu [[Rwanda]], [[Kongo]] no mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]]. <ref name="SH" /> corrêa yabaye muri Valais mubusuwisi imyaka irenga makumyabiri. Yashinze kandi ayobora ishuri ry'imbyino imyaka icumi mbere yo kuba umunyamakuru wigenga, yandikira ''Le Nouveau Quotidien'', ''Le Temps'' na ''Le Nouvelliste''. Yakoze kandi nk;umunyamakuru wa radiyo kuri Radio Rhône Valais akaba nuwa televiziyo ya Radio Télévision Suisse. <ref>https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no00044578.html</ref> Yerekanye ''Vanille Fraise'', yakoraga gahunda y'iminota 25 mu cyumweru irimo umukino w'ubumenyi rusange kubijyanye nigitsina, kuva yatangizwa mu Gushyingo 1993 kugeza Gashyantare 1994. <ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Suisse</ref> Muri Gicurasi 1994, Corrêa yagerageje gukurura ibitekerezo kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] hamwe n'ikinyamakuru cyo mu Busuwisi ''Le Nouveau Quotidien''. Yabaye indorerezi [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|y’umuryango w’abibumbye]] mu ngoro y’igihugu i Geneve. Muri Nyakanga 1994, "yahisemo guhangana n'ibibazo byose byo kujya mu [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi kugira ngo agerageze gukiza nyina; igitabo cye ''Tutsie, etc.'' (1998) ni inkuru y'uru rugendo rudasanzwe"<ref>https://ibukamontargois.files.wordpress.com/2009/12/biblio_filmo.doc</ref>.<ref>https://academicinfluence.com/people/maggy-correa</ref> Igitabo cye cyo mu mwaka wa 2018 ''À la lueur de la lampe-tempête'' (1998) kivuga amateka y'impamo ya Mario Augusto de Jesus du Valle Correia (Mario Corrêa), mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 yarekuye rwihishwa abacakara ijana mu bukoloni bwa [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] muri [[Angola]]<ref>https://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/CorreaMaggyEng.html</ref><ref>https://hmong.es/wiki/Maggy_Correa</ref> . == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] 6z55c4mozcp6fisr55gyy9pajl3x5rr 0 10345 140526 138810 2026-09-30T09:29:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140526 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:XVIII FdPdM Mukagasana & Falkner.JPG|alt=Yolande MUKAGASANA|thumb|Yolande Mukagasana ni uyu uri ibumoso]] '''Yolande Mukagasana''' (wavutse ku ya 6 Nzeri 1954) ni umwanditsi w[[Rwanda|'umunyarwandakazi]] <ref name="unhcr">http://www.unhcr.org/3b7255132a.html</ref> yandika mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]] . <ref name="uwa">http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/YMukagasanaEng.html</ref>Yabaye umuforomo na anesthetiste ukora mubitaro bya [[Kigali]] . <ref name="uwa" /> Yahungiye mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]; umugabo we, abana be ndetse nabantu benshi yari azi ko bishwe. Mu [[Bubiligi]], impamyabumenyi ye ntiyigeze imenyekana bityo akora mu rugo<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/french-court-decision-was-long-overdue-activists</ref> . Nyuma yaje kurera bamwe mu bishywa be ababyeyi bishwe hamwe n’imfubyi zo mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/fondation-yolande-mukagasana-yamaganye-abifashisha-internet-mu-gupfobya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511085900/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/fondation-yolande-mukagasana-yamaganye-abifashisha-internet-mu-gupfobya |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/yolande-mukagasana |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514043855/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/yolande-mukagasana |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukagasana-yolande-yashinze-umuryango-uzakora-ubushakashatsi-kuri-jenoside-no |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511085859/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukagasana-yolande-yashinze-umuryango-uzakora-ubushakashatsi-kuri-jenoside-no |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Ibikorwa == Mukagasana yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]] ari kumwe n'umufotozi Alain Kazinierakis. bakora icyegeranyo c''yitwa Les Blessures du silence'', inkuru zabatangabuhamya kuri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]]<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/lifestyle/meet-mukagasana-author-inspired-her-genocide-scars</ref>. Bashinze kandi Nyamirambo, point d'appui, umuryango ugamije kwiyubaka. Hamwe nitsinda ry'amakinamico Groupov, yanditse ikinamico ''Rwanda 94''<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/nyuma-yo-kubazwa-byinshi-yolanda-mukagasana-aratanga-ibisubizo.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2022-05-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511085902/https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/nyuma-yo-kubazwa-byinshi-yolanda-mukagasana-aratanga-ibisubizo.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/author-mukagasana-fighting-genocide-personal-responsibility</ref>. Yanditse ibitabo bibiri bya ''La mort ne veut pas de moi'' (1997) na ''N'aie pas peur de savoir'' (1999). Yasohoye kandi icyegeranyo ''cy'inkuru De Bouche à oreille'' (2003). ''La mort ne veut pas de moi'' yahinduwe mucyongereza nka ''Not Time to Die'' by Zoe Norridge muri 2019. Mu 2002, yahawe igihembo cya Golden Dove for Peace Prize yahawe na Archivio Disarmo.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=42642 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2021-01-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210112111553/https://en.igihe.com/spip.php?page=mv2_article&id_article=42642 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=-YDA0AH59ocC&pg=PA4</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] lz1g5h1dbrhb11oykldzr1p2z5cb0fp 0 10353 140527 133731 2026-09-30T09:29:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140527 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Judith Kanakuze''' (yavutse ku ya 19 Nzeri 1959 - yapfuye ku ya 7 Gashyantare 2010) yari umunyapolitiki [[Rwanda|w'u Rwanda]] n'umunyarwandakazi . Yamaze gukora mu nzego nyinshi, zirimo imirire ndetse na serivisi rusange, yabaye umunyapolitiki uzwi nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] mu 1994, aho yabuze abavandimwe benshi <ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> . Kanakuze yashinze ihuriro Réseau des Femmes kandi arengera uburenganzira bw’umugore mu gihe cy’amasezerano ya Arusha . Yatorewe kuba mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|nteko ishinga amategeko y'u Rwanda]] mu 2003 na 2008. Muri mandat ye, yayoboye ''Rwanda Women Parliamentary Forum'' . == Amateka == Judith Kanakuze yavutse19 Nzeri 1959 mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]], mu Rwanda. Yabaye umwarimu imyaka ibiri mu ntangiriro yo mu 1980, nyuma yaje kuba inzobere mu mirire .<ref>https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> Judith akaba yarabuze abavandimwe benshi muri Genocide yakorewe abatutsi 1994 , biciwe mu rusengero rwa Kibuye <ref name="McGreal">https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian</ref> . Nyuma y’amakimbirane, yasubiye mu Rwanda avuye mu nkambi y’impunzi i Goma kugira ngo yugurure ihuriro ry’inguzanyo ry’abagore ry’inzobere mu micungire y’imari ndetse anatanga gahunda yo kwigisha no gukemura amakimbirane. Kanakuze yashinze umuryango w’abagore bo hambere Réseau des Femmes<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Times_(Rwanda)</ref> akaba yari umujyanama mu mpera za 90. Kanakuze yari azwi nk'umuyobozi uharanira uburenganzira bw'umugore mu Rwanda, yatoranijwe kugira ngo akore muri komisiyo ishinzwe itegekonshinga ryo mu 2001 mu rwego rwo guharanira uburinganire.<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadn024</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_facpub/2 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2024-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401092549/https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_facpub/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/17/rwanda-women-politics-humnan-rights</ref>n'umwe mu bagore batatu wari uri ku mwanya w'abantu 12.Yatanze ibitekerezo byinshi bijyanye n’uburinganire mu itegeko nshinga, icy'ingenzi muri byo kikaba cyarashyizeho ibipimo by’uburinganire aho abagore bagomba gushyiraho nibura 30% by’imyanya ku nzego zifata ibyemezo mu Rwanda<ref>https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fafraf%2Fadn024</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_facpub/2 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2024-04-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240401092549/https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/anthro_facpub/2/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/17/rwanda-women-politics-humnan-rights</ref>Imiryango itegamiye kuri leta y’abagore n’abagore ku giti cyabo bongereye Kanakuze kugira ngo bumvishe abandi bagize komisiyo. Abagore bo mu Rwanda batangiye kwinjira muri komite zigenzurwa n’abagabo kandi bamenyekana ku bindi bibazo bitari uburinganire. Kugeza mu 2003, abagore bari bafite kimwe cya kabiri cy'imyanya mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko <ref>https://academic.oup.com/afraf/article/107/428/361/12456?login=false</ref>maze Kanakuze atorerwa umwe muri bo.<ref>https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/experts/judith-kanakuze/</ref> === Ishakiro === <references /> [[Ikiciro:Wikigap]] [[Ikiciro:Women in Politics]] ldrwmjp80n5abzom8ppqdtzbvwhgoct 0 10389 140528 86545 2026-09-30T09:29:05Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140528 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Joy Mukanyange.png|thumb|Joy Mukanyange in 2013]] '''Joy Mukanyange''' n'umudipolomate [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwandakazi]] akaba n'umurwanashyaka kuburenganzira bwa muntu. Yabaye ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] nyuma muri [[Kenya]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/861940 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-07 |archive-date=2022-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220507093619/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/node/861940 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwandan-politicians-who-once-called-the-shots-where-are-they-now--1353442</ref>. == Ubuzima == Joy Mukanyange yakuriye i Gikongoro arerwa n'umuryango urwanya amakimbirane. Nyuma y’ibitero byibasiye abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]] kuko umuryango we wahunze mu 1959 ujya mu nkambi y’impunzi muri [[Uganda]]<ref name="isec">[https://www.inclusivesecurity.org/network-bio/joy-mukanyange/ Joy Muknyange], InclusiveSecrity.org, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref>. Nyuma yimukiye mu majyepfo ya [[Uganda]]. Yagiye muri kaminuza ya Makerere muri [[Uganda]] arangiza afite ubuvanganzo. Mu myaka ya za 1980, yabaye i Nairobi muri [[Kenya]], aho yari umunyamabanga w'ishyirahamwe rya Nyampinga association ryitaga ku mpunzi z'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]].<ref>https://www.therwandan.com/ki/madame-angelique-kantengwa-yishe-itegeko-rya-munyangire/</ref> <ref name="isec" /> Nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]], yabaye Ambasaderi w’u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Tanzaniya]] <ref name="isec"/> kandi yari umuyobozi w’u [[Rwanda]] witabiriye igihano cy’uwahoze ari Minisitiri w’intebe muri Nzeri 1998 [[Jean Kambanda]] . <ref name="lat">[http://articles.latimes.com/1998/sep/05/news/mn-19750 Rwandan Ex-Premier Gets Life Term], Ann M. Simmons, 5 September 1998, LA Times, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> == umwuga == Mu 1999 yabaye Ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda]] muri [[Kenya]] yayoboye kugeza mu 2002. <ref name="isec"/> Mukanyange yahagarariye igihugu cye bihoraho muri UNEP na UNCHS. <ref>[http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20040702061637/http://www.unep.org/ROA/docs/ROA%20news/roa%20news%202edition.pdf A message from the exec director], UNEP, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref> Muri 2014 yatangaje ko hari iterambere ryiza igihugu cye kimaze gutera mu bijyanye no guteza imbere uburinganire. Ibi byari mu nshingano ze nk'umuvugizi w'ubujyanama kuri politike afite icyicaro i [[Kigali]]. yavuze ko Guverinoma y'u [[Rwanda]] igizwe na 64% by'abagore, nubwo iyi mibare ihinduka cyane muri guverinoma. 50% by'ubucamanza ni abagore nubwo ari 30% gusa mu nkiko za Gacaca . 98% by'abagore bo mu [[Rwanda]] bitaweho mbere yo kubyara kandi abakobwa biyandikisha mu mashuri barenze abahungu kandi bombi bari hejuru - kugeza hejuru ya 95%. <ref name="bei">[https://web.archive.org/web/20160414032305/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-06-06/75874/ Beijing declaration: How did Rwanda perform?], Ivan Ngoboka, NewTimes, Retrieved 29 March 2016</ref><ref>http://africarealities.blogspot.com/2014/09/rwandalibre-rwanda-bamwe-mu-banyarwanda.html</ref> == Amashakiro == [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] <references /> [[Ikiciro:Politiki y'urwanda]] hfmrivym5xg10w82soc9i8ntrj15tuq 0 10409 140529 134874 2026-09-30T09:29:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140529 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Scholastique_Mukasonga_-_salon_du_livre_Genève_2012.jpg|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Scholastique_Mukasonga_-_salon_du_livre_Gen%C3%A8ve_2012.jpg|thumb|Scholastique Mukasonga]] [[Dosiye:A Reading & Conversation with Scholastique Mukasonga (48790280628).jpg|thumb|Scholastique Mukasonga muri 2019]] '''Scholastique Mukasonga''' ni umwanditsi wavutse mu 1956 mu cyahoze ari intara ya Gikongoro mu [[Rwanda]] akaba atuye Mu [[Ubufaransa|bufaransa]]<ref>https://inkanga.com/ibyo-wamenya-ku-buzima-bwa-kayitesi-na-mukasonga-bategerejwe-mu-rwanda-bagaragiye-perezida-macron/</ref>. Muri 2012, Yatsindiye ibihembo bya prix Renaudot na prix Ahmadou-Kourouma kubwigitabo cye ''Our Lady of the Nile'' <ref>https://www.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/sinema/article/igitabo-cya-mukasonga-scholastique-cyakinywemo-filime-ishobora-kuzerekanwa-muri</ref>''.'' Usibye kuba uwahataniye igihembo mpuzamahanga cy’ubuvanganzo cy’ubuvanganzo cya [[Dublin]] n’igihembo cy’ibitabo cya Los Angeles Times, Mukasonga yahembwe mu 2014 igihembo cya Seligman cyo kurwanya ivanguramoko ndetse no mu 2015 ahabwa igihembo Société des gens de lettres<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.igihe.com/scholastique-mukasonga-une-litterature-a-l-ombre.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2020-08-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200811161602/https://fr.igihe.com/scholastique-mukasonga-une-litterature-a-l-ombre.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Kuri ubu atuye muri Lower Normandy mu [[Bufaransa]] . <ref name="Garcin">[[Jérôme Garcin|Garcin, Jérôme]]. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150528031004/http://bibliobs.nouvelobs.com/romans/20120410.OBS5808/scholastique-mukasonga-la-pharaonne-noire-du-calvados.html Scholastique Mukasonga, la pharaonne noire du Calvados]" (). ''[[L'Obs]]''. Retrieved on 29 May 2015.</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == [[File:Scholastique Mukasonga - Frankfurt Buchmesse 2014 (15328916880).jpg|thumb|Scholastique Mukasonga - Frankfurt Buchmesse 2014]] Scholastique Mukasonga yavutse mu 1956 <ref>https://artsfuse.org/113180/fuse-book-review-our-lady-of-the-nile-prefiguring-rwandan-genocide/</ref> mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba [[Rwanda|bw'u Rwanda]], ku ruzi rwa Rukarara . Mu 1959, gahunda ya mbere yo kurwanya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|abatutsi]] yashenye igihugu ituma abatutsi bamwe bahunga. Mu 1960, umuryango we woherejwe hamwe nabandi batutsi benshi i [[Nyamata]] mu mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Bugesera|Bugesera]] kari kadatuwe, scrubland<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://fr.igihe.com/scholastique-mukasonga-remonte-a-la-source-du.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2022-05-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508052723/https://fr.igihe.com/scholastique-mukasonga-remonte-a-la-source-du.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Umuryango we wabaga mu nkambi y'impunzi nyuma yo kwirukanwa mu mudugudu wabo, aho yarokotse nubwo yatotejwe ndetse akenda no gukorerwa ubwicanyi. Nyina Stefania yitaye ku bana be, Nubwo umubare muto 10% by'abatutsi wari wemewe gukomeza mumashuri yisumbuye, yabanje kwiga Lycée Notre-Dame-de-Citeaux i [[Kigali]], hanyuma akomereza mu ishuri ry'i [[Butare]] . Mukasonga abisobanura agira ati: "Ni ryo shuri ryonyine ry'abakobwa ryanyemereye gukoresha umwuga wanjye kugira ngo mfashe abandi badafite amahirwe yo kwiga."<ref>https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/scholastique-mukasonga-06-22-20</ref> Mu 1973, abanyeshuri b'Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri, hamwe n'abakozi ba Leta b'Abatutsi birukanwa ku mirimo yabo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, byabaye ngombwa ko agenda, ahungira mu [[Burundi]] kugira ngo ahunge iterabwoba. Yarangije amasomo ye nk'umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza mu [[Burundi]] atangira akazi muri UNICEF<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://radiohuguka.rw/imyidagaduro/igitabo-cya-mukasonga-scholastique-cyakinywemo-filime/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2021-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211021043253/http://radiohuguka.rw/imyidagaduro/igitabo-cya-mukasonga-scholastique-cyakinywemo-filime/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Mukasonga yageze mu [[Bufaransa]] mu 1992 biba ngombwa ko asubiramo ikizamini cy’abakozi bashinzwe imibereho myiza, kubera ko impamyabumenyi yakiriye mu [[Burundi]] itemewe n’ubuyobozi [[Ubufaransa|bw’Ubufaransa]]. Kuva 1996-1997, yari umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza y'abanyeshuri ba kaminuza ya Caen . Kuva mu 1998 kugeza ubu, akora imirimo yo guhagararira ubutabera (amategeko) muri Union départementale des association familiales de Calvados (Ishami ry’amashyirahamwe y’imiryango ya Calvados). <ref>https://www.liberation.fr/debats/2018/08/22/scholastique-mukasonga-c-est-par-le-savoir-que-j-ai-echappe-a-la-machette_1673928</ref> Kuri ubu atuye ahitwa Normandy<ref>https://archipelagobooks.org/book/igifu/</ref><ref>https://www.thewhitereview.org/feature/interview-with-scholastique-mukasonga/</ref>. [[Dosiye:A_Reading_&_Conversation_with_Scholastique_Mukasonga_(48790642386).jpg|thumb|A Reading & Conversation with Scholastique Mukasonga ]] Mu 1994, abantu 37 bo mu muryango we bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] . Byatwaye Mukasonga indi myaka 10 kugirango agire ubutwari bwo gusubira mu [[Rwanda]], ibyo yabikoze mu 2004. Muri uru rugendo niho yumvise afite ubushake bwo kwandika [[igitabo]] cye cya mbere, igitabo cyandika ku buzima, ''Inyenzi ou les Cafards .'' Inyandiko y'Icyongereza, yahinduwe na Jordan Stump, yiswe ''Cockroaches,'' kandi yatorewe igihembo cy’ibitabo cya Los Angeles Times mu 2016 mu cyiciro cy’ubuzima bwa muntu. Yakurikijeho igitabo cya La Femme aux pieds nus muri 2008. Yabonye igihembo cya Seligmann, avuye muri [[:fr:Chancellerie des universités de Paris|Chancellerie des universités de Paris]], yemera imirimo irwanya ivanguramoko no kutoroherana. Mu mwaka wa 2010, yasohoye icyegeranyo cy’inkuru ngufi zitwa L'Iguifou, anegukana igihembo cya Paul Bourdari mu 2011 avuye muri l'Académie des sciences d'outre-mer ndetse no mu gihembo cya Renaissance kubera Igitabo cye ''Notre-Dame du Nil'', yatsindiye ibihembo bitatu: igihembo cya Ahmadou-Kourouma i Geneve, <ref>https://www.tdg.ch/culture/scolastique-mukasonga-obtient-prix-kourouma-salon-livre/story/10464105</ref> igihembo cya Oceans France, <ref>https://www.telestar.fr/people/scholastique-mukasonga-recoit-le-prix-oceans-france-o-2012-9065</ref> na prix Renaudot mu 2012. <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2012/11/07/le-goncourt-sacre-jerome-ferrari-le-renaudot-scholastique-mukasonga_1787134_3260.html</ref> <ref>https://www.lepoint.fr/societe/scholastique-mukasonga-prix-renaudot-pour-notre-dame-du-nil-07-11-2012-1526183_23.php</ref> Ubuhinduzi bw'icyongereza bw'iki gitabo, ''Our Lady of the Nile,'', bwatoranijwe nk'imwe mu bitabo icumi byatsindiye igihembo cy’ubuvanganzo bwa Dublin kandi yabaye uwahawe ubufasha ku gihembo cya Emerging Voices mubijyanye n’Imari . Gukora filimi y'iki gitabo byaratangiye iyobowe na Atiq Rahimi <ref>https://adelaidefilmfestival.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/AFF-Youth-Our-Lady-of-the-Nile.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.newyorker.com/books/this-week-in-fiction/scholastique-mukasonga-11-12-18</ref>. [[Dosiye:Kibogo-_A_Reading_&_Conversation_with_Scholastique_Mukasonga_-_52477219779.jpg|thumb|Kibogo- A Reading & Conversation with Scholastique Mukasonga]] Muri 2014, Mukasonga yasohoye igitabo gishya ''Ce que murmurent les collines'' '','' yatsindiye igihembo Société des gens de lettres muri 2015 mu . Igitabo cye ''Coeur Tambour'' cyasohotse muri Mutarama 2016 mu cyegeranyo cyera cya Gallimard. Muri kamena 2017, yahawe igihembo kubambasaderi bavuga [[Igifaransa]] (Ambassadeurs francophones) i Copenhagen <ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/entertainment/rwandas-mukasonga-wins-2021-simone-de-beauvoir-prize</ref>. Muri Werurwe 2018, yasohoye igitabo gishya cyandika ku buzima, ''Un si beau diplomate!'' Prix Bernheim wo muri Fondation du judaisme francais (Fondasiyo y'Abayahudi b'Abafaransa) yamuhaye igihrembo muri 2015 mu rwego rwo kumushimira ibikorwa bye byose<ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/108662</ref>. Scholastique Mukasonga ni umwe mu bagize inteko ishinga amategeko ya Prix Deauville Littérature et Musique (Igihembo cya Deauville ku buvanganzo n'umuziki). Yahawe kandi icyubahiro cya Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres, ishimira abagize uruhare runini mu muco muri ibyo bice byombi<ref>https://www.nationalbook.org/the-2019-national-book-awards-finalists-announced/</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/rwandan-novelist-mukasonga-tipped-win-nobel-prize</ref>. == Imirimo == Mu gitabo cye cyitwa ''Notre-Dame du Nil'' , yavuze ishuri ryisumbuye ryubatse ku musozi wa metero 8202, ritari kure y’inkomoko ya [[Nili]]. akaba ariho abakobwa bahurira, muguhiramo abanyeshuri umubare w'abatutsi ugarukira kuri 10% by'abanyeshuri. Biboneka ko iyi nkuru ishingiye kubintu byabaye mu buzima: bisa nkaho yavugaga ishuri ryisumbuye rya Notre-Dame de Citeaux i [[Kigali]] aho yari umunyeshuri, kandi gukura abanyeshuri b’abatutsi ni byo byari yiboneye mu 1973. igihe yari mu buhungiro mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2012/05/03/avant-le-genocide_1694568_3260.html</ref> ''Ce que murmurent les collines (What the Hills Whisper)'' ni ikusanyirizo ry'inkuru ngufi, zimwe muri zo zishingiye ku mateka y'u [[Rwanda]] , yagaragaje uko abandi bashushanya amashusho y'ubuzima bwa buri munsi bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Ni igitabo cye cya mbere kitari gishingiye kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]. <ref>https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2014/04/02/scholastique-mukasonga-retrouver-mon-identite_4394394_3260.html</ref> ''Un Pygmée à l'école'' ni inkuru ngufi yanditswe na Mukasonga, yanditswe mu 2017 kandi ishyirwa mu cyegeranyo cyiswe ''La rencontre avec l'autre (The encounter with the Other)''<ref>https://archipelagobooks.org/book/the-barefoot-woman/</ref>''.'' [[Dosiye:Scholastique_Mukasonga_(photo).jpg|thumb|Scholastique Mukasonga ]] Hamwe n'igitabo cye ''Coeur Tambour'' <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://next.liberation.fr/livres/2017/09/08/scholastique-mukasonga-et-le-coeur-battant-de-l-afrique_1595094 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2020-08-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806075131/https://next.liberation.fr/livres/2017/09/08/scholastique-mukasonga-et-le-coeur-battant-de-l-afrique_1595094 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ''(Pounding Heart, Drumming Heart)'' Scholastique Mukasonga yaguye icyerekezo cye uko yavuye mu [[Rwanda]] kugera muri Antilles, [[Amerika]] no muri [[Burezile|Berezile]]. Igitabo gikurikirana Kitami, umukobwa wabaye umuririmbyi uzwi cyane muri [[afurika]]. <ref>http://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20160509-coeur-tambour-rwandaise-scholastique-mukasonga<nowiki/>=</ref> Tugarutse ku gitabo cya ''Un si beau diplome,'' Mukasonga yigana uburyo se yamushyizeho igitutu kugirango abone impamyabumenyi . Mu buhungiro mu [[Burundi]], [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], hanyuma akaza kugera mu [[Bufaransa]], "beautiful diploma" yari 'ingufu zamufashaga kwihanganira guhezwa no kwiheba<ref>http://www.gallimard.fr/Catalogue/GALLIMARD/Blanche/Kibogo-est-monte-au-ciel</ref>. Igitabo cye aheruka gusohoka muri Werurwe 2020, igitabo cyitwa ''Kibogo est monté au ciel (Kibogo Yuriye mu kirere)'' . Irasebya ikibazo cy'amadini, ivugabutumwa, n'ubunini bifitanye isano n'igihe cy'abakoloni<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.institutfrancais.dk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Pr%C3%A9sentation-Mukasonga-et-Garde.pdf |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-08 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304064544/http://www.institutfrancais.dk/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Pr%C3%A9sentation-Mukasonga-et-Garde.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] 1cbk12b0f2fewsdsiuy1faugxf23w66 0 10436 140530 138481 2026-09-30T09:29:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140530 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Everyone a Humanitarian Launch Night.jpg|thumb|Clementine Wamariya 2016]] '''Clementine Wamariya''' (wavutse mu mwaka 1988) <ref>http://www.rfi.fr/emission/20190119-wamariya-clemantine-rwandaise-fille-sourire-perles-weil-elizabeth</ref> ni umwanditsi [[Rwanda|w’umunyarwandakazi]] ariko utuye muri [[Amerika]], akaba n’umuntu uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu cyane. <ref name="NPR">https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/04/19/714652428/she-fled-rwanda-to-survive-but-does-not-like-the-words-refugee-or-genocide?t=1562329786243</ref>Yavukiye mu muryango usanzwe i [[Kigali]] n'ababyeyi be afite imyaka itandatu kubera [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], Yahungiye kwa nyirakuru mu majyepfo y’igihugu ariko ahatirwa kongera guhunga igihe jenoside yibasiraga umuryango wabo ikica nyirakuru. Yahunze igihugu amara imyaka itari mike azenguruka [[Afurika]] mbere yo guhabwa viza y'impunzi [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|muri Amerika]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2010/09/09/rwandan-refugee-reaches-out/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526171844/https://yaledailynews.com/blog/2010/09/09/rwandan-refugee-reaches-out/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://re-publica.com/en/member/9588 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2021-04-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414210908/https://re-publica.com/en/member/9588 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Yatuye hamwe n'umuryango we mu gace ka Chicago maze atangira amashuri afite imyaka cumi n'itatu. Yamenyekanye ku rwego mpuzamahanga mu 2006 binyuze kuri ''Oprah Winfrey Show ubwo yahuraga'' bitunguranye n'ababyeyi be. Amaze kurangiza muri kaminuza ya Yale, yakomeje umwuga wo kuvuga mu ruhame harimo ibiganiro bya TED . Muri 2018, yasohoye [[igitabo]] kivuga ibyamubayeho, yise ''The Girl Who Smiled Beads''. Niwe wahawe igihembo cya Alex Awards 2019<ref>https://newtriernews.org/features/2019/05/23/interview-with-08-grad-clemantine-wamariya/</ref>. == Ubuzima bwe muri make == [[Dosiye:-rp17 - Tag 3 (34570805655).jpg|thumb|Clemantine Wamariya 2017]] Wamariya yavukiye kandi akurira i [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]]. Se yari [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] mu bucuruzi bwa tagisi naho nyina yari umuhinzi ahinga imbuto n'indabyo murugo. <ref name="Guardian">https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/apr/28/i-was-reunited-with-my-long-lost-family-on-oprah</ref> [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Itsembabwoko ryakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] ryatangiye muri Mata 1994, igihe Wamariya yari afite imyaka itandatu. Umuryango watangiye kumva urusaku rwinshi rwatewe n’amasasu, murumuna we Pudi avuga ko ari inkuba, basanga abaturanyi babo badahari. Nyina wa Wamariya amaze kumenya akaga kari kuba, yamwohereje hamwe na mushiki we, Claire, mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|majyepfo y’igihugu]] kugira ngo babane mu isambu ya nyirakuru. Ariko ibyo nabyo ntibyari bifite umutekano, kandi umuryango wibasiwe bikomeye. Igihe abajenosideri bakomanga ku rugi, we na Claire babwiwe na nyirakuru guhunga. Mu guhunga nijoro no kwihisha ku manywa, barokotse bigoranye, bashoboye guhunga igihugu bahinduka impunzi. Benshi mubavandimwe be, harimo na nyirakuru, barishwe<ref>https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/a-moment-on-oprah-made-her-a-human-rights-symbol-she-wants-to-be-more-than-that/2018/04/18/f394dd0c-3d98-11e8-a7d1-e4efec6389f0_story.html</ref>.<ref>https://www.hotchkiss.org/post-page/~board/alumni-news/post/after-writing-a-memoir-about-her-past-clemantine-wamariya-09-is-living-for-the-present</ref> Ahantu hambere umutekano bawusanze ni mu nkambi yimpunzi mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], ariko ntibashoboye gutura ahantu hamwe igihe kirekire. ihohoterwa rikorerwa mu nkambi no gushaka ahantu hari itera imbere byatumye bakomeza kwimuka bivuze ko bamaze imyaka myinshi bakora ingendo hagati y'inkambi. <ref>https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/07/books/review/clemantine-wamariya-girl-who-smiled-beads.html</ref> Mu myaka itandatu yakurikiyeho bavuye mu [[Burundi]] bimukira muri Zayire, [[Tanzaniya]], [[Malawi]], [[Mozambike]], amaherezo baza kugera [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika y'Epfo]] . Kuva aho, mu 2000, we numuvandimwe we basabye Umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe abimukira kubaha ubufasha, <ref name="WomenForWomen">{{Cite web |url=https://www.womenforwomen.org/about/our-team/clemantine-wamariya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526171843/https://www.womenforwomen.org/about/our-team/clemantine-wamariya |url-status=dead }}</ref> bahabwa viza y'impunzi muri [[Amerika]]. Batuye hamwe n'umuryango mu nkengero za Chicago muri Kenilworth . <ref>https://modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/story-the-broken</ref> == Umwuga == === Kugaragara kuri ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' === [[Dosiye:Everyone a Humanitarian Launch Night - 31234537090.jpg|thumb|Clemantine Wamariya 2016]] Wamariya yamenyekanye bwa mbere kurwego mpuzamahanaga ubwo yagaragaraga kuri ''Oprah Winfrey Show'' mu 2006, akiri umunyeshuri muri New Trier. Hamwe na mushiki we Claire, bamusabye kuzagaragara kuri iki kiganiro kugira ngo baganire ku byamubayeho mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Rwanda]]. Ariko we numuvandimwe we batabizi, Winfrey yari yateguye guhura bitunguranye n'ababyeyi babo<ref>https://www.vogue.com/article/the-girl-who-smiled-beads-clemantine-wamiriya-interview</ref>. Se na nyina bombi barokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]],Wamariya yari yaravuganye na bo kuri telefoni, ariko yari amaze imyaka cumi n'ibiri atabonana nabo imbonankubone. Abatunganya iki kiganiro bateguye ingendo z'ababyeyi bava muri [[Afurika]] no guhura kwabo kuri tereviziyo. Wamariya yatumiwe nk'umushyitsi mu gitaramo cya ''Oprah'' inshuro eshatu mu myaka yakurikiyeho, kandi uko yagaragaye muri iki kiganiro byatumye yamamaye ku rwego mpuzamahanga. <ref>https://inside.tru.ca/2014/03/11/q-a-with-clemantine-wamariya/</ref><ref>https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2019/04/19/714652428/she-fled-rwanda-to-survive-but-does-not-like-the-words-refugee-or-genocide</ref> [[Dosiye:Clemantine Wamariya.jpg|thumb|Clemantine Wamariya 2017]] Wamariya yashishikajwe no kuvugira mu ruhame mu gihe cy'ishuri, kuko yabwiraga abanyeshuri ibyamubayeho. <ref>https://medium.com/@clemantine1/ten-years-ago-i-unintentionally-set-myself-on-the-path-to-a-career-in-public-speaking-i-began-in-7241a666d740</ref> Amaze kugaragara kuri ''Oprah'', abategura ibirori, cyane cyane mu nzego z’ubutabazi, baramutumiraga ngo avuge uko byagenze. <ref name="WP">https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/a-moment-on-oprah-made-her-a-human-rights-symbol-she-wants-to-be-more-than-that/2018/04/18/f394dd0c-3d98-11e8-a7d1-e4efec6389f0_story.html</ref> Mubikorwa bye harimo ikiganiro cya TED, cyiswe ''War and What Comes After'', <ref>https://www.ted.com/talks/clemantine_wamariya_war_and_what_comes_after?language=en</ref> Amaze kugaragara kuri ''Oprah'', kandi mu gihe yari umunyeshuri i Yale, Wamariya yakoraga ibiganiro byo kuvuga muri [[Amerika]] mu nzu ndangamurage y’Urwibutso rwa Holocaust muri Amerika (USHMM). Mu rwego rwo kubimenya, ndetse n’akazi yakoranye n’imiryango y’impunzi i Yale no muri New Haven, muri leta ya Connecticut, yagizwe umuyobozi wa USHMM na Perezida [[Barack Obama]] . <ref>https://www.ushmm.org/information/press/press-releases/president-obama-appoints-five-members-to-united-states-holocaust-memorial-c</ref> Yongeye gushyirwaho manda ya kabiri yimyaka itanu muri 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.clemantine.org/bio |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-09 |archive-date=2021-05-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507015511/https://www.clemantine.org/bio/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ubwanditsi === Amaze kurangiza icyiciro cye muri Yale Wamariya yimukiye i San Francisco, yahuye n'umunyamakuru ''wa New York Times'' Elizabeth Weil, wari utuye mu gace kamwe. Yabwiye Weil ibyamubayeho, maze bombi batangira gutegura icyegeranyo kirekire bamaranye imyaka ibiri bagikoraho, cyasohotse muri 2018<ref>https://www.kirkusreviews.com/features/clemantine-wamariya/</ref>. Umutwe w'igitabo ni ''The Girl Who Smiled Beads''; ibi bivuga inkuru yabwiwe na nyirasenge akiri umwana. <ref>https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/539103/the-girl-who-smiled-beads-by-clemantine-wamariya-and-elizabeth-weil/9780451495334/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] s4jae0v3gcdmchirz27t2814e7v4k1t 0 10447 140531 139302 2026-09-30T09:29:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140531 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugenie Musayidire,''' yavutse Ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1952 , mu [[Rwanda]],N'umunyarwandakazi uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu uba mu [[Ubudage|Budage]]<ref>https://www.amazon.co.uk/Books-Eugenie-Musayidire/s?rh=n%3A266239%2Cp_27%3AEugenie+Musayidire</ref> . Yahawe igihembo mpuzamahanga cya Nuremberg mu burenganzira bwa muntu mu 2007. == Ubuzima Bwite == Eugénie Musayidire ni [[Abatutsi|Umwe mubatutsi]] bake mu Rwanda. Yahunze mu 1973, igihe yaburiwe ko yenda gufatwa. Yabanje guhungira mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], akomeza amasomo ye muri kaminuza y’Uburundi mu bijyanye n’ubukungu n’imibereho. Mu 1977, yasabye ubuhungiro muri politiki mu [[Ubudage|Budage]]<ref><nowiki>https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte_e/musayidire_e.html</nowiki></ref>, kandi yitoza kuba umufasha wa farumasi. Yareze Umuryango atura i Siegburg, aho yakoraga mw'Itorero ry'Abaluteriyani <ref name="N">Présentation de la lauréate du prix des droits de l'homme de la ville de Nuremberg Eugénie Musayidire, sur www.nuernberg.de </ref> Yaje gukora i Bonn. Yize ko umuryango we wishwe mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]].<ref><nowiki>http://www.kigalimemorialcentre.org/survivors/eugenie.html</nowiki></ref> : abura nyina, murumuna we na [[bene]] wabo benshi kandi baziranye. Inshuti yamuzaniye ibuye, vestige yonyine murugo rw'umuryango we. Yasobanuye ibisobanuro by'aya makuba yandika [[igitabo]] cyitwa ''Ma pierre qui parle'', mu 1999 <ref name="Buch">[https://web.archive.org/web/20180218211203/http://www.imbuto.net/uploads/buchbesprechungen/07_mein_stein_spricht.pdf Critique de livre] sur imbuto.net consulté le 18.</ref> . Eugénie Musayidire yiyemeje mu buryo bw'intangarugero mu bwiyunge hagati y'Abahutu n'Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Mu 2001, yasuye igihugu akomokamo, ku nshuro ya mbere kuva yava mu buhungiro. Muri uwo mwaka, yashinze mu Budage ishyirahamwe " Hoffnung In Ruanda e. v. »(« Ibyiringiro mu Rwanda "). Abikesheje inkunga y'Itorero ry'Abaporotesitanti b'Abadage, yashinze, mu 2003, i Nyanza, Ikigo gishinzwe kuvura urubyiruko, ''IZERE'', aho abana ndetse n'urubyiruko bahura n'ingaruka za Genocide bitaweho. Muri uku kuguma mu Rwanda mu 2001, yashoboye guhura n'umwicanyi wo mu muryango we, wahoze aturanye. Iyi nama nicyifuzo cyo kwiyunga byatumye havuka firime, ''Mama wa Assassin''. Iyi filime yahawe igihembo cya Adolf-Grimme. Kuwa 30 Nzeri 2007 , Eugénie Musayidire ahabwa igihembo mpuzamahanga cy’uburenganzira bwa muntu cya Nuremberg, gitangwa na Doudou Diène wahoze ari umunyamabanga [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’umuryango w’abibumbye]] ku bibazo by’ivanguramoko, ivangura rishingiye ku moko, abanyamahanga no kutoroherana <ref>[https://www.nuernberg.de/internet/menschenrechte/preisverleihung_2007.html] Cérémonie de remise des prix 2007 des droits de l'homme de la Ville de [[Nuremberg]], sur www.nuernberg.de.</ref> . Muri Gicurasi 2015, documentaire yitwa ''Mein Stein spricht'' ( ''Ibuye ryanjye rivuga : inzira ndende yo kwiyunga mu Rwanda'' ), ku nkuru ya Eugénie Musayidire ivugwa kuri televiziyo ARD-alpha <ref>[https://programm.ard.de/TV/Themenschwerpunkte/Dokus--Reportagen/Alle-Dokumentationen/Startseite/?sendung=2848714585036103 Documentaire ''Ma Pierre parle''], ARD-alpha.</ref> == Ibirambuye == 7s7ytx1jg514kx2cvjpph2cdwz8xdl6 0 10462 140532 139396 2026-09-30T09:29:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140532 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Sagaing, Artist paint brushes, Myanmar.jpg|thumb]] '''Valerie Piraino''' n'umunyabugeni [[Rwanda|w'umunyarwanda]] ariko utuye muri [[Amerika]] umenyerewe cyane mu gushushanya no gutaka ibishushanyo. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.valeriepiraino.com/about.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2019-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190607155511/http://www.valeriepiraino.com/about.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Yavutse muri 1981 i [[Kigali|Kigali, mu Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://lmcc.net/person/valerie-piraino/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-11 |archive-date=2017-05-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170518172751/http://lmcc.net/person/valerie-piraino/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> akurira haba mu gihugu cye ndetse no muri Amerika. Ubuhanzi bwe bugaragaza indangamuntu y’amahanga kandi bukubiyemo insanganyamatsiko nko gusobanura ibintu byinshi biranga muri rusange, kurwanya ubukoloni (cyangwa kurwanya imperialism), diaspora ny'afurika. <ref name=":0" /> <ref name=":1">https://hudsonvalleyone.com/2017/05/28/two-kingston-artists-featured-in-dubai-exhibit/</ref> <ref name=":2">https://artswestchester.org/she-deconstructing-female-identity/she_exhibition_brochure/</ref> Yahawe ibihembo birenga icumi bimwemerera imikoranire, kandi yagiye agaragara mu imurikagurisha rirenga mirongo itatu muri leta umunani za [[Amerika]] ndetse no mubindi bihugu bitatu.<ref>https://artfacts.net/artist/valerie-piraino/247415</ref> <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Photograph of a Black child artist - DPLA - 9fff54f3947c8ec116d404dbe760c13c.gif|thumb]] Nyina wa Valerie, yari umuhanga mu kudoda mu [[Rwanda]], yahuye na se [[Amerika|w'umunyamerika]], igihe yakoraga mu bikorwa byo gutabara no kwiteza imbere. Nyuma yo kuva mu bwana bwe akiri muto yagiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], no mu bindi bihugu bitatu byo muri [[Afurika]]<ref>https://art.state.gov/valerie-piraino/</ref>, Valerie, kimwe n'ababyeyi be, bimukiye muri Arizona. Nyuma, umuryango we wimukiye i Baltimore, MD, aho yize muri kaminuza ya Maryland Institute of Art. Igihe Valerie yigaga i Baltimore, yasubiye mu [[Rwanda]], aho benshi mu ruhande rwa nyina bari biciwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-05-18-0405180135-story.html</ref>. Uru rugendo rwashishikarije umurimo we nk'umuhanzi uhuza ibihugu, harimo n'umushinga we. Mu 2005, Valerie yimukiye mu mujyi wa New York, ari naho yatangiriye MFA mu ishuri ry’ubuhanzi rya kaminuza ya Columbia. Yarangije muri MFA ye mu 2009 yahise yihutira guhanga umurimo we, kuri ubu akora nk'umwarimu w'igihe gito mu ishuri rya Parsons of Design<ref>https://www.joanmitchellfoundation.org/valerie-piraino</ref>. == Ibikorwa bigaragara n'imurikagurisha == [[Dosiye:Adolph Tidemand - A Painter at his Paint Box - Google Art Project.jpg|thumb]] Ikigaragara ni uko umurimo we uzwi cyane, ni urukurikirane rw'ibishusho bigizwe namapapayi yakoze ashushanyije ibice bya polystirene, hanyuma bigahisha imiterere y'ibumba ryirabura rya epoxy, irangi, resin, ibiti, ndetse rimwe na rimwe akoresha irangi rya zahabu kugirango anogereze igishushanyo. Mu kuganira ku kamaro k’amabara, umukara na zahabu, Valerie avuga ko umukara na zahabu byibutsa ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro ndetse n’ibidukikije byabereye muri [[Afurika]] kubera ubukoloni. Amabara n'imiterere nabyo byerekana uruhu rw'abaturage bava muri [[Afurika]] bakoreshejwe mu mutungo kamere wabo. <ref name=":2" /> <ref>https://gulfnews.com/culture/arts/in-a-constant-state-of-flux-1.2053611</ref> [[Dosiye:Haltern am See, Lavesum, Künstlerhof, Acrylfarbe -- 2021 -- 5730.jpg|thumb]] Amapapayi ni imbuto zatoranijwe kugirango zihagararire imyumvire yo kurwanya ubukoloni kubwimpamvu ebyiri zingenzi. Iya mbere, Amapapayi yari ifunguro rya mugitondo mugihe yari umukobwa muto akiri muri [[Afurika]]. Icya kabiri, amapapayi, akomoka muri Karayibe, bagereranya nk'ubukoloni kuko "bakurikiza inzira y'ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni ". <ref name=":1" /> Mu imurikagurisha ryarangiye muri Mutarama, 2017 ryiswe ''Dis Place'' mu Nzu Ndangamurage y’ubuhanzi bwa Diasporan, amapapayi yasaga nkaho yakomeretse, byerekana ihohoterwa rikorerwa abagore bo muri [[Afurika]]. <ref>https://hyperallergic.com/260681/artists-of-the-african-diaspora-cast-off-the-legacy-of-displacement/</ref> Mu gihe amapapayi ari bimwe mu bikorwa bya Valerie bizwi cyane, yakoze ibindi bishushanyo byinshi kandi yagiye mu imurikagurisha mu gihugu hose, ndetse anagaragara mu imurikagurisha mu bindi bihugu ku isi<ref>https://socratessculpturepark.org/artist/valerie-piraino/</ref>. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'imurikagurisha rya Valerie Piraino !Year !Exhibition Title !Institution/Gallery !Location |- | rowspan="2" |2010 |Collective Show |Participant Inc. |New York City, NY |- |Usable Pasts |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="2" |2011 |Fidelity |Meyerhoff Gallery, Maryland Institute College of Art |Baltimore, MD |- |The Third Party |Night Gallery |Los Angeles, CA |- | rowspan="3" |2012 |The Bearden Project |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Get it on the Record |Visceglia Gallery, Caldwell College |Caldwell, NJ |- |Fore |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- | rowspan="5" |2013 |Present Future |Artissima |Turin, Italy |- |Reconstruction |Crosstown Arts |Memphis, TN |- |Photoplay |Cindy Rucker Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Body Language |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Round 39: Looking Back, Moving Forward |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |"The House Seems All Upset" Contemporary Art Interventions on Critical Whiteness |Jade Addams Hull House Museum |Chicago, IL |- |Retreat |Valerie Carberry Gallery |Chicago, IL |- |The Bearden Project |Texas State University |San Marcos, TX |- | rowspan="4" |2015 |After Afropolitan |Weeksville Heritage Center |Brooklyn, NY |- |Africa's Out |Gladstone Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Mirror Mirror |Kate Werble Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Displace |MOCADA |Brooklyn, NY |- | rowspan="9" |2016 |SHE: Deconstructing Female Identity |ArtsWestchester |White Plains, NY |- |Collector's Club |Project Row Houses |Houston, TX |- |CAMSTL Gala |Contemporary Art Museum St. Louis |St, Louis, MO |- |Palatable |Studio Museum in Harlem |New York City, NY |- |Event Horizon |Lesley Heller Workspace |New York City, NY |- |Lucky Draw |Sculpture Center |New York City, NY |- |Everyday Redefined |Corridor Gallery |Brooklyn, NY |- |Whatever moves between us also moves the world in general |Murray Guy Gallery |New York City, NY |- |Africans in America |Goodman Gallery |Johannesburg, South Africa |- | rowspan="4" |2017 |Elective Affinities: A Library |Hunter College Art Galleries |New York City, NY |- |Downtown 83 Aljira Benefit and Auction |Aljira Center for Contemporary Art |Newark, NJ |- |A Fast, Moving Sky |The Third Line Gallery |Dubai, United Arab Emirates |- |The Socrates Annual |Socrates Sculpture Park |New York City, NY |} == Ibihembo yatsindiye == Valerie yakiriye ubusabane nibihembo mu myaka ye yose yo guhanga ibihangano. {| class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" |+Urutonde rwuzuye rw'ibihembo bya Valerie Piraino / Ubusabane ! Umwaka ! Izina ryigihembo / Ubusabane |- |2004 |Jacques and Natasha Gelman Travel Award |- |2009 |Studio Museum in Harlem, Artist-in-residence |- |2011 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2012 |Rema Hort Mann Foundation Grant Nominee |- |2013 |Project Row Houses, Visiting Artist |- |2014 |Joan Mitchell Foundation, Emerging Teaching Artist Fellow |- |2015 |Lower Manhattan Cultural Council, Process Space |- | rowspan="3" |2017 |Socrates Sculpture Park, Emerging Artist Fellowship |- |Offshore Residency |- |Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation Award Nominee |- | rowspan="2" |2018 |Joan Mitchell Center, Artist-in-residence |- |The Wassaic Project, Editions Program |} == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] gpx85zuhbjnemkyy8rmte8ljzjz47dd 0 10515 140533 137969 2026-09-30T09:29:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140533 wikitext text/x-wiki '''UMUTESI Marie Béatrice''' (yavutse 1959) ni umwanditsi w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] wandika mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]] .<ref>https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/authorpage/marie-beatrice-umutesi.html</ref> <ref name="uwa">http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/UmutesiMBeng.html</ref>Yavukiye i Byumba mu ntara ya amajyaruguru ubu ni mukarere ka Rulindo yize ibijyanye sociology, akora mu iterambere ry'icyaro. Mbere ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide yakorewe abatuts]]<nowiki/>i mu [[Rwanda]] yafatwaga nk'umuntu ushyira mu gaciro, yaje guhungira muri Kivu y'amajyaruguru muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], yahavuye muri 1996 ajya i [[Burayi]], Umutesi yageze mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] muri 1998. '''<ref name="uwa" />'''<ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=X9pCh_N2atgC&pg=PA261</ref> Yanditse inkuru yibyamubayeho muri ''Fuir ou mourir au Zaire.'' ''Le vécu d'une réfugiée Rwandaise'' (umutwe [[Icyongereza|w'icyongereza]]: ''Surviving the Slaughter:The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire'' ). <ref>https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-163049401/is-reconciliation-between-hutus-and-tutsis-possible</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/3918.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810111822/https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/3918.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amashuri yize == Yize amashuri y'ibijyanye na ni imyitwari n'imibanire ya muntu (sociology) == Imirimo yakoze == * Yakoze mu iterambere ry'icyaro mbere ya genocide, Kuva muri 1998, yabaga muri Bubiligi . == Umwiga we w'ubwanditsi == Umwugaga w' ubwanditsi yatangiye nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatsutsi 1994 mu Rwanda aho inkuru ze zibanda ku nkuru z'ubuzima bwe n'ibijyanye n'ubuhungiro bwe mu karere ki ibiyaga bigari. === Ibitabo yanditse nizindi nyandiko === * Surviving the Slaughter: The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire [https://www.amazon.com.be/-/en/Marie-Beatrice-Umutesi/dp/0299204901] * Journal refugees' study [https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/19/1/135/1516170] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]] [[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]] 5459m2ncghaxpj5z5v7mp0rj0jbsp6p 0 10576 140534 137627 2026-09-30T09:29:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140534 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Mukabaranga Agnes.jpg|thumb|Mukabaranga Agnes]] '''Mukabaranga Agnes''' ni [[Rwanda|Umunyarwandakazi]] w'Umunyapolitiki. <ref name="bio">https://web.archive.org/web/20071023063923/http://www.rwandaparliament.gov.rw/SE/uk/compo/agnes.html</ref> ni umwe mu bagize Ishyaka Riharanira Demokarasi ya Gikristo (PDC) akaba n'umwe mu bagize Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Pan-[[Afurika]] ndetse akaba yarahoze mu Nteko Nshinga amategeko no muri Sena y'u [[Rwanda]] <ref>https://www.urwego.com/2012/09/umuseke-abasenateri-batandatu-bagomba.html</ref>. Ni umunyamategeko wabigize umwuga.<ref>https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/4016168</ref> <ref name="HansWuerth">https://web.archive.org/web/20180628015651/http://articles.mcall.com/2004-04-20/opinion/3543940_1_genocide-rwanda-president-paul-kagame</ref> == Umwuga wa politiki == [[Dosiye:Flag of the Rwandan Patriotic Front.svg|thumb]] Mukabaranga yagizwe umunyamuryango wa mbere mu Nteko ishinga amategeko muri Leta y’inzibacyuho nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] mu mwaka 1994 <ref>https://books.google.com/books?id=O3aNPwAACAAJ</ref> Mu mwaka 2003, itegeko nshinga rihoraho ryemejwe mu gihugu ryashyizeho igihugu cy’amashyaka menshi gifite inteko ishinga amategeko igizwe na sena n’umutwe w’abadepite. <ref>http://www.economist.com/node/1817766</ref> Mukabaranga yagizwe senateri nyuma yo gutorwa kwa Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] agatorerwa kuba perezida wa mbere mu itegeko nshinga rishya. <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2012-07-07 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707005005/http://africanelections.tripod.com/rw.html#2003_Presidential_Election |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yari umwe mu bagore 39 batowe cyangwa bashyizwe mu nteko ishinga amategeko muri uwo mwaka, ugereranije n'abagabo 41. Yarahiriye guharanira ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu gihugu nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]], yashimangiye uruhare rw'umugore muri iki gikorwa, agira ati: "[[Umugore|Abagore]] biteguye kurushaho kumvikana, bakunda amahoro kandi bafasha mu bwiyunge. <ref name="HansWuerth" /><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514100321/https://ar.umuseke.rw/muhanga-ishyaka-pdc-ngo-nta-wundi-mukandida-ryifuza-utari-kagame.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>Mu mwaka 2013, mbere yo kuva muri sena, Mukabaranga yatorewe manda y'amezi atandatu nk'umuvugizi w'ihuriro ry’igihugu ngishwanama ku mashyaka ya politiki ( National Consultative Forum), uruhare yagize ku bufatanye na Sylvie Mpongera wo mu ishyaka rya Gisosiyalisiti ry’u [[Rwanda]] (Rwanda Socialist Party, PSR)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-14 |archive-date=2022-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220514101827/https://igihe.com/ubukungu/article/ubuhinzi-bwagaragajwe-nk-inkingi-mwikorezi-mu-kuzahura-ubukungu-bw-u-rwnada |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/64118</ref>. ====== Imirimo y'Ingenzi n'Amamateka ye mu Politiki<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/mukabaranga-agnes-wa-pdc-yashimye-ubwisanzure-bwatanzwe-na-fpr-inkotanyi</ref> ====== * Urubuga rw'Inararibonye: Ari mu bagize uru rubuga, aho bafite inshingano zo kugira inama leta no gusura ibikorwa remezo n'imishinga minini y'iterambere mu turere dutandukanye tw'igihugu. * Ubuyobozi bw'Ishyaka: Ni we wayoboraga Ishyaka rya PDC kuva mu myaka itari mike ishize. * Inteko Ishinga Amategeko: Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yagizwe umwe mu bagize Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Inzibacyuho. * Sena y'u [[Rwanda]]: Yabaye Umusenateri mu [[Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda|Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda]] nyuma y'iyemezwa ry'Itegeko Nshinga ryo mu 2003. * Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Afurika (PAP): Bahagarariye u Rwanda mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko yo ku mugabane w'Afurika hagati y'umwaka wa 2004 n'wa 2012. * Ihuriro ry'Imitwe ya Politiki (NFPO): Mu mwaka wa 2013, yatorewe kuba Umuvugizi w'Ihuriro ry'Igihugu ry'Imitwe ya Politiki yemewe mu Rwanda. == Ubuzima bwite == Mukabaranga Agnes yabuze abavandimwe be muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], kandi ni umubyeyi w'Abana bane<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2017/07/former-presidential-candidate-endorses-kagame/</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abagore babanyapolitike]] [[Ikiciro:Abagore ba abayobozi]] huumxk87vl7isvfiu71s8pope0xcjsp 0 12937 140535 122321 2026-09-30T09:29:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140535 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Nshimiyumuremyi''' Eric ( yavutse ku ya 24 Ukuboza 1988 ), uzwi ku izina rye ry'ubuhanzi '''Enric Sifa,''' ni umuririmbyi n'umwanditsi w'indirimbo wo mu Rwanda akaba n'umuvugizi mu ruhame akayobora na Filimi . Muri 2002 , yatsindiye amarushanwa yo kuririmba mu Rwanda yatangije umwuga we wa muzika kandi amuha radiyo na televiziyo mu Rwanda. Muri 2006 . umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukomoka mu mujyi wa Portland ; Oregon ukorera mu Rwanda w'amushyize mu itsinda ryazengurutse Amerika kugira ngo riteze imbere gutera inkunga abana. Nyuma yo kuzenguruka yagumye muri Portland kuva asohora alubumu eshatu za studio . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Sifa yavutse ku ya 24 Ukuboza 1988, avukira mu mudugudu wo mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Ntara y'Iburasirazuba]], u Rwanda mu muryango wo hagati . Se yagurishije ibicuruzwa biva mu nganda, kandi umuryango we wari ufite imodoka kandi ukoresha abakozi kugira ngo bahinge ikawa yabo . <ref name="Coronation">{{Cite web |date=November 10, 2014 |title=The Coronation Ceremony Interview |url=http://enricsifa.com/the-coronation-ceremony-interview/ |access-date=November 16, 2014 |website=enricsifa.com |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129070609/http://enricsifa.com/the-coronation-ceremony-interview/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Eoff">{{Cite web |last=Eoff |first=Jasmine |date=June 9, 2011 |title=Surviving Rwanda |url=http://www.fluxstories.com/2011/06/surviving-rwanda/ |access-date=October 31, 2014 |website=Flux Stories |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129120754/http://www.fluxstories.com/2011/06/surviving-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Igihe Sifa yari afite imyaka itanu, ise na mukuru we biciwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] . <ref name="Bethel">{{Cite web |date=March 7, 2010 |title=Mission Is People |url=http://bethel-church.org/sermons/play.php?what=video&id=435 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129061204/http://bethel-church.org/sermons/play.php?what=video&id=435 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |access-date=October 31, 2014 |website=Bethel Church}}</ref> Sifa na murumuna we batandukanijwe na nyina na mushiki wabo w'uruhinja kandi birinda urugomo bahungira mu ishyamba bamarayo amezi atatu. <ref name="Mayer">{{Cite web |last=Mayer |first=Rebecca |date=February 20, 2009 |title=Freshman English Students Learn That Crimes of Hatred Can Be Fought with Acts of Love |url=http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=44988 |access-date=October 31, 2014 |website=Lake Oswego Review |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220073223/http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=44988 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyuma yo guhura n’inzara mu ishyamba, Sifa yahisemo gushyira mu kaga ko yicwa maze asubira mu mudugudu aho we na murumuna we bahuriye na nyina na mushiki wabo kuri sitasiyo ya Croix Rouge . <ref name="Bethel" /> Basubiye mu nzu yabo, basanga umuyobozi wamunzwe na ruswa yafashe imitungo yabo, bityo babana mu kazu gato imyaka myinshi kugeza igihe nyina wa Sifa yaboneye impapuro zikenewe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda kugira ngo yambure umutungo we . <ref name="Mayer" /> Igihe yegera umukozi wa leta ku bijyanye n'umutungo we , yahaye akazi agatsiko ko kumukubita maze apfa nyuma y'ibyumweru bibiri azize gukubitwa . <ref name="Bethel" /> Nyirasenge wa Sifa yajyanye murumuna we na mushiki we ariko kubera ko atari afite ubushobozi bwo kumutunga , yatangiye kubana n’umuturanyi. Kuba mu mudugudu umwe aho umuryango we wishwe byari bigoye kuri Sifa ku mutima, nuko arahunga aba impfubyi yo mu muhanda. <ref name="Mayer"/> Sifa yamaze imyaka itandatu arokoka mumuhanda aririmbira abanyamahanga kumuhanda kugirango bahinduke, bafasha abacuruzi, gutwara imizigo , no gukina urusimbi kuri marble hamwe nabandi bana bo mumuhanda . <ref name="Eoff"/> Sifa yakomeje kuririmba indirimbo za nyina kugira ngo ahumurize ndetse n'abandi bahungu, kandi yahaga agaciro umuziki cyane ku buryo yakwinjira mu tubyiniro nubwo yari muto mu buryo bwemewe n'amategeko. Umunsi umwe nijoro nyuma yo kwizitira uruzitiro kugirango abone kwinjira muri club nijoro, bouncers baramukubita, Sifa yumva yumvise Imana imutegeka kujya igihe kinini cyo kubyina. Bukeye bwaho, yagiye mu rusengero ahinduka Umukristo . <ref name="Atkinson">{{Cite web |last=Atkinson |first=Bryan |date=June 3, 2009 |title=Westside Christian Student Uses Past to Create Future |url=http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=50592 |access-date=November 19, 2014 |website=Lake Oswego Review |archive-date=December 20, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220074736/http://portlandtribune.com/component/content/article?id=50592 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yakundaga umuziki ku rusengero , kandi umuryango w'itorero wamuretse akaguma mu rugo rwabo. Umugore ukorana na Africa New Life Ministries, umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukomoka muri Portland, Oregon , yashakaga kumushyigikira amuha gitari kuko yari azi ubushobozi bwe bwa muzika. <ref name="Mayer"/> Mu 2002, umwaka nigice nyuma yo gutura mumuhanda, Sifa yatsindiye amarushanwa yigihugu yo kuririmba kwandika indirimbo yindirimbo yise Urukundo na sida. Sifa yamenyekanye cyane mu Rwanda kuri televiziyo na radiyo maze atumirwa gukina imbere ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] . == Umwuga wa muzika == == Ubuzima bwite == Ku ya 9 Kanama 2014, Sifa yashakanye n'umugore we Whitney Ferrin, bahuriye muri Warner Pacific College . <ref name="Wedding">{{Cite web |last=Ibambe |first=Jean Paul |date=September 6, 2014 |title=Enric Sifa Mu Byishimo Bikomeye Nyuma Yo Gusezerana N’Umunyamerikakazi |url=http://www.igihe.com/abantu/kubaho/urukundo/article/enric-sifa-mu-byishimo-bikomeye |access-date=November 20, 2014 |website=Igihe}}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2015, Sifa yahawe impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu bucuruzi yakuye muri Warner Pacific kandi arateganya gushinga imishinga myinshi ihuriweho na MyiBOBO LLC kugira ngo ishyigikire umwuga we wa muzika. <ref name="Guerrero">{{Cite web |last=Guerrero |first=Rafael |date=May 21, 2015 |title=Survivor of Rwanda genocide is living proof of the power of love |url=http://www.yakimaherald.com/news/local/survivor-of-rwanda-genocide-is-living-proof-of-the-power/article_e0bb3174-004a-11e5-ad4a-cf6bad2c56e3.html |access-date=June 7, 2015 |website=Yakima Herald}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] idttga2tk31lw62yzahsnopli10sli9 0 13035 140536 137948 2026-09-30T09:29:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140536 wikitext text/x-wiki Manzi Cassa wa menyekanye nka Daddy Cassanova <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924144235/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/abahanzi-20-bazahora-bibukwa-mu-mateka-y-igisekuru-cya-nyuma-jenoside-mu-muziki |url-status=dead }}</ref>ni umwe mu bahanzi nya[[Rwanda Tribune|rwanda]] bashyize itafari rikomeye kumuziki w'u [[Rwanda]] mu bihe bya nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994. Uyu muhanzi ubu nago akibarizwa mu [[Rwanda-Urundi|Rwanda]] aho ubu aherereye mu gihugu cya [[Kanada|Canada]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/imyidagaduro/muzika/article/byinshi-kuri-daddy-cassanova-utifuza-ko-abahanzi-baririmba-ku-rukundo-gusa</ref>. == Amateka == uyu [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] yatangiye [[umuziki]] mu mwaka 1998 ari umubyinnyi mu itsinda rya Cool Family. Ubwo ryatandukanaga muri 2006 yahise atangira kiririmba kugitike nku [[Umuhanzi Kamariza|muhanzi]] wigenga.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://bwiza.com/?umuhanzi-daddy-cassanova-ubarizwa-muri-canada-yatunguranye-mu-ndirimbo-ye-nshya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-24 |archive-date=2022-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924174318/https://bwiza.com/?umuhanzi-daddy-cassanova-ubarizwa-muri-canada-yatunguranye-mu-ndirimbo-ye-nshya |url-status=dead }}</ref> Uyu muhanzi yamenyekanye ku[[Indirimbo y’igihugu|ndirimbo]] nka "My Dance Floor" ,"Ihorere" , "[[Umwaka|Imyaka]] itatu" yatumye izina rye ritumbagira. "Ishiraniro" [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] ya Phocas Fashaho yasubiyemo yatumye agira igitekerezo cyo kuririmba indirimbo ye bwite.<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/72484/-akanyoni-indirimbo-nshya-ya-daddy-cassanova-ikubiyemo-ubuz-72484.html</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] rinpevj673lpi46ku0t184pjs4quy9t 0 13039 140537 138761 2026-09-30T09:29:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140537 wikitext text/x-wiki '''P Fla''' ni umwe mu baraperi u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] rufite bakomeye muri muzika nya[[Rwanda Nziza|rwanda]] mujyana ya Hiphop<ref>https://www.teradignews.rw/riderman-yasubije-p-fla-wavuze-ko-we-na-amag-the-black-atari-abaraperi/</ref>, uyu [[Umugabekazi|mugabo]] ubundi ubusanzwe yitwa Murerwa Amani Hakizimana ariko akaba akoresha izina P Fla muruhando rwa muzika. Uyu [[Umugano|mugabo]] yavutse mu [[Umwaka|mwaka]] wa 1983 avukira mu mujyi wa [[Kigali City Tower|Kigali]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://ar.umuseke.rw/p-fla-kugenda-amahanga-gereza-ibiyobyabwenge-guhinduka.hmtl |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925143456/https://ar.umuseke.rw/p-fla-kugenda-amahanga-gereza-ibiyobyabwenge-guhinduka.hmtl |url-status=dead }}</ref>. == Amateka amuranga == Murerwa Amani Hakizimana wamenyekanye cyane nka P Fla [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza yagiye ayiga ahantu heshi hatandukanye kuko iwabo bakundaga kwimuka kubera akazi ababyeyi be bakoraga. Primaire ya yitangiriye muri Ecole [[Françoise Ellong|Francaise]] I [[Butare]] banyuzamo bajya I Cyangugu ariko bagaruka I [[Butare]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/shira-amatsiko-ku-buzima-p-fla-yabayemo-i-burayi-uko-yirukanywe-akagezwa-i |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-09-25 |archive-date=2022-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220925143456/https://mobile.igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/shira-amatsiko-ku-buzima-p-fla-yabayemo-i-burayi-uko-yirukanywe-akagezwa-i |url-status=dead }}</ref>. Nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenocide]] yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994 yakomereje [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] abanza muri [[Libiya|Libya]] aho umubyeyi we Andre Bumaya yari yagizwe ambasaderi w'u [[Rwanda-Urundi|Rwanda]], aha niho yayarangirije anatangira ayisumbuye. Mu 1998 P Fla yagarutse mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] ahakomereza [[Uburezi mu Rwanda|a]] yisumbuye muri Group Scolaire Officiel de [[Perefegitura ya Butare|Butare]]. Nyuma yaje kwerekeza muri [[Noruveje|Norvege]], aho niho yarangirije [[Amashuri Makuru|amashuri]] y'isumbuye mu ishami ry[[Amategeko ngenga mikorere/ Inteko/Abakandida|'amategeko]]. [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|Indirimbo]] ye yambere yayikoze agarutse mu [[Rwanda]] muri 2008 avuye muri [[Noruveje|Norvege]] aho yakoze [[Indirimbo y’igihugu|indirimbo]] yitwa "Ntuzankinishe" yakozwe na BZB wo muri TFP. Nzamukosha Hadidja ni umubyeyi w'umuraperi P Fla aho yatunguwe no kubona [[umwana]] we PFla akora umuziki kuko ngo nago yaraziko [[umwana]] we yajya mubyo kuririmba kuko yaraziko azaba umunyabujyeni ushushanya<ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/imyidagaduro/article/mama-wa-p-fla-yavuze-ku-mpano-z-umuhungu-wamutunguye-aba-umuraperi</ref> Mu mwaka wa 2010 P Fla yakoze igitaramo cyo kumurika album ye yise "Naguhaye imbaraga" muri St Andre aho yakoreye agera muri million ya mafranga y'u [[RWANDA GREEN FUND|Rwanda]]<ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/87950/p-fla-yasubiye-mu-mateka-yivuga-imyato-anatsa-umuriro-kuri-riderman-amushinja-kwibeshyera--87950.html</ref>. == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuhanzi]] [[Ikiciro:Abahanzi ba abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umunyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Indirimbo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwandan artists]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki nyarwanda]] f2zemv3m1yd9aw3728s4ayl27vchm1h 0 13381 140538 137261 2026-09-30T09:29:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140538 wikitext text/x-wiki Ndayisaba Fabrice akaba ashimira se umubyara Gakwaya Jean Pierre uba muri [[Canada]] wamushyigikiye ku gitekerezo yagize cyogushinga umuryango wa Ndayisaba Fabrice Foundation (NFF [[Rwanda]]), NFF ni umuryango washinzwe nyuma y’uko muri 2006 Ndayisaba Fabrice yahuye n’umunya Cameroun, Samuel Eto’o Fils wakinaga ruhago akamugezaho igitekerezo cye akamufasha, ubu uyu muryango ufite ibiro muri [[IPRC Kigali|IPRC ya Kigali]], intego nk’urubyiruko tugomba gukunda igihugu cyacu kandi tukagikorera, Gahunda iriho ni ugukomeza gufasha abana bari mu kaga no gukomeza kuba hafi abagizweho ingaruka na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|genoside]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-11-14 |archive-date=2020-08-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804164753/https://igihe.com/imikino/indi-mikino/article/nff-rwanda-yatangije-icyumweru-cyo-kwibuka-ibibondo-n-abana-bishwe-muri |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.isimbi.rw/kwibuka/umuryango-ndayisaba-fabrice-foundation-wavuze-impamvu-ibikorwa-byo-kwibuka-bizanyuzwa-mu-ishuri-ryawo-ry-incuke</ref><ref>https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/75668/Sports/ibuka-official-commends-aetoaoa-foundation</ref><ref>https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/79778/kirehe-ndayisaba-fabrice-eto-o-yasangiye-ubunani-n-umwana-w-79778.html</ref> [[Dosiye:Iprc_kigali.jpg|thumb|Iprc kigali]] == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} 56k9yzzmxjbuu02pr2tzz9zt31wjis3 0 13503 140425 136203 2026-09-30T09:12:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Panorama of Schoolgrounds Murambi Genocide Memorial Site.jpg|thumb|455x455px|Urwibutso Rwa Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi rwa Murambi.]] [[Dosiye:RW Murambi (1) (16638079334).jpg|thumb|imbere mu rwibutso rwa jenocide rwa murambi]] '''Urwibutso rwa Murambi''' ni rumwe mu nzibutso z’ingenzi zibumbatiye amateka ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994 mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruherereye mu majyepfo y’u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda,]] hafi y’umujyi wa Nyamagabe umurenge wa Cyanika, akagari ka Murambi, mu mudugudu wa Gasiza<ref>https://igihe.com/amakuru/article/mbabazi-ari-gukora-urugendo-rwo-kwibuka-jenoside-rw-ibilometero-280-n-amaguru</ref>. Ahubatse uru rwibutso hahoze hari ishuri rya tekiniki rya Murambi, aho Abatutsi benshi bari barahahungiye bizeye ubuhungiro n’umutekano mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside.]], bakahicirwa mu buryo bw’agashinyaguro, bikaba ari kimwe mu byabayeho by’agahinda gakomeye mu mateka y’u [[Rwanda Rwacu|Rwanda.]] Mu rwibutso rwa Murambi haruhukiye imibiri y’Abatutsi bishwe bazira uko bavutse muri Jenoside mu 1994, barenga ibihumbi 50, aho guhera tariki 21 Mata 1994 biciwe mu ishuri ryisumbuye ryari ricyubakwa.<ref>[https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umushinjacyaha-w-u-bufaransa-yababajwe-n-amateka-ya-jenoside-i-murambi#:~:text=Jean%2DFran%C3%A7ois%20Ricard%20mu%20Rwibutso%20rwa,mu%20ishuri%20ryisumbuye%20ryari%20ricyubakwa. https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/mu-rwanda/article/umushinjacyaha-w-u-bufaransa-yababajwe-n-amateka-ya-jenoside-i-murambi#:~:text=Jean%2DFran%C3%A7ois%20Ricard%20mu%20Rwibutso%20rwa,mu%20ishuri%20ryisumbuye%20ryari%20ricyubakwa.]</ref> Muri iki gihe, Urwibutso rwa Murambi ni ahantu ho kwibuka no gusigasira amateka, hagamijwe guha icyubahiro abazize jenoside Yakorewe Abatutsi no kwigisha abakiriho akamaro ko kurwanya ingengabitekerezo yayo, bityo hubakwa ejo hazaza harangwa n’amahoro n’ubumwe.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/kwibuka28-mu-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-hibutswe-abarenga-50000-bahashyinguye |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-04-17 |archive-date=2025-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250821035411/https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/kwibuka28-mu-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-hibutswe-abarenga-50000-bahashyinguye |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://ibuka.rw/memorial-sites/murambi</ref> == Uko Rwabayeho == Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibuto esheshatu zizwi cyane mu Rwanda bibukiraho [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu w' 1994 mu Rwanda]] . Ahandi ni [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Urwibutso rwa Kigali]] ku Gisozi, [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Ntarama]],[[Urwibutso rwa jenocide rwa Nyamata|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata]], Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero n'urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye . <ref name="unesco">[https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi], UNESCO, Retrieved 2 March 2015</ref> [[Dosiye:Mummified_victims_of_the_Rwandan_genocide_(1994)_at_Murambi_Technical_School.gif|thumb| imibiri y'abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. (ifoto yafashwe mu 2001)]]Aha niho habereye [[wiktionary:massacre|ubwicanyi]] mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yo mu 1994. Igihe ubwicanyi bwatangiraga, [[Abatutsi|abatutsi bo]] muri ako karere bagerageje kwihisha mu rusengero rwaho. Icyakora, umwepiskopi (umushumba wa kiliziya muri diyosezi) n'umuyobozi w'akarere babashukishije umutego babohereza mu ishuri rya tekiniki, bavuga ko ingabo [[Ubufaransa|z'Abafaransa]] zizabarindira. <ref name="archive">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220717074239/https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/index.php/Murambi_Memorial Murambi Memorial], GencideArchiveRwanda.org, Retrieved 3 March 2016</ref> Ku ya 16 Mata 1994, abarenga abatutsi 65,000 bagiye mu ishuri. Abatutsi bamaze kuhagera, nta mazi cyangwa ibiryo byatanzwe. Ibi byakozwe kugirango abaturage bafite intege nke zo kwirwanaho. Nyuma yo kwirwanaho iminsi mike bakoresheje amabuye, abatutsi barengewe ku ya 21 Mata. Abasirikare b'Abafaransa baburiwe irengero maze ishuri ryibasirwa n’intagondwa z’Abahutu [[Interahamwe]] . Abatutsi bagera ku 20.000 biciwe kuri iryo shuri, kandi abashoboye gutoroka hafi ya bose bishwe bukeye ubwo bagerageza kwihisha mu rusengero rwegereye. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Numbers (HRW Report - Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda, March 1999) |url=https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-04.htm |access-date=2022-03-31 |website=www.hrw.org}}</ref> Umubare w'abantu bapfuye bagera ku 50,000 watanzwe na guverinoma utabariyemo n'umubare w'imibiri yataburuwe, ndetse n'abatarashyinguwe mu cyubahiro. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Through A Glass Darkly |url=http://maps.cga.harvard.edu/rwanda/murambi.html |access-date=2022-04-04 |website=maps.cga.harvard.edu |archive-date=2022-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220530114035/http://maps.cga.harvard.edu/rwanda/murambi.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nk’uko umuyobozi w’urwibutso abitangaza, Abafaransa bazanye ibikoresho biremereye byo gucukura ibyobo byinshi aho hashyizwe imibiri ibihumbi. Bahise bashyira ikibuga cya volley ball hejuru yimva rusange kugirango bagerageze guhisha ibyabaye  . Mu mibiri yerekanwe ubu harimo iy'abana n'impinja. Abantu 34 gusa ni bo bitekerezwa ko barokotse ubwo bwicanyi bwabereye i Murambi. <ref name="archive"/>[[Dosiye:Genocide_Victims_Rwanda_Photo_by_Sascha_Grabow.jpg|thumb| imibiri y'abazize jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mri 1994. (ifoto yafashwe mu 2001)]]Urwibutso rwashinzwe ku ya 21 Mata 1995. rukaba rurimo imva 50,000. <ref name="archive"/> Inyubako y'ishuri ubu ni inzu ndangamurage ya jenoside yerekana amagufwa hamwe n'imibiri ya bamwe mu bihumbi by'abantu biciwe mu Ntara ya Gikongoro mu 1994. Mu bushakashatsi yakoze ku nzibutso za jenoside yakorewe [[Abanyarwanda]], Timothy Longman avuga ko nubwo imirambo yerekanwa i Murambi itangwa nk'iy'abantu biciwe aho, mu byukuri ko ari imirambo yazanywe i Murambi iturutse mu turere tuyikikije. Abiciwe i Murambi bashyinguwe mu mva rusange aho bari mu 1996. <ref>Longman, Timothy. ''Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda''. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2017, pp. 6-7.</ref>. videwo ivuga ku mateka y'urwibutso rwa murambi<ref>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgCSIAr3hJo</ref>.Ku wa 06 Mata 2024, ni bwo Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Burezi, Ubumenyi n’Umuco, UNESCO ryashyikirije Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi, ikimenyetso kirushyira bidasubirwaho mu Murage w’Isi nkahantu habumbatiye amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/nyamagabe-umuyobozi-wa-unesco-yashyize-ikimenyetso-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-kigaragaza-ko-rwinjijwe-mu-murage-wisi |title=Archive copy |access-date=2026-05-15 |archive-date=2025-11-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251116154416/https://www.nyamagabe.gov.rw/default-title-9/nyamagabe-umuyobozi-wa-unesco-yashyize-ikimenyetso-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-murambi-kigaragaza-ko-rwinjijwe-mu-murage-wisi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Reba urwibutso == Tembera urwibutso rwa jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Murambi hamwe n'urugendo rwo kuri murandasi (virtualtour) <ref>http://gmvirtualtour.minubumwe.gov.rw/murambi/</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] {{Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994}} 3g0c3uqmffijf331uv19u2gpdce4cm7 0 13530 140539 136427 2026-09-30T09:29:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140539 wikitext text/x-wiki == LT CORONEL Jackson Rwahama == Lt coloneri Rwahama ni umwe mu ngabo zigihugu zagize uruhare mu rugamba rwo guhagarika [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide]] yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu mwaka wi 1994 gusa kuri ubu akaba ari mungabo zavuye kurugerero. === Amateka === Lt coroneli Rwahama Jackson uretse kuba yaragize uruhare muguhagarika Genocide yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]]<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/kwa-rwahama-uko-uwahoze-ari-umusirikare-yamamaye</ref> adaharaniyye inyyungu ze yaje no kwitirirwa agace kamwe [[Kigali master plan|mumuji wa Kigali]] ahazwi nko kwa Rwahama kuko ari umwe mubahazamuye inzu umuturirwa bwa mbere mu mwaka wi 1995 Genocide ikirangira<ref>https://freerwanda.com/tag/jackson-rwahama-mutabazi/</ref> === Indi mirimo === Lt Coronel Jackson Rwahama yayoboye kenshi ingabo zu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] mu gihe cyo kubohora igihugu Rwahama kandi yabae umuyobozi mukuru wubutasi bwa Gisirikare mu [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] (RPA)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jkanya.free.fr/kalyegira100210.html |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-02 |archive-date=2023-02-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230202212902/http://jkanya.free.fr/kalyegira100210.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Reba === mpnvag1ya054933yz2su29iu8ezzy6y 0 13534 140540 134745 2026-09-30T09:29:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140540 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ingoro ndamurage y' amateka y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994;''' ni imwe mu ngoro ndangamurage umunani ziyobowe n’ishuri [https://www.rwandaheritage.gov.rw/en/home ry’umurage ndangamuco ry’u Rwanda] (RCHA). Yubatswe mu nyubako y’Inteko ishinga amategeko y’u [[Rwanda]] (CND) (yahoze yitwa ''Conseil National de Development'' ) ikaba yarafunguwe mu 2017 na [[Paul Kagame]] hagamijwe kwerekana amateka y’u [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cy'ubukangurambaga bwokurwanya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] . <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Museum for Campaign Against Genocide |url=https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=73 |access-date=2021-06-11 |website=museum.gov.rw |archive-date=2021-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611124839/https://museum.gov.rw/index.php?id=73 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Inyubako y'inteko ishinga amategeko yatoranijwe nk'ahantu hazabera iyi ngoro ndangamurage kuko yari irimo abasirikare 600 bo mu [[Rwanda]], kuva mu Kuboza 1993 kugeza 1994 mu gihe biteguraga gushyiraho guverinoma y'inzibacyuho yagutse n’Inteko ishinga amategeko y'inzibacyuho. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-07-04 |title=What is the message behind monuments at the Campaign against Genocide Museum? |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/what-message-behind-monuments-campaign-against-genocide-museum |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704135425/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/what-message-behind-monuments-campaign-against-genocide-museum |archive-date=2021-07-04 |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> [[Paul Kagame]], Umuyobozi wa RPA w’Ubuyobozi Bukuru, nyuma, mu gihe cya jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu [[Rwanda]], yategetse ko abo basirikare bava mu buroko bwabo kugira ngo bakize Abatutsi ibihumbi bishwe. <ref name=":0"/> Inzu ndangamurage y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside yo mu nteko ishinga amategeko yafunguwe ku ya 4 Nyakanga 2014. <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=2014-07-10 |title=Rwanda launches new tourism destination: Campaign Against Genocide Museum |url=https://www.atta.travel/news/2014/06/rwanda-launches-new-tourism-destination-campaign-against-genocide-museum/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730222531/https://www.atta.travel/news/2014/06/rwanda-launches-new-tourism-destination-campaign-against-genocide-museum/ |archive-date=2021-07-30 |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=ATTA}}</ref> == Intego nyamukuru == Intego nyamukuru y’Ubukangurambaga bwo Kurwanya Jenoside ni uburyo yateguwe kandi ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa n’ingabo z’igihugu cy'uRwanda hatitawe ku kuvana ingabo z’umuryango [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|w’abibumbye]] mu [[Rwanda]] mu gihe cya jenoside. Inzu ndangamurage yerekana kandi uburyo abasirikare magana 600 ba RPA barokoye abahohotewe. Imwe mu nzibutso zizwi cyane ni imbunda ya mashini yakoreshejwe n’ingabo za RPA ziba mu nyubako y’inteko ishinga amategeko mu kugabanya ingufu za jenoside. <ref name=":0"/> <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-07-18 |title=RDF defends war memorial monuments at parliament |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rdf-defends-war-memorial-monuments-at-parliament--1326302 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210730222753/https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rdf-defends-war-memorial-monuments-at-parliament--1326302 |archive-date=2021-07-30 |access-date=2021-07-30 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> == Ibindi wamenya == Ingoro ndamurage y' amateka y'urugamba rwo guhagarika jenocide yakorewe abatutsi muri 1994; irimo ibije bitandukanye bisobanura byimbitse ibice by' amasezerano yasinywe yo guhuza za guverinoma, inama zabaye , n'uragamba rwo guhagarika jenocide.<ref name=":1" /> Bimwe biri munyandiko , mu mashusho na amajwi . == Reba == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website Coordinates: <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>1°57′09″S 30°05′56″E / 1.9526°S 30.0989°E / -1.9526; 30.0989 {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} tt95s5uilf8320jhzdbf1ytgcgo7wcb 0 13915 140541 136004 2026-09-30T09:29:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140541 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox|bodyclass=aho iherereye|above=Afurika y'iburasirazuba|image=[[File:Africa-countries-eastern.png|200px]]|caption=Afurika y'Iburasirazuba|label1=Area|data1=|label2=|data2=|label3=|data3=|label4=|data4=|label5=|data5=}} ==  Afurika y'Iburasirazuba == '''Afurika y'Iburasirazuba''',cyangwa '''Uburasirazuba bwa Afurika''', ni agace gaherereye iburasirazuba bw'umugabane wa [[Afurika]]. Muri gahunda y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ibarurishamibare ry’uturere, uturere10 - 11- (16 *) tugize Afurika y'Iburasirazuba: <ref>{{Cite web |title=United Nations Statistics Division- Standard Country and Area Codes Classifications (M49) |url=http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713041240/http://millenniumindicators.un.org/unsd/methods/m49/m49regin.htm |archive-date=13 July 2011 |access-date=22 September 2008 |website=un.org}}</ref> Bitewe n’amateka y'ubwami bwaOmani n’ubutaka bw’abakoloni b'abongereza bwo mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika ndetse n’Ubudage bw’Uburasirazuba , ijambo ''Afurika y’iburasirazuba'' rikunze gukoreshwa (cyane cyane mu rurimi rw’icyongereza) ryakoreshwaga ryerekeza ku gace ubu kagizwe n’ibihugu bitatu ari byo [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . <ref>"East Africa". ''The New Oxford Dictionary of English'', Judy Pearsall, ed. 2001. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press; p. 582. "The eastern part of the African continent, especially the countries of [[Kenya]], [[Uganda]], and [[Tanzania]]."</ref> <ref>Robert M. Maxon, ''East Africa: An Introductory History'', 2 Revised edition, (West Virginia University: 1994), p. 1</ref> <ref>Mary Fitzpatrick and Tom Parkinson, ''Lonely Planet East Africa'', 7th edition, (Lonely Planet Publications: 2006), p. 13</ref> <ref>Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Ed.'', p. 24</ref> Icyakora, ntabwo bigeze bashyiraho izindi ndimi nyinshi, aho iryo muri rusange hari rifite imiterere yagutse, bityo rikaba ryarimo Djibouti, Eritereya, Etiyopiya, ndetse na Somaliya. <ref name="Somaliland">Somaliland is not included in the United Nations geoscheme, as it is internationally [[Diplomatic recognition|recognized]] as a part of Somalia.</ref> <ref>"East Africa". ''Merriam-Webster's Geographical Dictionary'', 3rd ed. 2001. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc.; p. 339. "A term often used of the area now comprising the countries of Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, and Somalia; sometimes used to include also other neighboring countries of E Africa."</ref> <ref>Encyclopædia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.61</ref> <ref>"East Africa". ''Encyclopedia of Food and Culture.'' 2003. The Gage Group Inc. "East Africa comprises ten countries: Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, Uganda, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Somalia, and Kenya."</ref> <ref>Sandra Fullerton Joireman, ''Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa'', (Universal-Publishers: 1997), p.1</ref> * [[Tanzaniya]], [[Kenya]], [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] na [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] ni ibihugu by'abanyamuryango [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|b'Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]] . Batanu ba mbere banashyizwe mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari]] bya Afurika. Rimwe na rimwe u Burundi n'u Rwanda bifatwa nk'igice cya Afurika yo hagati .  <ref>{{Cite web |date=17 August 2017 |title=Eastern Africa region |url=https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/oceans-seas/what-we-do/working-regional-seas/regional-seas-programmes/eastern-africa}}</ref> * [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]] na [[Somaliya]] bizwi ku izina rya Ihembe rya Afurika . <ref name="Stock">Robert Stock, ''Africa South of the Sahara, Second Edition: A Geographical Interpretation'', (The Guildford Press; 2004), p. 26</ref> <ref name="IRIN">{{Cite web |title=IRIN – Horn of Africa |url=http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Region.aspx?Region=HOA&Service=ENG |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828095316/http://www.irinnews.org//Africa-Region.aspx?Region=HOA&Service=ENG |archive-date=28 August 2010 |access-date=14 April 2008 |website=IRINnews}}</ref> <ref name="Hodd">Michael Hodd, ''East Africa Handbook'', 7th Edition, (Passport Books: 2002), p. 21: "To the north are the countries of the Horn of Africa comprising Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia."</ref> <ref name="Britannica">Encyclopedia Britannica, inc, Jacob E. Safra, ''The New Encyclopedia Britannica'', (Encyclopædia Britannica: 2002), p.61: "The northern mountainous area, known as the Horn of Africa, comprises Djibouti, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia and Somaliland."</ref> <ref name="Joireman">Sandra Fullerton Joireman, ''Institutional Change in the Horn of Africa'', (Universal-Publishers: 1997), p.1: "The Horn of Africa encompasses the countries of Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti and Somalia. These countries share similar peoples, languages, and geographical endowments."</ref> Aka gace nuburasirazuba bwiburasirazuba bwumugabane wa Afrika. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview of Module Twenty: Southern Africa |url=http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/unit-four/module-twenty/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111220613/http://exploringafrica.matrix.msu.edu/curriculum/unit-four/module-twenty/ |archive-date=11 January 2019 |access-date=18 May 2018 |website=Exploring Africa}}</ref> * [[Komore|Comoros]], [[Morise|Maurice]], na [[Seyishele|Seychelles]] - ibihugu bito birwa mu nyanja y'Ubuhinde .[[Dosiye:East_African_Community_heads_of_state.jpg|thumb|East African Community heads of state (2010)]] * [[Reyiniyo|Réunion]], [[Mayoti|Mayotte]] (mu turere tumwe na tumwe two mu birwa bya Comoro ) hamwe n'ibirwa bitatanye mu nyanja y'Abahinde - Uturere two mu Bufaransa two mu mahanga na two mu nyanja y'Abahinde. * [[Mozambike]] na [[Madagasikari]] - bikunze gufatwa nk'igice cya Afrika yepfo, ku ruhande rwiburasirazuba bwumugabane. Madagasikari ifitanye isano rya hafi n’umuco wo mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bw'Aziya na Afurika y’iburasirazuba, ndetse n’ibirwa byo mu nyanja y’Ubuhinde . * [[Malawi]], [[Zambiya]], na [[Zimbabwe]] - akenshi na byo byashyizwe muri Afurika y'Epfo, kandi byahoze bigize Federasiyo yo Hagati (bizwi kandi n'amateka nka ''Federasiyo ya Rodeziya na Nyasaland'' ). * [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani yepfo]] na [[Sudani]] - hamwe igice [[Nili|cyikibaya cya Nili]] . Ziherereye mu gice cy'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwumugabane. <ref name="EAPP">{{Cite web |title=Eastern Africa Power Pool |url=http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/events/2013/July/Afriac%20CEC%20session%202_EAPP_Gebrehiwot_220613.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007054320/http://irena.org/DocumentDownloads/events/2013/July/Afriac%20CEC%20session%202_EAPP_Gebrehiwot_220613.pdf |archive-date=7 October 2016 |access-date=15 October 2014 |publisher=EAPP}}</ref> Abanyamuryango b’isoko rusange rya Afrika y'uburasirazuba n’amajyepfo (COMESA) agace k'ubucuruzi bwisanzuye. == Imiterere n'ikirere == [[Dosiye:Aqua_rwanda_05jun04_250m.jpg|thumb| Ishusho yakarere kari hagati y'ikiyaga cya Victoria (iburyo) n’ibiyaga Edward, [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Kivu]] na Tanganyika (kuva mu majyaruguru ugana mu majyepfo) byerekana ibimera byinshi (icyatsi kibisi) n'umuriro (umutuku).]] Bimwe mu bice by'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byamamaye cyane kubera ko ahanini bikungahaye ku nyamaswa zo mu gasozi nini cyane kurusha izindi, nka " bitanu binini ": inzovu, inyamanswa, intare, imvubu z'umukara, n'ingwe, nubwo abaturage bagiye bagabanuka kubera imihangayiko yiyongereye mu bihe byashize, cyane cyane iz'inzovu n'inzovu. Imiterere y'Afrika y'uburasirazuba ikunze kuba myiza Yakozwe cyane cyane n'imbaraga za tectonic y'isi yose yashyizeho ibibaya bya Afurika yuburasirazuba, Afrika y'uburasirazuba niho hari umusozi wa Kilimanjaro nu musozi wa Kenya, impinga ebyiri ndende muri Afrika. Harimo kandi ikiyaga cya kabiri kinini ku isi gifite amazi meza, ikiyaga cya Victoria, n’ikiyaga cya kabiri cyimbitse ku isi, ikiyaga cya Tanganyika . Ikirere cy'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ntigisanzwe. Kubera guhuza ubutumburuke muri kariya karere muri rusange hamwe n'igicucu cyimvura y'umuyaga w’iburengerazuba watewe n’imisozi ya Rwenzori n’imisozi miremire ya Etiyopiya, Afurika y’iburasirazuba igira igihe cy'ubukonje cyangwa ubushyuhe bitunguranye kubera ubutumburuke bwaho. Mu by'ukuri, ku nkombe za Somaliya, imyaka myinshi ishobora kugenda nta mvura iyo ari yo yose. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=3457–3466}}</ref> Ahandi imvura y'umwaka muri rusange yiyongera yerekeza mu majyepfo hamwe n'ubutumburuke, hafi 400 mm (16) muri) i [[Mogadishu]] na 1,200 mm (47) muri) i Mombasa ku nkombe, mu gihe imbere yiyongera kuva 130 mm (5 muri) i Garoowe kugeza hejuru ya 1,100 mm (43) muri) i Moshi hafi ya Kilimanjaro. harihariye, [[Itumba|imvura]] nyinshi igwa mu bihe ''bibiri'' bitandukanye, kimwe cy'ibanze muri Mata ikindi mu Kwakira cyangwa Ugushyingo. Ubusanzwe ibyo biterwa no kunyura muri Intertropical Convergence Zone hirya no hino mukarere muri ayo mezi, ariko bishobora no kugereranywa nimvura yaguye y'ibice bya [[Siri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], [[Viyetinamu|Vietnam]], na Nordeste yo muri Berezile. Iburengerazuba bw'imisozi miremire ya Rwenzori na Etiyopiya, imiterere y'imvura ikunze kuba mu turere dushyuha, imvura ikagwa umwaka wose mu nkengero za ekwateri ndetse n'igihe kimwe cy'imvura mu bice bikunze kubamo imisozi miremire ya Etiyopiya kuva muri Kamena kugeza muri Nzeri buri mwaka - imvura iboneka kugeza muri Nyakanga na Kanama hafi ya [[Asmara]] . Imvura mu mwaka igwa muri ako gace iri hagati ya 1,600 mm (63) muri) kumusozi w'iburengerazuba kugera kuri 1,250 mm (49) muri) i [[Addis Ababa|Addis Abeba]] na 550 mm (22) in) kuri Asmara. Ku misozi miremire imvura ishobora kurenga 2,500 mm (98) in) . Imvura muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba irangwa n'ibihe bibiri by'imvura, imvura nyinshi igwa kuva muri Werurwe kugeza Gicurasi n'imvura nkeya igwa kuva Ukwakira kugeza mu kwezi kw'Ukuboza. ibi bihindagurika ahanini bitewe n'ibyabaye muri El Niño hamwe na Dipole nziza yo mu nyanja y'Abahinde . Ibikorwa bya El Nino bikunze kongera imvura usibye mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'imisozi miremire ya Etiyopiya na Eritereya, aho bitera amapfa n'umwuzure muke wa [[Nili]] . <ref>{{Cite book|pages=263–266}}</ref> Mu buryo nk'ubwo, Dipole nziza yo mu nyanja y'Abahinde itera ubushyuhe bwo hejuru y’inyanja ku nkombe za Afurika y'Iburasirazuba kandi bigatuma imvura yiyongera cyane cyane muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=360–363}}</ref> Ubushyuhe muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, usibye ku mukandara ushyushye kandi usanzwe ufite ubushuhe bwo ku nkombe, biringaniye, hagati ya ya dogere z'ubushyuhe igera kuri 25 (77) ° F) na dogere z'ubushyuhe ya 15 ° C (59) ° F) ku butumburuke bwa metero 1,500 (4,921 ft) . Ku butumburuke buri hejuru ya metero 2,500 (8,202 ft), ubukonje burasanzwe mugihe cy'izuba na maxima mu bisanzwe nka 21 ° C (70 ° F) cyangwa munsi yayo. Ubutaka budasanzwe kandi bigaragara ko bukwiye [[Ubuhinzi|guhingwa]] bwatumye Afurika y'Iburasirazuba iba intandaro yo gushakishwa, gukoreshwa no gukolonizwa byakozwe n'ibihugu byo mu [[Burayi]] mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda. Muri iki gihe, ubukerarugendo ni igice cy'ingenzi mu bukungu bwa Kenya, Tanzaniya, Seychelles, na Uganda. Ahantu h'iburasirazuba cyane ku mugabane, ni Ras Hafun muri Somaliya, ni ngombwa mu bucukumbuzi, amateka n'ubukungu . <ref name="Ncaaroth1975">{{Cite book|pages=117–133}}</ref> == Amateka ==     === Imbanzirizamateka ===   Dukurikije inyandiko zivuga kunkomoko ya Afurika iheruka y’abantu b'iki gihe, imyizerere yiganjemo abantu benshi mu bushakashatsi mu by'ibisigaramatongo, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu karere [[Ibiyaga Bigari|k'ibiyaga bigari by'Afurika]] niho abantu ba none bagaragaye bwa mbere. <ref name="Agegmowhsh">{{Cite journal|pages=230–7}}</ref> Hariho ibitekerezo bitandukanye byagaragaje ko niba habayeho intangiriro imwe cyangwa nyinshi; icyitegererezo cyo gutatanya kirimo ibitekerezo byo mu majyepfo. Bamwe mu bashakashatsi bavuze ko Afurika y'Amajyaruguru ari akarere k'Afurika aho abantu ba none bava mu mugabane wa mbere. <ref name="pmid21212332">{{Cite journal|pages=20–3}}</ref> Dukurikije ibimenyetso biranga uturemangingo tw'umuntu n’ibinyabuzima muri rusange, hagaragajwe ko kera mbere ya Homo sapiens yihinduranyije abantu bariho ubu mu buryo bwa anatomique mu ihembe ry'Afurika mu myaka 200.000 ishize maze itatana aho. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=477–89}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=10699–704}}</ref> Kumenyekanisha ''Homo sapiens idaltu'' na Omo Kibish nkabantu bagezweho muri anatomique byaba bifite ishingiro ibisobanuro byabantu bo muri iki gihe hamwe nizina ryitwa '''''Homo sapiens sapiens''''' . Kuberako bakundana hakiri kare nibiranga umubiri bidasanzwe idaltu na kibish byerekana abakurambere b'abantu ba kijyambere nkuko bigaragazwa ni igitekerezo cyo hanze y' Afrika . <ref>{{Cite web |date=11 January 2012 |title=Meet the Contenders for Earliest Modern Human |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/meet-the-contenders-for-earliest-modern-human-17801455/?no-ist |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160602143353/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/meet-the-contenders-for-earliest-modern-human-17801455/?no-ist |archive-date=2 June 2016 |access-date=8 June 2016 |publisher=Smithsonian}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=733–736}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=199–219}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Red_Sea2.png|left|thumb| Kwambuka Bab-el-Mandeb mu nyanja Itukura : ubu ibirometero 12 (20)&nbsp;km) ubugari, bugufi mu mateka.]] Mu mwaka wa 2017, habonetse ibisigazwa by’abantu bigezweho, byanditswe mu myaka 300.000 ishize i Jebel Irhoud muri Maroc, byerekana ko abantu ba none bavutse kare kandi bishoboka ko mu gace kanini ka Afurika kuruta uko babitekerezaga. Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ni kamwe mu turere twa mbere aho ''Homo sapiens'' ikekwa kuba. Ibimenyetso byabonetse mu mwaka wa 2018, guhera mu myaka igera ku 320.000 ishize, ku rubuga rwa Kenya rwa Olorgesailie, hagaragaye hakiri kare imyitwarire igezweho ifitanye isano na ''Homo sapiens'', harimo: imiyoboro y'ubucuruzi ndende (irimo ibicuruzwa nka obsidian), ikoreshwa pigment, hamwe nibishoboka byo gukora ingingo. Byagaragajwe n’abanditsi b’ubushakashatsi butatu bwa 2018 kuri uru rubuga, ko ibimenyetso by’imyitwarire bigereranywa n’ibisigazwa bya kera bya ''Homo sapiens'' bizwi kuva muri Afurika (nko kuri Jebel Irhoud na Florisbad ), kandi bavuga ko bigoye kandi bigezweho imyitwarire yari imaze gutangira muri Afrika mugihe cyo kuvuka kwa ''Homo sapiens'' . <ref name="Brooks">{{Cite journal|pages=90–94}}</ref> Muri Nzeri 2019, abahanga bavuze ko biyemeje gukoresha mudasobwa, bashingiye kuri 260 CT, yerekana ishusho ya gihanga ya ba sekuruza ba nyuma basanzwe ku bantu ba none / ''H. sapiens'', uhagarariye sapiens ya mbere ya ''Homo'', maze bavuga ko ''Homo sapiens'' yavutse hagati ya 350.000. n'imyaka 260.000 ishize binyuze mu guhuza abaturage muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afrika yepfo]] nuburasirazuba. Inzira yo kwimuka yigitekerezo cya "Hanze ya Afrika" birashoboka ko yabereye muri Afrika yuburasirazuba ariko binyuze kuri Bab el Mandeb Uyu munsi ku kirwa cya Bab-el-Mandeb, Inyanja Itukura ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 20, ariko mu myaka 50.000 ishize yari ndende cyane kandi inyanja yari munsi ya metero 70. Nubwo inzitizi zitigeze zifungwa burundu, hashobora kuba hari ibirwa hagati yabyo byagerwaho hakoreshejwe ibiti byoroshye. Bimwe mu bisigazwa bya skelete ya hominin byavumbuwe mu karere kanini, harimo ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima byavumbuwe mu kibaya cya Awash muri [[Etiyopiya]], ndetse no muri Koobi Fora muri Kenya na Gorge ya Olduvai muri Tanzaniya. Igice cyo mu majyepfo ya Afurika y’iburasirazuba cyigaruriwe kugeza mu bihe byashize abahinzi-borozi bahiga Khoisan, mu gihe mu misozi ya Etiyopiya [[Indogoba|indogobe n’ibiti]] by’ibihingwa nka teff byatumye itangira [[Ubuhinzi|ry’ubuhinzi]] ahagana mu 7000 mbere ya Yesu Inzitizi zo mu bibaya n’indwara ziterwa na isazi ya tsetse ariko, yabujije indogobe n'ubuhinzi gukwira mu majyepfo. Gusa mu bihe bya vuba aha ubuhinzi bwakwirakwiriye mu turere twinshi two mu majyepfo ya ekwateri, binyuze mu gukwirakwiza [[inka]], intama n'ibihingwa nka shitingi . Ikwirakwizwa ry’indimi ryerekana ko ibyo bishoboka cyane ko byaturutse muri Sudani bikinjira mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika, kubera ko indimi za Nilotic zavuzwe n’aba bahinzi babanjirije Bantu zifite bene wabo ba hafi mu kibaya cya Nili rwagati. === Amateka ya kera ===   [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], [[Eritereya]], [[Etiyopiya]], [[Somaliya]], n'inkombe z'inyanja Itukura ya [[Sudani]] bifatwa nk'ahantu hashobora kuba hashobora kuba hari igihugu kizwi ku Banyamisiri ba kera nka ''Punt'' . Ubwami bwa kera bwavuzwe bwa mbere bwatangiye mu kinyejana cya 25 mbere ya Yesu. Abapuntite ba kera bari ishyanga ryabantu bafitanye umubano wa hafi na Egiputa ya Farawo mugihe cya Farawo Sahure numwamikazi Hatshepsut . Ubwami bwa Aksum bwari ubwami bw'ubucuruzi bushingiye muri Eritereya no mu majyaruguru ya Etiyopiya. Yabayeho kuva mu 100-940 nyuma ya Yesu, ikura kuva muri proto-Aksumite Iron Iron c. Ikinyejana cya 4 mbere ya Yesu kugira ngo tugere ku kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu. Ubu bwami buvugwa muri ''Periplus yo mu nyanja ya Erythraean'' nk'ahantu h'isoko rikomeye ry’inzovu, zoherejwe mu isi ya kera. Aksum icyo gihe yategekwaga na Zoskales, wanayoboraga icyambu cya Adulis . Abategetsi ba Aksumite borohereje ubucuruzi bahindura ifaranga ryabo rya Aksumite . Leta kandi yashyizeho umutegetsi ukomeye ku Bwami bwa Kush bwagabanutse kandi buri gihe yinjiraga muri politiki y’ubwami ku kirwa cy’Abarabu, amaherezo ikagura ubutegetsi bwayo muri ako karere hamwe n’ubwami bwa Himyarite . ==== Kwaguka kwa Bantu ==== Hagati yimyaka 2500 na 3000 ishize, Bantu -abantu bavuga batangiye urukurikirane rwimuka rwimyaka igihumbi rwimuka rwerekeza iburasirazuba bava mu gihugu cyabo bakikije amajyepfo ya [[Kameruni]]. Uku kwaguka kwa Bantu kwinjije ubuhinzi mu gice kinini cy’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika. Mu binyejana cumi na bitanu byakurikiyeho, Bantu yakajije umurego mu buhinzi no kurisha mu turere twose dukwiye two muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba, muri ubwo buryo bwo kuvugana n'abimukira bo muri Ositaraliya - n'abarabu bavuga [[Icyarabu|ururimi rw'icyarabu]] mu turere two mu majyepfo. Aba nyuma kandi bakwirakwije [[Islamu|Islam]] mu mukandara w’inyanja, ariko Bantu benshi bakomeje kuba abayoboke b’amadini gakondo yo muri Afurika . [[Dosiye:East_and_southern_africa_early_iron_age.png|right|thumb| Ubushakashatsi bwambere bwicyuma muri Afrika yuburasirazuba nu majyepfo]] Mu gihe cyibinyejana byinshi, abantu benshi bahiga-bahiga barimuwe kandi barigaruriwe n’imiryango ya Bantu yinjira, ndetse n’abaturage ba Nilotic nyuma. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ch |first=Nikhil |last2=wani |date=2019-12-15 |title=Forgotten Ancient History of East Africa |url=https://nykdaily.com/2019/12/forgotten-ancient-history-of-east-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013172842/https://nykdaily.com/2019/12/forgotten-ancient-history-of-east-africa/ |archive-date=13 October 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=NYK Daily |language=en}}</ref> Kwaguka kwa Bantu kwari uruhererekane rurerure rwo kwimuka ku mubiri, gukwirakwiza ururimi n'ubumenyi mu baturage baturanye ndetse no mu baturage baturanye, no gushyiraho amatsinda mashya ya sosiyete arimo gushyingiranwa hagati y'abaturage n'amatsinda mato yimukira mu baturage no mu matsinda mato yimukira mu gishya uturere. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bantu Migration {{!}} World Civilization |url=https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-bantu-migration/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013172753/https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldcivilization/chapter/the-bantu-migration/ |archive-date=13 October 2022 |access-date=2020-05-29 |website=courses.lumenlearning.com}}</ref> Nyuma yo kwimuka bava mu gihugu cyabo cya mbere muri Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, Bantus yanahuye no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati bwa Afurika abantu bakomoka muri Cushitike .  Nkuko ijambo ry’inka rikoreshwa mu matsinda mato y’abashumba ya Bantu ya none abigaragaza, abimukira ba Bantu bari kubona [[inka]] mu baturanyi babo bashya ba Cushitike. Ibimenyetso by’indimi byerekana kandi ko Bantus ashobora kuba yaratijwe umuco wo koroza inka abaturage bo muri Cushitike bo muri ako karere. <ref>J. D. Fage, A history of Africa, Routledge, 2002, p.29</ref> Ku gice cyo ku nkombe z'akarere k'ibiyaga bigari byo muri Afurika, undi muryango wavanze wa Bantu wateye imbere binyuze mu guhura n'abacuruzi b'Abarabu n'Abaperesi b'Abayisilamu, biganisha ku iterambere ry’ibihugu bivangwa n'Abarabu, Abaperesi n'Abanyafurika b'Abaswahili . Umuco w'igiswahiri wagaragaye muri uku kungurana ibitekerezo ugaragaza ingaruka nyinshi z'Abarabu n'Abisilamu zitagaragara mu muco gakondo wa Bantu, kimwe n'abayoboke benshi b'Abanyafurika n'Abarabu bo mu bwoko bw'Abaswahili . Hamwe n’umuryango wambere w’ijambo ryibanze ku bice byo ku nkombe za [[Tanzaniya]] (cyane cyane Zanzibar ) na [[Kenya]] - inyanja y’inyanja yiswe inkombe y’igiswahiri - [[Igiswahili|ururimi rw’igiswahiri]] rukubiyemo amagambo menshi y’inguzanyo [[Icyarabu|y’icyarabu]] nk’imikoranire. <ref>Daniel Don Nanjira, African Foreign Policy and Diplomacy: From Antiquity to the 21st Century, ABC-CLIO, 2010, p.114</ref> Abaturage ba mbere ba Bantu bo mu nkombe z’iburasirazuba bwa Kenya na Tanzaniya bahuye n’aba nyuma b’abimukira b’Abarabu n’Abaperesi bamenyekanye mu buryo butandukanye hamwe n’imidugudu y’ubucuruzi ya Rhapta, Azania na Menouthias ivugwa mu nyandiko za mbere z’Abagereki n’Ubushinwa kuva mu mwaka wa 50 kugeza mu wa 500 AD, <ref>Casson, Lionel (1989). The Periplus Maris Erythraei. Lionel Casson. (Translation by H. Frisk, 1927, with updates and improvements and detailed notes). Princeton, Princeton University Press.</ref> <ref>Chami, F. A. (1999). "The Early Iron Age on Mafia Island and its relationship with the mainland." Azania Vol. XXXIV 1999, pp. 1–10.</ref> <ref>Chami, Felix A. 2002. "The Egypto-Graeco-Romans and Paanchea/Azania: sailing in the Erythraean Sea." From: Red Sea Trade and Travel. The British Museum. Sunday 6 October 2002. Organised by The Society for Arabian Studies</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Weilue: The Peoples of the West |url=http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171223070446/http://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html |archive-date=23 December 2017 |access-date=2 January 2014 |website=depts.washington.edu}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Klein |first=Martin A. |last2=Wesley Johnson |first2=G. |date=2010-01-08 |title=Perspectives on the African past – Google Books |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ua_tAAAAMAAJ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013172753/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ua_tAAAAMAAJ |archive-date=13 October 2022 |access-date=2020-05-24}}</ref> <ref>Hill, John E. 2004. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050315032618/http://depts.washington.edu/uwch/silkroad/texts/weilue/weilue.html ''The Peoples of the West from the Weilue'' {{lang|zh-Hant|魏略}} ''by Yu Huan'' {{lang|zh-Hant|魚豢}}'': A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between 239 and 265 CE.''] Draft annotated English translation. See especially Section&nbsp;15 on ''Zesan'' = Azania and notes.</ref> amaherezo bituma izina rya [[Tanzaniya]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=isbn:0714611026 - Google Search |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0714611026 |website=books.google.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=isbn:1743213026 – Google Search |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1743213026 |website=books.google.com}}</ref> Izi nyandiko zo hambere wenda zerekana umuraba wambere wabimukira Bantu bageze muri Afrika yuburasirazuba bwo hagati mugihe bimukiye. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 14 na 15, havutse ubwami n’ibihugu binini byo mu biyaga bigari byo muri Afurika, nk'ubwami bwa Buganda <ref name="Roland Oliver 1800. pp. 24-25">Roland Oliver, et al. "Africa South of the Equator," in Africa Since 1800. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005, pp. 24–25.</ref> na Karagwe <ref name="Roland Oliver 1800. pp. 24-25" /> bwa Uganda na Tanzaniya. === Amateka ahari ubu === The [[Porutigali|Portuguese]] were the first Europeans to explore the region of current-day [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya|Tanzania]], and [[Mozambike|Mozambique]] by sea. Vasco da Gama visited Mombasa in 1498. Da Gama's voyage was successful in reaching [[Ubuhinde|India]], which permitted the Portuguese to trade with the Far East directly by sea. This in turn challenged the older trading networks of mixed land and sea routes, such as the spice trade routes which utilized the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and camel caravans to reach the eastern Mediterranean.<ref>{{Cite journal|pages=153–157}}</ref> Repubulika ya Venise yari imaze kugenzura inzira nyinshi z'ubucuruzi hagati y'Uburayi na [[Aziya]]. Nyuma y’inzira gakondo z’ubutaka zerekeza mu Buhinde n’Abanyaturukiya ba Ottoman, Porutugali yizeye gukoresha inzira y’inyanja yabanjirijwe na da Gama kugira ngo icike monopole y’ubucuruzi ya Venetiya. Ubutegetsi bw'igiportigale mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika byibanze cyane cyane ku nkombe z'inyanja zishingiye kuri Mombasa. Kuba Abanyaportigale bari muri ako gace byatangiye ku mugaragaro nyuma ya 1505, igihe ibendera ryayoborwaga na Don Francisco de Almeida ryigarurira Kilwa, ikirwa giherereye mu majyepfo ya [[Tanzaniya]] . Muri Werurwe 1505, amaze guhabwa na Manuel wa mbere wa Porutugali ishyirwaho rya viceroy ku butaka bushya bwigaruriwe mu Buhinde, yafashe ubwato ava i Lisbonne ayobora amato manini kandi akomeye, maze agera muri Nyakanga i Quiloa ( Kilwa ), aremera. we hafi nta rugamba. Imyigaragambyo ikomeye cyane yatanzwe naba Moors ba Mombasa. Icyakora, umujyi wafashwe urasenywa, kandi ubutunzi bunini bwawo bwagiye gushimangira umutungo wa Almeida. Ibitero byakurikiye kuri Hoja (ubu bizwi ku izina rya Ungwana, biherereye ku nkombe y’umugezi wa Tana ), Barawa, Angoche, Pate ndetse n’indi mijyi yo ku nkombe kugeza igihe inyanja y’Ubuhinde yari ahantu hizewe hagamijwe inyungu z’ubucuruzi bwa Porutugali. Ahandi hantu yari mu nzira, nk'izinga rya Angediva, hafi ya Goa, na Cannanore, Abanyaportigale bubatse ibihome, kandi bafata ingamba zo kurinda ubutegetsi bwa Porutugali. Intego nyamukuru ya Porutugali ku nkombe y’igiswahiri kwari ukugenzura ubucuruzi bw’ibirungo biva mu barabu . Kuri iki cyiciro, kuba Abanyaportigale muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byari bigamije kugenzura ubucuruzi mu nyanja y'Abahinde no kubona inzira z'inyanja zihuza Uburayi na Aziya. Amato y’amato yo muri Porutugali yahungabanije cyane ubucuruzi bw’abanzi ba Porutugali mu nyanja y’Uburengerazuba bw’Ubuhinde kandi bashoboye gusaba imisoro ihanitse ku bintu byatwarwaga mu nyanja kubera ko bagenzuraga ibyambu n’inzira zoherejwe. Iyubakwa rya Fort Jesus i Mombasa mu 1593 ryari rigamije gushimangira ubutegetsi bwa Porutugali muri ako karere, ariko uruhare rwabo rwakuweho n’Abarabu [[Ubwongereza|b'Abongereza]], Abadage na [[Omani]] binjira mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari mu kinyejana cya 17. Abarabu bo muri Omani bahanganye n’ingutu n’igiporutugali mu karere k’ibiyaga bigari bya Afurika. Kugeza magingo aya, Ingoma ya Porutugali yari imaze gutakaza inyungu zayo mu bucuruzi bw’ibirungo by’inyanja kubera kugabanuka kw’ubucuruzi. Abarabu bigaruriye byinshi mu bucuruzi bw’inyanja y’Ubuhinde, bahatira Abanyaportigale gusubira mu majyepfo aho bagumye muri Afurika y’iburasirazuba bwa Porutugali (Mozambike) nkabategetsi bonyine kugeza Mozambike yigenga mu 1975. Abakoloni b'Abarabu bakolonije ku nkombe za Kenya na Tanzaniya byatumye ibihugu byahoze byigenga bigenzurwa n’amahanga kandi bigategekwa kuruta uko byari bimeze mu gihe cya Porutugali. Kimwe nabababanjirije, abarabu ba Omani bashoboye cyane cyane kugenzura uturere two ku nkombe, ntabwo imbere. Icyakora, ishyirwaho ry’ibihingwa, kongerera ingufu ubucuruzi bw’abacakara no kwimura [[umurwa]] mukuru wa Omani muri Zanzibar mu 1839 na Seyyid Said byagize ingaruka zo gushimangira ingufu za Omani mu karere. Imiyoborere y’Abarabu ku byambu byose bikomeye ku nkombe z’igiswahiri yarakomeje kugeza igihe inyungu z’Abongereza zigamije cyane cyane guhagarika ubucuruzi bw’abacakara no gushyiraho gahunda y’imishahara itangira gushyira igitutu ku butegetsi bwa Omani. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, ubucuruzi bw'abacakara ku nyanja ifunguye bwari bwarabujijwe burundu n'Abongereza kandi Abarabu bo muri Omani nta bushobozi buke bari bafite bwo kurwanya ubushobozi bw'amato y'Abongereza bwo gushyira mu bikorwa ayo mabwiriza. Kubaho kwa Omani byakomeje muri Zanzibar na Pemba kugeza Revolution ya Zanzibar mu 1964. Icyakora, kuba Abarabu bemewe muri Arabiya muri Kenya byagenzuwe n’uko Abadage n’Abongereza bafashe ibyambu by’ingenzi ndetse no gushyiraho ubufatanye bukomeye bw’ubucuruzi n’abayobozi bakomeye bo mu nzego z'ibanze mu 1880. ==== Igihe cyubwami bw'abami bw'iburayi ==== [[Dosiye:Britisheastafrica_1.png|thumb| Ikarita ya Afrika y'Uburasirazuba bw'Ubwongereza mu 1911]] Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 19 na 20, Afurika y'Iburasirazuba yabaye ikinamico yo guhatana hagati y'ibihugu bikomeye by'iburayi by'iburayi by'icyo gihe. Amabara atatu yingenzi yigihugu cya Afrika yari beige, umutuku, nubururu. Umutuku wagereranya Abongereza, ubururu bugereranya Abafaransa, naho beige igereranya Ubudage mugihe cyabakoloni. Mugihe cya Scramble for Afrika, ibihugu hafi ya byose byo mukarere kanini kurwego rutandukanye byabaye igice cyubwami bwabakoloni bwi Burayi. [[Porutigali|Porutugali]] yari yabanje kwerekana igihagararo gikomeye mu majyepfo ya [[Mozambike]] no mu nyanja y'Abahinde kuva mu kinyejana cya 15, mu gihe muri icyo gihe imitungo yabo yagendaga yiyongera harimo ibice byo mu majyaruguru ya Mozambike, kugeza i Mombasa muri Kenya y'ubu. Ku kiyaga cya Malawi, amaherezo bahuye n’uburinzi bwa Nyasaland bw’Abongereza buherutse gushingwa (muri iki gihe [[Malawi]] ), buzengurutse ikiyaga kitazwi ku mpande eshatu, bituma Abanyaportigale bagenzura inkombe z’iburasirazuba. Ingoma y'Ubwongereza yakandagiye mu bihugu bikoreshwa cyane muri ako karere kandi bitanga icyizere bigura ubu [[Ubugande|Uganda]], na [[Kenya]] . Protectorate ya [[Ubugande|Uganda]] na Koloni ya [[Kenya]] yari iherereye mu butaka bukize cyane bukenewe mu guhinga ibihingwa ngengabukungu nka [[Ikawa|kawa]] n'icyayi, ndetse n'ubworozi bukomoka ku nka n'ihene, nk'inyama [[Ihene|z'ihene]], inyama z'inka na amata . Byongeye kandi, kariya gace kari gafite amahirwe yo kwaguka gutuwe cyane, gakwiranye no kwimura umubare munini w’abenegihugu b’abongereza muri ako karere. Ikirere cyiganje hamwe n’imiterere y’imiterere y’imiterere y’akarere byatumye hashyirwaho imidugudu y’iterambere ry’iburayi nka [[Nairobi]], Vila Pery, Vila Junqueiro, Porto Amélia, [[Maputo|Lourenço Marques]] na Entebbe . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Cunningham |first=James Frederick |year=1905 |title=Uganda and Its Peoples: Notes on the Protectorate of Uganda, Especially the Anthropology and Ethnology of Its Indigenous Races |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=71UBAAAAMAAJ&q=The+Protectorate+of+Uganda&pg=PR1}}</ref> [[Ubufaransa|Abafaransa]] batuye ikirwa kinini cy'inyanja y'Ubuhinde (na kane mu bunini ku isi), [[Madagasikari]], hamwe n'itsinda ry’ibirwa bito hafi aho, aribyo [[Reyiniyo|Réunion]] na [[Komore|Comoros]] . <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=E30–E31}}</ref> Madagasikari yabaye umwe mu bwami bwa gikoloni bw’Abafaransa nyuma y’ibitero bibiri bya gisirikare byibasiye ubwami bwa Madagasikari, byatangiye nyuma yo kumvisha u Bwongereza kureka inyungu zabwo muri icyo kirwa kugira ngo bugenzure Zanzibar ku nkombe za Tanganyika, ihuriro rikomeye ry’ibirungo . ubucuruzi. Abongereza kandi bari bafite ubukoloni bw’ibirwa byinshi muri kariya karere, harimo ikirwa cyagutse cya [[Seyishele|Seychelles]] ndetse n’izinga rikungahaye ry’ubuhinzi rya [[Morise|Maurice]], mbere y’ubutegetsi bw’Ubufaransa. Ingoma y'Ubudage yigaruriye agace kanini kitwa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba bw'Ubudage, igizwe [[Rwanda|n'u Rwanda]], [[Uburundi]] ndetse n'umugabane wa [[Tanzaniya]] witwa Tanganyika. Mu 1922, Abongereza babonye manda y’umuryango w’ibihugu kuri Tanganyika wayoboraga kugeza ubwigenge bwahawe Tanganyika mu 1961. Nyuma y’impinduramatwara ya Zanzibar yo mu 1965, leta yigenga ya Tanganyika yashinze [[Tanzaniya|Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya]] ishyiraho ubumwe hagati y’umugabane w’umugabane wa Zanzibar. Ubu Zanzibar ni leta yigenga yunze ubumwe ku mugabane w’umugabane rusange hamwe bakunze kwita [[Tanzaniya]] . Ubudage bw’iburasirazuba bw’Ubudage, nubwo bwagutse cyane, ntabwo bwari bufite akamaro gakomeye nk’abakoloni b’abongereza bo mu majyaruguru: gutura muri ibyo bihugu byari bigoye bityo bikaba bike cyane, bitewe n’imiterere y’ikirere na geomorphologiya yaho. Ubutaliyani bwigaruriye ibice bitandukanye bya [[Somaliya]] mu myaka ya 1880. Amajyepfo ya bitatu bya kane bya Somaliya byabaye uburinzi bwabataliyani ( Somaliya yu Butaliyani ). Hagati aho, mu 1884, agace gato ka Somaliland kari ku nkombe kayobowe n’abongereza ( Abongereza Somaliland ). Ubu burinzi bwa Somaliland bwari butandukanye cyane na koloni y'Ubwongereza ya Aden ku gice cy'Abarabu . Hamwe n'utwo turere dufite umutekano, Ubwongereza bwashoboye kuba umurinzi w'irembo ry'inyanja igana mu Buhinde bw'Ubwongereza . Mu 1890, guhera ku kugura umujyi muto w’icyambu wa ( Asseb ) kwa sultan waho muri [[Eritereya]], Abataliyani bakolonije Eritereya yose. Mu 1895, kuva mu birindiro byo muri Somaliya na Eritereya, Abataliyani batangije Intambara ya mbere y'Ubutaliyani - Etiyopiya kurwanya Ingoma ya orotodogisi ya [[Etiyopiya]] . Kugeza mu 1896, intambara yari yarabaye ibyago rwose kubataliyani kandi Etiyopiya yashoboye kugumana ubwigenge bwayo. Etiyopiya yagumye yigenga kugeza mu 1936 igihe, nyuma y’Intambara ya kabiri y’Ubutaliyani -Abisiya, yabaye igice cya Afurika y’iburasirazuba bw’Ubutaliyani . Igikorwa cy'Ubutaliyani kwigarurira Etiyopiya cyarangiye mu 1941 mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu rwego rwo kwiyamamaza kwa Afurika y'Iburasirazuba . Abafaransa kandi bashyizeho ibirindiro by'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba mu nzira igana Indochina y'Abafaransa . Guhera mu myaka ya 1850, uburinzi buto bwa [[Jibuti|Djibouti]] bwabaye Ubufaransa Somaliland mu 1897. ==== Mu gihe cya nyuma y'ubukoloni ==== Hano hari firime zerekana Afrika yuburasirazuba muburyo butandukanye. ''Iminsi 7 muri Entebbe'', ''Umwami wanyuma wa Scotland'', ''Hanze ya Afrika'', ''[[Queen of Katwe|Umwamikazi wa Katwe]]'', ''[[The Constant Gardener (film)|The Constant Gardener]]'', ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', ''Ikinyoma Cyiza'', na ''Kapiteni Phillips'' ni zimwe muri firime zamamaye cyane. <ref>{{Cite web |date=23 April 2018 |title=7 Days in Entebbe and 13 Other Movies Set In East Africa |url=https://www.tripindigo.com/blog/movies-set-in-east-africa/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201016022851/https://www.tripindigo.com/blog/movies-set-in-east-africa/ |archive-date=16 October 2020 |access-date=2021-05-27 |website=tripindigo.com}}</ref> Mu mikino yo kuri videwo ''Halo 2'' na ''Halo 3'', Afurika y'Iburasirazuba ni hamwe mu turere two hagati twiyamamaza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=New Mombasa |url=https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/locations/new-mombasa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127062240/https://www.halowaypoint.com/en-us/universe/locations/new-mombasa |archive-date=27 November 2020 |access-date=2020-11-24 |website=Halo Waypoint |language=en-us}}</ref> == Umuco == === Ubuhanzi ===   === Ubwubatsi ===   === Imyambarire ===   === guteka/imitekere === === Umuziki === === Iyobokamana n'imyemerere === == Indimi zivugwa == Mu ihembe rya Afurika no mu [[Nili|kibaya cya Nili]], [[Indimi z’ikinyafuro-aziyatike|indimi za Afroasiatic ziriganje]], harimo indimi z'Abashushitike b'umuryango (nka Beja, [[Icyoromo|Oromo]] na Somali ), Abasemite (nka Amharic, [[Icyarabu]] na Tigrinya ), n'amashami ya Omotic (nka Wolaytta ). Mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|karere k'ibiyaga bigari]] bya Afurika, indimi za Nigeriya-Congo zo mu ishami rya Bantu zivugwa cyane. Muri izo ndimi harimo [[Igikuyu|Kikuyu]], [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], [[Ikirundi|Kirundi]], Kisukuma, Luganda n'izindi nyinshi. [[Igiswahili|Igiswahiri]], byibuze 80&nbsp;miliyoni y'abavuga  nk'ururimi rwa mbere cyangwa urwa kabiri, ni ururimi rukomeye rw'ubucuruzi mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari. Ifite statut yemewe muri Tanzaniya, Kenya na Uganda. Indimi za Nilotic, nka Luo, Kalenjin, Maasai na Nuer, zivugwa mu mubare muto, cyane cyane mu biyaga bigari bya Afurika no mu kibaya cya Nili. Indimi z'Ubuhinde n'Uburayi, [[Icyongereza|nk'Icyongereza]], [[Igifaransa]] [[Igiporutigali|n'Igiporutugali]], zikomeje kuba ingenzi mu mashuri makuru mu bice bimwe na bimwe by'akarere kanini. == Imibare y'abaturage == Afurika y'Iburasirazuba yari ifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 260 mu 2000. Biteganijwe ko mu 2050 bizagera kuri miliyoni 890, ikigereranyo cyo kwiyongera kigera kuri 2,5% ku mwaka. Biteganijwe ko abaturage 2000 bazikuba kabiri mu kinyejana cya 21, bagera kuri 1.6&nbsp;miliyari guhera mu 2100 (umuryango w'abibumbye ugereranya guhera 2017). <ref name="UN2017">{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124201358/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/Publications/ |archive-date=24 January 2018 |access-date=2017-11-29 |website=esa.un.org}}</ref> Muri Etiyopiya, habarurwa abaturage 102&nbsp;miliyoni guhera mu 2016. <ref>{{Cite web |title=IFs Forecast – Version 7.00 – Google Public Data Explorer |url=https://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_#ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:ET&ifdim=world&hl=en&dl=en |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170501024849/http://www.google.com/publicdata/explore?ds=n4ff2muj8bh2a_#ctype=l&strail=false&bcs=d&nselm=h&met_y=POP&fdim_y=scenario:1&scale_y=lin&ind_y=false&rdim=world&idim=country:ET&ifdim=world&hl=en&dl=en |archive-date=1 May 2017 |access-date=24 October 2015}}</ref> == imyubakire == ''Andi makuru mu bice byubwubatsi bwa Afrika :'' * Ubwubatsi bwa kera bwa Afrika yuburasirazuba * Imyubakire yo muri Afrika yuburasirazuba bwubatswe == Ubumenyi n'ikoranabuhanga == ''Andi makuru mu bice byamateka yubumenyi nikoranabuhanga muri Afrika :''   == Amakimbirane == Kuva ubukoloni bwarangira, ibihugu byinshi byo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba byari byuzuyemo guhirika ubutegetsi bwa gisirikare, ihohoterwa rishingiye ku moko hamwe n'igitugu gikandamiza. Aka karere kihanganiye amakimbirane akurikira nyuma y'ubukoloni: ; Amajyaruguru y'Uburasirazuba bwa Afurika (Ihembe rya Afurika) * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Etiyopiya 1974–1991 * Intambara yo kwigenga ya Eritereya 1961–1991 * Intambara ya Eritereya-Etiyopiya 1998–2000 * Intambara ya Ogaden 1977–1978 * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Dijboutian 1991–1994 * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Somaliya 1991–2009 ; Sudani y'Amajyepfo * Intambara ya kabiri y'Abanyasudani 1983–2005 * Imbere mu Gihugu Politiki-Amoko Amakimbirane 2011 - arakomeje * Intambara y'abenegihugu ya Sudani y'Amajyepfo 2013–2015 ; Afurika y'Epfo y'Amajyepfo (Afurika y'Epfo) * Intambara y'abenegihugu yo mu Burundi 1993–2005 na jenoside y'Abahutu mu 1972 na jenoside y'Abatutsi mu 1993 * Uganda - Tanzaniya Intambara 1978–1979 * Intambara ya Bush muri 1981–1986 * Inyeshyamba za Lord Resistance Army muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] birakomeje * Intambara y'abenegihugu yo mu Rwanda 1990–1993 na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yakorewe abatutsi]] mu 1994 * Impinduramatwara ya Zanzibar 1964 ; * Intambara ya mbere ya congo 1996–1997 n'intambara ya kabiri ya congo 1998–2003 * Amakimbirane ya Kivu (Laurent Nkunda Kwigomeka) [[Kenya]] yishimiye imiyoborere ihamye. Icyakora, rimwe na rimwe politiki yagiye ihungabana, harimo no gushaka guhirika ubutegetsi mu 1982 ndetse n’imvururu z’amatora yo mu 2007 . [[Tanzaniya]] izwiho guverinoma ihamye kuva yigenga nubwo hari amakimbirane akomeye ya politiki n’amadini aturuka ku bumwe bwa politiki hagati ya Tanganyika na Zanzibar mu 1964. Zanzibar ni leta yigenga muri [[Tanzaniya|Repubulika yunze ubumwe ya Tanzaniya]] . Tanzaniya na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] barwanye mu ntambara ya Uganda - Tanzaniya mu 1978–1979, bituma [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] umuyobozi w’igitugu wa Uganda akurwaho. Kuva mu bwigenge, u [[Uburundi|Burundi]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] byahuye n’ihungabana n’amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko, cyane cyane Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwanda]] mu 1994 na jenoside yo mu Burundi yo mu 1993 ndetse n’intambara yo mu Burundi yakurikiye. [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] bikomeje kugira uruhare mu makimbirane afitanye isano n'akarere. [[Jibuti|Djibouti]], kimwe n'uturere twa Puntland na Somaliland muri Somaliya, na byo byabonye umutekano muke. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Economic Recovery and the Role of the State |url=http://www.undp.org/cpr/content/economic_recovery/PCER_Chapt5.rev.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110112103732/http://www.undp.org/cpr/content/economic_recovery/PCER_Chapt5.rev.pdf |archive-date=12 January 2011 |access-date=29 April 2010}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Somalia: Somaliland appeals for 'cooperation with Puntland' a second time |url=http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Somaliland_appeals_for_cooperation_with_Puntland_a_second_time.shtml |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140131003947/http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Somalia_27/Somalia_Somaliland_appeals_for_cooperation_with_Puntland_a_second_time.shtml |archive-date=31 January 2014}}</ref> [[Sudani y’Amajyepfo|Sudani y'Amajyepfo]] yitandukanije mu mahoro na [[Sudani]] mu mwaka w'2011, hashize imyaka itandatu n'igice nyuma y'amasezerano y'amahoro arangije Intambara ya kabiri y'Abanyasudani . Ubwigenge bwa Sudani y'Amajyepfo bwateshutse hafi kubera amakimbirane ya Kordofan y'Amajyepfo, cyane cyane amakimbirane ashingiye ku gace ka Abyei, kandi imisozi ya Nuba ya Abyei na Kordofan y'Amajyepfo ikomeje kuba intandaro y’amakimbirane hagati ya Juba na Khartoum as of 2011 . == Ibihugu, umurwa mukuru n'imijyi minini == ugendeye ku mibare itengwa na CIA ivuga ko kugeza mu 2017, ibihugu byo mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika bifite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 537.9. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Factbook – Population |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004113653/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html |archive-date=4 October 2018 |access-date=20 December 2017 |publisher=CIA}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" !igihugu !umujyi !umujyi munini ugendeye ku mubare w'abaturage !umujyi wa kabiri wunganira |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''[[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w'Afurika y'iburasirazuba]]''' |- |{{flag|Burundi}} |Gitega (22,989; 2012 est.) |[[Bujumbura]] |Muyinga |- |{{flag|Democratic Republic of the Congo}} |[[Kinshasa]] |[[Kinshasa]] |Mbuji-Mayi |- |{{flag|Kenya}} |[[Nairobi]] |[[Nairobi]] |Mombasa (915,101; 2009 est.) |- |{{flag|Rwanda}} |[[Kigali]] |[[Kigali]] |Gitarama |- |{{flag|South Sudan}} |Juba |Juba |Malakal |- |{{flag|Tanzania}} |[[Dodoma]] |Dar es Salaam |Mwanza |- |{{flag|Uganda}} |Kampala (1,507,114; 2014 est.) |Kampala |Gulu |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''Ihembe rya Afurika''' |- |{{flag|Djibouti}} |Djibouti City (529,000; 2018 est.) |Djibouti City |Ali Sabieh |- |{{flag|Eritrea}} |[[Asmara]] |[[Asmara]] |Keren |- |{{flag|Ethiopia}} |[[Addis Ababa]] |[[Addis Ababa]] (2,739,551; 2007 est.) |Dire Dawa |- |{{flag|Somalia}} |[[Mogadishu]] (2,572,125) |[[Mogadishu]] |Hargeisa |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''Inyanja y'ubuhinde''' |- |{{flag|British Indian Ocean Territory}} |Camp Thunder Cove |Camp Thunder Cove |– |- |{{flag|Comoros}} |[[Moroni]] |[[Moroni]] |Mutsamudu |- |{{flag|French Southern Territories}} |Saint Pierre |Port-aux-Français |– |- |{{flag|Madagascar}} |[[Antananarivo]] (1,015,140; 2005 est.) |[[Antananarivo]] |Toamasina (3,133,518; 2009 est.) |- |{{flag|Mauritius}} |Port Louis |Port Louis |Beau Bassin-Rose Hill |- |{{flag|Mayotte|local}} |Mamoudzou |Mamoudzou |Dzaoudzi |- |{{flag|Réunion|local}} |Saint Denis |Saint Denis |Saint Paul |- |{{flag|Seychelles}} |Victoria |Victoria |Anse Etoile |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''uburasirazuba bw'amajyaruguru''' |- |{{flag|Sudan}} |Khartoum |Omdurman |Khartoum |- ! colspan="4" style="align: center; background: lavender;" |'''uburasirazuba bw'amajyepfo''' |- |{{flag|Malawi}} |Lilongwe (868,800; 2012 est.) |Lilongwe |Blantyre (783,296; 2012 est.) |- |{{flag|Mozambique}} |[[Maputo]] |[[Maputo]] |Nampula |- |{{flag|Zambia}} |[[Lusaka]] |[[Lusaka]] |Kitwe |- |{{flag|Zimbabwe}} |[[Harare]] |[[Harare]] |Bulawayo |}   * Amateka y'Afurika * Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara * Afurika y'Iburengerazuba * Afurika y'Epfo * Afurika yo hagati * Afurika y'Amajyaruguru * Ihembe rya Afurika == Reba == <references responsive="1"></references> == amasomero == * {{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of African History|publisher=Fitzroy Dearborn|isbn=978-1-57958-245-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ftz_gtO-pngC|editor=Kevin Shillington|editor-link=Kevin Shillington|year=2005|chapter=Eastern Africa: Regional Survey|pages=649–659?|author=Christian Jennings}} [[Ikiciro:Afurika y'iburasirazuba]] ahwb30qlli9b22gdhl27drwj4mjxr4f 0 14016 140542 137320 2026-09-30T09:29:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140542 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Genocide memory site img.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani I Nyanza|147x147px]] [[Dosiye:Icyarire.jpg|left|thumb|131x131px]] == Intangiriro == [[Dosiye:Stevens-Coolidge Place gardens, August 2021.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani|144x144px]] [[Dosiye:Hosta Garden edge at Simpson Garden Park.jpg|thumb|Ubusitani|148x148px]] ubusitani bwatangiye gukorwa mu mwaka wa 2019 bukaba bugizwe n’ibice 15 bifite aho bihuriye n’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, yaba ayo mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] cyangwa nyuma yayo.busitani bwo ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza ya Kicukiro bwashyizweho ibuye ry’ifatizo na Madamu wa [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida wa Repubulika]] Jeannette Kagame mu mwaka wa 2000.<ref name=":0">https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/madamu-jeannette-kagame-yatashye-ubusitani-bwo-ku-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-nyanza</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/nyanza-ishyamba-kimeza-rya-kibilizi-ryasubiranye-ubwiza-ryahoranye/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-02-21 |archive-date=2023-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230221084852/https://umuseke.rw/2021/10/nyanza-ishyamba-kimeza-rya-kibilizi-ryasubiranye-ubwiza-ryahoranye/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/tujyane-i-nyanza-muri-unilak-aho-abanyeshuri-biga-bumva-amahumbezi-azira</ref><ref>http://www.igihe.wikirwanda.org/cache/news-15-52-12115-1html</ref> == Ibice bigize ubu busitani == Buri gice gifite ibisobanuro mu rugendo rwo kwibuka, aho ibiti, indabo, inzira z’amazi hamwe n’imyobo bisobanura ibice bitandukanye byagiye byicirwamo cyangwa bikajugunywamo inzirakarengane.<ref name=":0" /> * Muri ubu busitani harimo igice kigizwe n’'''ibuye''' '''rinini''' ryashyizwe ku bwinjiriro mu rwego rwo kwibutsa inkomoko y’ubusitani mu 2000. Ni cyo kimenyetso cyonyine cyihariye kiranga ubusitani n’umwimerere wabwo. * Hari n’ahari '''ubusitani bwumye''', bugizwe n’'''amabuye''', hakazashyirwamo amabuye agera kuri miliyoni asobanuye umubare w’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hamwe n’ibiti bikura mu butayu bisobanura bato batari gito bahagurutse bagahagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. * [[Dosiye:Classroom and administration block, St Mary's School, (Yala Township, Nyanza Province, Kenya)..jpg|thumb|ubusitani|139x139px]]Harimo kandi '''amazi arimo urufunzo''' nk’ikimenyetso cyibutsa Abatutsi bajugunywe mu mazi hirya no hino mu gihugu, imirambo yabo ikaba itazigera iboneka ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro, naho urufunzo ni ikimenyetso cya hamwe mu hantu Abatutsi bahigwaga bihishe bagashobora kurokoka. * Harimo kandi '''imisozi nk’ikimenyetso cy’imisozi''' igihumbi y’u Rwanda ariko kandi yagize uruhare runini mu gihe cya Jenoside, kuko ni hamwe mu hantu abahigwaga babashije kwihisha bakarokoka nko mu Bisesero n’ahandi. * Hari ahagenewe kujya '''urumuri rw’icyizere''' nk’ikimenyetso cyo kudaheranwa n’agahinda kuko icyizere cy’ubuzima gihari. * [[Dosiye:Ritsurin Garden, Kagawa Prefecture; November 2019 (09).jpg|thumb|Ubusitani|142x142px]]Muri uru rwibutso harimo '''igice cy’ishyamba ry’urwibutso''' kirimo ibiti bitandukanye birimo umunyinya, umuvumu hamwe n’umuko, ahagomba guterwa ibiti bigera ku ijana bifite igisobanuro cy’iminsi 100 y’icuraburindi rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name=":0" /> == Ibindi == Hari kandi umwobo ufunguye werekana ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’abantu b’inzirakarengane bajungunywemo bagakurwamo bamwe ari bazima abandi bapfuye. Muri ubu buzitani kandi hari inzira ifite ibisobanuro by’uko hariho inzira yo gusohoka udasubiye inyuma ndetse n’umugambi wateguwe mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name=":0" /> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ibidukikije]] [[Ikiciro:Ibiti]] n9y1xzr7x5cnary36ai4i5e6fi700mv 0 15016 140543 122429 2026-09-30T09:29:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140543 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Patrick Kinigamazi''' (wavutse ku ya 2 Werurwe 1983) ni umunyarwanda wakinagaa umukino w'iteramakofe wabigize umwuga mu irushanwa kuva 2006 kugeza 2020. Yatwaye igikombe cya [[Afurika]] muri 2016 ndetse na WBF super featherweight kuva 2017 kugeza 2020.<ref name="coop">{{Cite news}}</ref> == Ubuzima == Kinigamazi yavutse ku ya 2 Werurwe 1983 i Gisenyi, mu Rwanda, yimukira mu [[Ubusuwisi|Busuwisi]] afite imyaka cumi n'itanu nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] . Amaze gutangira siporo yo kurwana afite imyaka cumi nirindwi, yakurikiranye na murumuna we mumukino w'iteramakofe maze yinjira muri Club pugilistique de Carouge. <ref name="coop" /> Mu myaka we wa mbere nkumukinnyi wateramakofe yanarushanwe muri kickbox, yegukana ibikombe bibiri byisi ndetse n’ibihugu bine by’[[Burayi|Uburayi]]. Ku ya 2 Gicurasi 2010, yegukanye igikombe cya WKN cyitiriwe isi yose cyatsinzwe na Gary Hamilton, arangiza imyaka irindwi amaze ari nyampinga. Nyuma Kinigamazi yari umukino wari ikomeye. <ref name="ce" /> Kinigamazi yakinnye na basketball na Bernex Geneve Basket. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref> == umwuga == Ku ya 29 Kamena 2006, Kinigamazi yatangiye gukina umukino witeramakofe nku wabigize umwuga, atsinda Rocco Cipriano na tekinike yo mu cyiciro cya gatanu i Carouge . Yatsindiye igikombe cye cya mbere mu rugamba rwe rwa karindwi, atsinda Martino Ciano kubera igikombe cyoroheje cy’Ubusuwisi. Nyuma yo gutsinda inshuro 16 kugirango atangire umwuga we yatsinzwe umukino we wa mbere mu 2011 na Guillaume Frenois uzaba shampiyo wi burayi . Umwaka umwe, yatsinzwe bwa kabiri nundi mufaransa, Sebastien Cornu. <ref>{{Cite news}}</ref><ref name="boxe">{{Cite news}}</ref> Ku ya 18 Ugushyingo 2016, hashize imyaka irenga icyenda nyuma y’irushanwa rye rya nyuma rya shampionat, yatsinze umurwanyi ukomoka mu [[Kongo|gihugu cya Congo]] ukomoka mu gihugu cya Espagne, Clark Telamanou, kubera igikombe cy’umucyo cyoroheje cya Afurika cyatsinzwe binyuze ku cyemezo cya benshi hamwe n'amanota yanditseho 96–94, 96–94 na 95–95. Imirwano ibiri nyuma, ku ya 9 Kamena 2017, Kinigamazi w'imyaka 34 yatsinze Juan José Farias ku bwumvikane (117-106, 116-107, 116-107) kugira ngo yegukane igikombe cya WBF super featherweight . Yatsinze ibitego bine byatsinze abasore bahataniraga mbere yuko ahura n’umukinnyi w’umukinnyi w’umukinnyi w’umukinnyi w’umukinnyi w’amajyepfo Bongani Mahlangu i Geneve mu izamu rye rya gatanu, atsinda imikino Olempike yo mu 2004 ku cyemezo cya benshi ku ya 12 Ukuboza 2019. Yahawe kandi umurwanyi w’umwaka wa 2017 muri WBF Awards. == Umwuga w'iteramakofe == {{BoxingRecordSummary|draws=|nc=|ko-wins=4|ko-losses=1|dec-wins=27|dec-losses=2|dq-wins=1|dq-losses=}} {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" !No. !Result !Record !Opponent !Type !Round, time !Date !Location !Notes |- |35 |{{no2}}Loss |32–3 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Michael Magnesi]] |TKO |5 (12) |27 Nov 2020 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Palasport, [[Fondi]], Italy}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|For vacant [[List of IBO world champions#Super featherweight|IBO super featherweight title]]}} |- |34 |{{yes2}}Win |32–2 | style="text-align:left;" | [[Bongani Mahlangu]] |MD |12 |12 Dec 2019 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Cirque de Noel, Geneva, Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBF super featherweight title}} |- |33 |{{yes2}}Win |31–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Martin Parlagi |UD |10 |28 Jun 2019 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Théâtre du Léman, Geneva, Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBF super featherweight title}} |- |32 |{{yes2}}Win |30–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Jordan McCorry |UD |12 |13 Dec 2018 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Cirque de Noel, Geneva, Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBF super featherweight title}} |- |31 |{{yes2}}Win |29–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Ramiro Blanco |UD |12 |1 Jun 2018 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle bout du Monde, Geneva, Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBF super featherweight title}} |- |30 |{{yes2}}Win |28–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Robert Laki |TKO |5 (12) |24 Nov 2017 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle bout du Monde, Geneva, Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Retained WBF super featherweight title}} |- |29 |{{yes2}}Win |27–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Juan José Farias |UD |12 |9 Jun 2017 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|[[Thônex]], Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant {{abbr|WBF|World Boxing Federation}} [[super featherweight]] title}} |- |28 |{{yes2}}Win |26–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Ruben Gouveia |PTS |8 |18 Feb 2017 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Maison des sports, [[Annemasse]], France}} | |- |27 |{{yes2}}Win |25–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Clark Telamanou |MD |10 |18 Nov 2016 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant [[List of African Boxing Union champions#Lightweight|African lightweight title]]}} |- |26 |{{yes2}}Win |24–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Miguel González |UD |8 |22 Apr 2016 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Citroën Acacias, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |25 |{{yes2}}Win |23–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Sylvain Chapelle |UD |8 |3 Jul 2015 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Hotel Novotel, [[Monte Carlo]], Monaco}} | |- |24 |{{yes2}}Win |22–2 | style="text-align:left;" | King Daluz |UD |8 |21 Nov 2014 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |23 |{{yes2}}Win |21–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Ryan Peleguer |PTS |6 |1 Nov 2014 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Pabellón Central, [[Santa Cruz de Tenerife]], Spain}} | |- |22 |{{yes2}}Win |20–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Francisco Urena |UD |6 |25 May 2013 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle Louis-Bertrand, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |21 |{{yes2}}Win |19–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Zsolt Nagy |UD |8 |15 Feb 2013 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |20 |{{no2}}Loss |18–2 | style="text-align:left;" | Sebastien Cornu |UD |6 |1 Dec 2012 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle de Gymnastique du Bourg, [[Martigny]], Switzerland}} | |- |19 |{{yes2}}Win |18–1 | style="text-align:left;" | Janos Vass |TKO |2 (6), {{Small|1:22}} |6 Oct 2012 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|[[Villars-sur-Ollon]], Switzerland}} | |- |18 |{{yes2}}Win |17–1 | style="text-align:left;" | Andrei Staliarchuk |UD |8 |10 Feb 2012 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |17 |{{no2}}Loss |16–1 | style="text-align:left;" | Guillaume Frenois |UD |12 |26 Nov 2011 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Arena de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |16 |{{yes2}}Win |16–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Youness Laribi |DQ |6 (8), {{Small|2:20}} |7 May 2011 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle Louis-Bertrand, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |15 |{{yes2}}Win |15–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Zsolt Nagy |UD |6 |6 Nov 2010 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle bout du Monde, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |14 |{{yes2}}Win |14–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Argel Salinas |UD |10 |3 Jun 2010 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle Communale de Carouge, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |13 |{{yes2}}Win |13–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Danys Díaz |UD |10 |27 Nov 2009 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |12 |{{yes2}}Win |12–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Mario Hayes |UD |8 |13 Nov 2009 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Casino de Deauville, [[Deauville]], France}} | |- |11 |{{yes2}}Win |11–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Samir Boukrara |UD |6 |14 Feb 2009 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |10 |{{yes2}}Win |10–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Roman Rafael |TKO |2 (8), {{Small|1:40}} |1 Jun 2008 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Ecole de Charmettes, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |9 |{{yes2}}Win |9–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Ruddy Encarnación |UD |6 |8 Feb 2008 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |8 |{{yes2}}Win |8–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Omar Krim |UD |6 |15 Nov 2007 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle Palladium, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |7 |{{yes2}}Win |7–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Martino Ciano |SD |10 |30 Sep 2007 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle bout du Monde, Geneva, Switzerland}} | style="text-align:left;" |{{Small|Won vacant Swiss [[lightweight]] title}} |- |6 |{{yes2}}Win |6–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Mickaël Gomard |UD |6 |15 Mar 2007 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle Palladium, Geneva, Switzerland}} | |- |5 |{{yes2}}Win |5–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Nicolas Fargette |UD |6 |2 Mar 2007 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes de Perdtemps, [[Nyon]], Switzerland}} | |- |4 |{{yes2}}Win |4–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Frederic Gosset |UD |6 |16 Feb 2007 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, Carouge, Switzerland}} | |- |3 |{{yes2}}Win |3–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Nicolas Fargette |UD |6 |26 Oct 2006 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle Palladium, [[Geneva]], Switzerland}} | |- |2 |{{yes2}}Win |2–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Franck Aiello |UD |6 |16 Sep 2006 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Casino Lucien Barrière, [[Montreux]], Switzerland}} | |- |1 |{{yes2}}Win |1–0 | style="text-align:left;" | Rocco Cipriano |TKO |5 (6), {{Small|2:25}} |29 Jun 2006 | style="text-align:left;" | {{Small|Salle des Fêtes, [[Carouge]], Switzerland}} | |} == Reba == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Umukinnyi w'iruka na maguru]] 60f075esi3vmx0ou5yu3wsig35p9483 0 15421 140544 99000 2026-09-30T09:29:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140544 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:KageraRuvubu.jpg|thumb|Umugezi wa Kagera ]] '''Umugezi wa Kagera''', uzwi kandi ku izina rya '''Akagera''', ni uruzi rwa [[Imiterere ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'ibidukikije byaho|Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]], rukaba rugize amasoko yo kuri [[Nili]] kandi rutwara amazi ava mu masoko ya kure.  rufite uburebure bwa kirometero 597 uhereye ku nkomoko yayo iherereye mu kiyaga cya Rweru mu Rwanda. Igice cy'umugezi witwa Kagera gitangirira mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], utemba uva mu kiyaga cya Rweru . utemba iburasirazuba ugana ku [[Rwanda]] u Burundi nu Rwanda na [[Tanzaniya]] kugera mu ma sangano yu mugezi wa Ruvubu . Amazi ya Kagera atangwa n’imigezi ibiri minini, [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]] yo mu Rwanda, igaburira ikiyaga cya Rweru, na Ruvubu yo mu Burundi. Ntibizwi muri izi nzuzi zombi zigaburira ni ndende bityo rero isoko nyamukuru ya Nili. Kuva aho ihurira, Kagera itembera mu majyaruguru ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Tanzaniya, hejuru y’isumo [[Isumo rya Rusumo|rya Rusumo]] no muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike y’Akagera]] . Ihita ifata iburasirazuba, ikurikira umupaka wa Tanzaniya na [[Ubugande|Uganda]] hanyuma ikisuka mu [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoria]] muri Uganda. Mu 1898, yavumbuye inkomoko ya Kagera. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Archived copy |url=https://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124657/http://icaci.org/files/documents/ICC_proceedings/ICC2003/Papers/110.pdf |archive-date=2016-03-04 |access-date=2019-09-21}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Nyabarongo River and its surrounding mountain in Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umugezi kageyo]] Uruzi rwagaragaye cyane mu mateka y'ibihugu runyuramo, u Rwanda. Mu 1894, Umudage Adolufi voni yambutse Kagera ku isoko ya Rusumo, ibyo bikaba byaranze igihe cy'abakoloni b'u Rwanda cyatangiye ku mugaragaro mu 1899. Kandi mu 1916, mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Ababiligi batsinze Abadage, binjira mu Rwanda mu nzira imwe. Uruzi rwamenyekanye cyane mu 1994 kubera gutwara imirambo yavuye muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu kiyaga cya Victoria, bituma hamenyekana ko ibintu byihutirwa mu turere twa Uganda, aho iyi mibiri yaje gukaraba.<ref name=":0" /> == Ubumenyi bw'isi == Kagera yazamutse mu Burundi yinjira mu kiyaga cya Victoria. Nicyo kinini kinini cyinjira mu kiyaga, gitanga hafi metero kibe 6.4 z'amazi ku mwaka (hafi 28 ku ijana by'ikiyaga gisohoka ). Kagera ikorwa n’isangano rya Ruvuvu na [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|Nyabarongo]], hafi y’amajyaruguru y’ikiyaga cya Tanganyika . Igizwe n'ibice by'Uburundi [[Tanzaniya]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]Tanzaniya, u Burundi u Rwanda, na Tanzaniya[[Ubugande|Uganda]] . Yitiriye izina rya [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike y'igihugu ya Akagera]] mu majyaruguru y'u Rwanda, ndetse no mu karere ka Kagera muri Tanzaniya. Ku ruzi hari [[Isumo rya Rusumo]], ahantu h'ingenzi kwambukiranya u Rwanda na Tanzaniya. Ni hafi y'umujyi wa Rusumo . == Amafi == Ikibaya cy'umugezi wa Kagera gikungahaye ku mafi. muri 2001 , hari byibuze amoko 55 azwi mu gice cyu Rwanda wenyine kandi umubare nyawo urashobora kuba mwinshi. <ref name="DeVos2001">{{Cite journal|pages=41–68}}</ref> Byongeye kandi, hari byibuze amoko 15 atavuzwe yanduye kuri bimwe mu biyaga byo mu gice cyo hejuru cyi kibaya cyu ruzi. Kubera amasoko menshi, ibice bitandukanye byikibaya cyumugezi wa Kagera biratandukanijwe neza, bigatuma kugenda na mafi hagati yabo bigoye cyangwa bidashoboka. <ref name="DeVos2001" /> <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=209–231}}</ref> == Jenoside == Mu [[Abatutsi|gihe]] cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] yo mu 1994, Kagera yakoreshwaga mu guta imirambo mu gihe ibihumbi bya batutsi na bayobozi ba politiki ba bahutu biciwe ku nkombe z'umugezi. Uruzi rwazanye imirambo yiciwe mu [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoriya]], biteza ikibazo gikomeye ku buzima muri Uganda. == Reba kandi == * Umugezi wa Ruvuvu - Uruzi rwiburyo rwuruzi * Umugezi [[Umugezi wa Nyabarongo|wa Nyabarongo]] - Ibumoso bw'umugezi == Reba == === Inyandiko === <references group="" responsive="1"> </references> === Inkomoko === [[Ikiciro:Imigezi]] sjjktlw4gtlbhbm9kgxm6d3e5i69tl2 0 16669 140545 124386 2026-09-30T09:29:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140545 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:2012-06-21 07-13-14 Kenya Nairobi Area Empakasi.jpg|thumb|2012-06-21 07-13-14 Kenya Nairobi Area Empakasi]] [[Dosiye:RwandAir_Logotype.png|thumb|RwandAir Logo]] [[Dosiye:Airbus A330-243 RwandAir.jpg|thumb|Indege iparitse ku kibuga]] [[Dosiye:B737 de Rwandair en el Aeropuerto Internacional OR Tambo en Johannesburgo, Sudáfrica.JPG|thumb|Rwandair]] [[Dosiye:Rwandair taking off.jpg|thumb|Rwandair taking off]] [[Dosiye:Rwandair Express Boeing 737-500 Mutzair.jpg|thumb|Rwandair Express Boeing 737-500 ]] [[Dosiye:Airbus A330-243 RwandAir.jpg|thumb|Airbus A330-243 RwandAir]] [[Dosiye:RwandAir Airbus A330-243 on finals into Toulouse.jpg|thumb|Airbus A330-243 RwandAir]] [[Dosiye:Rwandair Boeing 737-700 at Douala Airport.jpg|thumb|Rwandair Boeing 737-700 at Douala Airport]] [[Dosiye:Rwandair Express B737-5L9 OY-APH (leased Maersk) (6432281483).jpg|thumb|Rwandair Express B737-5L9 OY-APH (leased Maersk) (6432281483)]] [[Dosiye:Johannesburg O.R. Tambo Airport Rwandair Boeing 737-7K5 9XR-WK.jpg|thumb|Johannesburg O.R. Tambo Airport Rwandair Boeing 737-7K5 9XR-WK]] [[Dosiye:RwandAir flight at Kamembe Airport.jpg|thumb|RwandAir flight at Kamembe Airport]] [[Dosiye:N225SC Boeing B.735 Ex -- RwandAir (13891911815).jpg|thumb|N225SC Boeing B.735 Ex -- RwandAir (13891911815)]] [[Dosiye:RwandAir B737-55D 9XR-WE (8617038800).jpg|thumb|RwandAir B737-55D 9XR-WE (8617038800)]] [[Dosiye:RwandAir Canadair CL-600-2B19 Regional Jet CRJ-200LR Mutzair.jpg|thumb|RwandAir Canadair CL-600-2B19 Regional Jet CRJ-200LR Mutzair]] [[Dosiye:RwandAir aircraft at London Heathrow Airport (July 2023).jpg|thumb|RwandAir aircraft at London Heathrow Airport (July 2023)]] [[Dosiye:View of Mount Kilimanjaro from Window of RwandAir Jet - Tanzania (8928661388).jpg|thumb|View of Mount Kilimanjaro from Window of RwandAir Jet - Tanzania (8928661388)]] [[Dosiye:Secretary Kerry Disembarks Upon Arrival in Kigali - Flickr - U.S. Department of State.jpg|thumb|Secretary Kerry Disembarks Upon Arrival in Kigali - Flickr - U.S. Department of State]] [[Dosiye:Airbus A330-300 9XR-WP of RwandAir Heathrow 2024G.jpg|thumb|At London 2024 081]] '''RwandAir Limited''' ni indege igenda mu kirere iriho ibendera ryu [[Rwanda]] . <ref name="Four">{{Cite web |last=CAPA Centre for Aviation |date=21 December 2014 |title=RwandAir plans further regional expansion in 2015 and launch of long-haul services in 2017 |url=http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/rwandair-plans-further-regional-expansion-in-2015-and-launch-of-long-haul-services-in-2017-202148 |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=CAPA Centre for Aviation |location=Sydney, Australia}}</ref> Ikora serivisi zi mbere mu gihugu ndetse n’o mumahanga muri [[Imiterere ya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'ibidukikije byaho|Afurika y'Iburasirazuba]], Afurika yo hagati, Afurika y'Iburengerazuba, [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika y'Epfo]], [[Burayi|Uburayi]], Uburasirazuba bwo hagati na [[Aziya]], uhereye ku kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya [[Kigali]] Ikanombe.. <ref name="Five">{{Cite web |last=Daniel Sabiiti |date=29 June 2017 |title=RwandAir Appoints UK Firm To Handle Its Cargo Services In Europe |url=http://ktpress.rw/2017/06/rwandair-appoints-uk-firm-to-handle-its-cargo-services-in-europe/ |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=KTPress Rwanda |location=Kigali}}</ref> == Amateka == === Kwishyira hamwe === [[Dosiye:Rwandair_Express_Boeing_737-500_Mutzair.jpg|thumb| Iyahoze ari Rwandair Express Boeing 737-500]] Nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu 1994]], Guverinoma yagerageje inshuro nyinshi kubyutsa icyahoze ari indege z’igihugu zahoze ari Air Rwanda yahagaritse ibikorwa byayo mu gihe cya jenoside. Ibigo bitandukanye byigenga byagaragaje ko byifuza gufatanya na guverinoma, kandi nka SA Alliance Air ikorera muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] yayoboye isosiyete kuva mu 1997 kugeza 2000. <ref name="Six">{{Cite web |last=Yates |first=Chris |date=1997 |title=Alliance spreads into Central Africa |url=https://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1997/1997%20-%203062.html?search=air%20rwanda |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Flightglobal.com Archiving Air Transport Magazine |format=Archived from the Original}}</ref> SA Alliance imaze guhagarika ibikorwa, guverinoma yu Rwanda yigaruriye ibikorwa byu Rwanda kandi yongera kwita ku kirango cy’indege, kugira ngo ikomeze. RwandAir yatangiye gukora ku ya 1 Ukuboza 2002 nk'ikigo gishya cy’igihugu cy’u Rwanda ku izina rya '''Rwandair Express''' (hamwe n' indege zitwara abagenzi nk'igikorwa ny'amukuru). Muri 2016, RwandAir yakiriye ubugenzuzi bw’umutekano mpuzamahanga bw’ishyirahamwe ry’ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere ku bikorwa by’ubutaka (ISAGO). <ref>{{Cite web |last=Peterson Tumwebaze |date=11 November 2016 |title=RwandAir gets safety certification for its ground operations |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-11-11/205241/ |access-date=18 May 2018 |location=Kigali}}</ref> === Ongera ushireho ikimenyetso === Isosiyete y'indege yatangiye kwaguka mu karere mu 2009, umuyoboro urimo nka Dar-es-Salaam, [[Nairobi]], ndetse no mu gihugu imbere nko ku [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] . Muri Werurwe 2009, indege yandikishije ikirango gishya cya ''RwandAir Limited'', ni ryo zina ryayo. Muri kamena 2009, isosiyete y’indege yongeye kwerekanwa ku mugaragaro kuva Rwandair Express yerekeza kuri RwandAir, kubera ko iryo zina rishya ryasobanuraga indege nini, ikomeye, mu gihe "Express" ryari izina ryahoranye, risobanura ibikorwa bito byo mu karere. <ref name="Eight">{{Cite web |last=Peterson Tumwebaze |date=25 August 2014 |title=RwandAir changing country's aviation industry through enhanced aviation skills |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/advertorial/466 |access-date=18 May 2018 |location=Kigali}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Bombardier CRJ-900 '9XR-WH' Rwandair (15382160677).jpg|thumb|indege ya Rwandair]] Muri Gicurasi 2010, Rene Janata yabaye umuyobozi mukuru, atangiza gahunda y'igendo zo mukirere. kandi atezimbere indege kugirango ibe umuyoboro ugezweho. Mu Kwakira 2010, John Mirenge yabaye umuyobozi mushya wa RwandAir. <ref name="Nine">{{Cite web |last=Peterson Tumwebaze |date=29 October 2010 |title=Mirenge new CEO of RwandaAir |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/25449 |access-date=18 May 2018 |location=Kigali |archive-date=19 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519122343/http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/25449 |url-status=dead }}</ref> === 2010–2015 === Muri Nyakanga 2010, haje indege ya mbere ya Boeing 737-500 nshya ya RwandAir; iya kabiri yahageze ku ya 20 Ukwakira 2010. zombi bakodeshwaga muri serivisi rusange z’amashanyarazi y’indege (GECAS) kandi buriyose ifite ibyiciro bibiri bifite imyanya 12 y’ubucuruzi n’imyanya 90 y’ubukungu.<ref name="Ten">{{Cite web |last=Peterson Tumwebaze |date=23 August 2010 |title=Another RwandAir Boeing arrives |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/23231 |access-date=18 May 2018 |location=Kigali}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2011, indege yafashe urugendo rw'i indege rwa mbere rwi ndege yaguzwe mu ruganda rukora indege. Indege zose zabanjirije izakoreshwaga na RwandAir rwari rwaratijwe cyangwa zari zaraguzwe nkindege za kabiri. Indege yaguzwe ni Boeing 737-800 hamwe na Sky Interior, izwi kandi ku izina rya Boeing 737 Next Generation, kandi niyo yonyine yakoraga mu ndege zo [[Afurika|muri Afurika]] . Indege yahagurutse i Boeing Field i Seattle, Washington, [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Amerika]], saa kumi nimwe nigice za mugitondo PST. Yahagaritse bwa mbere ku Kibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Keflavík muri [[Isilande]], nyuma yerekeza ihagarara rya kabiri yerekeza [[Istanbul|Istambul]], [[Turukiya]] . Amaherezo igeze i [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]], nyuma yu rugendo rw'amasaha asaga 20. <ref name="Eleven">{{Cite web |last=Peterson Tumwebaze |date=28 August 2011 |title=RwandAir's new Boeing 737-800NB plane lands |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/84787 |access-date=18 May 2018 |location=Kigali}}</ref> Mu Kwakira 2011, RwandAir yaguze Boeing yabo ya kabiri yitwa 737-800. Muri Mutarama 2012, Rwandair yajugunye indege ebyiri CRJ200 yari ifite, itegereje kubona CRJ-900NG zindi ebyiri. <ref name="Twelve">{{Cite web |last=Flightcommagazine.com |date=3 May 2017 |title=RwandAir: Daring to dream |url=http://www.flightcommagazine.com/single-post/2017/05/03/RwandAir---Daring-to-dream |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Flightcommagazine.com |archive-date=24 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124143108/https://www.flightcommagazine.com/single-post/2017/05/03/RwandAir---Daring-to-dream |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2013, John Mirenge yatangaje ko iyi ndege izajya igurukira i [[Accra]], Cape Town, [[Harare]], Juba, na Zanzibar.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Business Reporter |date=13 February 2013 |title=RwandAir eyes Harare route |url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/02/13/rwandair-eyes-harare-route/ |access-date=26 January 2016 |location=Harare |archive-date=12 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212162307/https://www.newsday.co.zw/2013/02/13/rwandair-eyes-harare-route/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Gicurasi 2015, RwandAir yabaye umunyamuryango wa IATA . <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bateta |first=Agnes |date=24 January 2016 |title=Global umbrella gives RwandAir kudos |url=http://www.busiweek.com/index1.php?Ctp=2&pI=4725&pLv=3&srI=58&spI=24 |access-date=26 January 2016 |location=Kampala}}</ref> Muri 2017, Guverinoma ya [[Bene]] yahaye RwandAir uburenganzira bwa karindwi bwo gukora ingendo ziva muri Bene. RwandAir irateganya kugurukisha indege ebyiri Boeing 737 ku Kibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Cotonou muri Bene. <ref name="Fifteen">{{Cite web |last=Casey |first=David |date=3 August 2017 |title=RwandAir launches Cotonou hub as Benin and Rwanda plan new airline |url=https://www.routesonline.com/news/29/breaking-news/274134/rwandair-launches-cotonou-hub-as-benin-and-rwanda-plan-new-airline/ |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Routesonline.com |location=Manchester, United Kingdom}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2020, nyuma y'amezi abiri [[katari]] Airways yaguze imigabane 60% ku Kibuga cy'Indege Mpuzamahanga cya Bugesera, isosiyete ya Leta ya katari yaguze imigabane 49% muri RwandAir,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar Airways in talks to buy 49% stake in Rwanda's state carrier |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/ajimpact/qatar-airways-talks-buy-49-stake-rwanda-state-carrier-200205095627333.html |access-date=5 February 2020 |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=10 February 2020 |title=Qatar Airways confirms purchase of 49% stake in RwandAir |url=https://www.theafricareport.com/23179/qatar-airways-confirms-purchase-of-49-stake-in-rwandair/ |access-date=10 February 2020 |publisher=The Africa Report}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Qatar Airways in Talks to Buy 49% RwandAir Stake, Interested in Increasing LATAM Investment |url=https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2020/02/05/business/05reuters-qatar-aviation-qatar-airways-m-a.html |access-date=5 February 2020 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> '''Inzira y'indege''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=RwandAir Flight Pass |url=https://rwandair.optiontown.com/ |access-date=13 March 2020 |website=RwandAir Flight Pass}}</ref> Muri 2019, RwandAir yagiranye ubufatanye na Optiontown ikorera muri Amerika kugirango itangire urubuga rwo kwishyurwa mbere yindege yiswe Flight Pass, ituma abakiriya babanza kugura indege za RwandAir ku giciro cyiza kandi bagahitamo igihe bashaka gutembera nyuma. [[Dosiye:ET-APS - Ethiopian Airlines - Boeing 777-F6N - 41846 - VGHS.jpg|thumb|indenge ya Ethiopian ]] Muri Nzeri 2022, hatangajwe imigambi y’indege yo kwinjira muri Oneworld, ku nkunga ya Qatar Airways . <ref>{{Cite web |date=15 September 2022 |title=RWANDAIR WILL JOIN ONEWORLD ALLIANCE |url=https://liveandletsfly.com/rwandair-oneworld/}}</ref> Ibi byatumye indege ya RwandAir ya gatatu yinjira mubufatanye bwindege muri Afrika yuburasirazuba, nyuma ya Ethiopian Airlines ( Star Alliance ) na [[Kenya]] Airways ( SkyTeam ), n'indege ya kabiri ny'afurika nyuma ya Royal Air Maroc kwinjira muri Oneworld. == Ibikorwa == === Kuba nyir'ubuyobozi no kuyobora === U Rwandair rufite 100 ku ijana na Guverinoma y'u Rwanda. <ref name="DOTOST2017">{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=APPLICATION OF RWANDAIR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY FOR AMENDINGFOREIGN AIR CARRIER PERMIT |url=https://beta.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-2017-0049-0006 |publisher=US Department of Transport |access-date=2023-06-04 |archive-date=2021-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206055405/https://beta.regulations.gov/document/DOT-OST-2017-0049-0006 |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="Seventeen">{{Cite web |last=Saul Butera |date=12 February 2013 |title=RwandAir May Offer Shares After Returning to Profit in Two Years |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-12/rwandair-may-offer-shares-after-returning-to-profit-in-two-years.html |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=[[Bloomberg.com]]}}</ref> Kugeza muri Gicurasi 2021, amasezerano yo kugurisha imigabane 49% muri Qatar Airways bivugwa ko ari mu cyiciro cya nyuma. <ref>{{Cite web |date=26 March 2021 |title=Govt in final talks with Qatar Airways over RwandAir equity |url=https://www.logupdateafrica.com/govt-in-final-talks-with-qatar-airways-over-rwandair-equity-aviation |publisher=Logistics Update Africa}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=22 March 2021 |title=Kigali in final talks with Qatar over RwandAir equity |url=https://www.ch-aviation.com/portal/news/101746-kigali-in-final-talks-with-qatar-over-rwandair-equity |publisher=ch-Aviation}}</ref> Guverinoma yigeze kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo indege nyuma ya 2013, imaze kubona inyungu; inzira yari yarateganyijwe muri 2008 nyuma yuko bigaragaye ko muri kiriya gihe nta muntu n'umwe wigeze atanga amafaranga yari ateganijwe kugirango igurishwa. <ref name="Eighteen">{{Cite web |last=RNA Reporter |date=4 September 2010 |title=RwandAir to be sold after becoming profitable – Finance Minister |url=http://www.rnanews.com/politics/4122-rwandair-to-be-sold-after-becoming-profitable-finance-minister |access-date=18 May 2018 |publisher=Rwanda News Agency (RNA) |location=Kigali |archive-date=19 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519120911/http://www.rnanews.com/politics/4122-rwandair-to-be-sold-after-becoming-profitable-finance-minister |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwandair Express B737-5L9 OY-APH (leased Maersk) (6432281483).jpg|thumb|Rutemikirere ya Rwandair]] Inama y'ubutegetsi ya RwandAir ishinzwe kureba niba indege ikurikiza uburyo bukwiye bwo kuyobora ibigo kugira ngo habeho ishyirwaho no kurinda agaciro ka abanyamigabane. Patricie Uwase kuri ubu ni Umuyobozi wa RwandAir kuva muri Nzeri 2021; umukambwe umaze igihe kinini mu by'indege Girma Wake yari umuyobozi kuva muri 2012 kugeza 2017. Muri Mata 2018, Yvonne Manzi Makolo niwe umuyobozi mukuru, amaze kuzamurwa mu ntera n’umuyobozi nk'uwungirije, ushinzwe ibikorwa by’amasosiyete. Yasimbuye umuyobozi mukuru w'agateganyo Col. Amahirwe Ndagano. == Rwandair == Rwandaiar nindege yurwanda ikaba itwara abantu barenga ibihumbi bibiri(2000) ikaba ikora ingendo zohanze nindege yatumye urwanda rumenyekana kurwego mpuza mahanga nkomuburayi nahandi hatandukanye .nindege yinjiriza urwandakandi ikanorohereza ingendo kubashaka kujya mubihugu byohanze.iyindege kandi inafasha mubijyanye nubwikorezi nubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka. mubushakashatsi nakoze nasanze rwandair ariyo ndege ninin murwanda nange nayihaye akazina ariko INDATA RWANDA RWANDAIR {{Reflist|2}} [[Ikiciro:Indege]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ipkgb0u5s5blr1bohfie0dtzfegvgxo 0 16700 140546 134744 2026-09-30T09:29:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140546 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Facade of Hotel des Mille Collines - a.k.a. Hotel Rwanda - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Hotel ]] [[Dosiye:Garden Bar of Hotel des Mille Collines - a.k.a. Hotel Rwanda - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|286x286px|'''Garden Bar of Hotel des Mille Collines - a.k.a. Hotel Rwanda - Kigali - Rwanda''']] '''Hôtel des Mille Collines''' (Hotel y’imisozi igihumbi) ni hoteri nini iri [[Kigali|mu mujyi wa Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] . Yamenyekanye cyane nyuma yuko abantu 1.268 bahungiye muri iyi nyubako mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] yo mu 1994. Inkuru ya hoteri n’umuyobozi wayo muri kiriya gihe yari, [[Paul Rusesabagina]], yaje gukoreshwa nk'ishingiro rya filime ya Terry George ya ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'' muri 2004. Iyi hoteli y'inyenyeri 4 itanga ikigo cy'ubucuruzi na [[Wi-Fi]] y'ubuntu. Ibikoresho byo kwidagadura birimo pisine yo hanze ifite akabari, spa n'ibigo by'imyitozo ngororamubiri, n'ibibuga bya tenisi. Ahantu nyaburanga hafi harimo Sitade Amahoro n'Ikigo cy'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside cya Kigali.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://fr.readytotrip.com/hotels/Rwanda/Nyarugenge/Kigali/hotel-des-mille-collines-by-kempinski/|title=Hotel des Mille Collines 4* ➜ Kigali, Nyarugenge|lang=fr|date=2025-01-11|url-status=live}}</ref> == Amateka == Isosiyete y'indege y'Ababiligi Sabena niyo yubatse '''Hôtel des Mille Collines''' muri 1973 kandi yari iyifite mu gihe cya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda muri 1994. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Mwai |first=Collins |date=March 22, 2016 |title=Mille Collines snaps ties with Kempinski Hotels |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-03-22/198228/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-05-15 |website=[[The New Times Rwanda]]}}</ref> Yari hoteri Y'inyenyeri enye ifite ibyumba 112, akabari, ibyumba bitatu by'inama, resitora, pisine, hamwe na tennis. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Guest rooms & services |url=http://www.millecollines.net/Guest_room.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060511235346/http://www.millecollines.net/Guest_room.aspx |archive-date=2006-05-11}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Facilities and Leisure |url=http://www.millecollines.net/Terms_conditions.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060406073116/http://www.millecollines.net/Terms_conditions.aspx |archive-date=2006-04-06}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Sign at Gate of Hotel des Mille Collines - a.k.a. Hotel Rwanda - Kigali - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Hotel]] Ku ya 10 Kanama 2005, Hoteli Sabena yagurishije Hotel des Mille Collines kuri Hotel MIKCOR Hotel Holding <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 15, 2005 |title=News: Mikcor Hotel Group |url=http://www.millecollines.net/News.aspx?News_ID=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922173612/http://www.millecollines.net/News.aspx?News_ID=1 |archive-date=2008-09-22 |access-date=2008-12-02 |website=}}</ref> kuri miliyoni 3.2 z'amadolari y'Amerika (hafi miliyari 1.8 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda ). <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=September 15, 2005 |title=Hôtel des Mille Collines news page |url=http://www.millecollines.net/News.aspx?News_ID=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922173612/http://www.millecollines.net/News.aspx?News_ID=1 |archive-date=2008-09-22 |access-date=2008-12-02 |website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Hotel Des Mille Collines |url=http://www.hotel-contacts.com/33208/hotel-des-mille-collines.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104504/http://www.hotel-contacts.com/33208/hotel-des-mille-collines.html |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |access-date= |website=hotel-contacts.com}}</ref> Umuyobozi mukuru w'itsinda rya MIKCOR, Miko Rwayitare, yavuze ko mu ihererekanyabubasha ryabereye muri iyo hoteri ku wa kane tariki ya 16, yavuze ko ubu iryo tsinda rifite 89% bya hoteri byose, ifite 8.5% na 2.5% ifitwe na Banki ishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda (BRD) na guverinoma yu Rwanda. Rwayitare kandi yari umuyobozi mukuru wa Telecel International, yari isosiyete y'itumanaho. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Majyambere |first=Gertrude |date=September 19, 2005 |title=MIKCOR Hotels takes over Milles Collines |url=http://www.rwanda.rw/article.php3?id_article=1010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20070730021926/http://www.rwanda.rw/article.php3?id_article=1010 |archive-date=2007-07-30 |access-date= |website=rwanda.rw}}</ref> Muri Mata 2014, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mwai |first=Collins |date=March 22, 2016 |title=Mille Collines snaps ties with Kempinski Hotels |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2016-03-22/198228/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=2016-05-15 |website=[[The New Times Rwanda]]}} [[Ikiciro:CS1 maint: url-status]]</ref> Mickor Investment Holdings Ltd yahinduye imicungire ya hoteri ayishyikiriza Hoteli Kempinski <ref>{{Cite web |last=Agutamba |first=Kenneth |date=September 9, 2014 |title=No need for 'Hotel Rwanda' brand as Kempinski takes over Mille Collines |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/read/551 |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=October 9, 2019 |website=[[The New Times Rwanda]]}}</ref> maze Kôinski yitwa Hôtel des Mille Collines. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=July 22, 2014 |title=Kempinski takes over running of ‘Hotel Rwanda’ |url=http://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/kempinski-hotels-expands-african-portfolio/ |url-status=live |archive-url= |archive-date= |access-date=21 December 2015 |website=Breaking Travel News}}</ref> Hoteri yavuye mu munyururu wa Kempinski nyuma y'imyaka ibiri, kw'itariki 1 Mata 2016, isubira ku izina ryayo rya mbere. == Mu muco uzwi == [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 004 - A view of Kigali from Hôtel des Mille Collines - Kigali.jpg|thumb|'''ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 004 - A view of Kigali from Hôtel des Mille Collines - Kigali''']] Hoteri niho hategurirwaga filime ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]'', ariko ntabwo igaragara muri iyi filime, ariko ahanini yafatiwe muri [[Afurika y’Epfo|Afurika yepfo]] . Iyi hoteri ariko igaragara muri firime ya HBO 2005, Rimwe na rimwe muri Mata, na firime yo muri Kanada muri 2007, ''Shake Hands hamwe na Sekibi'', nayo yafatiwe ahantu mu Rwanda. == Reba == {{Reflist|2}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Commonscat|Hôtel des Mille Collines}} * [https://www.millecollines.rw/ Hôtel des Mille Collines official website] {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] 9f0lpl0bdvtpz6mmwdpx1r2acjc0mvy 0 16701 140547 132974 2026-09-30T09:29:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140547 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Chez Lando''' ni hoteri na resitora biherereye mu murwa mukuru w'igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], [[Kigali]]. Iyi hoteri yashinzwe mu myaka wo muri 1980 n’umucuruzi ukomeye w’abanyarwanda n’umunyapolitiki witwa [[Landoald Ndasingwa|Lando Ndasingwa]], n’umugore we w’umunyakanada Hélène, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chez Lando fire causes minimal damage &#124; the Rwanda Focus |url=http://www.focus.rw/wp/2016/07/chez-lando-fire-causes-minimal-damage/# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022083841/http://www.focus.rw/wp/2016/07/chez-lando-fire-causes-minimal-damage/# |archive-date=2016-10-22 |access-date=2016-10-18}}</ref> bombi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] muri 1994. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Ndasingwa, hoteri yigaruriwe na mushiki we [[Anne-Marie Kantengwa]], wari umunyeshuri mu 2013 muri gahunda y'amahoro ya IEEW binyuze muri gahunda y'ubucuruzi mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=the Institute for Economic Empowerment of Women – Anne-Marie Kantengwa |url=http://www.ieew.org/2013-ptb-students/anne-marie-kantengwa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000717/http://www.ieew.org/2013-ptb-students/anne-marie-kantengwa |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |website=Ieew.org}}</ref> hotel chez lando yatangiye mugihe cyo hambere == Indangasoko == [[Dosiye:Hotel_Chez_Lando.jpg|thumb|468x468px|ifoto igaragaza hotel chez lando]] {{Reflist}} == Reba == == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Ikiciro:Hoteli]] mu14i2rc0y7gckkinnmc6ap77ov9q1l 0 16709 140548 132973 2026-09-30T09:29:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140548 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Hotel_Chez_Lando.jpg|thumb| Hotel Chez Lando]] '''Chez Lando''' ni hoteri na resitora biherereye mu murwa mukuru w'igihugu cyu [[Rwanda]], [[Kigali|umujyi wa Kigali]].Iyi hoteri yashinzwe mu myaka wo muri 1980 n’umucuruzi ukomeye w’abanyarwanda n’umunyapolitiki witwa [[Landoald Ndasingwa|Lando Ndasingwa]], n’umugore we w’umunyakanada Hélène, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Chez Lando fire causes minimal damage &#124; the Rwanda Focus |url=http://www.focus.rw/wp/2016/07/chez-lando-fire-causes-minimal-damage/# |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022083841/http://www.focus.rw/wp/2016/07/chez-lando-fire-causes-minimal-damage/# |archive-date=2016-10-22 |access-date=2016-10-18}}</ref> bombi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] muri 1994. Nyuma y'urupfu rwa Ndasingwa, hoteri yigaruriwe na mushiki we [[Anne-Marie Kantengwa]], wari umunyeshuri mu 2013 muri gahunda y'amahoro yitwa IEEW binyuze muri gahunda y'ubucuruzi mu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=the Institute for Economic Empowerment of Women – Anne-Marie Kantengwa |url=http://www.ieew.org/2013-ptb-students/anne-marie-kantengwa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202000717/http://www.ieew.org/2013-ptb-students/anne-marie-kantengwa |archive-date=2 February 2017 |access-date=24 August 2017 |website=Ieew.org}}</ref> == Indangasoko == <references responsive="1"></references> == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] [[Ikiciro:Hoteli]] 5bmscfrpx0zejcxtd3ym0e9lbd0gw4l 0 16802 140549 133538 2026-09-30T09:29:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140549 wikitext text/x-wiki == Ingufu n'amashanyarazi == Mu Rwanda rwateye intambwe nini mu kuzamura amashanyarazi mu kinyejana cya 21 . Umubare munini w'ibice bishya byahawe amashanyarazi binyuze mu kwagura ibikorwa remezo . [[Dosiye:Windmill at kutubdia 14.jpg|thumb|inguzu nzamashanyarazi]] [[Dosiye:Andasol Guadix 4.jpg|thumb|ingufu zimirasire]] Kugabanuka kw'amashyamba amaherezo bizahatira [[abanyarwanda]] guhindukirira amasoko ya peteroli uretse amakara yo guteka no gushyushya . Urebye ubwinshi bw'imigezi n'ibiyaga , ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ni bwinshi . mu Rwanda rukoresha umutungo kamere binyuze mu mishinga ihuriweho n'amashanyarazi n'Uburundi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]. == Inganda == Urwego rw'inganda ruratera imbere, rutanga 16 % bya GDP muri 2012. <ref name="MINAGRI Annual Report 2018-2019">{{Cite web |title=Annual Report 2019–2020 |url=http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minagri/Publications/Annual_Reports/Annual_report_2019-20_FY_.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210324230501/https://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minagri/Publications/Annual_Reports/Annual_report_2019-20_FY_.pdf |archive-date=2021-03-24 |access-date=2020-12-23}}</ref> Uruganda rukora inganda rwiganjemo umusaruro usimbura ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga. Ibigo binini bitanga byeri, ibinyobwa bidasembuye, itabi, amasuka, ibimuga, isabune, matelas, umuyoboro wa pulasitike, ibikoresho byo gusakara, n'amazi icupa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Latest Global Tenders and Bids |url=https://www.globaltenders.com/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401092904/https://www.globaltenders.com/ |archive-date=2022-04-01 |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=Global Tenders |language=en}}</ref> Ibindi bicuruzwa byakozwe birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi, ibinyobwa bito , isabune, ibikoresho, inkweto, sima, ibicuruzwa bya pulasitike , imyenda n’itabi . [23] == Ubukerarugendo na serivisi == [[Dosiye:Gorilla_mother_and_baby_at_Volcans_National_Park.jpg|alt=Photograph depicting female adult gorilla with a baby on her shoulders, surrounded by green foliage|thumb|250x250px| [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|Ingagi zo mu misozi]] muri [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Parike y'Ibirunga]] .]] Urwego rwa serivisi mu Rwanda rwagize ibibazo mu mpera z'imyaka yo muri 2000 kubera ko amabanki yagabanije inguzanyo ndetse n'imishinga yo gufasha mu mahanga n'ishoramari bikagabanuka . [40] Urwego rwongeye kwiyongera mu mwaka wo muri 2010 , ruba urwego runini mu gihugu ku musaruro w’ubukungu kandi rutanga 43,6 % by’umusaruro rusange w’igihugu . [23] Abaterankunga bo mu rwego rwa gatatu barimo amabanki n’imari , ubucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa , amahoteri na resitora, ubwikorezi, ububiko, itumanaho, ubwishingizi , imitungo itimukanwa, serivisi z’ubucuruzi n’ubuyobozi bwa Leta harimo uburezi n’ubuzima . [40] [[Dosiye:Gorilla gorilla gorilla (Gorille des plaines de l'Ouest) - 458.jpg|thumb|Ingagi]] [[Ubukerarugendo mu Rwanda|Ubukerarugendo]] ni bumwe mu bukungu bwihuta cyane mu bukungu kandi bwabaye igihugu cya mbere mu kwinjiza amadovize mu gihugu mu 2011 . [41] Nubwo umurage wa jenoside, igihugu kigenda kibonwa ku rwego mpuzamahanga nk'ahantu heza ; Ubuyobozi bushinzwe abinjira n’abinjira n’abasohoka bwanditse abantu 405.801 basuye igihugu hagati [42] Mutarama na Kamena 2011 ; 16% muri bo baturutse hanze ya Afurika . Amafaranga yinjira mu bukerarugendo yari miliyoni 115,600.000 z'amadolari hagati [43] Mutarama na Kamena 2011; abakora ibiruhuko batanze 43 % byinjira, nubwo ari 9 % gusa [43] . U Rwanda ni kimwe mu bihugu bibiri gusa [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|ingagi zo mu misozi]] zishobora gusurwa neza; ingagi ikurikirana muri parike y’ibirunga ikurura abashyitsi ibihumbi ku mwaka, biteguye kwishyura ibiciro bihanitse. [44] Ibindi bintu bikurura abantu harimo: Ishyamba rya Nyungwe, ryitwa chimpanzees, Ruwenzori colobus n’izindi primates, resitora y’[[ikiyaga cya Kivu]], na Akagera, ikigega gito cya savanna mu burasirazuba bw’igihugu. [45] Ubukerarugendo bw'u Rwanda bushingiye ku bikurura [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|pariki y'ibirunga]] ( PNV ) hamwe [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|n'ibirunga]] bitandatu ndetse n'abaturage barinzwe [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|n'ingagi zo mu misozi]] zizwi cyane na [[Dian Fossey]] . Byongeye kandi, ubukerarugendo bwerekeza muri Afurika yo hagati igishanga kinini gikingiwe na [[Pariki y'Akagera|pariki ya Akagera]], hamwe n’abaturage ba hippopotami, inyamanswa ya cape, imparage, [[inzovu]], elande, n’andi matungo manini y’imikino. Ubukerarugendo bujyanye [[Kwitegereza inyoni|n’inyoni]] bufite ubushobozi bwo kwiteza imbere cyane cyane muri [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|parike y’igihugu ya Nyungwe]], mu mashyamba manini manini adacibwa muri Afurika. Pariki ya Nyungwe ibamo amoko arenga 300 y’inyoni. Kandi ubwoko butandukanye bwubuzima bwo mwishyamba nabwo. [[Dosiye:Ubucuruzi bw'ibirayi.jpg|thumb|Ubucuruzi]] Inzibutso nyinshi zijyanye na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] zatangiye kubyara ubukerarugendo bukomeye. Urugero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisozi mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Karere ka Gasabo]] ka [[Kigali]] - ahashyinguwe abagera ku 300.000 bazize jenoside - rufite ahantu hamwe n’imurikagurisha rya jenoside bifitanye isano n’isomero kandi rifite gahunda yo guteza imbere ikigo cyigisha ku mateka ya jenoside. Ikindi kigo gikomeye cy’urwibutso kijyanye na jenoside gikurura ba mukerarugendo ni Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi rwubatswe mu cyahoze ari [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|ishuri ry’ubuhanga rya tekinike rya Murambi]] aho abantu 45.000 biciwe naho skeleti 850 hamwe n’ibisigazwa by’abapfuye byerekanwa. Ibindi bibanza bibiri by’urwibutso bifitanye isano na jenoside biri mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Karere ka Kicukiro]] : Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero ahashyinguwe abantu 14.400 n’urwibutso rwa Jenocide rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro aho abantu 5000 bishwe nyuma y’uko abasirikare [[Ububiligi|b’Ababiligi]] bakoreraga mu ngabo [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|z’umuryango w’abibumbye]] zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro babatereranye. Mu Ntara ya Kibungo, ahabereye ubwicanyi bwa Nyarubuye niho hari Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye aho abagera ku 20.000 bishwe nyuma yo guhungira muri [[kiliziya Gatolika]] ya [[Roma]] ndetse no mu ngo z'ababikira n'abapadiri bahari. == Imibare yamateka == Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byubukungu muri 1980–2017. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Report for Selected Countries and Subjects |url=https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=36&pr.y=13&sy=1980&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=714&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a= |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200730225724/https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=36&pr.y=13&sy=1980&ey=2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=714&s=NGDP_RPCH,PPPGDP,PPPPC,PCPIPCH,GGXWDG_NGDP&grp=0&a= |archive-date=2020-07-30 |access-date=2018-09-07 |language=en-US}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Umwaka ! 1980 ! 1985 ! 1990 ! 1995 ! 2000 ! 2005 ! 2006 ! 2007 ! 2008 ! 2009 ! 2010 ! 2011 ! 2012 ! 2013 ! 2014 ! 2015 ! 2016 ! 2017 |- | GDP muri madolari<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(PPP)</small> | 2.11 Bln. | 3.66 Bln. | 3.96 Bln. | 2.96 Bln. | 5.00 Bln. | 8.28 Bln. | 9.32 Bln. | 10.30 Bln. | 11.68 Bln. | 12.50 Bln. | 13.58 Bln. | 14.94 Bln. | 16.56 Bln. | 17.62 Bln. | 19.30 Bln. | 21.24 Bln. | 22.80 Bln. | 24.62 Bln. |- | GDP kuri buri muntu muri madolari<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>(PPP)</small> | 453 | 643 | 614 | 541 | 667 | 938 | 1.036 | 1,120 | 1,229 | 1.289 | 1.358 | 1.465 | 1.577 | 1.640 | 1.754 | 1.884 | 1.973 | 2.080 |- | Ubwiyongere bwa GDP<br /><br /><br /><br /><small>(nyabyo)</small> | −3.6 % | 5.5 % | 0.4 % | 24.5 % | 8.4 % | 9.4 % | 9.2 % | 7.6 % | 11.2 % | 6.3 % | 7.3 % | 7.8 % | 8.8 % | 4.7 % | 7.6 % | 8.9 % | 6.0 % | 6.1 % |- | Ifaranga<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(ku ijana)</small> | 7.2 % | −1.1 % | 4.2 % | 56.0 % | 3.9 % | 9.1 % | 8.8 % | 9.1 % | 15.4 % | 10.3 % | 2.3 % | 5.7 % | 6.3 % | 4.2 % | 1.8 % | 2.5 % | 5.7 % | 4.8 % |- | Umwenda wa Leta<br /><br /><br /><br /> <small>(Ijanisha rya GDP)</small> | . . . | . . . | . . . | 120 % | 103 % | 67 % | 24 % | 24 % | 19 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 20 % | 27 % | 29 % | 33 % | 37 % | 41 % |} == Reba kandi == * [[Rwanda]] * [[Ingufu mu Rwanda]] * Itumanaho mu Rwanda * [[Transport mu Rwanda|Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda]] * Komisiyo y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe ubukungu muri Afurika '''Rusange:''' * [[Ubukungu bw'Afurika|Ubukungu bwa Afurika]] == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} === Imirimo yatanzwe ===   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Economy of Rwanda at Curlie * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070901213134/http://www.pulitzercenter.org/openitem.cfm?id=215 Pulitzer Center on Crisis Reporting] Rwanda Human Conflict and Environmental Consequences (Video) * [http://www.trademap.org/open_access/Index.aspx?proceed=true&reporter=646 Rwanda latest trade data on ITC Trade Map] * [http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/RWA/Year/2012/Summary World Bank Summary Trade Statistics Rwanda] * {{Cite journal|pages=1–14}} [[Ikiciro:Ubukungu bw’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] a7i611w4610dr5omic9hrafjbrldv3g 0 16819 140550 125325 2026-09-30T09:29:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140550 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nation police.jpg|thumb|Moto nimodoka bishinzwe umutekano mu Rwanda]] [[Dosiye:RWANDAN POLICE.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Police car in Rwanda.jpg|thumb]] [[Dosiye:Meeting at the office of the Inspector General of Police.jpg|thumb]] Umutekano n'iterambere Bimaze kugaragara ko umutekano ari kimwe mu nkingi z'iterambere. Urwanda ni igihugu kimaze kugera ku ntambwe ishimishije mu mutekano wacyo aho u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] rwishimira ko iterambere rugezeho kugeza ubu uhereye nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide yakorewe abatutsi]] mu mwaka w'i 1994 ari kubw'impamvu z'umutekano wizewe ndetse n'ubwiyunge mu banyarwanda [[u Rwanda]] ruvugako umutekano ari kimwe mu inkingi ikomeye y'iterambere muburyo bwose nko [[Dosiye:Moto yumutekano.jpg|thumb|umutekano]] kubaka,imyidagaduro,ubukerarugendo,ubucuruzi bwo mu gihugu ndese n'ubwambukiranya imipaka,ubugeni ndetse n'ibindi byose bigerwaho kubw'umutekano w'igihugu wizewe.<ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amafoto-1922/article/dutemberane-i-kigali-umujyi-unyaruka-mu-iterambere-amafoto</ref> [[Dosiye:Rwanda_National_Police.png|thumb|Rwanda National Police niyo ishiznzwe umutekano wa abaturage ]] == Akamaro == isuku n'umutekano biranga igihugu cy'u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] byumwihariko [[Umujyi wa Kigali]] biri mubituma ubwiza ndetse n'uburanga byiyongera.<ref>https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukungu/iterambere/article/imyubakire-imiturirwa-ya-kigali-itanga-izihe-serivisi</ref> Isuku n'umutekano no kurengera ibidukikije ni yo ntego [[Umujyi wa Kigali|y’umujyi wa Kigali]]. Uri ku isonga muri [[Afurika]] mu kugira isuku, bigatuma uza mu myanya ya mbere yakira inama mpuzamahanga zikomeye.<ref>https://www.facebook.com/igihe/posts/inyubako-nshya-ziri-guhindura-isura-yumujyi-wa-kigali-rwagati-amafoto-httpigihec/10155633299627114/</ref> == Imiturire mu mujyi wa kigali == [[Umujyi wa Kigali]] utuwe n’abarenga miliyoni 1,2 ni umwe mu mijyi yaguka cyane muri [[Afurika]] ku kigero cya 4% ku mwaka, ukaba n’igicumbi cy’ubukungu bw’u [[Rwanda Nziza|Rwanda]] kuko ugira uruhare rwa 41% ku musaruro mbumbe w’igihugu.<ref>https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2018/rw-government-gazette-dated-2018-03-05-no-10.pdf</ref> == Ishakiro == njis4iyoqkdjhqua5nn4czpvtx2p8xm 0 16822 140551 122119 2026-09-30T09:29:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140551 wikitext text/x-wiki Hariho inzira nyinshi za gari ya moshi ziteganijwe mu [[Rwanda]], harimo n'umuyoboro ugana muri [[Tanzaniya]] . Mu mateka hari Gari ya moshi y'amateka aho hari inganda eshatu zikora gari ya moshi . == Politiki imwe yo mu Bushinwa == Umuryango Belt and Road Initiative, washyizwe ahagaragara na Xi Jinping mu mpera z'umwaka wo muri 2013, hanyuma uzamurwa mu ntera na Minisitiri w’intebe wi Li Keqiang ubwo yasuraga leta muri [[Aziya]] n’[[Burayi|Uburayi]]. Hazashyirwaho umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru w'u [[Rwanda]], n'icyambu cya Mombasa muri [[Kenya]]. == Amateka == U Rwanda rwigeze kugira batatu 600 mm nka gari ya moshi ntoya, Nta n'umwe muri ho bigeze batanga serivisi zitwara abagenzi muri gale ya Moshi. Gari ya moshi z'inganda zakozwe mbere na: * ''Société Minière de Muhinga et de Kigali'', mu birombe bya (SOMUKI) Muhinga na [[Kigali]] kuva muri 1924, * ''Société des mines d'etain du Ruanda-Urundi'' (Minétain), mu kirombe cya Katumba kuva muri 1928, * ''Société des Mines de Rwanda'' (SOMIRWA), mu ruganda rutunganya amabati rwa Karuruma kuva muri 1982. Kugeza muri 1988, ubwo bucuruzi ko ari butatu bwunze ubumwe nka ''Régie d'Exploitation et de Développement des Mines'' (RÉDEMI), nayo yakoraga gari ya moshi eshatu. Icyakora, mu myaka 20 yakurikiyeho gari ya moshi yangiritse cyane kubera intambara y'abenegihugu yo muri Rwanda na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] . Birashoboka ko batagikora. == Ibyifuzo == Kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cyo muri 21, hari ibyifuzo byinshi byerekeranye na gari ya moshi ihuza u Rwanda n'ibihugu duturanye. Imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi isanzwe iri hafi ya [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Kenya]] na [[Tanzaniya]] ikoresha nka 1,000 mm Nko mu myaka ya za muri 1980, Umuryango w’ibibaya bya Kagera wakoze ubushakashatsi bushoboka bw’ubukungu muri gahunda ya gari ya moshi ya KBO ihuza [[Uburundi|u Burundi]], u [[Rwanda]] na DRC, ariko ubwo buryo bwateganijwe ntabwo bwigeze busohora. Muri 2000, Isoko Rusange rya Afurika y'Iburasirazuba n'Amajyepfo (COMESA) ryatangije umushinga wa gari ya moshi [[Ibiyaga Bigari|wo mu biyaga bigari]] birimo ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi n'amazi ku biyaga bya Tanganyika, [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Kivu]], na [[Ikiyaga cya Edward|Edward]] bihuza u Burundi, DRC, u Rwanda, [[Ubugande|Uganda]], na [[Zambiya]] . Intego yuwo mushinga kwari ukunoza umubano hagati yibiyaga bigari nu majyepfo ya Afrika 3 hamwe 6 mu miyoboro ya gari ya moshi. COMESA yahaye komisiyo ishinzwe ubwubatsi muri Afurika yepfo, Makhosi Holdings, gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka mu nzira nyabagendwa za gari ya moshi zo mu biyaga bigari byemeranijwe n’abanyamuryango ba COMESA. Icyarimwe, irindi tsinda ryaba injeniyeri bo muri Afrika yepfo ryasezeranijwe na COMESA gukora ubushakashatsi bushoboka bwo guhuza indi gari ya moshi mu Rwanda, ikora {{Convert|150|km}} mu majyepfo yuburasirazuba kuva Kigali kugera Isaka, aho yaba yarahujwe na metero isanzwe ya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya. Kimwe na sisitemu ya gari ya moshi ya KBO, ariko, ibyifuzo bya COMESA ntabwo byashyizwe mubikorwa. Kugeza muri 2004, ikigo gishya gishinzwe guhuza no gutwara abantu n'ibintu mu majyaruguru, gifite icyicaro i Mombasa, [[Kenya|muri Kenya]], cyateje imbere umushinga wo guhuza Kisangani na Mombasa ukoresheje umurongo mushya uva Kasese ugana Kisangani, hamwe n'imirongo yo kugaburira ihuza Kasese na Goma hanyuma ikanyura Bukavu kugera Kigali na Bujumbura. Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri, mu nama yabereye muri Kanama 2006 n’abanyamuryango [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|b’Urwanda rwo gukunda igihugu cy’u Rwanda]], Guanzheng, wo mu ishyaka rya gikomunisiti ry’Ubushinwa, yemeje ko [[Ubushinwa|Repubulika y’Ubushinwa]] ishaka gutera inkunga ubushakashatsi ku bishoboka ko hubakwa gari ya moshi ihuza umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya ahitwa Isaka, unyura muri Kigali mu Rwanda unyura mu Burundi. <ref>{{Cite web |title=China to Assist Rwanda |url=http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2006/09/china-to-assist-rwanda/ |access-date=21 September 2012 |website=[http://www.railwaysafrica.com Railways Africa website] |publisher=Railways Africa |archive-date=4 January 2013 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130104154943/http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2006/09/china-to-assist-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Gahunda ya gari ya moshi yo mu Burundi nu Rwanda yo mu 2000 === Muri 2000, [[Uburundi|u Burundi]] n'u Rwanda byatangaje gahunda yo kubaka umuhanda wa gari ya moshi uhuza ibihugu byabo n'umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya, bityo ukajya ku cyambu cya Dar es Salaam cyo muri nyanja y'Abahinde . === 2006 gutinda === Nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda bibitangaza ngo [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] niyo yagize uruhare mu gutinda muri 2006 kugenzura inzira y'umuhanda wa gari ya moshi iva Isaka unyura mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda [[Kigali]] ugana [[Bujumbura]] . Ubushakashatsi bwambere bushoboka bwagombaga gutwara miliyoni 2.7 Nk’uko ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda bibitangaza ngo Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere yagombaga kuguriza 90% by'igiciro cya gari ya moshi, asigaye ikishyurwa na Tanzaniya n'u Rwanda. Ibiro ntaramakuru by'u Rwanda byatangaje ko biteganijwe ko isosiyete [[Ubuhinde|y'Abahinde]] yitwa RITES izatwara amasezerano yo gucunga umurongo wa Isaka. Intumwa zaturutse muri gari ya moshi zo muri Amerika BNSF nazo zabonanye na Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] kugira ngo baganire ku nzira iva Kigali yerekeza Isaka kandi muri icyo gihe guverinoma yatangaje ko yahisemo isosiyete ikora ubujyanama mu Budage kugira ngo ikore imirimo y’icyitegererezo ku murongo w’iposita. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-04-27 |title=Rwanda: Kagame Meets Railway Expert |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200704250668.html |publisher=The New Times, Kigali, Rwanda}}</ref> === Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'abashinwa muri 2007 === Ubushinwa bwagize uruhare runini mu kubaka TAZARA igice cya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya, maze muri 2007 bukora ubushakashatsi bwo kwagura umuyoboro i Rwanda. === Gahunda yo muri 2008 === Ku ya 26 Mutarama 2008, Perezida w'u Rwanda yatangaje gahunda ya Gari ya moshi ya BNSF yo kubaka umuhanda uva mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda [[Kigali]] n'umuhanda wa gari ya moshi wa Tanzaniya muri Isaka Tanzania. Raporo zimwe zivuga ko umurongo mushya uzaba igipimo gito, kimwe n’ibindi bikorwa bya gari ya moshi ya Tanzaniya. Andi makuru avuga ko Tanzaniya yamaze gufata icyemezo cyo kuzamura umurongo wa Isaka kugera ku gipimo gisanzwe, kandi ko Isaki Kigali ihuza nayo yaba igipimo gisanzwe. Nyamara andi makuru avuga ko ukuguru kwa Isaka Rwanda kwaba kugipimo gisanzwe kandi ko imizigo ijyanwa mu bubiko butandukanye muri Isaka. Nkuko ibiro ntaramakuru bya Reuters bibitangaza ngo imidugararo ya politiki mu baturanyi ba [[Kenya]] yahungabanije ubwizerwe bwa serivisi z’imihanda na gari ya moshi zinyura muri Kenya. Kandi umurongo w’u Rwanda watuma ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bwambukiranya Kenya mu gihe ubwikorezi bwa gari ya moshi bwahungabanywa mu gihe kiri imbere. Biteganijwe ko gahunda iteganijwe kuzarangira muri 2013. Amafaranga ateganijwe ntaramenyekana. === Gahunda yo muri 2013 === Harategurwa izindi gahunda zo guhuza [[Ubugande|Uganda]] . <ref>http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2013/10/new-railway-from-rwanda-to-uganda/</ref> Umuhango wo gufungura muri Gushyingo 2013 umuhanda wa gari ya moshi usanzwe uva Mombasa, [[Kenya]] unyuze [[Nairobi|i Nairobi]] na Kampala ugana muri [[Rwanda]] [[Uburundi|n'Uburundi]] . <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11354948-s150.htm |title=Photo and Map |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304193635/http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11354948-s150.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref>http://www.railwaysafrica.com/blog/2011/07/07/african-development-bank-grants-for-study/</ref> == Harimo kubakwa == * (Umuhango wo gufungura igipimo gisanzwe muri Ugushyingo 2013) Sitasiyo nshya igomba kuza nyuma yo kuzuza gari ya moshi isanzwe <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kenya kicks off construction of standard gauge railway line - Xinhua {{!}} English.news.cn |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2013-11/29/c_132926989.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140509001305/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/africa/2013-11/29/c_132926989.htm |archive-date=2014-05-09 |website=news.xinhuanet.com}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11345216.htm |title=Photo and Map |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093342/http://www.railpage.com.au/f-t11345216.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Mombassa]] - icyambu * [[Emali]] - ibitotsi bya beto <ref>{{Cite web |title=PHOTOS- Standard Gauge Railway Construction In Kenya - Naibuzz |url=http://naibuzz.com/2015/04/13/photos-standard-gauge-railway-construction-in-kenya/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150612010735/http://naibuzz.com/2015/04/13/photos-standard-gauge-railway-construction-in-kenya |archive-date=2015-06-12 |website=naibuzz.com}}</ref> * [[Nairobi]] - umurwa mukuru wa Kenya * [[Kampala]] - umurwa mukuru wa Uganda * [[Kigali]] - umurwa mukuru w'u Rwanda * [[Bujumbura]] - uwahoze ari umurwa mukuru w'u Burundi == Ingamba za tekinike zo kunesha igipimo == Ku ya 31 Gicurasi 2008, hari icyifuzo cyo guhuza gari ya moshi zo mu Misiri, hari nka 1,435 mm == Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi n'ibihugu byegeranye == * [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] - 1,067 mm * [[Uburundi|Burundi]] - nta gari ya moshi * [[Ubugande|Uganda]] - 1,000 mm == Reba kandi ==   * Igishushanyo mbonera cya Gari ya moshi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba * [[Rwanda]] * Ubwikorezi mu Rwanda == Ikarita == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180621131839/http://maps.unhcr.org/en/view?id=3710 Ikarita ya Loni] == Reba == === Inyandiko === {{Reflist}} === Ibindi gusoma === *   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/rwanda.pdf Ikarita ya Loni y'u Rwanda] * [https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/burundi.pdf Ikarita y’umuryango w’abibumbye] * [http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/BC0EF176D6BCADE385256C0800474100/$File/wfp_safr_rails0702.pdf?OpenElement Gariyamoshi yo muri Afrika yepfo] * [http://railwaysafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=4&id=33&Itemid=35 Amakuru yu Rwanda kurubuga rwa ''gari ya moshi''] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Ingendo]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] krig8snkc07xmpqrpvbgournu7ze5se 0 16829 140552 128607 2026-09-30T09:29:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140552 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RwandaRoads.jpg|thumb|250x250px| Ikarita yerekana inzira ny'amukuru mu Rwanda.]] [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 06-20-51 Rwanda Southern Province - Shori.JPG|thumb|Umuhanda]] [[Dosiye:Road in Rulindo, Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa Rulindo]] [[Dosiye:2013-06-05 06-29-23 Rwanda Southern Province - Rubanga.JPG|thumb|Umuhanda wa Rubanga mu majyepfo]] '''Sisitemu yo gutwara abantu mu Rwanda''' yibanda cyane k'umuhanda. Imihanda ya kaburimbo iri hagati y'umurwa mukuru wa [[Kigali]], n'indi mijyi minini yo mu gihugu. [[Rwanda|U Rwanda]] kandi ruhuza umuhanda n’ibindi bihugu byo mu [[Ibiyaga Bigari|biyaga bigari bya Afurika]], binyuzwamo ibicuruzwa byinshi bitumizwa muri mahanga n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga<ref name=":0">https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_mu_Rwanda&veaction=edit</ref><ref name=":0" />. Iki gihugu gifite ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cyiri i Kigali, gikorera mu gihugu kimwe ndetse no mu bihugu byinshi, kandi gifite ubwikorezi buke hagati y’imijyi y’i cyambu ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] . Muri iki gihe nta gari ya moshi ihari mu Rwanda. Ishoramari ryinshi mu bikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu ryakozwe na guverinoma kuva muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo muri 1994]], ifashijwe n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, [[Ubushinwa]], Ubuyapani n’abandi. == Umuyoboro == [[Dosiye:A_abakora.jpg|thumb| umuhanda i kigali]] U Rwanda rufite i kilometero bigera ku bihumbi 12,000 y'imihanda, muri yo kilometero 1,000 y'akaburimbo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=CIA World Factbook - Rwanda |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda/ |access-date=2023-06-08 |archive-date=2021-01-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109091722/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ibisigaye ni umuhanda wa kaburimbo ufite ubuziranenge buratandukanye kuva ahantu hakeye hafite imiyoboro itwara amazi kugeza kumurongo, utaringaniye cyane unyura mu modoka ifite ibiziga bine . Ibinyabiziga biri mu gihugu bigenda iburyo bwu muhanda. Icyakora, abanyamuryango batatu bakomeye bagize [[Umuryango w’Ibihugu by’Iburasirazuba bw’Afurika|Umuryango w’Afurika y’iburasirazuba]] (EAC) u Rwanda rugize, harimo abaturanyi ba Tanzaniya na Uganda, batwara ibumoso. Birahendutse cyane gutumiza ibinyabiziga byagenewe gutwara ibumoso kuruta iburyo, bishoboka ko biterwa n’isoko rya kabiri ryaturutse mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] n’Ubuyapani bihendutse ugereranije n’Uburayi, bityo amamodoka menshi yatumijwe mu mahanga kugeza igihe leta yabujije kwinjiza mu mahanga 2005 kubera impungenge z'umutekano. Kubera itandukaniro ry’ibiciro by’imodoka, hamwe n’ubushobozi bwo kurushaho guhuza ubukungu n’ibindi bihugu bya EAC n’isoko rusange ry’ibihugu bya Afurika y’iburasirazuba n’Amajyepfo, guverinoma yatekereje guhindura igihugu gutwara ibinyabiziga ibumoso. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=439–444}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Road in Norway.jpg|thumb|Umuhanda wa kaburimbo]] === Umuhanda wa kaburimbo === Benshi mu mijyi minini yo mu gihugu ubu ihujwe n'umuhanda wa kaburimbo. Imiterere yiyi mihanda yari imaze igihe gito ikennye cyane, hamwe n’ibyobo byinshi n’imodoka akenshi bigenda ku nkombe z'umwanda kubera ko byafatwaga nk'ibyoroshye kurusha umuhanda ubwawo. Gahunda ya leta iherutse yo kuzamura no kuvugurura bivuze ko inzira nyinshi zikomeye ubu zimeze neza. Imiyoboro minini yo mu mijyi ya [[Kigali]], kimwe n’imihanda minini ya Ruhengeri, Kibuye, na [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] ni inzira nyabagendwa ebyiri, ariko imihanda minini y’igihugu yose ni inzira imwe. Nta nzira nyabagendwa i Rwanda. Inzira nyamukuru ni (reba ikarita yerekana umubare):<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_mu_Rwanda&veaction=edit</ref> {| class="wikitable" !# ! Tangira ! Iherezo ! Binyuze ! Ibisobanuro |- | align="center" | '''1''' | [[Kigali]] | Gatuna (umupaka [[Ubugande|wa Uganda]] ) | Byumba | Umuhanda munini unyura mu majyaruguru yigihugu, iyi niyo nzira nyamukuru igana Kabale na Kampala muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] |- | align="center" | '''2''' | [[Kigali]] | Kayonza | Rwamagana | Yerekeza iburasirazuba kuva umurwa mukuru. Kuvugurura uyu muhanda biherutse kurangira, kandi birerekana inzira ya mbere yu Rwanda ikwiye kuzenguruka umujyi wa Rwamagana |- | align="center" | 2a | Kayonza | Kagitumba (umupaka [[Ubugande|wa Uganda]] ) | Nyagatare | Gukomeza umuhanda wa 2, ugana mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu. Mbere ya 1994, igice kinini cy'umuhanda cyari muri [[Pariki y'Akagera|parike y'igihugu ya Akagera]], ariko ubu ako gace karatuwe, ahanini n’impunzi zagarutse ziva muri Uganda nyuma y'intambara. |- | align="center" | 2b | Kayonza | Rusumo (umupaka [[Tanzaniya|wa Tanzaniya]] ) | Kibungo | Inzira nyamukuru ijya muri Tanzaniya, ikamanuka ikagera mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'igihugu. Umupaka ni ikiraro kinini hejuru yumugezi wa [[Umugezi wa Kagera|Kagera]] (nacyo kikaba kiri mumazi ya kure ya [[Nili]] ) |- | align="center" | '''3''' | [[Kigali]] | [[Fugi]] (umupaka [[Uburundi|w'u Burundi]] ) | Gitarama, [[Butare]] | Umuhanda uhuza imijyi ibiri minini yu Rwanda kimwe n’umuhanda uhuza [[Bujumbura]], umujyi munini ndetse wahoze ari umurwa mukuru [[Uburundi|w’Uburundi]] . Igice cyo mu majyepfo ya Gitarama cyongeye kugaragara mu 2004. |- | align="center" | 3a | Gitarama | Kibuye, Rwanda | | Uyu muhanda wagaragaye bwa mbere naba injeniyeri b'Abashinwa mu myaka icumi ishize, unyura mu misozi miremire cyane kandi wambuka ikibaya cya Nili / [[Umugezi wa Congo|Congo]] . |- | align="center" | 3b | [[Butare]] | Cyangugu (umupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|DRC]] ) | Gikongoro | Umuhanda munini cyane unyura mumutima wishyamba rya [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|Nyungwe]] ukarangirira ku nkombe yikiyaga cya [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|Kivu]] . Ihuza kandi umujyi wa Bukavu wo muri congo. |- | align="center" | '''4''' | [[Kigali]] | [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] (umupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|DRC]] ) | Ruhengeri | Umuhanda unyura mbere unyuze mu misozi ikikije [[Mount Kabuye|umusozi wa Kabuye]] hanyuma ugahindukira ugana iburengerazuba ugana mu majyepfo y’urunigi rw’ibirunga rwa [[Imisozi ya Virunga|Virunga]], mbere yuko urangirira i Gisenyi, ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu. Umuhanda ukomeje muri [[Goma]] muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|DRC]] . |- | align="center" | 4a | Ruhengeri | Cyanika (Umupaka [[Ubugande|wa Uganda]] ) | | Umuhanda uhuza Ruhengeri na Kisoro muri Uganda. Yanyuze hafi [[Ikirunga cya Muhabura|yumusozi wa Muhabura]] kandi ifite vista kuruhande rwumunyururu wa [[Imisozi ya Virunga|Virunga]] . |- | align="center" | 5 | [[Kigali]] | Umupaka [[Uburundi|w'Uburundi]] | [[Nyamata]] | Umuhanda washyizweho kaburimbo vuba aha kuva leta yu Rwanda itekereza kubaka ikibuga cyindege mpuzamahanga hafi yumujyi wa Nyamata. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Investments |url=http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=846 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728060743/http://www.bugesera.gov.rw/index.php?id=846 |archive-date=2013-07-28 |access-date=2012-09-05}}</ref> |- |} Hariho kandi umuhanda umwe usanzwe ari umuhanda wa kaburimbo utameze neza, ariko birashobora kuzamurwa vuba kugirango ube kaburimbo: * Umuhanda unyura ku [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] uhuza Cyangugu, Kibuye na [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], kubera ko ubu iyi mijyi ihujwe na politiki n'Intara [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|y'Uburengerazuba]] yari imaze gushingwa. == Ubwikorezi rusange == === Mpuzamahanga === Hariho serivisi nyinshi zabatoza burimunsi kuva mu Rwanda kugera aho zerekeza mu biyaga bigari bya Afrika: * Abatoza Nshingwabikorwa ba Jaguar, uhuza Kigali na Kampala, [[umurwa]] mukuru [[Ubugande|wa Uganda]], unyuze kuri Gatuna (umuhanda wa 1 ku ikarita iri hejuru) cyangwa unyuze kuri Kayonza na Kagitumba (umuhanda 2 na 2a). * Serivisi ishinzwe abatoza mu karere, ikora serivisi i Kampala (amasaha 8), [[Nairobi]], [[Kenya]] (amasaha 20) na Dar es Salaam, [[Tanzaniya]] (amasaha 36), yose ikanyura ku mupaka wa Gatuna. Izi bisi zisanzwe zifite ubukonje. * Umutoza w'Ubutatu - serivisi yu Rwanda ikoresha bisi zifatizo, zigenda hagati ya Kigali na Kampala. * Modern Coast, umutoza [[Kenya|wa Kenya]] hamwe na serivise yohereza ubutumwa ihuza [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] / [[Goma]] na [[Kigali]] unyuze i Gatuna na Kampala na [[Nairobi]] . Itanga kubika kumurongo no kwishyura, ibyiciro bitatu byicaro no muri bisi zimwe TV zumuntu hamwe na 240 V / USB socket. * Yahoo Car Express - Serivise ya minibus ikora hagati ya Kigali na [[Bujumbura]], [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . Iyi serivisi yagiye yibasirwa n’inyeshyamba zo mu Burundi, nubwo guverinoma nshya ivuga ko yakemuye iki kibazo ubu. Byongeye kandi, serivisi z’imodoka zitwara abagenzi (reba hano hepfo) zerekeza Gisenyi na Cyangugu akenshi zambuka umupaka wa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|DRC]] kugira ngo zitware abagenzi i [[Goma]] na Bukavu <ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_mu_Rwanda&veaction=edit</ref>. === Igihugu === Uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara abantu mu Rwanda ni bisi yihuta, yasimbuye tagisi y'imigabane kumihanda minini. ==== tagisi Rusange ==== [[Dosiye:Nyabugogo_Bus_Station_(213634905).jpeg|right|thumb| Bus ya Nyabugogo]] Sangira tagisi ikora hagati ya termini ebyiri (izwi nka parike ya tagisi), ariko uhagarare kenshi munzira yo gufata no guta abagenzi. Bazwi cyane nka ''tagisi'' cyangwa, mu mvugo, ''twegerane'', bisobanura ngo 'reka twicare hamwe' mu [[Ikinyarwanda|rurimi rwa Kinyarwanda]] ( tagisi isanzwe yigenga ikoreshwa nk'umushahara ''udasanzwe'' cyangwa ''tagisi'' ). Hafi kandi buri gihe bategereza kugeza byuzuye mbere yo kugenda, kandi barashobora no gutegereza umwanya muremure ahantu hamwe kumuhanda niba abantu badahagije bahari. Ubusanzwe ibinyabiziga ni minibus ya Toyota ifitwe numuntu ku giti cye ukoresha umushoferi ( [[Igifaransa|Fr]] : ''chauffeur'' ) hamwe nuyobora ( [[Igifaransa|Fr]] : ''convoyeur'' ) kugirango akore kandi abungabunge imodoka umunsi ku munsi. Benshi bafite imirongo ine yintebe, buri imwe ikaba yicara abantu bakuru bane (impinja nabana batabaruwe nkuko biteganijwe ko bicara ku bibero byumuntu mukuru). Byongeye kandi, hari imyanya ibiri yabagenzi imbere, kuburyo imodoka ishobora gutwara abagenzi bagera kuri cumi n'umunani, usibye umushoferi nuyobora. Kuyobora abashinzwe gufungura no gufunga umuryango munini unyerera no gukusanya amafaranga kubagenzi, kandi azahagarara mumwanya wumuryango niba imyanya yose yongeye kuba. Nta tike yatanzwe kuri ubu buryo bwa tagisi.<ref>https://rw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Transport_mu_Rwanda&veaction=edit</ref> [[Dosiye:MototaxisKigali(november2022).png|left|thumb|232x232px| Tagisi ya Moto i Kigali (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Igice kinini cyimodoka kumihanda yo mu Rwanda, cyane Kigali, ni tagisi ya moto. Moto cyangwa ibimoteri biratwarwa kandi umugenzi umwe arashobora guhagarara inyuma no kwishyura hanyuma akishyura amafaranga asabwa. ==== Busi ==== Ibi biruka mugihe cyagenwe (mubisanzwe buri minota 30) hagati yimijyi minini, gusa guhagarara ahagarara hafi yicyerekezo. Nubwo byagenda mbere, igiciro gikurikira gihagarara kigomba kwishyurwa. Inzira hafi ya zose zinyura Nyabugogo muri [[Kigali]] . Bisi ziyobowe na masosiyete yigenga kandi zitanga amatike mbere ni giciro cyashyizweho na leta. Nkuko amatike yishyuwe kandi agacapirwa ku biro (guhagarara gukomeye) cyangwa numukozi kumuhanda (guhagarara gato), ntabwo hakenewe umuyobozi uyobora amafaranga muri bisi. Amatike arashobora gutangwa mbere, bityo arashobora kugurishwa vuba mugihe cyakazi (cyane kuwa gatanu, ku cyumweru no gutangira ndetse kurangiza hamwe n'ibiruhuko by'ishuri). Bitandukanye na Tagisi yarusange, ubu buryo bwo gutwara bubaha, gahunda aho gutegereza kuzura. Na none, usanga hafi ya bose batuzuzwa ahubwo bagenda kare. Ingano iva kuri Toyota Coaster kugeza kumodoka nini. Abagenzi benshi bayoborwa na Ritco, leta ifitemo uruhare. Niyo sosiyete yonyine ifite aho ihagarara mu gihugu hose, mu gihe abandi batwara imodoka bo bigenga, bagarukira mu turere tumwe na tumwe. Igihe yashingwa yasimbuye Onatracom, yari indi sosiyete rusange. [[Dosiye:Traffic jum.jpg|thumb|imihanda]] ==== Kugereranya ==== Kuva muri 2018, tagisi zasaranganya ziracyari uburyo nyamukuru bwo gutwara abantu mu turere twa kure, mugihe bisi za Express zikoreshwa aho zihari. Ibi biterwa ni giciro kingana kandi cyongerewe ihumure n'umuvuduko wa bisi ya Express. === Umujyi === [[Dosiye:Tap_&_Go_Machine.jpg|thumb|300x300px| Tap&Go sisitemu ikoreshwa kuri bisi <ref>"Tap&Go and the myth that surrounds it", ''The New Times'', July 04, 2019 </ref> .]] Ubwikorezi rusange muri Kigali bufata uburyo bwo guhagarika tagisi yi migabane yavuzwe haruguru, ariko ikora cyane kubera ibisabwa byinshi. Mugihe ubusanzwe ubwenegihugu butamenyekanye, amatagisi muri Kigali ifite umurongo w'umuhondo uzenguruka ikinyabiziga, kikaba cyanditseho aho itangirira n’iherezo ryayo. Serivisi nyinshi zitangira cyangwa zirangirira haba mu mujyi rwagati cyangwa kuri Nyabugogo, bisi nkuru yu mujyi. Ubushakashatsi buherutse gukorwa n’ishyirahamwe ry’amasosiyete atwara abantu i Kigali buduha imibare ikurikira : Hri amasosiyete 19 ya bisi akoresha bisi zigera ku 1633 zose zakozwe, moderi n'ubunini mu bice bitandukanye byu Rwanda. Mu mujyi wa Kigali hari bisi 622 zikora. Muri izi 622, 90,6% muri zo ni imodoka ntoya ya Toyota Hiace, ahanini irengeje imyaka 10, kandi myinshi ishaje cyane. Mu binyabiziga binini bitwara abagenzi bagera kuri 30 cyangwa se hari ibice 58 muri byo 34.4% n'imodoka nshya zifite kandi zikoreshwa na [https://web.archive.org/web/20210127010540/http://kigalibusservices.com/ Kigali Bus Services Ltd] == Ubwikorezi bwo mu kirere == [[Dosiye:KigaliAirport.jpg|alt=|thumb|300x300px| Ikibuga cy'indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali]] Ihuriro rikuru ry’indege muri iki gihugu ni ikibuga cy’indege mpuzamahanga cya Kigali, giherereye i Kanombe, mu nkengero zigera kuri kilometero 10, kuva mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]]. Ikibuga cy’indege gifite ingendo mpuzamahanga zerekeza i : Lagos, Brazzaville, Dubai, [[Nairobi]], Entebbe, [[Addis Ababa]], [[Bujumbura]], Johannesburg, Amsterdam, Bruxelles na [[Doha]] kandi ni ikibuga kinini cy’indege zitwara igihugu [[RwandAir]] . == Gutwara amazi == === Ikiyaga cya Kivu === [[Dosiye:Une_barque_traditionnelle_de_pêcheurs_sur_le_lac_Kivu._(16722804553).jpg|thumb| Ubwato gakondo bwo kuroba mu kiyaga cya Kivu.]] == Gariyamoshi == Muri iki gihe nta gari ya moshi ihari mu Rwanda. == Reba kandi == * [[Rwanda]] * Igishushanyo mbonera cya Gari ya moshi yo muri Afurika y'Iburasirazuba == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ingendo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] aqbpxma6nzluidhk6xdf2r6fi514ym6 0 16849 140553 123849 2026-09-30T09:30:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140553 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:RwandaVolcanoAndLake_cropped.jpg|thumb|300x300px| [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Parike y’ibirunga]] (inyuma) ikubiyemo igice cyumunyururu w’ibirunga, ubuturo bwa nyuma bw’ingagi [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|zo mu misozi]] .]] [[Dosiye:Map number 3717 r11.1, September 2018.png|thumb|285x285px|Ikarita igaragaza aho pariki ziherereye]] '''Parike nkuru z'u Rwanda''' zirinzwe nurusobe rw'ibinyabuzima ndetse n'ibinyabuzima byo mu gasozi biherereye ku mbibi z'u [[Rwanda]] mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika yo hagati. Mu mwaka wa 2020, uturere dusanzwe turinzwe harimo [[Pariki y’Igihugu y’Ibirunga|Pariki y’ibirunga]], [[Pariki y'Akagera|Parike y’igihugu ya Akagera]] n’ishyamba [[Pariki ya Nyungwe|rya Nyungwe]] . Kubungabunga gahunda ya parike y’igihugu, ni kimwe mu bikorwa remezo by’ubukerarugendo no guteza imbere parike, bicungwa n’ikigo [[Ikigo gishinzwe iterambere mu Rwanda|gishinzwe iterambere ry’u Rwanda]] (RDB) babifashijwemo na minisiteri za leta. Buri parike irinda urusobe rw'ibinyabuzima bitandukanye n'ubwoko butandukanye. Guhana imbibi na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]], aho [[Imisozi ya Virunga|urunigi rw’ibirunga rwa Virungas]] rugera, Parike y’ibirunga ni parike irinzwe cyane ku isi kandi ni yo ya kera muri Afurika. Hamwe na parike zegeranye mu bihugu duturanye, ikora nk'isi yonyine ituwe [[Ingagi zo mu birunga|n'ingagi zo mu misozi]], umubare wazo ukaba wariyongereye mu myaka icumi ishize. Umubare wabasura ingagi ni ntarengwa kandi pasiporo igomba kugurwa, akenshi hakiri kare, muri RDB. Inkende za zahabu nazo zituye mu gice cyihariye cya parike. Mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba hakikije umupaka w’[[Uburundi]], Parike ya Nyungwe yakira chimpanzees nandi moko atandukanye y’ibinyabuzima mu mashyamba y’imisozi miremire. [[Dosiye:Mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) female 2.jpg|thumb|Gorilla]] Umupaka w’iburasirazuba w’u [[Rwanda]], ukikije ikiyaga cya Victoria na [[Tanzaniya]], niho hari pariki y’igihugu ya Akagera kandi ikingira [[inyamaswa]] zitandukanye zo muri Afurika muri urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima bya savannah, harimo za giraffi, [[inzovu]], inyamanswa, impinja, ingagi na zebra . <ref name="Akagera">{{Cite web |last=Rwanda Development Board |date=2011 |title=About the Park |url=http://99.198.127.194/~rwanda/cms2/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=87&Itemid=77 |access-date=May 23, 2012 |publisher=Rwanda Development Board}}{{dead link|date=February 2018|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> [[Intare]] nazo zatuye muri parike, ariko zatsembwe n'uburozi mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] na nyuma yayo. Icyakora, mu mwaka wa 2015, [[intare]] zirindwi zongeye gusubizwa mu Akagera, kandi kuva icyo gihe zariyongereye zigera kuri 40. === indanganturo === 1.[https://umuryango.rw/amakuru/mu-rwanda/ubuzima/article/ni-uwuhe-mwihariko-wa-parike-ya-nyungwe-watumye-ishyirwa-mu-murage-w-isi Ni uwuhe mwihariko wa Parike ya Nyungwe watumye ishyirwa mu murage (...) - Umuryango.rw] 2.[https://www.umuringanews.rw/amakuru-kuri-parike-yibirunga-uko-yabayeho-ninyamaswa-zibonekamo/ Amakuru kuri Parike y'Ibirunga, uko yabayeho n'inyamaswa zibonekamo - umuringanews] 3.[https://inyarwanda.com/rw/amakuru/pariki-ya-nyungwe-yashyizwe-mu-murage-wisi-134578 Pariki ya Nyungwe yashyizwe mu murage w'Isi | InyaRwanda.com] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Pariki z'u Rwanda]] 2p2tz3ljbvirbb1kujdbdmf75bwxx0z 0 16866 140554 130790 2026-09-30T09:30:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140554 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Epiphanie Mukashyaka''' (wavutse muri 1959-1960) ni [[Ubucuruzi Mpuzamahanga bw’Ibinyabuzima Bwenda Gucika|umucuruzi]] wo mu Rwanda. Niwe washinze Buf coffee nku mugore wa mbere, ukora [[ikawa]] idasanzwe mu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=About |url=http://www.bufcoffee.com/ |access-date=2021-12-09 |publisher=BufCoffee |language=en |archive-date=2021-12-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209195115/http://www.bufcoffee.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Mukashyaka yavutse 1959 cyangwa 1960 mu Rwanda. Yize imyaka 6 arongorwa afite imyaka 17. Ari afite abana 8. <ref name="Annabelle2016">{{Cite web |last=Barbara Achermann |date=4 June 2016 |title=Das Frauenwunderland |url=https://www.annabelle.ch/leben/frauenwunderland-42248/ |publisher=Annabelle}}</ref> Muri icyo gihe mu Rwanda mbere ya jenoside, abagore ntibari bemerewe kuragwa ubutaka, kandi wasangaga bidashoboka gukora ubucuruzi. Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda rirangiye, abaturage bagera kuri 70% bari abagore naho abagabo bagera kuri 30%. <ref name="NPR">{{Cite web |last=Gregory Warner |date=29 July 2016 |title=It's The No. 1 Country For Women In Politics — But Not In Daily Life |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/07/29/487360094/invisibilia-no-one-thought-this-all-womans-debate-team-could-crush-it |publisher=[[National Public Radio]]}}</ref> <ref name="Annabelle2016"/> == Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda no gushiraho Bufcoffee == Muri 1994, ubwo [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda]] ryabaye, bituma hapfa abantu ibihumbi magana, barimo benshi mu bagize umuryango wa Mukashyaka, nk'umugabo we ndetse n'umwe mu bana be. Ibi byatumye Mukashyaka adafite akazi kandi nta nkunga y'amafaranga. Yabanje kutabasha kuzungura isambu y'umugabo we ariko bidatinze arayigarurira. <ref name="Annabelle2016"/> Yabonye kandi inkunga y'abapfakazi bagenzi be bo m'ubaturage, barimo Ngara Nyarusiza, waje kuba umufatanyabikorwa mu bucuruzi bwa Bufcoffee. Nyuma ya jenoside, Mukashyaka yafashe inguzanyo ya miliyoni 54 [[Amafaranga y'u Rwanda|z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda]] maze y'ubaka ikigo cyo koza ikawa i Gikongoro cyitwa Nyarusiza, <ref name="PactCoffee2016" /> icya mbere cyari gifitwe umugore mu [[Rwanda]], : 79  aho yakoresheje abahinzi guhinga ibishyimbo. <ref name="DFick2007" /> Mu gihe cyo kongera kubaka ikawa ye, yahawe ubufasha na USAID na [[Partnership for Enhancing Agriculture in Rwanda through Linkages|PEARL]] . <ref name="PactCoffee2016" /> Muri 2004 ikawa ye yaciwe neza na Kenneth Davids. maze muri 2007, afungura ikigo cya kabiri cyo koza ikawa cyitwa Remera. , Muri uwo mwaka yatsindiye igihembo cya Kawa y’igikombe cy’u Rwanda muri 2007, n’igihembo cy’igikombe cy’indashyikirwa cy’ikawa muri 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013, na 2014. <ref name="PactCoffee2016">{{Cite web |last=Pact Coffee |date=5 April 2016 |title=Epiphanie Mukashyaka and Bufcoffee |url=https://www.pactcoffee.com/blog/epiphanie-mukashyaka |publisher=Pact Coffee |access-date=9 June 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609124245/https://www.pactcoffee.com/blog/epiphanie-mukashyaka |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2016, isosiyete yari ifite abanyamigabane barenga ibihumbi 4000, kandi ikawa yoherezwa muri Amerika. <ref name="Annabelle2016"/> Muri 2019, Mukashyaka yatorewe kuba rwiyemezamirimo w’umugore w’u Rwanda, yatsindiye miliyoni 2 z’amafaranga yu Rwanda. Yabonye kandi ubufatanye muri Trademark Afurika y'Uburasirazuba. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Daniel Sabiiti |date=1 February 2020 |title=Rwandan Companies Dominate 2019 Business Excellence Awards |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/02/rwandan-companies-dominate-2019-business-excellence-awards/ |publisher=[[KT Press]]}}</ref> === Icyorezo cya Covid-19 === Igihe kimwe hagati yo muri 2016 na 2020 isosiyete yari ifite ibikoresho bine byo gukaraba. Igihe [[icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu Rwanda]] cyibasiye, ubucuruzi bwaragabanutseho cyane. Muri 2020, isosiyete yari ifite abakozi bagera ku bihumbi 12.000, igabanuka kuva mu mwaka ushize. Bamwe bagombaga kureka gukora nk'abahinzi ba kawa kubera icyorezo, bigatuma umusaruro muke, nubwo ubucuruzi bwari bugifite umutekano muke. Uburyo bwo kwishyura bwagombaga guhindurwa kumurongo kubera amategeko yimibereho. <ref name="PactCoffee2020">{{Cite web |last=Lydia Watson |date=6 August 2020 |title=Meet Sam, Managing Director of Bufcoffee |url=https://www.pactcoffee.com/blog/bufcoffee-sam |publisher=Pact Coffee |access-date=9 June 2023 |archive-date=9 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230609124245/https://www.pactcoffee.com/blog/bufcoffee-sam |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Ubuzima bwite == Abana ba Mukashyaka bakorera ikigo. Umwe ni umuyobozi ucunga Bufcoffee. <ref name="PactCoffee2020"/>Mukashyaka yubatse ubusitani bw'umuganda iruhande rw'ishuri ry'incuke ry' umumvumu kugira ngo akomeze kwihaza mu biribwa mu gihe cy'icyorezo. <ref>{{Cite web |last=CounterCultureCoffee |date=2020 |title=2020 Coffee Culture Transparency Report |url=https://counterculturecoffee.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/CCC_TR_2020_final.pdf |page=12}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Umugore]] 52i6y5190fshfqo1kad630pzkhp0ms5 0 16873 140555 120343 2026-09-30T09:30:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140555 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Josephine Uwineza''' uzwi nka '''Fina,''' ni rwiyemezamirimo wumunyaRwandakazi, kandi uharanira imibereho myiza. Muri 2018, yateganyaga gufungura uruganda rwa mbere rwenga inzoga mu Rwanda, ruzagaragaramo abakozi benshi bagizwe n’abagore. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Josephine yavutse muri 1964 mu muryango ufite abandi bavandimwe batanu. Muri 1974, ise yiciwe mu gihe [[Revolusiyo ya kabiri ya 1973|cyo guhirika ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda mu 1973]] bituma nyina wa Fina yirukanwa n Rwanda hamwe n’abana be bose. <ref name="sheinspiresher.com1">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2017 |title=Josephine Uwineza: Rwanda's Unexpected Brewer - She Inspires Her |url=http://sheinspiresher.com/josephine-uwineza-rwandas-unexpected-brewer/ |access-date=21 March 2018 |publisher= |archive-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024214704/http://sheinspiresher.com/josephine-uwineza-rwandas-unexpected-brewer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuryango wa Uwineza wagiye mu bihugu bituranye n’aho abandi bagize umuryango we bari mu buhungiro babayo ariko amaherezo bikagera muri [[Kanada]]. Nyuma Josephine yasubiye mu Rwanda muri 1998 kugira ngo atange inkunga mu gihugu nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] yatumye umubare munini w'abaturage bapfa ndetse n'igihugu cyarangiritse. <ref name="sheinspiresher.com1" /> == Umwuga == Amaze gusubira mu Rwanda ari kumwe n'umugabo we n'u mwana, Josephine yayoboye resitora y'Abashinwa, Flamingo, mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]]. Yayiyoboye iyo resitora imyaka imyaka 13 mbere yo gufata icyemezo cyo kuyifunga muri 2015 nyuma yo gufata umwanzuro ko atanyuzwe n'ubucuruzi kandi kuko yashakaga kumarana umwanya n'umuryango we. <ref name="sheinspiresher.com">{{Cite web |date=20 March 2017 |title=Josephine Uwineza: Rwanda's Unexpected Brewer - She Inspires Her |url=http://sheinspiresher.com/josephine-uwineza-rwandas-unexpected-brewer/ |access-date=19 March 2018 |publisher= |archive-date=24 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024214704/http://sheinspiresher.com/josephine-uwineza-rwandas-unexpected-brewer/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nyuma yo gufunga Flamingo, Josephine yabaye umunyamuryango wa gahunda y’amahoro binyuze mu bucuruzi yakozwe n’ikigo gishinzwe guteza imbere ubukungu bw’umugore cyibasira abagore bo mu bihugu by’u Rwanda na [[Afuganisitani]] batangiye ubucuruzi bwabo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=the Institute for Economic Empowerment of Women – PEACE THROUGH BUSINESS® |url=https://ieew.org/peace-through-business |access-date=19 March 2018 |website=ieew.org |archive-date=19 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214641/https://ieew.org/peace-through-business |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="sheinspiresher.com" /> Binyuze muri gahunda y’amahoro binyuze no mu bucuruzi, Josephine yahuye na Nancy Coldham, umujyanama ufasha mu bijyanye n’imari y’a bagore mu bihugu bikennye. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2 November 2016 |title=Rwandan Female Entrepreneur Set To Open The Country's First Craft Beer Brewery - GirlTalkHQ |url=http://girltalkhq.com/rwandan-female-entrepreneur-set-open-countrys-first-craft-beer-brewery/ |access-date=19 March 2018 |publisher= |archive-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180320043637/http://girltalkhq.com/rwandan-female-entrepreneur-set-open-countrys-first-craft-beer-brewery/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Josephine yagize intangiriro yigitekerezo cyo gufungura ubucuruzi bushya muri Kigali Coldham yashishikarijwe ndetse anafashwa kubitera, anafasha Josephine kubona isoko yo gufasha muri uku gutangiza. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Crafted in Kigali |url=http://draftmag.com/crafted-in-kigali/ |access-date=19 March 2018 |website=DRAFT Magazine |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022232953/http://draftmag.com/crafted-in-kigali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Coldham yabonye ubufasha m'uburyo bwa Beau's All Natural Brewing Company, uruganda rukora inzoga muri Ontario, mugihugu cya Kanada. <ref name="draftmag.com">{{Cite web |title=Crafted in Kigali |url=http://draftmag.com/crafted-in-kigali/ |access-date=21 March 2018 |website=DRAFT Magazine |archive-date=22 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022232953/http://draftmag.com/crafted-in-kigali/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="sheinspiresher.com"/> Beau yari ashishikajwe no gutanga ibikoresho n'amahugurwa kumuntu ushaka gutangiza inzoga zabo bwite, Josephine yashoboye kubyungukiramo. Itsinda ry’abayobozi ba Beau basuye u Rwanda muri 2016 kugira ngo basuzume uko ibintu bimeze, amaherezo bituma bemera gufasha Josephine mu gutangira kwe. <ref name="draftmag.com" /> <ref name="sheinspiresher.com" /> Nyuma y’uruzinduko rwa Beau, Josephine n'inshuti ze nshya muri Beau batangije gahunda ya Kickstarter yo gukusanya inkunga yo kunywa inzoga, bavuga akamaro k’inzoga ziri muri Rwanda ndetse na gahunda y’ubucuruzi y’u ruganda rukora kandi rukaba rufite abagore bose. <ref name="kickstarter.com">{{Cite web |title=The Rwanda Craft Brewery Project |url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/beaus/the-rwanda-craft-brewery-project |access-date=19 March 2018 |website=Kickstarter}}</ref> <ref name="sheinspiresher.com" /> Iyamamaza rya Kickstarter ryakusanyije miliyoni 95,000 z'amadolari ya kanada hamwe nabaterankunga barenga 1.000. <ref name="kickstarter.com" /> == Uruganda rwenga inzoga == Uruganda rwa Josephine, rwari ruteganijwe gufungura muri 2018, rugaragaramo abakozi bagizwe n’abagore bose baturutse mu turere dukikije Kigali. <ref>{{Cite web |title=HerStory: Craft Beer Opens the Door to Female Empowerment in Rwanda |url=http://www.greenwoodbrews.com/herstory-craft-beer-opens-the-door-to-female-empowerment-in-rwanda/ |access-date=21 March 2018 |website=www.greenwoodbrews.com |archive-date=19 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180319214241/http://www.greenwoodbrews.com/herstory-craft-beer-opens-the-door-to-female-empowerment-in-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> <ref name="draftmag.com"/> Uru ruganda rwenga inzoga rwari kuzakoresha ibikoresho biva mu Rwanda. <ref name="draftmag.com" /> Ibyingenzi binzoga nyinshi zakorwa harimo izi bitoki n'amasaka, aribintu bizwi cyane byo gukoresha mu nzoga ny'afurika. <ref name="draftmag.com" /> Josephine yizera ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imiti iciriritse y’u Rwanda rizaba intambwe nziza ku gihugu muri rusange kuva u Rwanda rwishimira kunywa byeri kandi kuba rushobora kugira iyo mikorore ikorerwa mu karere bizaba isoko y’ingufu zihuza ibihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rwanda Craft Brewery Project |url=https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/beaus/the-rwanda-craft-brewery-project |access-date=21 March 2018 |website=Kickstarter}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] 5pzcv7mqse4bjjyyex8qso7c8uls989 0 16875 140556 139506 2026-09-30T09:30:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140556 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ashish J. Thakkar''' ni rwiyemezamirimo ukomoka mu [[Rwanda]]. Niwe washinze Mara Group na Mara Foundation, akaba ari nawe washinze Atlas Mara Limited. Thakkar akaba yavukiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], ariko yimukira muri [[Afurika]] y'Iburasirazuba akiri ingimbi mbere yo gushinga Mara Group, ihuriro ry’Abanyafurika, afite imyaka 15. <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2013 |title=Ashish J. Thakkar: Shaking Africa's business universe |url=http://africanbusinessmagazine.com/features/profile/ashish-j-thakkar-shaking-africas-business-universe |access-date=10 February 2014 |publisher=African Business Magazine}}</ref> Ibikorwa bya Mara Group nishoramari bikorera m'ubihugu bigera 22 by'Afurika. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Maritz |first=Jaco |date=5 October 2014 |title=Why Ashish Thakkar's Mara Group has its head office in Dubai |url=http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/why-ashish-thakkars-mara-group-has-its-head-office-in-dubai/43875/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=How We Made It in Africa |archive-date=21 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141021171209/http://www.howwemadeitinafrica.com/why-ashish-thakkars-mara-group-has-its-head-office-in-dubai/43875/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Ni umwanditsi w'Intare Ikanguka, Ibyabaye mu gitangaza cyu bukungu bwa Afurika. Thakkar ni umwe mu bagize ihuriro ry’ubukungu bw’isi ku bayobozi bato ku isi, <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ashish Thakkar |url=http://www.weforum.org/young-global-leaders/ashish-j-thakkar |access-date=24 April 2013 |publisher=World Economic Forum}}</ref> kandi yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ikinyamakuru Fortune ku rutonde rwa mbere imunsi 40 y’imyaka 40 muri 2013. Yahawe igihembo cya Base Leadership Award mu birori bya MTV Africa Music Awards 2014 . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 June 2014 |title=2014 MTV Africa Music Awards winners |url=http://www.bizcommunity.com/Article/196/480/114499.html |access-date=11 June 2014 |publisher=Bizcommunity.com}}</ref> ikinyamakuru Esquire y'amwise umuntu w’umwaka wo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati muri 2016. <ref>http://www.esquireme.com/content/19132-lessons-from-an-entrepreneur-ashish-j-thakkar</ref> Muri 2015, Thakkar yagizwe Umuyobozi w’Inama y’umuryango w’abibumbye ishinzwe kwihangira imirimo ku isi naho muri 2017, agirwa umuyobozi w’itsinda ngishwanama ry’urubyiruko rwa Perezida muri Banki nyafurika ishinzwe iterambere; == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Umuryango wa Thakkar wimukiye muri leta ya Gujarat yo mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]] muri Afurika mu 1890. <ref>{{Cite web |last=G Seetharaman |title=Mara group's Ashish Thakkar: How he established a multi-million dollar, pan-African group |url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-26/news/46601958_1_uganda-africa-rwanda |access-date=24 October 2015 |website=The economic times |quote=Thakkar's paternal great grandfather moved from Gujarat to Uganda in 1890 to trade in maize, cotton and other commodities. But his family had to leave Uganda in 1972 when the country's dictatorial leader Idi Amin ordered the expulsion of Asians. His parents moved to the UK, where they set up a business trading women's fashion goods and where Thakkar was born. |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305055534/http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2014-01-26/news/46601958_1_uganda-africa-rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thakkar yavukiye i Leicester muri 1981. Yabayeho mu bwana bwe mu ishuri rya Rushey Mead mu itsinda rya Belvoir S. Ababyeyi be bari barimukiye mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] mu 1972 igihe [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] yashyiraga mu bikorwa kwirukana Abanyaziya muri Uganda. Thakkar n'umuryango we basubiye muri Afurika gutura mu [[Rwanda]] mbere yuko bongera guhatirwa kugenda kubera [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. Umuryango wa Thakkar wahungiye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] mbere yo gutura muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] nk'impunzi. <ref name="bbcnews" /> Ku myaka 15, Thakkar yaretse ishuri kugira ngo atangire ubucuruzi bwe ku nguzanyo y'amadorari 5,000. <ref name="fortune40" /> == Umwuga == Thakkar yashinze isosiyete ye bwite, yitwa Mara Group, muri 1996 afite imyaka 15. Yatangiye atumiza ibice bya mudasobwa birimo ahanini claviers, mouses, na desktops kuva m'urugendo rwa buri cyumweru i Dubai. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Christina Farr |date=7 August 2012 |title=Genocide refugee, CEO, and astronaut-to-be gives back to Africa with accelerator |url=https://venturebeat.com/2012/08/07/ugandan-accelerator-mara-startups/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[Venture Beat]] |archive-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205035423/http://venturebeat.com/2012/08/07/ugandan-accelerator-mara-startups/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Thakkar amaze kubona inguzanyo y'amadorari 5,000 yo gutangiza isosiyete ye, yafunguye ubucuruzi buciriritse bwa IT m'isoko ry’ubucuruzi hakurya y'umuhanda uva mu iduka rya se i Kampala. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ayesha Durgahee |last2=Jessica Ellis |date=24 April 2013 |title=Tycoon to fly African flags in space |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/04/24/business/ashish-thakkar-mara-africa/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[CNN]]}}</ref> Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, Thakkar yaguye Mara Group mu inganda, imitungo itimukanwa, ubuhinzi na serivisi za IT. Nyuma Thakkar yimuye icyicaro gikuru i Dubai, ariko akomereza ubucuruzi muri Afurika. Muri 2013, Thakkar yatangaje kubufatanye na Bob Diamond gutangiza Atlas Mara, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Chad Bray |date=9 December 2013 |title=Robert Diamond Aims to Make Banking Comeback – in Africa |url=https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/12/09/robert-diamond-to-make-banking-comeback-in-africa/?_r=0 |access-date=27 November 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]] Dealbook}}</ref> isosiyete ishora imari mu bigo by’a mabanki y’ubucuruzi mur'afurika. Diamond wahoze ari umuyobozi mukuru wa Barclays, na Thakkar bahuriye mu nama babinyujije ku ruhande rwabo, hari Mara Foundation na Fondasiyo ya Diamond. Thakkar na Diamond bakusanyije inkunga ingana na miliyoni 325 z'amadolari y'amerika mu Kuboza 2013, mbere yo gushyira ku rutonde iyi sosiyete ku isoko ry'imigabane rya London. Igiciro cy'imigabane cyakomeje kugabanuka gahoro gahoro kandi kigera cyatakaje 95% byigiciro cya IPO. <ref>{{Cite web |title=ATMA.LN - Atlas Mara Limited Stock Technical Chart |url=https://www.barchart.com/stocks/quotes/ATMA.LN/technical-chart?plot=BAR&volume=0&data=MO&density=X&pricesOn=1&asPctChange=0&logscale=0&sym=ATMA.LN&grid=1&height=500&studyheight=100}}</ref> Ikimenyetso cya ticker i Londres ni ATMA. LN, m'ugihe muri Amerika, amatike yari AAMAF. == Ibindi bikorwa == Thakkar yashinze ikigo Mara Foundation, isosiyete idaharanira inyungu itanga inama kandi igatera inkunga ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato bo mu Afurika, <ref>{{Cite web |last=Mike Cassidy |date=16 May 2013 |title=Ashish Thakkar and the Mara Group Take A Flying Leap at Becoming The Skype Facebook, Google Talk of Africa |url=http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/05/16/ashish-thakkar-and-the-mara-group-take-a-flying-leap-at-becoming-the-skype-facebook-google-talk-of-africa/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[Silicon Beat]] |archive-date=5 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141205071318/http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/05/16/ashish-thakkar-and-the-mara-group-take-a-flying-leap-at-becoming-the-skype-facebook-google-talk-of-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> muri 2009. Mara Mentor, yari porogaramu igendanwa ihuza ba rwiyemezamirimo bakiri bato n’inzobere mu bucuruzi, yatangijwe binyuze muri Mara Foundations. Muri Kamena 2014, Thakkar yitabiriye ibirori bya Global Accelerator yakiriwe na Fondasiyo y’umuryango w’a bibumbye hamwe ibiro by’umuryango w’abibumbye bishinzwe ubufatanye kugira ngo baganire ku kwihangira imirimo mu ntego za Loni. Thakkar yerekanye kandi akora mu birori bya ba rwiyemezamirimo barenga 100 n'abayobozi ba Loni barimo Michael Dell, Barbara Bush na Arianna Huffington. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Welcome to the United Nations Office for Partnerships |url=https://www.un.org/partnerships/ |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=United Nations Office of Partnerships}}</ref> Muri Kanama 2014, Thakkar yitabiriye inama y’Amerika n'afurika, yakiriwe ndetse na White House, ari kumwe na [[Bill Clinton]] wahoze ari Perezida w'amerika. <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 August 2014 |title=Ashish J. Thakkar, US-Africa Leader's Summit |url=http://www.c-span.org/video/?c4506084/ashish-j-thakkar-us-africa-leaders-summit |access-date=27 November 2014 |publisher=[[C-SPAN]]}}</ref> Yagiye kandi mu ishyirahamwe ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bagore, kandi yari umushyitsi mukuru mu nama y’urubyiruko y’a bagiraneza ya Emirates Foundation muri Gushyingo 2014. == Reba kandi == * Atlas Mara Co-Nvest Limited == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Official website * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606035613/https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=46292 Harvard Business School Mara Group Case Study] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemeza mirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] t8nf68nn13u0fawvfak80ka9ckz14iq 0 16939 140557 100682 2026-09-30T09:30:08Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140557 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Gilbert Rwabigwi''' nu umunyarwanda akaba na rwiyemezamirimo uhanga udushya akaba n'umwanditsi w'inzobere mu gusoma no kwandika, ingamba, kwandika no gutera imbere . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwabigwi (@Rwabigwi) {{!}} Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/rwabigwi |access-date=2016-04-16 |website=www.twitter.com}}</ref> Niwe washinze umuryango <ref>{{Cite web |title=F.A.Q. |url=http://www.youli.org.rw/faq |access-date=2016-04-16 |website=YouLI |language=en-GB |archive-date=2016-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160509183042/http://www.youli.org.rw/faq/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> w’u muryango wita ku gusoma no kwandika (YouLI), umuryango utegamiye kuri Leta udaharanira inyungu ufite intego yo guteza imbere gusoma no kwandika no kwiga ubuzima bwabo bwose. Rwabigwi ni mwanditsi washinze ikinyamakuru The Kigalian, ikinyamakuru cyo kumurongo kubanditsi batekereza ibitekerezo byigenga n'abanditsi b'inkuru. Ari muri Ejo Group, ikigo cy'imibereho kabuhariwe mu bitangazamakuru no kwamamaza ibicuruzwa . == Kwandika no kugira uruhare == Rwabigwi asohora inyandiko buri gihe kuri The Kigalian, isoko yigenga yibitekerezo, inkuru, hamwe nu mwirondoro by abanditsi bareba ejo hazaza mu [[Rwanda]] . Ari mu bantu bakomeye bo mu Rwanda bakomeye kuri Twitter kandi avuga mu birori byinshi ku bibazo bijyanye n'uburezi, gusoma, kwandika, imbuga nkoranyambaga n'umuco. Mu mwaka wo muri 2016, Rwabigwi yinjiye mu nteko y'abacamanza muri [[Nyampinga w'u Rwanda|Miss Rwanda]] nk'umucamanza mu gusoza ikomeye. Yatangaje ko azagenda hasigaye iminsi mike ngo ibizamini bya mbere bya Miss Rwanda 2019 . == Amavuko n'ababyeyi == Gilbert yavukiye i [[Kigali]] . Se, Fulgence Bukaka, na nyina, Alphonsine Mukahigiro, bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. == Uburezi n'ibikorwa == Rwabigwi yakuriye i Kigali, hamwe na barumuna be na bashiki be; yagiye mu ishuri ribanza rya Camp Kigali na Ecole Primaire l'Horizon amashuri abanza. Yagiye muri [[Indatwa n'inkesha school|Groupe Scolaire Officiel de Butare]] (GSOB), hanyuma Groupe Scolaire Kigombe (GSK) amashuri yisumbuye. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Iribagiza |first=Gloria A. |title=Interview: David Gilbert Rwabigwi and why he is one of Rwanda's promising authors |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2011-10-21/98651/ |access-date=2016-04-16 |website=The New Times Rwanda}}</ref> Gilbert yize mu ishuri ry’itangazamakuru n’itumanaho, [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] (NUR). Rwabigwi ni umuvugizi wubahwa mu kwandika no gutangaza mu Rwanda. Ni umwanditsi wa "Ejo, Uyu munsi n'ejo: Icyegeranyo cy'imivugo kuri Jenoside <ref>{{Cite web |title=Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow by Gilbert Rwabigwi on iBooks |url=https://itunes.apple.com/us/book/yesterday-today-and-tomorrow/id845255595 |access-date=2016-04-16 |website=iBooks}}</ref> ", cyasohotse bwa mbere mu 2008. Muri 2011, yagaragaye hejuru yurutonde rwabahanzi 10 ba mbere bakomeye bo mu Rwanda kumenya. <ref>{{Cite web |title=10 Rwandan Artists You Should Know - Music - This Is Africa |url=http://archived.thisisafrica.me/music/detail/2023/10-rwandan-artists-you-should-know |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504214520/http://archived.thisisafrica.me/music/detail/2023/10-rwandan-artists-you-should-know |archive-date=2016-05-04 |access-date=2016-04-16 |website=archived.thisisafrica.me}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] qq36dp7h2z68iiif47t0k1awxzsznxi 0 16972 140558 139490 2026-09-30T09:30:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140558 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Vine monument.jpg|thumb|vine monument]] Ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu [[Rwanda]] ririmo guhinduka vuba mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cyo muri 21. [[Dosiye:Rwanda_electricity_production.svg|thumb|400x400px| Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda]] == Amashanyarazi == === Umuyoboro === Ingano y'amashanyarazi ni nke cyane kandi yibanze cyane hafi ya Kigali. Benshi mu gihugu bakoresha inkwi nk’isoko nya mukuru y’ingufu. U Rwanda ruteganya kwaguka kuva kuri MW 276 z'amashanyarazi muri 2022 rukagera kuri MW 556 muri 2024 kandi rushobora gutumiza amashanyarazi y’inyongera mu bihugu duturanye. Byongeye kandi, irimo gushyiraho imirasire y'izuba ntoya mu gihugu hose kugira ngo ingo ziherereye mu turere twa gride zitabona amashanyarazi, cyangwa zifashe guhangana n’umuriro w'amashanyarazi. Kugeza ubu, guverinoma irateganya kugeza amashanyarazi ku baturage 100% mu 2024, bitandukanye na 74.5% muri 2022. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Feng |first=Jun |title=Electricity Access |url=https://www.reg.rw/what-we-do/access |access-date=9 November 2022 |publisher=}}</ref> === Igisekuru === Hamwe n’ibikorwa remezo by’amashanyarazi bigarukira, u Rwanda rufite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gukoresha ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu. Amashanyarazi menshi mu gihugu aturuka ku mashanyarazi. <ref>[http://www.panapress.com/Solar-power-stations-to-supply-Rwandan-schools-with-electricity--13-798739-17-lang2-index.html Solar power stations to supply Rwandan schools with electricity], PANA, 6 October 2011</ref> Umusaruro w'amashanyarazi wagize 4% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihugu muri 2014, ==== Amashanyarazi ==== 53% by'amashanyarazi bitangwa niganda nto z'amashanyarazi. Mu mpera za 2018, uruganda rw’amashanyarazi ruhuza u Rwanda rwatanze nka 221.1 MW. ==== Umwuka wa gaze ==== Umushinga wa [[KivuWatt Power Station|KivuWatt]] ni umushinga w'ingufu zo gukuramo gaze karemano yashonze mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|kiyaga cya Kivu]] no gukoresha gaze yakuwe mu kubyara amashanyarazi. <ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last= |first= |date= |title=Killer lake's renewable potential |url=http://www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7/gas/killer-lake-renewable-potential |access-date=2016-11-16 |website=www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7 |publisher=Twentyfour7 |archive-date=2016-11-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161117063136/http://www.wartsila.com/twentyfour7/gas/killer-lake-renewable-potential |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2016, urugomero rw'amashanyarazi rwa MW 25 rushobora gutanga ingufu zihagije ku bantu 45.000 mu Rwanda. Biteganijwe ko umushinga wo kwagura ibikorwa uzongerwaho MW 26 z'a mashanyarazi mu cyiciro cyayo cya mbere, kandi amaherezo uzagera kuri MW 100 mu myaka iri imbere. <ref name="auto" /> ==== Ikigereranyo cyizuba ==== Umurima wa mbere ufite ingufu zikomoka ku mirasire y'izuba muri Afurika yo munsi y'Ubutayu bwa Sahara hanze y'afurika y'Epfo ni uruganda rwa MW 8.5 ku Mudugudu w'Urubyiruko rwa Agahozo Shalom, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Karere ka Rwamagana]], Intara y'Iburasirazuba bw'u [[Rwanda]]. Yakodesheje hectare zigera 20 z'ubutaka mu mudugudu akaba ari umugiraneza wo kubakira no kwigisha abahohotewe [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|na jenoside mu Rwanda]]. Uruganda rukoresha amashanyarazi 28,360 kandi rutanga 6% yu muriro w'amashanyarazi mu gihugu. Uyu mushinga wubatswe n’abahanga muri [[Amerika]], [[Isirayeli|Isiraheli]], [[Ubuholandi]], [[Noruveje]], [[Finilande]] n’[[Ubwongereza]]. <ref>[http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/New-Tech/In-Rwanda-Israelis-and-Americans-launch-East-Africas-first-commercial-solar-field-390197 In Rwanda, Israelis and Americans launch East Africa’s first commercial solar field], ''Jeruslaem Post'', February 6, 2015</ref> ==== Micro izuba ==== Imikoreshereze y'amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yariyongereye kuko ibiciro by'izuba byagabanutse kandi uduce twinshi ntitwiteze guhuza imiyoboro ya vuba. Imirasire y'izuba itanga amashanyarazi arenga 2% mu gihugu. Igihugu kiri mu kwaguka byihuse umuyoboro w’amashanyarazi kandi hashyizweho ibihingwa byinshi bishya cyangwa byubakwa. ==== Biomass ==== Biomass ni isoko yingenzi y'ingufu zikoreshwa hifashishijwe inkwi n'imyanda yu buhinzi mu guteka. Muri 2014, ibyo byagaragaje 85% by'ingufu zikoreshwa mu Rwanda. <ref name="Peat">[http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/rwanda-prepares-to-switch-on-africas-first-peat-fired-power-plant-reports-kt-press-350348778.html Rwanda Prepares to Switch on Africa's First Peat Fired Power Plant, Reports KT Press], ''PRNewswire'', October 24, 2014</ref> Peat iva mu bishanga byo mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda bizatanga amashanyarazi abiri. Uruganda rwa MW 15 rwa mbere ruteganijwe kumurongo muri 2015 hamwe nuwa kabiri, uruganda rwa MW 80, ruteganijwe muri 2017. {| class="wikitable" |+<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 January 2022 |title=POWER AFRICA IN RWANDA &#124; Power Africa &#124; U.S. Agency for International Development |url=https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/rwanda |access-date=13 June 2023 |archive-date=5 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605155041/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/rwanda |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! Ubwoko bw'ibisekuru ! Ubushobozi bwashyizweho 2019 (MW) |- | Ubushyuhe | 103 |- | Amashanyarazi | 98 |- | Imirasire y'izuba | 12 |- | Igiteranyo | 213 |} == Andi masoko y'ingufu == Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, cyane mu bwikorezi, byagaragaje 11% by’ingufu z’u Rwanda muri 2014. N’ubwo bivugwa ko u Rwanda rufite peteroli na gaze gasanzwe hafi [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|y’ikiyaga cya Kivu]], guhera muri 2014, nta musaruro w’umutungo wabonetse kandi ibyifuzo byatumijwe mu mahanga. [[Kenya - Uganda - U Rwanda Ibikomoka kuri peteroli|Umuyoboro wa peteroli wa Kenya - Uganda - Rwanda]] watwara peteroli hagati yibi bihugu niyubakwa. == Reba kandi == * Urutonde rw'amashanyarazi mu Rwanda * EARP Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Umuriro]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] kpewbrrtw77j02pxy4nlsw843kdortd 0 16981 140559 140347 2026-09-30T09:30:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140559 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Amabati ya Karuruma''' ni uruganda rukora amabati mu murwa mukuru [[Rwanda|w’u Rwanda]], [[Kigali]], kuri ubu rukoreshwa na sosiyete ya '''LuNa Smelter Ltd.''' Uru ruganda rwakoranaga mbere na '''Phoenix Metal Ltd.''' Amabati ya Karuruma yubatswe mu ntangiriro zo muri 1980 kugira ngo atange amabati avuye muri concentéte yaturutse muri '''Société des Mines du Rwanda''' ( SOMIRWA ). SOMIRWA yayoboye urugamda kugeza muri 1985 igihe yahombye. Uruganda rwongeye gufungura mu mpera zo muri 1990 n’isosiyete yitwa '''''ALICOM''''' ariko yongera gufungwa muri Mata 1994 ubwo [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda]] ryatangiraga ryokwica abatutsi. Guverinoma y'u Rwanda yari ifite uruganda rukora ibicuruzwa, yarayigurishije muri gahunda yo kwegurira abikorera ku giti cyabo. Uruganda ruherereye hafi ya Kigali, [[umurwa]] mukuru wu Rwanda. == Amateka yisosiyete munsi ya NMC Metallurgie == Muri 2002 Tin Smelter yaguzwe na NMC Metallurgie. Kugeza mu mpera z'umwaka wo muri 2003 amatsinda ya tekiniki yakoraga ku ishoramari no kuyitaho mu rwego rwo gusana uruganda, gutumiza no gushyira imashini zabuze, gutangira ibikorwa byo gushonga hamwe no kunoza imikorere. Muri Kamena na Ukuboza 2003 ibizamini byakozwe neza kandi umusaruro w’inganda wari witeguye gutangira mu mpera za 2003. Muri 2005 isosiyete yafashe icyemezo cyo guhindura izina ryisosiyete ikitwa Phoenix Metal <ref>{{Cite web |title=Phoenix Metal SARL |url=https://panjiva.com/Phoenix-Metal-SARL/32367727 |publisher=PANJIVA |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019102932/https://panjiva.com/Phoenix-Metal-SARL/32367727 |url-status=dead }}</ref> no guhindura n’amasezerano y’ishyirahamwe. Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi, kugabanuka kwamashanyarazi nikibazo cyibintu byinshi by'umurongo byari byategetse guhagarika ibikorwa byo gushonga. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda reopens tin smelter |url=https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3420399/Rwanda-reopens-tin-smelter.html |publisher=metalbulletin |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2020-10-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201019102932/https://www.metalbulletin.com/Article/3420399/Rwanda-reopens-tin-smelter.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2006, isosiyete yagerageje inzira nshya ishingiye kubikorwa bidasanzwe. Ibyo bizamini byagenze neza mu buhanga ariko izamuka rya kabiri ry’igiciro cy’amashanyarazi mu Kuboza 2005 n’ikibazo gisigaye cy’ibikoresho fatizo nticyagaragajwe n’ibintu byiza byakozwe muri gahunda nshya. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-05-23 |title=rwanda-mining-Rwanda Mining Revenue to Decline on Lower Tantalum Export Prices |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-05-23/rwanda-mining-revenue-to-decline-on-lower-tantalum-export-prices |publisher=bloomberg}}</ref> Nyuma y'imyaka itanu abikorera ku giti cyabo, ubugenzuzi bwuzuye bwa tekiniki n’imari bwakozwe na Privateatisation kugira ngo harebwe niba amasezerano yubahirijwe n’impande zombi. Hafashwe umwanzuro hagati y’ababuranyi, ko Phoenix Metal itagifite inshingano. Phoenix Metal yasezeranije kuzirikana gushonga kandi izakora ibishoboka bidasanzwe kugirango utangire gushonga mumahirwe y'ambere. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-06-05 |title=Rwanda Future Mining Hub of East Africa |url=https://macigindaba.com/2014/06/05/rwanda-future-mining-hub-of-east-africa/ |publisher=GBR |access-date=2023-06-13 |archive-date=2017-10-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029174117/https://macigindaba.com/2014/06/05/rwanda-future-mining-hub-of-east-africa/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri 2017, isosiyete yinjiye mu kwakira abantu kandi yaguzwe na guverinoma y'u Rwanda kuri miliyari 1.2 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Govt Buys Phoenix-Metals for RWf1.2b |url=http://rwandatoday.africa/business/Govt-buys-Phoenix-Metals-for-Rwf1-2b/4383192-4619062-12sso1lz/index.html |publisher=Rwanda Today}}</ref> == Uruganda == Amabati yubatswe muri 1980 n’[[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]]. Intego yuyu mushinga kwari ugushonga cassiterite yose kuva kariya gace. Ubushobozi busanzwe bwa mabati bwari toni 10 za cassiterite ku munsi kandi bwiyongereye kugera kuri toni 15 ku munsi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-02-25 |title=Rwandan tin smelting firm certified as conflict free |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/business/rwandan-tin-smelting-firm-certified-conflict-free |publisher=The New Times}}</ref> Uruganda rufite ibyuma 2 by'amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bw'itanura buri hagati ya toni 10 na 15 zo kuvanga kumunsi. Amatanura atatu yo gutunganya ni ayo kugenzura umwanda. Amatanura abiri yo gutandukanya akoreshwa mugutunganya ibisigazwa. == Ore == === Umuti === Bamwe mu bakora ibicuruzwa byo mu Rwanda ntibafite ibikoresho cyangwa ubumenyi bwo gusukura amabuye y'agaciro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2016-06-18 |title=Rwanda to resume smelting minerals for export |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Rwanda-to-resume-smelting-minerals-for-export-/2560-3255628-aevpopz/index.html |publisher=The East African}}</ref> Phoenix Metal ibasaba koza no gutegura amabuye y'agaciro yoherezwa hanze harebwa ibisobanuro byamasezerano yohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Kubwibyo, Phoenix Metal ifite nka Crusher, Mills, Spirals, Shacking Table yumye kandi itose, Magnetique separation. === Gucuruza === Hamwe nibikorwa byo gushonga bidakora, Phoenix Metal yatangiye igikorwa cyubucuruzi. Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na Phoenix Metal ni: 1. Cassiterite 2. Wolfram 3. Tantalite 4. Beryl 5. Amabati Phoenix Metal yakoranye numukiriya umwe witwa Sideral Development. Sideral yabanje guterwa inkunga Phoenix Metal yo kugura amabuye y'agaciro. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2014-12-19 |title=Boost as Phoenix Metal resumes smelting tin |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/Rwanda/Business/Boost-as-Phoenix-Metal-resumes-smelting-tin/1433224-2563142-e0tbbc/index.html |publisher=The East African}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwiyemezamirimo]] c8581774zv7l40zxvdpkuos1xj56qn6 0 16996 140560 121957 2026-09-30T09:30:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140560 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Sitade ya Kigali Pelé''', yitiriwe '''Sitade y'akarere ka Nyamirambo''', ni stade ikorerwamo ibintu byinshi, iherereye mu gace ka [[Nyamirambo]] mu [[Umujyi wa Kigali|mujyi wa Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] . Kugeza ubu ikoreshwa cyane mu mikino [[Umupira w’amaguru|y'umupira wamaguru]] kandi yakira amakipe menshi muri [[Shampiyona y’ icyiciro cya mbere mu mupira w’amaguru mu Rwanda|shampiyona yu Rwanda]], harimo [[APR FC]] na [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports]] . Ifite ubwatsi bw'ubukorikori ndetse ifite imyanya 22,000 abantu bicaye neza. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2008-04-26 |title=Rwanda/South Africa: SA Firm to Renovate Nyamirambo Stadium |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/200804280752.html |access-date=2009-01-18 |website=Allfrica.com |publisher=Allfrica.com}}</ref> Iyi stade yabonaga idakwiriye kwakira imikino mpuzamahanga muri 2021 n’ishyirahamwe [[Ishyirahamwe ry’Umupira w’Amaguru muri Afrika|ry’umupira w’amaguru nyafurika]] kandi ikorerwa ivugurura ryatangiye muri Mutarama 2023 mbere ya Kongere ya 73 ya FIFA, yakiriwe na Kigali. Yongeye gufungura ku ya 15 Werurwe 2023, ahindurirwa izina mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Pelé wahoze ari umupira w'amaguru muri Berezile na perezida w’u Rwanda, [[Paul Kagame]] na perezida wa FIFA, Gianni Infantino . Muri 1998, sitade yakoreshejwe mu kwicisha mu ruhame abantu 21 bahamwe n'icyaha cyo kugira uruhare muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]], barimo [[Froduald Karamira]] . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Partial List of Rwandans Executed |url=https://apnews.com/article/c298e3ee319f2a0b196577fae1baa901 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=AP NEWS |language=en}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Ubucuruzi]] [[Ikiciro:Sitade]] 56bfl89qb7nlptngck3lnpg0lvu59g3 0 17005 140561 134417 2026-09-30T09:30:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140561 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Nyanza-Mwami-Kings-Palace-Rwanda.jpg|thumb|288x288px|Ingoro y'umwami murukari i Nyanza]] [[Dosiye:Luo Nyanza homestead.jpg|thumb|342x342px|Luo Nyanza homestead]] '''Nyanza''', izwi kandi ku izina rya '''Nyabisindu''', ni umujyi uherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Karere ka Nyanza]] mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Ntara y'Amajyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]] . Nyanza n'umurwa mukuru w'Intara y'Amajyepfo . == Amateka == [[Dosiye:King_Muzinga’s_dancers_in_Nyanza_1928._(9422840668).jpg|left|thumb| Ababyinnyi ba intare ba King [[Yuhi V Musinga]] hari muri Nyanza ( 1928 )]] Nyanza yari [[umurwa]] mukuru [[ABAMI BATEGETSE U RWANDA|w'Ubwami bw'u Rwanda]], kuva 1958 kugeza 1962. Muri 1994, mu bihe by’intambara y’abaturage yo mu Rwanda, [[Ishyaka FPR-Inkotanyi|Front Patriotic Front yo mu Rwanda]] yarwanye n’ingabo z’u Rwanda i Nyanza iminsi myinshi, isenya umujyi. Abatutsi benshi bishwe n'ingabo za leta hariya muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu Rwanda]] . == Ibintu bigaragara == [[Dosiye:King Muzinga’s dancers in Nyanza 1928. (9422840668).jpg|thumb|449x449px|'''King Muzinga’s dancers in Nyanza 1928.''']] Nyanza azwi cyane mu mateka ya yogurute na kefir ( gakondo bita ikivuguto muri Ikarwanda, ururimi rwu Rwanda ). Ikivuguto, kuba ikinyobwa gisembuye, yari, kandi n'ubu iracyakunzwe kubera imico myiza. Umujyi urimo amata abiri. Laiterie de Nyabasindu ni imwe mu isiyete manini yo mu Rwanda akora amata na yogurute. Amaresitora mato menshi n'amaduka mumujyi bigurisha ikivuguto kubikombe cyangwa mubikoresho binini bya plastiki kugirango bikuremo. Amaduka menshi yo mumujyi agurisha amacupa cyangwa apakiye kugiti cya ikivuguto cyangwa yogurt wongeyeho isukari cyangwa uburyohe, nka vanilla cyangwa strawberry. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Turismo en Nyanza, Ruanda 2021: Opiniones, consejos e información |url=https://www.tripadvisor.es/Tourism-g2053546-Nyanza_Southern_Province-Vacations.html}}</ref> Ikaba kandi ibamo inyubako nini, igezweho, ifite amagorofa menshi yubatswe kugira ngo ibe Urukiko mpuzamahanga rw’umuryango w’abibumbye rw’u Rwanda ( ICTR ), urukiko rukomeje kuburanisha imanza zerekeye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 mu Rwanda. Iyi nyubako kandi irimo Urukiko Rukuru. == Amakuru kubakerarugendo == Umujyi wa Nyanza urasaba kuzimya umuhanda munini uhuza Kigali na [[Butare]] . Nyanza ni urugendo rwa bisi kuva Kigali, Gariyamoshi iri hagati mu mujyi wa Nyanza, iruhande rw'isoko ryo hanze. Amasosiyete akomeye ya bisi akorera Nyanza ni [[Ibirunga byu Rwanda|Ibirunga]] na Horizon, bigenda buri saha nigice bikicara abagenzi bagera kuri 28. Hariho kandi amamodoka mato azwi nka bisi ya Twegerane ihuza abantu benshi bashoboka kandi igenda iyo yuzuye. Gutwara abantu mu mujyi binyuze muri tagisi ya moto cyangwa tagisi yamagare, cyangwa n'amaguru. [[Dosiye:King_Rudahigwa_palace.jpg|thumb| Ingoro nshya yumwami yubatswe muburyo bwa deco yubuhanzi|352x352px]] Ingoro yum ''umwami'' wanyuma ( [[umwami]] gakondo ) wu Rwanda iherereye hagati yumujyi rwagati kandi niwo mukerarugendo ukurura umujyi. Ngaho, umuntu arashobora kubona ingoro gakondo yuwahoze ari umwami akayigereranya ningoro ya kijyambere yubatswe kure nabakoloni b'Ababiligi kubwami. Mu gihe ibyinshi mu ngoro y'umwami bikomeje kuba uko byari bimeze igihe umwami yabayemo mu myaka ya za 1950 na 60, ibikoresho bimwe na bimwe byibwe cyangwa birasenywa mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu 1994]] . Rimwe na rimwe, hashyizweho kopi yibikoresho byumwimerere. Nta mafoto yemerewe imbere ibwami. <ref>{{Cite web |date=February 27, 2023 |title=Exploring the King's Palace in Nyanza, Rwanda |url=https://explorewithfinesse.com/exploring-the-kings-palace-in-nyanza-rwanda/ |access-date=March 10, 2023 |website=Explore with Finesse |archive-date=March 10, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230310073856/https://explorewithfinesse.com/exploring-the-kings-palace-in-nyanza-rwanda/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umugore wu Rwanda wambaye ''umushanana'' ( imyenda yubudozi yu Rwanda, itemba gakondo ) ayobora abashyitsi mu ngoro. Umujyi wa Nyanza ufite nibura amashuri abiri yisumbuye: Kaminuza y'Abadiventisti b'Abalayiki ba Kigali ( UNILAK ), ku muhanda ujya i Nyanza, n'Ikigo gishinzwe imyitozo ngororamubiri n'iterambere ( ILPD ), giherereye ku muhanda ugana ku ngoro y'Umwami kuri ihuriro rya Avenue des Siporo. ILPD yakiriye amasomo y’impamyabumenyi y’amezi atandatu nyuma y’icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza, itanga inyigisho zifatika mu by'amategeko ku barangije amashuri y’amategeko. Ifite kandi amasomo magufi ( ubusanzwe icyumweru kimwe cyangwa munsi yayo ) amasomo yo gukomeza gutura mumashuri cyangwa amasomo ajyanye namategeko kubacamanza, abanyamategeko, abahesha b'inkiko n'abandi. Abanyeshuri bo muri ILPD baturuka mu bihugu byinshi, birimo u Rwanda, Uganda, Gana, Gambiya, Kameruni, Sudani y'Amajyepfo na Kenya. Kuruhande rw'umuhanda uva Ikigo ni isoko rito rifite resitora ntoya (zitanga ibiryo n'ibinyobwa), ishuri ritwara ibinyabiziga hamwe nububiko buto bwo mu biro. Nyanza afite amatorero menshi, arimo abagatolika, abadiventiste b'umunsi wa karindwi, ADEPR (Pentekote) n'andi, ndetse n'imisigiti myinshi. == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Intara y’Amajyepfo y’U Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubukerarugendo]] 5oelqaflzpr8kbmi9kgec84sd7eyoye 0 17016 140562 96204 2026-09-30T09:30:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140562 wikitext text/x-wiki Tariki ya 29 ukwezi kwa Kamena mu mwaka wa 2005, '''Samuel Ndashyikirwa''', wahoze ari umucuruzi muto i Kirwa, mu Rwanda, yakatiwe mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] kubera uruhare yagize muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi]] mu mwaka wa 1994. Ababyiboneye bavuga ko yari yitabiriye ubwicanyi bwabereye i Kirwa kandi ko yagize uruhare rutaziguye muri ubwo bwicanyi, abashinjacyaha bavuga ko we na murumuna we, Etienne Nzabonimana, batanze imodoka, intwaro, [[Inzoga|n'inzoga]] ku basirikare b'u Rwanda bakora itsembabwoko mu karere ka ngoma . . Bombi bahamwe n'icyaha cyo gufasha imitwe ya gisirikare y'Abahutu mu kwica [[Abatutsi]] 50.000. Ndashyikirwa azamara imyaka icumi muri gereza, naho murumuna we azamara imyaka cumi n'ibiri. == Inkomoko == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080216024654/http://www.trial-ch.org/en/trial-watch/profile/db/spotlight/samuel_ndashyikirwa_328.html TRIAL (TRack Impunity ALways), Geneva, Switzerland] Samuel Ndashyikirwa's trial. * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4635637.stm BBC News], "Two Rwandans guilty over genocide." June 29, 2005 [[Ikiciro:Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] f8w099e522yunhdhbbzjobgmb82vutp 0 17437 140563 129788 2026-09-30T09:30:20Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140563 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Rt.Hon. Dr. Edouard Ngirente - Prime Minister of the Republic of Rwanda.jpg|thumb|370x370px|Ngirente Eduard]]{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q38188115|useImage=[[File:Rt.Hon. Dr. Edouard Ngirente - Prime Minister of the Republic of Rwanda.jpg|Rt.Hon._Dr._Edouard_Ngirente_-_Prime_Minister_of_the_Republic_of_Rwanda]]}} '''Ngirente Édouard''' ( yavutse 22 Gashyantare 1973 ) ni impuguke [[Rwanda|mu by'ubukungu]] n'umunyapolitiki. yabaye<ref>[https://igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/ni-urugendo-nungukiyemo-byinshi-dr-ngirente-wari-minisitiri-w-intebe Ni urugendo nungukiyemo byinshi-Dr. Ngirente wari Minisitiri w’Intebe - IGIHE.com]</ref> Minisitiri w’intebe w’u Rwanda kuva ku ya 30 Kanama 2017, amaze kugenwa na [[Perezida wa Repubulika y’u Rwanda|Perezida w’u Rwanda]], [[Paul Kagame]] . <ref name="Him">{{Cite web |last=Kagire |first=Edmund |date=30 August 2017 |title=President Kagame names little-known technocrat as PM |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/President-Kagame-appoints-prime-minister/2558-4076812-8843rhz/index.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> == Amavu n'amavuko == Ngirente Édouard yavukiye mu Rwanda ku ya 22 Gashyantare 1973. <ref name="Him">{{Cite web |last=Kagire |first=Edmund |date=30 August 2017 |title=President Kagame names little-known technocrat as PM |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/President-Kagame-appoints-prime-minister/2558-4076812-8843rhz/index.html |access-date=30 August 2017 |location=Nairobi}}</ref> Afite impamyabumenyi ya PhD mu by'ubukungu yakuye muri kaminuza ya Louvain, mu Bubiligi ( UCLouvain ), impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ( MSc ) mu bukungu bw'ubuhinzi yakuye muri UCLouvain, mu Bubiligi, impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga ( MA ) mu micungire y’ingaruka z’amafaranga yakuye muri kaminuza ya Saint-Louis, Bruxelles mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] Icyemezo cya kaminuza mu mibare yaturutse muri UCLouvain ; n'impamyabumenyi ihanitse mu by'ubukungu muri [[Kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda|kaminuza nkuru y'u Rwanda]] . == Umwuga == Mbere yo gushyirwaho, yari afite imyanya itandukanye: umujyanama mukuru w’umuyobozi mukuru wa Banki yisi ( 2017 ), umujyanama w'Umuyobozi Nshingwabikorwa wa Banki y'Isi ( kuva 2011 kugeza 2017 ) [http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/919991475692026686/Draft-Newsletter-1st-Quarter-2016-as-04-7-2016.pdf], umujyanama mukuru mu by'ubukungu muri Minisiteri y’imari n’igenamigambi mu Rwanda; umuyobozi mukuru wa gahunda y’iterambere ry’igihugu n’ubushakashatsi muri [[Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi ry'Ubukungu mu Rwanda|Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi ry’Ubukungu]] ; umwarimu mukuru mu cyahoze ari [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] kugeza mu 2010, umuyobozi w'ishami ry'ubukungu mu buhinzi muri kaminuza imwe, umujyanama wigenga akaba n'umuyobozi ushinzwe imishinga. Ngirente yagize uruhare rukomeye mu bushakashatsi mu by'ubukungu mu gihe muri Banki y'Isi , yandika impapuro ku masoko yihariye yo mu karere ndetse n’ibibazo by’ubukungu yibanda ku masoko y’ubuhinzi y’u Rwanda. == Gahunda ya politiki == Ngirente yagizwe umusimbura wa [[Murekezi Anastase|Anastase Murekezi]] ku ya 30 Kanama 2017 . Yabaye Minisitiri w’intebe wa 11 w’u Rwanda n’uwa 6 kuva [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Yari mu banyapolitiki benshi barahiye [[Paul Kagame]] nyuma y’amatora ya Perezida w’u Rwanda 2017 . <ref name=":1" /> == Politiki == Ngirente yagenzuye impinduka za politiki zigamije kuzamura ubukungu bw’u Rwanda binyuze mu nkunga zagutse z’ubushakashatsi , ibikorwa remezo byo gutwara abantu n’uburezi mu zindi nzego. Ubukangurambaga bwo gushishikariza Abanyarwanda kwishyura imisoro no kubungabunga ibidukikije nabwo bwatangiye hagamijwe gushyiraho ejo hazaza heza haba mu bukungu ndetse no mu bidukikije. Mu nshingano ze nk'uhagarariye u Rwanda, Ngirente yazengurutse isi yose yiyamamariza kongera ishoramari mu mahanga mu gihugu. Ngirente kandi yazengurutse afurika y'unganira ingamba zo kuboneza urubyaro ku mugabane w'afurika. == Ubuzima bwite == Ngirente arubatse kandi ni se w'abana babiri ( Audrey na Pascale Ngirente ) . == Reba kandi == * Politiki yo mu Rwanda * [[Inama y’Abaminisitiri|Inama y'Abaminisitiri mu Rwanda]] == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Minisitiri w'intebe]] [[Ikiciro:Umuyobozi]] 61704j19h9svciqwjso61e111tsxrhb 0 17451 140564 126849 2026-09-30T09:30:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140564 wikitext text/x-wiki <references group="lower-alpha" responsive="1"></references> [[Dosiye:Kabgayi 22.jpg|thumb|kiliziya ya Kabgayi|309x309px]] [[Dosiye:MuhangaDist.png|thumb|Aho kabgayi iherereye|310x310px]] '''Kabgayi''' iri mu majyepfo ya Gitarama mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Karere ka Muhanga]], [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]], km 40 mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]] . Yashinzwe nk'ubutumwa bwa Kiliziya Gatolika muri 1905. Yabaye ikigo cya [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|Kiliziya Gatolika ya Roma mu Rwanda]] kandi niho hari katederali ya kera cyane mu gihugu ndetse na seminari Gatolika, amashuri n'ibitaro. Itorero ryabanje gushyigikira intore ziyobowe [[Abatutsi|n’abatutsi]], ariko nyuma zishyigikira ubwiganze bw’Abahutu . Muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|mu Rwanda]]1994, Abatutsi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi bahungiye hano bariciwe. Bamwe mu barokotse bishimira ubutwari bw'abapadiri benshi babafashaga muri iyo minsi itoroshye, nka Padiri Evergiste RUKEBESHA n'abandi benshi. Abahutu bamwe barimo abasenyeri batatu n'abapadiri benshi bishwe n'abigometse ku basirikare ba FPR. Imva rusange iri hafi y'ibitaro irangwa n'urwibutso. Imbere muri Basilika habitswe imirambo y'abepiskopi batatu bishwe n'inyeshyamba za FPR. Babiri muri bo ( Vincent Nsengiyumva, Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali na Joseph Ruzindana, Umwepiskopi wa Byumba ) banze ko guverinoma y'u Rwanda yimurirwa muri katederali zabo. == Aho biherereye == Kabgayi aryamye hagati mu kibaya cyo hagati mu Rwanda ku butumburuke bwa m 1,800 hejuru yinyanja. [1] Iherereye mu Mudugudu wa Kamazuru wo mu Kagari ka Gahogo mu Murenge wa Nyamabuye, ni urugendo rw'iminota 5 uvuye mu Muhanga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=National Land Authority |first=Republic of Rwanda |title=Muhanga District Land Use Plan 2021-2050 |url=https://www.lands.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=68535&token=b4b63c35d97845cfb0ab3664a475ea77964c5138 |website=lands.rw |access-date=2023-11-04 |archive-date=2023-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810230204/https://www.lands.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=68535&token=b4b63c35d97845cfb0ab3664a475ea77964c5138 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Umuganda uri mu majyepfo ya Gitarama, umujyi wa kabiri munini mu Rwanda, hamwe na km 30 kuva [[Kigali]], [[umurwa]] mukuru. Ifite ikirere cyoroheje kandi gishyuha. Hariho ibihe bibiri by'imvura. [3] Impuzandengo yimvura yumwaka ni m 1100 . Biteganijwe ko buri mwaka igera kuri mil 815 . [4] Ubutaka ni umusenyi kandi butarumbuka. [1] Kuva mu 2002, abantu benshi bo mu karere ka Kabgayi bakikije bakoraga ubuhinzi. Imiryango mike ikize niyo yashoboraga gutunga [[inka]]. [5] == Amateka ya mbere == [[Dosiye:Street Scene near Kabgayi Cathedral - Outside Muhanga-Gitarama - Rwanda.jpg|thumb|301x301px]] [[ABAMI BATEGETSE U RWANDA|Ubwami bw'u Rwanda]] mbere yuko ibihugu by'abakoloni b'Abanyaburayi bigera byategekwaga n'intore [[Abatutsi|z'abatutsi]] zigera kuri 15 % by'abaturage hejuru y'abahinzi b'Abahutu bagera kuri 85 % . Bombi batekereza ko bimukiye ahandi mu gihe cyashize , abatutsi bava iburasirazuba n'abahutu bava mu majyaruguru. Imyumvire ni uko abatutsi bari barebare kandi boroheje mu gihe Abahutu bari bagufi kandi bakomeye. Abatutsi bari batunze inka bafite umuco w'abarwanyi kandi Abahutu bari abahinzi. Amatsinda yombi yasangiye ururimi rumwe, ''[[Ikinyarwanda|kinyarwanda]]'' . [6] Abahutu bakize bari barashatse mu cyiciro cy’abategetsi b’abatutsi, kandi abatutsi benshi bari abahinzi bakennye badafite inka , ariko haracyariho itandukaniro ry’imibereho ryashyize abatutsi hejuru y’Abahutu mu ntangiriro y’abakoloni . [7] Ubwa mbere, ubutumwa mu Rwanda bwari munsi ya Vicariyate ya Apostolike yo mu majyepfo ya Victoriya Nyanza, iyobowe na John Joseph Hirth . [8] Kabgayi yashinzwe nk'ubutumwa bw'ubutumwa nyuma yuko Abadage, ingufu z'abakoloni, bahawe uruhushya rutabishaka n'urukiko rw'umwami [[Yuhi V Musinga|Musinga]] w'u Rwanda mu 1904. [9] Abamisiyoneri bakiriye umusozi wa Kabgayi muri Gashyantare 1905. [1] Babonye hegitare 120 z'ubutaka. [10] Batangiye gahunda nini yo kubaka, ubanza amazu hanyuma inyubako z'itorero, bisaba abayitwara, amatafari, abateka, abahinzi n'abandi bakozi . [11] Ibyo basabye ku baturage bo mu karere byateje impagarara mu rukiko. Mu gusubiza, abategetsi b'Abadage bamenyesheje abamisiyonari ko bagomba kubona uruhushya mu Rukiko rwo gushaka abakozi, kandi imbaraga z'abakoloni ntizabafasha muri ibyo . [12] [[Dosiye:Ruanda - Diocesi di Kabgayi.png|thumb|237x237px]] Ariko , bidatinze ubutumwa bwabaye imbaraga mugihugu. [[Umwami]] Musinga, wagize uruhare mu rugamba rw’imbere mu gihugu, yitaye ku gukomeza umubano w’ubucuti n’abamisiyonari, maze mu Kuboza 1906 ababwira ko yifuza ko abantu be bose biga gusenga. [13] [[Abatutsi]] bakomeye nabo babonye agaciro mumibanire myiza naba nyiri ubutaka bakomeye . Uruzinduko rwabo rurerure rwabaye ikibazo ku bapadiri, batashoboraga guhora babitaho ubupfura busaba . [14] Muri Nyakanga 1907, ba se batangiye kubaka ishuri i Kabgayi ku bahungu b'abatware b'abatutsi, babonaga ko ari abayobozi karemano b'igihugu. [15] Ba se bashyigikiye umuhinzi w’Abahutu kurwanya umutware w’abatutsi igihe umuhinzi yari mu makosa akurikije amategeko y’igihugu, bakongera bakamagana abategetsi b’[[Ubudage]]. [16] Muri rusange, naho, abamisiyoneri i Kabgayi bakurikije politiki ishyigikiye abatutsi. [17] Itorero ryashinzwe mu Rwanda. Inshingano mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]], zari ziyobowe na Vicariyate ya Apostolike ya Unyanyembe, zifatanije n’u Rwanda gushinga Vicariyate Apostolike [[Intara ya Kivu y’Amajyaruguru|ya Kivu]] . [8] Ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1912, Jean - Joseph Hirth yagizwe Vicar Apostolike wa mbere wa Kivu. [18] Seminari Nto ya Saint Leon yashinzwe i Kabgayi mu 1913 . [19] Bamwe mu banyeshuri ba mbere bari barigishijwe mu butumwa bwa Rubyia i Tanganyika, kandi bashoboraga kuvuga Igilatini cyiza kurusha abapadiri ba kera b'Abanyaburayi. [20] Hirth yashinze icyicaro cye i Kabgayi kandi akorana n'abaseminari b'u Rwanda kugeza igihe yeguye mu 1921. [8] Mu 1916, mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, [[Ububiligi|Ababiligi]] bigaruriye u Rwanda n'Uburundi. Bakomeje politiki y'Ubudage, harimo no gushyigikira itsinda ry'abategetsi b'Abatutsi. [21] [[Dosiye:Amateka y'iyobokamana mu Rwanda.jpg|thumb|Abapadiri bambere I kabgayi|320x320px]] Kugeza 1921 hari abakristu ibihumbi mirongo itatu muri Vicariate yintumwa ya Kivu. [8] Kabgayi yabaye icyicaro cya Vicariyate ya Apostolike ya Ruanda igihe yashingwa muri Mata 1922, itandukanijwe na Vicariyate ya Apostolike ya Urundi . [22] Mu 1928 , Alexis Kagame yinjiye mu iseminari nto ya Kabgayi. Yagombaga kuba umuyobozi mukuru wubwenge, umwanditsi ninzobere kumigenzo numuco byu Rwanda. [23] Mu 1932, icapiro rya mbere mu Rwanda ryashyizwe i Kabgayi. Ikinyamakuru cya mbere cya ''Kiny'' , cyatangiye kugaragara mu 1933. [24] Itumanaho ryateye imbere buhoro buhoro. Mu 1938 hafunguwe inzira ihuza Kabgayi na Rubengera iburengerazuba. [25] == Nyuma y'intambara == [[Dosiye:Cathedral_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_at_Kabgayi_-_Outside_Muhanga-Gitarama_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|240x240px| Cathedrale Basilika ya Bikira Mariya i Kabgayi]] Mu gusubiza inyuma ko bashyigikiye abatutsi, kiliziya gatolika yasubiye inyuma y’abanyagihugu b’Abahutu. Mu ibaruwa ye y’abashumba yo ku ya 11 Gashyantare 1959, Umwepiskopi wa Kabgayi, André Perraudin, yanditse igice ati: " Mu Rwanda rwacu, itandukaniro n’ubusumbane bw’imibereho bifitanye isano ahanini no gutandukanya amoko, mu buryo bw'uko ubutunzi ku ruhande rumwe; ku rundi ruhande, ingufu za politiki ndetse n'ubucamanza, ku rugero runini mu maboko y'abantu bo mu bwoko bumwe . " [29] Aya magambo yashakaga kuvuga ko Kiliziya Gatolika yo mu Rwanda yashyigikiye ibyo Abahutu bavuga . [30] Bashobora kuba barabonaga ko ari uburyo bwo gutsindishirizwa mu myifatire y’ubwicanyi bwa mbere bw’abatutsi bwakurikiye mu karere ka Kabgayi nyuma yuwo mwaka. [31] Mu 1959 , icapiro ry’itorero i Kabgayi ryanakoreshejwe mu gukora udutabo dusaba Abahutu gukoresha ihohoterwa rikorerwa Abatutsi . [32] Ku ya 1 Ugushyingo 1959, umuyobozi mukuru w’Abahutu [[Dominique Mbonyumutwa|, Dominique Mbonyumutwa,]] yagabweho igitero n’agatsiko k’abasore [[Abatutsi|b’abatutsi]] hafi y’ubutumwa bwa Kabgayi. Yaratorotse, ariko ibihuha bivuga ko yapfuye byakwirakwiriye vuba. Bukeye, itsinda ry’Abahutu ryibasiye abanyacyubahiro bane b’abatutsi mu butegetsi bw’abaturanyi bwa Ndiza, maze mu minsi yakurikiye ihohoterwa ryibasiye abatutsi rikwira mu Rwanda . [33] Mu gihe cy'imyaka ine yakurikiyeho, abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu bihugu duturanye. [34] Inama ya kabiri ya Vatikani ( 1962–1965 ), yibanda ku gufasha abakene, yagize uruhare mu gutera inkunga Abahutu na Kiliziya Gatolika, nubwo benshi mu batutsi bari bakennye kimwe. [35] [[Dosiye:Colonial-Era_Buildings_at_Kabgayi_Hospital_-_Genocide_Site_-_Outside_Muhanga-Gitarama_-_Rwanda.jpg|thumb|240x240px| Inyubako zabakoloni - Era mubitaro bya Kabgayi]] Ku ya 28 Mutarama 1961, Kongere y’igihugu y’u Rwanda yatangaje ubwigenge. [36] Iri tangazo ry’umutwe wiganjemo Abahutu ryatangarijwe i Gitarama, mu majyaruguru ya Kabgayi. [37] Igihugu cyigenga cyu Bubiligi ku ya 1 Nyakanga 1962 . [38] Perezida wa mbere w’igihugu, [[Grégoire Kayibanda]], yari yarize mu iseminari ya Kabgayi, kimwe n’abandi bayobozi benshi b’Abahutu. [35] Kayibanda yari umunyamabanga wa Arkiyepiskopi Perraudin i Kabgayi. [39] Muri 1973, i Kabgayi habaye ubwicanyi bwibasiye abapadiri ba Josephite . Arkiyepiskopi Perraudin na Perezida Kayibanda bombi bari bahari, ariko banga kugira icyo bakora . [40] Muri Mata 1976, Kabgayi abaye icyicaro cya [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Kabgayi|Diyosezi ya Kabgayi]] nyuma yuko abandi babonye batandukanijwe nayo. [22] Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II yasuye Kagbayi muri Nzeri 1990. Yavuze ku cyuho kiri hagati y’abahinzi bakennye bo mu Rwanda n’intore zo mu mijyi, anasaba ko serivisi za Leta zingana ndetse no kuguriza abaturage bo mu cyaro. [41] Itorero ryakoranye na guverinoma. [[Vincent Nsengiyumva]], Arkiyepiskopi wa Kigali, yabaye umwe mu bagize komite nkuru y’ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rya Hutu MRND. [42] [43] Abayobozi b'amatorero bake banze gutegekwa n'Abahutu birenze . Mu 1991, Umwepiskopi wa Kabgayi, Thaddée Nsengiyumva, yasohoye ibaruwa y’abashumba yanenze cyane ikoreshwa ry’ubwicanyi bwa politiki ndetse no kudashishikazwa n’ubwiyunge hagati y’amoko. [44] Abahezanguni b'Abahutu bafashe ubutegetsi muri Mata 1994, batangira gahunda ihamye yo kwica abatutsi n'Abahutu bashyira mu gaciro . [34] Impunzi z'abatutsi zavuye muri ubwo bwicanyi zatangiye kugera i Kabgayi hagati muri Mata, aho babaga ahantu huzuye abantu bafite ibiryo cyangwa amazi make, benshi barwaye malariya cyangwa dysentery. Buri munsi, abasirikari n'abasirikare bitoranyaga abasore kugira ngo bicwe. [45] Mu mpera za Gicurasi i Kabgayi hari impunzi zigera ku 38.000. [46] Muri iki gihe Kabgayi yiswe " inkambi y'urupfu ", impunzi zikaba zitishoboye kurwanya gufata ku ngufu n'ubwicanyi bitwaje intwaro. [47] [[ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi]] (FPR), rwari rwarashizweho n’abatutsi bari mu buhungiro muri Uganda, rwarwanyije maze rutangira kwigarurira igihugu. [34] Itsinda ry’abepiskopi bo mu Rwanda bajuririye Papa Yohani Pawulo wa II bamusaba ko ikigo cy’idini cya Kabgayi cyagira akarere kidafite aho kibogamiye, maze Papa atanga ubujurire ku Muryango w’abibumbye. Abepiskopi bavuze ko ingabo ziyobowe n’Abahutu zikomeje gutanga uburinzi, ariko niba ingabo zarahatiwe gusubira mu ngabo za RPC zigenda zerekeza i Kabgayi, ntibashoboraga kurinda impunzi imitwe yitwara gisirikare y’Abahutu. Indorerezi z'umuryango w'abibumbye zoherejwe i Kabgayi nta kimenyetso cyerekana ubwicanyi, ariko zivuga ko izo mpunzi zatewe ubwoba . [46] [[Dosiye:Genocide_Memorial_Where_6000_Are_Buried_-_Below_Kabgayi_Cathedral_-_Outside_Muhanga-Gitarama_-_Rwanda_-_03.jpg|thumb|240x240px|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside aho abantu 6.000 bashyinguwe mu mva rusange iruhande rw'ibitaro [48]]] Ubujurire bwatinze. Ingabo za guverinoma hamwe n’abasirikare b’intagondwa [[Interahamwe|z’Abahutu]] bakomeje ubwicanyi bukabije mbere yo guhunga FPR, yigaruriye Kabgayi ku ya 2 Kamena 1994. [49] Raporo za mbere z'abayobozi b'amadini zavuze ko abantu bake ugereranije bapfuye - ahari 1.500 kuri 30.000. [50] Icyakora, raporo yo muri Gashyantare 2009 yakozwe n'abacamanza b'urukiko rwa Gacaca cumi n'umunani yavuze ko byibuze impunzi 64.000 zishwe. Benshi mu bahohotewe bashyinguwe ari bazima. Abakozi ba Croix-Rouge n'abayobozi b'amadini bavuga ko bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi. [48] [51] FPR imaze gufata ubutegetsi, ku ya 5 Kamena 1994, Arkiyepiskopi Vincent Nsengiyumva, Abepiskopi Thaddée Nsengiyumva na Joseph Ruzindana, n'abandi bapadiri icumi biciwe i Gakurazo, mu majyepfo ya Kabgayi . [55] [56] Bavuga ko abicanyi bari abasirikare [[Abatutsi|b'abatutsi]] babarindaga. FPR yavuze ko abo basirikare batekerezaga ko abapadiri bagize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’abatutsi mbere. Papa yababajwe n'ubwo bwicanyi. [57] Padiri n'umunyamakuru André Sibomana yavuze ko nyuma FPR yishe " amagana " y'abahinzi i Kabgayi ku ya 19 Kamena 1994. [27] Nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwo muri 1994, diyosezi ya Kabgayi na Byumba, ifashijwe na serivisi ishinzwe ubutabazi gatolika hanyuma ikorwa na Biro ishinzwe abaturage, impunzi n'abinjira muri Amerika, batangira gutegura igiterane cyo gufasha urubyiruko kumva ibyabaye, impamvu n'uburyo bwo gukumira ibyo bikorwa. gusubiramo. [58] Gahunda zakinguwe kuri bose. 30 % by'urubyiruko rwo mu bigo bitatu by’ibizamini bya Kabgayi ntabwo bari abagatolika b'Abaroma. [59] == Inzego == [[Dosiye:Kabgayi Basilica Catholic Church.jpg|thumb|Kiliziya ya Kabgayi ]] Uyu munsi Kabgayi akomeje kuba muri Cathedrale Basilika y’imyumvire idahwitse ( Beatae Immaculatae Virgini s ), inyubako nini itukura yubatswe mu 1923. [48] Umuhango wo kwiyegurira Imana muri Mata 1923 witabiriwe n'abayobozi benshi b'abakoloni ndetse n'Umwami Musinga, ukurura imbaga nyamwinshi y'abaturage. [60] Abategetsi b'Abakoloni b'Ababiligi na bo bakoze Kabgayi aho ibitaro ndetse n'amashuri atoza ababyaza, icapiro, ababaji n'abacuzi n'ubundi bucuruzi. Hano hari inzu ndangamurage ntoya yerekana ibihangano kuva mubihe bitandukanye. [48] Kabgayi kandi niho Seminari Nkuru y’igihugu ihuriweho na Diyosezi ya Kabgayi ( Umuzenguruko wa Filozofiya ), [62] [63] [61] ba Mutagatifu André, [64] Kugeza mu 2013 ibitaro by'akarere ka Kabgayi byari bifite ikibazo cyo kubura abakozi, bigatuma umurongo munini w'abarwayi. [65] == Ikarita ==   == Reba == '''Inyandiko''' '''Imirongo''' '''Inkomoko''' [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] ai84jnvyvanpcb01087hp80ayxvv8ut 0 17459 140565 122591 2026-09-30T09:30:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140565 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kalibushi Wenceslas''' (Yavutse 29 Kamena 1919 - apfa 20 Ukuboza 1997) yari umwepiskopi Gatolika w'umunyarwanda . Kalibushi Wenceslas yavutse ku ya 29 Kamena 1919 i [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Byimana]], mu Rwanda. Yahawe ubupadiri ku ya 25 Nyakanga 1947. Ku ya 9 Ukuboza 1976, yagizwe umwepiskopi wa [[Diyosezi Gatolika ya Nyundo]], kandi yaje kuyeguriwe na Arkiyepiskopi [[Vincent Nsengiyumva]] ku ya 27 Werurwe 1977. Abaterankunga be bakuru ni Arkiyepiskopi André Perraudin na Musenyeri [[Aloys Bigirumwami]] . [1] Kalibushi yari umwe mu bapadiri bake bavuze nabi ibikorwa bya leta mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] . Ku ya 28 Ukuboza 1993, we n'abapadiri bari Kibuye na [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] basohoye ibaruwa inenga guverinoma kuba yarahaye intwaro abaturage . [2] Ibaruwa ye yasabye abayobozi" gusobanurira neza abaturage akamaro k’intwaro zatanzwe mu minsi yashize ." [3] Ahari kubera ko Kalibushi afite ubushake bwo gushyigikira abatutsi no kunenga guverinoma, ikigo cye i Nyundo ni kimwe mu byibasiwe n’intagondwa z’[[Abahutu]]. [4] Mu gitondo nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ku ya 7 Mata 1994 imiryango myinshi [[Abatutsi|y'Abatutsi]] yaje i Nyundo gushaka umutekano. Haje imbaga nini, yanga kandi yitwaje intwaro, maze ubwicanyi butangira ubwo, barimo abagore n’abana bahungiye muri shapeli. [5] Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 8 Mata, imitwe yitwara gisirikare yafashe musenyeri, iramwambura maze itera ubwoba ko izamwica, ariko ihagarikwa n’abasirikare. [4] Musenyeri Kalibushi yajyanywe i Gisenyi nyuma arekurwa bisabwe na [[Vatikani]] . [5] Ku ya 3 Gicurasi Mgr. [[Vincent Nsengiyumva]] yandikiye abakristu ba Nyundo ibaruwa ibizeza ko Kalibushi afite umutekano kandi ufite ameze neza, kandi ko ibihuha bivuga ko yahungiye i Nairobi ari ibinyoma. [6] Kalibushi yagiye mu kiruhuko cy'izabukuru ku ya 2 Mutarama 1997 apfa ku ya 20 Ukuboza 1997. [1] == Reba == '''Imirongo'''{{Reflist|30em}}'''Inkomoko'''   [[Ikiciro:Umupadili]] [[Ikiciro:Umupadiri]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] t57rufsn0znajjilbfi8taqxri4yp5m 0 17613 140566 133341 2026-09-30T09:30:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140566 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Eugene Mussolini''' (wavutse ku ya 24 Ukuboza 1977) ni umunyapolitiki wo mu Rwanda. Kuva mu mwaka wa 2019, Mussolini yabaye umwe mu bagize [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|umutwe w’abadepite]] mu gihugu cy'u [[Rwanda]] , afite umwanya mu inteko ishinga amategeko wagenewe abafite ubumuga. == Ubuzima bwo hambere n'amashuri == Dukurikije umwirondoro wa Mussolini ku urubuga rwemewe rw'Umutwe [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|w'Abadepite]], yavutse ku ya 24 Ukuboza 1977. Yabonye impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza ya Master of Business Administration yakuye muri kaminuza yigenga ya Kigali . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Deputies' Profiles - Hon MUSSOLINI Eugene |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5B%40widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=2&cHash=ede8f376b5287b7a3348df5228671962 |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Chamber of Deputies |archive-date=5 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230905070432/https://www.parliament.gov.rw/chamber-of-deputies-2/member-profile/deputies-profiles?tx_news_pi1%5B%40widget_0%5D%5BcurrentPage%5D=2&cHash=ede8f376b5287b7a3348df5228671962 |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Mussolini warokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda]], yanenze uruhare rw'Ubufaransa muri iyi jenoside . <ref>{{Cite web |date=8 April 2014 |title=Lingering bitterness between Rwandans and French on genocide {{!}} eNCA |url=https://www.enca.com/africa/lingering-bitterness-between-rwandans-and-french-genocide |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=eNCA |language= |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703203212/https://www.enca.com/africa/lingering-bitterness-between-rwandans-and-french-genocide |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mbere y’amatora ye, Mussolini yakoraga mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|nama njyanama y’akarere ka Gasabo]] . Mussolini, ufite ubumuga bw'umubiri, mbere yakoraga mu Nama y'igihugu y'abafite ubumuga. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tabaro |first=Jean De La Croix |date=2018-09-02 |title=Eugene Mussolini Is First MP Elect |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2018/09/eugene-mussolini-is-first-mp-elect/ |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=KT PRESS |language=en-US}}</ref> Yahoze akora mu ishyirahamwe ry’abacitse ku icumu rya Landmine na Amputees yo mu Rwanda (ALSAR), uharanira iyubahirizwa ndetse nisinywa ry' Amasezerano ya cluster Munitions.<ref>{{Cite web |date=26 August 2015 |title=Rwanda Bans Cluster Bombs |url=http://www.stopclustermunitions.org/en-gb/media/news/2015/rwanda-bans-cluster-bombs.aspx |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Cluster Munition Coalition}}</ref> == Umwuga Mu Inteko == Mu matora y’abadepite yo mu Rwanda 2018, yatorewe kuba uhagarariye abamugaye mu [[Umutwe w’Abadepite|mutwe w’abadepite]] . Mussolini yatsinze umudepite ucyuye igihe Rusiha Gaston ku majwi 75.5% kugeza 14.5% by'amajwi. <ref>{{Cite web |date=2018-09-03 |title=Eugène Mussolini elected MP for persons with disabilities |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/158095/News/eugne-mussolini-elected-mp-for-persons-with-disabilities |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> === Manda ye === Mu 2022, Mussolini yari umwe mu badepite batanu bazanye amategeko yo guha abanyarwanda kubona serivisi zo kuboneza urubyaro kuva ku myaka cumi n'itanu. Umushinga w'itegeko watanzwe, watangijwe ku nkunga ya [[Gamariel Mbonimana]], [[Speciose Ayinkamiye]], [[Phoebe Kanyange]], na [[Alice Muzana]], amaherezo washyikirijwe. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Sabiiti |first=Daniel |date=2022-10-18 |title=Social Media Reacts After Parliament Rejects Reproductive Health Bill |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/10/social-media-reacts-after-parliament-rejects-reproductive-health-bill/ |access-date=2023-02-13 |website=KT PRESS |language=en-US}}</ref> Mu 2023, Mussolini yavuze [[Ingabo za demokarasi zo kubohora u Rwanda|ko ingabo za demokarasi ziharanira kwibohora u Rwanda]] (FDLR) ari "umutwe w'iterabwoba wa jenoside waguye ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo|DRC]] ". <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-01-28 |title=Will Pope help silence the guns in DR Congo and South Sudan? |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/peace-be-with-you-pope-visits-region-amid-conflict-4101882 |access-date=2023-02-12 |website=The East African |language=en}}</ref> == Reba == {{Reflist}} k1losx1wq2mlqimgr1f4hf1yd6y2p49 0 18120 140567 103958 2026-09-30T09:30:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140567 wikitext text/x-wiki   Hon. Dr. '''Monique Mujawamariya''' (wavutse ku ya 27 Nyakanga 1955) ni impirimbanyi y' uburenganzira bwa muntu [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] wimukiye muri Kanada hanyuma muri Afurika y'Epfo. Yarokotse [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 mu Rwanda]] kandi yatsindiye igihembo mpuzamahanga mu 1995. <ref name="ned">[http://www.ned.org/enlightened-post-cold-war-initiative-for-peace-building-and-democracy/ Enlightened Post Wat Initiative ... role for NGOs], Carl Gershman, President, November 13, 2002, National Endowment for Democracy, Retrieved 1 March 2016</ref> Muri 2014 yari atuye muri Afurika y'Epfo aho ahangayikishijwe n'uburenganzira bw'umugore. == Ubuzima bwe == Mujawamariya yavukiye i [[Butare]] mu Rwanda mu 1955. Yitaye ku burenganzira bwa muntu maze ashinga umuryango witwa Rwanda ADL ( French </link> ). <ref name="bio">[http://www.africultures.com/php/?nav=personne&no=18262 Monique Mujawamariya], Africultures.com, Retrieved 1 March 2016</ref> == Mugihe cya Jenoside == Ku ya 6 Mata 1994, Perezida w'u Rwanda [[Juvénal Habyarimana|Juvenal Habyarimana]] yapfuye igihe indege ye yaraswaga kandi iki gikorwa cyahise kibanziriza icyari kizwi ku izina rya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] aho abantu batekereza ko bapfuye 800.000 kugeza 1.000.000. Mujawamariya yari umuntu wibasiwe i [[Kigali]], aho Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines yamwise "gukunda igihugu gikwiye gupfa". Yavuganaga na Alison Des Forges buri minota 30 kubera iri terabwoba hamwe nindege. Des Forges yari umunyamuryango wa Human Rights Watch maze asabwa kwita ku bana be igihe Mujawamariya yarangirizaga umuhamagaro kugira ngo yirinde inshuti ye kumva ko apfa. Nkuko byari bimeze, Mujawamariya yarokotse. <ref name="et">[http://www.eurotrib.com/story/2009/4/6/346/31275 15 Years ago today...], Papicek, 6 April 2009, European Tribune, Retrieved 1 March 2016</ref> Mujawamariya yashoboye gutoroka yiruka mu busitani bwe kugeza abasirikare bagiye. Yahise yihisha mu gisenge mugihe cy'amasaha 40 mbere yo kwegera abasirikare yitwaje ifoto gusa y' uwari umugabo we wapfuye yambaye imyenda yagisirikare. nyuma atanga ruswa nyinshi, yashoboye gutoroka no kuvugana na Des Forges. Des Forges yateguye ko ashyirwa ku rutonde rwo kwimurwa, maze aherekeza Mujawamariya abinyujije ku basirikare bagose ikibuga cy'indege. Mujawamariya yaratorotse, amaze kohereza abana be mu majyepfo y'igihugu. Nyuma y'ibyumweru, ntiyari azi ibyabaye ku bana be batatu. Mujawamariya yashoboye guhaguruka yerekeza i Washington, ahahurira na Anthony Lake wari umujyanama wa Perezida Clinton. <ref name="et">[http://www.eurotrib.com/story/2009/4/6/346/31275 15 Years ago today...], Papicek, 6 April 2009, European Tribune, Retrieved 1 March 2016</ref> Yari mu itsinda ryahuye na Clinton mu Kuboza gushize. Icyakora, habaye impuhwe nke kuko byagaragaye ko u Rwanda, n'ibibazo byabwo, bitari inyungu z’Amerika. <ref name="et" /> Yahawe igihembo cya Demokarasi n'Ikigega cy'igihugu gishinzwe demokarasi mu 1995, <ref name="ned">[http://www.ned.org/enlightened-post-cold-war-initiative-for-peace-building-and-democracy/ Enlightened Post Wat Initiative ... role for NGOs], Carl Gershman, President, November 13, 2002, National Endowment for Democracy, Retrieved 1 March 2016</ref> kandi muri uwo mwaka ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro na Amherst College . <ref name="bio">[http://www.africultures.com/php/?nav=personne&no=18262 Monique Mujawamariya], Africultures.com, Retrieved 1 March 2016</ref> == Uyu munsi == Mujawamariya ubu (2014) atuye Cape Town aho akorera ku bibazo bijyanye n'uburenganzira bw'umugore. Yagarutse mu Rwanda kwitabira ubukwe bw'umuhungu we William mu 2014. adlyyxw7qu6ywb74y4o589ggvw2jwg9 0 18170 140568 133509 2026-09-30T09:30:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140568 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Meeting with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rwanda, Mr. Sam Rugege - 12451895244.jpg|thumb|Nyakubahwa Sam Rugege]] '''Rugege Sam ('''yavutse mu mwaka 1947) ni umunya[[rwanda]] akaba yarabaye Perezida w'Urukiko rw'ikirenga rw'u [[Rwanda]] kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 kugeza 2019, asezeye ku mirimo ye kubera yaramaze kugera mu gihe cy'izabukuru aho yaje gusimburwa na [[Faustin Ntezilyayo|Faustin Nteziryayo]].<ref>https://www.ktpress.rw/2019/12/kagame-appoints-dr-nteziryayo-faustin-as-new-chief-justice/</ref><ref>https://comesacourt.org/former-comesa-court-of-justice-judges/</ref> == Ubuzima bwe bwite na amashuri yize == Nyakubahwa Sam Rugege yavutse mu mwaka 1947. Akomoka kuri se Canon [[Mutware William Iyakaremye]] Rugege witabye imana afite imyaka 98.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/father-of-chief-justice-rugege-dies-at-98 |title=Archive copy |access-date=2024-03-30 |archive-date=2024-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240330154231/https://en.igihe.com/news/father-of-chief-justice-rugege-dies-at-98 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikiciro cya kabiri cya kaminuza mu bijyanye n' amategeko yakuye muri Makerere university(LLB). Afite kandi impamyabumenyi ihanitse (LLM) yakuye muri Yale Law School, ndetse kandi n' impanyabumenyi y'ikirenga (Phil. D) yakuye muri University of Oxford.<ref>https://attorneyatlawmagazine.com/international-article/rwanda-chief-justice-sam-rugege-continues-crusade https://weinsteininternational.org/our-leadership/rugege/</ref> [[Dosiye:University Of Oxford The Bridge Of Sighs.jpg|center|thumb|Kaminuza ya Oxford, Sam Rugege yakuyemo impamyabumenyi yikirenga PhD|410x410px]] == Imirimo yakoze == [[Dosiye:Makerere University Jinja Campus.jpg|thumb|Kaminuza ya makerere Sam Rugege yigishijemo]] Yatangiye umwuga we wo kuba umwalimu mu by'amategeko muri kaminuza ya Makerere, mbere yo guhatirwa guhunga iterabwoba ry’ubutegetsi bwa [[Idi Amin Dada|Idi Amin]] mu mwaka 1976. Nyuma yigisha muri kaminuza za Lesotho, Makerere na Swaziland. Mbere yo kuzamurwa ku ntebe ya perezida w'urukiko rw'ikirenga, Rugege yari umwarimu w’amategeko muri kaminuza y’iburengerazuba bwa Cape (UWC) [[Afurika y’Epfo|muri Afurika yepfo]], aho yigishaga amategeko shinga n’ivugurura ry’ubutaka nyuma y'ivangura ruhu mu rurimi rw'icyongereza byitwa "Apartheid". Yabaye kandi umwarimu mukuru mu by'amategeko, mu cyahoze ari kaminuza nkuru y'uRwanda,<ref>https://weinsteininternational.org/our-leadership/rugege/</ref> [[Dosiye:Meeting with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Rwanda, Mr. Sam Rugege.jpg|thumb|Sam Rugege mu biganiro]] Yabaye Kandi umujyanama wa komisiyo yateguye Itegeko Nshinga rya repubulika yu Rwanda nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside]] yakorewe abatutsi 1994. yabaye kandi Perezida w’Urukiko rw’ikirenga rw’u Rwanda.<ref>https://weinsteininternational.org/our-leadership/rugege/</ref> == Imirimo akora ubu == Nyuma yo gusezera mu mirimo yo kuba perezida w'urukiko rw'ikirenga rw'uRwanda ubu akora muri The Weinstein International Foundation, umuryango udaharanira inyungu uharanira ko imishyikirano iboneka kandi ikagerwaho ku isi hose mu gihe hagenda hagaragara ibibazo n'amakimbirane ku isi.<ref>https://attorneyatlawmagazine.com/international-article/rwanda-chief-justice-sam-rugege-continues-crusade</ref> {{Infobox|amazina=Sam Rugege|Amavuko=1947|Ubwenegihugu=Umunyarwanda}} <references /> [[Ikiciro:Abanyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Abanyamategeko]] [[Ikiciro:Abagabo]] [[Ikiciro:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]] cf293snh7n3hfit9g8bxlfd2u54b23b 0 18192 140569 116930 2026-09-30T09:30:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140569 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Immacule Illibagiza 2007.jpg|thumb|'''Ilibagiza Immaculee''']] [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|ilibagiza yavukiye mumujyi wa kigali mugihugu cyurwanda ninaho aba]] '''Ilibagiza Immaculée''' (wavutse 1972) <ref>{{Cite web |title=Immaculee Ilibagiza: Biography |url=http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/immaculee-ilibagiza |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812030026/http://www.architectsofpeace.org/architects-of-peace/immaculee-ilibagiza |archive-date=August 12, 2018 |access-date=September 21, 2011}}</ref> ni umwanditsi w’umunyarwandakazi akaba azi n'okuvugira muruhame. Igitabo cye cya mbere, cyitwa ''Ibumoso Kubwira : Kuvumbura Imana Hagati y’itsembatsemba ry’u Rwanda'' , yacyanditse (2006), ni igitabo cyandika ku buzima bwe cyerekana uko yarokotse muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] . Yagaragaye kuri imwe muri gahunda za PBS ya Wayne Dyer, ndetse no ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2006, igice cy'iminota ''60'' (cyongeye gutambuka ku ya 1 Nyakanga 2007). Ilibagiza Immaculée asangira ubunararibonye bwe muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda muri 1994. Yarokotse iminsi 91 yihishe hamwe n'abandi bagore barindwi mu bwiherero buto, butarenza metero 3 kuri metero 4 (ubuso bwa metero kare 12). Ubwiherero bwari bwihishe mu cyumba inyuma y’imyenda yo mu rugo rw’umupasitori . Mu gihe cya jenoside, benshi mu muryango wa Ilibagiza (nyina, se, na barumuna be bombi Damascene na Vianney) birishwe n'abasirikare . Usibye we, abandi barokotse mu muryango we ni murumuna we Aimable, wigaga hanze y'igihugu muri [[Senegali]] kandi akaba atazi jenoside. Ilibagiza avuga uko ukwemera kwe gatolika kwamuyoboye mu mibabaro ye kandi asobanura imbabazi n'impuhwe yagiriye abicanyi bo mu muryango we. [[Dosiye:2012-06-09 Ilibagiza + Ramsey at Lipscomb.jpg|thumb|Ilibagiza Immacule]] [[Dosiye:Université nationale du Rwanda à Butare.JPG|thumb|Kaminuza y'u Rwanda, Ilibagiza yizeho]] Muri 2006, inkuru ngufi imuvugaho, yitwa ''The Diary of Immaculée'', yasohowe na kaminuza ya Academy Award yatowe hamwe na Peter LeDonne na Steve Kalafer. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Nathan Southern |date=2014 |title=The Diary of Immaculee (2006) |url=https://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/353087/The-Diary-of-Immacul-e/overview |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141219185431/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/353087/The-Diary-of-Immacul-e/overview |archive-date=2014-12-19 |access-date=December 19, 2014 |website=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> Ilibagiza avuga ku isi yose kandi ni we wahawe igihembo cya Mahatma Gandhi muri 2007 n'Ubwiyunge n'amahoro. Mu mwaka wa 2012, ni we watanze disikuru yo ku ya 9 Kamena ya Robert E. na Bonnie Cone Hooper Ijambo rusange ry’inama y’intiti za gikirisitu muri kaminuza ya Lipscomb . Muri 2013, Ilibagiza yabaye umunyamerika ufite ubwenegihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |date=December 18, 2013 |title=21 Photos That Prove 2013 Was A Year Of Triumphs, No Matter How Small |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/18/happy-photos-2013_n_4427777.html |publisher=Huffington Post}}</ref> Yize ibijyanye n’amashanyarazi n’ubukanishi muri [[kaminuza nkuru y’u Rwanda]] kandi ahabwa impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro na kaminuza ya Notre Dame mu 2007 na kaminuza ya Mutagatifu Yohani mu 2008. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Nine distinguished figures to join Immelt as honorary degree recipients |url=https://news.nd.edu/news/nine-distinguished-figures-to-join-immelt-as-honorary-degree-recipients/ |publisher=University of Notre Dame}}</ref> == Ibitabo == * Ilibagiza, Immaculée (hamwe na Steve Erwin). ''Ibumoso bwo kubwira: Kuvumbura Imana Hagati ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi'' . Carlsbad, CA: Inzu ya Hay, 2006. . * Ilibagiza, Immaculée (hamwe na Steve Erwin). ''Bayobowe no Kwizera: Guhaguruka mu ivu rya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda'' . Carlsbad, CA: Inzu ya Hay, 2008. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/978-1-4019-1887-3|978-1-4019-1887-3]] * Ilibagiza, Immaculée (hamwe na Steve Erwin). ''Bikira Mariya wa Kibeho: Mariya Avugana n'isi avuye kumutima wa Afrika'' . Carlsbad, CA: Inzu ya Hay, 2008. [[ISBN (identifier)|ISBN]]&nbsp;[[Special:BookSources/1-4019-2378-X|1-4019-2378-X]] * Ilibagiza, Immaculée. ''Umuhungu wahuye na Yesu: Segatashya Emmanuel wa Kibeho'' (28 Ugushyingo 2012) Carlsbad, CA: Inzu ya Hay  * Ilibagiza, Immaculée (hamwe na Steve Erwin). ''Rozari: Isengesho ryarokoye ubuzima bwanjye'' (15 Kanama 2013) Carlsbad, CA: Inzu ya Hay  == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * [https://www.immaculee.com/ Immaculée.com] - Urubuga rwemewe * [https://www.hayhouse.com/authorbio/immaculee-ilibagiza/ Immaculée Ilibagiza] muri Hay House * [https://www.cbsnews.com/news/rwandan-genocide-survivor-is-living-the-american-dream/ Abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside mu Rwanda baributsa amahano] iminota 60 igice cya mbere cyatangajwe ku ya 3 Ukuboza 2006, kandi kivugururwa ku ya 28 Kamena 2007. Igice cya transcript na videwo (12:57). * ''Ku kibazo: Uwarokotse u Rwanda'' ( [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000616/http://www.wtvp.org/programming/ai/videoplayerwm.ai.2011.asp Windows Media], [https://web.archive.org/web/20110927000624/http://www.wtvp.org/programming/ai/videoplayerqt.ai.2011.asp Byihuse] ). Ikiganiro cya Immaculee Ilibagiza ku ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20150730201530/http://wtvp.org/programming/ai/atissue.07.08.asp kibazo] Archived'' </link> , igice # 2011, 22 Ugushyingo 2007, (26:47); yakozwe na sitasiyo ya PBS WTVP muri Peoria, Illinois . [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] ldts3x2u4b2abq2nxrqlpvzym29yfxn 0 18206 140570 140109 2026-09-30T09:30:35Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140570 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Kigali2018Cropped.jpg|thumb|nkubana numunyarwandakazi wavukiye mumujyi wa kigali]] '''Janet Nkubana''' ni umunyarwandakazi uboha ibiseke. Azwiho akazi ko guhuza imbaraga z’abagore mu Rwanda mu gukora ibiseke bigurishwa muri Amerika. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == [[Dosiye:IBISEKE.jpg|thumb|Ibiseke]] Nkubana yakuriye mu nkambi y'impunzi muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]] kubera [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda]]. Yabanje guhura no kuboha uduseke mu nkambi y'impunzi, yitegereza nyina n'abandi bagore bakora ibiseke. <ref name=":0" /> Amaze gukura, Nkubana na mushiki we Joy Ndungutse bayoboye resitora mu murwa mukuru wa Uganda, Kampala. <ref name=":0" /> Nkubana yahise ayobora hoteri mu murwa mukuru w'u Rwanda, [[Kigali]]. <ref name=":0" /> Nkubana yari afite amateka mu buhanzi kandi yibuka kubona nyina n'abandi bagore bo mu gace atuyemo akiri muto. <ref name=":0" /> [[Dosiye:Ibiseke.jpg|thumb|Nkubana aboha ibiseke]] == Umwuga == Nkubana Janet ni we washinze isosiyete yitwa " Gahaya Links " hamwe na mushiki we Ndungutse Joy. Isosiyete yashinzwe mu 2003 kandi yashinzwe mu 2004. Bakoresheje abagore bari abapfakazi mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. <ref name="Young 2006 d976">{{Cite web |last=Young |first=Robb |date=2006-02-23 |title=African artisans with global designs |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/23/style/african-artisans-with-global-designs.html?searchResultPosition=1 |access-date=2024-03-30 |website=The New York Times}}</ref> Yatangiye kugurisha ibyo biseke ku masoko ya fla maze atangira kubyohereza muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]], [[Kenya]], [[Tanzaniya]], na Amerika. Gahaya Links yafatanije na EDImports gukora ibitebo kumasoko ya USA. Mu 2004 Gahaya Links yakoze ibitebo 12,000 kumasoko yo muri Amerika kandi igurishwa ryarenze 50.000 by'amadorale. <ref name=":1" /> Muri 2005 " Gahaya Links " yahujwe na Willa Shalit kugirango habe ubufatanye nububiko bwa Macy's . Kohereza ibicuruzwa bya mbere byagurishijwe mugihe kitarenze ukwezi mububiko bwa Macy. <ref name=":1" /> Kugeza mu 2012, Nkubana yakoresheje abagore barenga 4000 bakora mu gukora ibiseke. Bamwe bita ibiseke byakozwe nisosiyete ya Nkubana 'ibitebo byamahoro' kubera ko abagore bakora ibiseke bakomoka mumiryango yarwanaga muri jenoside yo mu 1994. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ellis |first=Jessica |last2=Lillian |first2=Leposo |date=2012-06-19 |title=Rwandan basketmakers weave their way into Macy's |url=https://www.cnn.com/2012/06/19/world/africa/rwanda-women-peace-baskets/index.html |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> == Ibihembo n'icyubahiro == Muri 2008, Nkubana yasangiye igihembo cya Afurika cyo kuba yarafashije kugirango inzara ishire hamwena Faiza Jama Mohamed. <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=2008-10-30 |title=Award is for all Rwandans – laureate winner |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/12784/National/award-is-for-all-rwandans-a-laureate-winner |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> Yaboye igihembo cya Afurika muri 2008. == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] f9nezbsrjdlr66i2w94tgwa6v5i7o8u 0 18803 140571 133183 2026-09-30T09:30:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140571 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:This picture indicates the vintage car in kigali Rwanda.jpg|thumb|[[Dosiye:Air Rwanda Boeing 707 Proctor.jpg|thumb|air Rwanda at ( Kanombe)]]Kigali yo hamber]] Ibikurikira n'igihe cy'amateka yumujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]] . == Ikinyejana cya 20 == * 1907 - Kigali founded by Europeans in German [[East African Christian College|East Africa]] when German Richard Kandt " sets up an administrative residence . * 1913 - Catholic [[Kiriziya y'umuryango mutagatifu|Sainte-Famille Church]] built. * 1919 ** Belgians in power. ** Commissaire Royal du Gouvernement Belge headquartered in Kigali. * 1922 - Kigali becomes part of Belgian colonial [[Rwanda-Urundi|Ruanda-Urundi]]. * 1959 - Population: 4,273 .<ref>{{Cite book|pages=140–161}}</ref> * 1962 ** Kigali becomes capital of independent Republic of Rwanda. ** Population: 6,000 . * [[Dosiye:KigaliAirportOld.jpg|thumb|Kigali airport old]]1964 - [[Banki Nkuru y'u Rwanda|National Bank of Rwanda]] headquartered in city.<ref name="Europa2004" /> * 1966 - [[Banki ya Kigali|Bank of Kigali]] established. * 1970 - Population: 54,403 (estimate).<ref>{{Cite book|pages=225–252}}</ref> * 1973 - [[Hôtel des Mille Collines]] in business. * 1975 ** [[Lycée de Kigali]] (school) opens. ** Francois Karera becomes mayor. * 1976 - [[Arikidiyosezi Gatolika ya Kigali|Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Kigali]] established;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Rwanda |url=http://www.katolsk.no/organisasjon/verden/chronology/rwanda |access-date=14 October 2017 |publisher=[[Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo]] |location=Norway}}</ref> [[Vincent Nsengiyumva]] becomes archbishop. * 1977 - Regional organization to develop [[Umugezi wa Kagera|Kagera River]] headquartered in Kigali. * 1978 - Population: 116,227.<ref>{{Cite book|pages=262–321}}</ref> * 1980s - "Smelting plant" begins operating. * 1986 - [[Stade Amahoro|Amahoro Stadium]] opens. * 1990 ** September: Catholic pope visits Kigali. ** Tharcisse Renzaho becomes governor of Kigali prefecture.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICD - Renzaho - Asser Institute |url=https://www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org/Case/126/Renzaho/ |access-date=2022-05-13 |website=www.internationalcrimesdatabase.org}}</ref> * 1991 - Population: 234,274 city;<ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2000.htm |website=Demographic Yearbook 2000 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]}}</ref> 921,050 [[Intara z’u Rwanda|prefecture]]. * 1993 - [[Umuryango w’Abibumye|United Nations]] Assistance Mission for Rwanda headquartered in Kigali. * 1994 ** 6 April: Presidents of Rwanda and [[Uburundi|Burundi]] assassinated. ** 7 April: Massacre at Jesuit Centre Christus occurs at the start of the [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Rwandan genocide]]. ** 9 April: Gikondo massacre occurs. ** 23 May: "[[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|RPF]] army captures the Kigali Airport." ** 4 July: The Rwandan Patriotic Army takes Kigali. * 1995 ** ''[[The New Times (Rwanda)|New Times]]'' newspaper begins publication. * 1996 ** Kigali Independent University founded. ** becomes Catholic archbishop. == Ikinyejana cya 21 == [[Dosiye:Kigali_30.17752E_1.97396S.jpg|right|thumb| Satelite ireba Kigali, ahagana mu 2005]] [[Dosiye:CentralKigali.jpg|right|thumb| Umuhanda, Kigali, 2006]] [[Dosiye:Kigali.jpg|right|thumb| Reba Kigali, 2015]] * 2002 - Abaturage: 603.049. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table08.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710195658/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2009-2010/Table08.pdf |archive-date=2012-07-10 |website=Demographic Yearbook 2010 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]]}}</ref> * 2003 - Urubuga rwa ''Kigalicity.gov.rw'' rwashyizwe ahagaragara . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kigalicity.gov.rw |url=http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030610202235/http://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/ |archive-date=10 June 2003 |publisher=City of Kigali |language=fr}}</ref> * 2004 - [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Ikigo cy'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside cya Kigali]] cyafunguwe. [2] * 2005 - Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe ibarurishamibare mu Rwanda gifite icyicaro mu mujyi. * 2006 ** [[Aisa Kirabo Kacyira]] aba umuyobozi ** [[Inzu Ndangamurage ya Richard Kandt|Inzu ndangamurage yamateka ya Kandt]] yashinzwe. ** Bimwe muri Kigali-Ngali bihinduka Umujyi wa Kigali. * 2007 - Umujyi wimyaka ijana. * 2008 - [[Rwanda Over The Counter Exchange|u Rwanda hejuru yo guhanahana amakuru]] rwashyizweho. * 2010 - Hashyizweho akarere kihariye k'ubukungu ka Kigali. * 2011 ** Gashyantare: Fidèle Ndayisaba yabaye umuyobozi. ** [[Kigali City Tower|Umujyi wa Kigali]] wubatswe. <ref name="Emporis">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Kigali |url=https://www.emporis.com/city/100108/kigali-rwanda/status/all-buildings |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015044646/https://www.emporis.com/city/100108/kigali-rwanda/status/all-buildings |archive-date=October 15, 2017 |access-date=14 October 2017 |website=[[Emporis.com]] |publisher=Emporis GmbH |location=Hamburg}}</ref> ** [[Isoko ry’Imari n’Imigabane|Isoko ry'imigabane mu Rwanda]] rifite icyicaro mu mujyi. * 2012 - Abaturage: 1.132.686. * 2013 - Umujyi wa Kigali Igishushanyo mbonera cyashyizweho. [23] * 2014 - Gicurasi: [[Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere|Banki Nyafurika itsura amajyambere]] i Kigali. [https://www.afdb.org/en/annual-meetings-2014/] * 2015 ** Umujyi wa Kigali Town Hall yubatswe. ** Inyubako ya Makuza yubatswe (itariki igereranijwe). <ref name="star2016" /> * 2016 ** Mutarama - Gashyantare: Igice cya Shampiyona y’ibihugu bya Afurika 2016 (umupira wamaguru) cyakinwe i Kigali. ** Gashyantare: Amatora y’ibanze yabaye; Monique Mukaruliza aba umuyobozi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ministry of Local Government |title=Mayors Contacts |url=http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/fileadmin/documents/MAYORS1.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171015101903/http://www.minaloc.gov.rw/fileadmin/documents/MAYORS1.pdf |archive-date=15 October 2017 |publisher=Republic of Rwanda}}</ref> ** Ukwakira: Amasezerano mpuzamahanga y’ibidukikije yashyizweho umukono i Kigali. ** [[Kigali Convention Centre|Ikigo cya Kigali]] cyubatswe. * 2017 - Gashyantare: Pascal Nyamulinda yabaye umuyobozi.   == Reba kandi == * [[Kigali|Amateka ya Kigali]] * Urutonde rwabayobozi ba Kigali * Ikurikiranyabihe rya Jenoside yo mu Rwanda, 1994 * Igihe cyamateka yu Rwanda == Reba == {{Reflist|30em}} == Bibiliografiya ==   == Ihuza ryo hanze == * {{Cite web |date=4 February 2014 |title=Kigali City, Rwanda |url=http://www.blackpast.org/gah/kigali-city-rwanda-1907 |website=[[BlackPast.org]] |location=United States}} * {{Cite web |title=(Kigali) |url=https://www.europeana.eu/portal/en/search?q=Kigali |via=[[Europeana]]}} (Images, etc.) * {{Cite web |title=(Kigali) |url=http://dp.la/search?page_size=100&q=Kigali&utf8=✓ |via=[[Digital Public Library of America]]}} (Images, etc.) * {{Cite web |date=15 January 2019 |title=(Kigali) |url=http://www.ilissafrica.de/en/vk/?k0=title&v0=Kigali&c=UBFfm631&c=GIGA_swb&c=ascLeiden&c=NAI&c=IFEAS&c=ilissOLC&c=AiLiSs&c=base&c=dkg |website=[[Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa]] |publisher=[[Frankfurt University Library]] |location=Germany}} (Bibliography) * {{Cite web |title=(Kigali) |url=http://doaj.org/search?source=%7B%22query%22%3A%7B%22query_string%22%3A%7B%22query%22%3A%22Kigali%22%2C%22default_field%22%3A%22bibjson.title%22%2C%22default_operator%22%3A%22AND%22%7D%7D%2C%22sort%22%3A%5B%7B%22bibjson.year.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22bibjson.month.exact%22%3A%7B%22order%22%3A%22desc%22%7D%7D%5D%2C%22from%22%3A0%2C%22size%22%3A100%7D |website=[[Directory of Open Access Journals]] |location=UK}} (Bibliography of [[Fungura kwinjira|open access]] articles) * {{Cite web |title=(Kigali) |url=http://www.connecting-africa.net/query_2.php?F9=0&S0=Kigali&F0=0 |website=Connecting-Africa |publisher=[[Afrika-Studiecentrum, Leiden|African Studies Centre]] |location=Leiden, Netherlands}} (Bibliography) * {{Cite web |title=(Kigali) |url=http://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Kigali |website=[[AfricaBib.org]] |access-date=2024-06-26 |archive-date=2024-06-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240626122000/https://www.africabib.org/query_a.php?ti=Kigali |url-status=dead }} (Bibliography) [[Ikiciro:Amateka y’u Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Kigali]] ef2h3jo2t5snl98s2q73amv5pkhx25d 0 19352 140572 139186 2026-09-30T09:30:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140572 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kabera Eric''' ( yavutse muri 1970 ) ni umunyamakuru [[Rwanda|wo mu Rwanda]] akaba n'umukinnyi wa filimi akaba ari na we washinze ikigo cya Sinema mu Rwanda. == Ubuzima bwambere nakazi == Eric Kabera, [[Rwanda|Umunyarwanda]], yavukiye muri Zayire, ubu ni [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] ( DRC ) . <ref name="CNN">[http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0604/08/i_if.01.html "Rwandan Genocide: 12 Years Later"], [[CNN]], April 8, 2006. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> N'ubwo yari atuye muri RDC igihe [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|itsembabwoko ryo mu Rwanda ryibasiye abatutsi]] ryatangiraga muri Mata 1994, Kabera yavuze ko abo mu muryango we babaga mu Rwanda icyo gihe, 32 muri bo bapfira mu ihohoterwa. <ref name="CNN" /> Ibi byamuteye inkunga yo gukora filime yerekanwe mu 2001 ivuga kuri jenoside yiswe ''[[100 Days (2001 film)|Iminsi 100]]'' na documentaire yo mu 2004 yiswe ''Abashinzwe kwibuka'', aho yabajije abahohotewe ndetse n’abakoze ayo mahano. <ref name="CNN" /> <ref name="INDEP">Bloomfield, Steve. [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/welcome-to-hillywood-how-rwandas-film-industry-emerged-from-genocides-shadow-463541.html "Welcome to Hillywood: how Rwanda's film industry emerged from genocide's shadow"], ''[[The Independent]]'', August 30, 2007. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> ''Iminsi 100'', Kabera yakoze ku bufatanye n’umukinnyi w’amafirime w’[[Ubwongereza]] Nick Hughes, ni yo filime ya mbere yafatiwe mu Rwanda nyuma y’itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ryakorewe abatutsi mu 1994, kandi ni na filime ya mbere yerekanwe kuri jenoside mbere ya ''[[Hotel Rwanda]]''. <ref name="INDEP"/> <ref name="ALL">Kisambira, Timothy. [http://allafrica.com/stories/200804071400.html Rwanda: The Golden Experience of the Silver Screen], [[AllAfrica.com]], April 6, 2008. Accessed February 26, 2009.</ref> Iyi filime ntiyakoresheje abakinnyi babigize umwuga, ahubwo abakora amafilime bifashishije abarokotse [[Abatutsi|n’abatutsi]] n’[[abahutu]] kugira ngo bakore iyo nyandiko, kandi yarasiwe ahantu nyaburanga aho ibikorwa bya jenoside byabereye. <ref name="INDEP" /> Abakinnyi bakinnye ni Eric Bridges Twahirwa, Cleophas Kabasita, Davis Kagenza, Mazimpaka Kennedy, Davis Kwizera, David Mulwa, Didier Ndengeyintwali, Denis Nsanzamahoro, na Justin Rusandazangabo. <ref>{{Cite web |title=100 Days |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0315100/ |website=[[IMDb]]}}</ref> == Ibikorwa nyuma == == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 90%;" !Umwaka ! Filime ! Inguzanyo |- | 2001 | ''[[100 Days (2001 film)|Iminsi 100]]'' | Produce |- | 2004 | ''Abazigama'' | Umwanditsi, umuyobozi, producer |- | 2008 | ''Iseta: Inyuma ya bariyeri'' | Umufatanyabikorwa |- | 2009 | ''Bike ya Alphonse'' | Producer, umuyobozi, umwanditsi |- | 2010 | ''Afurika Yunze ubumwe'' | Produce |- | 2014 | ''Intore'' | Produce, umuyobozi, hamwe nuwanditse |- | 2018–2019 | ''Karani Ngufu'' | Umuyobozi mukuru |} == Reba == {{Reflist|30}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Eric Kabera at IMDb * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201021051334/https://www.linkerickabera.com/ Official website] Archived 2020-10-21 at the Wayback Machine * [http://telechargement.rfi.fr.edgesuite.net/rfi/anglais/audio/modules/actuen/R111/FESPACOWRAPRWANDA.mp3/ Interview with Kabera on Behind the Roadblock]  for Radio France Internationale [[Ikiciro:Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] fvxqmx34k4dxnsvv6egmsq11tpuhnu6 0 19353 140573 117677 2026-09-30T09:30:41Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140573 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Dushimirimana''' '''Thierry''' ni umufotozi wu mu Rwanda nndetse n'umukinnyi wa filime. == Amashusho == * Muri ''ibaruwa y'urukundo yandikiye igihugu cyanjye'' 2006, uwacitse ku icumu [[Abatutsi|w'Abatutsi]] yakundanye n'Umuhutu wo mu muryango wagize uruhare muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda yakorewe Abatutsi]] . Iyi filime yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya filime mpuzamahanga, harimo iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tribeca mu mujyi wa New York mu 2011. <ref>[https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/magazine/Rwanda-through-Eric-Kabera-s-lens/434746-2709370-g1kgllz/index.html Rwanda through Eric Kabera’s lens], ''The East African'', May 8, 2015.</ref> Yakoranye na [[Eric Kabera]], akorana na we nk'umukinnyi wa sinema kuri filime ''Iseta ya Juan Reina yo mu 2010 - inyuma ya bariyeri'', yakurikiye umunyamakuru w’umwongereza Nick Hughes agaruka kugira ngo amenye byinshi ku bwicanyi yari yafotoye i [[Kigali]] (Gikondo) mu 1994. * ''Une Lettre d'amour à mon yishura'' [Ibaruwa y'urukundo yandikiwe igihugu cyanjye], 2006. 36 min. Umuyobozi . * ''Iseta: Inyuma ya bariyeri'', 2010, dir. Juan Reina. Umukinnyi wa sinema. * ''Kilometero 6954 Murugo / 6954 kilometriä kotiin'', 2013, dir. Juan Reina. Umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro . == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] omy87fa2zrsl7uelgrqhk52qyjy1y1t 0 19372 140574 122375 2026-09-30T09:30:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140574 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kizito Mihigo''' yavutse 25 Nyakanga 1981 - 17 Gashyantare [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|2020]] Kizito yari umuntu uharanira inyungu witangiye ubuzima bwe gukiza roho bagenzi be barokotse itsembabwoko no kubaka ubumwe n'ubwiyunge mu Rwanda . Dukurikije amagambo ya Kisito, yasohotse kuri Kizitomihigo.com, yagize ati : Intego y'ibikorwa byanjye ni uguhumuriza no gushimangira imitima yakomeretse, kuririmba amahoro n'imbabazi . Ibikorwa bye bihebuje mu gukiza no kubaka amahoro byatangiye mu mwaka wa 2010 ubwo yashingaga Fondasiyo y’amahoro ya Kizito Mihigo , <ref name="Portrait de Kizito Mihigo">{{Cite web |date=16 July 2014 |title=Portrait de Kizito Mihigo, un chanteur qui risque la prison à vie |url=http://www.afriquinfos.com/2014/07/16/rwanda-portrait-kizito-mihigo-chanteur-risque-prison-259780.php |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161005155840/http://www.afriquinfos.com/2014/07/16/rwanda-portrait-kizito-mihigo-chanteur-risque-prison-259780.php |archive-date=5 October 2016 |access-date=4 October 2016 |website=Afrique Infos |language=Fr}}</ref> umuryango udaharanira inyungu witangiye umurimo we . <ref>{{Cite web |title=Home |url=https://kizitomihigo.com/home-1 |access-date=18 February 2020 |website=Kizito Mihigo |archive-date=18 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218101547/https://kizitomihigo.com/home-1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Muri Mata 2014, nyuma yo gusohora indirimbo ikomeye yamaganaga inkuru ku mugaragaro ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]], Mihigo yarafashwe ashinjwa umugambi wo kwirukana guverinoma. <ref name="chorB">{{Cite web |date=11 December 2014 |title=Dissident ‘choirboy’: Rwandan gospel star on trial |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/12/11/rwanda-gospel-singerontrial.html |publisher=[[Al Jazeera English|Al Jazeera]]}}</ref> Muri Gashyantare 2015 , yakatiwe 10 imyaka y'igifungo nyuma yo guhamwa n'icyaha cyo gucura umugambi wa guverinoma ya Perezida [[Paul Kagame]] . <ref name="Kizito Mihigo condamné à 10 ans de prison">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2015 |title=Le chanteur rwandais Kizito Mihigo condamné à 10 ans de prison |url=http://www.france24.com/fr/20150228-rwanda-chanteur-populaire-kizito-mihigo-condamne-a-10-ans-prison-genocide-tutsi-hutu-kagame/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923055936/http://www.france24.com/fr/20150228-rwanda-chanteur-populaire-kizito-mihigo-condamne-a-10-ans-prison-genocide-tutsi-hutu-kagame/ |archive-date=23 September 2015 |access-date=22 May 2015 |publisher=[[France 24]] |language=Fr}}</ref> N'ubwo yari yarekuwe muri gereza ya Mageragere ku bw'ubuntu bwa perezida muri Nzeri 2018, <ref name="release">{{Cite web |date=15 May 2018 |title=Kizito Mihigo, Victoire Ingabire get presidential pardon |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/kizito-mihigo-victoire-ingabire-get-presidential-pardon |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Mihigo yongeye gufatwa ku ya 13 Gashyantare 2020 , apfa afunzwe ku ya 17 Gashyantare , <ref>{{Cite web |last=Kemigihsa |first=Ritah |date=17 February 2020 |title=Detained Rwandan musician dies in police cell |url=http://www.kfm.co.ug/news/detained-rwandan-musician-dies-in-police-cell.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200218222504/http://www.kfm.co.ug/news/detained-rwandan-musician-dies-in-police-cell.html |archive-date=18 February 2020 |access-date=19 February 2020 |website=kfm.co.ug}}</ref> mu bihe biteye amakenga . == Ubuzima bwambere nuburere == Kizito Mihigo yavutse ku ya 25 Nyakanga 1981 i Kibeho, mu karere [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|ka Nyuguru]], mu cyahoze ari Intara ya Gikongoro ubu ni [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] mu [[Rwanda]] . Yabaye umwana wa gatatu mu bana batandatu bavutse kuri Augustin Buguzi na Placidie Ilibagiza. <ref name="Kizito Mihigo using music">{{Cite web |date=3 October 2012 |title=Kizito Mihigo using music to spread peace in society |url=http://www.independent.co.ug/rwanda-ed/rwanda/6524-peace-messenger |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518082613/http://www.independent.co.ug/rwanda-ed/rwanda/6524-peace-messenger |archive-date=18 May 2015 |website=The Independent}}</ref> <ref name="perpet">{{Cite web |date=10 April 2014 |title=Kizito Mihigo Urges Artistes to Promote Peace Through Music |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2014-04-10/74505/ |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|The New Times]]}}</ref> Afite imyaka 9, yatangiye guhimba indirimbo. Nyuma yimyaka itanu, ubwo yigaga mumashuri yisumbuye kuri Petit Seminaire de [[Butare]], yabaye umuhanga mu bya liturujiya uzwi cyane akaba n'uwahimbye [[Kiriziya Gatorika mu Rwanda|kiliziya gatolika mu Rwanda]] . <ref name="Kizito uses music">{{Cite web |date=20 November 2012 |title=Kizito uses music to promote peace, reconciliation |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2012-11-20/59903/ |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|New Times]]}}</ref> Muri 1994, Mihigo yari impfubyi muri jenoside yo mu Rwanda. Yahungiye mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] ahahurira n'abagize umuryango we barokotse, maze agerageza kunanirwa kwinjira mu gisirikare cyo mu Rwanda Patriotique (RPA) kugira ngo ahorere umuryango we. <ref name="How l overcame">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2011 |title=How l overcame desire for revenge – Kizito Mihigo |url=http://www.newtimes.co.rw/section/article/2011-04-25/30516/ |website=[[The New Times (Rwanda)|New Times]]}}</ref> <ref name="GENOCIDE AU RWANDA">{{Cite web |date=4 May 2007 |title=Génocide au Rwanda, 13 ans après.Témoignage du rescapé Kizito Mihigo: Croire en Dieu après le génocide |url=http://www.alterinfo.net/GENOCIDE-AU-RWANDA-13-ans-apres-Temoignage-du-rescape-KIZITO-MIHIGO-CROIRE-EN-DIEU-APRES-LE-GENOCIDE_a8443.html |website=Alter Info |language=Fr}}</ref> Muri Nyakanga 1994, Mihigo yasubiye mu Rwanda. Amashuri yisumbuye, yiyandikishije mu iseminari kugira ngo abe umupadiri, kandi binyuze mu muziki no mu kwizera kwa gikristo, yashoboye kubabarira abishe se. <ref name="Kizito uses music"/> <ref name="How l overcame" /> <ref name="GENOCIDE AU RWANDA" /> == Umucuranzi == Mu 2001, yitabiriye amarushanwa yo guhimbaza [[Rwanda Nziza|indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] nyuma aza guhabwa buruse ya perezida yo kwiga muri Conservatoire de [[Paris]] ku nkunga y'amafaranga Perezida w'u Rwanda [[Paul Kagame]] . <ref name="colette-braeckman">{{Cite web |date=25 April 2014 |title=Kizito Mihigo, chanteur vedette et accusé en aveux |url=http://blog.lesoir.be/colette-braeckman/2014/04/25/kizito-mihigo-chanteur-vedette-et-accuse-en-aveux/ |website=[[Le soir]] |language=Fr}}</ref> <ref name="Quatre personnes">{{Cite web |date=16 April 2014 |title=Rwanda: quatre personnes arrêtées, dont le chanteur Kizito Mihigo |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140416-rwanda-kagame-karegeya-kizito-mihigo-fdlr-rnc-fpr-attaque-police |publisher=[[Radio France internationale]] |language=Fr}}</ref> I Paris, Mihigo yize amasomo y'ingingo noguhimba iyobowe na Françoise Levechin-Gangloff . <ref name="françoise levechin">{{Cite web |date=9 June 2009 |title=Biographie de l'artiste rwandais Kizito Mihigo |url=http://rwandaises.com/2009/06/biographie-de-lartiste-rwandais-kizito-mihigo/ |website=Rwandaises.com |language=Fr |access-date=5 September 2024 |archive-date=29 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231029095158/https://rwandaises.com/2009/06/biographie-de-lartiste-rwandais-kizito-mihigo/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yatangiye umwuga we wa muzika mpuzamahanga mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] . == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Abatutsi]] [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] 82agefolld0w6cuwh4eo1j9dh2dk1wj 0 19402 140575 121944 2026-09-30T09:30:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140575 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Cornelius Nyungura''' ( yavutse ku ya 24 Werurwe 1977 ), <ref name="Official North American Corneille Website">{{Cite web |title=Official North American Corneille Website |url=http://www.corneille.ca |access-date=5 March 2009}}</ref> uzwi ku izina rya stage '''Corneille''', ni umuririmbyi wa R and B wo muri [[Kanada]]. Yavukiye mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] bw'Iburengerazuba ku babyeyi [[Rwanda|b'a Rwanda]] . Igihe kinini cy'ubwana bwe yamaze mu Rwanda, amaherezo yimukira i Quebec, muri Kanada, muri 1997. <ref name="fa">{{Cite web |last=Djenaidi |first=Oumelkheir |title=Corneille à la conquête du marché américain |url=http://www.france-amerique.com/articles/2008/12/19/print/corneille-je-ne-me-sens-plus-seul-au-monde.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924015134/http://www.france-amerique.com/articles/2008/12/19/print/corneille-je-ne-me-sens-plus-seul-au-monde.html |archive-date=24 September 2015 |access-date=13 August 2015 |website=france-amerique.com |publisher=France-Amerique}}</ref> Aririmba mu [[Igifaransa|Gifaransa]] [[Icyongereza|n'Icyongereza]]. Ibikorwa bye byamenyekanye cyane muzike y'abanyamerika numuziki w'ubugingo ; ndetse na Prince, Marvin Gaye . == Ubuzima bwo hambere == [[Corneille (singer)|Corneille]] yavukiye i Freiburg im Breisgau , mu Budage, nubwo ubuzima bwe bwose yabukoresheje mu Rwanda. Yavumbuye ishyaka rye muri muzika muri 1993, nuko yinjira mu itsinda rya R B , ryatsinze amarushanwa ya Découverte 1993. <ref name="fa"/> Ibi kandi byamumenyesheje kwandika indirimbo no guhimba umuziki . Icyakora, ubuzima bwe bwarahindutse nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] mu 1994. Se, Emile Nyungura, yari umuyobozi w’ishyaka rya politiki PSD yatekerezaga ko arwanya leta bityo akaba ari igitero; Corneille yiboneye iyicwa ry'ababyeyi be na barumuna be na bashiki be batatu afite imyaka 17. <ref>{{Cite web |date=18 November 2013 |title=Corneille a très envie de renouer avec le Rwanda |url=http://www.franceinfo.fr/emission/tout-et-son-contraire/2013-2014/corneille-tres-envie-de-renouer-avec-le-rwanda-11-18-2013-07-50 |access-date=13 August 2015 |website=franceinfo.fr |publisher=Radio France |archive-date=24 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924052712/http://www.franceinfo.fr/emission/tout-et-son-contraire/2013-2014/corneille-tres-envie-de-renouer-avec-le-rwanda-11-18-2013-07-50 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yahungiye mu Budage, aho <ref>{{Cite web |last=Ankeny |first=Jason |title=Biography: Corneille |url={{Allmusic|class=artist|id=p648209|pure_url=yes}} |access-date=4 May 2010 |publisher=Allmusic}}</ref> nshuti z'ababyeyi be bamujyanye. == Umwuga == Muri Nyakanga 1997, Corneille yahisemo kuva mu Budage kugira ngo akomeze amasomo mu itumanaho, maze yimukira i Montreal , muri Kanada, kugira ngo yige muri kaminuza ya Concordia . Muri kiriya gihe, yashinze one, itsinda R and B, hamwe na Pierre Gage na Gardy Martin, abo bahuye nyuma gato yo kugera i Québec. <ref name="fa"/> ''Zoukin'' , imwe mu ndirimbo z'itsinda ryanditswe na Corneille, yazamutse ku mwanya wa mbere mu gukina indege za Kanada. Hanyuma, mu ntangiriro za 2001, Corneille yavuye muri iryo tsinda, yifuza gukomeza umwuga wenyine. Yatangiye kwibanda ku ndirimbo ze kahise. <ref name="fa" /> Muri 2002, Corneille yakoze imishinga itandukanye. Yanditse kandi ahimba indirimbo Ce soir yo gukusanya ''Cocktail R and B 2'' ( Ghetto R&B, Sony Music ) na Si seulement on s'aimait ya ''Hip Hop Folies'' ( Sony Music ). Yatumiwe na Dave Stewart, yaririmbye mu imurikagurisha rye rya mbere ryabereye i Réservoir i [[Paris]], maze agira amahirwe yo kuririmbana na Jimmy Cliff . Muri Mutarama 2003, yatumiriwe kuzitabira nk'igikorwa cyo gufungura Cunnie Williams muri Olympia . <ref name="rfi">{{Cite web |title=Corneille |url=http://www.rfimusique.com/artiste/chanson/corneille/biographie |access-date=13 August 2015 |website=rfimusique.com |publisher=Radio France Internationale}}</ref> Album ya mbere ya Corneille, verisiyo yo muri Kanada ya ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'', yasohotse ku ya 10 Nzeri 2002. Inyandiko y’igifaransa yarimo ibihembo byinshi kuri disiki ya kabiri, yasohotse ku ya 20 Ukwakira 2003, ihita igenda neza. <ref name="rfi"/> Muri Mata 2003, Corneille yaririmbanye na Craig David, asubiramo umurongo mu gifaransa mu ndirimbo ''Rise and Fall'' . Yakoze urugendo rwe rwa mbere muri Gicurasi 2003, akinira amazu yuzuye i Paris, Marseille, Lyon na Bordeaux . Muri Werurwe 2005, uyu muhanzikazi yitabiriye igitaramo ''Africa Live'', cyateguwe mu rwego rwo kurwanya ( [[malariya]] ). <ref name="rfi" /> Bwari bwo bwa mbere agaruka ku mugabane w'iwabo kuva jenoside. Album ya kabiri ya Corneille ya ''Les marchands de rêves'', yasohotse mu Gushyingo 2005. <ref name="rfi" /> Corneille yakoranye na Croix Rouge yo muri Kanada mu rwego rwo gukangurira abana bazize intambara. <ref name="rfi" /> Yasohoye alubumu ye ya mbere yo mu Cyongereza, ''Ivuka rya Koruneliyo'', muri Nyakanga 2007. <ref name="fa"/> Mu mpera za 2014 yabaye umunywanyi mu gihembwe cya gatanu cya tereviziyo y’Ubufaransa TF1 ' ''Danse avec les Stars'' . Mu 2022 yatorewe kuba muri [https://www.maniemusicale.info/ Manie Musicale] maze atsinda irushanwa. <ref>{{Cite web |title=MANIE MUSICALE – 2022 Results Page |url=https://www.maniemusicale.info/2022-results-page |access-date=2 June 2022 |website=Manie Musicale |publisher=Google Pages |archive-date=9 August 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809140002/https://www.maniemusicale.info/2022-results-page |url-status=dead }}</ref> === Ibindi === Corneille yanditse indirimbo Il était temps kuri Virginie Pouchain nyuma yo kwemererwa guhagararira [[Ubufaransa]] mu marushanwa y'indirimbo za Eurovision 2006 . Indirimbo yarangije umwanya wa 22 kuri 24 barangije. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurofans 2012 : Virginie Pouchain au meeting de printemps |url=http://www.eurovision-fr.net/news/lire.php?id=1682 |access-date=13 August 2015 |website=eurovision-fr.net}}</ref> Muri 2014, yitabiriye igihembwe cya gatanu cya ''Danse avec les star'' - Igifaransa cyo ''kubyina hamwe na Stars'' . Yafatanije n'umubyinnyi wabigize umwuga Candice Pascal. Ku ya 8 Ugushyingo 2014, bakuweho barangiza ku mwanya wa 6 kuri 11 bahatanira. == Ubuzima bwite == Corneille yashakanye n'umunyamideli ukomoka muri Kanada akaba n'umukinnyi wa filime Sofia de Medeiros mu 2006; bafite umwana umwe. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Corneille et sa femme Sofia de Medeiros attendent leur premier enfant ! Cette fois, c'est officiel ! |url=http://www.purepeople.com/article/corneille-et-sa-femme-sofia-de-medeiros-attendent-leur-premier-enfant-cette-fois-c-est-officiel_a39009/1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150822152230/http://www.purepeople.com/article/corneille-et-sa-femme-sofia-de-medeiros-attendent-leur-premier-enfant-cette-fois-c-est-officiel_a39009/1 |archive-date=22 August 2015 |access-date=13 August 2015 |website=purepeople.com |publisher=Pure People/Webedia}}</ref> == Ibindi == === Filimi === '''Album za studio''' {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10"| Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200"| Filim ! colspan="4" align="center"| Imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40"| Ishimwe |- ! width="30"| <small>BEL<br />(Wa)</small><br /> ! width="30"| <small>FRA</small><br /> ! width="30"| <small>SWI</small><br /> ! width="30"| <small>QUE</small><br /> |- | align="center" |2002 | ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 4 | align="center" | 33 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | align="center" |2005 | ''Les marchands de rêves'' | align="center" | 6 | align="center" | 3 | align="center" | 34 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | align="center" |2007 | ''[[Ivuka rya Koruneliyo|The Birth of Corneillius]]'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 23 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | align="center" |2009 | ''Sans titre'' | align="center" | 47 | align="center" | 21 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | align="center" |2011 | ''Les inséparables'' | align="center" | 55 | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | align="center" |2013 | ''Entre nord et sud'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 46 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | align="center" |2019 | ''Parce qu'on aime'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | 58 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | align="center" |2022 | ''Encre Rose'' | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |- | colspan="7" align="center" style="font-size:9pt"| "—" denotes a title that did not chart, or was not released in that territory. |} {| class="wikitable" ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="10"| Umwaka ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="200"| Album ! colspan="3" align="center"| Imbonerahamwe ! rowspan="2" align="center" width="40"| Icyemezo |- ! width="30"| <small>BEL<br />(Wa)</small><br /><ref name="bel">[http://www.ultratop.be/fr/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille ultratop.be: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30"| <small>[[Ubufaransa|FRA]]</small><br /><ref name="lescharts">[http://lescharts.com/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Corneille LesCharts.com: Corneille discography]</ref> ! width="30"| <small>SWI</small><br /><ref name="swi">[http://hitparade.ch/showperson.asp?name=Corneille Hitparade.ch Corneille discography]</ref> |- | align="center" | 2005 | ''Baho''<br /><small>(alubumu ebyiri)</small> | align="center" | 10 | align="center" | 9 | align="center" | – | align="center" | – |} == Ibihembo == * 2005 NRJ Music Awards Video yumwaka kuri ''Parce qu'on vient de loin'' * 2005 Igihembo cya EBBA . == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Umuziki]] 1yvvmbqz8hets7j7splhaw8sbe3nnlg 0 19403 140576 125065 2026-09-30T09:30:47Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140576 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Jean-Paul Samputu''' ( yavutse ku ya 15 Werurwe 1962 ) ni umuririmbyi wo mu Rwanda, umwanditsi w'indirimbo, n'umucuranzi. Uwatsindiye igihembo cya Kora muri 2003, Samputu azenguruka isi nka ambasaderi w’umuco mu [[Rwanda]] . Yavukiye mu Rwanda muri 1962, Samputu yatangiye kuririmba muri 1977 muri korari y'itorero, kandi yayobowe n'umuziki gakondo ndetse n'uw'iki gihe, nka Stevie Wonder, Bob Marley, Jimmy Cliff, na Lionel Richie. Yageze muri Amerika muri 2004 mu myaka icumi Yibuka , igikorwa cyo kwibuka imyaka 10 [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda]] . Samputu aririmba mu ndimi esheshatu <ref>{{Cite web |title=Bantu languages {{!}} Definition, Characteristics, & Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/art/Bantu-languages |access-date=2023-03-04 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en}}</ref> ( [[Ikinyarwanda|Kinyarwanda]], Igiswahiri, Lingala, Ganda, [[Igifaransa]] [[Icyongereza|n'Icyongereza]] ) ndetse no mu buryo butandukanye kuva soukous, rhumba na reggae, kugeza mu Rwanda gakondo 5/8, Afrobeat, pygmy, na gospel. Ahuza imigenzo idasanzwe ya muzika ituruka mu turere twose two mu Rwanda, muri zo, Intwatwa, Umushayayo, Imparamba, na Ikinimba. == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Jean Paul Samputu yavutse ku ya 15 Werurwe 1962 i [[Butare]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]] . == Ibihembo n'icyubahiro == * Igihembo cya Kora ku bahanzi b'Abanyafurika Bizeza cyane, 2003 <ref>{{Cite web |date=7 December 2003 |title=2003 Kora All African Music Awards, Winners Announced |url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2003/12/07/2003-kora-all-african-music-awards-winners-announced/ |access-date=13 April 2018 |publisher=WorldMusicCentral.org |archive-date=30 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330212536/https://worldmusiccentral.org/2003/12/07/2003-kora-all-african-music-awards-winners-announced/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> * 2006 Amarushanwa mpuzamahanga yo kwandika indirimbo: uwatsindiye umwanya wa 1 muri muzika yisi ya Zaburi 150 <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 April 2007 |title=2006 International Songwriting Competition Winners Announced – Grand Prize Package Including $25,000 goes to Scott Leger |url=https://worldmusiccentral.org/2007/04/04/2006-international-songwriting-competition-winners-announced-grand-prize-package-including-25000-goes-to-scott-leger/ |access-date=13 April 2018 |publisher=WorldMusicCentral.org}}</ref> * Ihuriro ry’amadini n’amahanga mpuzamahanga y’amahoro ku isi: Ambasaderi w’amahoro, 2007 == Ibindi == === Album === {| class="wikitable" !Umwaka ! Umutwe |- | 1985 | Tegeka Isi |- | 1991 | Bahizi Beza |- | 2003 | Abaana |- | 2004 | Ubuhamya bwaturutse mu Rwanda |- | 2014 | Inzozi zo mu Rwanda (hamwe na Iain Stewart) <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 November 2014 |title=Rwandan genocide survivor releases album with Scot to mark conflict |url=http://news.stv.tv/scotland/298366-jean-paul-samputu-releases-album-with-iain-stewart-to-mark-rwandan-war/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304110803/http://news.stv.tv/scotland/298366-jean-paul-samputu-releases-album-with-iain-stewart-to-mark-rwandan-war/ |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=13 April 2018}}</ref> |- | 2015 | Urukundo gusa |- | 2016 | Amajwi yaturutse mu Rwanda |} == Reba == <references /> [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] biskg6smjg0fb2qydnjdckh1hvmj4r6 0 19417 140577 133621 2026-09-30T09:30:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140577 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Karekezi.jpg|thumb|Joël Karekezi]] '''Joël Karekezi''' ( yavutse ku ya 12 Ukuboza 1985 ) ni umwanditsi w’u Rwanda, umuyobozi wa firime akaba na produce wa firime. afite Filime ngufi ''Yitwa Pardon'', ivuga ku bwiyunge nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] yakorewe [[abatutsi]] mu 1994, yatsindiye igihembo cya Zahabu Impala mu iserukiramuco rya Filime Amakula ryabereye muri [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Imiterere yihariye yakozwe mu 2011, kandi yerekanwa mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Göteborg, nyuma no mu yandi maserukiramuco mpuzamahanga ya firime harimo iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya Seattle ( 2013 ), iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Chicago na FESPACO . == Ubuzima n'uburere == Karekezi yavukiye i [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]], mu Rwanda. Se yapfuye mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994, nyuma y'iki gikorwa yahungiye muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] ( DRC ) aho yasanze umwe mubyara be. <ref>{{Cite web |date=September 14, 2018 |title=Joël Karekezi • Director |url=https://cineuropa.org/en/interview/360320/ |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=Cineuropa}}</ref> Yize gufata amashusho muri Maisha Film Lab muri 2009; Afite impamyabumenyi mu bijyanye na filime iva mu ishuri ryo muri [[Kanada]] CineCours. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Joel Karekezi |url=http://www.neonrouge.com/en/joel-karekezi |access-date=March 2, 2019 |website=Neon Rouge Productions |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327222411/http://www.neonrouge.com/en/joel-karekezi |url-status=dead }}</ref> == Umwuga == Karekezi amaze kwitabira Laboratwari ya Maisha, yayoboye filime ye ngufi ''yitwa Pardon'', yatsindiye igihembo cya Zahabu Impala mu iserukiramuco rya Filime Amakula muri Uganda. Mu mwaka wa 2010 herekanywe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filime rya Durban, Amashusho Yerekana Iserukiramuco rya Filime ngufi muri [[Etiyopiya]], iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya sinema rya [[Kenya]], iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rya Zanzibar ndetse n’iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Afurika rya Silicon Valley muri Californiya, aho ryatsindiye Filime ngufi nziza igihembo. Karekezi yakoze verisiyo iranga, ''Imbabazi'', zishingiye ku nyuguti zimwe. Yakozwe ku ngengo yimari iciriritse muri [[Uganda]]. Muri 2013 Karekezi yakoraga kuri " Impuhwe z'ishyamba ", yerekanwe muri Fabrique des cinemas du Monde mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Cannes muri 2013. Inyandiko ya " Impuhwe z'ishyamba " yatsindiye igihembo cya CFI cyiza cya Audiovisual Award kubera umushinga w'amajwi wizewe cyane muri Durban FilmMart muri 2012. Izindi filime ze zirimo: ''Les jeunes à la poursuite du travail'', 2009; ''Abacitse ku icumu'', 2010; ''na Ntukazime Nararokotse'', 2010. == Ubuzima bwite == Karekezi azi neza [[igifaransa]]. == Amashusho == {| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;" ! rowspan="2" scope="col" |Umwaka ! rowspan="2" scope="col" | Umutwe ! colspan="3" | Yemerewe nka ! rowspan="2" | Inyandiko ! rowspan="2" class="unsortable" | Ref(s) |- class="unsortable" ! Umuyobozi ! Umwanditsi ! Produce |- | 2009 ! scope="row" | ''Imbabazi'' |yego | Filime ngufi | |- | 2013 ! scope="row" | ''Imbabazi: Imbabazi'' |yego |yego |- | 2018 ! scope="row" | ''Impuhwe z'ishyamba'' |yego |yego |- |} == Reba == {{Reflist|refs=<ref name=africa>[https://www.africafilms.tv/en/personnes/1010?PHPSESSID=9qjgumlotv57g7a9mctua35210 Biography and filmography of Joel Karakezi, Director (Rwanda)]. VOD AfricaFilms.tv. Accessed June 2014.</ref> <ref name=bio>[http://www.imbabazi.com/filmographies-biographies.php 1. Film Director, Writer & Producer]. imbabazi.com. Accessed June 2014.</ref> <ref name=newt>Joseph Njata (4 May 2013). [http://www.newtimes.co.rw/news/index.php?i=15347&a=66558 Karekezi invited to Seattle International Film Festival]. ''The New Times'' (Rwanda). Accessed June 2014.</ref>}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] susmxpw2a2p554gdp2reu2i4y682ek1 0 19420 140578 117863 2026-09-30T09:30:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140578 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kivu Ruhorahoza''' ni umuyobozi wa firime w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]], umwanditsi akaba na produce . Azwi ku rwego mpuzamahanga kubera filime yakinnye yitwa Gray Matter yatsindiye Jury idasanzwe ku bakinnyi ba Filime beza bakizamuka mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Tribeca 2011 ndetse na Jury Ecumenical Jury yavuzwe mu iserukiramuco rya sinema rya Warsaw 2011. Yatsindiye kandi igihembo kinini cy'Iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Tübingen mu Bufaransa, Umuyobozi mwiza na Signis Igihembo cy'Iserukiramuco rya Filimi rya Afurika rya Cordoba ndetse na Jury Igihembo cyihariye cy'Iserukiramuco [[Festival du Cinéma Africain de Khouribga|rya Filimi rya Khouribga]] muri Maroke. Kivu yavukiye i [[Kigali]] ku ya 6 Ukuboza 1982, yinjiye mu mwuga wa filime akora mu 2004 ari umufasha w’ibikorwa bya Eric Kabera, umuproducer w’u Rwanda . Yaje kuzamurwa mu ntera agirwa umuyobozi ushinzwe umusaruro, aho yajyaga afasha abakozi b'amakuru baza mu Rwanda kuva kuri BBC cyangwa CNN . Icyakora ishyaka rye ryari firime . Kivu Ruhorahoza yageze ku rubuga mpuzamahanga rwa firime muri 2007 hamwe na filime ye ya mbere ngufi ''Yiyemereye'' yatsindiye igihembo cy’Umujyi wa Venice mu iserukiramuco rya Filimi ry’Afurika, Aziya na Amerika y'Epfo kandi ryerekanwe mu iserukiramuco rya Filime rya Venice . Filime ye ya kabiri ''Yatakaye mu majyepfo'' (2008) yatsindiye Filime ngufi ya Afurika nziza mu iserukiramuco rya Vues D'Afrique i Montreal kandi yerekanwe mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya Filimi rya Rotterdam . == ''Icyatsi'' == Mu mwaka wa 2011, Kivu Ruhorahoza yazamuye umwuga we nyuma yo gushyira ahagaragara filime ye ya mbere ''yerekana imvi'', filime ivuga ku ihahamuka n’ubusazi nyuma ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda yo]] muri 1994 . Iyi filime yakorewe mu Rwanda mu bihe by’amafaranga adahungabana, ariko byagenze neza cyane maze ikomeza gukina mu iserukiramuco mpuzamahanga rya firime rizwi cyane nka Tribeca, Melbourne, Warsaw, Rotterdam, Dubai, Durban, Göteborg na Festival do Rio. == ''Ikintu cya Aimless Wanderer'' == Mu mwaka wa 2014 , Kivu yatangiye gukora amashusho ye ya kabiri ''Ibintu bya Aimless Wanderer'', filime ivuga ku ngingo ikomeye y’imibanire hagati y " abenegihugu " n’abanyaburengerazuba. Filime ivuga kuri paranoia, kutizerana no kutumvikana, film yafotowe rwose kuri Kamera ya Sinema ya BlackMagic , hamwe na bije ntoya hamwe nabakozi bose baho. Yatoranijwe kumugaragaro kugirango yerekanwe bwa mbere muri Sundance Film Festival muri gahunda nshya yumupaka. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] k3z9gdgedvgjyxqu6iyigj7ikai9mo4 0 19430 140579 117880 2026-09-30T09:30:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140579 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Dosiye:Ncuti Gatwa-65764.jpg|thumb|Mizero Ncuti Gatwa]] '''Mizero Ncuti Gatwa''' ( yavutse kamera 1992 ) yavukiye mu rwanda gusa ubu atuye mu byongereza akaba ri umukinnyi wa filimi. Yatangiye umyuga wa filimi mu mashuri ya Dundee repertory theatre aho yaje kubona umudari wa Lan chrleson muri 2014 . Icyerekezo cya Gatwa cyagezweho ubwo yakina ari umwangavu w’abahuje ibitsina witwa Eric Effiong muri televiziyo ya Netflix , yerekana ibiganiro ''byerekeranye n’igitsina'' ( 2019–2023 ), byamuhesheje igihembo cya BAFTA Scotland ndetse n’abahatanira ibihembo bitatu bya Televiziyo ya BAFTA . Yagize uruhare runini muri filime ''Barbie'' (2023) hamwe na televiziyo ''Masters of the Air'' (2024), maze arazamuka cyane agaragaza kwigira umuntu wa cumi na gatanu kwa Muganga mu kiganiro cya siyanse ya siyanse ya BBC baza ''Muganga'' ( 2023 - ubungubu ). == Ubuzima bwo hambere == Gatwa yavukiye i [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]], [[Kigali]], [[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]], ku ya 15 Ukwakira 1992.  i Se, ni Gatwa Tharcisse , ukomoka mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|karere ka Karongi]] mu Rwanda, ubu ni umunyamakuru. <ref>{{Cite journal|pages=347–363}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |date=4 February 2019 |title=Ncuti Gatwa, Umunyarwanda wihagazeho muri filime 'Sex Education' yaciye ibintu kuri Netflix |url=http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/ncuti-gatwa-umunyarwanda-wihagazeho-muri-filime-sex-education-yaciye-ibintu-kuri-netflix |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190719125526/http://isimbi.rw/sinema/article/ncuti-gatwa-umunyarwanda-wihagazeho-muri-filime-sex-education-yaciye-ibintu-kuri-netflix |archive-date=19 July 2019 |access-date=19 July 2019 |publisher=Isimbi.rw |language=Nyanja}}</ref> Uyu muryango wahunze u Rwanda mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] yakorewe [[abatutsi]] muri 1994 maze batura muri otcosse. <ref name="Scottish">{{Cite web |date=9 May 2022 |title=Black and Scottish — 'I thought I was the only black person in the world' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4bf7LlCc20QDcd2r0PYGC0c/black-and-scottish-i-thought-i-was-the-only-black-person-in-the-world |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220712235729/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/4bf7LlCc20QDcd2r0PYGC0c/black-and-scottish-i-thought-i-was-the-only-black-person-in-the-world |archive-date=12 July 2022 |access-date=8 August 2022 |website=BBC}}</ref> <ref name="TNS">{{Cite web |last=Jane McLeod |date=9 May 2022 |title=Who is Ncuti Gatwa? Meet the Rwandan-Scottish actor taking over as Doctor Who |url=https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509101549/https://www.thenational.scot/news/20124252.ncuti-gatwa-meet-rwandan-scottish-actor-taking-doctor/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=20 November 2022 |publisher=[[The National (Scotland)]]}}</ref> Babaga i Oxgangs muri Edinburgh, bimukira i Dunfermline afite imyaka 15. <ref name="Greenwood-2023">{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Douglas |date=8 November 2023 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Rising |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[British GQ]] |language=en-GB}}</ref> Gatwa yize mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Boroughmuir na Dunfermline High School mbere yo kwimukira i Glasgow kwiga muri Royal Conservatoire ya Scotland, arangiza afite impamyabumenyi y’ubuhanzi mu gukina mu 2013. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Ncuti Gatwa |url=https://www.dundeerep.co.uk/person/ncuti-gatwa |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022150135/https://dundeerep.co.uk/person/ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=22 October 2020 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Dundee Rep Theatre}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=BA Acting Showcase Class of 2013 |url=https://www.rcs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BA_Acting_Showcase_Brochure_2013.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190116050012/https://www.rcs.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/BA_Acting_Showcase_Brochure_2013.pdf |archive-date=16 January 2019 |access-date=15 January 2019 |publisher=Royal Conservatoire of Scotland}}</ref> Mugihe yiga, yakoraga muri club The Polo Lounge, atanga ibyuma hanyuma nyuma aba umubyinnyi . <ref name="Greenwood-2023" /> Conservatoire yamuhaye impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga y'icyubahiro mu cyiciro cyo gutanga impamyabumenyi 2022. == Umwuga == === 2013–2021: Akazi kambere kare niterambere hamwe nuburere ''bwimibonano mpuzabitsina'' === [[Dosiye:Ncuti_Gatwa,_Jan_2019_on_MTV_International_01.jpg|thumb| Gatwa muri 2019]] Amaze kurangiza amashuri, Gatwa yahawe umwanya muri Dundee Repertory Theatre gahunda yo gutanga impamyabumenyi aho yakinnye mu bitaramo byinshi harimo na ''Victoria'' wa David Greig . <ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2013 |title=Theatre review: Victoria, Dundee Rep |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508130941/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=The Scotsman |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Volpe |first=Allie |date=4 June 2020 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Nearly Quit Acting—Then He Booked 'Sex Education' |url=https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/ncuti-gatwa-sex-education-netflix-70843/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220509023238/https://www.backstage.com/magazine/article/ncuti-gatwa-sex-education-netflix-70843/ |archive-date=9 May 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |website=Backstage}}</ref> Muri iki gihe, Gatwa yagabweho igitero n'abantu batatu batazi mu muhanda bavunika urwasaya; ibi byakosowe hamwe na titanium. <ref name="Greenwood-2023">{{Cite web |last=Greenwood |first=Douglas |date=8 November 2023 |title=Ncuti Gatwa Rising |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 |access-date=8 November 2023 |website=[[British GQ]] |language=en-GB}}<cite class="citation web cs1" data-ve-ignore="true" id="CITEREFGreenwood2023">Greenwood, Douglas (8 November 2023). [https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/ncuti-gatwa-interview-2023 "Ncuti Gatwa Rising"]. ''[[GQ yo mu Bwongereza|British GQ]]''<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2023</span>.</cite></ref> Yagize uruhare rugufi muri sitcom ''ya Bob Servant'' 2014, nayo yashyizweho kandi ikorerwa amashusho muri Dundee. <ref name="BBCBobServant">{{Cite web |title=BBC One – Bob Servant, Series 2, The Van |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04tmjcd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210607002649/https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b04tmjcd |archive-date=7 June 2021 |access-date=6 June 2021 |publisher=BBC |language=en-GB}}</ref> Muri 2014, Gatwa yahawe igihembo muri Ian Charleson Awards kubera ibikorwa bye bya Mercutio 2014 i ''Romeo na Juliet'' i Home, Manchester . === Icyiciro === {| class="wikitable plain sortable" ! scope="col" |Year ! scope="col" |Umutwe ! scope="col" |Umwanya yakinaga !aho byabereye ! class="unsortable" scope="col" |{{Abbr|Ref.|References}} |- | rowspan="3" |2013 |''Victoria'' |Gavin/Callum/Patrick | rowspan="5" |Dundee Rep | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 September 2013 |title=Theatre review: Victoria, Dundee Rep |url=https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508130941/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/theatre-and-stage/theatre-review-victoria-dundee-rep-1561945 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Hecuba'' |Polydorus | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=21 October 2013 |title=Hecuba Dundee Rep |url=https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13128158.hecuba-dundee-rep/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220521100244/https://www.heraldscotland.com/life_style/arts_ents/13128158.hecuba-dundee-rep/ |archive-date=21 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''The BFG'' |Sam/Head of Army/Childchewer | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The BFG |url=https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/kids-show/the-bfg/L3693324/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124626/https://www.uktw.co.uk/archive/kids-show/the-bfg/L3693324/ |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- | rowspan="4" |2014 |''And Then There Were None'' |Anthony James Marston | style="text-align: center;" | |- |''Cars and Boys'' |Robert | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 April 2014 |title=Cars and Boys review – A dreamlike play that never ceases to grip |url=https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/22/cars-and-boys-review-dundee-rep-theatre |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2014/apr/22/cars-and-boys-review-dundee-rep-theatre |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=[[TheGuardian.com]]}}</ref> |- |''Woman in Mind'' |Tony |Dundee Rep / Birmingham Rep | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photo Flash: First Look at Birmingham Repertory Theatre's WOMAN IN MIND, Opening Tonight |url=https://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Photo-Flash-First-Look-at-Birmingham-Repertory-Theatres-WOMAN-IN-MIND-Opening-Tonight-20140617 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092410/https://www.broadwayworld.com/uk-regional/article/Photo-Flash-First-Look-at-Birmingham-Repertory-Theatres-WOMAN-IN-MIND-Opening-Tonight-20140617 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Romeo &amp;amp; Juliet'' |Mercutio |HOME | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=18 September 2014 |title=Review: Romeo & Juliet @ Victoria Baths |url=https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/review-romeo--juliet--7790584 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/arts-culture-news/review-romeo--juliet--7790584 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- | rowspan="2" |2015 |''Shakespeare in Love'' |Wabash |Noël Coward Theatre | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Cast to Take Over in West End's Shakespeare in Love |url=https://playbill.com/article/new-cast-to-take-over-in-west-ends-shakespeare-in-love-com-336716 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://playbill.com/article/new-cast-to-take-over-in-west-ends-shakespeare-in-love-com-336716 |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |''Lines'' |Valentine |The Yard Theatre | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lines Review, Yard Theatre |url=https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/theatre/preview/5417 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124630/https://www.culturewhisper.com/r/theatre/preview/5417 |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2015–2017 |''946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips'' |Adolphus | rowspan="2" |Shakespeare's Globe | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 December 2016 |title='946: The Amazing Story of Adolphus Tips' at Berkeley Rep |url=https://www.berkeleyside.org/2016/12/12/946-the-amazing-story-of-adolphus-tips-at-berkeley-rep |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220523141608/https://www.berkeleyside.org/2016/12/12/946-the-amazing-story-of-adolphus-tips-at-berkeley-rep |archive-date=23 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2016 |''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' |Demetrius | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=SHAKESPEARE, W.: Midsummer Night's Dream (A) (Shakespeare's Globe, 2016) (NTSC) |url=https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=OA1183D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220515092408/https://www.naxos.com/catalogue/item.asp?item_code=OA1183D |archive-date=15 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2017 |''Trouble in Mind'' |John Nevins |Print Room at the Coronet | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 September 2017 |title=Trouble in Mind, The Print Room review – Tanya Moodie is a treat to watch |url=https://theartsdesk.com/theatre/trouble-mind-print-room-review-tanya-moodie-treat-watch |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012124625/https://theartsdesk.com/theatre/trouble-mind-print-room-review-tanya-moodie-treat-watch |archive-date=12 October 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022}}</ref> |- |2017–2018 |''The Claim'' |Serge |Crucible Theatre | style="text-align: center;" | |- |2018 |''The Rivals'' |Captain Jack Absolute |Watermill Theatre | style="text-align: center;" |<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Rivals |url=https://jonathanhumphreys.com/The-Rivals |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528100528/https://jonathanhumphreys.com/The-Rivals |archive-date=28 May 2022 |access-date=15 May 2022 |website=jonathanhumphreys.com}}</ref> |- |2024–2025 |<nowiki><i id="mwAjE">The Importance of Being Earnest</i></nowiki> |Algernon Moncrief |Lyttelton Theatre, National Theatre, London | style="text-align: center;" | |} === Imikino ya videwo === {| class="wikitable plain" ! scope="col" |Umwaka ! scope="col" | Umutwe ! scope="col" | Uruhare ! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Inyandiko ! Ref. |- | 2022 | ''Imigani ya Grid'' | Valentin Manzi | Gufata amajwi no kugenda | style="text-align: center;" | <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=20 January 2022 |title=Man. Machine – Ncuti Gatwa Takes Players Inside The Mind Of A Grid Legend |url=https://www.ea.com/en-gb/games/grid/grid-legends/news/man-machine-ncuti-gatwa |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230925144148/https://www.ea.com/en-gb/games/grid/grid-legends/news/man-machine-ncuti-gatwa |archive-date=25 September 2023 |access-date=18 December 2022 |website=Electronic Arts Inc. |language=en}}</ref> |} == Reba == [[Ikiciro:Rwanda]] [[Ikiciro:Ubu]] [[Ikiciro:Filimi]] [[Ikiciro:Filime nyarwanda]] 2iu6l2c34ei02z49ks3xug8c1zwlmf8 0 19515 140580 140250 2026-09-30T09:30:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140580 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Intambara ya mbere ya Kongo''', {{Efn|{{lang-fr|Première guerre du Congo}}|group=lower-alpha}} nanone yaje kwitwa '''Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi ya Afurika''', {{sfnp|Prunier|2009|p=72}} yari intambara y'abenegihugu n'intambara mpuzamahanga ya gisirikare yabaye kuva ku ya 24 Ukwakira 1996 kugeza ku ya 16 Gicurasi 1997 ikaba yarabereye mu gice kinini cya Zayire Zayire ( yaje kwitwa [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]), igasakara no mu bice bimwe bya [[Sudani]] na [[Ubugande|Uganda]]. Amakimbirane yaje gusozwa n’igitero cy’amahanga cyasimbuje perezida wa Zayire Mobutu Sese Seko n’umuyobozi w’inyeshyamba Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Guverinoma ya Kabila itarajegajegaga yaje kugirana amakimbirane n’abafatanyabikorwa bayo, bituma havuka indi ntambara ya kabiri mu 1998–2003, yaje nayo kwitwa intambara ya kabiri y’Afurika Ibice by'iburasirazuba bw'igihugu byari byarahungabanye kubera ibibazo bifitanye isano na[[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yo mu Rwanda]] byakomeje gucengera no ku mipaka y’igihugu cya Kongo, ndetse n'amakimbirane yo mu karere ndetse n'inzika bimaze igihe kirekire bitarakemuka kuva ikibazo cya Congo kibaye. Mu turere twinshi, ubuyobozi bwa leta bwari bugifite imbaraga ariko izina ryabwo ryarasenyutse, aho imitwe yitwara gisirikare, abarwanyi, n'imitwe y'inyeshyamba (bamwe bifatanyaga na leta, abandi bakanga ku mugaragaro imikoranire nayo) bakoresheje imbaraga zifatika. {{sfnp|Abbott|2014|pp=33–35}} {{sfnp|Prunier|2009|pp=77, 83}} Abaturage ba Zayire bari baracitse intege kandi bararakariye ubutegetsi budahamye na ruswa; ingabo za Zayire zari mu bihe bitoroshye. {{sfnp|Abbott|2014|pp=23–24, 33}} {{sfnp|Prunier|2009|p=128}} Amaherezo ibintu byarushijeho kuba bibi, ubwo [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] rwateraga Zayire mu 1996 kugira ngo bahashye imitwe myinshi y'inyeshyamba yari yarahungiye muri icyo gihugu. Ibitero byarushijeho gukara, kubera ko ibihugu byinshi (birimo Uganda, [[Uburundi|u Burundi]], [[Angola]], na [[Eritereya]] ) nabyo byaje kwivangamo, ari nako hanashyirwagaho ihuriro ry’inyeshyamba z’abanyekongo zirwanya Mobutu. {{sfnp|Abbott|2014|pp=33–35}} <references group="lower-alpha" /> 69f1q4wvtbf934jcvxko4s4tp9ef8p4 0 20113 140581 133363 2026-09-30T09:30:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140581 wikitext text/x-wiki Ibitaro bya Kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK) ni ibitaro byigisha bifite ibitanda 519, biherereye muMujyi wa Kigali,[[Rwanda|mu Rwanda]]. Byashinzwe mu 1918 n'abakoloni b'ababiligi <ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-29 |title=University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (CHUK) |url=https://www.nature.com/nature-index/institution-outputs/rwanda/university-teaching-hospital-of-kigali-chuk/5ee1c93471ba863eb058236f |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Nature Index |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=University Central Hospital of Kigali (CHUK) |url=https://www.mip.lstmed.ac.uk/university-central-hospital-of-kigali-chuk |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Malaria in Pregnancy Consortium |language=en}}</ref>. CHUK ni cyo kigo nderabuzima cya mbere cyashinzwe kandi kinini kurusha ibindi mu Rwanda <ref name="Report">{{Cite web |title=Report on the Health Care Sector and Business Opportunities in Rwanda |url=https://www.mip.lstmed.ac.uk/university-central-hospital-of-kigali-chuk}}</ref> . Cyagize uruhare rukomeye mu kongera kubaka urwego rw'ubuvuzi mu Rwanda nyuma ya Jenocide Cyagize uruhare rukomeye mu kongera kubaka urwego rw’ubuvuzi mu Rwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 <ref name="Report" /> . == Amateka == Inkomoko y'ibitaro bya Kaminuza bya (CHUK) yatangiye mu 1918, ubwo byashingwaga kunshuro ya mbere n'ubuyobozi bw'ingabo z'ababiligi. Icyo gihe, ikigo nderabuzima cyatangiranye n'inyubako yari yarasizwe n'abadage. Gustave Latinne, umuganga w'ingabo z'ababiligi, niwe wagizwe umuyobozi wa mbere w'iki kigo. . * '''1918''' : CHUK yatangiye urugendo rwayo nk'ikigo nderabuzima, gitanga service z'ubuvuzi ahanini zigenewe ababiligi n'abaturage baho. CHUK yatangiye urugendo rwayo nk’ikigo nderabuzima, gitanga serivisi z’ubuvuzi ahanini zigenewe Ababiligi n’abaturage bari batuye muri ako gace. * '''1965''': Nyuma yo gusanga hacyenewe ubuvuzi guhanitse, CHUK yagizwe ibitaro byuzuye, byongera ubushobozi bwabyo n'ubwoko bwa serivice zatanngwaga * '''Kuva Mata 1994 kugeza 1996''' : Mugihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yakorewe abatuts]], CHUK yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutanga ubuvuzi, ikora inshingano zitandukanye zirimo kuba ikigo nderabuzima, ibitaro by'akarere n'ibitaro byakira abarwayi boherejwe baturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu * '''2000''' : Impinduka ikomeye mu mateka ya CHUK yabaye taliki ya 7 Ukuboza 2000, ubwo hatangizwaga itetegeko nº 41/2000. Iri tegeko ryemeje CHUK nk'ikigo cya Leta gifite ubuzimagatozi, riyihindura ibitaro bya kaminuza byitwa ku mugaragaro '''Ibitaro bya Kaminuza bya Kigali (CHUK)''' <ref>{{Cite web |title=Official Gazette nº06 of 10/02/2014 |url=https://gazettes.africa/archive/rw/2014/rw-government-gazette-dated-2014-02-10-no-6.pdf}}</ref> . == Ibikoresho == CHUK nibitaro bya leta bizwiho gutanga serivisi kubanyarwanda basanzwe bafite ubwishingizi bwabaturage. CHUK ni ibitaro bya Leta bizwiho gutanga serivisi z'ubuvuzi ku banyarwanda benshi, cyane cyane abafite ubwishingizi bw'ubuzima. Ibitaro byunganira n'inkunga itangwa na Guverinoma y'U Rwanda ndetse n'abaterankunga mpuzamahanga. * '''Ubushobozi:''' CHUK ifite ubushobozi bwa serivisi z'ubuvuzi zishingiye ku bitanda 519, bikayigira kimwe mu bigo nderabuzima binini kandi by'ingenzi mu Rwanda <ref name="Report"/> . * '''Imikorere y'Ibitaro''' : CHUK ni ibitaro by'ikitegererezo mu Rwanda, bifite uruhare rukomeye mu kuvura indwara zikomeye no kwakira abarwayi boherejwe n'ibindi bigo nderabuzima biherereye mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=RWANDA HEALTH SYSTEM STRENGTHENING DESIGN TEAM SUMMARY REPORT |url=https://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JNFP.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126213422/http://pdf.usaid.gov/pdf_docs/PA00JNFP.pdf |archive-date=January 26, 2017}}</ref> . * '''Uburezi mu buvuzi''' : Nk'ibitaro bya Kaminuza , CHUK ifite uruhare rugaragara mu myigishirize y'ubuvuzi no mu gutanga amahugurwa y'abanyeshuri. Bikora nk’ibitaro byigisha bifatanyije na [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda|kaminuza ya Rwanda]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Hersh |first=Melissa |date=2019-11-13 |title=Learning and teaching medicine in Rwanda: Part II |url=https://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2019/11/13/learning-and-teaching-medicine-in-rwanda-part-ii/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=Scope |language=en-US}}</ref> . === Kwimuka === CHUK yimuriwe ahahoze ibitaro bya kera i [[Akarere ka Nyarugenge|Nyarugenge]]<nowiki/>ijya ku bitaro bya Masak, mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]]. Minisiteri y’Ubuzima yatangaje ko impamvu nyamukuru y’iyi kwimurwa ari imiterere y’ibikoresho n’aho ibitaro byari bisanzwe biherereye, hatari hakwiriye ku rwego rw’ibitaro bya kaminuza <ref>{{Cite web |last=Staff Writer |date=2023-07-23 |title=Kigali's University Teaching Hospital Builds New Facility |url=https://taarifa.rw/kigalis-university-teaching-hospital-builds-new-facility/ |access-date=2023-10-04 |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231005135848/https://taarifa.rw/kigalis-university-teaching-hospital-builds-new-facility/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Ibitaro bishya byubatswe ku nkunga y’igihugu cy’u [[Ubushinwa|Bushinwa]], bikazagira ubushobozi burenze ubwo byari bifite, kuko bizaba bifite ibitanda birenga 800, ugereranyije n’ibitanda 519 byari bihari mbere <ref>{{Cite web |last=Uwase |first=Sheena Teta |date=2023-01-11 |title=CHUK relocation construction ongoing |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/4170/news/health/chuk-relocation-construction-ongoing |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |last=Bahati |first=Moise M. |date=2023-08-04 |title=PHOTOS: A closer look at CHUK's future home |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/9655/news/infrastructure/photos-a-closer-look-at-chuks-future-home |access-date=2023-10-04 |website=The New Times |language=en}}</ref>. == Reba kandi == * Hôpital Roi Faisal de Kigali (en) == Reba == {{Reflist}} 7wsdh8n93wcp8r2d8bcw8hp4ckje2jf 0 20186 140426 140244 2026-09-30T09:12:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140426 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kibuye''' Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi yabaye muri Mata 1994 i Kibuye, umujyi muto uherereye mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda ku nkombe z'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorerwe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda]]. Urwibutso rwubatswe ahahoze urusengero rya kera, iruhande rwa stade ishaje ya Gatwaro ahabereye iyicwa rubozo ry'abatutsi, buzengurutswe kandi bufungwa n’inzego z’ibanze. Ku kibanza cyahoze ari stade, ubu hubatswe ishuri, rihuza urwibutso. == Aho urwibutso rwa Kibuye ruherereye == {| class="wikitable gauche" |{{Carte/MemorialsRwanda}} |} Urwibutso rwa Kibuye rwubatswe mu buryo bwo gusigasira amateka yabazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda aho umubare mwinshi w' [[abatutsi]] wiciwe. Ikibanza cyubatswe aho paruwasi ya yitiriwe mutagatifu Piyere ya Kibuye yahoze kandi hafi y’ahahoze sitade ya Gatwaro, ubu isimburwa n’ishuri ribanza <ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Kibuye, Rwanda - 2008 août - Stade Gatwaro ce mémorial, pour les 10,000 massacrés au stade Kibuye, se trouve sur le côté du terrain du stade. Insid Photo Stock - Alamy |url=https://www.alamyimages.fr/kibuye-rwanda-2008-aout-stade-gatwaro-ce-memorial-pour-les-10000-massacres-au-stade-kibuye-se-trouve-sur-le-cote-du-terrain-du-stade-insid-image437153747.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.alamyimages.fr |language=}}</ref> . Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zigihugu cy'u Rwanda zibukirwaho [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]] mu Rwanda. Izindi ni nk'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|urwibutso]] [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|rwa Jenoside]] rwa Murambi, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]], [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'Urwibutso rwa jenoside [[Mémorial de Nyarubuye|rwa Nyarubuye]] <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=en}}</ref> . Hari inzibutso nyinshi za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda zagiye zikusanyirizwamo imibiri y'abatutsi bazize Jenoside mu Rwanda baguye mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibuye Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/Kibuye-genocide-memorial-site/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en-US}}</ref> == Amateka ya Genocide yakorewe Abatutsi == [[Dosiye:Environs_de_Kibuye.png|left|thumb|260x260px| Ibidukikije bya Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umubare munini w'abategetsi b'u Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside waturutse mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Mu gihe [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu cy'u Rwanda]] rwatangiraga ruhagarariwe ni ishyaka rya [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR]] inkotanyi,ryinjiriye mu Rwanda riturutse mu majyaruguru,imijyi nka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] na Kibuye, habaye disikuru za Jenoside zatanzwe n'abayobozi ba leta. Dukurikije imibare y'ibarura rusange ry’igihugu ryo mu 1991, Abatutsi bo muri perefegitura ya Kibuye bagera ku {{formatnum:71225}}, ni ukuvuga 15% by'abaturage. [[León Mugesera|Léon Mugesera]], umunyamuryango wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]], yatangaje ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1992 i Gisenyi <ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title={{25e}} Commémoration du Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis |url=http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |website=kwibuka.rw |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20230430065746/http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . Kuva ku ya 20 kugeza ku ya 22 Gashyantare 1993, Kibuye yakorewe mo Jenoside mu buryo bukabije Abatutsi bicwa n’abasirikare ba MRND na CDR <ref name=":1"/> kandi ubwo iyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda, bwakorewe no muri perefegitura ya Byumba, Gisenyi, Kibuye na Ruhengeri. Ku ya 4 Kanama 1993, hasinywe amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Ku ya 17 Mata 1994, igitero cyagabwe kuri [[Stade de Gatwaro|stade Gatwaro]], ikigo cya paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Michel ya Kibuye ndetse n’ishuri ry’ubuhinzi rya Nyamishaba. Perefe Kayishema Clément yatanze ikimenyetso cyo kuzatsemba Abatutsi,yica Abatutsi ba mbere uhereye kuri Ezéchiel Munyakaragwe <ref>{{Cite web |last=République du Rwanda |title=Le 18 avril 1994 : la mise en œuvre du génocide contre les Tutsi à travers tout le pays |url=https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2022-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217185646/https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |url-status=dead }}</ref> . [[Dosiye:Une_des_fosses_communes_de_Kibuye.png|thumb|375x375px| Imwe mu mva rusange i Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umuganga w’[[Ubudage]] wari i Kibuye mu gihe cya Jenocide yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda avuga ko kuri stade Gatwaro no kuri paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Misheli i Kibuye hariyo umubare munini w' impunzi z’abatutsi zaturukaga mu bice bitandukanye by'igihugu cy'u Rwanda. Nk’uko byatangajwe na Colonel Patrick Sartre, ushinzwe iperereza ku ngabo z’[[Ubufaransa]] zari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya jenoside, abatutsi 12000 bishwe ku ya 16 na 17 Mata ku kibuga cya Sitade Gatwaro, ikigo cya paruwasi ya Kibuye, ndetse n’akarere kegeranye. Liyetona Koloneli Eric de Strabenrath yasobanuye ko yasanze imirambo 4300 yegeranye hejuru ya paruwasi kandi avuga ko muri sitade habonetse imibiri y'Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside iri hagati ya 7000 na 9000 . Muri 2020, abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi,bakomeje gushakisha imibiri y'ababo harimo imiryango,inshuti n'abaturanyi,kugira ngo bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside <ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2021-01-27 |title=Rwanda: dans l'abîme du génocide, l'extraordinaire survie à l'innommable d'Albertine |url=https://www.challenges.fr/monde/dans-l-abime-du-genocide-l-extraordinaire-survie-a-l-innommable-d-albertine_747940 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommage au courage Dossier : Docteur Blam Wolfgang |url=http://www.francegenocidetutsi.org/NzarambaWolfgangBlam.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org}}</ref> . Mu 2017, Claude Muhayimana, umukozi w’impunzi ya Rouen n’u Rwanda, yashinjwaga mu Bufaransa kuba yaragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 mu Rwanda,bwabereye i Kibuye ndetse no kuba yarajyanye imitwe yitwara gisirikari ahabereye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsimu 1994 mu Rwanda. <ref>{{Cite web |title=A Rouen, un Franco-Rwandais renvoyé aux assises pour "complicité" dans le génocide des Tutsi |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/rouen-franco-rwandais-renvoye-aux-assises-complicite-genocide-tutsi-1370043.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=France 3 Normandie |language=fr-FR}}</ref> == Amashakiro == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * Kibuye === Ihuza ryo hanze === * Umunsi wo [https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2014/jul/04/-sp-rwanda-genocide-Kibuye-liberation-day-photography Kwibohoza kwa Kibuye], urugendo rwa panoramic muri 2014, The Guardian * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bwa Jenoside] {{Palette|Génocide au Rwanda}}{{Portail|Rwanda}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Kibuye, Mémorial du génocide}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} [[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]] 91jnm9lzr0bnpblv76bfhnwpydec9qj 0 20187 140427 140372 2026-09-30T09:12:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye | image = [[Dosiye:Vue arrière du mémorial de Kibuyé.png|280px]] | caption = Inyuma y'inyubako y'urwibutso rwa Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022) | label1 = Andi mazina | data1 = Urwibutso rwa Gatwaro | label2 = Igihugu | data2 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label3 = Intara | data3 = Iburengerazuba | label4 = Akarere | data4 = [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] | label5 = Umujyi | data5 = [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]] | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.068037|29.347835|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye''', ubu ruzwi nk'urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Gatwaro, rwibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 i [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]], umujyi muto uherereye mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda ku nkombe z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|ikiyaga cya Kivu]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari |title=Imirenge n'utugari |website=Akarere ka Karongi |language=rw |access-date=2026-04-18 |archive-date=2026-01-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260108140458/https://www.karongi.gov.rw/akarere/imirenge-nutugari |url-status=dead }}</ref>, mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tariki ya 11 Mata 1994: uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakozwe hirya no hino mu gihugu |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/tariki-ya-11-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu |website=MINUBUMWE |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-28}}</ref> Urwibutso rwubatswe ahahoze urusengero rya kera, iruhande rwa sitade ishaje ya Gatwaro ahiciwe Abatutsi bari bakusanyirijwe kandi bafungiwe n’inzego z’ibanze. Ku kibanza cyahoze ari sitade, ubu hubatswe ishuri ryegeranye n'urwibutso. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:Vue du mémorial du génocide des Tutsis à Kibuye.png|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye, rurebewe aho imodoka zihagarara (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Urwibutso rwubatswe aho [[abatutsi]] benshi, bari bagotewe aho, biciwe. Ikibanza cyubatswe aho paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Petero ya Kibuye yahoze, hafi y’ahahoze sitade ya Gatwaro, ubu yasimbuwe n’ishuri ribanza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide In Gatwaro Stadium |url=https://www.travelorwanda.com/places-to-visit/genocide-in-gatwaro-stadium/ |website=Travelorwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-09-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibuye, Rwanda - 2008 août - Stade Gatwaro ce mémorial, pour les 10,000 massacrés au stade Kibuye, se trouve sur le côté du terrain du stade. Insid Photo Stock - Alamy |url=https://www.alamyimages.fr/kibuye-rwanda-2008-aout-stade-gatwaro-ce-memorial-pour-les-10000-massacres-au-stade-kibuye-se-trouve-sur-le-cote-du-terrain-du-stade-insid-image437153747.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=www.alamyimages.fr |language=fr}}</ref> Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso z'igihugu cy'u Rwanda zibuka [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. Izindi ni [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Bisesero Genocide Memorial – Virtual tour |url=http://gmvirtualtour.minubumwe.gov.rw/bisesero/ |website=MINUBUMWE |language=en |access-date=2026-09-28}}</ref>, [[Urwibutso rwa jenoside rwa Ntarama|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye]].<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |access-date=2022-12-18 |website=UNESCO World Heritage Centre |language=fr}}</ref> Hari inzibutso nyinshi n'imva rusange mu nkengero z'urwibutso rwa Kibuye; zimwe mu mva rusange zaratunganyijwe, naho imibiri yari ahandi yimurirwa i Kibuye. Hirya no hino mu Rwanda hari n'izindi nzibutso nyinshi zibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/amakuru/karongi-hibutswe-abatutsi-biciwe-muri-sitade-gatwaro-no-mu-nkengero-zaho |title=Karongi: Hibutswe Abatutsi biciwe muri Sitade Gatwaro no mu nkengero zaho |website=Intara y'Iburengerazuba |language=rw |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2025-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802180114/https://www.westernprovince.gov.rw/en/amakuru/karongi-hibutswe-abatutsi-biciwe-muri-sitade-gatwaro-no-mu-nkengero-zaho |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibuye Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/Kibuye-genocide-memorial-site/ |access-date=2022-12-16 |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en}}</ref> == Amateka y'ubwicanyi == [[Dosiye:Environs de Kibuye.png|left|thumb|260x260px|Inkengero za Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umubare munini w'abategetsi b'u Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside waturukaga mu majyaruguru no mu burengerazuba bw'igihugu. Kubera ko [[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|FPR Inkotanyi]] yinjiye mu Rwanda iturutse mu majyaruguru, mu duce two mu majyaruguru y'igihugu no mu mijyi nka [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] na Kibuye, abayobozi ba Leta batanze disikuru zikangurira abantu Jenoside. Dukurikije ibarura rusange ry’abaturage ryo mu 1991, Abatutsi bo mu cyahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye bari 71&nbsp;225, ni ukuvuga 15% by'abaturage.<ref name="kimonyo">{{Cite book |last=Kimonyo |first=Jean-Paul |title=Rwanda, un génocide populaire |publisher=Karthala |date=2008 |isbn=978-2-8111-4267-4 |url=https://books.google.be/books?id=9TT-375VpxkC&pg=PA450 |language=fr |access-date=2022-12-17}}</ref> [[León Mugesera|Léon Mugesera]], umurwanashyaka wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]], yavugiye i Gisenyi ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 1992<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=25e Commémoration du Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis |url=http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |website=kwibuka.rw |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20230430065746/http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |url-status=dead }}</ref>: {{Blockquote|Ubu ndabwira mwebwe Batutsi, mwa nyenzi mwe. Mbamenyesha ko igihugu cyanyu ari Etiyopiya, kandi vuba aha tugiye kubasubizayo tubanyujije muri Nyabarongo. Kuri iyi nshuro, tuzica n'abana.}} Kuva ku wa 20 kugeza ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1993, i Kibuye habaye ubundi bwicanyi bw’Abatutsi bwakozwe n’abarwanashyaka ba MRND na CDR<ref name=":1"/>; ubwo bwicanyi bwabaye no muri perefegitura za Byumba, Gisenyi na Ruhengeri. Ku wa 4 Kanama 1993, hasinywe amasezerano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Ku wa 17 Mata 1994, hagabwe igitero gihuriweho kuri sitade ya Gatwaro, ku kigo cya paruwasi yitiriwe Mutagatifu Mikayeli ya Kibuye no ku ishuri ry’ubuhinzi rya Nyamishaba.<ref name="kimonyo"/> Perefe Clément Kayishema ni we watanze ikimenyetso cy'ubwicanyi, yica Umututsi wa mbere, Ezekiyeli Munyakaragwe.<ref>{{Cite web |author=République du Rwanda |title=Le 18 avril 1994 : la mise en œuvre du génocide contre les Tutsi à travers tout le pays |url=https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2022-12-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217185646/https://ibuka.ch/download/Planification%20du%20Genocide,%2018%20avril,%201994 |url-status=dead }}</ref> [[Dosiye:Une des fosses communes de Kibuye.png|thumb|375x375px|Imwe mu mva rusange ziruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Kibuye (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Umuganga w’Umudage wari i Kibuye igihe ubwicanyi bwatangiraga avuga ko ku munsi ubanziriza ubwicanyi i Kibuye hari impunzi z’Abatutsi zigera ku 10&nbsp;000: izigera ku 5&nbsp;000 zari muri sitade ya Gatwaro, izindi ibihumbi byinshi zari mu kigo cya paruwasi ya Mutagatifu Mikayeli.<ref name="kimonyo"/><ref>{{Cite web |title=Karongi: Abarenga 15000 biciwe muri Stade Gatwaro bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rushya |url=https://flash.rw/2019/07/02/karongi-abarenga-15000-biciwe-muri-stade-gatwaro-bashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rushya/ |website=Flash.rw |date=2019-07-02 |language=rw}}</ref> Nk’uko Koloneli Patrick Sartre, wakoze iperereza ku ngabo z’Ubufaransa zari mu Rwanda mu gihe cya Jenoside, abivuga<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gen Sartre yicujije gukingira ikibaba Muhayimana uri kuburanishwa ku ruhare rwe muri Jenoside |url=https://www.igihe.com/ubutabera-2047/article/gen-sartre-yicujije-gukingira-ikibaba-muhayimana-uri-kuburanishwa-ku-ruhare-rwe |website=IGIHE |date=2021-12-05 |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-28}}</ref>, Abatutsi 12&nbsp;000 biciwe ku wa 16 no ku wa 17 Mata kuri sitade ya Gatwaro, mu kigo cya paruwasi ya Kibuye no mu nkengero zaho. Liyetona Koloneli Éric de Stabenrath yasobanuye ko yasanze imirambo 4&nbsp;300 igerekeranye kuri paruwasi, kandi avuga ko muri sitade habonetse imirambo iri hagati ya 7&nbsp;000 na 9&nbsp;000.<ref name="kimonyo"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-31-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-byatangiriye-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gatwaro |title=Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 31 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi byatangiriye ku Rwibutso rwa Gatwaro |website=Akarere ka Karongi |language=rw |access-date=2025-07-16 |archive-date=2025-08-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250802180157/https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/kwibuka-ku-nshuro-ya-31-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-byatangiriye-ku-rwibutso-rwa-gatwaro |url-status=dead }}</ref> Mu 2020, abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari bagishakisha imibiri y'ababo ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro ku rwibutso.<ref>{{Cite web |last=AFP |date=2021-01-27 |title=Rwanda: dans l'abîme du génocide, l'extraordinaire survie à l'innommable d'Albertine |url=https://www.challenges.fr/monde/dans-l-abime-du-genocide-l-extraordinaire-survie-a-l-innommable-d-albertine_747940 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommage au courage Dossier : Docteur Blam Wolfgang |url=http://www.francegenocidetutsi.org/NzarambaWolfgangBlam.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Dumas |first=Hélène |title=Juger le génocide sur les collines. Une étude des procès Gacaca au Rwanda (2006-2012) |journal=L’Atelier du Centre de recherches historiques |date=2014-03-27 |issn=1760-7914 |doi=10.4000/acrh.5498 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/acrh/5498 |language=fr |access-date=2022-12-18}}</ref> Mu 2017, Claude Muhayimana, Umunyarwanda wari impunzi mu [[Ubufaransa]] akaba yarakoraga i Rouen, yarezwe mu Bufaransa ubufatanyacyaha mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Kibuye, ashinjwa kuba yaratwaye interahamwe mu modoka azijyana aho Abatutsi bicirwaga mu 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Rouen, un Franco-Rwandais renvoyé aux assises pour "complicité" dans le génocide des Tutsi |url=https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/normandie/seine-maritime/rouen/rouen-franco-rwandais-renvoye-aux-assises-complicite-genocide-tutsi-1370043.html |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=France 3 Normandie |language=fr}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Kibuye, Rwanda|Kibuye]] * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kibuye Genocide Memorial}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bw'amateka ya Jenoside mu Rwanda] * [https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/ MINUBUMWE] – Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'Inshingano Mboneragihugu === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kibuye, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] i8i05dqv2p69tmbuc2qa68w14xb1msz 0 20299 140582 123521 2026-09-30T09:30:59Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140582 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Kibuye''' n'umujyi wo mu [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karere ka Karongi]], ukaba uherereyemo n'icyicaro gikuru cy'Intara [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|y'Iburengerazuba]] mu [[Rwanda]] . == Aho Uherereye == Uyu mujyi ufata ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bw'ikiyaga [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu|cya Kivu]], hagati ya [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] na Cyangugu, nko mu birometero {{Convert|135|km|0}}, uvuye mu mujyi wa [[Kigali]], umurwa mukuru. <ref>{{Cite web |last=GFC |date=6 March 2016 |title=Distance between Kigali, Rwanda and Kibuye, Western Province, Rwanda |url=http://distancecalculator.globefeed.com/Rwanda_Distance_Result.asp?fromplace=Kigali%2C%20Rwanda&toplace=Kibuye%2C%20Western%20Province%2C%20Rwanda%2C&dt1=ChIJl-fYjiWk3BkRyAsdQaU2K_M&dt2=ChIJcTzNrxUp3RkRAQZEMIXy-XI |access-date=6 March 2016 |publisher=Globefeed.com (GFC)}}</ref> Korudone uyu mujyi uherereyeho ni : 2 ° 03'42.0 "S, 29 ° 20'54.0" E (Ubunini: -2.061672; Uburebure: 29.348344). == Incamake == Kibuye izwi nkahantu hari inkombe ziriho umucange mwiza kandi ikaba ituranye na parike ebyiri z'igihugu. Niho hari urwibutso rwa Jenoside rugaragaza ubwicanyi bwakorewe 90% [[Abatutsi|by'abatutsi]] bo muri uyu mujyi muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi mu wa 1994]] . Isumo rya Ndaba <ref>{{Cite web |last=McGreal |first=Chris |date=29 March 2004 |title='It's so difficult to live with what we know' |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/mar/29/rwanda.chrismcgreal |access-date=7 March 2016 |location=London}}</ref> riri hafi yumujyi. <ref>{{Cite web |last=LPC |date=7 March 2016 |title=Things to do in Kibuye |url=http://www.lonelyplanet.com/rwanda/kibuye/things-to-do |access-date=7 March 2016 |publisher=Lonelyplanet.com (LPC)}}</ref> [[Uruganda rwa Kibuye 1|Urugomero rwamashanyarazi rwa Kibuye 1]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Henderson |first=Zack |date=31 August 2010 |title=Rwandan power plant converts methane from exploding lake into clean energy |url=http://www.lakescientist.com/rwandan-power-plant-converts-methane-from-exploding-lake-into-clean-energy/ |access-date=7 March 2016 |publisher=Lakescientist.com}}</ref> na [[KivuWatt Power Station|KivuWatt Station]] <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tumwebaze |first=Peterson |date=17 July 2015 |title=Rwanda: Government Moves To Fix Power Challenges |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201507170669.html |access-date=7 March 2016 |location=Kigali}}</ref> biherereye muri Kibuye. == Reba kandi ==   * Gusohokera ku kiyaga cya Kivu * Gitesi * Rubengera * [[Gasenyi]] * Birambo == Reba == {{Reflist}} == Ihuza ryo hanze == * Kibuye travel guide from Wikivoyage * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200117013224/http://wandermuch.com/kibuye-rwanda-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu/ On The Shores Of Lake Kivu] {{Authority control}}<templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>02°03′42″S 29°20′54″E / 2.06167°S 29.34833°E / -2.06167; 29.34833 bzmr0uc3stl0vnevoa2zgs1hc48f1os 0 20313 140583 123495 2026-09-30T09:31:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140583 wikitext text/x-wiki <templatestyles src="Module:Coordinates/styles.css"></templatestyles>01°55′4.08″S 30°03′40.68″E / 1.9178000°S 30.0613000°E / -1.9178000; 30.0613000{{Infobox settlement|website=}}'''Umurenge wa Gisozi''' ni umwe mu [[Imirenge y’u Rwanda|mirenge]] 15 yo mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo|karere ka Gasabo]] mu ntara y'umugi wa [[Kigali]] mu [[Rwanda]]. == Ubumenyi bw'isi == Umurenge wa Gisozi ufite ubuso bwa 9.1km ² kandi ufite ubutumburuke bwa metero 1.510 .Umurenge ugabanyijemo serire ebyiri: Musezero mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba na Ruhango mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Imirenge ituranye ya Gisozi ni [[Jabana (Sektor)|Jabana]] mu majyaruguru, Kinyinya mu burasirazuba, [[Kacyiro|Kacyiru]] mu majyepfo y'iburasirazuba, [[Umurenge wa Muhima|Muhima]] mu majyepfo na [[Gatsata]] mu burengerazuba. Mu burengerazuba, akaba ariwo murenge uhana imbibi n'umugezi wa [[Nyabugogo]]<ref name="geonames">{{Cite web |title=Gisozi |url=https://www.geonames.org/11186546/gisozi.html |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=[[GeoNames]] |language=en}} </ref><ref name="gasabo">{{Cite web |title=Menya Gasabo |url=https://www.gasabo.gov.rw/about/menya-akarere |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=gasabo.gov.rw |language=rw}} </ref><ref name="citypopulation">{{Cite web |title=Ruanda: Gliederung in Sektoren |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/de/rwanda/sector/admin/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=citypopulation.de |language=de}} </ref><ref>https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/umurenge-wa-gisozi-urifuza-ko-serivisi-zo-gutanga-ibyemezo-byo-gusana-zatangirwa-ku-mirenge</ref>. == Imibare y'abaturage == Ibarura rusange ry’u Rwanda ryo mu 2022, abaturage bari 75.611. Imyaka icumi mbere yaho, yari 44.003, ibyo bikaba bihwanye n'ubwiyongere bw'abaturage buri mwaka bwiyongereyeho 5,6 ku ijana hagati ya 2012 na <ref name="citypopulation">{{Cite web |title=Ruanda: Gliederung in Sektoren |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/de/rwanda/sector/admin/ |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=citypopulation.de |language=de}}<cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source" data-ve-ignore="true">[https://www.citypopulation.de/de/rwanda/sector/admin/ "Ruanda: Gliederung in Sektoren"]. ''citypopulation.de'' (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-04-09</span></span>.</cite> [[Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)]] </ref> <ref name="nisr">{{Cite web |title=RPHC5 - District Profile - Gasabo |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/publication/rphc5-district-profile-gasabo |access-date=2024-04-09 |publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda]] (NISR) |language=en}} </ref>. == Umuco == [[Dosiye:Home_Secretary_James_Cleverly_visits_Rwanda_on_5_December_2023_-_11.jpg|thumb|[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside]]]] Uyu murenge urimo [[urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]], ahashyinguwe abantu barenga 250.000 bazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside mu Rwanda]] . Mu 2023, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali, hamwe n’izindi nzibutso eshatu, rwashyizwe mu murage w’isi wa UNESCO <ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://www.unesco.org/en/days/tutsi-genocide |access-date=2024-04-09 |publisher=[[UNESCO]] |language=en}} </ref>. == Uburezi == Université Libre de Kigali (ULK) hamwe n’ishuri mpuzamahanga rya École Belge de Kigali i Gisozi<ref>https://umurunga.com/gasabo-mu-murenge-wa-gisozi-abaturage-basaga-300-batangiwe-mituweli/</ref><ref>https://mabumbe.com/kigali-independent-university-ulk-fees-faculties-contact-details/#google_vignette</ref>. == Reba == {{Reflist}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Imirenge y’u Rwanda]] t2o78nkkhs798fp2bktpk61ppkak16t 0 22523 140412 136211 2026-09-29T23:13:50Z Score Beethoven 11559 140412 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana | image = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaGenocideMemorial03.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Kigabiro | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Kigabiro, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:RwamaganaGenocideMemorial08.jpg|left|thumb|Inyubako y'idini iri imbere y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Kigabiro, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Rwamagana ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Rwamagana rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ruri mu nzibutso zashyizweho nyuma ya 1994 mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] kugira ngo zibungabunge imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'urwibutso rw'ibyabaye muri ako gace. Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite inzibutso nyinshi za Jenoside. Mu 2022, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ko ako karere gafite inzibutso cumi n'imwe zishyinguyemo nibura abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 83&nbsp;729.<ref name="KTP2022">{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka 28: We Are Encouraged When People Visit Us – Genocide Widows |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/kwibuka-28-we-are-encouraged-when-people-visit-us-genocide-widows/ |website=KT Press |date=2022-04-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu 2023, ''The New Times'' na yo yavuze inzibutso cumi n'imwe mu Karere ka Rwamagana, zishyinguyemo abazize Jenoside 83&nbsp;851.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwamagana: Children killed in Genocide commemorated |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6822/news/kwibuka/rwamagana-children-killed-in-genocide-commemorated |work=The New Times |date=2023-04-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Imihango yo kwibuka ikorwa kenshi muri ako karere, cyane cyane i Mwulire, i Sovu, i Musha n'ahandi mu gace ka Rwamagana, kugira ngo hunamirwe abazize Jenoside kandi hibukwe amateka ya Jenoside yo muri ako gace.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwamagana residents pay tribute to Genocide victims |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/165907/News/rwamagana-residents-pay-tribute-to-genocide-victims |work=The New Times |date=2019-04-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref><ref name="NT2023">{{Cite news |author=Michel Nkurunziza |title=Kwibuka: Rwanda to consolidate Genocide memorials |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6484/news/kwibuka/kwibuka-rwanda-to-consolidate-genocide-memorials |work=The New Times |date=2023-04-07 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Mu Karere ka Rwamagana, ubwicanyi bwanditswe cyane ni ubwabereye i Mwulire. Aha hantu havugwa nk'ahantu h'ingenzi Abatutsi bo muri ako karere birwanyeho: abantu baturutse hirya no hino bahahungiye, birwanaho hafi ibyumweru bibiri, nyuma baganzwa n'Interahamwe zishyigikiwe n'abayobozi n'ingabo za Leta.<ref name="KTP2025">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Survivors Seek Funds to Complete Memorial Site Where Victims Fought Back |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/06/genocide-survivors-seek-funds-to-complete-memorial-site-where-victims-fought-back/ |website=KT Press |date=2025-06-28 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Nk'uko KT Press ibivuga, urwibutso rwa Mwulire ni rwo rubitse imibiri myinshi mu nzibutso cumi n'imwe z'akarere, kuko rushyinguyemo abazize Jenoside barenga 80&nbsp;000; ku musozi wa Mwulire honyine ngo hiciwe nibura abantu 15&nbsp;000.<ref name="KTP2025" /> Imihango yo kwibuka muri ako karere yibutsa kandi ko ibikorwa byo kumenya no gushyingura imibiri y'abazize Jenoside bikomeje. Mu 2024, imibiri 128 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Mwulire.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kwibuka 30: Over 120 Genocide victims given decent burial at Mwulire Genocide Memorial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/16114/news/kwibuka/kwibuka-30-over-120-genocide-victims-given-decent-burial-at-mwulire-genocide-memorial |work=The New Times |date=2024-04-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Aha hantu harebwa na politiki yo guhuriza hamwe inzibutso za Jenoside. Mu 2023, ''The New Times'' yavuze ko inzibutso zo mu Karere ka Rwamagana zigomba kuva kuri cumi n'imwe zikagera kuri esheshatu nyuma yo kuzihuriza hamwe, kugira ngo zibungabungwe kandi zicungwe neza.<ref name="NT2023" /> Uwo murongo uhuye n'amategeko y'u Rwanda agenga guhuriza hamwe inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yashyizweho kugira ngo zicungwe, zitahwe kandi zibungabungwe neza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministerial Order determining Modalities for Consolidation of Memorial Sites for the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/po/2019/61/eng%402019-05-27/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2019-05-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Urwibutso ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mwulire]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musha]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rwamagana Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibungo |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rwamagana, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] hbnivxb8bd6rfrkug4zrkfsmbkphhcd 140428 140412 2026-09-30T09:12:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana | image = [[Dosiye:RwamaganaGenocideMemorial03.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Kigabiro | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Kigabiro, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:RwamaganaGenocideMemorial08.jpg|left|thumb|Inyubako y'idini iri imbere y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Kigabiro, mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Rwamagana ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Rwamagana rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ruri mu nzibutso zashyizweho nyuma ya 1994 mu [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] kugira ngo zibungabunge imibiri y'abazize Jenoside n'urwibutso rw'ibyabaye muri ako gace. Akarere ka Rwamagana gafite inzibutso nyinshi za Jenoside. Mu 2022, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ko ako karere gafite inzibutso cumi n'imwe zishyinguyemo nibura abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 83&nbsp;729.<ref name="KTP2022">{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka 28: We Are Encouraged When People Visit Us – Genocide Widows |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/kwibuka-28-we-are-encouraged-when-people-visit-us-genocide-widows/ |website=KT Press |date=2022-04-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu 2023, ''The New Times'' na yo yavuze inzibutso cumi n'imwe mu Karere ka Rwamagana, zishyinguyemo abazize Jenoside 83&nbsp;851.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwamagana: Children killed in Genocide commemorated |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6822/news/kwibuka/rwamagana-children-killed-in-genocide-commemorated |work=The New Times |date=2023-04-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Imihango yo kwibuka ikorwa kenshi muri ako karere, cyane cyane i Mwulire, i Sovu, i Musha n'ahandi mu gace ka Rwamagana, kugira ngo hunamirwe abazize Jenoside kandi hibukwe amateka ya Jenoside yo muri ako gace.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwamagana residents pay tribute to Genocide victims |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/165907/News/rwamagana-residents-pay-tribute-to-genocide-victims |work=The New Times |date=2019-04-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref><ref name="NT2023">{{Cite news |author=Michel Nkurunziza |title=Kwibuka: Rwanda to consolidate Genocide memorials |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6484/news/kwibuka/kwibuka-rwanda-to-consolidate-genocide-memorials |work=The New Times |date=2023-04-07 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Mu Karere ka Rwamagana, ubwicanyi bwanditswe cyane ni ubwabereye i Mwulire. Aha hantu havugwa nk'ahantu h'ingenzi Abatutsi bo muri ako karere birwanyeho: abantu baturutse hirya no hino bahahungiye, birwanaho hafi ibyumweru bibiri, nyuma baganzwa n'Interahamwe zishyigikiwe n'abayobozi n'ingabo za Leta.<ref name="KTP2025">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Survivors Seek Funds to Complete Memorial Site Where Victims Fought Back |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/06/genocide-survivors-seek-funds-to-complete-memorial-site-where-victims-fought-back/ |website=KT Press |date=2025-06-28 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Nk'uko KT Press ibivuga, urwibutso rwa Mwulire ni rwo rubitse imibiri myinshi mu nzibutso cumi n'imwe z'akarere, kuko rushyinguyemo abazize Jenoside barenga 80&nbsp;000; ku musozi wa Mwulire honyine ngo hiciwe nibura abantu 15&nbsp;000.<ref name="KTP2025" /> Imihango yo kwibuka muri ako karere yibutsa kandi ko ibikorwa byo kumenya no gushyingura imibiri y'abazize Jenoside bikomeje. Mu 2024, imibiri 128 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Mwulire.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Kwibuka 30: Over 120 Genocide victims given decent burial at Mwulire Genocide Memorial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/16114/news/kwibuka/kwibuka-30-over-120-genocide-victims-given-decent-burial-at-mwulire-genocide-memorial |work=The New Times |date=2024-04-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Aha hantu harebwa na politiki yo guhuriza hamwe inzibutso za Jenoside. Mu 2023, ''The New Times'' yavuze ko inzibutso zo mu Karere ka Rwamagana zigomba kuva kuri cumi n'imwe zikagera kuri esheshatu nyuma yo kuzihuriza hamwe, kugira ngo zibungabungwe kandi zicungwe neza.<ref name="NT2023" /> Uwo murongo uhuye n'amategeko y'u Rwanda agenga guhuriza hamwe inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yashyizweho kugira ngo zicungwe, zitahwe kandi zibungabungwe neza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ministerial Order determining Modalities for Consolidation of Memorial Sites for the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/po/2019/61/eng%402019-05-27/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2019-05-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Urwibutso ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Rwamagana]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mwulire]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musha]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rwamagana Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibungo |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rwamagana, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rwamagana]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] qa0k83lxyq01swjppk1q55qtq9pwfx8 10 22669 140417 140398 2026-09-30T08:54:11Z Score Beethoven 11559 Gukosora ihuza: Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi (fr: Mémorial des gardiens de la paix Belges) 140417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Navbox | name = Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda | state = {{{state|uncollapsed}}} | title = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]] | listclass = hlist | groupstyle = text-align:left; width:3em; white-space:normal; | below = [[Bibliografiya na firime]] | group1 = Ingingo rusange | list1 = [[Amateka y'u Rwanda]] • [[Amoko mu Rwanda]] • [[Uruhare rw'Ubufaransa muri jenoside y'Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] • [[Bahutu Manifesto]] • [[Inshingano y'abinjira n'abasohoka muri Banyarwanda]] • [[Guverinoma y'agateganyo y'u Rwanda]] • [[Imbaraga z'Abahutu]] • [[Icyemezo cya Akayesu]] • [[Akazu]] • [[Kangura]] • [[Parmehutu]] • [[MINUAR]] • [[Komisiyo y’amateka y’Abafaransa ku ruhare rw’Ubufaransa mu Rwanda]] • [[Garuka i Kigali, ikibazo cyigifaransa]] • [[Igikorwa cya Noroît]] • [[Igikorwa Ifeza Inyuma]] • [[Igikorwa Amaryllis]] • [[Amategeko arwanya ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside]] • [[Gushyira mu byiciro abakekwaho itsembabwoko mu Rwanda]] • [[Biregwa na ICTR]] • [[Amabwiriza yo kwibuka]] • [[Fred Rwigema]] • [[Ubwicanyi bwa Kibilira]] | group2 = Ibyabaye n'abagize uruhare | list2 = [[Ku ya 6 Mata 1994 igitero cyagabwe mu Rwanda]] • [[Ibyabaye]] • [[Ubwicanyi bw'Ishuri rya ETO]] • [[Ubwicanyi bwa Bagogwe]] • [[Ubwicanyi bwa Bugesera]] • [[Impamvu za jenoside]] • [[Abakinnyi b'u Rwanda]] • [[Umuryango mpuzamahanga]] • [[Inzego z’amadini]] • [[Ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina nk'intwaro ya jenoside]] • [[Ingaruka za jenoside]] • [[Ubutabera mpuzamahanga (ICTR)]] • [[Uruhare rw'itangazamakuru]] • [[Guhakana jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] • [[Ikibazo cy'impunzi mu Karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari]] • [[Bisesero]] • [[Ubwicanyi bwa Ndera]] • [[Mutarama 1998 ubwicanyi bwabereye i Gisenyi]] • [[Ikigeragezo cya Butare Bane]] • [[Jean-Claude Lafourcade]] • [[Jean Varret]] • [[Jean-Christophe Klotz]] | group3 = Ahantu n'amashyirahamwe | list3 = {{Navbox|child | groupstyle = text-align:left; width:1.5em; white-space:normal; | group1 = Amashyirahamwe n'ahandi h'ingenzi | list1 = [[Ibuka]] • [[Komisiyo y'igihugu ishinzwe kurwanya Jenoside]] • [[Ihuriro ry'abarenganyijwe bo mu Rwanda]] • [[Hôtel des Mille Collines|Mille Collines]] • [[Ingoro Ndangamurage y'Amateka y'Urugamba rwo guhagarika Genocide|Ingoro ndangamurage yo kurwanya Jenoside]] • [[Saint Famille|Itorero ry'umuryango mutagatifu i Kigali]] • [[Aegis Trust]] | group2 = Urutonde rw'ibibanza | list2 = {{Navbox|child | groupstyle = text-align:left; width:1.5em; white-space:normal; | group1 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | list1 = [[Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi|Abasirikare b'Ababiligi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gahanga|Gahanga]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana|Jabana]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibagabaga|Kibagabaga]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Kigali (Gisozi)]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro|Kigali (Nyanza-Kicukiro)]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kinyinya|Kinyinya]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rebero|Rebero]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubirizi|Rubirizi]] | group2 = [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] | list2 = [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musanze|Musanze]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mutete|Mutete]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mvuzo|Mvuzo]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rusiga|Rusiga]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rutare|Rutare]] | group3 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] | list3 = [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyabakamyi|Cyabakamyi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyahinda|Cyahinda]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyanika|Cyanika]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa|Cyarwa]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabgayi|Kabgayi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabuye|Kabuye]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kaduha|Kaduha]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi|Kamonyi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama|Karama]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho|Kibeho]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibilizi|Kibilizi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibirizi|Kibirizi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kinazi|Kinazi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe|Mayunzwe]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa|Mugombwa]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza|Nyanza]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona|Rubona]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya|Ruhashya]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa|Songa]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa UNR Butare|UNR Butare]] | group4 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]] | list4 = [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashora|Gashora]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mukarange|Kayonza-Mukarange]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo - Ngoma|Kibungo-Ngoma]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiziguro|Kiziguro]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Muyumbu|Muyumbu]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama|Ntarama]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama|Nyamirama]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye|Nyarubuye]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Remera|Remera]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukara|Rukara]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira|Rukira]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi|Rukumberi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza|Zaza]] | group5 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Intara y'Iburengerazuba]] | list5 = [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bazize|Bazize]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bigogwe|Bigogwe]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Birogo|Birogo]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba|Gashirabwoba]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Giheke|Giheke]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisenyi|Gisenyi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe|Kamembe]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye|Kibuye]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murugo Mutagatifu Jean|Murugo Mutagatifu Jean (Kibuye)]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero|Mugonero]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngororero|Ngororero]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba|Nyamishaba (Kibuye)]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyange|Nyange]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi|Nyarushishi]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyundo|Nyundo]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubengera|Rubengera]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi|Shangi]] | group6 = Hanze y'u Rwanda | list6 = [[Stele i Paris]] • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo|Ggolo]] <small>(Uganda)</small> • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero|Kasensero]] <small>(Uganda)</small> • [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu|Lambu]] <small>(Uganda)</small> }} }} | group4 = Abatangabuhamya n'abanditsi | list4 = [[Élie Sagatwa]] • [[Patrick de Saint-Exupéry]] • [[Aminadabu Birara]] • [[Christian Quesnot]] • [[Charles Habonimana]] • [[Dafroza Gauthier]] • [[Milgitha Kösser]] • [[Thierry Prungnaud]] • [[Paul Barril]] • [[Vincent Duclert]] • [[Rosalie Gicanda]] • [[Radegonde Nyiramavugo Kankazi]] • [[Padiri Henri Blanchard]] • [[Jean Hatzfeld]] • [[Boniface Ngulinzira]] • [[Scholastique Mukasonga|Scholastica Mukasonga]] • [[Annick Kayitesi-Jozan]] • [[Yolande Mukagasana]] • [[Antoine Mugesera]] • [[Jean Varret]] • [[Tharcisse Sinzi]] • [[Roméo Dallaire]] • [[Luc Marchal]] • [[Bernard Ntuyahaga]] • [[Mbaye Diagne]] • [[Édouard Kayihura]] | group5 = Abanyarwanda b'intwari | list5 = [[Damas Gisimba]] • [[Célestin Hakizimana]] • [[Zura Karuhimbi]] • [[Joseph Niyomugabo]] • [[Cyprien na Daphrose Rugamba]] | group6 = Abashinjwa cyangwa abahamijwe ibyaha | list6 = [[Jean-Paul Akayesu]] • [[Valerie Bemeriki]] • [[Théoneste Bagosora]] • [[Simon Bikindi]] • [[Pierre Bizimana]] • [[Laurent Bucyibaruta]] • [[Jean-Baptiste Gatete]] • [[Kantano Habimana]] • [[Agathe Habyarimana]] • [[Philippe Hategekimana]] • [[Félicien Kabuga]] • [[Robert Kajuga]] • [[Jean Kambanda]] • [[Jean de Dieu Kamuhanda]] • [[Edouard Karemera]] • [[Clément Kayishema]] • [[Maria Kisito]] • [[Callixte Mbarushimana]] • [[Protais Mpiranya]] • [[León Mugesera|Leon Mugesera]] • [[Claude Muhayimana]] • [[Angeline Mukandutiye]] • [[Bernard Munyagishari]] • [[Sosthène Munyemana]] • [[Beatrice Munyenyezi]] • [[Wenceslas Munyeshyaka]] • [[Alfred Musema]] • [[Ferdinand Nahimana]] • [[Augustin Ngirabatware]] • [[Mathieu Ngirumpatse]] • [[Hassan Ngeze]] • [[Eliezer Niyitegeka]] • [[Ildephonse Nizeyimana]] • [[Aloys Ntiwiragabo]] • [[Pauline Nyiramasuhuko]] • [[Tharcisse Renzaho]] • [[Emmanuel Rukundo]] • [[Georges Rutaganda]] • [[Venant Rutunga]] • [[Onesphore Rwabukombe]] • [[Eugene Rwamucyo]] • [[Athanase Seromba]] • [[Pascal Simbikangwa]] • [[Theodore Sindikubwabo]] • [[Charles Twagira]] • [[Protais Zigiranyirazo]] • [[Fulgence Niyonteze]] • [[Samuel Imanishimwe]] • [[Théodore Munyangabe]] • [[Augustin Bizimungu]] • [[Froduald Karamira]] • [[Tito Barahira]] • [[Octavien Ngenzi]] • [[Jean-Baptiste Gakwerere]] }} <noinclude> {{Documentation}} {{Documentation subpage}} <!-- Andika ibisobanuro munsi y'iyi mirongo, hejuru y'agasanduku "add categories". --> == Icyerekezo == Iyi ni palette (icyitegererezo cy'urutonde rw'ihuza / navbox) igizwe n'ihuza ry'ingingo zijyanye na [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]]. == Ikoreshwa == Iyi palette ishyirwa mu ntangiriro cyangwa mu iherezo ry'ingingo zerekeye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, hakoreshejwe: <pre> {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} </pre> Niba ushaka ko igaragara ifunguye (itagoyeka) ku ntangiriro: <pre> {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} </pre> Niba ushaka ko igoyeka (ihishe) mu buryo busanzwe: <pre> {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=collapsed}} </pre> == Ingero == {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jenoside Rwanda}} [[Icyiciro:Palette y'Intambara muri Afurika]] [[Icyiciro:Palette y'Amateka y'u Rwanda]] </noinclude> dagm22ew9k7lndhyfbmqml9tore838f 0 23108 140429 140352 2026-09-30T09:12:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe | image = [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]] | caption = Imbuga y'urwibutso rwa Kamembe (22 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Kamembe | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.487684|28.901106|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe''' ni urwibutso ruherereye i Kamembe, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo kandi rwibukirwamo Abatutsi bishwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], by'umwihariko abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]]. Kuri uru rwibutso hanabera ibikorwa ngarukamwaka byo [[Kwibuka]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso n'imva rusange nyinshi]] ziri mu Rwanda no hanze yarwo, zibumbatiye amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Zimwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside, nk'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]], zashyizwe mu Murage w'Isi wa UNESCO. === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial01.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Ikiyaga cya Kivu n'umujyi wa Kamembe, urebewe ku rwibutso (22 Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe ruherereye iruhande rwa Sitade Kamarampaka, mu Murenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]], mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]]. {{clear}} == Amateka == Kamembe iherereye mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]], aho itotezwa ry'Abatutsi (kumeneshwa, gufungwa n'ubundi bugizi bwa nabi) ryatangiye kuva mu 1959, rikongera gukaza umurego mu 1963–1964 no mu 1973.<ref name="CNLG" /> Hagati ya 1990 na 1994, gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside byitabiriwe n'abayobozi ba Leta, ab'inzego z'ubutegetsi n'iz'umutekano kugeza ku rwego rw'ibanze; abasivili baratojwe bahabwa intwaro, kandi bariyeri zishyirwa mu mujyi wa Kamembe no mu nkengero zawo.<ref name="CNLG" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Journée de commémoration du génocide des Tutsi |url=https://www.ofpra.gouv.fr/actualites/journee-de-commemoration-du-genocide-des-tutsi |website=Ofpra |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-21}}</ref><ref name="gabiro">{{Cite web |last=Gabiro |first=Gabriel |title=Cyangugu se redécouvre, dix ans après le génocide |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/7455-cyangugu-se-redecouvre-dix-ans-apres-le-genocide-par-gabriel-gabiro4245.html |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2004-03-02 |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-21}}</ref> Nyuma y'ihanurwa ry'indege ku wa 6 Mata 1994, ubwicanyi bwakajije umurego muri perefegitura; i Cyangugu bwakomeje kugeza mu mpera za Kanama 1994, nyuma y'ahandi henshi mu gihugu.<ref name="homogene">{{Cite web |title=19.09.2001 - TPIR/Cyangugu - Cyangugu était politiquement homogène pendant le Génocide, selon un expert |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6409-19092001-tpircyangugu-cyangugu-etait-politiquement-homogene-pendant-le-genocide-selon-un-exp3199.html |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-18 |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-21}}</ref><ref name="venancia">{{Cite web |title=Testimony of Venancia, a survivor of the Rwandan genocide |url=https://www.un.org/en/preventgenocide/rwanda/assets/pdf/survivor-testimonies/47%20-%20Venancia%202009.pdf |website=United Nations |format=PDF |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: La défense du commandant de Cyangugu plaide contre un procès conjoint |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/rwanda-la-d%C3%A9fense-du-commandant-de-cyangugu-plaide-contre-un-proc%C3%A8s-conjoint |website=ReliefWeb |date=1999-08-10 |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-21}}</ref><ref name="mdr">{{Cite book |author=Commission parlementaire rwandaise d’enquête sur l’idéologie du génocide |title=Rapport de la Commission parlementaire sur l’idéologie du génocide |publisher=Ministère de la Réconciliation et du Développement du Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2008 |url=http://www.mdrwi.org/rapports%20et%20doc/documents/rap%20commission%20parl%20ideologie%20genocide.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-22}}</ref> Kuba ingabo za Opération Turquoise zari i Kamembe (muri « Zone humanitaire sûre ») ntibyabujije ibyaha gukomeza; hari ibikorwa by'ubugizi bwa nabi byavuzwe kandi abenshi mu bakoze Jenoside bahungiye mu yahoze ari Zayire, ubu ni [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]].<ref name="CNLG" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Ndorimana |first=Jean |title=Un témoin oculaire et auriculaire du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi dans l’ex-préfecture Cyangugu réagit au communiqué de Théobald Rutihunza |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/JenosideCyanguguRutihunza.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org |format=PDF |language=fr}}</ref> Urwibutso rwa Kamembe rwubatswe kugira ngo rushyingure mu cyubahiro imibiri y'abazize Jenoside, rubungabunge amazina y'abamenyekanye kandi rube ahantu ho kwibukira no kwigisha amateka, cyane cyane mu bikorwa ngarukamwaka byo ''Kwibuka''.<ref name="CNLG" /><ref name="mutwarasibo">{{Cite journal |last=Mutwarasibo |first=Ernest |title=Organisation et exécution du génocide des Tutsi |journal=Revue d’Histoire de la Shoah |volume=190 |issue=1 |pages=67–81 |date=2009 |issn=2111-885X |doi=10.3917/rhsho.190.0067 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-d-histoire-de-la-shoah-2009-1-page-67 |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-21}}</ref> === Amateka rusange (1959–1993) === Amateka y'itotezwa ry'Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]] ni maremare, kandi yatangiye kuva mu 1959.<ref name="CNLG">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |format=PDF |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38}}</ref> === Ubwicanyi bwabaye mbere ya Jenoside yo mu 1994 === Mu mvururu zo hagati ya 1959 na 1961, Abatutsi barishwe, amazu yabo aratwikwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa, birukanwa mu kazi no mu mashuri, bituma abarokotse bahungira mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] no mu yahoze ari Zayire.<ref name="CNLG" /> Guhera mu mpera za 1960, abanyapolitiki, cyane cyane abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU, babibye urwango, bituma guhera mu Ugushyingo 1960 haba ubukangurambaga bukomeye bwo guhohotera no kumenesha Abatutsi.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu mvururu za 1963–1964, ubwicanyi bwageze ku rwego rukabije mu 1963: Abatutsi benshi bishwe ku itegeko rya perefe Pascal Ngirabatware, wiswe « Gahini ». Imyaka ya 1964 na 1973 yibukwa nk'« itazibagirana » kubera ubwicanyi, kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu kazi ndetse no kwamburwa imitungo.<ref name="CNLG" /> Muri Gashyantare 1964, ikinyamakuru ''La Tribune de Lausanne'' cyise ibyo bikorwa « jenoside nyayo mu Rwanda », naho ikinyamakuru ''France Soir'' kivuga iyicwa ry'« Abatutsi 12.000 ».<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu 1973, mbere y'uko Perezida [[Grégoire Kayibanda]] ahirikwa ku butegetsi na [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yibasiwe n'imvururu zikomeye. Abatutsi birukanwe mu mashuri no mu kazi, imidugudu yabo iratwikwa kandi imitungo yabo irasahurwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwo bwicanyi bwo mu 1973 bwiswe « Kajwangara », kubera ko ababukoraga biyoberanyaga bitera umucanga (''jwangara'') bahiga Abatutsi.<ref name="CNLG" /> Imyiteguro ya Jenoside yatangiye mu 1990. Guhera mu Ukwakira 1990, Abatutsi bo muri ako gace baratotejwe bikomeye, barahohoterwa kandi barafungwa bashinjwa gukorana n'[[Ishyaka FPR - Inkotanyi|Inkotanyi]].<ref name="CNLG" /> Ibinyamakuru nka ''Kangura'' na ''Imvaho'' byakwirakwijwe cyane muri perefegitura bibiba urwango.<ref name="CNLG" /> === Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside i Kamembe mu 1994 === Komini Kamembe yari icyicaro cya Perefegitura ya [[Cyangugu]], irimo inzego z'ubuyobozi bwa gisivili n'iza gisirikare, harimo n'inkambi ya gisirikare ya Karambo yayoborwaga na Liyetona Samuel Imanishimwe mu 1994.<ref name="CNLG" /> Jenoside yatangiye mu cyahoze ari Komini Kamembe ku wa 7 Mata 1994, mu mujyi wa Kamembe.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu ba mbere bishwe harimo Dogiteri Ignace Nagapfizi, wari umuyobozi w'ubuvuzi mu Karere k'Ubuzima ka Cyangugu akaba n'umurwanashyaka w'ishyaka PL; yishwe maze atwikirwa imbere y'urugo rwe ahitwa i Mucyo, ahagana saa yine za mu gitondo. Abandi Batutsi bari bazwi mu mujyi na bo barishwe, barimo Karangwa (umucuruzi ukomeye akaba n'umurwanashyaka wa PSD), Anicet Niyonzima (umurwanashyaka wa PL), Ndayisaba n'umuryango we, na Kongo (umucuruzi).<ref name="CNLG" /> Ubwicanyi bwahise bukwira muri komini yose, bworoherejwe n'imyiteguro n'ibikoresho [[Interahamwe]] zari zarahawe.<ref name="CNLG" /> === Ahabereye ubwicanyi n'abagizemo uruhare === [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|374px|Sitade Kamarampaka, hafi y'urwibutso, hamwe mu hiciwe Abatutsi mu 1994 (22 Kanama 2025)]] Mu cyahoze ari Segiteri Kamembe, Abatutsi biciwe i Kadasomwa, kuri Sitade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, mu cyahoze ari Selire ya Gatovu no mu nkengero z'umujyi. Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahunze ubwicanyi bava muri Komini Gisuma biciwe i Kadasomwa.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu mujyi wa Kamembe hari bariyeri zikomeye, harimo iy'i Cyapa ku muhanda wa kaburimbo, yashyizweho nyuma y'igitero cya FPR-Inkotanyi cyo mu Ukwakira 1990.<ref name="CNLG" /> Yabanje gucungwa n'abajandarume, nyuma icungwa n'Interahamwe, ikurwaho muri Nyakanga 1994 ubwo Guverinoma y'abatabazi yahungiraga muri Kongo.<ref name="CNLG" /> Mu bashinjwa cyane ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri Sitade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo harimo perefe wa Cyangugu, Liyetona Samuel Imanishimwe wayoboraga inkambi ya gisirikare ya Karambo, umushinjacyaha w'i Cyangugu, umuyobozi wa jandarumeri y'i Cyangugu na burugumesitiri wa Kamembe.<ref name="CNLG" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial05.jpg|left|thumb|300px|Urwibutso rwa Kamembe rurebewe ku muhanda uri munsi y'imbuga yarwo (22 Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe ahantu hatandukanye mu cyahoze ari Komini Kamembe no muri Cyangugu: kuri Sitade Kamarampaka n'inkengero zayo, i Kadasomwa, kuri Paruwasi ya Katedarali ya Cyangugu n'inkengero zayo, mu mujyi wa Kamembe no mu karere k'amashuri ka Gihundwe.<ref name="CNLG" /> {{clear}} === Umwihariko wa Jenoside mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu === Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite umwihariko ugaragara: ==== Ubugome bukabije no kurya abantu ==== Perefegitura izwiho ubugome bukabije bw'ubwicanyi bwahabereye. Hakorewe iyicarubozo rikomeye, harimo gutemagura abishwe no kotsa inyama zabo ku mishito ngo ziribwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=10.09.2001 - TPIR/Cyangugu - L'ancien commandant Imanishimwe accusé de cannibalisme |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/fr/6453-10092001-tpircyangugu-lancien-commandant-imanishimwe-accuse-de-cannibalisme3243.html |website=JusticeInfo.net |date=2001-09-09 |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-22}}</ref><ref name="CNLG" /> ==== Igihe yamaze n'uruhare rw'abaturage ==== Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside i Cyangugu ryaranzwe n'igihe kirekire ryamaze ndetse n'uruhare runini rw'ingeri zinyuranye z'abaturage.<ref name="CNLG" /> ==== Uruhare rwa Opération Turquoise ==== Jenoside yabereye no muri « Zone humanitaire sûre » (ZHS) yagenzurwaga n'ingabo z'Abafaransa za Opération Turquoise, yarimo Cyangugu, Gikongoro na Kibuye.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ingabo z'Abafaransa, inyinshi zari zifite ibirindiro ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kamembe, zishinjwa gukorana n'Interahamwe n'abajandarume kuri bariyeri zo mu mujyi wa Cyangugu.<ref name="CNLG" /> Abatutsi biciwe ku kibuga cy'indege izo ngabo zihari, kandi abakoze Jenoside bahungiye muri ZHS.<ref name="CNLG" /> ==== Uruhare rw'abayobozi ==== Abayobozi benshi b'icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu baburanishijwe ku ruhare bagize mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.<ref name="CNLG" /> Muri bo harimo Liyetona Samuel Imanishimwe, waburanishijwe n'Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), wahoze ari perefe Emmanuel Bagambiki (wagizwe umwere na TPIR), ndetse na ba burugumesitiri b'amakomini nka Jean-Napoléon Mubiligi wa Kamembe, bahamijwe ibyaha n'inkiko Gacaca.<ref name="CNLG" /> [[Dosiye:KamembeGenocideMemorial08.jpg|thumb|300px|Umuryango mukuru winjira mu rwibutso (22 Kanama 2025)]] Kubera ko ruri hafi ya Sitade Kamarampaka n'umujyi wa Cyangugu (Kamembe), Urwibutso rwa Kamembe ni ahantu h'ingenzi ho kwibuka amateka mabi n'umwihariko w'ubugome bwa Jenoside muri iyi yahoze ari perefegitura.<ref name="CNLG" /> Rufite ibyumba by'imurikabikorwa n'imva rusange zibungabungiwemo imibiri y'abishwe, ndetse n'ahantu ho kwibukira hifashishwa mu bikorwa bya ''Kwibuka''.<ref name="CNLG" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Cyangugu]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kamembe Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |format=PDF |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamembe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] p7yap9ihjqpxjupur7tl5yusshxx0sd 0 23124 140430 140354 2026-09-30T09:12:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bigogwe | image = [[Dosiye:BigogweGenocideMemorial08.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bigogwe (23 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyabihu|Nyabihu]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Bigogwe | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.641409|29.395046|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bigogwe''' rwibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] muri Mata 1994 i Bigogwe, mu Murenge wa Bigogwe, mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bigogwe ruherereye mu Murenge wa Bigogwe, mu [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name="harvard">{{Cite web |title=Through A Glass Darkly |url=http://genocidememorials.cga.harvard.edu/bigogwe.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729142309/http://genocidememorials.cga.harvard.edu/bigogwe.html |archive-date=2021-07-29 |url-status=dead |website=Harvard University |language=en |access-date=2025-07-30}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bigogwe ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso n'imva rusange nyinshi]] ziri ku butaka bw'u Rwanda no hanze yabwo, zifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Zimwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu Murage w'Isi wa UNESCO. == Amateka == [[Dosiye:BigogweGenocideMemorial10.jpg|left|thumb|304px|Imbere h'inyubako nkuru y'urwibutso rwa Bigogwe (23 Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwashyizweho kugira ngo hubahwe ibihumbi by'Abatutsi biciwe i Bigogwe no mu nkengero zaho mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]].<ref name="allafrica2014">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: The Story of Genocide in Bigogwe |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201405010375.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502063114/http://allafrica.com/stories/201405010375.html |archive-date=2014-05-02 |website=allAfrica.com |language=en |access-date=2025-07-30}}</ref> Uru rwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside isaga 10&nbsp;000.<ref name="nt2025">{{Cite news |last=Nsanzimana |first=Germain |title=Expansion of Bigogwe Genocide Memorial completed |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26295/news/kwibuka/expansion-of-bigogwe-genocide-memorial-completed |work=The New Times |date=2025-05-09 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> Urwibutso rwagiye rwagurwa kandi ruvugururwa mu byiciro bitandukanye, cyane cyane mu 2025, ubwo huzuzwaga urukuta rushya rw'urwibutso n'inzu yakira abashyitsi.<ref name="nt2025" /> Muri Mata 2023, igisasu cya gerenade cyo mu gihe cya Jenoside cyabonetse mu gihe cy'imirimo yakorerwaga aho urwibutso ruri, ariko icyo kibazo cyakemuwe nta ngaruka kigize ku ikomeza ry'imirimo.<ref name="igihe">{{Cite web |title=Grenade found at a memorial construction site in Rubavu |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/grenade-found-at-a-memorial-construction-site |website=IGIHE |date=2023-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-30}}</ref><ref name="anvcg">{{Cite web |title=Bigogwe memorial expansion continues despite grenade incident |url=https://biografiadiunabomba.anvcg.it/bigogwe-memorial-expansion-continues-despite-grenade-incident/ |website=Biografia di una bomba (anvcg.it) |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:BigogweGenocideMemorial01.jpg|thumb|385px|Urutare « [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] » rwegereye inyuma y'urwibutso, rurebewe aho imodoka zihagarara (23 Kanama 2025)]] Uretse imva rusange, urwibutso rufite ibimenyetso by'urwibutso, inzu yakira abashyitsi n'ibyumba by'imurikabikorwa byahariwe kwibuka abazize Jenoside.<ref name="nt2025" /> Kwagurwa k'urwibutso byatumye rurushaho kwakira abarusura no kubungabunga neza imibiri.<ref name="allafrica2025">{{Cite news |last=Nsanzimana |first=Germain |title=Rwanda: Expansion of Bigogwe Genocide Memorial Completed |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202505090156.html |work=The New Times (via allAfrica.com) |date=2025-05-09 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-10}}</ref><ref name="harvard" /><ref name="allafrica2014" /><ref name="igihe" /><ref name="nt2025" /><ref>{{Cite news |last=Ingabire |first=Gina |title=Renovation of Bigogwe Genocide memorial site gets underway |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/6056/news/rwanda/renovation-ofbigogwe-genocide-memorial-site-gets-underway |work=The New Times |date=2023-03-23 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-11}}</ref><ref name="anvcg" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bigogwe Trust |url=http://www.bigogwe.org/ |website=bigogwe.org |language=en |access-date=2025-07-10}}</ref><ref name="anvcgblog">{{Cite web |title=Biografia di una bomba – Il blog di Giovanni Lafirenze |url=https://biografiadiunabomba.anvcg.it/ |website=anvcg.it |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> Urwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi basaga 10&nbsp;000 bazize Jenoside, yavanywe mu Murenge wa Bigogwe no mu midugudu iwukikije.<ref name="harvard" /><ref name="allafrica2025" /> Buri mwaka, hano habera ibikorwa byo kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside, bizwi nka [[Kwibuka]], bihuza abarokotse, imiryango yabo n'abayobozi.<ref name="anvcgblog" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Ibere rya Bigogwe]] * [[Akarere ka Nyabihu]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Bigogwe Genocide Memorial}} * [http://www.bigogwe.org/ bigogwe.org] – urubuga rwa The Bigogwe Trust === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bigogwe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyabihu]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 0s1rxylflz73cm7sr6ve7yrqtsmzj25 0 23125 140431 140355 2026-09-30T09:12:24Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubengera | image = [[Dosiye:RubengeraGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubengera | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rubengera | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.052214|29.414945|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubengera''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] haherereye i Rubengera, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruruhukiyemo imibiri 3&nbsp;439 y'abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, biciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza, igice kimwe cyayo kikaba ari cyo Murenge wa Rubengera w'ubu. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:RubengeraGenocideMemorial01.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kigaragaza aho urwibutso ruherereye (Kanama 2026)]] Urwibutso rwubatswe mu Murenge wa Rubengera, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu Karere ka Karongi, hamwe n'iza [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye|Gatwaro]], Mubuga, Nyamishaba n'ahandi hantu ho kwibukira ho mu nzego z'ibanze. === Imiterere rusange === Ahari urwibutso rwa Rubengera ni mu gice cy'icyahoze ari Komini Mabanza, mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Mu gihe cyo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 31 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, cyabaye ku wa 24 Mata 2025, Akarere ka Karongi kagaragaje ko uru rwibutso rwibukirwamo Abatutsi biciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza, ubu ni Umurenge wa Rubengera.<ref name="Karongi2025">{{Cite web |title=Hibutswe Abatutsi biciwe ahahoze ari Komini Mabanza, Rubengera y'ubu |url=https://www.karongi.gov.rw/soma-ibikurikira/hibutswe-abatutsi-biciwe-ahahoze-ari-komini-mabanza-rubengera-yubu |website=Akarere ka Karongi |date=2025-04-24 |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == === Imiterere n'ubwicanyi === Urwibutso rubungabunga urwibutso rw'abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza no mu Murenge wa Rubengera w'ubu.<ref name="Karongi2025" /> Akarere ka Karongi kavuga ko hashyinguwe imibiri 3&nbsp;439 y'abazize Jenoside.<ref name="Karongi2025" /> === Kugira aha hantu ahantu ho kwibukira === Nyuma ya Jenoside, Rubengera yabaye ahantu ho gushyingura no kwibukira abiciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza. Mu rwego rwa ''[[Kwibuka]]'', hategurwa ibikorwa byo kwibuka birimo urugendo rwo kwibuka, kunamira imibiri ishyinguye no gushyira indabo ku mva.<ref name="Karongi2025" /> Mu gihe cyo kwibuka cyo mu 2025, abahagarariye Akarere na Ibuka bibukije ko ari ngombwa gufasha abarokotse, kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no kumenya ahantu hakiri imibiri y'abazize Jenoside itarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro.<ref name="Karongi2025" /> === Ivugururwa ry'urwibutso === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2010, i Rubengera hubatswe urwibutso rushya. Mu 2012, umuryango World Vision watanze amafaranga y'u Rwanda miliyoni 30 yo kubaka imva rusange nshya igenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Uwo mushinga watangijwe nyuma y'uko urwibutso rwa kera rwangiritse, rwangijwe n'amazi y'imvura no gusaza kw'inyubako. Ibuye ry'ifatizo ryashyizweho ku wa 14 Kamena 2012, hafi y'imva rusange ya kera.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New Genocide Memorial Center Built in Rubengera sector |url=https://www.sightsofrwanda.com/news/karongi-new-genocide-memorial-center-built-in-rubengera-sector/ |website=Sights of Rwanda |date=2012-07-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:RubengeraGenocideMemorial04.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubengera]] Urwibutso rwa Rubengera rubungabunga urwibutso rw'Abatutsi biciwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza, igice kimwe cyayo kikaba ari Umurenge wa Rubengera w'ubu. Akarere ka Karongi kavuga ko hashyinguwe imibiri 3&nbsp;439 y'abazize Jenoside.<ref name="Karongi2025" /> Uko Jenoside yagenze mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza byanditswe mu bushakashatsi bwa Philip Verwimp ku Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Ubwo bushakashatsi, bushingiye ku gitabo cya Ibuka kibaruramo abazize Jenoside bagera ku 59&nbsp;050 muri perefegitura, bugaragaza ko Abatutsi 9&nbsp;257 bo muri Komini Mabanza bishwe, ni ukuvuga hafi 86% by'Abatutsi bo muri iyo komini; abarokotse babaruwe ni 1&nbsp;477.<ref name="verwimp">{{Cite journal |last=Verwimp |first=Philip |title=Death and survival during the 1994 genocide in Rwanda |journal=Population Studies |volume=58 |issue=2 |date=March 2004 |pages=233–245 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/VerwimpKibuye.pdf |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi bwa Verwimp bugaragaza kandi ko amahirwe yo kurokoka yatandukanaga bitewe n'amasegiteri ya Mabanza. Abatutsi batagiye kuri sitade y'umupira w'amaguru ya Kibuye n'abahungiye mu misozi aho bagerageje kwirwanaho bagize amahirwe menshi yo kurokoka kurusha abakusanyirijwe ahantu hanini hahurizwaga abantu benshi.<ref name="verwimp" /> Segiteri ya Rubengera iri mu masegiteri yakorewe isesengura ry'imibare ku irokoka mu cyahoze ari Komini Mabanza.<ref name="verwimp" /> Inyandiko z'ubucamanza zerekeye Ignace Bagilishema, wahoze ari burugumesitiri wa Mabanza, na zo zigaragaza ko amatsinda y'[[Interahamwe]] yanyuraga muri Segiteri ya Rubengera. Mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 24 Kamena 1994, Bagilishema avuga ko Interahamwe zaturutse i Gisenyi kuza kongera ingufu mu bitero byagabwe ku Batutsi bo mu Bisesero hagati ya 19 na 22 Kamena 1994 zagombaga guhagarara mu isantere ya Rubengera, i Mabanza, kugira ngo zihagabe igitero. Iyo nyandiko ivuga kandi bariyeri yari yashyizwe imbere y'ibiro bya komini n'amasasu yatumye abaturage bo muri Segiteri ya Rubengera bahunga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letter from Ignace Bagilishema, bourgmestre of Mabanza commune |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/Bagilisheme24juin1994en.pdf |website=France Génocide Tutsi |date=1994-06-24 |format=PDF |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Ubu urwibutso ni ahantu ho gushyingura no kwibukira. Mu gihe cyo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 31 cyabereye i Rubengera ku wa 24 Mata 2025, umuhango warimo urugendo rugana ku rwibutso, kunamira imibiri ishyinguye no gushyira indabo ku mva.<ref name="Karongi2025" /> Abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'abahagarariye Ibuka basabye ko hakomeza gushakishwa ahantu hashobora kuba hakiri imibiri y'abazize Jenoside itarashyingurwa mu cyubahiro.<ref name="Karongi2025" /> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye]] * [[Akarere ka Karongi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rubengera Genocide Memorial}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rubengera, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] cile07keqf7l2expbwxh0x0557br4jk 0 23126 140432 140357 2026-09-30T09:12:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero | image = [[Dosiye:NgomaMugoneroGenocideMemorial03.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngoma-Mugonero (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] | label4 = Aho ruri | data4 = Mugonero | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.180090|29.291429|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero''' rwibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 i Mugonero, mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]]. Urwibutso ruri ahahoze ibitaro by'Abadiventisiti aho ibihumbi by'[[Abatutsi]] byiciwe ku wa 16 Mata 1994, kandi ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside isaga 17&nbsp;000. Rurangwa n'inzu ibitsemo amagufwa, ibyapa by'urwibutso, ibishushanyo bibajwe bigaragaza ubugizi bwa nabi n'ivangura Abatutsi bakorewe, ndetse n'amagambo yanditse mu [[Ikinyarwanda]] agaragaza ku mugaragaro ubwoko bwabo, ibyatumye kugeza mu 2009 ruba urwibutso rwihariye mu Rwanda. Rufatwa nka kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi bya Jenoside, rukaberamo kenshi imihango yo kwibuka ya Leta kandi rugasurwa n'abantu baturutse mu gihugu no mu mahanga. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], ku kigo cy'ibitaro by'Abadiventisiti bya Mugonero, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorial Sites in Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaexpeditions.com/genocide-memorial-sites-in-rwanda.html |website=Gorilla Expeditions |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mugonero Genocide Memorial |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/mugonero-genocide-memorial-government-of-rwanda/IQEb8x2Qo-8c5g |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en}}</ref> Ikibanza cyarwo cyegeranye n'icya Kaminuza y'Abadiventisiti yo muri Afurika yo Hagati.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adventist University of Central Africa – Nursing Campus |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/ADVENTIST+UNIVERSITY+OF+CENTRAL+AFRICA+NURSING+CAMPUS/@-2.1804378,29.2911464,387m |website=Google Maps |access-date=2025-09-21}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso n'imva rusange nyinshi]] ziri ku butaka bw'u [[Rwanda]] no mu mahanga, zifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Enye muri zo — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — zashyizwe mu Murage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:NgomaMugoneroGenocideMemorial02.jpg|left|thumb|Umuhanda wegereye urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngoma-Mugonero (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Mugonero rwubatswe ahari ibitaro by'Abadiventisiti aho, ku wa 16 Mata 1994, ibihumbi by'Abatutsi, barimo abarwayi, abakozi b'ibitaro, abapasitori n'imiryango yabo, bishwe nyuma yo guhungira muri icyo kigo cy'ibitaro.<ref name="harvard">{{Cite web |title=Through A Glass Darkly |url=http://genocidememorials.cga.harvard.edu/mugonero.html |website=Harvard University |language=en}}</ref><ref name="dumas">{{Cite journal |last1=Dumas |first1=Hélène |last2=Korman |first2=Rémi |title=Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda : mémoriaux et lieux de mémoire |journal=Afrique contemporaine |issue=238 |pages=11–27 |date=2011-12-20 |issn=0002-0478 |doi=10.3917/afco.238.0011 |url=https://shs.cairn.info/revue-afrique-contemporaine1-2011-2-page-11 |language=fr |access-date=2025-09-21}}</ref> Aha hantu ni kimwe mu bimenyetso bikomeye by'ubwicanyi bwa Jenoside yo mu 1994, kandi ubu haruhukiye imibiri y'abazize Jenoside isaga 17&nbsp;000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=FIC commemorates the Genocide against the Tutsi at Mugonero |url=https://www.fic.gov.rw/updates/news-detail/fic-commemorates-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-at-mugonero |website=fic.gov.rw |language=en}} (ihuza ntirigikora kuva ku wa 17 Kanama 2026)</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Osborn |first=Ronald |title=No Sanctuary in Mugonero: Notes on Rwanda, Revival, and Reform |url=https://spectrummagazine.org/news/no-sanctuary-mugonero-notes-rwanda-revival-and-reform/ |website=Spectrum Magazine |date=2010-10-16 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:NgomaMugoneroGenocideMemorial01.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngoma-Mugonero (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero rurangwa n'ibintu byinshi byihariye mu rwego rwo kwibuka no mu bimenyetso. Rurimo inzu ibitsemo amagufwa, ibyapa by'urwibutso n'ahantu ho kunamira,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Adventists to Build Genocide Memorial in Mugonero, Rwanda |url=https://atoday.org/adventists-to-build-genocide-memorial-in-mugonero-rwanda/ |website=Adventist Today |date=2018-04-23 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> ndetse n'ibishushanyo bibajwe byihariye byubatswe ku bwinjiriro bw'urwibutso.<ref name="dumas" /> Ibyo bishushanyo bigizwe n'igice cya sima giteretseho umuhoro n'ubuhiri buteyeho imisumari, bikikijwe n'ibipfunsi bibiri bica iminyururu. Ibyo bikoresho bigereranya ubugizi bwa nabi bwa Jenoside, naho amaboko aboshye n'iminyururu agereranya ivangura rihoraho Abatutsi bakorewe.{{efn|Ibishushanyo by'urwibutso rwa Mugonero, byubatswe mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2000, byatewe inkunga kandi bitekerezwa na Paul Muvunyi, warokotse Jenoside akaba yarabuze umuryango we wose mu bwicanyi bwo muri Mata 1994.<ref name="dumas" />}} Inyubako iri iruhande, ibitsemo amagufwa y'abishwe, yanditseho mu Kinyarwanda amagambo agaragaza ku mugaragaro ko abishwe bari Abatutsi: « ''Urwibutso rw’inzirakarengane z’Abatutsi bazize itsembabwoko ryo muri mata 1994, bishwe bunyamaswa Leta y’abagome irebera tuzahora tubibuka'' ».<ref name="dumas" /> Kugeza mu 2009, uru rwibutso ni rwo rwonyine mu Rwanda rwagaragazaga ku mugaragaro ubwoko bw'abishwe, bituma ruba urwibutso rwihariye mu nzibutso z'igihugu. Ibyo bishushanyo n'ayo magambo byateje impaka: bamwe babibonagamo inzitizi ku bwiyunge, abandi bashima uruhare rwabyo mu kubungabunga urwibutso rwihariye rw'Abatutsi bishwe.<ref name="dumas" /> Buri mwaka hano habera imihango ya Leta, cyane cyane ku wa 7 cyangwa ku wa 16 Mata,<ref name="dumas" /> mu gihe cyagenwe cyo kwibuka Jenoside buri mwaka (''[[Kwibuka]]''), kandi urwibutso rusurwa n'abantu baturutse mu Rwanda no mu mahanga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mugonero Genocide Memorial |url=https://www.dark-tourism.com/index.php/rwanda/15-countries/individual-chapters/260-mugonero-genocide-memorial-rwanda |website=dark-tourism.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda's Genocide Memorial Sites |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/rwanda-s-genocide-memorial-sites/3AWxDwZwSfN6UQ |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Un pasteur et un médecin en procès pour génocide |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/fr/actualit%C3%A9s/un-pasteur-et-un-m%C3%A9decin-en-proc%C3%A8s-pour-g%C3%A9nocide |website=Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro == {{notelist}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] * [[Akarere ka Karongi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Ngoma-Mugonero Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2017 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mugonero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] e8gk3s1ai6bmj3ii2xwlzxfqv6ne02d 0 23127 140433 140358 2026-09-30T09:12:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke | image = [[Dosiye:Nyamasheke Genocide Memorial 01.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umujyi | data4 = Nyamasheke | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.333249|29.109524|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke''' rwibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994 i Nyamasheke, mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke ruherereye mu mujyi wa Nyamasheke, icyicaro cy'[[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], ku nkombe z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf#page=9 |format=PDF |page=9 |language=fr}}</ref><ref name="dewilde">{{Cite web |author=Vincent de Wilde |title=Mémorial du Génocide à Nyamasheke |url=http://vincentdewilde.photodeck.com/media/9c893c88-7101-4b38-aa41-cf5cfd924961-memorial-du-genocide-a-nyamasheke-genocide-memorial-in-nyamas |website=Vincent de Wilde Photography |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso n'imva rusange nyinshi]] ziri ku butaka bw'u Rwanda no hanze yabwo, zifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Inzibutso enye zashyizwe mu Murage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Nyamasheke Genocide Memorial 02.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke rwashyizweho kugira ngo habe ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura mu cyubahiro abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] muri aka karere. Haruhukiye abazize Jenoside basaga 15&nbsp;000, benshi muri bo bakaba barashyinguwe mu mihango yo gushyingura mu cyubahiro itegurwa buri mwaka.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Uwamaliya |first=Florence |title=Nyamasheke: 30 Genocide Victims Laid to Rest in Dignity |url=https://imenanews.com/nyamasheke-30-genocide-victims-laid-to-rest-in-dignity/ |website=Imena News |date=2025-07-01 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Nkurunziza |first=Michel |title=Nyamasheke: 15,629 Genocide victims accorded decent burial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166913/News/nyamasheke-15629-genocide-victims-accorded-decent-burial |work=The New Times |date=2019-05-28 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> Urwibutso rwakorewe amavugurura n'isanwa rikomeye, cyane cyane guhera mu 2012, kugira ngo hasubizwe ibyifuzo by'abarokotse kandi urwibutso rurusheho kubungabungwa.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyamasheke launches construction of a genocide memorial worth over Rwf 400 million |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/nyamasheke-launches-construction-of-a-genocide |website=IGIHE |date=2017-01-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyamasheke memorial site under reconstruction after recent ruins |url=https://www.sightsofrwanda.com/news/nyamasheke-memorial-site-under-reconstruction-after-recent-ruins/ |website=Sights of Rwanda |date=2012-10-06 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |author=Times Reporter |title=Residents build memorial site |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/25073/residents-build-memorial-site |work=The New Times |date=2009-09-03 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> Uruhare rw'abarokotse n'abaturage bo muri ako gace mu kubaka no kwita ku rwibutso rukunze kugarukwaho.<!-- Inkomoko ebyiri zikurikira ntizagenzuwe: umwanditsi w'inyandiko ya scispace ntazwi, kandi inyandiko ya Korman ivuga ku nsengero zabaye inzibutso; ntibigaragara ko zivuga kuri Nyamasheke. --><ref>{{Cite web |title=The Politics of Mourning: Survivor Contributions to Memorials in Post-Genocide Rwanda |url=https://scispace.com/pdf/the-politics-of-mourning-survivor-contributions-to-memorials-4hlg0bv09v.pdf |format=PDF |website=scispace.com |publisher=University of Bath |date=2010 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Korman |first=Rémi |title=Espaces sacrés et sites de massacre après le génocide des Tutsi : les enjeux de la patrimonialisation des églises au Rwanda |journal=Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire |issue=137 |pages=155–168 |date=2018 |issn=0294-1759 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/26541448 |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:Nyamasheke Genocide Memorial 03.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Nyamasheke ruzwiho kuba hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]] n'imyubakire yarwo yoroheje.<!-- Inkomoko iri ku iherezo ry'iki gika ivuga gusa ishyingurwa ryo mu 2019; ibi bivugwa ku myubakire ntibifite inkomoko. --> Buri mwaka rwakira imihango yo kwibuka no gushyingura imibiri mu cyubahiro mu mva rusange. Imiryango n'abarokotse bahaza kunamira ababo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Nyamasheke - 15,629 Bodies of Genocide Victims Accorded Decent Burial |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201905290070.html |url-access=subscription |website=allAfrica.com |date=2019-05-29 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> Kuri uru rwibutso hari imurikabikorwa ry'amafoto n'ibyapa by'urwibutso, kandi ni ahantu ho kwigishiriza amahoro no gukumira Jenoside.<ref name="dewilde" /><!-- Inkomoko ni urubuga rw'umufotozi; hakenewe inkomoko yizewe. --> == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == === Inyandiko === {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyamasheke Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |format=PDF |language=rw |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&t=f&f=62375&token=469fde1fcd0c49528de3d70184b7a35b80677e38}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyamasheke, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ba2aazobfsaizl57lm0inkd5gl4bak6 0 23129 140434 140362 2026-09-30T09:12:33Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140434 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyundo | image = [[Dosiye:NyundoGenocideMemorial01.jpg|280px]] | caption = Imbere h'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Nyundo | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata–Gicurasi 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.706385|29.326511|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyundo''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira haherereye i Nyundo, mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rwibuka [[Abatutsi]] biciwe muri paruwasi ya Nyundo no mu masegiteri ayikikije hagati y'itariki ya 7 Mata n'iya 2 Gicurasi 1994, mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:NyundoGenocideMemorial11.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cyerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso uturutse ku muhanda munini (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Nyundo, mu [[Akarere ka Rubavu]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], hafi ya Katedrali ya Nyundo n'[[Umugezi wa Sebeya|umugezi wa Sebeya]].<ref name="cnlg">{{Cite book |author=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref name="gar">{{Cite web |author=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |title=Nyundo Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyundo_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> Ni rumwe mu nzibutso, amarimbi n'imva rusange za kera bifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Enye muri izo nzibutso — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — zashyizwe ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO kuva mu 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> == Amateka == === Ubwicanyi bwo muri Mata na Gicurasi 1994 === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Ibitero ku Batutsi b'i Nyundo byatangiye ku wa 7 Mata 1994, bukeye bw'ihanurwa ry'indege ya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], bikomeza kugeza ku wa 2 Gicurasi 1994. Abarwanashyaka b'[[Interahamwe]] n'aba CDR bateye imiryango y'Abatutsi yari ituye muri ako gace. Bamwe mu bagabye ibitero bari bambaye imyambaro imwe cyangwa bitwikiriye amakoma kugira ngo bamenyane.<ref name="gar" /> Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu kigo cya paruwasi gatolika ya Nyundo, bibwira ko bahakingirwa. Abari bakusanyirijwe mu nyubako za Kiliziya baragoswe, barabica. Muri bo harimo abagore n'abana bari bahungiye muri shapeli.<ref name="gar" /> Ububiko bw'amateka ya Jenoside (Genocide Archive of Rwanda) bubarura abazize Jenoside bagera kuri 851 bashyinguye muri uru rwibutso. Uwo mubare urimo abiciwe mu kigo cya paruwasi ya Nyundo n'abaturutse mu masegiteri ya Nyundo, Kanama na Rugerero.<ref name="gar" /> Inyandiko ya kera y'ikarita y'Ikigo gishinzwe isesengura ry'imiterere y'ahantu (Center for Geographic Analysis) cya Kaminuza ya Harvard yo ivuga imibiri igera ku 2&nbsp;100, itavuga niba uwo mubare ureba agace kamwe cyangwa igihe kimwe cyo gushyingura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyundo Genocide Memorial |url=http://genocidememorials.cga.harvard.edu/nyundo.html |website=Center for Geographic Analysis, Harvard University |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> === Ishyirwaho n'iyimurwa ry'urwibutso === [[Dosiye:NyundoGenocideMemorial03.jpg|thumb|left|Aho urwibutso rwahoze (Kanama 2025)]] Nyuma ya Jenoside hubatswe urwibutso rwa mbere kugira ngo abazize Jenoside bashyingurwe kandi imiryango ibone aho kunamira ababo. Icyo gihe rwari mu kigo cya Kiliziya cya Nyundo, hagati y'ishuri n'iseminari.<!-- Nta nkomoko mu ngingo y'Igifaransa. --> Mu 2012, imyuzure y'umugezi wa Sebeya yangije urwibutso n'imva. Kubera ko ubutaka bwaho bwari bworoshye kwangirika, abayobozi bafashe icyemezo cyo kwimurira urwibutso ahantu hatibasirwa cyane n'imyuzure.<ref name="gar" /> Urwibutso rushya rugamije kubungabunga imibiri, amazina n'amateka y'abiciwe muri paruwasi no mu masegiteri ayikikije. Rwifashishwa kandi mu gutegura imihango yo kwibuka no kugeza amateka ya Jenoside ku bandi.<!-- Nta nkomoko mu ngingo y'Igifaransa. --> {{clear}} == Abazize Jenoside n'urwibutso rwa Diyosezi == [[Dosiye:NyundoGenocideMemorial06.jpg|thumb|Amafoto y'abapadiri n'abihayimana bishwe muri Jenoside, amurikwa mu rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rurimo aho babika amagufwa, imva rusange, ibyapa byanditseho amazina y'abazize Jenoside bamenyekanye n'amafoto y'abihayimana bishwe mu 1994.<ref name="nt2024">{{Cite news |last=Nsanzimana |first=Germain |title=Survivors call for “proper preservation” of Nyundo Diocese genocide history |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/15883/news/kwibuka/survivors-call-for-proper-preservation-of-nyundo-diocese-genocide-history |work=The New Times |date=2024-04-10 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-17}}</ref> Umwepiskopi wa Nyundo, Anaclet Mwumvaneza, avuga ko uru rwibutso ari ho hashyinguwe abapadiri benshi ba Diyosezi bishwe muri Jenoside. Umushakashatsi Tom Ndahiro ahuza kandi aha hantu n'amateka y'abihayimana barwanyije ingengabitekerezo y'amoko n'ivangura, barimo uwahoze ari Umwepiskopi [[Aloys Bigirumwami]].<ref name="nt2024" /> Donatha Mukeshimana, warokotse Jenoside wo mu Murenge wa Nyundo, avuga ko imibiri y'abamwe mu bishwe yatemaguwe mbere yo gutwarwa mu ngorofani ikajugunywa mu byobo rusange. Avuga ko imibiri myinshi itaraboneka cyangwa ngo imenyekane.<ref name="nt2024" /> == Kwibuka no kubungabunga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwakira imigoroba yo kwibuka, misa n'imihango yo kwibuka itegurwa mu gihe cya ''[[Kwibuka]]'' buri mwaka. Imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, abarokotse, abahagarariye Diyosezi n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze bahaza kunamira abishwe.<!-- Nta nkomoko mu ngingo y'Igifaransa. --> Abarokotse basaba ko amateka y'ubwicanyi bwakorewe muri Diyosezi ya Nyundo yandikwa neza kandi akagezwa ku barusura. Basaba kandi ko amafoto, ubuhamya n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'abishwe bibikwa neza.<ref name="nt2024" /> Amashyirahamwe y'abarokotse, arimo Ibuka, agira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kwibuka no kugeza amateka ya Nyundo ku rubyiruko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyundo |url=https://www.ibuka.app/nyundo/ |website=Ibuka Mémoire et Justice |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |location=Woodbridge |publisher=James Currey |series=Religion in Transforming Africa, 9 |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |url=https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781800103818/the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-and-the-rwandan-churches/ |language=en |access-date=2025-09-17}} === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Kiliziya Gatolika]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyundo Genocide Memorial}} * {{Cite web |title=Nyundo Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyundo_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyundo, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] devwl9uu4scbwawo52k72os03i24xcp 0 23133 140435 140369 2026-09-30T09:12:36Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho | image = [[Dosiye:KibehoGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = Amajyepfo | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = [[Kibeho]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.644822|29.553655|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho''' rwibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] muri Mata 1994 i [[Kibeho]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho ruherereye i [[Kibeho]], mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]], hafi y'ahantu h'[[Ibonekerwa ry’i Kibeho|amabonekerwa ya Bikira Mariya]].<ref name="gar">{{Cite web |title=Kibeho Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Kibeho_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa yifashisha kandi urubuga mindtrip.ai; ntirwashyizwe hano kuko ari urubuga rwandikwa n'ikoranabuhanga (AI), atari inkomoko yizewe. --> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] == Amateka == [[Dosiye:KibehoGenocideMemorial09.jpg|left|thumb|Imbere h'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho rwubatswe aho, muri Mata 1994, ibihumbi by'[[Abatutsi]] byiciwe nyuma yo guhungira muri Kiliziya Gatolika no mu nkengero zayo. Aha hantu habereye ubwicanyi bw'ubugome bukabije, bwagizemo uruhare abasivili n'abarwanashyaka b'umutwe w'[[Interahamwe]]. Nyuma ya Jenoside, hubatswe urwibutso rwo guha icyubahiro abazize Jenoside basaga 28&nbsp;000, imibiri yabo ikaba iruhukiye mu mva rusange.<ref name="gar" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Korman |first=Rémi |title=Rwanda (épisode 2) |journal=Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire |issue=118 |pages=223–225 |date=2014-10-01 |issn=2031-4183 |doi=10.4000/temoigner.1077 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/temoigner/1077 |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibeho Genocide Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/vts/Kibeho%20Files/index.htm |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:KibehoGenocideMemorial06.jpg|thumb|Paruwasi Gatolika iteganye n'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Kibeho rurangwa na Kiliziya ya Bikira Mariya w'Ababara, yangiritse cyane muri Jenoside, n'imurikwa ry'imyenda, amafoto n'ibintu bwite by'abazize Jenoside. Buri mwaka rwakira imihango yo kwibuka kandi rusurwa n'Abanyarwanda benshi n'abanyamahanga, cyane cyane kubera isano rufitanye n'[[Ibonekerwa ry’i Kibeho|amabonekerwa ya Bikira Mariya i Kibeho]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kibeho Genocide Memorial Archives |url=http://diplomatmagazine.eu/tag/kibeho-genocide-memorial/ |website=Diplomat Magazine |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa ishingira iki gika kuri mindtrip.ai (urubuga rwandikwa na AI), ku rupapuro rw'ibirango rwa Diplomat Magazine no ku nyandiko ya Australian War Memorial ivuga ku bwicanyi bwabereye mu nkambi ya Kibeho mu 1995, atari kuri Jenoside yo mu 1994. Ibivugwa hano (izina rya kiliziya, imurikwa ry'imyenda n'amafoto) bikeneye inkomoko yizewe. --> == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == === Inyandiko === {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * Laurent Bucyibaruta * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Ibonekerwa ry’i Kibeho]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kibeho Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite journal |last=Korman |first=Rémi |title=Espaces sacrés et sites de massacre après le génocide des Tutsi : les enjeux de la patrimonialisation des églises au Rwanda |journal=Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire |issue=137 |pages=155–167 |publisher=Presses de Sciences Po |year=2018 |issn=0294-1759 |doi=10.3917/ving.137.0155 |url=https://www.cairn.info/revue-vingtieme-siecle-revue-d-histoire-2018-1-page-155.htm |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kibeho, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] rkke18mr2ebt5k4y60xal2jaa7p1bpv 0 23135 140436 140371 2026-09-30T09:12:39Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisenyi | image = [[Dosiye:Vue du mémorial du génocide à Gisenyi.png|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisenyi, rurebewe inyuma y'urugo rwarwo (Ugushyingo 2022) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rubavu|Rubavu]] | label4 = Umujyi | data4 = [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.673485|29.265346|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisenyi''' ruherereye mu gice cyo hejuru cy'umujyi wa [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]], hafi y'aho usohokera werekeza mu majyaruguru. Rwibuka [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] yo mu 1994. Harashyinguye abantu bagera ku 12&nbsp;000. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:Mémorial du génocide à Gisenyi au Rwanda.png|left|thumb|259px|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gisenyi, rurebewe inyuma y'urugo rwarwo (Ugushyingo 2022)]] Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu zitubatswe ahahoze kiliziya.<!-- Nta nkomoko mu ngingo y'Igifaransa. --> Ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso z'igihugu]] zo mu Rwanda zibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Izindi ni [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |website=UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2015-03-04}}</ref><!-- Mu ngingo y'Igifaransa umutwe w'iyi nkomoko wanditswe nabi (« Gisenyi » aho kuba « Nyamata »); hano wakosowe. --> Mu Rwanda hari inzibutso zisaga 250 zanditse zibuka Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gisenyi Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/gisenyi-genocide-memorial-site/ |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == Urwibutso ni ho hashyinguye abantu bagera ku 12&nbsp;000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Genocide Memorial Sites |url=https://visitrwandatour.com/destinations/rwanda-genocide-memorial-sites/ |website=Visit Rwanda Tour |language=en |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorial Park |url=https://barefootartists.org/the-rwanda-healing-project/genocide-memorial-park/ |website=Barefoot Artists |language=en |access-date=2023-05-01}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Gisenyi Genocide memorial center Rwanda |url=https://www.rwandagorillatrekking.com/genocide/gisenyi-memorial-site.html |website=Rwanda Gorilla Trekking |date=2014-02-01 |language=en |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref> Ni rwo rwa mbere rwubatswe na Ibuka.<ref name="maasai">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda Genocide Memorial Sites |url=https://www.maasaimarakenyapark.com/information/rwanda-genocide-memorial-sites/ |website=Maasai Mara National Reserve |date=2021-07-21 |language=en |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref> Harimo imva y'Umunyamerikakazi washinze ikigo cyita ku mfubyi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Memorial Sites in Rwanda - Rwanda Genocide tour |url=https://www.habariugandatours.com/memorial-sites-rwanda/ |website=Habari Uganda Tours |date=2019-12-29 |language=en |access-date=2023-05-01}}</ref><ref name="maasai" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Identification des sites du génocide et des massacres (février 1996) |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/MemorialGenocideIdentificationSitesGenocideFevrier1996.pdf |format=PDF |website=France Génocide Tutsi |language=fr}}</ref><!-- Inkomoko nyinshi z'iki gika ni imbuga z'ibigo by'ubukerarugendo. Ibivugwa ku mva y'Umunyamerikakazi (izina rye ntirivugwa) bikeneye inkomoko yizewe. --> Ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 1992, [[León Mugesera|Léon Mugesera]], icyo gihe wari mu biro bya politiki bya [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]], yavugiye i Gisenyi ati:<ref>{{Cite web |title=25e Commémoration du Génocide perpétré contre les Tutsis |url=http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf |archive-url=https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20230430065746/http://kwibuka.rw/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Kwibuka25_Booklet_French_Web.pdf?_t=1555320707 |archive-date=2023-04-30 |url-status=dead |website=kwibuka.rw |language=fr}}</ref> {{Blockquote|Ubu ndabwira mwebwe Batutsi, mwa nyenzi mwe. Mbamenyesha ko igihugu cyanyu ari Etiyopiya, kandi vuba aha tugiye kubasubizayo tubanyujije muri Nyabarongo. Kuri iyi nshuro, tuzica n'abana.}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == * [[Umujyi wa Rubavu|Gisenyi]] * Ubwicanyi bwo muri Mutarama 1998 i Gisenyi == Ihuza ryo hanze == {{Commonscat|Gisenyi Genocide Memorial}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bw'amateka ya Jenoside mu Rwanda] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gisenyi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rubavu]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] bd5jjxpzwagi2lb8s4ifziogorrgq0t 0 23136 140437 140373 2026-09-30T09:12:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngororero | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngororero|Ngororero]] | label4 = Umujyi | data4 = Ngororero | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.936626|29.628312|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngororero''' rwibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] muri Mata 1994 i Ngororero, umujyi wo mu [[Akarere ka Ngororero]] mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u Rwanda, mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngororero ruherereye i Ngororero, icyicaro cy'[[Akarere ka Ngororero|akarere kitwa izina rimwe]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]].<ref name="gar">{{Cite web |title=Ngororero Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Ngororero_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngororero ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso n'imva rusange nyinshi]] ziri ku butaka bw'u Rwanda no hanze yabwo, zifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Zimwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu Murage w'Isi wa UNESCO. == Amateka == Urwibutso rwa Ngororero rwashyizweho kugira ngo hubahwe ibihumbi by'[[Abatutsi]] biciwe muri ako karere mu 1994.<!-- Nta nkomoko mu ngingo y'Igifaransa. --> Kuri uru rwibutso hari imva rusange nyinshi, n'inyubako zakira abarokotse n'imiryango mu gihe cyo kwibuka buri mwaka.<ref name="nt2009" /> Mu 2009, hatangajwe ko urwibutso ruzavugururwa kugira ngo rurusheho kubungabunga urwibutso rw'abazize Jenoside no kwakira imihango ya Leta.<ref name="nt2009">{{Cite news |title=Ngororero memorial site to be modernised |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/19039/National/ngororero-memorial-site-to-be-modernised |work=The New Times |date=2009-04-18 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> Urwibutso ni kandi ahantu h'ingenzi mu bikorwa byo kwibuka Jenoside biba buri mwaka mu Rwanda.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hundreds of Youths arrived at Ngororero #Genocide memorial site after the Walk to remember. |url=https://x.com/RwandaICT/status/734311151627075584 |website=Minisiteri y'Ikoranabuhanga n'Itumanaho (X) |date=2016-05-22 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref><!-- Inkomoko ni ubutumwa kuri X; ntibuhagije ngo bushyigikire ko urwibutso ari « ahantu h'ingenzi ». --> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Ngororero ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'ibihumbi by'abazize Jenoside, kandi ni ahantu ho kunamira, kwigisha amateka no guhurira mu minsi ikomeye yo kwibuka.<ref name="gar" /> Rurimo ibimenyetso by'urwibutso, ibyapa by'urwibutso n'ahantu ho kwakirira imiryango y'abazize Jenoside n'abarokotse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=In an evolving terrain, every genocide commemoration counts |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/opinion/columnists/in-an-evolving-terrain-every-genocide-commemoration-counts--1388262 |url-access=subscription |website=The East African |date=2020-07-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-07-27}}</ref><!-- Inyandiko y'igitekerezo isaba kwiyandikisha; ntibyagenzuwe ko ivuga ku rwibutso rwa Ngororero. --> == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == === Inyandiko === {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ngororero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngororero]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] sa5308n9k1y8v0dvnku5voqrgdgpx0g 0 23137 140438 140375 2026-09-30T09:12:45Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyanika | image = [[Dosiye:Cyanika Genocide Memorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyanika (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = Amajyepfo | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Cyanika | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.441042|29.603279|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyanika''' rwibuka ubwicanyi bwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] muri Mata 1994 i Cyanika, mu majyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]], mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]]. == Amateka n'aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:Cyanika Genocide Memorial18.jpg|left|thumb|Imbere mu rwibutso (imibiri y'abazize Jenoside ibitswe mu byumba biri inyuma y'imiryango) (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyanika ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|hantu henshi mu Rwanda hagenewe kwibuka abazize]] Jenoside yo mu 1994. Ruherereye mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], hafi ya Murambi, mu [[Rwanda]].<ref name="viebach">{{Cite web |author=Julia Viebach |title=Mediating ‘Absence-Presence’ at Rwanda’s Genocide Memorials: Of Caretaking, Memory and Proximity to the Dead |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80f4e15a-84fa-4f12-84c6-7ae62492e83f/files/mc8f684f63f5988ddc4cb5186140aace9 |format=PDF |website=Oxford University Research Archive |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> Uru rwibutso rwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994. Rwatashywe mu 2012 na [[Jeannette Kagame]], kandi ni ahantu ho kunamira no kwibuka ibihumbi by'Abatutsi biciwe muri aka karere.<ref name="nt2012a">{{Cite news |author=Times Reporter |title=First Lady opens Cyanika Genocide memorial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/75353/first-lady-opens-cyanika-genocide-memorial |work=The New Times |date=2012-06-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-03-18}}</ref> Urwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside isaga 35&nbsp;000, kandi ni ahantu abarokotse n'imiryango yabuze ababo bibukira kandi bagatekereza ku bugome bwakozwe.<ref name="nt2012a" /><ref>{{Cite news |author=Times Reporter |title=Over 30,000 Genocide victims to get decent burial at new site |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/68087/National/over-30000-genocide-victims-to-get-decent-burial-at-new-site |work=The New Times |date=2012-02-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-03-18}}</ref> Damascene, ukora ku rwibutso rwa Cyanika, yabwiye umushakashatsi Julia Viebach mu 2014 ati:<ref name="viebach" /> {{Blockquote|Iyo nje ku rwibutso, numva ndi hafi cyane ya bashiki banjye na basaza banjye biciwe hano. Iyo mfite ibibazo, mpungira ku rwibutso, nzi ko abavandimwe banjye bari mu bapfuye.}} Mu Ukwakira 2019, mu muhango wabereye ku rwibutso rwa Cyanika, Minisitiri w'Ubutabera, Johnston Busingye, yongeye gushimangira ko Leta itazihanganira abahisha amakuru y'aho imibiri y'abazize Jenoside iri, ashimangira akamaro ko gukorera mu mucyo n'ubutabera ku miryango y'abazize Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Government will no longer tolerate people who withhold information about the whereabouts of genocide victims – Minister Busingye Johnston |url=https://www.minijust.gov.rw/news-detail/the-government-will-no-longer-tolerate-people-who-withhold-information-about-the-whereabouts-of-genocide-victims-minister-busingye-johnston |website=Minisiteri y'Ubutabera |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka y'ubwicanyi == [[Dosiye:Cyanika Genocide Memorial27.jpg|thumb|310px|Ahari kimwe mu byobo imirambo y'abishwe yashyizwemo hakoreshejwe imashini isunika itaka (« Caterpillar »). Iyo mibiri yimuriwe mu nyubako nshya yubatswe mu 2012 (Kanama 2025)]] Muri Jenoside, Kiliziya Gatolika ya Cyanika yabaye ahantu h'ubwicanyi aho Abatutsi benshi bari bahahungiye biciwe.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Major |first=Laura |title=Unearthing, untangling and re-articulating genocide corpses in Rwanda |journal=Critical African Studies |issue=2 |pages=164–181 |date=2015-05-04 |issn=2168-1392 |doi=10.1080/21681392.2015.1028206 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21681392.2015.1028206 |language=en |access-date=2025-03-18}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Cyanika Genocide Memorial}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bw'amateka ya Jenoside mu Rwanda] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite web |author=Elisabeth King |title=Memory Controversies in Post-Genocide Rwanda: Implications for Peacebuilding |url=https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1095&context=gsp |website=digitalcommons.usf.edu |language=en |access-date=2025-03-18}} * {{Cite web |author=Julia Viebach |title=Mediating ‘Absence-Presence’ at Rwanda’s Genocide Memorials: Of Caretaking, Memory and Proximity to the Dead |url=https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:80f4e15a-84fa-4f12-84c6-7ae62492e83f/files/mc8f684f63f5988ddc4cb5186140aace9 |website=Oxford University Research Archive |date=November 2019 |language=en |access-date=2025-03-18}} * {{Cite book |last=Longman |first=Timothy |title=Memory and Justice in Post-Genocide Rwanda |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2017 |url=https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/memory-and-justice-in-postgenocide-rwanda/ |language=en}} * {{Cite journal |last=Korman |first=Rémi |title=Les universitaires et intellectuels rwandais à l'épreuve du génocide des Tutsi : première mémoire, première histoire |journal=Framespa |url=https://journals.openedition.org/framespa/13693 |language=fr |access-date=2025-03-18}} * {{Cite web |title=Preparation and execution of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |website=francegenocidetutsi.org |date=February 2021 |language=en |access-date=2025-03-18}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |location=Woodbridge |publisher=James Currey |series=Religion in Transforming Africa, 9 |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |url=https://boydellandbrewer.com/9781800103818/the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-and-the-rwandan-churches/ |language=en |access-date=2025-09-17}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cyanika, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 9q3unqounvphco2p0exs31nkmu46ios 0 23138 140439 140376 2026-09-30T09:12:48Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kaduha | image = [[Dosiye:KaduhaGenocideMemorial17.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kaduha (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = Amajyepfo | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe|Nyamagabe]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Kaduha | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (Mata 1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.335637|29.522778|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kaduha''' rwibuka abazize ubwicanyi bwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] muri Mata 1994 muri paruwasi ya Kaduha, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, mu gihe cya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]].<!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa ivuga « Akarere ka Nyaruguru » mu ntangiriro; Kaduha iri mu Karere ka Nyamagabe (Genocide Archive of Rwanda). --> == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kaduha rwubatse mu Mudugudu wa Bamba, Akagari ka Kavumu, Umurenge wa Kaduha, [[Akarere ka Nyamagabe]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro.<ref name="gar">{{Cite web |title=Kaduha Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Kaduha_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive of Rwanda |language=rw |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref><!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa yanditse nabi aho ruherereye (« secteur de Bamba », « région de Mayaga »); hano hakosowe hakurikijwe Genocide Archive of Rwanda. --> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kaduha ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso n'imva rusange nyinshi]] ziri ku butaka bw'u Rwanda no hanze yabwo, zifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe [[Abatutsi]] mu 1994. Ubwo yarutahaga, [[Paul Kagame]] yashimangiye ko ari ngombwa kwibuka ibyabaye kugira ngo Jenoside itazongera kubaho ukundi. Yashishikarije Abanyarwanda guhangana n'ibibazo bateza imbere ubumwe, ubutabera, ubwiyunge, no kurwanya ubukene n'imiyoborere mibi.<ref name="irin">{{Cite web |author=IRIN News |title=Inauguration du Mémorial du génocide à Kaduha |url=https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/fr/actualit%C3%A9s/2001/07/24/inauguration-du-m%C3%A9morial-du-g%C3%A9nocide-%C3%A0-kaduha |website=The New Humanitarian |date=2001-07-24 |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:KaduhaGenocideMemorial02.jpg|left|thumb|Imva rusange (Kanama 2025)]] Ubwicanyi bukomeye bwabereye i Kaduha ku wa 21 Mata 1994. Kaduha ni hamwe mu hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi muri Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, nyuma ya Mushubi (7 Mata), [[Kibeho]] (14 Mata) na Muganza (16 Mata). Ibihumbi by'Abatutsi bari barigeze guhungira muri paruwasi za Kaduha, Cyanika na Kibeho mu bwicanyi bwo muri Noheli ya 1963–1964.<ref name="dumas">{{Cite journal |last=Dumas |first=Hélène |title=« Afin de mettre une marque en ce temps ». Kaduha, avril 1994 : un album de l’attestation |journal=Sensibilités |issue=10 |pages=28–45 |year=2021 |doi=10.3917/sensi.010.0028 |language=fr}}</ref> Igitero cyo ku wa 21 Mata 1994 cyibasiye kiliziya n'inyubako za paruwasi, ndetse n'ibigo nderabuzima n'amashuri byari hafi aho. Abatangabuhamya basobanura uko impunzi zakusanyirijwe i Kaduha babwirwa ko ari ukugira ngo zirindwe, hanyuma zikicwa. Claude Ndorimana warokotse, wigaga mu ishuri ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi rya Kaduha, yavuze ko yahungiye muri paruwasi ari kumwe n'umuryango we, amaze kumva ko bene wabo bishwe. Yatanze ubuhamya ku bwicanyi bwabereye mu ishuri no mu bitaro, no ku ishyingurwa ry'abishwe, barimo na murumuna we w'imyaka itandatu wari ukiri muzima. François Shikama, umuhinzi, na we yatanze ubuhamya ko yabonye abantu bicirwa kuri bariyeri yari hafi y'« Umuzungukazi » (Umubikira Milgitha) no kuri kiliziya.<ref name="dumas" /><ref name="cpcr">{{Cite web |title=Procès de Laurent Bucyibaruta du mercredi 8 juin 2022 |url=https://www.collectifpartiescivilesrwanda.fr/proces-de-laurent-bucyibaruta-du-mercredi-8-juin-2022-j19/ |website=Collectif des parties civiles pour le Rwanda |date=2022-06-09 |language=fr}}</ref> Imva rusange z'i Kaduha zabanje kuba imyobo impunzi zacukuye zibitegetswe n'abayobozi, bavuga ko ari imisarane, nyuma iza kujugunywamo imirambo y'abishwe. Hari ibihembo, nk'umuceri cyangwa amafaranga byatangwaga n'Umubikira Milgitha, byahabwaga abatwaraga imirambo.<ref name="cpcr" /> Ku rwibutso rwa Kaduha hakunze kubera imihango yo kwibuka. Itariki yo kwibuka ihindagurika buri mwaka bitewe na gahunda y'inzego z'ubuyobozi, ariko nk'uko abatangabuhamya babyemeza, yakabaye iya 21 Mata, umunsi Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri kiliziya bishwe.<ref name="gar" /><!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa yanditse « 21 Nyakanga »; inkomoko (Genocide Archive of Rwanda) ivuga 21 Mata. --> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:KaduhaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|352px|Amashuri, kiliziya n'ibitaro biri hafi y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Kaduha rwubatswe ku bufatanye bw'abaturage.<ref name="irin" /> Ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gusura, kandi ni ingenzi mu bushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside, cyane cyane kubera inyandiko n'amafoto byabitswe n'umubikira w'Umudage Milgitha Kösser (1936–2016). Yari umuyobozi w'ikigo nderabuzima cya Kaduha kuva mu 1973, akaba yarabaye umuhamya utagira icyo ashobora gukora ku wa 21 Mata 1994. Yakoze alubumu y'amafoto 193, yo hagati ya 1992 na 1995, agaragaza uburemere bw'ubwicanyi n'isenywa ry'ibintu, ndetse no gutesha agaciro imirambo, ahantu n'ibintu by'idini. Iyo alubumu ni inyandiko y'ingenzi yo gusobanukirwa n'ibyabereye i Kaduha.<ref name="dumas" /><ref name="politika">{{Cite web |title=Une traversée des mondes : matérialités et logiques du génocide des Tutsi |url=https://www.politika.io/fr/article/traversee-mondes-materialites-logiques-du-genocide-tutsi |website=Politika |language=fr |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref> Ubushakashatsi ku byabereye i Kaduha bugaragaza kandi uburyo abakoze Jenoside bagoretse ururimi: amagambo nka ''gutabara'' yakoreshwaga mu kuvuga kongera ingufu z'udutsiko tw'abicanyi. Imvugo zijyanye n'« akazi » cyangwa « inshingano z'ubuyobozi » zasobanuraga uburinzi bwo kuri bariyeri zicirwagaho abantu. N'amagambo yo mu birori yakoreshejwe mu kuvuga ibirori by'abicanyi.<ref name="dumas" /> Imiterere y'i Kaduha, ifite imisozi ihanamye n'imikoki miremire, yahinduye paruwasi umutego mu gihe cy'ubwicanyi, bituma guhunga bitashobokera abishwe batari bafite uko birwanaho.<ref name="politika" /> <!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa ifite ibika bitatu by'inyongera (ku miterere y'ahantu nk'amashuri, kiliziya n'ibitaro; ku mvugo; no ku « nshingano ebyiri » z'urwibutso) bishingiye ku nyandiko rusange za CNLG zitavuga kuri Kaduha. Ntibyashyizwe hano kuko ari isesengura ridashingiye ku nkomoko zivuga kuri Kaduha. --> == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * Milgitha Kösser * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kaduha Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite journal |last=Dumas |first=Hélène |title=« Afin de mettre une marque en ce temps ». Kaduha, avril 1994 : un album de l’attestation |journal=Sensibilités |issue=10 |pages=28–45 |year=2021 |doi=10.3917/sensi.010.0028 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kaduha, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamagabe]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] rg0l5jv9g4oodr6n44muxbjkbgjm08f 0 23139 140440 140377 2026-09-30T09:12:51Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro | image = [[Dosiye:Nyanza-KicuciroGenocideMemorial30.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] | label4 = Aho ruri | data4 = Nyanza, Umurenge wa Kagarama, Akagari ka Rukatsa | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.00076|30.09288|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro''' ni urwibutso ruri i [[Kigali]], mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], aho haruhukiye abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] basaga 100&nbsp;000. Aha hantu hafitanye isano rya hafi n'igenda ry'ingabo za MINUAR zari mu Ishuri ry'Imyuga (École technique officielle, ETO) rya Kicukiro ku wa 11 Mata 1994, n'ubwicanyi bwakurikiyeho ku musozi wa Nyanza. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Nyanza, mu Murenge wa Kagarama, mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'umujyi rwagati wa Kigali, hafi y'ishuri ''Integrated Polytechnic Regional College'' (IPRC), ryahoze ari École technique officielle ya Kicukiro (ETO).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorial Nyanza Kicukiro |url=https://mapcarta.com/N10931526438 |website=Mapcarta |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro ni ahantu ho kwibukira abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] mu 1994. Ruri mu nzibutso z'igihugu zahariwe kwibuka ibyo byabaye. Ruri iruhande rw'[[Ubusitani bwa Nyanza|Ubusitani bw'urwibutso bwa Nyanza]], ubusitani bwo kwigisha amateka bwatashywe mu 2022.<ref name="gac">{{Cite web |title=Garden of Memory – Nyanza Kicukiro |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/garden-of-memory-nyanza-kicukiro-government-of-rwanda/-QG2Ywplz-RviQ |website=Google Arts & Culture / Rwanda Cultural Heritage Academy |date=2022-09-11 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|nzibutso]], imva rusange n'ahantu ho kwibukira biri hirya no hino mu [[Rwanda]] no mu mahanga, bifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Enye muri zo — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — zashyizwe mu Murage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Nyanza-KicuciroGenocideMemorial28.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa cyanditseho amazina ku rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro (Kanama 2025)]] Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, nyuma y'igenda ry'ingabo z'Ababiligi za MINUAR zari zirinze École technique officielle ya Kicukiro, ibihumbi by'impunzi z'Abatutsi byategetswe kuva mu kigo cy'ishuri bijyanwa ku musozi wa Nyanza, aho byiciwe ku gicamunsi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=L’ETO de Kigali, mauvaise conscience de l’ONU au Rwanda |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2019/04/07/l-ecole-technique-officielle-de-kigali-mauvaise-conscience-de-l-onu-au-rwanda_5446874_3212.html |work=Le Monde |date=2019-04-07 |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=View of a burial site in Nyanza, Rwanda |url=https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/photo/view-of-a-burial-site-in-nyanza-rwanda |website=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyanza Memorial Site |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/nyanza-memorial-site/ |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref><!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa ikoresha kandi urubuga mindtrip.ai (rwandikwa na AI); ntirwashyizwe hano. --> Bivugwa ko hishwe abantu nibura 2&nbsp;000, barimo abana benshi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=ICT Sector Honours Genocide Victims at Nyanza Memorial |url=https://www.risa.gov.rw/news-detail/ict-sector-honours-genocide-victims-at-nyanza-memorial |website=Rwanda Information Society Authority |date=2023-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyanza Genocide Memorial Tour In Kigali |url=https://www.africanmeccasafaris.com/travel-guide/rwanda/towns-city/kigali/tours-activities/nyanza-genocide-memorial |website=AfricanMecca Safaris |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yataburuwe mu bice bitandukanye by'umujyi yagiye ikusanyirizwa i Nyanza igashyingurwa mu cyubahiro. Muri Gicurasi 2022, imibiri mishya 9&nbsp;181 yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro kuri uru rwibutso.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwanda: Over 9000 Genocide Victims Get Decent Burial |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202205270111.html |work=The New Times (via allAfrica) |date=2022-05-27 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> Muri Mata 2021, ubuyobozi bw'Umujyi wa [[Kigali]] bwavugaga ko i Nyanza hashyinguye abantu basaga 96&nbsp;000,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide victims at Nyanza memorial honoured by City Authorities |url=https://www.kigalicity.gov.rw/news-detail/genocide-victims-at-nyanza-memorial-honoured-by-city-authorities0 |website=City of Kigali |date=2021-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> umubare wageze ku basaga 105&nbsp;000 nk'uko byatangajwe ku mugaragaro mu gihe cya ''Kwibuka31'' mu 2025.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka31 – At Nyanza-Kicukiro we honour over 105,000 victims |url=https://www.facebook.com/CityofKigali/posts/1109676151202191/ |website=City of Kigali (Facebook) |date=2025-04-07 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref><!-- Inkomoko ni ubutumwa kuri Facebook. --> [[Ubusitani bwa Nyanza|Ubusitani bw'urwibutso]] buri iruhande rwarwo, bwatekerejwe n'umuryango Ibuka ufatanyije n'umunyabugeni Bruce Clarke, bwatashywe ku mugaragaro ku wa 11 Nzeri 2022 na [[Jeannette Kagame]].<ref name="gac" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=French artist explains origin of Nyanza-based Jardin de la Mémoire |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/FrenchArtistExplainsOriginOfJardinDeLaMemoireTnT13092022.pdf |format=PDF |website=The New Times (francegenocidetutsi.org) |date=2022-09-13 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:Nyanza-KicuciroGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|295px|Ubwinjiriro bw'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rurimo imva rusange nyinshi zisizweho amakaro n'ibyapa byanditseho amazina y'abazize Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Monument Listing Names of Victims – Nyanza Genocide Memorial Site |url=https://open.library.ubc.ca/cIRcle/collections/facultyresearchandpublications/52383/items/1.0056098 |website=University of British Columbia Open Collections |date=2012-07-01 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> Buri mwaka rwakira imihango yo [[Kwibuka]] n'urugendo rwo kwibuka (''Walk to Remember'') ruhera kuri IPRC (yahoze ari ETO).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Commemoration at Nyanza-Kicukiro Genocide Memorial |url=https://www.parliament.gov.rw/news-detail?tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=34972 |website=Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'u Rwanda |date=2024-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> Urwibutso ruri ku rutonde rwa Ibuka, rugaragaza ko ruri i Kicukiro kandi rufite imva rusange enye z'ingenzi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyanza Genocide Memorial |url=https://www.ibuka.rw/visitMemorial |website=Ibuka |language=en |access-date=2025-08-11}}</ref> == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Ubusitani bwa Nyanza]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyanza-Kicukiro Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyanza-Kicukiro, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kicukiro]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ohja0zhj6lw8eerbrffkiyuhi9w32db 0 23140 140441 140378 2026-09-30T09:12:54Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rusiga | image = [[Dosiye:Rusiga Genocide Memorial Site.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rusiga | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = Amajyaruguru | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rulindo|Rulindo]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rusiga | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.812906|29.938838|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rusiga''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], mu Murenge wa Rusiga, mu [[Akarere ka Rulindo]], mu Ntara y'Amajyaruguru y'u [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == Itorero ry'Abapantekoti rya Rusiga na Kiliziya Gatolika ya Rulindo ni ho hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi.<ref name="iprc" /> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Genocide Memory (cropped).jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rusiga]] Hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside basaga 6&nbsp;400.<!-- Nta nkomoko mu ngingo y'Igifaransa. --> Mu Karere ka Rulindo hari ahandi hantu umunani ho kwibukira no gushyingura; muri aho hantu hose, harimo n'urwibutso rwa Rusiga, hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside 18&nbsp;600 (imibare yo muri Werurwe 2014).<!-- Nta nkomoko mu ngingo y'Igifaransa. --> Ubwicanyi bw'Abatutsi bwabereye mu karere, cyane cyane mu Itorero ry'Abapantekoti rya Rusiga no muri Kiliziya Gatolika ya Rulindo.<ref name="iprc">{{Cite web |title=IPRC Tumba staff & Students Visited Rusiga Genocide Memorial Site |url=https://www.iprctumba.rp.ac.rw/updates/news-details?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=14797&cHash=c2460d62a25132ddd04d76c21709d44b&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250418060551/https://www.iprctumba.rp.ac.rw/updates/news-details?tx_news_pi1%5Bcontroller%5D=News&tx_news_pi1%5Bnews%5D=14797&cHash=c2460d62a25132ddd04d76c21709d44b&tx_news_pi1%5Baction%5D=detail |archive-date=2025-04-18 |url-status=dead |website=IPRC Tumba |language=en |access-date=2025-07-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka Flame of Remembrance reaches Rulindo District |url=https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/kwibuka-flame-of-remembrance-reaches-rulindo-district/ |website=Polisi y'u Rwanda |language=en}}</ref> <!-- Ingingo y'Igifaransa ivuga ko uru rwibutso « ruri ku rutonde rw'inzibutso za Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi na Bisesero » (UNESCO). Ibi si byo: urutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi rurimo izo nzibutso enye gusa. Ntibyashyizwe hano. --> {{clear}} == Ibisobanuro n'inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Nyamata]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rusiga Genocide Memorial}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200720072109/http://www.genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/ Ububiko bw'amateka ya Jenoside mu Rwanda] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |publisher=CNLG |location=Kigali |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rusiga, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rulindo]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 41bdaypi9484qyrk3jd0r4fkd6yx38y 0 23141 140442 140383 2026-09-30T09:12:57Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bazize | image = [[Dosiye:BazizeGenocideMemorial08.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bazize | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Macuba | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.291575|29.188628|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bazize''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Macuba, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:BazizeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bazize]] Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Macuba, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruri mu gice cy'iburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda kirimo inzibutso nyinshi zagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="GAR">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Bazize ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu. Izo nzibutso zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro abazize Jenoside, kubunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda's Genocide Memorial Sites |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/rwanda-39-s-genocide-memorial-sites-rwanda-cultural-heritage-academy/3AWxDwZwSfN6UQ |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Bazize ruri mu hantu ho kwibukira hashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kugira ngo habungabungwe urwibutso rw'abayizize bo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]. Inyandiko z'ingengo y'imari y'Akarere ka Nyamasheke zigaragaza amafaranga yagenewe kubungabunga inzibutso za Jenoside no gukora imirimo ijyanye n'inzibutso zo muri ako karere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=District expenditures for 2018-2021 period — Nyamasheke District |url=https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/REPORTS/National_Budget/District_Budget/2018-19_Approved_Budgets/Nyamasheke_District/ANNEX_II-1.pdf |website=Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |format=PDF |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Kimwe n'izindi nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, urwibutso rwa Bazize ni ahantu ho gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kunamira abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo [[Kwibuka]] n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Bazize Genocide Memorial}} * {{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Cyangugu |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bazize, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 0jts0zgao0x33uisedtmrs2ezzrbznp 0 23142 140443 140384 2026-09-30T09:13:00Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Birogo | image = [[Dosiye:BirogoGenocideMemorial03.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Birogo | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Gihombo | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.201089|29.259061|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Birogo''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Gihombo, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Gihombo, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruri mu burengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu gice kirimo ahantu henshi ho kwibukira abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="GAR">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Birogo ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu. Inzibutso zo mu Rwanda ni ahantu ho gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda's Genocide Memorial Sites |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/story/rwanda-39-s-genocide-memorial-sites-rwanda-cultural-heritage-academy/3AWxDwZwSfN6UQ |website=Google Arts & Culture |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:BirogoGenocideMemorial06.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Birogo]] Urwibutso rwa Birogo ruri mu hantu ho kwibukira hashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kugira ngo habungabungwe urwibutso rw'abayizize bo mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]. Inyandiko z'ingengo y'imari y'Akarere ka Nyamasheke zigaragaza amafaranga yagenewe kubungabunga inzibutso za Jenoside no gukora imirimo ijyanye n'inzibutso zo muri ako karere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=District expenditures for 2018-2021 period — Nyamasheke District |url=https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/REPORTS/National_Budget/District_Budget/2018-19_Approved_Budgets/Nyamasheke_District/ANNEX_II-1.pdf |website=Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning |format=PDF |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == === Bariyeri ya Birogo === Ku wa 13 Mata 1994, imodoka y'imbangukiragutabara yari itwaye abagore babiri b'Abatutsi, Dativa na Brigitte, abana babo n'umukobwa umwe ukiri muto, yahagarikiwe i Birogo na Joseph Mpambara n'abandi bagabo.<ref name="Mpambara">{{Cite web |title=Joseph Mpambara Judgment |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/JosephMpambaraJudgment23mars2009.pdf |website=France Génocide Tutsi |date=2009-03-23 |format=PDF |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Abari mu modoka bahatiwe gukomeza urugendo berekeza i [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero|Mugonero]], imodoka ikikijwe n'abagabye igitero.<ref name="Mpambara" /> Bageze i Mugonero, Dativa, Brigitte n'abana babo bakubiswe imihoro n'amahiri, baricwa.<ref name="Mpambara" /> Mu gitabo cye ''Briseurs de destins'', François-Xavier Nsanzuwera avuga urubanza rwa Joseph Mpambara mu isesengura rye ku mabariyeri yakoreshejwe mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="Nsanzuwera2024">{{Cite book |author=François-Xavier Nsanzuwera |chapter=Un génocide planifié, avec des hommes aux commandes |title=Briseurs de destins : Les cerveaux du génocide des Tutsis |publisher=Presses universitaires Saint-Louis Bruxelles |location=Bruxelles |year=2024 |url=https://books.openedition.org/pusl/34568 |language=fr |access-date=2026-08-10}}</ref> Asobanura ko amabariyeri yashyizweho muri Jenoside yakoreshwaga mu kumenya no gufata Abatutsi n'Abahutu bazwi ko batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, kandi ko yari ahantu hakorerwaga ihohoterwa, harimo n'ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina ryakorerwaga abagore b'Abatutsi.<ref name="Nsanzuwera2024" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bazize]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugonero]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Birogo Genocide Memorial}} * {{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Cyangugu |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Birogo, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] g5ypk4exg5am1249nswyof96un50mo7 0 23143 140444 140387 2026-09-30T09:13:03Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musanze | image = [[Dosiye:Musanze Genocide Memorial 2.jpg|280px]] | caption = Imbere y'urwibutso i Musanze (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Amajyaruguru]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Muhoza | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.501342|29.632622|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musanze''' (rwahoze rwitwa '''urwa Ruhengeri''') ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu mujyi wa Musanze, mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] y'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]''. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwashyizwe mu nyubako yahoze ari iy'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rwa Ruhengeri, ku muhanda munini w'umujyi wa Musanze.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Wilson Twagira |title=Ex-Ruhengeri Court of Appeal Becomes a Genocide Memorial |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202105260479.html |website=AllAfrica (The New Times) |date=2021-05-25 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> Rwafunguwe nyuma yo gutunganya iyo nyubako no kwimura imibiri yari ishyinguye mu rwibutso rwa kera rwa Muhoza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=New decent memorial in Musanze district nears completion |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/new-decent-memorial-in-musanze-district-nears-completion |website=IGIHE |date=2022-01-27 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> === Ubwicanyi bwabereye mu rukiko === Hagati ya tariki ya 12 na 14 Mata 1994, Abatutsi babarirwa mu magana bo mu makomini ya Nyarutovu, Gatonde na Ndusu (mu cyahoze ari Superefegitura ya Busengo, ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Gakenke]]) bajyanywe ku Rukiko rw'Ubujurire rwa Ruhengeri, bicirwa mu cyumba cy'iburanisha: baterewe ibyuka biryana mu maso, ibisasu, banakubitwa intwaro za gakondo. Benshi mu bishwe bari abakozi ba Leta n'abandi banyamwuga (abarimu, abaganga n'abaforomo, abakozi ba banki, abashoferi, abahinzi-borozi b'abahanga), ndetse n'abakozi b'urukiko ubwarwo.<ref name="NT2022">{{Cite web |author=Moïse M. Bahati |title=Over 800 genocide victims get decent burial in Musanze |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/Over800GenocideVictimsMusanzeTnT15April2022.pdf |website=The New Times |date=2022-04-15 |format=PDF |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mbere y'uko uru rwibutso rwubakwa, abazize Jenoside bo muri ako karere bari bashyinguye cyane cyane mu rwibutso rwa Muhoza, mu mujyi wa Musanze.<ref name="NT2022" /> Mu 2019, abarokotse Jenoside basabye ko hashyirwaho ahantu ho gushyingura heza kandi harinzwe neza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Musanze survivors appeal for decent memorial site for Genocide victims |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166006/News/musanze-survivors-appeal-for-decent-memorial-site-for-genocide-victims |website=The New Times |date=2019-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref><ref name="NT2022" /> Mu 2021, inzego z'ubuyobozi zatangaje ko inyubako yahoze ari iy'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire igiye guhindurwa urwibutso. Ku wa 15 Mata 2022, imibiri irenga 800 yimuwe i Muhoza yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rushya.<ref name="NT2022" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:Musanze Genocide Memorial 1.jpg|left|thumb|Imbere y'urwibutso i Musanze (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku muhanda munini wo mu mujyi wa Musanze (Ruhengeri), umurwa mukuru w'Intara y'Amajyaruguru. Ni rwo rwibutso rw'Akarere, kandi rusurwa kenshi n'amashuri yo muri ako gace.<ref name="INES">{{Cite web |title=INES-Ruhengeri RPF Inkotanyi Members Visit Genocide Memorial at Court of Appeal |url=https://www.ines.ac.rw/news/ines-ruhengeri-rpf-inkotanyi-members-visit-genocide-memorial-at-court-of-appeal/ |website=INES Ruhengeri |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> Mu muhango wo gushyingura wo ku wa 15 Mata 2022, Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, Faustin Nteziryayo, yavuze ko kwicira abantu b'inzirakarengane mu cyumba cy'iburanisha ari ibintu bitari byarigeze bibaho mu Rwanda, kandi ko n'ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko bitigeze bibaho ahandi hose.<ref name="NT2022" /> Minisitiri Jean-Damascène Bizimana we yibukije ko Jenoside yageragerejwe mu bice bitandukanye bya Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri mbere ya 1994.<ref name="NT2022" /> === Imibare === Kugeza ku wa 15 Mata 2022, abazize Jenoside barenga 1&nbsp;500 bari bashyinguye mu nzibutso eshatu zo mu Karere ka Musanze; hari n'indi mibiri itaraboneka, kandi abaturage basabwa gutanga amakuru ku hantu hakiri imibiri itarashyingurwa.<ref name="NT2022" /> Urwibutso rwakira buri mwaka imihango ya ''Kwibuka'', irimo urugendo rwo kwibuka, ijoro ryo kwibuka no gushyira indabo ku mva,<ref>{{Cite web |title=IPRC Musanze joined Musanze district to commence Kwibuka24 |url=https://www.iprcmusanze.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/iprc-musanze-joined-musanze-district-to-commence-kwibuka24 |website=IPRC Musanze |publisher=Rwanda Polytechnic – Musanze College |date=2018-04-07 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}</ref> ndetse n'ibikorwa by'uburezi bikorwa ku bufatanye n'amashuri na za kaminuza zo muri ako karere.<ref name="INES" /><ref>{{Cite web |author=Libos Ndayishimiye |title=Northern Province Leaders and Citizens Unite to Honor Genocide Victims in Ruhengeri |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2026/04/15/northern-province-leaders-and-citizens-unite-in-evening-remembrance-to-honor-genocide-victims-in-ruhengeri/ |website=Top Africa News |date=2026-04-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Libos Ndayishimiye |title=Minister Marizamunda Joins Northern Province to Commemorate Victims Killed at the Cour d’Appel de Ruhengeri |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2026/04/16/minister-marizamunda-joins-northern-province-to-commemorate-the-32nd-victims-killed-at-the-cour-dappel-de-ruhengeri/ |website=Top Africa News |date=2026-04-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Musanze]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rusiga]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Ruhengeri Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |others=Donatien Nikuze, Faustin Mafeza; Jean-Damascène Gasanabo (ubugenzuzi) |title=Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2018 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/AmatekaJenosideYakoreweAbatutsiRuhengeri.pdf |format=PDF |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Musanze, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 2jpbq03hghh267myzhwebmz6lzdo1gx 0 23144 140445 140388 2026-09-30T09:13:06Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gahanga | image = [[Dosiye:GahangaGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gahanga | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kicukiro|Kicukiro]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Gahanga | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.028083|30.105281|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gahanga''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Gahanga, mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]], mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Umujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Gahanga, mu gice cy'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba bw'Umujyi wa Kigali, mu [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]].<ref name="KT2025">{{Cite web |author=Malachie Hakizimana |title=Kicukiro: I Gahanga bibutse, banashyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri y’abantu 12 |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/kicukiro-i-gahanga-bibutse-banashyingura-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-y-abantu-12 |website=Kigali Today |language=rw |access-date=2025-09-05}}</ref> Ruri hafi ya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Gahanga, rwegeranye n'ahandi hantu ho kwibukira ho muri uwo murenge, nka Karembure.<ref name="GAR">{{Cite web |title=Gahanga Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Gahanga_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=rw |access-date=2025-09-05}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:GahangaGenocideMemorial05.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gahanga (Kanama 2025)]] === Ubwicanyi bwo muri Kiliziya ya Gahanga === Guhera ku wa 8 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bahungiye muri Kiliziya ya Gahanga. Ku wa 9 Mata, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze bategetse Abahutu kuvamo, Abatutsi basigara bonyine. Ku wa 10 Mata 1994 ubwicanyi bwaratangiye, ariko Abatutsi barirwanaho basubiza inyuma [[Interahamwe]]. Konseye Buregeya yahise yitabaza abasirikare, baza barasa abari muri kiliziya, maze Interahamwe zisonga inkomere. Hafi y'Abatutsi bose bari muri kiliziya barishwe, na bake barokotse bakomereka bikabije.<ref name="KTPress">{{Cite web |author=Edmund Kagire |title=April 10, 1994: When killers descended on Satinsyi, Mayange and Gahanga |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/04/april-10-1994-when-killers-descended-on-satinsyi-mayange-and-gahanga/ |website=KT Press |date=2020-04-11 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-05}}</ref> === Ishyingurwa ry'imibiri === Mu 1996, imibiri yari imaze kuboneka yarakusanyijwe ishyingurwa mu cyubahiro muri uru rwibutso.<ref name="GAR" /> Mu 2020, KT Press yavugaga ko urwibutso rurimo imibiri irenga 7&nbsp;000.<ref name="KTPress" /> Ku wa 1 Nyakanga 2023, imibiri 10&nbsp;224 yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Gahanga. Imwe muri yo yari yarabonetse kuri Kiliziya ya Gahanga, indi ivanwa mu mva rusange za Nunga na Karembure. Minisitiri w'Abakozi ba Leta n'Umurimo, Fanfan Kayirangwa Rwanyindo, yavuze ko iyo mibiri yari itatanyije mu hantu hatandukanye itari ishyinguwe mu buryo bukwiye.<ref name="KT2023">{{Cite web |author=Malachie Hakizimana |title=Kicukiro: Imibiri isaga ibihumbi icumi yashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gahanga |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/kicukiro-imibiri-isaga-ibihumbi-icumi-yashyinguwe-mu-rwibutso-rwa-jenoside-rwa-gahanga |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-07-01 |language=rw |access-date=2025-09-05}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == Buri mwaka, urwibutso rwa Gahanga rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' yitabirwa n'imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, abarokotse n'abayobozi; mu gihe cyo kwibuka hakomeza gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro imibiri igenda iboneka.<ref name="KT2025" /><ref name="KT2023" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kicukiro]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Gahanga Genocide Memorial}} * [https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Gahanga_Memorial Urwibutso rwa Gahanga] kuri Genocide Archive Rwanda === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gahanga, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kicukiro]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ovpytx9kbe2i6wwfscpgkf44j126xmx 0 23145 140446 140389 2026-09-30T09:13:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana | image = [[Dosiye:Jabana genocide memorial - 5.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Jabana | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.8861667|30.071472|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] mu gace k'Umurenge wa Jabana w'ubu, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu majyaruguru y'Umujyi wa Kigali, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], hafi y'uruganda rw'isukari rwa Kabuye (Kabuye Sugar Factory).<ref name="KTP2025">{{Cite web |author=Daniel Sabiiti |title=Kabuye Sugar Factory Staff Commemorate Victims of the Genocide Against the Tutsi |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/05/kabuye-sugar-factory-staff-commemorate-victims-of-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi/ |website=KT Press |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Jabana ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, harimo n'izo mu Mujyi wa Kigali nk'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] ku Gisozi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:Jabana genocide memorial - 8.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jabana (Kanama 2025)]] Mu 1994, ubwicanyi bwo muri ako gace bwakozwe n'abarwanyi b'umutwe wa Nyaconga bahungaga ingabo za RPA, hamwe n'amatsinda y'[[Interahamwe]] yayoborwaga n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze. Mu bagize uruhare harimo burugumesitiri ndetse n'abayobozi b'inganda n'insyo bo muri ako gace, batanze intwaro kandi bategura ubwicanyi.<ref name="KTP2025" /> Nyuma ya Jenoside, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yo muri Jabana no mu mirenge ihakikije yakusanyirijwe muri uru rwibutso ishyingurwa mu cyubahiro.<ref name="KTP2025" /> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:Jabana genocide memorial - 12.jpg|thumb|Imva rusange (Kanama 2025)]] Mu 2025, urwibutso rwari ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside 333, ikomoka mu mirenge itanu: Jabana, Nduba, Jali, Gatsata na Ndera.<ref name="KTP2025" /> Urwibutso rwakira ibikorwa byo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' bitegurwa n'abarokotse, inzego n'ibigo byo muri ako gace. Nko ku wa 16 Gicurasi 2025, abakozi b'uruganda rwa Kabuye Sugar Factory bakoze urugendo rwo kwibuka (''walk to remember'') kuva ku ruganda kugera ku rwibutso, bafata umunota wo kwibuka, bumva ubuhamya bw'abarokotse, banasobanurirwa amateka ya Jenoside mu cyahoze ari Segiteri ya Kabuye, i Jabana, igice cya Segiteri ya Muhororo n'i Masoro.<ref name="KTP2025" /> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Jabana Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Jabana, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 1keugxwswhpgu7xajlojsvmniruasbu 0 23146 140447 140390 2026-09-30T09:13:13Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibagabaga | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Kimironko | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.9348851|30.119438|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibagabaga''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Kibagabaga, mu Murenge wa Kimironko, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Kibagabaga, mu Murenge wa Kimironko, mu gice cy'amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bw'Umujyi wa Kigali, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]].<ref name="KT2024">{{Cite web |title=Gasabo: Mu Murenge wa Kimironko bibutse, basaba urubyiruko kwirinda abagoreka amateka |url=https://kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/gasabo-mu-murenge-wa-kimironko-bibutse-basaba-urubyiruko-kwirinda-abagoreka-amateka |website=Kigali Today |date=2024-04-11 |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-29}}</ref> Ruri hafi y'umuhanda munini; mu 2024, abayobozi bagaragaje ko uko kwegerana n'umuhanda guteza impungenge ku mutekano w'urwibutso, bavuga ko hateganywa uburyo bwo gukemura icyo kibazo.<ref name="KT2024" /> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Kibagabaga ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kubika amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu Mujyi wa Kigali harimo n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] ku Gisozi, ruri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO hamwe n'inzibutso za [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu rusengero rwari hafi y'ahari urwibutso ubu, maze bahicirwa. Indi mibiri yagiye iboneka ahandi hantu hatandukanye mu Murenge wa Kimironko.<ref name="KT2024" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Mu 2024, urwibutso rwa Kibagabaga rwibukirwagamo Abatutsi bagera ku 23&nbsp;141.<ref name="KT2024" /> Buri mwaka rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' y'Umurenge wa Kimironko; nko ku wa 11 Mata 2024, witabiriwe n'abayobozi barimo Umuyobozi w'Akarere ka Gasabo, Pauline Umwali, na Minisitiri w'Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi, Dr. Ildephonse Musafiri.<ref name="KT2024" /> Kimwe n'izindi nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo kwibuka n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Jabana]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Kigali Ngali |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kibagabaga, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] c06r7gj3u3oo8c4rbqxnxstp2ifbgra 0 23147 140448 140391 2026-09-30T09:13:16Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kinyinya | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Gasabo|Gasabo]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Kinyinya | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-1.918333|30.111944|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kinyinya''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Murama, mu Murenge wa Kinyinya, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu Mujyi wa [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Murama, mu Murenge wa Kinyinya, mu [[Akarere ka Gasabo]], mu Mujyi wa Kigali.<ref name="TAN2025a">{{Cite web |author=Mutangana Emmanuel |title=Kinyinya Honors Victims of the Genocide Against the Tutsi in 31st Commemoration Ceremony |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2025/04/20/kinyinya-honors-victims-of-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-31st-commemoration-ceremony/ |website=Top Africa News |date=2025-04-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-14}}</ref><ref name="TAN2025b">{{Cite web |author=Mutangana Emmanuel |title=G.S. Kinyinya Remembers: Honoring Teachers and Students Lost in the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2025/05/17/g-s-kinyinya-remembers-honoring-teachers-and-students-lost-in-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi/ |website=Top Africa News |date=2025-05-17 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Kinyinya ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kubika amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu Mujyi wa Kigali harimo n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] ku Gisozi, ruri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO hamwe n'inzibutso za [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Nk'uko byavuzwe mu buhamya bwatanzwe mu gihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 32 i Kinyinya, Abatutsi bari batuye ku musozi wa Kinyinya bishwe n'abasirikare b'ubutegetsi bwa Juvénal Habyarimana n'[[Interahamwe]]. Ubwicanyi bwatangiye nyuma y'ihanurwa ry'indege ya Perezida Habyarimana ku wa 6 Mata 1994, abicanyi bagenda basoma amazina y'abo bagombaga kwica, ibigaragaza ko bari barabateguye mbere.<ref name="TAN2026">{{Cite web |author=Dusabemungu Ange de la Victoire |title=Borrowed Lights and Bitter Truths: The 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Kinyinya |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2026/04/26/borrowed-lights-and-bitter-truths-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-kinyinya/ |website=Top Africa News |date=2026-04-26 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Mu 2025, urwibutso rwa Kinyinya rwari ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside 441.<ref name="TAN2025a" /> Ku rwibutso hari urutonde rw'amazina 411 y'Abatutsi biciwe ku musozi wa Kinyinya, rugenda rwuzuzwa uko abandi bazize Jenoside bamenyekana.<ref name="TAN2026" /> Urwibutso kandi rufitanye isano n'amateka y'amashuri yo muri ako gace. Ku wa 16 Gicurasi 2025, umuhango wo kwibuka wateguwe na Groupe Scolaire Kinyinya watangiriye ku rwibutso rwa Kinyinya i Murama, ukomereza ku ishuri; hibukwa abarimu 12 n'abanyeshuri 6 b'icyahoze ari ishuri ribanza rya Kinyinya bishwe muri Jenoside.<ref name="TAN2025b" /> Rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' iteganywa n'amategeko y'u Rwanda agenga kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref><ref name="TAN2025a" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Gasabo]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibagabaga]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Kigali Ngali |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kinyinya, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gasabo]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] kppbfm2ubzdxr6jajo6pwhmfth52xpb 0 23148 140449 140392 2026-09-30T09:13:19Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyabakamyi | image = [[Dosiye:CyabakamyiGenocideMemorial01.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyabakamyi (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Cyabakamyi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.316544|29.680947|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyabakamyi''' (ruzwi kandi nk'urwibutso rw'i Nyabinyenga) ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Nyabinyenga, mu Murenge wa Cyabakamyi, mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:CyabakamyiGenocideMemorial13.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Cyabakamyi (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Nyabinyenga, hafi ya Paruwasi ya Nyabinyenga n'ibiro by'Akagari ka Nyabinyenga, mu Murenge wa Cyabakamyi, mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza]].<ref name="Mapcarta">{{Cite web |title=Cyabakamyi Genocide Memorial |url=https://mapcarta.com/W391227319 |website=Mapcarta |language=en |access-date=2025-12-25}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Cyabakamyi ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zibaruwe mu bushakashatsi bwa Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ku hantu habereye Jenoside.<ref name="CNLG">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Nk'uko Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'Inshingano Mboneragihugu (MINUBUMWE) ibivuga, guhera ku wa 22 Mata 1994 Abatutsi batangiye kurimburwa ahantu hatandukanye muri Perefegitura ya Butare, harimo n'i Nyabinyenga.<ref name="MINUBUMWE">{{Cite web |title=Tariki 21/4/1994: Umunsi w’isoni ku Muryango w’Abibumbye |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/umunsi-wisoni-ku-muryango-wabibumbye |website=MINUBUMWE |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-29}}</ref> Nyuma ya Jenoside, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yabonetse muri ako gace yashyinguwe muri uru rwibutso.<!-- Umubare w'imibiri ishyinguyemo ntiwabonetse mu nkomoko yizewe. --> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:CyabakamyiGenocideMemorial30.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Cyabakamyi (Kanama 2025)]] Kimwe n'izindi nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' iteganywa n'amategeko agenga kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Cyabakamyi Genocide Memorial}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cyabakamyi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyanza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 77561crbdn2l5gn52adq7elzc3llom9 0 23149 140450 140393 2026-09-30T09:13:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140450 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyahinda | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Cyahinda | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.644821|29.553731|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyahinda''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Cyahinda, mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Cyahinda, mu [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]]. Rufitanye isano na Paruwasi Gatolika ya Cyahinda, yiciwemo Abatutsi benshi muri Jenoside, mu cyahoze ari Komini Nyakizu, Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref name="NT2010">{{Cite news |title=Clergy advised to apologise for role in Genocide |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/36760/clergy-advised-to-apologise-for-role-in-genocide |work=The New Times |date=2010-04-20 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref><ref name="HRW">{{Cite web |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Nyakizu: The Massacres |work=Leave None to Tell the Story: Genocide in Rwanda |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno8-10-03.htm |date=1999-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Cyahinda ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kubika amateka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] === Ubwicanyi bwo kuri Paruwasi ya Cyahinda === Nk'uko raporo ya Human Rights Watch ibivuga, Abatutsi benshi bo muri Komini Nyakizu n'abaturutse mu makomini ahakikije, cyane cyane mu Gikongoro, bahungiye kuri Kiliziya ya Cyahinda. Burugumesitiri wa Nyakizu, Ladislas Ntaganzwa, yabizezaga umutekano ("Nimuze muri komini yanjye, muzaba mutekanye"), mu gihe yateguraga ubwicanyi mu ibanga.<ref name="HRW" /> Hagati ya tariki ya 15 na 19 Mata 1994, impunzi zari kuri Kiliziya ya Cyahinda zagabweho ibitero byayobowe na Ntaganzwa. Ibyo bitero byagizwemo uruhare n'abapolisi b'igihugu (Gendarmerie), abasirikare, abapolisi ba komini, impunzi z'Abarundi zitwaje intwaro, abarwanashyaka ba MDR-Power, Interahamwe zaturutse mu Gikongoro, ndetse n'abaturage ba Nyakizu n'ab'amakomini ahakikije. Human Rights Watch igereranya ko abishwe bari hagati ya 5&nbsp;500 na 15&nbsp;000, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari abagore, abana n'abasaza.<ref name="HRW" /> === Urwibutso === Ku wa 18 Mata 2010, imibiri 142 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Cyahinda. Muri uwo muhango, Padiri mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Cyahinda, Innocent Gakwaya, yasabye abihaye Imana bagize uruhare muri Jenoside kwigaragaza no gusaba imbabazi.<ref name="NT2010" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abiciwe i Cyahinda. Kimwe n'izindi nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' iteganywa n'amategeko agenga kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibeho]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cyahinda, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyaruguru]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 67lqk18h54rndy8ueje63unjc7hk8cl 0 23150 140451 140395 2026-09-30T09:13:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140451 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa | image = [[Dosiye:CyarwaGenocideMemorial09.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Tumba | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.625133|29.750079|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Tumba, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruruhukiyemo imibiri irenga 11&nbsp;000 y'abazize Jenoside. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:CyarwaGenocideMemorial03.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Cyarwa]] Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Tumba, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], hafi y'umujyi wa [[Butare]].<ref name="IGIHE2021">{{Cite web |title=Huye: Hashyinguwe mu cyubahiro imibiri 48 y'abishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi |url=https://www.igihe.com/amakuru/u-rwanda/article/huye-hashyinguwe-mu-cyubahiro-imibiri-48-y-abishwe-muri-jenoside-yakorewe |website=IGIHE |date=2021-05-16 |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref><ref name="CNLG">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Cyarwa ruri mu hantu ho kwibukira hafitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare, ahabereye ubwicanyi bwinshi mu 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Genocide against Tutsi unfolded in Butare Prefecture |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/how-genocide-against-tutsi-was-executed-with-extreme-cruelty-in-butare |website=IGIHE |date=2022-04-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu muhango wo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 28 wabereye i Cyarwa ku wa 21 Mata 2022, abatanze ubuhamya bagaragaje ko Jenoside muri ako gace yatangiye nyuma y'ijambo Perezida w'agateganyo, Théodore Sindikubwabo, yavugiye i Butare ku wa 19 Mata 1994, akangurira abantu kwica. Minisitiri w'Ubuzima, Dr. Daniel Ngamije, yavuze ko Sindikubwabo "yari umuganga ariko ahitamo kuba umwicanyi".<ref name="IGIHE2022">{{Cite web |title=Umuganga wahisemo kuba umwicanyi: Hanenzwe ubugwari bwaranze Sindikubwabo wari Perezida |url=https://mobile.igihe.com/amakuru/muri-afurika/u-rwanda/article/umuganga-wahisemo-kuba-umwicanyi-hanenzwe-ubugwari-bwaranze-sindikubwaho-wari |website=IGIHE |date=2022-04-21 |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:CyarwaGenocideMemorial07.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Cyarwa]] Urwibutso rwa Cyarwa ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside irenga 11&nbsp;000.<ref name="IGIHE2021" /><ref name="IGIHE2022" /> Ku wa 15 Gicurasi 2021, imibiri 48 yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro muri uru rwibutso: 47 yari yabonetse mu Mudugudu w'Akamuhoza hagati ya tariki ya 26 na 28 Mata 2021, n'umwe wavanywe mu Murenge wa Ngoma. Umuhango witabiriwe na Visi Perezida wa Sena, Espérance Nyirasafari, na Perezida wa Ibuka mu Karere ka Huye, Théodate Siboyintore.<ref name="IGIHE2021" /> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Butare]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Cyarwa Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite journal |last1=Dumas |first1=Hélène |last2=Korman |first2=Rémi |title=Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda. Mémoriaux et lieux de mémoire |journal=Afrique contemporaine |issue=238 |year=2011 |language=fr}} * {{Cite journal |last=Korman |first=Rémi |title=La politique de mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : enjeux et évolutions |journal=Droit et cultures |issue=66 |year=2013 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cyarwa, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] bzn1gkov66c1wtcopwoufqwl133nrgk 0 23151 140452 140396 2026-09-30T09:13:28Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140452 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Giheke | image = [[Dosiye:GihekeGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Giheke | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Giheke | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Aho ruherereye | data7 = {{Coord|-2.472809|28.976312|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Giheke''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Giheke, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Giheke, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda.<ref name="GAR">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Giheke ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kubika amateka.<ref name="GAR" /> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:GihekeGenocideMemorial09.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Giheke]] Urwibutso rwa Giheke ruri mu hantu ho kwibukira hashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kugira ngo habungabungwe urwibutso rw'abayizize bo mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]]. <!-- Inkuru y'Igifaransa ivuga ko mu 2019 imwe mu mibiri yari i Giheke yimuriwe mu [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba]] (The New Times, 29/05/2019, "15,629 Bodies of Genocide Victims Accorded Decent Burial"). Ntibyashobotse kubigenzura: inkuru iri kuri AllAfrica isaba kwiyandikisha. --> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == Kimwe n'izindi nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, urwibutso rwa Giheke ni ahantu ho gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kwibuka no kunamira abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kandi rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' iteganywa n'amategeko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Giheke Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Cyangugu |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Giheke, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] d71t1wl76d28dupehmw2mie8vvfytai 0 23152 140453 140399 2026-09-30T09:13:31Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140453 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabgayi | image = [[Dosiye:KabgayiGenocideMemorial20.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabgayi (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Muhanga|Muhanga]] | label4 = Aho ruherereye | data4 = Kabgayi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Ikarita | data7 = {{Coord|-2.106625|29.751415|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabgayi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Kabgayi, mu [[Akarere ka Muhanga]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rwibutsa Abatutsi benshi bahungiye i Kabgayi muri Jenoside, bakahicirwa cyangwa bagakurwayo bakajya kwicirwa ahandi. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:KabgayiGenocideMemorial19.jpg|left|thumb|Ahakirirwa abashyitsi, hejuru y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Kabgayi, mu majyepfo y'umujyi wa Muhanga (wahoze witwa Gitarama), hafi ya Katederali ya Kabgayi, ibitaro bya Kabgayi n'ibigo by'amashuri bya Kiliziya Gatolika.<ref name="NT2025">{{Cite news |author=Frank Ntarindwa |title=Kabgayi massacres: Survivor tells harrowing story of father's death at hands of his best man |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26917/news/kwibuka/kabgayi-massacres-survivor-tells-harrowing-story-of-fathers-death-at-hands-of-his-best-man |work=The New Times |date=2025-06-02 |language=en |access-date=2026-09-29}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] === Ubuhungiro bw'i Kabgayi === Muri Jenoside, Kabgayi yabaye ubuhungiro bw'Abatutsi ibihumbi n'ibihumbi baturutse mu makomini ya Perefegitura ya Gitarama, cyane cyane Mushubati, Tambwe, Ntongwe, Mugina, Taba na Buringa, ndetse n'abari bahunze ubwicanyi bw'i Kigali. Bahungiye mu ishuri ribanza, muri Petit Séminaire ya Kabgayi, mu ishuri ryisumbuye rya Saint-Joseph no mu kigo cy'ababikira cyitwaga CND, bizeye ko nk'uko byagenze mu 1959, kugera ku butaka bwa Kiliziya byari kubarinda.<ref name="NT2025" /> Guhera ku wa 15 Mata 1994, Padiri Vjeko Ćurić, umupadiri w'Umufaransisikani, yatangiye gutwara impunzi zari i Kivumu azijyana i Kabgayi, akajya aha ruswa Interahamwe zabaga ziri kuri bariyeri.<ref name="NT2025" /> Muri Gicurasi 1994, Human Rights Watch yagereranyaga ko i Kabgayi hari abantu bagera ku 50&nbsp;000 bavanywe mu byabo, abenshi muri bo bakaba Abatutsi, kandi ko Leta y'icyo gihe yanze kwemera ko ibitaro bya Kabgayi bitagira aho bibogamiye.<ref name="HRW1994">{{Cite web |author=Human Rights Watch |title=Génocide au Rwanda |url=https://www.hrw.org/legacy/french/reports/rw94/rwandamai94.htm |date=May 1994 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-29}}</ref> === Ubwicanyi === Ubuzima bw'impunzi i Kabgayi bwari bugoye cyane: abicanyi bahoraga bagaba ibitero, bagatoranya abo bica, kandi uwageragezaga gusohoka yashoboraga gufatwa akicwa n'Interahamwe.<ref name="NT2025" /> Abatutsi benshi, cyane cyane abagabo n'abahungu, barakusanywaga bagashyirwa mu mabisi ya ONATRACOM, bakajyanwa i Ngororero bakahicirwa.<ref name="NT2025" /> Human Rights Watch na yo yavuze ko amatsinda y'abantu yakurwaga mu nkambi y'impunzi z'Abatutsi yari mu kigo cya Kiliziya i Kabgayi, akajyanwa kwicwa.<ref name="HRW1994" /> Abarokotse bavuga kandi ko abagore n'abakobwa bafatwaga ku ngufu, abagabo bakajyanwa ahantu hatazwi bakicwa.<ref name="RTBF">{{Cite web |title='Nos cœurs sont leurs tombes' : 30 ans après, des Tutsis rescapés racontent le génocide au Rwanda |url=https://www.rtbf.be/article/nos-c-urs-sont-leurs-tombes-30-ans-apres-des-tutsis-rescapes-racontent-le-genocide-au-rwanda-11353587 |website=RTBF |year=2024 |language=fr |access-date=2026-09-29}}</ref> Ku wa 2 Kamena 1994, ahagana saa tatu za mu gitondo, ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zafashe Kabgayi, zirokora impunzi zari zikiri yo.<ref name="NT2025" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:KabgayiGenocideMemorial13.jpg|thumb|Aho imva ziri, munsi y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri munsi y'umusozi wa Katederali ya Kabgayi, hafi y'ibitaro. Kimwe n'izindi nzibutso zo mu Rwanda, rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' iteganywa n'amategeko.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> <!-- Inkuru y'Igifaransa ivuga ko imva rusange ya I yarimo imibiri 141 n'iya II imibiri 50; iyo mibare ntiyabonetse mu nkuru ya The New Times yatanzwe nk'inkomoko. --> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Muhanga]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ngororero]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kabgayi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite journal |last=Korman |first=Rémi |title=Espaces sacrés et sites de massacre après le génocide des Tutsi : Les enjeux de la patrimonialisation des églises au Rwanda |journal=Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire |issue=137 |year=2018 |pages=155–167 |doi=10.3917/ving.137.0155 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author1=Donatille Karurenzi |author2=Bernard Wilkin |title=Un génocide en héritage : 30 ans après, des rescapés tutsis de Belgique témoignent |location=Bruxelles |publisher=Altura |year=2024 |isbn=978-2-931190-14-2 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kabgayi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Muhanga]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] opsipq8lve634sqz1wlg6sytkfp5psg 0 23153 140400 2026-09-29T12:24:23Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama | image = [[Dosiye:KaramaGenocideMemorial12.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Karama | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = Itsembabwoko ry’u Rw..." 140400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama | image = [[Dosiye:KaramaGenocideMemorial12.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Karama | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Karama, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'Abatutsi ibihumbi mirongo biciwe i Karama no mu makomini ahakikije, bari bakusanyirijwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Karama, nyuma ya Jenoside bagashyingurwa mu mva n'ibyumba by'imibiri byubatswe aho. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Karama, umwe mu mirenge cumi n'ine igize [[Akarere ka Huye]] mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, mu burasirazuba bw'umujyi wa [[Butare]] (Huye).<ref name="Huye2024">Akarere ka Huye, « Karama: Hatangirijwe ku rwego rw’Akarere icyumweru cy’icyunamo », urubuga rw'Akarere ka Huye.</ref> Ruri hafi ya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Karama, ahantu hirengeye hagerwa unyuze mu muhanda w'itaka uturuka ku muhanda uhuza Huye na [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]].<ref name="KT2023">Marie Claire Joyeuse, « Huye: Bifuza ko urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama rutunganywa rugashyirwa ku rwego rw’Akarere », ''Kigali Today'', 1 Gicurasi 2023.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mu 1994, Karama yari mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya, muri Perefegitura ya Butare, agace abayobozi ba gisivili, aba gisirikare n'ab'amadini bagizemo uruhare rukomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.<ref name="CNLG2021">National Commission for the Fight against Genocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against the Tutsi'', Kigali, 2021, p. 157–158.</ref> Abatutsi bahungaga ibitero mu makomini aturanye ya Runyinya, Rwamiko, Mubuga, Maraba cyangwa Nyakizu boherezwaga kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Karama, bizezwa ko ari ubuhungiro.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Kuva Jenoside irangiye, buri murenge wo mu Karere ka Huye ufite ahantu ho kwibukira abazize Jenoside, kandi urwibutso rwa Karama rwagiye ruba rumwe mu nzibutso z'ingenzi z'akarere.<ref name="Igihe2022">''The New Times'' / ''IGIHE'', « How genocide against Tutsi was executed with extreme cruelty in Butare », 19 Mata 2022.</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:KaramaGenocideMemorial13.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] === Ubwicanyi bwo mu 1994 === Nyuma y'igitero cyagabwe ku kigo cy'amashuri cya [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]] ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994, Abatutsi ibihumbi bakusanyirijwe n'abayobozi ba komini kuri Paruwasi ya Karama, mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Impunzi zaturutse mu makomini atandukanye ya Perefegitura ya Butare, zikusanyirizwa muri kiliziya, mu mashuri no ku isoko ryari hafi aho, zibarurwa kandi zigabanywa hakurikijwe segiteri zaturutsemo.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'abajandarume bafunze amazi, banashyira uburozi mu mugezi wari hafi kugira ngo impunzi zibure amazi meza, hanyuma bagaba ibitero bihuriweho bakoresheje za gerenade, imbunda n'intwaro gakondo.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ku wa 21 Mata 1994, nyuma y'umunsi wose w'ubwicanyi, abenshi mu bari bahungiye i Karama barishwe. Abarokotse bavuga kandi ko igikoma cyahawe abagore n'abana bari basigaye aho cyari kirimo uburozi, gihitana amagana muri bo.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Imibiri y'abishwe yajugunywe mu byobo byinshi byacukuwe hirya no hino ya paruwasi no ku misozi ihakikije. Ibigereranyo bihari bivuga ko i Karama hiciwe Abatutsi ibihumbi mirongo, abagera ku 70&nbsp;000 muri bo bakaba bashyinguye mu rwibutso ubu.<ref name="CNLG2021" /><ref name="AllAfrica2024">« April 21, 1994 – The implementation of genocide perpetrated against Tutsi », ''AllAfrica'', 21 Mata 2024.</ref> === Ishyirwaho n'iterambere ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya 1994, imva rusange zari hirya no hino i Karama zagiye zifukurwa buhoro buhoro, imibiri ikusanyirizwa mu nzu y'agateganyo yari ku kibanza cya paruwasi.<ref name="Minijust">Minisiteri y'Ubutabera, « Ministry of Justice’s staff visited Karama Genocide Memorial site », minijust.gov.rw.</ref> Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2010, Leta y'u Rwanda yashyize Karama ku rutonde rw'ahantu ho kwibukira hagomba kubungabungwa, igenera ingengo y'imari yo kubaka urwibutso rufatika muri uwo murenge.<ref name="NewTimes2011">« Rwf30 million for Huye memorial », ''The New Times'', 8 Ugushyingo 2011.</ref> Imirimo yo gutunganya aho hantu yatumye imibiri ibihumbi yavanywe mu byobo 1&nbsp;335 byabaruwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya ihurizwa hamwe ikongera gushyingurwa.<ref name="KT2023" /> Ubu urwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi igereranywa hagati ya 68&nbsp;000 na 75&nbsp;000, bigatuma ruba rumwe mu nzibutso nini z'Akarere ka Huye.<ref name="Huye2024" /><ref name="KT2024">« Sena yiyemeje gukora ubuvugizi ngo i Karama hubakwe urwibutso rwa Jenoside rufatika », ''Kigali Today'', 22 Mata 2024.</ref><ref name="Igihe2025">« Huye: Intimba ya Ruzindana wabaye muri “Muvoma” yumva bizamugira umutoni ariko », ''IGIHE'', 10 Mata 2025.</ref> Hagati ya 2020 na 2024, inzego za Leta n'imiryango y'abarokotse bateguye imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' i Karama, bashimangira ko ari ngombwa kurushaho kunoza ibikorwaremezo by'aho hantu no kuhashyira ku rwego rw'urwibutso rw'akarere.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="KT2024" /><ref name="Minijust" /> Abarokotse n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze basaba ko hubakwa inyubako nshya zo kumurikiramo amateka no gutunganya umuhanda ugerayo.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="Huye2024" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Karama rugizwe n'inzu nini ibitswemo imibiri, imva zipfundikiye, ikibuga cyo gukoreramo imihango n'umusaraba munini ugaragara uri ku muhanda Huye–Nyaruguru.<ref name="Minijust" /> Ni ahantu imiryango ikomoka mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya no mu makomini aturanye iza kunamira ababo, igategura buri mwaka imihango yo kwibuka, ubuhamya n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ipfobya rya Jenoside.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="KT2024" /> Kubera umubare munini w'abahashyinguye n'amateka yihariye ya Paruwasi ya Karama muri Jenoside, abarokotse bafata aha hantu nk'ahantu h'ingenzi ho kwibukira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu karere ka Huye.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="CNLG2021" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyahinda]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Karama Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * National Commission for the Fight against Genocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against the Tutsi'', Kigali, 2021, 378 p. * Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Gashyantare 1996, 219 p. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Karama, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] gt5amnadojrv9pbgrrldwdw19gwjwtf 140454 140400 2026-09-30T09:13:34Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140454 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama | image = [[Dosiye:KaramaGenocideMemorial12.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Karama | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Karama, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'Abatutsi ibihumbi mirongo biciwe i Karama no mu makomini ahakikije, bari bakusanyirijwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Karama, nyuma ya Jenoside bagashyingurwa mu mva n'ibyumba by'imibiri byubatswe aho. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Karama, umwe mu mirenge cumi n'ine igize [[Akarere ka Huye]] mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo, mu burasirazuba bw'umujyi wa [[Butare]] (Huye).<ref name="Huye2024">Akarere ka Huye, « Karama: Hatangirijwe ku rwego rw’Akarere icyumweru cy’icyunamo », urubuga rw'Akarere ka Huye.</ref> Ruri hafi ya Kiliziya Gatolika ya Karama, ahantu hirengeye hagerwa unyuze mu muhanda w'itaka uturuka ku muhanda uhuza Huye na [[Akarere ka Nyaruguru|Nyaruguru]].<ref name="KT2023">Marie Claire Joyeuse, « Huye: Bifuza ko urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Karama rutunganywa rugashyirwa ku rwego rw’Akarere », ''Kigali Today'', 1 Gicurasi 2023.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mu 1994, Karama yari mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya, muri Perefegitura ya Butare, agace abayobozi ba gisivili, aba gisirikare n'ab'amadini bagizemo uruhare rukomeye mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.<ref name="CNLG2021">National Commission for the Fight against Genocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against the Tutsi'', Kigali, 2021, p. 157–158.</ref> Abatutsi bahungaga ibitero mu makomini aturanye ya Runyinya, Rwamiko, Mubuga, Maraba cyangwa Nyakizu boherezwaga kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Karama, bizezwa ko ari ubuhungiro.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Kuva Jenoside irangiye, buri murenge wo mu Karere ka Huye ufite ahantu ho kwibukira abazize Jenoside, kandi urwibutso rwa Karama rwagiye ruba rumwe mu nzibutso z'ingenzi z'akarere.<ref name="Igihe2022">''The New Times'' / ''IGIHE'', « How genocide against Tutsi was executed with extreme cruelty in Butare », 19 Mata 2022.</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:KaramaGenocideMemorial13.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] === Ubwicanyi bwo mu 1994 === Nyuma y'igitero cyagabwe ku kigo cy'amashuri cya [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]] ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994, Abatutsi ibihumbi bakusanyirijwe n'abayobozi ba komini kuri Paruwasi ya Karama, mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Impunzi zaturutse mu makomini atandukanye ya Perefegitura ya Butare, zikusanyirizwa muri kiliziya, mu mashuri no ku isoko ryari hafi aho, zibarurwa kandi zigabanywa hakurikijwe segiteri zaturutsemo.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'abajandarume bafunze amazi, banashyira uburozi mu mugezi wari hafi kugira ngo impunzi zibure amazi meza, hanyuma bagaba ibitero bihuriweho bakoresheje za gerenade, imbunda n'intwaro gakondo.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ku wa 21 Mata 1994, nyuma y'umunsi wose w'ubwicanyi, abenshi mu bari bahungiye i Karama barishwe. Abarokotse bavuga kandi ko igikoma cyahawe abagore n'abana bari basigaye aho cyari kirimo uburozi, gihitana amagana muri bo.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Imibiri y'abishwe yajugunywe mu byobo byinshi byacukuwe hirya no hino ya paruwasi no ku misozi ihakikije. Ibigereranyo bihari bivuga ko i Karama hiciwe Abatutsi ibihumbi mirongo, abagera ku 70&nbsp;000 muri bo bakaba bashyinguye mu rwibutso ubu.<ref name="CNLG2021" /><ref name="AllAfrica2024">« April 21, 1994 – The implementation of genocide perpetrated against Tutsi », ''AllAfrica'', 21 Mata 2024.</ref> === Ishyirwaho n'iterambere ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya 1994, imva rusange zari hirya no hino i Karama zagiye zifukurwa buhoro buhoro, imibiri ikusanyirizwa mu nzu y'agateganyo yari ku kibanza cya paruwasi.<ref name="Minijust">Minisiteri y'Ubutabera, « Ministry of Justice’s staff visited Karama Genocide Memorial site », minijust.gov.rw.</ref> Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2010, Leta y'u Rwanda yashyize Karama ku rutonde rw'ahantu ho kwibukira hagomba kubungabungwa, igenera ingengo y'imari yo kubaka urwibutso rufatika muri uwo murenge.<ref name="NewTimes2011">« Rwf30 million for Huye memorial », ''The New Times'', 8 Ugushyingo 2011.</ref> Imirimo yo gutunganya aho hantu yatumye imibiri ibihumbi yavanywe mu byobo 1&nbsp;335 byabaruwe mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya ihurizwa hamwe ikongera gushyingurwa.<ref name="KT2023" /> Ubu urwibutso ruruhukiyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi igereranywa hagati ya 68&nbsp;000 na 75&nbsp;000, bigatuma ruba rumwe mu nzibutso nini z'Akarere ka Huye.<ref name="Huye2024" /><ref name="KT2024">« Sena yiyemeje gukora ubuvugizi ngo i Karama hubakwe urwibutso rwa Jenoside rufatika », ''Kigali Today'', 22 Mata 2024.</ref><ref name="Igihe2025">« Huye: Intimba ya Ruzindana wabaye muri “Muvoma” yumva bizamugira umutoni ariko », ''IGIHE'', 10 Mata 2025.</ref> Hagati ya 2020 na 2024, inzego za Leta n'imiryango y'abarokotse bateguye imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' i Karama, bashimangira ko ari ngombwa kurushaho kunoza ibikorwaremezo by'aho hantu no kuhashyira ku rwego rw'urwibutso rw'akarere.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="KT2024" /><ref name="Minijust" /> Abarokotse n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze basaba ko hubakwa inyubako nshya zo kumurikiramo amateka no gutunganya umuhanda ugerayo.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="Huye2024" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Karama rugizwe n'inzu nini ibitswemo imibiri, imva zipfundikiye, ikibuga cyo gukoreramo imihango n'umusaraba munini ugaragara uri ku muhanda Huye–Nyaruguru.<ref name="Minijust" /> Ni ahantu imiryango ikomoka mu cyahoze ari Komini Runyinya no mu makomini aturanye iza kunamira ababo, igategura buri mwaka imihango yo kwibuka, ubuhamya n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ipfobya rya Jenoside.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="KT2024" /> Kubera umubare munini w'abahashyinguye n'amateka yihariye ya Paruwasi ya Karama muri Jenoside, abarokotse bafata aha hantu nk'ahantu h'ingenzi ho kwibukira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu karere ka Huye.<ref name="KT2023" /><ref name="CNLG2021" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyahinda]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Karama Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * National Commission for the Fight against Genocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against the Tutsi'', Kigali, 2021, 378 p. * Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Gashyantare 1996, 219 p. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Karama, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] noqe5hj1b92sa6wfxzq1lcx96m0lfds 0 23154 140401 2026-09-29T12:41:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe | image = [[Dosiye:Entrance of the Memorial 2.jpg|280px]] | caption = Ubwinjiriro bw'urwibutso rwa Mayunzwe (19 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mbuye | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = Itsemb..." 140401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe | image = [[Dosiye:Entrance of the Memorial 2.jpg|280px]] | caption = Ubwinjiriro bw'urwibutso rwa Mayunzwe (19 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mbuye | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira haherereye i Mayunzwe, mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] ([[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], [[Rwanda]]). Rwunamira abazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], kandi rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]''. Urwibutso rufitanye isano n'ahantu hitwa « Karuvariyo » (''Kaluvariyo''), ku musozi uri hafi aho, ahiciwe Abatutsi b'i Mayunzwe muri Mata 1994. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Mayunzwe, mu Murenge wa Mbuye ([[Akarere ka Ruhango]], Intara y'Amajyepfo). Aka gace kari mu burengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], hafi ya Muhanga (yahoze yitwa Gitarama).<ref name="JusticeInfo">{{Cite web |author=Thierry Cruvellier |title=Mayunzwe remembers the “Calvary” of the Tutsis |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/130536-mayunzwe-remembers-calvary-tutsis.html |website=Justice Info |date=2024-04-09 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Parking of the memorial2.jpg|left|thumb|Aho imodoka ziparika imbere mu rwibutso rwa Mayunzwe (19 Kanama 2025)]] [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Mayunzwe ni rumwe mu nzibutso, imva rusange n'ahantu ho kwibukira biri hirya no hino mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, bifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Muri izo nzibutso, enye — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == Ku wa 24 Mata 1994, Abatutsi biciwe i Mayunzwe, cyane cyane ahitwa « Karuvariyo ». Amakuru yo muri ako gace agereranya ko uwo munsi hishwe abantu amagana.<ref name="RBA">{{Cite web |title=April 24, 1994: Tutsi massacre at Mayunzwe, Ruhango |url=https://rba.co.rw/post/April-24-1994-Tutsi-massacre-at-Mayunzwe-Ruhango |website=Rwanda Broadcasting Agency (RBA) |date=2020-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref><ref name="JusticeInfo" /><ref name="KT2023">{{Cite web |title=Mayunzwe: Bagiye kubaka inzira y’amateka ya Jenoside igana kuri « Karuvariyo » |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mayunzwe-bagiye-kubaka-inzira-y-amateka-ya-jenoside-igana-kuri-karuvariyo |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-05-26 |language=rw |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> Nyuma ya Jenoside, i Mayunzwe hubatswe urwibutso. Inyandiko z'ingengo y'imari zigaragaza imirimo yo kubaka no gusana urwibutso yatewe inkunga n'Akarere ka Ruhango.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruhango District – Annex II-1 (2018-2021): Construction of Mayunzwe Memorial |url=https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/REPORTS/National_Budget/District_Budget/2018-19_Revised_Budgets/Ruhango_District/ANNEX_II-1.pdf |website=Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) |language=en |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rufitanye isano ya bugufi n'ahitwa « Karuvariyo », ku musozi uri hafi aho, ahiciwe abenshi mu bazize Jenoside b'i Mayunzwe ku wa 24 Mata 1994; ibigereranyo byo muri ako gace bivuga ko muri segiteri ya Mayunzwe honyine hishwe abarenga 850.<ref name="RBA" /> Mu bavugwa ko bayoboye cyangwa bashishikarije ubwicanyi harimo François Murekambanze, wari konseye wa segiteri, hamwe n'abicanyi baturutse ahandi.<ref name="RBA" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka28: tariki ya 24 Mata 1994, uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakozwe hirya no hino mu gihugu |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/kwibuka28-tariki-ya-24-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu |website=MINUBUMWE |language=rw |access-date=2025-09-09}}</ref> <!-- Inkuru y'Igifaransa ivuga imva rusange ebyiri zabaruwe mu 1994 (I: 150, II: 110, ku wa 23 Mata 1994); inkomoko zatanzwe ni inyandiko zitatangajwe (« extrait communiqué par l’utilisateur ») n'inkuru ya Le Monde itavuga Mayunzwe. Ntibyashyizwe mu nyandiko. --> Aha hantu hakoreshwa buri gihe mu bikorwa byo kwibuka (''Kwibuka''), kandi hari umushinga wo kubaka « inzira y'amateka » igana kuri Karuvariyo.<ref name="JusticeInfo" /><ref name="KT2023" /> [[Dosiye:Road next to Entry Mayunzwe Genocide Memorial.jpg|left|thumb|Umuhanda uri imbere y'urwibutso rwa Mayunzwe (19 Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''Kwibuka'' (ijoro ryo kwibuka, gushyira indabo ku mva, urugendo rwo kwibuka) n'ibikorwa byo kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside bitegurwa n'inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango y'abarokotse.<ref name="JusticeInfo" /> [[Charles Habonimana]], mu gitabo cye ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'', avuga uko abo mu muryango we bishwe n'uko we yarokotse muri Mata 1994 aha hantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Habonimana : « Je n’ai oublié ni les bruits, ni les mots, ni les images du génocide des Tutsi » |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/757539/societe/charles-habonimana-je-nai-oublie-ni-les-bruits-ni-les-mots-ni-les-images-du-genocide-des-tutsi/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-04-02 |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-24}}</ref> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] * [[Charles Habonimana]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Mayunzwe Genocide Memorial}} * {{Cite web |title=Mayunzwe remembers the “Calvary” of the Tutsis |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/130536-mayunzwe-remembers-calvary-tutsis.html |website=Justice Info |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mayunzwe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ruhango]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 1v4ves8s50w98ywszmmcajn1zhk4a9q 140455 140401 2026-09-30T09:13:37Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe | image = [[Dosiye:Entrance of the Memorial 2.jpg|280px]] | caption = Ubwinjiriro bw'urwibutso rwa Mayunzwe (19 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ruhango|Ruhango]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mbuye | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mayunzwe''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira haherereye i Mayunzwe, mu [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] ([[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], [[Rwanda]]). Rwunamira abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], kandi rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]''. Urwibutso rufitanye isano n'ahantu hitwa « Karuvariyo » (''Kaluvariyo''), ku musozi uri hafi aho, ahiciwe Abatutsi b'i Mayunzwe muri Mata 1994. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Mayunzwe, mu Murenge wa Mbuye ([[Akarere ka Ruhango]], Intara y'Amajyepfo). Aka gace kari mu burengerazuba bwa [[Kigali]], hafi ya Muhanga (yahoze yitwa Gitarama).<ref name="JusticeInfo">{{Cite web |author=Thierry Cruvellier |title=Mayunzwe remembers the “Calvary” of the Tutsis |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/130536-mayunzwe-remembers-calvary-tutsis.html |website=Justice Info |date=2024-04-09 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Parking of the memorial2.jpg|left|thumb|Aho imodoka ziparika imbere mu rwibutso rwa Mayunzwe (19 Kanama 2025)]] [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Mayunzwe ni rumwe mu nzibutso, imva rusange n'ahantu ho kwibukira biri hirya no hino mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, bifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Muri izo nzibutso, enye — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2025-08-15}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == Ku wa 24 Mata 1994, Abatutsi biciwe i Mayunzwe, cyane cyane ahitwa « Karuvariyo ». Amakuru yo muri ako gace agereranya ko uwo munsi hishwe abantu amagana.<ref name="RBA">{{Cite web |title=April 24, 1994: Tutsi massacre at Mayunzwe, Ruhango |url=https://rba.co.rw/post/April-24-1994-Tutsi-massacre-at-Mayunzwe-Ruhango |website=Rwanda Broadcasting Agency (RBA) |date=2020-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref><ref name="JusticeInfo" /><ref name="KT2023">{{Cite web |title=Mayunzwe: Bagiye kubaka inzira y’amateka ya Jenoside igana kuri « Karuvariyo » |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/amakuru/amakuru-mu-rwanda/article/mayunzwe-bagiye-kubaka-inzira-y-amateka-ya-jenoside-igana-kuri-karuvariyo |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-05-26 |language=rw |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> Nyuma ya Jenoside, i Mayunzwe hubatswe urwibutso. Inyandiko z'ingengo y'imari zigaragaza imirimo yo kubaka no gusana urwibutso yatewe inkunga n'Akarere ka Ruhango.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ruhango District – Annex II-1 (2018-2021): Construction of Mayunzwe Memorial |url=https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/Minecofin/Publications/REPORTS/National_Budget/District_Budget/2018-19_Revised_Budgets/Ruhango_District/ANNEX_II-1.pdf |website=Ministry of Finance and Economic Planning (MINECOFIN) |language=en |access-date=2025-09-08}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rufitanye isano ya bugufi n'ahitwa « Karuvariyo », ku musozi uri hafi aho, ahiciwe abenshi mu bazize Jenoside b'i Mayunzwe ku wa 24 Mata 1994; ibigereranyo byo muri ako gace bivuga ko muri segiteri ya Mayunzwe honyine hishwe abarenga 850.<ref name="RBA" /> Mu bavugwa ko bayoboye cyangwa bashishikarije ubwicanyi harimo François Murekambanze, wari konseye wa segiteri, hamwe n'abicanyi baturutse ahandi.<ref name="RBA" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka28: tariki ya 24 Mata 1994, uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yakozwe hirya no hino mu gihugu |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/news-detail/kwibuka28-tariki-ya-24-mata-1994-uko-jenoside-yakorewe-abatutsi-yakozwe-hirya-no-hino-mu-gihugu |website=MINUBUMWE |language=rw |access-date=2025-09-09}}</ref> <!-- Inkuru y'Igifaransa ivuga imva rusange ebyiri zabaruwe mu 1994 (I: 150, II: 110, ku wa 23 Mata 1994); inkomoko zatanzwe ni inyandiko zitatangajwe (« extrait communiqué par l’utilisateur ») n'inkuru ya Le Monde itavuga Mayunzwe. Ntibyashyizwe mu nyandiko. --> Aha hantu hakoreshwa buri gihe mu bikorwa byo kwibuka (''Kwibuka''), kandi hari umushinga wo kubaka « inzira y'amateka » igana kuri Karuvariyo.<ref name="JusticeInfo" /><ref name="KT2023" /> [[Dosiye:Road next to Entry Mayunzwe Genocide Memorial.jpg|left|thumb|Umuhanda uri imbere y'urwibutso rwa Mayunzwe (19 Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''Kwibuka'' (ijoro ryo kwibuka, gushyira indabo ku mva, urugendo rwo kwibuka) n'ibikorwa byo kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside bitegurwa n'inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango y'abarokotse.<ref name="JusticeInfo" /> [[Charles Habonimana]], mu gitabo cye ''Moi, le dernier Tutsi'', avuga uko abo mu muryango we bishwe n'uko we yarokotse muri Mata 1994 aha hantu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Charles Habonimana : « Je n’ai oublié ni les bruits, ni les mots, ni les images du génocide des Tutsi » |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/757539/societe/charles-habonimana-je-nai-oublie-ni-les-bruits-ni-les-mots-ni-les-images-du-genocide-des-tutsi/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-04-02 |language=fr |access-date=2025-10-24}}</ref> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ruhango]] * [[Charles Habonimana]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Mayunzwe Genocide Memorial}} * {{Cite web |title=Mayunzwe remembers the “Calvary” of the Tutsis |url=https://www.justiceinfo.net/en/130536-mayunzwe-remembers-calvary-tutsis.html |website=Justice Info |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mayunzwe, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ruhango]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] p24o6f0wd8te95hrisyuudrrgtaqxq8 0 23155 140402 2026-09-29T12:50:29Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Gisagara]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mugombwa | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa''' ni ahant..." 140402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Gisagara]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mugombwa | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Mugombwa, mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Mugombwa, mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Rufitanye isano na Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mugombwa, ivugwa mu hantu hiciwe Abatutsi muri Jenoside mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref name="KTP2016">{{Cite web |title=Mugombwa Parish: Where Burundian Refugees Rampaged on Tutsis Hosts |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2016/03/mugombwa-parish-where-burundian-refugees-rampaged-on-tutsis-hosts/ |website=KT Press |date=2016-03-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Mugombwa ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Mugombwa rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mugombwa ivugwa nk'ahantu hiciwe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, cyane cyane mu bitero byagizwemo uruhare n'impunzi z'Abarundi zari zituye muri ako gace.<ref name="KTP2016" /> Muri Mata 2010, imibiri 40 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Mugombwa. Muri uwo muhango, Umuvunyi Mukuru [[Tito Rutaremara]] yasabye abakoze Jenoside kwemera uruhare rwabo no gusaba imbabazi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ombudsman advises Genocide perpetrators to come clean |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/36818/ombudsman-advises-genocide-perpetrators-to-come-clean |work=The New Times |date=2010-04-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu 2016, mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] havumbuwe imva rusange, mu bikorwa byo gushakisha imibiri y'abazize Jenoside. Ibyo byibukije akamaro ko kumenya, gutaburura no gushyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri y'abazize Jenoside muri ako karere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Mass Graves Discovered In Southern Rwanda |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2016/04/genocide-mass-graves-discovered-in-southern-rwanda/ |website=KT Press |date=2016-04-07 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == === Ubwicanyi bwo kuri Paruwasi ya Mugombwa === Urwibutso rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mugombwa, yari mu cyahoze ari Komini Muganza, Perefegitura ya Butare. Ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994, Abatutsi baturutse i Muganza, Kibayi, Nyaruhengeri no mu nkengero z'umusozi wa Nyange bahungiye muri Kiliziya ya Mugombwa.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |author=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |title=Preparation and execution of the Genocide perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=CNLG |date=January 2021 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Nk'uko Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ibivuga, Abatutsi bagera ku 26&nbsp;700 biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mugombwa.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ubwicanyi bwateguwe hafi ya kiliziya, aho impunzi zari zafungiwe mbere y'igitero. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga ko inzugi zakingishijwe, hanyuma abagabye igitero bakazisenya bakoresheje imbunda na za gerenade, mbere yo gutwika inyubako bakoresheje lisansi.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Iyo raporo ivuga kandi ko mu babigizemo uruhare harimo Élie Ndayambaje, wahoze ari burugumesitiri wa Muganza, abayobozi ba komini, Interahamwe n'impunzi z'Abahutu b'Abarundi zari zituye muri ako gace.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ibyabereye i Mugombwa byanditswe kandi n'Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR/ICTR) mu rubanza ruzwi nka « Butare ». Urubanza rwo ku rwego rwa mbere rwagaragaje ko ibitero byagabwe kuri Kiliziya ya Mugombwa ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994, kandi ko icyo gihe hari hahungiye impunzi ibihumbi, abenshi muri bo bakaba Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prosecutor v. Nyiramasuhuko et al., Judgement and Sentence |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/files/case-documents/ictr-98-42/trial-judgements/en/110624.pdf |format=PDF |website=International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |date=2011-06-24 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Mu bujurire, igihano Élie Ndayambaje yahawe cyo gufasha no gushishikariza ubwicanyi bw'Abatutsi kuri Kiliziya ya Mugombwa ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994 cyaremejwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appeals Chamber Delivers Judgement in the Nyiramasuhuko et al. Case |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/appeals-chamber-delivers-judgement-nyiramasuhuko-et-al-case |website=International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |date=2015-12-14 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> === Uruhare rw'impunzi z'Abarundi === Kuba impunzi z'Abarundi zaragize uruhare muri ibyo bitero ni ikintu gikunze kuvugwa mu nkuru zo muri ako gace. Nk'uko ''KT Press'' ibivuga, impunzi z'Abahutu b'Abarundi zari zituye mu nkambi zegereye umupaka, cyane cyane hafi ya Nyange, zagize uruhare runini mu bitero byagabwe kuri paruwasi no mu midugudu iyikikije.<ref name="KTP2016" /> Iyo nkuru ivuga kandi ko abishwe bashyinguwe mu rwibutso ruri mu kigo cya paruwasi, aho haba haruhukiye abantu 43&nbsp;471, hiyongereyeho abagera ku 6&nbsp;000 bashyinguye ahandi hantu hatatu haturanye.<ref name="KTP2016" /> Urwibutso ubu ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abiciwe i Mugombwa. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso za Jenoside z'igihugu, zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabuye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Mugombwa Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mugombwa, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gisagara]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 5vgo3tc8nhzljypherotxsre8smqd8x 140456 140402 2026-09-30T09:13:40Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140456 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Gisagara|Gisagara]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mugombwa | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mugombwa''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Mugombwa, mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Mugombwa, mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Rufitanye isano na Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mugombwa, ivugwa mu hantu hiciwe Abatutsi muri Jenoside mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref name="KTP2016">{{Cite web |title=Mugombwa Parish: Where Burundian Refugees Rampaged on Tutsis Hosts |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2016/03/mugombwa-parish-where-burundian-refugees-rampaged-on-tutsis-hosts/ |website=KT Press |date=2016-03-22 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Mugombwa ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Mugombwa rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mugombwa ivugwa nk'ahantu hiciwe Abatutsi muri Mata 1994, cyane cyane mu bitero byagizwemo uruhare n'impunzi z'Abarundi zari zituye muri ako gace.<ref name="KTP2016" /> Muri Mata 2010, imibiri 40 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Mugombwa. Muri uwo muhango, Umuvunyi Mukuru [[Tito Rutaremara]] yasabye abakoze Jenoside kwemera uruhare rwabo no gusaba imbabazi.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Ombudsman advises Genocide perpetrators to come clean |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/36818/ombudsman-advises-genocide-perpetrators-to-come-clean |work=The New Times |date=2010-04-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu 2016, mu [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] havumbuwe imva rusange, mu bikorwa byo gushakisha imibiri y'abazize Jenoside. Ibyo byibukije akamaro ko kumenya, gutaburura no gushyingura mu cyubahiro imibiri y'abazize Jenoside muri ako karere.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Mass Graves Discovered In Southern Rwanda |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2016/04/genocide-mass-graves-discovered-in-southern-rwanda/ |website=KT Press |date=2016-04-07 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == === Ubwicanyi bwo kuri Paruwasi ya Mugombwa === Urwibutso rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mugombwa, yari mu cyahoze ari Komini Muganza, Perefegitura ya Butare. Ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994, Abatutsi baturutse i Muganza, Kibayi, Nyaruhengeri no mu nkengero z'umusozi wa Nyange bahungiye muri Kiliziya ya Mugombwa.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |author=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |title=Preparation and execution of the Genocide perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=CNLG |date=January 2021 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Nk'uko Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ibivuga, Abatutsi bagera ku 26&nbsp;700 biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mugombwa.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ubwicanyi bwateguwe hafi ya kiliziya, aho impunzi zari zafungiwe mbere y'igitero. Raporo ya CNLG ivuga ko inzugi zakingishijwe, hanyuma abagabye igitero bakazisenya bakoresheje imbunda na za gerenade, mbere yo gutwika inyubako bakoresheje lisansi.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Iyo raporo ivuga kandi ko mu babigizemo uruhare harimo Élie Ndayambaje, wahoze ari burugumesitiri wa Muganza, abayobozi ba komini, Interahamwe n'impunzi z'Abahutu b'Abarundi zari zituye muri ako gace.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ibyabereye i Mugombwa byanditswe kandi n'Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR/ICTR) mu rubanza ruzwi nka « Butare ». Urubanza rwo ku rwego rwa mbere rwagaragaje ko ibitero byagabwe kuri Kiliziya ya Mugombwa ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994, kandi ko icyo gihe hari hahungiye impunzi ibihumbi, abenshi muri bo bakaba Abatutsi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Prosecutor v. Nyiramasuhuko et al., Judgement and Sentence |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/files/case-documents/ictr-98-42/trial-judgements/en/110624.pdf |format=PDF |website=International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |date=2011-06-24 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Mu bujurire, igihano Élie Ndayambaje yahawe cyo gufasha no gushishikariza ubwicanyi bw'Abatutsi kuri Kiliziya ya Mugombwa ku wa 20 na 21 Mata 1994 cyaremejwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Appeals Chamber Delivers Judgement in the Nyiramasuhuko et al. Case |url=https://unictr.irmct.org/en/news/appeals-chamber-delivers-judgement-nyiramasuhuko-et-al-case |website=International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda |date=2015-12-14 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> === Uruhare rw'impunzi z'Abarundi === Kuba impunzi z'Abarundi zaragize uruhare muri ibyo bitero ni ikintu gikunze kuvugwa mu nkuru zo muri ako gace. Nk'uko ''KT Press'' ibivuga, impunzi z'Abahutu b'Abarundi zari zituye mu nkambi zegereye umupaka, cyane cyane hafi ya Nyange, zagize uruhare runini mu bitero byagabwe kuri paruwasi no mu midugudu iyikikije.<ref name="KTP2016" /> Iyo nkuru ivuga kandi ko abishwe bashyinguwe mu rwibutso ruri mu kigo cya paruwasi, aho haba haruhukiye abantu 43&nbsp;471, hiyongereyeho abagera ku 6&nbsp;000 bashyinguye ahandi hantu hatatu haturanye.<ref name="KTP2016" /> Urwibutso ubu ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abiciwe i Mugombwa. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso za Jenoside z'igihugu, zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Gisagara]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabuye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Mugombwa Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mugombwa, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Gisagara]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] pvyci0vziqmaeo3plgbk4i3u1ci9gyv 0 23156 140403 2026-09-29T12:53:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Busasamana | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Rwafunguwe | data7 = 21 Mata 2014 | label8 = A..." 140403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Busasamana | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Rwafunguwe | data7 = 21 Mata 2014 | label8 = Aho ruherereye | data8 = {{Coord|-2.366561|29.741582|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} : ''Ntibyitiranywe n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro]].'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza''' rwibutsa Abatutsi bazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], i Nyanza, mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rwafunguwe ku mugaragaro ku wa 21 Mata 2014, kandi rubitse imibiri y'abazize Jenoside igera ku 20&nbsp;000.<ref name="GAR">{{Cite web |title=Nyanza Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyanza_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-29}}</ref> == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, Akagari ka Rwesero, Umurenge wa Busasamana, mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo.<ref name="GAR" /> Rwubatswe ku kibanza cya Leta cyari kiriho inzu y'Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yitwaga « Cercle », aho Umwami yakoreraga inama n'abatware be.<ref name="GAR" /> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Nyanza ni rumwe mu nzibutso nyinshi zagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="GAR" /> Umujyi wa Nyanza uzwi kandi kubera Ingoro Ndangamurage y'Umwami i Rukari, ndetse n'amateka yawo nk'icyahoze ari umurwa w'ubwami. Mu 1994, aho urwibutso ruri hari muri Selire Murambi, Segiteri Rwesero, Komini Nyabisindu, Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref name="GAR" /> == Amateka == === Jenoside i Nyanza === Ubwicanyi bwatangiye muri ako gace ahagana ku wa 15 Mata 1994, ubwo umuntu wa mbere yicirwaga i Rwabicuma. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyabisindu, Jean-Marie Vianney Gisagara, wakanguriraga abaturage kutijandika mu bwicanyi, yarafashwe arabohwa, azengurutswa umujyi wa Nyanza aziritse ku modoka, aricwa. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, ubwicanyi busesuye bwatangiye ku wa 20 Mata 1994.<ref name="GAR" /> Ubwicanyi bwabereye mu mujyi wa Nyanza no mu nkengero zawo, i Busasamana, i Rwabicuma, i Mukingo, i Mpanga n'ahandi. Ku gasozi ka Nyamiyaga, Abatutsi bagerageje kwirwanaho bakoresheje amabuye, ariko bicwa n'amasasu y'abajandarume. Kubera ko hari bariyeri hose, abenshi biciwe mu ngo zabo. Imibiri y'abishwe yajugunywe kuri sitade ya Nyanza no mu cyuzi cya Nyamagana.<ref name="GAR" /> Jenoside yahagaritswe i Nyanza ku wa 28–29 Gicurasi 1994.<ref name="GAR" /> === Ishyirwaho ry'urwibutso === Kubera ko aho imibiri yari ishyinguye kuri sitade nta bwinyagamburiro hari hafite, Akarere ka Nyanza kafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka urwibutso rushya no kwimurirayo imibiri. Rwatashywe ku wa 21 Mata 2014. Rushyinguyemo imibiri yavanywe kuri sitade n'indi yari ishyinguye hirya no hino mu masambu no mu ngo; hateganyijwe kandi kwimurirwamo imibiri iri mu nzibutso za Kavumu na Mwima.<ref name="GAR" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Abashyinguye mu rwibutso rwa Nyanza bagereranywa ku 20&nbsp;011, kandi umubare uziyongera uko imibiri mishya izagenda iboneka.<ref name="GAR" /> Umunsi wo kwibuka ni ku wa 21 Mata buri mwaka, kuko ari bwo ubwicanyi bweruye bwatangiye i Nyanza.<ref name="GAR" /> Hari ubusitani bwagutse, kandi inzu ya « Cercle » y'Umwami Rudahigwa iteganyirizwa kuba inzu y'amateka.<ref name="GAR" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Nyanza Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyanza_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=rw}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyanza, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyanza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] e0dgmuz14qgeuq1pm20j6o7le5cjo6s 140457 140403 2026-09-30T09:13:43Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140457 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyanza|Nyanza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Busasamana | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Rwafunguwe | data7 = 21 Mata 2014 | label8 = Aho ruherereye | data8 = {{Coord|-2.366561|29.741582|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} : ''Ntibyitiranywe n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro]].'' '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza''' rwibutsa Abatutsi bazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], i Nyanza, mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rwafunguwe ku mugaragaro ku wa 21 Mata 2014, kandi rubitse imibiri y'abazize Jenoside igera ku 20&nbsp;000.<ref name="GAR">{{Cite web |title=Nyanza Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyanza_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=rw |access-date=2026-09-29}}</ref> == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Mudugudu wa Murambi, Akagari ka Rwesero, Umurenge wa Busasamana, mu [[Akarere ka Nyanza]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo.<ref name="GAR" /> Rwubatswe ku kibanza cya Leta cyari kiriho inzu y'Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yitwaga « Cercle », aho Umwami yakoreraga inama n'abatware be.<ref name="GAR" /> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Nyanza ni rumwe mu nzibutso nyinshi zagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="GAR" /> Umujyi wa Nyanza uzwi kandi kubera Ingoro Ndangamurage y'Umwami i Rukari, ndetse n'amateka yawo nk'icyahoze ari umurwa w'ubwami. Mu 1994, aho urwibutso ruri hari muri Selire Murambi, Segiteri Rwesero, Komini Nyabisindu, Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref name="GAR" /> == Amateka == === Jenoside i Nyanza === Ubwicanyi bwatangiye muri ako gace ahagana ku wa 15 Mata 1994, ubwo umuntu wa mbere yicirwaga i Rwabicuma. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyabisindu, Jean-Marie Vianney Gisagara, wakanguriraga abaturage kutijandika mu bwicanyi, yarafashwe arabohwa, azengurutswa umujyi wa Nyanza aziritse ku modoka, aricwa. Nyuma y'urupfu rwe, ubwicanyi busesuye bwatangiye ku wa 20 Mata 1994.<ref name="GAR" /> Ubwicanyi bwabereye mu mujyi wa Nyanza no mu nkengero zawo, i Busasamana, i Rwabicuma, i Mukingo, i Mpanga n'ahandi. Ku gasozi ka Nyamiyaga, Abatutsi bagerageje kwirwanaho bakoresheje amabuye, ariko bicwa n'amasasu y'abajandarume. Kubera ko hari bariyeri hose, abenshi biciwe mu ngo zabo. Imibiri y'abishwe yajugunywe kuri sitade ya Nyanza no mu cyuzi cya Nyamagana.<ref name="GAR" /> Jenoside yahagaritswe i Nyanza ku wa 28–29 Gicurasi 1994.<ref name="GAR" /> === Ishyirwaho ry'urwibutso === Kubera ko aho imibiri yari ishyinguye kuri sitade nta bwinyagamburiro hari hafite, Akarere ka Nyanza kafashe icyemezo cyo kubaka urwibutso rushya no kwimurirayo imibiri. Rwatashywe ku wa 21 Mata 2014. Rushyinguyemo imibiri yavanywe kuri sitade n'indi yari ishyinguye hirya no hino mu masambu no mu ngo; hateganyijwe kandi kwimurirwamo imibiri iri mu nzibutso za Kavumu na Mwima.<ref name="GAR" /> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Abashyinguye mu rwibutso rwa Nyanza bagereranywa ku 20&nbsp;011, kandi umubare uziyongera uko imibiri mishya izagenda iboneka.<ref name="GAR" /> Umunsi wo kwibuka ni ku wa 21 Mata buri mwaka, kuko ari bwo ubwicanyi bweruye bwatangiye i Nyanza.<ref name="GAR" /> Hari ubusitani bwagutse, kandi inzu ya « Cercle » y'Umwami Rudahigwa iteganyirizwa kuba inzu y'amateka.<ref name="GAR" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyanza]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyanza-Kicukiro]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * {{Cite web |title=Nyanza Memorial |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/Nyanza_Memorial |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=rw}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyanza, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyanza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] tgfwwk7hu3rge3ifqny6d3qxhmzw8nw 0 23157 140404 2026-09-29T13:13:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona | image = [[Dosiye:RubonaGenocideMemorial08.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini, ku bwinjiriro bwa RAB (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rusatira | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data..." 140404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona | image = [[Dosiye:RubonaGenocideMemorial08.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini, ku bwinjiriro bwa RAB (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rusatira | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Ubuso | data7 = hegitari 0,1 | label8 = Aho ruherereye | data8 = {{Coord|-2.483167|29.771083|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye ku butaka bw'icyahoze ari ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cya ISAR Rubona, mu Murenge wa Rusatira, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu majyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi bazize Jenoside, barimo abakozi b'icyo kigo n'imiryango yabo, ndetse n'impunzi zari zaturutse mu makomini aturanye. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Rubona cy'Ikigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi (Rwanda Agriculture Board, RAB), mu Mudugudu wa Rubona, Akagari ka Kiruhura, Umurenge wa Rusatira, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo.<ref>Rwanda Agriculture Board, « Rubona Station », urupapuro rw'ikigo.</ref> Ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside zabaruwe ku mugaragaro n'inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda.<ref name="MINUBUMWE">Ministry of National Unity and Civic Engagement (MINUBUMWE), ''Sites mémoriaux du Génocide de 1994 perpétré contre les Tutsi du Rwanda'', urutonde ruri kuri interineti.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mbere ya 1994, ISAR Rubona yari ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cy'Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda (ISAR), gikikijwe n'imisozi y'icyaro yo mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref>A. Musoni, « The case of Rubona station, Rwanda », ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'', vol. 25, no 11, 2013.</ref> Jenoside igitangira, Abatutsi benshi bo muri icyo kigo no mu makomini aturanye ya Ruhashya, Rusatira, Mbazi, Mugusa, Maraba n'agace ka Gikongoro bahungiye ku musozi wa Rubona, bizeye ko bazarindwa n'uko hari ikigo cy'igihugu n'inzego z'umutekano.<ref name="CNLG">Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and execution of the genocide against the Tutsi'', Kigali, 2021, p. 183.</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:RubonaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cy'urwibutso imbere mu rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Ku wa 26 Mata 1994, ibitero byaturutse mu makomini atandukanye aturanye byagabwe ku mpunzi z'Abatutsi zari zikusanyirijwe mu kigo cya ISAR Rubona no ku musozi wa Rubona.<ref name="CNLG" /> [[Interahamwe]], abajandarume, abasirikare n'abapolisi bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwamaze umunsi wose n'ijoro ryose, bwibasiye abakozi b'ikigo n'imiryango yabo, ndetse n'abari basubijwe inyuma bagerageza guhungira i [[Uburundi|Burundi]].<ref name="NT2025">Hudson Kuteesa, « April 26, 1994: When ISAR Rubona Tutsi employees were massacred », ''The New Times'', 26 Mata 2025.</ref> Raporo ya CNLG ivuga ko mu bayobozi bo muri ako gace bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi harimo Umuyobozi Mukuru wa ISAR, Charles Ndereyehe, umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Rubona Joseph Mulindangabo, ushinzwe abakozi Didace Mugemana n'abandi bayobozi n'Interahamwe bateguye ibarura ry'Abatutsi kandi bahuza ibitero.<ref name="CNLG" /> Nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwa mbere, bamwe mu barokotse bakusanyirijwe ahitwa i Gakera, munsi y'umusozi wa Rubona, bizezwa ko ubwicanyi buzahagarara, nyuma bongera kugabwaho ibitero baricwa mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi 1994.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ibigereranyo bivuga ko abakozi ba ISAR Rubona n'ababo bagera kuri mirongo irindwi biciwe aha hantu, mu gihe umubare wose w'abishwe, harimo n'impunzi zaturutse mu makomini aturanye, ari munini kandi bigoye kuwumenya.<ref name="NT2025" /> Nyuma ya Jenoside, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yatabururwe aha hantu no mu nkengero zaho yagiye ihurizwa hamwe mu mva rusange y'urwibutso rwa Rubona.<ref name="CNLG" /> Iyo raporo ivuga ko hashyinguwe abantu bagera ku 120 bamenyekanye, mu gihe indi mibiri itaraboneka ikiri mu mva rusange cyangwa mu bishanga.<ref name="CNLG" /> Buri mwaka, Ikigo RAB n'abarokotse bategura imihango yo kwibuka muri icyo gihe cya ''[[Kwibuka]]''.<ref name="RAB">Rwanda Agriculture Board, « KWIBUKA 31: RAB commemorates former employees killed in the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi », 2025.</ref> Iyo mihango kandi iba umwanya wo kwibutsa imanza zaciriwe bamwe mu bahoze ari abayobozi ba ISAR Rubona, nka [[Venant Rutunga]], woherejwe n'u Buholandi akaburanishirizwa mu Rwanda kubera uruhare rwe mu bwicanyi bwabereye aha hantu.<ref>Aurore Teta Ufitiwabo, « Rutunga verdict: We hoped for a life sentence – Genocide survivors », ''The New Times'', 7 Nzeri 2024.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Rubona ruri ku buso bungana na hegitari 0,1 mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi, rukagira imva rusange n'ikimenyetso cy'urwibutso byerekana aho abazize Jenoside baruhukiye.<ref name="MINUBUMWE" /> Ni ahantu imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, abarokotse bo mu karere ka Huye n'abakozi b'urwego rw'ubuhinzi mu Rwanda bazira kunamira bagenzi babo biciwe mu 1994.<ref name="RAB" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Venant Rutunga]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rubona Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and execution of the genocide against the Tutsi'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021. * A. Musoni, « The case of Rubona station, Rwanda », ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'', vol. 25, no 11, 2013. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rubona, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 49s3egp7ovjtv5wvf7h4h0rcrjafmoi 140458 140404 2026-09-30T09:13:46Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140458 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona | image = [[Dosiye:RubonaGenocideMemorial08.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini, ku bwinjiriro bwa RAB (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rusatira | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label7 = Ubuso | data7 = hegitari 0,1 | label8 = Aho ruherereye | data8 = {{Coord|-2.483167|29.771083|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye ku butaka bw'icyahoze ari ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cya ISAR Rubona, mu Murenge wa Rusatira, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu majyepfo y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'Abatutsi bazize Jenoside, barimo abakozi b'icyo kigo n'imiryango yabo, ndetse n'impunzi zari zaturutse mu makomini aturanye. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi cya Rubona cy'Ikigo cy'Igihugu Gishinzwe Guteza Imbere Ubuhinzi n'Ubworozi (Rwanda Agriculture Board, RAB), mu Mudugudu wa Rubona, Akagari ka Kiruhura, Umurenge wa Rusatira, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo.<ref>Rwanda Agriculture Board, « Rubona Station », urupapuro rw'ikigo.</ref> Ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside zabaruwe ku mugaragaro n'inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda.<ref name="MINUBUMWE">Ministry of National Unity and Civic Engagement (MINUBUMWE), ''Sites mémoriaux du Génocide de 1994 perpétré contre les Tutsi du Rwanda'', urutonde ruri kuri interineti.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mbere ya 1994, ISAR Rubona yari ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi mu buhinzi cy'Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda (ISAR), gikikijwe n'imisozi y'icyaro yo mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref>A. Musoni, « The case of Rubona station, Rwanda », ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'', vol. 25, no 11, 2013.</ref> Jenoside igitangira, Abatutsi benshi bo muri icyo kigo no mu makomini aturanye ya Ruhashya, Rusatira, Mbazi, Mugusa, Maraba n'agace ka Gikongoro bahungiye ku musozi wa Rubona, bizeye ko bazarindwa n'uko hari ikigo cy'igihugu n'inzego z'umutekano.<ref name="CNLG">Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and execution of the genocide against the Tutsi'', Kigali, 2021, p. 183.</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:RubonaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cy'urwibutso imbere mu rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Ku wa 26 Mata 1994, ibitero byaturutse mu makomini atandukanye aturanye byagabwe ku mpunzi z'Abatutsi zari zikusanyirijwe mu kigo cya ISAR Rubona no ku musozi wa Rubona.<ref name="CNLG" /> [[Interahamwe]], abajandarume, abasirikare n'abapolisi bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwamaze umunsi wose n'ijoro ryose, bwibasiye abakozi b'ikigo n'imiryango yabo, ndetse n'abari basubijwe inyuma bagerageza guhungira i [[Uburundi|Burundi]].<ref name="NT2025">Hudson Kuteesa, « April 26, 1994: When ISAR Rubona Tutsi employees were massacred », ''The New Times'', 26 Mata 2025.</ref> Raporo ya CNLG ivuga ko mu bayobozi bo muri ako gace bagize uruhare muri ubwo bwicanyi harimo Umuyobozi Mukuru wa ISAR, Charles Ndereyehe, umuyobozi w'ikigo cya Rubona Joseph Mulindangabo, ushinzwe abakozi Didace Mugemana n'abandi bayobozi n'Interahamwe bateguye ibarura ry'Abatutsi kandi bahuza ibitero.<ref name="CNLG" /> Nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwa mbere, bamwe mu barokotse bakusanyirijwe ahitwa i Gakera, munsi y'umusozi wa Rubona, bizezwa ko ubwicanyi buzahagarara, nyuma bongera kugabwaho ibitero baricwa mu ntangiriro za Gicurasi 1994.<ref name="CNLG" /> Ibigereranyo bivuga ko abakozi ba ISAR Rubona n'ababo bagera kuri mirongo irindwi biciwe aha hantu, mu gihe umubare wose w'abishwe, harimo n'impunzi zaturutse mu makomini aturanye, ari munini kandi bigoye kuwumenya.<ref name="NT2025" /> Nyuma ya Jenoside, imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yatabururwe aha hantu no mu nkengero zaho yagiye ihurizwa hamwe mu mva rusange y'urwibutso rwa Rubona.<ref name="CNLG" /> Iyo raporo ivuga ko hashyinguwe abantu bagera ku 120 bamenyekanye, mu gihe indi mibiri itaraboneka ikiri mu mva rusange cyangwa mu bishanga.<ref name="CNLG" /> Buri mwaka, Ikigo RAB n'abarokotse bategura imihango yo kwibuka muri icyo gihe cya ''[[Kwibuka]]''.<ref name="RAB">Rwanda Agriculture Board, « KWIBUKA 31: RAB commemorates former employees killed in the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi », 2025.</ref> Iyo mihango kandi iba umwanya wo kwibutsa imanza zaciriwe bamwe mu bahoze ari abayobozi ba ISAR Rubona, nka [[Venant Rutunga]], woherejwe n'u Buholandi akaburanishirizwa mu Rwanda kubera uruhare rwe mu bwicanyi bwabereye aha hantu.<ref>Aurore Teta Ufitiwabo, « Rutunga verdict: We hoped for a life sentence – Genocide survivors », ''The New Times'', 7 Nzeri 2024.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Rubona ruri ku buso bungana na hegitari 0,1 mu kigo cy'ubushakashatsi, rukagira imva rusange n'ikimenyetso cy'urwibutso byerekana aho abazize Jenoside baruhukiye.<ref name="MINUBUMWE" /> Ni ahantu imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, abarokotse bo mu karere ka Huye n'abakozi b'urwego rw'ubuhinzi mu Rwanda bazira kunamira bagenzi babo biciwe mu 1994.<ref name="RAB" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Venant Rutunga]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rubona Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and execution of the genocide against the Tutsi'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021. * A. Musoni, « The case of Rubona station, Rwanda », ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'', vol. 25, no 11, 2013. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rubona, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] pomraq1jib356ijgfo10of6bh8cemx1 0 23158 140405 2026-09-29T13:15:25Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya | image = [[Dosiye:RuhashyaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Ruhashya | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda r..." 140405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya | image = [[Dosiye:RuhashyaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Ruhashya | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Ruhashya, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Ruhashya, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Ruri ku rutonde rw'inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Ruhashya ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Ruhashya ruri mu hantu ho kwibukira hashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kugira ngo habungabungwe urwibutso rw'abayizize bo mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare, ubu iri mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Mu 2006, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ku muhango wo kwibuka wabereye ku rwibutso rwa Ruhashya, aho abarokotse batanze ubuhamya ku bugome bakorewe muri Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Shock As Survivor Narrates Ordeal |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200605010138.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-28 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Muri Mata 2011, imibiri 122 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Ruhashya, mu mihango yateguwe mu [[Akarere ka Huye]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Over 130 Genocide victims' remains laid to rest in Huye |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/54166/National/over-130-genocide-victims-remains-laid-to-rest-in-huye |work=The New Times |date=2011-04-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Aha hantu hari imishinga yo kuhasana no kuhagura. Mu 2023, Akarere ka Huye kasohoye isoko ryo gusana no kwagura urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rehabilitation and Extension of Ruhashya Genocide Memorial Site in Huye District |url=https://www.rwandatenders.com/tender/rehabilitation-and-extension-ruhashya-genocide-memorial-site-huye-district-5251598.php |website=RwandaTenders |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Jenoside i Ruhashya == Jenoside i Ruhashya yaranzwe no kuva ku kwirwanaho kwa mbere ikagera ku bwicanyi buteguwe. Mu cyahoze ari Komini Ruhashya, ubu iri mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], ubwicanyi bwatangiye ahagana ku wa 22 Mata 1994. Burugumesitiri Martin Rudakubana ngo yabanje kugerageza kurwanya ibitero byibasiraga Abatutsi, nyuma ahindura imyitwarire nyuma y'inama yabereye i Butare ku wa 19 Mata 1994, ayigarukamo yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare.<ref name="Huye">{{Cite web |title=Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Huye |url=https://www.huye.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/huye/Inyandiko/Amategeko/Amateka_ya_Jenoside_muri__Huye.pdf |publisher=Akarere ka Huye |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Abatutsi bahungiye ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ku biro bya Komini Ruhashya, muri ISAR Songa, muri ISAR Rubona, ku musozi wa Rubaba, i Mwendo n'i Rugogwe. I Rubaba, amatsinda amwe yagerageje kwirwanaho mbere y'uko abajandarume baza kurasa ku mpunzi.<ref name="Huye" /> Ubwicanyi bwakozwe mu byiciro bitandukanye hagati ya tariki ya 21 Mata 1994 n'impera z'ukwezi kwa Mata. Abatutsi bari bahungiye i Rubaba bishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, abari ku biro bya komini ya Ruhashya bicwa ku wa 24 na 25 Mata 1994, naho abari bahungiye muri ISAR Songa bicwa ku wa 28 Mata 1994.<ref name="Huye" /> Ibitero byagabwe n'Interahamwe n'amatsinda yaturutse mu turere dutandukanye duturanye, harimo icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, Maraba, Rusatira na Kinyamakara. Raporo yerekeye Huye ivuga kandi uruhare rwa Aloys Simba mu bitero byagabwe ku Batutsi bari bahungiye muri Komini Ruhashya, cyane cyane i Rugogwe n'i Gashoba.<ref name="Huye" /> Ikindi cyihariye kuri Ruhashya ni uko ahantu hiciwe abantu hari hatatanye. Abatutsi ntibiciwe gusa aho bari bahungiye ari benshi, ahubwo bicirwaga no kuri bariyeri zashyizwe mu masantere no ku mihanda, nka bariyeri za Rwaniro, Mwogo, kwa Godefroid Ngenzi no kwa Rukundo.<ref name="Huye" /> Ibyo bisobanura impamvu mu Murenge wa Ruhashya w'ubu hari ahantu henshi ho kwibukira, harimo inzibutso za Ruhashya, Mwendo na ISAR Songa.<ref name="Huye" /><ref name="CNLG">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Ruhashya Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ruhashya, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] t40jtllfin3gpteiycoovcl1cqzsj6f 140459 140405 2026-09-30T09:13:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140459 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya | image = [[Dosiye:RuhashyaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Ruhashya | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Ruhashya, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Ruhashya, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Ruri ku rutonde rw'inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Ruhashya ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Ruhashya ruri mu hantu ho kwibukira hashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kugira ngo habungabungwe urwibutso rw'abayizize bo mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare, ubu iri mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Mu 2006, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ku muhango wo kwibuka wabereye ku rwibutso rwa Ruhashya, aho abarokotse batanze ubuhamya ku bugome bakorewe muri Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Shock As Survivor Narrates Ordeal |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200605010138.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-28 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Muri Mata 2011, imibiri 122 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Ruhashya, mu mihango yateguwe mu [[Akarere ka Huye]].<ref>{{Cite news |title=Over 130 Genocide victims' remains laid to rest in Huye |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/54166/National/over-130-genocide-victims-remains-laid-to-rest-in-huye |work=The New Times |date=2011-04-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Aha hantu hari imishinga yo kuhasana no kuhagura. Mu 2023, Akarere ka Huye kasohoye isoko ryo gusana no kwagura urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rehabilitation and Extension of Ruhashya Genocide Memorial Site in Huye District |url=https://www.rwandatenders.com/tender/rehabilitation-and-extension-ruhashya-genocide-memorial-site-huye-district-5251598.php |website=RwandaTenders |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Jenoside i Ruhashya == Jenoside i Ruhashya yaranzwe no kuva ku kwirwanaho kwa mbere ikagera ku bwicanyi buteguwe. Mu cyahoze ari Komini Ruhashya, ubu iri mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], ubwicanyi bwatangiye ahagana ku wa 22 Mata 1994. Burugumesitiri Martin Rudakubana ngo yabanje kugerageza kurwanya ibitero byibasiraga Abatutsi, nyuma ahindura imyitwarire nyuma y'inama yabereye i Butare ku wa 19 Mata 1994, ayigarukamo yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare.<ref name="Huye">{{Cite web |title=Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Huye |url=https://www.huye.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/huye/Inyandiko/Amategeko/Amateka_ya_Jenoside_muri__Huye.pdf |publisher=Akarere ka Huye |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Abatutsi bahungiye ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ku biro bya Komini Ruhashya, muri ISAR Songa, muri ISAR Rubona, ku musozi wa Rubaba, i Mwendo n'i Rugogwe. I Rubaba, amatsinda amwe yagerageje kwirwanaho mbere y'uko abajandarume baza kurasa ku mpunzi.<ref name="Huye" /> Ubwicanyi bwakozwe mu byiciro bitandukanye hagati ya tariki ya 21 Mata 1994 n'impera z'ukwezi kwa Mata. Abatutsi bari bahungiye i Rubaba bishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, abari ku biro bya komini ya Ruhashya bicwa ku wa 24 na 25 Mata 1994, naho abari bahungiye muri ISAR Songa bicwa ku wa 28 Mata 1994.<ref name="Huye" /> Ibitero byagabwe n'Interahamwe n'amatsinda yaturutse mu turere dutandukanye duturanye, harimo icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, Maraba, Rusatira na Kinyamakara. Raporo yerekeye Huye ivuga kandi uruhare rwa Aloys Simba mu bitero byagabwe ku Batutsi bari bahungiye muri Komini Ruhashya, cyane cyane i Rugogwe n'i Gashoba.<ref name="Huye" /> Ikindi cyihariye kuri Ruhashya ni uko ahantu hiciwe abantu hari hatatanye. Abatutsi ntibiciwe gusa aho bari bahungiye ari benshi, ahubwo bicirwaga no kuri bariyeri zashyizwe mu masantere no ku mihanda, nka bariyeri za Rwaniro, Mwogo, kwa Godefroid Ngenzi no kwa Rukundo.<ref name="Huye" /> Ibyo bisobanura impamvu mu Murenge wa Ruhashya w'ubu hari ahantu henshi ho kwibukira, harimo inzibutso za Ruhashya, Mwendo na ISAR Songa.<ref name="Huye" /><ref name="CNLG">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Ruhashya Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ruhashya, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] jjyzwy7ex7m35cvd07booc2l3wn8bhg 0 23159 140406 2026-09-29T13:20:07Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa | image = [[Dosiye:SongaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa (20 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abat..." 140406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa | image = [[Dosiye:SongaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa (20 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label6 = Aho ruherereye | data6 = {{Coord|-2.402138|29.779773|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira mu [[Rwanda]], hagenewe [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:SongaGenocideMemorial17.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso ruri imbere y'umuhanda mukuru ugana i Butare (20 Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku muhanda ugana i Butare, mu majyepfo y'igihugu, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]]. Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda (ISAR) cyari i Songa, mu cyahoze ari Superefegitura ya Nyabisindu (ubu ni mu Karere ka Huye), cyabereyemo ubwicanyi bukomeye ku wa 28 Mata 1994.<ref name="KTP2024">{{Cite web |author=Jean de la Croix Tabaro |title=Genocide Survivors from ISAR Songa Testify In French Court |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/12/genocide-survivors-from-isar-songa-testify-in-french-court/ |website=KT Press |date=2024-12-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Procès de Philippe Hategekimana aux assises de Paris – 24ème jour |url=https://www.ibuka-france.org/proces-de-philippe-hategekimana-aux-assises-de-paris-24eme-jour |website=Ibuka France |date=2023-06-20 |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:SongaGenocideMemorial12.jpg|left|thumb|Ubwinjiriro bukuru bw'urwibutso rwa Songa (20 Kanama 2025)]] === Ubuhungiro === Abatutsi bagera ku 14&nbsp;000 bahungiye muri icyo kigo mu ntangiriro za Mata 1994, bizeye ko icyo kigo cya Leta kizabarinda.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tharcisse Sinzi, survivant du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : « Vivre ou mourir, mais debout ! » |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2025/05/03/tharcisse-sinzi-survivant-du-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-vivre-ou-mourir-mais-debout_6602556_3260.html |work=Le Monde |date=2025-05-03 |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Combattre. Récit d'un résistant face au génocide des Tutsi, un témoignage de Tharcisse Sinzi avec Thomas Zribi |url=https://revue.alarmer.org/combattre-recit-dun-resistant-face-au-genocide-des-tutsi-un-temoignage-de-tharcisse-sinzi-avec-thomas-zribi/ |website=Revue Alarmer |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> === Ubwicanyi bwo muri ISAR Songa ku wa 28 Mata 1994 === Nyuma y'uko kajugujugu ije kugenzura aho hantu ku wa 27 Mata, igitero gikomeye cyagabwe bukeye bwaho mu gitondo. Impunzi, zitagiraga ikindi zirwanisha uretse amabuye, zahanganye n'abajandarume baturutse i Nyanza, abasirikare n'Interahamwe.<ref name="KTP2024" /> Abagabye igitero bakoresheje intwaro ziremereye, harimo za mortier zo mu bwoko bwa 60 mm na za gerenade. Ubuhamya buvuga ubugome bukabije: bamwe bahambwe ari bazima, abagabo baracurwa, n'abagore benshi bafatwa ku ngufu inshuro nyinshi.<ref name="KTP2024" /> == Uruhare n'ubutabera == Igitero cyayobowe kandi kigenzurwa n'umwofisiye muto wa Jandarumeri y'i Nyanza, Adjudant-chef [[Philippe Hategekimana]] (wiswe « Biguma »).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Procès de Philippe Manier devant la Cour d’Assises de Paris – Jour 22 |url=https://www.ibuka-france.org/proces-de-philippe-manier-devant-la-cour-dassises-de-paris-jour-22 |website=Ibuka France |date=2024-12-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> Ku wa 30 Kamena 2023, Urukiko rwa Rubanda (Cour d'assises) rw'i Paris rwamuhamije icyaha cya Jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, cyane cyane kubera gutegeka no kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwo muri ISAR Songa, rumukatira igifungo cya burundu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compte rendu d'audience |url=https://rcn-ong.be/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CR_06.12.pdf |website=RCN Justice & Démocratie |format=PDF |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> Umuyobozi wa ISAR, Charles Ndereyehe, na we ashinjwa kuba yarateguye itsemba ry'abakozi b'Abatutsi n'impunzi, akoresha imodoka z'ikigo mu gutwara abicanyi.<ref>Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG), « Planification et mise en œuvre du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi au Rwanda (1991-1994) », Mutarama 2021.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso ni ahantu ho kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Rukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kwibuka no kwigisha amateka, harimo gusura aho hantu n'imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]''. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona]] * [[Philippe Hategekimana]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Songa Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Songa, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] r76hrtyq4cnjwcdq0cfhs8khqn4maru 140460 140406 2026-09-30T09:13:52Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140460 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa | image = [[Dosiye:SongaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa (20 Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) | label6 = Aho ruherereye | data6 = {{Coord|-2.402138|29.779773|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}} }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira mu [[Rwanda]], hagenewe [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. == Aho ruherereye == [[Dosiye:SongaGenocideMemorial17.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso ruri imbere y'umuhanda mukuru ugana i Butare (20 Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku muhanda ugana i Butare, mu majyepfo y'igihugu, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]]. Ikigo cy'Ubushakashatsi mu by'Ubuhinzi mu Rwanda (ISAR) cyari i Songa, mu cyahoze ari Superefegitura ya Nyabisindu (ubu ni mu Karere ka Huye), cyabereyemo ubwicanyi bukomeye ku wa 28 Mata 1994.<ref name="KTP2024">{{Cite web |author=Jean de la Croix Tabaro |title=Genocide Survivors from ISAR Songa Testify In French Court |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2024/12/genocide-survivors-from-isar-songa-testify-in-french-court/ |website=KT Press |date=2024-12-11 |language=en |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Procès de Philippe Hategekimana aux assises de Paris – 24ème jour |url=https://www.ibuka-france.org/proces-de-philippe-hategekimana-aux-assises-de-paris-24eme-jour |website=Ibuka France |date=2023-06-20 |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] [[Dosiye:SongaGenocideMemorial12.jpg|left|thumb|Ubwinjiriro bukuru bw'urwibutso rwa Songa (20 Kanama 2025)]] === Ubuhungiro === Abatutsi bagera ku 14&nbsp;000 bahungiye muri icyo kigo mu ntangiriro za Mata 1994, bizeye ko icyo kigo cya Leta kizabarinda.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Tharcisse Sinzi, survivant du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : « Vivre ou mourir, mais debout ! » |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/livres/article/2025/05/03/tharcisse-sinzi-survivant-du-genocide-des-tutsi-au-rwanda-vivre-ou-mourir-mais-debout_6602556_3260.html |work=Le Monde |date=2025-05-03 |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Combattre. Récit d'un résistant face au génocide des Tutsi, un témoignage de Tharcisse Sinzi avec Thomas Zribi |url=https://revue.alarmer.org/combattre-recit-dun-resistant-face-au-genocide-des-tutsi-un-temoignage-de-tharcisse-sinzi-avec-thomas-zribi/ |website=Revue Alarmer |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> === Ubwicanyi bwo muri ISAR Songa ku wa 28 Mata 1994 === Nyuma y'uko kajugujugu ije kugenzura aho hantu ku wa 27 Mata, igitero gikomeye cyagabwe bukeye bwaho mu gitondo. Impunzi, zitagiraga ikindi zirwanisha uretse amabuye, zahanganye n'abajandarume baturutse i Nyanza, abasirikare n'Interahamwe.<ref name="KTP2024" /> Abagabye igitero bakoresheje intwaro ziremereye, harimo za mortier zo mu bwoko bwa 60 mm na za gerenade. Ubuhamya buvuga ubugome bukabije: bamwe bahambwe ari bazima, abagabo baracurwa, n'abagore benshi bafatwa ku ngufu inshuro nyinshi.<ref name="KTP2024" /> == Uruhare n'ubutabera == Igitero cyayobowe kandi kigenzurwa n'umwofisiye muto wa Jandarumeri y'i Nyanza, Adjudant-chef [[Philippe Hategekimana]] (wiswe « Biguma »).<ref>{{Cite web |title=Procès de Philippe Manier devant la Cour d’Assises de Paris – Jour 22 |url=https://www.ibuka-france.org/proces-de-philippe-manier-devant-la-cour-dassises-de-paris-jour-22 |website=Ibuka France |date=2024-12-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> Ku wa 30 Kamena 2023, Urukiko rwa Rubanda (Cour d'assises) rw'i Paris rwamuhamije icyaha cya Jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, cyane cyane kubera gutegeka no kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwo muri ISAR Songa, rumukatira igifungo cya burundu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Compte rendu d'audience |url=https://rcn-ong.be/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/CR_06.12.pdf |website=RCN Justice & Démocratie |format=PDF |language=fr |access-date=2026-03-07}}</ref> Umuyobozi wa ISAR, Charles Ndereyehe, na we ashinjwa kuba yarateguye itsemba ry'abakozi b'Abatutsi n'impunzi, akoresha imodoka z'ikigo mu gutwara abicanyi.<ref>Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG), « Planification et mise en œuvre du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi au Rwanda (1991-1994) », Mutarama 2021.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso ni ahantu ho kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Rukoreshwa mu bikorwa byo kwibuka no kwigisha amateka, harimo gusura aho hantu n'imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]''. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona]] * [[Philippe Hategekimana]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Songa Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Songa, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 3tqx8evgpmw32j0coc4njgfpymn6gef 0 23160 140407 2026-09-29T13:26:02Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa UNR-Butare | image = [[Dosiye:UNR-ButareGenocideMemorial26.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini, ku bwinjiriro bwa Kaminuza (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Ngoma | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwib..." 140407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa UNR-Butare | image = [[Dosiye:UNR-ButareGenocideMemorial26.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini, ku bwinjiriro bwa Kaminuza (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Ngoma | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa UNR-Butare''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu kigo cya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] i Huye, mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rwibutsa abanyeshuri, abakozi n'abaturage biciwe i Butare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Ruhande, rwagati mu kigo cya Huye cya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] (yahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda), hafi ya sitade ya Huye, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]]. Ruri mu Murenge wa Ngoma, ahantu habaruwe mu hantu habereye ubwicanyi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of major massacre sites sorted by prefecture and commune |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/LieuxGenocide.html.en |website=France Génocide Tutsi |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Butare ni kimwe mu bigo by'ingenzi bya kaminuza mu Rwanda, ahari Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda mbere y'uko ihurizwa muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1966 – Samenwerking Université Nationale du Ruanda – Rijksuniversiteit Gent |url=https://www.ugentmemorie.be/gebeurtenissen/1966-samenwerking-universite-nationale-du-ruanda |website=UGentMemorie |language=nl |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abanyeshuri n'abakozi benshi ba kaminuza biciwe i Butare. Nyuma ya Jenoside, abashakashatsi n'abarimu ba kaminuza bo mu Rwanda bibumbiye mu nzego nka CERCOSH bagize uruhare mu kubarura ahantu habereye ubwicanyi no gushyiraho ahantu ho kwibukira i Butare no mu gihugu hose.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Rémi Korman |title=Les universitaires et intellectuels rwandais à l’épreuve du génocide des Tutsi : première mémoire, première histoire |journal=Les Cahiers de Framespa |volume=42 |year=2020 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/framespa/13693 |language=fr |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> == Amateka == Guhera mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya 1990, inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda zashyizeho politiki yo kwibuka igamije kumenya ahantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi, gutaburura imva rusange no gushyingura mu cyubahiro, bibanjirijwe na Komisiyo y'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside n'Ubwicanyi, nyuma Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG).<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Rémi Korman |title=La politique de mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : enjeux et évolutions |journal=Droit et cultures |issue=66 |year=2013 |url=http://journals.openedition.org/droitcultures/3162 |language=fr |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Ikigo cya kaminuza cya Butare cyashyizwe muri iyo gahunda nk'ahantu ho kwibukira hafitanye isano n'isi ya kaminuza na Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref name="CNLG">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}</ref> Urwibutso rwa UNR-Butare ni ahantu ho hanze hagizwe n'imva rusange, amabuye y'urwibutso n'inzu ifunguye yerekanirwamo amafoto n'inyandiko byibutsa abazize Jenoside n'uko ubwicanyi bwagenze.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembrance and Recovery in Rwanda: May 26 and 28, 2014 |url=https://worldingus.wordpress.com/2014/07/10/remembrance-and-recovery-in-rwanda-may-26-and-28/ |website=Worlding.us |date=2014-07-10 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Buri mwaka, mu gihe cyo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', hategurwa imihango yo kwibuka yitabirwa n'abanyeshuri, abarimu n'abarokotse; [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] yibutsa muri iyo mihango ko hibukwa abantu amagana bo mu muryango wayo — abarenga 450 nk'uko itangazo ryayo ribivuga.<ref>{{Cite web |author=University of Rwanda |title=Huye Campus memorial site, 29th commemoration of the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://x.com/Uni_Rwanda/status/1649701728118542337 |website=X |date=2023-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Adam Jones |title=Tribute to Couple Killed in 1994 Genocide: Genocide Memorial at National University of Rwanda, Huye (Butare) |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52231 |website=UBC Library Open Collections |date=August 2012|language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> [[Dosiye:UNR-ButareGenocideMemorial25.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cy'urwibutso hafi y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa UNR-Butare rwihariye kuko ruri mu kigo cya kaminuza, bigatuma ruba icyarimwe ahantu ho gushyingura, ho kunamira n'ahantu hifashishwa mu kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Rémi Korman |title=Les mémoriaux du génocide des Tutsi : lieux de transmission de l’histoire |website=Canal-U |year=2014 |url=https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/chcsc/acteurs-modes-d-ecriture-et-de-transmission-de-l-histoire/4-les-memoriaux-du-genocide |language=fr |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Kuba ruri aho Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda yahoze, ubu ikaba iri muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda, byibutsa ko Jenoside yibasiye n'amashuri, kaminuza n'inzego z'ubutegetsi, yica abanyeshuri, abarimu, abakozi n'abari bahungiye hafi y'ikigo. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52230 The Light Will Eventually Overcome the Darkness of Genocide], ifoto ya Adam Jones, UBC Library Open Collections. === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide, ''Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994'', Kigali, CNLG, 2019. * Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda. Mémoriaux et lieux de mémoire », ''Afrique contemporaine'', 2011/2, no 238. * Rémi Korman, « La politique de mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : enjeux et évolutions », ''Droit et cultures'', no 66, 2013. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:UNR Butare, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 750nqlycvq0xyjnqv4v57sgkqao0q0t 140461 140407 2026-09-30T09:13:55Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140461 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa UNR-Butare | image = [[Dosiye:UNR-ButareGenocideMemorial26.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini, ku bwinjiriro bwa Kaminuza (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Ngoma | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa UNR-Butare''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu kigo cya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] i Huye, mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]] y'u [[Rwanda]]. Rwibutsa abanyeshuri, abakozi n'abaturage biciwe i Butare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Ruhande, rwagati mu kigo cya Huye cya [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] (yahoze ari Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda), hafi ya sitade ya Huye, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]]. Ruri mu Murenge wa Ngoma, ahantu habaruwe mu hantu habereye ubwicanyi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref>{{Cite web |title=List of major massacre sites sorted by prefecture and commune |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/LieuxGenocide.html.en |website=France Génocide Tutsi |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Butare ni kimwe mu bigo by'ingenzi bya kaminuza mu Rwanda, ahari Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda mbere y'uko ihurizwa muri [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=1966 – Samenwerking Université Nationale du Ruanda – Rijksuniversiteit Gent |url=https://www.ugentmemorie.be/gebeurtenissen/1966-samenwerking-universite-nationale-du-ruanda |website=UGentMemorie |language=nl |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abanyeshuri n'abakozi benshi ba kaminuza biciwe i Butare. Nyuma ya Jenoside, abashakashatsi n'abarimu ba kaminuza bo mu Rwanda bibumbiye mu nzego nka CERCOSH bagize uruhare mu kubarura ahantu habereye ubwicanyi no gushyiraho ahantu ho kwibukira i Butare no mu gihugu hose.<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Rémi Korman |title=Les universitaires et intellectuels rwandais à l’épreuve du génocide des Tutsi : première mémoire, première histoire |journal=Les Cahiers de Framespa |volume=42 |year=2020 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/framespa/13693 |language=fr |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> == Amateka == Guhera mu gice cya kabiri cy'imyaka ya 1990, inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda zashyizeho politiki yo kwibuka igamije kumenya ahantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi, gutaburura imva rusange no gushyingura mu cyubahiro, bibanjirijwe na Komisiyo y'Urwibutso rwa Jenoside n'Ubwicanyi, nyuma Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG).<ref>{{Cite journal |author=Rémi Korman |title=La politique de mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : enjeux et évolutions |journal=Droit et cultures |issue=66 |year=2013 |url=http://journals.openedition.org/droitcultures/3162 |language=fr |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Ikigo cya kaminuza cya Butare cyashyizwe muri iyo gahunda nk'ahantu ho kwibukira hafitanye isano n'isi ya kaminuza na Perefegitura ya Butare.<ref name="CNLG">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}</ref> Urwibutso rwa UNR-Butare ni ahantu ho hanze hagizwe n'imva rusange, amabuye y'urwibutso n'inzu ifunguye yerekanirwamo amafoto n'inyandiko byibutsa abazize Jenoside n'uko ubwicanyi bwagenze.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Remembrance and Recovery in Rwanda: May 26 and 28, 2014 |url=https://worldingus.wordpress.com/2014/07/10/remembrance-and-recovery-in-rwanda-may-26-and-28/ |website=Worlding.us |date=2014-07-10 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Buri mwaka, mu gihe cyo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', hategurwa imihango yo kwibuka yitabirwa n'abanyeshuri, abarimu n'abarokotse; [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] yibutsa muri iyo mihango ko hibukwa abantu amagana bo mu muryango wayo — abarenga 450 nk'uko itangazo ryayo ribivuga.<ref>{{Cite web |author=University of Rwanda |title=Huye Campus memorial site, 29th commemoration of the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://x.com/Uni_Rwanda/status/1649701728118542337 |website=X |date=2023-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=Adam Jones |title=Tribute to Couple Killed in 1994 Genocide: Genocide Memorial at National University of Rwanda, Huye (Butare) |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52231 |website=UBC Library Open Collections |date=August 2012|language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> [[Dosiye:UNR-ButareGenocideMemorial25.jpg|thumb|Icyapa cy'urwibutso hafi y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa UNR-Butare rwihariye kuko ruri mu kigo cya kaminuza, bigatuma ruba icyarimwe ahantu ho gushyingura, ho kunamira n'ahantu hifashishwa mu kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Rémi Korman |title=Les mémoriaux du génocide des Tutsi : lieux de transmission de l’histoire |website=Canal-U |year=2014 |url=https://www.canal-u.tv/chaines/chcsc/acteurs-modes-d-ecriture-et-de-transmission-de-l-histoire/4-les-memoriaux-du-genocide |language=fr |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Kuba ruri aho Kaminuza Nkuru y'u Rwanda yahoze, ubu ikaba iri muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda, byibutsa ko Jenoside yibasiye n'amashuri, kaminuza n'inzego z'ubutegetsi, yica abanyeshuri, abarimu, abakozi n'abari bahungiye hafi y'ikigo. == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Huye]] * [[Kaminuza y'u Rwanda]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === * [http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52230 The Light Will Eventually Overcome the Darkness of Genocide], ifoto ya Adam Jones, UBC Library Open Collections. === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide, ''Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994'', Kigali, CNLG, 2019. * Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda. Mémoriaux et lieux de mémoire », ''Afrique contemporaine'', 2011/2, no 238. * Rémi Korman, « La politique de mémoire du génocide des Tutsi au Rwanda : enjeux et évolutions », ''Droit et cultures'', no 66, 2013. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:UNR Butare, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] o1yfus9a0b2hoieigfiontqjidy0zdm 0 23161 140408 2026-09-29T13:32:42Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange | image = [[Dosiye:Kayonza-MukarangeGenocideMemorial06.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mukarange | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka..." 140408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange | image = [[Dosiye:Kayonza-MukarangeGenocideMemorial06.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mukarange | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Mukarange, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'Abatutsi ibihumbi byinshi biciwe mu nsengero no mu duce two mu karere ka Kayonza muri Mata 1994. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Mukarange, hafi y'umujyi wa Kayonza, ku muhanda Kigali–Kayonza–Kagitumba, mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zabaruwe ku mugaragaro n'inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda. Imibiri ishyinguye i Kayonza-Mukarange yavanywe mu Murenge wa Mukarange no mu nkengero zawo mu Karere ka Kayonza, aho Abatutsi benshi bari bahungiye mu nsengero zitandukanye no ku nyubako za Leta muri Mata 1994.<ref name="KTPress">E. Kagire, « April 11, 1994: How International Community Failed Rwanda », ''KT Press'', 11 Mata 2020.</ref><ref name="ICD">« The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete », International Crimes Database.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Muri Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi bo mu karere ka Kayonza bahungiye mu nsengero za Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mukarange no mu zindi nsengero zari hafi aho, nyuma y'uko ubwicanyi butangira mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo.<ref name="KTPress" /> Inyandiko z'ubucamanza n'iz'amateka zivuga uruhare rwa burugumesitiri [[Jean-Baptiste Gatete]] mu gukangurira Interahamwe n'abasirikare kugaba ibitero ku mpunzi i Kiziguro n'i Mukarange.<ref name="ICD" /><ref name="ICTR">Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ''The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete, Appeal Judgement'', 9 Ukwakira 2012.</ref> Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu rusengero rw'Abangilikani rwa Midiho, mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu (Umurenge wa Mukarange), bishwe nyuma y'igitero cy'Interahamwe zo muri ako gace; imibiri yabo ntiyose yabonetse.<ref name="KTPress" /> Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mukarange yabereyemo ubwicanyi bukomeye, aho impunzi ibihumbi zishwe n'Interahamwe n'abasirikare bari bagose aho hantu.<ref name="ICD" /><ref name="Igihe2025">« Kayonza: Remains of over 10,000 genocide victims still missing », ''IGIHE'', 8 Mata 2025.</ref> == Amateka == Nyuma y'uko Jenoside ihagarara muri Nyakanga 1994, inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango y'abarokotse, cyane cyane [[Ibuka]] yo muri ako karere, bateguye igikorwa cyo gutaburura buhoro buhoro imva rusange no gushyingura abazize Jenoside ahantu hamwe i Mukarange.<ref name="Umuvugizi">S. Rwembeho, « Over 800 Reburied in Mukarange », ''Umuvugizi'', 13 Mata 2011.</ref> Mu 2011, habaye umuhango wo gushyingura mu cyubahiro abazize Jenoside bagera kuri 850, imibiri yabo ikaba yarabonetse mu mirenge itandukanye ya Kayonza ikimurirwa i Mukarange.<ref name="Umuvugizi" /> Mu myaka ya 2010, ibikorwa nk'ibyo byo gushakisha no kongera gushyingura imibiri y'abazize Jenoside byakozwe i Mukarange no mu yandi makomini y'akarere, bituma umubare w'abashyinguye mu rwibutso ugenda wiyongera.<ref>« Rwanda: Genocide Victims Reburied 20 Years Later », ''The New Times'' / ''allAfrica'', 13 Mata 2014.</ref><ref>« Rwanda: Over 100 Genocide Victims Reburied », ''allAfrica'', 21 Mata 2015.</ref> Inkuru z'itangazamakuru zivuga abazize Jenoside ibihumbi, bamwe bakagereranya ko abashyinguye aha hantu barenga 9&nbsp;000.<ref name="Igihe2025" /><ref>E. Nsabimana, « Equity Bank donates cows to Kayonza genocide survivors », ''The New Times'', 26 Mata 2018.</ref> Guhera mu mpera z'imyaka ya 2010, imishinga yo kwagura no kuvugurura urwibutso yatewe inkunga muri gahunda z'ishoramari rya Leta. Inyandiko z'ingengo y'imari za Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi zivuga ibyiciro bitandukanye byo kubaka « inzu y'amateka » n'ibindi bikorwa ku rwibutso rwa Mukarange.<ref name="MINECOFIN1">Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, ''Budget 2020–2021'', « Mukarange Genocide Memorial site constructed and supervised ».</ref><ref>Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, umushinga w'ingengo y'imari, « Phase III of Mukarange Genocide Memorial site (historical house) ».</ref> Mu 2020, itangazamakuru ryavuze imirimo yo kunoza urwibutso nyamukuru rw'Akarere ka Kayonza, ruri i Mukarange.<ref name="AllAfrica2020">« Rwanda: Kayonza Upgrades Main Genocide Memorial Site », ''allAfrica'', 29 Mutarama 2020.</ref> [[Dosiye:Kayonza-MukarangeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|thumb|Imva ziri inyuma y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Buri mwaka urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Kayonza, yitabirwa n'abarokotse, imiryango itari iya Leta, amashuri n'inzego za Leta.<ref name="NewTimes2017">K. Rwamapera, « We wish you were here to see how we’re grown up – orphans », ''The New Times'', 14 Mata 2017.</ref><ref>« Kwibuka Flame of Remembrance travels to Kayonza District », Polisi y'u Rwanda, 16 Werurwe 2014.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rugizwe n'imva rusange zipfundikishijwe amabuye, ahantu ho kunamira, amabuye y'urwibutso n'inyubako igenewe imurikabikorwa rihoraho ku mateka ya Jenoside mu Karere ka Kayonza.<ref name="AllAfrica2020" /><ref name="MINECOFIN1" /> Urutonde rw'amazina y'abazize Jenoside rugenda rwuzuzwa hifashishijwe ubuhamya bw'abarokotse n'ubushakashatsi bwa Ibuka n'inzego z'ibanze.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> Hategurwa ingendo-shuri z'abanyeshuri n'intumwa z'inzego za Leta, baza kumva ubuhamya bw'abarokotse no gutekereza ku bijyanye no kwibuka, ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu Rwanda.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Jean-Baptiste Gatete]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiziguro]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kayonza-Mukarange Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021. * Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), ''The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete, Judgement and Appeal Judgement'', Arusha, 2011–2012. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kayonza-Mukarange, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] gzzsn4ctwo86gxnr7u0eboqiwgv1lg8 140462 140408 2026-09-30T09:13:58Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140462 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange | image = [[Dosiye:Kayonza-MukarangeGenocideMemorial06.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mukarange | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Mukarange, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'Abatutsi ibihumbi byinshi biciwe mu nsengero no mu duce two mu karere ka Kayonza muri Mata 1994. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Mukarange, hafi y'umujyi wa Kayonza, ku muhanda Kigali–Kayonza–Kagitumba, mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zabaruwe ku mugaragaro n'inzego z'ubuyobozi bw'u Rwanda. Imibiri ishyinguye i Kayonza-Mukarange yavanywe mu Murenge wa Mukarange no mu nkengero zawo mu Karere ka Kayonza, aho Abatutsi benshi bari bahungiye mu nsengero zitandukanye no ku nyubako za Leta muri Mata 1994.<ref name="KTPress">E. Kagire, « April 11, 1994: How International Community Failed Rwanda », ''KT Press'', 11 Mata 2020.</ref><ref name="ICD">« The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete », International Crimes Database.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Muri Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi bo mu karere ka Kayonza bahungiye mu nsengero za Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mukarange no mu zindi nsengero zari hafi aho, nyuma y'uko ubwicanyi butangira mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo.<ref name="KTPress" /> Inyandiko z'ubucamanza n'iz'amateka zivuga uruhare rwa burugumesitiri [[Jean-Baptiste Gatete]] mu gukangurira Interahamwe n'abasirikare kugaba ibitero ku mpunzi i Kiziguro n'i Mukarange.<ref name="ICD" /><ref name="ICTR">Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, ''The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete, Appeal Judgement'', 9 Ukwakira 2012.</ref> Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu rusengero rw'Abangilikani rwa Midiho, mu Kagari ka Nyagatovu (Umurenge wa Mukarange), bishwe nyuma y'igitero cy'Interahamwe zo muri ako gace; imibiri yabo ntiyose yabonetse.<ref name="KTPress" /> Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mukarange yabereyemo ubwicanyi bukomeye, aho impunzi ibihumbi zishwe n'Interahamwe n'abasirikare bari bagose aho hantu.<ref name="ICD" /><ref name="Igihe2025">« Kayonza: Remains of over 10,000 genocide victims still missing », ''IGIHE'', 8 Mata 2025.</ref> == Amateka == Nyuma y'uko Jenoside ihagarara muri Nyakanga 1994, inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango y'abarokotse, cyane cyane [[Ibuka]] yo muri ako karere, bateguye igikorwa cyo gutaburura buhoro buhoro imva rusange no gushyingura abazize Jenoside ahantu hamwe i Mukarange.<ref name="Umuvugizi">S. Rwembeho, « Over 800 Reburied in Mukarange », ''Umuvugizi'', 13 Mata 2011.</ref> Mu 2011, habaye umuhango wo gushyingura mu cyubahiro abazize Jenoside bagera kuri 850, imibiri yabo ikaba yarabonetse mu mirenge itandukanye ya Kayonza ikimurirwa i Mukarange.<ref name="Umuvugizi" /> Mu myaka ya 2010, ibikorwa nk'ibyo byo gushakisha no kongera gushyingura imibiri y'abazize Jenoside byakozwe i Mukarange no mu yandi makomini y'akarere, bituma umubare w'abashyinguye mu rwibutso ugenda wiyongera.<ref>« Rwanda: Genocide Victims Reburied 20 Years Later », ''The New Times'' / ''allAfrica'', 13 Mata 2014.</ref><ref>« Rwanda: Over 100 Genocide Victims Reburied », ''allAfrica'', 21 Mata 2015.</ref> Inkuru z'itangazamakuru zivuga abazize Jenoside ibihumbi, bamwe bakagereranya ko abashyinguye aha hantu barenga 9&nbsp;000.<ref name="Igihe2025" /><ref>E. Nsabimana, « Equity Bank donates cows to Kayonza genocide survivors », ''The New Times'', 26 Mata 2018.</ref> Guhera mu mpera z'imyaka ya 2010, imishinga yo kwagura no kuvugurura urwibutso yatewe inkunga muri gahunda z'ishoramari rya Leta. Inyandiko z'ingengo y'imari za Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi zivuga ibyiciro bitandukanye byo kubaka « inzu y'amateka » n'ibindi bikorwa ku rwibutso rwa Mukarange.<ref name="MINECOFIN1">Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, ''Budget 2020–2021'', « Mukarange Genocide Memorial site constructed and supervised ».</ref><ref>Minisiteri y'Imari n'Igenamigambi, umushinga w'ingengo y'imari, « Phase III of Mukarange Genocide Memorial site (historical house) ».</ref> Mu 2020, itangazamakuru ryavuze imirimo yo kunoza urwibutso nyamukuru rw'Akarere ka Kayonza, ruri i Mukarange.<ref name="AllAfrica2020">« Rwanda: Kayonza Upgrades Main Genocide Memorial Site », ''allAfrica'', 29 Mutarama 2020.</ref> [[Dosiye:Kayonza-MukarangeGenocideMemorial03.jpg|thumb|Imva ziri inyuma y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Buri mwaka urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Kayonza, yitabirwa n'abarokotse, imiryango itari iya Leta, amashuri n'inzego za Leta.<ref name="NewTimes2017">K. Rwamapera, « We wish you were here to see how we’re grown up – orphans », ''The New Times'', 14 Mata 2017.</ref><ref>« Kwibuka Flame of Remembrance travels to Kayonza District », Polisi y'u Rwanda, 16 Werurwe 2014.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rugizwe n'imva rusange zipfundikishijwe amabuye, ahantu ho kunamira, amabuye y'urwibutso n'inyubako igenewe imurikabikorwa rihoraho ku mateka ya Jenoside mu Karere ka Kayonza.<ref name="AllAfrica2020" /><ref name="MINECOFIN1" /> Urutonde rw'amazina y'abazize Jenoside rugenda rwuzuzwa hifashishijwe ubuhamya bw'abarokotse n'ubushakashatsi bwa Ibuka n'inzego z'ibanze.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> Hategurwa ingendo-shuri z'abanyeshuri n'intumwa z'inzego za Leta, baza kumva ubuhamya bw'abarokotse no gutekereza ku bijyanye no kwibuka, ubutabera n'ubwiyunge mu Rwanda.<ref name="NewTimes2017" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Jean-Baptiste Gatete]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kiziguro]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kayonza-Mukarange Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021. * Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (TPIR), ''The Prosecutor v. Jean-Baptiste Gatete, Judgement and Appeal Judgement'', Arusha, 2011–2012. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kayonza-Mukarange, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] galyi10cuo1dx4cu56yvvrsu3lukry6 0 23162 140409 2026-09-29T21:57:22Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama | image = [[Dosiye:NyamiramaGenocideMemorial05.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Nyamirama | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6..." 140409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama | image = [[Dosiye:NyamiramaGenocideMemorial05.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Nyamirama | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]], haherereye i Nyamirama, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:NyamiramaGenocideMemorial09.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana aho urwibutso ruri (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama ruri mu Murenge wa Nyamirama, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Umurenge wa Nyamirama ni umwe mu mirenge igize Akarere ka Kayonza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fifth Rwanda Population and Housing Census, District Profile: Kayonza |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Kayonza.pdf |website=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2022 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Nyamirama ni rumwe mu nzibutso, imva rusange n'ahantu ho kwibukira bifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Inzibutso enye za Jenoside — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial |language=fr}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwahariwe kwibuka Abatutsi biciwe mu gace ka Nyamirama muri Jenoside yo mu 1994. Nk'uko raporo ya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ibivuga, ubwicanyi bwabereye mu Murenge wa Nyamirama no mu duce duturanye twa Ruramira na Nyarusange hagati ya tariki ya 9 na 17 Mata 1994. Iyo raporo ivuga ko Abatutsi ibihumbi bajugunywe mu rugomero ruri hagati ya Nyamirama na Ruramira.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite book |author=National Commission for the Fight against Genocide |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2021 |pages=134–135 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |language=en |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:NyamiramaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Nyamirama (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Nyamirama rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu Murenge wa Nyamirama no ku nkengero z'urugomero ruri hagati ya Nyamirama na Ruramira. Rwibutsa ubugome bwakorewe Abatutsi muri iki gice cy'icyahoze ari Kibungo mu byumweru bya mbere bya Jenoside yo mu 1994.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Jenoside mu Murenge wa Nyamirama yaranzwe n'ubwicanyi bwatangiye kare n'umugambi wo gusibanganya ibimenyetso by'ibyaha. Guhera ku wa 9 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku misozi ya Nyamirama baribasiwe baricwa. Ahantu h'ingenzi hiciwe abantu habonetse mu Kagari ka Kabuye, inyuma y'Urukiko rwa Kanto. Ku bijyanye no guhisha ibimenyetso, byanditswe ko « muri Segiteri Nyamirama, Selire Kabuye, inyuma y'Urukiko rwa Kanto, imibiri yahambwe mu cyobo, maze abantu benshi bishwe baratwikwa kugira ngo hasibangane ibimenyetso byose ».<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ernest |last=Mutwarasibo |chapter=Mobilisation contre les Hutu de l’opposition et le basculement dans le génocide contre les Tutsi au Rwanda |title=Génocides |publisher=Les Presses de l’Université Laval |date=2016-10-13 |pages=51–65 |isbn=978-2-7637-2542-0 |doi=10.1515/9782763725420-006 |language=fr}}</ref> Abakoze Jenoside, bayobowe na konseye Paul Gakwavu n'uwitwa Murego, batwitse imibiri kugira ngo « basibanganye ibimenyetso byose ».<ref name="CNLG2016">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=État de l’idéologie du génocide au Rwanda : 1995-2015 |location=Kigali |year=2016 |language=fr}}</ref> Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakomeje kugaragara muri uwo murenge igihe kirekire nyuma y'ibyo byaha: mu 2014, mu ishuri ryo muri ako gace havuzwe ibikorwa byo gutoteza abarokotse n'amagambo abakomeretsa, bigaragaza ko bamwe mu barimu bagize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza urwo rwango.<ref name="CNLG2016" /> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyamirama Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=National Commission for the Fight against Genocide |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2021 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |language=en}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=État de l’idéologie du génocide au Rwanda : 1995-2015 |location=Kigali |year=2016 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author=Florent Piton |title=Le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda |location=Paris |publisher=La Découverte |year=2018 |isbn=978-2-7071-9068-0 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author=Justine Hitimana |title=Le Génocide commis contre les Tutsi dans la Préfecture de Kibungo de 1990 à 1994 |publisher=CNLG |year=2018 |language=fr}} * Commission pour le Mémorial du Génocide et des Massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d'identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d'avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Gashyantare 1996. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyamirama, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 378qvjhrm8cb0qxsc7bcy3pzd61lld3 140463 140409 2026-09-30T09:14:01Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140463 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama | image = [[Dosiye:NyamiramaGenocideMemorial05.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kayonza|Kayonza]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Nyamirama | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda]], haherereye i Nyamirama, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:NyamiramaGenocideMemorial09.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana aho urwibutso ruri (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamirama ruri mu Murenge wa Nyamirama, mu [[Akarere ka Kayonza]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Umurenge wa Nyamirama ni umwe mu mirenge igize Akarere ka Kayonza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Fifth Rwanda Population and Housing Census, District Profile: Kayonza |url=https://statistics.gov.rw/sites/default/files/2025-05/Kayonza.pdf |website=National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda |year=2022 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Nyamirama ni rumwe mu nzibutso, imva rusange n'ahantu ho kwibukira bifitanye isano na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Inzibutso enye za Jenoside — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial |language=fr}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwahariwe kwibuka Abatutsi biciwe mu gace ka Nyamirama muri Jenoside yo mu 1994. Nk'uko raporo ya Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ibivuga, ubwicanyi bwabereye mu Murenge wa Nyamirama no mu duce duturanye twa Ruramira na Nyarusange hagati ya tariki ya 9 na 17 Mata 1994. Iyo raporo ivuga ko Abatutsi ibihumbi bajugunywe mu rugomero ruri hagati ya Nyamirama na Ruramira.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite book |author=National Commission for the Fight against Genocide |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2021 |pages=134–135 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |language=en |access-date=2026-05-27}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:NyamiramaGenocideMemorial04.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Nyamirama (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso rwa Nyamirama rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu Murenge wa Nyamirama no ku nkengero z'urugomero ruri hagati ya Nyamirama na Ruramira. Rwibutsa ubugome bwakorewe Abatutsi muri iki gice cy'icyahoze ari Kibungo mu byumweru bya mbere bya Jenoside yo mu 1994.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Jenoside mu Murenge wa Nyamirama yaranzwe n'ubwicanyi bwatangiye kare n'umugambi wo gusibanganya ibimenyetso by'ibyaha. Guhera ku wa 9 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku misozi ya Nyamirama baribasiwe baricwa. Ahantu h'ingenzi hiciwe abantu habonetse mu Kagari ka Kabuye, inyuma y'Urukiko rwa Kanto. Ku bijyanye no guhisha ibimenyetso, byanditswe ko « muri Segiteri Nyamirama, Selire Kabuye, inyuma y'Urukiko rwa Kanto, imibiri yahambwe mu cyobo, maze abantu benshi bishwe baratwikwa kugira ngo hasibangane ibimenyetso byose ».<ref>{{Cite book |first=Ernest |last=Mutwarasibo |chapter=Mobilisation contre les Hutu de l’opposition et le basculement dans le génocide contre les Tutsi au Rwanda |title=Génocides |publisher=Les Presses de l’Université Laval |date=2016-10-13 |pages=51–65 |isbn=978-2-7637-2542-0 |doi=10.1515/9782763725420-006 |language=fr}}</ref> Abakoze Jenoside, bayobowe na konseye Paul Gakwavu n'uwitwa Murego, batwitse imibiri kugira ngo « basibanganye ibimenyetso byose ».<ref name="CNLG2016">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=État de l’idéologie du génocide au Rwanda : 1995-2015 |location=Kigali |year=2016 |language=fr}}</ref> Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yakomeje kugaragara muri uwo murenge igihe kirekire nyuma y'ibyo byaha: mu 2014, mu ishuri ryo muri ako gace havuzwe ibikorwa byo gutoteza abarokotse n'amagambo abakomeretsa, bigaragaza ko bamwe mu barimu bagize uruhare mu gukwirakwiza urwo rwango.<ref name="CNLG2016" /> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kayonza]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kayonza-Mukarange]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyamirama Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=National Commission for the Fight against Genocide |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide Perpetrated against Tutsi in Rwanda |location=Kigali |year=2021 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |language=en}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=État de l’idéologie du génocide au Rwanda : 1995-2015 |location=Kigali |year=2016 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author=Florent Piton |title=Le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda |location=Paris |publisher=La Découverte |year=2018 |isbn=978-2-7071-9068-0 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author=Justine Hitimana |title=Le Génocide commis contre les Tutsi dans la Préfecture de Kibungo de 1990 à 1994 |publisher=CNLG |year=2018 |language=fr}} * Commission pour le Mémorial du Génocide et des Massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d'identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d'avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Gashyantare 1996. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyamirama, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kayonza]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] kposfx5e9w73k75kb3141ta6hvoc5ip 0 23163 140410 2026-09-29T22:16:30Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira | image = [[Dosiye:RukiraGenocideMemorial04.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rukira | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda..." 140410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira | image = [[Dosiye:RukiraGenocideMemorial04.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rukira | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Rukira, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:RukiraGenocideMemorial01.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana urwibutso (ku muhanda ugana i Nyarubuye)]] Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Rukira, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Rukira ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Rukira rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Umurenge wa Rukira uri hafi ya Nyarubuye, ahandi hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Nk'uko ubuhamya bwakusanyirijwe ku rwibutso rwa Nyarubuye bubivuga, abaturage b'i Nyarubuye bari bamenye ko ubwicanyi bwari bwatangiye i Rukira mbere y'uko bugera iwabo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-government-of-rwanda/fgEoty3moPu4Ng |website=Google Arts & Culture |publisher=Government of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu 2003, urukiko rwo mu Rwanda rwaburanishirije i Rukira rwakatiye abantu cumi n'umunani kubera ibyaha bya Jenoside byakorewe mu gace ka Nyarubuye na Rukira. Ibihano byatanzwe byari hagati y'imyaka myinshi y'igifungo n'igifungo cya burundu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Court convicts 18 of genocide crimes |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/rwanda-court-convicts-18-genocide-crimes |website=ReliefWeb |date=2003-12-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Rufitanye isano n'urwibutso rw'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu Murenge wa Rukira no mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rukira Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibungo |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rukira, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] qt6czfrdp1vlkknami99ua902jmexxk 140464 140410 2026-09-30T09:14:04Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140464 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira | image = [[Dosiye:RukiraGenocideMemorial04.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rukira | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Rukira, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:RukiraGenocideMemorial01.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana urwibutso (ku muhanda ugana i Nyarubuye)]] Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Rukira, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Rukira ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Rukira rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Umurenge wa Rukira uri hafi ya Nyarubuye, ahandi hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Nk'uko ubuhamya bwakusanyirijwe ku rwibutso rwa Nyarubuye bubivuga, abaturage b'i Nyarubuye bari bamenye ko ubwicanyi bwari bwatangiye i Rukira mbere y'uko bugera iwabo.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nyarubuye Genocide Memorial |url=https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/nyarubuye-genocide-memorial-government-of-rwanda/fgEoty3moPu4Ng |website=Google Arts & Culture |publisher=Government of Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Mu 2003, urukiko rwo mu Rwanda rwaburanishirije i Rukira rwakatiye abantu cumi n'umunani kubera ibyaha bya Jenoside byakorewe mu gace ka Nyarubuye na Rukira. Ibihano byatanzwe byari hagati y'imyaka myinshi y'igifungo n'igifungo cya burundu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Court convicts 18 of genocide crimes |url=https://reliefweb.int/report/rwanda/rwanda-court-convicts-18-genocide-crimes |website=ReliefWeb |date=2003-12-03 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Rufitanye isano n'urwibutso rw'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu Murenge wa Rukira no mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rukira Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibungo |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rukira, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] pmwvnewwvg61mswkj8nuuqzv9ujal7i 0 23164 140411 2026-09-29T22:21:10Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi | image = [[Dosiye:RukumberiGenocideMemorial10.jpg|280px]] | caption = Uruzitiro rw'urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rukumberi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka..." 140411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi | image = [[Dosiye:RukumberiGenocideMemorial10.jpg|280px]] | caption = Uruzitiro rw'urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rukumberi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside irenga 40&nbsp;000, iruhukiye mu mva rusange. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri rwagati mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, mu cyaro cy'[[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ruri mu gace k'imisozi n'ibishanga ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera n'ibibaya bikunze kurengerwa n'amazi, aho imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yagiye iboneka uko imyaka yagiye ihita.<ref name="KTPress2020">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Remains of more than 600 Genocide victims discovered in Ngoma |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/09/rwanda-remains-of-more-than-600-genocide-victims-discovered-in-ngoma/ |website=KT Press |date=2020-09-15 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref><ref name="IGIHE2020">{{Cite web |title=Remains of 44 victims of genocide found on Lake Mugesera shores |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/remains-of-44-victims-of-genocide-found-on-lake-mugesera-shores |website=IGIHE |date=2020-09-04 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Umurenge wa Rukumberi ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'ine igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], hamwe na Gashanda, Jarama, Karembo, Kazo, Kibungo, Mugesera, Murama, Mutenderi, Remera, Rukira, Rurenge, Sake na Zaza. Guhera mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950 no mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1960, imiryango y'Abatutsi yaturutse mu tundi duce tw'igihugu yimuriwe ku gahato ituzwa muri aka gace kari kitaruye, karangwaga n'ibishanga byuzuyemo isazi ya tsetse n'ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'ibitotsi.<ref name="AOS2022">{{Cite web |title=AOS reaches out to genocide survivors |url=https://aos.rw/2022/05/01/aos-reaches-out-to-genocide-survivors/ |website=AOS |date=2022-05-01 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref><ref name="Volcanoes2019">{{Cite web |title=Over 40,000 Genocide Victims to be Reburied in Rukumberi |url=https://www.volcanoesnationalparkrwanda.com/40000-victims-genocide-reburied/ |website=Volcanoes National Park Rwanda |date=2019-03-26 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Iyo politiki yagize uruhare mu guheza Abatutsi bari batujwe i Rukumberi no guhungabanya imibereho yabo igihe kirekire.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Jean Bigagaza |title=Land Scarcity, Distribution and Conflict in Rwanda |url=https://landwise-production.s3.amazonaws.com/2022/03/Bigagaza_Chapter2-Scacrity-and-surfeit_2002-86.pdf |website=International Development Research Centre |year=2002 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Nyuma ya 1994, Leta y'u Rwanda yagiye ishyiraho urusobe rw'inzibutso zigenewe guhuriza hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside no kuba ahantu ho kwigira no kunamira. Urwibutso rwa Rukumberi ruri muri izo nzibutso ziri mu ntara zitandukanye z'u Rwanda. == Amateka == Muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, Abatutsi b'i Rukumberi bibasiwe n'Interahamwe n'amatsinda yitwaje intwaro yashyigikiwe n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze. Ubwicanyi bwageze ku ndunduro ahagana ku wa 16 Mata 1994; itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda rivuga ko hafi ya bose mu Batutsi bo muri ako gace bishwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=April 16, 1994: Genocide massacres peak in Rukumberi |url=https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/all-news/april-16-1994-genocide-massacres-peak-in-rukumberi |website=Africa-Press |date=2025-04-16 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Mu myaka yakurikiye Jenoside, i Rukumberi hashyizwe ahantu ho gushyingura abantu benshi hamwe, hagenewe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yabonekaga mu bishanga no mu mazu yatawe.<ref name="Volcanoes2019" /><ref name="NT2019">{{Cite news |author=Jean d’Amour Mbonyinshuti |title=Ngoma: 40,000 Genocide victims given decent burial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166658/News/ngoma-40000-genocide-victims-given-decent-burial |work=The New Times |date=2019-05-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Guhera mu myaka ya 2010, hakozwe ibikorwa byo gutaburura imibiri mu nkengero, cyane cyane ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera, bituma havumburwa izindi mva rusange, imibiri ikongera gushyingurwa mu rwibutso.<ref name="KTPress2020" /><ref name="IGIHE2020" /> Ku wa 26 Werurwe 2019, inzego z'ubuyobozi zatangaje ko imibiri y'abazize Jenoside irenga 40&nbsp;000 igiye kwimurirwa no gushyingurwa mu rwibutso rushya rw'i Rukumberi, rwubatswe kugira ngo babone aho gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro kurushaho, n'ibikorwaremezo bikwiye imihango yo kwibuka.<ref name="Volcanoes2019" /> Ku wa 20 Gicurasi 2019, umuhango wateguwe ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Ngoma waranze ishyingurwa ry'iyo mibiri mu mva zateguwe ku rwibutso rwa Rukumberi, witabirwa n'abarokotse, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'intumwa zaturutse mu tundi duce tw'u Rwanda.<ref name="NT2019" /> Kuva icyo gihe, ibigo bya Leta n'iby'abikorera bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga no kuvugurura urwibutso. Mu 2022, isosiyete AOS Limited yatanze ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi kandi yifatanya n'abakozi bayo mu mihango yo kwibuka yabereye aho hantu.<ref name="AOS2022" /> Ibikorwa byo gutaburura imibiri bikomeje mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kubona amagufwa ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera cyangwa hafi y'amasambu y'abakoze Jenoside, kugira ngo imibiri yimurirwe mu rwibutso.<ref name="KTPress2020" /><ref name="IGIHE2020" /> [[Dosiye:RukumberiGenocideMemorial37.jpg|thumb|Imva ziri imbere mu rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Rukumberi rugizwe n'imva rusange zubakishijwe amatafari, ikibuga cyo gukoreramo imihango yo kunamira n'amabuye y'urwibutso menshi yibutsa amateka y'Abatutsi bimuriwe muri aka gace nyuma bakicwa mu 1994.<ref name="Volcanoes2019" /><ref name="AOS2022" /> Rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', ingendo-shuri z'abanyeshuri n'ibikorwa by'umuganda bitegurwa n'inzego z'ibanze, imiryango y'abarokotse n'ibigo bitandukanye byo mu Rwanda.<ref name="AOS2022" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Reforestation Brings Hope to Eastern Province |url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00074627.html |website=The New Times / AllAfrica |date=2019-11-12 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Inkuru z'itangazamakuru zigaragaza Rukumberi nk'ahantu habera ibikorwa by'ubwiyunge hagati y'abarokotse n'abakoze ibyaha, binyuze mu nama rusange n'imihango aho abarokotse bababarira abakoze Jenoside bicuza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rukumberi Genocide Survivors and Perpetrators Reconcile |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901290185.html |website=The New Times / AllAfrica |date=2019-01-29 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rukumberi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda », ''Afrique contemporaine'', no 238, 2011. * Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, 1996. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rukumberi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] r8chf4g9fdygn03jt1c8c8fnvfb35et 140465 140411 2026-09-30T09:14:09Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140465 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi | image = [[Dosiye:RukumberiGenocideMemorial10.jpg|280px]] | caption = Uruzitiro rw'urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Rukumberi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside irenga 40&nbsp;000, iruhukiye mu mva rusange. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri rwagati mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, mu cyaro cy'[[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ruri mu gace k'imisozi n'ibishanga ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera n'ibibaya bikunze kurengerwa n'amazi, aho imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yagiye iboneka uko imyaka yagiye ihita.<ref name="KTPress2020">{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Remains of more than 600 Genocide victims discovered in Ngoma |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/09/rwanda-remains-of-more-than-600-genocide-victims-discovered-in-ngoma/ |website=KT Press |date=2020-09-15 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref><ref name="IGIHE2020">{{Cite web |title=Remains of 44 victims of genocide found on Lake Mugesera shores |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/remains-of-44-victims-of-genocide-found-on-lake-mugesera-shores |website=IGIHE |date=2020-09-04 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Umurenge wa Rukumberi ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'ine igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], hamwe na Gashanda, Jarama, Karembo, Kazo, Kibungo, Mugesera, Murama, Mutenderi, Remera, Rukira, Rurenge, Sake na Zaza. Guhera mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950 no mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1960, imiryango y'Abatutsi yaturutse mu tundi duce tw'igihugu yimuriwe ku gahato ituzwa muri aka gace kari kitaruye, karangwaga n'ibishanga byuzuyemo isazi ya tsetse n'ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'ibitotsi.<ref name="AOS2022">{{Cite web |title=AOS reaches out to genocide survivors |url=https://aos.rw/2022/05/01/aos-reaches-out-to-genocide-survivors/ |website=AOS |date=2022-05-01 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref><ref name="Volcanoes2019">{{Cite web |title=Over 40,000 Genocide Victims to be Reburied in Rukumberi |url=https://www.volcanoesnationalparkrwanda.com/40000-victims-genocide-reburied/ |website=Volcanoes National Park Rwanda |date=2019-03-26 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Iyo politiki yagize uruhare mu guheza Abatutsi bari batujwe i Rukumberi no guhungabanya imibereho yabo igihe kirekire.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Jean Bigagaza |title=Land Scarcity, Distribution and Conflict in Rwanda |url=https://landwise-production.s3.amazonaws.com/2022/03/Bigagaza_Chapter2-Scacrity-and-surfeit_2002-86.pdf |website=International Development Research Centre |year=2002 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Nyuma ya 1994, Leta y'u Rwanda yagiye ishyiraho urusobe rw'inzibutso zigenewe guhuriza hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside no kuba ahantu ho kwigira no kunamira. Urwibutso rwa Rukumberi ruri muri izo nzibutso ziri mu ntara zitandukanye z'u Rwanda. == Amateka == Muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, Abatutsi b'i Rukumberi bibasiwe n'Interahamwe n'amatsinda yitwaje intwaro yashyigikiwe n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze. Ubwicanyi bwageze ku ndunduro ahagana ku wa 16 Mata 1994; itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda rivuga ko hafi ya bose mu Batutsi bo muri ako gace bishwe.<ref>{{Cite web |title=April 16, 1994: Genocide massacres peak in Rukumberi |url=https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/all-news/april-16-1994-genocide-massacres-peak-in-rukumberi |website=Africa-Press |date=2025-04-16 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Mu myaka yakurikiye Jenoside, i Rukumberi hashyizwe ahantu ho gushyingura abantu benshi hamwe, hagenewe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yabonekaga mu bishanga no mu mazu yatawe.<ref name="Volcanoes2019" /><ref name="NT2019">{{Cite news |author=Jean d’Amour Mbonyinshuti |title=Ngoma: 40,000 Genocide victims given decent burial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166658/News/ngoma-40000-genocide-victims-given-decent-burial |work=The New Times |date=2019-05-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Guhera mu myaka ya 2010, hakozwe ibikorwa byo gutaburura imibiri mu nkengero, cyane cyane ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera, bituma havumburwa izindi mva rusange, imibiri ikongera gushyingurwa mu rwibutso.<ref name="KTPress2020" /><ref name="IGIHE2020" /> Ku wa 26 Werurwe 2019, inzego z'ubuyobozi zatangaje ko imibiri y'abazize Jenoside irenga 40&nbsp;000 igiye kwimurirwa no gushyingurwa mu rwibutso rushya rw'i Rukumberi, rwubatswe kugira ngo babone aho gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro kurushaho, n'ibikorwaremezo bikwiye imihango yo kwibuka.<ref name="Volcanoes2019" /> Ku wa 20 Gicurasi 2019, umuhango wateguwe ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Ngoma waranze ishyingurwa ry'iyo mibiri mu mva zateguwe ku rwibutso rwa Rukumberi, witabirwa n'abarokotse, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'intumwa zaturutse mu tundi duce tw'u Rwanda.<ref name="NT2019" /> Kuva icyo gihe, ibigo bya Leta n'iby'abikorera bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga no kuvugurura urwibutso. Mu 2022, isosiyete AOS Limited yatanze ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi kandi yifatanya n'abakozi bayo mu mihango yo kwibuka yabereye aho hantu.<ref name="AOS2022" /> Ibikorwa byo gutaburura imibiri bikomeje mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kubona amagufwa ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera cyangwa hafi y'amasambu y'abakoze Jenoside, kugira ngo imibiri yimurirwe mu rwibutso.<ref name="KTPress2020" /><ref name="IGIHE2020" /> [[Dosiye:RukumberiGenocideMemorial37.jpg|thumb|Imva ziri imbere mu rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Rukumberi rugizwe n'imva rusange zubakishijwe amatafari, ikibuga cyo gukoreramo imihango yo kunamira n'amabuye y'urwibutso menshi yibutsa amateka y'Abatutsi bimuriwe muri aka gace nyuma bakicwa mu 1994.<ref name="Volcanoes2019" /><ref name="AOS2022" /> Rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', ingendo-shuri z'abanyeshuri n'ibikorwa by'umuganda bitegurwa n'inzego z'ibanze, imiryango y'abarokotse n'ibigo bitandukanye byo mu Rwanda.<ref name="AOS2022" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Reforestation Brings Hope to Eastern Province |url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00074627.html |website=The New Times / AllAfrica |date=2019-11-12 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Inkuru z'itangazamakuru zigaragaza Rukumberi nk'ahantu habera ibikorwa by'ubwiyunge hagati y'abarokotse n'abakoze ibyaha, binyuze mu nama rusange n'imihango aho abarokotse bababarira abakoze Jenoside bicuza.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rukumberi Genocide Survivors and Perpetrators Reconcile |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901290185.html |website=The New Times / AllAfrica |date=2019-01-29 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Rukumberi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda », ''Afrique contemporaine'', no 238, 2011. * Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, 1996. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Rukumberi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 9d1jeiaadqi34puuwax30zrck2enhk3 0 23165 140413 2026-09-29T23:24:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza | image = [[Dosiye:ZazaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Inkengero z'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Zaza | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry..." 140413 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza | image = [[Dosiye:ZazaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Inkengero z'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Zaza | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye i Zaza, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 irenga 12&nbsp;000, yavanywe cyane cyane mu mirenge ya Mugesera, Gashanda, Karembo na Zaza.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |website=France Génocide Tutsi / CNLG |year=2021 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Zaza, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu Karere ka Ngoma, hamwe n'iza [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma|Kibungo-Ngoma]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira|Rukira]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi|Rukumberi]].<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Zaza iri mu gice cy'icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo cyazahajwe cyane na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.<ref name="Humanite">{{Cite web |title=Massacre avec préméditation dans l'église de Zaza |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/MassacreEgliseZazaHumanite6juin1994.pdf |website=France Génocide Tutsi |date=1994-06-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> Hagati ya tariki ya 10 na 11 Mata 1994, kiliziya ya Zaza yabaye hamwe mu hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi muri ako karere, aho Abatutsi barenga 1&nbsp;000 bishwe nk'uko inkomoko zo muri icyo gihe n'izanditswe nyuma zibivuga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documents ordered by date: 1994 06 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/date199406.html.en |website=France Génocide Tutsi |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref><ref name="Humanite" /> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:ZazaGenocideMemorial09.jpg|left|thumb|Urutonde rw'amazina y'abazize Jenoside ku cyapa cy'urwibutso, hafi y'aho ubwicanyi bwabereye (Kanama 2025)]] === Ubwicanyi === Jenoside igitangira, Abatutsi bo muri ako gace bahungiye ahantu bizeraga ko bazarindirwa, cyane cyane muri kiliziya ya Zaza.<ref name="Humanite" /> Ubwicanyi bwahabereye bwari mu mugambi mugari wo gutsemba Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo, bwagizwemo uruhare n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze, Interahamwe n'abandi bicanyi bitwaje intwaro.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Ishyirwaho ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya 1994, Zaza yabaye ahantu ho gushyingura no kwibukira abazize Jenoside bataburuwe mu mirenge myinshi iturutse hafi aho.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Imihango yo kwibuka ihakorerwa nibura kuva mu myaka ya 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Mass Grave 'Turns' Grazing Field |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200604170114.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> === Ivugururwa ry'urwibutso === Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 2010, imirimo yo kurangiza no kuvugurura urwibutso rwa Zaza yashyizwe mu nyandiko z'ingengo y'imari no muri raporo z'ibikorwa by'Akarere ka Ngoma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Action Plan of CDF 2018-2019 |url=https://www.loda.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/LODA/Publications/Reports/LODA-ANNUAL_ACTIVITY_REPORT_2018-2019.pdf |website=LODA |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annex II-3: 2018-2019 Development Projects by District – Ngoma District |url=https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&f=14281&t=f&token=3370836d528ec85465a2f3abe91704c5a6e60dca |website=MINECOFIN |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Zaza ni ahantu ho kunamira, gushyingura mu cyubahiro no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngoma: Residents Urged to Teach Youth the Truth About the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi |url=https://trescapress.com/ngoma-residents-urged-to-teach-youth-the-truth-about-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi/ |website=Tresca Press |date=2026-04-14 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> Rwakira ibikorwa byo kwibuka, gusukura no kwigisha uburere mboneragihugu, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' buri mwaka no mu bikorwa rusange bikorwa ku bufatanye n'inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango y'abarokotse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth volunteers in community policing facelift Genocide memorial sites |url=https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/youth-volunteers-in-community-policing-facelift-genocide-memorial-sites/ |website=Rwanda National Police |date=2018-03-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Zaza Genocide Memorial}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zaza, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] k8o6qtp2zwij4b07xylcrgny91tshcy 140466 140413 2026-09-30T09:14:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140466 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza | image = [[Dosiye:ZazaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Inkengero z'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Zaza | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye i Zaza, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 irenga 12&nbsp;000, yavanywe cyane cyane mu mirenge ya Mugesera, Gashanda, Karembo na Zaza.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |website=France Génocide Tutsi / CNLG |year=2021 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Zaza, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu Ntara y'Iburasirazuba. Ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu Karere ka Ngoma, hamwe n'iza [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma|Kibungo-Ngoma]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira|Rukira]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi|Rukumberi]].<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Zaza iri mu gice cy'icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo cyazahajwe cyane na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.<ref name="Humanite">{{Cite web |title=Massacre avec préméditation dans l'église de Zaza |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/MassacreEgliseZazaHumanite6juin1994.pdf |website=France Génocide Tutsi |date=1994-06-06 |language=fr |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> Hagati ya tariki ya 10 na 11 Mata 1994, kiliziya ya Zaza yabaye hamwe mu hantu h'ingenzi habereye ubwicanyi muri ako karere, aho Abatutsi barenga 1&nbsp;000 bishwe nk'uko inkomoko zo muri icyo gihe n'izanditswe nyuma zibivuga.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Documents ordered by date: 1994 06 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/date199406.html.en |website=France Génocide Tutsi |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref><ref name="Humanite" /> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:ZazaGenocideMemorial09.jpg|left|thumb|Urutonde rw'amazina y'abazize Jenoside ku cyapa cy'urwibutso, hafi y'aho ubwicanyi bwabereye (Kanama 2025)]] === Ubwicanyi === Jenoside igitangira, Abatutsi bo muri ako gace bahungiye ahantu bizeraga ko bazarindirwa, cyane cyane muri kiliziya ya Zaza.<ref name="Humanite" /> Ubwicanyi bwahabereye bwari mu mugambi mugari wo gutsemba Abatutsi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibungo, bwagizwemo uruhare n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze, Interahamwe n'abandi bicanyi bitwaje intwaro.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Ishyirwaho ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya 1994, Zaza yabaye ahantu ho gushyingura no kwibukira abazize Jenoside bataburuwe mu mirenge myinshi iturutse hafi aho.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Imihango yo kwibuka ihakorerwa nibura kuva mu myaka ya 2000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Mass Grave 'Turns' Grazing Field |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200604170114.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> === Ivugururwa ry'urwibutso === Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 2010, imirimo yo kurangiza no kuvugurura urwibutso rwa Zaza yashyizwe mu nyandiko z'ingengo y'imari no muri raporo z'ibikorwa by'Akarere ka Ngoma.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Annual Action Plan of CDF 2018-2019 |url=https://www.loda.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/LODA/Publications/Reports/LODA-ANNUAL_ACTIVITY_REPORT_2018-2019.pdf |website=LODA |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Annex II-3: 2018-2019 Development Projects by District – Ngoma District |url=https://www.minecofin.gov.rw/index.php?eID=dumpFile&f=14281&t=f&token=3370836d528ec85465a2f3abe91704c5a6e60dca |website=MINECOFIN |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> {{clear}} == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Zaza ni ahantu ho kunamira, gushyingura mu cyubahiro no kwigisha amateka ya Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ngoma: Residents Urged to Teach Youth the Truth About the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi |url=https://trescapress.com/ngoma-residents-urged-to-teach-youth-the-truth-about-the-1994-genocide-against-the-tutsi/ |website=Tresca Press |date=2026-04-14 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> Rwakira ibikorwa byo kwibuka, gusukura no kwigisha uburere mboneragihugu, cyane cyane mu gihe cyo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' buri mwaka no mu bikorwa rusange bikorwa ku bufatanye n'inzego z'ibanze n'imiryango y'abarokotse.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Youth volunteers in community policing facelift Genocide memorial sites |url=https://police.gov.rw/media/news-detail/news/youth-volunteers-in-community-policing-facelift-genocide-memorial-sites/ |website=Rwanda National Police |date=2018-03-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-04-15}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Ngoma]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibungo-Ngoma]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Zaza Genocide Memorial}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Zaza, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] l5murn89cl7m7p36awtc43m5igfz1du 0 23166 140414 2026-09-30T07:38:53Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba | image = [[Dosiye:NyamishabaGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mubuga | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = Itsembab..." 140414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba | image = [[Dosiye:NyamishabaGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mubuga | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Mubuga, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Mubuga, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruri ku nkombe z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu gace k'icyahoze ari Ishuri ry'Ubuhinzi n'Amashyamba rya Nyamishaba, rikunze kwitwa EAFO Nyamishaba.<ref name="IPRC2023">{{Cite web |title=IPRC Karongi commemorates victims of the Genocide against the Tutsi in former ETO Kibuye and EAFO Nyamishaba schools |url=https://www.iprckarongi.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/iprc-karongi-commemorates-victims-of-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-former-eto-kibuye-and-eafo-nyamishaba-schools |website=IPRC Karongi |date=2023-04-25 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Icyahoze ari ishuri rya EAFO Nyamishaba kivugwa mu hantu hiciwe Abatutsi, barimo abakozi, abanyeshuri n'abaturage bari bahahungiye. Bamwe mu bishwe bajugunywe mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref name="IPRC2023" /> Mu Karere ka Karongi hategurwa imihango yo kwibuka abiciwe mu cyahoze ari ETO Kibuye no muri EAFO Nyamishaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KWIBUKA28: IPRC Karongi commemorates staff and students of former ETO Kibuye and EAFO Nyamishaba |url=https://www.iprckarongi.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/kwibuka28-iprc-karongi-commemorates-staff-and-students-of-former-eto-kibuye-and-eafo-nyamishaba |website=IPRC Karongi |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Ubwicanyi bwa Nyamishaba buvugwa kandi mu manza zijyanye na Jenoside. Mu 2026, mu rubanza rw'ubujurire rwa [[Claude Muhayimana]] mu Bufaransa, abatangabuhamya bavuze ku bwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamishaba ku wa 15 Mata 1994, ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Procès en appel de Claude Muhayimana à la Cour d’assises de Paris – Jour 7 |url=https://www.ibuka-france.org/proces-en-appel-de-claude-muhayimana-a-la-cour-dassises-de-paris-jour-7/ |website=Ibuka France |date=2026-02-16 |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Itangazamakuru ryavuze kandi ko Claude Muhayimana yakatiwe mu bujurire igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'ine kubera ubufatanyacyaha muri Jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, mu rubanza rujyanye no gutwara Interahamwe azijyana ahantu hatandukanye habereye ubwicanyi mu gace ka Kibuye.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwanda : Claude Muhayimana condamné en appel à quatorze ans de prison pour complicité de génocide |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/02/28/rwanda-claude-muhayimana-condamne-en-appel-a-quatorze-ans-de-prison-pour-complicite-de-genocide_6647856_3212.html |work=Le Monde |date=2026-02-28 |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:NyamishabaGenocideMemorial05.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba]] Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe hafi y'icyahoze ari Ishuri ry'Ubuhinzi n'Amashyamba EAFO Nyamishaba, ubu riri muri IPRC Karongi. Nk'uko IPRC Karongi ibivuga, abakozi, abanyeshuri b'icyahoze ari EAFO Nyamishaba n'Abatutsi bari bahahungiye bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994; benshi mu bishwe nyuma bajugunywe mu kiyaga cya Kivu.<ref name="IPRC2023" /> Ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu mihango yo kwibuka bwerekana ko ibitero byatangiye i Nyamishaba ku wa 15 Mata 1994. Abari bahungiye mu nyubako za EAFO bakuwe aho bari bihishe, bajyanwa ku kiyaga baricwa; bamwe bakurikiranywe n'ubwato igihe bageragezaga kurokoka boga.<ref name="KT2023">{{Cite web |author=Ephrem Murindabigwi |title=Karongi: Barifuza ko abakoze Jenoside i Nyamishaba bashakishwa |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/karongi-barifuza-ko-abakoze-jenoside-i-nyamishaba-bashakishwa |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-04-28 |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref><ref name="IPRC2023" /> Abarokotse bashinja kandi bamwe mu banyeshuri n'abakozi b'icyo kigo kuba baragize uruhare mu kwerekana abari bihishe no kubajyana aho biciwe.<ref name="KT2023" /> Aha hantu hafite umwihariko wo gushyingura kubera ikiyaga cya Kivu. IPRC Karongi ivuga ko mu rwibutso rwa Nyamishaba haruhukiye Abatutsi barenga 3&nbsp;000, mu gihe umubare w'abajugunywe mu kiyaga utazwi.<ref name="IPRC2023" /> Muri Kanama 2024, imibiri 18 y'abazize Jenoside yabonetse ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu, hafi y'icyahoze ari EAFO Nyamishaba; yajyanywe mu [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye|rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gatwaro]] kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Elias Hakizimana |title=18 Bodies of Genocide Victims Found on the Shores of Lake Kivu in Karongi district |url=https://rwandainspirer.com/18-bodies-of-genocide-victims-found-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu-in-karongi-district/ |website=Rwanda Inspirer |date=2024-08-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Urwibutso rwatoranyijwe mu nzibutso zizagumaho muri gahunda yo guhuriza hamwe inzibutso zo mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]]. Mu 2026, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ko Nyamishaba igomba kugumaho kubera agaciro kayo muri ako gace n'umubare w'imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yabonetse mu kiyaga cya Kivu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karongi to retain nine Genocide memorials after consolidation plan |url=https://en.igihe.com/history/article/karongi-to-retain-nine-genocide-memorials-after-consolidation-plan |website=IGIHE |date=2026-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Ibyo bijyanye na politiki y'igihugu yo kubungabunga ahantu ho kwibukira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, iteganywa n'amategeko y'u Rwanda agenga imihango yo kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Karongi]] * [[Claude Muhayimana]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyamishaba Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyamishaba, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ibarbrbltxyfsvqiz4kavgs93wgmwyr 140467 140414 2026-09-30T09:14:15Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140467 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba | image = [[Dosiye:NyamishabaGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Mubuga | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Mubuga, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Rwanda]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Mubuga, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruri ku nkombe z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu gace k'icyahoze ari Ishuri ry'Ubuhinzi n'Amashyamba rya Nyamishaba, rikunze kwitwa EAFO Nyamishaba.<ref name="IPRC2023">{{Cite web |title=IPRC Karongi commemorates victims of the Genocide against the Tutsi in former ETO Kibuye and EAFO Nyamishaba schools |url=https://www.iprckarongi.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/iprc-karongi-commemorates-victims-of-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-former-eto-kibuye-and-eafo-nyamishaba-schools |website=IPRC Karongi |date=2023-04-25 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Amateka == [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Icyahoze ari ishuri rya EAFO Nyamishaba kivugwa mu hantu hiciwe Abatutsi, barimo abakozi, abanyeshuri n'abaturage bari bahahungiye. Bamwe mu bishwe bajugunywe mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref name="IPRC2023" /> Mu Karere ka Karongi hategurwa imihango yo kwibuka abiciwe mu cyahoze ari ETO Kibuye no muri EAFO Nyamishaba.<ref>{{Cite web |title=KWIBUKA28: IPRC Karongi commemorates staff and students of former ETO Kibuye and EAFO Nyamishaba |url=https://www.iprckarongi.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/kwibuka28-iprc-karongi-commemorates-staff-and-students-of-former-eto-kibuye-and-eafo-nyamishaba |website=IPRC Karongi |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Ubwicanyi bwa Nyamishaba buvugwa kandi mu manza zijyanye na Jenoside. Mu 2026, mu rubanza rw'ubujurire rwa [[Claude Muhayimana]] mu Bufaransa, abatangabuhamya bavuze ku bwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamishaba ku wa 15 Mata 1994, ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Procès en appel de Claude Muhayimana à la Cour d’assises de Paris – Jour 7 |url=https://www.ibuka-france.org/proces-en-appel-de-claude-muhayimana-a-la-cour-dassises-de-paris-jour-7/ |website=Ibuka France |date=2026-02-16 |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Itangazamakuru ryavuze kandi ko Claude Muhayimana yakatiwe mu bujurire igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'ine kubera ubufatanyacyaha muri Jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, mu rubanza rujyanye no gutwara Interahamwe azijyana ahantu hatandukanye habereye ubwicanyi mu gace ka Kibuye.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Rwanda : Claude Muhayimana condamné en appel à quatorze ans de prison pour complicité de génocide |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/02/28/rwanda-claude-muhayimana-condamne-en-appel-a-quatorze-ans-de-prison-pour-complicite-de-genocide_6647856_3212.html |work=Le Monde |date=2026-02-28 |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == [[Dosiye:NyamishabaGenocideMemorial05.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba]] Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe hafi y'icyahoze ari Ishuri ry'Ubuhinzi n'Amashyamba EAFO Nyamishaba, ubu riri muri IPRC Karongi. Nk'uko IPRC Karongi ibivuga, abakozi, abanyeshuri b'icyahoze ari EAFO Nyamishaba n'Abatutsi bari bahahungiye bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994; benshi mu bishwe nyuma bajugunywe mu kiyaga cya Kivu.<ref name="IPRC2023" /> Ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu mihango yo kwibuka bwerekana ko ibitero byatangiye i Nyamishaba ku wa 15 Mata 1994. Abari bahungiye mu nyubako za EAFO bakuwe aho bari bihishe, bajyanwa ku kiyaga baricwa; bamwe bakurikiranywe n'ubwato igihe bageragezaga kurokoka boga.<ref name="KT2023">{{Cite web |author=Ephrem Murindabigwi |title=Karongi: Barifuza ko abakoze Jenoside i Nyamishaba bashakishwa |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/karongi-barifuza-ko-abakoze-jenoside-i-nyamishaba-bashakishwa |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-04-28 |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref><ref name="IPRC2023" /> Abarokotse bashinja kandi bamwe mu banyeshuri n'abakozi b'icyo kigo kuba baragize uruhare mu kwerekana abari bihishe no kubajyana aho biciwe.<ref name="KT2023" /> Aha hantu hafite umwihariko wo gushyingura kubera ikiyaga cya Kivu. IPRC Karongi ivuga ko mu rwibutso rwa Nyamishaba haruhukiye Abatutsi barenga 3&nbsp;000, mu gihe umubare w'abajugunywe mu kiyaga utazwi.<ref name="IPRC2023" /> Muri Kanama 2024, imibiri 18 y'abazize Jenoside yabonetse ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu, hafi y'icyahoze ari EAFO Nyamishaba; yajyanywe mu [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye|rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gatwaro]] kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Elias Hakizimana |title=18 Bodies of Genocide Victims Found on the Shores of Lake Kivu in Karongi district |url=https://rwandainspirer.com/18-bodies-of-genocide-victims-found-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu-in-karongi-district/ |website=Rwanda Inspirer |date=2024-08-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12}}</ref> Urwibutso rwatoranyijwe mu nzibutso zizagumaho muri gahunda yo guhuriza hamwe inzibutso zo mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]]. Mu 2026, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ko Nyamishaba igomba kugumaho kubera agaciro kayo muri ako gace n'umubare w'imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yabonetse mu kiyaga cya Kivu.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Karongi to retain nine Genocide memorials after consolidation plan |url=https://en.igihe.com/history/article/karongi-to-retain-nine-genocide-memorials-after-consolidation-plan |website=IGIHE |date=2026-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> Ibyo bijyanye na politiki y'igihugu yo kubungabunga ahantu ho kwibukira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, iteganywa n'amategeko y'u Rwanda agenga imihango yo kwibuka.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}</ref> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Karongi]] * [[Claude Muhayimana]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyamishaba Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}} * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyamishaba, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] gr1v12y0pfhkhy85t527eahqnnck1s4 0 23167 140415 2026-09-30T08:16:49Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi | image = [[Dosiye:NyarushishiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Paruwasi iri imbere y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] | label4 = Aho ruherereye | data4 = Nyarushishi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka |..." 140415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi | image = [[Dosiye:NyarushishiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Paruwasi iri imbere y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] | label4 = Aho ruherereye | data4 = Nyarushishi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye ku misozi ya Nyarushishi, hafi ya Cyangugu, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside ibihumbi yataburuwe mu mirenge itandukanye y'akarere, ishyingurwa mu rwibutso no mu mva rusange. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:NyarushishiGenocideMemorial13.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso, kirebewe ku muhanda munini wa Kivu Belt (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku misozi ya Nyarushishi, hafi y'umujyi wa Cyangugu n'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Aha hantu hari mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba.<ref>« Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial », igice « Rusizi District », Nyungwe Forest – Discover Nyungwe & Lake Kivu.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Nyarushishi ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso zashyizweho mu Rwanda nyuma ya 1994, rwahuzwaga na Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG, ubu ni MINUBUMWE).<ref>Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d'identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d'avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Gashyantare 1996.</ref> Zimwe muri izo nzibutso zashyizwe ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO, nka [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]]. == Amateka == === Inkambi y'impunzi yo mu 1994 === Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abayobozi n'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wa Croix-Rouge bakusanyirije i Nyarushishi Abatutsi ibihumbi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, bavanywe ahantu nka sitade Kamarampaka.<ref>« Rwanda: June 23 1994 – the Day French Troops Entered Cyangugu », AllAfrica / ''The New Times'', 23 Kamena 2016.</ref><ref name="KTP2018">« The Boy from Nyarushishi Refugee Camp is Alive », ''KT Press'', 30 Nyakanga 2018.</ref> Ibigereranyo bivuga ko abantu bari hagati ya 8&nbsp;000 na hafi 12&nbsp;000 bakusanyirijwe muri iyo nkambi hagati ya Mata na Nzeri 1994.<ref name="KTP2018" /> Inkambi yabaye imwe mu ntego z'ingenzi z'Opération Turquoise, igikorwa cya gisirikare cy'Ubufaransa cyemejwe n'icyemezo nimero 929 cy'Akanama k'Umutekano k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye. Imitwe ya Légion étrangère yafashe inkambi mu mpera za Kamena 1994 kugira ngo irinde impunzi, nyuma y'aho imva rusange zivumbuwe mu gace ka Nyarushishi.<ref>« French Troops Guard Tutsi Refugee Camp in Rwanda », ''Los Angeles Times'', 25 Kamena 1994.</ref> Itangazamakuru n'ubushakashatsi bumwe bigaragaza ko kuba ingabo z'Ubufaransa zari muri iyo nkambi bitavugwaho rumwe, bijyanye n'impaka ku ruhare rwa Opération Turquoise n'ibirego by'ihohoterwa, harimo no gufata ku ngufu, bamwe mu basirikare bakoreye abagore b'impunzi.<ref name="GLE">« Was Operation Turquoise a humanitarian act? », ''The Great Lakes Eye'', 23 Mata 2025.</ref> === Ishyirwaho ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya Jenoside, ahantu ha Nyarushishi hatoranyijwe kugira ngo hashyirwe urwibutso n'imva rusange zigenewe abazize Jenoside bo mu Karere ka Rusizi. Imihango yo gushyingura abantu benshi icyarimwe yatangiye kuhabera guhera mu myaka ya 2000, imibiri yabonetse mu makomini atandukanye igenda yimurirwayo.<ref>« RUSIZI: 33 Remains of Genocide Victims Laid to Rest », Sights of Rwanda, 6 Nyakanga 2012.</ref> Mu 2014, Akarere ka Rusizi kongeye gutangiza imirimo yo kubaka urwibutso runini, gatangaza ingengo y'imari igera kuri miliyoni 50 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda yo kubaka « inzu ndangamurage-rwibutso » igezweho no kuvugurura igishushanyo cya mbere cy'aho hantu.<ref name="RGS">{{Cite web |title=Nyarushishi Genocide memorial |url=https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/tag/nyarushishi-genocide-memorial |website=Rwanda Gorilla Safaris |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2018, mu muhango wo gushyingura wabereye i Nyarushishi, abazize Jenoside barenga 3&nbsp;500 bataburuwe mu mva zari zitatanye muri ako gace bashyinguwe mu cyubahiro.<ref>« Remains of 3516 genocide victims were accorded decent burial in Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial Centre », ''IGIHE'', 25 Kamena 2018.</ref> === Kwibuka n'imikoreshereze y'ubu === Urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' mu Karere ka Rusizi, irimo amajoro yo kwibuka, gushyira indabo ku mva n'ubuhamya bw'abarokotse.<ref name="RGS" /><ref name="KTP2018" /> Aha hantu hakoreshwa kandi nk'ahantu ho kwigira ku mashuri yo muri ako gace no ku bashyitsi baturutse mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, mu ngendo zo kwibuka zitegurwa ku bufatanye n'imiryango y'abarokotse n'inzego z'ibanze.<ref>« Rusizi District | Discover Nyungwe & Lake Kivu », Nyungwe Forest Rwanda Tours.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Nyarushishi rufitanye isano ya hafi n'amateka y'inkambi y'impunzi yo mu 1994, yabaye ku isonga mu mpaka ku bikorwa by'Ubufaransa n'umuryango mpuzamahanga muri Jenoside.<ref>« Rwanda marks 30 years since France's contested mission to stem 1994 genocide », ''RFI'', 22 Kamena 2024.</ref> Imihango ibera aha hantu ihuza kwibuka abahashyinguye no gutekereza kuri icyo gice cya Opération Turquoise.<ref name="GLE" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Uruhare rw'Ubufaransa muri jenoside y'Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Hélène Dumas, ''Le génocide au village. Le massacre des Tutsi au Rwanda'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. * Florent Piton, ''Le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda'', Paris, La Découverte, 2018. * Dady de Maximo Mwicira-Mitali, ''Rwanda, un deuil impossible. Effacement et traces'', Paris, Karthala, 2019. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyarushishi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 2ebljaylv07r9938lqxyf7r40sycj4h 140416 140415 2026-09-30T08:18:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Ingingo zijyanye */ 140416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi | image = [[Dosiye:NyarushishiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Paruwasi iri imbere y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] | label4 = Aho ruherereye | data4 = Nyarushishi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye ku misozi ya Nyarushishi, hafi ya Cyangugu, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside ibihumbi yataburuwe mu mirenge itandukanye y'akarere, ishyingurwa mu rwibutso no mu mva rusange. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:NyarushishiGenocideMemorial13.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso, kirebewe ku muhanda munini wa Kivu Belt (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku misozi ya Nyarushishi, hafi y'umujyi wa Cyangugu n'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Aha hantu hari mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba.<ref>« Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial », igice « Rusizi District », Nyungwe Forest – Discover Nyungwe & Lake Kivu.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Nyarushishi ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso zashyizweho mu Rwanda nyuma ya 1994, rwahuzwaga na Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG, ubu ni MINUBUMWE).<ref>Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d'identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d'avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Gashyantare 1996.</ref> Zimwe muri izo nzibutso zashyizwe ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO, nka [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]]. == Amateka == === Inkambi y'impunzi yo mu 1994 === Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abayobozi n'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wa Croix-Rouge bakusanyirije i Nyarushishi Abatutsi ibihumbi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, bavanywe ahantu nka sitade Kamarampaka.<ref>« Rwanda: June 23 1994 – the Day French Troops Entered Cyangugu », AllAfrica / ''The New Times'', 23 Kamena 2016.</ref><ref name="KTP2018">« The Boy from Nyarushishi Refugee Camp is Alive », ''KT Press'', 30 Nyakanga 2018.</ref> Ibigereranyo bivuga ko abantu bari hagati ya 8&nbsp;000 na hafi 12&nbsp;000 bakusanyirijwe muri iyo nkambi hagati ya Mata na Nzeri 1994.<ref name="KTP2018" /> Inkambi yabaye imwe mu ntego z'ingenzi z'Opération Turquoise, igikorwa cya gisirikare cy'Ubufaransa cyemejwe n'icyemezo nimero 929 cy'Akanama k'Umutekano k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye. Imitwe ya Légion étrangère yafashe inkambi mu mpera za Kamena 1994 kugira ngo irinde impunzi, nyuma y'aho imva rusange zivumbuwe mu gace ka Nyarushishi.<ref>« French Troops Guard Tutsi Refugee Camp in Rwanda », ''Los Angeles Times'', 25 Kamena 1994.</ref> Itangazamakuru n'ubushakashatsi bumwe bigaragaza ko kuba ingabo z'Ubufaransa zari muri iyo nkambi bitavugwaho rumwe, bijyanye n'impaka ku ruhare rwa Opération Turquoise n'ibirego by'ihohoterwa, harimo no gufata ku ngufu, bamwe mu basirikare bakoreye abagore b'impunzi.<ref name="GLE">« Was Operation Turquoise a humanitarian act? », ''The Great Lakes Eye'', 23 Mata 2025.</ref> === Ishyirwaho ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya Jenoside, ahantu ha Nyarushishi hatoranyijwe kugira ngo hashyirwe urwibutso n'imva rusange zigenewe abazize Jenoside bo mu Karere ka Rusizi. Imihango yo gushyingura abantu benshi icyarimwe yatangiye kuhabera guhera mu myaka ya 2000, imibiri yabonetse mu makomini atandukanye igenda yimurirwayo.<ref>« RUSIZI: 33 Remains of Genocide Victims Laid to Rest », Sights of Rwanda, 6 Nyakanga 2012.</ref> Mu 2014, Akarere ka Rusizi kongeye gutangiza imirimo yo kubaka urwibutso runini, gatangaza ingengo y'imari igera kuri miliyoni 50 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda yo kubaka « inzu ndangamurage-rwibutso » igezweho no kuvugurura igishushanyo cya mbere cy'aho hantu.<ref name="RGS">{{Cite web |title=Nyarushishi Genocide memorial |url=https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/tag/nyarushishi-genocide-memorial |website=Rwanda Gorilla Safaris |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2018, mu muhango wo gushyingura wabereye i Nyarushishi, abazize Jenoside barenga 3&nbsp;500 bataburuwe mu mva zari zitatanye muri ako gace bashyinguwe mu cyubahiro.<ref>« Remains of 3516 genocide victims were accorded decent burial in Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial Centre », ''IGIHE'', 25 Kamena 2018.</ref> === Kwibuka n'imikoreshereze y'ubu === Urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' mu Karere ka Rusizi, irimo amajoro yo kwibuka, gushyira indabo ku mva n'ubuhamya bw'abarokotse.<ref name="RGS" /><ref name="KTP2018" /> Aha hantu hakoreshwa kandi nk'ahantu ho kwigira ku mashuri yo muri ako gace no ku bashyitsi baturutse mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, mu ngendo zo kwibuka zitegurwa ku bufatanye n'imiryango y'abarokotse n'inzego z'ibanze.<ref>« Rusizi District | Discover Nyungwe & Lake Kivu », Nyungwe Forest Rwanda Tours.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Nyarushishi rufitanye isano ya hafi n'amateka y'inkambi y'impunzi yo mu 1994, yabaye ku isonga mu mpaka ku bikorwa by'Ubufaransa n'umuryango mpuzamahanga muri Jenoside.<ref>« Rwanda marks 30 years since France's contested mission to stem 1994 genocide », ''RFI'', 22 Kamena 2024.</ref> Imihango ibera aha hantu ihuza kwibuka abahashyinguye no gutekereza kuri icyo gice cya Opération Turquoise.<ref name="GLE" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Uruhare rw'Ubufaransa muri jenoside y'Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Hélène Dumas, ''Le génocide au village. Le massacre des Tutsi au Rwanda'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. * Florent Piton, ''Le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda'', Paris, La Découverte, 2018. * Dady de Maximo Mwicira-Mitali, ''Rwanda, un deuil impossible. Effacement et traces'', Paris, Karthala, 2019. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyarushishi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] q0v9ejraufra2uf9g1w861ybxgvmjd0 140468 140416 2026-09-30T09:14:18Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140468 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi | image = [[Dosiye:NyarushishiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Paruwasi iri imbere y'urwibutso (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Rusizi|Rusizi]] | label4 = Aho ruherereye | data4 = Nyarushishi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye ku misozi ya Nyarushishi, hafi ya Cyangugu, mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside ibihumbi yataburuwe mu mirenge itandukanye y'akarere, ishyingurwa mu rwibutso no mu mva rusange. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:NyarushishiGenocideMemorial13.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso, kirebewe ku muhanda munini wa Kivu Belt (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku misozi ya Nyarushishi, hafi y'umujyi wa Cyangugu n'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda. Aha hantu hari mu [[Akarere ka Rusizi]], mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba.<ref>« Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial », igice « Rusizi District », Nyungwe Forest – Discover Nyungwe & Lake Kivu.</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Nyarushishi ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso zashyizweho mu Rwanda nyuma ya 1994, rwahuzwaga na Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG, ubu ni MINUBUMWE).<ref>Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d'identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d'avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Gashyantare 1996.</ref> Zimwe muri izo nzibutso zashyizwe ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO, nka [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]]. == Amateka == === Inkambi y'impunzi yo mu 1994 === Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abayobozi n'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga wa Croix-Rouge bakusanyirije i Nyarushishi Abatutsi ibihumbi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, bavanywe ahantu nka sitade Kamarampaka.<ref>« Rwanda: June 23 1994 – the Day French Troops Entered Cyangugu », AllAfrica / ''The New Times'', 23 Kamena 2016.</ref><ref name="KTP2018">« The Boy from Nyarushishi Refugee Camp is Alive », ''KT Press'', 30 Nyakanga 2018.</ref> Ibigereranyo bivuga ko abantu bari hagati ya 8&nbsp;000 na hafi 12&nbsp;000 bakusanyirijwe muri iyo nkambi hagati ya Mata na Nzeri 1994.<ref name="KTP2018" /> Inkambi yabaye imwe mu ntego z'ingenzi z'Opération Turquoise, igikorwa cya gisirikare cy'Ubufaransa cyemejwe n'icyemezo nimero 929 cy'Akanama k'Umutekano k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye. Imitwe ya Légion étrangère yafashe inkambi mu mpera za Kamena 1994 kugira ngo irinde impunzi, nyuma y'aho imva rusange zivumbuwe mu gace ka Nyarushishi.<ref>« French Troops Guard Tutsi Refugee Camp in Rwanda », ''Los Angeles Times'', 25 Kamena 1994.</ref> Itangazamakuru n'ubushakashatsi bumwe bigaragaza ko kuba ingabo z'Ubufaransa zari muri iyo nkambi bitavugwaho rumwe, bijyanye n'impaka ku ruhare rwa Opération Turquoise n'ibirego by'ihohoterwa, harimo no gufata ku ngufu, bamwe mu basirikare bakoreye abagore b'impunzi.<ref name="GLE">« Was Operation Turquoise a humanitarian act? », ''The Great Lakes Eye'', 23 Mata 2025.</ref> === Ishyirwaho ry'urwibutso === Nyuma ya Jenoside, ahantu ha Nyarushishi hatoranyijwe kugira ngo hashyirwe urwibutso n'imva rusange zigenewe abazize Jenoside bo mu Karere ka Rusizi. Imihango yo gushyingura abantu benshi icyarimwe yatangiye kuhabera guhera mu myaka ya 2000, imibiri yabonetse mu makomini atandukanye igenda yimurirwayo.<ref>« RUSIZI: 33 Remains of Genocide Victims Laid to Rest », Sights of Rwanda, 6 Nyakanga 2012.</ref> Mu 2014, Akarere ka Rusizi kongeye gutangiza imirimo yo kubaka urwibutso runini, gatangaza ingengo y'imari igera kuri miliyoni 50 z'amafaranga y'u Rwanda yo kubaka « inzu ndangamurage-rwibutso » igezweho no kuvugurura igishushanyo cya mbere cy'aho hantu.<ref name="RGS">{{Cite web |title=Nyarushishi Genocide memorial |url=https://www.rwandagorillasafaris.com/tag/nyarushishi-genocide-memorial |website=Rwanda Gorilla Safaris |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}</ref> Muri Kamena 2018, mu muhango wo gushyingura wabereye i Nyarushishi, abazize Jenoside barenga 3&nbsp;500 bataburuwe mu mva zari zitatanye muri ako gace bashyinguwe mu cyubahiro.<ref>« Remains of 3516 genocide victims were accorded decent burial in Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial Centre », ''IGIHE'', 25 Kamena 2018.</ref> === Kwibuka n'imikoreshereze y'ubu === Urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' mu Karere ka Rusizi, irimo amajoro yo kwibuka, gushyira indabo ku mva n'ubuhamya bw'abarokotse.<ref name="RGS" /><ref name="KTP2018" /> Aha hantu hakoreshwa kandi nk'ahantu ho kwigira ku mashuri yo muri ako gace no ku bashyitsi baturutse mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, mu ngendo zo kwibuka zitegurwa ku bufatanye n'imiryango y'abarokotse n'inzego z'ibanze.<ref>« Rusizi District | Discover Nyungwe & Lake Kivu », Nyungwe Forest Rwanda Tours.</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Nyarushishi rufitanye isano ya hafi n'amateka y'inkambi y'impunzi yo mu 1994, yabaye ku isonga mu mpaka ku bikorwa by'Ubufaransa n'umuryango mpuzamahanga muri Jenoside.<ref>« Rwanda marks 30 years since France's contested mission to stem 1994 genocide », ''RFI'', 22 Kamena 2024.</ref> Imihango ibera aha hantu ihuza kwibuka abahashyinguye no gutekereza kuri icyo gice cya Opération Turquoise.<ref name="GLE" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Rusizi]] * [[Uruhare rw'Ubufaransa muri jenoside y'Abatutsi mu Rwanda]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamembe]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Nyarushishi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * Hélène Dumas, ''Le génocide au village. Le massacre des Tutsi au Rwanda'', Paris, Seuil, 2014. * Florent Piton, ''Le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda'', Paris, La Découverte, 2018. * Dady de Maximo Mwicira-Mitali, ''Rwanda, un deuil impossible. Effacement et traces'', Paris, Karthala, 2019. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Nyarushishi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Rusizi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] jpblogt1e3jnmubmi7gpxel5zs06wql 0 23168 140418 2026-09-30T08:59:32Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi | image = [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi rurebewe kuri paruwasi iri hejuru yarwo (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Shangi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa..." 140418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi | image = [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi rurebewe kuri paruwasi iri hejuru yarwo (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Shangi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi''' rwibutsa ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi i Shangi, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] k'ubu, mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]], muri [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi rwubatswe iruhande rwa Paruwasi ya Shangi, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |year=2021 |pages=193–194 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> Rubitse imibiri y'abiciwe kuri paruwasi no mu nkengero zayo.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi ni rumwe mu nzibutso, imva rusange n'ahantu ho kwibukira biri mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, bifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Enye muri zo — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial |language=fr |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial29.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kiri imbere y'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba]] cyerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso rwa Shangi, ku birometero 9 (Kanama 2025)]] == Amateka == [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial12.jpg|thumb|Imbere ya Paruwasi ya Shangi aho ubwicanyi bwabereye; urwibutso ruri hepfo, inyuma y'ishusho (Kanama 2025)]] === Mbere ya Jenoside === Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi yari mu cyahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, muri Segiteri ya Shangi; ubu iri mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]. Itotezwa ry'Abatutsi ryaho ryatangiye kera, kuko ubugizi bwa nabi bwagaragaye kuva mu myaka ya 1960, harimo gutwika amazu no gufata abakirisitu bavaga mu misa ya Noheli kuri paruwasi. Guhera mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990, mu gihe cy'intambara yatangijwe na FPR, iryo totezwa ryariyongereye.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Nk'uko Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ibivuga, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze ba MRND na MDR bagize uruhare mu guheza Abatutsi: abize cyangwa abakoraga mu nzego za Leta birukanwe ku mirimo yabo, kandi Abahutu bashakanye n'Abatutsikazi bashyirwaho igitutu ngo babirukane. Mu 1993, Interahamwe za Gafunzo zatorejwe ku ruganda rw'icyayi rwa Shagasha, zifashijwe n'abayobozi b'ubutegetsi n'abasirikare bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Ibitero byo muri Mata 1994 === Guhera ku wa 8 Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi b'i Shangi no mu nkengero zaho bahungiye kuri paruwasi, bizeye kuharindirwa. Abantu ibihumbi, baturutse cyane cyane mu makomini ya Gafunzo na Gisuma, bahakusanyirijwe; bamwe ngo bahajyanywe cyangwa bategetswe kujyayo n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze. Icyo gihe kandi hashyizweho bariyeri muri ako gace, Interahamwe ziririmba indirimbo zikangurira gutsemba Abatutsi. Ibitero bya mbere ku mpunzi byabaye ku wa 12 na 13 Mata. Impunzi zari muri paruwasi zagerageje kwirwanaho zisubiza inyuma ibitero byinshi. Abagabye ibitero bakoresheje kandi amayeri yo kuzinaniza: bafunze amatiyo y'amazi ya paruwasi kugira ngo impunzi zicwe n'inyota, kandi abageragezaga kumanuka ku kiyaga cya Kivu kuvoma baricwaga.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Interahamwe, cyane cyane iziturutse i Nyamirundi ziyobowe n'uwitwa Pima, zagabye igitero gikomeye. Mbere y'igitero, Interahamwe zanyuze kuri Komini Gafunzo gufata intwaro na za gerenade, zihabwa ku mabwiriza ya burugumesitiri Charles Karorero. Indi nkomoko yerekeye Jenoside mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ivuga kandi igitero cyo ku wa 15 Mata cyayobowe na Epimaque Uburiyemuye, alias Pima, n'Interahamwe z'i Nyabitekeri, cyahitanye abantu barenga ijana bari bahungiye i Shangi.<ref name="CNLG2019">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |others=Donatien Nikuze |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Archives/CNLG_Archives/CNLG_Publications/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu.pdf |language=rw}}</ref> Ku wa 18 Mata 1994, intumwa za perefegitura ziyobowe na superefe [[Théodore Munyangabe]] zakoranyije abakonseye bo muri ako gace, zibasaba gukora urutonde rw'Abatutsi bahunze ingo zabo n'aho bahungiye. Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, Padiri Aimé Mategeko, superefe Munyangabe n'abakozi ba komini bajyaga kenshi kuri paruwasi gukuramo abagabo bakuru, abahungu n'abize. Abo bantu batoranywaga bitwajwe ko bagombaga kubazwa i Kamembe ku bijyanye n'intwaro bivugwa ko bari bafite zo gutera Abahutu. Nta n'umwe mu bajyanywe wagarutse. Izindi nkuru zivuga ko hatoranyijwe abagabo mirongo ine na babiri b'abakomeye cyangwa abize, bajyanwa kuri sitade Kamarampaka nyuma baricwa, cyane cyane i Bushenge.<ref name="CNLG2021" /><ref name="CNLG2019" /> Nyuma y'igitero cyasubijwe inyuma ku wa 27 Mata, igitero gikomeye cyagabwe kuri paruwasi ku wa 29 Mata 1994. Cyayobowe n'Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi, zaturutse i Bugarama mu makamyo menshi, zitwaje imihoro, amahiri, imbunda na za gerenade. Abagabye igitero bibasiye impunzi zari zikusanyirijwe muri kiliziya no mu nyubako za paruwasi. Nk'uko abarokotse babivuga, ubwicanyi bwakomeje kugeza ku mugoroba; abakobwa bari barokotse bahise bajyanwa gufatwa ku ngufu. Bukeye bwaho, Interahamwe zagarutse gusonga inkomere n'abari bakiri bazima. Imibiri yajugunywe mu cyobo kinini cyiswe « Croix-Rouge », cyari imisarane ya kera y'ishuri ribanza rya Shangi. Icyo cyobo kimaze kuzura, hacukuwe ibindi kugira ngo imibiri ihishwe kandi inyubako za paruwasi zisukurwe.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Abagize uruhare === Abayobozi benshi bo muri ako gace bavugwa mu nkomoko zerekeye ubwicanyi bw'i Shangi. Théodore Munyangabe, ukomoka muri ako gace, avugwa nk'umwe mu bateguye ubwicanyi n'abatoranyije abicwa. Padiri Aimé Mategeko avugwa nk'uwagize uruhare mu kugambanira impunzi no mu bikorwa byatumye zicwa; nyuma yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu kubera icyaha cya Jenoside. Andi mazina avugwa mu nkomoko arimo burugumesitiri Charles Karorero, burigadiye wa komini Philippe Sekanyambo, Étienne Gatamobwa wari ukuriye CDR muri ako gace, na Siméon Nchamihigo, wari umushinjacyaha wungirije, uvugwa ko yagenzuraga ako gace kandi agatanga intwaro ku Nterahamwe.<ref name="CNLG2021" /><ref name="CNLG2019" /> === Urwibutso === Urwibutso rwa Shangi rwubatswe kugira ngo hunamirwe Abatutsi biciwe kuri paruwasi no mu nkengero zayo, cyane cyane mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="NT2025">{{Cite news |author=Michel Nkurunziza |title=Ibuka demands inquiry into murder of Nyamasheke Genocide survivor |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26534/news/crime/ibuka-demands-inquiry-into-murder-of-nyamasheke-genocide-survivor |work=The New Times |date=2025-05-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'abazize ubwicanyi bwakorewe aha hantu no muri ako gace barenga 4&nbsp;000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide in Rwanda April-May 1994 |url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/hrw/1994/en/21916 |website=Refworld |language=en |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> Havugwa kandi ibikorwa byo kwirwanaho mu Murenge wa Shangi, cyane cyane i Mugera, aho umuryango w'Abatamu ngo wirwanyeho bikomeye mbere yo gutsembwa, hapfa abantu barenga 350 nk'uko inkomoko zerekeye ahantu habereye ubwicanyi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zibivuga.<ref name="CNLG2019" /> [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial20.jpg|left|thumb|Imbere y'urwibutso rwa Shangi (Kanama 2025)]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Ubu urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwigisha amateka, hagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri uyu murenge. Kuba ruri hafi ya kiliziya aho impunzi nyinshi zari zahungiye muri Mata 1994 byibutsa uruhare paruwasi yagize nk'ubuhungiro, ibitero byagiye bihagabwa, n'uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutoranya, gutandukanya no gutsemba abazize Jenoside. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso zo mu Rwanda zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura, kwibuka no kwigisha.<ref name="CNLG2019" /><ref name="NT2025" /> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Shangi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shangi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] budra7nahzg7n3bycesap73jq7q491s 140469 140418 2026-09-30T09:14:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140469 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi | image = [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi rurebewe kuri paruwasi iri hejuru yarwo (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke|Nyamasheke]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Shangi | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi''' rwibutsa ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi i Shangi, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] k'ubu, mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]] y'u [[Rwanda]], muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi rwubatswe iruhande rwa Paruwasi ya Shangi, mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]], mu Ntara y'Iburengerazuba, hafi y'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |year=2021 |pages=193–194 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> Rubitse imibiri y'abiciwe kuri paruwasi no mu nkengero zayo.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi ni rumwe mu nzibutso, imva rusange n'ahantu ho kwibukira biri mu Rwanda no mu mahanga, bifitanye isano na Jenoside yo mu 1994. Enye muri zo — [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] — ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=UNESCO Centre du patrimoine mondial |language=fr |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial29.jpg|left|thumb|Icyapa kiri imbere y'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba]] cyerekana inzira igana ku rwibutso rwa Shangi, ku birometero 9 (Kanama 2025)]] == Amateka == [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial12.jpg|thumb|Imbere ya Paruwasi ya Shangi aho ubwicanyi bwabereye; urwibutso ruri hepfo, inyuma y'ishusho (Kanama 2025)]] === Mbere ya Jenoside === Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi yari mu cyahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, muri Segiteri ya Shangi; ubu iri mu [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]]. Itotezwa ry'Abatutsi ryaho ryatangiye kera, kuko ubugizi bwa nabi bwagaragaye kuva mu myaka ya 1960, harimo gutwika amazu no gufata abakirisitu bavaga mu misa ya Noheli kuri paruwasi. Guhera mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1990, mu gihe cy'intambara yatangijwe na FPR, iryo totezwa ryariyongereye.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Nk'uko Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) ibivuga, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze ba MRND na MDR bagize uruhare mu guheza Abatutsi: abize cyangwa abakoraga mu nzego za Leta birukanwe ku mirimo yabo, kandi Abahutu bashakanye n'Abatutsikazi bashyirwaho igitutu ngo babirukane. Mu 1993, Interahamwe za Gafunzo zatorejwe ku ruganda rw'icyayi rwa Shagasha, zifashijwe n'abayobozi b'ubutegetsi n'abasirikare bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Ibitero byo muri Mata 1994 === Guhera ku wa 8 Mata 1994, Abatutsi benshi b'i Shangi no mu nkengero zaho bahungiye kuri paruwasi, bizeye kuharindirwa. Abantu ibihumbi, baturutse cyane cyane mu makomini ya Gafunzo na Gisuma, bahakusanyirijwe; bamwe ngo bahajyanywe cyangwa bategetswe kujyayo n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze. Icyo gihe kandi hashyizweho bariyeri muri ako gace, Interahamwe ziririmba indirimbo zikangurira gutsemba Abatutsi. Ibitero bya mbere ku mpunzi byabaye ku wa 12 na 13 Mata. Impunzi zari muri paruwasi zagerageje kwirwanaho zisubiza inyuma ibitero byinshi. Abagabye ibitero bakoresheje kandi amayeri yo kuzinaniza: bafunze amatiyo y'amazi ya paruwasi kugira ngo impunzi zicwe n'inyota, kandi abageragezaga kumanuka ku kiyaga cya Kivu kuvoma baricwaga.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Interahamwe, cyane cyane iziturutse i Nyamirundi ziyobowe n'uwitwa Pima, zagabye igitero gikomeye. Mbere y'igitero, Interahamwe zanyuze kuri Komini Gafunzo gufata intwaro na za gerenade, zihabwa ku mabwiriza ya burugumesitiri Charles Karorero. Indi nkomoko yerekeye Jenoside mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ivuga kandi igitero cyo ku wa 15 Mata cyayobowe na Epimaque Uburiyemuye, alias Pima, n'Interahamwe z'i Nyabitekeri, cyahitanye abantu barenga ijana bari bahungiye i Shangi.<ref name="CNLG2019">{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |others=Donatien Nikuze |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://www.minubumwe.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/MINUBUMWE/Archives/CNLG_Archives/CNLG_Publications/Jenoside_yakorewe_Abatutsi_muyahoze_ari_Perefegitura_ya_Cyangungu.pdf |language=rw}}</ref> Ku wa 18 Mata 1994, intumwa za perefegitura ziyobowe na superefe [[Théodore Munyangabe]] zakoranyije abakonseye bo muri ako gace, zibasaba gukora urutonde rw'Abatutsi bahunze ingo zabo n'aho bahungiye. Mu minsi yakurikiyeho, Padiri Aimé Mategeko, superefe Munyangabe n'abakozi ba komini bajyaga kenshi kuri paruwasi gukuramo abagabo bakuru, abahungu n'abize. Abo bantu batoranywaga bitwajwe ko bagombaga kubazwa i Kamembe ku bijyanye n'intwaro bivugwa ko bari bafite zo gutera Abahutu. Nta n'umwe mu bajyanywe wagarutse. Izindi nkuru zivuga ko hatoranyijwe abagabo mirongo ine na babiri b'abakomeye cyangwa abize, bajyanwa kuri sitade Kamarampaka nyuma baricwa, cyane cyane i Bushenge.<ref name="CNLG2021" /><ref name="CNLG2019" /> Nyuma y'igitero cyasubijwe inyuma ku wa 27 Mata, igitero gikomeye cyagabwe kuri paruwasi ku wa 29 Mata 1994. Cyayobowe n'Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi, zaturutse i Bugarama mu makamyo menshi, zitwaje imihoro, amahiri, imbunda na za gerenade. Abagabye igitero bibasiye impunzi zari zikusanyirijwe muri kiliziya no mu nyubako za paruwasi. Nk'uko abarokotse babivuga, ubwicanyi bwakomeje kugeza ku mugoroba; abakobwa bari barokotse bahise bajyanwa gufatwa ku ngufu. Bukeye bwaho, Interahamwe zagarutse gusonga inkomere n'abari bakiri bazima. Imibiri yajugunywe mu cyobo kinini cyiswe « Croix-Rouge », cyari imisarane ya kera y'ishuri ribanza rya Shangi. Icyo cyobo kimaze kuzura, hacukuwe ibindi kugira ngo imibiri ihishwe kandi inyubako za paruwasi zisukurwe.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> === Abagize uruhare === Abayobozi benshi bo muri ako gace bavugwa mu nkomoko zerekeye ubwicanyi bw'i Shangi. Théodore Munyangabe, ukomoka muri ako gace, avugwa nk'umwe mu bateguye ubwicanyi n'abatoranyije abicwa. Padiri Aimé Mategeko avugwa nk'uwagize uruhare mu kugambanira impunzi no mu bikorwa byatumye zicwa; nyuma yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu kubera icyaha cya Jenoside. Andi mazina avugwa mu nkomoko arimo burugumesitiri Charles Karorero, burigadiye wa komini Philippe Sekanyambo, Étienne Gatamobwa wari ukuriye CDR muri ako gace, na Siméon Nchamihigo, wari umushinjacyaha wungirije, uvugwa ko yagenzuraga ako gace kandi agatanga intwaro ku Nterahamwe.<ref name="CNLG2021" /><ref name="CNLG2019" /> === Urwibutso === Urwibutso rwa Shangi rwubatswe kugira ngo hunamirwe Abatutsi biciwe kuri paruwasi no mu nkengero zayo, cyane cyane mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.<ref name="NT2025">{{Cite news |author=Michel Nkurunziza |title=Ibuka demands inquiry into murder of Nyamasheke Genocide survivor |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/26534/news/crime/ibuka-demands-inquiry-into-murder-of-nyamasheke-genocide-survivor |work=The New Times |date=2025-05-19 |language=en |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> Ruhurije hamwe imibiri y'abazize ubwicanyi bwakorewe aha hantu no muri ako gace barenga 4&nbsp;000.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide in Rwanda April-May 1994 |url=https://www.refworld.org/reference/countryrep/hrw/1994/en/21916 |website=Refworld |language=en |access-date=2026-05-01}}</ref> Havugwa kandi ibikorwa byo kwirwanaho mu Murenge wa Shangi, cyane cyane i Mugera, aho umuryango w'Abatamu ngo wirwanyeho bikomeye mbere yo gutsembwa, hapfa abantu barenga 350 nk'uko inkomoko zerekeye ahantu habereye ubwicanyi mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zibivuga.<ref name="CNLG2019" /> [[Dosiye:ShangiGenocideMemorial20.jpg|left|thumb|Imbere y'urwibutso rwa Shangi (Kanama 2025)]] == Ibiranga urwibutso == Ubu urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Shangi ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwigisha amateka, hagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri uyu murenge. Kuba ruri hafi ya kiliziya aho impunzi nyinshi zari zahungiye muri Mata 1994 byibutsa uruhare paruwasi yagize nk'ubuhungiro, ibitero byagiye bihagabwa, n'uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutoranya, gutandukanya no gutsemba abazize Jenoside. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso zo mu Rwanda zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura, kwibuka no kwigisha.<ref name="CNLG2019" /><ref name="NT2025" /> {{clear}} == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gashirabwoba]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamasheke]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Shangi Genocide Memorial}} === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide (CNLG) |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Shangi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Nyamasheke]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] 6tph8v0pjsjiou9klew302uw3ha4r6u 0 23169 140419 2026-09-30T09:02:21Z Score Beethoven 11559 Ubusobanuro bwa [[:fr:Mémorial des gardiens de la paix Belges]] (fr) mu Kinyarwanda 140419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi | image = [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 032 - The Belgian monument for ten murdered Belgian Blue Helmets of the United Nations 1994 - Kigali.jpg|280px]] | caption = Inkingi 10 z'urwibutso rw'abasirikare b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR i Kigali | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Urwibutso | label4 = Rwibuka | data4 = Abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR bishwe ku wa 7 Mata 1994 }} '''Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi''' (mu Gifaransa: ''Mémorial des gardiens de la paix Belges'') ni urwibutso ruri mu kigo cyahoze ari icya gisirikare cya ''Camp Kigali'' i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Inkingi icumi zubatswe aho hantu zibutsa abasirikare icumi b'Ababiligi b'ingabo za [[MINUAR]] bishwe ku wa 7 Mata 1994, igihe ubwicanyi bwatangiraga mu ntangiriro za [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Aho ruherereye == Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zitubatswe ku kibanza rusange. Ni kimwe mu bibanza byinshi byo kwibuka biri mu Rwanda, byibutsa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. Mu nzibutso z'igihugu harimo [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye]].<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Gisenyi, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |website=UNESCO |language=en |access-date=2015-03-04}}</ref> Mu Rwanda habarurwa ibibanza by'urwibutso birenga 250 byanditswe, byibutsa Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gisenyi Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/gisenyi-genocide-memorial-site/ |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref> == Amateka n'imiterere y'ibihe == Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950, mu gihe cy'ubwigenge bw'ibihugu byinshi by'Afurika, u Rwanda rwaranzwe n'ubwiyongere bw'amakimbirane mu muryango n'urugomo rushingiye ku moko. Ibyo byakomeje na nyuma y'uko igihugu kibona ubwigenge ku [[Ububiligi]] mu 1962.<ref name="onu">{{Cite web |title=Rapport de la commission indépendante d'enquête sur les actions de l'Organisation des Nations Unies lors du génocide de 1994 au Rwanda |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N99/395/48/PDF/N9939548.pdf |website=Umuryango w'Abibumbye |language=fr}}</ref> Muri Kanama 1993, kubera imbaraga z'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika (OUA) n'iza guverinoma zo mu karere mu gushaka amahoro, isinywa ry'[[Amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha]] ryasaga n'irirangije intambara (yatangiye mu 1990) hagati ya guverinoma y'u Rwanda y'icyo gihe na [[FPR Inkotanyi|FPR]].<ref name="onu" /> Mu Ukwakira 1993, Akanama k'Umutekano ka Loni kashyizeho Ubutumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bwo gufasha u Rwanda ([[MINUAR]]), bwari bufite inshingano zo kubungabunga amahoro, gutanga ubufasha bw'ubutabazi no gushyigikira muri rusange inzira y'amahoro.<ref name="onu" /> Ku wa 6 Mata 1994, urupfu rw'Abaperezida b'u Burundi n'u Rwanda, mu ndege yahanuwe na misile, rwabaye imbarutso ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari imaze amezi menshi itegurwa.<ref name="onu" /> Abishwe bagereranywa na miliyoni imwe. Mu gihe kitageze ku isaha igice nyuma y'uko indege ihanuka, bariyeri zagenzurwaga n'abarwanyi b'Abahutu, akenshi bafashijwe na [[Jandarumori y'u Rwanda|jandarumori]] cyangwa abasirikare, zarashyizweho kugira ngo zitahure Abatutsi zibice.<ref name="onu" /> Ku wa 7 Mata, [[Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines]] (RTLM) yatangaje ikiganiro gishinja FPR n'abasirikare b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR kuba ari bo bahanuye indege, itangira gushishikariza Abahutu kurimbura « inyenzi z'Abatutsi ».<ref name="onu" /> Nyuma y'aho kuri uwo munsi, Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] n'abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi b'ingabo za Loni zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro bari bashinzwe kumurinda bishwe bunyamaswa n'abasirikare ba guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Nyuma y'iyicwa ry'abasirikare bayo, Ububiligi bwafashe icyemezo cyo gucyura ingabo zabwo za Loni.<ref name="onu" /> == Uko byagenze ku wa 6 n'uwa 7 Mata 1994 ku ruhande rw'abasirikare ba 2e Commando == <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em;"> '''Uko byagenze ku wa 6 n'uwa 7 Mata 1994 ku ruhande rw'abasirikare ba 2e Commando''' <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> 6 Mata, saa 20:30: Indege yari igeze ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kigali, itwaye Perezida w'u Rwanda [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] na Perezida w'u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira, yahanuwe na misile zirasirwa ku butaka, hapfa kandi abaminisitiri babiri b'u Burundi, umugaba mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda, abandi bayobozi n'abakozi b'indege b'Abafaransa.<ref name="onu" /> Agahenge karahagaze mu buryo butunguranye. Ibihuha bikwirakwira ko Ababiligi ari bo bahanuye indege ya Perezida.<ref name="onu" /> Saa 22:00: Hashyizweho komite ishinzwe ibibazo byihutirwa. Jenerali [[Roméo Dallaire]], umuyobozi w'ingabo za MINUAR, ajya mu nama asangamo Koloneli [[Théoneste Bagosora]], umuyobozi w'ibiro bya Minisitiri w'Ingabo.<ref name="dallaire">{{Cite book |author=Roméo Dallaire |title=J'ai serré la main du diable |publisher=Libre Expression |year=2003 |language=fr}}</ref> Icyifuzo cy'uko Minisitiri w'Intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana, ubundi wari ku isonga mu murongo w'abasimbura, yageza ijambo ku gihugu, cyaranzwe.<ref name="onu" /> 7 Mata, saa 01:18: Nyamara, ku itegeko rya Jenerali Dallaire, umuyobozi wa MINUAR ushinzwe agace ka Kigali, Koloneli [[Luc Marchal]], ashinga batayo ya 2 ya Commando y'Ababiligi guherekeza Minisitiri w'Intebe kuri Radiyo Rwanda no kurinda aho hantu.<ref name="dallaire" /> Yagombaga kugeza ijambo ku gihugu saa 05:30.<ref name="onu" /> Liyetona-Koloneli Joseph Dewez, umuyobozi wa batayo, agaragaza gushidikanya kuri ubwo butumwa mu bihe byari bikomeye cyane.<ref name="onu" /> Saa 02:16: Liyetona Thierry Lotin, wari ufite itsinda ry'abasirikare ba Mortiers ba batayo ya 2 ya Commando ku kibuga cy'indege n'amajipe yabo abiri bagiye gushyiramo lisansi, ahabwa ubwo butumwa. Agomba gufata amajipe ane (inshuro ebyiri z'iherekeza risanzwe).<ref name="onu" /> Saa 03:19: Mu nzira ajya gusohoza ubwo butumwa, Liyetona Lotin ahagarikwa kuri bariyeri, kuri kilometero imwe gusa uvuye mu rugo rwa Minisitiri w'Intebe. Atakaza igihe kinini aganira kandi ategereje umusirikare w'u Rwanda ushinzwe guhuza ibikorwa utigeze uza. Saa 05:12: Liyetona Lotin amaherezo ayoborwa mu wundi muhanda. Mu mujyi hose humvikana amasasu ahandi n'ahandi. Saa 05:42: Amajipe y'itsinda rya Mortiers agera aho yagombaga kujya. Abasirikare bahura n'abasirikare batanu ba MINUAR bo muri Ghana n'abajandarume batanu b'Abanyarwanda bari bashinzwe umutekano wa Minisitiri w'Intebe. Ako kanya, abasirikare b'u Rwanda bafite imodoka z'intambara n'abarinzi ba Perezida bagota aho bari, barasa ku rugo. Saa 05:47: Liyetona Lotin asuzuma uko ibintu bimeze. Ubutumwa bwo guherekeza Minisitiri w'Intebe kuri radiyo buhagarikwa. Itsinda rya Liyetona Lotin ntiryirwanaho, kuko abasirikare b'u Rwanda batari babarasaho. Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez na we ababwira kutarasa. Saa 06:03: Itsinda rimenyesha ko amajipe yaryo yangijwe. Saa 06:55: Abasirikare b'u Rwanda bategeka itsinda gushyira hasi intwaro no kwitanga. Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez agira inama Liyetona Lotin yo kutabikora, ahubwo agashaka ibiganiro. Saa 07:00: Umuyobozi wa kompanyi ya 2e Commando, wari nko ku birometero bibiri uvuye mu rugo rwa Minisitiri w'Intebe, asaba gutabara n'itsinda ryongerewe imbaraga. Ubuyobozi bwa batayo bwanga icyo cyifuzo. Saa 07:40: Minisitiri w'Intebe ahungira mu nzu yari hafi aho, aherekejwe n'abajandarume. Nyuma (saa 11:45), we n'umugabo we bavumbuwe n'itsinda ry'Abarinzi ba Perezida, baricwa. Saa 08:44: Liyetona Lotin amenyesha ubugome bw'abasirikare b'u Rwanda bamukikije. Batayo ya 2 isaba amabwiriza Koloneli Marchal, wumvaga ibiganiro kuri radiyo ya batayo. Saa 08:49: Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez asubiramo ko itsinda ridakwiye gushyira hasi intwaro, ariko bikaba byatinze: abasirikare bane bari bamaze kwamburwa intwaro no kuryamishwa hasi. Liyetona Lotin yitanga abyemerewe n'ubuyobozi bwa batayo n'ubw'agace. Itsinda ry'Ababiligi n'abasirikare bo muri Ghana bafatwa mpiri na Majoro [[Bernard Ntuyahaga]] wo mu biro bikuru by'ingabo z'u Rwanda. Batwarwa muri minibisi. Ahagana saa 09:00: Bagera i ''Camp Kigali'', ikigo cya gisirikare cy'u Rwanda kitari kure y'aho. Akigerayo, Liyetona Lotin ahura na Kapiteni Kodjo Apedo, ku biro bya Loni byari hafi aho. Uwo kapiteni yari umusirikare wa MINUAR ukomoka muri Togo, ushinzwe guhuza ibikorwa muri icyo kigo. Muri ako kanya, Majoro Ntuyahaga akwirakwiza ibihuha ko izo mfungwa z'Ababiligi ari zo zahanuye indege ya Perezida, akabyutsa uburakari bw'abasirikare b'u Rwanda bari aho. Imbaga yitwaje imigongo y'imbunda, amabuye n'imbunda, itangira gukubita no kwica izo mfungwa zitari zitwaje intwaro. Saa 09:06: Liyetona abasha kuvugana bwa nyuma n'abamukuriye kugira ngo abamenyeshe ibibazo arimo, akoresheje radiyo ya kapiteni wo muri Togo. Saa 09:08: Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez asaba ubuyobozi bw'agace ubufasha bwo gutabara. Koloneli Marchal amenyesha umwe mu bagize ibiro bya Jenerali Dallaire, asaba ko icyo kibazo kizaganirwaho n'abayobozi b'u Rwanda mu nama yari iteganyijwe saa 10:00.<ref name="dallaire" /> Hagati aho, abasirikare bane ba Liyetona Lotin bapfa bazize inkoni n'ibyuma by'imbunda (''baïonnettes''). Abandi, bakomeretse bikabije, bacika iyo mbaga bagera kuri Liyetona Lotin mu biro bya Loni. Bafungirana imbere batangira kwirwanaho ngo barokore ubuzima bwabo. Imyigaragambyo y'abasirikare (''mutinerie'') i ''Camp Kigali'' iba yose igihe abasirikare b'u Rwanda bamena ububiko bw'intwaro bw'ikigo kugira ngo bitwaze intwaro. Ibiro birasirwaho cyane, maze undi musirikare wa Para-Commando w'Umubiligi arapfa. Mu gihe igitero cyari gihagaze gato, Kapiteni Apedo n'abasirikare batanu bo muri Ghana bakurwa muri ibyo biro. Mbere gato ya saa 10:00: Jenerali Dallaire ava ku cyicaro cye ajya mu nama. Amara isaha mu nzira. Amenyeshwa ikibazo kirebana n'abasirikare b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR.<ref name="dallaire" /> Saa 10:40: Umusirikare w'u Rwanda ushaka kwinjira mu biro yamburwa intwaro akicwa na Liyetona Lotin wari wasigaranye pisitori ye. Habaho kurasana. Abasirikare b'u Rwanda barakomereka abandi barapfa. Saa 10:50: Ajya mu nama, Jenerali Dallaire anyura imbere y'irembo rya ''Camp Kigali'', kuri metero 30 gusa uvuye aho ibyo byaberaga. Abona imirambo y'abasirikare ba MINUAR iri hasi. Ategeka ko imodoka ihagarara, ariko umushoferi we w'Umunyarwanda aranga, amubwira ko bari mu kaga kuko hari imyigaragambyo y'abasirikare.<ref name="dallaire" /> Saa 10:55: Jenerali Dallaire agera aho inama yabereye, kuri metero 200 gusa uvuye aho ibyo byaberaga, ahahurira na Kapiteni Apedo n'abasirikare bo muri Ghana bari bemerewe kuva mu kigo.<ref name="dallaire" /> Bamumenyesha ibibera i ''Camp Kigali''. Igitangaje ni uko Jenerali Dallaire nta gikorwa na kimwe yakoze ngo akemure icyo kibazo. Ntiyanakivuzeho mu nama yamaze kugeza saa 12:15. Nk'uko yabyanditse mu gitabo cye ''J'ai serré la main du diable'', yageragezaga gusobanukirwa n'uko ibintu byari bimeze. Ahagana saa 13:00: Ibyuka biryana mu maso n'ibisasu bya gerenade bijugunywa binyuze mu mwobo wo ku gisenge. Ibyo bishyira iherezo ku kwirwanaho gutangaje kw'aba Para-Commandos b'Ababiligi.<ref name="onu" /> Nyuma ya saa sita, imirambo yabo yasahuwe kandi igacibwa ibice ijyanwa mu buruhukiro bw'ibitaro bya Kigali, igerekeranywa. Nimugoroba, Jenerali Dallaire ajya ku bitaro. Ntiyabasha kumenya umubare w'abasirikare be bapfuye.<ref name="dallaire" /> </div> </div> == Kwibuka Ababiligi bishwe == Nk'uko bivugwa mu mwanzuro wa 2150 w'Akanama k'Umutekano k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye (wemejwe n'abagize akanama bose mu 2014), werekeye gukumira no kurwanya jenoside, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yahitanye abantu bagera kuri miliyoni mu minsi 100. Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, n'Abahutu n'abandi bantu barwanyaga jenoside barishwe.<ref name="onu" /> [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 032 - The Belgian monument for ten murdered Belgian Blue Helmets of the United Nations 1994 - Kigali.jpg|left|thumb|Inkingi z'Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi i ''Camp Kigali'']] Ububiligi bwo bubabazwa n'abantu 22 bwabuze: '''abasirikare 10 b'ingabo za Loni bari bashinzwe kurinda Minisitiri w'Intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana''' (na we wishwe), n'abasivili 12 bishwe ahanini kubera ko bari Ababiligi.<ref name="onu" /> === Urutonde rw'Ababiligi 22 bishwe mu 1994 === Christine André | '''Bruno Bassinne'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommages - Hulden |url=https://bel-memorial.org/tribute/tribute_1.php?INDIVIDUALS_ID=80753&RECOUP=80753 |website=bel-memorial.org |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Note de synthèse du conseil communal du 3 septembre 2024 |url=https://www.namur.be/fr/ma-ville/vie-politique/conseil-communal/seances-du-conseil/03-09-2024/note-synthese-cc20240903-ville.pdf |website=Ville de Namur |language=fr}}</ref> | Claire Beckers-Bucyana | Katia Bucyana | Albert Craemers | '''Alain Debatty''' | Olivier Dulieu | '''Christophe Dupont''' | Michel Gigi | Antoine Godfriaux | Paul Kesenne | '''Yannick Leroy''' | Hélène Laveque | '''Stéphane Lhoir''' | '''Thierry Lotin''' | '''Bruno Meaux''' | '''Louis Plescia''' | '''Christophe Renwa''' | Annie Roland-Mugwaneza | Etienne Staelgraeve | '''Marc Uyttebroeck''' | Paul Van Vynckt<ref name="onu" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda : 1994 -2024 |url=https://beldefnews.mil.be/rwanda-1994-2024/?lang=fr |website=beldefnews.mil.be |language=fr |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=De quoi sont morts nos soldats? |url=https://www.dhnet.be/archives-journal/2007/04/01/de-quoi-sont-morts-nos-soldats-YVBOM23H4BARTIUMVSBOS2E3ZE/ |website=DHnet |language=fr |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Frédéric Crahay |title=Rwanda 1994 : Chronique d’un génocide en direct |journal=Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire |issue=128 |pages=4–5 |date=2019-04-02 |issn=2031-4183 |doi=10.4000/temoigner.8095 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/temoigner/8095 |language=fr |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref> Icyapa cyo kwibuka cya guverinoma y'Ububiligi n'amabuye 10 yo kwibuka byashyizweho ku wa 7 Mata 2000 mu rwego rwo kwibuka '''abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi bishwe''' i Kigali ku wa 7 Mata 1994, bari mu butumwa bw'amahoro mu Rwanda.<ref name="onu" /> Icyubahiro cyahawe na guverinoma y'Ububiligi, ku wa 7 Mata 2000.<ref name="onu" /> === Uruhare rw'itangazamakuru ry'urwango === Bagaragazwa nk'ibyitso bya FPR cyangwa nk'abagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana, Ababiligi bari mu banyamahanga bibasiwe cyane n'icengezamatwara ry'« itangazamakuru ry'urwango », cyane cyane [[Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines]] (RTLM) n'ikinyamakuru [[Kangura]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Bernard-Alexandre Merkel |title=The Rwandan Genocide: The Guilty Bystanders |url=https://www.e-ir.info/2010/01/14/the-rwandan-genocide-the-guilty-bystanders/ |website=E-International Relations |date=2010-01-14 |language=en |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref> Itegurwa ry'itsembatsemba ry'Abatutsi ndetse n'umugambi wo kwibasira Ababiligi, cyane cyane abasirikare, byari byaramenyeshejwe muri « ''Genocide Fax'' ». Iyo fagisi yoherejwe na Roméo Dallaire ku cyicaro cya Loni i New York ku wa 11 Mutarama 1994, hafi amezi atatu mbere y'uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangira.<ref name="dallaire" /> Ivuga ku kiganiro umwanditsi wayo yagiranye n'umuyobozi mu barwanyi b'[[Interahamwe]] wari uzi imigambi ya jenoside, kandi ni ikimenyetso cy'uko umuryango mpuzamahanga wananiwe gukumira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Ibice by'iyo « ''Genocide Fax'' » (mu Cyongereza): {{Quote|2. HE INFORMED US HE WAS IN CHARGE OF LAST SATURDAYS DEMONSTRATIONS WHICH AIMS WERE TO TARGET DEPUTIES OF OPPOSITION PARTIES COMING TO CEREMONIES AND BELGIAN SOLDIERS. THEY HOPED TO PROVOKE THE RPF BN TO ENGAGE (BEING FIRED UPON) THE DEMONSTRATORS AND PROVOKE A CIVIL WAR. DEPUTIES WERE TO BE ASSASSINATED UPON ENTRY OR EXIT FROM PARLIAMENT. BELGIAN TROOPS WERE TO BE PROVOKED AND IF BELGIANS SOLDIERS RESORTED TO FORCE A NUMBER OF THEM WERE TO BE KILLED AND THUS GUARANTEE BELGIAN WITHDRAWAL FROM RWANDA. 6. PRINCIPAL AIM OF INTERHAMWE IN THE PAST WAS TO PROTECT KIGALI FROM RPF. SINCE UNAMIR MANDATE HE HAS BEEN ORDERED TO REGISTER ALL TUTSI IN KIGALI. HE SUSPECTS IT IS FOR THEIR EXTERMINATION. EXAMPLE HE GAVE WAS THAT IN 20 MINUTES HIS PERSONNEL COULD KILL UP TO 1000 TUTSIS.}} == Uruhare rw'Ububiligi n'ingaruka == Muri Mata 1997, Sena y'Ububiligi yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho komisiyo y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yo gukora iperereza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Imyanzuro y'iyo raporo igaragaza cyane cyane uruhare rusange:<ref name="onu" /> {{Quote|Komisiyo yemera ko, uretse abayobozi b'Abanyarwanda, abayobozi ba politiki n'aba gisirikare b'Ububiligi, b'Umuryango w'Abibumbye n'umuryango mpuzamahanga wose muri rusange bafite uruhare, rutaziguye cyangwa ruziguye, mu bice bimwe by'ibyago byabaye mu Rwanda nyuma ya 6 Mata 1994. (...) Ni urusobe rw'ibihe, uburangare, isuzuma ribi n'amakosa byatumye ayo makuba aba.}} Mu ijambo ry'amateka ryo ku wa 7 Mata 2000, mu gihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 6 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Kigali, [[Guy Verhofstadt]] (wari Minisitiri w'Intebe icyo gihe) yemereye imbere y'Abanyarwanda uruhare rw'Ububiligi muri Jenoside yo mu 1994:<ref name="onu" /> {{Quote|Mu izina ry'igihugu cyanjye, nunamiye abazize jenoside. Mu izina ry'igihugu cyanjye, mu izina ry'abaturage banjye, ndabasaba imbabazi.}} == Ubutabera nyuma ya Jenoside == Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, urwego rw'ubutabera rw'u Rwanda, rwari rwarazahajwe cyane n'intambara, ntirwashoboraga kuburanisha mu buryo bwuzuye abakekwagaho jenoside (hafashwe abakekwa barenga 120&nbsp;000, mu gihe urwego rw'ubutabera rwashoboraga kuburanisha nka 1&nbsp;000 gusa ku mwaka).<ref name="onu" /> Ububiligi bwatanze umusanzu mu [[Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] (TPIR/ICTR), rwashyizweho na Loni (Ugushyingo 1994 – Ukuboza 2015) rukagira icyicaro i Arusha (Tanzaniya). Umusaruro warwo w'abantu 61 bahamijwe ibyaha wagiye unengwa.<ref name="onu" /> Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha imanza no gushyira mu bikorwa inzira y'ubwiyunge bw'igihugu, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho [[Inkiko Gacaca]], uburyo bw'ubutabera ku rwego rw'ibanze bushingiye ku mico gakondo.<ref name="onu" /> Nyuma yo kuburanisha imanza 1&nbsp;958&nbsp;634, Inkiko Gacaca zasojwe ku mugaragaro ku wa 18 Kamena 2012.<ref name="onu" /> Ububiligi ni cyo gihugu cya mbere cy'amahanga cyaburanishije kandi kigahamya ibyaha abakoze jenoside b'Abanyarwanda ku butaka bwacyo; imanza zaciwe n'inkiko z'igihugu z'Ububiligi zishingiye ku ihame ry'ububasha bw'inkiko ku isi yose (''compétence universelle'').<ref name="onu" /> === Urubanza rwa Butare Bane === Alphonse Higaniro, Vincent Ntezimana, Consolata Mukangango na Julienne Mukabutera bafatiwe ku butaka bw'Ububiligi bakurikiranyweho uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye muri Perefegitura ya Butare hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994. Bahamijwe ibyaha n'Urukiko rwa Rubanda (''Cour d'assises'') rw'i Buruseli ku wa 8 Kamena 2001 ([[Ikigeragezo cya Butare Bane]]), bakatirwa igifungo kiri hagati y'imyaka 12 na 20.<ref name="onu" /> === Urubanza rwa Bernard Ntuyahaga === [[Bernard Ntuyahaga]], wahoze ari Majoro mu Ngabo z'u Rwanda (FAR), yakatiwe ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2007 n'Urukiko rwa Rubanda rw'i Buruseli igifungo cy'imyaka 20 kubera iyicwa ry'abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi ba Loni, irya Minisitiri w'Intebe w'u Rwanda Agathe Uwilingiyimana n'iry'Abanyarwanda benshi, cyane cyane muri Perefegitura za Kigali na Butare. Amaze imyaka 20 muri gereza mu Bubiligi, Bernard Ntuyahaga yirukanywe asubizwa mu Rwanda mu Ukuboza 2018.<ref name="onu" /> Ibikorwa byo gukurikirana abandi bakekwaho jenoside byarakomeje.<ref name="onu" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] * [[Ibibanza by'urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|UNAMIR Belgian memorial in Kigali}} === Bibliyografiya === * Komisiyo y'iperereza y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Ububiligi * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abasirikare b'Ababiligi, Urwibutso rw'}} [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ft6cozw8oh4xp79drub2vymkcutjd0e 140421 140419 2026-09-30T09:07:26Z Score Beethoven 11559 /* Ingingo zijyanye */ 140421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi | image = [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 032 - The Belgian monument for ten murdered Belgian Blue Helmets of the United Nations 1994 - Kigali.jpg|280px]] | caption = Inkingi 10 z'urwibutso rw'abasirikare b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR i Kigali | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Kigali|Umujyi wa Kigali]] | label3 = Ubwoko | data3 = Urwibutso | label4 = Rwibuka | data4 = Abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR bishwe ku wa 7 Mata 1994 }} '''Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi''' (mu Gifaransa: ''Mémorial des gardiens de la paix Belges'') ni urwibutso ruri mu kigo cyahoze ari icya gisirikare cya ''Camp Kigali'' i [[Kigali]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Inkingi icumi zubatswe aho hantu zibutsa abasirikare icumi b'Ababiligi b'ingabo za [[MINUAR]] bishwe ku wa 7 Mata 1994, igihe ubwicanyi bwatangiraga mu ntangiriro za [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]]. == Aho ruherereye == Uru rwibutso ni rumwe mu nzibutso zitubatswe ku kibanza rusange. Ni kimwe mu bibanza byinshi byo kwibuka biri mu Rwanda, byibutsa [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]. Mu nzibutso z'igihugu harimo [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ntarama]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali]] n'[[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarubuye]].<ref name="unesco">{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Gisenyi, Murambi, Bisesero et Gisozi |url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/5753/ |website=UNESCO |language=en |access-date=2015-03-04}}</ref> Mu Rwanda habarurwa ibibanza by'urwibutso birenga 250 byanditswe, byibutsa Jenoside.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Gisenyi Genocide Memorial Site - Rwanda |url=https://www.gorillaugandasafaris.com/gisenyi-genocide-memorial-site/ |website=Gorilla Trekking Uganda |language=en |access-date=2022-12-16}}</ref> == Amateka n'imiterere y'ibihe == Mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950, mu gihe cy'ubwigenge bw'ibihugu byinshi by'Afurika, u Rwanda rwaranzwe n'ubwiyongere bw'amakimbirane mu muryango n'urugomo rushingiye ku moko. Ibyo byakomeje na nyuma y'uko igihugu kibona ubwigenge ku [[Ububiligi]] mu 1962.<ref name="onu">{{Cite web |title=Rapport de la commission indépendante d'enquête sur les actions de l'Organisation des Nations Unies lors du génocide de 1994 au Rwanda |url=https://documents-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N99/395/48/PDF/N9939548.pdf |website=Umuryango w'Abibumbye |language=fr}}</ref> Muri Kanama 1993, kubera imbaraga z'Umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika (OUA) n'iza guverinoma zo mu karere mu gushaka amahoro, isinywa ry'[[Amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha]] ryasaga n'irirangije intambara (yatangiye mu 1990) hagati ya guverinoma y'u Rwanda y'icyo gihe na [[FPR Inkotanyi|FPR]].<ref name="onu" /> Mu Ukwakira 1993, Akanama k'Umutekano ka Loni kashyizeho Ubutumwa bw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bwo gufasha u Rwanda ([[MINUAR]]), bwari bufite inshingano zo kubungabunga amahoro, gutanga ubufasha bw'ubutabazi no gushyigikira muri rusange inzira y'amahoro.<ref name="onu" /> Ku wa 6 Mata 1994, urupfu rw'Abaperezida b'u Burundi n'u Rwanda, mu ndege yahanuwe na misile, rwabaye imbarutso ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari imaze amezi menshi itegurwa.<ref name="onu" /> Abishwe bagereranywa na miliyoni imwe. Mu gihe kitageze ku isaha igice nyuma y'uko indege ihanuka, bariyeri zagenzurwaga n'abarwanyi b'Abahutu, akenshi bafashijwe na [[Jandarumori y'u Rwanda|jandarumori]] cyangwa abasirikare, zarashyizweho kugira ngo zitahure Abatutsi zibice.<ref name="onu" /> Ku wa 7 Mata, [[Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines]] (RTLM) yatangaje ikiganiro gishinja FPR n'abasirikare b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR kuba ari bo bahanuye indege, itangira gushishikariza Abahutu kurimbura « inyenzi z'Abatutsi ».<ref name="onu" /> Nyuma y'aho kuri uwo munsi, Minisitiri w'Intebe [[Agathe Uwilingiyimana]] n'abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi b'ingabo za Loni zishinzwe kubungabunga amahoro bari bashinzwe kumurinda bishwe bunyamaswa n'abasirikare ba guverinoma y'u Rwanda. Nyuma y'iyicwa ry'abasirikare bayo, Ububiligi bwafashe icyemezo cyo gucyura ingabo zabwo za Loni.<ref name="onu" /> == Uko byagenze ku wa 6 n'uwa 7 Mata 1994 ku ruhande rw'abasirikare ba 2e Commando == <div class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="border:1px solid #a2a9b1; padding:0.5em;"> '''Uko byagenze ku wa 6 n'uwa 7 Mata 1994 ku ruhande rw'abasirikare ba 2e Commando''' <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> 6 Mata, saa 20:30: Indege yari igeze ku kibuga cy'indege cya Kigali, itwaye Perezida w'u Rwanda [[Juvénal Habyarimana]] na Perezida w'u Burundi Cyprien Ntaryamira, yahanuwe na misile zirasirwa ku butaka, hapfa kandi abaminisitiri babiri b'u Burundi, umugaba mukuru w'ingabo z'u Rwanda, abandi bayobozi n'abakozi b'indege b'Abafaransa.<ref name="onu" /> Agahenge karahagaze mu buryo butunguranye. Ibihuha bikwirakwira ko Ababiligi ari bo bahanuye indege ya Perezida.<ref name="onu" /> Saa 22:00: Hashyizweho komite ishinzwe ibibazo byihutirwa. Jenerali [[Roméo Dallaire]], umuyobozi w'ingabo za MINUAR, ajya mu nama asangamo Koloneli [[Théoneste Bagosora]], umuyobozi w'ibiro bya Minisitiri w'Ingabo.<ref name="dallaire">{{Cite book |author=Roméo Dallaire |title=J'ai serré la main du diable |publisher=Libre Expression |year=2003 |language=fr}}</ref> Icyifuzo cy'uko Minisitiri w'Intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana, ubundi wari ku isonga mu murongo w'abasimbura, yageza ijambo ku gihugu, cyaranzwe.<ref name="onu" /> 7 Mata, saa 01:18: Nyamara, ku itegeko rya Jenerali Dallaire, umuyobozi wa MINUAR ushinzwe agace ka Kigali, Koloneli [[Luc Marchal]], ashinga batayo ya 2 ya Commando y'Ababiligi guherekeza Minisitiri w'Intebe kuri Radiyo Rwanda no kurinda aho hantu.<ref name="dallaire" /> Yagombaga kugeza ijambo ku gihugu saa 05:30.<ref name="onu" /> Liyetona-Koloneli Joseph Dewez, umuyobozi wa batayo, agaragaza gushidikanya kuri ubwo butumwa mu bihe byari bikomeye cyane.<ref name="onu" /> Saa 02:16: Liyetona Thierry Lotin, wari ufite itsinda ry'abasirikare ba Mortiers ba batayo ya 2 ya Commando ku kibuga cy'indege n'amajipe yabo abiri bagiye gushyiramo lisansi, ahabwa ubwo butumwa. Agomba gufata amajipe ane (inshuro ebyiri z'iherekeza risanzwe).<ref name="onu" /> Saa 03:19: Mu nzira ajya gusohoza ubwo butumwa, Liyetona Lotin ahagarikwa kuri bariyeri, kuri kilometero imwe gusa uvuye mu rugo rwa Minisitiri w'Intebe. Atakaza igihe kinini aganira kandi ategereje umusirikare w'u Rwanda ushinzwe guhuza ibikorwa utigeze uza. Saa 05:12: Liyetona Lotin amaherezo ayoborwa mu wundi muhanda. Mu mujyi hose humvikana amasasu ahandi n'ahandi. Saa 05:42: Amajipe y'itsinda rya Mortiers agera aho yagombaga kujya. Abasirikare bahura n'abasirikare batanu ba MINUAR bo muri Ghana n'abajandarume batanu b'Abanyarwanda bari bashinzwe umutekano wa Minisitiri w'Intebe. Ako kanya, abasirikare b'u Rwanda bafite imodoka z'intambara n'abarinzi ba Perezida bagota aho bari, barasa ku rugo. Saa 05:47: Liyetona Lotin asuzuma uko ibintu bimeze. Ubutumwa bwo guherekeza Minisitiri w'Intebe kuri radiyo buhagarikwa. Itsinda rya Liyetona Lotin ntiryirwanaho, kuko abasirikare b'u Rwanda batari babarasaho. Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez na we ababwira kutarasa. Saa 06:03: Itsinda rimenyesha ko amajipe yaryo yangijwe. Saa 06:55: Abasirikare b'u Rwanda bategeka itsinda gushyira hasi intwaro no kwitanga. Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez agira inama Liyetona Lotin yo kutabikora, ahubwo agashaka ibiganiro. Saa 07:00: Umuyobozi wa kompanyi ya 2e Commando, wari nko ku birometero bibiri uvuye mu rugo rwa Minisitiri w'Intebe, asaba gutabara n'itsinda ryongerewe imbaraga. Ubuyobozi bwa batayo bwanga icyo cyifuzo. Saa 07:40: Minisitiri w'Intebe ahungira mu nzu yari hafi aho, aherekejwe n'abajandarume. Nyuma (saa 11:45), we n'umugabo we bavumbuwe n'itsinda ry'Abarinzi ba Perezida, baricwa. Saa 08:44: Liyetona Lotin amenyesha ubugome bw'abasirikare b'u Rwanda bamukikije. Batayo ya 2 isaba amabwiriza Koloneli Marchal, wumvaga ibiganiro kuri radiyo ya batayo. Saa 08:49: Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez asubiramo ko itsinda ridakwiye gushyira hasi intwaro, ariko bikaba byatinze: abasirikare bane bari bamaze kwamburwa intwaro no kuryamishwa hasi. Liyetona Lotin yitanga abyemerewe n'ubuyobozi bwa batayo n'ubw'agace. Itsinda ry'Ababiligi n'abasirikare bo muri Ghana bafatwa mpiri na Majoro [[Bernard Ntuyahaga]] wo mu biro bikuru by'ingabo z'u Rwanda. Batwarwa muri minibisi. Ahagana saa 09:00: Bagera i ''Camp Kigali'', ikigo cya gisirikare cy'u Rwanda kitari kure y'aho. Akigerayo, Liyetona Lotin ahura na Kapiteni Kodjo Apedo, ku biro bya Loni byari hafi aho. Uwo kapiteni yari umusirikare wa MINUAR ukomoka muri Togo, ushinzwe guhuza ibikorwa muri icyo kigo. Muri ako kanya, Majoro Ntuyahaga akwirakwiza ibihuha ko izo mfungwa z'Ababiligi ari zo zahanuye indege ya Perezida, akabyutsa uburakari bw'abasirikare b'u Rwanda bari aho. Imbaga yitwaje imigongo y'imbunda, amabuye n'imbunda, itangira gukubita no kwica izo mfungwa zitari zitwaje intwaro. Saa 09:06: Liyetona abasha kuvugana bwa nyuma n'abamukuriye kugira ngo abamenyeshe ibibazo arimo, akoresheje radiyo ya kapiteni wo muri Togo. Saa 09:08: Liyetona-Koloneli Dewez asaba ubuyobozi bw'agace ubufasha bwo gutabara. Koloneli Marchal amenyesha umwe mu bagize ibiro bya Jenerali Dallaire, asaba ko icyo kibazo kizaganirwaho n'abayobozi b'u Rwanda mu nama yari iteganyijwe saa 10:00.<ref name="dallaire" /> Hagati aho, abasirikare bane ba Liyetona Lotin bapfa bazize inkoni n'ibyuma by'imbunda (''baïonnettes''). Abandi, bakomeretse bikabije, bacika iyo mbaga bagera kuri Liyetona Lotin mu biro bya Loni. Bafungirana imbere batangira kwirwanaho ngo barokore ubuzima bwabo. Imyigaragambyo y'abasirikare (''mutinerie'') i ''Camp Kigali'' iba yose igihe abasirikare b'u Rwanda bamena ububiko bw'intwaro bw'ikigo kugira ngo bitwaze intwaro. Ibiro birasirwaho cyane, maze undi musirikare wa Para-Commando w'Umubiligi arapfa. Mu gihe igitero cyari gihagaze gato, Kapiteni Apedo n'abasirikare batanu bo muri Ghana bakurwa muri ibyo biro. Mbere gato ya saa 10:00: Jenerali Dallaire ava ku cyicaro cye ajya mu nama. Amara isaha mu nzira. Amenyeshwa ikibazo kirebana n'abasirikare b'Ababiligi ba MINUAR.<ref name="dallaire" /> Saa 10:40: Umusirikare w'u Rwanda ushaka kwinjira mu biro yamburwa intwaro akicwa na Liyetona Lotin wari wasigaranye pisitori ye. Habaho kurasana. Abasirikare b'u Rwanda barakomereka abandi barapfa. Saa 10:50: Ajya mu nama, Jenerali Dallaire anyura imbere y'irembo rya ''Camp Kigali'', kuri metero 30 gusa uvuye aho ibyo byaberaga. Abona imirambo y'abasirikare ba MINUAR iri hasi. Ategeka ko imodoka ihagarara, ariko umushoferi we w'Umunyarwanda aranga, amubwira ko bari mu kaga kuko hari imyigaragambyo y'abasirikare.<ref name="dallaire" /> Saa 10:55: Jenerali Dallaire agera aho inama yabereye, kuri metero 200 gusa uvuye aho ibyo byaberaga, ahahurira na Kapiteni Apedo n'abasirikare bo muri Ghana bari bemerewe kuva mu kigo.<ref name="dallaire" /> Bamumenyesha ibibera i ''Camp Kigali''. Igitangaje ni uko Jenerali Dallaire nta gikorwa na kimwe yakoze ngo akemure icyo kibazo. Ntiyanakivuzeho mu nama yamaze kugeza saa 12:15. Nk'uko yabyanditse mu gitabo cye ''J'ai serré la main du diable'', yageragezaga gusobanukirwa n'uko ibintu byari bimeze. Ahagana saa 13:00: Ibyuka biryana mu maso n'ibisasu bya gerenade bijugunywa binyuze mu mwobo wo ku gisenge. Ibyo bishyira iherezo ku kwirwanaho gutangaje kw'aba Para-Commandos b'Ababiligi.<ref name="onu" /> Nyuma ya saa sita, imirambo yabo yasahuwe kandi igacibwa ibice ijyanwa mu buruhukiro bw'ibitaro bya Kigali, igerekeranywa. Nimugoroba, Jenerali Dallaire ajya ku bitaro. Ntiyabasha kumenya umubare w'abasirikare be bapfuye.<ref name="dallaire" /> </div> </div> == Kwibuka Ababiligi bishwe == Nk'uko bivugwa mu mwanzuro wa 2150 w'Akanama k'Umutekano k'Umuryango w'Abibumbye (wemejwe n'abagize akanama bose mu 2014), werekeye gukumira no kurwanya jenoside, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yahitanye abantu bagera kuri miliyoni mu minsi 100. Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, n'Abahutu n'abandi bantu barwanyaga jenoside barishwe.<ref name="onu" /> [[Dosiye:ASC Leiden - Rwanda 2021 - 032 - The Belgian monument for ten murdered Belgian Blue Helmets of the United Nations 1994 - Kigali.jpg|left|thumb|Inkingi z'Urwibutso rw'Abasirikare b'Ababiligi i ''Camp Kigali'']] Ububiligi bwo bubabazwa n'abantu 22 bwabuze: '''abasirikare 10 b'ingabo za Loni bari bashinzwe kurinda Minisitiri w'Intebe Agathe Uwilingiyimana''' (na we wishwe), n'abasivili 12 bishwe ahanini kubera ko bari Ababiligi.<ref name="onu" /> === Urutonde rw'Ababiligi 22 bishwe mu 1994 === Christine André | '''Bruno Bassinne'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hommages - Hulden |url=https://bel-memorial.org/tribute/tribute_1.php?INDIVIDUALS_ID=80753&RECOUP=80753 |website=bel-memorial.org |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Note de synthèse du conseil communal du 3 septembre 2024 |url=https://www.namur.be/fr/ma-ville/vie-politique/conseil-communal/seances-du-conseil/03-09-2024/note-synthese-cc20240903-ville.pdf |website=Ville de Namur |language=fr}}</ref> | Claire Beckers-Bucyana | Katia Bucyana | Albert Craemers | '''Alain Debatty''' | Olivier Dulieu | '''Christophe Dupont''' | Michel Gigi | Antoine Godfriaux | Paul Kesenne | '''Yannick Leroy''' | Hélène Laveque | '''Stéphane Lhoir''' | '''Thierry Lotin''' | '''Bruno Meaux''' | '''Louis Plescia''' | '''Christophe Renwa''' | Annie Roland-Mugwaneza | Etienne Staelgraeve | '''Marc Uyttebroeck''' | Paul Van Vynckt<ref name="onu" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda : 1994 -2024 |url=https://beldefnews.mil.be/rwanda-1994-2024/?lang=fr |website=beldefnews.mil.be |language=fr |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=De quoi sont morts nos soldats? |url=https://www.dhnet.be/archives-journal/2007/04/01/de-quoi-sont-morts-nos-soldats-YVBOM23H4BARTIUMVSBOS2E3ZE/ |website=DHnet |language=fr |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Frédéric Crahay |title=Rwanda 1994 : Chronique d’un génocide en direct |journal=Témoigner. Entre histoire et mémoire |issue=128 |pages=4–5 |date=2019-04-02 |issn=2031-4183 |doi=10.4000/temoigner.8095 |url=https://journals.openedition.org/temoigner/8095 |language=fr |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref> Icyapa cyo kwibuka cya guverinoma y'Ububiligi n'amabuye 10 yo kwibuka byashyizweho ku wa 7 Mata 2000 mu rwego rwo kwibuka '''abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi bishwe''' i Kigali ku wa 7 Mata 1994, bari mu butumwa bw'amahoro mu Rwanda.<ref name="onu" /> Icyubahiro cyahawe na guverinoma y'Ububiligi, ku wa 7 Mata 2000.<ref name="onu" /> === Uruhare rw'itangazamakuru ry'urwango === Bagaragazwa nk'ibyitso bya FPR cyangwa nk'abagize uruhare mu iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana, Ababiligi bari mu banyamahanga bibasiwe cyane n'icengezamatwara ry'« itangazamakuru ry'urwango », cyane cyane [[Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines]] (RTLM) n'ikinyamakuru [[Kangura]].<ref>{{Cite web |author=Bernard-Alexandre Merkel |title=The Rwandan Genocide: The Guilty Bystanders |url=https://www.e-ir.info/2010/01/14/the-rwandan-genocide-the-guilty-bystanders/ |website=E-International Relations |date=2010-01-14 |language=en |access-date=2024-11-03}}</ref> Itegurwa ry'itsembatsemba ry'Abatutsi ndetse n'umugambi wo kwibasira Ababiligi, cyane cyane abasirikare, byari byaramenyeshejwe muri « ''Genocide Fax'' ». Iyo fagisi yoherejwe na Roméo Dallaire ku cyicaro cya Loni i New York ku wa 11 Mutarama 1994, hafi amezi atatu mbere y'uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangira.<ref name="dallaire" /> Ivuga ku kiganiro umwanditsi wayo yagiranye n'umuyobozi mu barwanyi b'[[Interahamwe]] wari uzi imigambi ya jenoside, kandi ni ikimenyetso cy'uko umuryango mpuzamahanga wananiwe gukumira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Ibice by'iyo « ''Genocide Fax'' » (mu Cyongereza): {{Quote|2. HE INFORMED US HE WAS IN CHARGE OF LAST SATURDAYS DEMONSTRATIONS WHICH AIMS WERE TO TARGET DEPUTIES OF OPPOSITION PARTIES COMING TO CEREMONIES AND BELGIAN SOLDIERS. THEY HOPED TO PROVOKE THE RPF BN TO ENGAGE (BEING FIRED UPON) THE DEMONSTRATORS AND PROVOKE A CIVIL WAR. DEPUTIES WERE TO BE ASSASSINATED UPON ENTRY OR EXIT FROM PARLIAMENT. BELGIAN TROOPS WERE TO BE PROVOKED AND IF BELGIANS SOLDIERS RESORTED TO FORCE A NUMBER OF THEM WERE TO BE KILLED AND THUS GUARANTEE BELGIAN WITHDRAWAL FROM RWANDA. 6. PRINCIPAL AIM OF INTERHAMWE IN THE PAST WAS TO PROTECT KIGALI FROM RPF. SINCE UNAMIR MANDATE HE HAS BEEN ORDERED TO REGISTER ALL TUTSI IN KIGALI. HE SUSPECTS IT IS FOR THEIR EXTERMINATION. EXAMPLE HE GAVE WAS THAT IN 20 MINUTES HIS PERSONNEL COULD KILL UP TO 1000 TUTSIS.}} == Uruhare rw'Ububiligi n'ingaruka == Muri Mata 1997, Sena y'Ububiligi yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyiraho komisiyo y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko yo gukora iperereza kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda. Imyanzuro y'iyo raporo igaragaza cyane cyane uruhare rusange:<ref name="onu" /> {{Quote|Komisiyo yemera ko, uretse abayobozi b'Abanyarwanda, abayobozi ba politiki n'aba gisirikare b'Ububiligi, b'Umuryango w'Abibumbye n'umuryango mpuzamahanga wose muri rusange bafite uruhare, rutaziguye cyangwa ruziguye, mu bice bimwe by'ibyago byabaye mu Rwanda nyuma ya 6 Mata 1994. (...) Ni urusobe rw'ibihe, uburangare, isuzuma ribi n'amakosa byatumye ayo makuba aba.}} Mu ijambo ry'amateka ryo ku wa 7 Mata 2000, mu gihe cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 6 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Kigali, [[Guy Verhofstadt]] (wari Minisitiri w'Intebe icyo gihe) yemereye imbere y'Abanyarwanda uruhare rw'Ububiligi muri Jenoside yo mu 1994:<ref name="onu" /> {{Quote|Mu izina ry'igihugu cyanjye, nunamiye abazize jenoside. Mu izina ry'igihugu cyanjye, mu izina ry'abaturage banjye, ndabasaba imbabazi.}} == Ubutabera nyuma ya Jenoside == Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, urwego rw'ubutabera rw'u Rwanda, rwari rwarazahajwe cyane n'intambara, ntirwashoboraga kuburanisha mu buryo bwuzuye abakekwagaho jenoside (hafashwe abakekwa barenga 120&nbsp;000, mu gihe urwego rw'ubutabera rwashoboraga kuburanisha nka 1&nbsp;000 gusa ku mwaka).<ref name="onu" /> Ububiligi bwatanze umusanzu mu [[Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriweho u Rwanda]] (TPIR/ICTR), rwashyizweho na Loni (Ugushyingo 1994 – Ukuboza 2015) rukagira icyicaro i Arusha (Tanzaniya). Umusaruro warwo w'abantu 61 bahamijwe ibyaha wagiye unengwa.<ref name="onu" /> Mu rwego rwo kwihutisha imanza no gushyira mu bikorwa inzira y'ubwiyunge bw'igihugu, guverinoma y'u Rwanda yashyizeho [[Inkiko Gacaca]], uburyo bw'ubutabera ku rwego rw'ibanze bushingiye ku mico gakondo.<ref name="onu" /> Nyuma yo kuburanisha imanza 1&nbsp;958&nbsp;634, Inkiko Gacaca zasojwe ku mugaragaro ku wa 18 Kamena 2012.<ref name="onu" /> Ububiligi ni cyo gihugu cya mbere cy'amahanga cyaburanishije kandi kigahamya ibyaha abakoze jenoside b'Abanyarwanda ku butaka bwacyo; imanza zaciwe n'inkiko z'igihugu z'Ububiligi zishingiye ku ihame ry'ububasha bw'inkiko ku isi yose (''compétence universelle'').<ref name="onu" /> === Urubanza rwa Butare Bane === Alphonse Higaniro, Vincent Ntezimana, Consolata Mukangango na Julienne Mukabutera bafatiwe ku butaka bw'Ububiligi bakurikiranyweho uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye muri Perefegitura ya Butare hagati ya Mata na Nyakanga 1994. Bahamijwe ibyaha n'Urukiko rwa Rubanda (''Cour d'assises'') rw'i Buruseli ku wa 8 Kamena 2001 ([[Ikigeragezo cya Butare Bane]]), bakatirwa igifungo kiri hagati y'imyaka 12 na 20.<ref name="onu" /> === Urubanza rwa Bernard Ntuyahaga === [[Bernard Ntuyahaga]], wahoze ari Majoro mu Ngabo z'u Rwanda (FAR), yakatiwe ku wa 5 Nyakanga 2007 n'Urukiko rwa Rubanda rw'i Buruseli igifungo cy'imyaka 20 kubera iyicwa ry'abasirikare 10 b'Ababiligi ba Loni, irya Minisitiri w'Intebe w'u Rwanda Agathe Uwilingiyimana n'iry'Abanyarwanda benshi, cyane cyane muri Perefegitura za Kigali na Butare. Amaze imyaka 20 muri gereza mu Bubiligi, Bernard Ntuyahaga yirukanywe asubizwa mu Rwanda mu Ukuboza 2018.<ref name="onu" /> Ibikorwa byo gukurikirana abandi bakekwaho jenoside byarakomeje.<ref name="onu" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|UNAMIR Belgian memorial in Kigali}} === Bibliyografiya === * Komisiyo y'iperereza y'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y'Ububiligi * {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Abasirikare b'Ababiligi, Urwibutso rw'}} [[Ikiciro:Umujyi wa Kigali]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] ejpi4tspy3ryxdriadupkd278l3qjrg 0 23170 140420 2026-09-30T09:02:38Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi | image = [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kamonyi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Gacurabwenge | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = Itsemba..." 140420 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi | image = [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kamonyi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Gacurabwenge | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rwibutsa Abatutsi biciwe muri ako gace mu 1994, imibiri yabo ikaba yarakusanyijwe igashyingurwa aho. Imibiri y'abazize Jenoside isaga 47&nbsp;000 ishyinguye mu mva rusange z'urwibutso rwa Kamonyi, rwubatswe ku muhanda Kigali–Huye, mu gace ka Kibuza. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial18.jpg|left|thumb|Inzira igana ku rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Kibuza, mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, ari na wo cyicaro cy'Akarere ka Kamonyi, iruhande rw'umuhanda wa kaburimbo Kigali–Muhanga (umuhanda Kigali–Huye).<ref name="Ecobank2021">{{Cite news |title=Rwanda: Ecobank Rwanda Staff Contribute Towards Revamping Kamonyi Genocide Memorial |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202104270243.html |work=The New Times (AllAfrica) |date=2021-04-27 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Ruri hafi y'ibiro by'Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge, kandi ruroroshye kugerwaho uturutse i Kigali. === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mbere ya 1994, agace ka Kamonyi kari muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Ubushakashatsi bwa Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) bugaragaza ko ari hamwe mu hantu abayobozi ba komini n'ab'igihugu bakanguriye abaturage gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |author=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG) |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |publisher=CNLG |date=January 2021 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Ubuhamya bwatanzwe nyuma ya Jenoside buvuga ko Abatutsi birukanwaga muri paruwasi no ku masoko byo hafi bakajyanwa mu gace ka Kibuza, aho ibitero by'Interahamwe n'abasirikare byahitanye benshi; imibiri yabo nyuma yimuriwe mu rwibutso rwa Kamonyi.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Urwibutso rwa Kamonyi ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside zabaruwe na CNLG, nyuma na Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'Inshingano Mboneragihugu (MINUBUMWE), hamwe n'izindi nka [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] cyangwa [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]].<ref name="CNLG2021" /> == Amateka == Nyuma ya Jenoside, abarokotse n'imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, bafashijwe n'inzego z'ibanze n'umuryango w'abarokotse Ibuka, bakusanyirije ku musozi wa Kibuza imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu gace ka Musambira, Gacurabwenge n'amakomini ahakikije.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Aho hantu hagiye hatunganywa buhoro buhoro hahinduka urwibutso rufite imva rusange zubakishijwe amatafari, imva z'abantu benshi n'ahantu ho kunamira.<ref name="BOA2019">{{Cite web |title=Bank of Africa staff honor genocide victims at Kamonyi genocide memorial |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/bank-of-africa-staff-honor-genocide-victims-at |website=IGIHE |date=2019-05-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Hagati mu myaka ya 2000, umuryango w'Abongereza Survivors Fund (SURF) watanze inkunga yo kubaka, hafi y'urwibutso, inyubako igenewe ibikorwa byo kwibuka no kubika inyandiko.<ref name="Ecobank2021" /><ref name="SURF2015">{{Cite web |title=Research Centre |url=https://survivors-fund.org.uk/news/commemoration/research-centre/ |website=Survivors Fund (SURF) |date=2015-07-30 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Mu 2015, iyo nyubako yashyikirijwe ku mugaragaro Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) kugira ngo ikoreshwe nk'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="SURF2015" /> [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial15.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda (Kanama 2025)]] Mu 2025, MINUBUMWE yatangaje ko i Kamonyi hagiye gufungurwa ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ububiko bw'inyandiko n'ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kizifashisha ibikorwaremezo bisanzwe biri mu karere, kigatuma Kamonyi iba ihuriro ry'ubushakashatsi no kwibuka.<ref name="KTP2025">{{Cite web |title=New State-of-the-Art Genocide History Center Opens October in Kamonyi |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/06/new-state-of-the-art-genocide-history-center-opens-october-in-kamonyi/ |website=KT Press |date=2025-06-19 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Kamonyi rugizwe n'imva rusange zubakishijwe beto, zishyinguyemo imibiri y'ibihumbi by'abazize Jenoside yakuwe ahantu hatandukanye muri ako gace, cyane cyane mu cyahoze ari Komini Musambira.<ref name="Ecobank2021" /><ref name="CNLG2021" /> Hari amabuye n'ibimenyetso byibutsa ubwicanyi bwabereye mu gace ka Kibuza no mu mirenge ihakikije, ndetse n'urwibutso rw'Abatutsi bo mu Karere ka Kamonyi.<ref name="BOA2019" /> Urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', gusurwa n'amatsinda y'abanyeshuri, n'intumwa z'ibigo bya Leta n'iby'abikorera bahategurira ibikorwa by'uburere mboneragihugu no kwibuka.<ref name="BOA2019" /><ref name="Ecobank2021" /> Inyubako y'ubushakashatsi yubatswe na SURF igashyikirizwa CNLG ikoreshwa mu mahugurwa, mu nama z'abarokotse no mu bikorwa byo kwandika amateka bijyanye no gukumira Jenoside.<ref name="SURF2015" /><ref name="KTP2025" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabgayi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kamonyi Genocide Memorial}} * {{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021. * Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de la Culture, 1996. * Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda », ''Afrique contemporaine'', no 238, 2011. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamonyi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kamonyi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] r2kq9lzp6yn23tbcfxmrp1o6ofga3a1 140422 140420 2026-09-30T09:11:27Z Score Beethoven 11559 Guhindura ihuza: Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994 → Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994 140422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi | image = [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]] | caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi (Kanama 2025) | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]] | label2 = Intara | data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]] | label3 = Akarere | data3 = [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kamonyi]] | label4 = Umurenge | data4 = Gacurabwenge | label5 = Ubwoko | data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label6 = Rwibuka | data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]]. Rwibutsa Abatutsi biciwe muri ako gace mu 1994, imibiri yabo ikaba yarakusanyijwe igashyingurwa aho. Imibiri y'abazize Jenoside isaga 47&nbsp;000 ishyinguye mu mva rusange z'urwibutso rwa Kamonyi, rwubatswe ku muhanda Kigali–Huye, mu gace ka Kibuza. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial18.jpg|left|thumb|Inzira igana ku rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]] Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Kibuza, mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, ari na wo cyicaro cy'Akarere ka Kamonyi, iruhande rw'umuhanda wa kaburimbo Kigali–Muhanga (umuhanda Kigali–Huye).<ref name="Ecobank2021">{{Cite news |title=Rwanda: Ecobank Rwanda Staff Contribute Towards Revamping Kamonyi Genocide Memorial |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202104270243.html |work=The New Times (AllAfrica) |date=2021-04-27 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Ruri hafi y'ibiro by'Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge, kandi ruroroshye kugerwaho uturutse i Kigali. === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Mbere ya 1994, agace ka Kamonyi kari muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Ubushakashatsi bwa Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) bugaragaza ko ari hamwe mu hantu abayobozi ba komini n'ab'igihugu bakanguriye abaturage gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="CNLG2021">{{Cite web |author=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG) |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |publisher=CNLG |date=January 2021 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Ubuhamya bwatanzwe nyuma ya Jenoside buvuga ko Abatutsi birukanwaga muri paruwasi no ku masoko byo hafi bakajyanwa mu gace ka Kibuza, aho ibitero by'Interahamwe n'abasirikare byahitanye benshi; imibiri yabo nyuma yimuriwe mu rwibutso rwa Kamonyi.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Urwibutso rwa Kamonyi ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside zabaruwe na CNLG, nyuma na Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'Inshingano Mboneragihugu (MINUBUMWE), hamwe n'izindi nka [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] cyangwa [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]].<ref name="CNLG2021" /> == Amateka == Nyuma ya Jenoside, abarokotse n'imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, bafashijwe n'inzego z'ibanze n'umuryango w'abarokotse Ibuka, bakusanyirije ku musozi wa Kibuza imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu gace ka Musambira, Gacurabwenge n'amakomini ahakikije.<ref name="CNLG2021" /> Aho hantu hagiye hatunganywa buhoro buhoro hahinduka urwibutso rufite imva rusange zubakishijwe amatafari, imva z'abantu benshi n'ahantu ho kunamira.<ref name="BOA2019">{{Cite web |title=Bank of Africa staff honor genocide victims at Kamonyi genocide memorial |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/bank-of-africa-staff-honor-genocide-victims-at |website=IGIHE |date=2019-05-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Hagati mu myaka ya 2000, umuryango w'Abongereza Survivors Fund (SURF) watanze inkunga yo kubaka, hafi y'urwibutso, inyubako igenewe ibikorwa byo kwibuka no kubika inyandiko.<ref name="Ecobank2021" /><ref name="SURF2015">{{Cite web |title=Research Centre |url=https://survivors-fund.org.uk/news/commemoration/research-centre/ |website=Survivors Fund (SURF) |date=2015-07-30 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> Mu 2015, iyo nyubako yashyikirijwe ku mugaragaro Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) kugira ngo ikoreshwe nk'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="SURF2015" /> [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial15.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda (Kanama 2025)]] Mu 2025, MINUBUMWE yatangaje ko i Kamonyi hagiye gufungurwa ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ububiko bw'inyandiko n'ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kizifashisha ibikorwaremezo bisanzwe biri mu karere, kigatuma Kamonyi iba ihuriro ry'ubushakashatsi no kwibuka.<ref name="KTP2025">{{Cite web |title=New State-of-the-Art Genocide History Center Opens October in Kamonyi |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/06/new-state-of-the-art-genocide-history-center-opens-october-in-kamonyi/ |website=KT Press |date=2025-06-19 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Kamonyi rugizwe n'imva rusange zubakishijwe beto, zishyinguyemo imibiri y'ibihumbi by'abazize Jenoside yakuwe ahantu hatandukanye muri ako gace, cyane cyane mu cyahoze ari Komini Musambira.<ref name="Ecobank2021" /><ref name="CNLG2021" /> Hari amabuye n'ibimenyetso byibutsa ubwicanyi bwabereye mu gace ka Kibuza no mu mirenge ihakikije, ndetse n'urwibutso rw'Abatutsi bo mu Karere ka Kamonyi.<ref name="BOA2019" /> Urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', gusurwa n'amatsinda y'abanyeshuri, n'intumwa z'ibigo bya Leta n'iby'abikorera bahategurira ibikorwa by'uburere mboneragihugu no kwibuka.<ref name="BOA2019" /><ref name="Ecobank2021" /> Inyubako y'ubushakashatsi yubatswe na SURF igashyikirizwa CNLG ikoreshwa mu mahugurwa, mu nama z'abarokotse no mu bikorwa byo kwandika amateka bijyanye no gukumira Jenoside.<ref name="SURF2015" /><ref name="KTP2025" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabgayi]] === Ihuza ryo hanze === {{Commonscat|Kamonyi Genocide Memorial}} * {{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en}} === Ibitabo === * Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021. * Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de la Culture, 1996. * Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda », ''Afrique contemporaine'', no 238, 2011. {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kamonyi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kamonyi]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] pu0p967q3lw7iooae4xa8btl6m6z084 0 23171 140584 2026-09-30T09:53:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Uganda]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Mpigi | label3 = Aho ruherereye | data3 = Ggolo | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye i Ggo..." 140584 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Uganda]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Mpigi | label3 = Aho ruherereye | data3 = Ggolo | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye i Ggolo, mu karere ka Mpigi, muri [[Uganda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yatembanywe n'imigezi yo mu Rwanda, hanyuma ikagera mu [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoriya]], mbere yo gukurwamo igashyingurwa ku butaka bwa Uganda. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Ggolo, mu karere ka Mpigi, ku nkombe za Uganda z'ikiyaga cya Victoriya. Ni rumwe mu hantu hashyinguwe muri Uganda abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imibiri yabo yabonetse imaze gutembanwa n'amazi ikagera mu kiyaga cya Victoriya.<ref name="HCR2024">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Against the Tutsi, 30 years later - Kwibuka 30 |url=https://www.rwandainuganda.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/genocide-against-the-tutsi-30-years-later-kwibuka-30 |website=High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Uganda |date=2024-05-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abishwe bajugunywaga mu migezi, irimo [[Nyabarongo]] n'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|Akagera]], yisuka mu kibaya cy'ikiyaga cya Victoriya. Imibiri yaje kuboneka mu mazi no ku nkombe za Uganda z'icyo kiyaga.<ref name="HCR2022">{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka28: Rwandans in Uganda commemorate with call to fight genocide denial |url=https://www.rwandainuganda.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/kwibuka28-rwandans-in-uganda-commemorate-with-call-to-fight-genocide-denial |website=High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Uganda |date=2022-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Muri Uganda habarurwa ahantu hatatu ho gushyingura no kwibukira abo bazize Jenoside: Ggolo, mu karere ka Mpigi, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu|Lambu]], mu karere ka Masaka, na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero|Kasensero]], mu karere ka Rakai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide victims honoured in Uganda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/71009/National/genocide-victims-honoured-in-uganda |website=The New Times |date=2012-04-09 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> == Amateka == === Jenoside yo mu 1994 === Mu 1994, muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abantu bicirwaga mu Rwanda hanyuma bakajugunywa mu migezi. Amazi yatwaye imibiri ayigeza mu kiyaga cya Victoriya, igera ku nkombe zitandukanye za Uganda. Inzego z'ubuyobozi n'abaturage bo muri ako gace bagize uruhare mu kuyikuramo no kuyishyingura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorial Site, Ggolo |url=https://aidchild.org/genocidememorial/ |website=AidChild |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ahantu ha Ggolo hafitanye isano n'ibyo bikorwa byo gushyingura byabereye muri Uganda, ku bazize Jenoside akenshi batashoboraga kumenyekana umwe ku wundi. Habungabunga urwibutso rw'abantu biciwe mu Rwanda bagashyingurwa hanze y'ubutaka bw'u Rwanda kubera ko imibiri yabo yatwawe n'amazi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda still hunting for perpetuators of 1994 genocide |url=https://observer.ug/news/rwanda-still-hunting-for-perpetuators-of-1994-genocide/ |website=The Observer |date=2024-04-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> === Ishyirwaho n'iterambere ry'urwibutso === Urwibutso rwa Ggolo ruri mu nzibutso eshatu zo muri Uganda zagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi babonetse mu kiyaga cya Victoriya. Nk'uko Ambasade y'u Rwanda muri Uganda ibivuga, muri izo nzibutso uko ari eshatu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside 10&nbsp;983: 4&nbsp;771 i Ggolo, 3&nbsp;337 i Lambu na 2&nbsp;875 i Kasensero.<ref name="HCR2024" /> Mu 2020, havuzwe ibiganiro hagati y'u Rwanda na Uganda ku bijyanye no gutunga cyangwa gucunga ubutaka buriho inzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu mahanga, harimo iza Ggolo, Lambu na Kasensero. Intego yavuzwe ni ukugira ngo u Rwanda rubashe kwita ku bubungabunga no ku isuku by'aho hantu ho kwibukira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda to own genocide memorial lands abroad |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwanda-to-own-genocide-memorial-lands-abroad--1349058 |website=The EastAfrican |date=2020-08-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Ggolo rwihariye kuko ruri hanze y'u Rwanda. Rufitanye isano n'amateka y'abazize Jenoside imibiri yabo yatwawe n'amazi nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwo mu 1994, ikaboneka muri Uganda. Ni ahantu imiryango, abarokotse, Abanyarwanda baba muri Uganda n'abayobozi bitabira buri mwaka imihango yo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi baza kunamira.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Wilson Twagira |title=Rwandan Community in Uganda Pay Tribute to Victims of 1994 Genocide Against Tutsi |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/rwandan-community-in-uganda-pay-tribute-to-victims-of-1994-genocide-against-tutsi/ |website=KT Press |date=2022-04-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Hakorerwa imihango yo kwibuka mu gihe cya ''[[Kwibuka]]'', igihe ngarukamwaka cyo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="HCR2022" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]] * [[Nyabarongo]] * [[Umugezi wa Akagera]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |title=Rwanda, lieux de mémoire du génocide |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |year=2011 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author1=Hélène Dumas |author2=Rémi Korman |title=Mémoriaux du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi au Rwanda |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |year=2011 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ggolo, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Uganda]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] md55jg3c0c50lay8w0ft8447thw6ens 0 23172 140585 2026-09-30T10:42:12Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Uganda]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Rakai | label3 = Aho ruherereye | data3 = Kasensero | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], hahe..." 140585 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Uganda]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Rakai | label3 = Aho ruherereye | data3 = Kasensero | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye i Kasensero, mu karere ka Rakai, muri [[Uganda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yatembanywe n'imigezi yo mu Rwanda, hanyuma ikagera mu [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoriya]], mbere yo gukurwamo igashyingurwa ku butaka bwa Uganda. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Kasensero, mu karere ka Rakai, ku nkombe za Uganda z'ikiyaga cya Victoriya. Ni rumwe mu hantu hashyinguwe muri Uganda abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imibiri yabo yabonetse imaze gutembanwa n'amazi ikagera mu kiyaga cya Victoriya.<ref name="HCR2024">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Against the Tutsi, 30 years later - Kwibuka 30 |url=https://www.rwandainuganda.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/genocide-against-the-tutsi-30-years-later-kwibuka-30 |website=High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Uganda |date=2024-05-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abishwe bajugunywaga mu migezi, irimo [[Nyabarongo]] n'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|Akagera]], yisuka mu kibaya cy'ikiyaga cya Victoriya. Imibiri yaje kuboneka mu mazi no ku nkombe za Uganda z'icyo kiyaga.<ref name="HCR2022">{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka28: Rwandans in Uganda commemorate with call to fight genocide denial |url=https://www.rwandainuganda.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/kwibuka28-rwandans-in-uganda-commemorate-with-call-to-fight-genocide-denial |website=High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Uganda |date=2022-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Muri Uganda habarurwa ahantu hatatu ho gushyingura no kwibukira abo bazize Jenoside: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo|Ggolo]], mu karere ka Mpigi, [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu|Lambu]], mu karere ka Masaka, na Kasensero, mu karere ka Rakai.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide victims honoured in Uganda |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/71009/National/genocide-victims-honoured-in-uganda |website=The New Times |date=2012-04-09 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> == Amateka == === Jenoside yo mu 1994 === Mu 1994, muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abantu bicirwaga mu Rwanda hanyuma bakajugunywa mu migezi. Amazi yatwaye imibiri ayigeza mu kiyaga cya Victoriya, igera ku nkombe zitandukanye za Uganda. Inzego z'ubuyobozi n'abaturage bo muri ako gace bagize uruhare mu kuyikuramo no kuyishyingura.<ref name="HCR2024" /> Ahantu ha Kasensero hafitanye isano n'ibyo bikorwa byo gushyingura byabereye muri Uganda, ku bazize Jenoside akenshi batashoboraga kumenyekana umwe ku wundi. Habungabunga urwibutso rw'abantu biciwe mu Rwanda bagashyingurwa hanze y'ubutaka bw'u Rwanda kubera ko imibiri yabo yatwawe n'amazi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda still hunting for perpetuators of 1994 genocide |url=https://observer.ug/news/rwanda-still-hunting-for-perpetuators-of-1994-genocide/ |website=The Observer |date=2024-04-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> === Ishyirwaho n'iterambere ry'urwibutso === Urwibutso rwa Kasensero ruri mu nzibutso eshatu zo muri Uganda zagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi babonetse mu kiyaga cya Victoriya. Nk'uko Ambasade y'u Rwanda muri Uganda ibivuga, muri izo nzibutso uko ari eshatu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside 10&nbsp;983: 4&nbsp;771 i Ggolo, 3&nbsp;337 i Lambu na 2&nbsp;875 i Kasensero.<ref name="HCR2024" /> Mu 2020, havuzwe ibiganiro hagati y'u Rwanda na Uganda ku bijyanye no gutunga cyangwa gucunga ubutaka buriho inzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu mahanga, harimo iza Ggolo, Lambu na Kasensero. Intego yavuzwe ni ukugira ngo u Rwanda rubashe kwita ku bubungabunga no ku isuku by'aho hantu ho kwibukira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda to own genocide memorial lands abroad |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwanda-to-own-genocide-memorial-lands-abroad--1349058 |website=The EastAfrican |date=2020-08-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Kasensero rwihariye kuko ruri hanze y'u Rwanda. Rufitanye isano n'amateka y'abazize Jenoside imibiri yabo yatwawe n'amazi nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwo mu 1994, ikaboneka muri Uganda. Ni ahantu imiryango, abarokotse, Abanyarwanda baba muri Uganda n'abayobozi bitabira buri mwaka imihango yo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi baza kunamira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwandans gather at Kasensero to commemorate Genocide victims |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jzJ7C6v51rE |website=YouTube |publisher=NTV Uganda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Hakorerwa imihango yo kwibuka mu gihe cya ''[[Kwibuka]]'', igihe ngarukamwaka cyo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="HCR2022" /> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]] * [[Nyabarongo]] * [[Umugezi wa Akagera]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |title=Rwanda, lieux de mémoire du génocide |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |year=2011 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author1=Hélène Dumas |author2=Rémi Korman |title=Mémoriaux du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi au Rwanda |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |year=2011 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kasensero, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Uganda]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] p60f63czvb1rs896dmf1dsq2f8zh9zf 0 23173 140586 2026-09-30T10:58:14Z Score Beethoven 11559 Created page with "{{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Uganda]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Masaka | label3 = Aho ruherereye | data3 = Lambu | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye i La..." 140586 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox | title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu | label1 = Igihugu | data1 = [[Uganda]] | label2 = Akarere | data2 = Masaka | label3 = Aho ruherereye | data3 = Lambu | label4 = Ubwoko | data4 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside | label5 = Rwibuka | data5 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994) }} '''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Lambu''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye i Lambu, mu karere ka Masaka, muri [[Uganda]]. Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yatembanywe n'imigezi yo mu Rwanda, hanyuma ikagera mu [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya|kiyaga cya Victoriya]], mbere yo gukurwamo igashyingurwa ku butaka bwa Uganda. == Aho ruherereye == === Aho biherereye === Urwibutso ruri i Lambu, mu karere ka Masaka, ku nkombe za Uganda z'ikiyaga cya Victoriya. Ni rumwe mu hantu hashyinguwe muri Uganda abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imibiri yabo yabonetse imaze gutembanwa n'amazi ikagera mu kiyaga cya Victoriya.<ref name="HCR2024">{{Cite web |title=Genocide Against the Tutsi, 30 years later - Kwibuka 30 |url=https://www.rwandainuganda.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/genocide-against-the-tutsi-30-years-later-kwibuka-30 |website=High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Uganda |date=2024-05-21 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> === Imiterere rusange === [[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]] Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abishwe bajugunywaga mu migezi, irimo [[Nyabarongo]] n'[[Umugezi wa Akagera|Akagera]], yisuka mu kibaya cy'ikiyaga cya Victoriya. Imibiri yaje kuboneka mu mazi no ku nkombe za Uganda z'icyo kiyaga.<ref name="HCR2022">{{Cite web |title=Kwibuka28: Rwandans in Uganda commemorate with call to fight genocide denial |url=https://www.rwandainuganda.gov.rw/actualites/info-details/kwibuka28-rwandans-in-uganda-commemorate-with-call-to-fight-genocide-denial |website=High Commission of the Republic of Rwanda in Uganda |date=2022-04-13 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Muri Uganda habarurwa ahantu hatatu ho gushyingura no kwibukira abo bazize Jenoside: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo|Ggolo]], mu karere ka Mpigi, Lambu, mu karere ka Masaka, na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero|Kasensero]], mu karere ka Rakai.<ref name="HCR2024" /> == Amateka == === Jenoside yo mu 1994 === Mu 1994, muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abantu bicirwaga mu Rwanda hanyuma bakajugunywa mu migezi. Amazi yatwaye imibiri ayigeza mu kiyaga cya Victoriya, igera ku nkombe zitandukanye za Uganda. Inzego z'ubuyobozi n'abaturage bo muri ako gace bagize uruhare mu kuyikuramo no kuyishyingura.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorial Site, Ggolo |url=https://aidchild.org/genocidememorial/ |website=AidChild |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Ahantu ha Lambu hafitanye isano n'ibyo bikorwa byo gushyingura byabereye muri Uganda, ku bazize Jenoside akenshi batashoboraga kumenyekana umwe ku wundi. Habungabunga urwibutso rw'abantu biciwe mu Rwanda bagashyingurwa hanze y'ubutaka bw'u Rwanda kubera ko imibiri yabo yatwawe n'amazi.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda still hunting for perpetuators of 1994 genocide |url=https://observer.ug/news/rwanda-still-hunting-for-perpetuators-of-1994-genocide/ |website=The Observer |date=2021-04-18 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> === Ishyirwaho n'iterambere ry'urwibutso === Urwibutso rwa Lambu ruri mu nzibutso eshatu zo muri Uganda zagenewe abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi babonetse mu kiyaga cya Victoriya. Nk'uko Ambasade y'u Rwanda muri Uganda ibivuga, muri izo nzibutso uko ari eshatu hashyinguwe abazize Jenoside 10&nbsp;983: 4&nbsp;771 i Ggolo, 3&nbsp;337 i Lambu na 2&nbsp;875 i Kasensero.<ref name="HCR2024" /> Mu 2020, havuzwe ibiganiro hagati y'u Rwanda na Uganda ku bijyanye no gutunga cyangwa gucunga ubutaka buriho inzibutso za Jenoside ziri mu mahanga, harimo iza Ggolo, Lambu na Kasensero. Intego yavuzwe ni ukugira ngo u Rwanda rubashe kwita ku bubungabunga no ku isuku by'aho hantu ho kwibukira.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Rwanda to own genocide memorial lands abroad |url=https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/rwanda-today/news/rwanda-to-own-genocide-memorial-lands-abroad--1349058 |website=The EastAfrican |date=2020-08-31 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> == Ibiranga urwibutso == Urwibutso rwa Lambu rwihariye kuko ruri hanze y'u Rwanda. Rufitanye isano n'amateka y'abazize Jenoside imibiri yabo yatwawe n'amazi nyuma y'ubwicanyi bwo mu 1994, ikaboneka muri Uganda. Ni ahantu imiryango, abarokotse, Abanyarwanda baba muri Uganda n'abayobozi bitabira buri mwaka imihango yo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi baza kunamira.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Wilson Twagira |title=Rwandan Community in Uganda Pay Tribute to Victims of 1994 Genocide Against Tutsi |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2022/04/rwandan-community-in-uganda-pay-tribute-to-victims-of-1994-genocide-against-tutsi/ |website=KT Press |date=2022-04-12 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> Hakorerwa imihango yo kwibuka mu gihe cya ''[[Kwibuka]]'', igihe ngarukamwaka cyo kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.<ref name="HCR2022" /> Mu 2023, habereye umuhango wo kwibuka ku rwibutso rwa Lambu, mu karere ka Masaka, witabiriwe n'abagize umuryango w'Abanyarwanda baba muri Uganda, abayobozi n'Abagande.<ref>{{Cite web |title=29ème commémoration du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi : l’Ouganda loue la résilience du Rwanda |url=https://fr.igihe.com/29eme-commemoration-du-genocide-perpetre-contre-les-Tutsi-L-Ouganda-loue-la.html |website=IGIHE |date=2023-05-01 |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-18}}</ref> == Inyandiko == {{Reflist}} == Reba kandi == === Ingingo zijyanye === * [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kasensero]] * [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ggolo]] * [[Ikiyaga cya Victoriya]] * [[Nyabarongo]] * [[Umugezi wa Akagera]] === Ibitabo === * {{Cite book |title=Rwanda, lieux de mémoire du génocide |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |year=2011 |language=fr}} * {{Cite book |author1=Hélène Dumas |author2=Rémi Korman |title=Mémoriaux du génocide perpétré contre les Tutsi au Rwanda |publisher=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide |location=Kigali |year=2011 |language=fr}} {{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Lambu, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}} [[Ikiciro:Uganda]] [[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]] kxjassur8gnp9pkc6u4qof0vofskhm6