Wikipedia:Community Portal

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="rw">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikipedia</sitename>
    <dbname>rwwiki</dbname>
    <base>https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intangiriro</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.23</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Itangazamakuru</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Ibidasanzwe</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">Umukoresha</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro by'umukoresha</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro kuri Wikipedia</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">Dosiye</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro kuri dosiye</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediyaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro kuri MediyaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Inyandikorugero</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro ku nyandikorugero</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Ubufasha</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro ku bufasha</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Ikiciro</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Ibiganiro ku byiciro</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Wikipedia:Community Portal</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>779</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141530</id>
      <parentid>140994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T07:49:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ndahiro derrick</username>
        <id>8075</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist */ Subiza</comment>
      <origin>141530</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="852202" sha1="kcbmn8pd15gz2lmncr3bmbnk2xr2zf2" xml:space="preserve">* '''en:''' Requests for the [[m:bot|bot]] flag should be made on this page. This wiki uses the [[m:bot policy|standard bot policy]], and allows [[m:bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] and [[m:bot policy#Automatic_approval|automatic approval of certain types of bots]]. Other bots should apply below, and then [[m:Steward requests/Bot status|request access]] from a steward if there is no objection.
== The To-Do - List==

# Translating the Main Page into Kinyarwanda.
# after 1: starting of writing articles -&gt; transations from English and French.
# all files transmitting to [[commons:Main Page|Wikimedia Commons]].

== Urwinjiriro ry'Ingenzi==

==Ubufasha==

* [[User:Joschy|Joschy]] will help in questions about Wikipedia.

==Bot policy==
Hello. To facilitate [[m:steward|steward]] granting of bot access, I suggest implementing the [[m:Bot policy|standard bot policy]] on this wiki. In particular, this policy allows stewards to automatically flag known interlanguage linking bots (if this page says that is acceptable), which form the vast majority of such requests. The policy also enables [[m:Bot policy#Global_bots|global bots]] on this wiki (if this page says that is acceptable), which are trusted bots that will be given bot access on every wiki that allows global bots.

This policy makes bot access requesting much easier for local users, operators, and stewards. To implement it we only need to create a redirect to this page from [[Project:Bot policy]], and add a line at the top noting that it is used here. Please read the text at [[m:Bot policy]] before commenting. If you object, please say so; I hope to implement in one week if there is no objection, since it is particularly written to streamline bot requests on wikis with little or no community interested in bot access requests. [[User:Djsasso|Djsasso]] 16:56, 9 June 2009 (UTC)

== Localized logo ==
Hello!

The Wikimedia Foundation recently &lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[http://blog.wikimedia.org/2010/wikipedia-in-3d/ updated]&lt;/span&gt; the official Wikipedia globe.  We realize that a lot of projects have never had a localized logo in their native language, so we are making sure that we create logos for every Wikipedia project that we have.  The only issue is:  we can't figure out what should be on your localized logo. &lt;tt&gt;:-)&lt;/tt&gt;

Could you please provide a translation for the following?
* Wikipedia
* The Free Encyclopedia 

Please put the translation on my [[m:User talk:Cbrown1023|Meta talk page]].  Thank you! '''[[User:Cbrown1023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green&quot;&gt;Cbrown1023&lt;/span&gt;]]''' '''&lt;small&gt;[[User talk:Cbrown1023|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#002bb8&quot;&gt;discussion&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/small&gt;''' 00:55, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

==Buruse za Wikimania==
The call for applications for Wikimania Scholarships to attend Wikimania 2010 in Gdansk, Poland (July 9-11) is now open. The Wikimedia Foundation offers Scholarships to pay for selected individuals' round trip travel, accommodations, and registration at the conference.
To apply, visit the [[wm2010:Main Page|Wikimania 2010]] [[wm2010:Scholarships|scholarships information page]], click the secure link available there, and fill out the form to apply.
For additional information, please visit the Scholarships information and FAQ pages:
* [[wm2010:Scholarships|Scholarships]]
* [[wm2010:Scholarships/FAQ|Scholarships FAQ]]
Yours very truly,
[[m:User:Cary Bass|Cary Bass]]&lt;/br&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator&lt;/br&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation

==Fundraising time is around the corner!==
Hello Wikimedians, my name is Deniz and I am working for the Wikimedia Foundation during the 2010 Fundraiser. My job is to be the liaison between the Kinyarwanda community and the Foundation. This year's fundraiser is intended to be a collaborative and global effort, we recognize that banner messages that perform well in the United States don't necessarily translate well, or appeal to international audiences. &lt;Br&gt;

I'm contacting you as I am currently looking for translators who are willing to contribute to this project, helping to translate and localize messages into Kinyarwanda and suggesting messages that would appeal to Kinyarwanda readers on the Fundraising Meta Page. We've started the setup on [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 meta] for both [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages banner submission], [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Banner_testing statistical analysis], and [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Committee grouping volunteers together].&lt;br&gt;Use the talk pages on meta, talk to your local communities, talk to others, talk to us, and add your feedback to the proposed messages as well! I look forward to working with you during this year's fundraiser.&lt;br&gt;

Please translate this message into Kinyarwanda if you can and post it below. Thank you! --[[User:Dgultekin|Dgultekin]] 17:12, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

===Fundraising 2010: Beat Jimmy Challenge===

The Fundraising Committee is issuing all interested community members a challenge: [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010 we want you to beat Jimmy]. The appeal from Jimmy Wales and the corresponding banner have been tested head-to-head with other successful banners, and the results are clear: it's our best performing message... by a lot. This year we have a lofty fundraising goal; we need all of our banners to bring in donations like the Jimmy Appeal, but no one wants to keep the Jimmy banner up for two months.  We want to run donor quotes, and other wonderful ideas, but we have to have banners that work as well as or better than the Jimmy appeal.

We've just released the highlights from a [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010#Focus_Group donor focus group], and the results of our [http://www. uggsoutletugg .com uggs outlet]. With one month to the launch of the fundraiser, the messages we test must be driven by data from our tests and surveys - we can no longer rely on instinct alone. 

We've redesigned our fundraising meta pages with the Jimmy challenge; check out the survey results and propose/discuss banners that reflect these findings.  Add the banners you think will 'beat Jimmy' [http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fundraising_2010/Messages/BeatJimmy here] to be tested '''Tuesday October 12''' against Jimmy. -[[User:Dgultekin|Dgultekin]] 21:54, 6 October 2010 (UTC)

== Call for image filter referendum ==

The Wikimedia Foundation, at the direction of the Board of Trustees, will be holding a vote to determine whether members of the community support the creation and usage of an opt-in personal image filter, which would allow readers to voluntarily screen particular types of images strictly for their own account.

Further details and educational materials will be available shortly.  The referendum is scheduled for 12-27 August, 2011, and will be conducted on servers hosted by a neutral third party.  Referendum details, officials, voting requirements, and supporting materials will be posted at [[Meta:Image filter referendum]] shortly.

Sorry for delivering you a message in English. Please help translate the pages on the referendum on Meta and join the [[mail:translators-l|translators mailing list]].

For the coordinating committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Philippe (WMF)|Philippe (WMF)]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Cbrown1023|Cbrown1023]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Risker|Risker]]&lt;/br&gt;
[[m:User:Mardetanha|Mardetanha]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:PeterSymonds|PeterSymonds]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:Robertmharris|Robert Harris]]
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0090 --&gt;

== [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]] ==
* Bot                            : [[User:HiW-Bot|HiW-Bot]]
* Operator                       : [[:de:Benutzer:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]]
* Automatic or Manually Assisted : automatic
* Programming Language(s)        : Python (pywikipedia), daily update
* Function Summary               : Interwiki
* Already has a bot flag (Y/N)   : Yes, [http://toolserver.org/~vvv/sulutil.php?user=HiW-Bot please see here]
* Function Details               : just using the standard interwiki.py

I humbly request bot status on this wiki in order to maintain Interwiki.
Thank you --[[User:Hedwig in Washington|Hedwig in Washington]]

&lt;!-- Interwiki --&gt;

[[eu:Wikipedia:WikiMediari buruz gaurkotasun-albisteak]]

== Terms of Use update ==

''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please help translate it.''
 
Hello,
 
The Wikimedia Foundation is discussing changes to its Terms of Use.  The discussion can be found at [[m:Talk:Terms of use|Talk:Terms of use]]. Everyone is invited to join in. Because the new version of [[m:Terms of use|Terms of use]] is not in final form, we are not able to present official translations of it. Volunteers are welcome to translate it, as German volunteers have done at [[:m:Terms of use/de]], but we ask that you note at the top that the translation is unofficial and may become outdated as the English version is changed. The translation request can be found at [[m:Translation requests/WMF/Terms of Use 2]] -- [[m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis, Community Liaison]] 01:15, 27 October 2011 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0119 --&gt;

== Open Call for 2012 Wikimedia Fellowship Applicants ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize that you are receiving this message in English. Please
help translate it.''
*Do you want to help attract new contributors to Wikimedia projects?
*Do you want to improve retention of our existing editors?
*Do you want to strengthen our community by diversifying its base and increasing the overall number of excellent participants around the world?
The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking Community Fellows and project ideas for the Community Fellowship Program. A Fellowship is a temporary position at the Wikimedia Foundation in order to work on a specific project or set of projects. Submissions for 2012 are encouraged to focus on the theme of improving editor retention and increasing participation in Wikimedia projects. If interested, please submit a project idea or apply to be a fellow by January 15, 2012. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Fellowships for more information.

Thanks!

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Community Fellowships,
Wikimedia Foundation]] 03:03, 22 December 2011 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0139 --&gt;

== Announcing Wikipedia 1.19 beta ==

Wikimedia Foundation is getting ready to push out 1.19 to all the WMF-hosted wikis.  As we finish wrapping up our code review, you can test the new version ''right now'' on [http://beta.wmflabs.org/ beta.wmflabs.org].  For more information, please read the [https://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/RELEASE-NOTES-1.19?view=markup release notes] or the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.19|start of the final announcement]].

The following are the areas that you will probably be most interested in:
* [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/show_bug.cgi?id=33711#c2 Faster loading of javascript files makes dependency tracking more important.]
* New common*.css files usable by skins instead of having to copy piles of generic styles from MonoBook or Vector's css.
* The default user signature now contains a talk link in addition to the user link.
* Searching blocked usernames in block log is now clearer.
* Better timezone recognition in user preferences.
* Improved diff readability for colorblind people.
* The interwiki links table can now be accessed also when the interwiki cache is used (used in the API and the Interwiki extension).
* More gender support (for instance in logs and user lists).
* Language converter improved, e.g. it now works depending on the page content language.
* Time and number-formatting magic words also now depend on the page content language.
* Bidirectional support further improved after 1.18.

Report any [http://labs.wikimedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Problem_reports problems] on the labs beta wiki and we'll work to address them before they software is released to the production wikis.

'''Note''' that this cluster does have SUL but it is not integrated with SUL in production, so you'll need to create another account.  You should avoid using the same password as you use here.  — [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] 16:31, 15 January 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0145 --&gt;

== MediaWiki 1.19 ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to upgrade MediaWiki (the software powering this wiki) to its latest version this month. You can help to test it before it is enabled, to avoid disruption and breakage. More information is available [[:mw:MediaWiki 1.19/Deployment announcement|in the full announcement]]. Thank you for your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. 15:17, 12 February 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0154 --&gt;

== Update on IPv6 ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it, as well as '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement on Meta]]''') 

The Wikimedia Foundation is planning to do limited testing of IPv6 on June 2-3. If there are not too many problems, we may fully enable IPv6 on [http://www.worldipv6day.org/ World IPv6 day] (June 6), and keep it enabled.

What this means for your project:

*At least on June 2-3, 2012, you may see a small number of edits from IPv6 addresses, which are in the form &quot;&lt;code&gt;2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334&lt;/code&gt;&quot;. See e.g. [[w:en:IPv6 address]]. These addresses should behave like any other IP address: You can leave messages on their talk pages; you can track their contributions; you can block them. (See [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] for notes on range blocks.)

*In the mid term, some user scripts and tools will need to be adapted for IPv6. 

*We suspect that IPv6 usage is going to be very low initially, meaning that abuse should be manageable, and we will assist in the monitoring of the situation.

Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/IPv6 initiative/2012 IPv6 Day announcement|the full version of this announcement]] on how to test the behavior of IPv6 with various tools and how to leave bug reports, and to find a fuller analysis of the implications of the IPv6 migration.

--[[m:User:Eloquence|Erik Möller, VP of Engineering and Product Development, Wikimedia Foundation]] 01:20, 2 June 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0201 --&gt;

== 2011 Picture of the Year competition ==

&lt;small&gt;[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/mk|{{#language:mk}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/no|{{#language:no}}]] • [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Translations/pl|{{#language:pl}}]]&lt;/small&gt; 

Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the ''2011 Picture of the Year competition'' is now open. We are interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the ''Picture of the Year 2011''. Any user registered at Commons or a Wikimedia wiki SUL-related to Commons [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=24 with more than 75 edits before 1 April 2012 (UTC)] is welcome to vote and, of course everyone is welcome to view!

Detailed information about the contest can be found [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Introduction|at the introductory page]].

About 600 of the best of Wikimedia Common's photos, animations, movies and graphics were chosen &amp;ndash;by the international Wikimedia Commons community&amp;ndash; out of 12 million files during ''2011'' and are now called ''Featured Pictures''.

From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons ''Features Pictures'' of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Galleries|into topic categories]]. 

We regret that you receive this message in English; we intended to use banners to notify you in your native language but there was both, human and technical resistance.

See you on Commons!
--[[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2011/Committee|Picture of the Year 2011 Committee]] 18:37, 5 June 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0205 --&gt;

== Help decide about more than $10 million of Wikimedia donations in the coming year ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

Hi,

As many of you are aware, the Wikimedia Board of Trustees recently initiated important changes in the way that money is being distributed within the Wikimedia movement. As part of this, a new community-led &quot;[[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC|Funds Dissemination Committee]]&quot; (FDC) is currently being set up. Already in 2012-13, its recommendations will guide the decisions about the distribution of over 10 million US dollars among the Foundation, chapters and other [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#Eligible_fund-seeking_entities|eligible entities]].

Now, seven capable, knowledgeable and trustworthy community members are sought to volunteer on the initial Funds Dissemination Committee. It is expected to take up its work in September. In addition, a community member is sought to be the [[m:Funds_Dissemination_Committee/Framework_for_the_Creation_and_Initial_Operation_of_the_FDC#FDC_Ombudsperson|Ombudsperson]] for the FDC process. If you are interested in joining the committee, read the [[m:Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for Volunteers|call for volunteers]]. Nominations are planned to close on August 15.

--[[m:User:ASengupta_(WMF)|Anasuya Sengupta]], Director of Global Learning and Grantmaking, Wikimedia Foundation 20:23, 19 July 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0223 --&gt;

== More opportunities for you to access free research databases ==

The quest to get editors free access to the sources they need is gaining momentum.
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo|Credo Reference]]''' provides full-text online versions of nearly 1200 published reference works from more than 70 publishers in every major subject, including general and subject dictionaries and encyclopedias.  There are '''125''' full Credo 350 accounts available, with access even to 100 more references works than in Credo's original donation.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Credo#Sign-up sheet|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|HighBeam Research]]''' has access to over 80 million articles from 6,500 publications including newspapers, magazines, academic journals, newswires, trade magazines and encyclopedias.  Thousands of new articles are added daily, and archives date back over 25 years covering a wide range of subjects and industries.  There are '''250''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam/Applications|here]].
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia|Questia]]'''  is an online research library for books and journal articles focusing on the humanities and social sciences. Questia has curated titles from over 300 trusted publishers including 77,000 full-text books and 4 million journal, magazine, and newspaper articles, as well as encyclopedia entries.  There will soon be '''1000''' full access 1-year accounts available.  All you need is a 1-year old account with 1000 edits.  Sign up [[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia#Apply here: Round 1|here]].
You might also be interested in the idea to create a central '''Wikipedia Library''' where approved editors would have access to ''all'' participating resource donors.  Add your feedback to the [[m:Wikimedia Fellowships/Project Ideas/The Wikipedia Library|Community Fellowship proposal]].  Apologies for the English message ([http://translate.google.com/ translate here]).  Go sign up :)  --[[w:en:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] ([[w:en:User talk:Ocaasi|talk]]) 02:23, 16 August 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0232 --&gt;

== Request for Comment: Legal Fees Assistance Program ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize for addressing you in English. I would be grateful if you could translate this message into your language.''

The Wikimedia Foundation is conducting a [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|request for comment]] on a [[:m:Legal_and_Community_Advocacy/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|proposed program]] that could provide legal assistance to users in specific support roles who are named in a legal complaint as a defendant because of those roles. We wanted to be sure that your community was aware of this discussion and would have a chance to participate in [[:m:Request_for_comment/Legal_Fees_Assistance_Program|that discussion]]. 

If this page is not the best place to publicize this request for comment, please help spread the word to those who may be interested in participating. (If you'd like to help translating the &quot;request for comment&quot;, program policy or other pages into your language and don't know how the translation system works, please come by my user talk page at [[:m:User talk:Mdennis (WMF)]]. I'll be happy to assist or to connect you with a volunteer who can assist.)
 
Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]]02:11, 6 September 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0245 --&gt;

== Wikidata is getting close to a first roll-out ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) 

As some of you might already have heard Wikimedia Deutschland is working on a new Wikimedia project. It is called [[m:Wikidata]]. The goal of Wikidata is to become a central data repository for the Wikipedias, its sister projects and the world. In the future it will hold data like the number of inhabitants of a country, the date of birth of a famous person or the length of a river. These can then be used in all Wikimedia projects and outside of them.

The project is divided into three phases and &quot;we are getting close to roll-out the first phase&quot;. The phases are:
# language links in the Wikipedias (making it possible to store the links between the language editions of an article just once in Wikidata instead of in each linked article)
# infoboxes (making it possible to store the data that is currently in infoboxes in one central place and share the data)
# lists (making it possible to create lists and similar things based on queries to Wikidata so they update automatically when new data is added or modified)

It'd be great if you could join us, test the [http://wikidata-test.wikimedia.de demo version], provide feedback and take part in the development of Wikidata. You can find all the relevant information including an [[m:Wikidata/FAQ|FAQ]] and sign-up links for our on-wiki newsletter on [[m:Wikidata|the Wikidata page on Meta]]. 

For further discussions please use [[m:Talk:Wikidata|this talk page]] (if you are uncomfortable writing in English you can also write in your native language there) or point [[m:User_talk:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|me]] to the place where your discussion is happening so I can answer there.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 13:36, 10 September 2012 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0248 --&gt;

== Upcoming software changes - please report any problems ==

[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
&lt;div dir=ltr&gt;
''(Apologies if this message isn't in your language. Please consider translating it)''

All Wikimedia wikis - including this one - will soon be upgraded with new and possibly disruptive code.  This process starts today and finishes on October 24 (see the [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|upgrade schedule]] &amp; [[mw:MediaWiki 1.21/wmf2|code details]]).

Please watch for problems with:
* revision diffs
* templates
* CSS and JavaScript pages (like user scripts)
* bots
* PDF export
* images, video, and sound, especially scaling sizes
* the CologneBlue skin

If you notice any problems, please [[mw:How to report a bug|report problems]] at [[mw:Bugzilla|our defect tracker site]].  You can test for possible problems at [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org] and [https://mediawiki.org/ mediawiki.org], which have already been updated.

Thanks!  With your help we can find problems fast and get them fixed faster.

[[mw:User:Sharihareswara (WMF)|Sumana Harihareswara, Wikimedia Foundation Engineering Community Manager]] ([[mw:User talk:Sharihareswara (WMF)|talk]]) 03:11, 16 October 2012 (UTC)

P.S.: For the regular, smaller MediaWiki updates every two weeks, please [[mw:MediaWiki_1.21/Roadmap|watch this schedule]].

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0278 --&gt;

== Fundraising localization: volunteers from outside the USA needed ==

''Please translate for your local community''

Hello All,

The Wikimedia Foundation's Fundraising team have begun our 'User Experience' project, with the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries outside the USA and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. I am searching for volunteers to spend 30 minutes on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real-time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. ''All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed'' (and they will be low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. Please sing up and help us with our 'User Experience' project! :)
If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[wmf:User:Ppena|Pats Pena]]&lt;br /&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 17:17, 17 October 2012 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0280 --&gt;

== Be a Wikimedia fundraising &quot;User Experience&quot; volunteer! ==

Thank you to everyone who volunteered last year on the Wikimedia fundraising 'User Experience' project. We have talked to many different people in different countries and their feedback has helped us immensely in restructuring our pages. If you haven't heard of it yet, the 'User Experience' project has the goal of understanding the donation experience in different countries (outside the USA) and enhancing the localization of our donation pages. 

I am (still) searching for volunteers to spend some time on a Skype chat with me, reviewing their own country's donation pages. It will be done on a 'usability' format (I will ask you to read the text and go through the donation flow) and will be asking your feedback in the meanwhile. 

The only pre-requisite is for the volunteer to actually live in the country and to have access to at least one donation method that we offer for that country (mainly credit/debit card, but also real time banking like IDEAL, E-wallets, etc...) so we can do a live test and see if the donation goes through. **All volunteers will be reimbursed of the donations that eventually succeed (and they will be very low amounts, like 1-2 dollars)**

By helping us you are actually helping thousands of people to support our mission of free knowledge across the world. If you are interested (or know of anyone who could be) please email ppena@wikimedia.org. All countries needed (excepting USA)!!

Thanks!

[[m:User:Ppena (WMF)|Pats Pena]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Fundraising Operations Manager, Wikimedia Foundation

: Sent using [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]], 21:15, 8 January 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 331 --&gt;

== Wikimedia sites to move to primary data center in Ashburn, Virginia. Read-only mode expected. ==

(Apologies if this message isn't in your language.) Next week, the Wikimedia Foundation will transition its main technical operations to a new data center in Ashburn, Virginia, USA. This is intended to improve the technical performance and reliability of all Wikimedia sites, including this wiki. There will be some times when the site will be in read-only mode, and there may be full outages; the current target windows for the migration are January 22nd, 23rd and 24th, 2013, from 17:00 to 01:00 UTC (see [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=Wikimedia+data+center+migration&amp;iso=20130122T17&amp;ah=8 other timezones] on timeanddate.com). More information is available [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/01/19/wikimedia-sites-move-to-primary-data-center-in-ashburn-virginia/ in the full announcement].

If you would like to stay informed of future technical upgrades, consider [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|becoming a Tech ambassador]] and [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors joining the ambassadors mailing list]. You will be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

Thank you for your help and your understanding.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]] &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;. 15:39, 19 January 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0338 --&gt;
== Picture of the Year voting round 1 open ==
Dear Wikimedians,

Wikimedia Commons is happy to announce that the 2012 Picture of the Year competition is now open.  We're interested in your opinion as to which images qualify to be the Picture of the Year for 2012. Voting is open to established Wikimedia users who meet the following criteria:

:# Users must have an account, at any Wikimedia project, which was registered '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC].
:# This user account must have more than '''75 edits''' on '''any single''' Wikimedia project '''before Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 +0000''' [UTC]. Please check your account eligibility at the [//toolserver.org/~pathoschild/accounteligibility/?user=&amp;wiki=&amp;event=27 POTY 2012 Contest Eligibility tool].
:# Users must vote with an account meeting the above requirements either on Commons or another SUL-related Wikimedia project (for other Wikimedia projects, the account must be attached to the user's Commons account through [[meta:Help:Unified login|SUL]]).

Hundreds of images that have been rated Featured Pictures by the international Wikimedia Commons community in the past year are all entered in this competition. From professional animal and plant shots to breathtaking panoramas and skylines, restorations of historically relevant images, images portraying the world's best architecture, maps, emblems, diagrams created with the most modern technology, and impressive human portraits, Commons features pictures of all flavors.  

For your convenience, we have sorted the images into topic categories. Two rounds of voting will be held: In the first round, you can vote for as many images as you like. The first round category winners and the top ten overall will then make it to the final.  In the final round, when a limited number of images are left, you must decide on the one image that you want to become the Picture of the Year.

To see the candidate images just go to [[commons:Commons:Picture_of_the_Year/2012|the POTY 2012 page on Wikimedia Commons]].

Wikimedia Commons celebrates our featured images of 2012 with this contest. Your votes decide the Picture of the Year, so remember to vote in the first round by '''January 30, 2013'''.

Thanks,&lt;br /&gt;
the Wikimedia Commons Picture of the Year committee&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered based on [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery]]. Translation fetched from: [[:commons:Commons:Picture of the Year/2012/Translations/Village Pump/en]] -- [[User:Rillke|Rillke]] ([[User talk:Rillke|talk]]) 23:58, 22 January 2013 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;

== Help turn ideas into grants in the new IdeaLab ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimedia_Foundation_RGB_logo_with_text.svg|80px|right]]
''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

*Do you have an idea for a project to improve this community or website?
*Do you think you could complete your idea if only you had some funding?
*Do you want to help other people turn their ideas into project plans or grant proposals?

Please join us in the [[m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]], an incubator for project ideas and Individual Engagement Grant proposals.

The Wikimedia Foundation is seeking new ideas and proposals for Individual Engagement Grants. These grants fund individuals or small groups to complete projects that help improve this community. If interested, please submit a completed proposal by February 15, 2013. Please visit https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:IEG for more information.

Thanks!  --[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 20:49, 30 January 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0344 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 1 (language links) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this locally.

[[d:|Wikidata]] has been in development for a few months now. It is now time for the roll-out of the first part of it on your Wikipedia. Phase 1 is the support for the management of language links. It is already being used on the Hungarian, Hebrew, Italian and English Wikipedias. The next step is to enable the extension on all other Wikipedias. We have currently planned this for March 6.

=== What is Wikidata? ===
Wikidata is a central place to store data that you can usually find in infoboxes. Think of it as something like Wikimedia Commons but for data (like the number of inhabitants of a country or the length of a river) instead of multimedia. The first part of this project (centralizing language links) is being rolled out now. The more fancy things will follow later.

=== What is going to happen? ===
Language links in the sidebar are going to come from Wikidata in addition to the ones in the wiki text. To edit them, scroll to the bottom of the language links, and click edit. You no longer need to maintain these links by hand in the wiki text of the article.

=== Where can I find more information and ask questions? ===
Editors on en:wp have created a [[:en:Wikipedia:Wikidata|great page with all the necessary information for editors]] and there is also an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

=== I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata ===
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages. You can see previous editions [[meta:Wikidata/Newsletter/Archive|here]].

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 16:16, 21 February 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0366 --&gt;

PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
PUTAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

== Convert complex templates to Lua to make them faster and more powerful ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians)&lt;/small&gt;

Greetings. As you might have seen on the [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/03/11/lua-templates-faster-more-flexible-pages/ Wikimedia tech blog] or the [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-March/000171.html tech ambassadors list], a new functionality called &quot;Lua&quot; is being enabled on all Wikimedia sites today. [[mw:Lua|Lua]] is a scripting language that enables you to write faster and more powerful MediaWiki templates.

If you have questions about how to convert existing templates to Lua (or how to create new ones), we'll be holding two support sessions on IRC next week: [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=02&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=20&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Wednesday] (for Oceania, Asia &amp; America) and [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=22&amp;month=03&amp;year=2013 one on Friday] (for Europe, Africa &amp; America); see [[m:IRC office hours]] for the details. If you can't make it, you can also get help at [[mw:Talk:Lua scripting]].

If you'd like to learn about this kind of events earlier in advance, consider becoming a [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|Tech ambassador]] by subscribing to the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/wikitech-ambassadors mailing list]. You will also be able to help your fellow Wikimedians have a voice in technical discussions and be notified of important decisions.

[[:m:user:guillom|Guillaume Paumier]], via the [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery system]]. 20:19, 13 March 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;([[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|wrong page? You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0379 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) coming to this Wikipedia ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. It is soon time to enable the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) and things are looking good. The next step is English Wikipedia. This is planned for April 8. '''If everything works out fine we will deploy on all remaining Wikipedias on April 10.''' I will update [[m:Wikidata/Deployment Questions#When_will_this_be_deployed_on_my_Wikipedia.3F|this part of the FAQ]] if there are any issues forcing us to change this date. I will also sent another note to this village pump once the deployment is finished.

'''What will happen once we have phase 2 enabled here?'''
Once it is enabled in a few days you will be able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!)

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Yahoo!. This will return “[[d:Q14086|Marissa Mayer]]” as she is the [[d:Property:P169|chief executive officer]] of the [[d:Q37093|company]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:chief executive officer}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p169}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can already test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2].

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.

--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 17:10, 5 April 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0399 --&gt;

== [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|Request for comment on inactive administrators]] ==

&lt;small&gt;(Please consider translating this message for the benefit of your fellow Wikimedians. Please also consider translating [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Summary|the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;[[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|Read this message in English]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ast|Lleer esti mensaxe n'asturianu]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/bn|বাংলায় এই বার্তাটি পড়ুন]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ca|Llegiu aquest missatge en català]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/da|Læs denne besked på dansk]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/de|Lies diese Nachricht auf Deutsch]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/egl|Leś cal mesag' chè in Emiliàn]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/es|Leer este mensaje en español]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fi|Lue tämä viesti suomeksi]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/fr|Lire ce message en français]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/gl|Ler esta mensaxe en galego]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hi|हिन्दी]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/hr|Pročitajte ovu poruku na hrvatskom]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/id|Baca pesan ini dalam Bahasa Indonesia]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/it|Leggi questo messaggio in italiano]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/kn|ಈ ಸಂದೇಶವನ್ನು ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಓದಿ]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/mt|Aqra dan il-messaġġ bil-Malti]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nb|norsk (bokmål)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/nl|Lees dit bericht in het Nederlands]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/pl|Przeczytaj tę wiadomość po polsku]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ro|Citiți acest mesaj în română]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/ru|Прочитать это сообщение на русском]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/so|Farriintaan ku aqri Af-Soomaali]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/sr|Pročitaj ovu poruku na srpskom (Прочитај ову поруку на српском)]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/th|อ่านข้อความนี้ในภาษาไทย]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/uk|Прочитати це повідомлення українською мовою]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/vi|Đọc thông báo bằng tiếng Việt]] / [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message/zh|使用中文阅读本信息。]]&lt;/small&gt;

Hello!

There is [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|a new request for comment]] on Meta-Wiki concerning the removal of administrative rights from long-term inactive Wikimedians. Generally, this proposal from stewards would apply to wikis without an administrators' review process.

We are also compiling a [[m:Talk:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders|list of projects]] with procedures for removing inactive administrators on the talk page of the request for comment. Feel free to add your project(s) to the list if you have a policy on administrator inactivity.

All input is appreciated. The discussion may close as soon as 21 May 2013 (2013-05-21), but this will be extended if needed.

Thanks, [[m:User:Billinghurst|Billinghurst]] &lt;small&gt;(thanks to all the [[m:Requests for comment/Activity levels of advanced administrative rights holders/Global message|translators]]!)&lt;/small&gt; 05:16, 24 April 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0430 --&gt;

== Wikidata phase 2 (infoboxes) is here ==

[[File:Wikidata-logo-en.svg|150px|right]]
Sorry for writing in English. I hope someone can translate this. If you understand German better than English you can have a look at the announcement on [[:de:Wikipedia:Kurier]].

A while ago the first phase of [[d:|Wikidata]] was enabled on this Wikipedia. This means you are getting the language links in each article from Wikidata. We have now enabled the second phase of Wikidata (infoboxes) here. We have already done this on the [[http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/03/27/you-can-have-all-the-data/ first 11 Wikipedias]] (it, he, hu, ru, tr, uk, uz, hr, bs, sr, sh) a month ago and [http://blog.wikimedia.de/2013/04/22/and-that-makes-12/ two days ago on the English Wikipedia]. Today all the remaining Wikipedias followed.

'''What does having phase 2 enabled here mean?'''
You are now able to make use of the structured data that is available on Wikidata in your articles/infoboxes. It includes things like the symbol for a chemical element, the ISBN for a book or the top level domain of a country. (None of this will happen automatically. Someone will have to change the article or infobox template for this to happen!) The current state is just the beginning though. It will be extended based on feedback we get from you now.

'''How will this work?'''
There are two ways to access the data:
* Use a parser function like &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; in the wiki text of the article on Wikimedia Foundation. This will return “[[d:Q62|San Francisco]]” as that is the [[d:Property:P159|headquarter location]] of the [[d:180|non-profit]].
* For more complicated things you can use Lua. The documentation for this is [[mw:Extension:WikibaseClient/Lua|here]].

We are working on expanding the parser function so you can for example use &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:headquarter location}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; instead of &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:p159}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;. The complete plan for this is [[meta:Wikidata/Notes/Inclusion syntax|here]].

'''Where can I test this?'''
You can test it on [http://test2.wikipedia.org test2] if you don't want to do it in an article here.

'''Where can I find more information and ask questions?'''
We have collected the main questions in an [[meta:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|FAQ for this deployment]]. Please ask questions you might have on [[meta:Talk:Wikidata/Deployment Questions|the FAQ’s discussion page]].

'''I want to be kept up to date about Wikidata'''
To stay up-to-date on everything happening around Wikidata please [[meta:Global message delivery/Targets/Wikidata|subscribe]] to the newsletter that is delivered weekly to subscribed user’s talk pages.


We are excited about taking yet another step towards allowing all Wikipedias share structured data and collect and curate it together.
--[[m:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] 19:20, 24 April 2013 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0431 --&gt;

== [en] Change to wiki account system and account renaming ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Some accounts will soon be renamed due to a technical change that the developer team at Wikimedia are making. [[m:Single User Login finalisation announcement|More details on Meta]].

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 04:06, 30 April 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0437 --&gt;

== [en] Change to section edit links ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The default position of the &quot;edit&quot; link in page section headers is going to change soon. The &quot;edit&quot; link will be positioned adjacent to the page header text rather than floating opposite it.

Section edit links will be to the immediate right of section titles, instead of on the far right. If you're an editor of one of the wikis which already implemented this change, nothing will substantially change for you; however, scripts and gadgets depending on the previous implementation of section edit links will have to be adjusted to continue working; however, nothing else should break even if they are not updated in time.

[[m:Change to section edit links|Detailed information and a timeline]] is available on meta.

Ideas to do this all the way to 2009 at least. It is often difficult to track which of several potential section edit links on the far right is associated with the correct section, and many readers and anonymous or new editors may even be failing to notice section edit links at all, since they read section titles, which are far away from the links.

&lt;small&gt;(Distributed via [[m:global message delivery|global message delivery]] 18:55, 30 April 2013 (UTC). Wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0438 --&gt;

== Tech newsletter: Subscribe to receive the next editions ==

&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; background:#fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;&lt;big&gt;Latest '''[[m:Tech/News|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#268bd2;&quot;&gt;Tech news&lt;/span&gt;]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community.&lt;/big&gt; ''Please inform other users about these changes.''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:auto; padding: 1em; border: 2px solid #fdf6e3;&quot; class=&quot;plainlinks&quot; &gt;
;Recent software changes: ''(Not all changes will affect you.)''

* The latest version of MediaWiki (version [[mw:MediaWiki 1.22/wmf4|1.22/wmf4]]) was added to non-Wikipedia wikis on May 13, and to the English Wikipedia (with a Wikidata software update) on May 20. It will be updated on all other Wikipedia sites on May 22. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=ed976cf0c14fa3632fd10d9300bb646bfd6fe751;hp=c6c7bb1e5caaddf7325de9eef0e7bf85bcf5cc35] [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A software update will perhaps result in temporary issues with images. Please [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|report any problems]] you notice. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* MediaWiki recognizes links in twelve new [[:w:en:URI scheme|schemes]]. Users can now link to [[:w:en:SSH|SSH]], [[:w:en:XMPP|XMPP]] and [[:w:en:Bitcoin|Bitcoin]] directly from wikicode. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=mediawiki/core.git;a=commitdiff;h=a89d623302b5027dbb2d06941a22372948757685]
* VisualEditor was added to [[bugzilla:48430|all content namespaces]] on mediawiki.org on May 20. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* A new extension (&quot;TemplateData&quot;) was added to all Wikipedia sites on May 20. It will allow a future version of VisualEditor to [[bugzilla:44444|edit templates]]. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* New sites: [[:voy:el:|Greek Wikivoyage]] and [[:wikt:vec:|Venetian Wiktionary]] joined the Wikimedia family last week; the total number of project wikis is now 794. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=5d7536b403730bb502580e21243f923c3b79da0e] [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=43c9eebdfc976333be5c890439ba1fae3bef46f7]
* The logo of 18 Wikipedias was changed to [[w:en:Wikipedia:Wikipedia_logos#The_May_2010_logo|version 2.0]] in a [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2013-May/125999.html third group of updates]. [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commitdiff;h=4688adbe467440eea318eecf04839fdd9ffa0565] 
* The [[:commons:Special:UploadWizard|UploadWizard]] on Commons now shows links to the old upload form in 55 languages ([[:bugzilla:33513|bug 33513]]). [https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/gitweb?p=operations/mediawiki-config.git;a=commit;h=4197fa18a22660296d0e5b84820d5ebb4cef46d4]

;Future software changes:
* The next version of MediaWiki (version 1.22/wmf5) will be added to Wikimedia sites starting on May 27. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* An updated version of [[mw:Echo (Notifications)|Notifications]], with new features and fewer bugs, will be added to the English Wikipedia on May 23. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069458.html]
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Single User Login finalisation announcement|final version]] of the &quot;single user login&quot; (which allows people to use the same username on different Wikimedia wikis) is moved to August 2013. The software will [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-April/000217.html automatically rename] some usernames. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000233.html]
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flow|new discussion system]] for MediaWiki, called &quot;Flow&quot;, is under development. Wikimedia designers need your help to inform other users, [http://unicorn.wmflabs.org/flow/ test the prototype] and discuss the interface. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2013-May/069433.html].
* The Wikimedia Foundation is hiring people to act as links between software developers and users for VisualEditor. [http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-ambassadors/2013-May/000245.html]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:90%; font-style:italic; background:#fdf6e3; padding:1em;&quot;&gt;'''[[m:Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|tech ambassadors]] and posted by [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] • [[m:Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]] • [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|Translate]] • [[m:Tech|Get help]] • [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]] • [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Unsubscribe]] • 21:08, 20 May 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:left; background:#eee8d5; border: .2em solid #dc322f; border-left: .7em solid #dc322f; padding: 1em; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#dc322f;font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;Important note:&lt;/span&gt; This is the first edition of the [[m:Tech/News|Tech News]] weekly summaries, which help you monitor recent software changes likely to impact you and your fellow Wikimedians.

'''If you want to continue to receive the next issues every week''', please '''[[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|subscribe to the newsletter]]'''. You can  subscribe your personal talk page and a community page like this one. The newsletter can be [[m:Tech/News/2013/21|translated into your language]].

You can also [[m:Tech/Ambassadors|become a tech ambassador]], [[m:Tech/News|help us write the next newsletter]] and [[m:Talk:Tech/News|tell us what to improve]]. Your feedback is greatly appreciated. [[m:user:guillom|guillom]] 21:08, 20 May 2013 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0455 --&gt;

== Trademark discussion ==

Hi, apologies for posting this in English, but I wanted to alert your community to a discussion on Meta about potential changes to the Wikimedia Trademark Policy. Please translate this statement if you can. We hope that you will all participate in the discussion; we also welcome translations of the legal team’s statement into as many languages as possible and encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please see the [[:m:Trademark practices discussion|Trademark practices discussion (on Meta-Wiki)]] for more information. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Mdennis_(WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Mdennis_(WMF)|talk]])
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0473 --&gt;

== Free Research Accounts from Leading Medical Publisher.  Come and Sign up! ==

[[:EN:W:TWL|The Wikipedia Library]] gets Wikipedia editors free access to reliable sources that are behind paywalls.  I want to alert you to our latest donation.
*'''[[Cochrane Collaboration]]''' is an independent medical nonprofit organization that conducts systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials of health-care interventions, which it then publishes in the Cochrane Library.
*Cochrane has generously agreed to give ''free, full-access accounts to medical editors''.  Individual access would otherwise cost between $300 and $800 per account.
*'''If you are active as a medical editor, come and [[WP:COCHRANE|sign up :)]]'''
Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:18, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0487 --&gt;

== Cochrane Library Sign-up (correct link) ==

My apologies for the incorrect link:  You can sign up for '''[[:EN:W:Cochrane Collaboration|Cochrane Collaboration]]''' accounts at the [[:EN:W:WP:COCHRANE|COCHRANE sign-up page]]'''. Cheers, [[:EN:W:User:Ocaasi|Ocaasi]] 21:52, 16 June 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0488 --&gt;

== [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|X!'s Edit Counter]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;(Sorry for writing in English. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Requests_for_comment/X!%27s_Edit_Counter/Summary|translate the proposal]].)&lt;/small&gt;

Should [[tools:~tparis/pcount|X!'s edit counter]] retain the opt-in requirement? Your input is strongly encouraged. [[:m:Requests_for_comment/X!'s_Edit_Counter|Voice your input here]].—[[:m:w:User:Cyberpower678|&lt;span style=&quot;color:green;font-family:Neuropol&quot;&gt;cyberpower]] [[:m:w:User talk:Cyberpower678|&lt;sup style=&quot;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Chat]]&lt;sub style=&quot;margin-left:-4.4ex;color:purple;font-family:arnprior&quot;&gt;Automation&lt;/sub&gt; 04:57, 23 June 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0505 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled on 2013-07-09 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On July 9, 2013, [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) will be enabled on this wiki. The ULS provides a flexible way to configure and deliver language settings like interface language, fonts, and input methods (keyboard mappings). Making it available here is the last phase of making ULS available on all Wikimedia wikis.

Please read the announcement on [[m:Announcement Universal Language Selector|Meta-Wiki]] for more information. [[m:User_talk:Siebrand|Siebrand]] 12:54, 4 July 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0515 --&gt;

== Pywikipedia is migrating to git ==

Hello, Sorry for English but It's very important for bot operators so I hope someone translates this.
[[mw:PWB|Pywikipedia]] is migrating to Git so after July 26, SVN checkouts won't be updated If you're using Pywikipedia you have to switch to git, otherwise you will use out-dated framework and your bot might not work properly. There is a [[mw:Manual:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit|manual]] for doing that and a [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/07/23/pywikipediabot-moving-to-git-on-july-26/ blog post] explaining about this change in non-technical language. If you have question feel free to ask in [[mw:Manual talk:Pywikipediabot/Gerrit]], [https://lists.wikimedia.org/mailman/listinfo/pywikipedia-l mailing list], or in the [irc://irc.freenode.net/#pywikipediabot IRC channel]. Best [[mw:User:Ladsgroup|Amir]] &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]).&lt;/small&gt; 13:43, 23 July 2013 (UTC)
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0534 --&gt;

== VisualEditor and your Wikipedia ==

''(Please translate this message)''

Greetings,

The Wikimedia Foundation will soon turn on [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] for all users, all the time on your Wikipedia. Right now your Wikipedia does not have any local documents on VisualEditor, and we hope that your community can change that. To find out about how you can help with translations visit the [[mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral|TranslationCentral for VisualEditor]] and read the easy instructions on [[mw:VisualEditor/Portal/Localization|bringing information to your Wikipedia]]. The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|User Guide]] and the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ|FAQ]] are very important to have in your language.
 
We want to find out as much as we can from you about VisualEditor and how it helps your Wikipedia, and having local pages is a great way to start. We also encourage you to [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|leave feedback on Mediawiki]] where the community can offer ideas, opinions, and point out bugs that may still exist in the software that need to be reported to [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/describecomponents.cgi?product=VisualEditor Bugzilla]. 
If you are able to speak for the concerns of others in English on MediaWiki or locally I encourage you to help your community to be represented in this process.

If you can help translate the user interface for VisualEditor to your language, you can help with that as well. [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc Translatewiki] has open tasks for translating VisualEditor. A direct link to translate the user interface is [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Special:Translate?filter=!translated&amp;action=translate&amp;group=ext-visualeditor here].  You can see how we are doing with those translations [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc here]. You need an account on Translatewiki to translate.  This account is free and easy to create.

If we can help your community in any way with this process, please let me know and I will do my best to assist your Wikipedia with this |exciting development. You can contact me on my [[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|meta talk page]] or by [[Special:EmailUser/Keegan (WMF)|email]].  You can also contact [[mw:User_talk:PEarley_(WMF)|Patrick Earley]] for help with translations and documents on Mediawiki.  We look forward to working with you to bring the VisualEditor experience to your Wikipedia! [[:m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[:m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:12, 30 July 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[:m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]]. (Wrong page? [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Fix here]].)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0549 --&gt;

== HTTPS for users with an account ==

Greetings. Starting on August 21 (tomorrow), all users with an account will be using [[m:w:en:HTTPS|HTTPS]] to access Wikimedia sites. HTTPS brings better security and improves your privacy. More information is available at [[m:HTTPS]].

If HTTPS causes problems for you, tell us [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org on bugzilla], [[m:IRC|on IRC]] (in the &lt;code&gt;#wikimedia-operations&lt;/code&gt; channel) or [[m:Talk:HTTPS|on meta]]. If you can't use the other methods, you can also send an e-mail to &lt;code&gt;https@wikimedia.org&lt;/code&gt;.

[[m:User:Greg (WMF)|Greg Grossmeier]] &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 19:37, 20 August 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0560 --&gt;

== [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Request for consultation on community logo]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Wikimedia Community Logo.svg|thumb|Request for consultation on this community logo]]

First, I’d like to apologize for the English. If you can, please help to translate this for other members of your community.

The legal team at the Wikimedia Foundation would greatly appreciate your input on the best way to manage the &quot;community logo&quot; (pictured here) to best balance protection of the projects with community support. Accordingly, they have created a “request for consultation” on Meta where they set out briefly some of the issues to be considered and the options that they perceive. [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation|Your input would be invaluable]] in helping guide them in how best to serve our mission.

Thank you! --[[m:User:Mdennis|Mdennis]] ([[m:User talk:Mdennis|talk]]) &lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system)&lt;/small&gt;. 03:07, 24 September 2013 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0590 --&gt;

== [[mw:Echo|Notifications]] ==

[[File:Notifications-Flyout-Screenshot-08-10-2013-Cropped.png|thumb|300px|Notifications inform you of new activity that affects you -- and let you take quick action.]]
''(This message is in English, please translate as needed)''

Greetings!  

[[mw:Echo|Notifications]] will inform users about new activity that affects them on this wiki in a unified way: for example, this new tool will let you know when you have new talk page messages, edit reverts, mentions or links -- and is designed to augment (rather than replace) the watchlist. The Wikimedia Foundation's editor engagement team developed this tool (code-named 'Echo') earlier this year, to help users contribute more productively to MediaWiki projects. 

We're now getting ready to bring Notifications to almost all other Wikimedia sites, and are aiming for a 22 October deployment, as outlined in [[mw:Echo/Release_Plan_2013|this release plan]]. It is important that notifications is translated for all of the languages we serve.  

There are three major points of translation needed to be either done or checked:
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-echo#sortable:3=desc Echo on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-thanks#sortable:3=desc Thanks on translatewiki for user interface] - you must have an account on translatewiki to translate
*[[mw:Help:Notifications|Notifications help on mediawiki.org]].  This page can be hosted after translation on mediawiki.org or we can localize it to this Wikipedia.  You do not have to have an account to translate on mediawiki, but single-user login will create it for you there if you follow the link.
:*[[mw:Echo/Release Plan 2013#Checklist|Checklist]]

Please let us know if you have any questions, suggestions or comments about this new tool. For more information, visit [[mw:Echo_(Notifications)|this project hub]] and [[mw:Help:Notifications|this help page]]. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:10, 4 October 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;(via the [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] system) (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|You can fix it.]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0597 --&gt;

== Speak up about the trademark registration of the Community logo. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all, 

Please join the consultation about the Community logo that represents Meta-Wiki: [[:m:Community Logo/Request for consultation]].

This community consultation was commenced on September 24. The following day, two individuals filed a legal opposition against the registration of the Community logo.

The question is whether the Wikimedia Foundation should seek a collective membership mark with respect to this logo or abandon its registration and protection of the trademark. 

We want to make sure that everyone get a chance to speak up so that we can get clear direction from the community.  We would therefore really appreciate the community's help in translating this announcement from English so that everyone is able to understand it.

Thanks, 
[[m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]] &amp; [[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] 20:47, 8 October 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0601 --&gt;

== Introducting Beta Features ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for writing in English. Please translate if necessary)''

We would like to let you know about [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features]], a new program from the Wikimedia Foundation that lets you try out new features before they are released for everyone.

Think of it as a digital laboratory where community members can preview upcoming software and give feedback to help improve them. This special preference page lets designers and engineers experiment with new features on a broad scale, but in a way that's not disruptive.

Beta Features is now ready for testing on [[mw:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|MediaWiki.org]]. It will also be released on Wikimedia Commons and MetaWiki this Thursday, 7 November. Based on test results, the plan is to release it on all wikis worldwide on 21 November, 2013.

Here are the first features you can test this week:
* [[mw:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|Media Viewer]] — view images in large size or full screen
* [[mw:VisualEditor/Beta_Features/Formulae|VisualEditor Formulæ]] (for wikis with [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]]) — edit algebra or equations on your pages
* [[mw:Typography_Update|Typography Refresh]] —  make text more readable (coming Thursday)

Would you like to try out Beta Features now? After you log in on MediaWiki.org, a small 'Beta' link will appear next to your 'Preferences'. Click on it to see features you can test, check the ones you want, then click 'Save'. Learn more on the [[mw:About_Beta_Features|Beta Features page]].

After you've tested Beta Features, please let the developers know what you think on [[mw:Talk:About_Beta_Features|this discussion page]] -- or report any bugs [http://wmbug.com/new?product=MediaWiki%20extensions&amp;component=BetaFeatures here on Bugzilla]. You're also welcome to join [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|this IRC office hours chat]] on Friday, 8 November at 18:30 UTC. 

Beta Features was developed by the Wikimedia Foundation's Design, Multimedia and VisualEditor teams. Along with other developers, they will be adding new features to this experimental program every few weeks. They are very grateful to all the community members who helped create this project — and look forward to many more productive collaborations in the future.

Enjoy, and don't forget to let developers know what you think!  [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 20:34, 5 November 2013 (UTC)
:&lt;small&gt;Distributed via [[m:Global message delivery|Global message delivery]] (wrong page? [[m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|Correct it here]])&lt;/small&gt;, 20:34, 5 November 2013 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0622 --&gt;

== Call for comments on draft trademark policy ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all, 

The Wikimedia legal team invites you to participate in the development of the new Wikimedia trademark policy.

The [[:wmf:Trademark policy|current trademark policy]] was introduced in 2009 to protect the [[:wmf:Wikimedia trademarks|Wikimedia marks]]. We are now updating this policy to better balance permissive use of the marks with the legal requirements for preserving them for the community. The new draft trademark policy is ready for your review [[:m:Trademark policy|here]], and we encourage you to discuss it [[:m:Talk:Trademark policy|here]].

We would appreciate if someone would translate this message into your language so more members of your community can contribute to the conversation.

Thanks, &lt;br /&gt;
[[:m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] &amp; [[:m:User:Geoffbrigham|Geoff]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- EdwardsBot 0657 --&gt;

==VisualEditor coming to this wiki==
Hello. Please excuse the English. I would be grateful if you can translate this message!

VisualEditor is coming to this project on December 2, 2013. VisualEditor is software in development to allow people to edit pages in MediaWiki without needing to learn wikitext syntax (like typing &lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt; to start a link). It is already available and in use on some Wikipedia projects. Please see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/FAQ]] for more information.

When this software arrives, you will have the option to use it or to use the current wikitext editor. When you press “edit”, you will get the new VisualEditor software. To use the wikitext editor, you can press “edit source”. For more information about how to use VisualEditor, see [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User guide]].

We hope that this software will be useful to people in your community, and we can really use your help to make it better! Please let us know if you find any problems. If you're willing and able, please [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/How to report a bug|report the issue in bugzilla]] in the [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&amp;format=guided &quot;VisualEditor&quot; product]. If you would prefer not, please explain the issue you found on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|central feedback page]] on mediawiki.org. Once VisualEditor is made available, if there are any urgent problems, like an unexpected bug suddenly causing widespread severe problems, please e-mail James Forrester, the Product Manager, at jforrester@wikimedia.org for immediate attention.

We would also appreciate help with translation with the pages about VisualEditor here and on MediaWiki.org, and its user interface. To translate the user interface, start by creating an account at [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Special%3AFirstSteps&amp;type=on TranslateWiki]. Once your account request is approved, all you need to do is select your language from [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor#sortable:3=desc this list]. This will give you a list of individual lines and paragraphs. The English original will be on one side, with the option to “edit” on the other. Pressing “edit” will open an edit window where you can work.

The User Guide is another important document.  To translate this, simply go to [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|the MediaWiki.org page]], and select “translate this page”.  Your language should be available from the drop-down menu on the right.  If you want to help with translations and would like to talk about how, please leave a message for me on my talk page.

Thank you, and happy editing! --[[User:Mdennis (WMF)|Mdennis (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Mdennis (WMF)|talk]]) 19:36, 19 November 2013 (UTC)

== Request for comment on Commons: Should Wikimedia support MP4 video? ==

''I apologize for this message being only in English. Please translate it if needed to help your community.''

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|multimedia team]] seeks community guidance on a proposal to support the [[w:MP4|MP4 video format]]. This digital video standard is used widely around the world to record, edit and watch videos on mobile phones, desktop computers and home video devices. It is also known as [[w:MP4|H.264/MPEG-4 or AVC]].

Supporting the MP4 format would make it much easier for our users to view and contribute video on Wikipedia and Wikimedia projects -- and video files could be offered in dual formats on our sites, so we could continue to support current open formats (WebM and Ogg Theora). 

However, MP4 is a patent-encumbered format, and using a proprietary format would be a departure from our current practice of only supporting open formats on our sites -- even though the licenses appear to have acceptable legal terms, with only a small fee required. 

We would appreciate your guidance on whether or not to support MP4. Our Request for Comments presents views both in favor and against MP4 support, based on opinions we’ve heard in our discussions with community and team members. 

[[commons:Commons:Requests for comment/MP4 Video|Please join this RfC -- and share your advice]].

All users are welcome to participate, whether you are active on Commons, Wikipedia, other Wikimedia project -- or any site that uses content from our free media repository.

You are also welcome to join tomorrow's [[m:IRC_office_hours#Upcoming_office_hours|Office hours chat on IRC]],  this Thursday, January 16, at 19:00 UTC, if you would like to discuss this project with our team and other community members.

We look forward to a constructive discussion with you, so we can make a more informed decision together on this important topic. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 06:47, 16 January 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MP4_notice_targets&amp;oldid=7105580 --&gt;

== Universal Language Selector will be enabled by default again on this wiki by 21 February 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
On January 21 2014 the MediaWiki extension [[mw:Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) was [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Jan2014|disabled]] on this wiki. A new preference was added for logged-in users to turn on ULS. This was done to prevent slow loading of pages due to ULS webfonts, a behaviour that had been observed by the Wikimedia Technical Operations team on some wikis. 

We are now ready to enable ULS again. The temporary preference to enable ULS will be removed. A [[commons:File:ULS-font-checkbox.png|new checkbox]] has been added to the Language Panel to enable/disable font delivery. This will be unchecked by default for this wiki, but can be selected at any time by the users to enable webfonts. This is an interim solution while we improve the feature of webfonts delivery.

You can read the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Announcement Feb2014|announcement]] and the [[mw:Universal Language Selector/Upcoming Development Plan|development plan]] for more information. Apologies for writing this message only in English. Thank you. [[m:User_talk:Runab WMF|Runa]]

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Reenable_2014&amp;oldid=7490703 --&gt;

== Amendment to the Terms of Use ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all, 

Please join a discussion about a [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|proposed amendment]] to the [[wmf:Terms of Use|Wikimedia Terms of Use]] regarding undisclosed paid editing and we encourage you to voice your thoughts there. Please translate this statement if you can, and we welcome you to translate the proposed amendment and introduction. Please see [[:m:Terms of use/Paid contributions amendment|the discussion on Meta Wiki]] for more information. Thank you! [[:m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 22:00, 21 February 2014 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7499312 --&gt;

== Call for project ideas: funding is available for community experiments ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:IEG_key_blue.png|100px|right]]

''I apologize if this message is not in your language. Please help translate it.''

Do you have an idea for a project that could improve your community? [[m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants]] from the Wikimedia Foundation help support individuals and small teams to organize experiments for 6 months. You can get funding to try out your idea for online community organizing, outreach, tool-building, or research to help make {{SITENAME}} better. In March, we’re looking for new project proposals. 

Examples of past Individual Engagement Grant projects:
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Build_an_effective_method_of_publicity_in_PRChina|Organizing social media for Chinese Wikipedia]] ($350 for materials) 
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Visual_editor-_gadgets_compatibility|Improving gadgets for Visual Editor]] ($4500 for developers)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/The_Wikipedia_Library|Coordinating access to reliable sources for Wikipedians]] ($7500 for project management, consultants and materials)
*[[m:Grants:IEG/Elaborate_Wikisource_strategic_vision|Building community and strategy for Wikisource]] (€10000 for organizing and travel)

'''[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-applying|Proposals]] are due by 31 March 2014.''' There are a number of ways to [[m:Grants:IEG|get involved]]! 

Hope to have your participation,

--[[m:User:Sbouterse (WMF)|Siko Bouterse, Head of Individual
Engagement Grants, Wikimedia Foundation]] 19:44, 28 February 2014 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:AKoval (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEG/MassMessageList&amp;oldid=7675744 --&gt;

== Proposed optional changes to Terms of Use amendment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, in response to some community comments in the discussion on the amendment to the Terms of Use on undisclosed paid editing,  we have prepared two optional changes. Please [[m:Terms_of_use/Paid_contributions_amendment#Optional_changes|read about these optional changes on Meta wiki]] and share your comments. If you can (and this is a non english project), please translate this announcement. Thanks! [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Slaporte (WMF)]] 21:56, 13 March 2014 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Jalexander@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7592057 --&gt;

== Changes to the default site typography coming soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; 
This week, the typography on Wikimedia sites will be updated for all readers and editors who use the default &quot;Vector&quot; skin. This change will involve new serif fonts for some headings, small tweaks to body content fonts, text size, text color, and spacing between elements. The schedule is: 

* '''April 1st''': non-Wikipedia projects will see this change live
* '''April 3rd''': Wikipedias will see this change live

This change is very similar to the &quot;Typography Update&quot; Beta Feature that has been available on Wikimedia projects since November 2013. After several rounds of testing and with feedback from the community, this Beta Feature will be disabled and successful aspects enabled in the default site appearance. Users who are logged in may still choose to use another skin, or alter their [[Special:MyPage/vector.css|personal CSS]], if they prefer a different appearance. Local [[MediaWiki:Common.css|common CSS]] styles will also apply as normal, for issues with local styles and scripts that impact all users. 

For more information:
* [[mw:Typography refresh|Summary of changes and FAQ]]
* [[mw:Talk:Typography refresh|Discussion page]] for feedback or questions
* [https://blog.wikimedia.org/2014/03/27/typography-refresh/ Post] on blog.wikimedia.org

-- [[m:User:Steven (WMF)|Steven Walling]] (Product Manager) on behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Design|User Experience Design]] team
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Steven (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=7990801 --&gt;

== Media Viewer ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Greetings, my apologies for writing in English.

I wanted to let you know that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] will be released to this wiki in the coming weeks. Media Viewer allows readers of Wikimedia projects to have an enhanced view of files without having to visit the file page, but with more detail than a thumbnail. You can try Media Viewer out now by turning it on in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Features]]. If you do not enjoy Media Viewer or if it interferes with your work after it is turned on you will be able to disable Media Viewer as well in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|preferences]]. I invite you to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|share what you think]] about Media Viewer and how it can be made better in the future.

Thank you for your time. - [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 21:29, 23 May 2014 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/br&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&amp;oldid=8631315 --&gt;

== Media Viewer is now live on this wiki ==

&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Media_Viewer_Desktop_-_Large_Image_Opaque_Info.png|thumb|Media Viewer lets you see images in larger size]]

Greetings— and sorry for writing in English, please translate if it will help your community,

The Wikimedia Foundation's [[mw:Multimedia|Multimedia team]] is happy to announce that [[mw:Multimedia/About Media Viewer|Media Viewer]] was just released on this site today. 

Media Viewer displays images in larger size when you click on their thumbnails, to provide a better viewing experience. Users can now view images faster and more clearly, without having to jump to separate pages — and its user interface is more intuitive, offering easy access to full-resolution images and information, with links to the file repository for editing. The tool has been tested extensively across all Wikimedia wikis over the past six months as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature]] and has been [[mw:Multimedia/Media_Viewer/Release_Plan#Timeline|released]] to the largest Wikipedias, all language Wikisources, and the English Wikivoyage already.

If you do not like this feature, you can easily turn it off by clicking on &quot;Disable Media Viewer&quot; at the bottom of the screen, pulling up the information panel (or in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]]) whether you have an account or not. Learn more [[mw:Help:Multimedia/Media_Viewer#How_can_I_turn_off_this_feature.3F|in this Media Viewer Help page]].

Please let us know if you have any questions or comments about Media Viewer. You are invited to [[mw:Talk:Multimedia/About_Media_Viewer|share your feedback in this discussion on MediaWiki.org]] in any language, to help improve this feature. You are also welcome to [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-all?c=announce-all take this quick survey in English], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-fr en français], [https://www.surveymonkey.com/s/media-viewer-1-es o español].

We hope you enjoy Media Viewer. Many thanks to all the community members who helped make it possible. - [[mw:User:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|Fabrice Florin (WMF)]]  ([[m:User talk:Fabrice Florin (WMF)|talk]]) 21:54, 19 June 2014 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/MassMessage/Multimedia/Media_Viewer&amp;oldid=8631315 --&gt;

== VisualEditor global newsletter—June 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
This is a &lt;u&gt;one-time mailing&lt;/u&gt; to projects that may need this information.  Future newsletters will be available as '''opt-in only'''. To receive future newsletters (about one per month), please '''add your page to the subscribers' list at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter]]. You're welcome to translate to your language.''' 
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#666666;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#A7D7F9;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#339966;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;width:25%; float:left;height:4px; background:#990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - Toolbar - Formatting.png|alt=The character formatting menu|centre|frameless|316x316px]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
The character formatting menu, or &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-style-tooltip}}&quot; menu lets you set bold, italic, and other text styles.  &quot;Clear formatting&quot; removes all text styles and removes links to other pages.

Do you think that clear formatting should remove links?  Are there changes you would like to see for this menu?  [[:mw:Thread:VisualEditor/Feedback/Clearing formatting_and_links|Share your opinion at MediaWiki.org]].

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is mostly working to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs.  You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.''

* They have moved the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialog-command-help-title}}&quot; link out of the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}&quot; menu, into the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-help-tool}}&quot; menu.  Within dialog boxes, buttons are now more accessible (via the Tab key) from the keyboard.
* You can now '''see the target of the link''' when you click on it, without having to open the inspector.
* The team also expanded '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal/TemplateData|TemplateData]]''': You can now add a parameter type  &quot;&lt;code&gt;date&quot;&lt;/code&gt; for dates and times in the [[w:ISO 8601|ISO 8601]] format, and  &quot;&lt;code&gt;boolean&quot;&lt;/code&gt; for values which are true or false.  Also, templates that redirect to other templates (like &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{citeweb}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{cite web}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) now get the TemplateData of their target ([[bugzilla:50964|bug 50964]]).  You can test TemplateData by editing [[:mw:Template:Sandbox/doc]].
* Category: and File: pages now display their contents correctly after saving an edit ([[bugzilla:65349|bug 65349]], [[bugzilla:64239|bug 64239]])
* They have also improved '''reference editing''':  You should no longer be able to add empty citations with VisualEditor (bug 64715), as with references.  When you edit a reference, you can now empty it and click the &quot;use an existing reference&quot; button to replace it with another reference instead. 
* It is now possible to edit '''inline images''' with VisualEditor.  Remember that inline images cannot display captions, so existing captions get removed.  Many other bugs related to images were also fixed.
*  You can now add and edit &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;__DISAMBIG__&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; in  the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}}&quot; menu, rounding out the full set of page options currently planned. 
* The tool to insert '''special characters''' is now wider and simpler.&lt;/div&gt;

=== Looking ahead ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The VisualEditor team has posted a draft of their goals for the next fiscal year.  You can read them and suggest changes [[:mw:Wikimedia Engineering/2014-15 Goals#Editing|on MediaWiki.org]].  

The team posts details about planned work on [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor's roadmap]].  You will soon be able to '''drag-and-drop text''' as well as images.  If you drag an image to a new place, it won't let you place it in the middle of a paragraph.  All dialog boxes and windows will be simplified based on user testing and feedback.  The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''autofill features''']]''' for citations'''.  &lt;mark&gt;Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.&lt;/mark&gt;  Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed.  The designers are also working on support for '''viewing and editing hidden HTML comments''' and '''adding rows and columns to tables'''.  
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Supporting your wiki ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Please read [[:mw:VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor/Citation tool]] for information on configuring the new '''citation template menu''', labeled &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot;.  This menu will not appear unless it has been configured on your wiki.   

If you speak a language other than English, '''we need your help with translating [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]]'''.  The guide is out of date or incomplete for many languages, and what's on your wiki may not be the most recent translation.  Please [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Getting_started_with_translations|contact us]] if you need help getting started with translation work on MediaWiki.org.   

VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects.  If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] or file an enhancement request in Bugzilla.   

Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on '''Saturday, 19 July 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=21&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=19&amp;month=07&amp;year=2014 21:00 UTC]''' (daytime for the Americas and Pacific Islands) or on '''Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 9:00 UTC]''' (daytime for Europe, Middle East, Asia).

If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] (or at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only). Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:33, 25 June 2014 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter_2&amp;oldid=9006419 --&gt;

== Updates related to VisualEditor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''Please help translate this message in your language. Thanks :) ''
Hi, everybody. This is a reminder that we invite you to discuss VisualEditor's recent development and plans ahead during the '''[[:m:IRC office hours|next office hours]]''' with James Forrester (Product Manager):
*[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 Thursday, August 14, 9:00 UTC];
*[http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=09&amp;year=2014 Thursday, September 18, 16:00 UTC].
If you are not able to attend but have a question for James, you can leave your question [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|at mediawiki.org]] or on my talk page &lt;u&gt;by the day before&lt;/u&gt;, and I will try to get a response. We plan to continue these monthly sessions as long as there is community interest, and to announce them through the '''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|VisualEditor global newsletter]]''' as well (please subscribe your talk page there to get the latest news about the software).

Most of the VisualEditor team will be at '''[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Wikimania in London]''' in August! You'll be able to meet the developers during the Hackaton or at the following sessions:
*[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_%E2%80%94_helping_users_edit_more_easily VisualEditor — helping users edit more easily], Saturday, August 9;
*[https://wikimania2014.wikimedia.org/wiki/Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds VisualEditor — engineering against the odds], Sunday, August 10.
WMF community liaisons will share a booth with community advocates at the Community Village and look forward to talking to you there. Thanks for your attention! --[[User:Elitre (WMF)]] 16:02, 31 July 2014 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&amp;oldid=9365654 --&gt;

== VisualEditor global newsletter—July and August 2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|200px]]
''The [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] team is currently working mostly to fix bugs, improve performance, reduce technical debt, and other infrastructure needs. You can find [[:mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]] weekly updates detailing recent work.''
[[File:VisualEditor - Link editing inline box.png|thumb|Dialog boxes in VisualEditor have been re-designed to use action words instead of icons.  This has increased the number of [[:mw:VisualEditor/TranslationCentral#Translate the VisualEditor interface|items that need to be translated]].

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] is also being updated.
|alt=Screenshot of VisualEditor's link tool|240px]]

The biggest visible change since the last newsletter was to the dialog boxes.  '''The design for each dialog box and window was simplified.'''  The most commonly needed buttons are now at the top.  Based on user feedback, the buttons are now labeled with simple words (like &quot;Cancel&quot; or &quot;Done&quot;) instead of potentially confusing icons (like &quot;&lt;&quot; or &quot;X&quot;).  Many of the buttons to edit links, images, and other items now also show the linked page, image name, or other useful information when you click on them.
* '''Hidden HTML comments''' (notes visible to editors, but not to readers) can now be read, edited, inserted, and removed.  A small icon (a white exclamation mark on a dot) marks the location of each comments.  You can click on the icon to see the comment.
* You can now '''drag and drop text''' and templates as well as images.  A new placement line makes it much easier to see where you are dropping the item.  Images can no longer be dropped into the middle of paragraphs.
* '''All references and footnotes ('''&lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;''' tags) are now made through the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; menu''', including the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-reference-tooltip}}&quot; (manual formatting) footnotes and the ability to re-use an existing citation, both of which were previously accessible only through the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu.  The &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-referencelist-tooltip}}&quot; is still added via the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu.
* When you add an image or other media file, you are now prompted to add an '''image caption''' immediately. You can also replace an image whilst keeping the original caption and other settings.
* All tablet users visiting the '''mobile web''' version of Wikipedias will be able to opt-in to a version of VisualEditor from 14 August.  You can test the new tool by choosing the beta version of the mobile view in the Settings menu.
* The '''link tool''' has a new &quot;Open&quot; button that will open a linked page in another tab so you can make sure a link is the right one. 
* The '''&quot;Cancel&quot; button''' in the toolbar has been removed based on user testing.  To cancel any edit, you can leave the page by clicking the Read tab, the back button in your browser, or closing the browser window without saving your changes.
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Looking ahead ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The team posts details about planned work on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  The VisualEditor team [[:mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']]''' for citations''' soon.  &lt;mark&gt;Your [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Reference Dialog|ideas about making referencing quick and easy]] are still wanted.&lt;/mark&gt;  Support for '''upright image sizes''' is being developed.  The designers are also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables'''.  Work to support '''Internet Explorer''' is ongoing.
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Feedback opportunities ===
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

The Editing team will be making two presentations this weekend at '''Wikimania''' in London.  The first is with product manager James Forrester and developer Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_helping_users_edit_more_easily|Saturday at 16:30]].  The second is with developers Roan Kattouw and Trevor Parscal on [[wm2014:Submissions/VisualEditor_—_engineering_against_the_odds|Sunday at 12:30]]. There is a '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Translathon|VisualEditor Translation Sprint]]''' going on during Wikimania; whether you're in London or not, any contributions are welcome!   

Please share your questions, suggestions, or problems by posting a note at the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|'''VisualEditor feedback page''']] or by joining the [[:m:IRC office hours|'''office hours discussion''']] on Thursday, 14 August 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014 09:00 UTC] (daytime for Europe, Middle East and Asia) or on Thursday, 18 September 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=9&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=14&amp;month=08&amp;year=2014http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=16&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=09&amp;year=2014 16:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Europe).   

If you'd like to get this newsletter on your own page (about once a month), please subscribe at [[:w:en:Wikipedia:VisualEditor/Newsletter]] for English Wikipedia only or at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]] for any project. Thank you! --[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 14:40, 9 August 2014 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&amp;oldid=9366342 --&gt;

== Letter petitioning WMF to reverse recent decisions ==

The Wikimedia Foundation recently created a new feature, &quot;superprotect&quot; status. The purpose is to prevent pages from being edited by elected administrators -- but permitting WMF staff to edit them. It has been put to use in only one case: to protect the deployment of the Media Viewer software on German Wikipedia, in defiance of a clear decision of that community to disable the feature by default, unless users decide to enable it.

If you oppose these actions, please add your name to this letter. If you know non-Wikimedians who support our vision for the free sharing of knowledge, and would like to add their names to the list, please ask them to sign an identical version of the letter on change.org.
* [[:m:Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer|Letter to Wikimedia Foundation: Superprotect and Media Viewer]]
* [http://www.change.org/p/lila-tretikov-remove-new-superprotect-status-and-permit-wikipedia-communities-to-enact-current-software-decisions-uninhibited Letter on change.org]

-- [[:m:User:JurgenNL|JurgenNL]] ([[:m:User talk:JurgenNL|talk]]) 17:35, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:JurgenNL@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=9313374 --&gt;

== Process ideas for software development ==

&lt;div class=”mw-content-ltr”&gt;
’’My apologies for writing in English.’’

Hello,

I am notifying you that a brainstorming session has been [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)/Process ideas|started on Meta]] to help the Wikimedia Foundation increase and better affect community participation in software development across all wiki projects. Basically, how can you be more involved in helping to create features on Wikimedia projects?  We are inviting all interested users to voice their ideas on how communities can be more involved and informed in the product development process at the Wikimedia Foundation. It would be very appreciated if you could translate this message to help inform your local communities as well.

I and the rest of [[:m:Community Engagement (Product)|my team]] welcome you to participate. We hope to see you on Meta.

Kind regards,
-- [[m:User:Rdicerb (WMF)|Rdicerb (WMF)]] [[m:User talk:Rdicerb (WMF)|talk]] 22:15, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

&lt;small&gt;--This message was sent using [[m:MassMessage|MassMessage]]. Was there an error? [[m:Talk:MassMessage|Report it!]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=9313374 --&gt;

== Grants to improve your project ==

:''Apologies for English.  Please help translate this message.''
Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals for funding new experiments from September 1st to 30th. Your idea could improve Wikimedia projects with a new tool or gadget, a better process to support community-building on your wiki, research on an important issue, or something else we haven't thought of yet. 
Whether you need $200 or $30,000 USD, Individual Engagement Grants can cover your own project development time in addition to hiring others to help you.
*'''[[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|Submit your proposal]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 2 September 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Sandbox&amp;oldid=9730503 --&gt;

== VisualEditor available on Internet Explorer 11 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|right|frameless|200x200px]]

VisualEditor will become available to users of Microsoft Internet Explorer 11 during today's regular software update.  Support for some earlier versions of Internet Explorer is being worked on.  If you encounter problems with VisualEditor on Internet Explorer, please contact the Editing team by leaving a message at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]] on Mediawiki.org.  Happy editing, [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]] 07:29, 11 September 2014 (UTC). 

PS. Please subscribe to the [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|global monthly newsletter]] to receive further news about VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/All_Wikipedias&amp;oldid=9829651 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #8—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:TemplateData GUI editor with two parameters.png|alt=|centre|frameless|230x230px]]'''Did you know?''' 
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
TemplateData is a separate program that organizes information about the parameters that can be used in a template.  VisualEditor reads that data, and uses it to populate its simplified template dialogs.

With the new TemplateData editor, it is easier to add information about parameters, because the ones you need to use are pre-loaded. 

See [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] for more information about adding TemplateData.  [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing]] team has reduced technical debt, simplified some workflows for template and citation editing, made major progress on Internet Explorer support, and fixed [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=349619&amp;order=priority%252Cbug_severity&amp;product=VisualEditor&amp;query_format=advanced&amp;resolution=FIXED&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-14&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-21&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-08-28&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-04&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-11&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-18&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-09-25&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-02 over 125 bugs and requests]. Several performance improvements were made, especially to the system around re-using references and reference lists.  Weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. 

There were three issues that required urgent fixes: a deployment error that meant that many buttons didn't work correctly (bugs [[bugzilla:69856|69856]] and [[bugzilla:69864|69864]]), a problem with edit conflicts that left the editor with nowhere to go ([[bugzilla:69150|bug 69150]]), and a problem in Internet Explorer 11 that replaced some categories with a link to the system message [[MediaWiki:Badtitletext]] ([[bugzilla:70894|bug 70894]]) when you saved. The developers apologize for the disruption, and thank the people who reported these problems quickly.

=== Increased support for devices and browsers ===
'''Internet Explorer 10 and 11 users now have access to VisualEditor'''. This means that about 5% of Wikimedia's users will now get an &quot;Edit&quot; tab alongside the existing &quot;Edit source&quot; tab.  Support for Internet Explorer 9 is planned for the future.

'''Tablet users''' browsing the site's mobile mode now have the option of using a mobile-specific form of VisualEditor. More editing tools, and availability of VisualEditor on smartphones, is planned for the future. The '''mobile version of VisualEditor''' was tweaked to show the context menu for citations instead of basic references ([[bugzilla:68897|bug 68897]]).  A bug that broke the editor in iOS was corrected and released early ([[bugzilla:68949|bug 68949]]). For mobile tablet users, three bugs related to scrolling were fixed ([[bugzilla:66697|bug 66697]], [[bugzilla:68828|bug 68828]], [[bugzilla:69630|bug 69630]]). You can use VisualEditor on the mobile version of Wikipedia from your tablet by clicking on the cog in the top-right when editing a page and choosing which editor to use.

=== TemplateData editor ===
'''The tool for editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to 30 more Wikipedias this week.'''  Other Wikipedias and some other projects may receive access next month.  This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation.  When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages).  To use it, edit the template page or a subpage, and then click the &quot;{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}&quot; button at the top.  Read [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]].  You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]].  Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself.  Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template.

=== Other changes ===
Several interface '''messages and labels were changed''' to be simpler, clearer, or shorter, based on feedback from translators and editors. The formatting of dialogs was changed, and more changes to the appearance will be coming soon, when VisualEditor implements the new MediaWiki theme from Design.  (A preview of the theme is [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|available on Labs]] for developers.)  The team also made some improvements for users of the '''Monobook''' skin that improved the size of text in toolbars and fixed selections that overlapped menus.

VisualEditor-MediaWiki now supplies the &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-redirect&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;mw-disambig&lt;/code&gt; class on '''links to redirects and disambiguation pages''', so that user gadgets that colour in these types of links can be created.

'''Templates' fields can be marked as '&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;required&lt;/code&gt;' '''in TemplateData.  If a parameter is marked as required, then you cannot delete that field when you add a new template or edit an existing one ([[bugzilla:60358|bug 60358]]). 

Language support improved by making annotations use bi-directional isolation (so they display correctly with cursoring behaviour as expected) and by fixing a bug that crashed VisualEditor when trying to edit a page with a &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;dir&lt;/code&gt; attribute but no &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;lang&lt;/code&gt; set ([[bugzilla:69955|bug 69955]]). 

=== Looking ahead ===
The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon, perhaps in late October.        

The team is also working on support for '''adding rows and columns to tables''', and early work for this may appear within the month.  &lt;mark&gt;Please comment on the design [[:mw:VisualEditor/Design/Table editor#Design Workflow for comments|at Mediawiki.org]].&lt;/mark&gt;

In the future, real-time collaborative editing may be possible in VisualEditor.  Some early preparatory work for this was recently done. 

=== Supporting your wiki ===

At Wikimania, several developers gave presentations about VisualEditor.  A translation sprint focused on improving access to VisualEditor was supported by many people.  '''Deryck Chan''' was the top translator.  Special honors also go to '''संजीव कुमार (Sanjeev Kumar)''', '''Robby''', '''Takot''', '''Bachounda''', '''Bjankuloski06''' and '''Ата'''.  A [[mw:VisualEditor/Translathon#Highlights from the Translathon|summary]] of the work achieved by the translation community is available.  Thank you all for your work.      

This was the first translatable VisualEditor newsletter, so thanks to everybody who made this possible! If it hasn't been delivered in your language, and you'd like to help with translations in the future, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;, so that you will be notified when the next issue is due.      

VisualEditor can be made available to most non-Wikipedia projects.  If your community would like to test VisualEditor, please contact product manager &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User talk:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]&lt;/span&gt; or file an [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=VisualEditor&amp;component=General enhancement request in Bugzilla].    

Please join the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] on Saturday, 18 October 2014 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=18&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=18&amp;month=10&amp;year=2014 18:00 UTC] (daytime for the Americas; evening for Africa and Europe) and on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&amp;iso=20141119T16&amp;p1=1440 16:00 UTC] on [[:w:IRC|IRC]].

''Give feedback on VisualEditor at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]]  Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!''  —&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 09:49, 13 October 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&amp;oldid=10123380 --&gt;

== Meta RfCs on two new global groups ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello all, 

There are currently requests for comment open on meta to create two new global groups. The first is a group for members of the OTRS permissions queue, which would grant them autopatrolled rights on all wikis except those who opt-out. That proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Creation of a global OTRS-permissions user group]]. The second is a group for Wikimedia Commons admins and OTRS agents to view deleted file pages through the 'viewdeletedfile' right on all wikis except those who opt-out. The second proposal can be found at [[m:Requests for comment/Global file deletion review]].

We would like to hear what you think on both proposals. Both are in English; if you wanted to translate them into your native language that would also be appreciated.

It is possible for individual projects to opt-out, so that users in those groups do not have any additional rights on those projects. To do this please start a local discussion, and if there is consensus you can request to opt-out of either or both at [[m:Stewards' noticeboard]].

Thanks and regards, [[m:User:Ajraddatz|Ajraddatz]] ([[m:User talk:Ajraddatz|talk]]) 18:05, 26 October 2014 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Ajraddatz@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=10024331 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (November 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for:

*'''DeGruyter''': 1000 new accounts for English and German-language research. Sign up on one of two language Wikipedias:
**[[w:en:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|English signup]] 
**[[w:de:Wikipedia:De_Gruyter|Deutsch signup]] 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Fold3|Fold3]]''': 100 new accounts for American history and military archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:ScotlandsPeople|Scotland's People]]''': 100 new accounts for Scottish genealogy database
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]''': expanded by 100+ accounts for British newspapers 
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:HighBeam|Highbeam]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for newspaper and magazine archives
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Questia| Questia]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal and social science articles
*'''[[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]]''': 100+ remaining accounts for journal archives

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].23:19, 5 November 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=9909230 --&gt;

== Global AbuseFilter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello,

[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:AbuseFilter|AbuseFilter]] is a MediaWiki extension used to detect likely abusive behavior patterns, like pattern vandalism and spam. In 2013, [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter|Global AbuseFilters]] were enabled on a limited set of wikis including Meta-Wiki, MediaWiki.org, Wikispecies and (in early 2014) all the &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=small.dblist small wikis]&quot;. Recently, global abuse filters were enabled on &quot;[https://noc.wikimedia.org/conf/highlight.php?file=medium.dblist medium sized wikis]&quot; as well. These filters are currently managed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and have shown to be very effective in preventing mass spam attacks across Wikimedia projects. However, there is currently no policy on how the global AbuseFilters will be managed although there are proposals. There is an ongoing [[m:Requests for comment/Global AbuseFilter|request for comment]] on policy governing the use of the global AbuseFilters. In the meantime, specific wikis can opt out of using the global AbuseFilter. These wikis can simply add a request to [[m:Global AbuseFilter/Opt-out wikis|this list]] on Meta-Wiki. More details can be found on [[m:Special:Mylanguage/Global AbuseFilter/2014 announcement|this page]] at Meta-Wiki. If you have any questions, feel free to ask on [[m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter|m:Talk:Global AbuseFilter]].

Thanks,

[[m:User:PiRSquared17|PiRSquared17]], [[m:User:Glaisher|Glaisher]]&lt;/div&gt; — 17:36, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Glaisher@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_AbuseFilter/2014_announcement_distribution_list&amp;oldid=10495115 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #9—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]][[File:VisualEditor - moble tablet switching.png|alt=Screenshot on an iPad, showing how to switch from one editor to the other|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;

VisualEditor is also available on the mobile version of Wikipedia. Log in and click the pencil icon to open the page you want to edit. Click on the gear-shaped settings button in the upper-right corner to pick which editor to use. Choose &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-visual-editor}}&quot; to use VisualEditor, or &quot;{{int:Mobile-frontend-editor-source-editor}}&quot; to use the wikitext editor.

It will remember whether you used wikitext or VisualEditor, and use the same editor the next time you edit an article.  

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has information about how to use VisualEditor. Not all features are available on the mobile website.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many [https://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/buglist.cgi?list_id=355757&amp;product=VisualEditor&amp;query_format=advanced&amp;resolution=FIXED&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-09&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-16&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-23%20%281.25wmf5%29&amp;target_milestone=VE-deploy-2014-10-29%20%281.25wmf6%29 bugs and requests], and worked on support for editing tables and for using non-Latin languages. Their weekly updates are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on Mediawiki.org]]. Informal notes from the recent quarterly review were posted [[m:WMF_Metrics_and_activities_meetings/Quarterly_reviews/Editing/October_2014|on Meta]]. 

=== Recent improvements ===
Basic support for '''inserting tables''' and changing the number of rows and columns in them was just introduced to Wikipedias. Advanced features, like dragging columns to different places, will be added later. 

To help editors find the most important items more quickly, some items in the toolbar menus are now hidden behind '''a &quot;{{int:Ooui-toolbar-more}}&quot; item''', such as &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-annotationbutton-underline-tooltip}}&quot; in the styling menu.

The French Wikipedia should see '''better search results''' for links, templates, and media because the [[:mw:Help:CirrusSearch|new search engine]] was turned on for everyone there. This change is expected at the Chinese and German Wikipedias this week, and the following week at the English Wikipedia. 

The &quot;pawn&quot; system has been mostly replaced. Bugs in this system sometimes added a chess pawn character to wikitext. The replacement provides better support for '''non-Latin languages''', with full support hopefully coming soon. 

VisualEditor is now provided to editors who use '''Internet Explorer''' 10 or 11 on desktop and mobile devices. Internet Explorer 9 is not supported yet.

The '''keyboard shortcuts''' for items in the toolbar menus are now shown in the menus.  

VisualEditor will replace the existing design with a '''new theme''' from the [[mw:Design|User Experience/Design group]]. The appearance of dialog boxes has already changed in the mobile version. The appearance on desktops will change soon. You are welcome to compare [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old &quot;Apex&quot; design]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new &quot;MediaWiki&quot; theme]] which will replace it.

Several bugs were fixed for internal and external links. Improvements to MediaWiki's search solved an annoying problem: If you searched for the full name of the page or file that you wanted to link, sometimes the search engine could not find the page. A link inside a template to a local page that does not exist will now show red, exactly as it does when reading the page. Due to an error, for about two weeks this also affected all external links inside templates. Opening an auto-numbered link node like [http://example.com] with the keyboard used to open the wrong link tool. These problems have all been fixed.

=== TemplateData ===

'''The tool for quickly editing [[mw:Extension:TemplateData|TemplateData]] has been deployed to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on Thursday, 6 November.''' This tool was already available on the biggest 40 Wikipedias, and now all wikis will have access to it. This tool makes it easier to add TemplateData to the template's documentation. When the tool is enabled, it will add a button above every editing window for a template (including documentation subpages). To use it, edit the template or a subpage, and then click the &quot;{{int:templatedata-editbutton}}&quot; button at the top. Read [[mw:Help:TemplateData|the help page for TemplateData]] to learn more about it. You can test the TemplateData editor [[mw:Template:Sandbox/doc|in a sandbox at Mediawiki.org]]. Remember that TemplateData should be placed either on a documentation subpage '''''or''''' on the template page itself. Only one block of TemplateData will be used per template.

You can use the '''new autovalue setting''' to pre-load a value into a template. This can be used to substitute dates, as in [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=632356794&amp;oldid=632356402 this example], or to add the most common value for that parameter. The autovalue can be overridden by the editor, by typing something else in the field.

In TemplateData, you may '''define a parameter as &quot;required&quot;'''.  The template dialog box in VisualEditor will warn editors if they leave a &quot;required&quot; parameter empty, and they will not be able to delete that parameter. If the template can function without this parameter, then please mark it as &quot;{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-suggested}}&quot; or &quot;{{int:Templatedata-doc-param-status-optional}}&quot; in TemplateData instead.

=== Looking ahead ===

The VisualEditor team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' soon. The appearance of the media search dialog will improve, to make picking between possible images easier and more visual. The team posts details about planned work on the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].        

The [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] is being updated to add information about editing tables.
The translations of the user guide for most languages except Spanish, French, and Dutch are significantly out of date. '''Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;action=page&amp;filter= complete the current translations]''' for users who speak your language.  [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Whatamidoing_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new Talk to us] if you need help exporting the translated guide to your wiki.        
    
'''You can influence VisualEditor's design'''! Tell the VisualEditor team what you want changed during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next sessions are on Wednesday, 19 November at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?msg=VisualEditor+office+hour+for+November&amp;iso=20141119T16&amp;p1=1440 16:00 UTC] and on Wednesday 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=7&amp;month=1&amp;year=2015 22:00 UTC]. You can also share your ideas at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback.]]

Also, '''user experience researcher''' [[:mw:User:ARipstra (WMF)|Abbey Ripstra]] is looking for editors to show her how they edit Wikipedia. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for the research program] if you would like to hear about opportunities.

If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or contact [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!
—&lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt; 23:29, 14 November 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/MassMessage/VE_Global_Newsletter&amp;oldid=10491257 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Now Available (December 2014) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today :)]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:ELSEVIER|Elsevier]] - science and medicine journals and books
*[[w:en:WP:RSC Gold|Royal Society of Chemistry]] - chemistry journals
*[[w:en:wp:Pelican Books|Pelican Books]] - ebook monographs
*[[w:en:WP:Public Catalogue Foundation|Public Catalogue Foundation]]- art books

Other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]].00:22, 18 December 2014 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=10542996 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #10—2014 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}width:230px;border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]]
[[File:VisualEditor table editing add and remove columns.png|230x230px|center|frameless|alt=Screenshot showing how to add or remove columns from a table]]
'''Did you know?'''
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size:90%;&quot;&gt;
Basic table editing is now available in VisualEditor. You can add and remove rows and columns from tables at the click of a button.

[[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on table editing and performance. Their weekly status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].

'''VisualEditor was deployed to several hundred remaining wikis''' as an opt-in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]] at the end of November, except for most Wiktionaries (which depend heavily upon templates) and all Wikisources (which await integration with [[mw:Extension:Proofread Page|ProofreadPage]]).

=== Recent improvements ===

Basic support for '''editing tables''' is now available. You can add and delete tables, add and remove rows and columns, set or remove a caption for a table, and merge cells together. To change the contents of a cell, double-click inside it. More features will be added in the coming months. In addition, VisualEditor now ignores broken, invalid &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;rowspan&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;colspan&lt;/code&gt; elements, instead of trying to repair them.

You can now use '''find and replace''' in VisualEditor, reachable through the tool menu or by pressing &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;^ Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;F&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt; or &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;⌘ Cmd&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;F&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;.

You can now create and edit simple &lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; paragraphs for quoting and indenting content. This changes a &quot;{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-paragraph}}&quot; into a &quot;{{Int:Visualeditor-formatdropdown-format-blockquote}}&quot;.

Some '''new keyboard sequences''' can be used to format content. At the start of the line, typing &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;* &lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make the line a bullet list; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;1.&lt;/code&gt;&quot; or &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;#&lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a numbered list; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;==&lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a section heading; &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;: &lt;/code&gt;&quot; will make it a blockquote. If you didn't mean to use these tools, you can press undo to undo the formatting change.

There are also two other keyboard sequences: &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&quot; for opening the link tool, and &quot;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;&quot; for opening the template tool, to help experienced editors. The existing standard keyboard shortcuts, like &lt;kbd&gt;&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;^ Ctrl&lt;/code&gt;&lt;/kbd&gt;+&lt;code class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; to open the link editor, still work. 

If you add a category that has been redirected, then VisualEditor now adds its target. Categories without description pages show up as red.

You can again create and edit '''galleries''' as wikitext code.

=== Looking ahead ===

The current VisualEditor design will be replaced with a '''new theme''' designed by the [[mw:Design|User Experience group]]. The new theme will be visible for desktop systems at mediawiki.org in late December and on other sites in early January. (You can see a developer preview of [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-apex-vector-ltr|the old &quot;Apex&quot; theme]] and [[toollabs:oojs-ui/oojs-ui/demos/index.html#widgets-mediawiki-vector-ltr|the new &quot;MediaWiki&quot; one]] which will replace it.)

The Editing team [[mw:Cite-from-id|plans to add '''auto-fill features''']] '''for citations''' in January.

Planned changes to the media search dialog will make choosing between possible images easier.

=== Let's work together ===

* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].
* Translations of the [[mw:Help:VisualEditor/User_guide|user guide]] for most languages are outdated. Only Ukrainian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Dutch translations are nearly current. Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= complete the current translations] for users who speak your language.
* Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Wednesday, 7 January 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=22&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=7&amp;month=1&amp;year=2015 22:00 UTC].
* File requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program].
* If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]]. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 
18:59, 26 December 2014 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=10823356 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #1—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|300px|right|frameless|alt=VisualEditor]]
Since the last newsletter, the  [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's appearance, the coming Citoid reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. 
Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/status|on mediawiki.org]]. Upcoming plans are posted at the  [[mw:VisualEditor/Roadmap|VisualEditor roadmap]].  

The Wikimedia Foundation has named [[:mw:Wikimedia_Engineering/2014-15_Goals#Top_departmental_priorities_for_Q3_.28January-March_2015.29|its top priorities for this quarter]] (January to March). The first priority is making VisualEditor ready for deployment by default to all new users and logged-out users at the remaining large Wikipedias. You can help identify these requirements. &lt;mark&gt;There will be weekly '''triage meetings '''which''' will be open to volunteers''' beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&amp;p1=224&amp;ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC). &lt;/mark&gt; Tell Vice President of Engineering [[:foundation:User:Damon_Sicore_(WMF)|Damon Sicore]], Product Manager [[:mw:User:Jdforrester_(WMF)|James Forrester]] and other team members which bugs and features are most important to you. The decisions made at these meetings will determine what work is necessary for this quarter's goal of making VisualEditor ready for deployment to new users. The presence of volunteers who enjoy contributing MediaWiki code is particularly appreciated. Information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins. 

Due to some breaking changes in MobileFrontend and VisualEditor, VisualEditor was not working correctly on the mobile site for a couple of days in early January. The teams apologize for the problem. 

=== Recent improvements === 

The''' new design for VisualEditor''' aligns with MediaWiki's [[mw:Frontend standards group|Front-End Standards]] as led by the Design team. Several new versions of the [[mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]] library have also been released, and these also affect the appearance of VisualEditor and other MediaWiki software extensions. Most changes were minor, like changing the text size and the amount of white space in some windows. Buttons are consistently color-coded to indicate whether the action:
* starts a new task, like opening the {{int:visualeditor-toolbar-savedialog}} dialog: &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #015ccc; color:white&quot;&gt; blue &lt;/span&gt;, 
* takes a constructive action, like inserting a citation:  &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #008c6d; color:white&quot;&gt; green &lt;/span&gt;,
* might remove or lose your work, like removing a link:  &lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #a7170f; color:white&quot;&gt;  red &lt;/span&gt;,  or  
* is neutral, like opening a link in a new browser window:  &lt;span style=&quot;color: 757575&quot;&gt;  gray &lt;/span&gt;.  
The '''TemplateData editor''' has been completely re-written to use a different design based on the same OOjs UI system as VisualEditor.   ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T67815 T67815], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73746 T73746].) This change fixed a couple of existing bugs and improved usability. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73077 T73077], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T73078 T73078].) 

'''Search and replace''' in long documents is now faster. It does not highlight every occurrence if there are more than 100 on-screen at once.([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T78234 T78234].)

Editors at the Hebrew and Russian Wikipedia requested the ability to use VisualEditor in the &quot;Article Incubator&quot; or drafts namespace. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T86688 T86688], [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T87027 T87027].) If your community would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''' on your wiki, then you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.

=== Looking ahead === 

The Editing team will soon add '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. The '''[[mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[w:URL|URL]] or [[w:en: Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for ISBNs, PMIDs, and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to contribute to the Citoid service's definitions for each website, to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections.   

We will need editors to help test the '''new design of the special character inserter''', especially if you speak Welsh, Breton, or another language that uses diacritics or special characters extensively. The new version should be available for testing next week. Please contact [[:en:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] if you would like to be notified when the new version is available. After the special character tool is completed, VisualEditor will be deployed to all users at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5 Wikipedias]]. This will affect about 50 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans, Azerbaijani, Breton, Kyrgyz, Macedonian, Mongolian, Tatar, and Welsh'''. The date for this change has not been determined. 

=== Let's work together === 


*Share your ideas and ask questions at [[mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]]. 
*Please help [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Help%3AVisualEditor%2FUser+guide&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter=  complete translations of the user guide] for users who speak your language. 
*Join the weekly bug triage meetings beginning Wednesday, 11 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150211T12&amp;p1=224&amp;ah=1 12:00 (noon) PST] (20:00 UTC); information about how to join the meeting will be posted at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]] shortly before the meeting begins, and you can also contact [[mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James F.]] to learn more about this initiative. 
*Talk to the Editing team during the [[:m:IRC office hours|office hours]] via [[:en:IRC|IRC]]. The next session is on Thursday, 19 February 2015 at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?hour=19&amp;min=00&amp;sec=0&amp;day=19&amp;month=2&amp;year=2015 19:00 UTC].  
*Subscribe or unsubscribe at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you would like to help with translations of this newsletter, please subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready.  Thank you! 

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; 18:30, 5 February 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=10839689 --&gt;

== [Global proposal] m.{{SITENAME}}.org: {{int:group-all}} {{int:right-edit}} ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Mediawiki-mobile-smartphone.png|thumb|MediaWiki mobile]]
Hi, this message is to let you know that, on domains like {{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}.'''m'''.wikipedia.org, '''unregistered users cannot edit'''. At the Wikimedia Forum, where global configuration changes are normally discussed, a few dozens users [[m:Wikimedia Forum#Proposal: restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites|propose to restore normal editing permissions on all mobile sites]]. Please read and comment!

Thanks and sorry for writing in English, [[m:User:Nemo_bis|Nemo]] 22:33, 1 March 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=11428885 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

*[[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]] — humanities and social science books and journals
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:DynaMed|DynaMed]] — clinical reference tool for medical topics
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Royal Pharmaceutical Society|Royal Pharmaceutical Society]] — pharmaceutical information and practice resources
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Women_Writers_Online|Women Writers Online]] — a digital humanities database focused on women's literature
*[[w:en:Wikipedia:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] — American newspapers database w/ Open Access opportunities (expansion of accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 21:14, 2 March 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [[w:en:Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator page]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=10785744 --&gt;

== Inspire Campaign: Improving diversity, improving content ==

This March, we’re organizing an Inspire Campaign to encourage and support new ideas for improving gender diversity on Wikimedia projects. Less than 20% of Wikimedia contributors are women, and many important topics are still missing in our content. We invite all Wikimedians to participate. If you have an idea that could help address this problem, please get involved today! The campaign runs until March 31.

All proposals are welcome - research projects, technical solutions, community organizing and outreach initiatives, or something completely new! Funding is available from the Wikimedia Foundation for projects that need financial support. Constructive, positive feedback on ideas is appreciated, and collaboration is encouraged - your skills and experience may help bring someone else’s project to life. Join us at the Inspire Campaign and help this project better represent the world’s knowledge!
:*[[:m:Grants:IdeaLab/Inspire|Inspire Campaign main page]]
''(Sorry for the English - please translate this message!)'' [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 20:02, 4 March 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&amp;oldid=11457822 --&gt;

== SUL finalization update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,apologies for writing in English, please read [[m:Single_User_Login_finalisation_announcement/Schema_announcement|this page]] for important information and an update involving [[m:Help:Unified login|SUL finalization]], scheduled to take place in one month. Thanks. [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 19:45, 13 March 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Keegan_(WMF)/Everyone_but_meta_and_de&amp;oldid=11538208 --&gt;

== Stewards confirmation rules ==

Hello, I made [[:m:Requests_for_comment/Confirmation_of_stewards|a proposal on Meta]] to change the rules for the steward confirmations. Currently consensus to remove is required for a steward to lose his status, however I think it's fairer to the community if every steward needed the consensus to keep. As this is an issue that affects all WMF wikis, I'm sending this notification to let people know &amp; be able to participate. Best regards, --&lt;small&gt;[[User:MF-Warburg|MF-W]]&lt;/small&gt; 16:13, 10 April 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MF-Warburg@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=11737694 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #2—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]


'''Did you know?'''
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
With [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] in VisualEditor, you click the 'book with bookmark' icon and paste in the URL for a reliable source:


[[File:Citoid in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's first dialog|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


Citoid looks up the source for you and returns the citation results.  Click the green &quot;Insert&quot; button to accept its results and add them to the article:  


[[File:Citoid results in VisualEditor Screen Shot 2015-04-02.png|alt=Screenshot of Citoid's initial results|centre|frameless|230x230px]]


After inserting the citation, you can change it.  Select the reference, and click the &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu to make changes.

[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has fixed many bugs and worked on VisualEditor's performance, the [[:mw:Citoid|Citoid]] reference service, and support for languages with complex input requirements. Status reports are posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on Mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

The weekly '''task triage meetings''' continue to be open to volunteers, each Wednesday at [http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20150401T11&amp;p1=224&amp;am=30 11:00 (noon) PDT] (18:00 UTC).  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|Editing team's Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal|mw:Talk:VisualEditor/Portal]]. 
=== Recent improvements ===
VisualEditor is now substantially faster.  In many cases, opening the page in VisualEditor is now faster than opening it in the wikitext editor. The new system has improved the code speed by 37% and [[:mw:RESTBase|network speed]] by almost 40%.

The Editing team is slowly adding '''auto-fill features''' '''for citations'''. This is currently available only at the French, Italian, and English Wikipedias.  The '''[[:mw:Citoid|Citoid service]]''' takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. After creating it, you will be able to change or add information to the citation, in the same way that you edit any other pre-existing citation in VisualEditor. Support for [[:en:ISBN|ISBNs]], [[:en:PubMed#PubMed_identifier|PMIDs]], and other identifiers is planned. Later, editors will be able to improve precision and reduce the need for manual corrections by contributing to the Citoid service's definitions for each website.

Citoid requires good [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your citation templates.  If you would like to request this feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the TemplateData for the most important citation templates on your wiki.

The '''special character inserter''' has been improved, based upon feedback from active users.  After this, VisualEditor was made available to all users of Wikipedias on the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|Phase 5]] list on 30 March.  This affected 53 mid-size and smaller Wikipedias, including '''Afrikaans''', '''Azerbaijani''', '''Breton''', '''Kyrgyz''', '''Macedonian''', '''Mongolian''', '''Tatar''', and''' Welsh'''. 

Work continues to support languages with complex requirements, such as Korean and Japanese.  These languages use [[w:input method editor|input method editors]] (&quot;IMEs”).  Recent improvements to cursoring, backspace, and delete behavior will simplify typing in VisualEditor for these users.

The design for the image selection process is now using a &quot;masonry fit&quot; model.  Images in the search results are displayed at the same height but at variable widths, similar to bricks of different sizes in a masonry wall, or the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Images#Mode parameter|&quot;packed&quot; mode in image galleries]].  This style helps you find the right image by making it easier to see more details in images.

You can now '''drag and drop categories''' to re-arrange their order of appearance ​on the page.

The pop-up window that appears when you click on a reference, image, link, or other element, is called the &quot;context menu&quot;.  It now displays additional useful information, such as the destination of the link or the image's filename.  The team has also added an explicit &quot;Edit&quot; button in the context menu, which helps new editors open the tool to change the item.

'''Invisible templates are marked by a puzzle piece icon''' so they can be interacted with. Users also will be able to see and edit HTML anchors now in section headings.

Users of the TemplateData GUI editor can now set a string as an optional text for the 'deprecated' property in addition to boolean value, which lets you tell users of the template what they should do instead. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90734 T90734])

=== Looking ahead ===
The special character inserter in VisualEditor will soon use the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki will also have the option of creating a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Instructions for customizing the list will be posted [[:mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].

The team is discussing a test of VisualEditor with new users at the English Wikipedia, to see whether they have met their goals of making VisualEditor suitable for those editors.  The timing is unknown, but might be relatively soon. ([https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T90666 T90666])

=== Let's work together ===

* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback].
* Can you translate from English into any other language?  Please check [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3AMessageGroupStats&amp;x=D&amp;group=ext-visualeditor-ve&amp;suppressempty=1 this list] to see whether more interface translations are needed for your language.  [[m:User talk:Elitre (WMF)|Contact us]] to get an account if you want to help! 
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* File requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the character formatting menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator]. 

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt; 19:48, 10 April 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=11742174 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|Nominations are being accepted for 2015 Wikimedia Foundation elections]] ==

''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translations]] are available.''
[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|100px|right]]
Greetings,

I am pleased to announce that nominations are now being accepted for the 2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections. This year the Board and the FDC Staff are looking for a diverse set of candidates from regions and projects that are traditionally under-represented on the board and in the movement as well as candidates with experience in technology, product or finance. To this end they have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Call for candidates|published letters]] describing what they think is needed and, recognizing that those who know the community the best are the community themselves, the election committee is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|accepting nominations]] for community members you think should run and will reach out to those nominated to provide them with information about the job and the election process.

This year, elections are being held for the following roles:

''Board of Trustees''&lt;br/&gt;
The Board of Trustees is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long term sustainability of the Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection.  There are three positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|the board elections page]].    

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)''&lt;br/&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) Ombud''&lt;br/&gt;
The FDC Ombud receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis.  One position is being filled.  More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

The candidacy submission phase lasts from 00:00 UTC April 20 to 23:59 UTC May 5 for the Board and from 00:00 UTCApril 20 to 23:59 UTC April 30 for the FDC and FDC Ombudsperson. This year, we are accepting both self-nominations and nominations of others. More information on this election and the nomination process can be found on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|the 2015 Wikimedia elections page on Meta-Wiki]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the talk page on Meta, or sent to the election committee's mailing list, board-elections -at- wikimedia.org 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 05:03, 21 April 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Accepting nominations|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=11918510 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections 2015]] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation RGB logo with text.svg|right|75px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Voting has begun]] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|FDC Ombudsperson]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) and ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' will continue during the voting. Nominations for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Board of Trustees]]'' will be accepted until 23:59 UTC May 5.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee|Funds Dissemination Committee]]'' (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities. There are five positions on the committee being filled.

The ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:APG/Funds Dissemination Committee/Ombudsperson role, expectations, and selection process|FDC Ombudsperson]]'' receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]], and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 3 to 23:59 UTC May 10. '''[[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/336|Click here to vote]].''' Questions and discussion with the candidates will continue during that time. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC candidates a question]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015/Questions|Click here to ask the FDC Ombudsperson candidates a question]].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC elections/2015|2015 FDC election page]], the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/FDC Ombudsperson elections/2015|2015 FDC Ombudsperson election page]], and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 Board election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[m:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 03:45, 4 May 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/FDC voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12082785 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this into your local language.''
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:MIT|MIT Press Journals]]''' — scholarly journals in the humanities, sciences, and social sciences  (200 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:Loeb|Loeb Classical Library]]''' — Harvard University Press versions of Classical Greek and Latin literature with commentary and annotation (25 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:RIPM|RIPM]]''' — music periodicals published between 1760 and 1966 (20 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:SAGE Stats|Sage Stats]]''' — social science data for geographies within the United States (10 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]'''  — an extensive legal research database, including 2000 law-related journals as well as international legal history materials (25 accounts)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:12, 4 May 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup Global our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=12114173 --&gt;

== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12206621 --&gt;

== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections 2015] ==

[[File:Wikimedia Foundation logo - vertical (2012-2016).svg|right|100px|link=metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun]]
''This is a message from the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Voting has begun] for [[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2015 elections for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''. Questions and discussion with the candidates for the ''[[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015/Questions|Board]]'' will continue during the voting.

The ''[[metawiki:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]'' is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 17 to 23:59 UTC May 31. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/339?setlang=rw Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/Board elections/2015|2015 ''Board'' election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
-Gregory Varnum ([[metawiki:User:Varnent|User:Varnent]])&lt;br/&gt;
Volunteer Coordinator, [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/Committee|2015 Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]

''Posted by the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 17:20, 17 May 2015 (UTC) • [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015/MassMessages/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[metawiki:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections 2015|Get help]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12206621 --&gt;

== Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then &quot;Pywikipediabot&quot;) was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as &quot;rewrite&quot;, now called &quot;core&quot;) was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core.  If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a  [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem.

There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break.

Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;
The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12271740 --&gt;

== Pywikibot compat will no longer be supported - Please migrate to pywikibot core ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Sorry for English, I hope someone translates this.&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot|Pywikibot]] (then &quot;Pywikipediabot&quot;) was started back in 2002. In 2007 a new branch (formerly known as &quot;rewrite&quot;, now called &quot;core&quot;) was started from scratch using the MediaWiki API. The developers of Pywikibot have decided to stop supporting the compat version of Pywikibot due to bad performance and architectural errors that make it hard to update, compared to core.  If you are using pywikibot compat it is likely your code will break due to upcoming MediaWiki API changes (e.g. [[phab:T101524|T101524]]). It is highly recommended you migrate to the core framework. There is a  [[mw:Manual:Pywikibot/Compat deprecation|migration guide]], and please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Pywikibot/Communication|contact us]] if you have any problem.

There is an upcoming MediaWiki API breaking change that compat will not be updated for. If your bot's name is in [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2015-June/081931.html this list], your bot will most likely break.

Thank you,&lt;br /&gt;
The Pywikibot development team, 19:30, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Ladsgroup@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12271740 --&gt;

== Content Translation beta-feature is now available ==

Hello, [[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has now been enabled as an opt-in beta feature on the Kinyarwanda Wikipedia. To start translating: 

# Please enable the Beta feature in your preferences and check the box for Content Translation. 
# Visit the page [[Special:ContentTranslation]] or to your contributions page to open the tool. 
# Click on the blue button to create a new translation. 
# A dialog will be displayed. In the From section select the language of the original article and the article name, and the language you would like to translate to. Also add the title of the new article (or the original title will be inserted) and click on Translate to begin. Your language preferences will be remembered for the next time. 
# You will see a screen consisting of three columns. The left column contains the text of the source language and the middle column is for the translated text. Using the right column you can perform several actions such as insert source text, remove the inserted text source text, add or remove links etc.  
# After you translate the article, you can publish it directly as a new page on the Kinyarwanda Wikipedia by using the publish button that appears. In case the article gets created by another user while you  were translating, you will see an option to save the newly published translation under your user namespace.  
# The number of published pages can be seen on the [[Special:CXStats|Content Translation stats page]]. 

Since, this is the first time we have installed the tool on this Wikipedia, there are chances that there may be some problems or service disruptions which we are not yet aware of. We will be monitoring the usage to check for any failures or issues, but please do let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Content_translation|Content Translation talk page]] or through [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101669 Phabricator] if you spot any problems that prevent you from using the tool. For more information, please read the information available in the [[:mw:Content_translation/Documentation/User_guide|User Guide]]. You can also view a [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Content_Translation_Screencast_%28English%29.webm short screencast] on how to use Content Translation. Our announcement is written only in English, and we would really appreciate if this message can be translated to reach more users of this Wikipedia. Thank you. --[[User:Runab WMF|Runab WMF]] ([[User talk:Runab WMF|talk]]) 15:35, 9 June 2015 (UTC)

== VisualEditor News #3—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]

'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
When you click on a link to an article, you now see more information:
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-context menu-link tool.png|alt=Screenshot showing the link tool's context menu|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
The link tool has been re-designed:  
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor link tool 2015.png|alt=Screenshot of the link inspector|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
There are separate tabs for linking to internal and external pages.
[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|The user guide]] has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] has created new interfaces for the link and citation tools and fixed many bugs and changed some elements of the design.  Some of these bugs affected users of VisualEditor on mobile devices. Status reports are posted [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. The worklist for April through June is available [[phab:project/sprint/board/1113/|in Phabricator]]. 

A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|test of VisualEditor's effect on new editors]] at the English Wikipedia has just completed the first phase.  During this test, half of newly registered editors had VisualEditor automatically enabled, and half did not.  The main goal of the study is to learn which group was more likely to save an edit and to make productive, unreverted edits.  Initial [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study#Results|results will be posted at Meta]] later this month.    
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features''' '''for citations''' are available at a few Wikipedias through the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]'''.  Citoid takes a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] for a reliable source, and returns a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation.  If Citoid is enabled on your wiki, then the design of the citation workflow changed during May.  All citations are now created inside a single tool.  Inside that tool, choose the tab you want ({{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-auto}}, {{int: citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-manual}}, or {{int:citoid-citeFromIDDialog-mode-reuse}}).  The cite button is now labeled with the word &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}}&quot; rather than a book icon, and the autofill citation dialog now has a more meaningful label, &quot;{{Int:Citoid-citeFromIDDialog-lookup-button}}&quot;, for the submit button.

The '''link tool''' has been redesigned based on feedback from Wikipedia editors and user testing.  It now has two separate sections:  one for links to articles and one for external links. When you select a link, its pop-up context menu shows the name of the linked page, a thumbnail image from the linked page, Wikidata's description, and appropriate icons for disambiguation pages, redirect pages and empty pages (where applicable). Search results have been reduced to the first five pages.  Several bugs were fixed, including a dark highlight that appeared over the first match in the link inspector.  ([[phab:T98085|T98085]])

The '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor now uses the same special character list as the wikitext editor.  Admins at each wiki can also create a custom section for frequently used characters at the top of the list.  Please read the instructions for customizing the list [[mw:VisualEditor/Special_characters|at mediawiki.org]].  Also, there is now a tooltip to describing each character in the special character inserter. ([[phab:T70425|T70425]])

Several improvements have been made to '''templates'''.  When you search for a template to insert, the list of results now contains descriptions of the templates. The parameter list inside the template dialog now remains open after inserting a parameter from the list, so that users don’t need to click on &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-dialog-transclusion-add-param}}&quot; each time they want to add another parameter.  ([[phab:T95696|T95696]]) The team added a '''new property for TemplateData''', &quot;{{int: templatedata-doc-param-example}}&quot;, for template parameters.  This optional, translatable property will show up when there is text describing how to use that parameter. ([[phab:T53049|T53049]])

The '''design''' of the main toolbar and several other elements have changed slightly, to be consistent with the MediaWiki theme.  In the Vector skin, individual items in the menu are separated visually by pale gray bars.  Buttons and menus on the toolbar can now contain both an icon and a text label, rather than just one or the other. This new design feature is being used for the cite button on wikis where the Citoid service is enabled.

The team has released a long-desired improvement to the handling of '''non-existent images'''.  If a non-existent image is linked in an article, then it is now visible in VisualEditor and can be selected, edited, replaced, or removed.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Feedback&amp;lqt_method=talkpage_new_thread mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Wednesday at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q4 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the [[phab:tag/editing_department_2014_15_q4_blockers/|VisualEditor Q4 blocker project]] with the bug.  
* If your Wikivoyage, Wikibooks, Wikiversity, or other community wants to have VisualEditor made available by default to contributors, then please contact [[:m:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]]. 
* If you would like to request the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki, please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]]  for the most important citation templates on your wiki. 
*The team is planning the second VisualEditor-related &quot;translathon&quot; for July. Please follow [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T91108 this task on Phabricator] for details and updates! Announcements will follow in due course.

Subscribe, unsubscribe or change the page where this newsletter is delivered at [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Meta]].  If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!

— &lt;span class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;10:44, 13 June 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=12206605 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (June 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
Today [[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] announces signups for more free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:TANDF|Taylor &amp; Francis]]'''  — academic publisher of journals. The pilot includes two subject collections: Arts &amp; Humanities and Biological, Environment &amp; Earth Sciences. (30 accounts)
*'''[[w:en:WP:World Bank|World Bank eLibrary]]'''  — digital platform containing all books, working papers, and journal articles published by the World Bank from the 1990s to the present.  (100 accounts)
* '''[[w:en:WP:AAAS|AAAS]]''' — general interest science publisher, who publishes the journal ''Science'' among other sources (50 accounts)
'''New French-Language Branch!'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Erudit|Érudit]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%89rudit|en Francais]]) — Érudit is a French-Canadian scholarly aggregator primarily, humanities and social sciences, and contains sources in both English and French. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (50 accounts).
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cairn|Cairn.info]]''' ([[w:fr:Wikip%C3%A9dia:Cairn|en Francais]]) —  Cairn.info is a Switzerland based online web portal of scholarly materials in the humanities and social sciences. Most sources are in French, but some also in English. Signups on both English and French Wikipedia (100 accounts).
* '''[[w:fr:WP:L'Harmattan|L'Harmattan]]''' — French language publisher across a wide range of non-fiction and fiction, with a strong selection of francophone African materials  (1000 accounts).

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including an expansion of accounts for [[w:en:WP:RSUK|Royal Society journals]] and remaining accounts on [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:Wikipedia:JSTOR|JSTOR]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. If you have suggestions for journals or databases we should seek access to [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals/Requests|make a request]]! Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 22:08, 15 June 2015 (UTC)

:''We need your help! Help coordinate Wikipedia Library's account distribution and global development! Please join our team at [[meta:The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup|our new coordinator signup]].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [[meta:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery| Global Mass Message]] tool to [[meta:Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library|The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List]]&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=12455967 --&gt;

== HTTPS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.

Hi everyone.

Over the last few years, the Wikimedia Foundation has [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2013/08/01/future-https-wikimedia-projects/ been working] towards enabling [[m:Special:MyLanguage/HTTPS|HTTPS]] by default for all users, including unregistered ones, for better privacy and security for both readers and editors. This has taken a long time, as there were different aspects to take into account. Our servers haven't been ready to handle it. The Wikimedia Foundation has had to balance sometimes conflicting goals.

[https://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/06/12/securing-wikimedia-sites-with-https/ Forced HTTPS] has just been implemented on all Wikimedia projects. Some of you might already be aware of this, as a few Wikipedia language versions were converted to HTTPS last week and the then affected communities were notified.

Most of Wikimedia editors shouldn't be affected at all. If you edit as registered user, you've probably already had to log in through HTTPS. We'll keep an eye on this to make sure everything is working as it should. Do get in touch with [[:m:HTTPS#Help!|us]] if you have any problems after this change or contact me if you have any other questions.

/[[:m:User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:01, 19 June 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/HTTPS_global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12471979 --&gt;

== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 05:07, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12485605 --&gt;

== Proposal to create PNG thumbnails of static GIF images ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.gif|255px|thumb|The thumbnail of this gif is of really bad quality.]]
[[File:(R)-3-phenyl-cyclohanone.png|255px|thumb|How a PNG thumb of this GIF would look like]]

There is a [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal]] at the Commons Village Pump requesting feedback about the thumbnails of static GIF images: It states that static GIF files should have their thumbnails created in PNG. The advantages of PNG over GIF would be visible especially with GIF images using an alpha channel. (compare the thumbnails on the side)

This change would affect all wikis, so if you support/oppose or want to give general feedback/concerns, please post them to the [[w:c:Commons:Village_pump/Proposals#Create_PNG_thumbnails_of_static_GIF_images|proposal page]]. Thank you. --[[w:c:User:McZusatz|McZusatz]] ([[w:c:User talk:McZusatz|talk]]) &amp; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:37, 24 July 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:-revi@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12485605 --&gt;

== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:42, 31 July 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12909005 --&gt;

== What does a Healthy Community look like to you? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Community Health Cover art News portal.png|300px|right]]
Hi, &lt;br&gt;
The Community Engagement department at the Wikimedia Foundation has launched a new learning campaign. The WMF wants to record community impressions about what makes a healthy online community.
Share your views and/or create a drawing and take a chance to win a Wikimania 2016 scholarship!
Join the WMF as we begin a conversation about Community Health. Contribute a drawing or answer the questions [[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|on the campaign's page.]]
=== Why get involved? ===
'''The world is changing. The way we relate to knowledge is transforming.''' As the next billion people come online, the Wikimedia movement is working to bring more users on the wiki projects. The way we interact and collaborate online are key to building sustainable projects. How accessible are Wikimedia projects to newcomers today? Are we helping each other learn?
&lt;br/&gt;
Share your views on this matter that affects us all!
&lt;br&gt;
'''We invite everyone to take part in this learning campaign. Wikimedia Foundation will distribute one Wikimania Scholarship 2016 among those participants who are eligible.''' 

=== More information ===
* All participants must have a registered user of at least one month antiquity on any Wikimedia project before the starting date of the campaign. 
* &lt;span style=&quot;border-bottom:1px dotted&quot;&gt; All eligible contributions must be done until '''August 23, 2015 at &lt;nowiki&gt;23:59&lt;/nowiki&gt; UTC''' &lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;big&gt; Wiki link: '''[[meta:Grants:Evaluation/Community Health learning campaign|Community Health learning campaign]]''' &lt;/big&gt;
* URL https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Grants:Evaluation/Community_Health_learning_campaign 
* Contact: [[meta:user:MCruz (WMF)|María Cruz]] / Twitter: {{@}}WikiEval #CommunityHealth / email: eval{{@}}wikimedia{{dot}}org
&lt;br&gt;

Happy editing! 
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:59, 1 August 2015 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MCruz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=12909005 --&gt;

== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is coming ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

When using data from Wikidata on Wikipedia and other sister projects, there is currently a limitation in place that hinders some use cases: data can only be accessed from the corresponding item. So, for example, the Wikipedia article about Berlin can only get data from the Wikidata item about Berlin but not from the item about Germany. This had technical reasons. We are now removing this limitation. It is already done for many projects. Your project is one of the next ones. We will roll out this feature here on August 12.

We invite you to play around with this new feature if you are one of the people who have been waiting for this for a long time. If you have technical issues/questions with this you can come to [[d:Wikidata:Contact the development team]].

A note of caution: Please be careful with how many items you use for a single page. If it is too many pages, loading might get slow. We will have to see how the feature behaves in production to see where we need to tweak and how.

How to use it, once it is enabled:
* Parser function: &lt;nowiki&gt;{{#property:P36|from=Q183}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; to get the capital from the item about Germany
* Lua: see [[mw:Extension:Wikibase Client/Lua]]

Cheers [[:d:User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher]] [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:46, 3 August 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&amp;oldid=12981073 --&gt;

== Wikidata: Access to data from arbitrary items is here ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
(Sorry for writing in English)

Hi everyone,

As I have previously announced here we have now enabled the arbitrary access feature here. This means from now on you can make use of data from any Wikidata item in any article here. Before you could for example only access data about Berlin in the article about Berlin. If you want to find out more or have questions please come to [[d:Wikidata:Arbitrary access]]. I hope this will open up great possibilities for you and make your work easier.
Cheers [[:d:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)|Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)]] 13:32, 12 August 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lydia_Pintscher_(WMDE)/Distribution_List&amp;oldid=12983468 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #4—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  
You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click.

Select the relevant text.  Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
Click the button.  VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices.   

=== Wikimania ===
The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. 

Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ne&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;जनक राज भट्ट&lt;/span&gt; (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''.

For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%).   

For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%''').  There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%).   

[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative.   

=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia.  The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]].  So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool.  To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]].

Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. 
In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete.  VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software.     

=== Future changes ===
The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link.  When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box.  If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link.  If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not.  This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not.

On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors.  A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term.  New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting.  You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]].  The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice  between the two editing environments.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]]  needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help.  
* If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.
* Please file requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].   
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt; —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 22:28, 14 August 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=12980645 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #4—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/August|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  
You can add quotations marks before and after a title or phrase with a single click.

Select the relevant text.  Find the correct quotations marks in the special character inserter tool (marked as Ω in the toolbar).&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 2.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool, selected text, and the special character that will be inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
Click the button.  VisualEditor will add the quotation marks on either side of the text you selected.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor Special character inserter quotation 3.png|alt=Screenshot showing the special character tool and the same text after the special character has been inserted|centre|frameless|230px]]
&lt;br&gt;
You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use VisualEditor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|Editing Team]] have been working on mobile phone support. They have fixed many bugs and improved language support.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving language support and functionality on mobile devices.   

=== Wikimania ===
The team attended Wikimania 2015 in Mexico City. There they participated in the Hackathon and met with individuals and groups of users. They also made several presentations about [[c:File:How_we_made_VisualEditor_faster.pdf|VisualEditor]] and the [[:c:File:Wikimania_2015_–_Editing_Department_–_Beyond_Editing.pdf|future of editing]]. 

Following Wikimania, we announced winners for the [https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon VisualEditor 2015 Translathon]. Our thanks and congratulations to users ''Halan-tul'', ''Renessaince'', ''&lt;span lang=&quot;ne&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;जनक राज भट्ट&lt;/span&gt; (Janak Bhatta)'', ''Vahe Gharakhanyan'', ''Warrakkk'', and ''Eduardogobi''.

For '''interface messages''' (translated at [https://translatewiki.net translatewiki.net]), we saw the initiative affecting 42 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 56.5% before the translathon, and 78.2% after ('''+21.7%'''). In particular, Sakha improved from 12.2% to 94.2%; Brazilian Portuguese went from 50.6% to 100%; Taraškievica went from 44.9% to 85.3%; Doteli went from 1.3% to 41.2%. Also, while 1.7% of the messages were outdated across all languages before the translathon, the percentage dropped to 0.8% afterwards (-0.9%).   

For '''documentation messages''' (on mediawiki.org), we saw the initiative affecting 24 languages. The average progress in translations across all languages was 26.6% before translathon, and 46.9% after ('''+20.3%''').  There were particularly notable achievements for three languages. Armenian improved from 1% to 99%; Swedish, from 21% to 99%, and Brazilian Portuguese, from 34% to 83%. Outdated translations across all languages were reduced from 8.4% before translathon to 4.8% afterwards (-3.6%).   

[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/Project:VisualEditor/2015_Translathon#Graphs_(interface_messages_only) We published some graphs] showing the effect of the event on the Translathon page. We thank the translators for participating and the translatewiki.net staff for facilitating this initiative.   

=== Recent improvements ===
'''Auto-fill features for citations''' can be enabled on each Wikipedia.  The tool uses the '''[[:mw:Citoid|citoid service]]''' to convert a [[:en:URL|URL]] or [[:en:Digital object identifier|DOI]] into a pre-filled, pre-formatted bibliographic citation. You can see an animated GIF of the quick, [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/GIFs#Auto-citing_a_source|simple process at mediawiki.org]].  So far, about a dozen Wikipedias have enabled the auto-citation tool.  To enable it for your wiki, follow the [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|instructions at mediawiki.org]].

Your wiki can customize the first section of the '''special character inserter''' in VisualEditor. Please follow the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Special_characters|instructions at mediawiki.org]] to put the characters you want at the top. 
In other changes, if you need to fill in a [[:mw:CAPTCHA|CAPTCHA]] and get it wrong, then you can click to get a new one to complete.  VisualEditor can now display and edit [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:Graph|Vega-based graphs]]. If you use the Monobook skin, VisualEditor's appearance is now more consistent with other software.     

=== Future changes ===
The team will be changing the '''appearance of selected links''' inside VisualEditor. The purpose is to make it easy to see whether your cursor is inside or outside the link.  When you select a link, the link label (the words shown on the page) will be enclosed in a faint box.  If you place your cursor inside the box, then your changes to the link label will be part of the link.  If you place your cursor outside the box, then it will not.  This will make it easy to know when new characters will be added to the link and when they will not.

On the English Wikipedia, 10% of newly created accounts are now offered both the visual and the wikitext editors.  A [[m:Research:VisualEditor's_effect_on_newly_registered_editors/May_2015_study|recent controlled trial]] showed no significant difference in survival or productivity for new users in the short term.  New users with access to VisualEditor were very slightly less likely to produce results that needed reverting.  You can learn more about this by watching a video of the [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Research/Showcase#July_2015|July 2015 Wikimedia Research Showcase]].  The proportion of new accounts with access to both editing environments will be gradually increased over time. Eventually all new users have the choice  between the two editing environments.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page is now using [[mw:Flow|Flow]] instead of LiquidThreads.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]]  needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|mediawiki.org]] if you can help.  
* If your wiki would like '''VisualEditor enabled on another namespace''', you can file a request in Phabricator. Please include a link to a community discussion about the requested change.
* Please file requests for language-appropriate &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-bold-tooltip}}&quot; and &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-italic-tooltip}}&quot; icons for the styling menu [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/create/?projects=PHID-PROJ-dafezmpv6huxg3taml24 in Phabricator].   
* The design research team wants to see how real editors work. Please [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for their research program]. 
* The weekly task triage meetings continue to be open to volunteers, usually on Tuesdays at 12:00 (noon) PDT (19:00 UTC).  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration as a Q1 blocker, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt; —[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:05, 15 August 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=12980645 --&gt;

== How can we improve Wikimedia grants to support you better? ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Hello,

The Wikimedia Foundation would like your feedback about how we can '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|reimagine Wikimedia Foundation grants]]''', to better support people and ideas in your Wikimedia project.  Ways to participate:

*Respond to questions on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants|the discussion page of the idea]].
*Join a [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|small group conversation]].   
*Learn more about [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Consultation|this consultation]].
Feedback is welcome in any language.

With thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation.

([[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/ProjectTargets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt; 23:08, 18 August 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&amp;oldid=13196071 --&gt;

== Introducing the Wikimedia public policy site ==

Hi all,

We are excited to introduce a new Wikimedia Public Policy site. The site includes resources and position statements on access, copyright, censorship, intermediary liability, and privacy. The site explains how good public policy supports the Wikimedia projects, editors, and mission.

Visit the public policy portal: https://policy.wikimedia.org/

Please help translate the [[m:Public policy|statements on Meta Wiki]]. You can [http://blog.wikimedia.org/2015/09/02/new-wikimedia-public-policy-site/ read more on the Wikimedia blog].

Thanks,

[[m:User:YWelinder (WMF)|Yana]] and [[m:User:Slaporte (WMF)|Stephen]] ([[m:User talk:Slaporte (WMF)|Talk]]) 18:13, 2 September 2015 (UTC)

''(Sent with the [[m:MassMessage#Global_message_delivery|Global message delivery system]])''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Slaporte (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Slaporte_(WMF)/Announcing_public_policy_site&amp;oldid=13439030 --&gt;

== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 20:52, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=13476366 --&gt;

== Open call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

''My apologies for posting this message in English. Please help translate it if you can.''

Greetings!  The '''[[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' until September 29th to fund new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental ideas that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.  Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), Individual Engagement Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.

*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]] or [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|an upcoming Hangout session]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

Thanks,

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]], Wikimedia Foundation. 21:56, 4 September 2015 (UTC)

([[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)/IEG 2015 Targets|''Opt-out Instructions'']]) &lt;small&gt;This message was sent by [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) through [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=13476366 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete 
* '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access &quot;clipping&quot; feature (1000 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development   (50 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' -  one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) 
* '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]'''  - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including  expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

:''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=13664781 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Database Access (September 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCOHost]]''' - this is one of our largest access donations so far: access to a wide variety of academic, newspaper and magazine sources through their Academic Search Complete, Business Source Complete and MasterFILE Complete 
* '''[[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]''' - historical newspapers from the United States, Canada, UK and 20 other countries, and includes an Open Access &quot;clipping&quot; feature (1000 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:WP:IMF|IMF Elibary]]'''- a digital collection of the IMF's reports, studies and research on global economics and development   (50 accounts) 
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Sabinet|Sabinet]]''' -  one of the largest African digital publishers, based in South Africa, with a wide range of content in English and other European and African languages (10 accounts) 
* '''[[w:fr:Wikipédia:Numérique Premium|Numérique Premium]]''' - a French language social science and humanities ebook database, with topical collections on a wide range of topics (100)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة_ويكيبيديا/المنهل|Al Manhal]]''' - an Arabic and English database with a wide range of sources, largely focused on or published in the Middle East (60 accounts)
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/جملون|Jamalon]]'''  - an Arabic book distributor, who is providing targeted book delivery to volunteers (50 editors)

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including  expanded accounts for [[w:en:WP:Elsevier ScienceDirect|Elsevier ScienceDirect]], [[w:en:WP:BMJ|British Medical Journal]] and [[w:en:WP:Dynamed|Dynamed]] and additional accounts for [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]], [[w:en:WP:Highbeam|Highbeam]] and [[w:en:HeinOnline|HeinOnline]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 19:42, 16 September 2015 (UTC)

:''We need help! Help us coordinate Wikipedia Library's distribution of accounts, communication of access opportunities and more! Please join our team at [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/The_Wikipedia_Library/Coordinators/Signup our new coordinator signup].''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=13664781 --&gt;

== Only one week left for Individual Engagement Grant proposals! ==

(Apologies for using English below, please help translate if you are able.)

'''There is still one week left to submit [[m:IEG|Individual Engagement Grant]] (IEG) proposals''' before the September 29th deadline.  If you have ideas for new tools, community-building processes, and other experimental projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]]
*[[m:Grants:IdeaLab|'''Get help''' with your proposal in IdeaLab]]
*[[m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]], [[m:Community Resources|Community Resources]] 21:02, 22 September 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=13754911 --&gt;

== Reimagining WMF grants report ==

''(My apologies for using English here, please help translate if you are able.)''

Last month, we asked for community feedback on [[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants| a proposal to change the structure of WMF grant programs]]. Thanks to the 200+ people who participated!  '''[[m:Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/Outcomes|
A report]]''' on what we learned and changed based on this consultation is now available.

Come read about the findings and next steps as WMF’s Community Resources team begins to implement changes based on your feedback. Your questions and comments are welcome on [[m:Grants talk:IdeaLab/Reimagining WMF grants/Outcomes|the outcomes discussion page]].

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 16:56, 28 September 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grants:IdeaLab/Reimagining_WMF_grants/ProjectTargets&amp;oldid=13850666 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #5—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/October|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

You can use the visual editor on smartphones and tablets.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:Switching edit modes to VisualEditor on Mobile web.png|alt=Screenshot showing the menu for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]&lt;br&gt;
Click the pencil icon to open the editor for a page.  Inside that, use the gear menu in the upper right corner to &quot;{{int:mobile-frontend-editor-switch-visual-editor}}&quot;.

The editing button will remember which editing environment you used last time, and give you the same one next time.  The desktop site will be switching to a system similar to this one in the coming months.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs, added new features, and made some small design changes.  They post weekly status reports [[mw:VisualEditor/changelog|on mediawiki.org]]. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages like Japanese and Arabic, making it easier to edit on mobile devices, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading.   
=== Recent improvements ===
'''Educational features:''' The first time ever you use the visual editor, it now draws your attention to the {{Int:visualeditor-annotationbutton-link-tooltip}} and {{Int:visualeditor-toolbar-cite-label}} tools.  When you click on the tools, it explains why you should use them. ([[Phab:T108620|T108620]]) Alongside this, the welcome message for new users has been simplified to make editing more welcoming. ([[Phab:T112354|T112354]])  More in-software educational features are planned.  

'''Links:'''  It is now easier to understand when you are adding text to a link and when you are typing plain text next to it. ([[Phab:T74108|T74108]], [[Phab:T91285|T91285]])  The editor now fully supports ISBN, PMID or RFC numbers. ([[Phab:T109498|T109498]], [[Phab:T110347|T110347]], [[Phab:T63558|T63558]])  These  [[:en:Help:Magic_links|&quot;magic links&quot;]] use a custom link editing tool.  

'''Uploads:'''  Registered editors can now '''upload images''' and other media to Commons while editing.  Click the new tab in the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}} {{int:visualeditor-dialogbutton-media-tooltip}}&quot; tool.  You will be guided through the process without having to leave your edit.  At the end, the image will be inserted. This tool is limited to one file at a time, owned by the user, and licensed under Commons's standard license.  For more complex situations, the tool links to more advanced upload tools.  You can also drag the image into the editor.  This will be available in the wikitext editor later. 

'''Mobile:'''  Previously, the visual editor was available on the mobile Wikipedia site only on tablets. Now, editors can use it on all devices regardless of size if they wish. ([[Phab:T85630|T85630]])  Edit conflicts were previously broken on the mobile website. Edit conflicts can now be resolved in both wikitext and visual editors. ([[Phab:T111894|T111894]])  Sometimes templates and similar items could not be deleted on the mobile website.  Selecting them caused the on-screen keyboard to hide with some browsers.  Now there is a new &quot;{{int:Visualeditor-contextitemwidget-label-remove}}&quot; button, so that these things can be removed if the keyboard hides. ([[Phab:T62110|T62110]]) You can also edit table cells in mobile now.

'''Rich editing tools:'''  You can now add and edit '''sheet''' '''music''' in the visual editor. ([[Phab:T112925|T112925]])  There are separate tabs for advanced options, such as MIDI and Ogg audio files. ([[Phab:T114227|T114227]], [[Phab:T113354|T113354]])  When editing '''formulæ''' and other blocks, errors are shown as you edit.  It is also possible to edit some types of '''graphs'''; adding new ones, and support for new types, will be coming. 

On the '''English Wikipedia''', the visual editor is now automatically available to anyone who creates an account.  The preference switch was moved to the normal location, under [[Special:Preferences]].
=== Future changes ===
You will soon be able to '''switch from the wikitext to the visual editor''' after you start editing. ([[phab:T49779|T49779]]) Previously, you could only switch from the visual editor to the wikitext editor.  Bi-directional switching will make possible a '''single edit tab.''' ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) This project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab, similar to the system already used on the mobile website.  The &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time.

=== Let's work together ===
* Share your ideas and ask questions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback|VisualEditor/Feedback]].  This feedback page uses [[mw:Flow|Flow]] for discussions.
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]).  
* Local admins can [[mediawikiwiki:Citoid/Enabling_Citoid_on_your_wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]].  If you need help, then please post a request in the [[phab:tag/citoid/|Citoid project on Phabricator]]. Include links to the [[:mw:Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for the most important citation templates on your wiki.
* The weekly task triage meetings are open to volunteers.  Learn how to join the meetings and how to nominate bugs at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  You do not need to attend the meeting to nominate a bug for consideration, though.  Instead, go to Phabricator and &quot;associate&quot; the main [[phab:project/profile/483/|VisualEditor project]] with the bug. 

If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 18:18, 30 October 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=14334116 --&gt;

== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting in English. Translations are very welcome.

The [[:m:Community Tech|Community Tech team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation is focused on building improved curation and moderation tools for experienced Wikimedia contributors. We're now starting a '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]]''' to find the most useful projects that we can work on.

For phase 1 of the survey, we're inviting all active contributors to submit brief proposals, explaining the project that you'd like us to work on, and why it's important. Phase 1 will last for 2 weeks. In phase 2, we'll ask you to vote on the proposals. Afterwards, we'll analyze the top 10 proposals and create a prioritized wishlist.

While most of this process will be conducted in English, we're inviting people from any Wikimedia wiki to submit proposals. We'll also invite volunteer translators to help translate proposals into English. 

Your proposal should include: the problem that you want to solve, who would benefit, and a proposed solution, if you have one. You can submit your proposal on the Community Wishlist Survey page, using the entry field and the big blue button. We will be accepting proposals for 2 weeks, ending on November 23.
 
We're looking forward to hearing your ideas!

&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech Team via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:57, 9 November 2015 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&amp;oldid=14554458 --&gt;

== Wikimania 2016 scholarships ambassadors needed ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! [[wm2016:|Wikimania 2016]] scholarships will soon be open; by the end of the week we'll form the committee and we need your help, see [[wm2016:Special:MyLanguage/Scholarship committee|Scholarship committee]] for details.

If you want to carefully review nearly a thousand applications in January, you might be a perfect committee member. Otherwise, you can '''volunteer as &quot;ambassador&quot;''': you will observe all the committee activities, ensure that people from your language or project manage to apply for a scholarship, translate '''scholarship applications written in your language''' to English and so on. Ambassadors are allowed to ask for a scholarship, unlike committee members.

[[wm2016:Scholarship committee|Wikimania 2016 scholarships subteam]] 10:48, 10 November 2015 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Nemo bis@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=14347818 --&gt;

== Harassment consultation ==

{{int:Please-translate}}

The Community Advocacy team the Wikimedia Foundation has opened a consultation on the topic of '''harassment''' on [[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Meta]]. The consultation period is intended to run for one month from today, November 16, and end on December 17. Please share your thoughts there on harassment-related issues facing our communities and potential solutions. (Note: this consultation is not intended to evaluate specific cases of harassment, but rather to discuss the problem of harassment itself.)
::*[[m:Harassment consultation 2015|Harassment consultation 2015]]  
:Regards, [[m:Community Advocacy|Community Advocacy, Wikimedia Foundation]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Inspire_Mass_Message&amp;oldid=14684364 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Your input requested on the proposed #FreeBassel banner campaign]] ==

''This is a message regarding the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|proposed 2015 Free Bassel banner]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translations]] are available.''

Hi everyone,

This is to inform all Wikimedia contributors that a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|straw poll seeking your involvement]] has just been started on Meta-Wiki.

As some of your might be aware, a small group of Wikimedia volunteers have proposed a banner campaign informing Wikipedia readers about the urgent situation of our fellow Wikipedian, open source software developer and Creative Commons activist, [[:w:Bassel Khartabil|Bassel Khartabil]]. An exemplary [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|banner]] and an [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner|explanatory page]] have now been prepared, and translated into about half a dozen languages by volunteer translators.

We are seeking [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|your involvement to decide]] if the global Wikimedia community approves starting a banner campaign asking Wikipedia readers to call on the Syrian government to release Bassel from prison. We understand that a campaign like this would be unprecedented in Wikipedia's history, which is why we're seeking the widest possible consensus among the community.

Given Bassel's urgent situation and the resulting tight schedule, we ask everyone to [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/Banner/Straw poll|get involved with the poll and the discussion]] to the widest possible extent, and to promote it among your communities as soon as possible.

(Apologies for writing in English; please kindly [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|translate]] this message into your own language.)

Thank you for your participation!

''Posted by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] 21:47, 25 November 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Free Bassel/MassMessages/2015 Free Bassel banner straw poll|Translate]] • [[:m:Talk:Free Bassel/Banner|Get help]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Varnent@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=14758733 --&gt;

== Community Wishlist Survey ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 

Hi everyone! Apologies for posting this in English. Translations are very welcome.

We're beginning the second part of the Community Tech team's '''[[:m:2015 Community Wishlist Survey/Voting|Community Wishlist Survey]]''', and we're inviting all active contributors to vote on the proposals that have been submitted.

Thanks to you and other Wikimedia contributors, 111 proposals were submitted to the team. We've split the proposals into categories, and now it's time to vote! You can vote for any proposal listed on the pages, using the &lt;nowiki&gt;{{Support}}&lt;/nowiki&gt; tag. Feel free to add comments pro or con, but only support votes will be counted. The voting period will be 2 weeks, ending on December 14.

The proposals with the most support votes will be the team's top priority backlog to investigate and address. Thank you for participating, and we're looking forward to hearing what you think!

Community Tech via
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:39, 1 December 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/Global_distribution&amp;oldid=14913494 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (December 2015) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|150px|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for, free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] - multidisciplinary periodicals, newspapers, and reference sources - 10 accounts
* [[w:en:Wikipedia:Brill|Brill]] - academic e-books and journals in English, Dutch, and other languages - 25 accounts
* [[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Suomalaisen_Kirjallisuuden_Seura|Finnish Literature Society]] (in Finnish)
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:مگ‌ایران|Magiran]] (in Farsi) - scientific journal articles - 100 articles
* [[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:سیویلیکا|Civilica]] (in Farsi) - Iranian journal articles, seminars, and conferences - 50 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 01:01, 11 December 2015 (UTC)

:''Help us a start Wikipedia Library in your language! Email us at wikipedialibrary@wikimedia.org''&lt;br&gt;
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=14689842 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Get involved in Wikipedia 15!]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|Translations]] are available.''

[[File:International-Space-Station wordmark blue.svg|right|200px]]

As many of you know, January 15 is Wikipedia’s 15th Birthday!

People around the world are getting involved in the celebration and have started adding their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|events on Meta Page]]. While we are celebrating Wikipedia's birthday, we hope that all projects and affiliates will be able to utilize this celebration to raise awareness of our community's efforts.

Haven’t started planning? Don’t worry, there’s lots of ways to get involved. Here are some ideas:

* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events|Join/host an event]]'''. We already have more than 80, and hope to have many more.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media|Talk to local press]]'''. In the past 15 years, Wikipedia has accomplished extraordinary things. We’ve made a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/15 years|handy summary]] of milestones and encourage you to add your own. More resources, including a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Media#releases|press release template]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Movement Communications Skills|resources on working with the media]], are also available.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Material|Design a Wikipedia 15 logo]]'''. In place of a single icon for Wikipedia 15, we’re making dozens. Add your own with something fun and representative of your community. Just use the visual guide so they share a common sensibility.
* '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15/Events/Package#birthdaywish|Share a message on social media]]'''. Tell the world what Wikipedia means to you, and add #wikipedia15 to the post. We might re-tweet or share your message!

Everything is linked on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 15|Wikipedia 15 Meta page]]. You’ll find a set of ten data visualization works that you can show at your events, and a [[c:Category:Wikipedia15 Mark|list of all the Wikipedia 15 logos]] that community members have already designed.

If you have any questions, please contact [[m:User:ZMcCune (WMF)|Zachary McCune]] or [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]].

Thanks and Happy nearly Wikipedia 15!&lt;br /&gt;
-The Wikimedia Foundation Communications team

''Posted by the [[m:User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]], 20:58, 18 December 2015 (UTC) • [[m:Wikipedia 15/MassMessages/Get involved|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikipedia 15|{{int:help}}]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=15158198 --&gt;

== VisualEditor News #6—2015 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

A new, simpler system for editing will offer a single Edit button.  Once the page has opened, you can switch back and forth between visual and wikitext editing.      

[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up dialog for switching from the wikitext editor to the visual editor|centre|frameless|230x230px]]&lt;br&gt;

If you prefer having separate edit buttons, then you can set that option in your preferences, either in a pop-up dialog the next time you open the visual editor, or by going to [[Special:Preferences]] and choosing the setting that you want: &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[File:VisualEditor single edit tab in preferences 2015-12-18.png|alt=Screenshot showing a drop-down menu in Special:Preferences|centre|frameless|230x230px]]

The current plan is for the default setting to have the Edit button open the editing environment you used most recently. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2015/December|Read this in another language]]  •  [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:VisualEditor|visual editor team]] has fixed many bugs and expanded the mathematics formula tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for languages such as Japanese and Arabic, and providing rich-media tools for formulæ, charts, galleries and uploading.   

=== Recent improvements ===
You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing.    
The '''LaTeX mathematics formula editor''' has been significantly expanded. ([[phab:T118616|T118616)]] You can see the formula as you change the LaTeX code.  You can click buttons to insert the correct LaTeX code for many symbols.  
=== Future changes ===
The '''single edit tab''' project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab, like the system already used on the mobile website.  ([[phab:T102398|T102398]], [[phab:T58337|T58337]])  Initially, the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time.  Your last editing choice will be stored as a cookie for logged-out users and as an account preference for logged-in editors.  Logged-in editors will be able to set a default editor in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]] in the drop-down menu about &quot;{{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs}}&quot;.   

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the following Wikipedias in early 2016:  [[w:am:|Amharic]], [[w:bug:|Buginese]], [[w:cdo:|Min Dong]], [[w:cr:|Cree]], [[w:gv:|Manx]], [[w:hak:|Hakka]], [[w:hy:|Armenian]], [[w:ka:|Georgian]], [[w:pnt:|Pontic]], [[w:sh:|Serbo-Croatian]], [[w:ti:|Tigrinya]], [[w:xmf:|Mingrelian]], [[w:za:|Zhuang]], and [[w:zh-min-nan:|Min Nan]]. ([[phab:T116523|T116523]]) Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]].  The developers would like to know how well it works.  Please tell them what kind of computer, web browser, and keyboard you are using.  

In 2016, the '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor on many Wikipedias will be redirected to mediawiki.org. ([[phab:T92661|T92661]])

=== Testing opportunities ===
* Please try the new system for the '''single edit tab''' on [https://test2.wikipedia.org test2.wikipedia.org].  You can edit while logged out to see how it works for logged-out editors, or you can create a separate account to be able to set your account's preferences.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share your thoughts about the single edit tab system at [[mediawikiwiki:Topic:Suspcq0bf5nd3gsd|the feedback topic on mediawiki.org]] or [https://jfe.qualtrics.com/form/SV_6R04ammTX8uoJFP sign up for formal user research]&lt;/mark&gt; (type &quot;single edit tab&quot; in the question about other areas you're interested in).  The new system has not been finalized, and your feedback can affect the outcome.  The team particularly wants your thoughts about the options in Special:Preferences. The current choices in Special:Preferences are:
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}},
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}}, 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and 
** {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}.  (This is the current state for people already using the visual editor.  None of these options will be visible if you have disabled the visual editor in your preferences at that wiki.)  
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean or Japanese?&lt;/mark&gt; Language engineer [[mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs people who know which tools people use to type in some languages. If you speak Japanese or Korean, you can help him test support for these languages. Please see the instructions at [[mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test|What to test]] if you can help, and report it on Phabricator ([[phab:T110654|Korean]] - [[phab:T109818|Japanese]]) or on Wikipedia ([[:ko:위키백과:시각편집기/IME|Korean]] - [[:ja:Wikipedia:ビジュアルエディター/フィードバック/IME|Japanese]]).  
If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new  contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 00:06, 25 December 2015 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=15165847 --&gt;

== Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th.  To apply, visit the page below:
:*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships]
[[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:49, 5 January 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&amp;oldid=15209973 --&gt;

== Wikimania 2016 Scholarships - Deadline soon! ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
A reminder - applications for scholarships for Wikimania 2016 in Esino Lario, Italy, are closing soon! Please get your applications in by January 9th.  To apply, visit the page below:
:*[https://wikimania2016.wikimedia.org/wiki/Scholarships Wikimania 2016 Scholarships]
[[User:PEarley (WMF)|Patrick Earley (WMF)]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:49, 5 January 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:PEarley (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&amp;oldid=15209973 --&gt;

== 2016 WMF Strategy consultation ==

:{{int:Please-translate}}
Hello, all.

The Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) has launched a consultation to help create and prioritize WMF strategy beginning July 2016 and for the 12 to 24 months thereafter. This consultation will be open, on Meta, from 18 January to 26 February, after which the Foundation will also use these ideas to help inform its Annual Plan. (More on our timeline can be found on that Meta page.)

Your input is welcome (and greatly desired) at the Meta discussion, [[:m:2016 Strategy/Community consultation|2016 Strategy/Community consultation]].

Apologies for English, where this is posted on a non-English project. We thought it was more important to get the consultation translated as much as possible, and good headway has been made there in some languages. There is still much to do, however! We created [[:m:2016 Strategy/Translations]] to try to help coordinate what needs translation and what progress is being made. :)

If you have questions, please reach out to me on my talk page or on the strategy consultation's talk page or by email to mdennis@wikimedia.org.

I hope you'll join us! [[:m:User:Mdennis (WMF)|Maggie Dennis]] via [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 19:07, 18 January 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Mdennis (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:PEarley_(WMF)/Mass_Message_-_large&amp;oldid=15253743 --&gt;

== Kinyarwanda is missing ==
Kinyarwanda is missing from this page:&lt;br /&gt;
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/There_is_also_a_Wikipedia_in_your_language&lt;br /&gt;
More than 100 languages are now listed.&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you, [[User:Varlaam|Varlaam]] ([[User talk:Varlaam|talk]]) 00:21, 31 January 2016 (UTC)

== VisualEditor News #1—2016 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/February|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;margin:0.5em;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}border:1px solid #AAA;padding:0.5em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200x70px|center|alt=The visual editor]]

'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Among experienced editors, the visual editor's table editing is one of the most popular features.
[[File:VisualEditor table menu move column.png|alt=Screenshot showing a pop-up menu for column operations in a table|centre|frameless|230x230px]]
If you select the top of a column or the end of a row, you can quickly insert and remove columns and rows.  

Now, you can also rearrange columns and rows. Click &quot;Move before&quot; or &quot;Move after&quot; to swap the column or row with its neighbor.
You can read and help translate [[:mw:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor/Portal|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Japanese, Korean, Arabic, Indic, and Han scripts, and improving the single edit tab interface.   

=== Recent changes ===
You can '''switch from the wikitext editor to the visual editor''' after you start editing. This function is available to nearly all editors at most wikis except the Wiktionaries and Wikisources.    

Many local '''feedback pages''' for the visual editor have been redirected to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Feedback]].

You can now re-arrange columns and rows in '''tables''', as well as copying a row, column or any other selection of cells and pasting it in a new location.    

The '''formula editor''' has two options: you can choose &quot;Quick edit&quot; to see and change only the LaTeX code, or &quot;Edit&quot; to use the full tool. The full tool offers immediate preview and an extensive list of symbols.  
=== Future changes ===
The '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' project will combine the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab. 
This is similar to the system already used on the mobile website. ([[phab:T102398|T102398]]) Initially, the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab will open whichever editing environment you used last time. Your last editing choice will be stored as an account preference for logged-in editors, and as a cookie for logged-out users. Logged-in editors will have these options in the {{int:prefs-editing}} tab of [[Special:Preferences]]:   
* {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-remember-last}},
* {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-ve}},
* {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-prefer-wt}}, and
* {{int:visualeditor-preference-tabs-multi-tab}}. (This is the state for people using the visual editor now.)
The visual editor uses the same search engine as [[Special:Search]] to find links and files. This search will get better at detecting typos and spelling mistakes soon. These improvements to search will appear in the visual editor as well.

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at most [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next few months. This will affect the following languages, amongst others: 
[[:w:ja: |'''Japanese''']], [[:w:ko:|'''Korean''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']].
 
=== Let's work together ===
* Please try out the newest version of the '''[[:mw:VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' on [[test2wiki:Special:Random|test2.wikipedia.org]]. You may need to restore the default preferences (at the bottom of [[test2wiki:Special:Preferences]]) to see the initial prompt for options. Were you able to find a preference setting that will work for your own editing? Did you see [[:c:File:VisualEditor single edit tab preference dialog.png|the large preferences dialog box]] when you started editing an article there?  
* &lt;mark&gt;Can you read and type in Korean, Arabic, Japanese, Indic, or Han scripts?&lt;/mark&gt; Does typing in these languages feels natural in the visual editor? Language engineer [[:mw:User:DChan (WMF)|David Chan]] needs to know. Please see the instructions at [[:mw:VisualEditor/IME Testing#What to test]] if you can help. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]].
* Learn how to improve the &quot;automagical&quot; [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language! Join the [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2016-February/084840.html Tech Talk about &quot;Automated citations in Wikipedia: Citoid and the technology behind it&quot;] with Sebastian Karcher on 29 February 2016. 
 
If you aren't reading this in your favorite language, then please help us with translations!  Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
 
&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]], 19:21, 26 February 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=15385167 --&gt;

== Completion suggestor ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
== Updates to wiki search auto completion are arriving 10 March==

Hello!

{{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

The [[:m:User:CKoerner (WMF)/Work/Completion Suggester beta reminder and coming soon|completion suggester beta feature]] will become the default at the first group of wikis on '''Thursday, 10 March'''. This initial rollout will start with some of the smaller wikis to ensure the change happens in an organized way. The remaining wikis will receive the update on Wednesday, 16 March. This update brings three major improvements to search. Improved search result ordering, a tolerance for a small number of spelling errors, and suggests fewer typos.

Since December 2015, 19,000 editors have already opted into the completion suggester beta feature. Contributors are encouraged to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|try out the feature]] ahead of the release. Please share any comments on the Completion Suggester [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/CompletionSuggester|discussion page]] in any language.

To learn more about the work of the Discovery department and other improvements to search, please check out [[wmfblog:2015/12/23/search-and-discovery-on-wikipedia/|the Wikimedia blog]]. Read about  [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|CirrusSearch]], the MediaWiki extension that makes wiki search possible.&lt;/div&gt; - [[User:CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:09, 7 March 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Work/Completion_Suggester_inital_rollout/Target_list&amp;oldid=15420104 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}''

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for access to research materials from:
* '''[[w:en:WP:Cambridge|Cambridge University Press]]''' - a major publisher of academic journals and e-books in a variety of subject areas. Access includes both Cambridge Journals Online and Cambridge Books. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Alexander Street|Alexander Street ''Academic Video Online'']]''' - a large academic video collection good for a wide range of subjects, including news programs (such as PBS and BBC), music and theatre, lectures and demonstrations, and documentaries. 25 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Baylor|Baylor University Press]]''' - a publisher of academic e-books primarily in religious studies and the humanities. 50 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Future Science Group|Future Science Group]]''' - a publisher of medical, biotechnological and scientific research. 30 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Annual Reviews|Annual Reviews]]''' - a publisher of review articles in the biomedical sciences. 100 accounts.
* '''[[w:en:WP:Miramar|Miramar Ship Index]]''' - an index to ships and their histories since the early 19th century. 30 accounts. 

'''Non-English'''
*'''[[w:fa:ویکی‌پدیا:نورمگز|Noormags]]''' - Farsi-language aggregator of academic and professional journals and magazines. 30 accounts.
*'''[[w:ar:ويكيبيديا:مكتبة ويكيبيديا/كتبنا|Kotobna]]''' - Arabic-language ebook publishing platform. 20 accounts.

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]]''' - aggregator of newspapers, magazines and journals. 50 accounts.
*'''[[w:en:WP:Elsevier|Elsevier ScienceDirect]]''' - an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. 100 accounts.
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[w:en:WP:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:De Gruyter|De Gruyter]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Newspapers.com|Newspapers.com]] and [[w:en:WP:BNA|British Newspaper Archive]]. Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 20:30, 17 March 2016 (UTC)


:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sadads@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=15424370 --&gt;

== Open Call for Individual Engagement Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/IEG|Individual Engagement Grants (IEG) program]] is accepting proposals''' until April 12th to fund new tools, research, outreach efforts, and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
Whether you need a small or large amount of funds (up to $30,000 USD), IEGs can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help''' with your proposal]] in an upcoming Hangout session
*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|'''Learn from examples''' of completed Individual Engagement Grants]]

With thanks, [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:47, 31 March 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=15490024 --&gt;

== Server switch 2016 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its newest data center in Dallas.
This will make sure Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.
To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems.

They will switch all traffic to the new data center on '''Tuesday, 19 April'''.&lt;br/&gt;
On '''Thursday, 21 April''', they will switch back to the primary data center.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.
We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 15 to 30 minutes on Tuesday, 19 April and Thursday, 21 April, starting at 14:00 UTC (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT).

If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.
We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.
If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.
Then you should be able to save your edit.
But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.
Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.
If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.
Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be a code freeze for the week of 18 April.
No non-essential code deployments will take place.

This test was originally planned to take place on March 22.
April 19th and 21st are the new dates. 
You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for Q3 FY2015-2016 rollout|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].
They will post any changes on that schedule.
There will be more notifications about this.
'''Please share this information with your community.''' /[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 21:08, 17 April 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tech/Server_switch_2016/Delivery_list&amp;oldid=15533827 --&gt;

== Wikipedia to the Moon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello! Sorry that this is in English only, but we are using village pump messaging in order to reach as many language communities as possible. Wrong page? Please fix it [[:m:Distribution list/Global message delivery|here]].

This is an invitation to all Wikipedians: Wikimedia Deutschland has been given data space to include Wikipedia content in an upcoming mission to the Moon. (No joke!) We have launched a community discussion about how to do that, because we feel that this is for the global community of editors. Please, '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon|join the discussion on Meta-Wiki]]''' (and translate this invitation to your language community)! Best, [[:m:Talk:Wikipedia to the Moon|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:35, 21 April 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&amp;oldid=15542536 --&gt;

== Wikipedia to the Moon: voting has begun ==

Hello, after six weeks of community discussion about [https://moon.wikimedia.org Wikipedia to the Moon], there are now 10 different proposals for content for the mission. Starting today, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia_to_the_Moon/Voting|you can vote for them on Meta-Wiki]], and decide what we will work on: a Wikipedia canon, different lists, the Moon in 300 languages, an astronomy editathon, featured articles, articles about technology, endangered things, or DNA-related topics. You can even vote against community involvement. Voting is open until 24 June. Sorry that this message is again in English only, but we are using village pumps to reach as many communities as possible, so that everyone knows they can vote. Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 15:31, 10 June 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Martin Rulsch (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&amp;oldid=15542536 --&gt;

== Compact Links coming soon to this wiki ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]]

Hello, I wanted to give a heads up about an upcoming feature for this wiki, which you may already seen in the latest issue of [[:m:Tech/News/2016/25|Tech News]]. [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). This will be enabled as a feature in the coming week for all users, which can be turned on or off using a preference setting. We look forward to  your feedback and please do let us know if you have any questions. Details about Compact Language Links can be read in the [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project documentation]].

Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]]) 14:01, 24 June 2016 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&amp;oldid=15721303 --&gt;

== Compact Language Links enabled in this wiki today ==

{{int:Please-translate}}
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

[[File:Compact-language-links-list.png|thumb|Screenshot of Compact Language Links interlanguage list]]

[[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|Compact Language Links]] has been available as a beta-feature on all Wikimedia wikis since 2014. With compact language links enabled, users are shown a much shorter list of languages on the interlanguage link section of an article (see image). Based on several factors, this shorter list of languages is expected to be more relevant for them and valuable for finding similar content in a language known to them. More information about compact language links can be found in [[:mw:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|the documentation]].

From today onwards, compact language links has been enabled as the default listing of interlanguage links on this wiki. However, using the button at the bottom, you will be able to see a longer list of all the languages the article has been written in. The setting for this compact list can be changed by using the checkbox under ''User Preferences -&gt; Appearance -&gt; Languages''

The compact language links feature has been tested extensively by the Wikimedia Language team, which developed it. However, in case there are any problems or other feedback please let us know on the [[:mw:Talk:Universal_Language_Selector/Compact_Language_Links|project talk page]]. It is to be noted that on some wikis the presence of an existing older gadget that was used for a similar purpose may cause an interference for compact language list. We would like to bring this to the attention of the admins of this wiki. Full details are on [[phab:T131455|this phabricator ticket]] (in English).

Due to the large scale enablement of this feature, we have had to use [[:m:Global_message_delivery|MassMessage]] for this announcement and as a result it is only written in English. We will really appreciate if this message can be translated for other users of this wiki. Thank you. On behalf of the Wikimedia Language team: [[:mw:User:Runab_WMF|Runa Bhattacharjee (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Runab_WMF|talk]])-04:21, 28 June 2016 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Runab WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/ULS_Compact_Links/28_June&amp;oldid=15728024 --&gt;

== Wikipedia to the Moon: invitation to edit ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Three weeks ago, you were invited to vote on how to take Wikipedia articles to the Moon. Community voting is over and the winning idea is to send all ‘’featured articles and lists’’ to the Moon. This decision means that, starting today, Wikipedians from all language communities are warmly invited to intensively work on their best articles and lists, and submit them to Wikipedia to the Moon. The central site to coordinate between communities will be Meta-Wiki. You will find an [[m:Wikipedia to the Moon/Working|overview and more information there]]. Hopefully, we will be able to represent as many languages as possible, to show Wikipedia’s diversity. Please feel kindly invited to edit on behalf of your community and tell us about your work on featured content!

Best, [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia to the Moon/About|Moon team at Wikimedia Deutschland]] 14:10, 1 July 2016 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Lydia Pintscher (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&amp;oldid=15542536 --&gt;

== Editing News #2—2016 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/June|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

It's quick and easy to insert a references list.
[[File:VisualEditor References List Insert Menu-en.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with many items|center|frameless|150px]]  

Place the cursor where you want to display the references list (usually at the bottom of the page).  Open the &quot;{{int:visualeditor-toolbar-insert}}&quot; menu and click the &quot;{{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}&quot; icon (three books).

If you are using several groups of references, which is relatively rare, you will have the opportunity to specify the group. If you do that, then only the references that belong to the specified group will be displayed in this list of references.
Finally, click &quot;{{int:visualeditor-dialog-action-insert}}&quot; in the dialog to insert the {{int:cite-ve-dialogbutton-referenceslist-tooltip}}.  This list will change as you add more footnotes to the page.

You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has fixed many bugs. Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]]. Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are improving support for Arabic and Indic scripts, and adapting the visual editor to the needs of the Wikivoyages and Wikisources.   

=== Recent changes ===
The visual editor is now available to all users at most [[Wikivoyage:|Wikivoyages]].  It was also enabled for all contributors at the French Wikinews.

The '''[[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Single edit tab|single edit tab]]''' feature combines the &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; and &quot;{{int:visualeditor-ca-editsource}}&quot; tabs into a single &quot;{{int:vector-view-edit}}&quot; tab.  It has been deployed to several Wikipedias, including Hungarian, Polish, English and Japanese Wikipedias, as well as to all Wikivoyages.  At these wikis, you can change your settings for this feature in the &quot;{{int:prefs-editing}}&quot; tab of [[Special:Preferences]]. The team is now reviewing the feedback and considering ways to improve the design before rolling it out to more people.

=== Future changes ===
The &quot;{{int:Savearticle}}&quot; button will say &quot;{{int:Publishpage}}&quot;.   This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems.  More [[M:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]].

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next few months. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor. Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including: [[:w:ar: |'''Arabic''']], [[:w:hi: |'''Hindi''']], [[:w:th: |'''Thai''']], [[:w:ta: |'''Tamil''']], [[:w:mr: |'''Marathi''']], [[:w:ml: |'''Malayalam''']], [[:w:ur: |'''Urdu''']], [[:w:fa: |'''Persian''']], [[:w:bn: |'''Bengali''']], [[:w:as: |'''Assamese''']], [[:w:arc: |'''Aramaic''']] and others.

The team is working with the volunteer developers who power Wikisource to provide the visual editor there, for opt-in testing right now and eventually for all users. ([[phab:T138966|T138966]]) 

The team is working on a modern wikitext editor.  It will look like the visual editor, and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools.  This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices around September 2016.  You can read about this project in a [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. 

=== Let's work together ===
* Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates?  &lt;mark&gt;Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor?  Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].&lt;/mark&gt;
* Learn how to improve the &quot;automagical&quot; [[:mw:citoid|citoid]] referencing system in the visual editor, by creating [[w:en:Zotero|Zotero]] translators for popular sources in your language!  Watch the [[Mw:Citoid/Zotero's Tech Talk|Tech Talk by Sebastian Karcher]] for more information.
 
If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]], 17:20, 3 July 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=15741003 --&gt;

== Open call for Project Grants ==

[[File:IEG barnstar 2.png|right|100px]]
{{int:Please-translate}}:

:Greetings!  The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is accepting proposals''' from July 1st to August 2nd to fund new tools, research, offline outreach (including editathon series, workshops, etc), online organizing (including contests), and other experiments that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers.
:Whether you need a small or large amount of funds, Project Grants can support you and your team’s project development time in addition to project expenses such as materials, travel, and rental space.
:*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Apply|'''Submit''' a grant request]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab|'''draft''' your proposal]] in IdeaLab
:*[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IdeaLab/Events#Upcoming_events|'''Get help with your proposal''']] in an upcoming Hangout session
:*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
:Also accepting candidates to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:Project/Quarterly/Committee|join the Project Grants Committee through July 15.]]  

:With thanks,  [[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] 15:25, 5 July 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=15504704 --&gt;

== Save/Publish ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[:mw:Editing|Editing]] team is planning to change the name of the [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] button to [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”]. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you create a new page. “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” will be used when you change an existing page. The names will be consistent in all editing environments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T131132][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]

This change will probably happen during the week of 30 August 2016. The change will be announced in [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech News]] when it happens.

If you are fluent in a language other than English, please check the status of translations at translatewiki.net for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishpage “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”] and [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Publishchanges “'''&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;'''”].

The main reason for this change is to avoid confusion for new editors. Repeated user research studies with new editors have shown that some new editors believed that [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translations&amp;namespace=8&amp;message=Savearticle “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”] would save a private copy of a new page in their accounts, rather than permanently publishing their changes on the web. It is important for this part of the user interface to be clear, since it is difficult to remove public information after it is published. We believe that the confusion caused by the “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Savearticle}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” button increases the workload for experienced editors, who have to clean up the information that people unintentionally disclose, and report it to the functionaries and stewards to suppress it. Clarifying what the button does will reduce this problem.

Beyond that, the goal is to make all the wikis and languages more consistent, and some wikis made this change many years ago. The [[:m:Legal|Legal team]] at the Wikimedia Foundation supports this change. Making the edit interface easier to understand will make it easier to handle licensing and privacy questions that may arise. 

Any help pages or other basic documentation about how to edit pages will also need to be updated, on-wiki and elsewhere. On wiki pages, you can use the wikitext codes &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; to display the new labels in the user's preferred language. For the language settings in [[Special:Preferences|your account preferences]], these wikitext codes produce “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishpage}}&lt;/bdi&gt;” and “&lt;bdi&gt;{{int:Publishchanges}}&lt;/bdi&gt;”.

Please share this news with community members who teach new editors and with others who may be interested.
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 18:03, 9 August 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=15790914 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library accounts available now (August 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|publisher donation program]]. You can now sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
* '''[[w:de:Wikipedia:Nomos|Nomos]]''' &amp;ndash; Primarily German-language publisher of law and social sciences books and journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:World Scientific|World Scientific]]''' &amp;ndash; Scientific, technical, and medical journals - 50 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Edinburgh University Press|Edinburgh University Press]]''' &amp;ndash; Humanities and social sciences journals - 25 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychological Association|American Psychological Association]]''' &amp;ndash; Psychology books and journals - 10 accounts
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Emerald|Emerald]]''' &amp;ndash; Journals on a range of topics including business, education, health care, and engineering - 10 accounts

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:de:WP:DeGruyter|DeGruyter]], [[w:en:WP:Gale|Gale]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:38, 30 August 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language! Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=15804509 --&gt;

== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From September 13th on, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page, so that you can easily move between revisions. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work! &lt;/div&gt; [[user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 15:08, 12 September 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&amp;oldid=15903627 --&gt;

== Grants to improve your project ==

''{{int:Please-translate}}:''

Greetings! The [[:m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] is currently accepting proposals for funding. There is just over a week left to submit  before the October 11 deadline.  If you have ideas for software, offline outreach, research, online community organizing, or other projects that enhance the work of Wikimedia volunteers, start your proposal today!  Please encourage others who have great ideas to apply as well.  Support is available if you want help turning your idea into a grant request.
*'''[[:m:Grants:Project/Apply|Submit a grant request]]'''
*'''Get help''': In [[:m:Grants:IdeaLab|IdeaLab]] or an upcoming [[:m:Grants:Project#Upcoming_events|Hangout session]]
*'''Learn from examples''' of completed [[:m:Grants:IEG#ieg-engaging|Individual Engagement Grants]] or [[:m:Grants:PEG/Requests#Grants_funded_by_the_WMF_in_FY_2015.E2.80.9316|Project and Event Grants]]
[[m:User:I JethroBT (WMF)|I JethroBT (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:I JethroBT (WMF)|talk]]) 20:10, 30 September 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:I JethroBT (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:I_JethroBT_(WMF)/IEG_2015_Targets&amp;oldid=15939807 --&gt;

== Creative Commons 4.0 ==

Hello! I'm writing from the Wikimedia Foundation to invite you to give your feedback on a proposed move from CC BY-SA 3.0 to a CC BY-SA 4.0 license across all Wikimedia projects. The consultation will run from October 5 to November 8, and we hope to receive a wide range of viewpoints and opinions. Please, if you are interested, [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0|take part in the discussion on Meta-Wiki]].

''Apologies that this message is only in English. [[meta:Special:MyLanguage/Terms of use/Creative Commons 4.0/MassMessage|This message can be read and translated in more languages here]].'' [[User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) 01:34, 6 October 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&amp;oldid=15962252 --&gt;

== Editing News #3—2016 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2016/October|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can easily re-arrange columns and rows in the visual editor? [[File:VisualEditor table editing menu.png|alt=Screenshot showing a dropdown menu with options for editing the table structure|center|frameless|232x232px]]  


Select a cell in the column or row that you want to move.  Click the arrow at the start of that row or column to open the dropdown menu (shown).  Choose either &quot;Move before&quot; or &quot;Move after&quot; to move the column, or &quot;Move above&quot; or &quot;Move below&quot; to move the row.

You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has mainly worked on a new wikitext editor.  They have also released some small features and the new map editing tool.  Their workboard is available [[phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the list of work finished each week at [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, releasing the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[mediawikiwiki:Beta_Features|beta feature]], and improving language support.

=== Recent changes ===

*You can now set text as small or big.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T53613] 
*Invisible templates have been shown as a puzzle icon.  Now, the name of the invisible template is displayed next to the puzzle icon.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T141861]  A similar feature will display the first part of hidden HTML comments.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T147089]
*Categories are displayed at the bottom of each page.  If you click on the categories, the dialog for editing categories will open.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145267]
*At many wikis, you can now add [[mediawikiwiki:Maps|maps]] to pages.  Go to the Insert menu and choose the &quot;Maps&quot; item. The Discovery department is adding more features to this area, like geoshapes. You can read more at mediawiki.org.[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Discovery#Maps]
*The &quot;Save&quot; button now says &quot;Save page&quot; when you create a page, and &quot;Save changes&quot; when you change an existing page.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T139033]  In the future, the &quot;{{int:Savearticle}}&quot; button will say &quot;{{int:Publishpage}}&quot;.  This will affect both the visual and wikitext editing systems.  More [[:m:Editing/Publish|information is available on Meta]].
*Image galleries now use a visual mode for editing.  You can see thumbnails of the images, add new files, remove unwanted images, rearrange the images by dragging and dropping, and add captions for each image.  Use the &quot;Options&quot; tab to set the gallery's display mode, image sizes, and add a title for the gallery.[https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T45037]

=== Future changes ===

The visual editor will be offered to all editors at the remaining 10 [[:mw:VisualEditor/Rollouts|&quot;Phase 6&quot; Wikipedias]] during the next month. The developers want to know whether typing in your language feels natural in the visual editor.  Please post your comments and the language(s) that you tested at [[:mw:Topic:St8y4ni42d0vr9cv|the feedback thread on mediawiki.org]]. This will affect several languages, including [[:w:th:|'''Thai''']], [[:w:my:|'''Burmese''']] and [[:w:arc:|'''Aramaic''']].

The team is working on a modern wikitext editor.  The [[Mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] will look like the visual editor and be able to use the citoid service and other modern tools.  This new editing system may become available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices in October 2016.  You can read about this project in a [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Roadmap/Update_2016-06-23|general status update on the Wikimedia mailing list]]. 

=== Let's work together ===

* Do you teach new editors how to use the visual editor? Did you help [[:mw:Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|set up the Citoid automatic reference feature for your wiki]]? Have you written or imported [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] for your most important citation templates?  &lt;mark&gt;Would you be willing to help new editors and small communities with the visual editor?  Please sign up for the new [[:mw:Help:VisualEditor/Community Taskforce|'''VisualEditor Community Taskforce''']].&lt;/mark&gt; 
 
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 17:49, 15 October 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=15960088 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (November 2016) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[:m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:
*'''''[[:en:WP:Foreign Affairs|Foreign Affairs]]''''' - Journal of international relations and U.S. foreign policy
*'''[[:en:WP:OpenEdition|OpenEdition]]''' - Journals in the social sciences and humanities
*'''[[:en:WP:EDP Sciences|Édition Diffusion Presse Sciences]]''' - French and English language scientific journals
*'''[[:en:WP:ASHA|ASHA]]''' - Speech–language–hearing journals
*'''[[:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian_Lähdekirjasto/Tilastopaja|Tilastopaja]]''' - Athletics statistics

'''Expansions'''
*'''[[:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]]''' - Many new databases added
*'''[[:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]]''' - Strategic, Defence &amp; Security Studies collection
Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]]. Sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[:m:The Wikipedia Library/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:30, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[:m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=15939318 --&gt;

== Password reset ==

''I apologise that this message is in English. [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:Centralnotice-shared-help-translate}}]''

We are having a problem with attackers taking over wiki accounts with privileged user rights (for example, admins, bureaucrats, oversighters, checkusers). It appears that this may be because of weak or reused passwords.

Community members are working along with members of multiple teams at the Wikimedia Foundation to address this issue.

In the meantime, we ask that everyone takes a look at the passwords they have chosen for their wiki accounts. If you know that you've chosen a weak password, or if you've chosen a password that you are using somewhere else, please change those passwords.

Select strong passwords – eight or more characters long, and containing letters, numbers, and punctuation. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:59, 13 November 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&amp;oldid=16060701 --&gt;

== Adding to the above section (Password reset) ==

Please accept my apologies - that first line should read &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Security%2FPassword+reset&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= Help with translations!]&quot;. [[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:JSutherland (WMF)|talk]]) / [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:11, 14 November 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:JSutherland (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:JSutherland_(WMF)/MassMessage/1&amp;oldid=16060701 --&gt;

== New way to edit wikitext ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

'''Summary''': There's a new opt-in Beta Feature of a [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|wikitext mode for the visual editor]]. Please [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|go try it out]].


We in the Wikimedia Foundation's Editing department are responsible for making editing better for all our editors, new and experienced alike. We've been slowly improving [[:mw:VisualEditor|the visual editor]] based on feedback, user tests, and feature requests. However, that doesn't work for all our user needs: whether you need to edit a wikitext talk page, create a template, or fix some broken reference syntax, sometimes you need to use wikitext, and many experienced editors prefer it.

Consequently, we've planned a &quot;wikitext mode&quot; for the visual editor for a long time. It provides as much of the visual editor's features as possible, for those times that you need or want wikitext. It has the same user interface as the visual editor, including the same toolbar across the top with the same buttons. It provides access to the [[:mw:citoid|citoid service]] for formatting citations, integrated search options for inserting images, and the ability to add new templates in a simple dialog. Like in the visual editor, if you paste in formatted text copied from another page, then formatting (such as bolding) will automatically be converted into wikitext.

All wikis now have access to this mode as a [[:mw:Beta Features|Beta Feature]]. When enabled, it replaces your existing [[:mw:Editor|wikitext editor]] everywhere. If you don't like it, you can reverse this at any time by turning off the Beta Feature in your preferences. We don't want to surprise anyone, so it's strictly an ''opt-in-only'' Beta Feature. It won't switch on automatically for anyone, even if you have previously checked the box to &quot;{{Int:Betafeatures-auto-enroll}}&quot;.

The new wikitext edit mode is based on the visual editor, so it requires JavaScript (as does the [[:mw:Extension:WikiEditor|current wikitext editor]]). It doesn't work with gadgets that have only been designed for the older one (and ''vice versa''), so some users will miss gadgets they find important. We're happy to [[:mw:VisualEditor/Gadgets|work with gadget authors to help them update their code to work]] with both editors. We're not planning to get rid of the current main wikitext editor on desktop in the foreseeable future. We're also not going to remove the existing ability to edit plain wikitext without JavaScript. Finally, though it should go without saying, if you prefer to continue using the current wikitext editor, then you may so do.

This is an early version, and we'd love to know what you think so we can make it better. Please leave feedback about the new mode [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor/Feedback|on the feedback page]].  You may write comments in any language.  Thank you.

&lt;/div&gt; [[:mw:User:Jdforrester (WMF)|James Forrester]] (Product Manager, Editing department, Wikimedia Foundation) --19:31, 14 December 2016 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=15942009 --&gt;

== Review of initial updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

The Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. For 15 years, Wikimedians have worked together to build the largest free knowledge resource in human history. During this time, we've grown from a small group of editors to a diverse network of editors, developers, affiliates, readers, donors, and partners. Today, we are more than a group of websites. We are a movement rooted in values and a powerful vision: all knowledge for all people. As a movement, we have an opportunity to decide where we go from here. 

This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve. We hope to design an inclusive process that makes space for everyone: editors, community leaders, affiliates, developers, readers, donors, technology platforms, institutional partners, and people we have yet to reach. There will be multiple ways to participate including on-wiki, in private spaces, and in-person meetings. You are warmly invited to join and make your voice heard.

The immediate goal is to have a strategic direction by Wikimania 2017 to help frame a discussion on how we work together toward that strategic direction.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Beginning with this message, monthly reviews of these updates will be sent to this page as well. [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a review of the updates that have been sent so far:

* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/15 December 2016 - Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 1 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (15 December 2016)
** Introduction to process and information about budget spending resolution to support it
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/23 December 2016 - Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 2 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (23 December 2016)
** Start of search for Lead Architect for movement strategy process
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/8 January 2017 - Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 3 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (8 January 2017)
** Plans for strategy sessions at upcoming Wikimedia Conference 2017
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/11 January 2017 - Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 4 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (11 January 2017)
** Introduction of williamsworks 
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 February 2017 - Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 5 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 February 2017)
** The core movement strategy team, team tracks being developed, introduction of the Community Process Steering Committee, discussions at WikiIndaba conference 2017 and the Wikimedia movement affiliates executive directors gathering in Switzerland
* [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/10 February 2017 - Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 6 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (10 February 2017)
** Tracks A &amp; B process prototypes and providing feedback, updates on development of all four Tracks

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 20:31, 15 February 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Initial announcements review|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16297862 --&gt;

== Overview #2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''

As we mentioned last month, the Wikimedia movement is beginning a movement-wide strategy discussion, a process which will run throughout 2017. This movement strategy discussion will focus on the future of our movement: where we want to go together, and what we want to achieve.

Regular updates are being sent to the [[mail:Wikimedia-l|Wikimedia-l mailing list]], and posted [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates|on Meta-Wiki]]. Each month, we are sending overviews of these updates to this page as well. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Signup|Sign up]] to receive future announcements and monthly highlights of strategy updates on your user talk page.

Here is a overview of the updates that have been sent since our message last month:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/16 February 2017 - Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 7 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (16 February 2017)
** Development of documentation for Tracks A &amp; B
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/24 February 2017 - Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 8 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (24 February 2017)
** Introduction of Track Leads for all four audience tracks
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/2 March 2017 - Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process|Update 9 on Wikimedia movement strategy process]] (2 March 2017)
** Seeking feedback on documents being used to help facilitate upcoming community discussions

More information about the movement strategy is available on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017|Meta-Wiki 2017 Wikimedia movement strategy portal]].

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]], 19:43, 9 March 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Overview 2 of updates on Wikimedia movement strategy process|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16350625 --&gt;

== We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15) ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
: ''This message, &quot;[[mailarchive:wikimediaannounce-l/2017-March/001383.html|We invite you to join the movement strategy conversation (now through April 15)]]&quot;, was sent through multiple channels by  [[m:User:GVarnum-WMF|Gregory Varnum]] on 15 and 16 of March 2017 to village pumps, affiliate talk pages, movement mailing lists, and MassMessage groups. A similar message was sent by [[m:User:Nicole_Ebber_(WMDE)|Nicole Ebber]] to organized groups and their mailing lists on 15 of March 2017. This version of the message is available for translation and documentation purposes'' 

Dear Wikimedians/Wikipedians:

Today we are starting a broad discussion to define Wikimedia's future role in the world and develop a collaborative strategy to fulfill that role. You are warmly invited to join the conversation.

There are many ways to participate, by joining an existing conversation or starting your own: 

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Track_A|Track A (organized groups)]]: Discussions with your affiliate, committee or other organized group (these are groups that support the Wikimedia movement). 

Track B (individual contributors): [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Cycle_1|On Meta]] or your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Participate|local language or project wiki]].

This is the first of three conversations, and it will run between now and April 15. The purpose of cycle 1 is to discuss the future of the movement and generate major themes around potential directions. What do we want to build or achieve together over the next 15 years?

We welcome you, as we create this conversation together, and look forward to broad and diverse participation from all parts of our movement.

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017|Find out more about the movement strategy process]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Toolkit/Discussion_Coordinator_Role|Learn more about volunteering to be a Discussion Coordinator]]

Sincerely,

Nicole Ebber (Track A Lead), Jaime Anstee (Track B Lead), &amp; the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/People|engagement support teams]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 05:09, 18 March 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16453957 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections]] ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Please accept our apologies for cross-posting this message. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|This message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]].''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|right|150px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017]]

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, I am pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2017/Board_of_Trustees/Call_for_candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Elections]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Board of Trustees]] (Board) is the decision-making body that is ultimately responsible for the long-term sustainability of the Wikimedia Foundation, so we value wide input into its selection. More information about this role can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|on Meta-Wiki]]. Please read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Call for candidates|letter from the Board of Trustees calling for candidates]].

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last from April 7 (00:00 UTC) to April 20 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates from April 7 to April 20. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].'''

Once the questions submission period has ended on April 20, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to beginning on April 21.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''three community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. The election results will be used by the Board itself to select its new members.

The full schedule for the Board elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last. 

* April 7 (00:00 UTC) – April 20 (23:59 UTC) – '''Board nominations''' 
* April 7 – April 20 – '''Board candidates questions submission period'''
* April 21 – April 30 – '''Board candidates answer questions'''
* May 1 – May 14 – '''Board voting period'''
* May 15–19 – '''Board vote checking'''
* May 20 – '''Board result announcement goal'''

In addition to the Board elections, we will also soon be holding elections for the following roles:

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC)'''
** There are five positions being filled. More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|on Meta-Wiki]].

* '''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson (Ombuds)'''
** One position is being filled.  More information about this election will be available [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|on Meta-Wiki]].

Please note that this year the Board of Trustees elections will be held before the FDC and Ombuds elections. Candidates who are not elected to the Board are explicitly permitted and encouraged to submit themselves as candidates to the FDC or Ombuds positions after the results of the Board elections are announced. 

More information on this year's elections can be found [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|on Meta-Wiki]]. Any questions related to the election can be posted on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|election talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]], 03:37, 7 April 2017 (UTC) • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16441214 --&gt;

== Read-only mode for 20 to 30 minutes on 19 April and 3 May ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2017|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data center in Dallas.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to conduct a planned test.  This test will show whether they can reliably switch from one data center to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 19 April 2017'''.
On '''Wednesday, 3 May 2017''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop during those two switches.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for approximately 20 to 30 minutes on Wednesday, 19 April and Wednesday, 3 May. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170419T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 20 April and Thursday 4 May). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 17 April 2017 and 1 May 2017.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2017 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:33, 11 April 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16545942 --&gt;

== Wikidata description editing in the Wikipedia Android app ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|Wikidata description editing]] is a new experiment being rolled out on the Wikipedia app for Android.  While this primarily impacts Wikidata, the changes are also addressing a concern about the mobile versions of Wikipedia, so that mobile users will be able to edit directly the descriptions shown under the title of the page and in the search results.

We began by rolling out this feature several weeks ago  to a pilot group of Wikipedias (Russian, Hebrew, and Catalan), and have seen very positive [[:mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions/Research|results]] including numerous quality contributions in the form of new and updated descriptions, and a low rate of vandalism.

We are now ready for the next phase of rolling out this feature, which is to enable it in a few days for all Wikipedias except the top ten by usage within the app (i.e. except English, German, Italian, French, Spanish, Japanese, Dutch, Portuguese, Turkish, and Chinese). We will enable the feature for those languages instead at some point in the future, as we closely monitor user engagement with our expanded set of pilot communities.
As always, if have any concerns, please reach out to us on wiki at [[:mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Apps/Short_descriptions|the talk page for this project]] or by email at reading@wikimedia.org. Thanks!

-[[:mw:User:DBrant (WMF)|DBrant (WMF)]] 08:41, 14 April 2017 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikidata_editing&amp;oldid=16580284 --&gt;

== New Page previews feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
New Page previews feature

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/User:CKoerner (WMF)/Enable Hovercards/Phase 1|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

Hello,

The Reading web team at the Wikimedia Foundation has been working to enable [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards|Page previews]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|a beta feature]] known previously as Hovercards, as opt-in behavior for logged-in users and the default behavior for logged-out users across Wikipedia projects. Page previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. For this project, we are expecting to collect feedback over the following few weeks and tentatively enable the feature in early May, 2017.

A quick note on the implementation:

* For logged-in users who are not currently testing out the beta feature, Page previews will be off by default. Users may turn them on from [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|their user preferences]] page.
* For logged-out users, the feature will be on by default. Users may disable it at any time by selecting the setting cog available in each preview.
* For users of the Navigation popups gadget, you will not be able to turn on the Page previews feature while using navigational popups. If you would like to try out the Page preview feature, make sure to first turn Navigation popups off prior to turning Page previews on. 

You can read more about [[mw:Beta_Features/Hovercards|the feature]] and [[mw:Beta Features/Hovercards#Success Metrics and Feature Evaluation|the tests we used to evaluate performance]], try it out by enabling it from the beta features page, and leave feedback or questions [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]]. 

Thank you, [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:52, 19 April 2017 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Phase_1/Distribution_list&amp;oldid=16616381 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2017) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials from:

* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:American Psychiatric Association|American Psychiatric Association]]''' – Psychiatry books and journals
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Bloomsbury|Bloomsbury]]''' – ''Who's Who'', Drama Online, Berg Fashion Library, and ''Whitaker's''
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Gaudeamus|Gaudeamus]]''' – Finnish humanities and social sciences
* '''[[w:fi:Wikipedia:Wikipedian Lähdekirjasto/Ympäristö-lehti|Ympäristö-lehti]]''' – The Finnish Environment Institute's ''Ympäristö-lehti'' magazine

'''Expansions'''
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Gale|Gale]]''' – Biography In Context database added
* '''[[w:en:Wikipedia:Adam Matthew|Adam Matthew]]''' – all 53 databases now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [[m:The Wikipedia Library/Databases|our partners page]], including [[w:en:WP:Project MUSE|Project MUSE]], [[w:en:WP:EBSCO|EBSCO]], [[w:en:WP:Taylor &amp; Francis|Taylor &amp; Francis]] and [[w:en:WP:Newspaperarchive.com|Newspaperarchive.com]]. 

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:52, 2 May 2017 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:AVasanth_(WMF)|Aaron]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=16557812 --&gt;

== [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun in 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun]]''This is a message from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translations]] are available.''

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Voting has begun] for [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017#Requirements|eligible voters]] in the 2017 elections for the ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]]''.

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] is the ultimate governing authority of the Wikimedia Foundation, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization registered in the United States. The Wikimedia Foundation manages many diverse projects such as Wikipedia and Commons.

The voting phase lasts from 00:00 UTC May 1 to 23:59 UTC May 14. '''[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:SecurePoll/vote/341?setlang={{CONTENTLANG}}&amp;uselang={{CONTENTLANG}} Click here to vote].''' More information on the candidates and the elections can be found on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Board of Trustees|2017 Board of Trustees election page]] on Meta-Wiki. 

On behalf of the Elections Committee,&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br/&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Board voting has begun|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]&lt;/div&gt; 19:14, 3 May 2017 (UTC)''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16683836 --&gt;

== Beta Feature Two Column Edit Conflict View ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 9, the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two_Column_Edit_Conflict_View|Two Column Edit Conflict View]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] on all wikis. The Two Column Edit Conflict View is a new interface for the edit conflict resolution page. It highlights differences between the editor's and the conflicting changes to make it easy to copy and paste pieces of the text and resolve the conflict. The feature fulfils a request for a more user-friendly edit conflict resolution from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well! &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:41, 8 May 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&amp;oldid=16712264 --&gt;

== Editing News #1—2017 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|Read this in another language]] • [[:m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:230px;{{#switch:ltr|rtl=float:left;margin-left:0;|#default=float:right;margin-right:0;}}margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center|alt=VisualEditor]]'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;   

Did you know that you can review your changes visually? 

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - visual diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|245x245px]]When you are finished editing the page, type your edit summary and then choose &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-savedialog-label-review}}&quot;.  
In visual mode, you will see additions, removals, new links, and formatting highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected.|center|frameless|220x220px]]


Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.


[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - wikitext diff.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display.|center|frameless|245x245px]]


The wikitext diff is the same diff tool that is used in the wikitext editors and in the page history. You can read and help translate [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;


Since the last newsletter, the [[:mw:VisualEditor|VisualEditor Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[:mediawikiwiki:2017_wikitext_editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]] which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and adding [[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|the new visual diff tool]]. Their workboard is available [[:phab:project/board/483/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at  [[:mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings|mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].   Their [[:mw:VisualEditor/Current_priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor as a [[:mw:Beta Features|beta feature]], and improving the visual diff tool.   

=== Recent changes ===
*A '''new wikitext editing mode''' is available as a Beta Feature on desktop devices.  The [[:mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  Go to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures]] to enable the {{Int:Visualeditor-preference-newwikitexteditor-label}}. 
* A new '''[[:mediawikiwiki:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' is available in VisualEditor's visual mode.  You can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  More features will be added to this later.  In the future, this tool may be integrated into other MediaWiki components. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T143350]
* The team have added [[:mediawikiwiki:Editing/Projects/Columns_for_references|multi-column support for lists of footnotes]]. The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can automatically display long lists of references in columns on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
* You can now use your web browser's function to switch typing direction in the new wikitext mode. This is particularly helpful for RTL language users like Urdu or Hebrew who have to write JavaScript or CSS. You can use Command+Shift+X or Control+Shift+X to trigger this. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153356]
* The way to switch between the visual editing mode and the wikitext editing mode is now consistent. There is a drop-down menu that shows the two options. This is now the same in desktop and mobile web editing, and inside things that embed editing, such as Flow. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T116417]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-categories-tool}} item has been moved to the top of the {{Int:visualeditor-pagemenu-tooltip}} menu (from clicking on the &quot;hamburger&quot; icon) for quicker access. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T74399] There is also now a &quot;Templates used on this page&quot; feature there. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T149009]
* You can now create &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;chem&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;  tags (sometimes used as &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ce&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt;) for chemical formulas inside the visual editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T153365]
* Tables can be set as collapsed or un-collapsed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T157989]
* The {{Int:visualeditor-specialcharacter-button-tooltip}} menu now includes characters for Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics and angle quotation marks (‹› and ⟨⟩) .  The team thanks the volunteer developer, [[:S:en:User:Tpt|Tpt]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T108626]
* A bug caused some section edit conflicts to blank the rest of the page.  This has been fixed.  The team are sorry for the disruption. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T154217]
* There is a new keyboard shortcut for citations:  &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a PC, or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;Shift&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; on a Mac.  It is based on the keyboard shortcut for making links, which is &lt;code&gt;Control&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code&gt;Command&lt;/code&gt;+&lt;code&gt;K&lt;/code&gt; respectively. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T99299]

=== Future changes ===
* The team is working on a syntax highlighting tool.  It will highlight matching pairs of &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; tags and other types of wikitext syntax.  You will be able to turn it on and off.  It will first become available in VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode, maybe late in 2017. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
* The kind of button used to {{Int:Showpreview}}, {{Int:showdiff}}, and finish an edit will change in all WMF-supported wikitext editors.  The new buttons will use [[Mw:OOjs UI|OOjs UI]].  The buttons will be larger, brighter, and easier to read.  The labels will remain the same.  You can test the new button by editing a page and adding &lt;code&gt;&amp;ooui=1&lt;/code&gt; to the end of the URL, like this:  https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=edit&amp;ooui=1  The old appearance will no longer be possible, even with local CSS changes.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T162849]
* The [[:mediawikiwiki:File:Edit_toolbar_-_2.png|outdated 2006 wikitext editor]] will be removed later this year.  It is used by approximately 0.03% of active editors.  See [[:mw:Editor|a list of editing tools on mediawiki.org]] if you are uncertain which one you use.  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T30856]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly, so that we can notify you when the next issue is ready. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[:mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 18:05, 12 May 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=16160401 --&gt;

== Prototype for editing Wikidata infoboxes on Wikipedia ==

Hello,

I’m sorry for writing in English. It’d be great if someone could translate this message if necessary.

One of the most requested features for Wikidata is to enable editing of Wikidata’s data directly from Wikipedia, so the editors can continue their workflow without switching websites.

The Wikidata development team has been working on a tool to achieve this goal: '''fill and edit the Wikipedia infoboxes with information from Wikidata, directly on Wikipedia''', via the Visual Editor. 

We already [[d:Wikidata:Client editing input|asked for feedback in 2015]], and collected some interesting ideas which we [[:File:Facilitating_the_use_of_Wikidata_in_Wikimedia_projects_with_a_user-centered_design_approach.pdf|shared with you in this thesis]]. Now we would like to present to you our first prototype and collect your feedback, in order to improve and continue the development of this feature.

We present this work to you very early, so we can include your feedback before and all along the development. You are the core users of this feature, so we want to make sure that it fits your needs and editing processes.

You will find the prototype, description of the features, and a demo video, '''[[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Client editing prototype|on this page]]'''. Feel free to add any comment or feedback on the talk page. The page is currently not translated in every languages, but you can add your contribution by helping to translate it.

Unfortunately, I won’t be able to follow all the discussions on Wikipedia, so if you want to be sure that your feedback is read, please add it on the Wikidata page, in your favorite language. Thanks for your understanding.

Thanks, [[user:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/List_Wikipedias&amp;oldid=16766491 --&gt;

== RevisionSlider ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:RevisionSlider|RevisionSlider]] will be available as a default feature for all users on all wikis from May 17. The RevisionSlider adds a slider view to the diff page so that you can easily move between revisions. The slider view is collapsed by default, and will load by clicking on it. It can also be turned off entirely in the user preferences. RevisionSlider has been a default feature on German, Arabic and Hebrew Wikipedia for 6 months and a beta feature on all wikis for 8 months. The feature fulfills a wish from the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishlist]]. Thanks to everyone who tested RevisionSlider and gave valuable feedback to improve the feature! We hope that RevisionSlider will continue to serve you well in your work. &lt;/div&gt; [[m:user:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:44, 16 May 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&amp;oldid=16715712 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|Join the next cycle of Wikimedia movement strategy discussions (underway until June 12)]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|Message is available for translation on Meta-Wiki]]''
[[File:Wikimedia-logo.svg||{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}||150px]]
The Wikimedia movement strategy core team and working groups have completed reviewing the more than 1800 thematic statements we received from the first discussion. They have identified [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2|5 themes that were consistent across all the conversations]] - each with their own set of sub-themes. These are not the final themes, just an initial working draft of the core concepts.

You are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|join the online and offline discussions taking place]] on these 5 themes. This round of discussions will take place between now and June 12th. You can discuss as many as you like; we ask you to participate in the ones that are most (or least) important to you.

Here are the five themes, each has a page on Meta-Wiki with more information about the theme and how to participate in that theme's discussion:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Healthy, Inclusive Communities|Healthy, Inclusive Communities]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Augmented Age|The Augmented Age]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/A Truly Global Movement|A Truly Global Movement]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/The Most Respected Source of Knowledge|The Most Respected Source of Knowledge]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Cycle 2/Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem|Engaging in the Knowledge Ecosystem]]

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Participate|movement strategy portal on Meta-Wiki]], you can find more information about each of these themes, their discussions, and how to participate.

''Posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] on behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates/Cycle 2 discussions launch|{{int:please-translate}}]] • [[m:Talk:Strategy/Wikimedia movement/2017/Updates|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:08, 16 May 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Strategy/Wikimedia_movement/2017/Updates/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16773425 --&gt;

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[File:Wikimedia-logo black.svg|{{#switch:{{CONTENTLANG}}|ar=left|he=left|right}}|125px|link=m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections]]
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translations of this message are available on Meta-Wiki]].''

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee, we are pleased to announce that self-nominations are being accepted for the [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson]] elections. Please read the letter from the Wikimedia Foundation calling for candidates at [[m:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Call for candidates|on the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee (FDC) makes recommendations about how to allocate Wikimedia movement funds to eligible entities.  There are five positions being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee|the FDC elections page]].

''Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson''&lt;br /&gt;
The Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson receives complaints and feedback about the FDC process, investigates complaints at the request of the Board of Trustees,  and summarizes the investigations and feedback for the Board of Trustees on an annual basis. One position is being filled. More information about this role can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee Ombudsperson|the FDC Ombudsperson elections page]]. 

'''The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Candidates|candidacy submission phase]] will last until May 28 (23:59 UTC).'''

'''We will also be accepting questions to ask the candidates until May 28. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Funds Dissemination Committee/Questions|You can submit your questions on Meta-Wiki]].''' Once the questions submission period has ended on May 28, the Elections Committee will then collate the questions for the candidates to respond to.

The goal of this process is to fill the '''five community-selected seats''' on the Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee and the '''community-selected ombudsperson'''. The election results will be used by the Board itself to make the appointments.

The full schedule for the FDC elections is as follows. All dates are '''inclusive''', that is, from the beginning of the first day (UTC) to the end of the last.

* May 15 (00:00 UTC) – May 28 (23:59 UTC) – '''Nominations'''
* May 15 – May 28 – '''Candidates questions submission period'''
* May 29 – June 2 – '''Candidates answer questions'''
* June 3 – June 11 – '''Voting period'''
* June 12–14 – '''Vote checking'''
* June 15 – '''Goal date for announcing election results'''

More information on this year's elections can be found at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation elections portal]].

Please feel free to post a note about the election on your project's village pump. Any questions related to the election can be posted on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|the talk page on Meta-Wiki]], or sent to the election committee's mailing list, &lt;tt dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;white-space:nowrap;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5&quot;&gt;board-elections[[File:At sign.svg|15x15px|middle|link=|alt=(at)]]wikimedia.org&lt;/tt&gt;.

On behalf of the Election Committee,&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:KTC|Katie Chan]], Chair, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Wikimedia Foundation Elections Committee]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:JSutherland (WMF)|Joe Sutherland]], Community Advocate, Wikimedia Foundation

''Posted by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017/Updates/Start of the 2017 Wikimedia Foundation Funds Dissemination Committee elections|Translate]] • [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2017|Get help]]''&lt;/div&gt; 21:05, 23 May 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:GVarnum-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=16804695 --&gt;

== Accessible editing buttons ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;The MediaWiki developers have been slowly improving the accessibility of the user interface.  The next step in this transition will change the appearance of some buttons and may break some outdated (non-updated or unmaintained) user scripts and gadgets.

You can see and use the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=0 old] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Project:Sandbox?action=submit&amp;ooui=1 new] versions now.  Most editors will only notice that some buttons are slightly larger and have different colors.

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;nolines&quot; caption=&quot;Comparison of old and new styles&quot; heights=&quot;240&quot; widths=&quot;572&quot;&gt;
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, before.png|Buttons before the change
File:MediaWiki edit page buttons accessibility change 2017, after.png|Buttons after the change
&lt;/gallery&gt;

However, this change also affects some user scripts and gadgets.  Unfortunately, some of them may not work well in the new system.  &lt;mark&gt;If you maintain any user scripts or gadgets that are used for editing, please see '''[[:mw:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]]''' for information on how to test and fix your scripts.  Outdated scripts can be tested and fixed now.&lt;/mark&gt;

This change will probably reach this wiki on '''Tuesday, 18 July 2017'''.  Please leave a note at [[:mw:Talk:Contributors/Projects/Accessible editing buttons]] if you need help.&lt;/div&gt; [[:m:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 22:22, 10 July 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=16980876 --&gt;

== Page Previews (Hovercards) update ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello,

A quick update on the progress of enabling [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]] (previously named Hovercards) on this project. Page Previews provide a preview of any linked article, giving readers a quick understanding of a related article without leaving the current page. As mentioned in December we're preparing to remove the feature from Beta and make it the default behavior for logged-out users. We have recently made a large update to the code which fixes most outstanding bugs. 

Due to some issues with our instrumentation, we delayed our deployment by a few months.  We are finally ready to deploy the feature.  Page Previews will be off by default and available in the user preferences page for logged-in users the week of July 24th. The feature will be on by default for current beta users and logged-out users. If you would like to preview the feature, you can enable it as a [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta feature]]. For more information see [[mw:Hovercards|Page Previews]]. Questions can be left [[mw:Talk:Beta_Features/Hovercards|on the talk page]] in your preferred language. 

Thank you again.
&lt;/div&gt;[[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:32, 20 July 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Enable_Hovercards/Reminder/Distribution_list&amp;oldid=17019707 --&gt;

== RfC regarding &quot;Interlinking of accounts involved with paid editing to decrease impersonation&quot; ==

There is currently a RfC open on Meta regarding &quot;[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation requiring those involved with paid editing on Wikipedia to link on their user page to all other active accounts through which they advertise paid Wikipedia editing business.]&quot; 

Note this is to apply to Wikipedia and not necessarily other sister projects, this is only to apply to websites where people are specifically advertising that they will edit Wikipedia for pay and not any other personal, professional, or social media accounts a person may have.

[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Requests_for_comment/Interlinking_of_accounts_involved_with_paid_editing_to_decrease_impersonation Please comment on meta]. Thanks. Send on behalf of [[User:Doc James]].

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 21:06, 17 September 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Doc James@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedias&amp;oldid=17234819 --&gt;

== Discussion on synced reading lists ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Discussion on synced reading lists'''

Hello,

[[File:Illustration of Reading List feature on Android Wikipedia App (not logged in).png|thumb]] The Reading Infrastructure team at the Wikimedia Foundation is developing a cross-platform reading list service for the mobile Wikipedia app. Reading lists are like bookmark folders in your web browser. They allow readers using the Wikipedia app to bookmark pages into folders to read later. This includes reading offline. Reading lists do not create or alter content in any way.  

To create Reading Lists, app users will register an account and marked pages will be tied to that account. Reading List account preferences sync between devices. You can read the same pages on different mobile platforms (tablets, phones).  This is the first time we are syncing preference data between devices in such a way. We want to hear and address concerns about privacy and data security. We also want to explain why the current watchlist system is not being adapted for this purpose. 
=== Background ===
In 2016 the Android team replaced the simple Saved Pages feature with Reading Lists. Reading Lists allow users to bookmark pages into folders and for reading offline. The intent of this feature was to allow &quot;syncing&quot; of these lists for users with many devices. Due to overlap with the Gather feature and related community concerns, this part was put on hold. 

The Android team has identified this lack of synching as a major area of complaint from users. They expect lists to sync. The iOS team has held off implementing Reading Lists, as syncing was seen as a &quot;must have&quot; for this feature. A recent [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T164990 technical RfC] has allowed these user stories and needs to be unblocked. Initially for Android, then iOS, and with web to potentially follow.

Reading lists are private, stored as part of a user's account, not as a public wiki page. There is no sharing or publishing ability for reading lists. No planned work to make these public. The target audience are people that read Wikipedia and want to bookmark and organize that content in the app. There is a potential for the feature to be available on the web in the future.

=== Why not watchlists ===

Watchlists offer similar functionality to Reading Lists. The Reading Infrastructure team evaluated watchlist infrastructure before exploring other options. In general, the needs of watchlists differ from Reading Lists in a few key ways:
* Reading lists focus on Reading articles, not the monitoring of changes.
* Watchlists are focused on monitoring changes of pages/revisions. 
** The Watchlist infrastructure is key to our contributor community for monitoring content changes manually and through the use of automated tools (bots). Because of these needs, expanding the scope of Watchlists to reading purposes will only make the project harder to maintain and add more constraints.
* By keeping the projects separate it is easier to scale resources. We can serve these two different audiences and prioritize the work accordingly. Reading Lists are, by their nature, less critical to the health of Wikipedia/MediaWiki.
* Multi-project support. Reading Lists are by design cross-wiki/project. Watchlists are tied to specific wikis. While there have been many discussion for making them cross-wiki, resolution is not in the near term.
[[mw:Wikimedia Apps/Synced Reading Lists|More information can be found on MediaWiki.org]] where feedback and ideas are welcome. 

Thank you
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:35, 20 September 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=16981815 --&gt;

== Changes to the global ban policy ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Hello. Some changes to the [[m:Global bans|community global ban policy]] have been proposed. Your comments are welcome at [[:m:Requests for comment/Improvement of global ban policy]]. Please translate this message to your language, if needed. Cordially. [[:m:User:Matiia|Matiia]] ([[:m:User talk:Matiia|Matiia]]) 00:34, 12 November 2017 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Matiia@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=17241561 --&gt;

== New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''New print to pdf feature for mobile web readers'''

The Readers web team will be deploying a new feature this week to make it [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|easier to download PDF versions of articles on the mobile website]].

Providing better offline functionality was one of the highlighted areas from [[m:New_Readers/Offline|the research done by the New Readers team in Mexico, Nigeria, and India]]. The teams created a prototype for mobile PDFs which was evaluated by user research and community feedback.  The [[m:New_Readers/Offline#Concept_testing_for_mobile_web|prototype evaluation]] received positive feedback and results, so development continued.

For the initial deployment, the feature will be available to Google Chrome browsers on Android. Support for other mobile browsers to come in the future. For Chrome, the feature will use the native Android print functionality. Users can choose to download a webpage as a PDF. [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Print_Styles#Mobile_Printing|Mobile print styles]] will be used for these PDFs to ensure optimal readability for smaller screens.

The feature is available starting Wednesday, Nov 15. For more information, see [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_PDFs|the project page on MediaWiki.org]]. 

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 22:07, 20 November 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:CKoerner_(WMF)/Mobile_PDF_distribution_list&amp;oldid=17448927 --&gt;

== Call for Wikimania 2018 Scholarships ==

Hi all,

We wanted to inform you that scholarship applications for [[:wm2018:Wikimania 2018|Wikimania 2018]] which is being held in Cape Town, South Africa on July 18–22, 2018 are now being accepted. '''Applications are open until Monday, 22 January 2018 23:59 UTC.'''

Applicants will be able to apply for a partial or full scholarship. A full scholarship will cover the cost of an individual's round-trip travel, shared accommodation, and conference registration fees as arranged by the Wikimedia Foundation. A partial scholarship will cover conference registration fees and shared accommodation. Applicants will be rated using a pre-determined selection process and selection criteria established by the Scholarship Committee and the Wikimedia Foundation, who will determine which applications are successful. To learn more about Wikimania 2018 scholarships, please visit: [[:wm2018:Scholarships]].

To apply for a scholarship, fill out the multi-language application form on: '''https://scholarships.wikimedia.org/apply'''

It is highly recommended that applicants review all the material on the Scholarships page and [[:wm2018:Scholarships/FAQ|the associated FAQ]] before submitting an application. If you have any questions, please contact: wikimania-scholarships at wikimedia.org or leave a message at: [[:wm2018:Talk:Scholarships]]. Please help us spread the word and translate pages!

Best regards, [[:m:User:Slashme|David Richfield]] and [[:m:DerHexer|Martin Rulsch]] for the [[:wm2018:Scholarship Committee|Scholarship Committee]] 19:24, 20 December 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:DerHexer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&amp;oldid=17300722 --&gt;

== User group for Military Historians ==

Greetings, 

&quot;Military history&quot; is one of the most important subjects when speak of sum of all human knowledge. To support contributors interested in the area over various language Wikipedias, we intend to form a user group. It also provides a platform to share the best practices between military historians, and various military related projects on Wikipedias. An initial discussion was has been done between the coordinators and members of WikiProject Military History on English Wikipedia. Now this discussion has been taken to Meta-Wiki. Contributors intrested in the area of military history are requested to share their feedback and give suggestions at [[:m:Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians|Talk:Discussion to incubate a user group for Wikipedia Military Historians]].

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:46, 21 December 2017 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Krishna Chaitanya Velaga@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_Wikipedia_delivery&amp;oldid=17565441 --&gt;

== Editing News #1—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''
&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;
Did you know that you can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]] on any page?

[[File:Wikitext diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing some changes, in the two-column wikitext diff display|center|frameless|250px]]

Sometimes, it is hard to see important changes in a wikitext diff.  This screenshot of a wikitext diff (click to enlarge) shows that the paragraphs have been rearranged, but it does not highlight the removal of a word or the addition of a new sentence.

If you [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the Beta Feature]] for &quot;{{Int:visualeditor-preference-visualdiffpage-label}}&quot;, you will have a new option.  It will give you a new box at the top of every diff page.  This box will let you choose either diff system on any edit.

[[File:VisualEditor visual diff tool - toggle button.png|alt=Toggle button showing visual and wikitext options; visual option is selected|center|frameless|200px]]
Click the toggle button to switch between visual and wikitext diffs.

In the visual diff, additions, removals, new links, and formatting changes will be highlighted.  Other changes, such as changing the size of an image, are described in notes on the side.

[[File:Visual diff paragraph move correcting vandalism 2018.png|alt=Screenshot showing the same changes to an article.  Most changes are highlighted with text formatting.|center|frameless|250px]]

This screenshot shows the same edit as the wikitext diff.  The visual diff highlights the removal of one word and the addition of a new sentence.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2017/May|the last newsletter]], the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has spent most of their time supporting [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor mode]], which is available inside the visual editor as a Beta Feature, and improving [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]]. Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  You can find links to the work finished each week at [[mw:VisualEditor/Weekly triage meetings]].  Their [[mw:Editing team/Current priorities|current priorities]] are fixing bugs, supporting the 2017 wikitext editor, and improving the visual diff tool.
===Recent changes===
*The '''[[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]]''' is [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|available as a Beta Feature]] on desktop devices.  It has the same toolbar as the visual editor and can use the citoid service and other modern tools.  The team have been comparing the performance of different editing environments.  They have studied how long it takes to open the page and start typing.  The study uses data for more than one million edits during December and January.  Some changes have been made to improve the speed of the 2017 wikitext editor and the visual editor.  Recently, the 2017 wikitext editor opened fastest for most edits, and the 2010 WikiEditor was fastest for some edits.  More information will be posted at [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Editing performance]].
*The '''[[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|visual diff tool]]''' was developed for the visual editor.  It is now available to all users of the visual editor and the 2017 wikitext editor.  When you review your changes, you can toggle between wikitext and visual diffs.  You can also [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable the new Beta Feature]] for &quot;Visual diffs&quot;.  The Beta Feature lets you use the visual diff tool to view other people's edits on page histories and [[Special:RecentChanges]].  [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T167508]
*[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|'''Wikitext syntax highlighting''']] is available as a Beta Feature for both [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|the 2017 wikitext editor]] and the 2010 wikitext editor. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T101246]
*The [[mw:Citoid|citoid service]] automatically translates URLs, DOIs, ISBNs, and PubMed id numbers into wikitext citation templates.  It is very popular and useful to editors, although it can be a bit tricky to set up.  &lt;mark&gt;Your wiki can have this service.  Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid/Enabling Citoid on your wiki|read the instructions]]. You can [[phab:T127354|ask the team to help you enable citoid at your wiki]]&lt;/mark&gt;.

===Let's work together===
*The team will talk about editing tools at an upcoming [[m:Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meetings|Wikimedia Foundation metrics and activities meeting]].
*Wikibooks, Wikiversity, and other communities may have the visual editor made available by default to contributors.  If your community wants this, then please contact [[mw:User talk:Deskana (WMF)|Dan Garry]].
*The &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;references /&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; block can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Projects/Columns for references|automatically display long lists of references in columns]] on wide screens.  This makes footnotes easier to read.  You can [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Cite,VisualEditor,Wikimedia-Site-requests&amp;title=Convert%20reference%20lists%20over%20to%20`responsive`%20on%20XXwiki&amp;priority=10&amp;parent=159895 '''request multi-column support'''] for your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T33597]
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} 

—[[mw:User:Elitre (WMF)|Elitre (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 20:56, 2 March 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=17790200 --&gt;

== AdvancedSearch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
From May 8, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:AdvancedSearch|AdvancedSearch]] will be available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Features|beta feature]] in your wiki. The feature enhances the [[Special:Search|search page]] through an advanced parameters form and aims to make [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch/Functional_scope|existing search options]] more visible and accessible for everyone. AdvancedSearch is a project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/AdvancedSearch|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature and we hope that it will serve you well in your work!  &lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)|Birgit Müller (WMDE)]] 14:53, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Birgit Müller (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&amp;oldid=17995461 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (May 2018) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to research and tools as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/69/ Rock's Backpages]''' – Music articles and interviews from the 1950s onwards - 50 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/68/ Invaluable]''' – Database of more than 50 million auctions and over 500,000 artists - 15 accounts
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/70/ Termsoup]''' – Translation tool

'''Expansions'''
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/43/ Fold3]''' – Available content has more than doubled, now including new military collections from the UK, Australia, and New Zealand.
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/52/ Oxford University Press]''' – The Scholarship collection now includes [http://www.e-enlightenment.com/ Electronic Enlightenment]
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/60/ Alexander Street Press]''' – [https://alexanderstreet.com/products/women-and-social-movements-library Women and Social Movements Library] now available
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/58/ Cambridge University Press]''' – [http://orlando.cambridge.org/ Orlando Collection] now available

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/41/ Loeb Classical Library], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 18:03, 30 May 2018 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=18064061 --&gt;

== Global preferences are available ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Global preferences are now available, you can set them by visiting your new [[Special:GlobalPreferences|global preferences page]]. Visit [[mw:Help:Extension:GlobalPreferences|mediawiki.org for information on how to use them]] and [[mw:Help talk:Extension:GlobalPreferences|leave feedback]]. -- [[User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:19, 10 July 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=17968247 --&gt;

== New user group for editing sitewide CSS / JS ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''({{int:please-translate}})''

Hi all!

To improve the security of our readers and editors, permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed. (These are pages like &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Common.css&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:Vector.js&lt;/code&gt; which contain code that is executed in the browsers of users of the site.)
A new user group, &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt;, has been created.
Starting four weeks from now, only members of this group will be able edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.css&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;.js&lt;/code&gt; that is either in the &lt;code dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;MediaWiki:&lt;/code&gt; namespace or is another user's user subpage).

You can learn more about the motivation behind the change [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|here]].

Please add users who need to edit CSS/JS to the new group (this can be done the same way new administrators are added, by stewards or local bureaucrats).
This is a dangerous permission; a malicious user or a hacker taking over the account of a careless interface-admin can abuse it in far worse ways than admin permissions could be abused. Please only assign it to users who need it, who are trusted by the community, and who follow common basic password and computer security practices (use strong passwords, do not reuse passwords, use two-factor authentication if possible, do not install software of questionable origin on your machine, use antivirus software if that's a standard thing in your environment).

Thanks!
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 17:45, 30 July 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tgr/massmessage-T139380-ifadmin&amp;oldid=18255968 --&gt;

== Editing of sitewide CSS/JS is only possible for interface administrators from now ==

''({{int:please-translate}})''

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hi all,

as [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS/announcement 2|announced previously]], permission handling for CSS/JS pages has changed: only members of the &lt;code&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interface administrators|interface-admin]]&lt;/code&gt; ({{int:group-interface-admin}}) group, and a few highly privileged global groups such as stewards, can edit CSS/JS pages that they do not own (that is, any page ending with .css or .js that is either in the MediaWiki: namespace or is another user's user subpage). This is done to improve the security of readers and editors of Wikimedia projects. More information is available at [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS|Creation of separate user group for editing sitewide CSS/JS]]. If you encounter any unexpected problems, please contact me or file a bug.

Thanks!&lt;br /&gt;
[[m:User:Tgr|Tgr]] ([[m:User talk:Tgr|talk]]) 12:40, 27 August 2018 (UTC) &lt;small&gt;(via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global_message_delivery|global message delivery]])&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tgr@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18258712 --&gt;

== Read-only mode for up to an hour on 12 September and 10 October ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2018|Read this message in another language]]  •  {{int:please-translate}}

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster.  To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data center on '''Wednesday, 12 September 2018'''.
On '''Wednesday, 10 October 2018''', they will switch back to the primary data center.  

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop when we switch.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Wednesday, 12 September and Wednesday, 10 October. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20170503T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Thursday 13 September and Thursday 11 October). 
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the weeks of 10 September 2018 and 8 October 2018.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' /&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Johan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 13:33, 6 September 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18333489 --&gt;

== Editing News #2—2018 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
'''Did you know?'''  
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?
[[File:Mobile editing watchlist star editing pencil.png|alt=Screenshot showing the location of the pencil icon|center|frameless|250px]]

Tap on the pencil icon to start editing.  The page will probably open in the wikitext editor.

You will see another pencil icon in the toolbar.  Tap on that pencil icon to the switch between visual editing and wikitext editing.

[[File:Visual editing mobile switch wikitext.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

Remember to publish your changes when you're done.

You can read and help translate [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|the user guide]], which has more information about how to use the visual editor.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Since the last newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing Team]] has wrapped up most of their work on the [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] and [[mw:VisualEditor/Diffs|the visual diff tool]].  The team has begun investigating the needs of editors who use mobile devices.  Their work board is available [[phab:project/view/3236/|in Phabricator]].  Their [[mw:Wikimedia Audiences/2018-19 Q2 Goals#Contributors|current priorities]] are fixing bugs and improving mobile editing.   

=== Recent changes ===
*The Editing team has published an [[mw:Mobile editing using the visual editor report|initial report about mobile editing]].  
*The Editing team has begun a design study of visual editing on the mobile website.  New editors have trouble doing basic tasks on a smartphone, such as adding links to Wikipedia articles.  You can [[c:File:Visual Editor Heuristic - Results.pdf|read the report]].
*The Reading team is working on a [[mw:Reading/Web/Advanced mobile contributions|separate mobile-based contributions project]].
*The 2006 wikitext editor is [[mw:Contributors/Projects/Removal of the 2006 wikitext editor|no longer supported]].  If you used [[:File:Edit toolbar - 2.png|that toolbar]], then you will no longer see any toolbar.  You may choose another editing tool in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing|editing preferences]], [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|local gadgets]], or [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]].
*The Editing team described the history and status of [[mw:Extension:VisualEditor|VisualEditor]] in [[m:Wikimedia monthly activities meetings/2018-03|this recorded public presentation]] (starting at 29 minutes, 30 seconds).
*The Language team released [[mw:Content translation/V2|a new version of Content Translation]] (CX2) last month, on [[foundationsite:2018/09/30/international-translation-day/|International Translation Day]]. It integrates the visual editor to support templates, tables, and images.  It also produces better wikitext when the translated article is published. [https://wikimediafoundation.org/2018/09/30/content-translation-version-two/]

=== Let's work together ===
* The Editing team wants to improve visual editing on the mobile website.  &lt;mark&gt;Please read [[mw:Visual-based mobile editing/Ideas/October 2018|their ideas]] and tell the team what you think would help editors who use the mobile site.&lt;/mark&gt;  
*The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2019|Community Wishlist Survey]] begins next week.
*If you aren't reading this in your preferred language, then please help us with translations! Subscribe to the [[mail:translators-l|Translators mailing list]] or [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Elitre_(WMF)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=new contact us] directly. We will notify you when the next issue is ready for translation. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

—[[mw:User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:17, 2 November 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=17790200 --&gt;

== Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
'''Change coming to how certain templates will appear on the mobile web'''

{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Page_issues_-_mobile_banner_example.jpg|thumb|Example of improvements]]

Hello,

In a few weeks the Readers web team will be changing how some templates look on the mobile web site. We will make these templates more noticeable when viewing the article. We ask for your help in updating any templates that don't look correct.

What kind of templates? Specifically templates that notify readers and contributors about issues with the content of an article – the text and information in the article. Examples like [[wikidata:Q5962027|Template:Unreferenced]] or [[Wikidata:Q5619503|Template:More citations needed]]. Right now these notifications are hidden behind a link under the title of an article. We will format templates like these (mostly those that use Template:Ambox or message box templates in general) to show a short summary under the page title. You can tap on the &quot;Learn more&quot; link to get more information.

For template editors we have [[mw:Recommendations_for_mobile_friendly_articles_on_Wikimedia_wikis#Making_page_issues_(ambox_templates)_mobile_friendly|some recommendations on how to make templates that are mobile-friendly]] and also further [[mw:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|documentation on our work so far]].

If you have questions about formatting templates for mobile, [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Projects/Mobile_Page_Issues|please leave a note on the project talk page]] or [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/maniphest/task/edit/form/1/?projects=Readers-Web-Backlog file a task in Phabricator] and we will help you.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 19:35, 13 November 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18543269 --&gt;

== Community Wishlist Survey vote ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

The Community Wishlist Survey. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Hey everyone,

The Community Wishlist Survey is the process when the Wikimedia communities decide what the Wikimedia Foundation [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] should work on over the next year.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors. The communities have now posted a long list of technical proposals. You can vote on the proposals from now until 30 November. You can read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2019|wishlist survey page]]. 

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;/[[m:User:Johan (WMF)|User:Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 18:13, 22 November 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18543269 --&gt;

== Advanced Search ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  
[[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/AdvancedSearch|Advanced Search]] will become a default feature on your wiki on November 28. This new interface allows you to perform specialized searches on the [[Special:Search|search page]], even if you don’t know any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:CirrusSearch|search syntax]]. Advanced Search originates from the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|German Community’s Technical Wishes project]]. It's already a default feature on German, Arabic, Farsi and Hungarian Wikipedia. Besides, more than 40.000 users across all wikis have tested the beta version. Feedback is welcome on the [[mw:Help talk:Extension:AdvancedSearch|central feedback page]].&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|talk]]) 11:03, 26 November 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_2&amp;oldid=18363910 --&gt;

== New Wikimedia password policy and requirements ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

The Wikimedia Foundation security team is implementing a new [[m:Password policy|password policy and requirements]]. [[mw:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|You can learn more about the project on MediaWiki.org]].

These new requirements will apply to new accounts and privileged accounts. New accounts will be required to create a password with a minimum length of 8 characters. Privileged accounts will be prompted to update their password to one that is at least 10 characters in length.

These changes are planned to be in effect on December 13th. If you think your work or tools will be affected by this change, please let us know on [[mw:Talk:Wikimedia_Security_Team/Password_strengthening_2019|the talk page]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:CKoerner (WMF)|CKoerner (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:CKoerner (WMF)|talk]]) 20:03, 6 December 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18639017 --&gt;

== Invitation from Wiki Loves Love 2019 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:WLL Subtitled Logo (transparent).svg|right|frameless]]

Love is an important subject for humanity and it is expressed in different cultures and regions in different ways across the world through different gestures, ceremonies, festivals and to document expression of this rich and beautiful emotion, we need your help so we can share and spread the depth of cultures that each region has, the best of how people of that region, celebrate love. 

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love|Wiki Loves Love (WLL)]] is an international photography competition of Wikimedia Commons with the subject love testimonials happening in the month of February.

The primary goal of the competition is to document love testimonials through human cultural diversity such as monuments, ceremonies, snapshot of tender gesture, and miscellaneous objects used as symbol of love; to illustrate articles in the worldwide free encyclopedia Wikipedia, and other Wikimedia Foundation (WMF) projects. 

The theme of 2019 iteration is '''''Celebrations, Festivals, Ceremonies and rituals of love.'''''

Sign up your affiliate or individually at [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019/Participants|Participants]] page.

To know more about the contest, check out our [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2019|Commons Page]] and [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/FAQ|FAQs]]

There are several prizes to grab. Hope to see you spreading love this February with Wiki Loves Love!

Kind regards,

[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Love 2018/International Team|Wiki Loves Love Team]]

Imagine... the sum of all love!
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:13, 27 December 2018 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18639017 --&gt;

== FileExporter beta feature ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
[[File:Logo for FileExporter.svg|thumb|Coming soon: the beta feature [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]]]
A new beta feature will soon be released on all wikis: The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter]]. It allows exports of files from a local wiki to Wikimedia Commons, including their file history and page history. Which files can be exported is defined by each wiki's community: '''Please check your wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration file documentation|configuration file]]''' if you want to use this feature.

The FileExporter has already been a beta feature on [https://www.mediawiki.org mediawiki.org], [https://meta.wikimedia.org meta.wikimedia], deWP, faWP, arWP, koWP and on [https://wikisource.org wikisource.org]. After some functionality was added, it's now becoming a beta feature on all wikis. Deployment is planned for January 16. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|on the project page]]. 

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test the FileExporter, please activate it in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]]. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help_talk:Extension:FileImporter|central talk page]]. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:41, 14 January 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=18782700 --&gt;

== No editing for 30 minutes on 17 January ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' the wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190117T07 17 January 07:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a database problem that has to be fixed immediately. You can still read the wikis. Some wikis are not affected. They don't get this message. You can see which wikis are '''not''' affected [[:m:User:Johan (WMF)/201901ReadOnlyPage|on this page]]. Most wikis are affected. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;
18:54, 16 January 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/201901ReadOnly/Targets7&amp;oldid=18789239 --&gt;

== Talk to us about talking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_speechBubbles-rtl.svg|alt=&quot;￼icon depicting two speech Bubbles&quot;|frameless|right|120px]]
The Wikimedia Foundation is planning a [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|global consultation about communication]]. The goal is to bring Wikimedians and wiki-minded people together to improve tools for communication.

We want all contributors to be able to talk to each other on the wikis, whatever their experience, their skills or their devices.

We are looking for input from as many different parts of the Wikimedia community as possible. It will come from multiple projects, in multiple languages, and with multiple perspectives.

We are currently planning the consultation. We need your help.

'''We need volunteers to help talk to their communities or user groups.'''

You can help by hosting a discussion at your wiki. Here's what to do:  
# First, [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Participant group sign-up|sign up your group here.]]  
# Next, create a page (or a section on a Village pump, or an e-mail thread – whatever is natural for your group) to collect information from other people in your group.  This is not a vote or decision-making discussion: we are just collecting feedback.  
# Then ask people what they think about communication processes.  We want to hear stories and other information about how people communicate with each other on and off wiki.  Please consider asking these five questions:
## When you want to discuss a topic with your community, what tools work for you, and what problems block you?
## What about talk pages works for newcomers, and what blocks them?
## What do others struggle with in your community about talk pages?
## What do you wish you could do on talk pages, but can't due to the technical limitations?
## What are the important aspects of a &quot;wiki discussion&quot;?
# Finally, please go to [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019 on Mediawiki.org]] and report what you learned from your group.  Please include links if the discussion is available to the public.

'''You can also help build the list of the many different ways people talk to each other.'''

Not all groups active on wikis or around wikis use the same way to discuss things: it can happen on wiki, on social networks, through external tools... Tell us [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Tools in use|how your group communicates]].

You can read more about [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|the overall process]] on mediawiki.org. If you have questions or ideas, you can [[mw:Talk:Talk pages consultation 2019|leave feedback about the consultation process]] in the language you prefer.

Thank you! We're looking forward to talking with you.
&lt;/div&gt; [[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 15:01, 21 February 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18639017 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Accounts Available Now (March 2019) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing signups today for free, full-access, accounts to published research as part of our [[m:The_Wikipedia_Library/Journals|Publisher Donation Program]]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/72/ Kinige]''' – Primarily Indian-language ebooks - 10 books per month
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale]''' – Times Digital Archive collection added (covering 1785-2013)
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR]''' – New applications now being taken again

Many other partnerships with accounts available are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/47/ Baylor University Press], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/10/ Taylor &amp; Francis], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/46/ Cairn], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/32/ Annual Reviews] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/61/ Bloomsbury]. You can request new partnerships on our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/suggest/ Suggestions page].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: sign up today!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 17:40, 13 March 2019 (UTC)

:''You can host and coordinate signups for a Wikipedia Library branch in your own language. Please contact [[m:User:Ocaasi_(WMF)|Ocaasi (WMF)]].''&lt;br&gt; 
:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=18873404 --&gt;

== Read-only mode for up to 30 minutes on 11 April ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You will '''not be able to edit''' most Wikimedia wikis for up to 30 minutes on '''[https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20190411T05 11 April 05:00 UTC]'''. This is because of a hardware problem. You can still read the wikis. You [[phab:T220080|can see which wikis are affected]]. The time you can not edit might be shorter than 30 minutes. /[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 10:56, 8 April 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18979889 --&gt;

== Wikimedia Foundation Medium-Term Plan feedback request ==

{{int:please-translate}}

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The Wikimedia Foundation has published a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|Medium-Term Plan proposal]] covering the next 3–5 years. We want your feedback! Please leave all comments and questions, in any language, on [[m:Talk:Wikimedia_Foundation_Medium-term_plan_2019|the talk page]], by April 20. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]]) 17:35, 12 April 2019 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=18998727 --&gt;

== Editing News #1—July 2019 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]''

&lt;div style=&quot;float:right;width:270px;margin-left:1em;border-style:solid;border-width:1px;padding:1em;&quot;&gt;
[[File:VisualEditor-logo.svg|200px|center]]
&lt;big&gt;'''Did you know?'''&lt;/big&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 90%;&quot;&gt;  

Did you know that you can use the visual editor on a mobile device?

Every article has a pencil icon at the top.  Tap on the pencil icon [[File:OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg|frameless|16x16px]] to start editing.  

'''&lt;big&gt;Edit Cards&lt;/big&gt;'''

[[File:EditCards-v.20.png|alt=Toolbar with menu opened|center|frameless|250px]]

This is what the new '''Edit Cards for editing links''' in the mobile visual editor look like. You can try the prototype here: '''[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].'''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

Welcome back to the [[mw:Editing|Editing]] newsletter.

Since [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2018/October|the last newsletter]], the team has released two new features for the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|mobile visual editor]] and has started developing three more.  All of this work is part of the team's goal to [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2018-2019/Audiences#Outcome 3: Mobile Contribution|make editing on mobile web simpler]].  

Before talking about the team's recent releases, we have a question for you:  

&lt;strong&gt;Are you willing to try a new way to add and change links?&lt;/strong&gt;

If you are interested, we would value your input!  You can try this new link tool in the mobile visual editor on a separate wiki. 

&lt;em&gt;Follow these instructions and share your experience:&lt;/em&gt;

&lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 Try Edit Cards]].&lt;/strong&gt;

=== Recent releases ===
The mobile visual editor is a simpler editing tool, for smartphones and tablets using the [[mw:Reading/Web/Mobile#About|mobile site]].  The Editing team recently launched two new features to improve the mobile visual editor: 

# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing|Section editing]]
#* The purpose is to help contributors focus on their edits.
#* The team studied this with an A/B test.  [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Section editing#16 June 2019|This test showed]] that contributors who could use section editing were '''1% more likely to publish''' the edits they started than people with only full-page editing.
# [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#March 1, 2019|Loading overlay]]
#* The purpose is to smooth the transition between reading and editing.

Section editing and the new loading overlay are '''now available to everyone''' using the mobile visual editor.

=== New and active projects ===
This is a list of our most active projects. [[mw:Help:Watching pages|Watch]] these pages to learn about project updates and to share your input on new designs, prototypes and research findings.

*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit cards]]: This is a clearer way to add and edit links, citations, images, templates, etc. in articles.  You can try this feature now.  &lt;em&gt;Go here to see how:&lt;/em&gt; [[mw:Topic:V394zwrigth8ii7c|📲 &lt;em&gt;Try Edit Cards&lt;/em&gt;]].
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Mobile toolbar refresh]]: This project will learn if contributors are more successful when the editing tools are easier to recognize.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|Mobile visual editor availability]]: This A/B test asks:  ''Are newer contributors more successful if they use the mobile visual editor?''  We are collaborating with [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default#26 June 2019 %E2%80%93 Participating wikis and test start date|20 Wikipedias]] to answer this question.
*[[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Usability improvements|Usability improvements]]: This project will make the mobile visual editor easier to use.  The goal is to let contributors stay focused on editing and to feel more confident in the editing tools.

=== Looking ahead ===

* '''Wikimania:'''  Several members of the Editing Team will be attending [[wmania:|Wikimania]] in August 2019.  They will lead a session about mobile editing in the [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|Community Growth space]].  Talk to the team about how editing can be improved.
* '''Talk Pages:'''  In the coming months, the Editing Team will begin [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|improving talk pages]] and communication on the wikis.

=== Learning more ===
The [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|VisualEditor on mobile]] is a good place to learn more about the projects we are working on. The team wants to talk with you about anything related to editing. If you have something to say or ask, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

[[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:user_talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]]) 
&lt;/div&gt; 18:32, 23 July 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=19175117 --&gt;

== Update on the consultation about office actions ==

Hello all, 

Last month, the Wikimedia Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team [[:en:Wikipedia:Village_pump_(policy)/Archive_152#Announcement_of_forthcoming_temporary_and_partial_ban_tool_consultation|announced]] a future consultation about partial and/or temporary [[m:Special:MyLanguage/office actions|office actions]]. We want to let you know that the '''draft version''' of this consultation has now been [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|posted on Meta]]. 

This is a '''draft'''. It is not intended to be the consultation itself, which will be posted on Meta likely in early September. Please do not treat this draft as a consultation. Instead, we ask your assistance in forming the final language for the consultation.

For that end, we would like your input over the next couple of weeks about what questions the consultation should ask about partial and temporary Foundation office action bans and how it should be formatted. '''[[:m:Talk:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|Please post it on the draft talk page]]'''. Our goal is to provide space for the community to discuss all the aspects of these office actions that need to be discussed, and we want to ensure with your feedback that the consultation is presented in the best way to encourage frank and constructive conversation.

Please visit [[:m:Office_actions/Community_consultation_on_partial_and_temporary_office_actions/draft|the consultation draft on Meta-wiki]] and leave your comments on the draft’s talk page about what the consultation should look like and what questions it should ask. 

Thank you for your input! -- The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety|Trust &amp; Safety team]] 08:03, 16 August 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=19175143 --&gt;

== New tools and IP masking ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hey everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation wants to work on two things that affect how we patrol changes and handle vandalism and harassment. We want to make the tools that are used to handle bad edits better. We also want to get better privacy for unregistered users so their IP addresses are no longer shown to everyone in the world. We would not hide IP addresses until we have better tools for patrolling.

We have an idea of what tools ''could'' be working better and how a more limited access to IP addresses would change things, but we need to hear from more wikis. You can read more about the project [[m:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|on Meta]] and [[m:Talk:IP Editing: Privacy Enhancement and Abuse Mitigation|post comments and feedback]]. Now is when we need to hear from you to be able to give you better tools to handle vandalism, spam and harassment.

You can post in your language if you can't write in English.
[[User:Johan (WMF)|Johan (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; 14:18, 21 August 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Tools_and_IP_message/Distribution&amp;oldid=19315232 --&gt;

== The consultation on partial and temporary Foundation bans just started ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;
Hello, 

In a [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|recent statement]], the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees [[:en:Wikipedia:Community_response_to_the_Wikimedia_Foundation%27s_ban_of_Fram/Official_statements#Board_statement|requested that staff hold a consultation]] to &quot;re-evaluat[e] or add community input to the two new office action policy tools (temporary and partial Foundation bans)&quot;.

Accordingly, the Foundation's Trust &amp; Safety team invites all Wikimedians [[:m:Office actions/Community consultation on partial and temporary office actions/09 2019|to join this consultation and give their feedback]] from 30 September to 30 October. 

How can you help?

* Suggest how partial and temporary Foundation bans should be used, if they should (eg: On all projects, or only on a subset);

* Give ideas about how partial and temporary Foundation bans should ideally implemented, if they should be; and/or

* Propose changes to the existing Office Actions policy on partial and temporary bans.

We offer our thanks in advance for your contributions, and we hope to get as much input as possible from community members during this consultation!

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;-- [[user:Kbrown (WMF)|Kbrown (WMF)]] 17:14, 30 September 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=19302497 --&gt;

== Feedback wanted on Desktop Improvements project ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. The Readers Web team at the WMF will work on some [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|improvements to the desktop interface]] over the next couple of years. The goal is to increase usability without removing any functionality. We have been inspired by changes made by volunteers, but that currently only exist as local gadgets and user scripts, prototypes, and volunteer-led skins. We would like to begin the process of bringing some of these changes into the default experience on all Wikimedia projects. 

We are currently in the research stage of this project and are looking for ideas for improvements, as well as feedback on our current ideas and mockups.  So far, we have performed interviews with community members at Wikimania. We have gathered lists of previous volunteer and WMF work in this area. We are examining possible technical approaches for such changes.  

We would like individual feedback on the following:

* Identifying focus areas for the project we have not yet discovered
* Expanding the list of existing gadgets and user scripts that are related to providing a better desktop experience. If you can think of some of these from your wiki, please let us know
* Feedback on the ideas and mockups we have collected so far

We would also like to gather a list of wikis that would be interested in being test wikis for this project - these wikis would be the first to receive the updates once we’re ready to start building. 

When giving feedback, please consider the following goals of the project:

* Make it easier for readers to focus on the content
* Provide easier access to everyday actions (e.g. search, language switching, editing)
* Put things in logical and useful places
* Increase consistency in the interface with other platforms - mobile web and the apps
* Eliminate clutter
* Plan for future growth

As well as the following constraints:

* Not touching the content - no work will be done in terms of styling templates or to the structure of page contents themselves
* Not removing any functionality - things might move around, but all navigational items and other functionality currently available by default will remain
* No drastic changes to the layout - we're taking an evolutionary approach to the changes and want the site to continue feeling familiar to readers and editors

Please give all feedback (in any language) at [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements]] 

After this round of feedback, we plan on building a prototype of suggested changes based on the feedback we receive. You’ll hear from us again asking for feedback on this prototype.

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[mw:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Quiddity (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 07:18, 16 October 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_4&amp;oldid=19462890 --&gt;

== Beta feature &quot;Reference Previews&quot; ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; 
A new beta feature will soon be deployed to your wiki: [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Reference Previews]]. As you might guess from the name, this feature gives you a preview of references in the article text. That means, you can look up a reference without jumping down to the bottom of the page.

Reference Previews have already been a beta feature on German and Arabic Wikipedia since April. Now they will become available on more wikis. Deployment is planned for October 24. More information can be found [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on the project page]].

As always, feedback is highly appreciated. If you want to test Reference Previews, please activate the beta feature in your [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|user preferences]] and let us know what you think. The best place for feedback is the [[mw:Help talk:Reference Previews|central talk page]]. We hope the feature will serve you well in your work. Thank you from Wikimedia Deutschland's [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes project]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 09:47, 23 October 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=19478814 --&gt;

== Editing News #2 – Mobile editing and talk pages ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2019/October|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

Inside this newsletter, the [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] talks about their work on the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]], on [[mw:Talk pages project|the new talk pages project]], and at [[wikimania:|Wikimania 2019]].

=== Help ===
&lt;strong&gt;What talk page interactions do you remember?&lt;/strong&gt; Is it a story about how someone helped you to learn something new? Is it a story about how someone helped you get involved in a group? Something else?  Whatever your story is, we want to hear it!  

Please tell us a story about how you used a talk page.  &lt;mark&gt;Please share a link to a memorable discussion, or describe it on the &lt;strong&gt;[[mw:Topic:V8d91yh8gcg404dj|talk page for this project]]&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/mark&gt;  The team wants your examples.  These examples will help everyone develop a shared understanding of what this project should support and encourage.

=== Talk pages project ===
The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk Pages Consultation]] was a global consultation to define better tools for wiki communication. From February through June 2019, more than 500 volunteers on 20 wikis, across 15 languages and multiple projects, came together with members of the Foundation to create a product direction for a set of discussion tools.  The [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019/Phase 2 report|Phase 2 Report]] of the Talk Page Consultation was published in August. It summarizes the product direction the team has started to work on, which you can read more about here: [[mw:Talk pages project|Talk Page Project project page]]. 

The team needs and wants your help at this early stage.  They are starting to develop the first idea. Please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Getting involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page, if you would like to hear about opportunities to participate.

=== Mobile visual editor ===
The Editing team is trying to make it simpler to edit on mobile devices.  The team is changing the [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile|visual editor on mobile]]. If you have something to say about editing on a mobile device, please leave a message at [[mw:Talk:VisualEditor on mobile|Talk:VisualEditor on mobile]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|Edit Cards]] ====
[[File:Edit Cards-before-v3-comparison.png|thumb|486x486px|What happens when you click on a link.  The new Edit Card is bigger and has more options for editing links.]]

* On 3 September, the Editing team released [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|version 3 of Edit Cards]]. Anyone could use the new version in the mobile visual editor.
* There is an [[:File:Edit Cards comparison v2 and v3.png|updated design]] on the Edit Card for adding and modifying links.  There is also a new, [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#2 September 2019 - v3 deployment timing|combined workflow for editing a link's display text and target]].
* Feedback: You can try the new Edit Cards by opening the mobile visual editor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[:mw:Topic:V5rg0cqmikpubmjj|Edit cards talk page]].

==== [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh|Toolbar]] ====
[[File:Toolbar-comparison-v1.png|thumb|486px|The editing toolbar is changing in the mobile visual editor.  The old system had two different toolbars.  Now, all the buttons are together.  [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Tell the team what you think about the new toolbar]].]]

* In September, the Editing team updated the mobile visual editor's editing toolbar.  Anyone could see these changes in the mobile visual editor.
** &lt;em&gt;One toolbar:&lt;/em&gt; All of the editing tools are located in one toolbar.  Previously, the toolbar changed when you clicked on different things.
**&lt;em&gt;New navigation:&lt;/em&gt; The buttons for moving forward and backward in the edit flow have changed.
**&lt;em&gt;Seamless switching:&lt;/em&gt; an [[phab:T228159|improved workflow]] for switching between the visual and wikitext modes.
* Feedback: You can try the refreshed toolbar by opening the mobile VisualEditor on a smartphone. Please post your feedback on the [[mw:Topic:V79x6zm8n6i4nb56|Toolbar feedback talk page]].

=== Wikimania ===
The Editing Team attended [[wmania:2019:Program|Wikimania 2019]] in Sweden.  They led a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/Visual editing on mobile: An accessible editor for all|the mobile visual editor]] and a session on [[wmania:2019:Community Growth/After Flow: A new direction for improving talk pages|the new talk pages project]].  They tested [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Toolbar refresh#v1 prototype|two]] new [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards#v3 prototype|features]] in the mobile visual editor with contributors.  You can read more about what the team did and learned in [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile#Wikimania Stockholm: Overview|the team's report on Wikimania 2019]].

=== Looking ahead ===

* &lt;strong&gt;Talk Pages Project:&lt;/strong&gt; The team is thinking about the first set of proposed changes.  The team will be working with a few communities to pilot those changes. The best way to stay informed is by adding your username to the list on the project page: [[mw:Talk pages project#Getting involved|&lt;strong&gt;Getting involved&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Testing the mobile visual editor as the default:&lt;/strong&gt;  The Editing team plans to post results before the end of the calendar year. The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/VE mobile default|&lt;strong&gt;VisualEditor as mobile default project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].
* &lt;strong&gt;Measuring the impact of Edit Cards:&lt;/strong&gt;  This study asks whether the project helped editors add links and citations.  The Editing team hopes to share results in November.  The best way to stay informed is by adding the project page to your watchlist: [[mw:VisualEditor on mobile/Edit cards|&lt;strong&gt;Edit Cards project page&lt;/strong&gt;]].

– [[User:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 11:12, 29 October 2019 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Target_lists/VE_201910/5&amp;oldid=19500851 --&gt;

== Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project ==

Hello

The Wikimedia Foundation’s Community Development team is seeking to learn more about the way volunteers learn and develop into the many different roles that exist in the movement. Our goal is to build a movement informed framework that provides shared clarity and outlines accessible pathways on how to grow and develop skills within the movement. To this end, we are looking to speak with you, our community to learn about your journey as a Wikimedia volunteer. Whether you joined yesterday or have been here from the very start, we want to hear about the many ways volunteers join and contribute to our movement.

To learn more about the project, [[:m:special:MyLanguage/Movement Learning and Leadership Development Project|please visit the Meta page]]. If you are interested in participating in the project, please complete [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM07N1FK_s0VUECM61AlWOthwdn5zQOlVsa2vaKcx13BwZg/viewform?usp=sf_link this simple Google form]. Although we may not be able to speak to everyone who expresses interest, we encourage you to complete this short form if you are interested in participating!

-- [[user:LMiranda (WMF)|LMiranda (WMF)]] ([[user talk:LMiranda (WMF)|talk]]) 19:01, 22 January 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&amp;oldid=19738989 --&gt;

== Additional interface for edit conflicts on talk pages ==

''Sorry, for writing this text in English. If you could help to translate it, it would be appreciated.'' 

You might know the new interface for edit conflicts (currently a beta feature). Now, Wikimedia Germany is designing an additional interface to solve edit conflicts on talk pages. This interface is shown to you when you write on a discussion page and another person writes a discussion post in the same line and saves it before you do. With this additional editing conflict interface you can adjust the order of the comments and edit your comment.  We are inviting everyone to have a look at [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Edit Conflicts#Edit conflicts on talk pages|the planned feature]]. Let us know what you think on our [[mw:Help talk:Two Column Edit Conflict View|central feedback page]]! -- For the Technical Wishes Team: [[m:User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 14:15, 26 February 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=19845780 --&gt;

== Editing news 2020 #1 – Discussion tools ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v1.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Screenshot showing what the Reply tool looks like|This early version of the Reply tool automatically signs and indents comments.]]

The [[mw:Editing|Editing team]] has been working on [[mw:Talk pages project|the talk pages project]].  The goal of the talk pages project is to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.  This project is the result of the [[mw:Talk pages consultation 2019|Talk pages consultation 2019]]. 

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|thumb|300px|alt=Reply tool improved with edit tool buttons|In a future update, the team plans to test a tool for easily linking to another user's name, a rich-text editing option, and other tools.]]

The team is building a [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|new tool for replying]] to comments now.  This early version can sign and indent comments automatically.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20version%201.0|test the new Reply tool]].&lt;/strong&gt;  

*On 31 March 2020, the new {{Int:discussiontools-replylink}} tool was offered as a [[mw:Beta Feature|Beta Feature]] editors at four Wikipedias:  [[w:ar:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Arabic]], [[w:nl:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Dutch]], [[w:fr:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|French]], and [[w:hu:Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Hungarian]].  If your community also wants early access to the new tool, contact [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)]].
*The team is planning some upcoming changes.  &lt;strong&gt;Please [[mw:Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|review the proposed design]] and share your thoughts on the talk page.&lt;/strong&gt;  The team will test features such as:
**an easy way to mention another editor (&quot;pinging&quot;), 
**a rich-text visual editing option, and 
**other features identified through user testing or recommended by editors.  

To hear more about Editing Team updates, please add your name to the [[mw:Talk pages project#Get involved|&lt;strong&gt;&quot;Get involved&quot;&lt;/strong&gt;]] section of the project page. You can also watch [[File:MediaWiki Vector skin blue star watchlist icon.svg|frameless|16px]] these pages: [[mw:Talk pages project|the main project page]], [[mw:Talk pages project/Updates|Updates]], [[mw:Talk pages project/replying|Replying]], and [[mw:Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing|User testing]].

– [[user:PPelberg (WMF)|PPelberg (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:PPelberg (WMF)|talk]]) &amp; [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 19:25, 8 April 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox2&amp;oldid=19967064 --&gt;

== Editing news 2020 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/June|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:TalkPages-Reply-v2.0.png|alt=Mockup of the new reply feature, showing new editing tools|thumb|400x400px|The new features include a toolbar.  [[mw:Talk:Talk pages project/replying|What do you think should be in the toolbar?]]]]

This issue of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing|Editing]] newsletter includes information the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]], an effort to help contributors communicate on wiki more easily.

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying|&lt;strong&gt;Reply tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]: This is available as a Beta Feature at the four partner wikis (Arabic, Dutch, French, and Hungarian Wikipedias).  The Beta Feature is called &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot;.  The Beta Feature will get [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying#Version%202.0|new features]] soon.  The new features include writing comments in a new visual editing mode and pinging other users by typing &lt;code&gt;@&lt;/code&gt;. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/replying/prototype testing#Reply%20tool%20version%202.0|test the new features]] on the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Beta Cluster|Beta Cluster]] now.  Some other wikis will have a chance to try the Beta Feature in the coming months.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/New requirements for user signatures|&lt;strong&gt;New requirements for user signatures&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  Soon, users will not be able to save invalid custom signatures in [[Special:Preferences]]. This will reduce signature spoofing, prevent page corruption, and make new talk page tools more reliable.  Most editors will not be affected.
* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion|&lt;strong&gt;New discussion tool&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team is beginning work on a simpler process for starting new discussions.   You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/New discussion#Design|see the initial design on the project page]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Research:Usage of talk pages|&lt;strong&gt;Research on the use of talk pages&lt;/strong&gt;]]:  The Editing team worked with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Research|Wikimedia research team]] to study how talk pages help editors improve articles.  We learned that new editors who use talk pages make more edits to the main namespace than new editors who don't use talk pages. 

– [[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt; 20:33, 17 June 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Trizek_(WMF)/sandbox/temp_MassMessage_list&amp;oldid=20184653 --&gt;

== Invitation to participate in the upcoming WPWP Campaign ==

Hello Wikipedians, 

This is to invite you to join the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|WPWP Campaign]] to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign will run from 1st July 2020 to 31st August 2020. 

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards, 

Thank you, 

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 21:32, 18 June 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Hasley@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&amp;oldid=20190228 --&gt;

== Annual contest Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos ==

[[File:WPWP logo 1.png|150px|right|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP)]]
This is to invite you to join the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and win prizes. The campaign starts today 1st July 2020 and closes 31st August 2020.

The campaign primarily aims at using images from Wikimedia Commons on Wikipedia articles that are lacking images. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

Please visit the '''[[m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos|campaign page]]''' to learn more about the WPWP Campaign.

With kind regards,

Thank you,

Deborah Schwartz Jacobs, Communities Liaison, On behalf of the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Organizing Team - 08:24, 1 July 2020 (UTC)

''feel free to translate this message to your local language when this helps your community''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Romaine@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Romaine/MassMessage&amp;oldid=20232618 --&gt;

== Feedback on movement names ==

{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{int:please-translate}} if necessary. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}

There are a lot of conversations happening about the future of our movement names. We hope that you are part of these discussions and that your community is represented.

Since 16 June, the Foundation Brand Team has been running a [https://wikimedia.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_9G2dN7P0T7gPqpD survey] in 7 languages about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project/Naming convention proposals|3 naming options]]. There are also community members sharing concerns about renaming in a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community open letter on renaming|Community Open Letter]]. 

Our goal in this call for feedback is to hear from across the community, so we encourage you to participate in the survey, the open letter, or both. The survey will go through 7 July in all timezones. Input from the survey and discussions will be analyzed and published on Meta-Wiki.

Thanks for thinking about the future of the movement, --[[:m:Talk:Communications/Wikimedia brands/2030 movement brand project|The Brand Project team]], 19:42, 2 July 2020 (UTC)

''Note: The survey is conducted via a third-party service, which may subject it to additional terms. For more information on privacy and data-handling, see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Naming Convention Proposals Movement Feedback Survey Privacy Statement|survey privacy statement]].''
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&amp;oldid=20238830 --&gt;

== Editing news 2020 #3 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;rw&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;em&gt;[[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2020/July|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:50M@2x.png|thumb|alt=A gold star with a blue ribbon, and the text 50m|More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.|400px]]

Seven years ago this month, the [[mw:Editing team|Editing team]] offered the visual editor to most Wikipedia editors.  Since then, editors have achieved many milestones:

* More than &lt;strong&gt;50 million edits&lt;/strong&gt; have been made using the visual editor on desktop.
* More than &lt;strong&gt;2 million new articles&lt;/strong&gt; have been created in the visual editor. More than 600,000 of these new articles were created during 2019.
* The visual editor is &lt;strong&gt;increasingly popular&lt;/strong&gt;.  The proportion of all edits made using the visual editor has increased every year since its introduction.
* In 2019, &lt;strong&gt;35% of the edits by newcomers&lt;/strong&gt; (logged-in editors with ≤99 edits) used the visual editor. This percentage has &lt;strong&gt;increased every year&lt;/strong&gt;.
* Almost &lt;strong&gt;5 million edits on the mobile site&lt;/strong&gt; have been made with the visual editor.  Most of these edits have been made since the Editing team started improving the [[mw:Mobile visual editor|mobile visual editor]] in 2018.
* On 17 November 2019, the [https://discuss-space.wmflabs.org/t/first-edit-made-to-wikipedia-from-outer-space/2254 &lt;strong&gt;first edit from outer space&lt;/strong&gt;] was made in the mobile visual editor. 🚀 👩‍🚀
* Editors have made more than &lt;strong&gt;7 million edits in the 2017 wikitext editor&lt;/strong&gt;, including starting &lt;strong&gt;600,000 new articles&lt;/strong&gt; in it.  The [[mw:2017 wikitext editor|2017 wikitext editor]] is VisualEditor's built-in wikitext mode.  You can [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|enable it in your preferences]].

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Vuga]])

&lt;/div&gt; 12:55, 9 July 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=20232673 --&gt;

== Announcing a new wiki project! Welcome, Abstract Wikipedia ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

Hi all,

It is my honor to introduce Abstract Wikipedia, a new project that has been unanimously approved by the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. Abstract Wikipedia proposes a new way to generate baseline encyclopedic content in a multilingual fashion, allowing more contributors and more readers to share more knowledge in more languages. It is an approach that aims to make cross-lingual cooperation easier on our projects, increase the sustainability of our movement through expanding access to participation, improve the user experience for readers of all languages, and innovate in free knowledge by connecting some of the strengths of our movement to create something new.

This is our first new project in over seven years. Abstract Wikipedia was submitted as a project proposal by Denny Vrandečić in May 2020 &lt;ref&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]&lt;/ref&gt; after years of preparation and research, leading to a detailed plan and lively discussions in the Wikimedia communities. We know that the energy and the creativity of the community often runs up against language barriers, and information that is available in one language may not make it to other language Wikipedias. Abstract Wikipedia intends to look and feel like a Wikipedia, but build on the powerful, language-independent conceptual models of Wikidata, with the goal of letting volunteers create and maintain Wikipedia articles across our polyglot Wikimedia world.

The project will allow volunteers to assemble the fundamentals of an article using words and entities from Wikidata. Because Wikidata uses conceptual models that are meant to be universal across languages, it should be possible to use and extend these building blocks of knowledge to create models for articles that also have universal value. Using code, volunteers will be able to translate these abstract “articles” into their own languages. If successful, this could eventually allow everyone to read about any topic in Wikidata in their own language.

As you can imagine, this work will require a lot of software development, and a lot of cooperation among Wikimedians. In order to make this effort possible, Denny will join the Foundation as a staff member in July and lead this initiative. You may know Denny as the creator of Wikidata, a long-time community member, a former staff member at Wikimedia Deutschland, and a former Trustee at the Wikimedia Foundation &lt;ref&gt;[[m:User:Denny|User:Denny]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We are very excited that Denny will bring his skills and expertise to work on this project alongside the Foundation’s product, technology, and community liaison teams.

It is important to acknowledge that this is an experimental project, and that every Wikipedia community has different needs. This project may offer some communities great advantages. Other communities may engage less. Every language Wikipedia community will be free to choose and moderate whether or how they would use content from this project.

We are excited that this new wiki-project has the possibility to advance knowledge equity through increased access to knowledge. It also invites us to consider and engage with critical questions about how and by whom knowledge is constructed. We look forward to working in cooperation with the communities to think through these important questions.

There is much to do as we begin designing a plan for Abstract Wikipedia in close collaboration with our communities. I encourage you to get involved by going to the project page and joining the new mailing list &lt;ref&gt;[[mail:abstract-wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia mailing list]]&lt;/ref&gt;. We recognize that Abstract Wikipedia is ambitious, but we also recognize its potential. We invite you all to join us on a new, unexplored path.

Yours,

Katherine Maher (Executive Director, Wikimedia Foundation) 

&lt;references/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt; &lt;small&gt;Sent by [[:m:User:Elitre (WMF)]] 20:10, 9 July 2020 (UTC) - '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/July 2020 announcement]]''' &lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/All_wikis_June_2020&amp;oldid=20265921 --&gt;

== The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC): we want to hear from you. ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following message may be available on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Message to small and medium sized wikis|Meta]]. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''&lt;br&gt;

At times, our contributor communities and projects have suffered from a lack of guidelines that can help us create an environment where free knowledge can be shared safely without fear. 
There has been talk about the need for a global set of conduct rules in different communities over time. 

Recently, the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees announced a [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/May_2020_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Healthy_Community_Culture,_Inclusivity,_and_Safe_Spaces|Community Culture Statement]], asking for new standards to address harassment and promote inclusivity across projects.

The universal code of conduct will be a binding minimum set of standards across all Wikimedia projects, and will apply to all of us, staff and volunteers alike, all around the globe. It is of great importance that we all participate in expressing our opinions and thoughts about UCoC and its values. We should think about what we want it to cover or include and what it shouldn’t include, and how it may create difficulties or help our groups. 

This is the time to talk about it. Before starting drafting the code of conduct, we would like to hear from you and to solicit the opinions and feedback of your colleagues. 
In order for your voice to be heard, we encourage and invite you to read more about [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct|the universal code of conduct (UCoC)]] and then write down your opinions or feedback [[:m:Talk:Universal_Code_of_Conduct|on the discussion page]].  

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcome to translate [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Universal+Code+of+Conduct&amp;language=en&amp;action=page&amp;filter= the universal code of conduct main page] from English into your respective local language. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages. 

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]] 16:42, 22 July 2020 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Message_to_small_and_medium_sized_wikis/List&amp;oldid=20303398 --&gt;

== Technical Wishes: FileExporter and FileImporter become default features on all Wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
The [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileExporter and FileImporter]] will become a default features on all wikis until August 7, 2020. They are planned to help you to move files from your local wiki to Wikimedia Commons easier while keeping all original file information (Description, Source, Date, Author, View History) intact. Additionally, the move is documented in the files view history. 
How does it work? 

Step 1: If you are an auto-confirmed user, you will see a link &quot;Move file to Wikimedia Commons&quot; on the local file page. 

Step 2: When you click on this link, the FileImporter checks if the file can in fact be moved to Wikimedia Commons. These checks are performed based on the wiki's [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons/Configuration_file_documentation|configuration file]] which is created and maintained by each local wiki community. 

Step 3: If the file is compatible with Wikimedia Commons, you will be taken to an import page, at which you can update or add information regarding the file, such as the description. You can also add the 'Now Commons' template to the file on the local wiki by clicking the corresponding check box in the import form. Admins can delete the file from the local wiki by enabling the corresponding checkbox. By clicking on the 'Import' button at the end of the page, the file is imported to Wikimedia Commons. 

If you want to know more about the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Move_files_to_Commons|FileImporter extension]] or the [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes|Technical Wishes Project]], follow the links. --For the Technical Wishes Team: &lt;/div&gt;[[User:Max Klemm (WMDE)|Max Klemm (WMDE)]] 09:14, 6 August 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Max Klemm (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=20343133 --&gt;

== Important: maintenance operation on September 1st ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|{{int:please-translate}}]]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] will be testing its secondary data centre.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic to the secondary data centre on '''Tuesday, September 1st 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, September 1st. The test will start at [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20200901T14 14:00 UTC] (15:00 BST, 16:00 CEST, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday September 2).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of September 1st, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch Datacenter#Schedule for 2018 switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this.  '''Please share this information with your community.''' 
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt; 13:49, 26 August 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=20384955 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Collections Now Available (September 2020) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;


Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up for new accounts and research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/101/ Al Manhal]''' – Arabic journals and ebooks
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/102/ Ancestry.com]''' – Genealogical and historical records
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/100/ RILM]''' – Music encyclopedias

Many other partnerships are listed on [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ our partners page], including [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/49/ Adam Matthew], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO], [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/55/ Gale] and [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/54/ JSTOR].

A significant portion of our collection now no longer requires individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ recent blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!
&lt;br&gt;--[[w:en:Wikipedia:TWL/Coordinators|The Wikipedia Library Team]] 09:49, 3 September 2020 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=20418180 --&gt;

== Invitation to participate in the conversation ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies for cross-posting, and that you may not be reading this message in your native language: translations of the following announcement may be available on '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review/Invitation (long version)|Meta]]'''. {{int:please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

We are excited to share '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|a draft of the Universal Code of Conduct]]''', which the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees called for earlier this year, for your review and feedback. The discussion will be open until October 6, 2020.

The UCoC Drafting Committee wants to learn which parts of the draft would present challenges for you or your work. What is missing from this draft? What do you like, and what could be improved?

Please join the conversation and share this invitation with others who may be interested to join, too. 

To reduce language barriers during the process, you are welcomed to translate this message and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review|Universal Code of Conduct/Draft review]]. You and your community may choose to provide your opinions/feedback using your local languages.

To learn more about the UCoC project, see the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] page, and the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|FAQ]], on Meta.

Thanks in advance for your attention and contributions, [[:m:Talk:Trust_and_Safety|The Trust and Safety team at Wikimedia Foundation]], 17:55, 10 September 2020 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Draft_review/Invitation_(long_version)/List&amp;oldid=20440292 --&gt;

== Wiki of functions naming contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Please-translate}}

{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Wikimedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki where the community can work together on a library of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract_Wikipedia/Wiki_of_functions_naming_contest#function|functions]]. The community can create new functions, read about them, discuss them, and share them. Some of these functions will be used to help create language-independent Wikipedia articles that can be displayed in any language, as part of the Abstract Wikipedia project. But functions will also be usable in many other situations.

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with voting beginning on 29 September and 27 October. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on 8 December. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 21:22, 29 September 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/Global_message_delivery_split_5&amp;oldid=20492309 --&gt;

== Call for feedback about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}.

Today the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees starts two calls for feedback. One is about changes to the Bylaws mainly to increase the Board size from 10 to 16 members. The other one is about a trustee candidate rubric to introduce new, more effective ways to evaluate new Board candidates. The Board welcomes your comments through 26 October. For more details, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/October 2020 - Call for feedback about Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric|check the full announcement]].

{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[m:User:Qgil-WMF|Qgil-WMF]] ([[m:User talk:Qgil-WMF|talk]]) 17:17, 7 October 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Board&amp;oldid=20519859 --&gt;

== feedback for the call about Wikimedia Foundation Bylaws changes and Board candidate rubric ==
hello User:Elitre (WMF),well noted the comments will be shared asap

== Important: maintenance operation on October 27 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, October 27. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1603807200 14:00 UTC] (14:00 WET, 15:00 CET, 10:00 EDT, 19:30 IST, 07:00 PDT, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 03:00 NZDT on Wednesday October 28).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of October 26, 2020.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2020_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; -- &lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]])&lt;/span&gt;  17:11, 21 October 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=20519839 --&gt;

== Wiki of functions naming contest - Round 2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}.
Reminder: Please help to choose the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project - the library of functions. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikicode, Wikicodex, Wikifunctions, Wikifusion, Wikilambda, Wikimedia Functions&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wiki of functions naming contest/Names|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]
&lt;/div&gt; 22:10, 5 November 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=20564572 --&gt;

==choosing the name for the new Wikimedia wiki project==
hello [[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]], if individual  choices are welcome i choose Wikifunctions    [[User:Ndahiro derrick|Ndahiro derrick]] ([[User talk:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 16:27, 11 November 2020 (UTC)

== [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Invitation|Community Wishlist Survey 2021]] ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
The '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]''' is now open!
This survey is the process where communities decide what the [[m:Community Tech|Community Tech]] team should work on over the next year. We encourage everyone to submit proposals until the deadline on '''{{#time:j xg|2020-11-30|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}''', or comment on other proposals to help make them better.
The communities will vote on the proposals between {{#time:j xg|2020-12-08|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}} and {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|{{PAGELANGUAGE}}}}.

The Community Tech team is focused on tools for experienced Wikimedia editors.
You can write proposals in any language, and we will translate them for you. Thank you, and we look forward to seeing your proposals!
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/span&gt;

18:09, 20 November 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&amp;oldid=20689939 --&gt;

== Wikidata descriptions changes to be included more often in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
''Sorry for sending this message in English. Translations are available on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Announcements/Announcement Wikidata descriptions in watchlist|this page]]. Feel free to translate it in more languages!''

As you may know, you can include changes coming from Wikidata in your Watchlist and Recent Changes ([[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-watchlist|in your preferences]]). Until now, this feature didn’t always include changes made on Wikidata descriptions due to the way Wikidata tracks the data used in a given article.

Starting on December 3rd, the Watchlist and Recent Changes will include changes on the descriptions of Wikidata Items that are used in the pages that you watch. This will only include descriptions in the language of your wiki to make sure that you’re only seeing changes that are relevant to your wiki.

This improvement was requested by many users from different projects. We hope that it can help you monitor the changes on Wikidata descriptions that affect your wiki and participate in the effort of improving the data quality on Wikidata for all Wikimedia wikis and beyond.

Note: if you didn’t use the Wikidata watchlist integration feature for a long time, feel free to give it another chance! The feature has been improved since the beginning and the content it displays is more precise and useful than at the beginning of the feature in 2015.

If you encounter any issue or want to provide feedback, feel free to use [[Phab:T191831|this Phabricator ticket]]. Thanks!

[[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 14:39, 30 November 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Lea_Lacroix_(WMDE)/wikis&amp;oldid=20728482 --&gt;

== 2020 Coolest Tool Award Ceremony on December 11th ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello all,

The ceremony of the 2020 [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|Wikimedia Coolest Tool Award]] will take place virtually on Friday, December 11th, at 17:00 GMT. This award is highlighting tools that have been nominated by contributors to the Wikimedia projects, and the ceremony will be a nice moment to show appreciation to the tools developers and maybe discover new tools!

You will find more information [[m:Coolest_Tool_Award|here]] about the livestream and the discussions channels. Thanks for your attention, [[:d:User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)|Lea Lacroix (WMDE)]] 10:55, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Lea Lacroix (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=20734978 --&gt;

== Community Wishlist Survey 2021 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|thumb|48px]]
'''We invite all registered users to vote on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|2021 Community Wishlist Survey]]. You can vote from now until {{#time:j xg|2020-12-21|en}} for as many different wishes as you want.'''

In the Survey, wishes for new and improved tools for experienced editors are collected. After the voting, we will do our best to grant your wishes. We will start with the most popular ones.

We, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]], are one of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation|Wikimedia Foundation]] teams. We create and improve editing and wiki moderation tools. What we work on is decided based on results of the Community Wishlist Survey. Once a year, you can submit wishes. After two weeks, you can vote on the ones that you're most interested in. Next, we choose wishes from the survey to work on. Some of the wishes may be granted by volunteer developers or other teams.

'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Tracking|You can view and vote all proposals here.]]'''

We are waiting for your votes. Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]

00:52, 15 December 2020 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/1&amp;oldid=20689939 --&gt;

== Moving Wikimania 2021 to a Virtual Event ==

&lt;div class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania_logo_with_text_2.svg|right|alt=Wikimania's logo.|75px]]

''{{int:Hello}}. Apologies if you are not reading this message in your native language. {{Int:Please-translate}}. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}''

[[:m:Wikimania 2021|Wikimania will be a virtual event this year]], and hosted by a wide group of community members. Whenever the next in-person large gathering is possible again, [[:m:ESEAP Hub|the ESEAP Core Organizing Team]] will be in charge of it. Stay tuned for more information about how ''you'' can get involved in the planning
process and other aspects of the event. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikimedia-l/2021-January/096141.html Please read the longer version of this announcement on wikimedia-l]. 

''ESEAP Core Organizing Team, Wikimania Steering Committee, Wikimedia Foundation Events Team'', 15:16, 27 January 2021 (UTC) 
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Elitre_(WMF)/Wikimania21&amp;oldid=21014617 --&gt;

== Project Grant Open Call ==

This is the announcement for the [[m:Grants:Project|Project Grants program]] open call that started on January 11, with the submission deadline of February 10, 2021.&lt;br&gt; This first open call will be focussed on Community Organizing proposals. A second open call focused on research and software proposals is scheduled from February 15 with a submission deadline of March 16, 2021.&lt;br&gt;

For the Round 1 open call, we invite you to propose grant applications that fall under community development and organizing (offline and online) categories. Project Grant funds are available to support individuals, groups, and organizations to implement new experiments and proven ideas, from organizing a better process on your wiki, coordinating a campaign or editathon series to providing other support for community building.  We offer the following resources to help you plan your project and complete a grant proposal:&lt;br&gt;

* Weekly proposals clinics via Zoom during the Open Call. Join us for [[m:Grants:Project|#Upcoming_Proposal_Clinics|real-time discussions]] with Program Officers and select thematic experts and get live feedback about your Project Grants proposal. We’ll answer questions and help you make your proposal better. We also offer these support pages to help you build your proposal:
* [[m:Grants:Project/Tutorial|Video tutorials]] for writing a strong application&lt;br&gt;
* General [[m:Grants:Project/Plan|planning page]] for Project Grants &lt;br&gt;
* [[m:Grants:Project/Learn|Program guidelines and criteria]]&lt;br&gt;

Program officers are also available to offer individualized proposal support upon request. Contact us if you would like feedback or more information.&lt;br&gt;

We are excited to see your grant ideas that will support our community and make an impact on the future of Wikimedia projects. Put your idea into motion, and [[m:Grants:Project/Apply|submit your proposal]] by February 10, 2021!&lt;br&gt;

Please feel free to get in touch with questions about getting started with your grant application, or about serving on the Project Grants Committee. Contact us at projectgrants{{at}}wikimedia.org. Please help us translate this message to your local language. [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 08:01, 28 January 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RSharma (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=20808431 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now (February 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] is announcing new free, full-access, accounts to reliable sources as part of our [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ research access program]. You can sign up to access research materials on the [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ Library Card platform]: 
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/103/ Taxmann]''' – Taxation and law database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/104/ PNAS]''' – Official journal of the National Academy of Sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/57/ EBSCO]''' – New Arabic and Spanish language databases added

We have a wide array of [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/ other collections available], and a significant number now no longer require individual applications to access! Read more in our [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2020/06/24/simplifying-your-research-needs-the-wikipedia-library-launches-new-technical-improvements-and-partnerships/ blog post].

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects!

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
--12:57, 1 February 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=21022367 --&gt;

== Feminism &amp; Folklore 1 February - 31 March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! 

You are invited to participate in '''[[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|Feminism and Folklore]] writing contest'''. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia. folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, etc.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles centered on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch-hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2021/List of Articles|suggested articles here]]. 

You can also support us in translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2021|project page]]. Thank you. 

Feminism and Folklore team,

[[m:User:Joy Agyepong|Joy Agyepong]] ([[m:User talk:Joy Agyepong|talk]]) 02:40, 16 February 2021 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=20421065 --&gt;

== Wikifunctions logo contest ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:Hello}}. Please help to choose a design concept for the logo of the new Wikifunctions wiki. Voting starts today and will be open for 2 weeks. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Wikifunctions logo concept/Vote|please learn more and vote now]]''' at Meta-Wiki. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} --[[m:User:Quiddity (WMF)|Quiddity (WMF)]]&lt;/div&gt; 01:47, 2 March 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=21087740 --&gt;

== Universal Code of Conduct – 2021 consultations ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 ===

{{int:please-translate}}

The [[:wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC)''']] provides a universal baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire Wikimedia movement and all its projects. The project is currently in Phase 2, outlining clear enforcement pathways. You can read more about the whole project on its [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|'''project page''']].

==== Drafting Committee: Call for applications ====

The Wikimedia Foundation is recruiting volunteers to join a committee to draft how to make the code enforceable. Volunteers on the committee will commit between 2 and 6 hours per week from late April through July and again in October and November. It is important that the committee be diverse and inclusive, and have a range of experiences, including both experienced users and newcomers, and those who have received or responded to, as well as those who have been falsely accused of harassment.

To apply and learn more about the process, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee]].

==== 2021 community consultations: Notice and call for volunteers / translators ====

From 5 April – 5 May 2021 there will be conversations on many Wikimedia projects about how to enforce the UCoC. We are looking for volunteers to translate key material, as well as to help host consultations on their own languages or projects using suggested [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations/Discussion|key questions]]. If you are interested in volunteering for either of these roles, please [[:m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|contact us]] in whatever language you are most comfortable.

To learn more about this work and other conversations taking place, see [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations|Universal Code of Conduct/2021 consultations]].

-- [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Xeno (WMF)|talk]]) 22:06, 5 April 2021 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)/Without_Russian,_Polish_and_translated/5&amp;oldid=21302202 --&gt;

== Line numbering coming soon to all wikis ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

[[File:Technical_Wishes_–_Line_numbering_-_2010_wikitext_editor.png|thumb|Example]]
From April 15, you can enable line numbering in some wikitext editors - for now in the template namespace, coming to more namespaces soon. This will make it easier to detect line breaks and to refer to a particular line in discussions. These numbers will be shown if you enable the syntax highlighting feature ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror extension]]), which is supported in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor|2010]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017]] wikitext editors. 

More information can be found on [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|this project page]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Line Numbering|on this talk page]].
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 15:09, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=21329014 --&gt;

== Suggested Values ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  

From April 29, it will be possible to suggest values for parameters in templates. Suggested values can be added to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:TemplateData|TemplateData]] and will then be shown as a drop-down list in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide|VisualEditor]]. This allows template users to quickly select an appropriate value. This way, it prevents potential errors and reduces the effort needed to fill the template with values. It will still be possible to fill in values other than the suggested ones.

More information, including the supported parameter types and how to create suggested values: [[mw:Help:TemplateData#suggestedvalues|[1]]] [[m:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Suggested_values_for_template_parameters|[2]]]. Everyone is invited to test the feature, and to give feedback [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Suggested values for template parameters|on this talk page]].

&lt;/div&gt; [[m:User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)|Timur Vorkul (WMDE)]] 14:08, 22 April 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Timur Vorkul (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=21361904 --&gt;

== Invitation for Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021 ==

Hello there,

We are inviting you to participate in '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021|Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021]]''', a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2021.

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation at the Wikimedia user group or chapter level (geographically or thematically) or for a language WP. We’d be glad for you to reply to this message, or sign up directly at [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Participating Communities#Wikimedia affiliate communities|WPWP Participating Communities]].

Please feel free to contact [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2021/Organizing Team|Organizing Team]] if you have any query.

Kind regards,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Tulsi Bhagat|Tulsi Bhagat]]&lt;br/&gt;
Communication Manager&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Message delivered by [[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 06:24, 2 May 2021 (UTC)&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tulsi Bhagat@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&amp;oldid=21414265 --&gt;

== Universal Code of Conduct News – Issue 1 ==

&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Universal Code of Conduct News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 1, June 2021'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1|Read the full newsletter]]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the first issue of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct News]]! This newsletter will help Wikimedians stay involved with the development of the new code, and will distribute relevant news, research, and upcoming events related to the UCoC.

Please note, this is the first issue of UCoC Newsletter which is delivered to all subscribers and projects as an announcement of the initiative. If you want the future issues delivered to your talk page, village pumps, or any specific pages you find appropriate, you need to [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/UCoC Newsletter Subscription|subscribe here]].

You can help us by translating the newsletter issues in your languages to spread the news and create awareness of the new conduct to keep our beloved community safe for all of us. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/Participate|add your name here]] if you want to be informed of the draft issue to translate beforehand. Your participation is valued and appreciated.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;
* '''Affiliate consultations''' – Wikimedia affiliates of all sizes and types were invited to participate in the UCoC affiliate consultation throughout March and April 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec1|continue reading]])
* '''2021 key consultations''' – The Wikimedia Foundation held enforcement key questions consultations in April and May 2021 to request input about UCoC enforcement from the broader Wikimedia community. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec2|continue reading]])
* '''Roundtable discussions''' – The UCoC facilitation team hosted two 90-minute-long public roundtable discussions in May 2021 to discuss UCoC key enforcement questions. More conversations are scheduled. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec3|continue reading]])
* '''Phase 2 drafting committee''' – The drafting committee for the phase 2 of the UCoC started their work on 12 May 2021. Read more about their work. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec4|continue reading]])
* '''Diff blogs''' – The UCoC facilitators wrote several blog posts based on interesting findings and insights from each community during local project consultation that took place in the 1st quarter of 2021. ([[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Newsletter/1#sec5|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:06, 11 June 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SOyeyele (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SOyeyele_(WMF)/Announcements/Other_languages&amp;oldid=21578291 --&gt;

== Wikimania 2021: Individual Program Submissions ==

[[File:Wikimania logo with text 2.svg|right|200px]]
Dear all,

Wikimania 2021 will be [[:wikimania:2021:Save the date and the Core Organizing Team|hosted virtually]] for the first time in the event's 15-year history. Since there is no in-person host, the event is being organized by a diverse group of Wikimedia volunteers that form the [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers|Core Organizing Team]] (COT) for Wikimania 2021.

'''Event Program''' - Individuals or a group of individuals can submit their session proposals to be a part of the program. There will be translation support for sessions provided in a number of languages. See more information [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines#Language Accessibility|here]].

Below are some links to guide you through;
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions|Program Submissions]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:Submissions/Guidelines|Session Submission Guidelines]]
* [[:wikimania:2021:FAQ|FAQ]]

Please note that the deadline for submission is 18th June 2021. 

'''Announcements'''- To keep up to date with the developments around Wikimania, the COT sends out weekly updates. You can view them in the Announcement section [[:wikimania:2021:Announcements|here]]. 

'''Office Hour''' - If you are left with questions, the COT will be hosting some office hours (in multiple languages), in multiple time-zones, to answer any programming questions that you might have.  Details can be found [[:wikimania:2021:Organizers#Office hours schedule|here.]]

Best regards,

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:18, 16 June 2021 (UTC)

On behalf of Wikimania 2021 Core Organizing Team
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Bodhisattwa@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=21597568 --&gt;

== Editing news 2021 #2 ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;rw&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2021/June|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Urutonde rwo kwiyandikisha kuriyi nkuru yindimi nyinshi]]&lt;/em&gt;

[[File:Reply Tool A-B test comment completion.png|alt=igipimo cya Abaterankunga bato barangiza gutanga igitekerezo  kuri Wikipedi zose|thumb|296x296px|Iyo abashya bafite igikoresho cyo Gusubiza bakagerageza kohereza kurupapuro rwibiganiro, barushijeho kohereza igitekerezo neza. ([https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ Source])]]

Mu ntangiriro zuyu mwaka, itsinda ryandika ryakoze ubushakashatsi bunini bwa [[mw:Talk pages project/Replying| Igikoresho cyo gusubiza]]. Intego nyamukuru kwari ukumenya niba Igikoresho cyo Gusubiza cyafashije [[mw:Talk pages project/Glossary | abanditsi bashya]] kuvugana kuri wiki. Intego ya kabiri kwari ukureba niba ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze bakoresheje igikoresho gikeneye guhindurwa kenshi kuruta ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe na page ya wikitext isanzwe.

Ibyavuyemo by'ingenzi ni :

* Abanditsi bashya bafite mu buryo bwikora (&quot;default on&quot;) gikoresho cyo Gusubiza bari [$raporo 
bafite amahirwe menshi yo] kohereza igitekerezo kurupapuro rwibiganiro.
* Ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe nigikoresho cyo gusubiza nabyo byari [https://wikimedia-research.github.io/Reply-tools-analysis-2021/ amahirwe make yo] gusubizwa inyuma kuruta ibitekerezo abanditsi bashya batanze hamwe mu guhindura urupapuro rwibiganiro.

Ibi byagezweho biha ikizere itsinda ryoguhindura  ko igikoresho gifasha.

&lt;strong&gt;Kureba imbere&lt;/strong&gt;

Itsinda rirateganya gukora igikoresho cyo Gusubiza kuri buri wese nka hitamo-kuvamo(opt-out) mu mezi ari imbere. Ibi bimaze kuba kuri Wikipedias yicyarabu, Ceki, na Hongiriya.

Intambwe ikurikira ni  [[phab:T280599 | gukemura ikibazo cya tekiniki]]. Hanyuma, bazakoresha igikoresho cyo Gusubiza mbere ku [[phab:T267379 | ma Wikipediya yagize uruhare mubushakashatsi]]. Nyuma yibyo, bazabishyira, mubyiciro, kurindi Wikipediya hamwe na Wiki yose yakiriwe na WMF.

Urashobora gufungura &quot;{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}&quot; [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures | muri Beta Ibiranga]] ubungubu. Nyuma yo kubona igikoresho cyo gusubiza, urashobora guhindura ibyo ukunda igihe icyo aricyo cyose muri [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Vuga]])
&lt;/div&gt; 14:14, 24 June 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Elitre (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=21624491 --&gt;

== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch 2020|Read this message in another language]]  •  [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch+2020&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers.  This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. &lt;!--

 They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, October 27 2020'''. --&gt;

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.  We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 29 June 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1624975200 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST,  23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday 30 June).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.  We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.  If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.  Then you should be able to save your edit.  But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
*There will be code freezes for the week of June 28.  Non-essential code deployments will not happen.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter#Schedule_for_2021_switch|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule.  There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] 01:19, 27 June 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=21463754 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library collections and design update (August 2021) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL OWL says log in today!]]
[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/users/my_library/ The Wikipedia Library] is pleased to announce the addition of new collections, alongside a new interface design. New collections include:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/107/ Cabells]''' – Scholarly and predatory journal database
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/108/ Taaghche]''' -  Persian language e-books
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/112/ Merkur]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/111/ Musik &amp; Ästhetik]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/110/ Psychologie, Psychotherapie, Psychoanalyse]''' - German language magazines and journals published by Klett-Cotta
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/117/ Art Archiv]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/113/ Capital]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/115/ Geo]''', '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/116/ Geo Epoche]''', and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/114/ Stern]''' - German language newspapers and magazines published by Gruner + Jahr

Additionally, '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/105/ De Gruyter]''' and '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/106/ Nomos]''' have been centralised from their previous on-wiki signup location on the German Wikipedia. Many other collections are freely available by simply logging in to [https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/ The Wikipedia Library] with your Wikimedia login!

We are also excited to announce that the first version of a new design for My Library was deployed this week. We will be iterating on this design with more features over the coming weeks. Read more on the [[:m:Library Card platform/Design improvements|project page on Meta]].

Lastly, an Echo notification will begin rolling out soon to notify eligible editors about the library ([[Phab:T132084|T132084]]). If you can translate the notification please do so [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=ext-thewikipedialibrary at TranslateWiki]!

--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:23, 11 August 2021 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=21851699 --&gt;

== Universal Code of Conduct - Enforcement draft guidelines review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee#Phase_2|Universal Code of Conduct Phase 2 drafting committee]] would like comments about the '''[[:m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines]]''' for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC). This review period is planned for 17 August 2021 through 17 October 2021.

These guidelines are not final but you can help move the progress forward. The committee will revise the guidelines based upon community input.

Comments can be shared in any language on the [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|draft review talk page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Discussions|multiple other venues]]. Community members are encouraged to organize conversations in their communities.

There are planned live discussions about the UCoC enforcement draft guidelines: 

:[[wmania:2021:Submissions/Universal_Code_of_Conduct_Roundtable|Wikimania 2021 session]] (recorded 16 August)
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions#Conversation hours|Conversation hours]] - 24 August, 31 August, 7 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 14:00 UTC
:[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2021_consultations/Roundtable_discussions|Roundtable calls]] - 18 September @ 03:00 UTC &amp; 15:00 UTC

Summaries of discussions will be posted every two weeks [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee/Digests|here]].

Please let me know if you have any questions.&lt;section end=&quot;content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 23:19, 17 August 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=21895766 --&gt;

== Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election has come to an end ==

Thank you for participating in the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021|2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]! Voting closed August 31 at 23:59. The official data, including the four most voted candidates, will be announced as soon as the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] completes their review of the ballots. The official announcement of the new trustees appointed will happen later, once the selected candidates have been confirmed by the Board.

6,946 community members from 216 wiki projects have voted. This makes 10.2% global participation, 1.1% higher than in the last Board elections. In 2017, 5167 people from 202 wiki projects cast their vote. A full analysis is planned to be published in a few days when the confirmed results are announced. In the meantime, you can check the [[:meta:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Stats|data produced during the election]].

Diversity was an important goal with these elections. Messages about the Board election were translated into 61 languages. This outreach worked well. There were 70 communities with eligible voters voting in this election for the first time. With your help, next year’s Board of Trustees election will be even better.

10:03, 2 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=21895840 --&gt;

== The 2022 Community Wishlist Survey will happen in January ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello everyone,

We hope all of you are as well and safe as possible during these trying times! We wanted to share some news about a change to the Community Wishlist Survey 2022. We would like to hear your opinions as well.

Summary:

&lt;div style=&quot;font-style:italic;&quot;&gt;
We will be running the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]] 2022 in January 2022. We need more time to work on the 2021 wishes. We also need time to prepare some changes to the Wishlist 2022. In the meantime, you can use a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|dedicated sandbox to leave early ideas for the 2022 wishes]].
&lt;/div&gt;

=== Proposing and wish-fulfillment will happen during the same year ===

In the past, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] team has run the Community Wishlist Survey for the following year in November of the prior year. For example, we ran the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021|Wishlist for 2021]] in November 2020. That worked well a few years ago. At that time, we used to start working on the Wishlist soon after the results of the voting were published.

However, in 2021, there was a delay between the voting and the time when we could start working on the new wishes. Until July 2021, we were working on wishes from the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2020|Wishlist for 2020]].

We hope having the Wishlist 2022 in January 2022 will be more intuitive. This will also give us time to fulfill more wishes from the 2021 Wishlist.

=== Encouraging wider participation from historically excluded communities ===

We are thinking how to make the Wishlist easier to participate in. We want to support more translations, and encourage under-resourced communities to be more active. We would like to have some time to make these changes.

=== A new space to talk to us about priorities and wishes not granted yet ===

We will have gone 365 days without a Wishlist. We encourage you to approach us. We hope to hear from you in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]], but we also hope to see you at our bi-monthly Talk to Us meetings! These will be hosted at two different times friendly to time zones around the globe.

We will begin our first meeting '''September 15th at 23:00 UTC'''. More details about the agenda and format coming soon!

=== Brainstorm and draft proposals before the proposal phase ===

If you have early ideas for wishes, you can use the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|new Community Wishlist Survey sandbox]]. This way, you will not forget about these before January 2022. You will be able to come back and refine your ideas. Remember, edits in the sandbox don't count as wishes!

=== Feedback ===
* What should we do to improve the Wishlist pages?
* How would you like to use our new [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|sandbox?]]
* What, if any, risks do you foresee in our decision to change the date of the Wishlist 2022?
* What will help more people participate in the Wishlist 2022?

Answer on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|talk page]] (in any language you prefer) or at our Talk to Us meetings.
&lt;/div&gt;

[[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 00:23, 7 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=21980442 --&gt;

== 2021 Wikimedia Board of Trustees Election Result ==

Thank you to everyone who participated in the 2021 Board election. The Elections Committee has reviewed the votes of the 2021 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, organized to select four new trustees. A record 6,873 people from across 214 projects cast their valid votes. The following four candidates received the most support:
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Rosie_Stephenson-Goodknight Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight|Rosie Stephenson-Goodknight]]
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Victoria_Doronina Victoria Doronina|Victoria Doronina]]
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Dariusz_Jemielniak Dariusz Jemielniak|Dariusz Jemielniak]]
*[[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Candidates/Lorenzo_Losa Lorenzo Losa|Lorenzo Losa]]
While these candidates have been ranked through the community vote, they are not yet appointed to the Board of Trustees. They still need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. The Board has set a tentative date to appoint new trustees at the end of this month.

Read the full announcement [[:meta:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/2021-09-07/2021_Election_Results|here]].
Best, [[Umukoresha:Zuz (WMF)|Zuz (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Zuz (WMF)|talk]]) 10:54, 8 September 2021 (UTC)

== Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee ending 14 September 2021 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;Movement Strategy announces [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee|the Call for Candidates for the Movement Charter Drafting Committee]]. The Call opens August 2, 2021 and closes September 14, 2021.

The Committee is expected to represent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Diversity_and_Expertise_Matrices|diversity in the Movement]]. Diversity includes gender, language, geography, and experience. This comprises participation in projects, affiliates, and the Wikimedia Foundation.

English fluency is not required to become a member. If needed, translation and interpretation support is provided. Members will receive an allowance to offset participation costs. It is US$100 every two months.

We are looking for people who have some of the following [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Role_Requirements|skills]]:

* Know how to write collaboratively. (demonstrated experience is a plus) 
* Are ready to find compromises. 
* Focus on inclusion and diversity. 
* Have knowledge of community consultations. 
* Have intercultural communication experience. 
* Have governance or organization experience in non-profits or communities. 
* Have experience negotiating with different parties. 

The Committee is expected to start with 15 people. If there are 20 or more candidates, a mixed election and selection process will happen. If there are 19 or fewer candidates, then the process of selection without election takes place.

Will you help move Wikimedia forward in this important role? Submit your candidacy [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee#Candidate_Statements|here]]. Please contact strategy2030[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with questions.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:02, 10 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=22002240 --&gt;

== Server switch ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

The [[foundation:|Wikimedia Foundation]] tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems. 

They will switch all traffic back to the primary data center on '''Tuesday, 14 September 2021'''.

Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future. 

'''You will be able to read, but not edit, all wikis for a short period of time.'''

*You will not be able to edit for up to an hour on Tuesday, 14 September 2021. The test will start at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1631628049 14:00 UTC] (07:00 PDT, 10:00 EDT, 15:00 WEST/BST, 16:00 CEST, 19:30 IST, 23:00 JST, and in New Zealand at 02:00 NZST on Wednesday, 15 September).
*If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message. We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it. If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal. Then you should be able to save your edit. But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.

''Other effects'':

*Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped. Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal. If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual. Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.
* We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week. However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.

This project may be postponed if necessary.  You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]]. Any changes will be announced in the schedule. There will be more notifications about this. A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens. '''Please share this information with your community.'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; [[user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[user talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 00:45, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=21980442 --&gt;

== Talk to the Community Tech ==

[[File:Magic Wand Icon 229981 Color Flipped.svg|{{dir|{{pagelang}}|left|right}}|frameless|50px]]

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates/2021-09 Talk to Us|Read this message in another language]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Community_Wishlist_Survey/Updates/2021-09_Talk_to_Us&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Hello!

As we have [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|recently announced]], we, the team working on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey|Community Wishlist Survey]], would like to invite you to an online meeting with us. It will take place on [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/fixedtime.html?iso=20210915T2300 '''September 15th, 23:00 UTC'''] on Zoom, and will last an hour. [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 '''Click here to join'''].

'''Agenda'''

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Status report 1#Prioritization Process|How we prioritize the wishes to be granted]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey/Updates|Why we decided to change the date]] from November 2021 to January 2022
* Update on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Warn when linking to disambiguation pages|disambiguation]] and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist Survey 2021/Real Time Preview for Wikitext|real-time preview]] wishes
* Questions and answers

'''Format'''

The meeting will not be recorded or streamed. Notes without attribution will be taken and published on Meta-Wiki. The presentation (first three points in the agenda) will be given in English.

We can answer questions asked in English, French, Polish, and Spanish. If you would like to ask questions in advance, add them [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist Survey|on the Community Wishlist Survey talk page]] or send to sgrabarczuk@wikimedia.org.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:NRodriguez (WMF)|Natalia Rodriguez]] (the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Tech|Community Tech]] manager) will be hosting this meeting.

'''Invitation link'''

* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/j/89828615390 Join online]
* Meeting ID: 898 2861 5390
* One tap mobile
** +16465588656,,89828615390# US (New York)
** +16699006833,,89828615390# US (San Jose)
* [https://wikimedia.zoom.us/u/kctR45AI8o Dial by your location]

See you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 03:03, 11 September 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=21980442 --&gt;

== Select You the question statements for candidates of Drafting Committee Movement Charter ==

Into 2021-10-04 11:59:59 UTC you can select [[:m:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Election Compass Statements|question statements]] for the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates|candidates]] of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Drafting Committee]] [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter|Movement Charter]]. ✍️ [[Umukoresha:Dušan Kreheľ|Dušan Kreheľ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Dušan Kreheľ|talk]]) 02:40, 30 September 2021 (UTC)

== Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021|{{int:otherlanguages}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/MCDC Voter Email short 12-10-2021}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Voting for the election for the members for the Movement Charter drafting committee is now open. In total, 70 Wikimedians from around the world are running for 7 seats in these elections.

'''Voting is open from October 12 to October 24, 2021.'''

The committee will consist of 15 members in total: The online communities vote for 7 members, 6 members will be selected by the Wikimedia affiliates through a parallel process, and 2 members will be appointed by the Wikimedia Foundation. The plan is to assemble the committee by November 1, 2021.

Learn about each candidate to inform your vote in the language that you prefer: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates&gt;

Learn about the Drafting Committee: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee&gt;

We are piloting a voting advice application for this election. Click yourself through the tool and you will see which candidate is closest to you! Check at &lt;https://mcdc-election-compass.toolforge.org/&gt;

Read the full announcement: &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

'''Go vote at SecurePoll on:''' &lt;https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Elections&gt;

Best,

Movement Strategy &amp; Governance Team, Wikimedia Foundation
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:25, 14 October 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Xeno_(WMF)/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=22185710 --&gt;

== Hura nabagize Komite ishinzwe gutegura amabwiriza mashya ==
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Ibijya namatora ya komite itegura ndetse no guhitamo byo byageze kumusozo.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Elections/Results|Ibyavuye mumatora byaratangajwe]]. abagera kuri 1018 baratoye kugirango haboneke barindwi bajya muri komite: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_Knipel_(Pharos)|Richard Knipel (Pharos)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anne_Clin_(Risker)|Anne Clin (Risker)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Alice_Wiegand_(lyzzy)|Alice Wiegand (Lyzzy)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Micha%C5%82_Buczy%C5%84ski_(Aegis_Maelstrom)|Michał Buczyński (Aegis Maelstrom)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Richard_(Nosebagbear)|Richard (Nosebagbear)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ravan_J_Al-Taie_(Ravan)|Ravan J Al-Taie (Ravan)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Ciell_(Ciell)|Ciell (Ciell)]]'''.
* The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Affiliate-chosen_members|affiliate process]] has selected six members: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Anass_Sedrati_(Anass_Sedrati)|Anass Sedrati (Anass Sedrati)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#%C3%89rica_Azzellini_(EricaAzzellini)|Érica Azzellini (EricaAzzellini)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Jamie_Li-Yun_Lin_(Li-Yun_Lin)|Jamie Li-Yun Lin (Li-Yun Lin)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Georges_Fodouop_(Geugeor)|Georges Fodouop (Geugeor)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Manavpreet_Kaur_(Manavpreet_Kaur)|Manavpreet Kaur (Manavpreet Kaur)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Candidates#Pepe_Flores_(Padaguan)|Pepe Flores (Padaguan)]]'''.
* Umuryango wa Wikimedia ufite [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Wikimedia_Foundation-chosen_members|appointed]] babiri: '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Runa_Bhattacharjee_(Runab_WMF)|Runa Bhattacharjee (Runab WMF)]]''', '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Drafting_Committee/Candidates#Jorge_Vargas_(JVargas_(WMF))|Jorge Vargas (JVargas (WMF))]]'''.

Komite izemezwa vubaha hanyuma itangire gukora akazi kayo, Komite ishobora gushyiraho abantu bagera kuri batatu mu kugirango hatabaho icyuho haba mu guhagararirwa gutandukanye no mu bumenyi butandukanye

Niba ubyifuza mu kuba wagira icyo wungura muri gahunda ya [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Movement Charter]] , wakurikira amakuru agezweho  [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|on Meta]] ushobora no kujya muri group  [https://t.me/joinchat/U-4hhWtndBjhzmSf Telegram group].

Turabashimira , biturutse mu ikipe y ingamba z'umuryango n'imiyoborere.--[[Umukoresha:SOyeyele (WMF)|SOyeyele (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:SOyeyele (WMF)|talk]]) 18:01, 1 November 2021 (UTC)

== Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content /&gt;
:''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees/Call for feedback:2022 Board of Trustees election/Upcoming Call for Feedback about the Board of Trustees elections}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees is preparing a call for feedback about the upcoming Board Elections, from January 7 - February 10, 2022.

While details will be finalized the week before the call, we have confirmed at least two questions that will be asked during this call for feedback:

* What is the best way to ensure fair representation of emerging communities among the Board?

* What involvement should candidates have during the election?

While additional questions may be added, the Movement Strategy and Governance team wants to provide time for community members and affiliates to consider and prepare ideas on the confirmed questions before the call opens. We apologize for not having a complete list of questions at this time. The list of questions should only grow by one or two questions. The intention is to not overwhelm the community with requests, but provide notice and welcome feedback on these important questions.

'''Do you want to help organize local conversation during this Call?'''

Contact the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance team]] on Meta, on [https://t.me/wmboardgovernancechat Telegram], or via email at msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org.

Reach out if you have any questions or concerns. The Movement Strategy and Governance team will be minimally staffed until January 3. Please excuse any delayed response during this time. We also recognize some community members and affiliates are offline during the December holidays. We apologize if our message has reached you while you are on holiday.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:thank-you}} [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 17:56, 27 December 2021 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=22502754 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

Greetings! You are invited to participate in '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]]''' writing competion. This year Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics for the project in league with Wiki Loves Folklore gender gap focus with folk culture theme on Wikipedia.

You can help us in enriching the folklore documentation on Wikipedia from your region by creating or improving articles focused on folklore around the world, including, but not limited to folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer personalities in folklore, folk culture (folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more. You can contribute to new articles or translate from the list of suggested articles [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/List of Articles|here]].

You can also support us in organizing the contest on your local Wikipedia by signing up your community to participate in this project and also translating the [[m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|project page]] and help us spread the word in your native language. 

Learn more about the contest and prizes from our project page. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2022|talk page]] or via Email if you need any assistance... 

Thank you.

'''Feminism and Folklore Team''',

[[User:Tiven2240|Tiven2240]]
--05:49, 11 January 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Tiven2240/wlf&amp;oldid=22574381 --&gt;

== Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 5 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5/Global message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 5, January 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----
Welcome to the fifth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News (formerly known as Universal Code of Conduct News)! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly or bi-weekly to subscribers. Please remember to subscribe [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive these updates.
&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Call for Feedback about the Board elections''' - We invite you to give your feedback on the upcoming WMF Board of Trustees election. This call for feedback went live on 10th January 2022 and will be concluded on 16th February 2022. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Call for Feedback about the Board elections|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification''' - In 2021, the WMF asked communities about how to enforce the Universal Code of Conduct policy text. The revised draft of the enforcement guidelines should be ready for community vote in March. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Universal Code of Conduct Ratification|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Implementation Grants''' - As we continue to review several interesting proposals, we encourage and welcome more proposals and ideas that target a specific initiative from the Movement Strategy recommendations. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Movement Strategy Implementation Grants|continue reading]])
*'''The New Direction for the Newsletter''' - As the UCoC Newsletter transitions into MSG Newsletter, join the facilitation team in envisioning and deciding on the new directions for this newsletter. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#The New Direction for the Newsletter|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs''' - Check out the most recent publications about MSG on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/5#Diff Blogs|continue reading]])&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;ucoc-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:28, 29 January 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=22704115 --&gt;

== Updates on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines Review ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/2022-02-02 Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello everyone,

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees released a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard/January 2022 - Board of Trustees on Community ratification of enforcement guidelines of UCoC|statement on the ratification process]] for the '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]]'''.

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The UCoC and the Enforcement Guidelines were written by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|volunteer-staff drafting committees]] following community consultations.

The revised guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. There is a [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Changes|list of changes made]] to the guidelines after the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement draft guidelines review|enforcement draft guidelines review]]. '''Comments about the guidelines can be shared [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on the Enforcement Guidelines talk page on Meta-wiki]].'''

To help to understand the guidelines and process, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team will be hosting Conversation Hours on 4 February 2022 at 15:00 UTC, 25 February 2022 at 12:00 UTC, and 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Conversations|Join the conversation hours to speak with the UCoC project team and drafting committee members about the updated guidelines and voting process]].'''

The [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Project#Timeline|timeline is available on Meta-wiki]]. The voting period is March 7 to 21. All eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the Enforcement guidelines, and share why. '''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|See the voting information page for more details]].'''

Many participants from across the movement have provided valuable input in these ongoing conversations. The UCoC and MSG teams want to thank the Drafting Committee and the community members for their contributions to this process. 

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br/&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 03:55, 4 February 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=22704115 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Task Force: Your feedback is appreciated&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Task Force/Call for Feedback Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Community Development team at the Wikimedia Foundation is supporting the creation of a global, community-driven Leadership Development Task Force. The purpose of the task force is to advise leadership development work.

The team is looking for feedback about the responsibilities of the Leadership Development Task Force. This Meta page shares the proposal for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force|Leadership Development Task Force]] and how [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Task Force/Participate|you can help.]] Feedback on the proposal will be collected from 7 to 25 February 2022.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:35, 9 February 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=22796821 --&gt;

== Wiki Loves Folklore is extended till 15th March ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
Greetings from Wiki Loves Folklore International Team,

We are pleased to inform you that [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore|Wiki Loves Folklore]] an international photographic contest on Wikimedia Commons has been extended till the '''15th of March 2022'''. The scope of the contest is focused on folk culture of different regions on categories, such as, but not limited to, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, etc.

We would like to have your immense participation in the photographic contest to document your local Folk culture on Wikipedia. You can also help with the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Translations|translation]] of project pages and share a word in your local language.

Best wishes,

'''International Team'''&lt;br /&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Folklore'''

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:50, 22 February 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=22754428 --&gt;

== Coming soon ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
=== Several improvements around templates ===
Hello, from March 9, several improvements around templates will become available on your wiki:
* Fundamental improvements of the [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor template dialog]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|1]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Removing a template from a page using the VisualEditor|2]]),
* Improvements to make it easier to put a template on a page ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Finding and inserting templates|3]]) (for the template dialogs in [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|VisualEditor]], [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:WikiEditor#/media/File:VectorEditorBasic-en.png|2010 Wikitext]] and [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|New Wikitext Mode]]),
* and improvements in the syntax highlighting extension [[Mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] ([[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|4]], [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Bracket Matching|5]]) (which is available on wikis with writing direction left-to-right).

All these changes are part of the “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]” project by [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]]. We hope they will help you in your work, and we would love to hear your feedback on the talk pages of these projects. &lt;/div&gt; - [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 12:38, 28 February 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=22907463 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Remember to Participate in the UCoC Conversations and Ratification Vote!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|'''vote in SecurePoll from 7 to 21 March 2022''']] is scheduled as part of the ratification process for the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement guidelines. Eligible voters are invited to answer a poll question and share comments. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information|Read voter information and eligibility details.]] During the poll, voters will be asked if they support the enforcement of the Universal Code of Conduct based on the proposed guidelines.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/January_2022_-_Board_of_Trustees_on_Community_ratification_of_enforcement_guidelines_of_UCoC|Wikimedia Foundation Board statement]] calls for a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voting|ratification process]] where eligible voters will have an opportunity to support or oppose the adoption of the UCoC Enforcement guidelines in a vote. Wikimedians are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Voter_information/Volunteer|translate and share important information]]. For more information about the UCoC, please see the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|project page]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/FAQ|frequently asked questions]] on Meta-wiki.

There are events scheduled to learn more and discuss:
* A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations/Panel_Q&amp;A|community panel]] recorded on 18 February 2022 shares perspectives from small- and medium-sized community participants.
* The [[m:Movement Strategy and Governance|Movement Strategy and Governance]] (MSG) team is hosting Conversation Hours on 4 March 2022 at 15:00 UTC. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Conversations|'''sign-up''']] to interact with the project team and the drafting committee about the updated enforcement guidelines and the ratification process. See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/2022_conversation_hour_summaries|Conversation Hour summaries]] for notes from 4 February 2022 and 25 February 2022.

You can comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact either team by email: msg[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org or ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance &lt;br /&gt;
Wikimedia Foundation &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:17, 2 March 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=22916674 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting open from 7 to 21 March 2022&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) is now open! '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting|Voting commenced on SecurePoll]]''' on 7 March 2022 and will conclude on 21 March 2022. Please [[m:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|read more on the voter information and eligibility details]].

The Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) provides a baseline of acceptable behavior for the entire movement. The revised enforcement guidelines were published 24 January 2022 as a proposed way to apply the policy across the movement. You can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Project|read more about the UCoC project]].

You can also comment on Meta-wiki talk pages in any language. You may also contact the team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Sincerely,

Movement Strategy and Governance

Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 00:52, 8 March 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=22962850 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Invitation to Hubs event: Global Conversation on 2022-03-12 at 13:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;Hello! 

The Movement Strategy and Governance team of the Wikimedia Foundation would like to invite you to the next event about &quot;Regional and Thematic Hubs&quot;. The Wikimedia Movement is in the process of understanding what Regional and Thematic Hubs should be. Our workshop in November was a good start ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Documentation/27 November Workshop|read the report]]), but we're not finished yet. 

Over the last weeks we conducted about 16 interviews with groups working on establishing a Hub in their context ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Dialogue|see Hubs Dialogue]]). These interviews informed a report that will serve as a foundation for discussion on March 12. The report is planned to be published on March 9.

The event will take place on March 12, 13:00 to 16:00 UTC on Zoom. Interpretation will be provided in French, Spanish, Arabic, Russian, and Portuguese. Registration is open, and will close on March 10. Anyone interested in the topic is invited to join us. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Hubs/Global Conversations March 12, 2022|More information on the event on Meta-wiki]]'''.

Best regards,

[[m:User:KVaidla (WMF)|Kaarel Vaidla]]&lt;br /&gt;Movement Strategy
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:31, 10 March 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=22974079 --&gt;

== Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 ends tomorrow ==

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|frameless|180px]]
International photographic contest [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022| Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]] ends on 15th March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. This is the last chance of the year to upload images about local folk culture, festival, cuisine, costume, folklore etc on Wikimedia Commons. Watch out our social media handles for regular updates and declaration of Winners. 

([https://www.facebook.com/WikiLovesFolklore/ Facebook] , [https://twitter.com/WikiFolklore Twitter ] , [https://www.instagram.com/wikilovesfolklore/ Instagram])

The writing competition Feminism and Folklore will run till 31st of March 2022 23:59:59 UTC. Write about your local folk tradition, women, folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, folklore, and tradition, including ballads, folktales, fairy tales, legends, traditional song and dance, folk plays, games, seasonal events, calendar customs, folk arts, folk religion, mythology etc. on your local Wikipedia. Check if your [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022/Project Page|local Wikipedia is participating]]

A special competition called '''Wiki Loves Falles''' is organised in Spain and the world during 15th March 2022 till 15th April 2022 to document local folk culture and [[:en:Falles|Falles]] in Valencia, Spain. Learn more about it on  [[:ca:Viquiprojecte:Falles 2022|Catalan Wikipedia project page]].

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:40, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=22754428 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Leadership Development Working Group: Apply to join! (14 March to 10 April 2022)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Leadership Development Working Group/Participate/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello everyone,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the feedback period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group|Leadership Development Working Group]] initiative. A [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership Development Working Group/Participate#5. Summary of Call for Feedback|summary of the feedback]] can be found on Meta-wiki. This feedback will be shared with the working group to inform their work. The application period to join the Working Group is now open and will close on April 10, 2022. Please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Purpose_and_Structure#3._How_is_the_working_group_formed_and_structured?|review the information about the working group]], share with community members who might be interested, and '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Leadership_Development_Working_Group/Participate#1._How_to_participate|apply if you are interested]]'''.

Thank you,

From the Community Development team&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 02:20, 18 March 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=22974079 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2022 ends soon ==

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2022 logo.svg|right|frameless|250px]]
[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2022|Feminism and Folklore 2022]] which is an international writing contest organized at Wikipedia ends soon that is on &lt;b&gt;31 March 2022 11:59 UTC&lt;/b&gt;. This is the last chance of the year to write about feminism, women biographies and gender-focused topics such as &lt;i&gt;folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, folk activities, folk games, folk cuisine, folk wear, fairy tales, folk plays, folk arts, folk religion, mythology, folk artists, folk dancers, folk singers, folk musicians, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales and more&lt;/i&gt;

Keep an eye on the project page for declaration of Winners. 

We look forward for your immense co-operation.

Thanks 
Wiki Loves Folklore international Team
[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 14:29, 26 March 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Rockpeterson@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Rockpeterson/fnf&amp;oldid=23060054 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement guidelines ratification voting is now closed&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Vote/Closing message}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Greetings,

The ratification voting process for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|revised enforcement guidelines]] of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] (UCoC) came to a close on 21 March 2022. Over {{#expr:2300}} Wikimedians voted across different regions of our movement. Thank you to everyone who participated in this process! The scrutinizing group is now reviewing the vote for accuracy, so please allow up to two weeks for them to finish their work.

The final results from the voting process will be announced [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voting/Results|here]], along with the relevant statistics and a summary of comments as soon as they are available. Please check out [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Voter information|the voter information page]] to learn about the next steps. You can comment on the project talk page [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|on Meta-wiki]] in any language. You may also contact the UCoC project team by email: ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org

Best regards,

Movement Strategy and Governance&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:53, 30 March 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23079949 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 6&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 6, April 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt;
----

Welcome to the sixth issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! This revamped newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the Movement Charter, Universal Code of Conduct, Movement Strategy Implementation grants, Board of trustees elections and other relevant MSG topics.

This Newsletter will be distributed quarterly, while the more frequent Updates will also be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;

*'''Leadership Development -''' A Working Group is Forming! - The application to join the Leadership Development Working Group closed on April 10th, 2022, and up to 12 community members will be selected to participate in the working group. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A1|continue reading]])
*'''Universal Code of Conduct Ratification Results are out! -''' The global decision process on the enforcement of the UCoC via SecurePoll was held from 7 to 21 March. Over 2,300 eligible voters from at least 128 different home projects submitted their opinions and comments. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A2|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Discussions on Hubs -''' The Global Conversation event on Regional and Thematic Hubs was held on Saturday, March 12, and was attended by 84 diverse Wikimedians from across the movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A3|continue reading]])
*'''Movement Strategy Grants Remain Open! -''' Since the start of the year, six proposals with a total value of about $80,000 USD have been approved. Do you have a movement strategy project idea? Reach out to us! ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A4|continue reading]])
*'''The Movement Charter Drafting Committee is All Set! -''' The Committee of fifteen members which was elected in October 2021, has agreed on the essential values and methods for its work, and has started to create the outline of the Movement Charter draft. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A5|continue reading]])
*'''Introducing Movement Strategy Weekly -''' Contribute and Subscribe! - The MSG team have just launched the updates portal, which is connected to the various Movement Strategy pages on Meta-wiki. Subscriber to get  up-to-date news about the various ongoing projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A6|continue reading]])
*'''Diff Blogs -''' Check out the most recent publications about Movement Strategy on Wikimedia Diff. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/6#A7|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Also, a draft of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/draft|'''2022-23 Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan''']] has been published. Input is being sought on-wiki and during [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations|'''several conversations''' with Wikimedia Foundation CEO Maryana Iskander]].

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2022-2023/Conversations/Announcement|See full announcement on Meta-wiki]]. [[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 01:45, 22 April 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23184989 --&gt;

== New Wikipedia Library Collections Available Now - April 2022 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

Hello Wikimedians! 
[[File:Wikipedia_Library_owl.svg|thumb|upright|The TWL owl says sign up today!]]
[[m:The Wikipedia Library|The Wikipedia Library]] has free access to new paywalled reliable sources. You can these and dozens more collections at https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/:
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/128/ Wiley]''' – journals, books, and research resources, covering life, health, social, and physical sciences
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/125/ OECD]''' – OECD iLibrary, Data, and Multimedia​​ published by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
* '''[https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/129/ SPIE Digital Library]''' – journals and eBooks on optics and photonics applied research

Many other sources are freely available for experienced editors, including collections which recently became accessible to all eligible editors: Cambridge University Press, BMJ, AAAS, Érudit and more.

Do better research and help expand the use of high quality references across Wikipedia projects: log in today!
&lt;br&gt;--The Wikipedia Library Team 13:17, 26 April 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;small&gt;This message was delivered via the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/MassMessage#Global_message_delivery Global Mass Message] tool to [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library The Wikipedia Library Global Delivery List].&lt;/small&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Samwalton9@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Wikipedia_Library&amp;oldid=23036656 --&gt;

== Coming soon: Improvements for templates ==

&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks mw-content-ltr&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--T:11--&gt;
[[File:Overview of changes in the VisualEditor template dialog by WMDE Technical Wishes.webm|thumb|Fundamental changes in the template dialog.]]
Hello, more changes around templates are coming to your wiki soon:

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:VisualEditor/User guide#Editing templates|'''template dialog''' in VisualEditor]] and in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/2017 wikitext editor|2017 Wikitext Editor]] (beta) will be '''improved fundamentally''': 
This should help users understand better what the template expects, how to navigate the template, and how to add parameters. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/VisualEditor template dialog improvements|talk page]]

In '''syntax highlighting''' ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] extension), you can activate a '''colorblind-friendly''' color scheme with a user setting. 
* [[metawiki:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting#Color-blind_mode|project page]], [[metawiki:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Improved Color Scheme of Syntax Highlighting|talk page]]

Deployment is planned for May 10. This is the last set of improvements from [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes']] focus area “[[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Templates|Templates]]”. 

We would love to hear your feedback on our talk pages!
&lt;/div&gt; -- [[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]] 11:14, 29 Mata 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=23222263 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Editing news 2022 #1&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[metawiki:VisualEditor/Newsletter/2022/April|Read this in another language]] • [[m:VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;
[[File:Junior Contributor New Topic Tool Completion Rate.png|thumb|New editors were more successful with this new tool.]]

The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:DiscussionTools#New discussion tool|New topic tool]] helps editors create new ==Sections== on discussion pages.  New editors are more successful with this new tool.  You can [[mw:Talk pages project/New topic#21 April 2022|read the report]].  Soon, the Editing team will offer this to all editors at the 20 Wikipedias that participated in the test.  You will be able to turn it off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]].&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] 18:55, 2 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=22019984 --&gt;

== 2022 Board of Trustees Call for Candidates ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Call for Candidates/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

The Board of Trustees seeks candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Announcement/Call_for_Candidates|'''Read more on Meta-wiki.''']]

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is here! Please consider submitting your candidacy to serve on the Board of Trustees.

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's operations. Community-and-affiliate selected trustees and Board-appointed trustees make up the Board of Trustees. Each trustee serves a three year term. The Wikimedia community has the opportunity to vote for community-and-affiliate selected trustees.

The Wikimedia community will vote to fill two seats on the Board in 2022. This is an opportunity to improve the representation, diversity, and expertise of the Board as a team.

;Who are potential candidates? Are you a potential candidate? Find out more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Apply to be a Candidate page]].

Thank you for your support, 

Movement Strategy and Governance on behalf of the Elections Committee and the Board of Trustees&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
10:39, 10 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23215441 --&gt;

== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2022 ==

Dear Wikimedians,

We are glad to inform you that the 2022 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and contextual images. 

The campaign will run from July 1 to August  31, 2022 and several communities and Wikimedia Affiliates have already indicated interest to organize the campaign in their localities. Please find your community or community closer to you to participate: [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/Participating Communities|WPWP2022 Campaign: Participating Communities]].

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles that are lacking them. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this third edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ here on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2022|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]].

Best,&lt;br/&gt;
[[User:Ammarpad|Ammar A.]]&lt;br/&gt;
Global Coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos Campaign 2022.&lt;br /&gt;
17:38, 31 Gicurasi 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Martin Urbanec@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&amp;oldid=23230284 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines/Revision discussions/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

We'd like to provide an update on the work on the Enforcement Guidelines for the Universal Code of Conduct.  After the conclusion of the community vote on the guidelines in March, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs committee (CAC)]] of the Board [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/JAYQN3NYKCHQHONMUONYTI6WRKZFQNSC/ asked that several areas of the guidelines be reviewed for improvements] before the Board does its final review. These areas were identified based on community discussions and comments provided during the vote. The CAC also requested review of the controversial Note in 3.1 of the UCoC itself.

Once more, a big thank you to all who voted, especially to all who left constructive feedback and comments!  The project team is working with the Board to establish a timeline for this work, and will communicate this next month. 

Members of the two prior [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee|UCoC Drafting Committees]] have generously offered their time to help shape improvements to the Guidelines. You can read more about them and their work [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Drafting committee#Revisions_Committee|here]], as well as read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Drafting_committee/Phase_2_meeting_summaries#2022|summaries of their weekly meetings in 2022]]. 

Wikimedians have provided many valuable comments together with the vote and in other conversations. Given the size and diversity of the Wikimedia community, there are even more voices out there who can give ideas on how to improve the enforcement guidelines and add even more valuable ideas to the process. To help the Revisions committee identify improvements, input on several questions for the committee’s review is requested. Visit the Meta-wiki pages ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines/Revision_discussions|Enforcement Guidelines revision discussions]], [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Policy text/Revision_discussions|Policy text revision discussions]]) to get your ideas to the Committee - it is very important that viewpoints are heard from different communities before the Committee begins drafting revision proposals.

On behalf of the UCoC project team &lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 22:56, 3 Kamena 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23215441 --&gt;

== Results of Wiki Loves Folklore 2022 is out! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:please-translate}}
[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Hi, Greetings

The winners for '''[[c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022|Wiki Loves Folklore 2022]]''' is announced!

We are happy to share with you winning images for this year's edition. This year saw over 8,584 images represented on commons in over 92 countries. Kindly see images '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2022/Winners|here]]'''

Our profound gratitude to all the people who participated and organized local contests and photo walks for this project.

We hope to have you contribute to the campaign next year.

'''Thank you,'''

'''Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''

--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 16:13, 4 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=23454230 --&gt;

== Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass ==

:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Propose statements for the 2022 Election Compass}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Community members in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|propose statements to use in the Election Compass.]]

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

;Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

* July 8 - 20: Community members propose statements for the Election Compass
* July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements
* July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
* August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
* August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
* August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August. The Elections Committee will oversee the process, supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance team. MSG will check that the questions are clear, there are no duplicates, no typos, and so on.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] ([[User talk:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|talk]]) 11:34, 14 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23215441 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Movement Strategy and Governance News – Issue 7&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;div style = &quot;line-height: 1.2&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:200%;&quot;&gt;'''Movement Strategy and Governance News'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; color:#404040;&quot;&gt;'''Issue 7, July-September 2022'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:120%; float:right;&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7|'''Read the full newsletter''']]&lt;/span&gt; 
----
Welcome to the 7th issue of Movement Strategy and Governance News! The newsletter distributes relevant news and events about the implementation of Wikimedia's [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy recommendations]], other relevant topics regarding Movement governance, as well as different projects and activities supported by the Movement Strategy and Governance (MSG) team of the Wikimedia Foundation.  

The MSG Newsletter is delivered quarterly, while the more frequent [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Updates|Movement Strategy Weekly]] will be delivered weekly. Please remember to subscribe [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/MSG Newsletter Subscription|here]] if you would like to receive future issues of this newsletter.
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top:3px; padding:10px 10px 10px 20px; background:#fffff; border:2px solid #808080; border-radius:4px; font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; 

* '''Movement sustainability''': Wikimedia Foundation's annual sustainability report has been published. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A1|continue reading]])
* '''Improving user experience''': recent improvements on the desktop interface for Wikimedia projects. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A2|continue reading]])
* '''Safety and inclusion''': updates on the revision process of the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A3|continue reading]])
* '''Equity in decisionmaking''': reports from Hubs pilots conversations, recent progress from the Movement Charter Drafting Committee, and a new white paper for futures of participation in the Wikimedia movement. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A4|continue reading]])
* '''Stakeholders coordination''': launch of a helpdesk for Affiliates and volunteer communities working on content partnership. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A5|continue reading]])
* '''Leadership development''': updates on leadership projects by Wikimedia movement organizers in Brazil and Cape Verde. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A6|continue reading]])
* '''Internal knowledge management''': launch of a new portal for technical documentation and community resources. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A7|continue reading]])
* '''Innovate in free knowledge''': high-quality audiovisual resources for scientific experiments and a new toolkit to record oral transcripts. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A8|continue reading]])
* '''Evaluate, iterate, and adapt''': results from the Equity Landscape project pilot ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A9|continue reading]])
* '''Other news and updates''': a new forum to discuss Movement Strategy implementation, upcoming Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election, a new podcast to discuss Movement Strategy, and change of personnel for the Foundation's Movement Strategy and Governance team. ([[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Newsletter/7#A10|continue reading]])
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;msg-newsletter&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

Thank you for reading! [[User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 01:37, 18 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23529147 --&gt;

== Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Announcing the six candidates for the 2022 Board of Trustees election}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

'''The Affiliate voting process has concluded.''' Representatives from each Affiliate organization learned about the candidates by reading candidates’ statements, reviewing candidates’ answers to questions, and considering the candidates’ ratings provided by the Analysis Committee. The selected 2022 Board of Trustees candidates are:

* Tobechukwu Precious Friday ([[:m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]])
* Farah Jack Mustaklem ([[:m:User:Fjmustak|Fjmustak]])
* Shani Evenstein Sigalov ([[:m:User:Esh77|Esh77]])
* Kunal Mehta ([[:m:User:Legoktm|Legoktm]])
* Michał Buczyński ([[:m:User:Aegis Maelstrom|Aegis Maelstrom]])
* Mike Peel ([[:m:User:Mike Peel|Mike Peel]])

You may see more information about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Results|Results]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Stats|Statistics]] of this Board election.

Please take a moment to appreciate the Affiliate Representatives and Analysis Committee members for taking part in this process and helping to grow the Board of Trustees in capacity and diversity. These hours of volunteer work connect us across understanding and perspective. Thank you for your participation.

Thank you to the community members who put themselves forward as candidates for the Board of Trustees. Considering joining the Board of Trustees is no small decision. The time and dedication candidates have shown to this point speaks to their commitment to this movement. Congratulations to those candidates who have been selected. A great amount of appreciation and gratitude for those candidates not selected. Please continue to share your leadership with Wikimedia.

Thank you to those who followed the Affiliate process for this Board election. You may review the results of the Affiliate selection process.

'''The next part of the Board election process is the community voting period.''' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022#Timeline|You may view the Board election timeline here]]. To prepare for the community voting period, there are several things community members can engage with in the following ways:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Read candidates’ statements]] and read the candidates’ answers to the questions posed by the Affiliate Representatives.
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Questions_for_Candidates|Propose and select the 6 questions for candidates to answer during their video Q&amp;A]].
* See the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee’s ratings of candidates on each candidate’s statement]].
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community Voting/Election Compass|Propose statements for the Election Compass]] voters can use to find which candidates best fit their principles.
* Encourage others in your community to take part in the election.

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot;/&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 14:03, 27 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23530132 --&gt;

== Vote for Election Compass Statements ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/Vote for Election Compass Statements}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi all,

Volunteers in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] are invited to [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass/Statements|vote for statements to use in the Election Compass]]. You can vote for the statements you would like to see included in the Election Compass on Meta-wiki.

An Election Compass is a tool to help voters select the candidates that best align with their beliefs and views. The community members will propose statements for the candidates to answer using a Lickert scale (agree/neutral/disagree). The candidates’ answers to the statements will be loaded into the Election Compass tool. Voters will use the tool by entering in their answer to the statements (agree/disagree/neutral). The results will show the candidates that best align with the voter’s beliefs and views.

Here is the timeline for the Election Compass:

*&lt;s&gt;July 8 - 20: Volunteers propose statements for the Election Compass&lt;/s&gt;
*&lt;s&gt;July 21 - 22: Elections Committee reviews statements for clarity and removes off-topic statements&lt;/s&gt;
*July 23 - August 1: Volunteers vote on the statements
*August 2 - 4: Elections Committee selects the top 15 statements
*August 5 - 12: candidates align themselves with the statements
*August 15: The Election Compass opens for voters to use to help guide their voting decision

The Elections Committee will select the top 15 statements at the beginning of August

Best, 

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 21:01, 27 Nyakanga 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23530132 --&gt;

== The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Announcement/The 2022 Board of Trustees election Community Voting period is now open}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hi everyone,

The Community Voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022|2022 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Here are some helpful links to get you the information you need to vote:

* Try the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Community_Voting/Election_Compass|Election Compass]], showing how candidates stand on 15 different topics.
* Read the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|candidate statements]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Affiliate_Organization_Participation/Candidate_Questions|answers to Affiliate questions]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Apply to be a Candidate|Learn more about the skills the Board seeks]] and how the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2022/Candidates|Analysis Committee found candidates align with those skills]]

If you are ready to vote, you may go to [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_Elections_2022|SecurePoll voting page]] to vote now. '''You may vote from August 23 at 00:00 UTC to September 6 at 23:59 UTC.''' To see about your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best,

Movement Strategy and Governance

''This message was sent on behalf of the Board Selection Task Force and the Elections Committee''&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz_(WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23708360 --&gt;

== Invitation to join the Movement Strategy Forum ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
Hello everyone,

The [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/ Movement Strategy Forum] (MS Forum) is a multilingual collaborative space for all conversations about Movement Strategy implementation. 

We are inviting all Movement participants to collaborate on the MS Forum. The goal of the forum is to build community collaboration, using an inclusive multilingual platform.

The [[m:Movement Strategy|Movement Strategy]] is a collaborative effort to imagine and build the future of the Wikimedia Movement. Anyone can contribute to the Movement Strategy, from a comment to a full-time project.

;Join this forum with your Wikimedia account, engage in conversations, and ask questions in your language.

The Movement Strategy and Governance team (MSG) launched the proposal for the MS Forum in May 2022. There was a 2-month community review period, which ended on 24 July 2022. The community review process included several questions that resulted in interesting conversations. You can read the [https://forum.movement-strategy.org/t/ms-forum-community-review-report/1436 Community Review Report]. 

We look forward to seeing you at the MS Forum! 

Best regards,

the Movement Strategy and Governance Team

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 11:32, 29 Kanama 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23720620 --&gt;

== The Vector 2022 skin as the default in two weeks? ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Wikimania 2022 Vector (2022) Presentation.pdf|thumb|The slides for our presentation at Wikimania 2022|page=26]]
Hello. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Wikimedia Foundation Web team]]. '''In two weeks, we would like to make the Vector 2022 skin the default on this wiki.'''

We have been working on it for the past three years. So far, it has been the default on more than 30 wikis, including sister projects, all accounting for more than 1 billion pageviews per month. On average [[phab:T317529#8246686|87% of active logged-in users]] of those wikis use Vector 2022.

It would become the default for all logged-out users, and also all logged-in users who currently use Vector legacy. Logged-in users can at any time switch to [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|any other skins]]. No changes are expected for users of these skins.

&lt;div style=&quot;width:100%; margin:auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;Top of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 top.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 top.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;gallery widths=&quot;220&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot; mode=&quot;packed&quot; caption=&quot;A section of an article&quot;&gt;
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2010 scrolled.png|Vector legacy (current default)
Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|Vector 2022
&lt;/gallery&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
=== About the skin ===

'''[Why is a change necessary]''' The current default skin meets the needs of the readers and editors as these were 13 years ago. Since then, new users have begun using Wikimedia projects. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2022/08/18/prioritizing-equity-within-wikipedias-new-desktop/ The old Vector doesn't meet their needs.]

'''[Objective]''' The objective for the new skin is to make the interface more welcoming and comfortable for readers and useful for advanced users. It draws inspiration from previous requests, the [[metawiki:Special:MyLanguage/Community_Wishlist_Survey|Community Wishlist Surveys]], and gadgets and scripts. The work helped our code follow the standards and improve all other skins. [[phab:phame/post/view/290/how_and_why_we_moved_our_skins_to_mustache/|We reduced PHP code in Wikimedia deployed skins by 75%]]. The project has also focused on making it easier to support gadgets and use APIs.

'''[Changes and test results]''' The skin introduces a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Features|series of changes]] that improve readability and usability. The new skin does not remove any functionality currently available on the Vector skin.

* The sticky header makes it easier to find tools that editors use often. It decreases scrolling to the top of the page by 16%.
* The new table of contents makes it easier to navigate to different sections. Readers and editors jumped to different sections of the page 50% more than with the old table of contents. It also looks a bit different on talk pages.
* The new search bar is easier to find and makes it easier to find the correct search result from the list. This increased the amount of searches started by 30% on the wikis we tested on.
* The skin does not negatively affect pageviews, edit rates, or account creation. There is evidence of increases in pageviews and account creation across partner communities.

'''[Try it out]''' Try out the new skin by going to the appearance tab in [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-rendering|your preferences]] and selecting Vector 2022 from the list of skins.

=== How can editors change and customize this skin? ===

It's possible to configure and personalize our changes. We support volunteers who create new gadgets and user scripts. Check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Repository|our repository]] for a list of currently available customizations, or add your own. 

=== Our plan ===

'''If no large concerns are raised, we plan on deploying in the week of October 3, 2022'''. If your community would like to request more time to discuss the changes, hit the button and write to us. We can adjust the calendar.

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;[[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks mw-ui-button&quot;&gt;Request for more time to discuss the change&lt;/span&gt;]]&lt;/div&gt;
If you'd like ask our team anything, if you have questions, concerns, or additional thoughts, please ping me here or write on the [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|talk page of the project]]. We will gladly answer! Also, [[mw:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements/Frequently asked questions|see our FAQ]]. Thank you! [[mw:User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[mw:User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 04:15, 22 Nzeri 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&amp;oldid=23838600 --&gt;

== Update on Vector 2022 ==

[[File:Screenshot Historia da moeda do Tíbet - 2022-09-22 - Vector 2022 scrolled.png|thumb]]
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Hello. I'm sorry for not communicating in your language. I'll be grateful if you translated my message. I'm writing on behalf of the [[mw:Reading/Web|Web team]] working on the new skin, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|Vector 2022]].

We wanted to apologize for the delays in the deployment of Vector 2022. We know many of you are waiting for this eagerly. We have been delaying the deployment because we have been working on the logos. It has taken us more time than originally expected. Once the logos are ready, we will let you know the exact date of deployment. '''We are planning for either the next (more likely) or the following week'''. If your wiki doesn't currently have a localized logo, we encourage you to [[mw:Talk:Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements|reach out to us]] and we can help make one.

We invite you to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reading/Web/Desktop Improvements#contact|get involved in the project]]. Contact us if you have any questions or need any help, particularly with the compatibility of gadgets and user scripts. Thank you! [[User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]] ([[User talk:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|talk]]) 23:24, 19 Ukwakira 2022 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SGrabarczuk (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:SGrabarczuk_(WMF)/sandbox/MM/Varia&amp;oldid=23955535 --&gt;

== Invitation to attend “Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter” Sessions ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Community Consultation/Announcement/Ask Me Anything Sessions}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]
Hello all, 

During the 2022 Wikimedia Summit, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee|Movement Charter Drafting Committee]] (MCDC) presented the first outline of the Movement Charter, giving a glimpse on the direction of its future work, and the Charter itself. The MCDC then integrated the initial feedback collected during the Summit. Before proceeding with writing the Charter for the whole Movement, the MCDC wants to interact with community members and gather feedback on the drafts of the three sections: Preamble, Values &amp; Principles, and Roles &amp; Responsibilities (intentions statement). The Movement Charter drafts will be available on the Meta page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Content|here]] on November 14, 2022. Community wide consultation period on MC will take place from November 20 to December 18, 2022. Learn more about it [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|here]]. 

With the goal of ensuring that people are well informed to fully participate in the conversations and are empowered to contribute their perspective on the Movement Charter, three '''“Ask Me Anything about Movement Charter&quot;''' sessions have been scheduled in different time zones. Everyone in the Wikimedia Movement is invited to attend these conversations. The aim is to learn about Movement Charter - its goal, purpose, why it matters, and how it impacts your community. MCDC members will attend these sessions to answer your questions and hear community feedback.     

The “Ask Me Anything” sessions accommodate communities from different time zones. Only the presentation of the session is recorded and shared afterwards, no recording of conversations. Below is the list of planned events: 

*&lt;s&gt;'''Asia/Pacific''': November 4, 2022 at 09:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1667552400 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Chinese and Japanese.&lt;/s&gt;
* '''Europe/MENA/Sub Saharan Africa''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in  Arabic, French and Russian.  
* '''North and South America/ Western Europe''': November 12, 2022 at 15:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1668265257 your local time]). Interpretation is available in Spanish and Portuguese. 

On the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Community Consultation|Meta page]] you will find more details; Zoom links will be shared 48 hours ahead of the call.

'''Call for Movement Charter Ambassadors'''

Individuals or groups from all communities who wish to help include and start conversations in their communities on the Movement Charter are encouraged to become [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|Movement Charter Ambassadors]] (MC Ambassadors). MC Ambassadors will carry out their own activities and get financial support for enabling conversations in their own languages. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Team|Regional facilitators]] from the Movement Strategy and Governance team are available to support applicants with MC Ambassadors grantmaking. If you are interested please sign up [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy and Governance/Movement Charter Ambassadors Program/About|here]]. Should you have specific questions, please reach out to the MSG team via email: strategy2030@wikimedia.org or on the MS forum. 

We thank you for your time and participation. 

On behalf of the Movement Charter Drafting Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 15:33, 7 Ugushyingo 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23914777 --&gt;

== Apply for Funding through the Movement Strategy Community Engagement Package to Support Your Community ==

:''{{More languages}}''
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
The Wikimedia Movement Strategy implementation is a collaborative effort for all Wikimedians. 
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About|Movement Strategy Implementation Grants]] support projects that take the current state of a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Strategy/Initiatives|Movement Strategy Initiative]] and push it one step forward. If you are looking for an example or some guide on how to engage your community further on Movement Strategy and the Movement Strategy Implementation Grants specifically, you may find this '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/Community Engagement Package|community engagement package]]''' helpful.

The goal of this community engagement package is to support more people to access the funding they might need for the implementation work. By becoming a recipient of this grant, you will be able to support other community members to develop further grant applications that fit with your local contexts to benefit your own communities. With this package, the hope is to break down language barriers and to ensure community members have needed information on Movement Strategy to connect with each other. Movement Strategy is a two-way exchange, we can always learn more from the experiences and knowledge of Wikimedians everywhere. We can train and support our peers by using this package, so more people can make use of this great funding opportunity.

If this information interests you or if you have any further thoughts or questions, please do not hesitate to reach out to us as your [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Team|regional facilitators]] to discuss further. We will be more than happy to support you. When you are ready, follow the steps on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Grants:MSIG/About |this page]] to apply. We look forward to receiving your application.

Best regards, &lt;br&gt; Movement Strategy and Governance Team &lt;br&gt; Wikimedia Foundation&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;

[[User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)|MNadzikiewicz (WMF)]] 16:26, 14 Ugushyingo 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23914777 --&gt;

== Enabling Section Translation: a new mobile translation experience ==

Hello Kinyarwanda Wikipedians!

Apologies as this message is not in your language, Please help translate to your language.

The [[mw:Wikimedia_Language_engineering|WMF Language team]] is pleased to let you know that we will like to enable the [[mw:Content_translation/Section_translation|Section translation]] tool in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia. For this, our team will love you to read about the tool and test it so you can:

* Give us your feedback
* Ask us questions
* Tell us how to improve it.

Below is background information about Section translation, why we have chosen your community, and how to test it.

Background information

[[mw:Content_translation|Content Translation]] has been a successful tool for editors to create content in their language. More than one million articles have been created across all languages since the tool was released in 2015. The Wikimedia Foundation Language team has improved the translation experience further with the Section Translation. The WMF Language team enabled the early version of the tool in February 2021 in Bengali Wikipedia. Through their feedback, the tool was improved and ready for your community to test and provide feedback to make it better.

[https://design.wikimedia.org/strategy/section-translation.html Section Translation] extends the capabilities of Content Translation to support mobile devices. On mobile, the tool will:

* Guide you to translate one section at a time in order to expand existing articles or create new ones.
* Make it easy to transfer knowledge across languages anytime from your mobile device.

Kinyarwanda Wikipedia seems an ideal candidate to enjoy this new tool since it has Content Translation tool enabled by default.

We plan to enable the tool in the coming weeks if there are no objections from your community. After it is enabled, we’ll monitor the content created with the tool and process all the feedback. In any case, feel free to raise any concerns or questions you may already have in any of the following formats:

* As a reply to this message
* On [[mw:Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation|the project talk page]].

Try the tool

Before the enablement, you can try the current implementation of the tool in [https://test.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;from=en&amp;to=rw&amp;sx=true#/ our testing instance]. Once it is enabled on Kinyarwanda Wikipedia, you’ll have access to https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation with your mobile device. You can select an article to translate, and machine translation will be provided as a starting point for editors to improve.

Provide feedback

Please provide feedback about Section translation in any of the formats you are most comfortable with. We want to hear about your impressions on:

* The tool
* What you think about our plans to enable it
* Your ideas for improving the tool.

Thanks, and we look forward to your feedback.

[[Umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 01:13, 17 Ugushyingo 2022 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team

===Section Translation tool enabled in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia===

Hello Friends!
 
The WMF Language team is pleased to let you know that the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Section_translation Section Translation] tool is [https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation?title=Speciale:TraduzioneContenuti&amp;from=en&amp;sx=true&amp;to=rw#/ now enabled in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia]. It means you can translate content one section at a time using your mobile devices with ease.

Now you can also start translating an article on your mobile device right when you notice it is missing in Kinyarwanda. From a Wikipedia article in any language, switch languages and search for Kinyarwanda. If the article does not exist, an option to translate it will appear, as shown in the image below.
 
[[File:Sx-language-selector-invite-th.png|thumb|center|Image of the entry point]]

Content created with the tool will be marked [https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibidasanzwe:Log?type=&amp;user=&amp;page=&amp;wpdate=&amp;tagfilter=sectiontranslation&amp;wpfilters%5B%5D=newusers&amp;wpFormIdentifier=logeventslist with the “sectiontranslation” tag] for the community to review. We’ll monitor the content created, but we are very interested in hearing about your experience using the tool and reviewing the content created with it. 
 
So, [https://rw.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation enjoy the tool] and [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation/Section_translation provide feedback] on improving it.

Thank you!

[[Umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 00:46, 13 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC)

== Opportunities open for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Announcement/2023 OC and CRC appointments process}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''
&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The Ombuds commission (OC) and the Case Review Committee (CRC) are looking for members. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to do so. There is more information below about the opportunity and the skills that are needed.

'''About the Ombuds commission'''

The Ombuds commission (OC) works on all Wikimedia projects to investigate complaints about violations of the privacy policy, especially in use of [[m:Special:MyLanguage/CheckUser policy|CheckUser]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Oversight policy|Oversight]] (also known as Suppression) tools. The Commission mediates between the parties of the investigation and, when violations of the policies are identified, advises the Wikimedia Foundation on best handling. They may also assist the General Counsel, the Chief Executive Officer, or the Board of Trustees of the Foundation in these investigations when legally necessary. For more on the OC's duties and roles, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|see Ombuds commission on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Volunteers serving in this role should be experienced Wikimedians, active on any project, who have previously used the CheckUser/Oversight tools OR who have the technical ability to understand these tools and the willingness to learn them. They must be able to communicate in English, the common language of the commission. They are expected to be able to engage neutrally in investigating these concerns and to know when to recuse when other roles and relationships may cause conflict. Commissioners will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''About the Case Review Committee'''

The Case Review Committee (CRC) reviews appeals of eligible Trust &amp; Safety office actions. The CRC is a critical layer of oversight to ensure that Wikimedia Foundation office actions are fair and unbiased. They also make sure the Wikimedia Foundation doesn’t overstep established practices or boundaries. For more about the role, '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Case Review Committee|see Case Review Committee on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

We are looking for current or former functionaries and experienced volunteers with an interest in joining this group. Applicants must be fluent in English (additional languages are a strong plus) and willing to abide by the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee/Charter|terms of the Committee charter]]. If the work resonates and you qualify, please apply. Committee members will serve '''two-year terms''' (note that this is different from past years, when the terms have been for one year).

'''Applying to join either of these groups'''

Members are required to sign the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information|Confidentiality agreement for nonpublic information]] and must be willing to comply with the appropriate Wikimedia Foundation board policies (such as the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Access to nonpublic information policy|access to non-public information policy]] and the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Privacy policy|Foundation privacy policy]]). These positions requires a high degree of discretion and trust. Members must also be over 18 years of age.

'''If you are interested in serving in either capacity listed above,''' please write in English to the Trust and Safety team at ca[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the OC) or to the Legal Team at legal[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org (to apply to the CRC) with information about:

* Your primary projects
* Languages you speak/write
* Any experience you have serving on committees, whether movement or non-movement
* Your thoughts on what you could bring to the OC or CRC if appointed
* Any experience you have with the Checkuser or Oversight tools (OC only)
* Any other information you think is relevant

'''The deadline for applications is 31 December 2022 in any timezone.'''

Please feel free to pass this invitation along to any users who you think may be qualified and interested. Thank you!

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MNadzikiewicz (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Movement_Strategy_and_Governance/Delivery&amp;oldid=23914777 --&gt;


==Wikipedia: Admin request==
hello [[User:Minorax]] and [[User:Kmoksy]]
I would like to be granted administrative rights on rw.Wikipedia.org, My native language is Kinyarwanda. I understand Wikipedia policies, and I would like to be granted this right so as to be able to effectively ad deliberately maintain rw Wikipedia.

I've made over 2000 contributions to both English and rw Wikipedia and have trained more than 40 newbies who are active contributors as of May.2022.

Given this right, my contributions will extend but are not limited to: cleaning backlog, protecting pages, dealing with disputes, maintaining content, creating project pages and categories, and provision of quick and understandable feedback to newbies.

Currently, there is a lack of regular administrator Maintainance of rw Wikipedia, which has led to multiple Wikipedia policy violations.

Hoping my request will be considered
--[[Umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|ɴᴅᴀʜɪʀᴏ ᴅᴇʀʀɪᴄᴋ ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 12:56, 1 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC)

:&lt;nowiki&gt;==Gusaba kugirwa Umucungarubuga==&lt;/nowiki&gt;
:Muraho[[User:Minorax]] na[[User:Kmoksy]]: Nifuzaga kugirwa umucungarubuga kuri wikipediya y'ikinyarwanda. Ikinyarwanda ni ururimi rwanjye kavukire ,kandi nkivuga ndetse nkanacyandika neza. Nsobanukiwe amategeko agenga urubuga rwa wikipediya,bityo mpawe uburenganzira bwo kuba umucungarubuga ,byatuma imikoreshereze ya wikipediya y'ikinyarwanda irushaho kuba mwiza ndetse n'inyandindiko zandikwaho zikagira ireme birushijeho.
:Manze kwandika inyandiko zirenga 2000 kuei wikipediya y'icyongereza ndetse n'ikinyarwanda,kandi nanahuguye abandi barenga 40 uko bikorwa ndetse bamwe muri bo ubu ni abakoresha bahoraho ba wikipediya mu ndimi zitandukanye.
:Nimpabwa uburenganzira bwo kuba umucungarubuga zakora byinshi bitandukanye harimo: kurinda inyandiko zisanzwe zanditse kuri urubuga,inshya zizandikwaho ndetse no guhugura abanditsi bashya hagamijwe kwirinda kwica amahamwe agenda wikipediya ndetse no gukemura kutumvikana bishobora kuba hagati y'abanditsi uko ari kwose kandi zafatanya n'abandi muri ibi bikorwa.
:Kuri ubu, ntago gucunga uru rubuga bikorwa mu buryo buhoraho, bityo hari amahame agenga urubuga rwa wikipediya adakurizwa rimwe na rimwe bityo ugansaga ,urubugu ruriho inyandiko zifite imwandikire itariyo cyangwa hari n'inyandiko zitujuje amabwiriza y'imwandikire yemewe mu rurimi rw'ikinyarwanda.
:Ndizerako ubusabawe buzasubizwa, MURAKOZE [[Umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|ɴᴅᴀʜɪʀᴏ ᴅᴇʀʀɪᴄᴋ ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 12:58, 1 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC)

:: Unsolicited '''SUPPORT''' for Admin nomination of [[User:Ndahiro derrick]] at the RW WP. In my unofficial mentoring of underserved WPs in African languages, we started collaborating here [[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|in May 2020]]. My 500+ contributions here (and more in Wikidata) focus on categories and data structure, sometimes posted on Talk pages as queries because I don't know the Kinyarwandan language. Having an active Administrator will improve the content and form of RW WP pages, as Ndahiro derrick described above in addressing [[User:Minorax]] and [[User:Kmoksy]]. His several years of WP involvement with new users in the Wikimedia Community User Group Rwanda and as a host/organizer of the recent [[:m:WikiIndaba conference 2022|2022 WikiIndaba Conference]] are evidence of his experience and commitment. I look forward to his advancement on behalf of the RW WP contributors' community and our future achievements. ''-- [[User:Deborahjay|Deborahjay]] ([[User talk:Deborahjay|talk]])'' 11:28, 2 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC)

== Community Wishlist Survey 2023 opens in January! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''{{int:Please-translate}}''

{{int:Hello}}

The [[m:Community Wishlist Survey 2023|'''Community Wishlist Survey (CWS) 2023''']], which lets contributors propose and vote for tools and improvements, starts next month on Monday, [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1674496831 23 January 2023, at 18:00 UTC] and will continue annually.

We are inviting you to share your ideas for technical improvements to our tools and platforms. Long experience in editing or technical skills is not required. If you have ever used our software and thought of an idea to improve it, this is the place to come share those ideas!

The dates for the phases of the Survey will be as follows:
* Phase 1: Submit, discuss, and revise proposals – Monday, Jan 23, 2023 to Sunday, Feb 6, 2023
* Phase 2: WMF/Community Tech reviews and organizes proposals – Monday, Jan 30, 2023 to Friday, Feb 10, 2023
* Phase 3: Vote on proposals – Friday, Feb 10, 2023 to Friday, Feb 24, 2023
* Phase 4: Results posted – Tuesday, Feb 28, 2023

If you want to start writing out your ideas ahead of the Survey, you can start thinking about your proposals and draft them in [[m:Community Wishlist Survey/Sandbox|the CWS sandbox]].

We are grateful to all who participated last year. See you in January 2023!
&lt;/div&gt;

{{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Community Tech, [[m:User:STei (WMF)|STei (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 12:59, 13 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:STei_(WMF)/CWS_2023_List&amp;oldid=24226232 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2023 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2023 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

Christmas Greetings and a Happy New Year 2023,
 
You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2023|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/List of Articles|list]] of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a fountain tool or dashboard.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the fountain/dashboard link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta project page]].
 
This year we would be supporting the community's financial aid for Internet and childcare support. This would be provided for the local team including their jury and coordinator team. This support is opt-in and non mandatory. Kindly fill in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSea81OO0lVgUBd551iIiENXht7BRCISYZlKyBQlemZu_j2OHQ/viewform this Google form] and mark a mail to [mailto:support@wikilovesfolklore.org support@wikilovesfolklore.org] with the subject line starting as [Stipend] Name or Username/Language. The last date to sign up for internet and childcare aid from our team is 20th of January 2023, We encourage the language coordinators to sign up their community on this link by the 25th of January 2023.
 
Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2023/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2023|Feminism and Folklore 2023 International Team]]

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 10:24, 24 Ukuboza 2022 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=23942484 --&gt;

== Editing news 2023 #1 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;&lt;i&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter/2023/February|Read this in another language]] • [[m:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Newsletter|Subscription list for this multilingual newsletter]]&lt;/i&gt;

This newsletter includes two key updates about the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing team|Editing]] team's work:

# The Editing team will finish adding new features to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project|Talk pages project]] and deploy it.
# They are beginning a new project, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|Edit check]].

&lt;strong&gt;Talk pages project&lt;/strong&gt;
[[File:Page Frame Features on desktop.png|alt=Screenshot showing the talk page design changes that are currently available as beta features at all Wikimedia wikis. These features include information about the number of people and comments within each discussion.|thumb|300px|Some of the upcoming changes]]

The Editing team is nearly finished with this first phase of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project|Talk pages project]]. Nearly all [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Usability|new features]] are available now in the [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|Beta Feature for {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]].

It will show information about how active a discussion is, such as the date of the most recent comment. There will soon be a new &quot;{{int:skin-action-addsection}}&quot; button. You will be able to turn them off at [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-editing-discussion]]. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Talk_pages_project/Usability#c-PPelberg_(WMF)-20230215001000-Feedback:_Proposed_Revisions_to_%22Add_topic%22_button|tell them what you think]].

[[File:Daily edit completion rates mobile talk pages.png|thumb|300px|Daily edit completion rate by test group: DiscussionTools (test group) and MobileFrontend overlay (control group)]]

An A/B test for [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk pages project/Mobile|{{int:discussiontools-preference-label}} on the mobile site]] has finished. Editors were [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk_pages_project/Mobile#Status_Updates|more successful with {{int:discussiontools-preference-label}}]]. The Editing team is enabling these features for all editors on the mobile site.

&lt;strong&gt;New Project: Edit Check&lt;/strong&gt;

The Editing team is beginning [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check|a project to help new editors of Wikipedia]]. It will help people identify some problems before they click &quot;{{int:publishchanges}}&quot;. The first tool will encourage people to add references when they add new content. Please [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist|watch]] that page for more information. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Editing_team/Community_Conversations#20230303|join a conference call on 3&amp;nbsp;March&amp;nbsp;2023]] to learn more.&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

–[[User:Whatamidoing (WMF)|Whatamidoing (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Whatamidoing (WMF)|{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}]]) 23:24, 22 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/VisualEditor/Newsletter/Wikis_with_VE&amp;oldid=24611966 --&gt;

== Your wiki will be in read only soon ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora Mu kureba ko ibikorwa byose bizaba bizakomeza, abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga muri wikimediya barashaka gukora igerageza. Iri gerageza rizabafasha kumenya niba bashoboora guhindura imiyoboro rusange. Bizasaba amakipe benshi kwitegura iri geragezwa ndetse no kuba biteguye gukemura ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-03-01|en}}'''.&lt;/span&gt; Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi

Bitewe n'imbogamizi ,ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizahagarikwa mu gihe cy'igeragezwa Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

*Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;There will be more notifications about this.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 21:21, 27 Gashyantare 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=24390465 --&gt;

== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2023 promo.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the third edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2023. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2023/Prizes|prizes]].&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2023|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge!
&lt;/div&gt;
[[m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]]) 07:58, 1 March 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=23942484 --&gt;

== Wikimania 2023 Porogaramu yo kwakira ibyatanzwe ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;[[File:Wikimedia_Singapore_Logo.svg|right|frameless]]Urashaka kuba uwakira imbonankubone cyangwa kuri murandasi kuri wikimania 2023? ahari mukuboko kwamahugurwa, ibiganiro byakokanya, kumurika ibinezeza, ibyapa bigaragaza,cyangwa urwibutso rwibiganiro bisobanura. [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2023:Program/Submissions|'''Kubitanga birafunguye kugeza kuwa 28 Werurwe''']]. Igikorwa kizabera muburyo byahose, gutanga ibyo kuri murandasi ndetse nibyabitswe mbere nabyo bihawe ikaze. Nimba hari ikibazo, turagusaba kutwiyungaho mukiganiro kizaba kuwa 12 kugeza kuri 19 werurwe, cyangwa ukatwandikira kuri emayiki ya wikimania@wikimedia.org cyangwa kuri Telegram. kubindi bisobanuro kuri-wiki.&lt;section end=&quot;wikimania-program-submissions&quot;/&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:CKoerner (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=24390465 --&gt;

== Your wiki will be in read-only soon ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora Mu kureba ko ibikorwa byose bizaba bizakomeza, abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga muri wikimediya barashaka gukora igerageza. Iri gerageza rizabafasha kumenya niba bashoboora guhindura imiyoboro rusange. Bizasaba amakipe benshi kwitegura iri geragezwa ndetse no kuba biteguye gukemura ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-04-26|en}}'''.&lt;/span&gt; Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi

Bitewe n'imbogamizi ,ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizahagarikwa mu gihe cy'igeragezwa Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

*Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;There will be more notifications about this.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 00:41, 21 Mata 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=24748237 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers for the next step in the Universal Code of Conduct process&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Nominations/Announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''

Hello,

As follow-up to [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/IOMVS7W75ZYMABQGOQ2QH2JAURC3CHGH/ the message about the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines] by Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees Vice Chair, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, I am reaching out about the next steps. I want to bring your attention to the next stage of the Universal Code of Conduct process, which is forming a building committee for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). I invite community members with experience and deep interest in community health and governance to nominate themselves to be part of the U4C building committee, which needs people who are:

* Community members in good standing
* Knowledgeable about movement community processes, such as, but not limited to, policy drafting, participatory decision making, and application of existing rules and policies on Wikimedia projects
* Aware and appreciative of the diversity of the movement, such as, but not limited to, languages spoken, identity, geography, and project type
* Committed to participate for the entire U4C Building Committee period from mid-May - December 2023
* Comfortable with engaging in difficult, but productive conversations
* Confidently able to communicate in English

The Building Committee shall consist of volunteer community members, affiliate board or staff, and Wikimedia Foundation staff.

The Universal Code of Conduct has been a process strengthened by the skills and knowledge of the community and I look forward to what the U4C Building Committee creates. If you are interested in joining the Building Committee, please either [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee/Nominations|sign up on the Meta-Wiki page]], or contact ucocproject[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org by May 12, 2023. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read more on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Best regards,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:Xeno (WMF)|Xeno (WMF)]] 19:00, 26 Mata 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Xeno (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=24941045 --&gt;

== Global ban proposal for Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. If this is not the proper place to post, please move it somewhere more appropriate. {{int:Please-translate}}
There is an on-going discussion about a proposal that Piermark/House of Yahweh/HoY be globally banned from editing all Wikimedia projects. You are invited to participate at [[:m:Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark|Requests for comment/Global ban for Piermark]] on Meta-Wiki. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[User:Unite together|U.T.]] ([[User talk:Unite together|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 12:36, 4 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:1234qwer1234qwer4@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Requests_for_comment/Global_ban_for_Piermark/Invitations/AN2&amp;oldid=24980083 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Selection of the U4C Building Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The next stage in the Universal Code of Conduct process is establishing a Building Committee to create the charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C). The Building Committee has been selected. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/U4C_Building_Committee|Read about the members and the work ahead on Meta-wiki]].&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Project|UCoC Project Team]], 04:20, 27 Gicurasi 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25018085 --&gt;

== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2023 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Dear Wikimedians,
[[File:WPWP_logo_1.png|right|150px|frameless]]
We are glad to inform you that the 2023 edition of Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos campaign is coming up in July.

This is a formal invitation to invite individuals and communities to join the campaign to help improve Wikipedia articles with photos and other relevant media files.

If you're interested in participating, please find your community or community closer to you to participate from the [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/Participating Communities|Participating Communities]] page. If you're organizer, please add your community or Affiliate to the page.

The campaign primarily aims to promote using images from Wikimedia Commons to enrich Wikipedia articles. Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photos, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years. In this edition of the campaign, eligibility criteria have been revised based on feedback and campaign Evaluation Reports of the previous editions. Please find more [[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023/FAQ and Contest Rules|details about these changes and our FAQ on Meta-Wiki]]

For more information, please visit the '''[[:m:Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2023|campaign page on Meta-Wiki]]'''.

Kind regards,

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos International Team. 

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:25, 7 Kamena 2023 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Ammarpad@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&amp;oldid=23360272 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Announcing the new Elections Committee members&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections committee/Nominatons/2023/Announcement - new members}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello there, 

We are glad to announce [[listarchive:list/wikimedia-l@lists.wikimedia.org/message/4TALOUFPAP2VDBR27GKRVOP7IGQYU3DB/|the new members and advisors of the Elections Committee]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee|Elections Committee]] assists with the design and implementation of the process to select Community- and Affiliate-Selected trustees for the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees. After an open nomination process, the strongest candidates spoke with the Board and four candidates were asked to join the Elections Committee. Four other candidates were asked to participate as advisors. 

Thank you to all the community members who submitted their names for consideration. We look forward to working with the Elections Committee in the near future.

On behalf of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:00, 28 Kamena 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25018085 --&gt;

== MinT Machine Translation added to your Wikipedia ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{int:Hello}}!
 
Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{int:Please help translate}} to your language.

The WMF Language team has added another machine translation (MT) system for [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation Content Translation] in your Wikipedia called MinT; you can use [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content_translation/Machine_Translation/MinT MinT machine translation] when translating Wikipedia articles using the Content and Section Translation tool.
 
The WMF Language team provides the MinT service. It is hosted in the Wikimedia Foundation Infrastructure with [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_machine_translation neural machine translation] models that other organizations have released with an open-source license. MinT integrates translation based on [https://ai.facebook.com/research/no-language-left-behind/ NLLB-200], [https://opus.nlpl.eu/ OpusMT], [https://ai4bharat.iitm.ac.in/indic-trans2 IndicTrans2] and [https://github.com/Softcatala/nmt-models Softcatalà].  This MT is set as optional in your Wikipedia. Still, you can choose not to use it by selecting &quot;Start with empty paragraph&quot; from the &quot;Initial Translation&quot; dropdown menu.
 
Since MinT is hosted in the WMF Infrastructure and the models are open source, it adheres to Wikipedia's policies about attribution of rights, your privacy as a user and brand representation. You can find more information about the MinT machine translation and the models on [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Content%20translation/Machine%20Translation/MinT this page].
 
Please note that the use of the MinT MT is not compulsory. However, we would want your community to:
*use it to improve the quality of the Machine Translation service
*[https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Talk:Content_translation provide feedback] about its quality, and '''if you prefer the MinT machine translation as default in your Wikipedia'''.
 
We trust that introducing this MT is a good support to the Content Translation tool.
 
Thank you!
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[User talk:UOzurumba (WMF)|ibiganiro byanjye]]) 22:02, 4 Nyakanga 2023 (UTC) On behalf of the WMF Language team.
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_MinT_announcement_list_2&amp;oldid=25258883 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt; 
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee/Announcement - Review}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Hello all,

I am pleased to share the next step in the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct|Universal Code of Conduct]] work. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) draft charter]] is now ready for your review. 

The [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal Code of Conduct/Enforcement guidelines|Enforcement Guidelines]] require a [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4.5_U4C_Building_Committee|Building Committee]] form to draft a charter that outlines procedures and details for a global committee to be called the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines#4._UCoC_Coordinating_Committee_(U4C)|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]]. Over the past few months, the U4C Building Committee worked together as a group to discuss and draft the U4C charter. The U4C Building Committee welcomes feedback about the draft charter now through 22 September 2023. After that date, the U4C Building Committee will revise the charter as needed and a community vote will open shortly afterward.

Join the conversation during the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/U4C Building Committee#Conversation hours|conversation hours]] or on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Meta-wiki]].

Best,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]], on behalf of the U4C Building Committee, 15:35, 28 Kanama 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25392152 --&gt;

== Your wiki will be in read-only soon ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-translate-fuzzy&quot;&gt;Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa&lt;/span&gt; Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora Mu kureba ko ibikorwa byose bizaba bizakomeza, abashinzwe ikoranabuhanga muri wikimediya barashaka gukora igerageza. Iri gerageza rizabafasha kumenya niba bashoboora guhindura imiyoboro rusange. Bizasaba amakipe benshi kwitegura iri geragezwa ndetse no kuba biteguye gukemura ikibazo cyose gishobora kuvuka 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2023-09-20|en}}'''.&lt;/span&gt; Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

*Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;There will be more notifications about this.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|talk]]) 09:24, 15 Nzeri 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=25018086 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;== Opportunities open for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission, and the Case Review Committee  ==&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin:.2em 0 .5em;margin-{{#switch:{{PAGELANGUAGE}}|ar|arc|ary|arz|azb|bcc|bgn|ckb|bqi|dv|fa|fa-af|glk|ha-arab|he|kk-arab|kk-cn|ks|ku-arab|ms-arab|mzn|pnb|prd|ps|sd|ug|ur|ydd|yi=right|left}}:3ex;&quot;&gt;
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|''You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.'']]

''&lt;span class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments/Announcement/Short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/span&gt;''&lt;/div&gt;

Hi everyone! The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee]] (AffCom), [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission]] (OC), and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Trust_and_Safety/Case_Review_Committee|Case Review Committee]] (CRC) are looking for new members. These volunteer groups provide important structural and oversight support for the community and movement. People are encouraged to nominate themselves or encourage others they feel would contribute to these groups to apply. There is more information about the roles of the groups, the skills needed, and the opportunity to apply on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Legal department/Committee appointments|'''Meta-wiki page''']]. 

On behalf of the Committee Support team,&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
~ [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 16:41, 9 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25570445 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Review and comment on the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Rules package review - short}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all, 

Please review and comment on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection rules package from now until 29 October 2023. The selection rules package was based on older versions by the Elections Committee and will be used in the 2024 Board of Trustees selection. Providing your comments now will help them provide a smoother, better Board selection process. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|More on the Meta-wiki page]].

Best,

Katie Chan &lt;br&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

01:13, 17 Ukwakira 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25570445 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: Reference Previews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Example_of_a_Reference_Preview.png|right|300px]]
A new feature is coming to your wiki soon: Reference Previews are popups for references. Such popups have existed on wikis as local gadgets for many years.  Now there is a central solution, available on all wikis, and consistent with the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Page Previews|PagePreviews feature]].

Reference Previews will be visible to everyone, including readers. If you don’t want to see them, [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews#Opt-out feature|you can opt out]]. If you are [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-gadgets|using the gadgets]] Reference Tooltips or Navigation Popups, you won’t see Reference Previews unless you disable the gadget.

Reference Previews have been a beta feature on many wikis since 2019, and a default feature on some since 2021. Deployment is planned for November 22. 

* [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Help page]] 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|Project page with more information (in English)]]. 
* Feedback is welcome [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/ReferencePreviews|on this talk page]]. 
-- For [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Wikimedia Deutschland’s Technical Wishes]] team,
&lt;section end=&quot;ReferencePreviewsDefault&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)|Johanna Strodt (WMDE)]], 13:11, 15 Ugushyingo 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johanna Strodt (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=25866958 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;(New) Feature on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:Kartographer|Kartographer]]: Adding geopoints via QID&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;Since September 2022, it is possible to create geopoints using a QID. Many wiki contributors have asked for this feature, but it is not being used much. Therefore, we would like to remind you about it. More information can be found on the [[M:WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|project page]]. If you have any comments, please let us know on the [[M:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Geoinformation/Geopoints via QID|talk page]]. – Best regards, the team of Technical Wishes at Wikimedia Deutschland
&lt;section end=&quot;Body&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[M:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)|Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]] 12:31, 13 Ukuboza 2023 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=25955829 --&gt;

== Do you use Wikidata in Wikimedia sibling projects? Tell us about your experiences ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''Note: Apologies for cross-posting and sending in English.''

Hello, the '''[[m:WD4WMP|Wikidata for Wikimedia Projects]]''' team at Wikimedia Deutschland would like to hear about your experiences using Wikidata in the sibling projects. If you are interested in sharing your opinion and insights, please consider signing up for an interview with us in this '''[https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/Wikidata-for-Wikimedia-Interviews Registration form]'''.&lt;br&gt; 
''Currently, we are only able to conduct interviews in English.''

The front page of the form has more details about what the conversation will be like, including how we would '''compensate''' you for your time.

For more information, visit our ''[[m:WD4WMP/AddIssue|project issue page]]'' where you can also share your experiences in written form, without an interview.&lt;br&gt;We look forward to speaking with you, [[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|talk]]) 08:53, 5 January 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/WD4WMP/ScreenerInvite&amp;oldid=26027495 --&gt;

== Reusing references: Can we look over your shoulder? ==

''Apologies for writing in English.''

The Technical Wishes team at Wikimedia Deutschland is planning to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Reusing references|make reusing references easier]]. For our research, we are looking for wiki contributors willing to show us how they are interacting with references.

* The format will be a 1-hour video call, where you would share your screen. [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ More information here].
* Interviews can be conducted in English, German or Dutch.
* [[mw:WMDE_Engineering/Participate_in_UX_Activities#Compensation|Compensation is available]].
* Sessions will be held in January and February.
* [https://wikimedia.sslsurvey.de/User-research-into-Reusing-References-Sign-up-Form-2024/en/ Sign up here if you are interested.]
* Please note that we probably won’t be able to have sessions with everyone who is interested. Our UX researcher will try to create a good balance of wiki contributors, e.g. in terms of wiki experience, tech experience, editing preferences, gender, disability and more. If you’re a fit, she will reach out to you to schedule an appointment.

We’re looking forward to seeing you, [[m:User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)| Thereza Mengs (WMDE)]]
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Thereza Mengs (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=WMDE_Technical_Wishes/Technical_Wishes_News_list_all_village_pumps&amp;oldid=25956752 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2024 ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2024 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2023, to March 31, 2023 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2024/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2024|Feminism and Folklore 2024 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Mutarama 2024 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|Wiki Loves Folklore 2024]]''' an international photography contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2024 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2024|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''

-- [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 07:26, 18 Mutarama 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=23942484 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to announce that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) Charter is now open. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]] now through '''2 February 2024'''. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C Charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:08, 19 Mutarama 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25853527 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Last days to vote on the Charter for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - voting reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello all,

I am reaching out to you today to remind you that the voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) charter will close on '''2 February 2024'''. Community members may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|cast their vote and provide comments about the charter via SecurePoll]]. Those of you who voiced your opinions during the development of the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|UCoC Enforcement Guidelines]] will find this process familiar.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|current version of the U4C charter]] is on Meta-wiki with translations available. 

Read the charter, go vote and share this note with others in your community. I can confidently say the U4C Building Committee looks forward to your participation.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 17:00, 31 Mutarama 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=25853527 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the results of the UCoC Coordinating Committee Charter ratification vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:wiki/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

Thank you everyone for following the progress of the Universal Code of Conduct. I am writing to you today to announce the outcome of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter/Voter_information|ratification vote]] on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee Charter]]. 1746 contributors voted in this ratification vote with 1249 voters supporting the Charter and 420 voters not. The ratification vote process allowed for voters to provide comments about the Charter. 

A report of voting statistics and a summary of voter comments will be published on Meta-wiki in the coming weeks.

Please look forward to hearing about the next steps soon.

On behalf of the UCoC Project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 18:23, 12 Gashyantare 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26160150 --&gt;

== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024: We are back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2024 general.jpg|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the forth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2024|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from 1st until 31st March 2024. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contribution in every language! The most active contesters will receive prizes.&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/UCDM 2024|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|ValentynNefedov (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ValentynNefedov (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=26166467 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Report of the U4C Charter ratification and U4C Call for Candidates now available&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

I am writing to you today with two important pieces of information. First, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter/Vote results|report of the comments from the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter ratification]] is now available. Secondly, the call for candidates for the U4C is open now through April 1, 2024.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members are invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Per the charter, there are 16 seats on the U4C: eight community-at-large seats and eight regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 16:25, 5 werurwe 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26276337 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2024 Selection&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
: ''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement| You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]]''
: ''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;''
Dear all,

This year, the term of 4 (four) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections committee|Elections Committee]] will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Board Governance Committee created a Board Selection Working Group from Trustees who cannot be candidates in the 2024 community- and affiliate-selected trustee selection process composed of Dariusz Jemielniak, Nataliia Tymkiv, Esra'a Al Shafei, Kathy Collins, and Shani Evenstein Sigalov [3]. The group is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2024 trustee selection process, and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4]. 

Here are the key planned dates:

*  May 2024: Call for candidates and call for questions
*  June 2024: Affiliates vote to shortlist 12 candidates (no shortlisting if 15 or less candidates apply) [5]
*  June-August 2024: Campaign period
*  End of August / beginning of September 2024: Two-week community voting period
*  October–November 2024: Background check of selected candidates
*  Board's Meeting in December 2024: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2024 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|this Meta-wiki page]], and make your plan.

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2024 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Election Volunteers|Meta-wiki page]].

Best regards,

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Pundit|Dariusz Jemielniak]] (Governance Committee Chair, Board Selection Working Group)

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2021/Results#Elected

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Minutes:2023-08-15#Governance_Committee

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] Even though the ideal number is 12 candidates for 4 open seats, the shortlisting process will be triggered if there are more than 15 candidates because the 1-3 candidates that are removed might feel ostracized and it would be a lot of work for affiliates to carry out the shortlisting process to only eliminate 1-3 candidates from the candidate list.&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]]19:57, 12 werurwe 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26349432 --&gt;

== Your wiki will be in read-only soon ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

&lt;span class=&quot;mw-translate-fuzzy&quot;&gt;Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa&lt;/span&gt; Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-03-20|en}}'''.&lt;/span&gt; Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

*Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;There will be more notifications about this.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; '''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]], 00:01, 15 werurwe 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=25636619 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to select members of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through May 9, 2024. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 20:20, 25 Mata 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Sign up for the language community meeting on May 31st, 16:00 UTC&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;Hello all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks - May 31st at 16:00 UTC. If you're interested, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings#31_May_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This is a participant-driven meeting, where we share language-specific updates related to various projects, collectively discuss technical issues related to language wikis, and work together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, the topics included the machine translation service (MinT) and the languages and models it currently supports, localization efforts from the Kiwix team, and technical challenges with numerical sorting in files used on Bengali Wikisource.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates related to your project? Any problems that you would like to bring for discussion during the meeting? Do you need interpretation support from English to another language? Please reach out to me at ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org and [[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-may-2024|add agenda items to the document here]].

We look forward to your participation!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:22, 14 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt; Feedback invited on Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle/Invitation for feedback (MM)}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

[[File:Sibling Project Lifecycle Conversation 3.png|150px|right|link=:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]

Dear community members,

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee]] (CAC) of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees|Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees]] invites you to give feedback on a '''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle|draft Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle]]'''. This draft Procedure outlines proposed steps and requirements for opening and closing Wikimedia Sibling Projects, and aims to ensure any newly approved projects are set up for success. This is separate from the procedures for opening or closing language versions of projects, which is handled by the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Language committee|Language Committee]] or [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Closing_projects_policy|closing projects policy]]. 

You can find the details on [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Procedure for Sibling Project Lifecycle#Review|this page]], as well as the ways to give your feedback from today until the end of the day on '''June 23, 2024''', anywhere on Earth. 

You can also share information about this with the interested project communities you work with or support, and you can also help us translate the procedure into more languages, so people can join the discussions in their own language.

On behalf of the CAC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:25, 22 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== Administrator ==
This wiki is in really bad shape. I'd like to ask for administrator rights so I can delete the spam and garbage on this wiki. Since there are no active administrators, tagging spam pages will not result in a quick removal. Thank you.
[[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 14:11, 23 Gicurasi 2024 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the first Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024/Announcement – results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote results. We are following up with the results of the first [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) election]]. 

We are pleased to announce the following individuals as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a two-year term:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** –
* Northern and Western Europe
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ghilt|Ghilt]]
* Latin America and Caribbean
** –
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
** —
* Sub-Saharan Africa
** –
* Middle East and North Africa
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Ibrahim.ID|Ibrahim.ID]]
* East, South East Asia and Pacific (ESEAP)
** [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:0xDeadbeef|0xDeadbeef]]
* South Asia
** –

The following individuals are elected to be community-at-large members of the U4C, fulfilling a one-year term:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Barkeep49|Barkeep49]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Superpes15|Superpes15]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Civvì|Civvì]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:Luke081515|Luke081515]]
* –
* –
* –
* –

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. Follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-wiki]].

On behalf of the UCoC project team,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:15, 3 Kamena 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== Invitation to participate in the #WPWPCampaign 2024 ==

Dear community members,

We are inviting you to participate in the Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024 campaign, a global contest scheduled to run from July through August 2024:

Participants will choose among Wikipedia pages without photo images, then add a suitable file from among the many thousands of photos in the Wikimedia Commons, especially those uploaded from thematic contests (Wiki Loves Africa, Wiki Loves Earth, Wiki Loves Folklore, etc.) over the years.

In its first year (2020), 36 Wikimedia communities in 27 countries joined the campaign. Events relating to the campaign included training organized by at least 18 Wikimedia communities in 14 countries.

The campaign resulted in the addition of media files (photos, audios and videos) to more than 90,000 Wikipedia articles in 272 languages.

Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos (WPWP) offers an ideal task for recruiting and guiding new editors through the steps of adding content to existing pages. Besides individual participation, the WPWP campaign can be used by user groups and chapters to organize editing workshops and edit-a-thons.

The organizing team is looking for a contact person to coordinate WPWP participation your language Wikipedia. We’d be glad for you to sign up directly at [[:meta:Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos_2024/Participating_Communities|WPWP Participating Communities page]] on Meta-Wiki.

Thank you,

[[:w:en:User:Reading Beans|Reading Beans]]  / readthebeans{{@}}gmail.com)&lt;br/&gt;
Project manager and coordinator&lt;br/&gt;
Wikipedia Pages Wanting Photos 2024
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Ammarpad@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_Pages_Wanting_Photos/Distribution_list&amp;oldid=26836490 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;The final text of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now on Meta&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final draft available}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hi everyone,

The final text of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] is now up on Meta in more than 20 languages for your reading.

'''What is the Wikimedia Movement Charter?'''

The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a proposed document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

'''Join the Wikimedia Movement Charter “Launch Party”'''

Join the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Movement Charter Launch Party|“Launch Party”]] on '''June 20, 2024''' at '''14.00-15.00 UTC''' ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1718892000 your local time]). During this call, we will celebrate the release of the final Charter and present the content of the Charter. Join and learn about the Charter before casting your vote.

'''Movement Charter ratification vote'''

Voting will commence on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC.''' You can read more about the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voting process, eligibility criteria, and other details]] on Meta.

If you have any questions, please leave a comment on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter|Meta talk page]] or email the MCDC at [mailto:mcdc@wikimedia.org mcdc@wikimedia.org].

On behalf of the MCDC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 08:44, 11 Kamena 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26390244 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is now open – cast your vote&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Ratification vote opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

The voting to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|'''Wikimedia Movement Charter''']] is now open. The Wikimedia Movement Charter is a document to define roles and responsibilities for all the members and entities of the Wikimedia movement, including the creation of a new body – the Global Council – for movement governance.

The final version of the Wikimedia Movement Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|available on Meta in different languages]] and attached [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wikimedia_Movement_Charter_(June_2024).pdf here in PDF format] for your reading.

Voting commenced on SecurePoll on '''June 25, 2024''' at '''00:01 UTC''' and will conclude on '''July 9, 2024''' at '''23:59 UTC'''. Please read more on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting|voter information and eligibility details]].

After reading the Charter, please [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|'''vote here''']] and share this note further.

If you have any questions about the ratification vote, please contact the Charter Electoral Commission at [mailto:cec@wikimedia.org '''cec@wikimedia.org'''].

On behalf of the CEC,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 10:52, 25 Kamena 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;

== Ubuyobozi ==
Hello, I am requesting renewal of my administrator rights on this Wiki project so I can continue helping with vandalism. Murakoze. [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 13:12, 1 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Voting to ratify the Wikimedia Movement Charter is ending soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Final reminder}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

This is a kind reminder that the voting period to ratify the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] will be closed on '''July 9, 2024''', at '''23:59 UTC'''.

If you have not voted yet, please vote [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/398|on SecurePoll]]. 

On behalf of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement_Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral_Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]],&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 03:45, 8 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;U4C Special Election - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

A special election has been called to fill additional vacancies on the U4C. The call for candidates phase is open from now through July 19, 2024.

The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the [[:foundation:Wikimedia Foundation Universal Code of Conduct|UCoC]]. Community members are invited to submit their applications in the special election for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please review the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|U4C Charter]].

In this special election, according to [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#2. Elections and Terms|chapter 2 of the U4C charter]], there are 9 seats available on the U4C: '''four''' community-at-large seats and '''five''' regional seats to ensure the U4C represents the diversity of the movement. [[Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter#5. Glossary|No more than two members of the U4C can be elected from the same home wiki]]. Therefore, candidates must not have English Wikipedia, German Wikipedia, or Italian Wikipedia as their home wiki.

Read more and submit your application on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Meta-wiki]].

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:03, 10 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Movement Charter ratification voting results&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Movement Charter/Drafting Committee/Announcement - Results of the ratification vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''
Hello everyone,

After carefully tallying both individual and affiliate votes, the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter/Ratification/Voting#Electoral Commission|Charter Electoral Commission]] is pleased to announce the final results of the Wikimedia Movement Charter voting.  

As [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Movement Charter#Thank you for your participation in the Movement Charter ratification vote!|communicated]] by the Charter Electoral Commission, we reached the quorum for both Affiliate and individual votes by the time the vote closed on '''July 9, 23:59 UTC'''. We thank all 2,451 individuals and 129 Affiliate representatives who voted in the ratification process. Your votes and comments are invaluable for the future steps in Movement Strategy.

The final results of the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Movement Charter|Wikimedia Movement Charter]] ratification voting held between 25 June and 9 July 2024 are as follows: 

'''Individual vote:'''

Out of 2,451 individuals who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 2,446 have been accepted as valid votes. Among these, '''1,710''' voted “yes”; '''623''' voted “no”; and '''113''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 73.30% voted to approve the Charter (1710/2333), while 26.70% voted to reject the Charter (623/2333).

'''Affiliates vote:'''

Out of 129 Affiliates designated voters who voted as of July 9 23:59 (UTC), 129 votes are confirmed as valid votes. Among these, '''93''' voted “yes”; '''18''' voted “no”; and '''18''' selected “–” (neutral). Because the neutral votes don’t count towards the total number of votes cast, 83.78% voted to approve the Charter (93/111), while 16.22% voted to reject the Charter (18/111).

'''Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation:'''

The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees voted '''not to ratify''' the proposed Charter during their special Board meeting on July 8, 2024. The Chair of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees, Nataliia Tymkiv, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Board_noticeboard/Board_resolution_and_vote_on_the_proposed_Movement_Charter|shared the result of the vote, the resolution, meeting minutes and proposed next steps]].  

With this, the Wikimedia Movement Charter in its current revision is '''not ratified'''.

We thank you for your participation in this important moment in our movement’s governance.

The Charter Electoral Commission,

[[m:User:Abhinav619|Abhinav619]], [[m:User:Borschts|Borschts]], [[m:User:Iwuala Lucy|Iwuala Lucy]], [[m:User:Tochiprecious|Tochiprecious]], [[m:User:Der-Wir-Ing|Der-Wir-Ing]]&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:52, 18 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – voting opens}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

I am writing to you to let you know the voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is open now through '''August 10, 2024'''. Read the information on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|voting page on Meta-wiki]] to learn more about voting and voter eligibility.

The Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community members were invited to submit their applications for the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, please [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 02:48, 27 Nyakanga 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=26989444 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder! Vote closing soon to fill vacancies of the first U4C&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement – reminder to vote}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

The voting period for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) is closing soon. It is open through 10 August 2024. Read the information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2024_Special_Election#Voting|the voting page on Meta-wiki to learn more about voting and voter eligibility]]. If you are eligible to vote and have not voted in this special election, it is important that you vote now.

'''Why should you vote?''' The U4C is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. Community input into the committee membership is critical to the success of the UCoC.

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 15:31, 6 Kanama 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27183190 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Coming soon: A new sub-referencing feature – try it!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|{{#ifeq:{{#dir}}|ltr|right|left}}|400px]]
Hello. For many years, community members have requested an easy way to re-use references with different details. Now, a MediaWiki solution is coming: The new sub-referencing feature will work for wikitext and Visual Editor and will enhance the existing reference system. You can continue to use different ways of referencing, but you will probably encounter sub-references in articles written by other users. More information on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|the project page]].

'''We want your feedback''' to make sure this feature works well for you:

* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Test|Please try]] the current state of development on beta wiki and [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|let us know what you think]]. 
* [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Sign-up|Sign up here]] to get updates and/or invites to participate in user research activities.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes]] team is planning to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We will reach out to creators/maintainers of tools and templates related to references beforehand.

Please help us spread the message. --[[m:User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[m:User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]]) 10:36, 19 August 2024 (UTC)
&lt;section end=&quot;Sub-referencing&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&amp;oldid=27309345 --&gt;

== Sign up for the language community meeting on August 30th, 15:00 UTC ==

Hi all,

The next language community meeting is scheduled in a few weeks—on August 30th at 15:00 UTC. If you're interested in joining, you can [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#30_August_2024 sign up on this wiki page].

This participant-driven meeting will focus on sharing language-specific updates related to various projects, discussing technical issues related to language wikis, and working together to find possible solutions. For example, in the last meeting, topics included the Language Converter, the state of language research, updates on the Incubator conversations, and technical challenges around external links not working with special characters on Bengali sites.

Do you have any ideas for topics to share technical updates or discuss challenges? Please add agenda items to the document [https://etherpad.wikimedia.org/p/language-community-meeting-aug-2024 here] and reach out to ssethi(__AT__)wikimedia.org. We look forward to your participation!

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 23:19, 22 Kanama 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27183190 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Announcing the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/board-elections@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/OKCCN2CANIH2K7DXJOL2GPVDFWL27R7C/ Original message at wikimedia-l]. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results|You can find this message translated into additional languages on Meta-wiki.]] [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Announcement - results}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Hello all,

The scrutineers have finished reviewing the vote and the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Elections Committee|Elections Committee]] have certified the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election/Results|results]] for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2024 Special Election|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) special election]].

I am pleased to announce the following individual as regional members of the U4C, who will fulfill a term until 15 June 2026:

* North America (USA and Canada)
** Ajraddatz

The following seats were not filled during this special election:

* Latin America and Caribbean
* Central and East Europe (CEE)
* Sub-Saharan Africa
* South Asia
* The four remaining Community-At-Large seats

Thank you again to everyone who participated in this process and much appreciation to the candidates for your leadership and dedication to the Wikimedia movement and community.

Over the next few weeks, the U4C will begin meeting and planning the 2024-25 year in supporting the implementation and review of the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines. You can follow their work on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Meta-Wiki]].

On behalf of the U4C and the Elections Committee,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:RamzyM (WMF)|RamzyM (WMF)]] 14:06, 2 Nzeri 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27183190 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: Vote for the 2024 Board of Trustees!&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. There are twelve (12) candidates running for four (4) seats on the Board.

Learn more about the candidates by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024/Candidates|reading their statements]] and their [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Questions_for_candidates|answers to community questions]].

When you are ready, go to the [[Special:SecurePoll/vote/400|SecurePoll]] voting page to vote. '''The vote is open from September 3rd at 00:00 UTC to September 17th at 23:59 UTC'''.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Voter_eligibility_guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:14, 3 Nzeri 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27183190 --&gt;

== wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

Fondasiyo ya wikimediya izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2024-09-25|rw}}'''. Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

*Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[User:Trizek_(WMF)|Trizek_(WMF)]], 09:37, 20 Nzeri 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=27248326 --&gt;

== 'Wikidata item' link is moving. Find out where... ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Apologies for cross-posting in English. Please consider translating this message.&lt;/i&gt;{{tracked|T66315}}

Hello everyone, a small change will soon be coming to the user-interface of your Wikimedia project.
The [[d:Q16222597|Wikidata item]] [[w:|sitelink]] currently found under the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''General''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section of the '''Tools''' sidebar menu will move into the &lt;span style=&quot;color: #54595d;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;''In Other Projects''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt; section.

We would like the Wiki communities feedback so please let us know or ask questions on the   [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Discussion page]] before we enable the change which can take place October 4 2024, circa 15:00 UTC+2.
More information can be found on [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|the project page]].&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;We welcome your feedback and questions.&lt;br&gt; [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 18:56, 27 Nzeri 2024 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&amp;oldid=27524260 --&gt;


== Icyifuzo cy'ubuyobozi ==

Ndashaka gusaba kuba umuyobozi kuri iyi Wikipedia. Nindamuka ndi umuyobozi, nzakingira imbuga, nkureho ubutumwa bwa spam, nkureho abantu baza bafite intego zo gusenya umuryango wacu.

  '''English'''
I would like to request for regular and interface adminship. I would like to protect pages, create (and sometimes import) modules and templates, edit CSS and JSON pages (I have basic knowledge of this), few to mention. If anyone disagrees or agrees with this, please say so below.
-[[Umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|talk]]) 14:12, 28 Nzeri 2024 (UTC)
=== Nemeranya nawe (Agree) ===
'''Inkunga''' it seems good to me. [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 14:36, 28 Nzeri 2024 (UTC)

=== Sinemeranya nawe (Disagree) ===
=== Ibisubizo (Results) ===
-- [[Umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|talk]])

== Invitation to Participate in Wiki Loves Ramadan Community Engagement Survey ==

Dear all,

Apologies for writing in English. Please help to translate in your language.
We are excited to announce the upcoming [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan|Wiki Loves Ramadan]] event, a global initiative aimed at celebrating Ramadan by enriching Wikipedia and its sister projects with content related to this significant time of year. As we plan to organize this event globally, your insights and experiences are crucial in shaping the best possible participation experience for the community.

To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is engaging, inclusive, and impactful, we kindly invite you to participate in our community engagement survey. Your feedback will help us understand the needs of the community, set the event's focus, and guide our strategies for organizing this global event.

Survey link: https://forms.gle/f66MuzjcPpwzVymu5

Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will make a difference!

Thank you for being a part of our journey to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success.


Warm regards,

User:ZI Jony 03:20, 6 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC)

Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=27510935 --&gt;

== Administrator access ==
Hello, I am requesting renewal of the administrator right on this wiki so I can continue removing vandalism and spam. Murakoze! [[Umukoresha:Ternera|Ternera]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ternera|talk]]) 14:01, 9 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC)

=== Nemeranya nawe (Agree) ===
* '''Support''' - keep doing good work protecting this wiki. --[[Umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|Tumbuka Arch]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Tumbuka Arch|talk]]) 07:11, 13 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC) 
=== Sinemeranya nawe (Disagree) ===
=== Ibisubizo (Results) ===

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Preliminary results of the 2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees elections&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

Thank you to everyone who participated in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2024|2024 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees election]]. Close to 6000 community members from more than 180 wiki projects have voted.

The following four candidates were the most voted:

# [[User:Kritzolina|Christel Steigenberger]]
# [[User:Nadzik|Maciej Artur Nadzikiewicz]]
# [[User:Victoria|Victoria Doronina]]
# [[User:Laurentius|Lorenzo Losa]]

While these candidates have been ranked through the vote, they still need to be appointed to the Board of Trustees. They need to pass a successful background check and meet the qualifications outlined in the Bylaws. New trustees will be appointed at the next Board meeting in December 2024.

[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2024/Results|Learn more about the results on Meta-Wiki.]]

Best regards,

The Elections Committee and Board Selection Working Group

&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[User:MPossoupe_(WMF)|MPossoupe_(WMF)]] 08:25, 14 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MPossoupe (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27183190 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations_Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds_commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on 16 October 2024. Applications for the Affiliations Committee close on 18 November 2024, and applications for the Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on 2 December 2024. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation/Legal/Committee_appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email [mailto:cst@wikimedia.org cst@wikimedia.org] with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:08, 16 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27601062 --&gt;

== 'Wikidata item' link is moving, finally. ==

Hello everyone, I previously wrote on the 27th September to advise that the ''Wikidata item'' sitelink will change places in the sidebar menu, moving from the '''General''' section into the '''In Other Projects''' section. The scheduled rollout date of 04.10.2024 was delayed due to a necessary request for Mobile/MinervaNeue skin. I am happy to inform that the global rollout can now proceed and will occur later today, 22.10.2024 at 15:00 UTC-2. [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Projects/Move_Wikidata_item_link|Please let us know]] if you notice any problems or bugs after this change. There should be no need for null-edits or purging cache for the changes to occur. Kind regards, -[[m:User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 11:28, 22 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&amp;oldid=27535421 --&gt;

== Final Reminder: Join us in Making Wiki Loves Ramadan Success ==

Dear all,

We’re thrilled to announce the Wiki Loves Ramadan event, a global initiative to celebrate Ramadan by enhancing Wikipedia and its sister projects with valuable content related to this special time of year. As we organize this event globally, we need your valuable input to make it a memorable experience for the community.

Last Call to Participate in Our Survey: To ensure that Wiki Loves Ramadan is inclusive and impactful, we kindly request you to complete our community engagement survey. Your feedback will shape the event’s focus and guide our organizing strategies to better meet community needs.

* Survey Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSffN4prPtR5DRSq9nH-t1z8hG3jZFBbySrv32YoxV8KbTwxig/viewform?usp=sf_link Complete the Survey]
* Deadline: November 10, 2024
Please take a few minutes to share your thoughts. Your input will truly make a difference!

'''Volunteer Opportunity''': Join the Wiki Loves Ramadan Team! We’re seeking dedicated volunteers for key team roles essential to the success of this initiative. If you’re interested in volunteer roles, we invite you to apply.
* Application Link: [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfXiox_eEDH4yJ0gxVBgtL7jPe41TINAWYtpNp1JHSk8zhdgw/viewform?usp=sf_link Apply Here]
* Application Deadline: October 31, 2024
Explore Open Positions: For a detailed list of roles and their responsibilities, please refer to the position descriptions here: [https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oy0_tilC6kow5GGf6cEuFvdFpekcubCqJlaxkxh-jT4/ Position Descriptions]

Thank you for being part of this journey. We look forward to working together to make Wiki Loves Ramadan a success!


Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
The Wiki Loves Ramadan Organizing Team 05:12, 29 Ukwakira 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=27568454 --&gt;

== Sign up for the language community meeting on November 29th, 16:00 UTC ==

Hello everyone,

The next language community meeting is coming up next week, on November 29th, at 16:00 UTC (Zonestamp! For your timezone &lt;https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1732896000&gt;). If you're interested in joining, you can sign up on this wiki page: &lt;https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#29_November_2024&gt;.

This participant-driven meeting will be organized by the Wikimedia Foundation’s Language Product Localization team and the Language Diversity Hub. There will be presentations on topics like developing language keyboards, the creation of the Moore Wikipedia, and the language support track at Wiki Indaba. We will also have members from the Wayuunaiki community joining us to share their experiences with the Incubator and as a new community within our movement. This meeting will have a Spanish interpretation.

Looking forward to seeing you at the language community meeting! Cheers, [[User:SSethi (WMF)|Srishti]] 19:54, 21 Ugushyingo 2024 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27746256 --&gt;

== Launching! Join Us for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025! ==

Dear All,

We’re happy to announce the launch of [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]], an annual international campaign dedicated to celebrating and preserving Islamic cultures and history through the power of Wikipedia. As an active contributor to the Local Wikipedia, you are specially invited to participate in the launch. 

This year’s campaign will be launched for you to join us write, edit, and improve articles that showcase the richness and diversity of Islamic traditions, history, and culture.

* Topic: [[m:Event:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 Campaign Launch]]
* When: Jan 19, 2025 
* Time: 16:00 Universal Time UTC and runs throughout Ramadan (starting February 25, 2025).
* Join Zoom Meeting: https://us02web.zoom.us/j/88420056597?pwd=NdrpqIhrwAVPeWB8FNb258n7qngqqo.1 
* Zoom meeting hosted by [[m:Wikimedia Bangladesh|Wikimedia Bangladesh]]

To get started, visit the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|campaign page]] for details, resources, and guidelines: Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025.

Add [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participant|your community here]], and organized Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 in your local language.

Whether you’re a first-time editor or an experienced Wikipedian, your contributions matter. Together, we can ensure Islamic cultures and traditions are well-represented and accessible to all.

Feel free to invite your community and friends too. Kindly reach out if you have any questions or need support as you prepare to participate.

Let’s make Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 a success!

For the [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Team|International Team]] 12:08, 16 Mutarama 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=27568454 --&gt;

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: provide your comments on the UCoC and Enforcement Guidelines ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 01:11, 24 Mutarama 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=27746256 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2025 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;center&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/center&gt;

Dear Wiki Community,

You are humbly invited to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]]''' writing competition from February 1, 2025, to March 31, 2025 on your local Wikipedia. This year, Feminism and Folklore will focus on feminism, women's issues, and gender-focused topics for the project, with a [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore]] gender gap focus and a folk culture theme on Wikipedia.
 
You can help Wikipedia's coverage of folklore from your area by writing or improving articles about things like folk festivals, folk dances, folk music, women and queer folklore figures, folk game athletes, women in mythology, women warriors in folklore, witches and witch hunting, fairy tales, and more. Users can help create new articles, expand or translate from a generated list of suggested articles.
 
Organisers are requested to work on the following action items to sign up their communities for the project:
# Create a page for the contest on the local wiki.
# Set up a campaign on '''CampWiz''' tool.
# Create the local list and mention the timeline and local and international prizes.
# Request local admins for site notice.
# Link the local page and the CampWiz link on the [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta project page]].

This year, the Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced two new tools to enhance support for the campaign. These tools include the '''Article List Generator by Topic''' and '''CampWiz'''. The Article List Generator by Topic enables users to identify articles on the English Wikipedia that are not present in their native language Wikipedia. Users can customize their selection criteria, and the tool will present a table showcasing the missing articles along with suggested titles. Additionally, users have the option to download the list in both CSV and wikitable formats. Notably, the CampWiz tool will be employed for the project for the first time, empowering users to effectively host the project with a jury. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ '''Click here to access these tools''']

Learn more about the contest and prizes on our [[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|project page]]. Feel free to contact us on our [[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2025/Project Page|meta talk page]] or by email us if you need any assistance.
 
We look forward to your immense coordination.
 
Thank you and Best wishes,

'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025 International Team]]'''

::::Stay connected [[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp; [[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]

&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 Mutarama 2025 (UTC)

== Wiki Loves Folklore is back! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

{{int:please-translate}}

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]

Dear Wiki Community,
You are humbly invited to participate in the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|Wiki Loves Folklore 2025]]''' an international media contest organized on Wikimedia Commons to document folklore and intangible cultural heritage from different regions, including, folk creative activities and many more. It is held every year from the '''1st till the 31st''' of March.

You can help in enriching the folklore documentation on Commons from your region by taking photos, audios, videos, and [https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:UploadWizard&amp;campaign=wlf_2025 submitting] them in this commons contest.

You can also [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Organize|organize a local contest]] in your country and support us in translating the [[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025/Translations|project pages]] to help us spread the word in your native language.

Feel free to contact us on our [[:c:Commons talk:Wiki Loves Folklore 2025|project Talk page]] if you need any assistance. 

'''Kind regards,'''

'''Wiki loves Folklore International Team'''
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:36, 29 Mutarama 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=26503019 --&gt;

== Reminder: first part of the annual UCoC review closes soon ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

This is a reminder that the first phase of the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines will be closing soon. You can make suggestions for changes through [[d:Q614092|the end of day]], 3 February 2025. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. After review of the feedback, proposals for updated text will be published on Meta in March for another round of community review. 

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:48, 3 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28198931 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt; Upcoming Language Community Meeting (Feb 28th, 14:00 UTC) and Newsletter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone!
[[File:WP20Symbols WIKI INCUBATOR.svg|right|frameless|150x150px|alt=An image symbolising multiple languages]]
We’re excited to announce that the next '''Language Community Meeting''' is happening soon, '''February 28th at 14:00 UTC'''! If you’d like to join, simply sign up on the '''[[mw:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization/Community_meetings#28_February_2025|wiki page]]'''.

This is a participant-driven meeting where we share updates on language-related projects, discuss technical challenges in language wikis, and collaborate on solutions. In our last meeting, we covered topics like developing language keyboards, creating the Moore Wikipedia, and updates from the language support track at Wiki Indaba.

'''Got a topic to share?''' Whether it’s a technical update from your project, a challenge you need help with, or a request for interpretation support, we’d love to hear from you! Feel free to '''reply to this message''' or add agenda items to the document '''[[etherpad:p/language-community-meeting-feb-2025|here]]'''.

Also, we wanted to highlight that the sixth edition of the Language &amp; Internationalization newsletter (January 2025) is available here: [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter/2025/January]]. This newsletter provides updates from the October–December 2024 quarter on new feature development, improvements in various language-related technical projects and support efforts, details about community meetings, and ideas for contributing to projects. To stay updated, you can subscribe to the newsletter on its wiki page: [[:mw:Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter|Wikimedia Language and Product Localization/Newsletter]].

We look forward to your ideas and participation at the language community meeting, see you there!
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 08:29, 22 Gashyantare 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:SSethi (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28217779 --&gt;

== Universal Code of Conduct annual review: proposed changes are available for comment ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
My apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}.

I am writing to you to let you know that [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|proposed changes]] to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct (UCoC) Enforcement Guidelines]] and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter]] are open for review. '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/Proposed_Changes|You can provide feedback on suggested changes]]''' through the [[d:Q614092|end of day]] on Tuesday, 18 March 2025. This is the second step in the annual review process, the final step will be community voting on the proposed changes.
[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review|Read more information and find relevant links about the process on the UCoC annual review page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] 18:51, 7 werurwe 2025 (UTC)

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28307738 --&gt;

== An improved dashboard for the Content Translation tool ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
{{Int:hello}} Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language, {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|Language and Product Localization team]] has improved the [https://test.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:ContentTranslation&amp;filter-type=automatic&amp;filter-id=previous-edits&amp;active-list=suggestions&amp;from=en&amp;to=es Content Translation dashboard] to create a consistent experience for all contributors using mobile and desktop devices. The improved translation dashboard allows all logged-in users of the tool to enjoy a consistent experience regardless of their type of device.

With a harmonized experience, logged-in desktop users now have access to the capabilities shown in the image below.
[[file:Content_Translation_new-dashboard.png|alt=|center|thumb|576x576px|Notice that in this screenshot, the new dashboard allows: Users to adjust suggestions with the &quot;For you&quot; and &quot;...More&quot; buttons to select general topics or community-created collections (like the example of Climate topic).  Also, users can use translation to create new articles (as before) and expand existing articles section by section. You can see how suggestions are provided in the new dashboard  in two groups (&quot;Create new pages&quot; and &quot;Expand with new sections&quot;)-one for each activity.]]
[[File:Content_Translation_dashboard_on_desktop.png|alt=|center|thumb|577x577px|In the current dashboard, you will notice that you can't adjust suggestions to select topics or community-created collections. Also, you can't expand on existing articles by translating new sections.]]
We will implement [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Content translation#Improved translation experience|this improvement]] on your wiki '''on Monday, March 17th, 2025''' and remove the current dashboard '''by May 2025'''.
Please reach out with any questions concerning the dashboard in this thread. 

Thank you!

On behalf of the Language and Product Localization team.
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 02:56, 13 werurwe 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:UOzurumba_(WMF)/sandbox_CX_Unified_dashboard_announcement_list_1&amp;oldid=28382282 --&gt;

== wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

[[foundation:|Fondasiyo ya wikimediya]] izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-03-19|rw}}'''. Igeragezwa rizatangira saa kumi

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

*Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 23:14, 14 werurwe 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=28307742 --&gt;

== Final proposed modifications to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter now posted ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
The proposed modifications to the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Enforcement_guidelines|Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines]] and the U4C Charter [[m:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Proposed_Changes|are now on Meta-wiki for community notice]] in advance of the voting period. This final draft was developed from the previous two rounds of community review. Community members will be able to vote on these modifications starting on 17 April 2025. The vote will close on 1 May 2025, and results will be announced no later than 12 May 2025. The U4C election period, starting with a call for candidates, will open immediately following the announcement of the review results. More information will be posted on [[m:Special:MyLanguage//Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election|the wiki page for the election]] soon.

Please be advised that this process will require more messages to be sent here over the next two months. 

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 02:04, 4 Mata 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28469465 --&gt;

== Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025: Invitation ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:UCDM 2025 general.png|180px|right]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Hello, dear Wikipedians!&lt;br/&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the fifth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''14th April''' until '''16th May 2025'''. The campaign is dedicated to famous Ukrainian artists of cinema, music, literature, architecture, design, and cultural phenomena of Ukraine that are now part of world heritage. We accept contributions in every language! 

The most active contesters will receive prizes.

If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.
&lt;br/&gt;

We invite you to take part and help us improve the coverage of Ukrainian culture on Wikipedia in your language! Also, we plan to set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2025|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in such a challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]])
&lt;/div&gt;

16:11, 16 Mata 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Hide on Rosé@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&amp;oldid=28552112 --&gt;

== Vote now on the revised UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines (&quot;UCoC EG&quot;) and the UCoC's Coordinating Committee Charter is open now through the end of 1 May (UTC) ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Annual_review/2025/Voter_information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review of the EG and Charter was planned and implemented by the U4C. Further information will be provided in the coming months about the review of the UCoC itself. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 00:34, 17 Mata 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28469465 --&gt;

== Sub-referencing: User testing ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Sub-referencing reuse visual.png|400px|right]]
&lt;small&gt;''Apologies for writing in English, please help us by providing a translation below''&lt;/small&gt;

Hi I’m Johannes from [[:m:Wikimedia Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland]]'s [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes|Technical Wishes team]]. We are making great strides with the new [[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]] and we’d love to invite you to take part in two activities to help us move this work further:

#'''Try it out and share your feedback'''
#:[[:m:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing# Test the prototype|Please try]] the updated ''wikitext'' feature [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmflabs.org/wiki/Sub-referencing on the beta wiki] and let us know what you think, either [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|on our talk page]] or by [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/talktotechwish booking a call] with our UX researcher. 
#'''Get a sneak peak and help shape the ''Visual Editor'' user designs'''
#:Help us test the new design prototypes by participating in user sessions – [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/gxk0taud/apply sign up here to receive an invite]. We're especially hoping to speak with people from underrepresented and diverse groups. If that's you, please consider signing up! No prior or extensive editing experience is required. User sessions will start ''May 14th''.

We plan to bring this feature to Wikimedia wikis later this year. We’ll reach out to wikis for piloting in time for deployments. Creators and maintainers of reference-related tools and templates will be contacted beforehand as well.

Thank you very much for your support and encouragement so far in helping bring this feature to life! &lt;/div&gt; &lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|Johannes Richter (WMDE)]] ([[User talk:Johannes Richter (WMDE)|talk]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 15:03, 28 Mata 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johannes Richter (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johannes_Richter_(WMDE)/Sub-referencing/massmessage_list&amp;oldid=28628657 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote on proposed modifications to the UCoC Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The voting period for the revisions to the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and U4C Charter closes on 1 May 2025 at 23:59 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746162000 find in your time zone]). [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025/Voter information|Read the information on how to participate and read over the proposal before voting]] on the UCoC page on Meta-wiki.

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)]] is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, you may [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this message with members of your community in your language, as appropriate, so they can participate as well.

In cooperation with the U4C -- &lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 03:41, 29 Mata 2025 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28618011 --&gt;

== We will be enabling the new Charts extension on your wiki soon! ==

''(Apologies for posting in English)''

Hi all! We have good news to share regarding the ongoing problem with graphs and charts affecting all wikis that use them.

As you probably know, the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Graph|old Graph extension]] was disabled in 2023 [[listarchive:list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EWL4AGBEZEDMNNFTM4FRD4MHOU3CVESO/|due to security reasons]]. We’ve worked in these two years to find a solution that could replace the old extension, and provide a safer and better solution to users who wanted to showcase graphs and charts in their articles. We therefore developed the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|Charts extension]], which will be replacing the old Graph extension and potentially also the [[:mw:Extension:EasyTimeline|EasyTimeline extension]].

After successfully deploying the extension on Italian, Swedish, and Hebrew Wikipedia, as well as on MediaWiki.org, as part of a pilot phase, we are now happy to announce that we are moving forward with the next phase of deployment, which will also include your wiki.

The deployment will happen in batches, and will start from '''May 6'''. Please, consult [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart/Project#Deployment Timeline|our page on MediaWiki.org]] to discover when the new Charts extension will be deployed on your wiki. You can also [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Chart|consult the documentation]] about the extension on MediaWiki.org.

If you have questions, need clarifications, or just want to express your opinion about it, please refer to the [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension_talk:Chart/Project|project’s talk page on Mediawiki.org]], or ping me directly under this thread. If you encounter issues using Charts once it gets enabled on your wiki, please report it on the [[:mw:Extension_talk:Chart/Project|talk page]] or at [[phab:tag/charts|Phabricator]].

Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 15:07, 6 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&amp;oldid=28663781 --&gt;

== Proposal to enable the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia ==

{{Int:Hello}} Kinyarwanda Wikipedians,

Apologies as this message is not in your language. {{Int:please-translate}}.

The [[mediawikiwiki:Wikimedia_Language_and_Product_Localization|WMF Language and Product Localization]] team proposes enabling an entry point called &quot;Contribute&quot; to your Wikipedia.

The [[:bn:বিশেষ:Contribute|Contribute]] entry point is based on collaborative work with other product teams in the Wikimedia Foundation on [[mediawikiwiki:Edit_Discovery|Edit discovery]], which validated the entry point as a persistent and constant path that contributors took to discover ways to contribute content in Wikipedia.

Therefore, enabling this entry point in your Wikipedia will help contributors quickly discover available tools and immediately click to start using them. This entry point is designed to be a central point for discovering contribution tools in Kinyarwanda Wikipedia.

'''Who can access it'''

Once it is enabled in your Wikipedia, newcomers can access the entry point automatically by just logging into their account, click on the User drop-down menu and choose the &quot;Contribute&quot; icon, which takes you to another menu where you will find a self-guided description of what you can do to contribute content, as shown in the image below. An option to &quot;view contributions&quot; is also available to access the list of your contributions.

[[File:Mobile_Contribute_Page.png|Mobile Contribute Page]]                             [[File:Mobile_contribute_menu_(detailed).png|Mobile contribute menu (detailed)]]

For experienced contributors, the Contribute icon is not automatically shown in their User drop-down menu. They will still see the &quot;Contributions&quot; option unless they change it to the &quot;Contribute&quot; manually.

We have gotten valuable feedback that helped us improve its discoverability. Now, it is ready to be enabled in other Wikis. One major improvement was to [[phab:T369041|make the entry point optional for experienced contributors]] who still want to have the &quot;Contributions&quot; entry point as default.          

We plan to enable it '''on mobile''' for Wikis, where the Section translation tool is enabled. In this way, we will provide a main entry point to the mobile translation dashboard, and the exposure can still be limited by targeting only the mobile platform for now. If there are no objections to having the entry point for mobile users from your community, we will enable it by 26th May 2025.

We welcome your feedback and questions in this thread on our proposal to enable it here. Suppose there are no objections, we will deploy the &quot;Contribute&quot; entry point in your Wikipedia.

We look forward to your response soon.

Thank you!

On behalf of the WMF Language and Product Localization team.
[[Umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|UOzurumba (WMF)]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:UOzurumba (WMF)|talk]]) 05:02, 13 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC)

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Call for Candidates for the Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C)&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
The results of voting on the Universal Code of Conduct Enforcement Guidelines and Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee (U4C) Charter is [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2025#Results|available on Meta-wiki]].

You may now [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025/Candidates|submit your candidacy to serve on the U4C]] through 29 May 2025 at 12:00 UTC. Information about [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|eligibility, process, and the timeline are on Meta-wiki]]. Voting on candidates will open on 1 June 2025 and run for two weeks, closing on 15 June 2025 at 12:00 UTC.

If you have any questions, you can ask on [[m:Talk:Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Election/2025|the discussion page for the election]]. -- in cooperation with the U4C, &lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User_talk:Keegan (WMF)|ibiganiro byanjye]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 22:07, 15 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28618011 --&gt;

== RfC ongoing regarding Abstract Wikipedia (and your project) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
''(Apologies for posting in English, if this is not your first language)''

Hello all! We opened a discussion on Meta about a very delicate issue for the development of [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia|Abstract Wikipedia]]: where to store the abstract content that will be developed through functions from Wikifunctions and data from Wikidata. Since some of the hypothesis involve your project, we wanted to hear your thoughts too. 

We want to make the decision process clear: we do not yet know which option we want to use, which is why we are consulting here. We will take the arguments from the Wikimedia communities into account, and we want to consult with the different communities and hear arguments that will help us with the decision. The decision will be made and communicated after the consultation period by the Foundation.

You can read the various hypothesis and have your say at [[:m:Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content|Abstract Wikipedia/Location of Abstract Content]]. Thank you in advance! -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 15:27, 22 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&amp;oldid=28768453 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 Selection &amp; Call for Questions&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Selection announcement}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]''

Dear all,

This year, the term of 2 (two) Community- and Affiliate-selected Trustees on the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees will come to an end [1]. The Board invites the whole movement to participate in this year’s selection process and vote to fill those seats.

The Elections Committee will oversee this process with support from Foundation staff [2]. The Governance Committee, composed of trustees who are not candidates in the 2025 community-and-affiliate-selected trustee selection process (Raju Narisetti, Shani Evenstein Sigalov, Lorenzo Losa, Kathy Collins, Victoria Doronina and Esra’a Al Shafei) [3], is tasked with providing Board oversight for the 2025 trustee selection process and for keeping the Board informed. More details on the roles of the Elections Committee, Board, and staff are here [4].

Here are the key planned dates:

* May 22 – June 5: Announcement (this communication) and call for questions period [6]
* June 17 – July 1, 2025: Call for candidates
* July 2025: If needed, affiliates vote to shortlist candidates if more than 10 apply [5]
* August 2025: Campaign period
* August – September 2025: Two-week community voting period
* October – November 2025: Background check of selected candidates
* Board’s Meeting in December 2025: New trustees seated

Learn more about the 2025 selection process - including the detailed timeline, the candidacy process, the campaign rules, and the voter eligibility criteria - on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025|[link]]].

'''Call for Questions'''

In each selection process, the community has the opportunity to submit questions for the Board of Trustees candidates to answer. The Election Committee selects questions from the list developed by the community for the candidates to answer. Candidates must answer all the required questions in the application in order to be eligible; otherwise their application will be disqualified. This year, the Election Committee will select 5 questions for the candidates to answer. The selected questions may be a combination of what’s been submitted from the community, if they’re alike or related. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates|[link]]]

'''Election Volunteers'''

Another way to be involved with the 2025 selection process is to be an Election Volunteer. Election Volunteers are a bridge between the Elections Committee and their respective community. They help ensure their community is represented and mobilize them to vote. Learn more about the program and how to join on this Meta-wiki page [[m:Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Election_volunteers|[link].]]

Thank you!

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2022/Results

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Committee:Elections_Committee_Charter

[3] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Committee_Membership,_December_2024

[4] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections_committee/Roles

[5] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/FAQ

[6] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Questions_for_candidates

Best regards,

Victoria Doronina

Board Liaison to the Elections Committee

Governance Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:08, 28 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28618011 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;  Upcoming Deployment of the CampaignEvents Extension&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Hello everyone,  

''(Apologies for posting in English if English is not your first language. Please help translate to your language.)''

The Campaigns Product Team is planning a global deployment of the '''[[:mw:Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]]''' to all Wikipedias, including this wiki, during the '''week of June 23rd'''.

This extension is designed to help organizers plan and manage events, WikiProjects, and other on-wiki collaborations - and to make these efforts more discoverable.

The three main features of this extension are:

* '''[[:m:Event_Center/Registration|Event Registration]]''': A simple way to sign up for events on the wiki.
*  '''[[:m:CampaignEvents/Collaboration_list|Collaboration List]]''': A global list of events and a local list of WikiProjects, accessible at '''[[:m:Special:AllEvents|Special:AllEvents]]'''.
*  '''[[:m:Campaigns/Foundation_Product_Team/Invitation_list|Invitation Lists]]''': A tool to help organizers find editors who might want to join, based on their past contributions.

'''Note''': The extension comes with a new user right called '''&quot;Event Organizer&quot;''', which will be managed by administrators on this wiki. Organizer tools like Event Registration and Invitation Lists will only work if someone is granted this right. The Collaboration List is available to everyone immediately after deployment.

The extension is already live on several wikis, including '''Meta, Wikidata, English Wikipedia''', and more ( [[m:CampaignEvents/Deployment_status#Current_Deployment_Status_for_CampaignEvents_extension| See the full deployment list]])

If you have any questions, concerns, or feedback, please feel free to share them on the [[m:Talk:CampaignEvents| extension talkpage]]. We’d love to hear from you before the rollout.

Thank you! &lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[User:Udehb-WMF|Udehb-WMF]] ([[User talk:Udehb-WMF|ibiganiro byanjye]]) 16:47, 29 Gicurasi 2025 (UTC)&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Udehb-WMF@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Udehb-WMF/sandbox/deployment_audience&amp;oldid=28803829 --&gt;

== Vote now in the 2025 U4C Election ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English.
{{Int:Please-translate}}

Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2025 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2025|2025 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 17 June 2025 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1750161600 12:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 1 July 2025. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 23:01, 13 Kamena 2025 (UTC) &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28848819 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees 2025 - Call for Candidates&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
:''&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates|{{int:interlanguage-link-mul}}]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-{{urlencode:Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Announcement/Call for candidates}}&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]&lt;/div&gt;
Hello all,

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|call for candidates for the 2025 Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees selection is now open]] from June 17, 2025 – July 2, 2025 at 11:59 UTC [1]. The Board of Trustees oversees the Wikimedia Foundation's work, and each Trustee serves a three-year term [2]. This is a volunteer position.

This year, the Wikimedia community will vote in late August through September 2025 to fill two (2) seats on the Foundation Board. Could you – or someone you know – be a good fit to join the Wikimedia Foundation's Board of Trustees? [3]

Learn more about what it takes to stand for these leadership positions and how to submit your candidacy on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidate application|this Meta-wiki page]] or encourage someone else to run in this year's election.

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;
Chair of the Elections Committee

On behalf of the Elections Committee and Governance Committee

[1] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Call_for_candidates

[2] https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Legal:Bylaws#(B)_Term.

[3] https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_elections/2025/Resources_for_candidates&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:44, 17 Kamena 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=28866958 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Sister Projects Task Force reviews Wikispore and Wikinews&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
Dear Wikimedia Community,

The [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee|Community Affairs Committee (CAC)]]  of the Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees assigned [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Community Affairs Committee/Sister Projects Task Force|the Sister Projects Task Force (SPTF)]] to update and implement a procedure for assessing the lifecycle of Sister Projects – wiki [[m:Wikimedia projects|projects supported by Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)]].

A vision of relevant, accessible, and impactful free knowledge has always guided the Wikimedia Movement. As the ecosystem of Wikimedia projects continues to evolve, it is crucial that we periodically review existing projects to ensure they still align with our goals and community capacity.

Despite their noble intent, some projects may no longer effectively serve their original purpose. '''Reviewing such projects is not about giving up – it's about responsible stewardship of shared resources'''. Volunteer time, staff support, infrastructure, and community attention are finite, and the non-technical costs tend to grow significantly as our ecosystem has entered a different age of the internet than the one we were founded in. Supporting inactive projects or projects that didn't meet our ambitions can unintentionally divert these resources from areas with more potential impact.

Moreover, maintaining projects that no longer reflect the quality and reliability of the Wikimedia name stands for, involves a reputational risk. An abandoned or less reliable project affects trust in the Wikimedia movement.

Lastly, '''failing to sunset or reimagine projects that are no longer working can make it much harder to start new ones'''. When the community feels bound to every past decision – no matter how outdated – we risk stagnation. A healthy ecosystem must allow for evolution, adaptation, and, when necessary, letting go. If we create the expectation that every project must exist indefinitely, we limit our ability to experiment and innovate.

Because of this, SPTF reviewed two requests concerning the lifecycle of the Sister Projects to work through and demonstrate the review process. We chose Wikispore as a case study for a possible new Sister Project opening and Wikinews as a case study for a review of an existing project. Preliminary findings were discussed with the CAC, and a community consultation on both proposals was recommended.

=== Wikispore ===

The [[m:Wikispore|application to consider Wikispore]] was submitted in 2019. SPTF decided to review this request in more depth because rather than being concentrated on a specific topic, as most of the proposals for the new Sister Projects are, Wikispore has the potential to nurture multiple start-up Sister Projects.

After careful consideration, the SPTF has decided '''not to recommend''' Wikispore as a Wikimedia Sister Project. Considering the current activity level, the current arrangement allows '''better flexibility''' and experimentation while WMF provides core infrastructural support. 

We acknowledge the initiative's potential and seek community input on what would constitute a sufficient level of activity and engagement to reconsider its status in the future.

As part of the process, we shared the decision with the Wikispore community and invited one of its leaders, Pharos, to an SPTF meeting.

Currently, we especially invite feedback on measurable criteria indicating the project's readiness, such as contributor numbers, content volume, and sustained community support. This would clarify the criteria sufficient for opening a new Sister Project, including possible future Wikispore re-application. However, the numbers will always be a guide because any number can be gamed.

=== Wikinews ===

We chose to review Wikinews among existing Sister Projects because it is the one for which we have observed the highest level of concern in multiple ways.

Since the SPTF was convened in 2023, its members have asked for the community's opinions during conferences and community calls about Sister Projects that did not fulfil their promise in the Wikimedia movement.[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WCNA_2024._Sister_Projects_-_opening%3F_closing%3F_merging%3F_splitting%3F.pdf &lt;nowiki&gt;[1]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation_Community_Affairs_Committee/Sister_Projects_Task_Force#Wikimania_2023_session_%22Sister_Projects:_past,_present_and_the_glorious_future%22 &lt;nowiki&gt;[2]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[3]&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Wikinews was the leading candidate for an evaluation because people from multiple language communities proposed it. Additionally, by most measures, it is the least active Sister Project, with the greatest drop in activity over the years.

While the Language Committee routinely opens and closes language versions of the Sister Projects in small languages, there has never been a valid proposal to close Wikipedia in major languages or any project in English. This is not true for Wikinews, where there was a proposal to close English Wikinews, which gained some traction but did not result in any action[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Proposals_for_closing_projects/Closure_of_English_Wikinews &lt;nowiki&gt;[4]&lt;/nowiki&gt;][https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/WikiConvention_francophone/2024/Programme/Quelle_proc%C3%A9dure_pour_ouvrir_ou_fermer_un_projet_%3F &lt;nowiki&gt;[5]&lt;/nowiki&gt;, see section 5] as well as a draft proposal to close all languages of Wikinews[https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Proposals_for_closing_projects/Archive_2#Close_Wikinews_completely,_all_languages? &lt;nowiki&gt;[6]&lt;/nowiki&gt;].

[[:c:File:Sister Projects Taskforce Wikinews review 2024.pdf|Initial metrics]] compiled by WMF staff also support the community's concerns about Wikinews.

Based on this report, SPTF recommends a community reevaluation of Wikinews. We conclude that its current structure and activity levels are the lowest among the existing sister projects. SPTF also recommends pausing the opening of new language editions while the consultation runs.

SPTF brings this analysis to a discussion and welcomes discussions of alternative outcomes, including potential restructuring efforts or integration with other Wikimedia initiatives.

'''Options''' mentioned so far (which might be applied to just low-activity languages or all languages) include but are not limited to:
*Restructure how Wikinews works and is linked to other current events efforts on the projects,
*Merge the content of Wikinews into the relevant language Wikipedias, possibly in a new namespace,
*Merge content into compatibly licensed external projects,
*Archive Wikinews projects.
Your insights and perspectives are invaluable in shaping the future of these projects. We encourage all interested community members to share their thoughts on the relevant discussion pages or through other designated feedback channels.

=== Feedback and next steps ===

We'd be grateful if you want to take part in a conversation on the future of these projects and the review process. We are setting up two different project pages: [[m:Public consultation about Wikispore|Public consultation about Wikispore]] and [[m:Public consultation about Wikinews|Public consultation about Wikinews]]. Please participate between 27 June 2025 and 27 July 2025, after which we will summarize the discussion to move forward. You can write in your own language.

I will also host a community conversation 16th July Wednesday 11.00 UTC and 17th July Thursday 17.00 UTC (call links to follow shortly) and will be around at Wikimania for more discussions. 
&lt;section end=&quot;message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Victoria|Victoria]] on behalf of the Sister Project Task Force, 20:57, 27 Kamena 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Johan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Johan_(WMF)/Sister_project_MassMassage_on_behalf_of_Victoria/Target_list&amp;oldid=28911188 --&gt;

== Wikidata Item and Property labels soon displayed in Wiki Watchlist/Recent Changes ==

''(Apologies for posting in English, you can help by translating into your language)''

Hello everyone, the [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team is excited to announce an upcoming change in how Wikidata edit changelogs are displayed in your [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlists]] and [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] lists. If an edit is made on Wikidata that affects a page in another Wikimedia Project, the changelog will contain some information about the nature of the edit. This can include a QID (or Q-number), a PID (or P-number) and a value (which can be text, numbers, dates, or also QID or PID’s). Confused by these terms? See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary|Wikidata:Glossary]] for further explanations.

The upcoming change is scheduled for '''17.07.2025''', between '''1300 - 1500 UTC'''.
The change will display the label (item name) alongside any QID or PIDs, as seen in the image below:
[[File:Apr10 edit summary on Wikidata.png|An edit sum entry on Wikidata, labels display alongside their P- and Q-no.'s]]

These changes will only be visible if you have Wikidata edits enabled in your User Preferences for Watchlists and Recent Changes, or have the active filter ‘Wikidata edits’ checkbox toggled on, directly on the Watchlist and Recent Changes pages.

Your bot and gadget may be affected! There are thousands of bots, gadgets and user-scripts and whilst we have researched potential effects to many of them, we cannot guarantee there won’t be some that are broken or affected by this change.

Further information and context about this change, including how your bot may be affected can be found on this [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|project task page]]. We welcome your questions and feedback, please write to us on this dedicated [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Resolve_Labels|Talk page]].

Thank you, - [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] on behalf of the Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects Team. [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:45, 14 Nyakanga 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&amp;oldid=28981877 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Temporary accounts will be rolled out soon&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;body&quot;/&gt;
Hello, we are the Wikimedia Foundation [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity|Product Safety and Integrity]] team. We would like to announce that '''we plan to enable [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] for this wiki in the week of September 1'''.

Temporary accounts are successfully live on 30 wikis, including many large ones like German, Japanese, and French. The change they bring is especially relevant to logged-out editors, who this feature is designed to protect. But it is also relevant to community members like mentors, patrollers, and admins – anyone who reverts edits, blocks users, or otherwise interacts with logged-out editors as part of keeping the wikis safe and accurate. 

'''Why we are building temporary accounts'''

Our wikis should be safer to edit by default for logged-out editors. Temporary accounts allow people to continue editing the wikis without creating an account, while avoiding publicly tying their edits to their IP address. We believe this is in the best interest of our logged-out editors, who make valuable contributions to the wikis and who may later create accounts and grow our community of editors, admins, and other roles. Even though the wikis do warn logged-out editors that their IP address will be associated with their edit, many people may not understand what an IP address is, or that it could be used to connect them to other information about them in ways they might not expect. 

Additionally, our moderation software and tools rely too heavily on network origin (IP addresses) to identify users and patterns of activity, especially as IP addresses themselves are becoming less stable as identifiers. Temporary accounts allow for more precise interactions with logged-out editors, including more precise blocks, and can help limit how often we unintentionally end up blocking good-faith users who use the same IP addresses as bad-faith users.

'''How temporary accounts work'''
[[File:Temporary account banner and empty talk page.png|thumb]]
Any time a logged-out user publishes an edit on this wiki, a cookie will be set in this user's browser, and a temporary account tied with this cookie will be automatically created. This account's name will follow the pattern: &lt;code dir=ltr&gt;~2025-12345-67&lt;/code&gt; (a tilde, current year, a number). On pages like Recent Changes or page history, this name will be displayed. The cookie will expire 90 days after its creation. As long as it exists, all edits made from this device will be attributed to this temporary account. It will be the same account even if the IP address changes, unless the user clears their cookies or uses a different device or web browser. A record of the IP address used at the time of each edit will be stored for 90 days after the edit. However, only some logged-in users will be able to see it.

'''What does this mean for different groups of users?'''

'''For logged-out editors'''

* This increases privacy: currently, if you do not use a registered account to edit, then everybody can see the IP address for the edits you made, even after 90 days. That will no longer be possible on this wiki.
* If you use a temporary account to edit from different locations in the last 90 days (for example at home and at a coffee shop), the edit history and the IP addresses for all those locations will now be recorded together, for the same temporary account. Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the relevant requirements]] will be able to view this data. If this creates any personal security concerns for you, please contact talktohumanrights at wikimedia.org for advice.

'''For community members interacting with logged-out editors'''

* A temporary account is uniquely linked to a device. In comparison, an IP address can be shared with different devices and people (for example, different people at school or at work might have the same IP address).
* Compared to the current situation, it will be safer to assume that a temporary user's talk page belongs to only one person, and messages left there will be read by them. As you can see in the screenshot, temporary account users will receive notifications. It will also be possible to thank them for their edits, ping them in discussions, and invite them to get more involved in the community.

'''For users who use IP address data to moderate and maintain the wiki'''

* '''For patrollers''' who track persistent abusers, investigate violations of policies, etc.: Users who [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Access_to_temporary_account_IP_addresses|meet the requirements]] will be able to reveal temporary users' IP addresses and all contributions made by temporary accounts from a specific IP address or range ([[Special:IPContributions]]). They will also have access to useful information about the IP addresses thanks to the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/IP Info|IP Info]] feature. Many other pieces of software have been built or adjusted to work with temporary accounts, including AbuseFilter, global blocks, Global User Contributions, and more. (For information for volunteer developers on how to update the code of your tools – see the last part of the message.)
* '''For admins blocking logged-out editors''':
** It will be possible to block many abusers by just blocking their temporary accounts. A blocked person won't be able to create new temporary accounts quickly if the admin selects the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Autoblock|autoblock]] option.
** It will still be possible to block an IP address or IP range.
* Temporary accounts will not be retroactively applied to contributions made before the deployment. On Special:Contributions, you will be able to see existing IP user contributions, but not new contributions made by temporary accounts on that IP address. Instead, you should use Special:IPContributions for this.

'''Our requests for you, and next steps'''

* If you know of any tools, bots, gadgets etc. using data about IP addresses or being available for logged-out users, you may want to test if they work on [[testwiki:Main_Page|testwiki]] or [[test2wiki:Main_Page|test2wiki]]. If you are a volunteer developer, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers|read our documentation for developers]], and in particular, the section on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/For developers#How should I update my code?|how your code might need to be updated]].
* If you want to test the temporary account experience, for example just to check what it feels like, go to testwiki or test2wiki and edit without logging in.
* Tell us if you know of any difficulties that need to be addressed. We will try to help, and if we are not able, we will consider the available options.
* Look at our [[m:Meta:Babel#Temporary_Accounts:_access_to_IP_addresses_and_next_steps|previous message]] about requirements for users without extended rights who may need access to IP addresses.

To learn more about the project, check out [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/FAQ|our FAQ]] – you will find many useful answers there. You may also [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts/Updates|look at the updates]] (we have just posted one) and [[mw:Newsletter:Product Safety and Integrity|subscribe to our new newsletter]]. If you'd like to talk to me (Szymon) off-wiki, you will find me on Discord and Telegram. Thank you!&lt;section end=&quot;body&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[m:user:NKohli (WMF)|NKohli (WMF)]], [[m:user:SGrabarczuk (WMF)|SGrabarczuk (WMF)]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:36, 26 Kanama 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Quiddity_(WMF)/sandbox6&amp;oldid=29181713 --&gt;

== wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha ==

&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

[[foundation:|Fondasiyo ya wikimediya]] izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2025-09-24|rw}}'''. Urubanza ruzatangira '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2025-09-24T15:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2025-09-24T15:00}}]'''.

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

*Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

*&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

&lt;span dir=ltr&gt;[[m:User:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Trizek (WMF)|{{int:talk}}]])&lt;/span&gt; 15:41, 18 Nzeri 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29170715 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Have your say: vote for the 2025 Board of Trustees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Hello all,

The voting period for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025|2025 Board of Trustees election]] is now open. Candidates are running for two (2) seats on the Board.

To check your voter eligibility, please visit the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Voter eligibility guidelines|voter eligibility page]].

Learn more about them by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation elections/2025/Candidates|reading their application statements and watch their candidacy videos]].

When you are ready, go to the [[m:Special:SecurePoll/vote/405|SecurePoll voting page to vote]].

'''The vote is open from October 8 at 00:00 UTC to October 22 at 23:59 UTC.'''

Best regards,

Abhishek Suryawanshi&lt;br /&gt;Chair, Elections Committee&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:48, 9 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:RamzyM (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29360896 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Please help pick a name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. This project will be a wiki that will enable users to combine functions from [[:f:|Wikifunctions]] and data from Wikidata in order to generate natural language sentences in any supported languages. These sentences can then be used by any Wikipedia (or elsewhere).

There will be two rounds of voting, each followed by legal review of candidates, with votes beginning on 20 October and 17 November 2025. Our goal is to have a final project name selected on mid-December 2025. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function1&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 11:43, 20 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29432175 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Seeking volunteers to join several of the movement’s committees&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Each year, typically from October through December, several of the movement’s committees seek new volunteers. 

Read more about the committees on their Meta-wiki pages:
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Affiliations Committee|Affiliations Committee (AffCom)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ombuds commission|Ombuds commission (OC)]]
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Community Resilience and Sustainability/Trust and Safety/Case Review Committee|Case Review Committee (CRC)]]

Applications for the committees open on October 30, 2025. Applications for the Affiliations Committee, Ombuds commission and the Case Review Committee close on December 11, 2025. Learn how to apply by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Legal/Committee appointments|visiting the appointment page on Meta-wiki]]. Post to the talk page or email cst[[File:At sign.svg|16x16px|link=|(_AT_)]]wikimedia.org with any questions you may have.

For the Committee Support team,
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-[[m:User:MKaur (WMF)| MKaur (WMF)]] 14:13, 30 Ukwakira 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:MKaur (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29517125 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Reminder: Help us decide the name of the new Abstract Wikipedia project&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
{{int:Hello}}. Reminder: Please help to choose name for the new Abstract Wikipedia wiki project. The finalist vote starts today. The finalists for the name are: &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Abstract Wikipedia, Multilingual Wikipedia, Wikiabstracts, Wikigenerator, Proto-Wiki&lt;/span&gt;. If you would like to participate, then '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Abstract Wikipedia/Abstract Wikipedia naming contest|please learn more and vote now]]''' at meta-wiki.
{{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
&lt;section end=&quot;function2&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 14:22, 20 Ugushyingo 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29583860 --&gt;

== Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 ==

Dear Wikimedia communities,

We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year.

''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.''

In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects.

We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community.

📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]]

If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs:  
* [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]]
* [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]]

''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]'''''

''Stay connected and receive updates:''  
* [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel]  
* [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list]

We look forward to collaborating with you and your community.


'''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:44, 16 Mutarama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29879549 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon ==

&lt;div style=&quot;border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;&quot;&gt;

[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]]
::&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 

Dear Wiki Community,

We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia.

The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects.

;About the Campaign 
'''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices.

;What Can Participants Write About? 
Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to:

* Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations  
* Folk dances, music, and traditional performances  
* Women and queer figures in folklore  
* Women in mythology and oral traditions  
* Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives  
* Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends  
* Folk games, sports, and cultural practices  

Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools.

;How to Sign Up as an Organizer 
Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community:

# Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] 
# Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool  
# Prepare a local article list and clearly mention:
#* Campaign timeline  
#* Local and international prizes  
# Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]]  
# Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]'''

;Campaign Tools

The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants:

* '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats.
* '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore.

Both tools are now available for use in the campaign.  '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]'''

;Learn More &amp; Get Support
For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''.

If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via:
* '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]'''
* Email us using details on the contact page.

;Join Us 
We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia.

Thank you and best wishes,
  
'''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]'''

----

''Stay connected:''  
[[File:B&amp;W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&amp;nbsp;
[[File:B&amp;W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]]
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; width: 100%;&quot;&gt;''{{int:please-translate}}''&lt;/div&gt;

[[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]]
Hello everyone,

We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe.

;About Wiki Loves Folklore 

'''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight:
* Folk traditions and rituals  
* Cultural festivals and celebrations  
* Traditional attire and crafts 
* Performing arts, music, and dance  
* Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage  

Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world.

[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] 

; Host a Local Edition 

As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to:
* Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture  
* Engage new contributors in your community  
* Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content  

'''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:'''  

If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know.

If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region.

;Get in Touch 
If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via:

* The project Talk pages  
* Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''

We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail.

Warm regards,  

'''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team'''
&lt;/div&gt;
[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 13:21, 18 Mutarama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&amp;oldid=29228188 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]].

The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]].

Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate.

-- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

21:01, 19 Mutarama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=29905753 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Migration to Parsoid&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;em&gt;[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Parsoid Read Views/Read View Announcement|Read this in another language]]&lt;/em&gt;

Hello everyone! I am glad to inform you that as the next step in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification|Parser Unification]] project, Parsoid will soon be turned on as the default article renderer on your wiki. We are gradually increasing the number of wikis using Parsoid, with the intention of making it the default wikitext parser for MediaWiki's next long-term support release. This will make our wikis more reliable and consistent for editors, readers, and tools to use, as well as making the development of future wikitext features easier.

If this disrupts your workflow, don’t worry! You can still opt out through a user preference or turn Parsoid off on the current page using the Tools submenu, as described in the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:ParserMigration|Extension:ParserMigration]] documentation.

There is [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Confidence Framework|more information about our roll-out strategy]] available, including the testing done before we turn on Parsoid for a new wiki.

To report bugs and issues, please look at our [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Known Issues|known issues]] documentation and if you found a new bug please create a phab ticket and tag the [[phab:project/view/5846|Content Transform Team in Phabricator]].
&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:User:ABreault (WMF)|Content Transform Team]]&lt;/bdi&gt; 21:59, 23 Mutarama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ABreault (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikimedia_Foundation/Product_and_Technology/Parsoid_Read_Views/2026-01-26_Wikipedias&amp;oldid=29972868 --&gt;

== Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
[[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]]
{{int:please-translate}}

Dear Wikipedians!

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge &quot;'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''&quot;, which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''.

The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences.

🧩'''How to participate?'''

Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine.

🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''.

'''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.'''

If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&amp;messages=&amp;language=en&amp;x=D banner] into your own language.

Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! 

[[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&amp;oldid=28552112 --&gt;

== Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) ==

Hello everyone,

This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as &lt;code&gt;Module:Itemgroup/list&lt;/code&gt;).

'''The Change:'''&lt;br /&gt;
Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. 

We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''.

'''What You Need To Do:'''&lt;br /&gt;
To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search.

'''Deadline:'''&lt;br /&gt;
We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles.

Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 17:11, 3 Mata 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=29941252 --&gt;

== Request for comment (global AI policy) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}}
A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:58, 26 Mata 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30424282 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Vote now in the 2026 U4C election&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC].

Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,&lt;section end=&quot;announcement-content&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

[[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|ibiganiro byanjye]])&lt;/bdi&gt; 17:11, 23 Kamena 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki&lt;/span&gt; ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
&lt;section begin=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
'''Legal &amp; Safety Contacts'''

Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]].

&lt;section end=&quot;Message&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

-- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:30, 25 Kamena 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&amp;oldid=30731267 --&gt;

== Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) ==

&lt;bdi lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}}
You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}}
[[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]])  12:24, 24 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC)
&lt;/bdi&gt;
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&amp;oldid=30513860 --&gt;

== wiki yawe izaba isomwa gusa vuba aha ==
&lt;section begin=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;plainlinks&quot;&gt;

[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|Soma ibi mu rundi rurimi]] • [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&amp;group=page-Tech%2FServer+switch&amp;language=&amp;action=page&amp;filter= {{int:please-translate}}]

[[foundation:|Fondasiyo ya wikimediya]] izaba ikora igeregeza , hahindurwa aho imirongo ihurizwa Iri geragezwa rizaba rigamije kureba niba mu gihe cy'ibiza ko imishinga ya wikimediya yaguma gukora

All traffic will switch on '''{{#time:j xg|2026-09-23|rw}}'''. Urubanza ruzatangira '''[https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/{{#time:U|2026-09-23T14:00|en}} {{#time:H:i e|2026-09-23T14:00}}]'''.

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Unfortunately, because of some limitations in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:What is MediaWiki?|MediaWiki]], all editing must stop while the switch is made.&lt;/span&gt; Turisegura kubyimbogamizi ariko turimo turakora ibishoboka k'uburyo zaganyuka mu bihe biri imbere 

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;A banner will be displayed on all wikis 30 minutes before this operation happens.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This banner will remain visible until the end of the operation.&lt;/span&gt; 
&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can contribute to the [https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&amp;group=Centralnotice-tgroup-read_only_banner&amp;task=view&amp;language=&amp;filter=&amp;action=translate translation or proofreading] of this banner text.&lt;/span&gt;

'''Muzaba mushobora gusoma ariko ntago gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda mu gihe gito.'''

* Mu gihe kingana n'isaha ntago ibikorwa byo gutanga umusanzu bizaba bikunda
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you try to edit or save during these times, you will see an error message.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We hope that no edits will be lost during these minutes, but we can't guarantee it.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you see the error message, then please wait until everything is back to normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Then you should be able to save your edit.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;But, we recommend that you make a copy of your changes first, just in case.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;''Other effects'':&lt;/span&gt;

* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Background jobs will be slower and some may be dropped.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Red links might not be updated as quickly as normal.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;If you create an article that is already linked somewhere else, the link will stay red longer than usual.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Some long-running scripts will have to be stopped.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;We expect the code deployments to happen as any other week.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;However, some case-by-case code freezes could punctually happen if the operation require them afterwards.&lt;/span&gt;
* &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;[[mw:Special:MyLanguage/GitLab|GitLab]] will be unavailable for about 90 minutes.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;This project may be postponed if necessary.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;You can [[wikitech:Switch_Datacenter|read the schedule at wikitech.wikimedia.org]].&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;Any changes will be announced in the schedule.&lt;/span&gt; 

'''Sakaza ubu butumwa muri kominote ubamo'''&lt;/div&gt;&lt;section end=&quot;server-switch&quot;/&gt;

[[m:user:Trizek (WMF)|Trizek (WMF)]] 12:58, 15 Nzeri 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&amp;oldid=30513874 --&gt;

== Your feedback wanted: Remove ''(Language link added:) and similar'' edits from Special:RecentChanges ==
''(Apologies for posting in English. You can help by translating it)''

Hello, I’m Danny from [[:en:w:Wikimedia_Deutschland|Wikimedia Deutschland’s]] [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects|Wikidata For Wikimedia Projects]] team.&lt;br/&gt;
We have been investigating and examining how Wikidata’s use in the [[Special:RecentChanges]] and [[Special:Watchlist]] pages can be made to be more useful, or less ‘noisy’ (fewer edits that have little value to the reader).

We are currently exploring to make a change in the volume and the type of Wikidata edits that appear in these pages, and '''we need your feedback''' to help us ensure this is a positive change for the Wikis and won’t disrupt your workflows.&lt;br/&gt;
Language links are also known as sitelinks or interlanguage links and describe when a Wikidata item is connected to a Wiki, adding it to the language dropdown tool for other connected Wikis.
[[File:Types of Lang Link changes.png|x350px|frame|A variety of &quot;Language Link&quot; edits as seen in the Recent Changes feed]]

The request for feedback is whether you support the removal of these language link edits from the Recent Changes and Watchlist feed, or would you oppose such a change and if so, why?
Please share you thoughts on the dedicated '''[[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|metawiki Talk page]]'''. 

Further information about this change: [[m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|m:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Hide_Language_Link_edits]]

Thank you for any participation or feedback you give, -- [[m:User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] 15:26, 21 Nzeri 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_test_list&amp;oldid=31067433 --&gt;

== Candidacy for temporary adminship ==
Hello everyone. rw.wikipedia currently has no local administrator. I have nominated myself for a temporary admin flag (6 months) to help fight vandalism and improve article quality. Your comments, support or objections are welcome at [[Wikipedia:Administrator]] until 8 October 2026. Murakoze! [[Umukoresha:Score Beethoven|Score Beethoven]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Score Beethoven|talk]]) 12:14, 1 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC)

== Wikidata Sitelink changes in Recent Changes and Watchlist ==
''(Apologies for cross-posting in English, translating it will help spread the message)''

Earlier last month, all Wikis were contacted for feedback on our proposal to remove language link changes, this change has already been deployed to Wikisource, Wikibooks, Wikivoyage, Wikiquote, Wikiversity and Wiktionary.

The same change is now being rolled out globally to all Wikipedias on '''October 13, 07:00 UTC'''. Editors will no longer see notifications after this time on their [[Special:RecentChanges|Recent Changes]] and [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]] when a link to ''another'' language version of a page is added, removed, or changed in its Wikidata item (it does not affect language link notifications to the home wiki). There will then be a two-week monitoring period to observe if a reduction of high-volume but low-value notifications takes place, or if higher-value changes become easier to identify. Editors who rely on these notifications should be aware of the change and can share feedback or concerns on the  Wikidata For Wikimedia [[m:Talk:Wikidata_For_Wikimedia_Projects/Clearer_Wikidata_Edit_Summaries/Hide_Language_Link_edits|Projects talk page]].&lt;br/&gt;
Wikidata's own Recent Changes page is not affected as it serves as the repository for these changes.

Please reach out if you have any questions, or if your wiki would like to opt-out, thank you! -- [[User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]] ([[User_talk:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)|talk]])  sent via [[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 09:29, 9 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Danny_Benjafield_(WMDE)/MassMessage_Test_List&amp;oldid=31142775 --&gt;
:[[Umukoresha:Danny Benjafield (WMDE)|Danny Benjafield (WMDE)]]Thanks a lot , just wondering if we could be guided to makw these important notices availabe in kinyarwanda [[Umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|ɴᴅᴀʜɪʀᴏ ᴅᴇʀʀɪᴄᴋ ]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Ndahiro derrick|talk]]) 07:49, 12 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>kcbmn8pd15gz2lmncr3bmbnk2xr2zf2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Uburundi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>6912</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141423</id>
      <parentid>140973</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T14:14:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141423</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11707" sha1="9d24vvjs5e292ah5kod5hpjqvf3ydz9" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;float:right; clear:right; margin:0 0 1em 1.5em; width:24em; font-size:90%; border:1px solid #1EB53A; background:#f8f9fa;&quot;
|+ style=&quot;font-size:135%; font-weight:bold; background:#CE1126; color:#fff; padding:6px;&quot; | Repubulika y'u Burundi
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:4px;&quot; | ''Repubulika y'Uburundi'' (ikirundi)&lt;br /&gt;''République du Burundi'' (igifaransa)
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
{{{!}} style=&quot;width:100%; background:transparent;&quot;
{{!}} style=&quot;text-align:center; width:50%;&quot; {{!}} [[File:Flag of Burundi.svg|120px|border|Ibendera ry'u Burundi]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ibendera&lt;/small&gt;
{{!}} style=&quot;text-align:center; width:50%;&quot; {{!}} [[File:Coat of arms of Burundi.svg|80px|Ikirango cy'u Burundi]]&lt;br /&gt;&lt;small&gt;Ikirango&lt;/small&gt;
{{!}}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | &lt;small&gt;Intego: ''« Ubumwe, Ibikorwa, Amajambere »''&lt;br /&gt;Indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu: ''« Burundi Bwacu »''&lt;/small&gt;
|-
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; | [[File:Burundi (orthographic projection).svg|220px|Ikarita y'u Burundi]]
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#1EB53A; color:#fff;&quot; | Amakuru y'ingenzi
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Umurwa mukuru
| [[Gitega]] (wa politiki)&lt;br /&gt;[[Bujumbura]] (w'ubukungu)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Umujyi munini
| [[Bujumbura]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Indimi zemewe
| [[Ikirundi]], [[Igifaransa]], [[Icyongereza]]
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ubutegetsi
| Repubulika, ubutegetsi bwa perezida
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Perezida
| [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] (kuva mu 2020)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Minisitiri w'Intebe
| Nestor Ntahontuye (kuva mu 2025)
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#1EB53A; color:#fff;&quot; | Amateka
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ubwami
| Ikinyejana cya 17
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ubwigenge
| 1 Nyakanga 1962 (ku [[Ububiligi]])
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Repubulika
| 28 Ugushyingo 1966
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#1EB53A; color:#fff;&quot; | Ubuso n'abaturage
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ubuso
| 27 834 km²
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Abaturage
| ≈ 14 150 000 (igereranya rya 2024)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ubucucike
| ≈ 500 ku km²
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Intara
| 5 (kuva mu 2025)
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background:#1EB53A; color:#fff;&quot; | Ibindi
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Ifaranga
| Ifaranga ry'u Burundi (BIF)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Isaha
| CAT (UTC+2)
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Kode ya telefoni
| +257
|-
! style=&quot;text-align:left;&quot; | Domeni ya interineti
| .bi
|}
'''Uburundi''', ku mugaragaro '''Repubulika y'u Burundi''', ni [[igihugu]] kidakora ku [[inyanja]] giherereye muri [[Afurika]] yo hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba, mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. Gihana imbibi n'u [[Rwanda]] mu majyaruguru, [[Tanzaniya]] mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo, na [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]] mu burengerazuba, aho [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]] kigitandukanya na yo. Umurwa mukuru wa politiki ni [[Gitega]], naho [[Bujumbura]] ni wo murwa mukuru w'ubukungu n'umujyi munini. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bito kandi bituwe cyane muri Afurika.

== Izina ==
Izina ''Uburundi'' rikomoka ku bwami bwa kera bw'Abarundi. Abaturage bacyo bitwa '''Abarundi''' (umuntu umwe: ''Umurundi''), naho ururimi rwabo ni [[ikirundi]], rwegeranye cyane n'[[ikinyarwanda]].
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;font-size:95%;&quot;
! Ururimi !! Izina
|-
| [[Ikirundi]] || Repubulika y'Uburundi
|-
| [[Igifaransa]] || République du Burundi
|-
| [[Icyongereza]] || Republic of Burundi
|}

== Imiterere y'igihugu ==
[[File:Burundi - Lake Tanganyika fisheries.jpg|thumb|left|220px|Abarobyi ku [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]]]]
Uburundi bufite ubuso bwa km² 27 834, bukaba bugizwe ahanini n'imisozi n'imirambi miremire. Mu burengerazuba hari ikibaya cya Rusizi n'inkengero z'[[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]], hejuru yacyo hakaba umurongo w'imisozi itandukanya ibibaya by'inzuzi Kongo na [[Nili]]. Umusozi muremure ni Heha (m 2 684). Mu burasirazuba, uruzi Ruvubu rwisuka mu [[Umugezi wa Kagera|Kagera]]; isoko iri kure cyane mu majyepfo y'uruzi [[Nili]] ivugwa ko iri mu Burundi, mu ntara ya kera ya Bururi.&lt;ref name=&quot;brit&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burundi |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Burundi |website=Encyclopaedia Britannica |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ikirere ni icy'akarere gashyuha ariko koroherejwe n'ubutumburuke; igihugu kigira ibihe bibiri by'imvura n'ibihe by'izuba. Ishyamba rya Kibira, mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, rifatanye n'ishyamba rya Nyungwe ryo mu [[Rwanda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;brit&quot; /&gt;
{{clear}}

== Amateka ==
[[File:Enclos Royal de Muramvya chez MWAMBUTSA.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Urugo rw'umwami Mwambutsa IV i Muramvya]]
=== Ubwami bw'u Burundi ===
Ubwami bw'u Burundi bwavutse ahagana mu kinyejana cya 17, buyoborwa n'[[umwami]] (''mwami'') wafatwaga nk'umubyeyi w'igihugu, afashijwe n'abatware b'imiryango y'ibikomangoma (''abaganwa''). Ingoma yari ikimenyetso cy'ubwami.&lt;ref name=&quot;brit&quot; /&gt;

=== Ubukoloni ===
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, Uburundi bwinjijwe mu Ntara y'[[Ubudage|Abadage]] y'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba. Nyuma y'Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, bwahawe [[Ububiligi]] ku buryo bw'ubutegetsi bwa Ishyirahamwe ry'Amahanga, bufatanywa n'u Rwanda mu cyitwaga [[Rwanda-Urundi|Ruanda-Urundi]]. Nyuma ya 1946, bwabaye igihugu kirindwa n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye bukomeza kuyoborwa n'Ababiligi.&lt;ref name=&quot;brit&quot; /&gt; Igikomangoma Louis Rwagasore, wari uyoboye ishyaka UPRONA ryatsinze amatora yo mu 1961, yishwe mu Ukwakira 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burundi country profile |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13085064 |website=BBC News |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kuva ku bwigenge ===
[[File:Plaza de la Independencia.JPG|thumb|right|200px|Ikibuga cy'Ubwigenge i [[Bujumbura]]]]
Uburundi bwabonye ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962 ari ubwami buyobowe n'umwami Mwambutsa IV. Mu 1966, Kapiteni Michel Micombero yakuyeho ubwami ashyiraho repubulika.&lt;ref name=&quot;brit&quot; /&gt; Amateka y'igihugu nyuma y'ubwigenge yaranzwe n'amakimbirane hagati y'[[Abahutu]] n'[[Abatutsi]], harimo ubwicanyi bwo mu 1972 n'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi ryinshi, nk'iryazanye [[Pierre Buyoya]] mu 1987.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot; /&gt;

Mu 1993, [[Melchior Ndadaye]] yabaye Perezida wa mbere w'Umuhutu watowe mu matora ya demokarasi, ariko yicwa nyuma y'amezi make, bituma igihugu cyinjira mu ntambara y'abenegihugu yahitanye abantu babarirwa mu 300 000. Uwamusimbuye, Cyprien Ntaryamira, yaguye mu ndege yarashwe i [[Kigali]] ku wa 6 Mata 1994. Amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha (2000) yashyizeho inzira yo kugabana ubutegetsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot; /&gt;

Mu 2005, [[Petero Nkurunziza|Pierre Nkurunziza]] yatorewe kuba Perezida. Icyemezo cye cyo kwiyamamariza manda ya gatatu mu 2015 cyateje imyigaragambyo, igerageza ry'ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi n'ihunga ry'Abarundi benshi bajya mu bihugu by'abaturanyi, harimo [[Impunzi z'Abarundi mu Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]] yamusimbuye nyuma y'amatora yo mu 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;bbc&quot; /&gt; Mu 2019, Gitega yagizwe umurwa mukuru wa politiki.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burundi |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ |website=The World Factbook |publisher=Central Intelligence Agency |language=en |access-date=2026-10-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ |archive-date=2021-01-22 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== Politiki n'ubutegetsi ==
Uburundi ni repubulika iyobowe na Perezida, ari na we mukuru wa guverinoma, afashijwe na Visi-Perezida na Minisitiri w'Intebe. Inteko Ishinga Amategeko igizwe n'imitwe ibiri: Inteko Nshingamategeko na Sena. Ishyaka CNDD-FDD ni ryo riri ku butegetsi kuva mu 2005.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt;

Kuva mu 2025, igihugu kigabanyijemo intara 5 — Buhumuza, Bujumbura, Burunga, Butanyerera na Gitega — zigabanyijemo amakomine 42, bisimbura intara 18 zabanzaga.&lt;ref name=&quot;undp&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Repenser le territoire pour rapprocher le développement des citoyens |url=https://www.undp.org/fr/node/597941 |website=PNUD |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Abaturage n'indimi ==
[[File:Gitega drums.JPG|thumb|right|220px|Abavuzi b'[[ingoma]] i [[Gitega]]]]
Uburundi bufite abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 14 (igereranya rya 2024), benshi muri bo baba mu cyaro. Abarundi bagizwe n'[[Abahutu]] (≈ 85 %), [[Abatutsi]] (≈ 14 %) n'[[Abatwa]] (≈ 1 %).&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt;

[[Ikirundi]] ni ururimi rw'igihugu ruvugwa n'abaturage hafi ya bose; [[Igifaransa]] n'[[Icyongereza]] na zo ni indimi zemewe. Igiswahili kivugwa cyane cyane i Bujumbura no mu bucuruzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt;

=== Amadini ===
Abenshi mu Barundi ni Abakirisitu: [[Kiliziya Gatolika|Abagatolika]] ni bo benshi, bagakurikirwa n'Abaporotesitanti. Hari kandi abayoboke ba [[Islamu]] bake n'abakurikiza imyemerere gakondo.&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt;

=== Umuco ===
Ingoma z'i Burundi zizwi ku isi yose. Mu 2014, imbyino gakondo y'ingoma y'ubwami yashyizwe na UNESCO ku rutonde rw'umurage ndangamuco udafatika w'abantu bose.&lt;ref name=&quot;unesco&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ritual dance of the royal drum |url=https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/ritual-dance-of-the-royal-drum-00989 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== Ubukungu ==
[[File:Truck and bicylists near Gitega, Burundi.jpg|thumb|right|220px|Umuhanda hafi ya [[Gitega]]]]
Ubukungu bw'u Burundi bushingiye cyane ku buhinzi, bukoresha igice kinini cy'abakozi. Ibihingwa by'ingenzi byoherezwa mu mahanga ni [[ikawa]] n'[[icyayi]]; abaturage bahinga kandi [[igitoki]], imyumbati, ibijumba, ibigori n'ibishyimbo.&lt;ref name=&quot;brit&quot; /&gt; Uburundi ni kimwe mu bihugu bikennye cyane ku isi, bukaba bufite ibibazo byo kubura amadovize, ubucucike bw'abaturage n'imirire mibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;wb&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Burundi Overview |url=https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burundi/overview |website=Banki y'Isi |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== Imibanire n'amahanga ==
Uburundi ni umunyamuryango w'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, w'Ubumwe bw'Afurika, n'Umuryango w'Afurika y'Iburasirazuba (EAC) kuva mu 2007. Ni kandi umunyamuryango w'Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w'Ibihugu Bikoresha Igifaransa (OIF).&lt;ref name=&quot;cia&quot; /&gt;

== Amafoto ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;150&quot;&gt;
File:BujumburaFromCathedral.jpg|[[Bujumbura]] ibonwa uri kuri katedarali
File:Burundi.Gitega 03.jpg|[[Gitega]], umurwa mukuru wa politiki
File:Hippos and Bridge, Burundi 067.jpg|[[Imvubu]] mu Burundi
File:Bridge in Rutana,Burundi.jpg|Ikiraro i Rutana
File:Igiseke.jpg|Igiseke, ubukorikori gakondo
File:Inanga Torobeka.jpg|Inanga, igikoresho cy'umuziki gakondo
File:Burundi, administrative divisions 2025 - de - colored.svg|Intara z'u Burundi (2025)
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==
{{Commonscat|Burundi|Uburundi}}

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
{{Div col|colwidth=15em}}
* [[Afurika]]
* [[Bujumbura]]
* [[Gitega]]
* [[Ikirundi]]
* [[Évariste Ndayishimiye]]
* [[Petero Nkurunziza]]
* [[Melchior Ndadaye]]
* [[Pierre Buyoya]]
* [[Ikiyaga cya Tanganyika]]
* [[Rwanda-Urundi]]
* [[Impunzi z'Abarundi mu Rwanda]]
* [[Rwanda]]
* [[Tanzaniya]]
* [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]]
{{Div col end}}

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* [https://presidence.gov.bi/ Présidence de la République du Burundi] – urubuga rwa Perezidansi y'u Burundi &lt;small&gt;(mu gifaransa)&lt;/small&gt;
* [https://www.britannica.com/place/Burundi Burundi] – Encyclopaedia Britannica &lt;small&gt;(mu cyongereza)&lt;/small&gt;
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20210122232849/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/burundi/ Burundi] – The World Factbook &lt;small&gt;(mu cyongereza)&lt;/small&gt;
* [https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burundi/overview Burundi] – Banki y'Isi &lt;small&gt;(mu cyongereza)&lt;/small&gt;

{{Afurika}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Burundi}}
[[Ikiciro:Afurika]]
[[Ikiciro:Ibihugu]]</text>
      <sha1>9d24vvjs5e292ah5kod5hpjqvf3ydz9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>7605</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141433</id>
      <parentid>85343</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:15:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Amahuza y'ibiranga (PMID, doi, ISBN...) yerekeza kuri en.wikipedia aho kuba amahuza atukura</comment>
      <origin>141433</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="91333" sha1="s72zrkfxwbgros0cphr6bsdprhbupwk" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories.
Same as setting notracking = true by default.

Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces.

]]

local uncategorized_namespaces = { 'User', 'Talk', 'User_talk', 'Wikipedia_talk',
	'File_talk', 'Template_talk', 'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk',
	'Book_talk', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk' };
local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'};		-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize


--[[--------------------------&lt; M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Translation table

The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation.
This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this
module.

]]

local messages = {
	['agency'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency
	['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2',
	['archived-live'] = '$1 from the original on $2',
	['archived-missing'] = 'Archived from the original$1 on $2',
	['archived-unfit'] = 'Archived from the original on ',
	['archived'] = 'Archived',
	['by'] = 'By',																-- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword
	['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1',
	['editor'] = 'ed.',
	['editors'] = 'eds.',
	['edition'] = '($1&amp;nbsp;ed.)',
	['episode'] = 'Episode $1',
	['et al'] = 'et&amp;nbsp;al.',
	['in'] = 'In',																-- edited works
	['inactive'] = 'inactive',
	['inset'] = '$1 inset',
	['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1',										
	['lay summary'] = 'Lay summary',
	['mismatch'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; mismatch',	-- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name
	['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['notitle'] = 'No title',													-- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none
	['original'] = 'the original',
	['origdate'] = ' [$1]',
	['published'] = ' (published $1)',
	['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1',
	['season'] = 'Season $1',
	['section'] = '§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['sections'] = '§§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['series'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is series
	['seriesnum'] = 'Series $1',
	['translated'] = 'Translated by $1',
	['type'] = ' ($1)',															-- for titletype
	['written'] = 'Written at $1',

	['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{}
	['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, no.&amp;nbsp;$3',									-- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization)
	['issue'] = '$1 No.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc

	['j-vol'] = '$1 $2',														-- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{}
	['j-issue'] = ' ($1)',

	['nopp'] = '$1 $2';															-- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc

	['p-prefix'] = &quot;$1 p.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,												-- $1 is sepc
	['pp-prefix'] = &quot;$1 pp.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-page(s)'] = ': $1',														-- same for page and pages

	['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc
	['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&amp;nbsp;$2',											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&amp;nbsp;$1',
	
	['language'] = '(in $1)',
	['via'] = &quot; &amp;ndash; via $1&quot;,
	['event'] = 'Event occurs at',
	['minutes'] = 'minutes in',
	
	-- Determines the location of the help page
	['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors',
	['help page label'] = 'help',
	
	-- categories
	['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]',										-- $1 is the category name
	[':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]',								-- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name

	-- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad)
	['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition',
	['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Unrecognized ID key: ',								-- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{}
	['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Unrecognized ID access keyword: ',					-- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{}
	['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable',
	['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare URL found but origin indicator is nil or empty',
	
	['warning_msg_e'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#d33&quot;&gt;One or more &lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt; templates have errors&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link
	['warning_msg_m'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#3a3&quot;&gt;One or more &lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt; templates have maintenance messages&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P &gt;------------------------------------------

this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when
the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name.  |CitationClass= values are
used as class attributes in the &lt;cite&gt; tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while
the canonical template name may.  These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the
template's documentation when an article is displayed in preivew mode.

Most cs1|2 template |CitationClass= values at en.wiki match their canonical template names so are not listed here.

]]

	local citation_class_map_t = {												-- TODO: if kept, these and all other config.CitationClass 'names' require some sort of i18n
		['audio-visual'] = 'AV media',											-- TODO: move to ~/Configuration
		['AV-media-notes'] = 'AV media notes',
		['encyclopaedia'] = 'encyclopedia',
		['mailinglist'] = 'mailing list',
		['pressrelease'] = 'press release'
		}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase &quot;et al&quot; and variants in name text
(author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message.

]=]

local et_al_patterns = {
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.\&quot;']*$&quot;,						-- variations on the 'et al' theme
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.\&quot;']*$&quot;,				-- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match)
	&quot;[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers&quot;,												-- an alternative to et al.
	&quot;%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]&quot;,										-- a wikilinked form
	&quot;%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)&quot;,									-- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax)
	&quot;[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]&quot;,									-- a bracketed form
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E S E N T A T I O N &gt;------------------------

Fixed presentation markup.  Originally part of citation_config.messages it has
been moved into its own, more semantically correct place.

]]

local presentation = 
	{
	-- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display
	['hidden-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-hidden-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['visible-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['hidden-maint'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['accessdate'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;$1$2&lt;/span&gt;',			-- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS

	['bdi'] = '&lt;bdi$1&gt;$2&lt;/bdi&gt;',												-- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like

	['cite'] = '&lt;cite class=&quot;$1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/cite&gt;';									-- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id=&quot;...&quot; attribute
	['cite-id'] = '&lt;cite id=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/cite&gt;';							-- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist

	['format'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;($1)&lt;/span&gt;',						-- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.

	-- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ...
	-- narrow no-break space &amp;#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support?

	['ext-link-access-signal'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',		-- external link with appropriate lock icon
		['free'] = {class='cs1-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'},			-- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css
		['registration'] = {class='cs1-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'},
		['limited'] = {class='cs1-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'},
		['subscription'] = {class='cs1-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'},

	['interwiki-icon'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',
		['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon',

	['italic-title'] = &quot;''$1''&quot;,

	['kern-left'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-left&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;$1',					-- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	['kern-right'] = '$1&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-right&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',					-- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark

	['nowrap1'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',								-- for nowrapping an item: &lt;span ...&gt;yyyy-mm-dd&lt;/span&gt;
	['nowrap2'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt; $2',							-- for nowrapping portions of an item: &lt;span ...&gt;dd mmmm&lt;/span&gt; yyyy (note white space)

	['ocins'] = '&lt;span title=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;Z3988&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['parameter'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
	
	['ps_cs1'] = '.';															-- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character
	['ps_cs2'] = '';															-- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string)

	['quoted-text'] = '&lt;q&gt;$1&lt;/q&gt;',												-- for wrapping |quote= content
	['quoted-title'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',

	['sep_cs1'] = '.',															-- CS1 element separator
	['sep_cs2'] = ',',															-- CS2 separator
	['sep_nl'] = ';',															-- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon
	['sep_nl_and'] = ' and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items
	['sep_nl_end'] = '; and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names
	['sep_name'] = ', ',														-- CS1|2 style last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',',														-- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma
	['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ',													-- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space

	['sep_list'] = ', ',														-- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end
	['sep_list_pair'] = ' and ',												-- used for |language= when list has 2 items
	['sep_list_end'] = ', and ',												-- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items
	
	['trans-italic-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;''$1''&amp;#93;&quot;,
	['trans-quoted-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;$1&amp;#93;&quot;,									-- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote=
	['vol-bold'] = '$1 &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;',												-- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{}
	}

	
--[[--------------------------&lt; A L I A S E S &gt;---------------------------------

Aliases table for commonly passed parameters.

Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been
defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names

]]

local aliases = {
	['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Agency'] = 'agency',
	['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'},							-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format',
	['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld',
	['At'] = 'at',																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Authors'] = {'authors', 'people', 'credits'},
	['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'},
	['Cartography'] = 'cartography',
	['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'},
	['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format',
		'article-format', 'section-format'};
	['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url', 'chapterurl'},	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access',
		'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'},		-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Class'] = 'class',														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier
	['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration',
	['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'},
	['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format',
	['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'},									-- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only
	['Degree'] = 'degree',
	['DF'] = 'df',
	['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'},
	['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors',
	['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors',
	['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers',
	['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators',
	['Docket'] = 'docket',
	['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date',
	['Edition'] = 'edition',
	['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date',
	['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'},			-- cite encyclopedia only
	['Episode'] = 'episode',													-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
	['Format'] = 'format',
	['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'},
	['Inset'] = 'inset',
	['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'},
	['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'},
	['LayDate'] = 'lay-date',
	['LayFormat'] = 'lay-format',
	['LaySource'] = 'lay-source',
	['LayURL'] = 'lay-url',
	['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'},							-- cite mailing list only
	['Map'] = 'map',															-- cite map only
	['MapFormat'] = 'map-format',												-- cite map only
	['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'},											-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access',										-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Minutes'] = 'minutes',
	['Mode'] = 'mode',
	['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style',
	['Network'] = 'network',
	['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup',												-- cite newsgroup only
	['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'},
	['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'},
	['Number'] = 'number',														-- this case only for cite techreport
	['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'},
	['Others'] = 'others',
	['Page'] = {'page', 'p'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'},												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'},
	['Place'] = {'place', 'location'},
	['PostScript'] = 'postscript',
	['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'},
	['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'},
	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'},
	['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'},
	['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page',
	['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages',
	['Ref'] = 'ref',
	['Scale'] = 'scale',
	['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry',
		'script-article', 'script-section'},
	['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map',
	['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper',
		'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'},
	['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote',
	['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title',											-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Season'] = 'season',
	['Sections'] = 'sections',													-- cite map only
	['Series'] = {'series', 'version'},
	['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'},
	['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'},
	['Sheet'] = 'sheet',														-- cite map only
	['Sheets'] = 'sheets',														-- cite map only
	['Station'] = 'station',
	['Time'] = 'time',
	['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption',
	['Title'] = 'title',														-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'},				-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleNote'] = 'department',
	['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'},
	['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution',
		'trans-entry', 'trans-section'},
	['Transcript'] = 'transcript',
	['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format',	
	['TranscriptURL'] = {'transcript-url', 'transcripturl'},					-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TransMap'] = 'trans-map',													-- cite map only
	['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper',
		'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'},
	['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote',
	['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors',
	['Veditors'] = 'veditors',
	['Via'] = 'via',
	['Volume'] = 'volume',
	['Year'] = 'year',

	['AuthorList-First'] = {&quot;first#&quot;, &quot;author-first#&quot;, &quot;author#-first&quot;, &quot;given#&quot;,
		&quot;author-given#&quot;, &quot;author#-given&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Last'] = {&quot;last#&quot;, &quot;author-last#&quot;, &quot;author#-last&quot;, &quot;surname#&quot;,
		&quot;author-surname#&quot;, &quot;author#-surname&quot;, &quot;author#&quot;, &quot;subject#&quot;, 'host#'},
	['AuthorList-Link'] = {&quot;author-link#&quot;, &quot;author#-link&quot;, &quot;subject-link#&quot;,
		&quot;subject#-link&quot;, &quot;authorlink#&quot;, &quot;author#link&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Mask'] = {&quot;author-mask#&quot;, &quot;author#-mask&quot;, &quot;subject-mask#&quot;, &quot;subject#-mask&quot;},

	['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first',
		'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'},
	['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last',
		'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'},
	['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'},
	['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'},

	['EditorList-First'] = {&quot;editor-first#&quot;, &quot;editor#-first&quot;, &quot;editor-given#&quot;, &quot;editor#-given&quot;},
	['EditorList-Last'] = {&quot;editor-last#&quot;, &quot;editor#-last&quot;, &quot;editor-surname#&quot;,
		&quot;editor#-surname&quot;, &quot;editor#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Link'] = {&quot;editor-link#&quot;, &quot;editor#-link&quot;},
	['EditorList-Mask'] = {&quot;editor-mask#&quot;, &quot;editor#-mask&quot;},
	
	['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first',
		'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'},
	['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last',
		'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'},
	['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'},
	['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'},

	['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first',
		'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'},
	['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last',
		'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'},
	['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'},
	['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P U N C T _ S K I P &gt;---------------------------

builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check.

]]

local punct_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap',	'TransTitle',	-- title-holding parameters
	'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask',	-- name-list mask may have name separators
	'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref',											-- miscellaneous
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'LayURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',			-- URL-holding parameters
	}

local url_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'LayURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',		-- parameters allowed to hold urls
	'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages',							-- insource locators allowed to hold urls
	}

local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params)
	for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do								-- for each meta parameter key
		local params = aliases[meta_param];										-- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name
		if 'string' == type (params) then
			skip_t[params] = 1;													-- just a single parameter
		else
			for _, param in ipairs (params) do									-- get the parameter name
				skip_t[param] = 1;												-- add the parameter name to the skip table
				local count;
				param, count = param:gsub ('#', '');							-- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters
				if 0 ~= count then												-- if removed
					skip_t[param] = 1;											-- add param name without enumerator marker
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return skip_t;
end

local punct_skip = {};
local url_skip = {};


--[[-----------&lt; S P E C I A L   C A S E   T R A N S L A T I O N S &gt;------------

This table is primarily here to support internationalization.  Translations in
this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc.,
is extracted from the English alias key.  There may be other cases where
this translation table may be useful.

]]
local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143';
local special_case_translation = {
	['AuthorList'] = 'authors list',											-- used to assemble maintenance category names
	['ContributorList'] = 'contributors list',									-- translation of these names plus translation of the base mainenance category names in maint_cats{} table below
	['EditorList'] = 'editors list',											-- must match the names of the actual categories
	['InterviewerList'] = 'interviewers list',									-- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names()
	['TranslatorList'] = 'translators list',
	
																				-- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value
	['archived_copy'] = {														-- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title
		['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$',											-- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki
		['local'] = nil,														-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		},

																				-- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools
																				-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
	['generic_titles'] = {
		-- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language
		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches
		{['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false},				['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'are you a robot', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'hugedomains.com', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?no +title[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'page not found', true},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?unknown[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'website is for sale', true},				['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^404', false},								['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true},	['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'log into facebook', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'login • instagram', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'redirecting...', true},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'usurped title', true},						['local'] = nil},	-- added by a GreenC bot
		{['en'] = {'webcite query result', true},				['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true},					['local'] = nil},
		},

	['generic_names'] = {
		-- generic names and patterns in this table should be lowercase only
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language
		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches
		{['en'] = {'about us', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'collaborator', true},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'contributor', true},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'contact us', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'directory', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false},			['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false},			['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a]]Ee]mail%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'facebook', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'google', true},											['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'home page', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'instagram', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'interviewer', true},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'linkedIn', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'pinterest', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'policy', true},											['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'privacy', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'translator', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'tumblr', true},											['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'twitter', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'site name', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'statement', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'submitted', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'super.?user', false},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false},	['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'verfasser', true},										['local'] = nil},
		}
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names.
The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names.
If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table.

Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is
required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used.

In these tables, season numbering is defined by
Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard
defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons.
EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons
but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2,
Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the
ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while.

]]

local date_names = {
	['en'] = {																	-- English
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
	['local'] = {																-- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
	['inv_local_l'] = {},														-- used in date reformatting; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_s'] = {},														-- used in date reformatting; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'},	-- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9
	['xlate_digits'] = {},
	}

for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'].long) do								-- this table is ['name'] = i
	date_names['inv_local_l'][i] = name;										-- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd
end

for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'].short) do								-- this table is ['name'] = i
	date_names['inv_local_s'][i] = name;										-- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd
end

for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do								-- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table
	date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld;											-- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value
end

local df_template_patterns = {													-- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}}
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 1159k								-- sorted by approximate transclusion count
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 212k
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 788
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 343
	'{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]',				-- 176
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]',			-- 156 + 18
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]',			-- 149 + 11
	'{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]',				-- 56
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]',			-- 5
	'{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]',				-- 3
	'{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]',		-- 1
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]',			-- 0
	'{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]',				-- 0
	}

local function get_date_format ()
	local content = mw.title.getCurrentTitle():getContent() or '';				-- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625
	for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do							-- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects
		local start, _, match = content:find(pattern);							-- match is the three letters indicating desired date format
		if match then
			content = content:match ('%b{}', start);							-- get the whole template
			if content:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then				-- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length
				return match:lower() .. '-' .. content:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)');
			else
				return match:lower() .. '-all';									-- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df=
			end
		end
	end
end

local global_df;


--[[-----------------&lt; V O L U M E ,  I S S U E ,  P A G E S &gt;------------------

These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support
|volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters.  Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which
is handled in the main module.

]]

local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'}
local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'}
local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'}


--[[

Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages=

]]

local vol_iss_pg_patterns = {
	good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]',												-- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not
	bad_ppatterns = {															-- patterns for |page= and |pages=
		'^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]',
		'^[Pp][Pp]?%.&amp;nbsp;',													-- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates
		'^[Pp]ages?',
		'^[Pp]gs.?',
		},
	vpatterns = {																-- patterns for |volume=
		'^volumes?',
		'^vols?[%.:=]?'
		},
	ipatterns = {																-- patterns for |issue=
		'^issues?',
		'^iss[%.:=]?',
		'^numbers?',
		'^nos?%A',																-- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus'
		'^nr[%.:=]?',
		'^n[%.:= ]'																-- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here)
		}
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S &gt;-------------------------------

These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords.

]]

--[[-------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S   T A B L E &gt;--------------------------

this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of
synonymous keywords possibly from different languages.

for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key.
For example, adding the German keyword 'ja':
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'},

Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis,
it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables.

]]

local keywords = {
	['amp'] = {'&amp;', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, 										-- |name-list-style=
	['and'] = {'and', 'serial'},												-- |name-list-style=
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},										-- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['afterword'] = {'afterword'},												-- |contribution=
	['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'},										-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['cs1'] = {'cs1'},															-- |mode=
	['cs2'] = {'cs2'},															-- |mode=
	['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated'},											-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['dmy'] = {'dmy'},															-- |df=
	['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'},													-- |df=
	['foreword'] = {'foreword'},												-- |contribution=
	['free'] = {'free'},														-- |&lt;id&gt;-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['harv'] = {'harv'},														-- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with &lt;invert&gt; = true
	['introduction'] = {'introduction'},										-- |contribution=
	['limited'] = {'limited'},													-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['live'] = {'live'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['mdy'] = {'mdy'},															-- |df=
	['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'},													-- |df=
	['none'] = {'none'},														-- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['off'] = {'off'},															-- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=)
	['preface'] = {'preface'},													-- |contribution=
	['registration'] = {'registration'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['subscription'] = {'subscription'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['unfit'] = {'unfit'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['usurped'] = {'usurped'},													-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['vanc'] = {'vanc'},														-- |name-list-style=
	['ymd'] = {'ymd'},															-- |df=
	['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'},													-- |df=
	--	['yMd'] = {'yMd'},														-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'},												-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	}


--[[------------------------&lt; X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S &gt;---------------------

this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{}
become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}:
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},		-- in keywords{}
becomes
	['yes'] = 'affirmative',					-- in keywords_xlate{}
	['true'] = 'affirmative',
	['y'] = 'affirmative',

the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent
that may be used in other modules of this suite

]]

local function xlate_keywords ()
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do									-- spin through the keywords table
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do								-- for each keyword
			out_table[keyword] = k;												-- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key
		end
	end
	
	return out_table;
end

local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords ();										-- the list of translated keywords


--[[----------------&lt; M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T &gt;---------------------

this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter.

keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{}

]]

local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists)
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	
	for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do							-- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do								-- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ...
			table.insert (out_table, keyword);									-- ... as plain text, to the output list
		end
	end
	return out_table;
end


--[[----------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S &gt;-----------------------------

this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key].
Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though
some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters:
['yes_true_y'], ['id-access'].

The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the
appropriate list in keywords{}.

The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the
parameters named in this table's keys.

]]

local keywords_lists = {
	['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}),
	['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}),
	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}),
	--	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}),	-- not supported at en.wiki
	['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}),
	['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}),
	['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}),								-- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported
	['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}),
	['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}),
	['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}),
	}


--[[---------------------&lt; S T R I P M A R K E R S &gt;----------------------------

Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go
hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form.

]]

local stripmarkers = {
	['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',			-- capture returns name of stripmarker
	['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127'			-- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker()
	}


--[[------------&lt; I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S &gt;---------------------

This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or
by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes.  The table
is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table
data in an arbitrary order.  Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom
because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified
by the entries at the bottom of the table.

Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the
delete characters.  The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are
because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's
metadata before stripmarker replacement.

]]

local invisible_defs = {
	del = '\127',																-- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char
	zwj = '\226\128\141',														-- used with capture because zwj may be allowed
	}

local invisible_chars = {
	{'replacement', '\239\191\189'},											-- U+FFFD, EF BF BD
	{'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'},						-- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed
	{'zero width space', '\226\128\139'},										-- U+200B, E2 80 8B
	{'hair space', '\226\128\138'},												-- U+200A, E2 80 8A
	{'soft hyphen', '\194\173'},												-- U+00AD, C2 AD
	{'horizontal tab', '\009'},													-- U+0009 (HT), 09
	{'line feed', '\010'},														-- U+000A (LF), 0A
	{'no-break space', '\194\160'},												-- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0
	{'carriage return', '\013'},												-- U+000D (CR), 0D
	{'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any},											-- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type
	{'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'},								-- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker
	{'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'},								-- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D))
	{'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'},										-- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F
	--	{'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'},								-- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF
	--	{'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'},						-- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'},	-- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'},	-- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD
	}

--[[

Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj
characters must be left in.  This pattern covers all of the unicode characters
for these languages:
	Devanagari					0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf
		Devanagari extended		A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf
	Bengali						0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf
	Gurmukhi					0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
	Gujarati					0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf
	Oriya						0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf
	Tamil						0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf
	Telugu						0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf
	Kannada						0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf
	Malayalam					0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf
plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese:
	Sinhala						0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf
	Myanmar						1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf
		Myanmar extended A		AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf
		Myanmar extended B		A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf
the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup()

]]

local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]';

-- list of emoji that use zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji
local emoji = {																	-- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx
	[127752] = true,															-- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow
	[127806] = true,															-- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice
	[127859] = true,															-- U+1F373 🍳 cooking
	[127891] = true,															-- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap
	[127908] = true,															-- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone
	[127912] = true,															-- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette
	[127979] = true,															-- U+1F3EB 🏫 school
	[127981] = true,															-- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory
	[128102] = true,															-- U+1F466 👦 boy
	[128103] = true,															-- U+1F467 👧 girl
	[128104] = true,															-- U+1F468 👨 man
	[128105] = true,															-- U+1F469 👩 woman
	[128139] = true,															-- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark
	[128187] = true,															-- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer
	[128188] = true,															-- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case
	[128295] = true,															-- U+1F527 🔧 wrench
	[128300] = true,															-- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope
	[128488] = true,															-- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble
	[128640] = true,															-- U+1F680 🚀 rocket
	[128658] = true,															-- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine
	[129309] = true,															-- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake
	[129455] = true,															-- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane
	[129456] = true,															-- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair
	[129457] = true,															-- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair
	[129458] = true,															-- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald
	[129459] = true,															-- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair
	[129466] = true,															-- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest
	[129468] = true,															-- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair
	[129469] = true,															-- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair
	[129489] = true,															-- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult
	[9760] = true,																-- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones
	[9792] = true,																-- U+2640 ♀ female sign
	[9794] = true,																-- U+2642 ♂ male sign
	[9877] = true,																-- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius
	[9878] = true,																-- U+2696 ⚖ scales
	[9992] = true,																-- U+2708 ✈ airplane
	[10084] = true,																-- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart
	}


--[[----------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   S U P P O R T &gt;-------------------

These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality.

]]

local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode();						-- get this wiki's language code
	if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then
		this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{int:lang}}');		-- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead
	end

local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all');	-- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests
local mw_languages_by_name_t = {};
	for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do								-- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language=
		v = mw.ustring.lower (v);												-- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[&lt;tag&gt;]
		if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then										-- when name already in the table
			if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then											-- if tag does not have subtags
				mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;									-- prefer the shortest tag for this name
			end
		else																	-- here when name not in the table
			mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;										-- so add name and matching tag
		end
	end

local inter_wiki_map = {};														-- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes
	for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do						-- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local)
		if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] then								-- if the prefix matches a known language tag
			inter_wiki_map[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] = true;									-- add it to our local map
		end
	end


--[[--------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S &gt;-------------------

This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character
language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter=

]]

local script_lang_codes = {
	'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'gu', 
	'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk',
	'ml', 'mn', 'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc',
	'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi', 'yue', 'zh'
	};


--[[---------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   R E M A P P I N G &gt;----------------------

These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions

For each ['code'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', 'code'} in lang_name_remap{}

lang_code_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language code or a valid lowercase IETF language tag
	value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with key
	only one language name per key;
	key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{}

lang_name_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase language name
	value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated code [2] (code must match a code key in lang_code_remap{})
	may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and code; For example:
		['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh'

]]

local lang_code_remap = {														-- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter=
	['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian',													-- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch 
	['bh'] = 'Bihari',															-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bla'] = 'Blackfoot',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['bn'] = 'Bengali',															-- MediaWiki returns Bangla
	['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian',												-- IETF variant of Catalan
	['ilo'] = 'Ilocano',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['ksh'] = 'Kölsch',															-- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien',											-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name
	}

local lang_name_remap = {														-- used for |language=
	['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org
	['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},												-- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap
	['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},											-- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code
	['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'},											-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'},												-- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found
	['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'},										-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'},								-- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh
	['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'},											-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö)
	['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'},								-- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639
	['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-TW'},					-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese 
	['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'},								-- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found
	['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca'},										-- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Catalan
	}


--[[---------------&lt; P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------

Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations.

]]

local prop_cats = {
	['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',					-- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1',	-- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key
	['jul-greg-uncertainty'] = 'CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty',				-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of template with dates 1 October 1582 – 1 January 1926
	['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',						-- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false
	['location-test'] = 'CS1 location test',
	['long-vol'] = 'CS1: long volume value',									-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 charachters
	['script'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)',							-- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 tracked parameter: $1',							-- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name
	['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: abbreviated year range',					-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form
	}


--[[-------------------&lt; T I T L E _ T Y P E S &gt;--------------------------------

Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter)

]]

local title_types = {
	['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes',
	['interview'] = 'Interview',
	['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list',
	['map'] = 'Map',
	['podcast'] = 'Podcast',
	['pressrelease'] = 'Press release',
	['report'] = 'Report',
	['speech'] = 'Speech',
	['techreport'] = 'Technical report',
	['thesis'] = 'Thesis',
	}


--[[===================&lt;&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G I N G &gt;&gt;======================
]]

--[[----------&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G E   S U P P L I M E N T S &gt;-------------

I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that
describes the reason for the error

TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}?
]]

local err_msg_supl = {
	['char'] = 'invalid character',												-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['check'] = 'checksum',														-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['flag'] = 'flag',															-- |archive-url=
	['form'] = 'invalid form',													-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['group'] = 'invalid group id',												-- |isbn=
	['initials'] = 'initials',													-- Vancouver
	['invalid language code'] = 'invalid language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['journal'] = 'journal',													-- |bibcode=
	['length'] = 'length',														-- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn=
	['liveweb'] = 'liveweb',													-- |archive-url=
	['missing comma'] = 'missing comma',										-- Vancouver
	['missing prefix'] = 'missing prefix',										-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['missing title part'] = 'missing title part',								-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['name'] = 'name',															-- Vancouver
	['non-Latin char'] = 'non-Latin character',									-- Vancouver
	['path'] = 'path',															-- |archive-url=
	['prefix'] = 'invalid prefix',												-- |isbn=
	['punctuation'] = 'punctuation',											-- Vancouver
	['save'] = 'save command',													-- |archive-url=
	['suffix'] = 'suffix',														-- Vancouver
	['timestamp'] = 'timestamp',												-- |archive-url=
	['unknown language code'] = 'unknown language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['value'] = 'value',														-- |bibcode=
	['year'] = 'year',															-- |bibcode=
	}


--[[--------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S &gt;---------------------------

Error condition table.  This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance
at the bottom.  Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil)

The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the
code.  For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to
include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment.

Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors

TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error
and maint tables inside that?

]]

local error_conditions = {
	err_accessdate_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;access-date=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: access-date without URL',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_apostrophe_markup = {
		message = 'Italic or bold markup not allowed in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'apostrophe_markup',
		category = 'CS1 errors: markup',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_archive_missing_date = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; is malformed: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'archive_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_arxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'arxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_asintld_missing_asin = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_arxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_arxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin_tld = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin-tld=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin_tld',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_bibcode = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;bibcode=&lt;/code&gt; $1',		-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_bibcode',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_biorxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_biorxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_citeseerx = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_citeseerx',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_date = {
		message = 'Check date values in: $1',									-- $1 is a parameter name list
		anchor = 'bad_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: dates',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_doi = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_hdl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;hdl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_hdl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: HDL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_isbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ismn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ismn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ismn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_issn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1issn=&lt;/code&gt; value',	-- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn
		anchor = 'bad_issn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jfm = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jfm=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jfm',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JFM',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jstor = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jstor=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jstor',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JSTOR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_lccn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;lccn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_lccn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_mr = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;mr=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_mr',
		category = 'CS1 errors: MR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_oclc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;oclc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_oclc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ol = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ol=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ol',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_osti = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;osti=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_osti',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OSTI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_paramlink = {														-- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link=
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; value',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_paramlink',
		category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_rfc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;rfc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_rfc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: RFC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_s2cid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;s2cid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_s2cid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: S2CID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_sbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;sbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_sbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ssrn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ssrn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_url = {
		message = 'Check $1 value',												-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_usenet_id = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;message-id=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_message_id',
		category = 'CS1 errors: message-id',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_zbl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;zbl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_zbl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Zbl',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bare_url_missing_title = {
		message = '$1 missing title',											-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bare URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_biorxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'biorxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',										-- same as bad bioRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_chapter_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'chapter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citation_missing_title = {
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'citation_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citeseerx_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'citeseerx_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',										-- same as bad citeseerx
		hidden = false
		},
	err_cite_web_url = {														-- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'cite_web_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: requires URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_class_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;class=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'class_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: class',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'contributor_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_missing_required_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_deprecated_params = {
		message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'deprecated_params',
		category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_disp_name = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value
		anchor = 'disp_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: display-names',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_doibroken_missing_doi = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_embargo_missing_pmc = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC embargo',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_empty_citation = {
		message = 'Empty citation',
		anchor = 'empty_citation',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty citation',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_etal = {
		message = 'Explicit use of et al. in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'explicit_et_al',
		category = 'CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_extra_text_edition = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;edition=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',
		anchor = 'extra_text_edition',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: edition',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_issue = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_issue',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: issue',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_pages = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_pages',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: pages',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_volume = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_volume',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: volume',
		hidden = true,
		},
	err_first_missing_last = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias
		anchor = 'first_missing_last',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_format_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter
		anchor = 'format_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: format without URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_generic_name = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has generic name',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'generic_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic name',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_generic_title = {
		message = 'Cite uses generic title',
		anchor = 'generic_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic title',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_invalid_param_val = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value
		anchor = 'invalid_param_val',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_invisible_char = {
		message = '$1 in $2 at position $3',									-- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number
		anchor = 'invisible_char',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_name = {
		message = 'Missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1$2=&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator
		anchor = 'missing_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_periodical = {
		message = 'Cite $1 requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_periodical',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing periodical',
		hidden = true
		},
	err_missing_pipe = {
		message = 'Missing pipe in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'missing_pipe',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing pipe',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_access_requires_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1-access=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_access_requires_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: param-access',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_ext_link = {
		message = 'External link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_ext_link',
		category = 'CS1 errors: external links',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored_suggest = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored (&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; suggested)',	-- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_redundant_parameters = {
		message = 'More than one of $1 specified',								-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'redundant_parameters',
		category = 'CS1 errors: redundant parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_script_parameter = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;: $2',		-- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail
		anchor = 'script_parameter',
		category = 'CS1 errors: script parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_ssrn_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'ssrn_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_text_ignored = {
		message = 'Text &quot;$1&quot; ignored',											-- $1 is ignored text
		anchor = 'text_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_trans_missing_title = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans-$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;script-$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is base parameter name
		anchor = 'trans_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: translated title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_unknown_empty = {
		message = 'Cite has empty unknown parameter$1: $2',						-- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list
		anchor = 'param_unknown_empty',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_vancouver = {
		message = 'Vancouver style error: $1 in name $2',						-- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name
		anchor = 'vancouver',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_wikilink_in_url = {
		message = 'URL–wikilink conflict',										-- uses ndash
		anchor = 'wikilink_in_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict',							-- uses ndash
		hidden = false
		},


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A I N T &gt;-------------------------------------

maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure
is the same as error messages

]]

	maint_archived_copy = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archived_copy',
		category = 'CS1 maint: archived copy as title',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_authors = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'authors',
		category = 'CS1 maint: uses authors parameter',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bot_unknown = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bot:_unknown',
		category = 'CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_auto_xlated = {													-- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_auto_xlated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date auto-translated',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_year = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_year',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date and year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_ignore',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored DOI errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive_dated = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1',						-- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_extra_punct = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'extra_punct',
		category = 'CS1 maint: extra punctuation',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_isbn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_issn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_issn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_jfm_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'jfm_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: JFM format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location',
		category = 'CS1 maint: location',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_mr_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mr_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: MR format',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_mult_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mult_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: multiple names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_numeric_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: numeric names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others_avm = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others_avm',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_pmc_embargo = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'embargo',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'pmc_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_postscript = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'postscript',
		category = 'CS1 maint: postscript',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_ref_duplicates_default = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ref_default',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ref duplicates default',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_unfit = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'unfit',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unfit URL',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_unknown_lang = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'unknown_lang',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unrecognized language',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_untitled = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'untitled',
		category = 'CS1 maint: untitled periodical',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_url_status = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'url_status',
		category = 'CS1 maint: url-status',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_zbl = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'zbl',
		category = 'CS1 maint: Zbl',
		hidden = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ H A N D L E R S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers.  For each
identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the
identifier in the citation.

	parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form
	link: Wikipedia article name
	redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name;  at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number'
	q: Wikidata q number for the identifier
	label: the label preceeding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order):
		redirect from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true
		Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].q
		local article name from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].link
	prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier
	suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier
	encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false
	COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS:
		for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label 
		for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn
		for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url
		for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here)
		set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS
	separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation
	id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit
	access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier.
		the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file).
	custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter
		to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access')
		
]]

local id_handlers = {
	['ARXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'},
		link = 'arXiv',
		redirect = ':en:arXiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q118398',
		label = 'arXiv',
		prefix = '//arxiv.org/abs/', 											-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:arxiv',
		separator = ':',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['ASIN'] = {
		parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' },
		link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number',
		redirect = ':en:ASIN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1753278',
		label = 'ASIN',
		prefix = '//www.amazon.',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = false;
		},
	['BIBCODE'] = {
		parameters = {'bibcode'},
		link = 'Bibcode',
		redirect = ':en:Bibcode (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25754',
		label = 'Bibcode',
		prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:bibcode',
		separator = ':',
		custom_access = 'bibcode-access',
		},
	['BIORXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'biorxiv'},
		link = 'bioRxiv',
		redirect = ':en:bioRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q19835482',
		label = 'bioRxiv',
		prefix = '//doi.org/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['CITESEERX'] = {
		parameters = {'citeseerx'},
		link = 'CiteSeerX',
		redirect = ':en:CiteSeerX (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2715061',
		label = 'CiteSeerX',
		prefix = '//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=',
		COinS =  'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['DOI'] = {																	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'},
		link = 'Digital object identifier',
		redirect = ':en:doi (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25670',
		label = 'doi',
		prefix = '//doi.org/',
		COinS = 'info:doi',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'doi-access',
		},
	['EISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN',
		redirect = ':en:eISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q46339674',
		label = 'eISSN',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.eissn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['HDL'] = {
		parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' },
		link = 'Handle System',
		redirect = ':en:hdl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q3126718',
		label = 'hdl',
		prefix = '//hdl.handle.net/',
		COinS = 'info:hdl',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'hdl-access',
		},
	['ISBN'] = {																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'},
		link = 'International Standard Book Number',
		redirect = ':en:ISBN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q33057',
		label = 'ISBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/',
		COinS = 'rft.isbn',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISMN'] = {
		parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'},
		link = 'International Standard Music Number',
		redirect = ':en:ISMN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1666938',
		label = 'ISMN',
		prefix = '',															-- not currently used;
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number',
		redirect = ':en:ISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q131276',
		label = 'ISSN',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.issn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JFM'] = {
		parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'},
		link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik',
		redirect = ':en:JFM (identifier)',
		q = '',
		label = 'JFM',
		prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JSTOR'] = {
		parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'},
		link = 'JSTOR',
		redirect = ':en:JSTOR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1420342',
		label = 'JSTOR',
		prefix = '//www.jstor.org/stable/', 									-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		custom_access = 'jstor-access',
		},
	['LCCN'] = {
		parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'},
		link = 'Library of Congress Control Number',
		redirect = ':en:LCCN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q620946',
		label = 'LCCN',
		prefix = '//lccn.loc.gov/', 											-- protocol-relative tested 2015-12-28
		COinS = 'info:lccn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MR'] = {
		parameters = {'mr', 'MR'},
		link = 'Mathematical Reviews',
		redirect = ':en:MR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q211172',
		label = 'MR',
		prefix = '//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', 						-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['OCLC'] = {
		parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'},
		link = 'OCLC',
		redirect = ':en:OCLC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190593',
		label = 'OCLC',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/',
		COinS = 'info:oclcnum',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 9999999999,													-- 10-digits
		},
	['OL'] = {
		parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' },
		link = 'Open Library',
		redirect = ':en:OL (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1201876',
		label = 'OL',
		prefix = '//openlibrary.org/',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'ol-access',
		},
	['OSTI'] = {
		parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'},
		link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information',
		redirect = ':en:OSTI (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2015776',
		label = 'OSTI',
		prefix = '//www.osti.gov/biblio/',										-- protocol-relative tested 2018-09-12
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 23000000,
		custom_access = 'osti-access',
		},
	['PMC'] = {
		parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'},
		link = 'PubMed Central',
		redirect = ':en:PMC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q229883',
		label = 'PMC',
		prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC',
		suffix = '',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 9300000,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['PMID'] = {
		parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'},
		link = 'PubMed Identifier',
		redirect = ':en:PMID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2082879',
		label = 'PMID',
		prefix = '//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:pmid',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 35900000,
		},
	['RFC'] = {
		parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'},
		link = 'Request for Comments',
		redirect = ':en:RFC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q212971',
		label = 'RFC',
		prefix = '//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 9300,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['SBN'] = {
		parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'},
		link = 'Standard Book Number',											-- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History
		redirect = ':en:SBN (identifier)',
		label = 'SBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-',										-- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['SSRN'] = {
		parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'},
		link = 'Social Science Research Network',
		redirect = ':en:SSRN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q7550801',
		label = 'SSRN',
		prefix = '//ssrn.com/abstract=', 										-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 4100000,
		custom_access = 'ssrn-access',
		},
	['S2CID'] = {
		parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'},
		link = 'Semantic Scholar',
		redirect = ':en:S2CID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q22908627',
		label = 'S2CID',
		prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 250000000,
		custom_access = 's2cid-access',
		},
	['USENETID'] = {
		parameters = {'message-id'},
		link = 'Usenet',
		redirect = ':en:Usenet (identifier)',
		q = 'Q193162',
		label = 'Usenet:',
		prefix = 'news:',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ZBL'] = {
		parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' },
		link = 'Zentralblatt MATH',
		redirect = ':en:Zbl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190269',
		label = 'Zbl',
		prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;---------------------------------
]]

return 	{
	use_identifier_redirects = true,											-- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki
	local_lang_cat_enable = false;												-- when true categorizes pages where |language=&lt;local wiki's language&gt;; always false at en.wiki
	date_name_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki
	date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki
	
	global_df = get_date_format (),												-- tables and variables created when this module is loaded
	punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params),
	url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params),

	aliases = aliases,
	special_case_translation = special_case_translation,
	date_names = date_names,
	err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl,
	error_conditions = error_conditions,
	editor_markup_patterns = editor_markup_patterns,
	et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns,
	id_handlers = id_handlers,
	keywords_lists = keywords_lists,
	keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate,
	stripmarkers=stripmarkers,
	invisible_chars = invisible_chars,
	invisible_defs = invisible_defs,
	indic_script = indic_script,
	emoji = emoji,
	local_lang_cat_enable = local_lang_cat_enable,
	maint_cats = maint_cats,
	messages = messages,
	presentation = presentation,
	prop_cats = prop_cats,
	script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes,
	lang_code_remap = lang_code_remap,
	lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap,
	this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code,
	title_types = title_types,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume,
	templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue,
	templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page,
	vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns,
	
	inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map,
	mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t,
	mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t,
	citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t,
	}</text>
      <sha1>s72zrkfxwbgros0cphr6bsdprhbupwk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141472</id>
      <parentid>141433</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:06:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kuvugurura id_limit ya PMID (43000000) na PMC (13000000)</comment>
      <origin>141472</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="91334" sha1="ocqqkfgt46o6r2xo46e0mqb1a0lo9o1" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories.
Same as setting notracking = true by default.

Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces.

]]

local uncategorized_namespaces = { 'User', 'Talk', 'User_talk', 'Wikipedia_talk',
	'File_talk', 'Template_talk', 'Help_talk', 'Category_talk', 'Portal_talk',
	'Book_talk', 'Draft_talk', 'Education_Program_talk', 'Module_talk', 'MediaWiki_talk' };
local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases', '/[^/]*[Ll]og', '/[Aa]rchive'};		-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize


--[[--------------------------&lt; M E S S A G E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Translation table

The following contains fixed text that may be output as part of a citation.
This is separated from the main body to aid in future translations of this
module.

]]

local messages = {
	['agency'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is agency
	['archived-dead'] = 'Archived from $1 on $2',
	['archived-live'] = '$1 from the original on $2',
	['archived-missing'] = 'Archived from the original$1 on $2',
	['archived-unfit'] = 'Archived from the original on ',
	['archived'] = 'Archived',
	['by'] = 'By',																-- contributions to authored works: introduction, foreword, afterword
	['cartography'] = 'Cartography by $1',
	['editor'] = 'ed.',
	['editors'] = 'eds.',
	['edition'] = '($1&amp;nbsp;ed.)',
	['episode'] = 'Episode $1',
	['et al'] = 'et&amp;nbsp;al.',
	['in'] = 'In',																-- edited works
	['inactive'] = 'inactive',
	['inset'] = '$1 inset',
	['interview'] = 'Interviewed by $1',										
	['lay summary'] = 'Lay summary',
	['mismatch'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; / &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; mismatch',	-- $1 is year param name; $2 is date param name
	['newsgroup'] = '[[Usenet newsgroup|Newsgroup]]:&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['notitle'] = 'No title',													-- for |title=(()) and (in the future) |title=none
	['original'] = 'the original',
	['origdate'] = ' [$1]',
	['published'] = ' (published $1)',
	['retrieved'] = 'Retrieved $1',
	['season'] = 'Season $1',
	['section'] = '§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['sections'] = '§§&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['series'] = '$1 $2',														-- $1 is sepc, $2 is series
	['seriesnum'] = 'Series $1',
	['translated'] = 'Translated by $1',
	['type'] = ' ($1)',															-- for titletype
	['written'] = 'Written at $1',

	['vol'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc; bold journal style volume is in presentation{}
	['vol-no'] = '$1 Vol.&amp;nbsp;$2, no.&amp;nbsp;$3',									-- sepc, volume, issue (alternatively insert $1 after $2, but then we'd also have to change capitalization)
	['issue'] = '$1 No.&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc

	['j-vol'] = '$1 $2',														-- sepc, volume; bold journal volume is in presentation{}
	['j-issue'] = ' ($1)',

	['nopp'] = '$1 $2';															-- page(s) without prefix; $1 is sepc

	['p-prefix'] = &quot;$1 p.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,												-- $1 is sepc
	['pp-prefix'] = &quot;$1 pp.&amp;nbsp;$2&quot;,											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-page(s)'] = ': $1',														-- same for page and pages

	['sheet'] = '$1 Sheet&amp;nbsp;$2',												-- $1 is sepc
	['sheets'] = '$1 Sheets&amp;nbsp;$2',											-- $1 is sepc
	['j-sheet'] = ': Sheet&amp;nbsp;$1',
	['j-sheets'] = ': Sheets&amp;nbsp;$1',
	
	['language'] = '(in $1)',
	['via'] = &quot; &amp;ndash; via $1&quot;,
	['event'] = 'Event occurs at',
	['minutes'] = 'minutes in',
	
	-- Determines the location of the help page
	['help page link'] = 'Help:CS1 errors',
	['help page label'] = 'help',
	
	-- categories
	['cat wikilink'] = '[[Category:$1]]',										-- $1 is the category name
	[':cat wikilink'] = '[[:Category:$1|link]]',								-- category name as maintenance message wikilink; $1 is the category name

	-- Internal errors (should only occur if configuration is bad)
	['undefined_error'] = 'Called with an undefined error condition',
	['unknown_ID_key'] = 'Unrecognized ID key: ',								-- an ID key in id_handlers not found in ~/Identifiers func_map{}
	['unknown_ID_access'] = 'Unrecognized ID access keyword: ',					-- an ID access keyword in id_handlers not found in keywords_lists['id-access']{}
	['unknown_argument_map'] = 'Argument map not defined for this variable',
	['bare_url_no_origin'] = 'Bare URL found but origin indicator is nil or empty',
	
	['warning_msg_e'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#d33&quot;&gt;One or more &lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt; templates have errors&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link
	['warning_msg_m'] = '&lt;span style=&quot;color:#3a3&quot;&gt;One or more &lt;code style=&quot;color: inherit; background: inherit; border: none; padding: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;#123;{$1}}&lt;/code&gt; templates have maintenance messages&lt;/span&gt;; messages may be hidden ([[Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display|help]]).';	-- $1 is template link
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C I T A T I O N _ C L A S S _ M A P &gt;------------------------------------------

this table maps the value assigned to |CitationClass= in the cs1|2 templates to the canonical template name when
the value assigned to |CitationClass= is different from the canonical template name.  |CitationClass= values are
used as class attributes in the &lt;cite&gt; tag that encloses the citation so these names may not contain spaces while
the canonical template name may.  These names are used in warning_msg_e and warning_msg_m to create links to the
template's documentation when an article is displayed in preivew mode.

Most cs1|2 template |CitationClass= values at en.wiki match their canonical template names so are not listed here.

]]

	local citation_class_map_t = {												-- TODO: if kept, these and all other config.CitationClass 'names' require some sort of i18n
		['audio-visual'] = 'AV media',											-- TODO: move to ~/Configuration
		['AV-media-notes'] = 'AV media notes',
		['encyclopaedia'] = 'encyclopedia',
		['mailinglist'] = 'mailing list',
		['pressrelease'] = 'press release'
		}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; E T _ A L _ P A T T E R N S &gt;--------------------------------------------------

This table provides Lua patterns for the phrase &quot;et al&quot; and variants in name text
(author, editor, etc.). The main module uses these to identify and emit the 'etal' message.

]=]

local et_al_patterns = {
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][%.\&quot;']*$&quot;,						-- variations on the 'et al' theme
	&quot;[;,]? *[\&quot;']*%f[%a][Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll][Ii][AaIi][Ee]?[%.\&quot;']*$&quot;,				-- variations on the 'et alia', 'et alii' and 'et aliae' themes (false positive 'et aliie' unlikely to match)
	&quot;[;,]? *%f[%a]and [Oo]thers&quot;,												-- an alternative to et al.
	&quot;%[%[ *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%]%]&quot;,										-- a wikilinked form
	&quot;%(%( *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *%)%)&quot;,									-- a double-bracketed form (to counter partial removal of ((...)) syntax)
	&quot;[%(%[] *[Ee][Tt]%.? *[Aa][Ll]%.? *[%)%]]&quot;,									-- a bracketed form
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E S E N T A T I O N &gt;------------------------

Fixed presentation markup.  Originally part of citation_config.messages it has
been moved into its own, more semantically correct place.

]]

local presentation = 
	{
	-- .citation-comment class is specified at Help:CS1_errors#Controlling_error_message_display
	['hidden-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-hidden-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['visible-error'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-visible-error citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	['hidden-maint'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-maint citation-comment&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['accessdate'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;reference-accessdate&quot;&gt;$1$2&lt;/span&gt;',			-- to allow editors to hide accessdate using personal CSS

	['bdi'] = '&lt;bdi$1&gt;$2&lt;/bdi&gt;',												-- bidirectional isolation used with |script-title= and the like

	['cite'] = '&lt;cite class=&quot;$1&quot;&gt;$2&lt;/cite&gt;';									-- for use when citation does not have a namelist and |ref= not set so no id=&quot;...&quot; attribute
	['cite-id'] = '&lt;cite id=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/cite&gt;';							-- for use when when |ref= is set or when citation has a namelist

	['format'] = ' &lt;span class=&quot;cs1-format&quot;&gt;($1)&lt;/span&gt;',						-- for |format=, |chapter-format=, etc.

	-- various access levels, for |access=, |doi-access=, |arxiv=, ...
	-- narrow no-break space &amp;#8239; may work better than nowrap CSS. Or not? Browser support?

	['ext-link-access-signal'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',		-- external link with appropriate lock icon
		['free'] = {class='cs1-lock-free', title='Freely accessible'},			-- classes defined in Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css
		['registration'] = {class='cs1-lock-registration', title='Free registration required'},
		['limited'] = {class='cs1-lock-limited', title='Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required'},
		['subscription'] = {class='cs1-lock-subscription', title='Paid subscription required'},

	['interwiki-icon'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;$1&quot; title=&quot;$2&quot;&gt;$3&lt;/span&gt;',
		['class-wikisource'] = 'cs1-ws-icon',

	['italic-title'] = &quot;''$1''&quot;,

	['kern-left'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-left&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;$1',					-- spacing to use when title contains leading single or double quote mark
	['kern-right'] = '$1&lt;span class=&quot;cs1-kern-right&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',					-- spacing to use when title contains trailing single or double quote mark

	['nowrap1'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt;',								-- for nowrapping an item: &lt;span ...&gt;yyyy-mm-dd&lt;/span&gt;
	['nowrap2'] = '&lt;span class=&quot;nowrap&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/span&gt; $2',							-- for nowrapping portions of an item: &lt;span ...&gt;dd mmmm&lt;/span&gt; yyyy (note white space)

	['ocins'] = '&lt;span title=&quot;$1&quot; class=&quot;Z3988&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;',
	
	['parameter'] = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',
	
	['ps_cs1'] = '.';															-- CS1 style postscript (terminal) character
	['ps_cs2'] = '';															-- CS2 style postscript (terminal) character (empty string)

	['quoted-text'] = '&lt;q&gt;$1&lt;/q&gt;',												-- for wrapping |quote= content
	['quoted-title'] = '&quot;$1&quot;',

	['sep_cs1'] = '.',															-- CS1 element separator
	['sep_cs2'] = ',',															-- CS2 separator
	['sep_nl'] = ';',															-- CS1|2 style name-list separator between names is a semicolon
	['sep_nl_and'] = ' and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 2 items
	['sep_nl_end'] = '; and ',													-- used as last nl sep when |name-list-style=and and list has 3+ names
	['sep_name'] = ', ',														-- CS1|2 style last/first separator is &lt;comma&gt;&lt;space&gt;
	['sep_nl_vanc'] = ',',														-- Vancouver style name-list separator between authors is a comma
	['sep_name_vanc'] = ' ',													-- Vancouver style last/first separator is a space

	['sep_list'] = ', ',														-- used for |language= when list has 3+ items except for last sep which uses sep_list_end
	['sep_list_pair'] = ' and ',												-- used for |language= when list has 2 items
	['sep_list_end'] = ', and ',												-- used as last list sep for |language= when list has 3+ items
	
	['trans-italic-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;''$1''&amp;#93;&quot;,
	['trans-quoted-title'] = &quot;&amp;#91;$1&amp;#93;&quot;,									-- for |trans-title= and |trans-quote=
	['vol-bold'] = '$1 &lt;b&gt;$2&lt;/b&gt;',												-- sepc, volume; for bold journal cites; for other cites ['vol'] in messages{}
	}

	
--[[--------------------------&lt; A L I A S E S &gt;---------------------------------

Aliases table for commonly passed parameters.

Parameter names on the right side in the assignments in this table must have been
defined in the Whitelist before they will be recognized as valid parameter names

]]

local aliases = {
	['AccessDate'] = {'access-date', 'accessdate'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Agency'] = 'agency',
	['ArchiveDate'] = {'archive-date', 'archivedate'},							-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ArchiveFormat'] = 'archive-format',
	['ArchiveURL'] = {'archive-url', 'archiveurl'},								-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ASINTLD'] = 'asin-tld',
	['At'] = 'at',																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Authors'] = {'authors', 'people', 'credits'},
	['BookTitle'] = {'book-title', 'booktitle'},
	['Cartography'] = 'cartography',
	['Chapter'] = {'chapter', 'contribution', 'entry', 'article', 'section'},
	['ChapterFormat'] = {'chapter-format', 'contribution-format', 'entry-format',
		'article-format', 'section-format'};
	['ChapterURL'] = {'chapter-url', 'contribution-url', 'entry-url', 'article-url', 'section-url', 'chapterurl'},	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['ChapterUrlAccess'] = {'chapter-url-access', 'contribution-url-access',
		'entry-url-access', 'article-url-access', 'section-url-access'},		-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Class'] = 'class',														-- cite arxiv and arxiv identifier
	['Collaboration'] = 'collaboration',
	['Conference'] = {'conference', 'event'},
	['ConferenceFormat'] = 'conference-format',
	['ConferenceURL'] = 'conference-url',										-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Date'] = {'date', 'air-date', 'airdate'},									-- air-date and airdate for cite episode and cite serial only
	['Degree'] = 'degree',
	['DF'] = 'df',
	['DisplayAuthors'] = {'display-authors', 'display-subjects'},
	['DisplayContributors'] = 'display-contributors',
	['DisplayEditors'] = 'display-editors',
	['DisplayInterviewers'] = 'display-interviewers',
	['DisplayTranslators'] = 'display-translators',
	['Docket'] = 'docket',
	['DoiBroken'] = 'doi-broken-date',
	['Edition'] = 'edition',
	['Embargo'] = 'pmc-embargo-date',
	['Encyclopedia'] = {'encyclopedia', 'encyclopaedia', 'dictionary'},			-- cite encyclopedia only
	['Episode'] = 'episode',													-- cite serial only TODO: make available to cite episode?
	['Format'] = 'format',
	['ID'] = {'id', 'ID'},
	['Inset'] = 'inset',
	['Issue'] = {'issue', 'number'},
	['Language'] = {'language', 'lang'},
	['LayDate'] = 'lay-date',
	['LayFormat'] = 'lay-format',
	['LaySource'] = 'lay-source',
	['LayURL'] = 'lay-url',
	['MailingList'] = {'mailing-list', 'mailinglist'},							-- cite mailing list only
	['Map'] = 'map',															-- cite map only
	['MapFormat'] = 'map-format',												-- cite map only
	['MapURL'] = {'map-url', 'mapurl'},											-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['MapUrlAccess'] = 'map-url-access',										-- cite map only -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Minutes'] = 'minutes',
	['Mode'] = 'mode',
	['NameListStyle'] = 'name-list-style',
	['Network'] = 'network',
	['Newsgroup'] = 'newsgroup',												-- cite newsgroup only
	['NoPP'] = {'no-pp', 'nopp'},
	['NoTracking'] = {'no-tracking', 'template-doc-demo'},
	['Number'] = 'number',														-- this case only for cite techreport
	['OrigDate'] = {'orig-date', 'orig-year', 'origyear'},
	['Others'] = 'others',
	['Page'] = {'page', 'p'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Pages'] = {'pages', 'pp'},												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Periodical'] = {'journal', 'magazine', 'newspaper', 'periodical', 'website', 'work'},
	['Place'] = {'place', 'location'},
	['PostScript'] = 'postscript',
	['PublicationDate'] = {'publication-date', 'publicationdate'},
	['PublicationPlace'] = {'publication-place', 'publicationplace'},
	['PublisherName'] = {'publisher', 'institution'},
	['Quote'] = {'quote', 'quotation'},
	['QuotePage'] = 'quote-page',
	['QuotePages'] = 'quote-pages',
	['Ref'] = 'ref',
	['Scale'] = 'scale',
	['ScriptChapter'] = {'script-chapter', 'script-contribution', 'script-entry',
		'script-article', 'script-section'},
	['ScriptMap'] = 'script-map',
	['ScriptPeriodical'] = {'script-journal', 'script-magazine', 'script-newspaper',
		'script-periodical', 'script-website', 'script-work'},
	['ScriptQuote'] = 'script-quote',
	['ScriptTitle'] = 'script-title',											-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Season'] = 'season',
	['Sections'] = 'sections',													-- cite map only
	['Series'] = {'series', 'version'},
	['SeriesLink'] = {'series-link', 'serieslink'},
	['SeriesNumber'] = {'series-number', 'series-no'},
	['Sheet'] = 'sheet',														-- cite map only
	['Sheets'] = 'sheets',														-- cite map only
	['Station'] = 'station',
	['Time'] = 'time',
	['TimeCaption'] = 'time-caption',
	['Title'] = 'title',														-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleLink'] = {'title-link', 'episode-link', 'episodelink'},				-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TitleNote'] = 'department',
	['TitleType'] = {'type', 'medium'},
	['TransChapter'] = {'trans-article', 'trans-chapter', 'trans-contribution',
		'trans-entry', 'trans-section'},
	['Transcript'] = 'transcript',
	['TranscriptFormat'] = 'transcript-format',	
	['TranscriptURL'] = {'transcript-url', 'transcripturl'},					-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['TransMap'] = 'trans-map',													-- cite map only
	['TransPeriodical'] = {'trans-journal', 'trans-magazine', 'trans-newspaper',
		'trans-periodical', 'trans-website', 'trans-work'},
	['TransQuote'] = 'trans-quote',
	['TransTitle'] = 'trans-title',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['URL'] = {'url', 'URL'},													-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlAccess'] = 'url-access',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['UrlStatus'] = 'url-status',												-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['Vauthors'] = 'vauthors',
	['Veditors'] = 'veditors',
	['Via'] = 'via',
	['Volume'] = 'volume',
	['Year'] = 'year',

	['AuthorList-First'] = {&quot;first#&quot;, &quot;author-first#&quot;, &quot;author#-first&quot;, &quot;given#&quot;,
		&quot;author-given#&quot;, &quot;author#-given&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Last'] = {&quot;last#&quot;, &quot;author-last#&quot;, &quot;author#-last&quot;, &quot;surname#&quot;,
		&quot;author-surname#&quot;, &quot;author#-surname&quot;, &quot;author#&quot;, &quot;subject#&quot;, 'host#'},
	['AuthorList-Link'] = {&quot;author-link#&quot;, &quot;author#-link&quot;, &quot;subject-link#&quot;,
		&quot;subject#-link&quot;, &quot;authorlink#&quot;, &quot;author#link&quot;},
	['AuthorList-Mask'] = {&quot;author-mask#&quot;, &quot;author#-mask&quot;, &quot;subject-mask#&quot;, &quot;subject#-mask&quot;},

	['ContributorList-First'] = {'contributor-first#', 'contributor#-first',
		'contributor-given#', 'contributor#-given'},
	['ContributorList-Last'] = {'contributor-last#', 'contributor#-last',
		'contributor-surname#', 'contributor#-surname', 'contributor#'},
	['ContributorList-Link'] = {'contributor-link#', 'contributor#-link'},
	['ContributorList-Mask'] = {'contributor-mask#', 'contributor#-mask'},

	['EditorList-First'] = {&quot;editor-first#&quot;, &quot;editor#-first&quot;, &quot;editor-given#&quot;, &quot;editor#-given&quot;},
	['EditorList-Last'] = {&quot;editor-last#&quot;, &quot;editor#-last&quot;, &quot;editor-surname#&quot;,
		&quot;editor#-surname&quot;, &quot;editor#&quot;},
	['EditorList-Link'] = {&quot;editor-link#&quot;, &quot;editor#-link&quot;},
	['EditorList-Mask'] = {&quot;editor-mask#&quot;, &quot;editor#-mask&quot;},
	
	['InterviewerList-First'] = {'interviewer-first#', 'interviewer#-first',
		'interviewer-given#', 'interviewer#-given'},
	['InterviewerList-Last'] = {'interviewer-last#', 'interviewer#-last',
		'interviewer-surname#', 'interviewer#-surname', 'interviewer#'},
	['InterviewerList-Link'] = {'interviewer-link#', 'interviewer#-link'},
	['InterviewerList-Mask'] = {'interviewer-mask#', 'interviewer#-mask'},

	['TranslatorList-First'] = {'translator-first#', 'translator#-first',
		'translator-given#', 'translator#-given'},
	['TranslatorList-Last'] = {'translator-last#', 'translator#-last',
		'translator-surname#', 'translator#-surname', 'translator#'},
	['TranslatorList-Link'] = {'translator-link#', 'translator#-link'},
	['TranslatorList-Mask'] = {'translator-mask#', 'translator#-mask'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P U N C T _ S K I P &gt;---------------------------

builds a table of parameter names that the extraneous terminal punctuation check should not check.

]]

local punct_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'BookTitle', 'Chapter', 'ScriptChapter', 'ScriptTitle', 'Title', 'TransChapter', 'Transcript', 'TransMap',	'TransTitle',	-- title-holding parameters
	'AuthorList-Mask', 'ContributorList-Mask', 'EditorList-Mask', 'InterviewerList-Mask', 'TranslatorList-Mask',	-- name-list mask may have name separators
	'PostScript', 'Quote', 'ScriptQuote', 'TransQuote', 'Ref',											-- miscellaneous
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'LayURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',			-- URL-holding parameters
	}

local url_meta_params = {														-- table of aliases[] keys (meta parameters); each key has a table of parameter names for a value
	'ArchiveURL', 'ChapterURL', 'ConferenceURL', 'ID', 'LayURL', 'MapURL', 'TranscriptURL', 'URL',		-- parameters allowed to hold urls
	'Page', 'Pages', 'At', 'QuotePage', 'QuotePages',							-- insource locators allowed to hold urls
	}

local function build_skip_table (skip_t, meta_params)
	for _, meta_param in ipairs (meta_params) do								-- for each meta parameter key
		local params = aliases[meta_param];										-- get the parameter or the table of parameters associated with the meta parameter name
		if 'string' == type (params) then
			skip_t[params] = 1;													-- just a single parameter
		else
			for _, param in ipairs (params) do									-- get the parameter name
				skip_t[param] = 1;												-- add the parameter name to the skip table
				local count;
				param, count = param:gsub ('#', '');							-- remove enumerator marker from enumerated parameters
				if 0 ~= count then												-- if removed
					skip_t[param] = 1;											-- add param name without enumerator marker
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return skip_t;
end

local punct_skip = {};
local url_skip = {};


--[[-----------&lt; S P E C I A L   C A S E   T R A N S L A T I O N S &gt;------------

This table is primarily here to support internationalization.  Translations in
this table are used, for example, when an error message, category name, etc.,
is extracted from the English alias key.  There may be other cases where
this translation table may be useful.

]]
local is_Latn = 'A-Za-z\195\128-\195\150\195\152-\195\182\195\184-\198\191\199\132-\201\143';
local special_case_translation = {
	['AuthorList'] = 'authors list',											-- used to assemble maintenance category names
	['ContributorList'] = 'contributors list',									-- translation of these names plus translation of the base mainenance category names in maint_cats{} table below
	['EditorList'] = 'editors list',											-- must match the names of the actual categories
	['InterviewerList'] = 'interviewers list',									-- this group or translations used by name_has_ed_markup() and name_has_mult_names()
	['TranslatorList'] = 'translators list',
	
																				-- Lua patterns to match pseudo-titles used by InternetArchiveBot and others as placeholder for unknown |title= value
	['archived_copy'] = {														-- used with CS1 maint: Archive[d] copy as title
		['en'] = '^archived?%s+copy$',											-- for English; translators: keep this because templates imported from en.wiki
		['local'] = nil,														-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
		},

																				-- Lua patterns to match generic titles; usually created by bots or reference filling tools
																				-- translators: replace ['local'] = nil with lowercase translation only when bots or tools create generic titles in your language
	['generic_titles'] = {
		-- generic titles and patterns in this table should be lowercase only
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic title in your language
		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches
		{['en'] = {'^wayback%s+machine$', false},				['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'are you a robot', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'hugedomains.com', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?no +title[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'page not found', true},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'subscribe to read', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^[%(%[{&lt;]?unknown[&gt;}%]%)]?$', false},		['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'website is for sale', true},				['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^404', false},								['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'internet archive wayback machine', true},	['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'log into facebook', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'login • instagram', true},					['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'redirecting...', true},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'usurped title', true},						['local'] = nil},	-- added by a GreenC bot
		{['en'] = {'webcite query result', true},				['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'wikiwix\'s cache', true},					['local'] = nil},
		},

	['generic_names'] = {
		-- generic names and patterns in this table should be lowercase only
		-- leave ['local'] nil except when there is a matching generic name in your language
		-- boolean 'true' for plain-text searches; 'false' for pattern searches
		{['en'] = {'about us', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]dvisor%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Aa]uthor%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'collaborator', true},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'contributor', true},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'contact us', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'directory', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%(%[][%(%[]%s*eds?%.?%s*[%)%]]?$', false},			['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'[,%.%s]%f[e]eds?%.?$', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^eds?[%.,;]', false},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'^[%(%[]%s*[Ee][Dd][Ss]?%.?%s*[%)%]]', false},			['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]dited%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a][Ee]ditors?%f[%A]', false},						['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f[%a]]Ee]mail%f[%A]', false},							['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'facebook', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'google', true},											['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'home page', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'instagram', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'interviewer', true},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'linkedIn', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'pinterest', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'policy', true},											['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'privacy', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'translator', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'tumblr', true},											['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'twitter', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'site name', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'statement', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'submitted', true},										['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'super.?user', false},									['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'%f['..is_Latn..'][Uu]ser%f[^'..is_Latn..']', false},	['local'] = nil},
		{['en'] = {'verfasser', true},										['local'] = nil},
		}
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E _ N A M E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

This table of tables lists local language date names and fallback English date names.
The code in Date_validation will look first in the local table for valid date names.
If date names are not found in the local table, the code will look in the English table.

Because citations can be copied to the local wiki from en.wiki, the English is
required when the date-name translation function date_name_xlate() is used.

In these tables, season numbering is defined by
Extended Date/Time Format (EDTF) Specification (https://www.loc.gov/standards/datetime/)
which became part of ISO 8601 in 2019.  See '§Sub-year groupings'. The standard
defines various divisions using numbers 21-41. CS1|2 only supports generic seasons.
EDTF does support the distinction between north and south hemisphere seasons
but CS1|2 has no way to make that distinction.

33-36 = Quarter 1, Quarter 2, Quarter 3, Quarter 4 (3 months each)

The standard does not address 'named' dates so, for the purposes of CS1|2,
Easter and Christmas are defined here as 98 and 99, which should be out of the
ISO 8601 (EDTF) range of uses for a while.

]]

local date_names = {
	['en'] = {																	-- English
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
	['local'] = {																-- replace these English date names with the local language equivalents
		['long']	= {['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12},
		['short']	= {['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12},
		['quarter'] = {['First Quarter'] = 33, ['Second Quarter'] = 34, ['Third Quarter'] = 35, ['Fourth Quarter'] = 36},
		['season']	= {['Winter'] = 24, ['Spring'] = 21, ['Summer'] = 22, ['Fall'] = 23, ['Autumn'] = 23},
		['named']	= {['Easter'] = 98, ['Christmas'] = 99},
		},
	['inv_local_l'] = {},														-- used in date reformatting; copy of date_names['local'].long where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['inv_local_s'] = {},														-- used in date reformatting; copy of date_names['local'].short where k/v are inverted: [1]='&lt;local name&gt;' etc.
	['local_digits'] = {['0'] = '0', ['1'] = '1', ['2'] = '2', ['3'] = '3', ['4'] = '4', ['5'] = '5', ['6'] = '6', ['7'] = '7', ['8'] = '8', ['9'] = '9'},	-- used to convert local language digits to Western 0-9
	['xlate_digits'] = {},
	}

for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'].long) do								-- this table is ['name'] = i
	date_names['inv_local_l'][i] = name;										-- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd
end

for name, i in pairs (date_names['local'].short) do								-- this table is ['name'] = i
	date_names['inv_local_s'][i] = name;										-- invert to get [i] = 'name' for conversions from ymd
end

for ld, ed in pairs (date_names.local_digits) do								-- make a digit translation table for simple date translation from en to local language using local_digits table
	date_names.xlate_digits [ed] = ld;											-- en digit becomes index with local digit as the value
end

local df_template_patterns = {													-- table of redirects to {{Use dmy dates}} and {{Use mdy dates}}
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(dmy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 1159k								-- sorted by approximate transclusion count
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(mdy) +dates *[|}]',	-- 212k
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 788
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) +dates *[|}]',	-- 343
	'{{ *([Mm]dy) *[|}]',				-- 176
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(dmy) *[|}]',			-- 156 + 18
	'{{ *[Uu]se *(mdy) *[|}]',			-- 149 + 11
	'{{ *([Dd]my) *[|}]',				-- 56
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(MDY) *[|}]',			-- 5
	'{{ *([Dd]MY) *[|}]',				-- 3
	'{{ *[Uu]se(mdy)dates *[|}]',		-- 1
	'{{ *[Uu]se +(DMY) *[|}]',			-- 0
	'{{ *([Mm]DY) *[|}]',				-- 0
	}

local function get_date_format ()
	local content = mw.title.getCurrentTitle():getContent() or '';				-- get the content of the article or ''; new pages edited w/ve do not have 'content' until saved; ve does not preview; phab:T221625
	for _, pattern in ipairs (df_template_patterns) do							-- loop through the patterns looking for {{Use dmy dates}} or {{Use mdy dates}} or any of their redirects
		local start, _, match = content:find(pattern);							-- match is the three letters indicating desired date format
		if match then
			content = content:match ('%b{}', start);							-- get the whole template
			if content:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *[lsy][sy]?') then				-- look for |cs1-dates=publication date length access-/archive-date length
				return match:lower() .. '-' .. content:match ('| *cs1%-dates *= *([lsy][sy]?)');
			else
				return match:lower() .. '-all';									-- no |cs1-dates= k/v pair; return value appropriate for use in |df=
			end
		end
	end
end

local global_df;


--[[-----------------&lt; V O L U M E ,  I S S U E ,  P A G E S &gt;------------------

These tables hold cite class values (from the template invocation) and identify those templates that support
|volume=, |issue=, and |page(s)= parameters.  Cite conference and cite map require further qualification which
is handled in the main module.

]]

local templates_using_volume = {'citation', 'audio-visual', 'book', 'conference', 'encyclopaedia', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'report', 'techreport', 'thesis'}
local templates_using_issue = {'citation', 'conference', 'episode', 'interview', 'journal', 'magazine', 'map', 'news', 'podcast'}
local templates_not_using_page = {'audio-visual', 'episode', 'mailinglist', 'newsgroup', 'podcast', 'serial', 'sign', 'speech'}


--[[

Patterns for finding extra text in |volume=, |issue=, |page=, |pages=

]]

local vol_iss_pg_patterns = {
	good_ppattern = '^P[^%.PpGg]',												-- OK to begin with uppercase P: P7 (page 7 of section P), but not p123 (page 123); TODO: this allows 'Pages' which it should not
	bad_ppatterns = {															-- patterns for |page= and |pages=
		'^[Pp][PpGg]?%.?[ %d]',
		'^[Pp][Pp]?%.&amp;nbsp;',													-- from {{p.}} and {{pp.}} templates
		'^[Pp]ages?',
		'^[Pp]gs.?',
		},
	vpatterns = {																-- patterns for |volume=
		'^volumes?',
		'^vols?[%.:=]?'
		},
	ipatterns = {																-- patterns for |issue=
		'^issues?',
		'^iss[%.:=]?',
		'^numbers?',
		'^nos?%A',																-- don't match 'november' or 'nostradamus'
		'^nr[%.:=]?',
		'^n[%.:= ]'																-- might be a valid issue without separator (space char is sep char here)
		}
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S &gt;-------------------------------

These tables hold keywords for those parameters that have defined sets of acceptable keywords.

]]

--[[-------------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S   T A B L E &gt;--------------------------

this is a list of keywords; each key in the list is associated with a table of
synonymous keywords possibly from different languages.

for I18N: add local-language keywords to value table; do not change the key.
For example, adding the German keyword 'ja':
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y', 'ja'},

Because CS1|2 templates from en.wiki articles are often copied to other local wikis,
it is recommended that the English keywords remain in these tables.

]]

local keywords = {
	['amp'] = {'&amp;', 'amp', 'ampersand'}, 										-- |name-list-style=
	['and'] = {'and', 'serial'},												-- |name-list-style=
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},										-- |no-tracking=, |no-pp= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['afterword'] = {'afterword'},												-- |contribution=
	['bot: unknown'] = {'bot: unknown'},										-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['cs1'] = {'cs1'},															-- |mode=
	['cs2'] = {'cs2'},															-- |mode=
	['dead'] = {'dead', 'deviated'},											-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['dmy'] = {'dmy'},															-- |df=
	['dmy-all'] = {'dmy-all'},													-- |df=
	['foreword'] = {'foreword'},												-- |contribution=
	['free'] = {'free'},														-- |&lt;id&gt;-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['harv'] = {'harv'},														-- |ref=; this no longer supported; is_valid_parameter_value() called with &lt;invert&gt; = true
	['introduction'] = {'introduction'},										-- |contribution=
	['limited'] = {'limited'},													-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['live'] = {'live'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['mdy'] = {'mdy'},															-- |df=
	['mdy-all'] = {'mdy-all'},													-- |df=
	['none'] = {'none'},														-- |postscript=, |ref=, |title=, |type= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['off'] = {'off'},															-- |title= (potentially also: |title-link=, |postscript=, |ref=, |type=)
	['preface'] = {'preface'},													-- |contribution=
	['registration'] = {'registration'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['subscription'] = {'subscription'},										-- |url-access= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['unfit'] = {'unfit'},														-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['usurped'] = {'usurped'},													-- |url-status= -- Used by InternetArchiveBot
	['vanc'] = {'vanc'},														-- |name-list-style=
	['ymd'] = {'ymd'},															-- |df=
	['ymd-all'] = {'ymd-all'},													-- |df=
	--	['yMd'] = {'yMd'},														-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	--	['yMd-all'] = {'yMd-all'},												-- |df=; not supported at en.wiki
	}


--[[------------------------&lt; X L A T E _ K E Y W O R D S &gt;---------------------

this function builds a list, keywords_xlate{}, of the keywords found in keywords{} where the values from keywords{}
become the keys in keywords_xlate{} and the keys from keywords{} become the values in keywords_xlate{}:
	['affirmative'] = {'yes', 'true', 'y'},		-- in keywords{}
becomes
	['yes'] = 'affirmative',					-- in keywords_xlate{}
	['true'] = 'affirmative',
	['y'] = 'affirmative',

the purpose of this function is to act as a translator between a non-English keyword and its English equivalent
that may be used in other modules of this suite

]]

local function xlate_keywords ()
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	for k, keywords_t in pairs (keywords) do									-- spin through the keywords table
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keywords_t) do								-- for each keyword
			out_table[keyword] = k;												-- create an entry in the output table where keyword is the key
		end
	end
	
	return out_table;
end

local keywords_xlate = xlate_keywords ();										-- the list of translated keywords


--[[----------------&lt; M A K E _ K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T &gt;---------------------

this function assembles, for parameter-value validation, the list of keywords appropriate to that parameter.

keywords_lists{}, is a table of tables from keywords{}

]]

local function make_keywords_list (keywords_lists)
	local out_table = {};														-- output goes here
	
	for _, keyword_list in ipairs (keywords_lists) do							-- spin through keywords_lists{} and get a table of keywords
		for _, keyword in ipairs (keyword_list) do								-- spin through keyword_list{} and add each keyword, ...
			table.insert (out_table, keyword);									-- ... as plain text, to the output list
		end
	end
	return out_table;
end


--[[----------------&lt; K E Y W O R D S _ L I S T S &gt;-----------------------------

this is a list of lists of valid keywords for the various parameters in [key].
Generally the keys in this table are the canonical en.wiki parameter names though
some are contrived because of use in multiple differently named parameters:
['yes_true_y'], ['id-access'].

The function make_keywords_list() extracts the individual keywords from the
appropriate list in keywords{}.

The lists in this table are used to validate the keyword assignment for the
parameters named in this table's keys.

]]

local keywords_lists = {
	['yes_true_y'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.affirmative}),
	['contribution'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.afterword, keywords.foreword, keywords.introduction, keywords.preface}),
	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all']}),
	--	['df'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dmy, keywords['dmy-all'], keywords.mdy, keywords['mdy-all'], keywords.ymd, keywords['ymd-all'], keywords.yMd, keywords['yMd-all']}),	-- not supported at en.wiki
	['mode'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.cs1, keywords.cs2}),
	['name-list-style'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.amp, keywords['and'], keywords.vanc}),
	['ref'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.harv}),								-- inverted check; |ref=harv no longer supported
	['url-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.subscription, keywords.limited, keywords.registration}),
	['url-status'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.dead, keywords.live, keywords.unfit, keywords.usurped, keywords['bot: unknown']}),
	['id-access'] = make_keywords_list ({keywords.free}),
	}


--[[---------------------&lt; S T R I P M A R K E R S &gt;----------------------------

Common pattern definition location for stripmarkers so that we don't have to go
hunting for them if (when) MediaWiki changes their form.

]]

local stripmarkers = {
	['any'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-(%a+)%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127',			-- capture returns name of stripmarker
	['math'] = '\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-math%-[%a%d]+%-QINU[^\127]*\127'			-- math stripmarkers used in coins_cleanup() and coins_replace_math_stripmarker()
	}


--[[------------&lt; I N V I S I B L E _ C H A R A C T E R S &gt;---------------------

This table holds non-printing or invisible characters indexed either by name or
by Unicode group. Values are decimal representations of UTF-8 codes.  The table
is organized as a table of tables because the Lua pairs keyword returns table
data in an arbitrary order.  Here, we want to process the table from top to bottom
because the entries at the top of the table are also found in the ranges specified
by the entries at the bottom of the table.

Also here is a pattern that recognizes stripmarkers that begin and end with the
delete characters.  The nowiki stripmarker is not an error but some others are
because the parameter values that include them become part of the template's
metadata before stripmarker replacement.

]]

local invisible_defs = {
	del = '\127',																-- used to distinguish between stripmarker and del char
	zwj = '\226\128\141',														-- used with capture because zwj may be allowed
	}

local invisible_chars = {
	{'replacement', '\239\191\189'},											-- U+FFFD, EF BF BD
	{'zero width joiner', '('.. invisible_defs.zwj .. ')'},						-- U+200D, E2 80 8D; capture because zwj may be allowed
	{'zero width space', '\226\128\139'},										-- U+200B, E2 80 8B
	{'hair space', '\226\128\138'},												-- U+200A, E2 80 8A
	{'soft hyphen', '\194\173'},												-- U+00AD, C2 AD
	{'horizontal tab', '\009'},													-- U+0009 (HT), 09
	{'line feed', '\010'},														-- U+000A (LF), 0A
	{'no-break space', '\194\160'},												-- U+00A0 (NBSP), C2 A0
	{'carriage return', '\013'},												-- U+000D (CR), 0D
	{'stripmarker', stripmarkers.any},											-- stripmarker; may or may not be an error; capture returns the stripmaker type
	{'delete', '('.. invisible_defs.del .. ')'},								-- U+007F (DEL), 7F; must be done after stripmarker test; capture to distinguish isolated del chars not part of stripmarker
	{'C0 control', '[\000-\008\011\012\014-\031]'},								-- U+0000–U+001F (NULL–US), 00–1F (except HT, LF, CR (09, 0A, 0D))
	{'C1 control', '[\194\128-\194\159]'},										-- U+0080–U+009F (XXX–APC), C2 80 – C2 9F
	--	{'Specials', '[\239\191\185-\239\191\191]'},								-- U+FFF9-U+FFFF, EF BF B9 – EF BF BF
	--	{'Private use area', '[\238\128\128-\239\163\191]'},						-- U+E000–U+F8FF, EE 80 80 – EF A3 BF
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-A', '[\243\176\128\128-\243\191\191\189]'},	-- U+F0000–U+FFFFD, F3 B0 80 80 – F3 BF BF BD
	--	{'Supplementary Private Use Area-B', '[\244\128\128\128-\244\143\191\189]'},	-- U+100000–U+10FFFD, F4 80 80 80 – F4 8F BF BD
	}

--[[

Indic script makes use of zero width joiner as a character modifier so zwj
characters must be left in.  This pattern covers all of the unicode characters
for these languages:
	Devanagari					0900–097F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0900.pdf
		Devanagari extended		A8E0–A8FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA8E0.pdf
	Bengali						0980–09FF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0980.pdf
	Gurmukhi					0A00–0A7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
	Gujarati					0A80–0AFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A80.pdf
	Oriya						0B00–0B7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B00.pdf
	Tamil						0B80–0BFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0B80.pdf
	Telugu						0C00–0C7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C00.pdf
	Kannada						0C80–0CFF – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0C80.pdf
	Malayalam					0D00–0D7F – https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D00.pdf
plus the not-necessarily Indic scripts for Sinhala and Burmese:
	Sinhala						0D80-0DFF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0D80.pdf
	Myanmar						1000-109F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1000.pdf
		Myanmar extended A		AA60-AA7F - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UAA60.pdf
		Myanmar extended B		A9E0-A9FF - https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UA9E0.pdf
the pattern is used by has_invisible_chars() and coins_cleanup()

]]

local indic_script = '[\224\164\128-\224\181\191\224\163\160-\224\183\191\225\128\128-\225\130\159\234\167\160-\234\167\191\234\169\160-\234\169\191]';

-- list of emoji that use zwj character (U+200D) to combine with another emoji
local emoji = {																	-- indexes are decimal forms of the hex values in U+xxxx
	[127752] = true,															-- U+1F308 🌈 rainbow
	[127806] = true,															-- U+1F33E 🌾 ear of rice
	[127859] = true,															-- U+1F373 🍳 cooking
	[127891] = true,															-- U+1F393 🎓 graduation cap
	[127908] = true,															-- U+1F3A4 🎤 microphone
	[127912] = true,															-- U+1F3A8 🎨 artist palette
	[127979] = true,															-- U+1F3EB 🏫 school
	[127981] = true,															-- U+1F3ED 🏭 factory
	[128102] = true,															-- U+1F466 👦 boy
	[128103] = true,															-- U+1F467 👧 girl
	[128104] = true,															-- U+1F468 👨 man
	[128105] = true,															-- U+1F469 👩 woman
	[128139] = true,															-- U+1F48B 💋 kiss mark
	[128187] = true,															-- U+1F4BB 💻 personal computer
	[128188] = true,															-- U+1F4BC 💼 brief case
	[128295] = true,															-- U+1F527 🔧 wrench
	[128300] = true,															-- U+1F52C 🔬 microscope
	[128488] = true,															-- U+1F5E8 🗨 left speech bubble
	[128640] = true,															-- U+1F680 🚀 rocket
	[128658] = true,															-- U+1F692 🚒 fire engine
	[129309] = true,															-- U+1F91D 🤝 handshake
	[129455] = true,															-- U+1F9AF 🦯 probing cane
	[129456] = true,															-- U+1F9B0 🦰 emoji component red hair
	[129457] = true,															-- U+1F9B1 🦱 emoji component curly hair
	[129458] = true,															-- U+1F9B2 🦲 emoji component bald
	[129459] = true,															-- U+1F9B3 🦳 emoji component white hair
	[129466] = true,															-- U+1F9BA 🦺 safety vest
	[129468] = true,															-- U+1F9BC 🦼 motorized wheelchair
	[129469] = true,															-- U+1F9BD 🦽 manual wheelchair
	[129489] = true,															-- U+1F9D1 🧑 adult
	[9760] = true,																-- U+2620 ☠ skull and crossbones
	[9792] = true,																-- U+2640 ♀ female sign
	[9794] = true,																-- U+2642 ♂ male sign
	[9877] = true,																-- U+2695 ⚕ staff of aesculapius
	[9878] = true,																-- U+2696 ⚖ scales
	[9992] = true,																-- U+2708 ✈ airplane
	[10084] = true,																-- U+2764 ❤ heavy black heart
	}


--[[----------------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   S U P P O R T &gt;-------------------

These tables and constants support various language-specific functionality.

]]

local this_wiki_code = mw.getContentLanguage():getCode();						-- get this wiki's language code
	if string.match (mw.site.server, 'wikidata') then
		this_wiki_code = mw.getCurrentFrame():preprocess('{{int:lang}}');		-- on Wikidata so use interface language setting instead
	end

local mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw.language.fetchLanguageNames (this_wiki_code, 'all');	-- get a table of language tag/name pairs known to Wikimedia; used for interwiki tests
local mw_languages_by_name_t = {};
	for k, v in pairs (mw_languages_by_tag_t) do								-- build a 'reversed' table name/tag language pairs know to MediaWiki; used for |language=
		v = mw.ustring.lower (v);												-- lowercase for tag fetch; get name's proper case from mw_languages_by_tag_t[&lt;tag&gt;]
		if mw_languages_by_name_t[v] then										-- when name already in the table
			if 2 == #k or 3 == #k then											-- if tag does not have subtags
				mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;									-- prefer the shortest tag for this name
			end
		else																	-- here when name not in the table
			mw_languages_by_name_t[v] = k;										-- so add name and matching tag
		end
	end

local inter_wiki_map = {};														-- map of interwiki prefixes that are language-code prefixes
	for k, v in pairs (mw.site.interwikiMap ('local')) do						-- spin through the base interwiki map (limited to local)
		if mw_languages_by_tag_t[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] then								-- if the prefix matches a known language tag
			inter_wiki_map[v[&quot;prefix&quot;]] = true;									-- add it to our local map
		end
	end


--[[--------------------&lt; S C R I P T _ L A N G _ C O D E S &gt;-------------------

This table is used to hold ISO 639-1 two-character and ISO 639-3 three-character
language codes that apply only to |script-title= and |script-chapter=

]]

local script_lang_codes = {
	'ab', 'am', 'ar', 'be', 'bg', 'bn', 'bo', 'bs', 'dv', 'dz', 'el', 'fa', 'gu', 
	'he', 'hi', 'hy', 'ja', 'ka', 'kk', 'km', 'kn', 'ko', 'ku', 'ky', 'lo', 'mk',
	'ml', 'mn', 'mr', 'my', 'ne', 'or', 'ota', 'ps', 'ru', 'sd', 'si', 'sr', 'syc',
	'ta', 'te', 'tg', 'th', 'ti', 'ug', 'uk', 'ur', 'uz', 'yi', 'yue', 'zh'
	};


--[[---------------&lt; L A N G U A G E   R E M A P P I N G &gt;----------------------

These tables hold language information that is different (correct) from MediaWiki's definitions

For each ['code'] = 'language name' in lang_code_remap{} there must be a matching ['language name'] = {'language name', 'code'} in lang_name_remap{}

lang_code_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase ISO 639-1, -2, -3 language code or a valid lowercase IETF language tag
	value is properly spelled and capitalized language name associated with key
	only one language name per key;
	key/value pair must have matching entry in lang_name_remap{}

lang_name_remap{}:
	key is always lowercase language name
	value is a table the holds correctly spelled and capitalized language name [1] and associated code [2] (code must match a code key in lang_code_remap{})
	may have multiple keys referring to a common preferred name and code; For example:
		['kolsch'] and ['kölsch'] both refer to 'Kölsch' and 'ksh'

]]

local lang_code_remap = {														-- used for |language= and |script-title= / |script-chapter=
	['als'] = 'Tosk Albanian',													-- MediaWiki returns Alemannisch 
	['bh'] = 'Bihari',															-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bla'] = 'Blackfoot',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['bn'] = 'Bengali',															-- MediaWiki returns Bangla
	['ca-valencia'] = 'Valencian',												-- IETF variant of Catalan
	['ilo'] = 'Ilocano',														-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['ksh'] = 'Kölsch',															-- MediaWiki: Colognian; use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['ksh-x-colog'] = 'Colognian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Colognian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['mis-x-ripuar'] = 'Ripuarian',												-- override MediaWiki ksh; no IANA/ISO 639 code for Ripuarian; IETF private code created at Module:Lang/data
	['nan-tw'] = 'Taiwanese Hokkien',											-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese and support en.wiki preferred name
	}

local lang_name_remap = {														-- used for |language=
	['alemannisch'] = {'Swiss German', 'gsw'},									-- not an ISO or IANA language name; MediaWiki uses 'als' as a subdomain name for Alemannic Wikipedia: als.wikipedia.org
	['bangla'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},												-- MediaWiki returns Bangla (the endonym) but we want Bengali (the exonym); here we remap
	['bengali'] = {'Bengali', 'bn'},											-- MediaWiki doesn't use exonym so here we provide correct language name and 639-1 code
	['bhojpuri'] = {'Bhojpuri', 'bho'},											-- MediaWiki uses 'bh' as a subdomain name for Bhojpuri Wikipedia: bh.wikipedia.org
	['bihari'] = {'Bihari', 'bh'},												-- MediaWiki replaces 'Bihari' with 'Bhojpuri' so 'Bihari' cannot be found
	['blackfoot'] = {'Blackfoot', 'bla'},										-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Siksika; use en.wiki preferred name
	['colognian'] = {'Colognian', 'ksh-x-colog'},								-- MediaWiki preferred name for ksh
	['ilocano'] = {'Ilocano', 'ilo'},											-- MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639: Iloko; use en.wiki preferred name
	['kolsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name (use non-diacritical o instead of umlaut ö)
	['kölsch'] = {'Kölsch', 'ksh'},												-- use IANA/ISO 639 preferred name
	['ripuarian'] = {'Ripuarian', 'mis-x-ripuar'},								-- group of dialects; no code in MediaWiki or in IANA/ISO 639
	['taiwanese hokkien'] = {'Taiwanese Hokkien', 'nan-TW'},					-- make room for MediaWiki/IANA/ISO 639 nan: Min Nan Chinese 
	['tosk albanian'] = {'Tosk Albanian', 'als'},								-- MediaWiki replaces 'Tosk Albanian' with 'Alemannisch' so 'Tosk Albanian' cannot be found
	['valencian'] = {'Valencian', 'ca'},										-- variant of Catalan; categorizes as Catalan
	}


--[[---------------&lt; P R O P E R T I E S _ C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------

Properties categories. These are used for investigating qualities of citations.

]]

local prop_cats = {
	['foreign-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',					-- |language= categories; $1 is foreign-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['foreign-lang-source-2'] = 'CS1 foreign language sources (ISO 639-2)|$1',	-- |language= category; a cat for ISO639-2 languages; $1 is the ISO 639-2 code used as a sort key
	['jul-greg-uncertainty'] = 'CS1: Julian–Gregorian uncertainty',				-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of template with dates 1 October 1582 – 1 January 1926
	['local-lang-source'] = 'CS1 $1-language sources ($2)',						-- |language= categories; $1 is local-language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code; not emitted when local_lang_cat_enable is false
	['location-test'] = 'CS1 location test',
	['long-vol'] = 'CS1: long volume value',									-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |volume= values longer than 4 charachters
	['script'] = 'CS1 uses $1-language script ($2)',							-- |script-title=xx: has matching category; $1 is language name, $2 is ISO639-1 code
	['tracked-param'] = 'CS1 tracked parameter: $1',							-- $1 is base (enumerators removed) parameter name
	['year-range-abbreviated'] = 'CS1: abbreviated year range',					-- probably temporary cat to identify scope of |date=, |year= values using YYYY–YY form
	}


--[[-------------------&lt; T I T L E _ T Y P E S &gt;--------------------------------

Here we map a template's CitationClass to TitleType (default values for |type= parameter)

]]

local title_types = {
	['AV-media-notes'] = 'Media notes',
	['interview'] = 'Interview',
	['mailinglist'] = 'Mailing list',
	['map'] = 'Map',
	['podcast'] = 'Podcast',
	['pressrelease'] = 'Press release',
	['report'] = 'Report',
	['speech'] = 'Speech',
	['techreport'] = 'Technical report',
	['thesis'] = 'Thesis',
	}


--[[===================&lt;&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G I N G &gt;&gt;======================
]]

--[[----------&lt; E R R O R   M E S S A G E   S U P P L I M E N T S &gt;-------------

I18N for those messages that are supplemented with additional specific text that
describes the reason for the error

TODO: merge this with special_case_translations{}?
]]

local err_msg_supl = {
	['char'] = 'invalid character',												-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['check'] = 'checksum',														-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['flag'] = 'flag',															-- |archive-url=
	['form'] = 'invalid form',													-- |isbn=, |sbn=
	['group'] = 'invalid group id',												-- |isbn=
	['initials'] = 'initials',													-- Vancouver
	['invalid language code'] = 'invalid language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['journal'] = 'journal',													-- |bibcode=
	['length'] = 'length',														-- |isbn=, |bibcode=, |sbn=
	['liveweb'] = 'liveweb',													-- |archive-url=
	['missing comma'] = 'missing comma',										-- Vancouver
	['missing prefix'] = 'missing prefix',										-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['missing title part'] = 'missing title part',								-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['name'] = 'name',															-- Vancouver
	['non-Latin char'] = 'non-Latin character',									-- Vancouver
	['path'] = 'path',															-- |archive-url=
	['prefix'] = 'invalid prefix',												-- |isbn=
	['punctuation'] = 'punctuation',											-- Vancouver
	['save'] = 'save command',													-- |archive-url=
	['suffix'] = 'suffix',														-- Vancouver
	['timestamp'] = 'timestamp',												-- |archive-url=
	['unknown language code'] = 'unknown language code',						-- |script-&lt;param&gt;=
	['value'] = 'value',														-- |bibcode=
	['year'] = 'year',															-- |bibcode=
	}


--[[--------------&lt; E R R O R _ C O N D I T I O N S &gt;---------------------------

Error condition table.  This table has two sections: errors at the top, maintenance
at the bottom.  Maint 'messaging' does not have a 'message' (message=nil)

The following contains a list of IDs for various error conditions defined in the
code.  For each ID, we specify a text message to display, an error category to
include, and whether the error message should be wrapped as a hidden comment.

Anchor changes require identical changes to matching anchor in Help:CS1 errors

TODO: rename error_conditions{} to something more generic; create separate error
and maint tables inside that?

]]

local error_conditions = {
	err_accessdate_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;access-date=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'accessdate_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: access-date without URL',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_apostrophe_markup = {
		message = 'Italic or bold markup not allowed in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'apostrophe_markup',
		category = 'CS1 errors: markup',
		hidden = false
 		},
	err_archive_missing_date = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-date=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'archive_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_archive_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;archive-url=&lt;/code&gt; is malformed: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'archive_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: archive-url',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_arxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'arxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_asintld_missing_asin = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'asintld_missing_asin',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_arxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;arxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_arxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: arXiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_asin_tld = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;asin-tld=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_asin_tld',
		category ='CS1 errors: ASIN TLD',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_bibcode = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;bibcode=&lt;/code&gt; $1',		-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_bibcode',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bibcode',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_biorxiv = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_biorxiv',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_citeseerx = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_citeseerx',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_date = {
		message = 'Check date values in: $1',									-- $1 is a parameter name list
		anchor = 'bad_date',
		category = 'CS1 errors: dates',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_doi = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_hdl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;hdl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_hdl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: HDL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_isbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;isbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_isbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ismn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ismn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ismn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISMN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_issn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1issn=&lt;/code&gt; value',	-- $1 is 'e' or '' for eissn or issn
		anchor = 'bad_issn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: ISSN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jfm = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jfm=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jfm',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JFM',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_jstor = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;jstor=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_jstor',
		category = 'CS1 errors: JSTOR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_lccn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;lccn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_lccn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: LCCN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_mr = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;mr=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_mr',
		category = 'CS1 errors: MR',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_oclc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;oclc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_oclc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OCLC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ol = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ol=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ol',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_osti = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;osti=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_osti',
		category = 'CS1 errors: OSTI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_paramlink = {														-- for |title-link=, |author/editor/translator-link=, |series-link=, |episode-link=
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; value',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_paramlink',
		category = 'CS1 errors: parameter link',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_pmid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_pmid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_rfc = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;rfc=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_rfc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: RFC',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_s2cid = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;s2cid=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_s2cid',
		category = 'CS1 errors: S2CID',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_sbn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;sbn=&lt;/code&gt; value: $1',	-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'bad_sbn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SBN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_ssrn = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_ssrn',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_url = {
		message = 'Check $1 value',												-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bad_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_usenet_id = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;message-id=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_message_id',
		category = 'CS1 errors: message-id',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bad_zbl = {
		message = 'Check &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;zbl=&lt;/code&gt; value',
		anchor = 'bad_zbl',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Zbl',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_bare_url_missing_title = {
		message = '$1 missing title',											-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'bare_url_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bare URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_biorxiv_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;biorxiv=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'biorxiv_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: bioRxiv',										-- same as bad bioRxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_chapter_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'chapter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: chapter ignored',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citation_missing_title = {
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'citation_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_citeseerx_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;citeseerx=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'citeseerx_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: citeseerx',										-- same as bad citeseerx
		hidden = false
		},
	err_cite_web_url = {														-- this error applies to cite web and to cite podcast
		message = 'Missing or empty &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;url=&lt;/code&gt;',
		anchor = 'cite_web_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: requires URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_class_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;class=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'class_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: class',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_ignored = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',
		anchor = 'contributor_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_contributor_missing_required_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;contributor=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'contributor_missing_required_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: contributor',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_deprecated_params = {
		message = 'Cite uses deprecated parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'deprecated_params',
		category = 'CS1 errors: deprecated parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_disp_name = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name; $2 is the assigned value
		anchor = 'disp_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: display-names',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_doibroken_missing_doi = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;doi=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'doibroken_missing_doi',
		category = 'CS1 errors: DOI',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_embargo_missing_pmc = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;pmc=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'embargo_missing_pmc',
		category = 'CS1 errors: PMC embargo',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_empty_citation = {
		message = 'Empty citation',
		anchor = 'empty_citation',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty citation',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_etal = {
		message = 'Explicit use of et al. in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'explicit_et_al',
		category = 'CS1 errors: explicit use of et al.',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_extra_text_edition = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;edition=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',
		anchor = 'extra_text_edition',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: edition',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_issue = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_issue',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: issue',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_pages = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_pages',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: pages',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_extra_text_volume = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has extra text',		-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'extra_text_volume',
		category = 'CS1 errors: extra text: volume',
		hidden = true,
		},
	err_first_missing_last = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is first alias, $2 is matching last alias
		anchor = 'first_missing_last',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name', -- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_format_missing_url = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is format parameter $2 is url parameter
		anchor = 'format_missing_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: format without URL',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_generic_name = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; has generic name',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'generic_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic name',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_generic_title = {
		message = 'Cite uses generic title',
		anchor = 'generic_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: generic title',
		hidden = false,
		},
	err_invalid_param_val = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=$2&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name $2 is parameter value
		anchor = 'invalid_param_val',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invalid parameter value',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_invisible_char = {
		message = '$1 in $2 at position $3',									-- $1 is invisible char $2 is parameter name $3 is position number
		anchor = 'invisible_char',
		category = 'CS1 errors: invisible characters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_name = {
		message = 'Missing &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1$2=&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is modified NameList; $2 is enumerator
		anchor = 'missing_name',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing name',									-- author, contributor, editor, interviewer, translator
		hidden = false
		},
	err_missing_periodical = {
		message = 'Cite $1 requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is cs1 template name; $2 is canonical periodical parameter name for cite $1
		anchor = 'missing_periodical',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing periodical',
		hidden = true
		},
	err_missing_pipe = {
		message = 'Missing pipe in: &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'missing_pipe',
		category = 'CS1 errors: missing pipe',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_access_requires_param = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1-access=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_access_requires_param',
		category = 'CS1 errors: param-access',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_has_ext_link = {
		message = 'External link in &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;$1&lt;/code&gt;',			-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'param_has_ext_link',
		category = 'CS1 errors: external links',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored',	-- $1 is parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_parameter_ignored_suggest = {
		message = 'Unknown parameter &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; ignored (&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$2=&lt;/code&gt; suggested)',	-- $1 is unknown parameter $2 is suggested parameter name
		anchor = 'parameter_ignored_suggest',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unsupported parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_redundant_parameters = {
		message = 'More than one of $1 specified',								-- $1 is error message detail
		anchor = 'redundant_parameters',
		category = 'CS1 errors: redundant parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_script_parameter = {
		message = 'Invalid &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt;: $2',		-- $1 is parameter name $2 is script language code or error detail
		anchor = 'script_parameter',
		category = 'CS1 errors: script parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_ssrn_missing = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;ssrn=&lt;/code&gt; required',
		anchor = 'ssrn_missing',
		category = 'CS1 errors: SSRN',											-- same as bad arxiv
		hidden = false
		},
	err_text_ignored = {
		message = 'Text &quot;$1&quot; ignored',											-- $1 is ignored text
		anchor = 'text_ignored',
		category = 'CS1 errors: unrecognized parameter',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_trans_missing_title = {
		message = '&lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;trans-$1=&lt;/code&gt; requires &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;$1=&lt;/code&gt; or &lt;code class=&quot;cs1-code&quot;&gt;&amp;#124;script-$1=&lt;/code&gt;',	-- $1 is base parameter name
		anchor = 'trans_missing_title',
		category = 'CS1 errors: translated title',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_param_unknown_empty = {
		message = 'Cite has empty unknown parameter$1: $2',						-- $1 is 's' or empty space; $2 is emty unknown param list
		anchor = 'param_unknown_empty',
		category = 'CS1 errors: empty unknown parameters',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_vancouver = {
		message = 'Vancouver style error: $1 in name $2',						-- $1 is error detail, $2 is the nth name
		anchor = 'vancouver',
		category = 'CS1 errors: Vancouver style',
		hidden = false
		},
	err_wikilink_in_url = {
		message = 'URL–wikilink conflict',										-- uses ndash
		anchor = 'wikilink_in_url',
		category = 'CS1 errors: URL–wikilink conflict',							-- uses ndash
		hidden = false
		},


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A I N T &gt;-------------------------------------

maint messages do not have a message (message = nil); otherwise the structure
is the same as error messages

]]

	maint_archived_copy = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'archived_copy',
		category = 'CS1 maint: archived copy as title',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_authors = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'authors',
		category = 'CS1 maint: uses authors parameter',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_bot_unknown = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'bot:_unknown',
		category = 'CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_auto_xlated = {													-- date auto-translation not supported by en.wiki
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_auto_xlated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date auto-translated',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_date_year = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'date_year',
		category = 'CS1 maint: date and year',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_ignore',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored DOI errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_doi_inactive_dated = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'doi_inactive_dated',
		category = 'CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of $2$3$1',						-- $1 is year, $2 is month-name or empty string, $3 is space or empty string
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_extra_punct = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'extra_punct',
		category = 'CS1 maint: extra punctuation',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_isbn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_isbn_err',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISBN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_issn_ignore = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ignore_issn',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ignored ISSN errors',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_jfm_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'jfm_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: JFM format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_location = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'location',
		category = 'CS1 maint: location',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_mr_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mr_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: MR format',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_mult_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'mult_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: multiple names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_numeric_names = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'numeric_names',
		category = 'CS1 maint: numeric names: $1',								-- $1 is '&lt;name&gt;s list'; gets value from special_case_translation table
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_others_avm = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'others_avm',
		category = 'CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes)',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_pmc_embargo = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'embargo',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC embargo expired',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_pmc_format = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'pmc_format',
		category = 'CS1 maint: PMC format',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_postscript = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'postscript',
		category = 'CS1 maint: postscript',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_ref_duplicates_default = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'ref_default',
		category = 'CS1 maint: ref duplicates default',
		hidden = true,
	},
	maint_unfit = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'unfit',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unfit URL',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_unknown_lang = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'unknown_lang',
		category = 'CS1 maint: unrecognized language',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_untitled = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'untitled',
		category = 'CS1 maint: untitled periodical',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_url_status = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'url_status',
		category = 'CS1 maint: url-status',
		hidden = true,
		},
	maint_zbl = {
		message = nil,
		anchor = 'zbl',
		category = 'CS1 maint: Zbl',
		hidden = true,
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; I D _ H A N D L E R S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

The following contains a list of values for various defined identifiers.  For each
identifier we specify a variety of information necessary to properly render the
identifier in the citation.

	parameters: a list of parameter aliases for this identifier; first in the list is the canonical form
	link: Wikipedia article name
	redirect: a local redirect to a local Wikipedia article name;  at en.wiki, 'ISBN (identifier)' is a redirect to 'International Standard Book Number'
	q: Wikidata q number for the identifier
	label: the label preceeding the identifier; label is linked to a Wikipedia article (in this order):
		redirect from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].redirect when use_identifier_redirects is true
		Wikidata-supplied article name for the local wiki from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].q
		local article name from id_handlers['&lt;id&gt;'].link
	prefix: the first part of a URL that will be concatenated with a second part which usually contains the identifier
	suffix: optional third part to be added after the identifier
	encode: true if URI should be percent-encoded; otherwise false
	COinS: identifier link or keyword for use in COinS:
		for identifiers registered at info-uri.info use: info:.... where '...' is the appropriate identifier label 
		for identifiers that have COinS keywords, use the keyword: rft.isbn, rft.issn, rft.eissn
		for |asin= and |ol=, which require assembly, use the keyword: url
		for others make a URL using the value in prefix/suffix and #label, use the keyword: pre (not checked; any text other than 'info', 'rft', or 'url' works here)
		set to nil to leave the identifier out of the COinS
	separator: character or text between label and the identifier in the rendered citation
	id_limit: for those identifiers with established limits, this property holds the upper limit
	access: use this parameter to set the access level for all instances of this identifier.
		the value must be a valid access level for an identifier (see ['id-access'] in this file).
	custom_access: to enable custom access level for an identifier, set this parameter
		to the parameter that should control it (normally 'id-access')
		
]]

local id_handlers = {
	['ARXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'arxiv', 'eprint'},
		link = 'arXiv',
		redirect = ':en:arXiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q118398',
		label = 'arXiv',
		prefix = '//arxiv.org/abs/', 											-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:arxiv',
		separator = ':',
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['ASIN'] = {
		parameters = { 'asin', 'ASIN' },
		link = 'Amazon Standard Identification Number',
		redirect = ':en:ASIN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1753278',
		label = 'ASIN',
		prefix = '//www.amazon.',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = false;
		},
	['BIBCODE'] = {
		parameters = {'bibcode'},
		link = 'Bibcode',
		redirect = ':en:Bibcode (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25754',
		label = 'Bibcode',
		prefix = 'https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'info:bibcode',
		separator = ':',
		custom_access = 'bibcode-access',
		},
	['BIORXIV'] = {
		parameters = {'biorxiv'},
		link = 'bioRxiv',
		redirect = ':en:bioRxiv (identifier)',
		q = 'Q19835482',
		label = 'bioRxiv',
		prefix = '//doi.org/',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['CITESEERX'] = {
		parameters = {'citeseerx'},
		link = 'CiteSeerX',
		redirect = ':en:CiteSeerX (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2715061',
		label = 'CiteSeerX',
		prefix = '//citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=',
		COinS =  'pre',															-- use prefix value
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['DOI'] = {																	-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = { 'doi', 'DOI'},
		link = 'Digital object identifier',
		redirect = ':en:doi (identifier)',
		q = 'Q25670',
		label = 'doi',
		prefix = '//doi.org/',
		COinS = 'info:doi',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'doi-access',
		},
	['EISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'eissn', 'EISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number#Electronic ISSN',
		redirect = ':en:eISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q46339674',
		label = 'eISSN',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.eissn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['HDL'] = {
		parameters = { 'hdl', 'HDL' },
		link = 'Handle System',
		redirect = ':en:hdl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q3126718',
		label = 'hdl',
		prefix = '//hdl.handle.net/',
		COinS = 'info:hdl',
		separator = ':',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'hdl-access',
		},
	['ISBN'] = {																-- Used by InternetArchiveBot
		parameters = {'isbn', 'ISBN'},
		link = 'International Standard Book Number',
		redirect = ':en:ISBN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q33057',
		label = 'ISBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/',
		COinS = 'rft.isbn',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISMN'] = {
		parameters = {'ismn', 'ISMN'},
		link = 'International Standard Music Number',
		redirect = ':en:ISMN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1666938',
		label = 'ISMN',
		prefix = '',															-- not currently used;
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ISSN'] = {
		parameters = {'issn', 'ISSN'},
		link = 'International Standard Serial Number',
		redirect = ':en:ISSN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q131276',
		label = 'ISSN',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/issn/',
		COinS = 'rft.issn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JFM'] = {
		parameters = {'jfm', 'JFM'},
		link = 'Jahrbuch über die Fortschritte der Mathematik',
		redirect = ':en:JFM (identifier)',
		q = '',
		label = 'JFM',
		prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['JSTOR'] = {
		parameters = {'jstor', 'JSTOR'},
		link = 'JSTOR',
		redirect = ':en:JSTOR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1420342',
		label = 'JSTOR',
		prefix = '//www.jstor.org/stable/', 									-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		custom_access = 'jstor-access',
		},
	['LCCN'] = {
		parameters = {'lccn', 'LCCN'},
		link = 'Library of Congress Control Number',
		redirect = ':en:LCCN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q620946',
		label = 'LCCN',
		prefix = '//lccn.loc.gov/', 											-- protocol-relative tested 2015-12-28
		COinS = 'info:lccn',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['MR'] = {
		parameters = {'mr', 'MR'},
		link = 'Mathematical Reviews',
		redirect = ':en:MR (identifier)',
		q = 'Q211172',
		label = 'MR',
		prefix = '//www.ams.org/mathscinet-getitem?mr=', 						-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['OCLC'] = {
		parameters = {'oclc', 'OCLC'},
		link = 'OCLC',
		redirect = ':en:OCLC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190593',
		label = 'OCLC',
		prefix = '//www.worldcat.org/oclc/',
		COinS = 'info:oclcnum',
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 9999999999,													-- 10-digits
		},
	['OL'] = {
		parameters = { 'ol', 'OL' },
		link = 'Open Library',
		redirect = ':en:OL (identifier)',
		q = 'Q1201876',
		label = 'OL',
		prefix = '//openlibrary.org/',
		COinS = 'url',
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		encode = true,
		custom_access = 'ol-access',
		},
	['OSTI'] = {
		parameters = {'osti', 'OSTI'},
		link = 'Office of Scientific and Technical Information',
		redirect = ':en:OSTI (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2015776',
		label = 'OSTI',
		prefix = '//www.osti.gov/biblio/',										-- protocol-relative tested 2018-09-12
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 23000000,
		custom_access = 'osti-access',
		},
	['PMC'] = {
		parameters = {'pmc', 'PMC'},
		link = 'PubMed Central',
		redirect = ':en:PMC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q229883',
		label = 'PMC',
		prefix = '//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC',
		suffix = '',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 13000000,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['PMID'] = {
		parameters = {'pmid', 'PMID'},
		link = 'PubMed Identifier',
		redirect = ':en:PMID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q2082879',
		label = 'PMID',
		prefix = '//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/',
		COinS = 'info:pmid',
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 43000000,
		},
	['RFC'] = {
		parameters = {'rfc', 'RFC'},
		link = 'Request for Comments',
		redirect = ':en:RFC (identifier)',
		q = 'Q212971',
		label = 'RFC',
		prefix = '//tools.ietf.org/html/rfc',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 9300,
		access = 'free',														-- free to read
		},
	['SBN'] = {
		parameters = {'sbn', 'SBN'},
		link = 'Standard Book Number',											-- redirect to International_Standard_Book_Number#History
		redirect = ':en:SBN (identifier)',
		label = 'SBN',
		prefix = 'Special:BookSources/0-',										-- prefix has leading zero necessary to make 9-digit sbn a 10-digit isbn
		COinS = nil,															-- nil because we can't use pre or rft or info:
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['SSRN'] = {
		parameters = {'ssrn', 'SSRN'},
		link = 'Social Science Research Network',
		redirect = ':en:SSRN (identifier)',
		q = 'Q7550801',
		label = 'SSRN',
		prefix = '//ssrn.com/abstract=', 										-- protocol-relative tested 2013-09-04
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 4100000,
		custom_access = 'ssrn-access',
		},
	['S2CID'] = {
		parameters = {'s2cid', 'S2CID'},
		link = 'Semantic Scholar',
		redirect = ':en:S2CID (identifier)',
		q = 'Q22908627',
		label = 'S2CID',
		prefix = 'https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = false,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		id_limit = 250000000,
		custom_access = 's2cid-access',
		},
	['USENETID'] = {
		parameters = {'message-id'},
		link = 'Usenet',
		redirect = ':en:Usenet (identifier)',
		q = 'Q193162',
		label = 'Usenet:',
		prefix = 'news:',
		encode = false,
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	['ZBL'] = {
		parameters = {'zbl', 'ZBL' },
		link = 'Zentralblatt MATH',
		redirect = ':en:Zbl (identifier)',
		q = 'Q190269',
		label = 'Zbl',
		prefix = '//zbmath.org/?format=complete&amp;q=an:',
		COinS = 'pre',															-- use prefix value
		encode = true,
		separator = '&amp;nbsp;',
		},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;---------------------------------
]]

return 	{
	use_identifier_redirects = true,											-- when true use redirect name for identifier label links; always true at en.wiki
	local_lang_cat_enable = false;												-- when true categorizes pages where |language=&lt;local wiki's language&gt;; always false at en.wiki
	date_name_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates English month-names to the local-wiki's language month names; always false at en.wiki
	date_digit_auto_xlate_enable = false;										-- when true translates Western date digit to the local-wiki's language digits (date_names['local_digits']); always false at en.wiki
	
	global_df = get_date_format (),												-- tables and variables created when this module is loaded
	punct_skip = build_skip_table (punct_skip, punct_meta_params),
	url_skip = build_skip_table (url_skip, url_meta_params),

	aliases = aliases,
	special_case_translation = special_case_translation,
	date_names = date_names,
	err_msg_supl = err_msg_supl,
	error_conditions = error_conditions,
	editor_markup_patterns = editor_markup_patterns,
	et_al_patterns = et_al_patterns,
	id_handlers = id_handlers,
	keywords_lists = keywords_lists,
	keywords_xlate = keywords_xlate,
	stripmarkers=stripmarkers,
	invisible_chars = invisible_chars,
	invisible_defs = invisible_defs,
	indic_script = indic_script,
	emoji = emoji,
	local_lang_cat_enable = local_lang_cat_enable,
	maint_cats = maint_cats,
	messages = messages,
	presentation = presentation,
	prop_cats = prop_cats,
	script_lang_codes = script_lang_codes,
	lang_code_remap = lang_code_remap,
	lang_name_remap = lang_name_remap,
	this_wiki_code = this_wiki_code,
	title_types = title_types,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	templates_using_volume = templates_using_volume,
	templates_using_issue = templates_using_issue,
	templates_not_using_page = templates_not_using_page,
	vol_iss_pg_patterns = vol_iss_pg_patterns,
	
	inter_wiki_map = inter_wiki_map,
	mw_languages_by_tag_t = mw_languages_by_tag_t,
	mw_languages_by_name_t = mw_languages_by_name_t,
	citation_class_map_t = citation_class_map_t,
	}</text>
      <sha1>ocqqkfgt46o6r2xo46e0mqb1a0lo9o1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ingabire Deborah</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10335</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141420</id>
      <parentid>133263</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T13:41:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Philemon Niyomwungeli</username>
        <id>11747</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>#adding reference</comment>
      <origin>141420</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2737" sha1="5id2euqn7c7tylt3qj9zg0xyqkzd6vy" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Umuhanzikazi.jpg|thumb|Marina Kurubyiniro.|336x336px]]
[[Dosiye:RwamaganaDist.png|thumb|Rwamagana aho Marina akomoka]]
'''Uwase Ingabire Deborah''' ni umuhanzi w'[[umunyarwandakazi]] Wamenyekanye kw'izina rya Marina Deborah akomoka mu karere ka [[Akarere ka Rwamagana|Rwamagana]] mu [[Rwanda|Rwanda.]] &lt;ref&gt;https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/101108/marina-mu-ndirimbo-ye-nshya-worokoso-yakoreye-i-burayi-yumvikanye-yiyama-abamuvuga-nabi-vi-101108.html&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://www.xtrafrica.com/news/marina-biography%3A-age%2C-songs%2C-fianc%C3%A9-%26-rwandan-r%26b-career&lt;/ref&gt;

== Umwuga ==
Ingabire Deborah Wamenyekanye  munjyana ya RNB akaba yaramenyekanye muri Gashyantare 2017 ubwo yashyiraga hanze indirimbo ye ya mbere yitwa &lt;nowiki&gt;''Byarara bibaye''. mugihe abantu bamwibazagaho yahise  yumvikana anagaragara mu ndirimbo yamenyekanye cyane yitwa Too Much yahuriyemo n'&lt;/nowiki&gt;abandi bahanzi &lt;ref&gt;https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/98931/marina-yafashe-shapitire-nshya-yubuzima-nyuma-yuko-benshi-bamwijunditse-98931.html&lt;/ref&gt; Marina akaba yarinjiye mumuziki asanga inzira ziharuye kuko yabanje kuba mubiganza bya [[Uncle Austin]] wari ushinzwe inyungu n&lt;nowiki&gt;'iterambere rye rya muzika nyuma akaba yaraje gushyira umukono kumasezerano yo gukorana n'inzu ya ''The mane'' aba umuhanzi wa mbere iy'inzu yari itangiranye nawe akaba yaramenyekanye kandi kundirimbo nka ''Ni wowe'', ''Madede'' na ''Mbwira''&lt;/nowiki&gt; yakoranye na Kidum.&lt;ref&gt;https://inyarwanda.com/inkuru/98931/marina-yafashe-shapitire-nshya-yubuzima-nyuma-yuko-benshi-bamwijunditse-98931.html&lt;nowiki/&gt;https://web.archive.org/web/20220505100810/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/marina&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/marina |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-05 |archive-date=2022-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505100810/https://www.newtimes.co.rw/topics/marina |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;kw'itariki 28 Mata 2021 Ingabire Deborah akaba yaratangaje ko yatandukanye na The Mane yamufashaga m'urugendo rwe rwa muzika.&lt;ref&gt;https://isano.rw/marina-yasezeye-muri-the-mane/?amp&lt;/ref&gt;akaba kandi yarashyize umukono ku masezerano yo kwamamariza Catchyz tariki 13 Ukwakira 2021.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyishimo-kuri-marina-wahawe-akazi-ko-kwamamaza-ikigo-cy-ubucuruzi-ku-nshuro-ya |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-10 |archive-date=2022-05-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510140046/https://igihe.com/imyidagaduro/article/ibyishimo-kuri-marina-wahawe-akazi-ko-kwamamaza-ikigo-cy-ubucuruzi-ku-nshuro-ya |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[Dosiye:Marina Deborah.jpg|thumb|MARINA Umuhanzikazi ]]

== Amashakiro ==
[[Ikiciro:Abagore ba bahanzi]]
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Rwanda]]</text>
      <sha1>5id2euqn7c7tylt3qj9zg0xyqkzd6vy</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umutesi Marie Béatrice</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>10515</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141424</id>
      <parentid>140533</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T15:02:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141424</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2459" sha1="1ksqbxi01qer2yqdc5rpsyz28p78tq9" xml:space="preserve">
'''UMUTESI Marie Béatrice''' (yavutse 1959) ni umwanditsi w'[[Rwanda|umunyarwanda]] wandika mu [[Igifaransa|gifaransa]] .&lt;ref&gt;https://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/authorpage/marie-beatrice-umutesi.html&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;uwa&quot;&gt;http://aflit.arts.uwa.edu.au/UmutesiMBeng.html&lt;/ref&gt;Yavukiye i Byumba mu ntara ya amajyaruguru ubu ni mukarere ka  Rulindo  yize ibijyanye  sociology, akora mu iterambere ry'icyaro. Mbere ya [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Genocide yakorewe abatuts]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;i mu [[Rwanda]] yafatwaga nk'umuntu ushyira mu gaciro,  yaje guhungira muri Kivu y'amajyaruguru muri [[Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo]], yahavuye muri 1996 ajya i [[Burayi]],  Umutesi yageze mu [[Ububiligi|Bubiligi]] muri 1998. '''&lt;ref name=&quot;uwa&quot; /&gt;'''&lt;ref&gt;https://books.google.com/books?id=X9pCh_N2atgC&amp;pg=PA261&lt;/ref&gt; Yanditse inkuru yibyamubayeho muri ''Fuir ou mourir au Zaire.'' ''Le vécu d'une réfugiée Rwandaise'' (umutwe [[Icyongereza|w'icyongereza]]: ''Surviving the Slaughter:The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire'' ). &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-163049401/is-reconciliation-between-hutus-and-tutsis-possible |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402112949/https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-163049401/is-reconciliation-between-hutus-and-tutsis-possible |archive-date=2015-04-02 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/3918.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2022-05-13 |archive-date=2022-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810111822/https://uwpress.wisc.edu/books/3918.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amashuri yize == 

Yize amashuri y'ibijyanye na ni imyitwari n'imibanire ya muntu (sociology) 

== Imirimo yakoze ==

* Yakoze mu iterambere ry'icyaro mbere ya genocide, Kuva muri 1998, yabaga muri Bubiligi . 

== Umwiga we w'ubwanditsi ==
Umwugaga w' ubwanditsi yatangiye nyuma ya jenoside yakorewe abatsutsi 1994 mu Rwanda aho inkuru ze zibanda ku nkuru z'ubuzima bwe n'ibijyanye n'ubuhungiro bwe mu karere ki ibiyaga bigari.

=== Ibitabo yanditse nizindi nyandiko ===

* Surviving the Slaughter: The Ordeal of a Rwandan Refugee in Zaire  [https://www.amazon.com.be/-/en/Marie-Beatrice-Umutesi/dp/0299204901]
* Journal refugees' study  [https://academic.oup.com/jrs/article-abstract/19/1/135/1516170]

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Ikiciro:Umunyarwandakazi]]
[[Ikiciro:Umwanditsi]]</text>
      <sha1>1ksqbxi01qer2yqdc5rpsyz28p78tq9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gendahimana Eric</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12702</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141404</id>
      <parentid>135448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T11:59:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NSHUTIYIMANA Moise</username>
        <id>17987</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */</comment>
      <origin>141404</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="429" sha1="gd098rjz2qvcqckwfekbgeenufh5b2p" xml:space="preserve">Ngendahimana Eric uzwi nka Gasongo ni umukinnyi ukina nka myugariro mu ikipe ya [[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports fc]], akaba yarakinnye mu makipe atandukanye arimo [[Police Fc|Police FC]] aho yakinaga nk’umukinnyo wo mu kibuga hagati nyuma akaza kugirwa myugariro.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.kigalitoday.com/imikino-11/football/article/rayon-sports-yasinyishije-ngendahimana-eric-wakiniraga-kiyovu-sports&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>gd098rjz2qvcqckwfekbgeenufh5b2p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Paracetamol</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>12836</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141467</id>
      <parentid>139027</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:31:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Infobox nshya mu Kinyarwanda, gukuraho amahuza atukura</comment>
      <origin>141467</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10599" sha1="4dwblfvgew8z20dyrszq571umfiu3wg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Paracetamol
| image = Paracetamol-skeletal.svg
| image2 = Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
| tradename = Tylenol, Panadol, n'indi
| synonyms = Acetaminophen, ''N''-acetyl-''para''-aminophenol (APAP)
| class = Umuti ugabanya ububabare n'umuriro
| MedlinePlus = a681004
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, urushinge mu mutsi, mu kibuno
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = BE01
| CAS_number = 103-90-2
| PubChem = 1983
| DrugBank = DB00316
| UNII = 362O9ITL9D
| KEGG = D00217
| ChEMBL = 112
| C=8 | H=9 | N=1 | O=2
}}'''Paracetamol''', izwi kandi nka '''acetaminofeni''', ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare n'umuriro.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetaminophen.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=16 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605063136/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetaminophen.html|archive-date=5 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid28734939&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=WM|title=Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity-Isn't it time for APAP to go away?|journal=Journal of Hepatology|date=December 2017|volume=67|issue=6|pages=1324–1331|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.005|pmid=28734939|pmc=5696016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya ububabare.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bivanze kubikoresha kugirango bigabanye umuriro mubana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Meremikwu M, Oyo-Ita A|title=Paracetamol for treating fever in children|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=2002|issue=2|pages=CD003676|pmid=12076499|pmc=6532671|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003676}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=de Martino M, Chiarugi A|title=Recent Advances in Pediatric Use of Oral Paracetamol in Fever and Pain Management|journal=Pain and Therapy|date=2015|volume=4|issue=2|pages=149–168|doi=10.1007/s40122-015-0040-z|pmid=26518691|pmc=4676765}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bikunze kugurishwa bifatanije nindi miti, nko mumiti myinshi ikonje.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Paracetamol ikoreshwa kandi mububabare bukabije, nk'ububabare bwa kanseri n'ububabare nyuma yo kubagwa, bufatanije n'imiti y'ububabare bwa opioid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN106.pdf|title=Guideline 106: Control of pain in adults with cancer|last=Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)|publisher=National Health Service (NHS)|location=Scotland|year=2008|isbn=9781905813384|chapter=6.1 and 7.1.1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220061154/http://sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN106.pdf|archive-date=20 December 2010|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa haba kumunwa cyangwa kugororoka, ariko iraboneka no guterwa mumitsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoch2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Daniel|last=Hochhauser|title=Cancer and its Management|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9781118468715|page=119|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXjDBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA119|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185107/https://books.google.com/books?id=CXjDBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA119|archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingaruka zimara hagati yamasaha abiri nane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoch2014&quot; /&gt;

Paracetamol muri rusange ifite umutekano mugihe gikenewe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rus2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Russell FM, Shann F, Curtis N, Mulholland K|title=Evidence on the use of paracetamol in febrile children|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-health-organization-bulletin_2003_81_5/page/367|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=2003|volume=81|issue=5|pages=367–72|pmid=12856055|pmc=2572451|hdl=10665/268935|issn=0042-9686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Machado GC, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, Pinheiro MB, Lin CW, Day RO, McLachlan AJ, Ferreira ML|title=Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=31 March 2015|volume=350|pages=h1225|pmid=25828856|doi=10.1136/bmj.h1225|pmc=4381278}}&lt;/ref&gt; Icyifuzo ntarengwa cya buri munsi kumuntu mukuru ni garama eshatu kugeza enye.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/paracetamol-for-adults/|title=Paracetamol for adults: painkiller to treat aches, pains and fever|website=National Health Service|access-date=22 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822174155/https://beta.nhs.uk/medicines/paracetamol-for-adults|archive-date=22 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Med2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What are the recommended maximum daily dosages of acetaminophen in adults and children?|url=https://www.medscape.com/answers/820200-27207/what-are-the-recommended-maximum-daily-dosages-of-acetaminophen-in-adults-and-children|website=Medscape|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041534/https://www.medscape.com/answers/820200-27207/what-are-the-recommended-maximum-daily-dosages-of-acetaminophen-in-adults-and-children|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2015&quot; /&gt; Umubare munini urashobora gutera uburozi, harimo no kunanirwa kwumwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ni gake cyane ibisebe byuruhu bishobora kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Bigaragara ko bifite umutekano mugihe cyo gutwita no konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ku bafite uburwayi bwumwijima, irashobora gukoreshwa, ariko mukigero cyo hasi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lewis JH, Stine JG|title=Review article: prescribing medications in patients with cirrhosis - a practical guide|journal=Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics|date=June 2013|volume=37|issue=12|pages=1132–56|pmid=23638982|doi=10.1111/apt.12324}}&lt;/ref&gt; Byashyizwe mubikorwa byo gusesengura byoroheje.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoch2014&quot; /&gt; Ntabwo ifite ibikorwa byingenzi byo kurwanya inflammatory.&lt;ref name=&quot;McK2013&quot; /&gt; Uburyo ikora ntabwo isobanutse neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;McK2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=McKay|first=Gerard A.|last2=Walters|first2=Matthew R.|title=Lecture Notes Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|location=Hoboken|isbn=9781118344897|edition=9th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGOqcfN_Cc8C&amp;pg=PT353|chapter=Non-Opioid Analgesics|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185108/https://books.google.com/books?id=OGOqcfN_Cc8C&amp;pg=PT353|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghanem2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ghanem CI, Pérez MJ, Manautou JE, Mottino AD|title=Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity.|journal=Pharmacological Research|date=July 2016|volume=109|pages=119–31|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.020|pmid=26921661|pmc=4912877}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid18381460&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Viswanathan AN, Feskanich D, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE|title=Aspirin, NSAID, and Acetaminophen Use and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6257|journal=Cancer Research|volume=68|issue=7|pages=2507–2513|year=2008|pmid=18381460|pmc=2857531}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Paracetamol yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1877.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mangus|first=Brent C.|first2=Michael G.|last2=Miller|title=Pharmacology application in athletic training|date=2005|publisher=F.A. Davis|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|isbn=9780803620278|page=39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tV72AAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA39|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185108/https://books.google.com/books?id=tV72AAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA39|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Niwo muti ukoreshwa cyane mu kubabara no kugira umuriro muri Amerika ndetse n'Uburayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Aghababian|first=Richard V.|title=Essentials of emergency medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnbKaRQAXOIC&amp;pg=PA814|date=22 October 2010|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-1-4496-1846-9|page=814|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817202827/https://books.google.com/books?id=HnbKaRQAXOIC&amp;pg=PA814|archive-date=17 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ari kurutonde rwumuryango wubuzima ku isi urutonde rwimiti yingenzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paracetamol iraboneka nkumuti rusange, hamwe namazina yikirango arimo Tylenol na Panadol nibindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition|date=2013|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, Massachusetts|isbn=9781449665869|page=12|edition=27th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&amp;pg=PA12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185107/https://books.google.com/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&amp;pg=PA12|archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri munsi ya {{US$|0.01}} kuri dose.&lt;ref name=&quot;MSH2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paracetamol|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=592&amp;searchYear=2014|access-date=11 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072745/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=592&amp;searchYear=2014|archive-date=22 January 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Amerika, igura {{US$|0.04}} kuri dose.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen prices, coupons and patient assistance programs|url=https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/acetaminophen|access-date=19 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216211627/http://www.drugs.com/price-guide/acetaminophen|archive-date=16 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri 2017, yari imiti ya 25 ikunze gutangwa muri Amerika, hamwe na miliyoni zirenga 24 zandikiwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|publisher=ClinCalc|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Acetaminophen|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412005634/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Acetaminophen|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Reba ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>4dwblfvgew8z20dyrszq571umfiu3wg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141468</id>
      <parentid>141467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:05:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox nshya mu Kinyarwanda, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukuraho amahuza atukura</comment>
      <origin>141468</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11226" sha1="gy6ifrfox5c2ismbcav7m2n2reum3nj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Paracetamol
| image = Paracetamol-skeletal.svg
| image2 = Paracetamol-from-xtal-3D-balls.png
| tradename = Tylenol, Panadol, n'indi
| synonyms = Acetaminophen, ''N''-acetyl-''para''-aminophenol (APAP)
| class = Umuti ugabanya ububabare n'umuriro
| MedlinePlus = a681004
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, urushinge mu mutsi, mu kibuno
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = BE01
| CAS_number = 103-90-2
| PubChem = 1983
| DrugBank = DB00316
| UNII = 362O9ITL9D
| KEGG = D00217
| ChEMBL = 112
| C=8 | H=9 | N=1 | O=2
}}
'''Paracetamol''', izwi kandi nka '''acetaminophen''', ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane mu kugabanya ububabare n'umuriro. Ufatwa mu kanwa, mu kibuno cyangwa mu rushinge mu mutsi.

Wakozwe bwa mbere mu 1877, kandi uri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
Paracetamol, izwi kandi nka acetaminofeni, ni imiti ikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare n'umuriro.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetaminophen.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=16 September 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160605063136/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/acetaminophen.html|archive-date=5 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid28734939&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lee|first=WM|title=Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity-Isn't it time for APAP to go away?|journal=Journal of Hepatology|date=December 2017|volume=67|issue=6|pages=1324–1331|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2017.07.005|pmid=28734939|pmc=5696016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa muburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya ububabare.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bivanze kubikoresha kugirango bigabanye umuriro mubana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Meremikwu M, Oyo-Ita A|title=Paracetamol for treating fever in children|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=2002|issue=2|pages=CD003676|pmid=12076499|pmc=6532671|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003676}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=de Martino M, Chiarugi A|title=Recent Advances in Pediatric Use of Oral Paracetamol in Fever and Pain Management|journal=Pain and Therapy|date=2015|volume=4|issue=2|pages=149–168|doi=10.1007/s40122-015-0040-z|pmid=26518691|pmc=4676765}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bikunze kugurishwa bifatanije nindi miti, nko mumiti myinshi ikonje.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Paracetamol ikoreshwa kandi mububabare bukabije, nk'ububabare bwa [[kanseri]] n'ububabare nyuma yo kubagwa, bufatanije n'imiti y'ububabare bwa opioid.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|chapter-url=http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN106.pdf|title=Guideline 106: Control of pain in adults with cancer|last=Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN)|publisher=National Health Service (NHS)|location=Scotland|year=2008|isbn=9781905813384|chapter=6.1 and 7.1.1|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101220061154/http://sign.ac.uk/pdf/SIGN106.pdf|archive-date=20 December 2010|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa haba kumunwa cyangwa kugororoka, ariko iraboneka no guterwa mumitsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoch2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Daniel|last=Hochhauser|title=Cancer and its Management|date=2014|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9781118468715|page=119|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CXjDBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA119|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185107/https://books.google.com/books?id=CXjDBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA119|archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingaruka zimara hagati yamasaha abiri nane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoch2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Paracetamol muri rusange ifite umutekano mugihe gikenewe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rus2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Russell FM, Shann F, Curtis N, Mulholland K|title=Evidence on the use of paracetamol in febrile children|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_world-health-organization-bulletin_2003_81_5/page/367|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=2003|volume=81|issue=5|pages=367–72|pmid=12856055|pmc=2572451|hdl=10665/268935|issn=0042-9686}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Machado GC, Maher CG, Ferreira PH, Pinheiro MB, Lin CW, Day RO, McLachlan AJ, Ferreira ML|title=Efficacy and safety of paracetamol for spinal pain and osteoarthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo controlled trials.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=31 March 2015|volume=350|pages=h1225|pmid=25828856|doi=10.1136/bmj.h1225|pmc=4381278}}&lt;/ref&gt; Icyifuzo ntarengwa cya buri munsi kumuntu mukuru ni garama eshatu kugeza enye.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/paracetamol-for-adults/|title=Paracetamol for adults: painkiller to treat aches, pains and fever|website=National Health Service|access-date=22 August 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822174155/https://beta.nhs.uk/medicines/paracetamol-for-adults|archive-date=22 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Med2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What are the recommended maximum daily dosages of acetaminophen in adults and children?|url=https://www.medscape.com/answers/820200-27207/what-are-the-recommended-maximum-daily-dosages-of-acetaminophen-in-adults-and-children|website=Medscape|access-date=19 December 2018|archive-date=21 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181221041534/https://www.medscape.com/answers/820200-27207/what-are-the-recommended-maximum-daily-dosages-of-acetaminophen-in-adults-and-children|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BMJ2015&quot; /&gt; Umubare munini urashobora gutera uburozi, harimo no kunanirwa kwumwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ni gake cyane ibisebe byuruhu bishobora kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Bigaragara ko bifite umutekano mugihe cyo gutwita no konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ku bafite uburwayi bwumwijima, irashobora gukoreshwa, ariko mukigero cyo hasi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lewis JH, Stine JG|title=Review article: prescribing medications in patients with cirrhosis - a practical guide|journal=Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics|date=June 2013|volume=37|issue=12|pages=1132–56|pmid=23638982|doi=10.1111/apt.12324}}&lt;/ref&gt; Byashyizwe mubikorwa byo gusesengura byoroheje.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hoch2014&quot; /&gt; Ntabwo ifite ibikorwa byingenzi byo kurwanya inflammatory.&lt;ref name=&quot;McK2013&quot; /&gt; Uburyo ikora ntabwo isobanutse neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;McK2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=McKay|first=Gerard A.|last2=Walters|first2=Matthew R.|title=Lecture Notes Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics|date=2013|publisher=Wiley|location=Hoboken|isbn=9781118344897|edition=9th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OGOqcfN_Cc8C&amp;pg=PT353|chapter=Non-Opioid Analgesics|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185108/https://books.google.com/books?id=OGOqcfN_Cc8C&amp;pg=PT353|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ghanem2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ghanem CI, Pérez MJ, Manautou JE, Mottino AD|title=Acetaminophen from liver to brain: New insights into drug pharmacological action and toxicity.|journal=Pharmacological Research|date=July 2016|volume=109|pages=119–31|doi=10.1016/j.phrs.2016.02.020|pmid=26921661|pmc=4912877}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid18381460&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Viswanathan AN, Feskanich D, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE|title=Aspirin, NSAID, and Acetaminophen Use and the Risk of Endometrial Cancer|doi=10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-6257|journal=Cancer Research|volume=68|issue=7|pages=2507–2513|year=2008|pmid=18381460|pmc=2857531}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Paracetamol yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1877.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mangus|first=Brent C.|first2=Michael G.|last2=Miller|title=Pharmacology application in athletic training|date=2005|publisher=F.A. Davis|location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania|isbn=9780803620278|page=39|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tV72AAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA39|access-date=5 August 2020|archive-date=8 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185108/https://books.google.com/books?id=tV72AAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA39|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Niwo muti ukoreshwa cyane mu kubabara no kugira umuriro muri Amerika ndetse n'Uburayi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Aghababian|first=Richard V.|title=Essentials of emergency medicine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HnbKaRQAXOIC&amp;pg=PA814|date=22 October 2010|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Publishers|isbn=978-1-4496-1846-9|page=814|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817202827/https://books.google.com/books?id=HnbKaRQAXOIC&amp;pg=PA814|archive-date=17 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ari kurutonde rwumuryango wubuzima ku isi urutonde rwimiti yingenzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Paracetamol iraboneka nkumuti rusange, hamwe namazina yikirango arimo Tylenol na Panadol nibindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2013 classic shirt-pocket edition|date=2013|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, Massachusetts|isbn=9781449665869|page=12|edition=27th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&amp;pg=PA12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185107/https://books.google.com/books?id=lwueJ4IAl4oC&amp;pg=PA12|archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igiciro cyinshi mugihugu kiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri munsi ya {{US$|0.01}} kuri dose.&lt;ref name=&quot;MSH2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Paracetamol|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=592&amp;searchYear=2014|access-date=11 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072745/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=592&amp;searchYear=2014|archive-date=22 January 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Amerika, igura {{US$|0.04}} kuri dose.&lt;ref name=&quot;USA2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen prices, coupons and patient assistance programs|url=https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/acetaminophen|access-date=19 February 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216211627/http://www.drugs.com/price-guide/acetaminophen|archive-date=16 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri 2017, yari imiti ya 25 ikunze gutangwa muri Amerika, hamwe na miliyoni zirenga 24 zandikiwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|publisher=ClinCalc|access-date=25 February 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Acetaminophen Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Acetaminophen|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412005634/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Acetaminophen|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ibuprofen]]
* [[Morphine]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Acetaminophen |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a681004.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>gy6ifrfox5c2ismbcav7m2n2reum3nj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ikibuye cya Shali</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>14551</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141402</id>
      <parentid>100858</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T11:59:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NSHUTIYIMANA Moise</username>
        <id>17987</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:2|0|0 */</comment>
      <origin>141402</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5808" sha1="bzl7s5xy2gmnj7gza3h7k3uoix7duhz" xml:space="preserve">Ikibuye cya Shali giherereye mu murenge wa Ngera mu karere ka Nyaruguru, aho [[akarere ka Nyaruguru]] gahanira imbibi n’akarere ka Huye, ku muhanda [[Dosiye:Ikibuye cya SHARI.jpg|thumb| Ikibuye cya Shali]] Butare-Akanyaru werekeza i Burundi kivugwaho inkomoko zitandukanye, ariko iz’ingenzi usanga zishingiye ku [[mwami]] Ruganzu Ndori.

Abaturage bo mu Karere ka Nyaruguru  mu Murenge wa Ngera kimwe n’abo mu Karere ka Huye mu Murenge wa Mukura  nti babavuga rumwe ku ibuye rizwi nk’ikibuye cya Shari kivugwaho kugira inkomoko ku mbaraga z’umwijima.

Bamwe mu baturage barahamya bivuye inyuma ko iri buye rihuruza bamukerarugendo  rigenda rikura mu gihe abandi batabyemeza. Ariko bakanavuga ko hari ibijyanye naryo bikwiye gutunganyirizwa gusurwa n’abamukerarugendo.


== Amateka ==
Abantu bamwe bemeza ko ku gihe cy’umwami Ruganzu Ndori, igihe uyu mwami yarwanaga intambara zo kwagura u Rwanda aruganisha i Burundi, abarundi babonye ko badafite imbaraga zihagije zo kumurwanya, bamwoherereza uruziramire (inzoka) runini ngo rumubuze gukomeza.

Ruganzu we ngo ntiyigeze atinya na gato urwo uruziramire, mu gihe ngo bose bari bahunze yafashe ibuye rinini aritera mu kanwa karwo, maze ako kanya ruhita ruhinduka iki kibuye cya Shali.

Abandi bantu bo bavuga ko ku bwami bwa Ruganzu Ndori, muri aka gace ka Shali hari uruziramire runini rwaryaga abantu rukanangiza imyaka ndetse n’amatungo yabo. Uko rwangizaga ibi byose niko rwanabuzaga abahahita kujya gutura umwami Ruganzu.

Ruganzu amaze kubimenya, yagiye guhiga rwa Ruziramire maze ruhungira mu mwobo wari uhari. Ngo Ruganzu yafashe ibuye aripfundikiza wa mwobo rwahungiyemo, afata n’irindi kandi aripfundikiza ku mpande z’umwobo aho umwobo wasohokeraga.

Niyo mpamvu bamwe mu bahaturiye bavuga ko ibi bibuye biramutse bivuyeho, rwa ruziramire rwagaruka rukamira abahaturiye rukanangiza umutungo wabo.

Mu gihe bigaragara ko ari isuri igenda ivanaho umusenyi ukikije iryo buye abahaturiye bemeza ko iri buye rihora rikura.

Uretse iki ikibuye kinini, iruhande rwacyo hari ikindi gito bivugwa ko cyabyawe (mythologie Rwandaise) n’ikinini, dore ko ari nka kimwe cya kabiri cy’irinini.

Abashesha akanguhe kandi baranahamya ko ngo babwiwe n’ababyeyi babo ko iri buye rikomoka ku mbaraga zidasanzwe zarangaga Umwami Ruganzu Ndoli .

Ubusanzwe Ruganzu II Ndori ni umwami wa 14 mu bami bayoboye u Rwanda akaba avugwaho kugira uruhare mu kwagura u Rwanda no gukora ibitangaza bitandukanye yakoreshwaga n’imbaraga zidasanzwe bavuga ko ngo yakoze ikosa ryo kutagira uwo azisigira.

Kubera  impaka zitandukanye zivugwa kuri   iri buye 

=== Kaziyabagabo Justin ===
Kaziyabagabo Justin w’imyaka 81 avuga ko amakuru avuga kuri iri buye yayahawe na se  ati”Ririya buye rirakura kuko n’ubundi ngo Umwami Ruganzu yageze hariya riri arimo ahiga ngo inzoka yinjira mu mwobo maze ajugunyamo utubuye tubiri tw’utubuyengeri nitwo twaje gukura duhinduka amabuye angana kuriya”

=== Semanywa Claver ===
Undi musaza witwa semanywa Claver ufite imyaka 67 nawe yagize ati “Urabona nanjye ndi umusaza ariko nibuka ko papa yajyaga atubwira ati kiriya kibuye mu bona hariya bana banjye, byatewe n’ Umwami Ruganzu yaje ari kurugamba barwana bageze hariya babona inzoka bagiye kuyica yirukira mu mwobo ahita ajugunyamo akabuye none niko ririya buye mubona ”

Aba basaza bavuga ko ngo Ruganzu yari afite imitsindo kandi ngo akaba  ntanicyo yamariye u Rwanda ngo kuko atayisingiye [Imitsindo] abanyarwanda bavuga ko ngo yari afite ubwenge ariko ngo ntawe yabusigiye.

Mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ko iri buye rikura hari abemeza ko  bakiri abana bashoboraga kuryurira  ari rigufi none rikaba ryarabaye rirerire ngo n’abakiri bato ubu ntawukiryurira.

Semanywa ati”Rwose nibuka ko twajyaga turyurira ari ibuye rito rwose ariko ubu n’abato ntibashobora kuryurira ryabaye urutare rurerure”

Aba bakambwe kandi bavuga ko ngo amateka avugwa kuri iki kibuye cya Shari akawiye kwitabwaho maze ngo hakaba hamwe mu hantu bamukerarugendo bazanwa bakanasobanurirwa amateka yaho.

Bo bavuga ko ibyakozwe n’Umwami Ruganzu bitarangira gusa kuri iri buye,  ahubwo ngo hari n’ibibuguzo bigaragara ku rutare aho yabugurizaga ndetse ngo n’aho amajanja y’imbwa ze yakandagiraga bikishushanya kubera imbaraga za Ruganzu

Kaziyabagabo ati”Aha ureba hari ibimenyetso byinshi byagaragaraga gusa ubu iri n’itaka ribiri hejuru, Rwose byasiburwa kuko hari ahagaragaraga amajanja y’imbwa za Ruganzu ndetse n’aho yarambitse ingabo ndetse n’umuheto n’imyambi”

Ibyiza bivugwa kuri aya mateka biragaragara mu gace kamwe ariko gafite igice kimwe mu turere twa  Huye na Nyaruguru ikibuye cya Shari kiri mu Karere ka Nyaruguru mu Murerenge wa Ngera ariko ibibuguzo n’ibindi bavuga ko byasibanganye bikaba mu Karere ka Huye mu Murenge wa Mukura

Aba bakambwe basaba ko hakwiye kubaho uburyo bunoze bwo kwerekana aya mateka hagasiburwa ibimenyetso bavuga ko byasibanganye maze ngo abasura ikibuye cya Shari bakanabwirwa amateka ajyanye nacyo dore ko ngo abanyamahanga na bamwe mu banyarwanda badahwema kugisura.

Icyakora nubwo ntawuhakana ko iri buye ridasurwa  hari  n’abadakozwa ibyo abavuga ko iri buye rikura.

Bati ” Barabeshya ntabuye rikura ahubwo igitaka kigenda kirivaho rikarushaho kugaragara naho ibyo gukura barabeshya ”

== Reba ==
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://umurava.rw/2020/07/03/ibitangaje-ku-kibuye-cya-shari-abakambwe-bahamya-ngo-cyagiye-gikura-birebera/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2023-03-01 |archive-date=2023-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230301214047/http://umurava.rw/2020/07/03/ibitangaje-ku-kibuye-cya-shari-abakambwe-bahamya-ngo-cyagiye-gikura-birebera/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;https://www.kigalitoday.com/ubukerarugendo/ahantu/Inkomoko-n-amateka-y-ikibuye-cya-Shali&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bzl7s5xy2gmnj7gza3h7k3uoix7duhz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inyandikorugero:Infobox medical condition</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>20322</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141430</id>
      <parentid>123652</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:14:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Guhindura ibirango mu Kinyarwanda no gukuraho amahuza atukura</comment>
      <origin>141430</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3653" sha1="c0wkqaxcr12hkazq2ajrvqwvxi9nxmx" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox 
| autoheaders = y 
| abovestyle  = background-color:#ccc;
| above       = &lt;includeonly&gt;{{#if:{{{name|}}}|{{{name|}}}|{{PAGENAME}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{{name}}} or &lt;nowiki&gt;{{PAGENAME}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/noinclude&gt;
| subheader1  = {{#if:{{{synonym|}}}{{{synonyms|}}}|'''Other names:''' {{{synonym|{{{synonyms|}}}}}} }}
| subheaderstyle = text-align:left;

| headerstyle = background-color:#ccc;

|  data5 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}}|size={{{image_size|{{{width|}}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt|}}}|thumbtime={{{image_thumbtime|}}}}}
|  data6 = {{#if:{{{image|}}}|{{{caption|}}} }}
|  data7 = [[File:Filler.png|frameless|300px|link=|alt=]]
| rowstyle7 = line-height:1px; background-color:#ccc;

| label8 = Imivugire
|  data8 = {{#if:{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronunciation|}}}{{{pronounce comment|}}} |&lt;!--
--&gt;{{ubl|1={{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronunciation|}}}{{{pronounce ref|}}}&amp;#x20;{{{pronounce comment|}}}&lt;!--
     --&gt;|2={{{pronounce 2|}}} }}}}

| label10 = Ishami ry'ubuvuzi
| data10 = {{#invoke:String2 |ucfirst | {{#invoke:WikidataIB |getValue |P1995 |fetchwikidata={{{fetchwikidata|ALL}}} |onlysourced={{{onlysourced|no}}} |{{{field|}}}{{{specialty|}}}{{{speciality|}}} }} }}

| label12  = Ibimenyetso
|  data12  = {{{symptoms|}}}

| label13  = Ingaruka
|  data13  = {{{complications|}}}

| label14  = {{#if: {{{onset_always|}}} | Igihe itangira | Igihe isanzwe itangira }}
|  data14  = {{{onset|}}}

| label15  = Igihe imara
|  data15  = {{{duration|}}}

| label16  = Ubwoko
|  data16  = {{{types|}}}

| label17  = Impamvu
|  data17  = {{{causes|{{{cause|}}}}}}

| label18  = Ibyongera ibyago
|  data18  = {{{risks|{{{risk|}}}}}}

| label19  = Uburyo bwo kuyisuzuma
|  data19  = {{{diagnosis|}}}

| label20  = Indwara zisa na yo
|  data20  = {{{differential|{{{differential diagnosis|{{{diff|}}}}}}}}}

| label21  = Kwirinda
|  data21  = {{{prevention|}}}

| label22  = {{#if:{{{treatment|}}}|Ubuvuzi|Kuyitaho}}
|  data22  = {{{treatment|{{{management|}}}}}}

| label23  = Imiti
|  data23  = {{{medication|}}}

| label24  = Uko irangira
|  data24  = {{{prognosis|}}}

| label25  = {{#if:{{{prevalence|}}}|Ubwiganze|{{#if:{{{incidence|}}}|Ubwiyongere|Inshuro}}}}
|  data25  = {{{prevalence|{{{incidence|{{{frequency|}}}}}}}}}

| label26 = Abo yahitanye
|  data26 = {{{deaths|}}}

| label27 = Yitiriwe
|  data27 = {{{named after|{{{eponym|}}}}}}

| label28 = 
|  data28 = {{{Calculator|{{{calculator|}}}}}}

| belowstyle  = border-top:3px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.5em;
| below       = {{ubl | {{{video1|}}} | {{{video2|}}} }} 

}}&lt;!-- end of infobox

--&gt;{{main other|1={{#if:{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:WikidataIB |pageId}}||_do_categorise}}{{#if:{{{QID|}}}|_do_categorise}}|[[Category:Medical condition not in Wikidata|=]]}}}}&lt;!--

--&gt;{{#invoke:Check for unknown parameters|check|unknown={{main other|[[Category:Pages using infobox medical condition with unknown parameters|_VALUE_{{PAGENAME}}]]}}|preview=Page using [[Template:Infobox medical condition]] with unknown parameter &quot;_VALUE_&quot;|ignoreblank=y| alt | caption | cause | causes | complications | deaths | diagnosis | diff | differential | differential diagnosis | duration | eponym | fetchwikidata | field | frequency | image | image_size | image_thumbtime | incidence | management | medication | name | named after | onlysourced | onset | onset_always | prevalence | prevention | prognosis | pronounce | pronounce 2 | pronounce comment | pronounce ref | pronunciation | QID | risk | risks | speciality | specialty | symptoms | synonym | synonyms | treatment | types | video | video1 | video2 | width }}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>c0wkqaxcr12hkazq2ajrvqwvxi9nxmx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inyandikorugero:Infobox drug</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>20339</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141422</id>
      <parentid>127443</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T14:11:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gukosora amakosa: Module:WDfetch na Module:ParameterCount ntibiri kuri rw, Inyandikorugero:Ubl ntiriho</comment>
      <origin>141422</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34812" sha1="nzll5spewra6er157xch0e71e4bi3gg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| bodystyle   = border-spacing:2px;
| headerstyle = background:#ddd
| labelstyle  = padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;
| autoheaders = yes&lt;!--

 INFOBOX TITLE ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| title = {{Infobox drug/title |title={{#if:{{{drug_name|}}} |{{{drug_name}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} |INN={{{INN|}}} }}&lt;!--

 IMAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}} |size={{{width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt|}}}}}
| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{#if:{{{width2|}}}|{{{width2|}}}|{{{width|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt2|}}}}}
&lt;!-- caption: kept old behaviour: when only 'caption=' input, put that below *both* images (Jan 2016) --&gt;
| caption1={{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} |}} |{{{caption|}}} }}
| caption2={{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} }}

| image3 = {{#if:{{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}|&lt;table style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageL|}}}|size={{{widthL|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altL|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageR|}}}|size={{{widthR|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altR|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;}}
| caption3 = {{{captionLR|}}}&lt;!--

 TYPEHEADER=VACC/COMBO/MAB/SINGLE --&gt;
| header1 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}}
 | vaccine = [[Vaccine|Vaccine description]]
 | combo = Combination of
 | mab = [[Monoclonal antibody]]
 | #default =&lt;!-- no header when type=blank (single chemical) --&gt;
 }}&lt;!--

 TYPE VACCINE: ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
 If type=vaccine then show vaccine details --&gt;
| label5 = Target disease&lt;!-- reuse of target parameter; see vacc/mab --&gt;
|  data5 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#if:{{{target|}}} |{{{target}}} |&lt;!-- cat --&gt;}} }}

| label6 = [[Vaccine#Types|Type]]
|  data6 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{vaccine_type|}}}}}
 |inactivated |killed = [[Inactivated vaccine|Inactivated]]
 |attenuated = [[Attenuated virus]]
 |live = Live bacteria
 |viral = [[Viral vector vaccine|Viral vector]]
 |toxoid = [[Toxoid]]
 |subunit = [[Subunit vaccine|Subunit]]
 |protein |protein subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Protein subunit|Protein subunit]]
 |peptide |peptide subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Peptide subunit|Peptide subunit]]
 |polysaccharide = [[Subunit vaccine#Polysaccharide subunit|Polysaccharide]]
 |vlp = [[Subunit vaccine#Virus-like particles|Virus-like particles]]
 |conjugate = [[Conjugate vaccine]]
 |recombinant = [[Recombinant DNA|Recombinant vector]]
 |dna = [[DNA vaccination]]
 |rna = [[RNA vaccine|RNA]]

 |mrna = [[mRNA vaccine|mRNA]]
 |#default={{{vaccine_type|}}} }} }}&lt;!-- freetext, shows unedited --&gt;&lt;!--

 TYPE MAB: ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
 If type=mab then show monoclonal antibody details --&gt;
| label10 = [[:File:Engineered monoclonal antibodies.svg|Type]]
|  data10 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{mab_type|}}}}}
 | mab = Whole antibody
 | fab = [[Fab fragment]]
 | f(ab')2 = [[Fragment antigen-binding|F(ab')&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fragment]]
 | fab' = [[Fab' fragment]]
 | scfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment]]
 | discfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment|Di-single-chain variable fragment]]
 | sdab = [[Single domain antibody]]
 | 3funct = [[Trifunctional antibody]]
 | clfab = [[Chemically linked Fab]]
 | bite = [[Bi-specific T-cell engager]]
 | #default=? }} }}

| label11 = [[Monoclonal antibody#Production|Source]]
|  data11 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{Infobox drug/mab source |_mab_source={{{source|}}} }}}}&lt;!-- mab_source == internal only --&gt;

| label12 = [[Antigen|Target]]
|  data12 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{{target|}}} }}&lt;!-- alternate use of target; see vacc --&gt;&lt;!--

 TYPE COMBO: ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
 if type=combo show its components (#2 obligatory, 3-6 optional) --&gt;
| label15 = {{#if:{{{component1|}}}|[[{{{component1}}}]]|[[? Component]]}}
|  data15 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class1|? Class}}} }}

| label16 = {{#if:{{{component2|}}}|[[{{{component2}}}]]|[[? Component]]}}
|  data16 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class2|? Class}}} }}

| label17 = [[{{{component3}}}]]
|  data17 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component3|}}}|{{{class3|}}}}} | {{{class3|? Class}}} }} }}

| label18 = [[{{{component4}}}]]
|  data18 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component4|}}}|{{{class4|}}}}} | {{{class4|? Class}}} }} }}

| label19 = [[{{{component5}}}]]
|  data19 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component5|}}}|{{{class5|}}}}} | {{{class5|? Class}}} }} }}
&lt;!--
 TYPE: GENE THERAPY  ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (no need to set type=... any parmeter input will show the section) --&gt;
|header20= [[Gene therapy]]

|label21 = [[Gene targeting|Target gene]]
| data21 = {{{gt_target_gene|}}}

|label22 = [[Vectors in gene therapy|Vector]]
| data22 = {{{gt_vector|}}}

|label23 = [[Nucleic acid|Nucleic acid type]]
| data23 = {{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}}

|label24 = [[Genome editing|Editing method]]
| data24 = {{{gt_editing_method|}}}

|label25 = [[Gene delivery|Delivery method]]
| data25 = {{{gt_delivery_method|}}}
&lt;!-- NAMES --&gt;
| header26 = Amazina

| label27 = Pronunciation
|  data27 = {{#if:{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_comment|}}} |{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_ref|}}}&amp;#x20;{{{pronounce_comment|}}} }}

| label28 = [[Drug nomenclature#Trade names|Trade name]]s
|  data28 = {{{tradename|}}}

| label29 = Other names
|  data29 = {{#if:{{{AAN|}}}{{{BAN|}}}{{{JAN|}}}{{{USAN|}}} |{{Infobox drug/localINNvariants |synonyms={{{synonyms|}}} |AAN={{{AAN|}}} |BAN={{{BAN|}}} |JAN={{{JAN|}}} |USAN={{{USAN|}}} }} |{{{synonyms|}}} }}

&lt;!-- IUPAC_name (single chemical only) --&gt;
|  data30 = {{#if:{{{IUPAC_name|}}}
|{{Collapsible list &lt;!--| expand=test_yes--&gt;
|liststyle=word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;
|title = [[IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry|Izina rya IUPAC]]
|1=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;{{{IUPAC_name|}}}&lt;/span&gt;
}} }}

&lt;!-- CLINICAL DATA --&gt;
| header31 = Clinical data

| label32 = [[Drug class]]
|  data32 = {{{class|}}}

| label34 = Main uses
|  data34 = {{{uses|}}}

| label35 = Side effects
|  data35 = {{{side effects|{{{side_effects|}}}}}}

| label36 = [[Drug interaction|Interactions]]
|  data36 = {{{interactions|}}}

| label40 = {{#if: {{{aware| }}} | [[WHO AWaRe]] }}
|  data40 = {{{aware|}}}

| label41 = [[Substance dependence|Dependence risk]]
|  data41 = {{{dependency_liability|}}}

| label42 = [[Addiction|Addiction risk]]
|  data42 = {{{addiction_liability|}}}

&lt;!-- pregnancy categories --&gt;
| label43 = [[Pregnancy category|Pregnancy&lt;br/&gt;category]]
|  data43 = {{Infobox drug/pregnancy category
|pregnancy_AU         = {{{pregnancy_AU|}}}
|pregnancy_US         = {{{pregnancy_US|}}}
|pregnancy_AU_comment = {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}}
|pregnancy_US_comment = {{{pregnancy_US_comment|}}}
|pregnancy_category   = {{{pregnancy_category|}}}
|PLLR                 = {{{PLLR|}}}
}}

| label44 = [[Breastfeeding]]
|  data44 = {{{breastfeeding|}}}  

| label45 = [[Route of administration|Routes of&lt;br/&gt;use]]
|  data45 = {{{routes_of_administration|{{{routes_of_use|}}}}}}

| label46 = [[Onset of action]]
|  data46 = {{{onset|}}}  

| label47 = [[Pharmacodynamics#Duration_of_action|Duration of action]]
|  data47 = {{{duration_of_action|}}}

| label48 = [[Defined daily dose]]
|  data48 = {{{defined_daily_dose|}}}

| label49 = Typical dose
|  data49 = {{{typical_dose|}}}

| label50 = Duration
|  data50 = {{{duration|}}}

| label51 = [[Drug test|Urine detection]]
|  data51 = {{{urine|}}}

&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
| header61 = External links

| label62 = [[American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|AHFS]]/[[Drugs.com]]
|  data62 = {{{Drugs.com|}}}

| label73 = [[WHO Essential Medicines]]
|  data73 = {{#if:{{{WHO|}}} |[https://list.essentialmeds.org/recommendations/{{{WHO}}} {{{WHO}}}]}}

| label84 = [[MedlinePlus]]
|  data84 = {{#if: {{{MedlinePlus|}}} | &lt;span title=&quot;medlineplus.gov&quot;&gt;[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.html {{{MedlinePlus}}}]&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;!--

 PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
 Hormones, neurotransmitters etc. are not a separate drugtype (just a single chemical)
 Section 'Physiological data' appears when there is parameter input. May 2017.
--&gt;
| header95 = [[Physiological]] data

| label106= Source [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]]
|  data106= {{{source_tissues|}}}

| label117= Target tissues
|  data117= {{{target_tissues|}}}

| label128= [[Receptor (biochemistry)|Receptors]]
|  data128= {{{receptors|}}}

| label139= [[Agonist]]s
|  data139= {{{agonists|}}}

| label140= [[Receptor antagonist|Antagonists]]
|  data140= {{{antagonists|}}}

| label151= [[Precursor (chemistry)|Precursor]]
|  data151= {{{precursor|}}}

| label162= [[Biosynthesis]]
|  data162= {{{biosynthesis|}}}

| label163= [[Drug metabolism|Metabolism]]
|  data163= {{#if:{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} |&lt;!-- has context so show here: --&gt;{{{metabolism|}}} }}&lt;!--

 LEGAL STATUS --&gt;
| header164 = Legal

| label165 = [[Regulation of therapeutic goods |{{engvar|defaultWord=License |defaultLang=en-US |en-UK=Licence |en-AU=Licence |en-CA=Licence |en-NZ=Licence |en-EI=Licence |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} data]]
|  data165 = {{Infobox drug/licence
 |INN_EMA={{{INN_EMA|}}}
 |licence_EU={{#if:{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}|yes}}
 | _EMA_use_INN={{ParameterUseFirst
 |1={{{INN_EMA|}}}
 |2={{#ifeq:{{{INN|}}}|none||{{{INN|}}}}}
 |3={{{drug_name|}}}
 |4={{PAGENAME}}
  }}
 |licence_US={{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_US|}}}
 |DailyMedID={{{DailyMedID|}}}
 |licence_CA=&lt;!-- switched off, no CA page available (Feb 2017):  {{{licence_CA|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}--&gt;
}}&lt;!-- so internally, spell licenCe --&gt;

| label166 = [[Regulation of therapeutic goods|Legal status]]
|  data166 = {{Infobox drug/legal status
 |legal_AU={{{legal_AU|}}}
 |legal_BR={{{legal_BR|}}}
 |legal_CA={{{legal_CA|}}}
 |legal_DE={{{legal_DE|}}}
 |legal_NZ={{{legal_NZ|}}}
 |legal_UK={{{legal_UK|}}}
 |legal_US={{{legal_US|}}}
 |legal_EU={{{legal_EU|}}}
 |legal_UN={{{legal_UN|}}}
 |legal_AU_comment={{{legal_AU_comment|}}}
 |legal_BR_comment={{{legal_BR_comment|}}}
 |legal_CA_comment={{{legal_CA_comment|}}}
 |legal_DE_comment={{{legal_DE_comment|}}}
 |legal_NZ_comment={{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}
 |legal_UK_comment={{{legal_UK_comment|}}}
 |legal_US_comment={{{legal_US_comment|}}}
 |legal_EU_comment={{{legal_EU_comment|}}}
 |legal_UN_comment={{{legal_UN_comment|}}}
 |legal_status={{{legal_status|}}}
 }}&lt;!--

 PHARMACOKINETIC ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header170 = [[Pharmacokinetics]]

  | label171 = [[Bioavailability]]
  |  data171 = {{{bioavailability|}}}
  | label172 = [[Plasma protein binding|Protein binding]]
  |  data172 = {{{protein_bound|}}}
  | label173 = [[Drug metabolism|Metabolism]]
  |  data173 = {{#if:{{{bioavailability|}}}{{{protein_bound|}}}{{{metabolites|}}}{{{elimination_half-life|}}}{{{excretion|}}} |{{{metabolism|}}}|{{#if:{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}
||{{{metabolism|}}}}} }}
  | label174 = [[Metabolite]]s
  |  data174 = {{{metabolites|}}}

  | label176 = [[Biological half-life|Elimination {{nowrap|half-life}}]]
  |  data176 = {{{elimination_half-life|}}}
  | label178 = [[Excretion]]
  |  data178 = {{{excretion|}}}&lt;!--

 IDENTIFIERS ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header180 = Identifiers
&lt;!--
 label_comment: explain the labels --&gt;
| label183 = &amp;#x200B;&lt;!-- keeps data in righthand column --&gt;
|  data183 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{#if:{{{index_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index_label|}}} |{{{index_label|}}}:&amp;#x20;}}{{{index_comment|}}} }}
|2={{#if:{{{index2_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}} |{{{index2_label|}}}:&amp;#x20;}}{{{index2_comment|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 CAS NUMBER --&gt;
| label184 = [[CAS Registry Number|CAS Number]]
|  data184 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental2|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 PUBCHEM CID --&gt;
| label185 = [[PubChem#CID|PubChem]] &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;{{abbr|CID|Compound ID}}&lt;/span&gt;
|  data185 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment= }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment= }}
}}&lt;!--

 PUBCHEM SID unrestricted showing (independent of CID) Feb 2017 --&gt;
|label186 = {{#if:{{{PubChem|}}}{{{PubChem2|}}} |PubChem |[[PubChem#SID|PubChem]] }}&amp;#x20;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;{{abbr|1=SID|2=Structure ID}}&lt;/span&gt;
| data186 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance2|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 IUPHAR PBS iuphar --&gt;
| label187 = [[Guide to Pharmacology|IUPHAR/BPS]]
|  data187 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue=
{{{IUPHAR_ligand|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue=
{{{IUPHAR_ligand2|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 DRUGBANK --&gt;
| label188 = [[DrugBank]]
|  data188 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank2|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 CHEMSPIDER --&gt;
| label189 = [[ChemSpider]]
|  data189 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |index=0 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |index=2 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID2|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 UNII --&gt;
| label190 = [[Unique Ingredient Identifier|UNII]]
|  data190 =  {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII|}}} |botref={{{UNIIRef|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII2|}}} |botref={{{UNII2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 KEGG --&gt;
| label191 = [[KEGG]]
|  data191 =  {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG|}}} |botref={{{KEGG_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG2|}}} |botref={{{KEGG2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 CHEBI --&gt;
| label192 = [[ChEBI]]
|  data192 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI2|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI2_Ref|}}} }} }}&lt;!--

 CHEMBL --&gt;
| label193 = [[ChEMBL]]
|  data193 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL2|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL2_Ref|}}} }} }}&lt;!--

 NIAID niaid --&gt;
| label194 = [[NIAID ChemDB]]
|  data194 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB2|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 PDB ligand --&gt;
| label196 = [[Protein Data Bank|PDB]] [[ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]]
|  data196 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}} |combo|vaccine=
|#default={{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand2|}}} }}
 }}}}&lt;!--

 CompTox (EPA) DTXSID --&gt;
| label198 = [[CompTox Chemicals Dashboard|CompTox Dashboard]] &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;({{abbr|EPA|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}})&lt;/span&gt;
|  data198 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index_label|}}}  |localValue={{{DTXSID|}}} |useWD= }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID2|}}} }} }}&lt;!--

 ATC atc human --&gt;
| label199 = [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System|ATC code]]
|  data199 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |&lt;!-- skip vet --&gt; |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}}
|2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |&lt;!-- skip vet --&gt; |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}}
}}&lt;!--

 ATC VET --&gt;
| label200 = [[Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System#ATCvet|ATCvet code]]
|  data200 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}}
&lt;!-- ATCvet does not have a #2 option: its one for both then --&gt;
|2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}}
}}&lt;!--

 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header211 = Chemical and physical data&lt;!--

--&gt;
  | label222 = [[Chemical formula|Formula]]
  |  data222 = {{Infobox drug/chemical formula
|chemical_formula_fixed={{{chemical_formula|}}}
|Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}}
|charge={{{charge|}}}
|chemical_formula_ref={{{chemical_formula_ref|}}}
|chemical_formula_comment={{{chemical_formula_comment|}}} }}

  | label233 = [[Molar mass]]
  |  data233 = {{Chem molar mass
|Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}}
|fixed = {{{molecular_weight|}}}&lt;!-- should be molar mass --&gt;
|round = {{{molecular_weight_round|}}}
|unit  = {{{molecular_weight_unit|}}}
|ref   = {{{molecular_weight_ref|}}}
|comment = {{{molecular_weight_comment|}}}
}}{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|find|source={{{molecular_weight|}}}|target=[^0-9.]|plain=false }}|0||{{main other|1=[[Category:Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character]]}}}}
&lt;!-- JMOL --&gt;
  | label244 = 3D model ([[JSmol]])
  |  data244 = {{#ifeq:{{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}|none||{{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index_label|}}}  |localJmol={{{Jmol|}}}  |localSMILES={{{SMILES |{{{smiles|}}}}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol2|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} }}
}}}}

  | label256 = [[Chirality (chemistry)|Chirality]]
  |  data256 = {{{chirality|}}}
  | label267 = [[Specific rotation]]
  |  data267 = {{{specific_rotation|}}}

&lt;!-- physical data: --&gt;
  | label271 = [[Density]]
  |  data271 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} | {{{density}}}&amp;nbsp;g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;}} {{{density_notes|}}}
  | label282= [[Melting point]]
  |  data282 = {{#if:{{{melting_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{melting_point|}}} {{#if:{{{melting_high|}}}|to {{{melting_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{melting_notes|}}}
  | label293 = [[Boiling point]]
  |  data293 = {{#if:{{{boiling_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{boiling_point|}}} {{#if:{{{boiling_high|}}}|to {{{boiling_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{boiling_notes|}}}
  | label304 = [[Aqueous solution|Solubility in water]]
  |  data304 = {{#if:{{{solubility|}}} |{{{solubility}}}{{{sol_units|&amp;nbsp;mg/mL (20&amp;nbsp;°C)}}}}}

  |  data318 = {{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} | {{Collapsible list
&lt;!-- | expand=test_yes --&gt;
     |liststyle=word-break:break-all;
     |title = [[Simplified molecular-input line-entry system|SMILES]]
     |1={{#if:{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
     |2={{#if:{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}|&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt; }}}}
     }}

  |  data319 = {{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}|
  {{Collapsible list
&lt;!-- | expand=test_yes --&gt;
    |liststyle=word-break:break-all;
    |title=[[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]]
    |1={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}
      |&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{#if:{{{StdInChI_comment|}}} |&lt;br/&gt;{{{StdInChI_comment}}} }}&lt;/div&gt;}}
    |2={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey|}}}
      |&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;Key:{{{StdInChIKey}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
    |3={{#if:{{{StdInChI2|}}}
      |{{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI2}}}{{{StdInChI2_Ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
    |4={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey2|}}}
      |&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;Key:{{{StdInChIKey2}}}{{{StdInChIKey2_Ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
  }}&lt;!-- eo collapsible list --&gt;}}&lt;!-- eo data89 if:StdInChI --&gt;&lt;!--

 DATA PAGE ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header320 = Data page

| data321 = {{#if:{{{data_page|}}} |[[{{trim brackets|1={{{data_page|}}}}}]] |{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page) |[[{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page)]]}}}}&lt;!--

 VERIFICATIONS ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| below =&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{Verifiedfields|}}}{{{verifiedrevid|}}}
|{{#ifeq:{{{Verifiedfields|}}} |changed|&lt;!--
--&gt;{{nobold|1=&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;{{cross|7}}{{tick|7}}&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}}
|{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}}}|&lt;!--
--&gt;{{nobold|1=&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;{{cross|7}}{{tick|7}}&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}|{{nobold|1=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:ComparePages|rev1={{{verifiedrevid|}}}&amp;page2={{urlencode:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}} (verify)]&lt;/span&gt;}}}}}}

| belowstyle  = border-top:3px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.5em;
| below       = {{Unbulleted list | {{{video1|}}} | {{{video2|}}} }}

}}&lt;!-- END OF INFOBOX ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

 Parameter check:
--&gt;{{#invoke:TemplatePar
|check
|template=Template:Infobox_drug
|all= |opt= pronounce= pronounce_ref= pronounce_comment= ATC_prefix= ATC_suffix= ATC_supplemental= ATCvet= CAS_number_Ref= CAS_number= CAS_supplemental= ChEBI= ChEBI_Ref= ChEMBL_Ref= ChEMBL= ChemSpiderID= ChemSpiderID_Ref= chirality= class= DailyMedID= data_page= DrugBank_Ref= DrugBank= Drugs.com= duration_of_action= INN= INN_EMA= IUPAC_name= IUPHAR_ligand= KEGG_Ref= KEGG= MedlinePlus= NIAID_ChemDB= PDB_ligand= PubChemSubstance= PubChem= StdInChIKey_Ref= StdInChIKey= StdInChI_Ref= StdInChI_comment= StdInChI= UNII_Ref= UNII= DTXSID= Verifiedfields= Watchedfields= addiction_liability= alt2= altL= altR= alt= bioavailability= boiling_high= boiling_notes= boiling_point= captionLR= caption= caption2= charge= chemical_formula= chemical_formula_ref= chemical_formula_comment= class1= class2= class3= class4= class5= component1= component2= component3= component4= component5= density= density_notes= dependency_liability= drug_name= elimination_half-life= engvar= excretion= image2= imageL= imageR= image= Jmol= legal_AU= legal_BR= legal_CA= legal_DE= legal_EU= legal_NZ= legal_UK= legal_UN= legal_US= legal_AU_comment= legal_BR_comment= legal_CA_comment= legal_DE_comment= legal_UK_comment= legal_NZ_comment= legal_US_comment= legal_UN_comment= legal_EU_comment= legal_status= licence_CA= licence_EU= licence_US= license_CA= license_EU= license_US= mab_type= melting_high= melting_notes= melting_point= metabolism= metabolites= molecular_weight= molecular_weight_round= molecular_weight_unit= molecular_weight_ref= molecular_weight_comment= onset= pregnancy_AU= pregnancy_US= pregnancy_AU_comment= pregnancy_US_comment= pregnancy_category= protein_bound= routes_of_administration= SMILES= smiles= solubility= sol_units= source= specific_rotation= synonyms= target= tradename= type= vaccine_type= verifiedrevid= width2= widthL= widthR= width= AAN= BAN= JAN= USAN=
&lt;!-- Physiological (2017) --&gt;source_tissues= target_tissues= receptors= agonists= antagonists= precursor= biosynthesis= 
&lt;!-- Gene therapy (March 2018) --&gt;gt_target_gene= gt_vector= gt_nucleic_acid_type= gt_editing_method= gt_delivery_method=
&lt;!-- depr Mar 2017, but removal here would be trivial: --&gt;sec_combustion=
&lt;!-- unused, removed: InChI= InChIKey=; use StdInChI/Key because CheMoBot only checks these --&gt;
&lt;!-- chem elements --&gt;Ac=Ag=Al=Am=Ar=As=At=Au=B=Ba=Be=Bh=Bi=Bk=Br=C=Ca=Cd=Ce=Cf=Cl=Cm=Cn=Co=Cr=Cs=Cu=
D=Db=Ds=Dy=Er=Es=Eu=F=Fe=Fl=Fm=Fr=Ga=Gd=Ge=H=He=Hf=Hg=Ho=Hs=I=In=Ir=K=Kr=La=Li=Lr=Lu=Lv=
Mc=Md=Mg=Mn=Mo=Mt=N=Na=Nb=Nd=Ne=Nh=Ni=No=Np=O=Og=Os=P=Pa=Pb=Pd=Pm=Po=Pr=Pt=Pu=Ra=Rb=Re=Rf=Rg=Rh=Rn=Ru=S=Sb=Sc=Se=Sg=Si=Sm=Sn=Sr=Ta=Tb=Tc=Te=Th=Ti=Tl=Tm=Ts=U=V=W=Xe=Y=Yb=Zn=Zr=
&lt;!-- #2 identifiers (indexes): --&gt;index_label= index2_label= index_comment= index2_comment=
CAS_number2= CAS_supplemental2= ATC_prefix2= ATC_suffix2= ATC_supplemental2= PubChem2= PubChemSubstance2= IUPHAR_ligand2= DrugBank2= ChemSpiderID2= UNII2= KEGG2= ChEBI2= ChEMBL2= PDB_ligand2= NIAID_ChemDB2= SMILES2= smiles2= StdInChI2= StdInChIKey2= 
CAS_number2_Ref= ChEBI2_Ref= ChEMBL2_Ref= ChemSpiderID2_Ref= DrugBank2_Ref= KEGG2_Ref= StdInChI2_Ref= StdInChIKey2_Ref= UNII2_Ref= DTXSID2= 
&lt;!-- Wikidata: --&gt;QID= QID2=
|cat=Chemical articles with unknown parameter in Infobox drug
|format=0|errNS=0
|preview=&lt;div class=&quot;error&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;@@@ (See [[Template:Infobox drug/doc/full parameter list|parameter list]]). This message only shows in Preview, it will not show after you do {{button|{{int:publishchanges}}}}.&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;!-- Tracking categories:
--&gt;{{Infobox drug/maintenance categories&lt;!--
* Parameters starting with _underscore are internal constructs only, not straight article input
--&gt;
| drug_name = {{{drug_name|}}}
| INN = {{{INN|}}}
| _drugtype = {{lc:{{{type|}}}}}

&lt;!-- drugtype detected by input (not by type=): --&gt;
| _has_physiological_data={{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}&lt;!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --&gt;
| _has_gene_therapy={{{gt_target_gene|}}}{{{gt_vector|}}}{{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}}{{{gt_editing_method|}}}{{{gt_delivery_method|}}}

&lt;!-- for catsort: --&gt;
| vaccine_type={{{vaccine_type|}}}
| mab_type={{{mab_type|}}}
| _number_of_combo_chemicals=0
&lt;!-- to check illogical input --&gt;
| _vaccine_data={{{vaccine_type|}}}
| _mab_data={{{mab_type|}}}{{{source|}}}
| _mab_vaccine_data={{{target|}}}
| _mab_other_data=&lt;!-- chem data --&gt;{{{C|}}}{{{H|}}}{{{F|}}}{{{I|}}}{{{N|}}}{{{O|}}}{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}{{{chirality|}}}{{{specific_rotation|}}}{{{SMILES2|}}}{{{smiles2|}}}{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI_comment|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}&lt;!-- physical data --&gt;{{{density|}}}{{{density_notes|}}}{{{melting_point|}}}{{{boiling_point|}}}{{{melting_high|}}}{{{boiling_high|}}}{{{solubility|}}}{{{molecular_weight|}}}
| _combo_data={{{component1|}}}{{{component2|}}}{{{component3|}}}{{{component4|}}}{{{component5|}}}{{{class1|}}}{{{class2|}}}{{{class3|}}}{{{class4|}}}{{{class5|}}}
| _physiological_data=&lt;!-- physiological data input/ USED??? see also _physiological_data. March2018   --&gt;{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}&lt;!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --&gt;
| _clinical_data=&lt;!-- conflicts with physiological (endogenous) data --&gt;{{{Drugs.com|}}}{{{MedlinePlus|}}}{{{PLLR|}}}{{{addiction_liability|}}}{{{dependency_liability|}}}{{{licence_CA|}}}{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}{{{license_US|}}}{{{DailyMedID|}}}
{{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_AU|}}}{{{pregnancy_US_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_US|}}}{{{pregnancy_category|}}}{{{routes_of_administration|}}}{{{tradename|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}{{{ATC_prefix2|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental2|}}}
| _legal_data=&lt;!-- conflicts with physiological (endogeneous) data --&gt;{{{legal_AU_comment|}}}{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_DE_comment|}}}{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_status|}}}

| _other_data={{{IUPAC_name|}}}

| _image_0_or_2 = {{{image|}}}{{{image2|}}}
| _image_LR = {{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}

| _datapage = {{PAGENAME}} (data page)&lt;!-- 3rd ifexist on this one? / TODO: could be set by param |data page= --&gt;
| _vaccine_target={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine | {{{target|}}} | _type_not_vaccine }}&lt;!-- vaccine with empty target = to maint cat; former question mark --&gt;
| _legal_all={{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_status|}}}
| _ATC_prefix_supplemental={{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}&lt;!-- together --&gt;
&lt;!-- UNUSED FEB 2017 | _molmassHasNonstandardUnit ={{#invoke:String|match|s=_{{lc:{{{molecular_weight|}}}{{{molecular_weight_unit|}}} }} |pattern=%W[k]?Da |plain=false |nomatch=}}--&gt;
| _has_EMA_link = {{{licence_EU|}}}&lt;!--

 Identifiers tracked --&gt;
| CAS_number={{{CAS_number|}}}
| PubChem={{{PubChem|}}}
| ChemSpiderID={{{ChemSpiderID|}}}
| ChEBI={{{ChEBI|}}}
| ChEMBL={{{ChEMBL|}}}
| DrugBank={{{DrugBank|}}}
| KEGG={{{KEGG|}}}
| _hasInChI_or_Key={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |yes}}
| UNII={{{UNII|}}}
| _hasJmol02 = {{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}&lt;!--

 Second IDs (see also: WD, QID2) --&gt;
|_hasMultipleCASnumbers = {{{CAS_number2|}}}
|_hasMultiplePubChemCIDs = {{{PubChem2|}}}
|_hasMultipleChEBIs = {{{ChEBI2|}}}

| _countSecondIDs=0
| _countIndexlabels=0&lt;!-- FEB2017 depr 2x the hard way: index0 index2 --&gt;&lt;!--

 MINOR TEMP TRACKING
 When param is not null, will be categorised in [[Category:Infobox drug tracked parameters]]
 Catsort under end letter; prio as listed here (top=article will show in 1st sortletter here, when double: article in first hit of *, Sortletter, A, Z)
--&gt;
| _trackListAsterisk=
| _trackListSortletter={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ChemSpiderID|}}}}}|na|_na_is_deprecated_value}}&lt;!-- use 'none' --&gt;
| _trackSortletter=S
&lt;!-- when _trackListSortletter hits, then sorted under this letter. Do not use 'T' (reserved for drugtype error) --&gt;
| _trackListA=
| _trackListZ=
&lt;!--

 WIKIDATA --&gt;
|QID = {{{QID|}}}
|QID2 = {{{QID2|}}}
&lt;!--

 BOT VALIDATION --&gt;
|Verifiedfields={{{Verifiedfields|}}}
|Watchedfields={{{Watchedfields|}}}
|verifiedrevid={{{verifiedrevid|}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nzll5spewra6er157xch0e71e4bi3gg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141431</id>
      <parentid>141422</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:15:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Guhindura ibirango mu Kinyarwanda no gukuraho amahuza atukura</comment>
      <origin>141431</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33681" sha1="7jrp812spdcylrfu3qs4ju1ifkn77pd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| bodystyle   = border-spacing:2px;
| headerstyle = background:#ddd
| labelstyle  = padding:0.2em 0; line-height:1.2em;
| autoheaders = yes&lt;!--

 INFOBOX TITLE ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| title = {{Infobox drug/title |title={{#if:{{{drug_name|}}} |{{{drug_name}}} |{{PAGENAME}} }} |INN={{{INN|}}} }}&lt;!--

 IMAGES ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| image1 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image|}}} |size={{{width|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt|}}}}}
| image2 = {{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{image2|}}}|size={{#if:{{{width2|}}}|{{{width2|}}}|{{{width|}}}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=1.36|alt={{{alt2|}}}}}
&lt;!-- caption: kept old behaviour: when only 'caption=' input, put that below *both* images (Jan 2016) --&gt;
| caption1={{#if:{{{image2|}}}| {{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} |}} |{{{caption|}}} }}
| caption2={{#if:{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption2|}}} |{{{caption|}}} }}

| image3 = {{#if:{{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}|&lt;table style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0;&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageL|}}}|size={{{widthL|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altL|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td style=&quot;vertical-align:top; text-align:center; width:50%;&quot;&gt;{{#invoke:InfoboxImage|InfoboxImage|image={{{imageR|}}}|size={{{widthR|}}}|sizedefault=frameless|upright=0.5|alt={{{altR|}}}}}&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;}}
| caption3 = {{{captionLR|}}}&lt;!--

 TYPEHEADER=VACC/COMBO/MAB/SINGLE --&gt;
| header1 = {{#switch:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}}
 | vaccine = [[Vaccine|Vaccine description]]
 | combo = Combination of
 | mab = [[Monoclonal antibody]]
 | #default =&lt;!-- no header when type=blank (single chemical) --&gt;
 }}&lt;!--

 TYPE VACCINE: ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
 If type=vaccine then show vaccine details --&gt;
| label5 = Target disease&lt;!-- reuse of target parameter; see vacc/mab --&gt;
|  data5 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#if:{{{target|}}} |{{{target}}} |&lt;!-- cat --&gt;}} }}

| label6 = Type
|  data6 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |vaccine |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{vaccine_type|}}}}}
 |inactivated |killed = [[Inactivated vaccine|Inactivated]]
 |attenuated = [[Attenuated virus]]
 |live = Live bacteria
 |viral = [[Viral vector vaccine|Viral vector]]
 |toxoid = [[Toxoid]]
 |subunit = [[Subunit vaccine|Subunit]]
 |protein |protein subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Protein subunit|Protein subunit]]
 |peptide |peptide subunit = [[Subunit vaccine#Peptide subunit|Peptide subunit]]
 |polysaccharide = [[Subunit vaccine#Polysaccharide subunit|Polysaccharide]]
 |vlp = [[Subunit vaccine#Virus-like particles|Virus-like particles]]
 |conjugate = [[Conjugate vaccine]]
 |recombinant = [[Recombinant DNA|Recombinant vector]]
 |dna = [[DNA vaccination]]
 |rna = [[RNA vaccine|RNA]]

 |mrna = [[mRNA vaccine|mRNA]]
 |#default={{{vaccine_type|}}} }} }}&lt;!-- freetext, shows unedited --&gt;&lt;!--

 TYPE MAB: ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
 If type=mab then show monoclonal antibody details --&gt;
| label10 = Type
|  data10 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{#switch:{{lc:{{{mab_type|}}}}}
 | mab = Whole antibody
 | fab = [[Fab fragment]]
 | f(ab')2 = [[Fragment antigen-binding|F(ab')&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fragment]]
 | fab' = [[Fab' fragment]]
 | scfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment]]
 | discfv = [[Single-chain variable fragment|Di-single-chain variable fragment]]
 | sdab = [[Single domain antibody]]
 | 3funct = [[Trifunctional antibody]]
 | clfab = [[Chemically linked Fab]]
 | bite = [[Bi-specific T-cell engager]]
 | #default=? }} }}

| label11 = Source
|  data11 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{Infobox drug/mab source |_mab_source={{{source|}}} }}}}&lt;!-- mab_source == internal only --&gt;

| label12 = Target
|  data12 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} |mab |{{{target|}}} }}&lt;!-- alternate use of target; see vacc --&gt;&lt;!--

 TYPE COMBO: ----- ----- ----- ----- -----
 if type=combo show its components (#2 obligatory, 3-6 optional) --&gt;
| label15 = {{#if:{{{component1|}}}|[[{{{component1}}}]]|[[? Component]]}}
|  data15 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class1|? Class}}} }}

| label16 = {{#if:{{{component2|}}}|[[{{{component2}}}]]|[[? Component]]}}
|  data16 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{{class2|? Class}}} }}

| label17 = [[{{{component3}}}]]
|  data17 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component3|}}}|{{{class3|}}}}} | {{{class3|? Class}}} }} }}

| label18 = [[{{{component4}}}]]
|  data18 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component4|}}}|{{{class4|}}}}} | {{{class4|? Class}}} }} }}

| label19 = [[{{{component5}}}]]
|  data19 = {{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | combo | {{#if:{{both|{{{component5|}}}|{{{class5|}}}}} | {{{class5|? Class}}} }} }}
&lt;!--
 TYPE: GENE THERAPY  ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- (no need to set type=... any parmeter input will show the section) --&gt;
|header20= Gene therapy

|label21 = Target gene
| data21 = {{{gt_target_gene|}}}

|label22 = Vector
| data22 = {{{gt_vector|}}}

|label23 = Nucleic acid type
| data23 = {{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}}

|label24 = Editing method
| data24 = {{{gt_editing_method|}}}

|label25 = Delivery method
| data25 = {{{gt_delivery_method|}}}
&lt;!-- NAMES --&gt;
| header26 = Amazina

| label27 = Imivugire
|  data27 = {{#if:{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_comment|}}} |{{{pronounce|}}}{{{pronounce_ref|}}}&amp;#x20;{{{pronounce_comment|}}} }}

| label28 = Amazina y'ubucuruzi
|  data28 = {{{tradename|}}}

| label29 = Andi mazina
|  data29 = {{#if:{{{AAN|}}}{{{BAN|}}}{{{JAN|}}}{{{USAN|}}} |{{Infobox drug/localINNvariants |synonyms={{{synonyms|}}} |AAN={{{AAN|}}} |BAN={{{BAN|}}} |JAN={{{JAN|}}} |USAN={{{USAN|}}} }} |{{{synonyms|}}} }}

&lt;!-- IUPAC_name (single chemical only) --&gt;
|  data30 = {{#if:{{{IUPAC_name|}}}
|{{Collapsible list &lt;!--| expand=test_yes--&gt;
|liststyle=word-break:break-all; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; text-indent:-1.5em;
|title = [[IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry|Izina rya IUPAC]]
|1=&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11px;&quot;&gt;{{{IUPAC_name|}}}&lt;/span&gt;
}} }}

&lt;!-- CLINICAL DATA --&gt;
| header31 = Amakuru y'ubuvuzi

| label32 = Ubwoko bw'umuti
|  data32 = {{{class|}}}

| label34 = Icyo ukoreshwa
|  data34 = {{{uses|}}}

| label35 = Ingaruka mbi
|  data35 = {{{side effects|{{{side_effects|}}}}}}

| label36 = Imikoranire n'indi miti
|  data36 = {{{interactions|}}}

| label40 = {{#if: {{{aware| }}} | WHO AWaRe }}
|  data40 = {{{aware|}}}

| label41 = Dependence risk
|  data41 = {{{dependency_liability|}}}

| label42 = Addiction risk
|  data42 = {{{addiction_liability|}}}

&lt;!-- pregnancy categories --&gt;
| label43 = Ku bagore batwite
|  data43 = {{Infobox drug/pregnancy category
|pregnancy_AU         = {{{pregnancy_AU|}}}
|pregnancy_US         = {{{pregnancy_US|}}}
|pregnancy_AU_comment = {{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}}
|pregnancy_US_comment = {{{pregnancy_US_comment|}}}
|pregnancy_category   = {{{pregnancy_category|}}}
|PLLR                 = {{{PLLR|}}}
}}

| label44 = Breastfeeding
|  data44 = {{{breastfeeding|}}}  

| label45 = Uko ufatwa
|  data45 = {{{routes_of_administration|{{{routes_of_use|}}}}}}

| label46 = Igihe utangira gukora
|  data46 = {{{onset|}}}  

| label47 = Igihe umara ukora
|  data47 = {{{duration_of_action|}}}

| label48 = Defined daily dose
|  data48 = {{{defined_daily_dose|}}}

| label49 = Typical dose
|  data49 = {{{typical_dose|}}}

| label50 = Duration
|  data50 = {{{duration|}}}

| label51 = Urine detection
|  data51 = {{{urine|}}}

&lt;!-- External links --&gt;
| header61 = Ihuza ryo hanze

| label62 = AHFS/Drugs.com
|  data62 = {{{Drugs.com|}}}

| label73 = WHO Essential Medicines
|  data73 = {{#if:{{{WHO|}}} |[https://list.essentialmeds.org/recommendations/{{{WHO}}} {{{WHO}}}]}}

| label84 = MedlinePlus
|  data84 = {{#if: {{{MedlinePlus|}}} | &lt;span title=&quot;medlineplus.gov&quot;&gt;[https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/{{{MedlinePlus}}}.html {{{MedlinePlus}}}]&lt;/span&gt;}}&lt;!--

 PHYSIOLOGICAL DATA
 Hormones, neurotransmitters etc. are not a separate drugtype (just a single chemical)
 Section 'Physiological data' appears when there is parameter input. May 2017.
--&gt;
| header95 = Physiological data

| label106= Source tissues
|  data106= {{{source_tissues|}}}

| label117= Target tissues
|  data117= {{{target_tissues|}}}

| label128= Receptors
|  data128= {{{receptors|}}}

| label139= Agonists
|  data139= {{{agonists|}}}

| label140= Antagonists
|  data140= {{{antagonists|}}}

| label151= Precursor
|  data151= {{{precursor|}}}

| label162= Biosynthesis
|  data162= {{{biosynthesis|}}}

| label163= Uko uhinduka mu mubiri
|  data163= {{#if:{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}} |&lt;!-- has context so show here: --&gt;{{{metabolism|}}} }}&lt;!--

 LEGAL STATUS --&gt;
| header164 = Legal

| label165 = {{engvar|defaultWord=License |defaultLang=en-US |en-UK=Licence |en-AU=Licence |en-CA=Licence |en-NZ=Licence |en-EI=Licence |engvar={{{engvar|}}} }} data
|  data165 = {{Infobox drug/licence
 |INN_EMA={{{INN_EMA|}}}
 |licence_EU={{#if:{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}|yes}}
 | _EMA_use_INN={{ParameterUseFirst
 |1={{{INN_EMA|}}}
 |2={{#ifeq:{{{INN|}}}|none||{{{INN|}}}}}
 |3={{{drug_name|}}}
 |4={{PAGENAME}}
  }}
 |licence_US={{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_US|}}}
 |DailyMedID={{{DailyMedID|}}}
 |licence_CA=&lt;!-- switched off, no CA page available (Feb 2017):  {{{licence_CA|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}--&gt;
}}&lt;!-- so internally, spell licenCe --&gt;

| label166 = Uko wemewe n'amategeko
|  data166 = {{Infobox drug/legal status
 |legal_AU={{{legal_AU|}}}
 |legal_BR={{{legal_BR|}}}
 |legal_CA={{{legal_CA|}}}
 |legal_DE={{{legal_DE|}}}
 |legal_NZ={{{legal_NZ|}}}
 |legal_UK={{{legal_UK|}}}
 |legal_US={{{legal_US|}}}
 |legal_EU={{{legal_EU|}}}
 |legal_UN={{{legal_UN|}}}
 |legal_AU_comment={{{legal_AU_comment|}}}
 |legal_BR_comment={{{legal_BR_comment|}}}
 |legal_CA_comment={{{legal_CA_comment|}}}
 |legal_DE_comment={{{legal_DE_comment|}}}
 |legal_NZ_comment={{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}
 |legal_UK_comment={{{legal_UK_comment|}}}
 |legal_US_comment={{{legal_US_comment|}}}
 |legal_EU_comment={{{legal_EU_comment|}}}
 |legal_UN_comment={{{legal_UN_comment|}}}
 |legal_status={{{legal_status|}}}
 }}&lt;!--

 PHARMACOKINETIC ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header170 = Pharmacokinetics

  | label171 = Igipimo kigera mu maraso
  |  data171 = {{{bioavailability|}}}
  | label172 = Kwifatanya na poroteyine
  |  data172 = {{{protein_bound|}}}
  | label173 = Uko uhinduka mu mubiri
  |  data173 = {{#if:{{{bioavailability|}}}{{{protein_bound|}}}{{{metabolites|}}}{{{elimination_half-life|}}}{{{excretion|}}} |{{{metabolism|}}}|{{#if:{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}
||{{{metabolism|}}}}} }}
  | label174 = Metabolites
  |  data174 = {{{metabolites|}}}

  | label176 = Elimination {{nowrap|half-life}}
  |  data176 = {{{elimination_half-life|}}}
  | label178 = Uko usohoka
  |  data178 = {{{excretion|}}}&lt;!--

 IDENTIFIERS ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header180 = Ibiranga
&lt;!--
 label_comment: explain the labels --&gt;
| label183 = &amp;#x200B;&lt;!-- keeps data in righthand column --&gt;
|  data183 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{#if:{{{index_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index_label|}}} |{{{index_label|}}}:&amp;#x20;}}{{{index_comment|}}} }}
|2={{#if:{{{index2_comment|}}} |{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}} |{{{index2_label|}}}:&amp;#x20;}}{{{index2_comment|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 CAS NUMBER --&gt;
| label184 = CAS Number
|  data184 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatCASnumber |localValue={{{CAS_number2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment={{{CAS_supplemental2|}}} |botref={{{CAS_number2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 PUBCHEM CID --&gt;
| label185 = PubChem &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;{{abbr|CID|Compound ID}}&lt;/span&gt;
|  data185 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem|}}} |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |comment= }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemCID |localValue={{{PubChem2|}}} |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |comment= }}
}}&lt;!--

 PUBCHEM SID unrestricted showing (independent of CID) Feb 2017 --&gt;
|label186 = {{#if:{{{PubChem|}}}{{{PubChem2|}}} |PubChem |PubChem }}&amp;#x20;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;{{abbr|1=SID|2=Structure ID}}&lt;/span&gt;
| data186 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatPubChemSID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{PubChemSubstance2|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 IUPHAR PBS iuphar --&gt;
| label187 = IUPHAR/BPS
|  data187 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue=
{{{IUPHAR_ligand|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatIUPHARBPS |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue=
{{{IUPHAR_ligand2|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 DRUGBANK --&gt;
| label188 = DrugBank
|  data188 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatDrugBank |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DrugBank2|}}} |botref={{{DrugBank2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 CHEMSPIDER --&gt;
| label189 = ChemSpider
|  data189 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |index=0 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChemSpider |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |index=2 |localValue={{{ChemSpiderID2|}}} |botref={{{ChemSpiderID2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 UNII --&gt;
| label190 = UNII
|  data190 =  {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII|}}} |botref={{{UNIIRef|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatUNII |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{UNII2|}}} |botref={{{UNII2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 KEGG --&gt;
| label191 = KEGG
|  data191 =  {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG|}}} |botref={{{KEGG_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatKEGG |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{KEGG2|}}} |botref={{{KEGG2_Ref|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 CHEBI --&gt;
| label192 = ChEBI
|  data192 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChEBI |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEBI2|}}} |botref={{{ChEBI2_Ref|}}} }} }}&lt;!--

 CHEMBL --&gt;
| label193 = ChEMBL
|  data193 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL_Ref|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChEMBL |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{ChEMBL2|}}} |botref={{{ChEMBL2_Ref|}}} }} }}&lt;!--

 NIAID niaid --&gt;
| label194 = NIAID ChemDB
|  data194 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatChemDBNIAID |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{NIAID_ChemDB2|}}} }}
}}&lt;!--

 PDB ligand --&gt;
| label196 = PDB ligand
|  data196 = {{#switch:{{{type|}}} |combo|vaccine=
|#default={{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand|}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatPDBligand |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} | localValue={{{PDB_ligand2|}}} }}
 }}}}&lt;!--

 CompTox (EPA) DTXSID --&gt;
| label198 = CompTox Dashboard &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;({{abbr|EPA|U.S. Environmental Protection Agency}})&lt;/span&gt;
|  data198 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index_label|}}}  |localValue={{{DTXSID|}}} |useWD= }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatCompTox |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localValue={{{DTXSID2|}}} }} }}&lt;!--

 ATC atc human --&gt;
| label199 = Kode ya ATC
|  data199 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |&lt;!-- skip vet --&gt; |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}}
|2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet}}}}} |yes |&lt;!-- skip vet --&gt; |{{Infobox drug/formatATC |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}}
}}&lt;!--

 ATC VET --&gt;
| label200 = ATCvet code
|  data200 = {{unbulleted list
|1={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=0 |ix_label={{{index_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental|}}} }}}}
&lt;!-- ATCvet does not have a #2 option: its one for both then --&gt;
|2={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ATCvet|}}}}}|yes|{{Infobox drug/formatATCvet |index=2 |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |ATC_prefix={{{ATC_prefix2|}}} |ATC_suffix={{{ATC_suffix2|}}} |ATC_supplemental={{{ATC_supplemental2|}}} }}}}
}}&lt;!--

 CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL DATA ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header211 = Amakuru y'ubutabire&lt;!--

--&gt;
  | label222 = Formule
  |  data222 = {{Infobox drug/chemical formula
|chemical_formula_fixed={{{chemical_formula|}}}
|Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}}
|charge={{{charge|}}}
|chemical_formula_ref={{{chemical_formula_ref|}}}
|chemical_formula_comment={{{chemical_formula_comment|}}} }}

  | label233 = Uburemere bwa mole
  |  data233 = {{Chem molar mass
|Ac={{{Ac|}}}|Ag={{{Ag|}}}|Al={{{Al|}}}|Am={{{Am|}}}|Ar={{{Ar|}}}|As={{{As|}}}|At={{{At|}}}|Au={{{Au|}}}|B={{{B|}}}|Ba={{{Ba|}}}|Be={{{Be|}}}|Bh={{{Bh|}}}|Bi={{{Bi|}}}|Bk={{{Bk|}}}|Br={{{Br|}}}|C={{{C|}}}|Ca={{{Ca|}}}|Cd={{{Cd|}}}|Ce={{{Ce|}}}|Cf={{{Cf|}}}|Cl={{{Cl|}}}|Cm={{{Cm|}}}|Cn={{{Cn|}}}|Co={{{Co|}}}|Cr={{{Cr|}}}|Cs={{{Cs|}}}|Cu={{{Cu|}}}|D={{{D|}}}|Db={{{Db|}}}|Ds={{{Ds|}}}|Dy={{{Dy|}}}|Er={{{Er|}}}|Es={{{Es|}}}|Eu={{{Eu|}}}|F={{{F|}}}|Fe={{{Fe|}}}|Fl={{{Fl|}}}|Fm={{{Fm|}}}|Fr={{{Fr|}}}|Ga={{{Ga|}}}|Gd={{{Gd|}}}|Ge={{{Ge|}}}|H={{{H|}}}|He={{{He|}}}|Hf={{{Hf|}}}|Hg={{{Hg|}}}|Ho={{{Ho|}}}|Hs={{{Hs|}}}|I={{{I|}}}|In={{{In|}}}|Ir={{{Ir|}}}|K={{{K|}}}|Kr={{{Kr|}}}|La={{{La|}}}|Li={{{Li|}}}|Lr={{{Lr|}}}|Lu={{{Lu|}}}|Lv={{{Lv|}}}|Mc={{{Mc|}}}|Md={{{Md|}}}|Mg={{{Mg|}}}|Mn={{{Mn|}}}|Mo={{{Mo|}}}|Mt={{{Mt|}}}|N={{{N|}}}|Na={{{Na|}}}|Nb={{{Nb|}}}|Nd={{{Nd|}}}|Ne={{{Ne|}}}|Nh={{{Nh|}}}|Ni={{{Ni|}}}|No={{{No|}}}|Np={{{Np|}}}|O={{{O|}}}|Og={{{Og|}}}|Os={{{Os|}}}|P={{{P|}}}|Pa={{{Pa|}}}|Pb={{{Pb|}}}|Pd={{{Pd|}}}|Pm={{{Pm|}}}|Po={{{Po|}}}|Pr={{{Pr|}}}|Pt={{{Pt|}}}|Pu={{{Pu|}}}|Ra={{{Ra|}}}|Rb={{{Rb|}}}|Re={{{Re|}}}|Rf={{{Rf|}}}|Rg={{{Rg|}}}|Rh={{{Rh|}}}|Rn={{{Rn|}}}|Ru={{{Ru|}}}|S={{{S|}}}|Sb={{{Sb|}}}|Sc={{{Sc|}}}|Se={{{Se|}}}|Sg={{{Sg|}}}|Si={{{Si|}}}|Sm={{{Sm|}}}|Sn={{{Sn|}}}|Sr={{{Sr|}}}|Ta={{{Ta|}}}|Tb={{{Tb|}}}|Tc={{{Tc|}}}|Te={{{Te|}}}|Th={{{Th|}}}|Ti={{{Ti|}}}|Tl={{{Tl|}}}|Tm={{{Tm|}}}|Ts={{{Ts|}}}|U={{{U|}}}|V={{{V|}}}|W={{{W|}}}|Xe={{{Xe|}}}|Y={{{Y|}}}|Yb={{{Yb|}}}|Zn={{{Zn|}}}|Zr={{{Zr|}}}
|fixed = {{{molecular_weight|}}}&lt;!-- should be molar mass --&gt;
|round = {{{molecular_weight_round|}}}
|unit  = {{{molecular_weight_unit|}}}
|ref   = {{{molecular_weight_ref|}}}
|comment = {{{molecular_weight_comment|}}}
}}{{#ifeq:{{#invoke:String|find|source={{{molecular_weight|}}}|target=[^0-9.]|plain=false }}|0||{{main other|1=[[Category:Infobox-drug molecular-weight unexpected-character]]}}}}
&lt;!-- JMOL --&gt;
  | label244 = 3D model (JSmol)
  |  data244 = {{#ifeq:{{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}|none||{{unbulleted list
|1={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index_label|}}}  |localJmol={{{Jmol|}}}  |localSMILES={{{SMILES |{{{smiles|}}}}}} }}
|2={{Infobox drug/formatJmol |ix_label={{{index2_label|}}} |localJmol={{{Jmol2|}}} |localSMILES={{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} }}
}}}}

  | label256 = Chirality
  |  data256 = {{{chirality|}}}
  | label267 = Specific rotation
  |  data267 = {{{specific_rotation|}}}

&lt;!-- physical data: --&gt;
  | label271 = Ubucucike
  |  data271 = {{#if:{{{density|}}} | {{{density}}}&amp;nbsp;g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;}} {{{density_notes|}}}
  | label282= Ubushyuhe bwo gushonga
  |  data282 = {{#if:{{{melting_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{melting_point|}}} {{#if:{{{melting_high|}}}|to {{{melting_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{melting_notes|}}}
  | label293 = Ubushyuhe bwo kubira
  |  data293 = {{#if:{{{boiling_point|}}}|{{convert|{{{boiling_point|}}} {{#if:{{{boiling_high|}}}|to {{{boiling_high|}}}|}}|C|F}} }} {{{boiling_notes|}}}
  | label304 = Gushonga mu mazi
  |  data304 = {{#if:{{{solubility|}}} |{{{solubility}}}{{{sol_units|&amp;nbsp;mg/mL (20&amp;nbsp;°C)}}}}}

  |  data318 = {{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} | {{Collapsible list
&lt;!-- | expand=test_yes --&gt;
     |liststyle=word-break:break-all;
     |title = [[Simplified molecular-input line-entry system|SMILES]]
     |1={{#if:{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}|&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
     |2={{#if:{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}} |{{#if:{{{SMILES|{{{smiles|}}}}}}|&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}{{{SMILES2|{{{smiles2|}}}}}}&lt;/div&gt; }}}}
     }}

  |  data319 = {{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}|
  {{Collapsible list
&lt;!-- | expand=test_yes --&gt;
    |liststyle=word-break:break-all;
    |title=[[International Chemical Identifier|InChI]]
    |1={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}
      |&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index_label|}}}|{{{index_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{#if:{{{StdInChI_comment|}}} |&lt;br/&gt;{{{StdInChI_comment}}} }}&lt;/div&gt;}}
    |2={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey|}}}
      |&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;Key:{{{StdInChIKey}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
    |3={{#if:{{{StdInChI2|}}}
      |{{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}|&lt;br/&gt;}}&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;{{#if:{{{index2_label|}}}|{{{index2_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}InChI={{{StdInChI2}}}{{{StdInChI2_Ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
    |4={{#if:{{{StdInChIKey2|}}}
      |&lt;div style=&quot;word-wrap:break-word; text-indent:-1.5em; text-align:left; padding-left:1.5em; font-size:11px; line-height:120%;&quot;&gt;Key:{{{StdInChIKey2}}}{{{StdInChIKey2_Ref|}}}&lt;/div&gt;}}
  }}&lt;!-- eo collapsible list --&gt;}}&lt;!-- eo data89 if:StdInChI --&gt;&lt;!--

 DATA PAGE ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| header320 = Data page

| data321 = {{#if:{{{data_page|}}} |[[{{trim brackets|1={{{data_page|}}}}}]] |{{#ifexist:{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page) |[[{{FULLPAGENAME}} (data page)]]}}}}&lt;!--

 VERIFICATIONS ----- ----- ----- ----- --&gt;
| below =&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{Verifiedfields|}}}{{{verifiedrevid|}}}
|{{#ifeq:{{{Verifiedfields|}}} |changed|&lt;!--
--&gt;{{nobold|1=&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;{{cross|7}}{{tick|7}}&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}}
|{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}}}|&lt;!--
--&gt;{{nobold|1=&amp;nbsp;&lt;sup&gt;{{cross|7}}{{tick|7}}&lt;/sup&gt;&amp;nbsp;[[Wikipedia:WikiProject_Chemicals/Chembox_validation|(what is this?)]]}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#if:{{{verifiedrevid|}}}|{{nobold|1=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;reflink plainlinks nourlexpansion&quot;&gt;[{{fullurl:Special:ComparePages|rev1={{{verifiedrevid|}}}&amp;page2={{urlencode:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}}} (verify)]&lt;/span&gt;}}}}}}

| belowstyle  = border-top:3px solid #ccc;padding-top:0.5em;
| below       = {{Unbulleted list | {{{video1|}}} | {{{video2|}}} }}

}}&lt;!-- END OF INFOBOX ----- ----- ----- ----- -----

 Parameter check:
--&gt;{{#invoke:TemplatePar
|check
|template=Template:Infobox_drug
|all= |opt= pronounce= pronounce_ref= pronounce_comment= ATC_prefix= ATC_suffix= ATC_supplemental= ATCvet= CAS_number_Ref= CAS_number= CAS_supplemental= ChEBI= ChEBI_Ref= ChEMBL_Ref= ChEMBL= ChemSpiderID= ChemSpiderID_Ref= chirality= class= DailyMedID= data_page= DrugBank_Ref= DrugBank= Drugs.com= duration_of_action= INN= INN_EMA= IUPAC_name= IUPHAR_ligand= KEGG_Ref= KEGG= MedlinePlus= NIAID_ChemDB= PDB_ligand= PubChemSubstance= PubChem= StdInChIKey_Ref= StdInChIKey= StdInChI_Ref= StdInChI_comment= StdInChI= UNII_Ref= UNII= DTXSID= Verifiedfields= Watchedfields= addiction_liability= alt2= altL= altR= alt= bioavailability= boiling_high= boiling_notes= boiling_point= captionLR= caption= caption2= charge= chemical_formula= chemical_formula_ref= chemical_formula_comment= class1= class2= class3= class4= class5= component1= component2= component3= component4= component5= density= density_notes= dependency_liability= drug_name= elimination_half-life= engvar= excretion= image2= imageL= imageR= image= Jmol= legal_AU= legal_BR= legal_CA= legal_DE= legal_EU= legal_NZ= legal_UK= legal_UN= legal_US= legal_AU_comment= legal_BR_comment= legal_CA_comment= legal_DE_comment= legal_UK_comment= legal_NZ_comment= legal_US_comment= legal_UN_comment= legal_EU_comment= legal_status= licence_CA= licence_EU= licence_US= license_CA= license_EU= license_US= mab_type= melting_high= melting_notes= melting_point= metabolism= metabolites= molecular_weight= molecular_weight_round= molecular_weight_unit= molecular_weight_ref= molecular_weight_comment= onset= pregnancy_AU= pregnancy_US= pregnancy_AU_comment= pregnancy_US_comment= pregnancy_category= protein_bound= routes_of_administration= SMILES= smiles= solubility= sol_units= source= specific_rotation= synonyms= target= tradename= type= vaccine_type= verifiedrevid= width2= widthL= widthR= width= AAN= BAN= JAN= USAN=
&lt;!-- Physiological (2017) --&gt;source_tissues= target_tissues= receptors= agonists= antagonists= precursor= biosynthesis= 
&lt;!-- Gene therapy (March 2018) --&gt;gt_target_gene= gt_vector= gt_nucleic_acid_type= gt_editing_method= gt_delivery_method=
&lt;!-- depr Mar 2017, but removal here would be trivial: --&gt;sec_combustion=
&lt;!-- unused, removed: InChI= InChIKey=; use StdInChI/Key because CheMoBot only checks these --&gt;
&lt;!-- chem elements --&gt;Ac=Ag=Al=Am=Ar=As=At=Au=B=Ba=Be=Bh=Bi=Bk=Br=C=Ca=Cd=Ce=Cf=Cl=Cm=Cn=Co=Cr=Cs=Cu=
D=Db=Ds=Dy=Er=Es=Eu=F=Fe=Fl=Fm=Fr=Ga=Gd=Ge=H=He=Hf=Hg=Ho=Hs=I=In=Ir=K=Kr=La=Li=Lr=Lu=Lv=
Mc=Md=Mg=Mn=Mo=Mt=N=Na=Nb=Nd=Ne=Nh=Ni=No=Np=O=Og=Os=P=Pa=Pb=Pd=Pm=Po=Pr=Pt=Pu=Ra=Rb=Re=Rf=Rg=Rh=Rn=Ru=S=Sb=Sc=Se=Sg=Si=Sm=Sn=Sr=Ta=Tb=Tc=Te=Th=Ti=Tl=Tm=Ts=U=V=W=Xe=Y=Yb=Zn=Zr=
&lt;!-- #2 identifiers (indexes): --&gt;index_label= index2_label= index_comment= index2_comment=
CAS_number2= CAS_supplemental2= ATC_prefix2= ATC_suffix2= ATC_supplemental2= PubChem2= PubChemSubstance2= IUPHAR_ligand2= DrugBank2= ChemSpiderID2= UNII2= KEGG2= ChEBI2= ChEMBL2= PDB_ligand2= NIAID_ChemDB2= SMILES2= smiles2= StdInChI2= StdInChIKey2= 
CAS_number2_Ref= ChEBI2_Ref= ChEMBL2_Ref= ChemSpiderID2_Ref= DrugBank2_Ref= KEGG2_Ref= StdInChI2_Ref= StdInChIKey2_Ref= UNII2_Ref= DTXSID2= 
&lt;!-- Wikidata: --&gt;QID= QID2=
|cat=Chemical articles with unknown parameter in Infobox drug
|format=0|errNS=0
|preview=&lt;div class=&quot;error&quot; style=&quot;font-weight:normal&quot;&gt;@@@ (See [[Template:Infobox drug/doc/full parameter list|parameter list]]). This message only shows in Preview, it will not show after you do {{button|{{int:publishchanges}}}}.&lt;/div&gt;
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;!-- Tracking categories:
--&gt;{{Infobox drug/maintenance categories&lt;!--
* Parameters starting with _underscore are internal constructs only, not straight article input
--&gt;
| drug_name = {{{drug_name|}}}
| INN = {{{INN|}}}
| _drugtype = {{lc:{{{type|}}}}}

&lt;!-- drugtype detected by input (not by type=): --&gt;
| _has_physiological_data={{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}&lt;!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --&gt;
| _has_gene_therapy={{{gt_target_gene|}}}{{{gt_vector|}}}{{{gt_nucleic_acid_type|}}}{{{gt_editing_method|}}}{{{gt_delivery_method|}}}

&lt;!-- for catsort: --&gt;
| vaccine_type={{{vaccine_type|}}}
| mab_type={{{mab_type|}}}
| _number_of_combo_chemicals=0
&lt;!-- to check illogical input --&gt;
| _vaccine_data={{{vaccine_type|}}}
| _mab_data={{{mab_type|}}}{{{source|}}}
| _mab_vaccine_data={{{target|}}}
| _mab_other_data=&lt;!-- chem data --&gt;{{{C|}}}{{{H|}}}{{{F|}}}{{{I|}}}{{{N|}}}{{{O|}}}{{{SMILES|}}}{{{smiles|}}}{{{chirality|}}}{{{specific_rotation|}}}{{{SMILES2|}}}{{{smiles2|}}}{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChI_comment|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}}{{{StdInChI_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChIKey_Ref|}}}{{{StdInChI2|}}}&lt;!-- physical data --&gt;{{{density|}}}{{{density_notes|}}}{{{melting_point|}}}{{{boiling_point|}}}{{{melting_high|}}}{{{boiling_high|}}}{{{solubility|}}}{{{molecular_weight|}}}
| _combo_data={{{component1|}}}{{{component2|}}}{{{component3|}}}{{{component4|}}}{{{component5|}}}{{{class1|}}}{{{class2|}}}{{{class3|}}}{{{class4|}}}{{{class5|}}}
| _physiological_data=&lt;!-- physiological data input/ USED??? see also _physiological_data. March2018   --&gt;{{{sources|}}}{{{targets|}}}{{{receptors|}}}{{{agonists|}}}{{{antagonists|}}}{{{precursor|}}}{{{biosynthesis|}}}&lt;!-- not metabolism, b/c can also be regular pharmacokinetic input --&gt;
| _clinical_data=&lt;!-- conflicts with physiological (endogenous) data --&gt;{{{Drugs.com|}}}{{{MedlinePlus|}}}{{{PLLR|}}}{{{addiction_liability|}}}{{{dependency_liability|}}}{{{licence_CA|}}}{{{licence_EU|}}}{{{licence_US|}}}{{{license_CA|}}}{{{license_EU|}}}{{{license_US|}}}{{{DailyMedID|}}}
{{{pregnancy_AU_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_AU|}}}{{{pregnancy_US_comment|}}}{{{pregnancy_US|}}}{{{pregnancy_category|}}}{{{routes_of_administration|}}}{{{tradename|}}}{{{class|}}}{{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}{{{ATC_prefix2|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental2|}}}
| _legal_data=&lt;!-- conflicts with physiological (endogeneous) data --&gt;{{{legal_AU_comment|}}}{{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR_comment|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA_comment|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_DE_comment|}}}{{{legal_DE|}}}{{{legal_EU_comment|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_NZ_comment|}}}{{{legal_NZ|}}}{{{legal_UK_comment|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_UN_comment|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_US_comment|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_status|}}}

| _other_data={{{IUPAC_name|}}}

| _image_0_or_2 = {{{image|}}}{{{image2|}}}
| _image_LR = {{{imageL|}}}{{{imageR|}}}

| _datapage = {{PAGENAME}} (data page)&lt;!-- 3rd ifexist on this one? / TODO: could be set by param |data page= --&gt;
| _vaccine_target={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{type|}}}}} | vaccine | {{{target|}}} | _type_not_vaccine }}&lt;!-- vaccine with empty target = to maint cat; former question mark --&gt;
| _legal_all={{{legal_AU|}}}{{{legal_BR|}}}{{{legal_CA|}}}{{{legal_UK|}}}{{{legal_US|}}}{{{legal_UN|}}}{{{legal_EU|}}}{{{legal_status|}}}
| _ATC_prefix_supplemental={{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}&lt;!-- together --&gt;
&lt;!-- UNUSED FEB 2017 | _molmassHasNonstandardUnit ={{#invoke:String|match|s=_{{lc:{{{molecular_weight|}}}{{{molecular_weight_unit|}}} }} |pattern=%W[k]?Da |plain=false |nomatch=}}--&gt;
| _has_EMA_link = {{{licence_EU|}}}&lt;!--

 Identifiers tracked --&gt;
| CAS_number={{{CAS_number|}}}
| PubChem={{{PubChem|}}}
| ChemSpiderID={{{ChemSpiderID|}}}
| ChEBI={{{ChEBI|}}}
| ChEMBL={{{ChEMBL|}}}
| DrugBank={{{DrugBank|}}}
| KEGG={{{KEGG|}}}
| _hasInChI_or_Key={{#if:{{{StdInChI|}}}{{{StdInChIKey|}}} |yes}}
| UNII={{{UNII|}}}
| _hasJmol02 = {{{Jmol|}}}{{{Jmol2|}}}&lt;!--

 Second IDs (see also: WD, QID2) --&gt;
|_hasMultipleCASnumbers = {{{CAS_number2|}}}
|_hasMultiplePubChemCIDs = {{{PubChem2|}}}
|_hasMultipleChEBIs = {{{ChEBI2|}}}

| _countSecondIDs=0
| _countIndexlabels=0&lt;!-- FEB2017 depr 2x the hard way: index0 index2 --&gt;&lt;!--

 MINOR TEMP TRACKING
 When param is not null, will be categorised in [[Category:Infobox drug tracked parameters]]
 Catsort under end letter; prio as listed here (top=article will show in 1st sortletter here, when double: article in first hit of *, Sortletter, A, Z)
--&gt;
| _trackListAsterisk=
| _trackListSortletter={{#ifeq:{{lc:{{{ChemSpiderID|}}}}}|na|_na_is_deprecated_value}}&lt;!-- use 'none' --&gt;
| _trackSortletter=S
&lt;!-- when _trackListSortletter hits, then sorted under this letter. Do not use 'T' (reserved for drugtype error) --&gt;
| _trackListA=
| _trackListZ=
&lt;!--

 WIKIDATA --&gt;
|QID = {{{QID|}}}
|QID2 = {{{QID2|}}}
&lt;!--

 BOT VALIDATION --&gt;
|Verifiedfields={{{Verifiedfields|}}}
|Watchedfields={{{Watchedfields|}}}
|verifiedrevid={{{verifiedrevid|}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;}}
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7jrp812spdcylrfu3qs4ju1ifkn77pd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inyandikorugero:Infobox drug/formatATC</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>21430</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141434</id>
      <parentid>127244</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:15:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gukuraho ihuza ritukura rya kode ya ATC</comment>
      <origin>141434</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="558" sha1="hrbvwepvt9bcuycqq39y6546doppykm" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!-- ATC is not vet
--&gt;{{#if:{{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}|{{#if:{{{ix_label|}}}|{{{ix_label|}}}:&amp;nbsp;}}}}&lt;!--
--&gt;{{#switch:{{{ATC_prefix|}}}
|={{{ATC_supplemental|}}}
|None|none={{{ATC_prefix|}}}{{main other|[[Category:Drugs not assigned an ATC code]]}}
|#default={{{ATC_prefix}}}{{{ATC_suffix|}}}{{#if:{{{ATC_suffix|}}} |&lt;!--
 --&gt;&amp;#x20;(&lt;span title=&quot;www.whocc.no&quot;&gt;[https://www.whocc.no/atc_ddd_index/?code={{{ATC_prefix}}}{{{ATC_suffix|}}} WHO]&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;!--
 --&gt;}}&amp;#x20;{{{ATC_supplemental|}}}
}}&lt;!--

--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>hrbvwepvt9bcuycqq39y6546doppykm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Webarchive</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>21461</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141466</id>
      <parentid>127447</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:18:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Amazina ya serivisi z'ububiko (Wayback Machine...) yerekeza kuri en.wikipedia aho kuba amahuza atukura</comment>
      <origin>141466</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="38588" sha1="hx7ezmidlfrkvvecvxbuyh7mgws4gem" xml:space="preserve">--[[ ----------------------------------

Lua module implementing the {{webarchive}} template. 

A merger of the functionality of three templates: {{wayback}}, {{webcite}} and {{cite archives}}
	
]]


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E P E N D E N C I E S &gt;------------------------------------------------------
]]

require('strict');
local getArgs = require ('Module:Arguments').getArgs;


--[[--------------------------&lt; F O R W A R D   D E C L A R A T I O N S &gt;--------------------------------------
]]

local categories = {};															-- category names
local config = {};																-- global configuration settings
local digits = {};																-- for i18n; table that translates local-wiki digits to western digits
local err_warn_msgs = {};														-- error and warning messages
local excepted_pages = {};
local month_num = {};															-- for i18n; table that translates local-wiki month names to western digits
local prefixes = {};															-- service provider tail string prefixes
local services = {};															-- archive service provider data from
local s_text = {};																-- table of static text strings used to build final rendering
local uncategorized_namespaces = {};											-- list of namespaces that we should not categorize
local uncategorized_subpages = {};												-- list of subpages that should not be categorized


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A G E   S C O P E   I D E N T I F I E R S &gt;----------------------------------
]]

local non_western_digits;														-- boolean flag set true when data.digits.enable is true
local this_page = mw.title.getCurrentTitle();

local track = {};																-- Associative array to hold tracking categories
local ulx = {};																	-- Associative array to hold template data 


--[[--------------------------&lt; S U B S T I T U T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Populates numbered arguments in a message string using an argument table.

]]

local function substitute (msg, args)
	return args and mw.message.newRawMessage (msg, args):plain() or msg;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; tableLength &gt;-----------------------

Given a 1-D table, return number of elements

]]

local function tableLength(T)
	local count = 0
	for _ in pairs(T) do count = count + 1 end
	return count
end


--[=[-------------------------&lt; M A K E _ W I K I L I N K &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Makes a wikilink; when both link and display text is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L|D]]; if only
link is provided, returns a wikilink in the form [[L]]; if neither are provided or link is omitted, returns an
empty string.

]=]

local function make_wikilink (link, display, no_link)
	if nil == no_link then
		if link and ('' ~= link) then
			if display and ('' ~= display) then
				return table.concat ({'[[', link, '|', display, ']]'});
			else
				return table.concat ({'[[', link, ']]'});
			end
		end
		return display or '';													-- link not set so return the display text

	else																		-- no_link
		if display and ('' ~= display) then										-- if there is display text
			return display;														-- return that
		else
			return link or '';													-- return the target article name or empty string
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; createTracking &gt;-----------------------

Return data in track[] ie. tracking categories

]]

local function createTracking()
	if not excepted_pages[this_page.fullText] then								-- namespace:title/fragment is allowed to be categorized (typically this module's / template's testcases page(s))
		if uncategorized_namespaces[this_page.nsText] then
			return '';															-- this page not to be categorized so return empty string
		end
		for _,v in ipairs (uncategorized_subpages) do							-- cycle through page name patterns
			if this_page.text:match (v) then									-- test page name against each pattern
				return '';														-- this subpage type not to be categorized so return empty string
			end
		end
	end

	local out = {};
	if tableLength(track) &gt; 0 then
		for key, _ in pairs(track) do											-- loop through table
			table.insert (out, make_wikilink (key));							-- and convert category names to links
		end
	end
	return table.concat (out);													-- concat into one big string; empty string if table is empty

end


--[[--------------------------&lt; inlineError &gt;-----------------------

Critical error. Render output completely in red. Add to tracking category.

This function called as the last thing before abandoning this module

]]

local function inlineError (msg, args)
	track[categories.error] = 1
	return table.concat ({
		'&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot; class=&quot;error citation-comment&quot;&gt;Error in ',	-- open the error message span
		config.tname,															-- insert the local language template name
		' template: ',
		substitute (msg, args),													-- insert the formatted error message
		'.&lt;/span&gt;',																-- close the span
		createTracking()														-- add the category
		})
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; inlineRed &gt;-----------------------

Render a text fragment in red, such as a warning as part of the final output.
Add tracking category.

 ]]

local function inlineRed(msg, trackmsg)
	if trackmsg == &quot;warning&quot; then
		track[categories.warning] = 1;
	elseif trackmsg == &quot;error&quot; then
		track[categories.error] = 1;
	end

	return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%&quot; class=&quot;error citation-comment&quot;&gt;' .. msg .. '&lt;/span&gt;'
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; base62 &gt;-----------------------

Convert base-62 to base-10
Credit: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modul:Expr 

]]

local function base62( value )
	local r = 1																	-- default return value is input value is malformed

	if value:match ('%W') then													-- value must only be in the set [0-9a-zA-Z]
		return;																	-- nil return when value contains extraneous characters
	end

	local n = #value															-- number of characters in value
	local k = 1
	local c
	r = 0
	for i = n, 1, -1 do															-- loop through all characters in value from ls digit to ms digit
		c = value:byte( i, i )
		if c &gt;= 48 and c &lt;= 57 then												-- character is digit 0-9
			c = c - 48
		elseif c &gt;= 65 and c &lt;= 90 then											-- character is ascii a-z
			c = c - 55
		else																	-- must be ascii A-Z
			c = c - 61
		end
		r = r + c * k															-- accumulate this base62 character's value
		k = k * 62																-- bump for next
	end -- for i

	return r
end 


--[[--------------------------&lt; D E C O D E _ D A T E &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

Given a date string, return it in iso format along with an indicator of the date's format.  Except that month names
must be recognizable as legitimate month names with proper capitalization, and that the date string must match one
of the recognized date formats, no error checking is done here; return nil else

]]

local function decode_date (date_str)
	local patterns = {
		['dmy'] = {'^(%d%d?) +([^%s%d]+) +(%d%d%d%d)$', 'd', 'm', 'y'},			-- %a does not recognize unicode combining characters used by some languages
		['mdy'] = {'^([^%s%d]+) (%d%d?), +(%d%d%d%d)$', 'm', 'd', 'y'},
		['ymd'] = {'^(%d%d%d%d) +([^%s%d]+) (%d%d?)$', 'y', 'm', 'd'},			-- not mos compliant at en.wiki but may be acceptible at other wikis
		};
	
	local t = {};

	if non_western_digits then													-- this wiki uses non-western digits?
		date_str = mw.ustring.gsub (date_str, '%d', digits);					-- convert this wiki's non-western digits to western digits
	end

	if date_str:match ('^%d%d%d%d%-%d%d%-%d%d$') then							-- already an iso format date, return western digits form
		return date_str, 'iso';
	end
	
	for k, v in pairs (patterns) do
		local c1, c2, c3 = mw.ustring.match (date_str, patterns[k][1]);			-- c1 .. c3 are captured but we don't know what they hold
		
		if c1 then																-- set on match
			t = {																-- translate unspecified captures to y, m, and d
				[patterns[k][2]] = c1,											-- fill the table of captures with the captures
				[patterns[k][3]] = c2,											-- take index names from src_pattern table and assign sequential captures
				[patterns[k][4]] = c3,
				};
			if month_num[t.m] then												-- when month not already a number
				t.m = month_num[t.m];											-- replace valid month name with a number
			else
				return nil, 'iso';												-- not a valid date form because month not valid
			end

			return mw.ustring.format ('%.4d-%.2d-%.2d', t.y, t.m, t.d), k;		-- return date in iso format
		end
	end
	return nil, 'iso';															-- date could not be decoded; return nil and default iso date
end

	
--[[--------------------------&lt; makeDate &gt;-----------------------

Given year, month, day numbers, (zero-padded or not) return a full date in df format
where df may be one of:
	mdy, dmy, iso, ymd

on entry, year, month, day are presumed to be correct for the date that they represent; all are required

in this module, makeDate() is sometimes given an iso-format date in year:
	makeDate (2018-09-20, nil, nil, df)
this works because table.concat() sees only one table member

]]

local function makeDate (year, month, day, df)
	local format = {
		['dmy'] = 'j F Y',
		['mdy'] = 'F j, Y',
		['ymd'] = 'Y F j',
		['iso'] = 'Y-m-d',
		};

	local date = table.concat ({year, month, day}, '-');						-- assemble year-initial numeric-format date (zero padding not required here)

	if non_western_digits then													-- this wiki uses non-western digits?
		date = mw.ustring.gsub (date, '%d', digits);							-- convert this wiki's non-western digits to western digits
	end

	return mw.getContentLanguage():formatDate (format[df], date);
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ V A L I D _ D A T E &gt;----------------------------------------------------

Returns true if date is after 31 December 1899 (why is 1900 the min year? shouldn't the internet's date-of-birth
be min year?), not after today's date, and represents a valid date (29 February 2017 is not a valid date).  Applies
Gregorian leapyear rules.

all arguments are required

]]

local function is_valid_date (year, month, day)
	local days_in_month = {31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31};
	local month_length;
	local y, m, d;
	local today = os.date ('*t');												-- fetch a table of current date parts

	if not year or '' == year or not month or '' == month or not day or '' == day then
		return false;															-- something missing
	end
	
	y = tonumber (year);
	m = tonumber (month);
	d = tonumber (day);

	if 1900 &gt; y or today.year &lt; y or 1 &gt; m or 12 &lt; m then						-- year and month are within bounds	TODO: 1900?
		return false;
	end

	if (2==m) then																-- if February
		month_length = 28;														-- then 28 days unless
		if (0==(y%4) and (0~=(y%100) or 0==(y%400))) then						-- is a leap year?
			month_length = 29;													-- if leap year then 29 days in February
		end
	else
		month_length=days_in_month[m];
	end

	if 1 &gt; d or month_length &lt; d then											-- day is within bounds
		return false;
	end
																					-- here when date parts represent a valid date
	return os.time({['year']=y, ['month']=m, ['day']=d, ['hour']=0}) &lt;= os.time();	-- date at midnight must be less than or equal to current date/time
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; decodeWebciteDate &gt;-----------------------

Given a URI-path to Webcite (eg. /67xHmVFWP) return the encoded date in df format

returns date string in df format - webcite date is a unix timestamp encoded as bae62
or the string 'query'

]]

local function decodeWebciteDate(path, df)

	local dt = {};
	local decode;

	dt = mw.text.split(path, &quot;/&quot;)

	-- valid URL formats that are not base62

	-- http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1138911916587475
	-- http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http..&amp;date=2012-06-01+21:40:03
	-- http://www.webcitation.org/1138911916587475
	-- http://www.webcitation.org/cache/73e53dd1f16cf8c5da298418d2a6e452870cf50e
	-- http://www.webcitation.org/getfile.php?fileid=1c46e791d68e89e12d0c2532cc3cf629b8bc8c8e

	if dt[2]:find ('query', 1, true) or 
		dt[2]:find ('cache', 1, true) or
		dt[2]:find ('getfile', 1, true) or
		tonumber(dt[2]) then
			return 'query';
	end

	decode = base62(dt[2]);														-- base62 string -&gt; exponential number
	if not decode then
		return nil;																-- nil return when dt[2] contains characters not in %w
	end
	dt = os.date('*t', string.format(&quot;%d&quot;, decode):sub(1,10))					-- exponential number -&gt; text -&gt; first 10 characters (a unix timestamp) -&gt; a table of date parts

	decode = makeDate (dt.year, dt.month, dt.day, 'iso');						-- date comparisons are all done in iso format with western digits
	if non_western_digits then													-- this wiki uses non-western digits?
		decode = mw.ustring.gsub (decode, '%d', digits);						-- convert this wiki's non-western digits to western digits
	end

	return decode;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; decodeWaybackDate &gt;-----------------------

Given a URI-path to Wayback (eg. /web/20160901010101/http://example.com )
or Library of Congress Web Archives (eg. /all/20160901010101/http://example.com)
or UK Government Web Archive (eg. /ukgwa/20160901010101/http://example.com or /tna/20160901010101/http://example.com)

return the formatted date eg. &quot;September 1, 2016&quot; in df format 
Handle non-digits in snapshot ID such as &quot;re_&quot; and &quot;-&quot; and &quot;*&quot;

returns two values:
	first value is one of these:
		valid date string in df format - wayback date is valid (including the text string 'index' when date is '/*/')
		empty string - wayback date is malformed (less than 8 digits, not a valid date)
		nil - wayback date is '/save/' or otherwise not a number
	
	second return value is an appropriate 'message' may or may not be formatted

]]

local function decodeWaybackDate(path, df)

	local msg, snapdate;

	snapdate = path:gsub ('^/web/', ''):gsub ('^/all/', ''):gsub ('^/ukgwa/', ''):gsub ('^/tna/', ''):gsub ('^/', '');	-- remove leading /web/, /all/, /ukgwa/, /tna/, or /
	snapdate = snapdate:match ('^[^/]+');										-- get timestamp
	if snapdate == &quot;*&quot; then														-- eg. /web/*/http.., etc.
		return 'index';															-- return indicator that this url has an index date
	end

	snapdate = snapdate:gsub ('%a%a_%d?$', ''):gsub ('%-', '');					-- from date, remove any trailing &quot;re_&quot;, dashes

	msg = '';
	if snapdate:match ('%*$') then												-- a trailing '*' causes calendar display at archive .org
		snapdate = snapdate:gsub ('%*$', '');									-- remove so not part of length calc later
		msg = inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.ts_cal, 'warning');						-- make a message
	end

	if not tonumber(snapdate) then
		return nil, 'ts_nan';													-- return nil (fatal error flag) and message selector
	end

	local dlen = snapdate:len();
	if dlen &lt; 8 then															-- we need 8 digits TODO: but shouldn't this be testing for 14 digits?
		return '', inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.ts_short, 'error');					-- return empty string and error message
	end

	local year, month, day = snapdate:match ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)');			-- no need for snapdatelong here

	if not is_valid_date (year, month, day) then
		return '', inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.ts_date, 'error');					-- return empty string and error message
	end

	snapdate = table.concat ({year, month, day}, '-');							-- date comparisons are all done in iso format
	if 14 == dlen then
		return snapdate, msg;													-- return date with message if any
	else
		return snapdate, msg .. inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.ts_len, 'warning');	-- return date with warning message(s)
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; decodeArchiveisDate &gt;-----------------------

Given an Archive.is &quot;long link&quot; URI-path (e.g. /2016.08.28-144552/http://example.com)
return the date in df format (e.g. if df = dmy, return 28 August 2016)
Handles &quot;.&quot; and &quot;-&quot; in snapshot date, so 2016.08.28-144552 is same as 20160828144552

returns two values:
	first value is one of these:
		valid date string in df format - archive.is date is valid (including the text string 'short link' when url is the short form)
		empty string - wayback date is malformed (not a number, less than 8 digits, not a valid date)
		nil - wayback date is '/save/'
	
	second return value is an appropriate 'message' may or may not be formatted

]]

local function decodeArchiveisDate(path, df)
	local snapdate

	if path:match ('^/%w+$') then												-- short form url path is '/' followed by some number of base 62 digits and nothing else
		return &quot;short link&quot;														-- e.g. http://archive.is/hD1qz
	end

	snapdate = mw.text.split (path, '/')[2]:gsub('[%.%-]', '');					-- get snapshot date, e.g. 2016.08.28-144552; remove periods and hyphens

	local dlen = string.len(snapdate)
	if dlen &lt; 8 then															-- we need 8 digits TODO: but shouldn't this be testing for 14 digits?
		return '', inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.ts_short, 'error');					-- return empty string and error message
	end

	local year, month, day = snapdate:match ('(%d%d%d%d)(%d%d)(%d%d)');			-- no need for snapdatelong here

	if not is_valid_date (year, month, day) then
		return '', inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.ts_date, 'error');					-- return empty string and error message
	end

	snapdate = table.concat ({year, month, day}, '-');							-- date comparisons are all done in iso format
	if 14 == dlen then
		return snapdate;														-- return date
	else
		return snapdate, inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.ts_len, 'warning');			-- return date with warning message
	end
 end


--[[--------------------------&lt; serviceName &gt;-----------------------

Given a domain extracted by mw.uri.new() (eg. web.archive.org) set tail string and service ID

]]

local function serviceName(host, no_link)
	local tracking;
	local index;
	
	host = host:lower():gsub ('^web%.(.+)', '%1'):gsub ('^www%.(.+)', '%1');	-- lowercase, remove web. and www. subdomains

	if services[host] then
		index = host;
	else
		for k, _ in pairs (services) do
			if host:find ('%f[%a]'..k:gsub ('([%.%-])', '%%%1')) then
				index = k;
				break;
			end
		end
	end
	
	if index then
		local out = {''};														-- empty string in [1] so that concatenated result has leading single space
		ulx.url1.service = services[index][4] or 'other';
		tracking = services[index][5] or categories.other;
																				-- build tail string
		if false == services[index][1] then										-- select prefix
			table.insert (out, prefixes.at);
		elseif true == services[index][1] then
			table.insert (out, prefixes.atthe);
		else
			table.insert (out, services[index][1]);
		end
		
		table.insert (out, make_wikilink (':en:' .. services[index][2], services[index][3] or services[index][2], no_link));	-- add article wikilink
		if services[index][6] then												-- add tail postfix if it exists
			table.insert (out, services[index][6]);
		end
		
		ulx.url1.tail = table.concat (out, ' ');								-- put it all together; result has leading space character

	else																		-- here when unknown archive
		ulx.url1.service = 'other';
		tracking = categories.unknown;
		ulx.url1.tail = table.concat ({'', prefixes.at, host, inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.unknown_url, error)}, ' ');
	end
	
	track[tracking] = 1
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; parseExtraArgs &gt;-----------------------

Parse numbered arguments starting at 2, such as url2..url10, date2..date10, title2..title10
	For example: {{webarchive |url=.. |url4=.. |url7=..}}
		Three url arguments not in numeric sequence (1..4..7). 
			Function only processes arguments numbered 2 or greater (in this case 4 and 7)
				It creates numeric sequenced table entries like:
				urlx.url2.url = &lt;argument value for url4&gt;
				urlx.url3.url = &lt;argument value for url7&gt;
			Returns the number of URL arguments found numbered 2 or greater (in this case returns &quot;2&quot;)

 ]]

local function parseExtraArgs(args)

	local i, j, argurl, argurl2, argdate, argtitle

	j = 2
	for i = 2, config.maxurls do
		argurl = &quot;url&quot; .. i
		if args[argurl] then
			argurl2 = &quot;url&quot; .. j
			ulx[argurl2] = {}
			ulx[argurl2][&quot;url&quot;] = args[argurl]
			argdate = &quot;date&quot; .. i
			if args[argdate] then
				ulx[argurl2][&quot;date&quot;] = args[argdate]
			else
				ulx[argurl2][&quot;date&quot;] = inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.date_miss, 'warning');
			end
	
			argtitle = &quot;title&quot; .. i
			if args[argtitle] then
				ulx[argurl2][&quot;title&quot;] = args[argtitle]
			else
				ulx[argurl2][&quot;title&quot;] = nil
			end
			j = j + 1
		end
	end

	if j == 2 then
		return 0
	else
		return j - 2
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; comma &gt;-----------------------

Given a date string, return &quot;,&quot; if it's MDY 

]]

local function comma(date)
	return (date and date:match ('%a+ +%d%d?(,) +%d%d%d%d')) or '';
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; createRendering &gt;-----------------------

Return a rendering of the data in ulx[][]

]]

local function createRendering()

	local displayfield
	local out = {};
	
	local index_date, msg = ulx.url1.date:match ('(index)(.*)');				-- when ulx.url1.date extract 'index' text and message text (if there is a message)
	ulx.url1.date = ulx.url1.date:gsub ('index.*', 'index');					-- remove message

	if 'none' == ulx.url1.format then											-- For {{wayback}}, {{webcite}}
		table.insert (out, '[');												-- open extlink markup
		table.insert (out, ulx.url1.url);										-- add url

		if ulx.url1.title then
			table.insert (out, ' ')												-- the required space
			table.insert (out, ulx.url1.title)									-- the title
			table.insert (out, ']');											-- close extlink markup
			table.insert (out, ulx.url1.tail);									-- tail text
			if ulx.url1.date then
				table.insert (out, '&amp;#32;(');									-- open date text; TODO: why the html entity? replace with regular space?
				table.insert (out, 'index' == ulx.url1.date and s_text.archive or s_text.archived);	-- add text
				table.insert (out, ' ');										-- insert a space
				table.insert (out, ulx.url1.date);								-- add date
				table.insert (out, ')');										-- close date text
			end
		else																	-- no title
			if index_date then													-- when url date is 'index' 
				table.insert (out, table.concat ({' ', s_text.Archive_index, ']'}));	-- add the index link label
				table.insert (out, msg or '');									-- add date mismatch message when url date is /*/ and |date= has valid date
			else
				table.insert (out, table.concat ({' ', s_text.Archived, '] '}));	-- add link label for url has timestamp date (will include mismatch message if there is one)
			end
			if ulx.url1.date then
				if 'index' ~= ulx.url1.date then
					table.insert (out, ulx.url1.date);							-- add date when data is not 'index'
				end
				table.insert (out, comma(ulx.url1.date));						-- add ',' if date format is mdy
				table.insert (out, ulx.url1.tail);								-- add tail text
			else																-- no date
				table.insert (out, ulx.url1.tail);								-- add tail text
			end
		end

		if 0 &lt; ulx.url1.extraurls then											-- For multiple archive URLs
			local tot = ulx.url1.extraurls + 1
			table.insert (out, '.')												-- terminate first url
			table.insert (out, table.concat ({' ', s_text.addlarchives, ': '}));	-- add header text

			for i=2, tot do														-- loop through the additionals
				local index = table.concat ({'url', i});						-- make an index
				displayfield = ulx[index]['title'] and 'title' or 'date';		-- choose display text
				table.insert (out, '[');										-- open extlink markup
				table.insert (out, ulx[index]['url']);							-- add the url
				table.insert (out, ' ');										-- the required space
				table.insert (out, ulx[index][displayfield]);					-- add the label
				table.insert (out, ']');										-- close extlink markup
				table.insert (out, i==tot and '.' or ', ');						-- add terminator
			end
		end
		return table.concat (out);												-- make a big string and done

	else																		-- For {{cite archives}}																	
		if 'addlarchives' == ulx.url1.format then								-- Multiple archive services 
			table.insert (out, table.concat ({s_text.addlarchives, ': '}));		-- add header text
		else																	-- Multiple pages from the same archive 
			table.insert (out, table.concat ({s_text.addlpages, ' '}));			-- add header text
			table.insert (out, ulx.url1.date);									-- add date to header text
			table.insert (out, ': ');											-- close header text
		end

		local tot = ulx.url1.extraurls + 1;
		for i=1, tot do															-- loop through the additionals
			local index = table.concat ({'url', i});							-- make an index
			table.insert (out, '[');											-- open extlink markup
			table.insert (out, ulx[index]['url']);								-- add url
			table.insert (out, ' ');											-- add required space

			displayfield = ulx[index]['title'];
			if 'addlarchives' == ulx.url1.format then
				if not displayfield then 
					displayfield = ulx[index]['date']
				end
			else																-- must be addlpages
				if not displayfield then 
					displayfield = table.concat ({s_text.Page, ' ', i});
				end
			end
			table.insert (out, displayfield);									-- add title, date, page label text
			table.insert (out, ']');											-- close extlink markup
			table.insert (out, (i==tot and '.' or ', '));							-- add terminator
		end
		return table.concat (out);												-- make a big string and done
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R A M E T E R _ N A M E _ X L A T E &gt;--------------------------------------

for internaltionalization, translate local-language parameter names to their English equivalents

TODO: return error message if multiple aliases of the same canonical parameter name are found?

returns two tables:
	new_args - holds canonical form parameters and their values either from translation or because the parameter was already in canonical form
	origin - maps canonical-form parameter names to their untranslated (local language) form for error messaging in the local language

unrecognized parameters are ignored

]]

local function parameter_name_xlate (args, params, enum_params)
	local name;																	-- holds modifiable name of the parameter name during evaluation
	local enum;																	-- for enumerated parameters, holds the enumerator during evaluation
	local found = false;														-- flag used to break out of nested for loops
	local new_args = {};														-- a table that holds canonical and translated parameter k/v pairs
	local origin = {};															-- a table that maps original (local language) parameter names to their canonical name for local language error messaging
	local unnamed_params;														-- set true when unsupported positional parameters are detected
	
	for k, v in pairs (args) do													-- loop through all of the arguments in the args table
		name = k;																-- copy of original parameter name

		if 'string' == type (k) then
			if non_western_digits then											-- true when non-western digits supported at this wiki
				name = mw.ustring.gsub (name, '%d', digits);					-- convert this wiki's non-western digits to western digits
			end
			
			enum = name:match ('%d+$');											-- get parameter enumerator if it exists; nil else
			
			if not enum then													-- no enumerator so looking for non-enumnerated parameters
				-- TODO: insert shortcut here? if params[name] then name holds the canonical parameter name; no need to search further
				for pname, aliases in pairs (params) do							-- loop through each parameter the params table
					for _, alias in ipairs (aliases) do							-- loop through each alias in the parameter's aliases table
						if name == alias then
							new_args[pname] = v;								-- create a new entry in the new_args table
							origin [pname] = k;									-- create an entry to make canonical parameter name to original local language parameter name
							found = true;										-- flag so that we can break out of these nested for loops
							break;												-- no need to search the rest of the aliases table for name so go on to the next k, v pair
						end
					end
	
					if found then												-- true when we found an alias that matched name
						found = false;											-- reset the flag
						break;													-- go do next args k/v pair
					end
				end
			else																-- enumerated parameters
				name = name:gsub ('%d$', '#');									-- replace enumeration digits with place holder for table search
				-- TODO: insert shortcut here? if num_params[name] then name holds the canonical parameter name; no need to search further
				for pname, aliases in pairs (enum_params) do					-- loop through each parameter the num_params table
					for _, alias in ipairs (aliases) do							-- loop through each alias in the parameter's aliases table
						if name == alias then
							pname = pname:gsub ('#$', enum);					-- replace the '#' place holder with the actual enumerator
							new_args[pname] = v;								-- create a new entry in the new_args table
							origin [pname] = k;									-- create an entry to make canonical parameter name to original local language parameter name
							found = true;										-- flag so that we can break out of these nested for loops
							break;												-- no need to search the rest of the aliases table for name so go on to the next k, v pair
						end
					end
	
					if found then												-- true when we found an alias that matched name
						found = false;											-- reset the flag
						break;													-- go do next args k/v pair
					end
				end
			end
		else
			unnamed_params = true;												-- flag for unsupported positional parameters
		end
	end																			-- for k, v
	return new_args, origin, unnamed_params;
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; W E B A R C H I V E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

template entry point

]]

local function webarchive(frame)
	local args = getArgs (frame);

	local data = mw.loadData (table.concat ({									-- make a data module name; sandbox or live
		'Module:Webarchive/data',
		frame:getTitle():find('sandbox', 1, true) and '/sandbox' or ''			-- this instance is ./sandbox then append /sandbox
		}));
	categories = data.categories;												-- fill in the forward declarations
	config = data.config;
	if data.digits.enable then
		digits = data.digits;													-- for i18n; table of digits in the local wiki's language
		non_western_digits = true;												-- use_non_western_digits
	end
	err_warn_msgs = data.err_warn_msgs;
	excepted_pages = data.excepted_pages;
	month_num = data.month_num;													-- for i18n; table of month names in the local wiki's language
	prefixes = data.prefixes;
	services = data.services;
	s_text = data.s_text;
	uncategorized_namespaces = data.uncategorized_namespaces;
	uncategorized_subpages = data.uncategorized_subpages;

	local origin = {};															-- holds a map of English to local language parameter names used in the current template; not currently used
	local unnamed_params;														-- boolean set to true when template call has unnamed parameters
	args, origin, unnamed_params = parameter_name_xlate (args, data.params, data.enum_params);	-- translate parameter names in args to English

	local date, format, msg, udate, uri, url;
	local ldf = 'iso';															-- when there is no |date= parameter, render url dates in iso format
	
	if args.url and args.url1 then												-- URL argument (first)
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.conflicting, {origin.url, origin.url1});
	end
	
	url = args.url or args.url1;
	
	if not url then
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.empty);
	end
																				-- these iabot bugs perportedly fixed; removing these causes lua script error
--[[																				-- at Template:Webarchive/testcases/Production; resolve that before deleting these tests
	if mw.ustring.find( url, &quot;https://web.http&quot;, 1, true ) then					-- track bug - TODO: IAbot bug; not known if the bug has been fixed; deferred
		track[categories.error] = 1;
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.iabot1);
	end 
	if url == &quot;https://web.archive.org/http:/&quot; then								 -- track bug - TODO: IAbot bug; not known if the bug has been fixed; deferred
		track[categories.error] = 1;
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.iabot2);
	end
]]

	if not (url:lower():find ('^http') or url:find ('^//')) then
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.invalid_url );
	end

	ulx.url1 = {}
	ulx.url1.url = url

	ulx.url1.extraurls = parseExtraArgs(args)

	local good = false;
	good, uri = pcall (mw.uri.new, ulx.url1.url);								-- get a table of uri parts from this url; protected mode to prevent lua error when ulx.url1.url is malformed
	
	if not good or nil == uri.host then											-- abandon when ulx.url1.url is malformed
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.invalid_url);
	end
	
	serviceName(uri.host, args.nolink)

	if args.date and args.date1 then											-- Date argument
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.conflicting, {origin.date, origin.date1});
	end
	
	date = args.date or args.date1;
	date = date and date:gsub (' +', ' ');										-- replace multiple spaces with a single space

	if date and config.verifydates then
		if '*' == date then
			date = 'index';
			ldf = 'iso';														-- set to default format
		elseif 'mdy' == date then
			date = nil;															-- if date extracted from URL,
			ldf = 'mdy';														-- then |date=mdy overrides iso
		elseif 'dmy' == date then
			date = nil;															-- if date extracted from URL,
			ldf = 'dmy';														-- then |date=dmy overrides iso
		elseif 'ymd' == date then
			date = nil;															-- if date extracted from URL,
			ldf = 'ymd';														-- then |date=ymd overrides iso
		else
			date, ldf = decode_date (date);										-- get an iso format date from date and get date's original format
		end
	end

	if 'wayback' == ulx.url1.service or 'locwebarchives' == ulx.url1.service or 'ukgwa' == ulx.url1.service then
		if date then
			if config.verifydates then
				if ldf then
					udate, msg = decodeWaybackDate (uri.path);					-- get the url date in iso format and format of date in |date=; 'index' when wayback url date is *
					if not udate then											-- this is the only 'fatal' error return
						return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs[msg]);
					end

					if udate ~= date then										-- date comparison using iso format dates
						date = udate;
						msg = table.concat ({
							inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.mismatch, 'warning'),		-- add warning message
							msg,												-- add message if there is one
						});
					end
				end
			end
		else																	-- no |date=
			udate, msg = decodeWaybackDate (uri.path);

			if not udate then													-- this is the only 'fatal' error return
				return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs[msg]);
			end

			if '' == udate then 
				date = nil;														-- unset
			else
				date = udate;
			end
		end

	elseif 'webcite' == ulx.url1.service then
		if date then
			if config.verifydates then
				if ldf then
					udate = decodeWebciteDate (uri.path);						-- get the url date in iso format
					if 'query' ~= udate then									-- skip if query
						if udate ~= date then									-- date comparison using iso format dates
							date = udate;
							msg = table.concat ({
								inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.mismatch, 'warning'),
								});
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else
			date = decodeWebciteDate( uri.path, &quot;iso&quot; )
			if date == &quot;query&quot; then
				date = nil;														-- unset
				msg = inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.date_miss, 'warning');
			elseif not date then												-- invalid base62 string
				date = inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.date1, 'error');
			end
		end

	elseif 'archiveis' == ulx.url1.service then
		if date then
			if config.verifydates then
				if ldf then
					udate, msg = decodeArchiveisDate (uri.path)					-- get the url date in iso format
					if 'short link' ~= udate then								-- skip if short link
						if udate ~= date then									-- date comparison using iso format dates
							date = udate;
							msg = table.concat ({
								inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.mismatch, 'warning'),	-- add warning message
								msg,											-- add message if there is one
							});
						end
					end
				end
			end
		else																	-- no |date=
			udate, msg = decodeArchiveisDate( uri.path, &quot;iso&quot; )
			if udate == &quot;short link&quot; then
				date = nil;														-- unset
				msg = inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.date_miss, 'warning');
			elseif '' == udate then
				date = nil;														-- unset
			else
				date = udate;
			end
		end
		
	else																		-- some other service
		if not date then
			msg = inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.date_miss, 'warning');
		end
	end

	if 'index' == date then
		ulx.url1.date = date .. (msg or '');									-- create index + message (if there is one)
	elseif date then
		ulx.url1.date = makeDate (date, nil, nil, ldf) .. (msg or '');			-- create a date in the wiki's local language + message (if there is one)
	else
		ulx.url1.date = msg;
	end
		
	format = args.format;														-- Format argument 

	if not format then
		format = &quot;none&quot;
	else
		for k, v in pairs (data.format_vals) do									-- |format= accepts two specific values loop through a table of those values
			local found;														-- declare a nil flag
			for _, p in ipairs (v) do											-- loop through local language variants
				if format == p then												-- when |format= value matches 
					format = k;													-- use name from table key
					found = true;												-- declare found so that we can break out of outer for loop
					break;														-- break out of inner for loop
				end
			end
			
			if found then
				break;
			end
		end

		if format == &quot;addlpages&quot; then
			if not ulx.url1.date then
				format = &quot;none&quot;
			end
		elseif format == &quot;addlarchives&quot; then
			format = &quot;addlarchives&quot;
		else
			format = &quot;none&quot;
		end
	end
	ulx.url1.format = format

	if args.title and args.title1 then											-- Title argument
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.conflicting, {origin.title, origin.title1});
	end

	ulx.url1.title = args.title or args.title1;

	local rend = createRendering()
	if not rend then
		return inlineError (data.crit_err_msgs.unknown);
	end

	return rend .. ((unnamed_params and inlineRed (err_warn_msgs.unnamed_params, 'warning')) or '') .. createTracking();

end


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D 	 F U N C T I O N S &gt;------------------------------------------
]]

return {webarchive = webarchive};</text>
      <sha1>hx7ezmidlfrkvvecvxbuyh7mgws4gem</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Webarchive/data</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>21462</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141454</id>
      <parentid>127448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:56:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Amazina ya serivisi z'ububiko (Wayback Machine...) ntabe amahuza atukura</comment>
      <origin>141454</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="11033" sha1="ajnzoo013rjrbayc4xdw9psi3gvgniv" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; C O N F I G U R A T I O N &gt;----------------------------------------------------

global configuration settings

]]

local config = {
	maxurls = 10,																-- Max number of URLs allowed. 
	tname = 'Webarchive',														-- name of calling template. Change if template rename.
	verifydates = true,															-- See documentation. Set false to disable.
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories.

Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces.

]]

local uncategorized_namespaces = {												-- same list as specified at [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]]
	['User']=true, ['Talk']=true, ['User_talk']=true, ['Wikipedia_talk']=true, ['File_talk']=true,
	['Template_talk']=true, ['Help_talk']=true, ['Category_talk']=true, ['Portal_talk']=true,
	['Book_talk']=true, ['Draft_talk']=true, ['Module_talk']=true,
	['MediaWiki_talk']=true,
	}

local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases'};				-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize

local excepted_pages = {														-- these pages will be categorized if set true; set to nil to disable
	['Module talk:Webarchive/testcases'] = true,								-- test cases pages used during development
	['Template:Webarchive/testcases/Production'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

this is a table of all categories supported by Module:Webarchive

]]

local categories = {
	archiveis = 'Category:Webarchive template archiveis links',
	error = 'Category:Webarchive template errors',
	other = 'Category:Webarchive template other archives',
	unknown = 'Category:Webarchive template unknown archives',
	warning = 'Category:Webarchive template warnings',
	wayback = 'Category:Webarchive template wayback links',
	webcite = 'Category:Webarchive template webcite links',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E F I X E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

used only with serviceName(), this table holds the two generic tail-text prefixes specified by services['&lt;service name&gt;'][1]

]]

local prefixes = {
	at = 'at',
	atthe = 'at the',
	}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; S E R V I C E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

this is a table of tables for archive services.  Each service table has:
	[1]=prefix; may be boolean true or false, or text string where:
		true indicates that the prefix is taken from prefixes.atthe
		false indicates that the prefix is taken from prefixes.at
		'text string' is used in lieu of the typical 'at' or 'at the' prefix
	[2]=wikilink target article that describes the service; set to nil if not used
	[3]=wikilink label; the label in [[target|label]]; set to nil if not used; when there is not article ([2] is nil) use this to name the service; see wikiwix in the table
	[4]=service ID; set to nil if not used
	[5]=tracking category key from the categories table; set to nil if not used
	[6]=postfix; text string to be appended at the end of the tail string - see webarchive.loc.gov in the table

]=]

local services = {
	['archive.ec'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.fo'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.is'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.li'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.md'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.org'] = {false, 'Wayback Machine', nil, 'wayback', categories.wayback},
	['archive.ph'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.today'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.vn'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive-it.org'] = {false, 'Archive-It', nil, 'archiveit'},
	['arquivo.pt'] = {false, nil, 'Portuguese Web Archive'},
	['bibalex.org'] = {false, 'Bibliotheca Alexandrina#Internet Archive partnership', 'Bibliotheca Alexandrina'},
	['collectionscanada'] = {false, 'Canadian Government Web Archive'},
	['conifer.rhizome.org'] = {false, 'Rhizome_(organization)#Digital_Preservation_Program', 'Conifer Rhizome'},
	['europarchive.org'] = {false, 'National Library of Ireland'},
	['freezepage.com'] = {false, nil, 'Freezepage'},
	['ghostarchive.org'] = {false, nil, 'Ghost Archive'},
	['haw.nsk'] = {false, 'Croatian Web Archive (HAW)'},
	['langzeitarchivierung.bib-bvb.de'] = {false, 'Bavarian State Library'},
	['loc.gov'] = {false, 'Library of Congress'},
	['nationalarchives.gov.uk'] = {false, 'UK Government Web Archive', nil, 'ukgwa'},
	['nlb.gov.sg'] = {false, 'Web Archive Singapore'},
	['parliament.uk'] = {false, 'UK Parliament\'s Web Archive'},
	['perma.cc'] = {false, 'Perma.cc'},
	['perma-archives.cc'] = {false, 'Perma.cc'},
	['proni.gov'] = {false, 'Public Record Office of Northern Ireland'},
	['screenshots.com'] = {false, nil, 'Screenshots'},
	['stanford.edu'] = {false, 'Stanford University Libraries', 'Stanford Web Archive'},
	['timetravel.mementoweb.org'] = {false, 'Memento Project'},
	['uni-lj.si'] = {false, nil, 'Slovenian Web Archive'},
	['veebiarhiiv.digar.ee'] = {false, nil, 'Estonian Web Archive'},
	['vefsafn.is'] = {false, 'National and University Library of Iceland'},
	['webarchive.bac-lac.gc.ca'] = {false, 'Library and Archives Canada'},
	['webarchive.loc.gov'] = {false, 'Library of Congress', nil, 'locwebarchives', nil, 'Web Archives'},
	['webarchive.nla.gov.au'] = {false, 'Australian Web Archive'},
	['webarchive.org.uk'] = {false, 'UK Web Archive'},
	['webcache.googleusercontent.com'] = {false, nil, 'Google Cache'},
	['webcitation.org'] = {false, 'WebCite', nil, 'webcite', categories.webcite},
	['webharvest.gov'] = {false, 'National Archives and Records Administration'},
	['webrecorder.io'] = {false, 'webrecorder.io'},
	['wikiwix.com'] = {false, nil, 'Wikiwix'},
	['yorku.ca'] = {false, 'York University Libraries', 'York University Digital Library'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T A T I C   T E X T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

for internationalzation

]]

local s_text = {
	addlarchives = 'Additional archives',
	addlpages = 'Additional pages archived&amp;nbsp;on',							-- TODO why the &amp;nbsp; there? replace with regular space?
	Archive_index = 'Archive index',
	Archived = 'Archived',
	archived = 'archived',
	archive = 'archive',
	Page = 'Page',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R _ W A R N _ M S G S &gt;----------------------------------------------------

these tables hold error and warning message text

]]

local err_warn_msgs = {
	date_err = '(Date error)',													-- decodeWebciteDate, decodeWaybackDate, decodeArchiveisDate
	date_miss = '(Date missing)',												-- parseExtraArgs
	ts_short = '(Timestamp date length)',										-- decodeWaybackDate timestamp less than 8 digits
	ts_date = '(Timestamp date invalid)',										-- decodeWaybackDate timestamp not a valid date
	unknown_url = '(Error: unknown archive URL)',								-- serviceName
	unnamed_params = '(Positional parameters ignored)',

--warnings
	mismatch = '&lt;sup&gt;(Date mismatch)&lt;/sup&gt;',									-- webarchive
	ts_len = '&lt;sup&gt;(Timestamp length)&lt;/sup&gt;',									-- decodeWaybackDate, decodeArchiveisDate timestamp not 14 digits
	ts_cal = '&lt;sup&gt;(Calendar)&lt;/sup&gt;',											-- decodeWaybackDate timestamp has trailing splat
	}


local crit_err_msgs = {															-- critical error messages
	conflicting = 'Conflicting |$1= and |$2=',
	empty = 'Empty url',
--	iabot1 = 'https://web.http',												-- TODO: these iabot bugs perportedly fixed; removing these causes lua script error
--	iabot2 = 'Invalid URL',														-- at Template:Webarchive/testcases/Production; resolve that before deleting these messages
	invalid_url = 'Invalid URL',
	ts_nan = 'Timestamp not a number',
	unknown = 'Unknown problem. Please report on template talk page',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E   I N T E R N A T I O N A L I Z A T I O N &gt;----------------------------

these tables hold data that is used when converting date formats from non-English languages (because mw.language.getContentLanguage:formatDate()
doesn't understand non-English month names)

]]

local month_num = {																-- retain English language names even though they may not be strictly required on the local wiki
	['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12,
	['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12,
-- add local wiki month-names to number translation here
--	[''] = 1, [''] = 2, [''] = 3, [''] = 4, [''] = 5, [''] = 6, [''] = 7, [''] = 8, [''] = 9, [''] = 10, [''] = 11, [''] = 12,
	};

																				-- when the local wiki uses non-western digits in dates, local wiki digits must be
																				-- translated to western digits; lua only understands western digits
local digits = {																-- use this table to aid translation
--	[''] = 0, [''] = 1, [''] = 2, [''] = 3, [''] = 4, [''] = 5, [''] = 6, [''] = 7, [''] = 8, [''] = 9,	-- fill these table indexes with local digits
	enable = false																-- set to true to enable local-digit to western-digit translation
	};


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R A M E T E R   I N T E R N A T I O N A L I Z A T I O N &gt;------------------

this table holds tables of parameter names and their non-English aliases.  In the enum_params table '#' is a single
character placeholder for 1 or more digit characters

parameter names in this table shall be lowercase
]]

local params = {
	['url'] = {'url'},
	['date'] = {'date', 'datum'},
	['title'] = {'title', 'titel'},
	['nolink'] = {'nolink'},
	['format'] = {'format'}
	}

local enum_params = {
	['url#'] = {'url#'},
	['date#'] = {'date#', 'datum#'},
	['title#'] = {'title#', 'titel#'},
	}

local format_vals = {															-- |format= accepts two values; add local language variants here
	['addlpages'] = {'addlpages'},
	['addlarchives'] = {'addlarchives'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   T A B L E S &gt;------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	categories = categories,
	config = config,
	crit_err_msgs = crit_err_msgs,
	digits = digits,
	enum_params = enum_params,
	err_warn_msgs = err_warn_msgs,
	excepted_pages = excepted_pages,
	format_vals = format_vals,
	month_num = month_num,
	params = params,
	prefixes = prefixes,
	services = services,
	s_text = s_text,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	}</text>
      <sha1>ajnzoo013rjrbayc4xdw9psi3gvgniv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141465</id>
      <parentid>141454</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:18:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gusubiza uko byari biri (impinduka yanjye yahinduraga 'at the' gusa)</comment>
      <origin>141465</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="11016" sha1="mb3l2e3tpr06u92abvlmqbdku903o6t" xml:space="preserve">--[[--------------------------&lt; C O N F I G U R A T I O N &gt;----------------------------------------------------

global configuration settings

]]

local config = {
	maxurls = 10,																-- Max number of URLs allowed. 
	tname = 'Webarchive',														-- name of calling template. Change if template rename.
	verifydates = true,															-- See documentation. Set false to disable.
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; U N C A T E G O R I Z E D _ N A M E S P A C E S &gt;------------------------------

List of namespaces that should not be included in citation error categories.

Note: Namespace names should use underscores instead of spaces.

]]

local uncategorized_namespaces = {												-- same list as specified at [[Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration]]
	['User']=true, ['Talk']=true, ['User_talk']=true, ['Wikipedia_talk']=true, ['File_talk']=true,
	['Template_talk']=true, ['Help_talk']=true, ['Category_talk']=true, ['Portal_talk']=true,
	['Book_talk']=true, ['Draft_talk']=true, ['Module_talk']=true,
	['MediaWiki_talk']=true,
	}

local uncategorized_subpages = {'/[Ss]andbox', '/[Tt]estcases'};				-- list of Lua patterns found in page names of pages we should not categorize

local excepted_pages = {														-- these pages will be categorized if set true; set to nil to disable
	['Module talk:Webarchive/testcases'] = true,								-- test cases pages used during development
	['Template:Webarchive/testcases/Production'] = true,
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; C A T E G O R I E S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

this is a table of all categories supported by Module:Webarchive

]]

local categories = {
	archiveis = 'Category:Webarchive template archiveis links',
	error = 'Category:Webarchive template errors',
	other = 'Category:Webarchive template other archives',
	unknown = 'Category:Webarchive template unknown archives',
	warning = 'Category:Webarchive template warnings',
	wayback = 'Category:Webarchive template wayback links',
	webcite = 'Category:Webarchive template webcite links',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; P R E F I X E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

used only with serviceName(), this table holds the two generic tail-text prefixes specified by services['&lt;service name&gt;'][1]

]]

local prefixes = {
	at = 'at',
	atthe = 'at the',
	}


--[=[-------------------------&lt; S E R V I C E S &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

this is a table of tables for archive services.  Each service table has:
	[1]=prefix; may be boolean true or false, or text string where:
		true indicates that the prefix is taken from prefixes.atthe
		false indicates that the prefix is taken from prefixes.at
		'text string' is used in lieu of the typical 'at' or 'at the' prefix
	[2]=wikilink target article that describes the service; set to nil if not used
	[3]=wikilink label; the label in [[target|label]]; set to nil if not used; when there is not article ([2] is nil) use this to name the service; see wikiwix in the table
	[4]=service ID; set to nil if not used
	[5]=tracking category key from the categories table; set to nil if not used
	[6]=postfix; text string to be appended at the end of the tail string - see webarchive.loc.gov in the table

]=]

local services = {
	['archive.ec'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.fo'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.is'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.li'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.md'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.org'] = {true, 'Wayback Machine', nil, 'wayback', categories.wayback},
	['archive.ph'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.today'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive.vn'] = {false, 'archive.today', nil, 'archiveis', categories.archiveis},
	['archive-it.org'] = {false, 'Archive-It', nil, 'archiveit'},
	['arquivo.pt'] = {true, nil, 'Portuguese Web Archive'},
	['bibalex.org'] = {false, 'Bibliotheca Alexandrina#Internet Archive partnership', 'Bibliotheca Alexandrina'},
	['collectionscanada'] = {true, 'Canadian Government Web Archive'},
	['conifer.rhizome.org'] = {false, 'Rhizome_(organization)#Digital_Preservation_Program', 'Conifer Rhizome'},
	['europarchive.org'] = {true, 'National Library of Ireland'},
	['freezepage.com'] = {false, nil, 'Freezepage'},
	['ghostarchive.org'] = {false, nil, 'Ghost Archive'},
	['haw.nsk'] = {true, 'Croatian Web Archive (HAW)'},
	['langzeitarchivierung.bib-bvb.de'] = {false, 'Bavarian State Library'},
	['loc.gov'] = {true, 'Library of Congress'},
	['nationalarchives.gov.uk'] = {true, 'UK Government Web Archive', nil, 'ukgwa'},
	['nlb.gov.sg'] = {false, 'Web Archive Singapore'},
	['parliament.uk'] = {true, 'UK Parliament\'s Web Archive'},
	['perma.cc'] = {false, 'Perma.cc'},
	['perma-archives.cc'] = {false, 'Perma.cc'},
	['proni.gov'] = {true, 'Public Record Office of Northern Ireland'},
	['screenshots.com'] = {false, nil, 'Screenshots'},
	['stanford.edu'] = {true, 'Stanford University Libraries', 'Stanford Web Archive'},
	['timetravel.mementoweb.org'] = {false, 'Memento Project'},
	['uni-lj.si'] = {true, nil, 'Slovenian Web Archive'},
	['veebiarhiiv.digar.ee'] = {true, nil, 'Estonian Web Archive'},
	['vefsafn.is'] = {true, 'National and University Library of Iceland'},
	['webarchive.bac-lac.gc.ca'] = {false, 'Library and Archives Canada'},
	['webarchive.loc.gov'] = {true, 'Library of Congress', nil, 'locwebarchives', nil, 'Web Archives'},
	['webarchive.nla.gov.au'] = {true, 'Australian Web Archive'},
	['webarchive.org.uk'] = {true, 'UK Web Archive'},
	['webcache.googleusercontent.com'] = {false, nil, 'Google Cache'},
	['webcitation.org'] = {false, 'WebCite', nil, 'webcite', categories.webcite},
	['webharvest.gov'] = {true, 'National Archives and Records Administration'},
	['webrecorder.io'] = {false, 'webrecorder.io'},
	['wikiwix.com'] = {false, nil, 'Wikiwix'},
	['yorku.ca'] = {false, 'York University Libraries', 'York University Digital Library'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; S T A T I C   T E X T &gt;--------------------------------------------------------

for internationalzation

]]

local s_text = {
	addlarchives = 'Additional archives',
	addlpages = 'Additional pages archived&amp;nbsp;on',							-- TODO why the &amp;nbsp; there? replace with regular space?
	Archive_index = 'Archive index',
	Archived = 'Archived',
	archived = 'archived',
	archive = 'archive',
	Page = 'Page',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E R R _ W A R N _ M S G S &gt;----------------------------------------------------

these tables hold error and warning message text

]]

local err_warn_msgs = {
	date_err = '(Date error)',													-- decodeWebciteDate, decodeWaybackDate, decodeArchiveisDate
	date_miss = '(Date missing)',												-- parseExtraArgs
	ts_short = '(Timestamp date length)',										-- decodeWaybackDate timestamp less than 8 digits
	ts_date = '(Timestamp date invalid)',										-- decodeWaybackDate timestamp not a valid date
	unknown_url = '(Error: unknown archive URL)',								-- serviceName
	unnamed_params = '(Positional parameters ignored)',

--warnings
	mismatch = '&lt;sup&gt;(Date mismatch)&lt;/sup&gt;',									-- webarchive
	ts_len = '&lt;sup&gt;(Timestamp length)&lt;/sup&gt;',									-- decodeWaybackDate, decodeArchiveisDate timestamp not 14 digits
	ts_cal = '&lt;sup&gt;(Calendar)&lt;/sup&gt;',											-- decodeWaybackDate timestamp has trailing splat
	}


local crit_err_msgs = {															-- critical error messages
	conflicting = 'Conflicting |$1= and |$2=',
	empty = 'Empty url',
--	iabot1 = 'https://web.http',												-- TODO: these iabot bugs perportedly fixed; removing these causes lua script error
--	iabot2 = 'Invalid URL',														-- at Template:Webarchive/testcases/Production; resolve that before deleting these messages
	invalid_url = 'Invalid URL',
	ts_nan = 'Timestamp not a number',
	unknown = 'Unknown problem. Please report on template talk page',
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; D A T E   I N T E R N A T I O N A L I Z A T I O N &gt;----------------------------

these tables hold data that is used when converting date formats from non-English languages (because mw.language.getContentLanguage:formatDate()
doesn't understand non-English month names)

]]

local month_num = {																-- retain English language names even though they may not be strictly required on the local wiki
	['January'] = 1, ['February'] = 2, ['March'] = 3, ['April'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['June'] = 6, ['July'] = 7, ['August'] = 8, ['September'] = 9, ['October'] = 10, ['November'] = 11, ['December'] = 12,
	['Jan'] = 1, ['Feb'] = 2, ['Mar'] = 3, ['Apr'] = 4, ['May'] = 5, ['Jun'] = 6, ['Jul'] = 7, ['Aug'] = 8, ['Sep'] = 9, ['Oct'] = 10, ['Nov'] = 11, ['Dec'] = 12,
-- add local wiki month-names to number translation here
--	[''] = 1, [''] = 2, [''] = 3, [''] = 4, [''] = 5, [''] = 6, [''] = 7, [''] = 8, [''] = 9, [''] = 10, [''] = 11, [''] = 12,
	};

																				-- when the local wiki uses non-western digits in dates, local wiki digits must be
																				-- translated to western digits; lua only understands western digits
local digits = {																-- use this table to aid translation
--	[''] = 0, [''] = 1, [''] = 2, [''] = 3, [''] = 4, [''] = 5, [''] = 6, [''] = 7, [''] = 8, [''] = 9,	-- fill these table indexes with local digits
	enable = false																-- set to true to enable local-digit to western-digit translation
	};


--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R A M E T E R   I N T E R N A T I O N A L I Z A T I O N &gt;------------------

this table holds tables of parameter names and their non-English aliases.  In the enum_params table '#' is a single
character placeholder for 1 or more digit characters

parameter names in this table shall be lowercase
]]

local params = {
	['url'] = {'url'},
	['date'] = {'date', 'datum'},
	['title'] = {'title', 'titel'},
	['nolink'] = {'nolink'},
	['format'] = {'format'}
	}

local enum_params = {
	['url#'] = {'url#'},
	['date#'] = {'date#', 'datum#'},
	['title#'] = {'title#', 'titel#'},
	}

local format_vals = {															-- |format= accepts two values; add local language variants here
	['addlpages'] = {'addlpages'},
	['addlarchives'] = {'addlarchives'},
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T E D   T A B L E S &gt;------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	categories = categories,
	config = config,
	crit_err_msgs = crit_err_msgs,
	digits = digits,
	enum_params = enum_params,
	err_warn_msgs = err_warn_msgs,
	excepted_pages = excepted_pages,
	format_vals = format_vals,
	month_num = month_num,
	params = params,
	prefixes = prefixes,
	services = services,
	s_text = s_text,
	uncategorized_namespaces = uncategorized_namespaces,
	uncategorized_subpages = uncategorized_subpages,
	}</text>
      <sha1>mb3l2e3tpr06u92abvlmqbdku903o6t</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ikipe yabagabo yu mupira wamaguru ya bagabo ya rayon sport</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>21667</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141405</id>
      <parentid>128402</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>NSHUTIYIMANA Moise</username>
        <id>17987</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */</comment>
      <origin>141405</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2152" sha1="h9baulaa7ombhtf84qm8ibb4ydvqjxq" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;c&lt;nowiki/&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=kigali+today+imikino+rayon&amp;sca_esv=ee81a51e8e25352b&amp;biw=1517&amp;bih=575&amp;ei=TgmfaYaQG72fhbIPxdmTqAw&amp;oq=kigali+today+&amp;gs_lp=Egxnd3M&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Rayon sports fc|Rayon Sports FC]] ni imwe mu makipe akomeye kandi akunzwe cyane mu [[Umupira w’amaguru|mupira w'amaguru]] mu Rwanda.&lt;ref&gt;https://www.google.com/search?q=kigali+today+imikino+rayon&amp;sca_esv=ee81a51e8e25352b&amp;biw=1517&amp;bih=575&amp;ei=TgmfaYaQG72fhbIPxdmTqAw&amp;oq=kigali+today+&amp;gs_lp=Egxnd3M&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Amakuru agezweho kuri Rayon Sports (Muri Gashyantare 2026):'''

* '''Umusaruro muri Shampiyona:''' Rayon Sports ihagaze neza muri shampiyona y'u Rwanda (RPL). Kugeza ku wa 23 Gashyantare 2026, yatsinze [[Police Fc|Police FC]], bituma izamuka kurutonde rayon Sports FC ni imwe mu makipe akomeye kandi akunzwe cyane mu mupira w'amaguru mu Rwanda. '''Amakuru agezweho kuri Rayon Sports (Muri Gashyantare 2026'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
** '''Umusaruro muri Shampiyona:''' Rayon Sports ihagaze neza muri shampiyona y'u Rwanda (RPL). Kugeza ku wa 23 Gashyantare 2026, yatsinze Police FC, bituma izamuka ku rutonde.&lt;ref&gt;esv=ee81a51e8e25352b&amp;biw=1517&amp;bih=575&amp;ei=TgmfaYaQG72fhbIPxdmTqAw&amp;oq=kigali+today+&amp;gs_lp=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&amp;sclient=gws-wiz-serp&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>h9baulaa7ombhtf84qm8ibb4ydvqjxq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:Kkekaannaa</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>22654</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141521</id>
      <parentid>140789</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T02:09:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MediaWiki message delivery</username>
        <id>4287</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 */ new section</comment>
      <origin>141521</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="40604" sha1="nreytmzuyuh2mss2swz0prx95fefz1d" xml:space="preserve">== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-21 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Stela of the cactus bearer]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Estela del portador del cactus]])&amp;#32;([[:ca:Estela del portador del cactus]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Estela Wachumero en Chavin.jpg|center|300px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''stela of the cactus bearer''' is a monolith or stele of a single piece of granite, belonging to the Chavín culture of ancient Peru, which remains in its original location on the northwest side of the circular plaza at the archaeological site known as the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huántar in the Ancash region of Peru. It was discovered during the 1972 excavation season by Peruvian archaeologist Luis Guillermo Lumbreras. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 04:05, 21 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30529698 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-22 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Griffith Hughes]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The Reverend '''Griffith Hughes''' (1707 – c.1758), FRS, was a Welsh naturalist, clergyman, and author. Hughes wrote The Natural History of Barbados, which included the first description of the grapefruit (also known as &quot;The Forbidden Fruit&quot;). His work was praised by Linnaeus, but it has also been considered a &quot;scientific fraud&quot;. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:32, 25 Gicurasi 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30529698 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-23 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Umuganda]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Umuganda&quot;Rwandan community work&quot;.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Umuganda''' is a national holiday in Rwanda taking place on the last Saturday of every month for mandatory nationwide community service from 08:00 to 11:00. Participation in Umuganda is required by law; failure to participate can result in a fine.

The program was most recently re-established under President Paul Kagame in 2009, having resulted in a notable improvement in the cleanliness of Rwanda. Also, there are other informal Umuganda day activities that occur in the middle of the month. These activities are initiated by either society or the government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:56, 1 Kamena 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30529698 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-24 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Juryeonggu]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:kr:주령구]])&amp;#32;([[:ja:酒令具]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:주령구의 발굴 당시 사진.png|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
Il '''Juryeonggu''' (주령구?, 酒令具?, JuryeongguLR, ChuryŏngguMR) è un dado a 14 facce, risalente al periodo del Silla unificato (668-935 d.C.), ritrovato nel 1975 dopo alcuni scavi occorsi presso il Donggung e lo stagno Wolji di Gyeongju, in Corea del Sud. Le facce del dado mostravano inscrizioni recanti varie penalità o sfide, legate ad un gioco di bevute, dimostrando l'importanza dell'alcool e la raffinatezza con cui la sua assunzione veniva celebrata.

L'artefatto originale è andato perduto, incendiato in un maldestro tentativo di preservazione: oggi ne esistono delle repliche, disponibili anche commercialmente. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 8 Kamena 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30622359 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-25 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Cape Fiolent]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Beach of Cape Fiolent, Crimea.jpg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Cape Fiolent''' (Crimean Tatar: Felenk Burun; Ukrainian: Фіолент; Russian: Фиолент; Latin: Parthenium), also historically called Cape Fiolente, is a cape and nature reserve (zakaznik) located in southern Sevastopol, a city within Crimea that is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine but currently occupied by Russia since 2014. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 15 Kamena 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30662919 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-26 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Renovating Action Party]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:es:Partido de Acción Renovadora]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Flag of the Renovating Action Party.svg|300px|center]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Renovating Action Party''' was a left-wing Salvadoran political party that existed from 1944 to 1967. The party had three distinct phases of its existence under the leaderships of Colonel José Asencio Menéndez (1944–1950), the old line (1950–1964), and the new line (1964–1967). 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:52, 22 Kamena 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30717601 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-27 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Facial age estimation]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Facial age estimation''' is the use of artificial intelligence to estimate the age of a person based on their facial features. Computer vision techniques are used to analyse the facial features in the images of millions of people whose age is known and then deep learning is used to create an algorithm that tries to predict the age of an unknown person. The key use of the technology is to prevent access to age-restricted goods and services. Examples include restricting children from accessing internet pornography, checking that they meet a mandatory minimum age when registering for an account on social media, or preventing adults from accessing websites, online chat or games designed only for use by children. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 00:44, 29 Kamena 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30717601 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-28 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulo César Vinha State Park]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Capim dourado.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulo César Vinha State Park''' (Portuguese: Parque Estadual Paulo César Vinha) is a state park in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. It protects an area of dunes, lagoons and marshes along the Atlantic shore. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:35, 6 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30717601 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-29 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Caledonian MacBrayne]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Cal-Mac HQ2005.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Caledonian MacBrayne''', in short form CalMac, is the trade name of CalMac Ferries Ltd, the major operator of passenger and vehicle ferries to the west coast of Scotland, serving ports on the mainland and 22 of the major islands. It is a subsidiary of holding company David MacBrayne, which is owned by the Scottish Government. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
-[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:20, 13 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30717601 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-30 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Immigration to Switzerland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
In 2023, resident foreigners made up 26.3% of Switzerland's population. Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Italy provided the largest single group of foreigners, accounting for 14.7% of total foreign population, followed closely by Germany (14.0%), Portugal (11.7%), France (6.6%), Kosovo (5.1%), Spain (3.9%), Turkey (3.1%), North Macedonia (3.1%), Serbia (2.8%), Austria (2.0%), United Kingdom (1.9%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (1.3%) and Croatia (1.3%). Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%).  

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:18, 20 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30717601 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-31 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:fr:Study of Man's Impact on Climate]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''Study of Man's Impact on Climate''' (traduisible en français par « Étude de l'impact de l'homme sur le climat ») est une conférence scientifique internationale consacrée à l'influence humaine sur le climat qui s'est tenue à Stockholm, en Suède, du 28 juin au 16 juillet 1971. Elle aborde diverses hypothèses parmi lesquelles la destruction de la couche d'ozone et le réchauffement (ou refroidissement) climatique, établit l'état du savoir à leur sujet et, soulignant les nombreuses inconnues qui demeurent, appelle à consacrer davantage de fonds à la recherche scientifique sur le climat. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:00, 27 Nyakanga 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30849684 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-32 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Plot of Prats de Molló]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:ca:Fets de Prats de Molló]])&amp;#32;([[:es:Complot de Prats de Molló]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''plot of Prats de Molló''' was an attempted military invasion of Catalonia carried out from France to achieve its independence planned by Francesc Macià and the leadership of the Estat Català party, discovered and aborted in 1926. The plan consisted of the penetration of two columns (one from Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans, the other from Coll d'Ares), which were to occupy Olot and proclaim the Catalan Republic. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 03:11, 3 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30879613 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-33 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Composizione VII]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Composition VII - Wassily Kandinsky, GAC.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Composizione VII''' (Композиция VII o Zu Komposition 7) è un olio su tela del 1913, realizzato dal pittore russo Vasilij Vasil'evič Kandinskij e conservato nella Galleria Tret'jakov di Mosca.

Prodotto centrale del pittore russo nel periodo 1910-1915, essa è considerata l'opera che certificò la raggiunta maturità creativa da parte di Kandinskij, rappresentando anche l'apice della sua energia creativa. È considerato il più rappresentativo tra i lavori completati durante l'anno del successo internazionale dell'artista, simboleggiando il punto di emancipazione definitivo dell'Astrattismo.

Opera più grande mai realizzata dall'artista per dimensione, facente parte della serie denominata Composizioni, rappresenta un'allegoria dell'Apocalisse, di cui riprende il tema e lo propone in una versione astratta, trasfigurata dalla realtà in una forma composta da sole linee e colori. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:24, 10 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30889664 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-34 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Divorce in Poland]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Divorce in Poland''' occurs at a rate slightly below that of the average for Europe. In the Polish legal system, divorce proceedings fall within the exclusive jurisdiction of the civil court; there is no legal basis for resolving a marriage through the agreement of the spouses or through administrative procedures. Divorce requests are assessed by the court, in accordance with the positive and negative prerequisites set in the relevant law. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 17 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30927700 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-35 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:mk:Ден на македонската револуционерна борба]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle''' (Macedonian: Ден на македонската револуционерна борба),[1] also known as Day of VMRO, is a national holiday which is celebrated on October 23 in North Macedonia. In 2007, the holiday was voted into law as a new national holiday. It is a non-working day. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:15, 24 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30927700 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-36 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Wimmen's Comix]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''''Wimmen's Comix''''', later retitled (respelled) as Wimmin's Comix, is an influential all-female underground comics anthology published from 1972 to 1992. Though it covered a wide range of genres and subject matters, Wimmen's Comix focused more than other anthologies of the time on feminist concerns, homosexuality, sex and politics in general, and autobiographical comics. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:54, 31 Kanama 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30988228 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-37 ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Paulet affair]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Paulet affair''', also known as British Hawaii, was the insubordinate five-month occupation of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of HMS Carysfort. It was ended by the arrival of American warships sent to defend Hawaii's independence. The British government in London did not authorise the move and it had no official status. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 01:59, 7 Nzeri 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=30993988 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-38 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:No-AI label]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:No AI Sign.svg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
A '''no-AI label''' is a label used on a product to signify that it was not made using generative AI. Phrases on the labels include but are not limited to &quot;human-made&quot;, &quot;proudly human&quot; and &quot;AI-free&quot;. Some organisations that provide the labels allow product creators to download and use their no-AI labels for free, while others charge creators for analysing the content and allowing the use of the labels if the organisation believes that no AI was used. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:43, 14 Nzeri 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=31028050 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-39 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Scotty (dinosaur)]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Scotty Tyrannosaurus.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''Scotty''' is the nickname for the Tyrannosaurus rex fossil, catalogued as RSM P2523.8, that was discovered in Saskatchewan, Canada in 1991.[3] The fossilised remains were painstakingly removed, almost completely by hand, over two decades from the rock in which they were embedded. When the preparation was complete in 2011, an around 65% complete T. rex skeleton was revealed. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:02, 21 Nzeri 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=31045260 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-40 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:Descartes Highlands]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Apollo 16 landingsite.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
The '''Descartes Highlands''' is an area of lunar highlands located on the near side that served as the landing site of the American Apollo 16 mission in early 1972. The Descartes Highlands is located in the area surrounding Descartes crater, after which the feature received its name 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:27, 28 Nzeri 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=31087748 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-41 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:it:Battaglia del pastificio]]'''&lt;br /&gt; &lt;small&gt;''([[:en:Battle of Checkpoint Pasta]])''&lt;/small&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:OTO Melara Somalia 1993.jpg|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
La '''battaglia del pastificio''', talvolta chiamata anche battaglia del checkpoint Pasta, fu uno scontro a fuoco verificatosi a Mogadiscio tra le truppe italiane e le milizie Mooryaan somale del generale Aidid ed è ricordata per essere stata la prima battaglia che vide impiegati i militari dell'Esercito Italiano dalla fine della seconda guerra mondiale. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 12:39, 5 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=31108366 --&gt;

== Wikipedia translation of the week: 2026-42 ==
&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; margin:0; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa); border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#BBBBBB); padding .4em;color: inherit;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;&gt;The winner this [[m:Translation of the week/2026 translations|Translation of the week]] is

&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:140%;&quot;&gt;'''[[:en:The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft]]'''&lt;br /&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
Please be bold and help translate this article!
&lt;/div&gt;
----
[[File:Lineup.5.JPG|300px|center|]]
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:left; padding: .4em;&quot;&gt;
'''The Trolleybus Museum at Sandtoft''' is a transport museum which specialises in the preservation of trolleybuses. It is located by the village of Sandtoft, near Belton on the Isle of Axholme in the English county of Lincolnshire. 

&lt;small&gt;(Please update the interwiki links on [[d:|Wikidata]] of your language version of the article after each week's translation is finished so that all languages are linked to each other.)&lt;/small&gt;
----
[[File:TOTW.svg|24px|]]  ''[[m:Translation of the week|About]] · '''[[m:Translation of the week/Translation candidates|Nominate/Review]]''' · [[m:Translation of the week/MassMessage|Subscribe/Unsubscribe]] · [[m:MassMessage|Global message delivery]]''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
--[[Umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Ibiganiro by'umukoresha:MediaWiki message delivery|talk]]) 02:09, 12 Ukwakira 2026 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Shizhao@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Translation_of_the_week/MassMessage&amp;oldid=31131525 --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nreytmzuyuh2mss2swz0prx95fefz1d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musanze</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141426</id>
      <parentid>140444</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T15:42:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141426</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7864" sha1="acvrqevgtzvwtsjx2c77572n2w2gb0z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musanze
| image = [[Dosiye:Musanze Genocide Memorial 2.jpg|280px]]
| caption = Imbere y'urwibutso i Musanze (Kanama 2025)
| label1 = Igihugu
| data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]
| label2 = Intara
| data2 = [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Amajyaruguru]]
| label3 = Akarere
| data3 = [[Akarere ka Musanze|Musanze]]
| label4 = Umurenge
| data4 = Muhoza
| label5 = Ubwoko
| data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside
| label6 = Rwibuka
| data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994)
| label7 = Aho ruherereye
| data7 = {{Coord|-1.501342|29.632622|type:landmark_region:RW|display=inline}}
}}
'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Musanze''' (rwahoze rwitwa '''urwa Ruhengeri''') ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu mujyi wa Musanze, mu [[Akarere ka Musanze]], mu [[Intara y’Amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda|Intara y'Amajyaruguru]] y'[[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]. Rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]''.

== Aho ruherereye ==

=== Aho biherereye ===
Urwibutso rwashyizwe mu nyubako yahoze ari iy'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire rwa Ruhengeri, ku muhanda munini w'umujyi wa Musanze.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Wilson Twagira |title=Ex-Ruhengeri Court of Appeal Becomes a Genocide Memorial |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202105260479.html |website=AllAfrica (The New Times) |date=2021-05-25 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211107142412/https://allafrica.com/stories/202105260479.html |archive-date=2021-11-07 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rwafunguwe nyuma yo gutunganya iyo nyubako no kwimura imibiri yari ishyinguye mu rwibutso rwa kera rwa Muhoza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=New decent memorial in Musanze district nears completion |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/new-decent-memorial-in-musanze-district-nears-completion |website=IGIHE |date=2022-01-27 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Ubwicanyi bwabereye mu rukiko ===
Hagati ya tariki ya 12 na 14 Mata 1994, Abatutsi babarirwa mu magana bo mu makomini ya Nyarutovu, Gatonde na Ndusu (mu cyahoze ari Superefegitura ya Busengo, ubu ni mu [[Akarere ka Gakenke]]) bajyanywe ku Rukiko rw'Ubujurire rwa Ruhengeri, bicirwa mu cyumba cy'iburanisha: baterewe ibyuka biryana mu maso, ibisasu, banakubitwa intwaro za gakondo. Benshi mu bishwe bari abakozi ba Leta n'abandi banyamwuga (abarimu, abaganga n'abaforomo, abakozi ba banki, abashoferi, abahinzi-borozi b'abahanga), ndetse n'abakozi b'urukiko ubwarwo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author=Moïse M. Bahati |title=Over 800 genocide victims get decent burial in Musanze |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/Over800GenocideVictimsMusanzeTnT15April2022.pdf |website=The New Times |date=2022-04-15 |format=PDF |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
[[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]]
Mbere y'uko uru rwibutso rwubakwa, abazize Jenoside bo muri ako karere bari bashyinguye cyane cyane mu rwibutso rwa Muhoza, mu mujyi wa Musanze.&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2022&quot; /&gt; Mu 2019, abarokotse Jenoside basabye ko hashyirwaho ahantu ho gushyingura heza kandi harinzwe neza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Musanze survivors appeal for decent memorial site for Genocide victims |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166006/News/musanze-survivors-appeal-for-decent-memorial-site-for-genocide-victims |website=The New Times |date=2019-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2022&quot; /&gt;

Mu 2021, inzego z'ubuyobozi zatangaje ko inyubako yahoze ari iy'Urukiko rw'Ubujurire igiye guhindurwa urwibutso. Ku wa 15 Mata 2022, imibiri irenga 800 yimuwe i Muhoza yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rushya.&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2022&quot; /&gt;

== Ibiranga urwibutso ==
[[Dosiye:Musanze Genocide Memorial 1.jpg|left|thumb|Imbere y'urwibutso i Musanze (Kanama 2025)]]
Urwibutso ruri ku muhanda munini wo mu mujyi wa Musanze (Ruhengeri), umurwa mukuru w'Intara y'Amajyaruguru. Ni rwo rwibutso rw'Akarere, kandi rusurwa kenshi n'amashuri yo muri ako gace.&lt;ref name=&quot;INES&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=INES-Ruhengeri RPF Inkotanyi Members Visit Genocide Memorial at Court of Appeal |url=https://www.ines.ac.rw/news/ines-ruhengeri-rpf-inkotanyi-members-visit-genocide-memorial-at-court-of-appeal/ |website=INES Ruhengeri |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu muhango wo gushyingura wo ku wa 15 Mata 2022, Perezida w'Urukiko rw'Ikirenga, Faustin Nteziryayo, yavuze ko kwicira abantu b'inzirakarengane mu cyumba cy'iburanisha ari ibintu bitari byarigeze bibaho mu Rwanda, kandi ko n'ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko bitigeze bibaho ahandi hose.&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2022&quot; /&gt; Minisitiri Jean-Damascène Bizimana we yibukije ko Jenoside yageragerejwe mu bice bitandukanye bya Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri mbere ya 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2022&quot; /&gt;

=== Imibare ===
Kugeza ku wa 15 Mata 2022, abazize Jenoside barenga 1&amp;nbsp;500 bari bashyinguye mu nzibutso eshatu zo mu Karere ka Musanze; hari n'indi mibiri itaraboneka, kandi abaturage basabwa gutanga amakuru ku hantu hakiri imibiri itarashyingurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2022&quot; /&gt;

Urwibutso rwakira buri mwaka imihango ya ''Kwibuka'', irimo urugendo rwo kwibuka, ijoro ryo kwibuka no gushyira indabo ku mva,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=IPRC Musanze joined Musanze district to commence Kwibuka24 |url=https://www.iprcmusanze.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/iprc-musanze-joined-musanze-district-to-commence-kwibuka24 |website=IPRC Musanze |publisher=Rwanda Polytechnic – Musanze College |date=2018-04-07 |language=en |access-date=2025-09-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250919110627/https://www.iprcmusanze.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/iprc-musanze-joined-musanze-district-to-commence-kwibuka24 |archive-date=2025-09-19 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ndetse n'ibikorwa by'uburezi bikorwa ku bufatanye n'amashuri na za kaminuza zo muri ako karere.&lt;ref name=&quot;INES&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Libos Ndayishimiye |title=Northern Province Leaders and Citizens Unite to Honor Genocide Victims in Ruhengeri |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2026/04/15/northern-province-leaders-and-citizens-unite-in-evening-remembrance-to-honor-genocide-victims-in-ruhengeri/ |website=Top Africa News |date=2026-04-15 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Libos Ndayishimiye |title=Minister Marizamunda Joins Northern Province to Commemorate Victims Killed at the Cour d’Appel de Ruhengeri |url=https://www.topafricanews.com/2026/04/16/minister-marizamunda-joins-northern-province-to-commemorate-the-32nd-victims-killed-at-the-cour-dappel-de-ruhengeri/ |website=Top Africa News |date=2026-04-16 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-14}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]
* [[Akarere ka Musanze]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rusiga]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
{{Commonscat|Ruhengeri Genocide Memorial}}

=== Ibitabo ===
* {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |others=Donatien Nikuze, Faustin Mafeza; Jean-Damascène Gasanabo (ubugenzuzi) |title=Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2018 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/AmatekaJenosideYakoreweAbatutsiRuhengeri.pdf |format=PDF |language=rw}}
* {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}

{{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Musanze, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}}
[[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Musanze]]
[[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]</text>
      <sha1>acvrqevgtzvwtsjx2c77572n2w2gb0z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23158</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141428</id>
      <parentid>140459</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T15:52:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141428</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7551" sha1="fum4vmihbhmv0frfllum2fmjysyyuuk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya
| image = [[Dosiye:RuhashyaGenocideMemorial16.jpg|280px]]
| caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya
| label1 = Igihugu
| data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]
| label2 = Intara
| data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]]
| label3 = Akarere
| data3 = [[Akarere ka Huye|Huye]]
| label4 = Umurenge
| data4 = Ruhashya
| label5 = Ubwoko
| data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside
| label6 = Rwibuka
| data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994)
}}
'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye i Ruhashya, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]].

== Aho ruherereye ==

=== Aho biherereye ===
Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Ruhashya, mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo. Ruri ku rutonde rw'inzibutso za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda.

=== Imiterere rusange ===
Urwibutso rwa Ruhashya ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
[[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]]
Urwibutso rwa Ruhashya ruri mu hantu ho kwibukira hashyizweho nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kugira ngo habungabungwe urwibutso rw'abayizize bo mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Butare, ubu iri mu Ntara y'Amajyepfo.

Mu 2006, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ku muhango wo kwibuka wabereye ku rwibutso rwa Ruhashya, aho abarokotse batanze ubuhamya ku bugome bakorewe muri Jenoside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Shock As Survivor Narrates Ordeal |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/200605010138.html |website=AllAfrica |date=2006-04-28 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060510115447/http://allafrica.com/stories/200605010138.html |archive-date=2006-05-10 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Muri Mata 2011, imibiri 122 y'abazize Jenoside yashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Ruhashya, mu mihango yateguwe mu [[Akarere ka Huye]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Over 130 Genocide victims' remains laid to rest in Huye |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/54166/National/over-130-genocide-victims-remains-laid-to-rest-in-huye |work=The New Times |date=2011-04-27 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Aha hantu hari imishinga yo kuhasana no kuhagura. Mu 2023, Akarere ka Huye kasohoye isoko ryo gusana no kwagura urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Ruhashya.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rehabilitation and Extension of Ruhashya Genocide Memorial Site in Huye District |url=https://www.rwandatenders.com/tender/rehabilitation-and-extension-ruhashya-genocide-memorial-site-huye-district-5251598.php |website=RwandaTenders |year=2023 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Jenoside i Ruhashya ==
Jenoside i Ruhashya yaranzwe no kuva ku kwirwanaho kwa mbere ikagera ku bwicanyi buteguwe. Mu cyahoze ari Komini Ruhashya, ubu iri mu [[Akarere ka Huye]], ubwicanyi bwatangiye ahagana ku wa 22 Mata 1994. Burugumesitiri Martin Rudakubana ngo yabanje kugerageza kurwanya ibitero byibasiraga Abatutsi, nyuma ahindura imyitwarire nyuma y'inama yabereye i Butare ku wa 19 Mata 1994, ayigarukamo yambaye imyenda ya gisirikare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huye&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Huye |url=https://www.huye.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/huye/Inyandiko/Amategeko/Amateka_ya_Jenoside_muri__Huye.pdf |publisher=Akarere ka Huye |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abatutsi bahungiye ahantu hatandukanye, harimo ku biro bya Komini Ruhashya, muri ISAR Songa, muri ISAR Rubona, ku musozi wa Rubaba, i Mwendo n'i Rugogwe. I Rubaba, amatsinda amwe yagerageje kwirwanaho mbere y'uko abajandarume baza kurasa ku mpunzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huye&quot; /&gt;

Ubwicanyi bwakozwe mu byiciro bitandukanye hagati ya tariki ya 21 Mata 1994 n'impera z'ukwezi kwa Mata. Abatutsi bari bahungiye i Rubaba bishwe ku wa 21 Mata 1994, abari ku biro bya komini ya Ruhashya bicwa ku wa 24 na 25 Mata 1994, naho abari bahungiye muri ISAR Songa bicwa ku wa 28 Mata 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huye&quot; /&gt; Ibitero byagabwe n'Interahamwe n'amatsinda yaturutse mu turere dutandukanye duturanye, harimo icyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, Maraba, Rusatira na Kinyamakara. Raporo yerekeye Huye ivuga kandi uruhare rwa Aloys Simba mu bitero byagabwe ku Batutsi bari bahungiye muri Komini Ruhashya, cyane cyane i Rugogwe n'i Gashoba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huye&quot; /&gt;

Ikindi cyihariye kuri Ruhashya ni uko ahantu hiciwe abantu hari hatatanye. Abatutsi ntibiciwe gusa aho bari bahungiye ari benshi, ahubwo bicirwaga no kuri bariyeri zashyizwe mu masantere no ku mihanda, nka bariyeri za Rwaniro, Mwogo, kwa Godefroid Ngenzi no kwa Rukundo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huye&quot; /&gt; Ibyo bisobanura impamvu mu Murenge wa Ruhashya w'ubu hari ahantu henshi ho kwibukira, harimo inzibutso za Ruhashya, Mwendo na ISAR Songa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Huye&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNLG&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== Ibiranga urwibutso ==
Urwibutso ni ahantu ho gushyingura, kunamira no kwibuka abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ruri mu rusobe rw'inzibutso z'igihugu zakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'' n'ibikorwa byo kurwanya ihakana n'ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]
* [[Akarere ka Huye]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rubona]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Songa]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Cyarwa]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
{{Commonscat|Ruhashya Genocide Memorial}}

=== Ibitabo ===
* {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Butare |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}}
* {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}}

{{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ruhashya, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}}
[[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Huye]]
[[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]</text>
      <sha1>fum4vmihbhmv0frfllum2fmjysyyuuk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23164</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141429</id>
      <parentid>140465</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T15:54:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141429</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8302" sha1="2ubsl6dgv1qiosprm1ujtx80uyvjg5u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi
| image = [[Dosiye:RukumberiGenocideMemorial10.jpg|280px]]
| caption = Uruzitiro rw'urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda munini (Kanama 2025)
| label1 = Igihugu
| data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]
| label2 = Intara
| data2 = [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba|Iburasirazuba]]
| label3 = Akarere
| data3 = [[Akarere ka Ngoma|Ngoma]]
| label4 = Umurenge
| data4 = Rukumberi
| label5 = Ubwoko
| data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside
| label6 = Rwibuka
| data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994)
}}
'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukumberi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, mu [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu [[Intara y'Iburasirazuba]], mu [[Rwanda]].

Rushyinguyemo imibiri y'abazize Jenoside irenga 40&amp;nbsp;000, iruhukiye mu mva rusange.

== Aho ruherereye ==

=== Aho biherereye ===
Urwibutso ruri rwagati mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, mu cyaro cy'[[Akarere ka Ngoma]], mu burasirazuba bw'u Rwanda. Ruri mu gace k'imisozi n'ibishanga ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera n'ibibaya bikunze kurengerwa n'amazi, aho imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yagiye iboneka uko imyaka yagiye ihita.&lt;ref name=&quot;KTPress2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Remains of more than 600 Genocide victims discovered in Ngoma |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2020/09/rwanda-remains-of-more-than-600-genocide-victims-discovered-in-ngoma/ |website=KT Press |date=2020-09-15 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGIHE2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Remains of 44 victims of genocide found on Lake Mugesera shores |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/article/remains-of-44-victims-of-genocide-found-on-lake-mugesera-shores |website=IGIHE |date=2020-09-04 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imiterere rusange ===
[[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]]
Umurenge wa Rukumberi ni umwe mu mirenge cumi n'ine igize [[Akarere ka Ngoma]], hamwe na Gashanda, Jarama, Karembo, Kazo, Kibungo, Mugesera, Murama, Mutenderi, Remera, Rukira, Rurenge, Sake na Zaza. Guhera mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1950 no mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 1960, imiryango y'Abatutsi yaturutse mu tundi duce tw'igihugu yimuriwe ku gahato ituzwa muri aka gace kari kitaruye, karangwaga n'ibishanga byuzuyemo isazi ya tsetse n'ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'ibitotsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AOS2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=AOS reaches out to genocide survivors |url=https://aos.rw/2022/05/01/aos-reaches-out-to-genocide-survivors/ |website=AOS |date=2022-05-01 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Volcanoes2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Over 40,000 Genocide Victims to be Reburied in Rukumberi |url=https://www.volcanoesnationalparkrwanda.com/40000-victims-genocide-reburied/ |website=Volcanoes National Park Rwanda |date=2019-03-26 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo politiki yagize uruhare mu guheza Abatutsi bari batujwe i Rukumberi no guhungabanya imibereho yabo igihe kirekire.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Jean Bigagaza |title=Land Scarcity, Distribution and Conflict in Rwanda |url=https://landwise-production.s3.amazonaws.com/2022/03/Bigagaza_Chapter2-Scacrity-and-surfeit_2002-86.pdf |website=International Development Research Centre |year=2002 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nyuma ya 1994, Leta y'u Rwanda yagiye ishyiraho urusobe rw'inzibutso zigenewe guhuriza hamwe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside no kuba ahantu ho kwigira no kunamira. Urwibutso rwa Rukumberi ruri muri izo nzibutso ziri mu ntara zitandukanye z'u Rwanda.

== Amateka ==
Muri Jenoside yo mu 1994, Abatutsi b'i Rukumberi bibasiwe n'Interahamwe n'amatsinda yitwaje intwaro yashyigikiwe n'abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze. Ubwicanyi bwageze ku ndunduro ahagana ku wa 16 Mata 1994; itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda rivuga ko hafi ya bose mu Batutsi bo muri ako gace bishwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=April 16, 1994: Genocide massacres peak in Rukumberi |url=https://www.africa-press.net/rwanda/all-news/april-16-1994-genocide-massacres-peak-in-rukumberi |website=Africa-Press |date=2025-04-16 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu myaka yakurikiye Jenoside, i Rukumberi hashyizwe ahantu ho gushyingura abantu benshi hamwe, hagenewe imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yabonekaga mu bishanga no mu mazu yatawe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Volcanoes2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |author=Jean d’Amour Mbonyinshuti |title=Ngoma: 40,000 Genocide victims given decent burial |url=https://www.newtimes.co.rw/article/166658/News/ngoma-40000-genocide-victims-given-decent-burial |work=The New Times |date=2019-05-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guhera mu myaka ya 2010, hakozwe ibikorwa byo gutaburura imibiri mu nkengero, cyane cyane ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera, bituma havumburwa izindi mva rusange, imibiri ikongera gushyingurwa mu rwibutso.&lt;ref name=&quot;KTPress2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGIHE2020&quot; /&gt;

Ku wa 26 Werurwe 2019, inzego z'ubuyobozi zatangaje ko imibiri y'abazize Jenoside irenga 40&amp;nbsp;000 igiye kwimurirwa no gushyingurwa mu rwibutso rushya rw'i Rukumberi, rwubatswe kugira ngo babone aho gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro kurushaho, n'ibikorwaremezo bikwiye imihango yo kwibuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Volcanoes2019&quot; /&gt; Ku wa 20 Gicurasi 2019, umuhango wateguwe ku rwego rw'Akarere ka Ngoma waranze ishyingurwa ry'iyo mibiri mu mva zateguwe ku rwibutso rwa Rukumberi, witabirwa n'abarokotse, abayobozi b'inzego z'ibanze n'intumwa zaturutse mu tundi duce tw'u Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;NT2019&quot; /&gt;

Kuva icyo gihe, ibigo bya Leta n'iby'abikorera bigira uruhare mu kubungabunga no kuvugurura urwibutso. Mu 2022, isosiyete AOS Limited yatanze ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi kandi yifatanya n'abakozi bayo mu mihango yo kwibuka yabereye aho hantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AOS2022&quot; /&gt; Ibikorwa byo gutaburura imibiri bikomeje mu Murenge wa Rukumberi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kubona amagufwa ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Mugesera cyangwa hafi y'amasambu y'abakoze Jenoside, kugira ngo imibiri yimurirwe mu rwibutso.&lt;ref name=&quot;KTPress2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IGIHE2020&quot; /&gt;
[[Dosiye:RukumberiGenocideMemorial37.jpg|thumb|Imva ziri imbere mu rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]]

== Ibiranga urwibutso ==
Urwibutso rwa Rukumberi rugizwe n'imva rusange zubakishijwe amatafari, ikibuga cyo gukoreramo imihango yo kunamira n'amabuye y'urwibutso menshi yibutsa amateka y'Abatutsi bimuriwe muri aka gace nyuma bakicwa mu 1994.&lt;ref name=&quot;Volcanoes2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AOS2022&quot; /&gt; Rwakira buri mwaka imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', ingendo-shuri z'abanyeshuri n'ibikorwa by'umuganda bitegurwa n'inzego z'ibanze, imiryango y'abarokotse n'ibigo bitandukanye byo mu Rwanda.&lt;ref name=&quot;AOS2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rwanda: Reforestation Brings Hope to Eastern Province |url=https://allafrica.com/view/group/main/main/id/00074627.html |website=The New Times / AllAfrica |date=2019-11-12 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Inkuru z'itangazamakuru zigaragaza Rukumberi nk'ahantu habera ibikorwa by'ubwiyunge hagati y'abarokotse n'abakoze ibyaha, binyuze mu nama rusange n'imihango aho abarokotse bababarira abakoze Jenoside bicuza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rukumberi Genocide Survivors and Perpetrators Reconcile |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/201901290185.html |website=The New Times / AllAfrica |date=2019-01-29 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190129115422/https://allafrica.com/stories/201901290185.html |archive-date=2019-01-29 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]
* [[Akarere ka Ngoma]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Rukira]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Zaza]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
{{Commonscat|Rukumberi Genocide Memorial}}

=== Ibitabo ===
* Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda », ''Afrique contemporaine'', no 238, 2011.
* Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, 1996.

{{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rukumberi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}}
[[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Ngoma]]
[[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]</text>
      <sha1>2ubsl6dgv1qiosprm1ujtx80uyvjg5u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23166</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141427</id>
      <parentid>140467</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T15:48:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141427</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9060" sha1="fs1ey2md4jil5k90cpeetxahl84kaew" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba
| image = [[Dosiye:NyamishabaGenocideMemorial02.jpg|280px]]
| caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba
| label1 = Igihugu
| data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]
| label2 = Intara
| data2 = [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba|Iburengerazuba]]
| label3 = Akarere
| data3 = [[Akarere ka Karongi|Karongi]]
| label4 = Umurenge
| data4 = Mubuga
| label5 = Ubwoko
| data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside
| label6 = Rwibuka
| data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994)
}}
'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira no gushyingura abazize [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Mubuga, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Rwanda]].

== Aho ruherereye ==

=== Aho biherereye ===
Urwibutso ruri mu Murenge wa Mubuga, mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]], mu [[Intara y'Uburengerazuba]]. Ruri ku nkombe z'[[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]], mu gace k'icyahoze ari Ishuri ry'Ubuhinzi n'Amashyamba rya Nyamishaba, rikunze kwitwa EAFO Nyamishaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;IPRC2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=IPRC Karongi commemorates victims of the Genocide against the Tutsi in former ETO Kibuye and EAFO Nyamishaba schools |url=https://www.iprckarongi.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/iprc-karongi-commemorates-victims-of-the-genocide-against-the-tutsi-in-former-eto-kibuye-and-eafo-nyamishaba-schools |website=IPRC Karongi |date=2023-04-25 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Imiterere rusange ===
Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba ni rumwe mu nzibutso za Jenoside ziri hirya no hino mu gihugu, zifite uruhare rwo gushyingura mu cyubahiro, kunamira, kubika amateka no kwibuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inzibutso enye za Jenoside zo mu Rwanda ziri ku rutonde rw'Umurage w'Isi wa UNESCO: [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]] na [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Sites mémoriaux du génocide : Nyamata, Murambi, Gisozi et Bisesero |url=https://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/1586/ |website=Centre du patrimoine mondial de l'UNESCO |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
[[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]]
Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe mu cyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Icyahoze ari ishuri rya EAFO Nyamishaba kivugwa mu hantu hiciwe Abatutsi, barimo abakozi, abanyeshuri n'abaturage bari bahahungiye. Bamwe mu bishwe bajugunywe mu [[Ikiyaga cya Kivu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IPRC2023&quot; /&gt;

Mu Karere ka Karongi hategurwa imihango yo kwibuka abiciwe mu cyahoze ari ETO Kibuye no muri EAFO Nyamishaba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=KWIBUKA28: IPRC Karongi commemorates staff and students of former ETO Kibuye and EAFO Nyamishaba |url=https://www.iprckarongi.rp.ac.rw/news-detail/kwibuka28-iprc-karongi-commemorates-staff-and-students-of-former-eto-kibuye-and-eafo-nyamishaba |website=IPRC Karongi |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ubwicanyi bwa Nyamishaba buvugwa kandi mu manza zijyanye na Jenoside. Mu 2026, mu rubanza rw'ubujurire rwa [[Claude Muhayimana]] mu Bufaransa, abatangabuhamya bavuze ku bwicanyi bwabereye i Nyamishaba ku wa 15 Mata 1994, ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Procès en appel de Claude Muhayimana à la Cour d’assises de Paris – Jour 7 |url=https://www.ibuka-france.org/proces-en-appel-de-claude-muhayimana-a-la-cour-dassises-de-paris-jour-7/ |website=Ibuka France |date=2026-02-16 |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Itangazamakuru ryavuze kandi ko Claude Muhayimana yakatiwe mu bujurire igifungo cy'imyaka cumi n'ine kubera ubufatanyacyaha muri Jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu, mu rubanza rujyanye no gutwara Interahamwe azijyana ahantu hatandukanye habereye ubwicanyi mu gace ka Kibuye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Rwanda : Claude Muhayimana condamné en appel à quatorze ans de prison pour complicité de génocide |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2026/02/28/rwanda-claude-muhayimana-condamne-en-appel-a-quatorze-ans-de-prison-pour-complicite-de-genocide_6647856_3212.html |work=Le Monde |date=2026-02-28 |language=fr |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ibiranga urwibutso ==
[[Dosiye:NyamishabaGenocideMemorial05.jpg|left|thumb|Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamishaba]]
Urwibutso rwa Nyamishaba rufitanye isano n'ubwicanyi bwakorewe hafi y'icyahoze ari Ishuri ry'Ubuhinzi n'Amashyamba EAFO Nyamishaba, ubu riri muri IPRC Karongi. Nk'uko IPRC Karongi ibivuga, abakozi, abanyeshuri b'icyahoze ari EAFO Nyamishaba n'Abatutsi bari bahahungiye bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994; benshi mu bishwe nyuma bajugunywe mu kiyaga cya Kivu.&lt;ref name=&quot;IPRC2023&quot; /&gt;

Ubuhamya bwatanzwe mu mihango yo kwibuka bwerekana ko ibitero byatangiye i Nyamishaba ku wa 15 Mata 1994. Abari bahungiye mu nyubako za EAFO bakuwe aho bari bihishe, bajyanwa ku kiyaga baricwa; bamwe bakurikiranywe n'ubwato igihe bageragezaga kurokoka boga.&lt;ref name=&quot;KT2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author=Ephrem Murindabigwi |title=Karongi: Barifuza ko abakoze Jenoside i Nyamishaba bashakishwa |url=https://www.kigalitoday.com/kwibuka/article/karongi-barifuza-ko-abakoze-jenoside-i-nyamishaba-bashakishwa |website=Kigali Today |date=2023-04-28 |language=rw |access-date=2026-06-12}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IPRC2023&quot; /&gt; Abarokotse bashinja kandi bamwe mu banyeshuri n'abakozi b'icyo kigo kuba baragize uruhare mu kwerekana abari bihishe no kubajyana aho biciwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;KT2023&quot; /&gt;

Aha hantu hafite umwihariko wo gushyingura kubera ikiyaga cya Kivu. IPRC Karongi ivuga ko mu rwibutso rwa Nyamishaba haruhukiye Abatutsi barenga 3&amp;nbsp;000, mu gihe umubare w'abajugunywe mu kiyaga utazwi.&lt;ref name=&quot;IPRC2023&quot; /&gt; Muri Kanama 2024, imibiri 18 y'abazize Jenoside yabonetse ku nkombe z'ikiyaga cya Kivu, hafi y'icyahoze ari EAFO Nyamishaba; yajyanywe mu [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye|rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Gatwaro]] kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |author=Elias Hakizimana |title=18 Bodies of Genocide Victims Found on the Shores of Lake Kivu in Karongi district |url=https://rwandainspirer.com/18-bodies-of-genocide-victims-found-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu-in-karongi-district/ |website=Rwanda Inspirer |date=2024-08-06 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260930104826/https://rwandainspirer.com/18-bodies-of-genocide-victims-found-on-the-shores-of-lake-kivu-in-karongi-district/ |archive-date=2026-09-30 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Urwibutso rwatoranyijwe mu nzibutso zizagumaho muri gahunda yo guhuriza hamwe inzibutso zo mu [[Akarere ka Karongi]]. Mu 2026, itangazamakuru ryo mu Rwanda ryavuze ko Nyamishaba igomba kugumaho kubera agaciro kayo muri ako gace n'umubare w'imibiri y'abazize Jenoside yabonetse mu kiyaga cya Kivu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Karongi to retain nine Genocide memorials after consolidation plan |url=https://en.igihe.com/history/article/karongi-to-retain-nine-genocide-memorials-after-consolidation-plan |website=IGIHE |date=2026-04-24 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibyo bijyanye na politiki y'igihugu yo kubungabunga ahantu ho kwibukira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, iteganywa n'amategeko y'u Rwanda agenga imihango yo kwibuka.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Law governing ceremonies to commemorate the Genocide against the Tutsi |url=https://rwandalii.org/akn/rw/act/law/2016/15/eng@2016-05-30/source |website=RwandaLII |date=2016-05-30 |language=en |access-date=2026-06-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]
* [[Akarere ka Karongi]]
* [[Claude Muhayimana]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibuye]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
{{Commonscat|Nyamishaba Genocide Memorial}}

=== Ibitabo ===
* {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya Kibuye |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |language=rw}}
* {{Cite book |author=Commission Nationale de Lutte contre le Génocide |title=Identification des sites du génocide d’avril à juillet 1994 |location=Kigali |publisher=CNLG |year=2019 |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/IdentificationSitesGenocideAvrilJuillet1994.pdf |format=PDF |language=fr}}
* {{Cite book |last=Denis |first=Philippe |title=The Genocide against the Tutsi, and the Rwandan Churches: Between Grief and Denial |series=Religion in Transforming Africa |volume=9 |publisher=James Currey |location=Woodbridge |year=2022 |isbn=9781847012906 |language=en}}

{{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nyamishaba, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}}
[[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Karongi]]
[[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]</text>
      <sha1>fs1ey2md4jil5k90cpeetxahl84kaew</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23170</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141425</id>
      <parentid>140422</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T15:38:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141425</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7392" sha1="d9wzffrexy8lug87bl8ud9xrkmuy3fe" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| title = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi
| image = [[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial11.jpg|280px]]
| caption = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi (Kanama 2025)
| label1 = Igihugu
| data1 = [[Rwanda|u Rwanda]]
| label2 = Intara
| data2 = [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Amajyepfo]]
| label3 = Akarere
| data3 = [[Akarere ka Kamonyi|Kamonyi]]
| label4 = Umurenge
| data4 = Gacurabwenge
| label5 = Ubwoko
| data5 = Urwibutso rwa Jenoside
| label6 = Rwibuka
| data6 = [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]] (1994)
}}
'''Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kamonyi''' ni ahantu ho kwibukira [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi]], haherereye mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, mu [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]], mu [[Intara y'amajyepfo|Intara y'Amajyepfo]], mu [[Rwanda]].

Rwibutsa Abatutsi biciwe muri ako gace mu 1994, imibiri yabo ikaba yarakusanyijwe igashyingurwa aho. Imibiri y'abazize Jenoside isaga 47&amp;nbsp;000 ishyinguye mu mva rusange z'urwibutso rwa Kamonyi, rwubatswe ku muhanda Kigali–Huye, mu gace ka Kibuza.

== Aho ruherereye ==

=== Aho biherereye ===
[[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial18.jpg|left|thumb|Inzira igana ku rwibutso (Kanama 2025)]]
Urwibutso ruri ku musozi wa Kibuza, mu Murenge wa Gacurabwenge, ari na wo cyicaro cy'Akarere ka Kamonyi, iruhande rw'umuhanda wa kaburimbo Kigali–Muhanga (umuhanda Kigali–Huye).&lt;ref name=&quot;Ecobank2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=Rwanda: Ecobank Rwanda Staff Contribute Towards Revamping Kamonyi Genocide Memorial |url=https://allafrica.com/stories/202104270243.html |work=The New Times (AllAfrica) |date=2021-04-27 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210530044826/https://allafrica.com/stories/202104270243.html |archive-date=2021-05-30 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ruri hafi y'ibiro by'Umurenge wa Gacurabwenge, kandi ruroroshye kugerwaho uturutse i Kigali.

=== Imiterere rusange ===
[[Dosiye:Communes of Rwanda in 1994.svg|thumb|Amakomini y'u Rwanda mu 1994]]
Mbere ya 1994, agace ka Kamonyi kari muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama. Ubushakashatsi bwa Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) bugaragaza ko ari hamwe mu hantu abayobozi ba komini n'ab'igihugu bakanguriye abaturage gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNLG2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |author=Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG) |title=Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda |url=https://francegenocidetutsi.org/GenocidePlanificationCnlgJanuary2021.pdf |publisher=CNLG |date=January 2021 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuhamya bwatanzwe nyuma ya Jenoside buvuga ko Abatutsi birukanwaga muri paruwasi no ku masoko byo hafi bakajyanwa mu gace ka Kibuza, aho ibitero by'Interahamwe n'abasirikare byahitanye benshi; imibiri yabo nyuma yimuriwe mu rwibutso rwa Kamonyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNLG2021&quot; /&gt;

Urwibutso rwa Kamonyi ruri mu nzibutso za Jenoside zabaruwe na CNLG, nyuma na Minisiteri y'Ubumwe bw'Abanyarwanda n'Inshingano Mboneragihugu (MINUBUMWE), hamwe n'izindi nka [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyamata|Nyamata]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Murambi|Murambi]], [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Bisesero|Bisesero]] cyangwa [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kigali|Gisozi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CNLG2021&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Nyuma ya Jenoside, abarokotse n'imiryango y'abazize Jenoside, bafashijwe n'inzego z'ibanze n'umuryango w'abarokotse Ibuka, bakusanyirije ku musozi wa Kibuza imibiri y'Abatutsi biciwe mu gace ka Musambira, Gacurabwenge n'amakomini ahakikije.&lt;ref name=&quot;CNLG2021&quot; /&gt; Aho hantu hagiye hatunganywa buhoro buhoro hahinduka urwibutso rufite imva rusange zubakishijwe amatafari, imva z'abantu benshi n'ahantu ho kunamira.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOA2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bank of Africa staff honor genocide victims at Kamonyi genocide memorial |url=https://en.igihe.com/news/bank-of-africa-staff-honor-genocide-victims-at |website=IGIHE |date=2019-05-20 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hagati mu myaka ya 2000, umuryango w'Abongereza Survivors Fund (SURF) watanze inkunga yo kubaka, hafi y'urwibutso, inyubako igenewe ibikorwa byo kwibuka no kubika inyandiko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ecobank2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SURF2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Research Centre |url=https://survivors-fund.org.uk/news/commemoration/research-centre/ |website=Survivors Fund (SURF) |date=2015-07-30 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2015, iyo nyubako yashyikirijwe ku mugaragaro Komisiyo y'Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) kugira ngo ikoreshwe nk'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;SURF2015&quot; /&gt;
[[Dosiye:KamonyiGenocideMemorial15.jpg|thumb|Urwibutso rurebewe ku muhanda (Kanama 2025)]]

Mu 2025, MINUBUMWE yatangaje ko i Kamonyi hagiye gufungurwa ikigo cy'igihugu cy'ububiko bw'inyandiko n'ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kizifashisha ibikorwaremezo bisanzwe biri mu karere, kigatuma Kamonyi iba ihuriro ry'ubushakashatsi no kwibuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;KTP2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=New State-of-the-Art Genocide History Center Opens October in Kamonyi |url=https://www.ktpress.rw/2025/06/new-state-of-the-art-genocide-history-center-opens-october-in-kamonyi/ |website=KT Press |date=2025-06-19 |language=en |access-date=2025-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ibiranga urwibutso ==
Urwibutso rwa Kamonyi rugizwe n'imva rusange zubakishijwe beto, zishyinguyemo imibiri y'ibihumbi by'abazize Jenoside yakuwe ahantu hatandukanye muri ako gace, cyane cyane mu cyahoze ari Komini Musambira.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ecobank2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CNLG2021&quot; /&gt; Hari amabuye n'ibimenyetso byibutsa ubwicanyi bwabereye mu gace ka Kibuza no mu mirenge ihakikije, ndetse n'urwibutso rw'Abatutsi bo mu Karere ka Kamonyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOA2019&quot; /&gt;

Urwibutso rwakira imihango yo ''[[Kwibuka]]'', gusurwa n'amatsinda y'abanyeshuri, n'intumwa z'ibigo bya Leta n'iby'abikorera bahategurira ibikorwa by'uburere mboneragihugu no kwibuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;BOA2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ecobank2021&quot; /&gt; Inyubako y'ubushakashatsi yubatswe na SURF igashyikirizwa CNLG ikoreshwa mu mahugurwa, mu nama z'abarokotse no mu bikorwa byo kwandika amateka bijyanye no gukumira Jenoside.&lt;ref name=&quot;SURF2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;KTP2025&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994]]
* [[Akarere ka Kamonyi]]
* [[Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kabgayi]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
{{Commonscat|Kamonyi Genocide Memorial}}
* {{Cite web |title=Genocide Memorials |url=https://genocidearchiverwanda.org.rw/category/Memorials |website=Genocide Archive Rwanda |language=en}}

=== Ibitabo ===
* Commission nationale de lutte contre le génocide (CNLG), ''Preparation and Execution of the Genocide perpetrated against the Tutsi in Rwanda'', Kigali, CNLG, 2021.
* Commission pour le mémorial du génocide et des massacres au Rwanda, ''Rapport préliminaire d’identification des sites du génocide et des massacres d’avril-juillet 1994 au Rwanda'', Kigali, Ministère de l’Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche scientifique et de la Culture, 1996.
* Hélène Dumas, Rémi Korman, « Espaces de la mémoire du génocide des Tutsis au Rwanda », ''Afrique contemporaine'', no 238, 2011.

{{Palette Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda|state=uncollapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Kamonyi, Urwibutso rwa Jenoside}}
[[Ikiciro:Akarere ka Kamonyi]]
[[Ikiciro:Itsembabwoko ry’u Rwanda ry’1994]]</text>
      <sha1>d9wzffrexy8lug87bl8ud9xrkmuy3fe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23194</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141419</id>
      <parentid>140962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T13:24:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141419</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17355" sha1="ncaabuoi3f93rs9uhipt1p81v89sb5r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name          = Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
| image         = 2026 Teodoro Obiang (cropped).jpg
| image_size    = 220px
| caption       = Teodoro Obiang mu 2026
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1942|6|5|df=y}}
| birth_place   = Acoacán, Mongomo, [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]
| nationality   = Umunyagineya Ekwatoriyale
| alma_mater    = Ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare rya Zaragoza (Esipanye)
| occupation    = Umusirikare, umunyapolitiki
| known_for     = Perezida w'Ubumwe bwa Afurika (2011–2012)
| title         = Perezida wa Gineya Ekwatoriyale
| term          = Kuva ku wa 3 Kanama 1979
| predecessor   = Francisco Macías Nguema
| party         = Parti démocratique de Guinée équatoriale (PDGE)
| spouse        = Constancia Mangue (n'abandi)
}}
'''Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo''' (wavutse ku wa 5 Kamena 1942 i Acoacán, mu karere ka Mongomo, muri [[Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]) ni umunyapolitiki akaba n'uwahoze ari umusirikare wo muri Gineya Ekwatoriyale, uyoboye icyo gihugu kuva mu 1979, akaba ari Perezida wacyo wa kabiri kuva mu 1982.

Amaze kwiga mu ishuri rya gisirikare rya Zaragoza muri Esipanye, yabaye mu myanya myinshi ku butegetsi bwa nyirarume Francisco Macías Nguema, harimo n'uw'umuyobozi wa gereza ya Playa Negra (''Black Beach''), izwiho guhohotera uburenganzira bwa muntu. Mu 1979, yahiritse Macías binyuze muri kudeta ya gisirikare. Mu 1987, yashinze ishyaka ''Parti démocratique de Guinée équatoriale'' (PDGE), ryabaye ishyaka rimwe rukumbi ryemewe kugeza mu 1992. Ku butegetsi bwe, Gineya Ekwatoriyale yabaye igihugu gikomeye mu gucukura peteroli kuva mu myaka ya 1990. Kuva mu 2011 kugeza mu 2012, yabaye Perezida w'Ubumwe bwa Afurika.

Afatwa nk'umunyagitugu uyoboye ubutegetsi burangwa na ruswa ikabije, ikoreshwa nabi ry'ububasha, ihohoterwa ry'uburenganzira bwa muntu n'ikimenyane&lt;ref name=&quot;E2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |title=Clan Obiang: The Eastern European Network of an African Dictator |url=https://www.occrp.org/en/investigation/clan-obiang-the-eastern-european-network-of-an-african-dictator |website=OCCRP |access-date=2025-11-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Ana Lúcia Sá |title=The politics of autocratic survival in Equatorial Guinea: Co-optation, restrictive institutional rules, repression, and international projection |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adaa030 |website=African Affairs |date=2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |author=Austin S. Matthews |title=Elite strategy in resilient authoritarianism: Equatorial Guinea, 1979–2023 |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13510347.2024.2343105 |website=Democratization |date=2024 |access-date=2024-04-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ni we mukuru w'igihugu utari umwami umaze igihe kirekire ku butegetsi ku isi, nyuma ya [[Paul Biya]] wa Kameruni.

== Ubuzima ==
=== Umuryango ===
Teodoro Obiang yavukiye mu muryango wo mu bwoko bw'Abesangui, ku wa 5 Kamena 1942, mu gace kari mu bukoloni bwa Esipanye, ku mupaka n'[[Gabon]] y'ubu&lt;ref name=&quot;E6&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=The Statesman's Yearbook 2007: The Politics, Cultures and Economies of the World |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zzQUDgAAQBAJ |website=Palgrave Macmillan UK |date=2006}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ni umwana wa gatatu mu bana icumi ba Santiago Nguema Eneme Obama na María Mbasogo Ngui, bombi b'Abanyagabon bari barimukiye muri Gineya ya Esipanye kugira ngo birinde umusoro w'umubiri no kungukira mu bukungu bwari bwifashe neza. Nyina amaze gupfa, we n'abavandimwe be barezwe na se n'umugore we mushya, Carmen Mikue Mbira&lt;ref name=&quot;E7&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=GUINEA ECUATORIAL |title=La pareja presidencial asiste a la misa de réquiem de Doña Carmen Mikue - Página Oficial del Gobierno de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial |url=https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=5825 |website=www.guineaecuatorialpress.com |access-date=2026-01-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808092214/https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticia.php?id=5825 |archive-date=2020-08-08 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ku wa 12 Ukuboza 1968, yashakanye na Constancia Mangue Nsue; umuhungu wabo, Teodoro Nguema Obiang Mangue (&quot;Teodorín&quot;), ni Visi-perezida w'igihugu. Afite abandi bagore, kandi abana be benshi bari mu myanya ikomeye muri guverinoma&lt;ref name=&quot;E4&quot; /&gt;.

=== Amashuri ===
Yize amashuri abanza n'ayisumbuye mu kigo cya Cardenal Cisneros cya Ebibeyin no mu kigo cya La Salle cya Bata. Kuva mu 1963 kugeza mu 1965, yize mu Ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare rya Zaragoza muri Esipanye, ahavana ipeti rya sous-lieutenant.

== Urugendo mu gisirikare ku butegetsi bwa Macías ==
Mu 1969, nyirarume Perezida Francisco Macías Nguema yamugize lieutenant mu ngabo z'igihugu. Mu 1971, yazamuwe ku ipeti rya kapiteni kubera uruhare rwe mu kuvumbura umugambi wa kudeta, hanyuma aba komanda mu 1975. Mu 1979, yabaye Minisitiri wungirije w'Ingabo afite ipeti rya lieutenant-colonel. Mu myaka myinshi, yayoboye gereza ya Playa Negra n'urwego rwose rw'amagereza mu gihugu, aba na guverineri w'ikirwa cya Bioko n'umuyobozi w'ingabo z'igihugu.

== Perezida wa Gineya Ekwatoriyale ==
=== Kudeta ya 1979 ===
Nyuma y'aho Macías ategetse ko abantu benshi bo mu muryango wabo bicwa, barimo na murumuna wa Obiang, Obiang n'abandi bari hafi ya Macías bakeka ko yasaze. Ku wa 3 Kanama 1979, Obiang yamuhiritse muri kudeta yamenekeyemo amaraso, maze amushyikiriza urukiko ku byaha yakoze, harimo jenoside y'Ababubi; Macías yakatiwe urwo gupfa, aricwa arashwe ku wa 29 Nzeri 1979&lt;ref name=&quot;E8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Dan Gardner |title=The Pariah President: Teodoro Obiang is a brutal dictator responsible for thousands of deaths. So why is he treated like an elder statesman on the world stage? |url=http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html |website=The Ottawa Citizen |date=2005-11-06 |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080612161320/http://www.dangardner.ca/Featnov605.html |archive-date=2008-06-12 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Steve Bloomfield |title=Teodoro Obiang Nguema: A brutal, bizarre jailer |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/teodoro-obiang-nguema-a-brutal-bizarre-jailer-448575.html |website=The Independent |date=2007-05-13 |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013221831/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/teodoro-obiang-nguema-a-brutal-bizarre-jailer-448575.html |archive-date=2011-10-13 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Obiang yatangaje ko ubutegetsi bushya buzatangira bundi bushya: yahaye imbabazi imfungwa za politiki, akuraho imirimo y'agahato, kandi yongera kwemera ubukirisitu bwari bwarabujijwe, ariko ntiyavuze ku ruhare rwe mu byaha by'ubutegetsi bwa Macías&lt;ref name=&quot;E8&quot; /&gt;.

=== Itegeko Nshinga rishya n'amatora ===
Mu 1982, igihugu cyasubiye ku butegetsi bwa gisivili mu izina, gishyiraho Itegeko Nshinga rishya; Obiang yatorewe kuba Perezida nta wundi bahanganye, ararahira ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1982. Yongeye gutorwa mu 1989 ari wenyine. Nyuma y'aho amashyaka menshi yemerewe mu 1992, yongeye gutorwa mu 1996 no mu 2002 ku majwi 98 %, mu matora indorerezi mpuzamahanga zavuze ko arimo uburiganya&lt;ref name=&quot;E10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Steve Bloomfield |title=Teodoro Obiang Nguema: A brutal, bizarre jailer |url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/teodoro-obiang-nguema-a-brutal-bizarre-jailer-448575.html |website=The Independent |date=2007-05-13 |access-date=2010-10-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219113546/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/teodoro-obiang-nguema-a-brutal-bizarre-jailer-448575.html |archive-date=2008-12-19 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E11&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=United States Central Intelligence Agency |title=The CIA World Factbook 2010 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pqanFyF6nI0C&amp;pg=PA214 |website=Skyhorse Publishing Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;; mu 2002, mu ntara imwe y'itora, yabonye 103 % by'amajwi&lt;ref name=&quot;E24&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Alexander Smoltczyk |title=Rich in Oil, Poor in Human Rights: Torture and Poverty in Equatorial Guinea |url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel/0,1518,434691,00.html |website=Der Spiegel |date=2006-08-28 |access-date=2007-04-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Mu 2009, yongeye gutorwa ku majwi 97 %, nanone havugwa uburiganya n'iterabwoba&lt;ref name=&quot;E12&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |author=Mark Tran |title=President Nguema of Equatorial Guinea on course to extend three-decade rule |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/nov/30/president-equatorial-guinea-extends-rule |website=The Guardian |date=2009-11-30 |access-date=2010-10-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yongeye gutorwa mu 2016 no mu 2022.

PDGE ifite ububasha hafi bwose, kandi Itegeko Nshinga riha Perezida ububasha bwagutse, harimo n'ubwo kuyobora binyuze mu mateka. Ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru bugarukira cyane: ibinyamakuru hafi ya byose ni ibya Leta cyangwa iby'umuhungu we Teodorín&lt;ref name=&quot;E14&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |title=Equatorial Guinea media guide |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13317177 |website=BBC News |date=2011-05-06 |access-date=2026-02-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Mu 2004, habaye umugambi wa kudeta wateguwe n'abacancuro b'abanyamahanga, uyobowe n'Umwongereza Simon Mann, waje gukatirwa gufungwa imyaka 34. Muri Nzeri 2022, Obiang yashyize umukono ku itegeko rikuraho igihano cy'urupfu, icyemezo cyashimwe ku rwego mpuzamahanga&lt;ref name=&quot;E46&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea Becomes 25th Africian Country to Abolish Death Penalty |url=https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/equatorial-guinea-becomes-25th-african-country-to-abolish-death-penalty |website=Death Penalty Information Center |date=2022-09-20 |access-date=2024-10-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ububanyi n'amahanga ===
Umubano na [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] warazambye mu 1993, ambasade y'Amerika ifungwa mu 1996&lt;ref name=&quot;E17&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Peter Maass |title=A Touch of Crude |url=https://www.motherjones.com/news/feature/2005/01/12_400.html |website=Mother Jones |access-date=2014-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nyuma y'ibitero byo ku wa 11 Nzeri 2001, Amerika yongeye kwita ku bihugu by'Afurika bicukura peteroli; mu ruzinduko rwe rwo mu 2006, Umunyamabanga wa Leta Condoleezza Rice yamwise &quot;inshuti nziza&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;E20&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Larry Luxner |title=Equatorial Guinea Goes from Rags to Riches With Oil Boom |url=http://www.washdiplomat.com/01-08/a2_08_01.html |website=Washington Diplomat |date=August 2001 |access-date=2007-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070928044756/http://www.washdiplomat.com/01-08/a2_08_01.html |archive-date=2007-09-28 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Remarks with Equatorial Guinean President Obiang Before Their Meeting |url=https://2001-2009.state.gov/secretary/rm/2006/64434.htm |date=2006-04-12 |access-date=2019-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ambasade nshya y'Amerika yafunguwe mu 2013&lt;ref name=&quot;E25&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=United States Dedicates New U.S. Embassy in Malabo, Equatorial Guinea |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/218626.htm |website=U.S. Department of State |access-date=2019-05-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku wa 26 Nzeri 2024, yasuye Moscou ahura na Perezida Vladimir Putin&lt;ref name=&quot;E29&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea's president visits Russia for diplomatic talks |url=https://www.africanews.com/2024/09/26/equatorial-guineas-president-visits-russia-for-diplomatic-talks/ |website=Africanews |date=2024-09-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ubukungu n'umurwa mukuru mushya ===
Mu 1995, sosiyete ExxonMobil yavumbuye peteroli mu gihugu, maze Gineya Ekwatoriyale iba igihugu cya gatatu mu bihugu byo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara bicukura peteroli nyinshi, nyuma ya Nijeriya na Angola. Nubwo igihugu gifite umusaruro mbumbe ku muturage uri hejuru muri Afurika, ubukire bwacyo bugabanywa nabi cyane, ahanini buri mu maboko y'umuryango uri ku butegetsi&lt;ref name=&quot;E34&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Osmund Agbo |title=Teodoro Obiang Mbasogo: Resource curse and an African despot |url=https://www.premiumtimesng.com/opinion/503442-teodoro-obiang-mbasogo-resource-curse-and-african-despot-by-osmund-agbo.html |website=Premium Times |date=2021-12-31 |access-date=2023-08-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nk'uko ''Forbes'' ibivuga, Obiang afite umutungo wa miliyoni 600 z'amadolari&lt;ref name=&quot;E58&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Fortunes of Kings, Queens And Dictators |url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/05/03/cz_forbes_0522_royals_slide_8.html |website=Forbes |access-date=2026-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171029180012/https://www.forbes.com/2006/05/03/cz_forbes_0522_royals_slide_8.html |archive-date=2017-10-29 |url-status=bot: unknown}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Mu 2012, yategetse kubaka umujyi mushya, Ciudad de la Paz (wahoze witwa Oyala), ku mugabane, kugira ngo usimbure Malabo ku mwanya w'umurwa mukuru&lt;ref name=&quot;E35&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |author=Jacey Fortin |title=A Dazzling Capital City Rises Amid Poverty In Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.ibtimes.com/poverty-stricken-equatorial-guinea-builds-expensive-capital-city-middle-nowhere-949224 |website=International Business Times |date=2012-12-19 |access-date=2024-10-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku wa 2 Mutarama 2026, yasinye iteka rigira Ciudad de la Paz umurwa mukuru ku mugaragaro&lt;ref name=&quot;E41&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=es |title=Decreto Ley por el que se declara la Ciudad de la Paz, Djibloho, capital de la República de Guinea Ecuatorial |url=https://www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/noticias/decreto_ley_por_el_que_se_declara_la_ciudad_de_la_paz_djibloho_capital_de_la_republica_de_guinea_ecuatorial |website=Guinea Ecuatorial |access-date=2026-01-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Impaka ==
=== Uburenganzira bwa muntu ===
Mu 2006, yasinye iteka ribuza iyicarubozo, ariko imiryango nka Human Rights Watch na Amnesty International ikomeza kugaragaza iyicarubozo, gukubitwa, impfu zidasobanuwe n'ifungwa rinyuranyije n'amategeko mu magereza&lt;ref name=&quot;E42&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Organizational Reform &amp; Institutional Capacity-Building |url=http://www.mpri.com/esite/index.php/content/services/organizational_reform_amp_institutional_capacity_building/ |website=MPRI |access-date=2013-05-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090802044807/http://www.mpri.com/esite/index.php/content/services/organizational_reform_amp_institutional_capacity_building/ |archive-date=2009-08-02 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E43&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/region/equatorial-guinea/report-2009 |website=Amnesty International |access-date=2013-05-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Freedom House yamwise umwe mu banyagitugu &quot;biba umutungo w'igihugu kurusha abandi&quot; bakiriho&lt;ref name=&quot;E45&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea: Ignorance worth fistfuls of dollars. |url=https://freedomhouse.org/blog/equatorial-guinea-ignorance-worth-fistfuls-dollars |website=Freedom House |date=2012-06-13 |access-date=2017-01-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120623093439/https://freedomhouse.org/blog/equatorial-guinea-ignorance-worth-fistfuls-dollars |archive-date=2012-06-23 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Muri Nyakanga 2003, radiyo ya Leta yamwise &quot;Imana y'igihugu&quot; ifite &quot;ububasha bwose ku bantu n'ibintu&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;E49&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Equatorial Guinea's 'God' |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/3098007.stm |website=BBC |date=2003-07-26 |access-date=2007-11-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Mu 2024, ubutegetsi bwe bwahashye imyigaragambyo ku kirwa cya Annobón, buhagarika itumanaho na interineti kuri icyo kirwa.

=== Ruswa n'imitungo y'inyerezo ===
Ikinyamakuru ''Los Angeles Times'' cyagaragaje ko amasosiyete akomeye y'Abanyamerika acukura peteroli yishyuraga amafaranga kuri konti igenzurwa na Perezida muri banki ya Riggs i Washington. Mu Bufaransa, mu rubanza ruzwi nka &quot;biens mal acquis&quot;, ubucamanza bwafatiriye ibintu mu nzu y'umuryango we iri ku muhanda wa Avenue Foch i Paris, ifite agaciro ka miliyoni 100 z'amayero&lt;ref name=&quot;F8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Biens mal acquis : saisie record chez Teodoro Obiang |url=https://www.liberation.fr/planete/2012/02/24/biens-mal-acquis-saisie-record-chez-teodoro-obiang_798527/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |author=Adam Whitnall |title=The brutal central African dictator whose playboy son faces French corruption trial |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/teodoro-obiang-nguema-mbasogo-equatorial-guinea-french-corruption-trial-a7238501.html |website=The Independent}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Muri Nyakanga 2021, umuhungu we Teodorín yakatiwe igifungo cy'imyaka itatu gisubitse n'ihazabu ya miliyoni 30 z'amayero&lt;ref name=&quot;F11&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Restitution des biens mal acquis : une première pour des crédits prévus dans le budget français |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2023/11/10/restitution-des-biens-mal-acquis-une-premiere-pour-des-credits-prevus-dans-le-budget-francais_6199333_3212.html |website=Le Monde et AFP}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Muri Gicurasi 2009, ubushinjacyaha bwa Esipanye bushinzwe kurwanya ruswa bwasabye iperereza ku iyezandonke ku makonti ye muri Esipanye&lt;ref name=&quot;F10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |author=Mia Laporte |title=Angola Press |url=http://www.portalangop.co.ao/motix/fr_fr/noticias/africa/parquet-espagnol-pour-une-enquete-sur-les-comptes-president-Obiang,c658bf06-30c7-4f32-a388-aa01cadb69ad.html |website=portalangop.co.ao}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Aho byavuye ==
{{Reflist}}

== Imiyoboro yo hanze ==
{{Commonscat|Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo}}

[[Category:Abagabo]]
[[Category:Abaperezida]]
[[Category:Abanyapolitiki]]
[[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]]
[[Category:Gineya Ekwatoriyale]]</text>
      <sha1>ncaabuoi3f93rs9uhipt1p81v89sb5r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Roch Marc Christian Kaboré</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23233</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141406</id>
      <parentid>140799</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:00:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>InternetArchiveBot</username>
        <id>9716</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6</comment>
      <origin>141406</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18226" sha1="krw2fdyf3gav8zve871r4dn97jw017g" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox person
| name = Roch Marc Christian Kaboré
| image = Roch Marc Christian Kaboré (04-06-2018).jpg
| image_size = 220px
| caption = Roch Marc Christian Kaboré mu 2018
| birth_date = 25 Mata 1957
| birth_place = [[Ouagadougou]], Volta ya Ruguru (ubu ni [[Burukina Faso]])
| nationality = Umunyaburukina
| alma_mater = Kaminuza ya Dijon
| occupation = Umucungamari w'amabanki, umunyapolitiki
| title = Perezida wa [[Burukina Faso]]
| term = 29 Ukuboza 2015 – 24 Mutarama 2022
| predecessor = Michel Kafando
| party = Mouvement du peuple pour le progrès (MPP)
| spouse = Sika Bella Kaboré
| children = 3
}}
'''Roch Marc Christian Kaboré''' (yavutse ku ya 25 Mata 1957 i [[Ouagadougou]]) ni umucungamari w'amabanki akaba n'umunyapolitiki w'Umunyaburukina, wabaye Perezida wa [[Burukina Faso]] kuva ku ya 29 Ukuboza 2015 kugeza ahiritswe n'igisirikare ku ya 24 Mutarama 2022. Yize ubukungu mu Bufaransa, ayobora banki ya Banque internationale du Burkina (BIB), hanyuma aba minisitiri inshuro nyinshi ku butegetsi bwa Blaise Compaoré. Yabaye Minisitiri w'Intebe kuva mu 1994 kugeza mu 1996, mu gihe cy'igabanywa ry'agaciro k'ifaranga rya CFA, hanyuma aba Perezida w'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko kuva mu 2002 kugeza mu 2012. Mu 2014, yavuye mu ishyaka rya Compaoré, ashinga ishyaka rya Mouvement du peuple pour le progrès (MPP). Yatsinze amatora ya perezida ya 2015 ku cyiciro cya mbere, aba perezida wa mbere mu myaka 49 utari ufitanye isano n'igisirikare, yongera gutorwa mu 2020. Ubutegetsi bwe bwaranzwe n'ibitero by'imitwe y'iterabwoba, maze muri Mutarama 2022 ahirikwa na kudeta iyobowe na Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba.

== Ubuzima bwe bwa mbere n'amashuri ==
Kaboré yavukiye i Ouagadougou, mu muryango w'Abamosi b'Abakristo Gatolika. Se, Charles Bila Kaboré &lt;ref name=&quot;F1&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Kaboré : &quot;mettons nous au travail&quot; |url=http://www.bbc.com/afrique/region/2015/12/151201_profile_roch |website=BBC News Afrique}}&lt;/ref&gt;, yari umwarimu waje kuba Minisitiri w'Imari n'uw'Ubuzima ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Maurice Yaméogo, hanyuma visi-guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y'Ibihugu bya Afurika y'Iburengerazuba (BCEAO) &lt;ref name=&quot;E7&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Roch Marc Christian Kaboré |website=AllAfrica |url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201512041786.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yize amashuri yisumbuye mu ishuri rya Saint-Jean-Baptiste-de-la-Salle i Ouagadougou, kuva mu 1968 kugeza mu 1975. Yize ubukungu muri Kaminuza ya Dijon, mu [[Ubufaransa]], ahabona impamyabumenyi y'icyiciro cya kabiri mu 1979 n'iy'icyiciro cya gatatu mu micungire mu 1980 &lt;ref name=&quot;E5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Roch Marc Christian Kaboré |website=Assemblée nationale du Burkina Faso |url=http://www.an.bf/SiteAn/president/biographie.html |access-date=2026-10-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080628092420/http://www.an.bf/SiteAn/president/biographie.html |archive-date=2008-06-28 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Muri icyo gihe, yari umuyoboke w'ihuriro ry'abanyeshuri b'Abirabura b'Abanyafurika mu Bufaransa (FEANF).

== Umwuga mu mabanki na politiki ==
Agarutse mu gihugu, mu gihe cy'impinduramatwara ya [[Thomas Sankara]], Kaboré yari umuyoboke w'umutwe wa politiki w'ibumoso, ULC-R. Mu 1984, afite imyaka 27, yagizwe umuyobozi mukuru wa Banque internationale du Burkina (BIB), imwe mu banki nkuru z'igihugu, kugeza muri Nzeri 1989 &lt;ref name=&quot;E7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E8&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Roch Marc Christian Kaboré  |website=Petite Académie du Burkina Faso |url=http://www.petiteacademie.gov.bf/Personnalite/Personnalite.asp?CodePersonnalite=249 |access-date=2018-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Muri uwo mwaka, Perezida Blaise Compaoré yamugize Minisitiri w'Ubwikorezi n'Itumanaho &lt;ref name=&quot;F2&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina : ce qu’il faut savoir sur Roch Marc Christian Kaboré |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/282904/politique/burkina-quil-faut-savoir-roch-marc-christian-kabore/ |website=Jeune Afrique}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Mu 1992, yatorewe kuba umudepite uhagarariye intara ya Kadiogo, hanyuma aba Minisitiri w'Imari n'Igenamigambi kuva mu 1992 kugeza mu 1993 &lt;ref name=&quot;E11&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Ministre |url=https://www.finances.gov.bf/ministere/ministre  |website=Ministère de l'Économie et des Finances du Burkina Faso |date=2019-05-18 |access-date=2020-08-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ku ya 20 Werurwe 1994, nyuma y'igabanywa ry'agaciro k'ifaranga rya CFA ryateje izamuka rikabije ry'ibiciro, Compaoré yamugize Minisitiri w'Intebe. Muri Gashyantare 1996, ubwo ishyaka rishya rya Congrès pour la démocratie et le progrès (CDP) ryashingwaga, yeguye ku mwanya wa Minisitiri w'Intebe, aba visi-perezida wa mbere w'iryo shyaka n'umujyanama wihariye wa perezida &lt;ref name=&quot;E9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Roch Marc Christian Kaboré |website=Africatime |url=http://www.africatime.com/burkina/nouvelle.asp?no_nouvelle=21588&amp;no_categorie |access-date=2018-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku ya 6 Kamena 2002, yatorewe kuyobora Inteko Ishinga Amategeko, asimbura Mélégué Traoré &lt;ref name=&quot;E10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Rapport de la mission d'observation de l'élection présidentielle du 13 novembre 2005 |url=http://democratie.francophonie.org/IMG/pdf/BURKINA_RMO13112005.pdf |website=Organisation internationale de la Francophonie}}&lt;/ref&gt;, kandi yongera gutorerwa uwo mwanya mu 2007 &lt;ref name=&quot;E12&quot;&gt;{{cite web  |title=List of candidates elected to the National Assembly in 2007  |website=Assemblée nationale du Burkina Faso  |url=http://www.an.bf/SiteAn/afficher.jsp?code=140  |access-date=2026-10-04  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070810101731/http://www.an.bf/SiteAn/afficher.jsp?code=140  |archive-date=2007-08-10  |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Muri Kanama 2003, yabaye perezida wa CDP.

=== Kuva muri CDP no gushinga MPP ===
Mu ntangiriro z'imyaka ya 2010, Kaboré yagiye ashyirwa ku ruhande muri CDP &lt;ref name=&quot;F4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |author=Rédaction B24 |title=10 infos sur un candidat : Roch Marc Christian Kaboré.  |website=Burkina 24 |url=https://burkina24.com/2020/11/04/10-infos-sur-un-candidat-roch-marc-christian-kabore/}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F5&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |author=Guy Sana |title=Assimi Kouanda meurt en exil : Le meilleur islamologue du Burkina « tué » par la politique |url=https://lefaso.net/spip.php?article105181 |website=Lefaso.net}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku ya 6 Mutarama 2014, we n'abandi bayobozi bakomeye b'ishyaka, Simon Compaoré na Salif Diallo, beguye muri CDP, bamagana imiyoborere idaha abandi ijambo n'umugambi wo guhindura Itegeko Nshinga kugira ngo Blaise Compaoré ashobore kongera kwiyamamaza mu 2015 &lt;ref name=&quot;F6&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |author=Christophe Boisbouvier |title=Roch Marc Christian Kaboré : «Une seule personne ne peut pas penser définitivement un pays» |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140108-burkina-faso-considerons-personne-penser-definitivement-pays-kabore-cdp-constitution |website=RFI |access-date=2015-12-02}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E13&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Burkina: vague de démissions au sein du parti de Compaoré  |website=AFP |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5i1g-5bKZWfeuMZjLsGjv9YJ-sIcA?docId=4e74958d-80ee-4bd4-b9b7-79784f3716fa&amp;hl=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku ya 25 Mutarama 2014, bashinze ishyaka rya Mouvement du peuple pour le progrès (MPP), riyoborwa na Kaboré &lt;ref name=&quot;F7&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le premier meeting du nouveau parti MPP à Bobo Dioulasso |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20140301-burkina-faso-le-premier-meeting-nouveau-parti-mpp-bobo-dioulasso-salif-diallo-roch-march-christian-kabore/ |website=RFI |access-date=2016-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E14&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Roch Marc Christian Kaboré à la tête d'un nouveau parti d'opposition |website=Jeune Afrique |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/ARTJAWEB20140126155330/salif-diallo-simon-compaore-congres-pour-la-democratie-et-le-progres-mouvement-du-peuple-burkina-faso-roch-marc-christian-kabore-a-la-tete-d-un-nouveau-parti-d-opposition.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2014, imyigaragambyo y'abaturage yahiritse Blaise Compaoré.

== Perezida wa Burukina Faso ==
Mu matora ya perezida yo ku ya 29 Ugushyingo 2015, Kaboré yatsinze ku cyiciro cya mbere n'amajwi 53,49%, imbere ya Zéphirin Diabré &lt;ref name=&quot;F9&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Kaboré élu président du Burkina Faso dès le premier tour |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20151201-kabore-elu-president-burkina-faso-premier-tour%20« |website=RFI |date=2015-12-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E18&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Kabore wins Burkina Faso presidential election |website=Yahoo! News |url=https://news.yahoo.com/kabore-wins-burkina-faso-presidential-vote-electoral-commission-003634457.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yarahiriye kuba Perezida ku ya 29 Ukuboza 2015, asimbura Michel Kafando wari perezida w'inzibacyuho &lt;ref name=&quot;F10&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Roch Marc Christian Kaboré prend les rênes du Burkina Faso |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20151229-roch-marc-christian-kabore-prend-renes-burkina-faso |website=RFI |access-date=2015-12-29}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E19&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Burkina Faso swears in new president, capping transition |website=Yahoo! News |url=https://news.yahoo.com/burkina-faso-swears-president-capping-transition-161614791.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yagize Paul Kaba Thiéba Minisitiri w'Intebe &lt;ref name=&quot;F14&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Paul Kaba Thieba nommé au poste de Premier Ministre |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20160107-burkina-faso-paul-kaba-thieba-est-nomme-poste-premier-ministre |website=RFI |access-date=2016-01-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E20&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Burkina Faso's president names economist as prime minister |website=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-burkina-politics-idUSKBN0UL0PC20160107}}&lt;/ref&gt;, ndetse afata n'inshingano za Minisitiri w'Ingabo kugeza mu 2017 &lt;ref name=&quot;E21&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Burkina Faso president takes defence portfolio in new cabinet |website=Yahoo! News |url=https://news.yahoo.com/burkina-faso-president-takes-defence-portfolio-cabinet-154652280.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E22&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Burkina Faso president steps down from defence portfolio |website=Africanews |url=http://www.africanews.com/2017/02/21/burkina-faso-president-names-steps-down-from-defence-portfolio/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

Ibyumweru bibiri nyuma yo kurahira, ku ya 15 Mutarama 2016, igitero cy'iterabwoba cyagabwe kuri resitora na hoteli i Ouagadougou, cyigambwe n'umutwe wa Al-Qaïda mu Majyaruguru ya Afurika (AQMI), gihitana abantu mirongo itatu &lt;ref name=&quot;F16&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Attaque de Ouagadougou: la faiblesse du renseignement en question? |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20160118-burkina-attaque-ouagadougou-faiblesse-renseignement-question-compaore |website=RFI |date=2016 |access-date=2017-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ibindi bitero byakurikiyeho mu majyaruguru y'igihugu, hafi y'imipaka na [[Mali]] na [[Nigeri]] &lt;ref name=&quot;F17&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: deux morts après l’attaque d’un poste de douane dans le Nord |url=http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20160902-burkina-faso-deux-morts-apres-attaque-poste-douane-le-nord |website=RFI |date=2016 |access-date=2017-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F18&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Attaque de Ouagadougou : qui sont les véritables commanditaires ? Par Leslie Varenne |url=http://www.ivoirebusiness.net/articles/attaque-de-ouagadougou-qui-sont-les-v%C3%A9ritables-commanditaires-par-leslie-varenne |website=Ivoirebusiness |date=2016-01-20 |access-date=2017-01-31 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170810051025/http://www.ivoirebusiness.net/articles/attaque-de-ouagadougou-qui-sont-les-v%C3%A9ritables-commanditaires-par-leslie-varenne |archive-date=2017-08-10 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Guverinoma ye yashyizeho ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubutasi, kandi Burukina Faso ifatanya n'ibihugu by'akarere mu itsinda rya G5 Sahel &lt;ref name=&quot;F19&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina : objectif juin 2017 pour l'Agence nationale de renseignement |url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/mag/336844/politique/burkina-objectif-juin-2017-lagence-nationale-de-renseignement/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2016-07-01 |access-date=2017-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F20&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : le bilan des cent jours de Roch Kaboré |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/afrique/article/2016/04/06/burkina-faso-le-bilan-des-cent-jours-de-roch-kabore_4896633_3212.html |website=Le Monde |date=2016-04-06 |access-date=2017-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Muri Mutarama 2019, Minisitiri w'Intebe Thiéba yeguye, asimburwa na Christophe Dabiré &lt;ref name=&quot;F15&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : l’économiste Christophe Dabiré nommé Premier ministre |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/712238/politique/burkina-faso-christophe-dabire-nomme-premier-ministre/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2019-01-21 |access-date=2019-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 2020, Kaboré yongeye gutorwa ku cyiciro cya mbere n'amajwi 57,87% &lt;ref name=&quot;E24&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |author=AFP-Agence France Presse |title=Burkina President Vows Push For Security At Inauguration |url=https://www.barrons.com/news/burkina-president-vows-push-for-security-at-inauguration-01609173303 |website=Barron's |date=2020-12-28 |access-date=2021-01-06}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

=== Ihirikwa ry'ubutegetsi ===
Ku ya 14 Ugushyingo 2021, abarwanyi b'imitwe ya kisilamu bateye ikigo cya gisirikare cya Inata, bica abasirikare 53 n'abasivili 4; ibyo byateje imyigaragambyo isaba ko Kaboré yegura, kubera ko ubutegetsi bwe bwananiwe kurinda abaturage &lt;ref name=&quot;F64&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: le président rejette le rapport d’enquête de l’armée sur le drame d’Inata |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20211207-burkina-le-pr%C3%A9sident-rejette-le-rapport-d-enqu%C3%AAte-de-l-arm%C3%A9e-sur-le-drame-d-inata |website=RFI}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F65&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |author=Nadoun Coulibaly |title=Burkina Faso : la grogne monte contre Roch Marc Christian Kaboré |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1267471/politique/burkina-faso-la-grogne-monte-contre-roch-marc-christian-kabore/ |website=Jeune Afrique}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Ku ya 23 Mutarama 2022, abasirikare bigometse, maze bukeye Kaboré afatwa, ahirikwa ku butegetsi, Itegeko Nshinga rihagarikwa, maze Liyetona-Koloneli Paul-Henri Sandaogo Damiba aba umukuru w'igihugu &lt;ref name=&quot;F69&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ce que l'on sait de la tentative de coup d'Etat au Burkina Faso |url=https://www.francetvinfo.fr/monde/afrique/societe-africaine/ce-que-l-on-sait-de-la-tentative-de-coup-d-etat-au-burkina-faso_4927939.html |website=Franceinfo |date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F70&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso: des militaires annoncent à la télévision nationale la destitution du président Kaboré |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20220124-burkina-faso-mutineries-arrestation-kabore-coup-etat-rumeurs |website=RFI |date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E3&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |title=Burkina Faso army says it has deposed President Kabore |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/24/burkina-faso-army-says-it-has-deposed-president-kabore |website=Al Jazeera |access-date=2022-01-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E4&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |title=Burkina Faso military says it has seized power |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60118993 |website=BBC News |date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Umutwe wa gisirikare wakoze kudeta watangaje ibaruwa yanditswe n'intoki n'uwahoze ari perezida, yegura « ku bw'inyungu z'igihugu » &lt;ref name=&quot;E25&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |author=Anne Mimault And Thiam Ndiaga |title=Burkina Faso crowd celebrates West Africa's latest coup |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-crowd-celebrates-west-africas-latest-coup-2022-01-25/ |website=Reuters |date=2022-01-25 |access-date=2022-01-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Nk'uko Perezida wa Kote Divuwari, [[Alassane Ouattara]], abivuga, Kaboré yahisemo kwegura kugira ngo yirinde imirwano hagati y'abasirikare &lt;ref name=&quot;F74&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Ouattara pour un accompagnement du Burkina dans sa lutte contre le terrorisme |url=https://www.rfi.fr/fr/afrique/20220130-ouattara-pour-un-accompagnement-du-burkina-dans-sa-lutte-contre-le-terrorisme |website=RFI |date=2022-01-30 |access-date=2022-01-31}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;F75&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |title=Burkina Faso : Roch Marc Christian Kaboré, un président lassé du pouvoir |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1307929/politique/burkina-faso-roch-marc-christian-kabore-un-president-lasse-du-pouvoir/ |website=Jeune Afrique |access-date=2022-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;. Yabanje gufungirwa mu kigo cya gisirikare, hanyuma iwe &lt;ref name=&quot;E26&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Burkina Faso president reportedly detained by military |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-60109234 |website=BBC News |date=2022-01-24 |access-date=2022-01-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E27&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=en |title=Former ruling party demands release of Kabore from house arrest |url=https://www.africanews.com/2022/02/24/former-ruling-party-demands-release-of-kabore-from-house-arrest/ |website=Africanews |date=2022-02-24 |access-date=2022-02-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;; nyuma y'igitutu cya CEDEAO, yararekuwe muri Mata 2022 &lt;ref name=&quot;F77&quot;&gt;{{cite web |language=fr |author=Benjamin Roger |title=Burkina Faso : Roch Marc Christian Kaboré a été libéré |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/1336839/politique/burkina-faso-roch-marc-christian-kabore-libere/ |website=Jeune Afrique}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;E29&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Burkina Faso ex-President Roch Kabore allowed out of detention |website=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/burkina-faso-ex-president-roch-kabore-allowed-out-detention-2022-04-06/}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Ubuzima bwite ==
Kaboré yashakanye na Sika Bella Kaboré, bamenyaniye mu Bufaransa ari abanyeshuri; bashyingiranwe mu 1982, bafitanye abana batatu &lt;ref name=&quot;E6&quot;&gt;{{cite web |author=Benjamin Roger |title=Burkina : qui est Sika Bella Kaboré, la nouvelle première dame du Faso? |url=https://www.jeuneafrique.com/285693/politique/burkina-sika-bella-kabore-nouvelle-premiere-dame-faso/ |website=Jeune Afrique |date=2015-12-09 |access-date=2019-01-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;.

== Amashakiro ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Abagabo]]
[[Category:Abaperezida]]
[[Category:Abanyapolitiki]]
[[Category:Abantu bakiriho muri Afurika]]
[[Category:Burukina Faso]]</text>
      <sha1>krw2fdyf3gav8zve871r4dn97jw017g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tirzepatide</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23346</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141473</id>
      <parentid>141176</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:27:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141473</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4614" sha1="dgpcrsbmiv7wj47v94wd6956f54m1m3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Tirzepatide
| image = Tirzepatide structure.svg
| tradename = Mounjaro, Zepbound
| MedlinePlus = a622044
| routes_of_administration = Urushinge munsi y'uruhu
| ATC_prefix = A10
| ATC_suffix = BX16
| CAS_number = 2023788-19-2
| PubChem = 166567236
| DrugBank = DB15171
| UNII = OYN3CCI6QE
| KEGG = D11360
| ChEMBL = 4297839
| C=225 | H=348 | N=48 | O=68
}}
'''Tirzepatide''', igurishwa ku mazina ya '''Mounjaro''' na '''Zepbound''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 n'umubyibuho ukabije, hamwe n'imirire n'imyitozo ngororamubiri.

Utangwa binyuze mu rushinge munsi y'uruhu rimwe mu cyumweru.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Lilly mounjaro KwikPen Tirzepatid 5 mg per dose rate-9442.jpg|thumb|Tirzepatide]]
Tirzepatide, igurishwa ku izina rya Mounjaro na Zepbound, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2 n'umubyibuho ukabije.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mounjaro- tirzepatide injection, solution|website=DailyMed|date=13 May 2022|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d2d7da5d-ad07-4228-955f-cf7e355c8cc0|access-date=27 May 2022|archive-date=3 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703054225/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=d2d7da5d-ad07-4228-955f-cf7e355c8cc0|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jas2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Jastreboff|first=Ania M.|last2=Aronne|first2=Louis J.|last3=Ahmad|first3=Nadia N.|last4=Wharton|first4=Sean|last5=Connery|first5=Lisa|last6=Alves|first6=Breno|last7=Kiyosue|first7=Arihiro|last8=Zhang|first8=Shuyu|last9=Liu|first9=Bing|last10=Bunck|first10=Mathijs C.|last11=Stefanski|first11=Adam|date=2022-07-21|title=Tirzepatide Once Weekly for the Treatment of Obesity|url=http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|language=en|volume=387|issue=3|pages=205–216|doi=10.1056/NEJMoa2206038|issn=0028-4793|access-date=2023-05-07|archive-date=2023-05-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230506234503/https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2206038|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa hamwe n'imirire n'imyitozo ngororamubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot; /&gt; Itangwa binyuze mu gutera [[urushinge]] munsi y'uruhu buri cyumweru.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo isesemi, [[impiswi]], impatwe, no kubabara mu nda.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot; /&gt; Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo pancreatitis, gastroparesis, [[isukari]] nke mu maraso, ingaruka z'ubwivumbure, n'indwara y'agasabo k'inkari.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CF2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Cheung|first=Kim Ann|title=#392 Mission Slimpossible, Part 3: Tirzepatide for weight loss – CFPCLearn|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp392/|access-date=25 June 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gukoresha iyo ndwara mu gihe utwite bishobora kwangiza umwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot; /&gt; Ni peptide-1 imeze nka glucagon (GLP-1) kandi ikaba ikora ku buryo glucose idakoresha glucose kandi yongera irekurwa rya insuline mu biribwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EPAR2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mounjaro|url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mounjaro|access-date=12 December 2022|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212220255/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/mounjaro|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Tirzepatide yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], i Burayi, n'Ubwongereza mu 2022.&lt;ref name=&quot;PI2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;EPAR2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tirzepatide|url=https://www.sps.nhs.uk/medicines/tirzepatide/|website=SPS - Specialist Pharmacy Service|access-date=12 December 2022|date=8 March 2019|archive-date=12 December 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221212220255/https://www.sps.nhs.uk/medicines/tirzepatide/|url-status=deviated}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigura hafi 1.000 USD mu byumweru 4 kugeza mu 2022.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Mounjaro Prices, Coupons, Copay &amp; Patient Assistance|url=https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/mounjaro|website=Drugs.com|access-date=12 December 2022|language=en|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115035617/https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/mounjaro|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Semaglutide]]
* [[Metformin]]
* [[Dapagliflozin]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Tirzepatide |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a622044.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>dgpcrsbmiv7wj47v94wd6956f54m1m3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara y'ibihaha idakira</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23347</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141474</id>
      <parentid>141178</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:32:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141474</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14027" sha1="acykhqntfyow4v20oppbp4em4kx2f3r" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Indwara y'ibihaha idakira
| synonyms = ''Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease'' (COPD), BPCO
| image = Copd versus healthy lung.jpg
| caption = Igihaha kizima (ibumoso) n'igihaha gifite COPD (iburyo)
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ibihaha
| symptoms = Kubura umwuka, inkorora idakira, amaseru
| causes = Kunywa itabi, ihumana ry'ikirere
| diagnosis = Spirométrie
| prevention = Kureka itabi, kugabanya ihumana ry'umwuka
| treatment = Kongera ubushobozi bw'ibihaha, umwuka wa oxygène
}}
'''Indwara y'ibihaha idakira''' (''COPD'' cyangwa ''BPCO'') ni indwara y'ibihaha irangwa n'ibibazo by'ubuhumekero bimara igihe kirekire n'umwuka utembera nabi mu bihaha. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ukubura umwuka n'inkorora idakira.

Impamvu ikunze kuyitera ni ukunywa itabi; ishobora kwirindwa hagabanywa ibyago.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Indwara y'ibihaha idakira ( COPD ) ni ubwoko bw'indwara y'ibihaha idakira irangwa n'ibibazo by'ubuhumekero bw'igihe kirekire n'umwuka mubi utembera neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2017Chp1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Bourbeau J, Celli BR, Chen R, Decramer M, Fabbri LM, Frith P, Halpin DM, López Varela MV, Nishimura M, Roche N, Rodriguez-Roisin R, Sin DD, Singh D, Stockley R, Vestbo J, Wedzicha JA, Agusti A|s2cid=42027653|display-authors=6|title=Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report: GOLD Executive Summary|journal=Respirology|volume=22|issue=3|pages=575–601|date=April 2017|pmid=28150362|doi=10.1111/resp.13012|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Roversi2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Roversi|first=Sara|last2=Corbetta|first2=Lorenzo|last3=Clini|first3=Enrico|title=GOLD 2017 recommendations for COPD patients: toward a more personalized approach|date=5 May 2017|journal=COPD Research and Practice|volume=3|doi=10.1186/s40749-017-0024-y|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi birimo kubura [[umwuka]] no gukorora hamwe n'amaseru.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2017Chp1&quot; /&gt; COPD ni indwara ikomeza kwiyongera, bivuze ko ikunze kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2013Chp1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Vestbo|first=Jørgen|title=Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|work=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=187|issue=4|year=2013|publisher=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease|pages=1–7|chapter=Definition and Overview|doi=10.1164/rccm.201204-0596PP|pmid=22878278|chapter-url=http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/187/4/347.full.pdf+html|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2013-03-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130302033053/http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/content/187/4/347.full.pdf+html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Amaherezo, ibikorwa bya buri munsi nko kugenda cyangwa kwambara biragorana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Fact sheet N°315|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|website=WHO|access-date=4 March 2016|date=January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082716/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs315/en/|archive-date=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bronchitis idakira na emphysema ni amagambo ya kera akoreshwa ku bwoko butandukanye bwa COPD.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)|website=WHO|access-date=6 June 2019|quote=The more familiar terms of &quot;chronic bronchitis&quot; and &quot;emphysema&quot; have often been used as labels for this condition.|archive-date=21 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421005735/https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-(copd)|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Craig|first=John A.|title=Ferri's netter patient advisor|date=2012|publisher=Saunders|isbn=9781455728268|page=913|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=li1VCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA913|quote=Traditionally, two types of COPD were known as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Most cases of COPD are a mixture of both diseases.|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2020-12-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225063418/https://books.google.com/books?id=li1VCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA913|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)|url=https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/en/|website=WHO|access-date=5 June 2019|quote=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is not one single disease but an umbrella term used to describe chronic lung diseases that cause limitations in lung airflow. The more familiar terms 'chronic bronchitis' and 'emphysema' are no longer used, but are now included within the COPD diagnosis.|archive-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418094005/https://www.who.int/respiratory/copd/en/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ijambo &quot;bronchitis idakira&quot; riracyakoreshwa mu gusobanura inkorora ikora nibura amezi atatu buri mwaka mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2017Chp1&quot; /&gt; Abafite bene iyo nkorora baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara COPD.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gold2019p13&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease|date=2019|page=13|url=https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|access-date=1 May 2019|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194701/https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ijambo &quot;emphysema&quot; rikoreshwa kandi ku kuba hari umwuka udasanzwe cyangwa indi myuka mu ngingo.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jayne|title=Bailliere's Dictionary E-Book: for Nurses and Health Care Workers|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702075643|page=128|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rgmODwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA128|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2020-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729125506/https://books.google.com/books?id=rgmODwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA128|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ikunze kugaragara ni ukunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], aho umubare muto w’abandura uterwa n’ibintu [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|nk’ihumana ry’ikirere]] n’imiterere y’uturemangingo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|journal=Lancet|volume=379|issue=9823|pages=1341–51|date=April 2012|pmid=22314182|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9|pmc=7172377|citeseerx=10.1.1.1000.1967}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, imwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutera ihumana ry'ikirere ni umuriro ushyushya n'umuriro utetse udakoresha umwuka mwiza.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Kugaragara kuri ibi bintu bitera ububabare igihe kirekire bitera ububabare mu bihaha, bigatuma inzira z'ubuhumekero zigabanuka kandi ingingo z'ibihaha zigasenyuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J|s2cid=20863981|title=Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary|journal=American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine|volume=176|issue=6|pages=532–55|date=September 2007|pmid=17507545|doi=10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO|hdl=2066/51740|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isuzuma rishingiye ku mwuka mubi utembera nk'uko bipimwa n'ibizamini by'imikorere y'ibihaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nathell&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nathell L, Nathell M, Malmberg P, Larsson K|title=COPD diagnosis related to different guidelines and spirometry techniques|journal=Respiratory Research|volume=8|issue=1|pages=89|date=December 2007|pmid=18053200|pmc=2217523|doi=10.1186/1465-9921-8-89}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bitandukanye na asima, kugabanuka k'umwuka ntabwo birushaho kuba byiza iyo hakoreshejwe umuti ugabanya ubushyuhe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WebM2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Asthma vs. COPD: What's the Difference?|website=WebMD|date=2019-01-30|url=https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/asthma-vs-copd|access-date=2019-12-26|archive-date=2019-12-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191226050947/https://www.webmd.com/lung/copd/asthma-vs-copd|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi ==
Inshuro nyinshi zishobora kwirindwa mu kugabanya ibyago byo guhura nabyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Piro2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Pirozzi C, Scholand MB|title=Smoking cessation and environmental hygiene|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=96|issue=4|pages=849–67|date=July 2012|pmid=22793948|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2012.04.014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi birimo kutanywa itabi no kunoza ubwiza bw'umwuka wo mu nzu no hanze.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Nubwo kuvurwa bishobora kugabanya ubukana, nta muti uzwi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo guhagarika kunywa itabi, inkingo, no kuvura indwara z'ubuhumekero.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cag2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cagle|first=SD Jr|last2=Landrum|first2=LS|last3=Kennedy|first3=AM|title=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Diagnosis and Management.|journal=American family physician|date=June 2023|volume=107|issue=6|pages=604-612|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37327161/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umuti wa mbere ugabanya ububabare bw'imitsi muri rusange ni LAMA, hamwe na LABA na steroid zihumekwa zongewemo iyo bikenewe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cag2023&quot; /&gt; Hari abantu bashobora kungukirwa no kuvurwa mu buryo bw'igihe kirekire hakoreshejwe ogisijeni cyangwa guterwa ibihaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2007&quot; /&gt; Ku bantu bafite ibihe bikomeye byo kurwara, hashobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha imiti myinshi, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara, ndetse no kujya mu bitaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Dobler|first=Claudia C.|last2=Morrow|first2=Allison S.|last3=Beuschel|first3=Bradley|last4=Farah|first4=Magdoleen H.|last5=Majzoub|first5=Abdul M.|last6=Wilson|first6=Michael E.|last7=Hasan|first7=Bashar|last8=Seisa|first8=Mohamed O.|last9=Daraz|first9=Lubna|last10=Prokop|first10=Larry J.|last11=Murad|first11=M. Hassan|last12=Wang|first12=Zhen|title=Pharmacologic Therapies in Patients With Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=25 February 2020|volume=172|issue=6|pages=413–422|doi=10.7326/M19-3007|pmid=32092762}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Guhera mu 2015, COPD yibasiye abantu bagera kuri 174.5&amp;nbsp;miliyoni z'abantu (12% by'abaturage ku isi).&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gold2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Agusti|first=A|last2=Böhm|first2=M|last3=Celli|first3=B|last4=Criner|first4=GJ|last5=Garcia-Alvarez|first5=A|last6=Martinez|first6=F|last7=Sin|first7=DD|last8=Vogelmeier|first8=CF|title=GOLD COPD DOCUMENT 2023: a brief update for practicing cardiologists.|journal=Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society|date=26 May 2023|pages=1-10|doi=10.1007/s00392-023-02217-0|url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37233751/}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bibasira abantu 6% by'abantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cag2023&quot; /&gt; Ubusanzwe igaragara ku bantu barengeje imyaka 40.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Abagabo n'abagore bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Mu 2015, byateye 3.2&amp;nbsp;miliyoni z'impfu, zirenga 90% mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; zazamutse zivuye kuri 2.4&amp;nbsp;miliyoni z'abapfuye mu 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015De&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|date=October 2016|pmid=27733281|pmc=5388903|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GDB2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|date=January 2015|pmid=25530442|pmc=4340604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Biteganyijwe ko umubare w'impfu uziyongera bitewe n'umubare w'abanywa itabi uri hejuru mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, ndetse n'abaturage bakuze mu bihugu byinshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Mathers CD, Loncar D|title=Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030|journal=PLOS Medicine|volume=3|issue=11|pages=e442|date=November 2006|pmid=17132052|pmc=1664601|doi=10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442}}&lt;/ref&gt; Byatumye habaho ikiguzi cy’ubukungu cya [[Amadolari y'Amerika|$2.1 y’Amerika.]]&amp;nbsp;tiriyari mu 2010.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cost2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Lomborg|first=Bjørn|title=Global problems, local solutions : costs and benefits|year=2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-03959-9|page=143|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cRZaAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA143|access-date=2020-07-12|archive-date=2016-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160517163338/https://books.google.com/books?id=cRZaAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA143|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Igikamba]]
* [[Umusonga]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>acykhqntfyow4v20oppbp4em4kx2f3r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Polio</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23348</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141471</id>
      <parentid>141180</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:05:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141471</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7177" sha1="afw63f0w43jf6ueapf5cib8n42t24k4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Polio
| synonyms = ''Poliomyelitis''
| image = Polio lores134.jpg
| caption = Umuntu wamugajwe na polio
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi n'ubwonko, indwara zandura
| symptoms = Umuriro, kubabara mu muhogo
| complications = Imitsi icika intege igatuma umuntu amugara
| causes = Virusi ya polio yandurira mu mwanda
| risks = Isuku nke
| prevention = Urukingo rwa polio
| treatment = Nta muti uyikiza; kwita ku murwayi
}}
'''Polio''' (''poliomyelitis'') ni indwara yandura iterwa na virusi ya polio. Ku bantu bake mu bayanduye, imitsi icika intege bigatuma umuntu amugara.

Ishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe urukingo rwa polio; nta muti uyikiza uhari.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Polio, mu magambo ahinnye ya poliomyelitis, ni indwara yandura iterwa na [[virusi]] ya polio.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009&gt;{{Citation | veditors = Hamborsky J, Kroger A, Wolfe C | chapter = Poliomyelitis | title = Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (The Pink Book) | edition = 13th | at = (chap.&amp;nbsp;18) | publisher = Public Health Foundation | location = Washington DC | year = 2015 | chapter-url = https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/polio.html | url = https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/index.html | url-status = live | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161230001534/https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/index.html | archive-date = 30 December 2016 | df = dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230001534/https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/index.html |date=30 December 2016 }}.&lt;/ref&gt; Mu bantu bagera kuri 0.5 ku ijana, imitsi iracika intege bigatuma umuntu atabasha kugenda.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Ibi bishobora kubaho mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi mike.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt;  Intege nke akenshi ziba ku maguru, ariko zishobora kudakunze kuba ku mitsi yo mu mutwe, mu ijosi no mu gituza.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Abantu benshi barakira neza.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Ku bafite intege nke z'imitsi, abana bagera kuri 2 kugeza kuri 5 ku ijana na 15 kugeza kuri 30 ku ijana by'abantu bakuru barapfa.  Ku bantu bose banduye, kugeza kuri 70% by'abanduye nta bimenyetso bibaho.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Abandi 25 ku ijana bafite ibimenyetso bito nk'umuriro n'ububabare mu muhogo, naho abagera kuri 5 ku ijana bafite umutwe, kubabara ijosi ndetse no kubabara [[amaboko]] n'amaguru.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt;&lt;ref name=WHO2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Poliomyelitis Fact sheet N°114|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|website=who.int|access-date=3 November 2014|date=October 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/|archive-date=18 April 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418105535/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs114/en/ |date=18 April 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Aba bantu bakunze gusubira mu buzima busanzwe mu cyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yo gukira, indwara ya post-polio ishobora kubaho, igatera intege nke z'imitsi nk'uko umuntu yari afite mu gihe cy'ubwandu bwa mbere.

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Virusi ya polio ikunze kwandurira mu muntu inyuze mu mwanda wanduye winjira mu kanwa .  Ishobora kandi gukwirakwizwa n'ibiryo cyangwa amazi arimo umwanda w'abantu kandi idakunze gukwirakwizwa n'amacandwe yanduye.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt;  Abanduye bashobora gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bitandatu nubwo nta bimenyetso bihari.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Iyi ndwara ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusanga virusi mu mwanda cyangwa se hakaboneka ubudahangarwa bwayo mu maraso.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Iyi ndwara ibaho mu buryo busanzwe ku bantu gusa.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt;

== Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi ==
Iyi ndwara ishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe urukingo rwa polio ; icyakora, hakenewe doze nyinshi kugira ngo igire ingaruka nziza.&lt;ref name=WHO2014 /&gt; Ikigo cya Amerika gishinzwe kurwanya no gukumira indwara gitanga inama yo kongera urukingo rwa polio ku bagenzi n'abatuye mu bihugu aho iyi ndwara ibera.  Iyo umuntu yanduye nta muti wihariye ahabwa.&lt;ref name=WHO2014 /&gt; Mu 2018, hagaragaye abantu 33 barwaye polio yo mu gasozi n'abantu 104 barwaye polio ikomoka ku rukingo.  Ibi byagabanutse ugereranyije n’abantu 350.000 banduye mu 1988.  Mu 2024, indwara yo mu gasozi yakwirakwijwe mu bantu muri [[Afuganisitani]] na [[Pakisitani]] gusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;GP2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=GPEI-Wild Poliovirus count|url=https://polioeradication.org/wild-poliovirus-count/|access-date=31 January 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2024 hagaragaye abantu 98 barwaye polio yo mu gasozi n'abantu nibura 190 barwaye polio ikomoka ku rukingo.&lt;ref name=&quot;GP2025&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Indwara ya Poliomyelitis imaze imyaka ibihumbi ibaho, igaragazwa n'ubuhanzi bwa kera.  Iyi ndwara yamenyekanye bwa mbere nk'indwara yihariye n'umuganga w'Umwongereza Michael Underwood mu 1789.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Virusi iyitera yamenyekanye bwa mbere mu 1908 n'inzobere mu by'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri yo muri Otirishiya Karl Landsteiner n'umufasha we, Erwin Popper.&lt;ref name=&quot;Daniel1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Daniel|first=Thomas M.|last2=Robbins|first2=Frederick C.|editor-last=Daniel|editor-first=Thomas M.|editor-last2=Robbins|editor-first2=Frederick C.|title=Polio|date=1997|publisher=University of Rochester Press|location=Rochester, N.Y.|isbn=1-878822-90-X|page=11|edition=1st|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BTQKnkpN6qQC&amp;pg=PA11|chapter=1. A history of poliomyelitis}}&lt;/ref&gt; Icyorezo gikomeye cyatangiye kugaragara mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 mu Burayi no muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.&lt;ref name=PinkBook2009 /&gt; Mu kinyejana cya 20, yabaye imwe mu ndwara zihangayikishije abana cyane muri utwo duce.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wheeler&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Downes|first=John J.|editor-last=Wheeler|editor-first=Derek S.|editor-last2=Wong|editor-first2=Hector R.|editor-first3=Thomas P.|editor-last3=Shanley|title=Science and practice of pediatric critical care medicine|date=2009|publisher=Springer|location=London|isbn=978-1-84800-920-2|chapter=1. Development of pediatric critical care medicine- how did we get here and why?|pages=10–11|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3p7jezlQ0zgC&amp;pg=PA11}}&lt;/ref&gt; Urukingo rwa mbere rwa polio rwakozwe mu myaka ya 1950 na Jonas Salk, hanyuma nyuma gato, Albert Sabin akora urukingo rwo kunywa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jong2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Helfrich|first=Alison M.|last2=Tajnik|first2=Michael|editor-last=Jong|editor-first=Elaine C.|editor-last2=Stevens|editor-first2=Dennis L.|title=Netter's Infectious Diseases|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-71159-3|pages=29-33|edition=2nd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA29|language=en|chapter=7. Poliomyelitis (polio) and polio viruses|access-date=25 September 2023|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020154446/https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA29#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Virusi]]
* [[Ubumuga]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>afw63f0w43jf6ueapf5cib8n42t24k4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pancreatite</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23349</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141470</id>
      <parentid>141182</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:05:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141470</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7931" sha1="7ac8yvb64lfnnd6825l1u26m2hilky4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Pancreatite
| synonyms = ''Pancreatitis''
| image = 3D Medical Animation Acute Pancreatitis.jpg
| caption = Pancreas yabyimbye
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'igifu n'amara, kubaga rusange
| symptoms = Kubabara mu nda hejuru, isesemi, kuruka, umuriro
| complications = Ubwandu, kuva amaraso, diyabete
| causes = Utubuye two mu ruhago rw'indurwe, kunywa inzoga nyinshi
| risks = Kunywa itabi
| treatment = Amazi anyuzwa mu mitsi, imiti igabanya ububabare, antibiyotike
}}
'''Pancreatite''' (''pancreatitis'') ni indwara irangwa no kubyimba kwa pancreas, urugingo ruri inyuma y'igifu rukora imisemburo y'igogora n'indi misemburo.

Impamvu zikunze kuyitera ni utubuye two mu ruhago rw'indurwe no kunywa inzoga nyinshi.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Pancreatite ni indwara irangwa no kubyimba kwa pancreas.&lt;ref name=NID2012&gt;{{cite web|title=Pancreatitis|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|website=niddk.nih.gov|access-date=1 March 2015|date=August 16, 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307095945/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=7 March 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307095945/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/pancreatitis/Pages/facts.aspx |date=7 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Pancreas ni urugingo runini ruri inyuma y'igifu rukora imisemburo ikora igogora n'imisemburo myinshi.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi: pancreatitis ikaze, na pancreatitis idakira.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Ibimenyetso by'indwara ya pancreatitis birimo kubabara mu nda yo hejuru, isesemi no [[kuruka]].&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Ububabare bukunze kujya mu mugongo kandi akenshi buba bukomeye.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Mu ndwara ya pancreatitis ikabije, umuriro ushobora kugaragara, kandi ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu minsi mike.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Mu gihe cy’indwara ya pancreatitis idakira, umuntu ashobora kugabanya ibiro bitewe n’ibinure, ndetse no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gastroenterology2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Witt|first=Heiko|title=Chronic pancreatitis: challenges and advances in pathogenesis, genetics, diagnosis, and therapy|journal=Gastroenterology|date=April 2007|volume=132|issue=4|pages=1557-1573|pmid=17466744|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2007.03.001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo kwandura, kuva [[amaraso]], diyabete, cyangwa ibibazo by'izindi ngingo.

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ebyiri zikunze gutera pancreatitis ikabije ni imisemburo y’induru ifunga umuyoboro w’induru usanzwe nyuma y’uko umuyoboro w’induru winjiye; hamwe no kunywa [[inzoga]] nyinshi.  Izindi mpamvu zirimo gukomereka mu buryo butaziguye, imiti imwe n'imwe, indwara nka mumps, na [[kanseri]].&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Pancreatitis idakira ishobora kugaragara bitewe na pancreatitis ikabije.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Akenshi biterwa no kunywa inzoga nyinshi imyaka myinshi.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Izindi mpamvu zirimo [[ibinure]] byinshi mu maraso, kalisiyumu nyinshi mu maraso, imiti imwe n'imwe, hamwe n'indwara zimwe na zimwe za genetiki, nka cystic fibrosis, n'izindi.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]] byongera ibyago byo kurwara pancreatitis ikabije n'iy'igihe kirekire.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Lankisch|first=PG|last2=Apte|first2=M|last3=Banks|first3=PA|title=Acute pancreatitis|journal=Lancet|date=20 January 2015|pmid=25616312|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60649-8|volume=386|issue=9988|pages=85–96}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Yad2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Yadav|first=D|last2=Lowenfels|first2=AB|title=The epidemiology of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer.|journal=Gastroenterology|date=June 2013|volume=144|issue=6|pages=1252–61|pmid=23622135|doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2013.01.068|pmc=3662544}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gusuzuma pancreatitis ikabije bishingiye ku kwiyongera gutatu mu maraso ya amylase cyangwa lipase.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Mu ndwara ya pancreatitis idakira, ibi bizamini bishobora kuba bisanzwe.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Gufata amashusho nk'imashini zipima ikoranabuhanga (ultrasound) na CT scan nabyo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Pancreatitis ikabije ikunze kuvurwa n'amazi yo mu mitsi, imiti igabanya ububabare, ndetse rimwe na rimwe n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara .  Ubusanzwe kurya no kunywa ntibyemewe, kandi umuyoboro wa nasogastric ushyirwa mu gifu.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Uburyo buzwi nka endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) bushobora gukorwa kugira ngo hasuzumwe umuyoboro wa distal common bile no gukuraho ibuye ry’agakoko mu gihe rihari.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Ku bafite utubuye tw’agasabo, akenshi nabyo birakurwa.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Mu ndwara ya pancreatitis idakira, uretse ibyavuzwe haruguru, kugaburira by'agateganyo binyuze mu muyoboro wa nasogastric bishobora gukoreshwa kugira ngo haboneke intungamubiri zihagije.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Guhindura imirire igihe kirekire no gusimbuza enzymes za pancreas bishobora kuba ngombwa.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Kandi rimwe na rimwe hakorwa operasiyo yo gukuraho ibice bya pancreas.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Ku isi yose, mu 2015 habayeho abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 8.9 barwaye pancreatitis.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators.))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–602|pmid=27733282|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6|pmc=5055577}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi byagize ingaruka ku rupfu rw’abantu 132.700, ugereranyije n’abapfuye 83.000 mu 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015De&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators.))|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–44|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GDB2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|date=17 December 2014|pmid=25530442|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|pmc=4340604}}&lt;/ref&gt; Pancreatitis ikabije igaragara ku bantu bagera kuri 30 kuri 100.000 buri mwaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2015&quot; /&gt; Abantu bashya barwaye pancreatitis idakira bavuka ku bantu bagera kuri 8 ku bantu 100.000 buri mwaka, ubu bakaba bagera kuri 50 ku bantu 100.000 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mun204&quot; /&gt; Bikunze kugaragara ku bagabo kurusha abagore.  Akenshi pancreatitis idakira itangira hagati y'imyaka 30 na 40 mu gihe idakunze kugaragara ku bana.&lt;ref name=NID2012 /&gt; Pancreatitis ikabije yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu isuzuma ry’umurambo mu 1882, mu gihe Pancreatitis idakira yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1946.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mun204&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Muniraj|first=T|last2=Aslanian|first2=HR|last3=Farrell|first3=J|last4=Jamidar|first4=PA|title=Chronic pancreatitis, a comprehensive review and update. Part I: epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, genetics, pathophysiology, and clinical features.|journal=Disease-a-month : DM|date=December 2014|volume=60|issue=12|pages=530–50|pmid=25510320|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.11.002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Inzoga]]
* [[Igifu]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>7ac8yvb64lfnnd6825l1u26m2hilky4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Diverticulitis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23350</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141469</id>
      <parentid>141184</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:05:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141469</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7494" sha1="byofw9kk38ldx9ndq23tunibmo9bxv3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Diverticulitis
| image = Diverticula, sigmoid colon.jpg
| caption = Udufuka (''diverticula'') mu mara manini
| field = Kubaga rusange
| symptoms = Kubabara mu nda, umuriro, isesemi, impiswi cyangwa impatwe
| complications = Ikibyimba cy'amashyira, kwangirika kw'urukuta rw'amara
| risks = Umubyibuho ukabije, kudakora imyitozo, kunywa itabi
| diagnosis = Gupima amaraso, CT scan, colonoscopie
| treatment = Antibiyotike, indyo y'amazi, kujyanwa mu bitaro
}}
'''Diverticulitis''' ni indwara yo mu nda irangwa no kubyimba kw'udufuka tudasanzwe (''diverticula'') dushobora kuboneka ku rukuta rw'amara manini.

Ikunze kugaragara ku bantu bakuze, cyane cyane mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi.

== Ibimenyetso ==
[[Dosiye:Gross pathology of diverticulitis with diverticular abscesses.jpg|thumb|Diverticulitis]]
Diverticulitis, cyane cyane diverticulitis yo mu mara, ni indwara yo mu gifu irangwa no kubyimba kw'udupfunyika tudasanzwe - diverticula - dushobora gukwirakwira mu rukuta rw'amara manini.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diverticular Disease|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/diverticular-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|website=www.niddk.nih.gov|access-date=12 June 2016|date=September 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160613120254/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/digestive-diseases/diverticular-disease/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=13 June 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo ububabare bwo mu nda yo hasi buterwa no gutangira gutunguranye, ariko bushobora no kubaho mu minsi mike.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Hashobora kandi kugira isesemi ; no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]] cyangwa [[Impatwe|kuribwa mu nda]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Umuriro cyangwa amaraso mu gitereko bigaragaza ko hari ikibazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Ibitero bisubirwamo bishobora kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tursi|first=A|title=Diverticulosis today: unfashionable and still under-researched|journal=Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology|date=March 2016|volume=9|issue=2|pages=213–28|pmid=26929783|doi=10.1177/1756283x15621228|pmc=4749857}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Impamvu zitera diverticulitis ntizizwi neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera iyi ndwara birimo umubyibuho ukabije, kutagira imyitozo ngororamubiri, kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], kuba ufite amateka mu muryango wawe yarayirwaye, no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana itari iya steroide (NSAIDs).&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Uruhare rw'indyo idafite fibre nyinshi nk'ikintu gishobora gutera ibyago ntabwo rurasobanuka neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Kugira udufuka mu mara manini tudatwitswe bizwi nka diverticulosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Kubyimba bibaho hagati ya 10% na 25% mu gihe runaka, kandi biterwa n'ubwandu bwa [[bagiteri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;M2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases|date=2014|publisher=Churchill Livingstone|isbn=9781455748013|page=986|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=BseNCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA986|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808110310/https://books.google.ca/books?id=BseNCgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA986|archive-date=2016-08-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gupima indwara akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe CT scan, nubwo ibizamini by'amaraso, colonoscopy, cyangwa urwego rwo hasi rw'igifu nabyo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Indwara zitandukanye zirimo indwara y'umura irakarishye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt;

== Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi ==
Ingamba zo kwirinda zirimo guhindura ibintu bishobora gutera ikibazo nko kubyibuha cyane, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kunywa itabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Mesalazine na rifaximin bisa nkaho ari ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibitero ku bafite ikibazo cyo kurwara indwara ya diverticulosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Kwirinda imbuto n'imbuto nk'uburyo bwo kwirinda ntibikiri ngombwa kuko nta gihamya kigaragaza ko bigira uruhare mu gutera ububyimbirwe mu miyoboro y'amazi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Young-Fadok|first=TM|title=Diverticulitis|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|date=October 2018|volume=379|issue=17|pages=1635–42|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1800468|pmid=30354951}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku ndwara ya diverticulitis yoroheje, imiti yica udukoko ikoreshwa mu kanwa no mu mirire y’amazi ikunze kuba isabwa; &lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; nubwo ibi bisa nkaho bitagira ingaruka ku ngaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CFP2024&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Kolber|first=Michael|title=#370 Antibiotics or no antibiotics for acute diverticulitis, that is the question! – CFPCLearn|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp370/|access-date=24 July 2024|archive-date=25 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240725050721/https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp370/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku ndwara zikomeye, imiti yica udukoko iterwa mu mitsi, kwakirwa mu bitaro no kuruhuka amara yose bishobora kuba inama.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Probiyotike bifite agaciro katazwi neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Ingorane nko kumera ibibyimba, kumera fistula, no gutobora amara bishobora gusaba kubagwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'Isi kandi ntikunze kugaragara muri [[Afurika]] na [[Aziya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Mu bihugu by'Iburengerazuba bw'isi, abantu bagera kuri 35% bafite indwara ya diverticulose mu gihe yibasira munsi ya 1% by'abo mu cyaro cya Afurika,&lt;ref name=&quot;M2014&quot; /&gt; kandi hagati ya 4 na 15% bashobora kurwara diverticulose.&lt;ref name=&quot;UpToDate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colonic-diverticulosis-and-diverticular-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis|title=Colonic diverticulosis and diverticular disease: Epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis|last=Pemberton|first=John H|date=16 June 2016|website=UpToDate|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170314151944/https://www.uptodate.com/contents/colonic-diverticulosis-and-diverticular-disease-epidemiology-risk-factors-and-pathogenesis|archive-date=2017-03-14|url-status=live|access-date=2017-03-13|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Amerika ya Ruguru n'i Burayi ububabare bwo mu nda bukunze kuba ibumoso bwo hasi (sigmoid colon), mu gihe muri Aziya bukunze kuba iburyo (ascending colon).&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fel2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Feldman|first=Mark|title=Sleisenger &amp; Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and liver disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, management|date=2010|publisher=MD Consult|location=[S.l.]|isbn=9781437727678|page=2084|edition=9th|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=zEZOqB6r9hwC&amp;pg=PA2084|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160808143336/https://books.google.ca/books?id=zEZOqB6r9hwC&amp;pg=PA2084|archive-date=2016-08-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi ndwara irushaho kwiyongera uko abantu bakura, cyane cyane iyo umuntu arengeje imyaka 50.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Byarushijeho kugaragara mu bice byose by'isi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Mu 2003 mu Burayi, byahitanye abantu bagera ku 13.000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu mara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt; Ibiciro bijyana n'indwara ya diverticular byari hafi miliyari 2.4 [[Amadolari y'Amerika|z'amadolari y'Amerika]] ku mwaka muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 2013.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tur2016&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Impiswi]]
* [[Impatwe]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>byofw9kk38ldx9ndq23tunibmo9bxv3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Morphine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23351</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141464</id>
      <parentid>141187</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:18:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141464</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9983" sha1="b2baexsrjqsi91glqidoo71jzcr5cn4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Morphine
| image = Morphine.svg
| tradename = MS Contin, Oramorph, Kadian, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a682133
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, urushinge (mu mutsi, mu nyama, munsi y'uruhu), mu kibuno
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = AA01
| CAS_number = 57-27-2
| PubChem = 5288826
| DrugBank = DB00295
| UNII = 76I7G6D29C
| KEGG = D08233
| ChEMBL = 70
| C=17 | H=19 | N=1 | O=3
}}
'''Morphine''' ni umuti ukomeye ugabanya ububabare wo mu bwoko bwa ''opioïde'', uboneka mu buryo kamere mu kimera cya ''pavot'' (''Papaver somniferum'').

Ikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare bukabije, kandi iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Morphine 1mL Vial.jpg|thumb|Morphine]]
Morphine ni umuti w'ububabare wo mu muryango wa opioïde uboneka mu buryo busanzwe mu bimera n'inyamaswa zitandukanye, harimo n'abantu.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015&gt;{{cite web |title = Morphine sulfate |url = https://www.drugs.com/monograph/morphine-sulfate.html |publisher = The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists |access-date = 1 June 2015 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150502143444/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/morphine-sulfate.html |archive-date = 2 May 2015 |df = dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502143444/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/morphine-sulfate.html |date=2 May 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;  Ikora ku buryo butaziguye ku buryo bworoshye bwo kugabanya ububabare (CNS) kugira ngo igabanye ibyiyumvo by'ububabare.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Irashobora gufatwa haba ku bubabare bukabije ndetse no ku bubabare budakira.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Ikunze gukoreshwa ku bubabare buterwa n'indwara y'umutima ifata imitsi ndetse no mu gihe cyo kubyara.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa, mu guterwa mu mitsi, mu guterwa munsi y'uruhu, mu mitsi, mu mwanya ukikije uruti rw'umugongo, cyangwa mu buryo bw'inyuma.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Ingaruka ntarengwa igerwaho nyuma ya saa 20&amp;nbsp;iminota iyo itanzwe mu mitsi na nyuma ya 60&amp;nbsp;iminota iyo itanzwe mu kanwa, mu gihe igihe cy'ingaruka ari 3–7&amp;nbsp;amasaha.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rockwood2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rockwood|first=Charles A.|title=Rockwood and Wilkins' fractures in children|date=2009|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|location=Philadelphia, Pa.|isbn=978-1-58255-784-7|page=54|edition=7th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QVIdXV_F8M4C&amp;pg=PA54|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135509/https://books.google.com/books?id=QVIdXV_F8M4C&amp;pg=PA54|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hari kandi n'imiti ikora igihe kirekire.

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zikomeye zirimo kugabanuka k'imbaraga zo guhumeka no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso .  Morphine irakunda kubagwa kandi ikunze gukoreshwa nabi.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Iyo ingano igabanutse nyuma yo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire, ibimenyetso byo kureka opioid bishobora kugaragara.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kuruka no kunyara.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Ni ngombwa kwitonda iyo ukoresheje umuti wa morphine mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|utwite]] cyangwa wonsa, kuko ushobora kugira ingaruka ku mwana.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Morphine yabanje gukurwaho hagati ya 1803 na 1805 na Friedrich Sertürner.&lt;ref name=&quot;Court2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Courtwright|first=David T.|title=Forces of habit drugs and the making of the modern world|date=2009|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Mass.|isbn=978-0-674-02990-3|pages=36–37|edition=1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GHqV3elHYvMC&amp;pg=PA36|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135509/https://books.google.com/books?id=GHqV3elHYvMC&amp;pg=PA36|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri rusange, iki kintu gikunze kwitwa &quot;toute&quot; ni cyo cya mbere gitandukanya ikintu gifatika n'ibimera.&lt;ref name=&quot;Luch2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MtOiLVWBn8cC&amp;pg=PA20|page=20|title=Molecular, clinical and environmental toxicology|editor-last=Luch A|publisher=Springer|year=2009|isbn=978-3-7643-8335-0|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806043108/https://books.google.com/books?id=MtOiLVWBn8cC&amp;pg=PA20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Merck yatangiye kuyicuruza mu buryo bw'ubucuruzi mu 1827.&lt;ref name=&quot;Court2009&quot; /&gt; Morphine yakoreshejwe cyane nyuma y’ivumburwa rya siringi igabanya uruhu mu 1853 {{ndash}} 1855.&lt;ref name=&quot;Court2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Clay2013&quot; /&gt; Sertürner yabanje kwita iki kintu ''Morphium'' izina ry'imana y'inzozi z'Abagereki, Morpheus, kuko gifite umwihariko wo gutera ibitotsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Clay2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Clayton J.|last=Mosher|title=Drugs and Drug Policy: The Control of Consciousness Alteration|date=2013|publisher=SAGE Publications|isbn=978-1-4833-2188-2|page=123|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2UQXBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA123|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135509/https://books.google.com/books?id=2UQXBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA123|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Gary L.|title=Encyclopedia of substance abuse prevention, treatment, &amp; recovery|date=2009|publisher=SAGE|location=Los Angeles|isbn=978-1-4522-6601-5|page=564|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DFR2AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT598|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135509/https://books.google.com/books?id=DFR2AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT598|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uko ikorwa ==
Isoko nyamukuru ya morphine ni ukwitandukanya n'icyatsi cya poppy cya opium poppy.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Narcotic Drugs Estimated World Requirements for 2008, Statistics for 2006|date=2008|publisher=United Nations Pubns|location=New York|isbn=9789210481199|page=77|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0_9QHvacPzYC&amp;pg=PA77|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135509/https://books.google.com/books?id=0_9QHvacPzYC&amp;pg=PA77|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2013, hakozwe toni zigera kuri 523 za morphine.&lt;ref name=UN2015&gt;{{cite book |title = Narcotic Drugs 2014 |date = 2015 |publisher = INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS CONTROL BOARD |isbn = 9789210481571 |pages = 21, 30 |url = https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150602192211/https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf |archive-date = 2 June 2015 |df = dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150602192211/https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2014/Narcotic_Drugs_Report_2014.pdf |date=2 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Amatoni agera kuri 45 yakoreshejwe mu kuvura ububabare, yikubye inshuro enye mu myaka makumyabiri ishize.&lt;ref name=UN2015 /&gt; Uburyo bwinshi bwo gukoresha iyi ntego bwari mu bihugu byateye imbere .  Hafi 70 ku ijana bya morphine ikoreshwa mu gukora indi miti nka hydromorphone, oxymorphone, na [[heroine]].&lt;ref name=UN2015 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Trig2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Triggle|first=David J.|title=Morphine|date=2006|publisher=Chelsea House Publishers|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4381-0211-5|pages=20–21|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sud4ORAMNkYC&amp;pg=PA20|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806172748/https://books.google.com/books?id=sud4ORAMNkYC&amp;pg=PA20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kar2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Karch|first=Steven B.|title=Drug abuse handbook|date=2006|publisher=CRC/Taylor &amp; Francis|location=Boca Raton|isbn=978-1-4200-0346-8|pages=7–8|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=F0mUte90ATUC&amp;pg=PA7|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806021229/https://books.google.com/books?id=F0mUte90ATUC&amp;pg=PA7|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni umuti wo mu cyiciro cya kabiri muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]],&lt;ref name=&quot;Trig2006&quot; /&gt; Icyiciro cya A mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]],&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|veditors=Macpherson G|title=Black's medical dictionary|work=Nature|volume=87|issue=2184|date=2002|isbn=978-0-7136-5442-4|page=162|edition=40th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bUnCAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908135509/https://books.google.com/books?id=bUnCAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA162|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all|bibcode=1911Natur..87R.313.|doi=10.1038/087313b0}}&lt;/ref&gt; n'Igiciro cya I muri [[Kanada]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Davis's Canadian Drug Guide for Nurses|date=2014|publisher=F.A. Davis|isbn=978-0-8036-4086-3|page=1409|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0Y8QBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1409|access-date=2 August 2020|archive-date=6 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200806211119/https://books.google.com/books?id=0Y8QBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1409|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Morphine igurishwa mu mazina menshi y'ubucuruzi .  Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 155 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni enye.

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Lidocaine]]
* [[Propofol]]
* [[Ibiyobyabwenge]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Morphine |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682133.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>b2baexsrjqsi91glqidoo71jzcr5cn4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Thalidomide</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23352</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141463</id>
      <parentid>141189</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:18:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141463</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5810" sha1="ovpk94kjmywyvnmaigq73tnjx6pj9z4" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Thalidomide
| image = Thalidomide enantiomers.svg
| tradename = Contergan, Thalomid, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a699032
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa
| ATC_prefix = L04
| ATC_suffix = AX02
| CAS_number = 50-35-1
| PubChem = 5426
| DrugBank = DB01041
| UNII = 4Z8R6ORS6L
| KEGG = D00754
| ChEMBL = 468
| C=13 | H=10 | N=2 | O=4
}}
'''Thalidomide''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Thalomid''' na '''Contergan''', ni umuti ukoreshwa uyu munsi mu kuvura kanseri zimwe na zimwe (nka ''multiple myeloma'') n'ingorane z'ibibembe.

Yashyizwe ku isoko mu 1957 mu Budage, iza kumenyekana cyane kubera ubumuga bukomeye yateye abana b'ababyeyi bayifashe batwite.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Kevadon (thalidomide), 1960.jpg|thumb|Thalidomide]]
Thalidomide, igurishwa ku izina ry’ikirango cya Thalomid n’indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura [[kanseri]] zitandukanye zirimo indwara ya myeloma nyinshi, indwara ya graft-versus-host, hamwe n’indwara nyinshi z’uruhu zirimo n’ingorane z’ibibembe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thalidomide Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/thalidomide.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=14 November 2019|language=en|archive-date=10 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910095924/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/thalidomide.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo yakoreshejwe mu ndwara zitandukanye zifitanye isano [[Virusi itera SIDA/SIDA|na virusi itera SIDA]], ikoreshwa nk'iryo rifitanye isano no kwiyongera kwa virusi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kurwara ibisebe no kuzerera.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo indwara ya tumor lysis syndrome, kuzura kw'amaraso, no kurwara indwara z'imitsi yo mu gice cy'umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=936|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gukoresha iyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|utwite]] bishobora kwangiza umwana, harimo no gutuma ingingo z'umubiri zihinduka nabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ku bagabo bafata imiti, [[agakingirizo]] ni byiza niba abo bashakanye bashobora gutwita.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Ni umuti uvura ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kandi ukorana n'uburyo butandukanye burimo gukangura uturemangingo twa T no kugabanya ikorwa rya TNF-α.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Thalidomide yashyizwe ku isoko bwa mbere mu 1957 mu [[Ubudage|Budage]] bw'Iburengerazuba, aho yabonekaga ku giciro cyayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;OUP2003&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Oxford Companion to the Body|last=Cuthbert|first=Alan|year=2003|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_z0k4/page/682|doi=10.1093/acref/9780198524038.001.0001|isbn=9780198524038|url-access=registration|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont0000unse_z0k4/page/682 682]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mill1991&quot; /&gt; Ubwo yasohorwaga bwa mbere, thalidomide yatewe inkunga yo guhangayika, gusinzira nabi, &quot;guhangayika&quot;, no gusara mu gitondo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mill1991&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Miller|first=Marylin T.|title=Thalidomide Embryopathy: A Model for the Study of Congenital Incomitant Horizontal Strabismus|journal=Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society|year=1991|volume=81|pages=623–674|pmid=1808819|pmc=1298636}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lou2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Loue|first=Sana|last2=Sajatovic|first2=Martha|title=Encyclopedia of Women's Health|date=2004|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9780306480737|page=644|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=LbHWgd-mDbsC&amp;pg=PA644|language=en|access-date=2019-11-15|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829083309/https://books.google.ca/books?id=LbHWgd-mDbsC&amp;pg=PA644|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo byagaragaye ko ari byiza mu gihe cyo gutwita, impungenge ku bijyanye n'ubumuga bwo kuvukana zagaragaye mu 1961 maze imiti ikurwa ku isoko mu Burayi muri uwo mwaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mill1991&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OUP2003&quot; /&gt; Umubare w’abantu bose bagizweho ingaruka n’ikoreshwa ry’iyi mashini mu gihe cyo gutwita ubarirwa mu 10.000, muri bo abagera kuri 40% bapfuye ahagana mu gihe cyo kuvuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mill1991&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Abarokotse bari bafite ibibazo by'amaguru, amaso, inzira z'inkari n'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;OUP2003&quot; /&gt; Kwinjira kwayo ku isoko rya Amerika byabujijwe na Frances Kelsey wo muri FDA.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lou2004&quot; /&gt; Ubusembwa bw'imiti ya thalidomide bwatumye habaho iterambere ry'amategeko n'igenzura ry'imiti mu bihugu byinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lou2004&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;OUP2003&quot; /&gt;

== Muri iki gihe ==
Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima .  Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], NHS itwara amafaranga agera kuri £1,194 ku kwezi guhera mu 2018.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Aya mafaranga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika agura hafi amadolari y'Amerika 9,236 kugeza mu 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;Price2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Thalomid Prices, Coupons &amp; Patient Assistance Programs|url=https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/thalomid|website=Drugs.com|access-date=15 November 2019|language=en|archive-date=30 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191230163629/https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/thalomid|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ubumuga]]
* [[Kanseri]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Thalidomide |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a699032.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>ovpk94kjmywyvnmaigq73tnjx6pj9z4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Metformin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23353</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141462</id>
      <parentid>141191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:17:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141462</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7884" sha1="6ui64ehga07rvxjzicmpkom54jpjq1m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Metformin
| image = Metformin.svg
| tradename = Glucophage, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a696005
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa
| ATC_prefix = A10
| ATC_suffix = BA02
| CAS_number = 657-24-9
| PubChem = 4091
| DrugBank = DB00331
| UNII = 9100L32L2N
| KEGG = D04966
| ChEMBL = 1431
| C=4 | H=11 | N=5
}}
'''Metformin''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Glucophage''', ni wo muti wa mbere ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije.

Ifatwa mu kanwa, kandi iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Metformin 500mg Tablets.jpg|thumb|Metformin]]
Metformin, igurishwa ku izina ry'ubucuruzi rya Glucophage n'indi, ni wo muti wa mbere uvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2,&lt;ref name=&quot;Ann2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Maruthur NM, Tseng E, Hutfless S, Wilson LM, Suarez-Cuervo C, Berger Z, Chu Y, Iyoha E, Segal JB, Bolen S|title=Diabetes Medications as Monotherapy or Metformin-Based Combination Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=164|issue=11|pages=740–51|date=June 2016|pmid=27088241|doi=10.7326/M15-2650}}&lt;/ref&gt; cyane cyane ku bantu bafite umubyibuho ukabije.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Clinical Obesity|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-470-98708-7|page=262|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qGVnItPoPCYC&amp;pg=PA262|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185309/https://books.google.com/books?id=qGVnItPoPCYC&amp;pg=PA262|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara y'imirerantanga ifite udufuka twinshi (''polycystic ovary syndrome'').&lt;ref name=AHFS2016&gt;{{cite web|title=Metformin Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metformin-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2 January 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224162245/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metformin-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=24 December 2016|df=}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161224162245/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/metformin-hydrochloride.html |date=24 December 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntabwo bifitanye isano no kongera ibiro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pres2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=|title=Type 2 diabetes and metformin. First choice for monotherapy: weak evidence of efficacy but well-known and acceptable adverse effects|journal=Prescrire International|volume=23|issue=154|pages=269–72|date=November 2014|pmid=25954799}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Metformin muri rusange yihanganirwa neza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Triggle CR, Ding H|title=Metformin is not just an antihyperglycaemic drug but also has protective effects on the vascular endothelium|journal=Acta Physiologica|volume=219|issue=1|pages=138–151|date=January 2017|pmid=26680745|doi=10.1111/apha.12644}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo [[impiswi]], isesemi, no kubabara mu nda.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt; Ifite ibyago bike byo gutera [[isukari]] nke mu maraso.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt; Urugero rw'aside lactic mu maraso ni ikibazo gikomeye iyo umuti ukoreshejwe ku rugero runini cyane cyangwa utanzwe ku bantu bafite ibibazo bikomeye by'impyiko.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Blumenberg A, Benabbas R, Sinert R, Jeng A, Wiener SW|title=Do Patients Die with or from Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis (MALA)? Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of pH and Lactate as Predictors of Mortality in MALA|journal=J Med Toxicol|volume=16|issue=2|pages=222–229|date=April 2020|pmid=31907741|doi=10.1007/s13181-019-00755-6|url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid21617112&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lipska KJ, Bailey CJ, Inzucchi SE|title=Use of metformin in the setting of mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency|journal=Diabetes Care|volume=34|issue=6|pages=1431–7|date=June 2011|pmid=21617112|pmc=3114336|doi=10.2337/dc10-2361}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibyemewe ku bantu bafite indwara zikomeye z'umwijima.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt; Nubwo nta ngaruka zigaragara zishobora guterwa no kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], insuline muri rusange ni yo ikundwa cyane kuri diyabete yo mu gihe cyo gutwita.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lautatzis ME, Goulis DG, Vrontakis M|title=Efficacy and safety of metformin during pregnancy in women with gestational diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review|journal=Metabolism|volume=62|issue=11|pages=1522–34|date=November 2013|pmid=23886298|doi=10.1016/j.metabol.2013.06.006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metformin ni umuti wa biguanide ugabanya isukari nyinshi mu mubiri.  Ikora mu kugabanya umusaruro wa [[glucose]] ukorwa n'umwijima no kongera ubushobozi bwa insuline mu ngingo z'umubiri.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Metformin yavumbuwe mu 1922.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Janos|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery II|date=2010|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-3-527-63212-1|pages=49|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h2Kd8ci4Ln8C&amp;pg=PA49|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185310/https://books.google.com/books?id=h2Kd8ci4Ln8C&amp;pg=PA49|archive-date=2017-09-08|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umuganga w’Umufaransa Jean Sterne yatangiye kwiga ku bantu mu myaka ya 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2010&quot; /&gt; Yashyizwe mu [[Ubufaransa|Bufaransa]] mu 1957 no muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 1995.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=McKee|first=Mitchell Bebel Stargrove, Jonathan Treasure, Dwight L.|title=Herb, nutrient, and drug interactions : clinical implications and therapeutic strategies|date=2008|publisher=Mosby/Elsevier|location=St. Louis, Mo.|isbn=978-0-323-02964-3|page=217|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=49kLK--eumEC&amp;pg=PA217|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908185309/https://books.google.com/books?id=49kLK--eumEC&amp;pg=PA217|archive-date=2017-09-08|df=}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Metformin ni wo muti ukoreshwa cyane kuvura diyabete unyobwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2010&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt; Igiciro cya buguzi mu bihugu byateye imbere cyari hagati {{US$}} 0.20 na 6 ku kwezi {{as of|2014|lc=yes}}  .  Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igura hagati ya 5 na 25 USD ku kwezi.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt; Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], ikinini gisanzwe cya 500 mg kigura hafi £0.03, naho ubundi bwoko bukaba buhenze cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hitch2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=154-155|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa kane ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n’abaganga barenga miliyoni 78.

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Dapagliflozin]]
* [[Semaglutide]]
* [[Isukari nke mu maraso]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Metformin |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a696005.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>6ui64ehga07rvxjzicmpkom54jpjq1m</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tifusi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23354</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141461</id>
      <parentid>141193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:17:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141461</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5605" sha1="lfcb1x5bmpha4iibnqmfmkjg15pnsqd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Tifusi
| synonyms = ''Typhus fever''
| image = Epidemic typhus Burundi.jpg
| caption = Abarwayi ba tifusi i Burundi
| field = Indwara zandura
| symptoms = Umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, uduheri ku ruhu
| causes = Bagiteri (''Rickettsia'') zikwirakwizwa n'udusimba nk'inda n'imbaragasa
| risks = Isuku nke
| prevention = Kwirinda udukoko dukwirakwiza indwara
| treatment = Doxycycline
}}
'''Tifusi''' (''typhus'') ni itsinda ry'indwara zandura ziterwa na bagiteri, zikwirakwizwa n'udusimba nk'inda, imbaragasa n'uburondwe. Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ni umuriro, kuribwa umutwe n'uduheri ku ruhu.

Nta rukingo ruraboneka ku isoko; ivurwa n'imiti nka doxycycline.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Tifusi, izwi kandi nka fever ya tifusi, ni itsinda ry'indwara zandura zirimo tifusi isanzwe, tifusi yo mu bwoko bwa scrub, na tifusi yo mu bwoko bwa murine.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017In&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Typhus Fevers|url=https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/index.html|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=26 March 2017|language=en-us|date=7 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326231028/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/index.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, no kugira ibisebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017In&quot; /&gt; Ubusanzwe ibi bitangira nyuma y'icyumweru kimwe cyangwa bibiri nyuma yo guhura n'iki cyorezo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017He&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Information for Health Care Providers|url=https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/healthcare-providers/index.html|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=26 March 2017|language=en-us|date=7 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327075824/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/healthcare-providers/index.html|archive-date=27 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Indwara ziterwa n'ubwoko bwihariye bw'ubwandu bwa [[bagiteri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017In&quot; /&gt; Indwara ya tifusi iterwa na ''Rickettsia prowazekii'' ikwirakwizwa n'indwara z'umubiri, scrub tifusi iterwa na ''Orientia tsutsugamushi'' ikwirakwizwa na chiggers, naho tifusi ya murine iterwa na ''Rickettsia typhi'' ikwirakwizwa na flas.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017In&quot; /&gt;

== Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi ==
Kuri ubu nta rukingo ruraboneka ku isoko.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Epi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Scu&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Mu&quot; /&gt; Kwirinda ni ukugabanya kwibasirwa n'udukoko dukwirakwiza iyi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Epi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Epidemic Typhus|url=https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/epidemic/index.html|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=27 March 2017|language=en-us|date=7 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230950/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/epidemic/index.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Scu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scrub Typhus|url=https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/scrub/index.html|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=26 March 2017|language=en-us|date=7 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230903/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/scrub/index.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Mu&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Murine Typhus|url=https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/murine/index.html|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=26 March 2017|language=en-us|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230521/https://www.cdc.gov/typhus/murine/index.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uburyo bwo kuvura bukoreshwa n'umuti uvura udukoko witwa doxycycline.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017He&quot; /&gt; Indwara ya tifusi ikunze kugaragara iyo habayeho [[isuku]] nke n'ubwinshi bw'abantu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} Typhus|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs162/en/|website=www.who.int|access-date=26 March 2017|date=May 1997|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080029/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs162/en/|archive-date=27 March 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo byahoze ari ibisanzwe, ubu ni gake cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Epi&quot; /&gt; Indwara ya typhus iterwa n'ibiyobyabwenge iboneka mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa [[Aziya]], mu [[Ubuyapani|Buyapani]] no mu majyaruguru ya [[Ositaraliya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Scu&quot; /&gt; Murine typhus iboneka mu turere dushyuha n'utwo muri tropike ku isi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017Mu&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Tifusi yasobanuwe kuva nibura mu 1528 nyuma ya Yesu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ben2014&quot; /&gt; Iri zina rikomoka ku ijambo ry'Ikigiriki ''tûphos'' (τύφος) risobanura ubuhuha, risobanura uko imitekerereze y'abanduye imeze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ben2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bennett|first=John E.|last2=Dolin|first2=Raphael|last3=Blaser|first3=Martin J.|title=Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases E-Book|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323263733|page=2217|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73pYBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2217|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910163706/https://books.google.com/books?id=73pYBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA2217|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo &quot;tifoyide&quot; bivuga &quot;bisa na tifoyide&quot;, tifoyide na tifoyide ni indwara zitandukanye ziterwa n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa bagiteri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Evans|first=Alfred S.|last2=Brachman|first2=Philip S.|title=Bacterial Infections of Humans: Epidemiology and Control|date=2013|publisher=Springer|isbn=9781461553274|page=839|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dPDdBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA839|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910163706/https://books.google.com/books?id=dPDdBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA839|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Bagiteri]]
* [[Isuku]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>lfcb1x5bmpha4iibnqmfmkjg15pnsqd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umunwa upfutse n'akanwa gapfutse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23357</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141460</id>
      <parentid>141202</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:17:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141460</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5338" sha1="owx7ys51jvskwf08uxxiuud2ql39ghq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Umunwa upfutse n'akanwa gapfutse
| synonyms = ''Cleft lip and cleft palate'', ''bec-de-lièvre''
| image = Cleftlipandpalate.JPG
| caption = Umwana ufite umunwa upfutse n'akanwa gapfutse
| field = Kubaga mu maso no mu kanwa, ubuvuzi bw'abana
| symptoms = Umwenge mu munwa wo hejuru ushobora kugera ku zuru cyangwa mu kanwa
| complications = Ibibazo byo konka, kuvuga no kumva
| risks = Kunywa itabi mu gihe cyo gutwita, diyabete, umubyibuho ukabije
| treatment = Kubagwa, kuvura imivugire, kwita ku menyo
}}
'''Umunwa upfutse n'akanwa gapfutse''' (''cleft lip and cleft palate'') ni itsinda ry'ubumuga bwo kuvukana aho umunwa wo hejuru cyangwa igisenge cy'akanwa bitifunze neza, bigasigaramo umwenge.

Bishobora kuvurwa neza no kubagwa, akenshi mu mezi cyangwa imyaka ya mbere y'ubuzima bw'umwana.

== Ibimenyetso ==
[[Dosiye:10-month-old girl showing scar from facial reconstruction surgery for cleft lip.jpg|thumb|Umunwa upfutse n'akanwa gapfutse]]
Umunwa upfutse n'akanwa gapfutse, izwi kandi nka orofacial cleft, ni itsinda ry'indwara zirimo cleft lip, cleft palate, hamwe na zombi hamwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Facts about Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate|url=https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/cleftlip.html|access-date=May 8, 2015|date=October 20, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150508162121/http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/birthdefects/CleftLip.html|archive-date=May 8, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wat2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Watkins SE, Meyer RE, Strauss RP, Aylsworth AS|title=Classification, epidemiology, and genetics of orofacial clefts|journal=Clinics in Plastic Surgery|volume=41|issue=2|pages=149–63|date=April 2014|pmid=24607185|doi=10.1016/j.cps.2013.12.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umunwa upfundikiye urimo umwenge mu munwa wo hejuru ushobora kugera mu mazuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Umwobo ushobora kuba ku ruhande rumwe, ku mpande zombi, cyangwa hagati.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Impumuro y'akanwa iba iyo mu gisenge cy'umunwa harimo umwenge ujya mu mazuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Izi ndwara zishobora gutera ibibazo byo kurya, ibibazo byo kuvuga, ibibazo byo kutumva, no kwandura indwara zo mu matwi kenshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Igihe kitarenze kimwe cya kabiri iyo ndwara ifitanye isano n'izindi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Iminwa n'akanwa bipfutse ni ingaruka z'uko ingingo zo mu maso zidahuye neza mu gihe cyo gukura.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Bityo rero, ni ubwoko bw'ubumuga umuntu avukana.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Impamvu ntabwo izwi mu bihe byinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara birimo kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]] mu gihe utwite, diyabete, umubyibuho ukabije, umubyeyi ukuze, n'imiti imwe n'imwe (nk'imwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo mu mutwe ).&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wat2014&quot; /&gt; Iminwa ipfutse n'akanwa gapfutse bishobora gupimwa mu gihe utwite hakoreshejwe isuzuma rya ultrasound.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Umunwa upfutse cyangwa upfutse mu kanwa ushobora kuvurwa neza ukoresheje kubagwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Ibi bikunze gukorwa mu mezi make ya mbere y'ubuzima ku minwa ifunguka, na mbere y'amezi cumi n'umunani ku minwa ifunguka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Ubuvuzi bw'imivugire kandi ubuvuzi bw'amenyo nabwo bushobora gukenerwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Iyo habayeho ubuvuzi bukwiye, ibisubizo biba byiza.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Iminwa n'akanwa bipfutse bibaho ku bana 1 kugeza kuri 2 ku bana 1000 bavutse mu bihugu byateye imbere.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wat2014&quot; /&gt; Iminwa ipfutse ikunze kugaragara ku bagabo inshuro ebyiri kurusha abagore, mu gihe iminwa idafite iminwa ipfutse ikunze kugaragara ku bagore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wat2014&quot; /&gt; Mu 2017, byagize ingaruka ku mfu zigera ku 3.800 ku isi, zigabanuka ugereranyije n’impfu 14.600 mu 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Roth2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Roth GA, Abate D, Abate KH, Abay SM, Abbafati C, Abbasi N, etal|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific mortality for 282 causes of death in 195 countries and territories, 1980–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017|journal=Lancet|volume=392|issue=10159|pages=1736–1788|date=November 2018|pmid=30496103|pmc=6227606|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32203-7}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool|title=GBD Results Tool {{!}} GHDx|website=ghdx.healthdata.org|access-date=August 2, 2019|archive-date=July 31, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731192015/http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi ndwara yahoze yitwa &quot;urukwavu-iminwa&quot; kubera ko isa n'urukwavu cyangwa urukwavu, ariko ubu iryo jambo muri rusange rifatwa nk'iryangiza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Boklage|first=Charles E.|title=How new humans are made cells and embryos, twins and chimeras, left and right, mind/selfsoul, sex, and schizophrenia|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|location=Singapore|isbn=9789812835147|pages=283|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7GfgRIgP9YC&amp;pg=PT299|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910234036/https://books.google.com/books?id=j7GfgRIgP9YC&amp;pg=PT299|archive-date=September 10, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ubumuga]]
* [[Amenyo]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>owx7ys51jvskwf08uxxiuud2ql39ghq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kanseri y'uruhago</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23358</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141459</id>
      <parentid>141205</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:09:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141459</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7413" sha1="lvc9vvic7py6sd7389wvidkth2t9kwv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kanseri y'uruhago
| synonyms = ''Bladder cancer''
| image = TransCellCaMark.png
| caption = Kanseri y'uruhago irebewe muri mikorosikopi
| field = Onkolojiya, urologie
| symptoms = Amaraso mu nkari
| risks = Kunywa itabi, ibinyabutabire bimwe na bimwe, schistosomiase
| treatment = Kubagwa, chimiothérapie, urukingo rwa BCG, imirasire
}}
'''Kanseri y'uruhago''' ni ubwoko bwa [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ifata uruhago rw'inkari. Ikimenyetso cyayo gikunze kugaragara ni amaraso mu nkari.

Kunywa itabi ni yo mpamvu ikomeye ishobora kuyitera; ivurwa hakurikijwe urwego igezeho.

== Ibimenyetso ==
[[Dosiye:Bladder Cancer.jpg|thumb|Kanseri y'uruhago]]
Kanseri y'uruhago ni ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose bwa [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]] ikomoka ku ngingo z'uruhago.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pt&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714140854/https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/patient/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|archive-date=14 July 2017|date=1980-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni indwara aho uturemangingo dukura mu buryo budasanzwe kandi tukaba dushobora gukwirakwira no mu bindi bice by'umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cancer Fact sheet N°297|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/|website=World Health Organization|access-date=10 June 2014|date=February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101229092321/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs297/en/|archive-date=29 December 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Defining Cancer|url=http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=10 June 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140625220940/http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/cancerlibrary/what-is-cancer|archive-date=25 June 2014|date=2007-09-17}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso birimo [[amaraso]] mu nkari, kubabara iyo umuntu arimo kunyara, no kubabara umugongo wo hasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pt&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Ibintu bishobora gutera kanseri y'uruhago birimo kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], amateka y'umuryango, uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe imirasire mbere, kwandura indwara z'uruhago kenshi, no guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe bihumanya ikirere.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pt&quot; /&gt; Ubwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane ni kanseri y'impinduka mu turemangingo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Over&quot; /&gt; Izindi ndwara zirimo kanseri y’urusenda rwa squamous na kanseri y’urusenda rwa adenocarcinoma.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Over&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170717184625/https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder|archive-date=17 July 2017|date=1980-01-01}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gusuzuma indwara akenshi bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa cystoscopy hamwe na biopsy y'ingirabuzima fatizo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pro&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer Treatment|url=https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/hp/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|website=National Cancer Institute|access-date=18 July 2017|language=en|date=5 June 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170714141712/https://www.cancer.gov/types/bladder/hp/bladder-treatment-pdq#section/all|archive-date=14 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iterambere rya kanseri rigaragazwa no gucibwa umuyoboro w'inkari no gupima amashusho y'abaganga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pt&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=EAU Guidelines: Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer|url=https://uroweb.org/guideline/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/#5|website=Uroweb|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804234145/https://uroweb.org/guideline/non-muscle-invasive-bladder-cancer/#5|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer - Stages and Grades|url=https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/stages-and-grades|website=Cancer.Net|language=en|date=25 June 2012|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=28 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200928151311/https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/bladder-cancer/stages-and-grades|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'urwego rwa kanseri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pt&quot; /&gt; Bishobora kuba birimo uburyo bwo kubaga, gukoresha imirasire, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara cyangwa ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pt&quot; /&gt; Uburyo bwo kubaga bushobora kuba bukubiyemo gucibwamo umuyoboro w'inkari, gukuraho igice cy'uruhago cyangwa burundu, cyangwa kugabanya inkari.&lt;ref name=&quot;NCI2017Pt&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cy’ubuzima bw’imyaka itanu muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] ni 77%, [[Kanada]] ni 75%, naho Uburayi ni 68%.&lt;ref name=&quot;SEER2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cancer of the Urinary Bladder - Cancer Stat Facts|url=https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html|website=SEER|access-date=30 October 2019|language=en|archive-date=8 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170708205744/https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bladder cancer|url=https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/bladder-cancer|website=World Cancer Research Fund|language=en|date=24 April 2018|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=13 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200813064302/https://www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/bladder-cancer|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Survival statistics for bladder cancer - Canadian Cancer Society|url=http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=mb|website=www.cancer.ca|language=en|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=28 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028233416/https://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/bladder/prognosis-and-survival/survival-statistics/?region=mb|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Kanseri y'uruhago, mu 2018, yibasiwe n'abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 1.6 ku isi, aho abantu bashya 549.000 banduye iyi kanseri n'impfu 200.000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Global2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bladder Cancer Factsheet|url=http://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/30-Bladder-fact-sheet.pdf|website=Global Cancer Observatory|access-date=8 November 2019|archive-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108080843/http://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/factsheets/cancers/30-Bladder-fact-sheet.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imyaka yo gutangira akenshi iba hagati y'imyaka 65 na 84.&lt;ref name=&quot;SEER2019&quot; /&gt; Abagabo ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagore.&lt;ref name=&quot;SEER2019&quot; /&gt; Mu 2018, igipimo kinini cya kanseri y'inkari cyagaragaye mu Burayi bw'Amajyepfo n'iy'Iburengerazuba, hagakurikiraho Amerika y'Amajyaruguru aho abantu 15, 13, na 12 banduye kuri buri muntu 100,000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Global2018&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cyo hejuru cy’impfu za kanseri y’uruhago cyagaragaye muri [[Afurika]] y’Amajyaruguru no muri [[Aziya]] y’Iburengerazuba, hagakurikiraho Uburayi bw’Amajyepfo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Global2018&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara Ya Kanseri]]
* [[Igikamba]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>lvc9vvic7py6sd7389wvidkth2t9kwv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lipedema</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23359</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141458</id>
      <parentid>141207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:09:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141458</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4249" sha1="pf950dpgbcms9b2uhc3rtbr6u8ond75" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Lipedema
| image = Lipedema, type III.jpg
| caption = Amaguru y'umuntu ufite lipedema
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'imitsi y'amaraso
| symptoms = Ibinure byinshi munsi y'uruhu ku maguru, ububabare, ibisebe byoroshye
| causes = Ntizizwi
| risks = Kugira umuntu wo mu muryango uyirwaye
| treatment = Imyitozo ngororamubiri, amasogisi akanda, kubagwa
}}
'''Lipedema''' ni indwara irangwa no kwiyongera kudasanzwe kw'ibinure munsi y'uruhu ku maguru yombi, rimwe na rimwe no ku maboko, ikunze kuzana ububabare.

Ibasira cyane cyane abagore; nta muti uyikiza uhari, ariko ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha.

== Ibimenyetso ==
[[Dosiye:Lipödem.jpg|thumb|Lipedema]]
Lipedema ni ukwiyongera kw'amaguru yombi bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ibinure munsi y'uruhu, ibyo bikaba bidakwiranye.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lipedema|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10542/lipedema|website=rarediseases.info.nih.gov|access-date=30 December 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210318010747/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10542/lipedema|archive-date=18 March 2021|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lipoedema|website=nhs.uk|date=2 October 2020|url=https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lipoedema/|access-date=1 April 2021|archive-date=11 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411102515/https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/lipoedema/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ububabare n'ibisebe byoroshye nabyo bishobora kubaho kandi ibimenyetso muri rusange birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; Ibirenge muri rusange ntibigira ingaruka; nubwo rimwe na rimwe [[amaboko]] abigira ingaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2020&quot; /&gt; Abagore bafite ibiro ibyo ari byo byose bashobora kuba bafite iyo ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2020&quot; /&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo kwiheba.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Nubwo impamvu itazwi, bikekwa ko ishingiye ku ngirabuzimafatizo n'ibintu bifitanye isano n'imisemburo.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; Akenshi bikunze kugaragara mu miryango.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; Nibura mu ntangiriro sisitemu y'imitsi iba isanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wol2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Wollina|first=U|title=Lipedema-An update.|journal=Dermatologic therapy|date=March 2019|volume=32|issue=2|pages=e12805|doi=10.1111/dth.12805|pmid=30565362}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'isuzuma.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; Izindi ndwara zisa nazo zirimo kubyimba kw'amaguru na lymphedema.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; Akenshi ifatwa nabi nk'umubyibuho ukabije.&lt;ref name=&quot;Her2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|doi=10.1038/aps.2011.153|pmid=22301856|pmc=4010336|title=Rare adipose disorders (RADs) masquerading as obesity|journal=Acta Pharmacologica Sinica|volume=33|issue=2|pages=155–72|year=2012|last=Herbst|first=Karen L}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Nubwo nta muti uhari, ubuvuzi bushobora gufasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2020&quot; /&gt; Ibi bishobora kuba birimo indyo yuzuye n'imyitozo ngororamubiri kugira ngo ukomeze kugira ibiro byiza; ariko iyi ndwara akenshi irarwanya kugabanya ibiro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; [[Amasogisi]] yo gukanda bishobora gufasha mu kubabara no mu bushobozi bwo kugenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2020&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha liposuction bishobora gufasha mu bimenyetso bikomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHS2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Bivugwa ko indwara ya Lipedema yibasira abagore bagera kuri 11% muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Buck DW|first=2nd|last2=Herbst|first2=KL|title=Lipedema: A Relatively Common Disease with Extremely Common Misconceptions.|journal=Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open|date=September 2016|volume=4|issue=9|pages=e1043|doi=10.1097/GOX.0000000000001043|pmid=27757353}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bibaho hafi ya hose ku bagore.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; Gutangira gutya akenshi biba mu gihe cy'ubugimbi, [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], cyangwa [[Gucura k’umugore|gucura]].&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2021&quot; /&gt; Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1940, ibipimo bya mbere byo gusuzuma indwara byashyizweho mu 1951.&lt;ref name=&quot;Buck2016&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ibinure]]
* [[Indyo yuzuye]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>pf950dpgbcms9b2uhc3rtbr6u8ond75</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara y'imico ikwiye kwirindwa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23360</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141457</id>
      <parentid>141209</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:09:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141457</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3318" sha1="nppnni65igje3k7up31e0lnq5pz6mx7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Indwara y'imico yo kwigunga
| synonyms = ''Avoidant personality disorder'' (AvPD)
| image = Loneliness in a Crowd.jpg
| caption = Kwigunga mu bantu benshi
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, psychologie
| symptoms = Gutinya abandi, kwiyumva udashoboye, kwirinda guhura n'abantu
| causes = Ntizizwi neza; uturemangingo two mu muryango, imiterere n'aho umuntu yakuriye
| treatment = Ubuvuzi bw'ibiganiro (''psychothérapie'')
}}
'''Indwara y'imico yo kwigunga''' (''avoidant personality disorder'', '''AvPD''') ni indwara y'imico irangwa no gutinya cyane kwangwa n'abandi no kumva umuntu adashoboye, bigatuma yirinda guhura n'abandi mu kazi no mu buzima busanzwe.

Ivurwa ahanini hakoreshejwe ubuvuzi bw'ibiganiro.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Indwara yo kwirinda imico ( AvPD ) ni indwara y’imico irangwa n’uburyo bwo [[gutinya]] cyane kwangwa n’abandi no kumva ko umuntu adashoboye.&lt;ref name=&quot;DSM5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|year=2013|isbn=978-0-89042-555-8|edition=Fifth|location=|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/672 672-675]|publisher=American Psychiatric Association|doi=10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.156852|url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/234}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO1992&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders|date=1992|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|url=https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf#155|access-date=2020-10-04|archive-date=2016-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160618131606/http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/GRNBOOK.pdf#155|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bituma abantu birinda gukorana n'abandi haba mu kazi no mu mibereho yabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;DSM5&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bigaragara nibura mu gihe umuntu akuze.&lt;ref name=&quot;DSM5&quot; /&gt; Indwara ijyana nayo ishobora kuba irimo [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]], gukoresha [[ibiyobyabwenge]], n'ibibazo byo kurya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Fariba|first=K|last2=Sapra|first2=A|title=Avoidant Personality Disorder|date=January 2020|pmid=32644751|journal=StatPearls}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo amateka y'umuryango no kutitabwaho mu buryo bw'amarangamutima mu bwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Gusuzuma bisaba ko ibimenyetso biba ku rugero rugira ingaruka ku mikorere no ku kwita ku mico n'amahame y'ubwoko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;DSM5&quot; /&gt; Ni indwara y’imiterere y’umuntu yo mu itsinda rya C.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Bamwe babibona nk'ubwoko bukomeye bw'indwara yo guhangayika mu mibanire y'abantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

== Ubuvuzi n'ikwirakwira ==
Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo uburyo bwo kuvura imyitwarire mu buryo bw'ubwenge cyangwa uburyo bwo kuvura hagati y'abantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu barakira neza mu myaka 10.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Abantu bagera kuri 2% nibo barwaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Abagore n'abagabo basa nkaho bakunze kugira ingaruka zingana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Yatangijwe mu 1980 muri DSM III.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'agahinda]]
* [[Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>nppnni65igje3k7up31e0lnq5pz6mx7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara ya Stevens-Johnson</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23361</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141456</id>
      <parentid>141211</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:09:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141456</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6289" sha1="jqopp2zsmshzau82sq6ytv8ugawg8s5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Indwara ya Stevens-Johnson
| synonyms = ''Stevens–Johnson syndrome'' (SJS)
| image = Stevens-johnson-syndrome.jpg
| caption = Uruhu rw'umurwayi ufite indwara ya Stevens-Johnson
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'uruhu
| symptoms = Umuriro, ibibyimba by'amazi ku ruhu, uruhu rukuka, ububabare
| complications = Kubura amazi mu mubiri, ''sepsis'', umusonga
| causes = Imiti imwe n'imwe, indwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n'udukoko
| risks = [[VIH/SIDA]], ''lupus'', uturemangingo two mu muryango
| treatment = Kujyanwa mu bitaro, guhagarika icyayiteye
}}
'''Indwara ya Stevens-Johnson''' (''Stevens–Johnson syndrome'', '''SJS''') ni ingaruka zikomeye zigaragara ku ruhu no ku duce tw'imbere tworoshye tw'umubiri, akenshi ziterwa n'imiti imwe n'imwe.

Ivurirwa mu bitaro, kandi ni indwara y'ibyihutirwa ishobora guhitana umurwayi.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Indwara ya Stevens-Johnson ( SJS ) ni ubwoko bw'ingaruka zikomeye ku ruhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/stevens-johnson-syndrome-toxic-epidermal-necrolysis|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=26 April 2017|language=en|date=July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427085130/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/stevens-johnson-syndrome-toxic-epidermal-necrolysis|archive-date=27 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hamwe na &quot;toxic epidermal necrolysis&quot; (TEN) na &quot;Stevens-Johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis&quot; (SJS/TEN), itera indwara zitandukanye, aho SJS idakabije cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Orph2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Orphanet: Toxic epidermal necrolysis|url=http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=95455|website=Orphanet|access-date=26 April 2017|language=en|date=November 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170427102637/http://www.orpha.net/consor/cgi-bin/OC_Exp.php?lng=EN&amp;Expert=95455|archive-date=27 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Erythema multiforme (EM) muri rusange ifatwa nk'ikibazo cyihariye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schwartz|first=RA|last2=McDonough|first2=PH|last3=Lee|first3=BW|title=Toxic epidermal necrolysis: Part I. Introduction, history, classification, clinical features, systemic manifestations, etiology, and immunopathogenesis.|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|date=August 2013|volume=69|issue=2|pages=173.e1–13; quiz 185–6|pmid=23866878|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2013.05.003}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bya mbere bya SJS birimo umuriro n'ibindi bimenyetso bisa n'ibicurane.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt; Nyuma y'iminsi mike, uruhu rutangira kubyimba no gushibuka, rugakora ahantu hababaza.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt; Uduce tw'imikaya , nk'umunwa, na byo bikunze kugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt; Ingorane zirimo umwuma, sepsis, [[umusonga]] no kunanirwa kw'ingingo nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ikunze kugaragara ni imiti imwe n'imwe nka lamotrigine, carbamazepine, allopurinol, antibiyotike za sulfonamide na nevirapine.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt; Izindi mpamvu zishobora kuba zirimo indwara nka ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' na cytomegalovirus, cyangwa impamvu ishobora kutamenyekana.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Stevens-Johnson syndrome|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7700/stevens-johnson-syndrome|website=GARD|access-date=26 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160828194041/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7700/stevens-johnson-syndrome|archive-date=28 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo VIH/SIDA na lupus erythematosus.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Isuzuma rya syndrome ya Stevens-Johnson rishingiye ku kuba uruhu ruri munsi ya 10% by'umubiri rugira ingaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2015&quot; /&gt; Bizwi nka TEN iyo uruhu rurenze 30% rugize ikibazo kandi bigafatwa nk'uburyo bwo hagati iyo 10–30% bigize ikibazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Orph2008&quot; /&gt; Bikekwa ko SJS/TEN ikora ikoresheje uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu bwoko bwa IV.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hyzy|first=Robert C.|title=Evidence-Based Critical Care: A Case Study Approach|date=2017|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319433417|page=761|url=https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=tgImDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA761|language=en|access-date=4 February 2018|archive-date=4 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180204182635/https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=tgImDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA761|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Irimo kandi n'ingaruka z'imiti hamwe na eosinophilia n'ibimenyetso by'umubiri (DRESS syndrome), pustulosis ikabije ya exanthematous (AGEP) hamwe na toxic epidermal necrolysis mu itsinda ry'indwara zizwiho ingaruka zikomeye z'uruhu (SCARs).&lt;ref name=&quot;Adler2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Adler NR, Aung AK, Ergen EN, Trubiano J, Goh MS, Phillips EJ|title=Recent advances in the understanding of severe cutaneous adverse reactions|journal=The British Journal of Dermatology|volume=177|issue=5|pages=1234–1247|year=2017|pmid=28256714|pmc=5582023|doi=10.1111/bjd.15423|url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubuvuzi n'ikwirakwira ==
Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bubera mu bitaro nko mu cyumba cy’ubushye cyangwa icy’indembe.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2015&quot; /&gt; Ibikorwa bishobora kuba birimo guhagarika icyayiteye, imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ububabare, imiti igabanya ubukana, imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara mu mitsi cyangwa imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2015&quot; /&gt; Hamwe na TEN, SJS igira ingaruka ku muntu umwe kugeza kuri 2 kuri miliyoni buri mwaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt; Indwara isanzwe iba munsi y'imyaka 30.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2015&quot; /&gt; Uruhu rukunze kongera gukura mu byumweru bibiri cyangwa bitatu; icyakora, gukira burundu bishobora gufata amezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2015&quot; /&gt; Muri rusange, ibyago byo gupfa ukoresheje SJS ni 5 kugeza 10%.&lt;ref name=&quot;GHR2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ler2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lerch M, Mainetti C, Terziroli Beretta-Piccoli B, Harr T|title=Current Perspectives on Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis|journal=Clinical Reviews in Allergy &amp; Immunology|volume=54|issue=1|pages=147–176|year=2017|pmid=29188475|doi=10.1007/s12016-017-8654-z|url=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Umusonga]]
* [[VIH/SIDA]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>jqopp2zsmshzau82sq6ytv8ugawg8s5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Dapagliflozin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23362</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141455</id>
      <parentid>141213</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T17:09:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141455</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4444" sha1="ih3aipncjgx6nluxfx71yiefhiq3pe2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Dapagliflozin
| image = Dapagliflozin skeletal.svg
| tradename = Farxiga, Forxiga, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a614015
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa
| ATC_prefix = A10
| ATC_suffix = BK01
| CAS_number = 461432-26-8
| PubChem = 9887712
| DrugBank = DB06292
| UNII = 1ULL0QJ8UC
| KEGG = D08897
| ChEMBL = 429910
| C=21 | H=25 | Cl=1 | O=6
}}
'''Dapagliflozin''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Farxiga''' cyangwa '''Forxiga''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2, ukanakoreshwa ku barwayi bafite umutima unaniwe.

Ifatwa mu kanwa rimwe ku munsi.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Forxiga dapagliflozin.jpg|thumb|Dapagliflozin]]
Dapagliflozin, igurishwa ku izina rya Farxiga n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 2.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dapagliflozin Propanediol Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dapagliflozin-propanediol.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 December 2020|language=en|archive-date=17 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200217211800/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dapagliflozin-propanediol.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa kandi mu gihe [[umutima]] unaniwe hamwe n'igice cyo gusohora cyagabanutse .  Mu ndwara ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1, ishobora gukoreshwa hamwe na insuline.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF79&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=BNF 79|date=March 2020|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|location=London|isbn=978-0857113658|page=725}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyobwa mu kanwa rimwe ku munsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2020&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kwandura indwara zo mu nkari, indwara ziterwa n'ibihumyo mu kibuno, kwiyongera kw'inkari, isesemi, no kunyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2020&quot; /&gt; Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[isukari]] nke mu maraso, cyane cyane iyo ikoreshejwe hamwe n'indi miti ya diyabete, umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi, Fournier gangrene, ingaruka z'ubwivumbure, na ketoacidosis ya diyabete.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2020&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha ntabwo byemewe mu gihe utwite cyangwa wonsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF79&quot; /&gt; Ni mu cyiciro cya gliflozin (SGLT2 inhibitor).&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2020&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Dapagliflozin yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2020&quot; /&gt; Byazanywe ku isoko bwa mbere na AstraZeneca.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2020&quot; /&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi yatanzwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima nk'umuti usimbura empagliflozin.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO23rd&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|year=2023|hdl=10665/371090|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika bigura hafi amadorari 500 ku kwezi guhera mu 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;GX2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dapagliflozin Prices, Coupons &amp; Savings Tips|url=https://www.goodrx.com/dapagliflozin|website=GoodRx|access-date=3 December 2020|language=en-us|archive-date=14 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160614113403/http://www.goodrx.com/dapagliflozin|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aya mafaranga atwara NHS mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] agera ku biro 40.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF79&quot; /&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 259 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dapagliflozin - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dapagliflozin|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413032132/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dapagliflozin|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Metformin]]
* [[Semaglutide]]
* [[Tirzepatide]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Dapagliflozin |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a614015.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>ih3aipncjgx6nluxfx71yiefhiq3pe2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23363</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141449</id>
      <parentid>141215</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:55:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141449</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10759" sha1="e3t0bqdckkvpn5gv0f20dxd3jgmect3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
| synonyms = HCM
| image = Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.png
| caption = Umutima ufite igice cyabyimbye
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'umutima
| symptoms = Kunanirwa, kubyimba amaguru, kubura umwuka, kubabara mu gituza
| complications = Kunanirwa k'umutima, umutima utera nabi, urupfu rutunguranye
| diagnosis = Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram
| treatment = Imiti, kubagwa, ''défibrillateur''
}}
'''Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy''' ('''HCM''') ni indwara y'umutima aho igice cy'umutima kibyimba nta mpamvu igaragara. Akenshi umuntu ayiragwa n'ababyeyi be, kandi ishobora gutera kunanirwa k'umutima cyangwa urupfu rutunguranye.

== Ibimenyetso ==
[[Dosiye:Hypertrophic-Cardiomyopathy-Complicated-by-Pulmonary-Edema-in-the-Postpartum-Period-802352.f2.ogv|thumb|Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]]
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM ) ni indwara y'umutima aho igice [[Umutima|cy'umutima]] kibyimba nta mpamvu igaragara ihari.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raja2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Cui|first=Hao|last2=Schaff|first2=Hartzell V.|editor-last=Raja|editor-first=Shahzad G.|title=Cardiac Surgery: A Complete Guide|date=2020|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-24176-6|pages=735-748|chapter-url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA735|language=en|chapter=80. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|access-date=2022-10-13|archive-date=2022-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013073118/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kcPPDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA735|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso biratandukanye kuva ku kunanirwa, kubyimba amaguru, no kubura umwuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Sym&quot; /&gt; Bishobora kandi gutera ububabare mu gituza cyangwa gucika intege.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Sym&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cardiomyopathy?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/signs|website=NHLBI|publisher=National Heart Lung and Blood Institute|access-date=13 October 2022|date=24 March 2022|archive-date=28 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728023343/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/signs|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingorane zirimo kunanirwa k'umutima, umutima utera nabi, n'urupfu rutunguranye rw'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016What&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Cardiomyopathy?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm|website=NHLBI|access-date=10 November 2017|date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110172002/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm|archive-date=10 November 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SCD2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barsheshet A, Brenyo A, Moss AJ, Goldenberg I|s2cid=25887172|title=Genetics of sudden cardiac death|journal=Current Cardiology Reports|volume=13|issue=5|pages=364–76|date=October 2011|pmid=21789574|doi=10.1007/s11886-011-0209-y}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Akenshi umuntu aragwa n'ababyeyi be.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Causes Cardiomyopathy?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/causes|website=NHLBI|access-date=10 November 2017|date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005114628/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/causes|archive-date=5 October 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akenshi biterwa n'impinduka mu turemangingo tumwe na tumwe twita ku gukora poroteyine z'imitsi y'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Ca&quot; /&gt; Izindi mpamvu zishobora kuba zirimo indwara ya Fabry, Friedreich's ataxia, n'imiti imwe n'imwe nka tacrolimus.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fer2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2018 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2017|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323529570|page=246|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA246|access-date=2017-11-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225010/https://books.google.ca/books?id=wGclDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA246|archive-date=2017-11-10|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ubwoko bwa cardiomyopathy, itsinda ry'indwara zifata cyane cyane imitsi y'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016What&quot; /&gt; Imitsi y'umutima ikomeye ituma umutima udashobora gusohora [[amaraso]] neza, kandi septum y'umutima ifite ubukana ishobora gutuma amaraso ava mu gice cy'ibumoso cy'umutima ajya mu gice cy'umutima (aorta) ndetse n'ingufu za mitral zigabanuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHA2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=AHA|title=Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)|url=https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy|website=www.heart.org|publisher=American Heart Association|access-date=13 October 2022|language=en|date=13 May 2022|archive-date=6 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006155510/https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cardiomyopathy/what-is-cardiomyopathy-in-adults/hypertrophic-cardiomyopathy|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Raja2020&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma n'ubuvuzi ==
Gusuzuma indwara hakoreshejwe electrocardiogram na echocardiogram.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHAGuide2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ommen|first=Steve R.|last2=Mital|first2=Seema|last3=Burke|first3=Michael A.|last4=Day|first4=Sharlene M.|last5=Deswal|first5=Anita|last6=Elliott|first6=Perry|last7=Evanovich|first7=Lauren L.|last8=Hung|first8=Judy|last9=Joglar|first9=José A.|last10=Kantor|first10=Paul|last11=Kimmelstiel|first11=Carey|last12=Kittleson|first12=Michelle|last13=Link|first13=Mark S.|last14=Maron|first14=Martin S.|last15=Martinez|first15=Matthew W.|title=2020 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Executive Summary|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|date=22 December 2020|volume=76|issue=25|pages=3022–3055|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.044|pmid=33229115|url=https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.044|access-date=14 October 2022|archive-date=16 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016125440/https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.044|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo gupima stress no gupima imiterere y'umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHAGuide2020&quot; /&gt; Abo mu muryango wawe bashobora gukorerwa isuzuma.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHAGuide2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Phelan2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Phelan|first=Dermot M.|last2=Symanski|first2=John|editor-last=EngelEngel|editor-first=David J.|editor-last2=Phelan|editor-first2=Dermot M.|title=Sports Cardiology: Care of the Athletic Heart from the Clinic to the Sidelines|date=2021|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-030-69383-1|pages=97-110|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ABAtEAAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq|language=en|chapter=7. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy|access-date=2022-10-14|archive-date=2022-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014103414/https://books.google.com/books?id=ABAtEAAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi butangirira kuri beta blockers, verapamil, na disopyramide.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raja2020&quot; /&gt; Utunyangingo tw'imitsi bikoreshwa witonze kuko bishobora kugabanya ingano y'amaraso yo mu nda y'ibumoso n'amazi asohoka.&lt;ref name=&quot;emed.treatment2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Shah|first=Sandy N.|title=Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Treatment &amp; Management: Approach Considerations, Left Ventricular Myomectomy and Mitral Valve Replacement, Pacemaker Implantation|url=https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152913-treatment?icd=ssl_login_success_221013|publisher=emedicine|access-date=13 October 2022|date=29 April 2022|archive-date=13 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013073117/https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/152913-treatment?icd=ssl_login_success_221013|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umuti utera umutima gutera amaraso ushobora guterwa inkunga ku bantu bafite ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'umutima utera nabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHAGuide2020&quot; /&gt; Kubagwa, mu buryo bwo kubagwa kwa septal myectomy cyangwa kubagwa umutima, bishobora gukorwa ku bantu batameze neza hakoreshejwe izindi ngamba.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHA2022&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ralph2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ralph-Edwards|first=Anthony|last2=Vanderlaan|first2=Rachel D.|last3=Bajona|first3=Pietro|title=Transaortic septal myectomy: techniques and pitfalls|journal=Annals of Cardiothoracic Surgery|date=July 2017|volume=6|issue=4|pages=410–415|doi=10.21037/acs.2017.07.08|pmid=28944183|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5602211/|issn=2225-319X|access-date=2022-10-13|archive-date=2022-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221013091542/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5602211/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo umuntu avuwe, ibyago byo gupfa azize iyi ndwara biri munsi ya 1% ku mwaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mar2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Maron BJ, Ommen SR, Semsarian C, Spirito P, Olivotto I, Maron MS|title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: present and future, with translation into contemporary cardiovascular medicine|journal=Journal of the American College of Cardiology|volume=64|issue=1|pages=83–99|date=July 2014|pmid=24998133|doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.003|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
HCM igira ingaruka ku muntu umwe kuri 200.&lt;ref name=&quot;Raja2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ralph2017&quot; /&gt; Igipimo ku bagabo n'abagore kiri hafi kungana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Type&quot; /&gt; Abantu b'ingeri zose bashobora kugerwaho n'ingaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016Type&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Types of Cardiomyopathy|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/types|website=NHLBI|access-date=10 November 2017|date=22 June 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171004214624/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/cm/types|archive-date=4 October 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyito ya mbere igezweho y’iyi ndwara yanditswe na Donald Teare mu 1958.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Teare D|title=Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults|journal=British Heart Journal|volume=20|issue=1|pages=1–8|date=January 1958|pmid=13499764|pmc=492780|doi=10.1136/hrt.20.1.1}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=McKenna WJ, Sen-Chowdhry S|title=From Teare to the present day: a fifty year odyssey in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a paradigm for the logic of the discovery process|journal=Revista Espanola de Cardiologia|volume=61|issue=12|pages=1239–44|date=December 2008|pmid=19080961|doi=10.1016/S1885-5857(09)60050-5|url=http://www.revespcardiol.org/en/from-teare-to-the-present/articulo/13130628/|access-date=2017-02-06|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171111041703/http://www.revespcardiol.org/en/from-teare-to-the-present/articulo/13130628/|archive-date=2017-11-11}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'umutima]]
* [[Umutima]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>e3t0bqdckkvpn5gv0f20dxd3jgmect3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Encephalitis iraremba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23364</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141448</id>
      <parentid>141217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:55:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141448</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4350" sha1="b8hxb4zxmno6wobfk4mya47044t6fqd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Encephalitis lethargica
| image = Economo1918h.PNG
| caption = Umurwayi wa ''encephalitis lethargica''
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko n'imitsi
| symptoms = Umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, kureba kabiri, gucika intege
}}
'''Encephalitis lethargica''' ('''EL''', izwi kandi nka ''indwara yo gusinzira'') ni ubwoko bw'ububyimbirwe bw'ubwonko butera umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, kureba kabiri no gucika intege. Yabaye icyorezo ku isi hose kuva mu 1916, kandi impamvu yayo ntiramenyekana.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Ubunebwe bwa Encephalitis ( EL ) ni ubwoko bw'ububyimbirwe bw'ubwonko bugaragazwa mu ntangiriro n'umuriro, kuribwa umutwe, kureba kabiri, uburwayi bwo mu mutwe, no gucika intege.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Encephalitis Lethargica Information Page {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Encephalitis-Lethargica-Information-Page|website=www.ninds.nih.gov|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104195107/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Encephalitis-Lethargica-Information-Page|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kenshi na kenshi, ibi bitera ko umuntu arwara koma buhoro buhoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Berger JR, Vilensky JA|title=Encephalitis lethargica (von Economo's encephalitis)|journal=Handbook of Clinical Neurology|volume=123|issue=|pages=745–761|date=2014|pmid=25015515|doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-53488-0.00036-5|isbn=9780444534880}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Indwara ya Parkinson]] cyangwa igicuri ishobora kugaragara mu myaka ikurikira indwara ya mbere.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ntiramenyekana.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2021&quot; /&gt; Mu byo umuntu yatanga harimo indwara nk'ibicurane cyangwa ubwiyongere bw'umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; Nibura mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, iyi ndwara yagaragaye ko yakwirakwiriye hagati y’abantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; Mu gihe cyo gutwita, umwana ashobora no kugira ingaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; Uburyo bw'ibanze bwabaga burimo kubyimba ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ubwonko, mesencephalon na diencephalon.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; Gusuzuma byashingiye ku bimenyetso nyuma yo kwemeza ko hari abandi bantu bashobora kuba baranduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Ubuvuzi bushingira ku bimenyetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2021&quot; /&gt; Levodopa bishobora gutuma habaho iterambere rikomeye nubwo ari iry'igihe gito.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; Ibisubizo biterwa n'ingorane zijyanye nabyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2021&quot; /&gt; Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abantu bapfuye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cam2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Harley|first=Trevor A.|title=The Science of Consciousness|date=18 February 2021|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-12528-5|page=282|url=https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Science_of_Consciousness/3DcTEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=&amp;pg=PA282|language=en|access-date=6 July 2021|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828073613/https://www.google.ca/books/edition/The_Science_of_Consciousness/3DcTEAAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=&amp;pg=PA282|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benshi mu barokotse basizwe [[ubumuga]] buhoraho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka n'ikwirakwira ==
Indwara z'ibyorezo indwara zabaye ku isi hose kuva mu 1916 kugeza mu 1930 kandi zagize ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 5.&lt;ref name=&quot;NINDS2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cam2021&quot; /&gt; Bikekwa ko icyorezo cyabayeho mbere, kandi kuva icyo gihe abantu batageze kuri 20 bamaze kugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1917 na Constantin von Economo na Jean-René Cruchet.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|first=K.|last=von Economo|journal=Wiener klinische Wochenschrift|date=May 10, 1917|volume=30|pages=581–585|language=de|title=Die Encephalitis lethargica.|location=Leipzig and Vienna|publisher=Franz Deuticke 1918}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; Nanone byitwa &quot;indwara yo gusinzira&quot; cyangwa &quot;indwara yo gusinzira&quot;; &lt;ref name=&quot;Berger2014&quot; /&gt; nubwo bitajyanye [[Indwara y’umusinziro nyafurika|n'indwara yo gusinzira]] yandurira mu nzi za tsetse.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cam2021&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara ya Parkinson]]
* [[Ibicurane]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>b8hxb4zxmno6wobfk4mya47044t6fqd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara ya Cushing</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23365</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141447</id>
      <parentid>141219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:32:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141447</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9551" sha1="3jipaonzhmivm39f077hv7fs8cov6ym" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Indwara ya Cushing
| synonyms = ''Cushing's syndrome'', ''hypercortisolism''
| image = CushingsFace.jpg
| caption = Isura y'umurwayi ufite indwara ya Cushing
| field = Endocrinologie
| symptoms = Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umubyibuho wo mu nda, isura izengurutse
| onset = Imyaka 20–50
| causes = Gufata igihe kirekire imiti ya glucocorticoid, ibibyimba
}}
'''Indwara ya Cushing''' (''Cushing's syndrome'') ni ihuriro ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku kugira igihe kirekire glucocorticoid nyinshi mu mubiri, nka cortisol. Akenshi iterwa n'imiti nka prednisone, kandi indwara nyinshi zayo zishobora kuvurwa zigakira.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Indwara ya Cushing ni ihuriro ry'ibimenyetso bituruka ku kuba umuntu ahora anywa glucocorticoids nka cortisol.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cushing's Syndrome|url=http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/cushings/cushings.aspx#1|publisher=National Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Information Service (NEMDIS)|access-date=16 March 2015|date=July 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150210104139/http://endocrine.niddk.nih.gov/pubs/cushings/cushings.aspx#1|archive-date=10 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umubyibuho ukabije wo mu nda ariko amaboko n'amaguru byoroshye, isura izengurutse, ikibyimba kiri hagati y'ibitugu, imitsi idakomeye n'amagufwa adakomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2008&quot; /&gt; Impinduka mu ruhu zirimo kuma, kumera k'umusatsi mwinshi, isura itukura, ibisebe byo kunyara, [[Ibiheri byo mu maso|ibiheri]], n'uruhu rworoshye rukira nabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=496-497|edition=13th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA496&amp;dq=Endocrine&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=24. Endocrine diseases}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abagore bashobora kugira imihango idahwitse.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Sym&quot; /&gt; Hari igihe hashobora kubaho impinduka mu byiyumvo, kuribwa umutwe, no kumva umunaniro udashira.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Sym&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What are the symptoms of Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/symptoms.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402183051/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/symptoms.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Indwara ya Cushing iterwa n'imiti ikabije nka cortisol nka prednisone cyangwa ikibyimba gitera cyangwa kigatera ikorwa rya cortisol ikabije n'uturemangingo tw'inkende.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Cause&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What causes Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/causes.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193822/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/causes.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ziterwa n'indwara ya pituitary adenoma zizwi nka Cushing's disease, ikaba ari yo mpamvu ya kabiri ikunze gutera indwara ya Cushing's syndrome nyuma y'imiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2008&quot; /&gt; Hari n'izindi [[kanseri]] nyinshi zishobora gutera indwara ya Cushing.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2008&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Nieman|first=LK|last2=Ilias, I|title=Evaluation and treatment of Cushing's syndrome.|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|date=December 2005|volume=118|issue=12|pages=1340–6|pmid=16378774|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.01.059|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258724|access-date=2018-09-22|archive-date=2018-12-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207045544/https://zenodo.org/record/1258724|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bimwe muri ibi bifitanye isano n'indwara z'umubiri nk'indwara nyinshi zo mu bwoko bwa 1 na Carney complex.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Epi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How many people are affected by or at risk for Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/risk.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402220131/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/risk.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gusuzuma indwara bisaba intambwe nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Diag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How do health care providers diagnose Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/diagnosed.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402162423/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/diagnosed.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intambwe ya mbere ni ukugenzura imiti umuntu afata.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Diag&quot; /&gt; Intambwe ya kabiri ni ugupima urugero rwa cortisol mu nkari, mu macandwe cyangwa mu maraso nyuma yo gufata dexamethasone.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Diag&quot; /&gt; Iyo iki kizamini kidakunze kugaragara, cortisol ishobora gupimwa nijoro cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Diag&quot; /&gt; Iyo cortisol ikomeje kuba nyinshi, hashobora gukorwa isuzuma ry'amaraso rya ACTH.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Diag&quot; /&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Indwara nyinshi zishobora kuvurwa no gukira.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Is there a cure for Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/cure.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150327103924/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/cure.aspx|archive-date=27 March 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo biterwa n'imiti, akenshi iyi miti ishobora kugabanuka buhoro buhoro iyo ikenewe cyangwa igahagarara buhoro buhoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Tx2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What are the treatments for Cushing's syndrome?|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/treatments.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402102535/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/pages/treatments.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mayo2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cushing-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351314|title=Cushing syndrome - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic|website=www.mayoclinic.org|access-date=2019-04-21|archive-date=2020-03-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200321045921/https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cushing-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351314|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo itewe n'ikibyimba, ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubaga, imiti ivura indwara ya kanseri, cyangwa imirasire.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Tx2&quot; /&gt; Iyo pituitary yagizweho ingaruka, hashobora kuba hakenewe indi miti kugira ngo isimbuze imikorere yayo yatakaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Tx2&quot; /&gt; Mu kuvurwa, igihe cyo kubaho gisanzwe kiba gisanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Tx&quot; /&gt; Bamwe mu bo kubagwa bitabasha gukuraho ikibyimba cyose, bafite ibyago byinshi byo gupfa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Graversen D, Vestergaard P, Stochholm K, Gravholt CH, Jørgensen JO|title=Mortality in Cushing's syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=European Journal of Internal Medicine|volume=23|issue=3|pages=278–82|date=April 2012|pmid=22385888|doi=10.1016/j.ejim.2011.10.013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Abantu bagera kuri babiri kugeza kuri batatu kuri miliyoni buri mwaka barayibasirwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Epi&quot; /&gt; Ikunze kwibasira abantu bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 20 na 50.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2008&quot; /&gt; Abagore bibasirwa n’iyi ndwara inshuro eshatu kurusha abagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2012Epi&quot; /&gt; Icyakora, urugero ruto rw'umusaruro ukabije wa cortisol nta bimenyetso bigaragara ni rwo rukunze kugaragara.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Steffensen C, Bak AM, Rubeck KZ, Jørgensen JO|title=Epidemiology of Cushing's syndrome|journal=Neuroendocrinology|volume=92 Suppl 1|pages=1–5|date=2010|pmid=20829610|doi=10.1159/000314297|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ya Cushing yasobanuwe bwa mbere n'umuganga w'imitsi w'umunyamerika Harvey Cushing mu 1932.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Cushing Syndrome: Condition Information|url=http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=16 March 2015|date=2012-11-30|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402193912/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/cushing/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ya Cushing ishobora no kugaragara mu zindi nyamaswa zirimo [[injangwe]], [[imbwa]] n'amafarashi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Etienne Cote|title=Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Dogs and Cats|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323240741|page=502|edition=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmziBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA502|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908153203/https://books.google.com/books?id=NmziBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA502|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=McCue PM|title=Equine Cushing's disease|journal=The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Equine Practice|volume=18|issue=3|pages=533–43, viii|date=December 2002|pmid=12516933|doi=10.1016/s0749-0739(02)00038-x}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Deksamethasoni]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>3jipaonzhmivm39f077hv7fs8cov6ym</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara ya Prion</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23366</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141446</id>
      <parentid>141221</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:32:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141446</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5042" sha1="9gtmmlacwzak9intbn9peiib2wdszn0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Indwara ya Prion
| synonyms = ''Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy'' (TSE)
| image = Spongiform degeneration in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.jpg
| caption = Ubwonko bwangiritse bugira imyobo mito (''spongiform'') mu ndwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ubwonko n'imitsi
| symptoms = Kwibagirwa, igicuri, guhinda umushyitsi, kudasinzira
| onset = Amezi 6 kugeza ku myaka 30
| causes = Prion
| treatment = Ubuvuzi bworohereza umurwayi
| prognosis = Buri gihe irica
}}
'''Indwara ya Prion''' (''transmissible spongiform encephalopathy'', '''TSE''') ni itsinda ry'indwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa na poroteyine zigoramye zitwa ''prion'', zitera gupfa k'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko. Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuyivura cyangwa urukingo buhari, kandi zirica.

== Ibimenyetso ==
[[Dosiye:Scrapie prions.jpg|thumb|Indwara ya Prion]]
Indwara ya Prion, izwi kandi nka transmissible spongiform encephalopathy ( TSE ), ni itsinda ry'indwara zo mu bwonko zitera gutakaza uturemangingo tw'ubwonko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Iron2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Ironside|first=JW|last2=Ritchie|first2=DL|last3=Head|first3=MW|title=Prion diseases.|journal=Handbook of clinical neurology|date=2017|volume=145|pages=393-403|doi=10.1016/B978-0-12-802395-2.00028-6|pmid=28987186}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze kuba birimo kugorwa no gutekereza, impinduka mu miterere y'umubiri, n'ibibazo byo guhuza imikorere y'umubiri, ibyo bikaba birushaho kwiyongera uko igihe kigenda gihita.&lt;ref name=NINDS2025&gt;{{cite web |title=Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies |url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathies |website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |access-date=23 April 2023 |language=en |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164125/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathies |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423164125/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/transmissible-spongiform-encephalopathies |date=23 April 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kwihuta, [[gusinzira]] nabi, no gukubita ibisebe.&lt;ref name=NINDS2025 /&gt; Bishobora gufata imyaka myinshi uhereye igihe ibimenyetso bitangiye kugaragara.  Ariko, iyo ibimenyetso bitangiye, urupfu rukunze kugaragara mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu nyamukuru ni poroteyine isanzwe ihari ariko igonganye, izwi nka prion, ituma poroteyine zisanzwe zigonganye.   Iyi ndwara ishobora gutangira mu buryo butunguranye, igaterwa n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo umuntu akura ku babyeyi be, cyangwa igakwirakwira hagati y'abantu.&lt;ref name=NINDS2025 /&gt; Bishobora gukwirakwira binyuze mu gukora ku ngingo zanduye cyangwa ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi byanduye; ariko, ntibikwirakwira binyuze mu mwuka cyangwa mu buryo bwinshi bwo gukoranaho bisanzwe.&lt;ref name=NINDS2025 /&gt; Isuzuma rishobora gukeka ko rishingiye ku isuzuma kandi rikemezwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gusuzuma [[ubwonko]].&lt;ref name=NINDS2025 /&gt; Bituma ubwonko bugira utwenge duto cyane, bigatuma bugaragara nk'aho ari nk'aho butwikiriwe na mikorosikopi.&lt;ref name=NINDS2025 /&gt;

== Ubwoko ==
Indwara mu bantu zirimo indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD), indwara ya Creutzfeldt-Jakob (vCJD), kuru, indwara ya prionopathy iterwa na poroteyine, indwara ya Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker, hamwe n'indwara yo kudasinzira neza .   Indwara mu zindi nyamaswa zirimo indwara yo mu bwonko yitwa spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie, n'indwara yo gupfusha ubusa igihe kirekire.&lt;ref name=NINDS2025 /&gt; vCJD bikekwa ko iterwa no kurya [[inyama]] z'inka yanduye BSE.

== Ubuvuzi n'ikwirakwira ==
Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura cyangwa urukingo buhari .  Ubuyobozi ni ubuvuzi bushyigikira .  Gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo koroshya indwara ntibituma prions zidandura, ahubwo hakoreshejwe bleach ikomeye mu buryo bwa sodium hypochlorite cyangwa ubushyuhe kugeza nibura kuri dogere 134.&amp;nbsp;°C irakenewe.  Indwara za Prion ni gake cyane.&lt;ref name=CDC2025&gt;{{cite web |title=About Prion Diseases |url=https://www.cdc.gov/prions/about/index.html |website=Prion Diseases |publisher=CDC |access-date=18 March 2025 |language=en-us |date=22 April 2024 |archive-date=19 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319233857/https://www.cdc.gov/prions/about/index.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250319233857/https://www.cdc.gov/prions/about/index.html |date=19 March 2025 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuru ni yo ndwara ya mbere yemejwe nk'iyi, yasobanuwe mu 1957.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lib2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Liberski|first=PP|last2=Gajos|first2=A|last3=Sikorska|first3=B|last4=Lindenbaum|first4=S|title=Kuru, the First Human Prion Disease.|journal=Viruses|date=7 March 2019|volume=11|issue=3|doi=10.3390/v11030232|pmc=6466359|pmid=30866511}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ubwonko]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>9gtmmlacwzak9intbn9peiib2wdszn0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umwobo w'ibuye</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23367</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141445</id>
      <parentid>141223</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:32:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora ubusemuzi, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141445</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4436" sha1="cpv5ssqwb24c52et23enpybnykcfcuq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox
| title = Umwobo wa ''burr'' (''trépanation'')
| image = [[Dosiye:ChronicSubduralPostBurrHoles.jpg|250px]]
| caption = Amaraso yavuye munsi y'agahu gapfuka ubwonko, n'imyobo ya ''burr'' yakozwe mbere
| label1 = Andi mazina
| data1 = ''Burr hole'', ''trepanation'', ''trephination''
| label2 = Ishami ry'ubuvuzi
| data2 = Kubaga ubwonko, ubuvuzi bw'ibyihutirwa
| label3 = Icyo bikorerwa
| data3 = Hematoma ''épidurale'' cyangwa ''sous-durale''
}}
'''Umwobo wa ''burr''''' (''trépanation'') ni uburyo bwo kubaga bukorwa hacukurwa umwobo mu gihanga. Bukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura amaraso yireze mu mutwe (''hematoma''), kandi ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kubaga bwa kera cyane bwakozwe mu mateka.

== Icyo bikoreshwa ==
[[Dosiye:4384397429 2672721603 bCrâneIncaTrépanation.jpg|thumb|Igihanga cy'Abanka cyacukuwemo umwobo (''trépanation'')]]
Umwobo wa Burr, uzwi kandi ku izina rya trepanation, ni uburyo bwo gukora umwobo unyuze mu gahanga.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hobert|first=L|last2=Binello|first2=E|title=Trepanation in Ancient China.|journal=World neurosurgery|date=May 2017|volume=101|pages=451–456|doi=10.1016/j.wneu.2016.10.051|pmid=27769950}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bikorwa mu kuvura hematoma ziri hejuru cyangwa munsi y'agahu gakomeye gapfuka [[ubwonko]] iyo habayeho impinduka hagati, igipimo cya Glasgow coma kiri munsi ya 8, kandi imboni y'ijisho rimwe yagutse.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Unlocking Common ED Procedures – Crackin’ the Cranium: A Review of Cranial Burr Hole Decompression|url=http://www.emdocs.net/unlocking-common-ed-procedures-crackin-the-cranium-a-review-of-cranial-burr-hole-decompression/|website=emDOCs.net - Emergency Medicine Education|access-date=15 March 2021|language=en|date=9 April 2020|archive-date=28 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128222638/http://www.emdocs.net/unlocking-common-ed-procedures-crackin-the-cranium-a-review-of-cranial-burr-hole-decompression/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo akenshi bikorwa n'abaganga b'indwara z'ubwonko, bishobora gukorwa n'umuganga wihutirwa niba uwa mbere adahari.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Scan2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Wilson|first=MH|last2=Wise|first2=D|last3=Davies|first3=G|last4=Lockey|first4=D|title=Emergency burr holes: &quot;How to do it&quot;.|journal=Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine|date=2 April 2012|volume=20|pages=24|doi=10.1186/1757-7241-20-24|pmid=22469190}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uko bikorwa ==
Muri rusange umuntu aterwa ikinya mbere yo gutangira.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Aho [[amaraso]] yavuye byemezwa kuri CT scan kandi ubugari bw'agahanga kari hejuru y'umutwe bupimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Aho hantu ni ho kogoshwa, hagashyirwamo imiti yica udukoko, hanyuma hagaterwa [[lidocaine]] irimo epinephrine.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Hakatwa uruhu kugeza ku igufwa, ahantu hareshya na santimetero 4.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Ibi muri rusange bikorwa intoki ebyiri imbere n'intoki ebyiri hejuru y'umuyoboro w'ugutwi.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Agakoresho ko kugarura uruhu gakoreshwa mu kugumisha uruhu rufunguye mu gihe agakoresho ko kuvoma gakoreshwa mu kunyura mu gahanga.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Iyo amaraso afite epidural hematoma, ashobora gusohoka cyangwa agakenera gukururwa buhoro buhoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Ku bijyanye na hematoma iri munsi y'agahu gapfuka ubwonko (''dura mater''), ako gahu kagomba guterurwa hakoreshejwe agakoresho gatyaye kandi kagacibwamo ishusho ya X.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka n'amateka ==
Antibiyotike zigomba gutangwa kugira ngo hirindwe kwandura kandi umuntu agomba kwitabwaho by’umwihariko binyuze mu kubaga ubwonko.&lt;ref name=&quot;EMD2021&quot; /&gt; Trepanation ni bwo bwoko bwa kera cyane bwo kubaga bufite ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko bwakozwe mu mateka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Far2013a&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Faria|first=Miguel A.|date=2013-04-05|title=Violence, mental illness, and the brain – A brief history of psychosurgery: Part 1 – From trephination to lobotomy|journal=Surgical Neurology International|volume=4|pages=49|doi=10.4103/2152-7806.110146|issn=2229-5097|pmc=3640229|pmid=23646259}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abahanga mu by'imibereho y'abantu bemeza ko byabanje gukorwa ku bw'inyungu z'umwuka, igicuri, kuribwa umutwe, ibikomere byo mu mutwe, [[Indwara zo mu mutwe|n'indwara zo mu mutwe]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Far2013a&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ubwonko]]
* [[Lidocaine]]

[[Ikiciro:Ubuzima]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>cpv5ssqwb24c52et23enpybnykcfcuq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23368</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141444</id>
      <parentid>141225</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:27:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141444</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5239" sha1="trck8wdogxt0qx79rmew5suc1qjwyr8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo
| synonyms = ''Erectile dysfunction'' (ED), ''impotence''
| image = Erectile dysfunction.jpg
| field = Urologie, ubuvuzi bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina
| symptoms = Kudashobora gufata cyangwa kugumana umurego
| risks = Indwara z'umutima, diyabete, kunywa itabi, guhangayika
| prevention = Imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije
| medication = Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
}}
'''Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo''' (''erectile dysfunction'', '''ED''', cyangwa ''impotence'') ni ikibazo aho igitsina cy'umugabo kidakomera bihagije ngo akore [[imibonano mpuzabitsina]] ishimishije. Gishobora guterwa n'impamvu z'umubiri cyangwa izo mu mutwe, kandi kiravurwa.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Kudakora neza kw'imibonano mpuzabitsina ( ED ), nanone bita impotence, ni ubwoko bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakora neza aho igitsina kidakomera bihagije kugira ngo gikore [[imibonano mpuzabitsina]] ishimishije.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition &amp; Facts for Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/definition-facts|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201000201/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/definition-facts|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishobora kuba ikibazo cy'igihe gito cyangwa kirekire.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt; Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho y'umuntu bigatuma agira [[ihungabana]], guhangayika cyangwa ubugumba.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara birimo diyabete, indwara z'umutima, umubyibuho ukabije, ibibazo by'impyiko, kunywa itabi, [[inzoga]], guhangayika, n'imiti imwe n'imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Ca&quot; /&gt; Imiti ishobora kuba irimo imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, imiti igabanya androgens, benzodiazepines, n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo kwiheba.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Symptoms &amp; Causes of Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202323/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishobora kandi kubaho nyuma y’uburyo bumwe na bumwe nko kubagwa prostate.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Ca&quot; /&gt; Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'isuzuma.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Diag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diagnosis of Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/diagnosis|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202321/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/diagnosis|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba bukubiyemo gukemura impamvu zibitera, impinduka mu mibereho, no gutanga inama.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/treatment|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=22 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222234446/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/treatment|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imiti nka sildenafil ( umuti ubuza PDE5 ) ishobora gukoreshwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Tx&quot; /&gt; Andi mahitamo ashobora kuba arimo alprostadil cyangwa penis pump . Niba izi ngamba zitari kubaga neza, mu buryo bwo gushyiramo igitsina cyangwa imitsi yo mu mitsi, bishobora kuba amahitamo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Tx&quot; /&gt; Ibisubizo biterwa n'impamvu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sooriyamoorthy|first=Thushanth|last2=Leslie|first2=Stephen W.|title=Erectile Dysfunction|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562253/|website=StatPearls|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|access-date=4 February 2022|date=2022|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121000246/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562253/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira n'amateka ==
Kudakora neza kw'intanga ngabo birakunze kugaragara, bikagira ingaruka ku bagabo bagera kuri miliyoni 30 muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt; Nubwo bigenda birushaho kwiyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira, ntabwo ari ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt; Abagabo barengeje imyaka 40 bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2022&quot; /&gt; Abantu ku isi yose baragerwaho n'ingaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2022&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Imibonano mpuzabitsina]]
* [[Ihungabana]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>trck8wdogxt0qx79rmew5suc1qjwyr8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141452</id>
      <parentid>141444</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:56:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Score Beethoven moved page [[Erectile dysfunction]] to [[Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo]]: Umutwe mu Kinyarwanda</comment>
      <origin>141444</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5239" sha1="trck8wdogxt0qx79rmew5suc1qjwyr8" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo
| synonyms = ''Erectile dysfunction'' (ED), ''impotence''
| image = Erectile dysfunction.jpg
| field = Urologie, ubuvuzi bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina
| symptoms = Kudashobora gufata cyangwa kugumana umurego
| risks = Indwara z'umutima, diyabete, kunywa itabi, guhangayika
| prevention = Imyitozo ngororamubiri ihagije
| medication = Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
}}
'''Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo''' (''erectile dysfunction'', '''ED''', cyangwa ''impotence'') ni ikibazo aho igitsina cy'umugabo kidakomera bihagije ngo akore [[imibonano mpuzabitsina]] ishimishije. Gishobora guterwa n'impamvu z'umubiri cyangwa izo mu mutwe, kandi kiravurwa.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Kudakora neza kw'imibonano mpuzabitsina ( ED ), nanone bita impotence, ni ubwoko bw'imibonano mpuzabitsina idakora neza aho igitsina kidakomera bihagije kugira ngo gikore [[imibonano mpuzabitsina]] ishimishije.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition &amp; Facts for Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/definition-facts|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=1 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201000201/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/definition-facts|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishobora kuba ikibazo cy'igihe gito cyangwa kirekire.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt; Bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mibereho y'umuntu bigatuma agira [[ihungabana]], guhangayika cyangwa ubugumba.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Ibintu bishobora gutera indwara birimo diyabete, indwara z'umutima, umubyibuho ukabije, ibibazo by'impyiko, kunywa itabi, [[inzoga]], guhangayika, n'imiti imwe n'imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Ca&quot; /&gt; Imiti ishobora kuba irimo imiti igabanya umuvuduko w'amaraso, imiti igabanya androgens, benzodiazepines, n'imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara zo kwiheba.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Symptoms &amp; Causes of Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202323/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/symptoms-causes|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishobora kandi kubaho nyuma y’uburyo bumwe na bumwe nko kubagwa prostate.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Ca&quot; /&gt; Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'isuzuma.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Diag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diagnosis of Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/diagnosis|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=19 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119202321/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/diagnosis|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba bukubiyemo gukemura impamvu zibitera, impinduka mu mibereho, no gutanga inama.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Treatment for Erectile Dysfunction {{!}} NIDDK|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/treatment|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2022|archive-date=22 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210222234446/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/erectile-dysfunction/treatment|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imiti nka sildenafil ( umuti ubuza PDE5 ) ishobora gukoreshwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Tx&quot; /&gt; Andi mahitamo ashobora kuba arimo alprostadil cyangwa penis pump . Niba izi ngamba zitari kubaga neza, mu buryo bwo gushyiramo igitsina cyangwa imitsi yo mu mitsi, bishobora kuba amahitamo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Tx&quot; /&gt; Ibisubizo biterwa n'impamvu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sooriyamoorthy|first=Thushanth|last2=Leslie|first2=Stephen W.|title=Erectile Dysfunction|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562253/|website=StatPearls|publisher=StatPearls Publishing|access-date=4 February 2022|date=2022|archive-date=21 January 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220121000246/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562253/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira n'amateka ==
Kudakora neza kw'intanga ngabo birakunze kugaragara, bikagira ingaruka ku bagabo bagera kuri miliyoni 30 muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt; Nubwo bigenda birushaho kwiyongera uko imyaka igenda ishira, ntabwo ari ikintu gisanzwe mu gusaza.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2022Fact&quot; /&gt; Abagabo barengeje imyaka 40 bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2022&quot; /&gt; Abantu ku isi yose baragerwaho n'ingaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2022&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Imibonano mpuzabitsina]]
* [[Ihungabana]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>trck8wdogxt0qx79rmew5suc1qjwyr8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Celecoxib</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23369</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141443</id>
      <parentid>141227</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:27:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141443</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7428" sha1="lagrcb7f1rr7sye6na6e96um99h9ybp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Celecoxib
| image = Celecoxib.svg
| tradename = Celebrex, Celebra, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a699022
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa
| ATC_prefix = M01
| ATC_suffix = AH01
| CAS_number = 169590-42-5
| PubChem = 2662
| DrugBank = DB00482
| UNII = JCX84Q7J1L
| KEGG = D00567
| ChEMBL = 118
| C=17 | H=14 | F=3 | N=3 | O=2 | S=1
}}
'''Celecoxib''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Celebrex''', ni umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe utari steroide (NSAID) wo mu bwoko bwa ''COX-2 inhibitor''. Ukoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare n'ububyimbirwe, cyane cyane mu ndwara za rubagimpande, kandi ufatwa mu kanwa.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:セレコックス錠100mg.jpg|thumb|Celecoxib]]
Celecoxib, igurishwa ku izina rya Celebrex n'indi, ni umuti ugabanya ubukana bwa COX-2 n'umuti urwanya ububyimbirwe utari steroide (NSAID).&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celecoxib Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/celecoxib.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|date=11 November 2019|access-date=5 May 2020|archive-date=20 May 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190520124313/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/celecoxib.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa mu kuvura ububabare n'ububyimbirwe mu ndwara ya osteoarthritis, ububabare bukabije ku bantu bakuru, rubagimpande, ankylosing spondylitis, imihango ibabaza, na rubagimpande y'abana bato.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara adenomas zo mu maraso ku bantu bafite polyposis zo mu muryango.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ibyiza bikunze kugaragara mu isaha imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kubabara mu nda, isesemi, no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo [[Indwara y'umutima|indwara z'umutima]], gucika imitsi mu gifu, gucika kw'igifu, kuva [[amaraso]] mu gifu, [[impyiko]] kunanirwa, no kubura umwuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Coxib2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bhala N, Emberson J, Merhi A, Abramson S, Arber N, Baron JA, Bombardier C, Cannon C, Farkouh ME, FitzGerald GA, Goss P, Halls H, Hawk E, Hawkey C, Hennekens C, Hochberg M, Holland LE, Kearney PM, Laine L, Lanas A, Lance P, Laupacis A, Oates J, Patrono C, Schnitzer TJ, Solomon S, Tugwell P, Wilson K, Wittes J, Baigent C|title=Vascular and upper gastrointestinal effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: meta-analyses of individual participant data from randomised trials|journal=Lancet|volume=382|issue=9894|pages=769–79|date=August 2013|pmid=23726390|pmc=3778977|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60900-9}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha ntabwo byemewe ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHA2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Antman EM, Bennett JS, Daugherty A, Furberg C, Roberts H, Taubert KA|title=Use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs: an update for clinicians: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association|journal=Circulation|volume=115|issue=12|pages=1634–42|date=March 2007|pmid=17325246|doi=10.1161/circulationaha.106.181424|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Consumer2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2012/05/should-you-still-take-celebrex/index.htm|title=Should you still take Celebrex?|website=Consumer Reports|date=August 2009|access-date=27 December 2015|archive-date=18 December 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151218111927/http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/2012/05/should-you-still-take-celebrex/index.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingaruka zabyo ni nk'izindi NSAID, nka [[ibuprofen]] na naproxen.&lt;ref name=&quot;NPR2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=Stein|first=Rob|title=FDA Panel Affirms Safety Of Painkiller Celebrex|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/25/605226604/fda-panel-affirms-safety-of-painkiller-celebrex|access-date=19 May 2018|publisher=NPR|date=25 April 2018|archive-date=20 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180520123906/https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/25/605226604/fda-panel-affirms-safety-of-painkiller-celebrex|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] cyangwa mu gihe cyo konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Celecoxib yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1993, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1999.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=522|url=https://books.google.com/?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA522|language=en|access-date=30 April 2020|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828024457/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA522&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Ku kwezi mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] bitwara NHS munsi y'amapawundi 2 kugeza mu 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=1097–1098|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi $12.90.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2011, yari imwe mu miti yagurishijwe cyane ya Pfizer, aho yagurishijwe miliyari 2.5 z'amadolari.&lt;ref name=&quot;NYT2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/health/in-documents-on-pain-drug-celebrex-signs-of-doubt-and-deception.html|title=In Documents on Pain Drug, Signs of Doubt and Deception|work=The New York Times|date=24 June 2012|access-date=27 December 2015|last=Thomas|first=Katie|archive-date=3 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160103151323/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/06/25/health/in-documents-on-pain-drug-celebrex-signs-of-doubt-and-deception.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 106 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni zirindwi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Celecoxib - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Celecoxib|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412021206/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Celecoxib|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ibuprofen]]
* [[Meloxicam]]
* [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Celecoxib |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a699022.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>lagrcb7f1rr7sye6na6e96um99h9ybp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23370</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141442</id>
      <parentid>141230</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:27:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141442</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6717" sha1="h78a49fcf43utcoahtped4ub0ba4veb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi
| synonyms = ''Ectopic pregnancy'', ''grossesse extra-utérine''
| image = Tubal Pregnancy with embryo.jpg
| caption = Inda yafatiye mu muyoborantanga, irimo urusoro
| field = Ububyaza n'indwara z'abagore, ubuvuzi bw'ibyihutirwa
| symptoms = Kubabara mu nda, kuva amaraso mu gitsina
| risks = Indwara zo mu kiziba cy'inda, kunywa itabi, kubagwa imiyoborantanga
| diagnosis = Gupima amaraso (hCG), ultrasound
| treatment = Methotrexate, kubagwa
}}
'''Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi''' (''ectopic pregnancy'') ni ikibazo cyo gutwita aho urusoro rwifata hanze ya nyababyeyi (umura). Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ukubabara mu nda no kuva amaraso mu gitsina; ni ikibazo cyihutirwa gisaba kuvurwa vuba.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi ni ikibazo cyo gutwita aho urusoro rwifata hanze y'umura.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T|title=Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location|journal=Human Reproduction Update|volume=20|issue=2|pages=250–61|year=2014|pmid=24101604|doi=10.1093/humupd/dmt047|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo kubabara mu nda no kuva [[amaraso]] mu gitsina, ariko abagore babarirwa munsi ya 50 ku ijana by'abanduye bafite ibi bimenyetso byombi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Crochet JR, Bastian LA, Chireau MV|s2cid=205049738|title=Does this woman have an ectopic pregnancy?: the rational clinical examination systematic review|journal=JAMA|volume=309|issue=16|pages=1722–9|year=2013|pmid=23613077|doi=10.1001/jama.2013.3914}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ububabare bushobora gusobanurwa nk'ubukana bukabije, butoroshye, cyangwa buterwa n'ibisebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Ububabare bushobora no gukwirakwira mu rutugu iyo habayeho kuva amaraso mu nda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Kuva amaraso menshi bishobora gutuma [[umutima]] utera cyane, gucika intege, cyangwa gutungurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Nubwo hari igihe kidasanzwe, umwana uri mu nda ntashobora kubaho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zhang J, Li F, Sheng Q|title=Full-term abdominal pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature|journal=Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation|volume=65|issue=2|pages=139–41|date=2008|pmid=17957101|doi=10.1159/000110015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Ibintu bishobora gutera gutwita hanze ya nyababyeyi birimo indwara yo kubyimba mu kibuno, akenshi iterwa n'ubwandu bwa chlamydia ; kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]] ; kubagwa mbere mu miyoboro y'amaraso; amateka yo kutabyara ; no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryifashishijwe mu kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cecchino GN, Araujo Júnior E, Elito Júnior J|title=Methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy: when and how|journal=Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics|volume=290|issue=3|pages=417–23|date=September 2014|pmid=24791968|doi=10.1007/s00404-014-3266-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abahoze batwita inda itarabyara bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubyara indi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Inyinshi mu nda zitwite hanze y'uruhu (90%) zibera mu muyoboro w'inda, bizwi nka &quot;tubal pregnancies&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; ariko gutera inda bishobora no kubaho ku nkondo y'umura, ku dusabo tw'intanga, cyangwa mu nda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Gupima inda itwite mu nda akenshi bipimwa amaraso kugira ngo harebwe ko umuntu atwite (hCG) na ultrasound.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Ibi bishobora gusaba ibizamini inshuro zirenze imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Ultrasound ikora neza iyo ikorewe mu gitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Izindi mpamvu zitera ibimenyetso nk'ibi zirimo: gukuramo inda, gucika kw'intanga ngore, na appendicitis ikabije.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt;

== Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi ==
Kwirinda ni ukugabanya ibintu bishobora gutera indwara nka chlamydia binyuze mu gusuzuma no kuvura.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nama2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nama V, Manyonda I|title=Tubal ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis and management|journal=Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics|volume=279|issue=4|pages=443–53|date=April 2009|pmid=18665380|doi=10.1007/s00404-008-0731-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo gutwita inda zimwe na zimwe zipfa kubyara bizashira nta kuvurwa, ubu buryo ntiburakorwa neza kugeza mu 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha umuti wa methotrexate birakora kimwe no kubaga mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; By’umwihariko bikora neza iyo beta-HCG iri hasi kandi ingano y’inda isohoka mu nda ikaba ari nto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Kubagwa biracyasabwa iyo umuyoboro wacitse, umutima w'umwana uri mu nda utera nabi, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubuzima bw'umuntu bidahamye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Kubagwa bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe laparoscopic cyangwa hakoreshejwe incision nini, izwi nka laparotomy.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot; /&gt; Muri rusange ibisubizo ni byiza ku bagore bavurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Igipimo cy'inda [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|ziterwa]] n'inda zitwite ku kigero cya 1% na 2% cy'ivuka ry'abana bavutse ari bazima mu bihugu byateye imbere, nubwo gishobora kuba kiri hejuru ya 4% mu bakoresha ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot; /&gt; Ni yo mpamvu ikunze gutera impfu mu bagore mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'umubyibuho, hafi 10% by'impfu zose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Mu bihugu byateye imbere, ibyavuye mu iterambere byarazamutse mu gihe mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere akenshi bikomeza kuba bikennye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nama2009&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka z'urupfu mu bihugu byateye imbere ziri hagati ya 0.1 na 0.3 ku ijana mu gihe mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ziri hagati ya kimwe na bitatu ku ijana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Mort&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mignini L|title=Interventions for tubal ectopic pregnancy|url=http://apps.who.int/rhl/gynaecology/lmcom2/en/|website=who.int|publisher=The WHO Reproductive Health Library|access-date=12 March 2015|date=26 September 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://apps.who.int/rhl/gynaecology/lmcom2/en/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibisobanuro bya mbere bizwi ku gutwita hanze y'umura ni ibyavuzwe na Al-Zahrawi mu kinyejana cya 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nama2009&quot; /&gt; Ijambo &quot;ectopic&quot; risobanura &quot;bitagaragara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Cornog|first=Mary Wood|title=Merriam-Webster's vocabulary uilder|date=1998|publisher=Merriam-Webster|location=Springfield, Mass.|isbn=9780877799108|page=313|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyD059eY2RYC&amp;pg=PA313|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181336/https://books.google.com/books?id=cyD059eY2RYC&amp;pg=PA313|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Thalidomide]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>h78a49fcf43utcoahtped4ub0ba4veb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141450</id>
      <parentid>141442</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:56:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Score Beethoven moved page [[Gutwita mu nda]] to [[Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi]]: Umutwe ukwiye: ingingo ivuga ku gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi (ectopic pregnancy)</comment>
      <origin>141442</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6717" sha1="h78a49fcf43utcoahtped4ub0ba4veb" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi
| synonyms = ''Ectopic pregnancy'', ''grossesse extra-utérine''
| image = Tubal Pregnancy with embryo.jpg
| caption = Inda yafatiye mu muyoborantanga, irimo urusoro
| field = Ububyaza n'indwara z'abagore, ubuvuzi bw'ibyihutirwa
| symptoms = Kubabara mu nda, kuva amaraso mu gitsina
| risks = Indwara zo mu kiziba cy'inda, kunywa itabi, kubagwa imiyoborantanga
| diagnosis = Gupima amaraso (hCG), ultrasound
| treatment = Methotrexate, kubagwa
}}
'''Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi''' (''ectopic pregnancy'') ni ikibazo cyo gutwita aho urusoro rwifata hanze ya nyababyeyi (umura). Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara ni ukubabara mu nda no kuva amaraso mu gitsina; ni ikibazo cyihutirwa gisaba kuvurwa vuba.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi ni ikibazo cyo gutwita aho urusoro rwifata hanze y'umura.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T|title=Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location|journal=Human Reproduction Update|volume=20|issue=2|pages=250–61|year=2014|pmid=24101604|doi=10.1093/humupd/dmt047|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bisanzwe birimo kubabara mu nda no kuva [[amaraso]] mu gitsina, ariko abagore babarirwa munsi ya 50 ku ijana by'abanduye bafite ibi bimenyetso byombi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Crochet JR, Bastian LA, Chireau MV|s2cid=205049738|title=Does this woman have an ectopic pregnancy?: the rational clinical examination systematic review|journal=JAMA|volume=309|issue=16|pages=1722–9|year=2013|pmid=23613077|doi=10.1001/jama.2013.3914}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ububabare bushobora gusobanurwa nk'ubukana bukabije, butoroshye, cyangwa buterwa n'ibisebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Ububabare bushobora no gukwirakwira mu rutugu iyo habayeho kuva amaraso mu nda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Kuva amaraso menshi bishobora gutuma [[umutima]] utera cyane, gucika intege, cyangwa gutungurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Nubwo hari igihe kidasanzwe, umwana uri mu nda ntashobora kubaho.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zhang J, Li F, Sheng Q|title=Full-term abdominal pregnancy: a case report and review of the literature|journal=Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation|volume=65|issue=2|pages=139–41|date=2008|pmid=17957101|doi=10.1159/000110015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Ibintu bishobora gutera gutwita hanze ya nyababyeyi birimo indwara yo kubyimba mu kibuno, akenshi iterwa n'ubwandu bwa chlamydia ; kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]] ; kubagwa mbere mu miyoboro y'amaraso; amateka yo kutabyara ; no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryifashishijwe mu kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Cecchino GN, Araujo Júnior E, Elito Júnior J|title=Methotrexate for ectopic pregnancy: when and how|journal=Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics|volume=290|issue=3|pages=417–23|date=September 2014|pmid=24791968|doi=10.1007/s00404-014-3266-9}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abahoze batwita inda itarabyara bafite ibyago byinshi byo kubyara indi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Inyinshi mu nda zitwite hanze y'uruhu (90%) zibera mu muyoboro w'inda, bizwi nka &quot;tubal pregnancies&quot;,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; ariko gutera inda bishobora no kubaho ku nkondo y'umura, ku dusabo tw'intanga, cyangwa mu nda.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Gupima inda itwite mu nda akenshi bipimwa amaraso kugira ngo harebwe ko umuntu atwite (hCG) na ultrasound.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Ibi bishobora gusaba ibizamini inshuro zirenze imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Ultrasound ikora neza iyo ikorewe mu gitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt; Izindi mpamvu zitera ibimenyetso nk'ibi zirimo: gukuramo inda, gucika kw'intanga ngore, na appendicitis ikabije.&lt;ref name=&quot;Crochet2013&quot; /&gt;

== Kwirinda n'ubuvuzi ==
Kwirinda ni ukugabanya ibintu bishobora gutera indwara nka chlamydia binyuze mu gusuzuma no kuvura.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nama2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Nama V, Manyonda I|title=Tubal ectopic pregnancy: diagnosis and management|journal=Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics|volume=279|issue=4|pages=443–53|date=April 2009|pmid=18665380|doi=10.1007/s00404-008-0731-3}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo gutwita inda zimwe na zimwe zipfa kubyara bizashira nta kuvurwa, ubu buryo ntiburakorwa neza kugeza mu 2014.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha umuti wa methotrexate birakora kimwe no kubaga mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; By’umwihariko bikora neza iyo beta-HCG iri hasi kandi ingano y’inda isohoka mu nda ikaba ari nto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Kubagwa biracyasabwa iyo umuyoboro wacitse, umutima w'umwana uri mu nda utera nabi, cyangwa ibimenyetso by'ubuzima bw'umuntu bidahamye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Kubagwa bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe laparoscopic cyangwa hakoreshejwe incision nini, izwi nka laparotomy.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot; /&gt; Muri rusange ibisubizo ni byiza ku bagore bavurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Igipimo cy'inda [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|ziterwa]] n'inda zitwite ku kigero cya 1% na 2% cy'ivuka ry'abana bavutse ari bazima mu bihugu byateye imbere, nubwo gishobora kuba kiri hejuru ya 4% mu bakoresha ikoranabuhanga rifasha mu kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;kirk2013&quot; /&gt; Ni yo mpamvu ikunze gutera impfu mu bagore mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'umubyibuho, hafi 10% by'impfu zose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cec2014&quot; /&gt; Mu bihugu byateye imbere, ibyavuye mu iterambere byarazamutse mu gihe mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere akenshi bikomeza kuba bikennye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nama2009&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka z'urupfu mu bihugu byateye imbere ziri hagati ya 0.1 na 0.3 ku ijana mu gihe mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ziri hagati ya kimwe na bitatu ku ijana.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015Mort&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Mignini L|title=Interventions for tubal ectopic pregnancy|url=http://apps.who.int/rhl/gynaecology/lmcom2/en/|website=who.int|publisher=The WHO Reproductive Health Library|access-date=12 March 2015|date=26 September 2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402121902/http://apps.who.int/rhl/gynaecology/lmcom2/en/|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibisobanuro bya mbere bizwi ku gutwita hanze y'umura ni ibyavuzwe na Al-Zahrawi mu kinyejana cya 11.&lt;ref name=&quot;Nama2009&quot; /&gt; Ijambo &quot;ectopic&quot; risobanura &quot;bitagaragara&quot;.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Cornog|first=Mary Wood|title=Merriam-Webster's vocabulary uilder|date=1998|publisher=Merriam-Webster|location=Springfield, Mass.|isbn=9780877799108|page=313|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cyD059eY2RYC&amp;pg=PA313|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910181336/https://books.google.com/books?id=cyD059eY2RYC&amp;pg=PA313|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Thalidomide]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>h78a49fcf43utcoahtped4ub0ba4veb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara ya Serotonin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23371</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141441</id>
      <parentid>141232</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:27:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141441</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6319" sha1="p8ktdf3hn2l9ecagdxidz9t34kq7d8o" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Indwara ya Serotonin
| synonyms = ''Serotonin syndrome'', ''serotonin toxicity''
| image = Serotonin-2D-skeletal.svg
| caption = Serotonin
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ibyihutirwa, ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, toxicologie
| symptoms = Ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri, guhangayika, guhinda umushyitsi, kubira ibyuya
| onset = Mu munsi umwe
| causes = Imiti yongera serotonin (SSRI, SNRI, MAOI...)
| diagnosis = Bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'imiti umuntu yafashe
| treatment = Guhagarika imiti yabiteye, gukonjesha umubiri
| medication = Benzodiazépines, cyproheptadine
}}
'''Indwara ya Serotonin''' (''serotonin syndrome'', '''SS''') ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bigaragara iyo umuntu afashe imiti imwe n'imwe yongera serotonin mu mubiri. Ibimenyetso bishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye; ubuvuzi bwa mbere ni uguhagarika imiti yabiteye.

== Ibimenyetso ==
[[Dosiye:ClonusfromSS (edited).webm|thumb|Indwara ya Serotonin]]
Indwara ya Serotonin ( SS ) ni itsinda ry'ibimenyetso bishobora kubaho iyo umuntu afashe imiti cyangwa imiti imwe n'imwe itera serotonin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fer2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2017: 5 Books in 1|date=2016|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323448383|pages=1154–1155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1154|language=en|df=|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829051951/https://books.google.com/books?id=rRhCDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1154|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingano y'ibimenyetso ishobora kuva ku byoroheje kugeza ku bikomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Volpi-Abadie J, Kaye AM, Kaye AD|title=Serotonin syndrome|journal=The Ochsner Journal|volume=13|issue=4|pages=533–40|date=2013|pmid=24358002|pmc=3865832}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso mu bihe byoroheje birimo umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso no gutera cyane k'umutima ; akenshi nta muriro urimo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso mu bihe biri hagati birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri, guhindagurika kw'imitekerereze, kwiyongera kw'imitekerereze, guhinda umushyitsi, ibyuya, amaso y'umubiri yagutse, no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fer2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt; Mu bihe bikomeye ubushyuhe bw'umubiri bushobora kwiyongera bukarenga {{Convert|41.1|C|F|1}}.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo gucika intege no kuvunika imitsi cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Indwara ya Serotonin ikunze guterwa no gukoresha imiti cyangwa imiti ibiri cyangwa myinshi itera serotonin.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt; Ibi bishobora kuba birimo inhibitor ya serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), inhibitor ya serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), inhibitor ya monoamine oxidase (MAOI), imiti igabanya ubukana bwa tricyclic (TCAs), amfetamine, pethidine (meperidine), tramadol, dextromethorphan, buspirone, L-tryptophan, 5-HTP, St. John's wort, triptans, ecstasy (MDMA), metoclopramide, [[ondansetron]], cyangwa [[kokayine]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt; Bibaho hafi 15% by'ibipimo byo gukoresha SSRI birenze urugero.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dom2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Domino|first=Frank J.|last2=Baldor|first2=Robert A.|title=The 5-Minute Clinical Consult 2014|date=2013|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=9781451188509|page=1124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1124|language=en|df=|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829171038/https://books.google.com/books?id=2C2MAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA1124|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ingaruka zishoboka zo kuba serotonin nyinshi ku buryo bworoshye bwo mu mitsi yo hagati (CNS).&lt;ref name=&quot;Boy2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Boyer EW, Shannon M|title=The serotonin syndrome|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|volume=352|issue=11|pages=1112–20|date=March 2005|pmid=15784664|doi=10.1056/NEJMra041867|url=http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/art%203%20serotonin%20syndrome.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130618053344/http://toxicology.ucsd.edu/art%203%20serotonin%20syndrome.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=2013-06-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bitangira kugaragara mu munsi umwe nyuma yo kuba serotonin yiyongereyeho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso by'umuntu n'amateka ye yo gukoresha imiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt; Izindi ndwara zishobora gutera ibimenyetso nk'ibyo nka neuroleptic malignant syndrome, malignant hyperthermia, anticholinergic toxicity, heat stroke, na meningitis zigomba gukurwaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt; Nta bipimo byo muri laboratwari bishobora kwemeza ko indwara yanduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Vol2013&quot; /&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Ubuvuzi bwa mbere bugizwe no guhagarika imiti ishobora kuba irimo uruhare.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fer2016&quot; /&gt; Ku bantu bafite ikibazo cyo guhangayika, imiti ya benzodiazepines ishobora gukoreshwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fer2016&quot; /&gt; Iyo ibi bidahagije, ushobora gukoresha umuti urwanya serotonin nka cyproheptadine.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fer2016&quot; /&gt; Ku bafite ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'umubiri, ingamba zo gukonjesha zishobora kuba ngombwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fer2016&quot; /&gt; Umubare w'abantu barwara indwara ya serotonin buri mwaka nturamenyekana neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Dom2013&quot; /&gt; Iyo umuntu avuwe neza, ibyago byo gupfa biri munsi ya kimwe ku ijana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fri2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Friedman|first=Joseph H.|title=Medication-Induced Movement Disorders|date=2015|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=9781107066007|page=51|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BqymCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA51|language=en|df=|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829054048/https://books.google.com/books?id=BqymCQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA51|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Urubanza rwa Libby Zion, uzwi cyane ko yapfuye azize indwara ya serotonin, rwatumye habaho impinduka mu mashuri yisumbuye y’ubuganga muri Leta ya New York.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boy2005&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bre1998&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brensilver JM, Smith L, Lyttle CS|title=Impact of the Libby Zion case on graduate medical education in internal medicine|journal=The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York|volume=65|issue=4|pages=296–300|date=September 1998|pmid=9757752|doi=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Citalopram]]
* [[Fluoxetine]]
* [[Ondansetron]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>p8ktdf3hn2l9ecagdxidz9t34kq7d8o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pica (indwara)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23372</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141440</id>
      <parentid>141234</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:27:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141440</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3241" sha1="fyaqjjyeak2a58hr94xori9203ik0k5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Pica
| image = Glore Stomach Display.jpg
| caption = Ibintu byakuwe mu gifu cy'umurwayi wari ufite pica (imisumari, imigozi, ibipfunsi...)
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe
| causes = Kubura ubutare mu mubiri, autisme, imirire mibi, schizophrénie
| treatment = Ubujyanama, kwigisha, kuvura impamvu zayiteye
}}
'''Pica''' ni indwara irangwa no kurarikira no kurya ibintu bitari ibiryo, nk'ubutaka, urubura, umusatsi cyangwa irangi. Ikunze kugaragara ku bana no ku bagore batwite.

== Ibimenyetso n'ingaruka ==
Pica ni indwara irangwa no gushaka no kurya ibintu bitafatwa nk'ibiryo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Leung|first=AKC|last2=Hon|first2=KL|title=Pica: A Common Condition that is Commonly Missed - An Update Review.|journal=Current pediatric reviews|date=2019|volume=15|issue=3|pages=164-169|doi=10.2174/1573396315666190313163530|pmid=30868957}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri rusange irari ni ibintu bimwe na bimwe byihariye nk'ubutaka, ibirayi bibisi, [[urubura]], [[umusatsi]], cyangwa irangi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|editor-last=Luby|editor-first=Joan L.|title=Handbook of preschool mental health : development, disorders, and treatment|date=2009|publisher=Guilford Press|location=New York|isbn=9781606233504|pages=129|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VopO64gPLmwC&amp;pg=PA129|access-date=3 June 2016|archive-date=21 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121192711/https://books.google.com/books?id=VopO64gPLmwC&amp;pg=PA129|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akenshi ibimenyetso bike biragaragara nubwo ububabare bwo mu nda bushobora kubaho rimwe na rimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt; Pica ishobora gutera uburozi bwa lisansi, kuziba [[igifu]], [[Anemie|kugabanuka k'uturemangingo dutukura mu maraso]], cyangwa kwandura indwara ziterwa n'udukoko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ubuvuzi ==
Ku bana basanzwe, pica mu gihe muri rusange biyemeza kwigisha ibikwiye kurya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt; Ubujyanama, harimo n'ubuvuzi bw'imyitwarire, nabyo bishobora kuba ingirakamaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt; Iyo habayeho ikibazo cyo kubura icyuma gihagije, ibi bigomba kuvurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Pica igira ingaruka ku bana n'abagore batwite bagera kuri 30%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt; Ku bana, ikunze kugaragara cyane ku bafite hagati y'amezi 18 n'imyaka 6.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt; Ivugwa kuri pica ni iya Hippocrates mu myaka irenga 2.000 ishize.&lt;ref name=&quot;Rose00&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rose EA, Porcerelli JH, Neale AV|title=Pica: Common but commonly missed|journal=The Journal of the American Board of Family Practice|year=2000|volume=13|issue=5|pages=353–8|pmid=11001006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mic2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Michalska|first=Aneta|last2=Szejko|first2=Natalia|last3=Jakubczyk|first3=Andrzej|last4=Wojnar|first4=Marcin|date=2016|title=Nonspecific eating disorders - a subjective review|journal=Psychiatria Polska|volume=50|issue=3|pages=497–507|doi=10.12740/PP/59217|doi-access=free|issn=2391-5854|pmid=27556109}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri jambo ryitiriwe igisasu gisanzwe (Pica pica) kirya ibintu bidasanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Leu2019&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ubumuga bwo mu mutwe]]
* [[Anemie]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>fyaqjjyeak2a58hr94xori9203ik0k5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Citalopram</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23373</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141435</id>
      <parentid>141236</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:16:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141435</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5088" sha1="b9xiua8955nfia0vevtvyx7go61cxrx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Citalopram
| image = Citalopram racemic.svg
| tradename = Celexa, Cipramil, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a699001
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, urushinge mu mutsi
| ATC_prefix = N06
| ATC_suffix = AB04
| CAS_number = 59729-33-8
| PubChem = 2771
| DrugBank = DB00215
| UNII = 0DHU5B8D6V
| KEGG = D07704
| ChEMBL = 549
| C=20 | H=21 | F=1 | N=2 | O=1
}}
'''Citalopram''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Celexa''', ni umuti uvura [[indwara y'agahinda]] wo mu bwoko bwa ''selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor'' (SSRI). Ifatwa mu kanwa, kandi yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1998.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Citalopram film-coated tablets.jpg|thumb|Citalopram]]

Citalopram, igurishwa ku izina rya Celexa n'izindi, ni umuti uvura indwara y'agahinda wo mu bwoko bwa serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citalopram Hydrobromide Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/citalopram-hydrobromide.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=AHFS|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223073739/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/citalopram-hydrobromide.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba, indwara yo kwiheba ishingiye ku bwenge, indwara yo gucika intege, no gutinya abantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka zo kugabanya ubukana bw'indwara zishobora gufata icyumweru kimwe kugeza kuri bine kugira ngo ziboneke.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo isesemi, [[gusinzira]] nabi, ibibazo by'imibonano mpuzabitsina, kuzuyaza, kumva unaniwe, no kubira ibyuya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zirimo kwiyongera k'ibyago byo kwiyahura ku bari munsi y'imyaka 25, serotonin syndrome, glaucoma, na QT prolongation.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt; Ntibikwiye gukoreshwa ku muntu uri kuri MAO inhibitor.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt; Indwara yo guhagarika kwiheba ishobora kubaho iyo ihagaritswe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt; Hari impungenge ko kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|utwite]] bishobora kwangiza umwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citalopram (Celexa) Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/citalopram.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223073744/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/citalopram.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Citalopram yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 1998.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2018&quot; /&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi yatanzwe n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima nk'umuti usimbura [[fluoxetine]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO23rd&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|year=2023|hdl=10665/371090|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]], igipimo gisanzwe gitwara NHS kiri munsi ya 20 GBP ku kwezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|page=361|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, igura hagati ya 50 na 100 [[Amadolari y'Amerika|USD]] ku kwezi guhera mu 2016.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Tarascon Pharmacopoeia 2017 Professional Desk Reference Edition|date=2016|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284118957|page=440|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZObCDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA440|access-date=23 December 2018|archive-date=23 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223073630/https://books.google.ca/books?id=ZObCDgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA440|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 26 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 24.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Citalopram Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Citalopram|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=11 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200411214356/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Citalopram|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'agahinda]]
* [[Fluoxetine]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Citalopram |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a699001.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>b9xiua8955nfia0vevtvyx7go61cxrx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lidocaine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23374</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141436</id>
      <parentid>141238</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:16:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141436</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7144" sha1="orir2m2j1xrhb1mumcircam93dzrb60" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Lidocaine
| image = Lidocaine.svg
| tradename = Xylocaine, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a682701
| routes_of_administration = Urushinge (mu mutsi, munsi y'uruhu), ku ruhu, mu kanwa
| ATC_prefix = C01
| ATC_suffix = BB01
| CAS_number = 137-58-6
| PubChem = 3676
| DrugBank = DB00281
| UNII = 98PI200987
| KEGG = D00358
| ChEMBL = 79
| C=14 | H=22 | N=2 | O=1
}}
'''Lidocaine''', izwi kandi nka '''lignocaine''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu gutera ikinya agace runaka k'umubiri (''anesthésie locale''), ukanakoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe z'umutima zituma utera nabi. Yavumbuwe mu 1946, kandi iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Lidocaine hci.jpg|thumb|Lidocaine]]
Lidocaine, izwi kandi nka lignocaine, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu gutera ikinya mu gace runaka (anesthesia yo mu gace).&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Local)|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lidocaine-hydrochloride-local.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 26, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150906023837/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lidocaine-hydrochloride-local.html|archive-date=2015-09-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura tachycardia y'imitsi no mu gukora imitsi ifungana.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015A&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lidocaine Hydrochloride (Antiarrhythmic)|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lidocaine-hydrochloride-antiarrhythmic.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 26, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810232359/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lidocaine-hydrochloride-antiarrhythmic.html|archive-date=2015-08-10}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt; Hari umuti witwa Lidocaine uvanze n'umuti muto wa adrenaline (epinephrine) uboneka kugira ngo ufashe abantu kugira ibinya, ugabanye kuva [[amaraso]], kandi utume ingaruka zo kugira ibinya zimara igihe kirekire.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt; Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'umuti uterwa n'urushinge, lidocaine itangira gukora mu minota ine ikamara igice cy'isaha kugeza ku masaha atatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wh1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=J. P. Nolan|last2=P. J. F. Baskett|year=1997|chapter=Analgesia and anaesthesia|editor-last=David Skinner|editor-last2=Andrew Swain|editor-last3=Rodney Peyton|editor-last4=Colin Robertson|others=Project co-ordinator, Fiona Whinster|title=Cambridge Textbook of Accident and Emergency Medicine|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge, UK|isbn=9780521433792|page=194|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=m0bNaDhkaukC&amp;pg=PA194|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908150741/https://books.google.com/books?id=m0bNaDhkaukC&amp;pg=PA194|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uruvange rwa Lidocaine rushobora kandi gushyirwa ku ruhu cyangwa mu ruhu kugira ngo rushire ububabare muri ako gace.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara mu gukoresha imiti igabanya ububabare harimo [[gusinzira]], kunyaragura imitsi, urujijo, impinduka mu byo umuntu abona, kugira ibinya, kuribwa mu nda no [[kuruka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015A&quot; /&gt; Bishobora gutera umuvuduko w'amaraso muke ndetse n'umuvuduko w'umutima utera mu buryo budasanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015A&quot; /&gt; Hari impungenge ko kuyitera mu ngingo bishobora guteza ibibazo kuri karitsiye.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt; Muri rusange bisa nkaho ari byiza gukoreshwa mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015A&quot; /&gt; Ku bafite ibibazo by'umwijima, dose nke ishobora kuba ikenewe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015A&quot; /&gt; Muri rusange ni byiza kuyikoresha ku bantu bafite ubwivumbure kuri tetracaine cyangwa benzocaine.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt; Lidocaine ni umuti urwanya [[arrhythmia]] yo mu bwoko bwa Ib.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015A&quot; /&gt; Ibi bivuze ko bikora binyuze mu kuziba imiyoboro ya sodium bityo bigabanura umuvuduko wo kugabanuka k'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015A&quot; /&gt; Iyo ikoreshejwe mu gace runaka nk'ikintu gitera indwara, [[ubwonko]] bwo mu gace ntibushobora gutanga amakuru ku bwonko.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Lidocaine yavumbuwe mu 1946 itangira kugurishwa mu 1948.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Scriabine|first=Alexander|year=1999|chapter=Discovery and development of major drugs currently in use|title=Pharmaceutical Innovation: Revolutionizing Human Health|editor-last=Ralph Landau|editor-last2=Basil Achilladelis|editor-last3=Alexander Scriabine|publisher=Chemical Heritage Press|location=Philadelphia|isbn=9780941901215|page=211|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&amp;pg=PA211|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908150741/https://books.google.com/books?id=IH4lPs6S1bMC&amp;pg=PA211|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=22}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igiciro cyo kugurisha ku bucuruzi mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu 2014 cyari hagati {{US$|0.45}} na 1.05 kuri buri gacupa ka mililitiro 20 k'umuti.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lidocaine HCL|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=473&amp;searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=27 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181009052758/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=473&amp;searchYear=2014|archive-date=9 October 2018|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igurishwa munsi y'amazina menshi arimo '''Xylocaine'''.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015L&quot; /&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 208 ukunze kwandikirwa muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni ebyiri.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lidocaine - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lidocaine|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708061712/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lidocaine|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Propofol]]
* [[Morphine]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Lidocaine |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682701.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>orir2m2j1xrhb1mumcircam93dzrb60</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Tizanidine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23375</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141438</id>
      <parentid>141240</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:17:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141438</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4680" sha1="azaqswv3vgi4fucrpdmaggjwd5b8cmk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Tizanidine
| image = Tizanidine structure.svg
| tradename = Zanaflex, Sirdalud, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a601121
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa
| ATC_prefix = M03
| ATC_suffix = BX02
| CAS_number = 51322-75-9
| PubChem = 5487
| DrugBank = DB00697
| UNII = 6AI06C00GW
| KEGG = D08611
| ChEMBL = 1079
| C=9 | H=8 | Cl=1 | N=5 | S=1
}}
'''Tizanidine''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Zanaflex''', ni umuti woroshya imitsi ukoreshwa mu kuvura imitsi ifunganye bitewe n'imvune y'umugongo cyangwa ''multiple sclerosis''. Ifatwa mu kanwa, kandi yemerewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1996.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
[[Dosiye:Tizanidine-from-xtal-3D-bs-17.png|thumb|Tizanidine]]
Tizanidine, igurishwa ku izina rya Zanaflex n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura imitsi idakora neza bitewe n'imvune y'umugongo cyangwa multiple sclerosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=1094|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kugira ingaruka ku mikorere bisa nka baclofen cyangwa diazepam.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kam2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kamen L, Henney HR, Runyan JD|title=A practical overview of tizanidine use for spasticity secondary to multiple sclerosis, stroke, and spinal cord injury|journal=Current Medical Research and Opinion|volume=24|issue=2|pages=425–39|date=February 2008|pmid=18167175|doi=10.1185/030079908X261113}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tizanidine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/tizanidine-hydrochloride.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=16 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190616144628/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/tizanidine-hydrochloride.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuma mu kanwa, [[gusinzira]], gucika intege, no kuzerera.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo umuvuduko muke w'amaraso, ibibazo by'umwijima, indwara yo mu mutwe, no kwangirika k'umuvuduko wa QT.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ntabwo birasobanuka neza niba gukoresha imiti mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no konsa ari nta kibazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Preg2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tizanidine Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tizanidine.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=3 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203143238/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/tizanidine.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni agonisti ya α2-adrenergic kandi uburyo ikora ntibusobanutse neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Tizanidine yemerewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]] mu 1996.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Ku kwezi mu [[Ubwongereza|Bwongereza]] bitwara NHS amafaranga agera kuri 3.45 £ mu 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 4.20.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 89 watanzwe cyane muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni icyenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=18 March 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318234059/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Tizanidine - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Tizanidine|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708071440/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Tizanidine|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Methocarbamol]]
* [[Cyclobenzaprine]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Tizanidine |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a601121.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>azaqswv3vgi4fucrpdmaggjwd5b8cmk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Deksamethasoni</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23376</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141437</id>
      <parentid>141243</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:17:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141437</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6175" sha1="imhf8dybzkixk8srmekd3tdyfalnzh7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Deksamethasoni
| image = Dexamethasone structure.svg
| tradename = Decadron, Ozurdex, Dexycu, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a682792
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, urushinge (mu mutsi cyangwa mu nyama), mu jisho
| ATC_prefix = A01
| ATC_suffix = AC02
| CAS_number = 50-02-2
| PubChem = 5743
| DrugBank = DB01234
| UNII = 7S5I7G3JQL
| KEGG = D00292
| ChEMBL = 384467
| C=22 | H=29 | F=1 | O=5
}}
'''Deksamethasoni''' (''dexamethasone'') ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa corticosteroid ukoreshwa mu kuvura indwara nyinshi, zirimo rubagimpande, indwara z'uruhu, ubwivumbure bukomeye, asima n'indwara z'ibihaha. Yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1957, kandi iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima.

== Ikoreshwa mu buvuzi ==
Dexamethasone ni ubwoko bw'umuti wa corticosteroid.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dexamethasone|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831175940/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/dexamethasone.html|archive-date=31 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara nyinshi, harimo ibibazo bya [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande|rubagimpande]], indwara nyinshi z'uruhu, ubwivumbure bukomeye, asima, [[Indwara y'ibihaha idakira|indwara idakira y'ibihaha]], [[croup]], kubyimba [[ubwonko]], ububabare bw'amaso nyuma yo kubagwa amaso, ndetse n'imiti yica udukoko mu [[Igituntu|gituntu]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Mu gihe imikorere y’uturemangingo tw’inkondo y’umura idafite ubushobozi bwo gukora neza, igomba gukoreshwa hamwe n’umuti ufite ingaruka nyinshi za mineralocorticoid nka fludrocortisone.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Mu gihe cyo kubyara mbere y'igihe, ishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza umusaruro w'umwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ishobora gufatwa mu kanwa, nk'urushinge mu mitsi, cyangwa ikayiterwa mu mitsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka za dexamethasone zikunze kugaragara mu munsi umwe kandi zimara iminsi itatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi n'uko ikora ==
Kuyikoresha igihe kirekire bishobora gutera indwara y'imitsi, gutakaza amagufwa, indwara ya kataract, gukomereka byoroshye, cyangwa intege nke z'imitsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Yakunze gukoreshwa mu kanwa mu gihe cyo gutwita kandi ntibyagaragaye ko itera ibibazo umwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|website=Australian Government|access-date=22 April 2014|date=3 March 2014|quote=Drugs which have been taken by a large number of pregnant women and women of childbearing age without any proven increase in the frequency of malformations or other direct or indirect harmful effects on the fetus having been observed.|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibikwiye gufatwa mu gihe cyo konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Dexamethasone ifite ingaruka zo kurwanya ububyimbirwe no gukumira ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka n'igiciro ==
Dexamethasone yakozwe bwa mbere mu 1957, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1961.&lt;ref name=&quot;RankovicHargreaves2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Rankovic|first=Zoran|last2=Hargreaves|first2=Richard|last3=Bingham|first3=Matilda|title=Drug discovery and medicinal chemistry for psychiatric disorders|date=2012|publisher=Royal Society of Chemistry|location=Cambridge|isbn=9781849733656|page=286|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&amp;pg=PA286|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305022353/https://books.google.ca/books?id=J4Mq3Lm1R7kC&amp;pg=PA286|archive-date=5 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=485|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA485|access-date=17 June 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801024348/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA485|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=WHO|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Dexamethasone ntabwo ihenze.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHODex&quot; /&gt; Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika|Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], imiti y'ukwezi igura munsi y'amadolari 25 y'Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Mu [[Ubuhinde|Buhinde]], uburyo bwo kuvura abana bavutse mbere y'igihe butwara hafi amadolari y'Amerika 0.5.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHODex&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka mu bice byinshi by'isi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHODex&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=DEXAMETHASONE FOR ACCELERATING LUNG MATURATION IN PRETERM BABIES|url=http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/19/applications/Dexamethasone_29_C_NI.pdf|access-date=29 July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222111212/http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/19/applications/Dexamethasone_29_C_NI.pdf|archive-date=22 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 321 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni imwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Dexamethasone - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dexamethasone|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412042228/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Dexamethasone|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'ibihaha idakira]]
* [[Croup]]
* [[Igituntu]]

=== Ihuza ryo hanze ===
* {{Cite web |title=Dexamethasone |url=https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682792.html |website=MedlinePlus |language=en}}

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>imhf8dybzkixk8srmekd3tdyfalnzh7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara ya Costochondritis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23377</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141439</id>
      <parentid>141245</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:17:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, Reba kandi</comment>
      <origin>141439</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4152" sha1="8q0b6nyjetvlbe7vubwksdimej2i0px" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Costochondritis
| synonyms = ''Chest wall pain syndrome'', ''costosternal syndrome''
| image = Gray390.png
| caption = Imbavu n'udukoko tuzihuza n'igufwa ryo hagati mu gituza
| field = Ubuvuzi rusange, rumatolojiya
| symptoms = Kubabara mu gituza
| risks = Inkorora ikabije, imyitozo ngororamubiri, guterura ibintu biremereye
| diagnosis = Isuzuma ry'umubiri no gukuraho izindi ndwara
| differential = [[Indwara y'umutima]], angina, [[umusonga]], embolism y'ibihaha, syndrome ya Tietze
| treatment = Imiti igabanya ububabare, kuruhuka, urubura cyangwa ubushyuhe
}}
'''Costochondritis''' (izwi kandi nka ''chest wall pain syndrome'') ni ububabare bwo mu gituza buturuka ku rukuta rw'igituza. Ubusanzwe iyi ndwara irashira uko igihe kigenda, nubwo ishobora kongera kugaruka; ivurwa ahanini n'imiti igabanya ububabare.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Costochondritis ni ububabare bwo mu gituza ku rukuta rw'igituza &lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schumann|first=JA|last2=Sood|first2=T|last3=Parente|first3=JJ|title=Costochondritis|date=January 2020|pmid=30422526|journal=StatPearls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ububabare muri rusange buboneka aho umuntu ari kandi bushobora kongera kugaruka binyuze mu gusunika aho hantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McConaghy|first=JR|last2=Oza|first2=RS|title=Outpatient diagnosis of acute chest pain in adults.|journal=American family physician|date=1 February 2013|volume=87|issue=3|pages=177-82|pmid=23418761}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uduce twinshi tw’agatsi dushobora kuba turimo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2009|last=Proulx|first=AM|last2=Zryd|first2=TW|journal=American Family Physician|volume=80|issue=6|pages=617–620|pmid=19817327|title=Costochondritis: diagnosis and treatment}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ububabare bushobora kwiyongera bitewe n'ingendo zimwe na zimwe no guhumeka cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Ububabare bushobora kuba bukabije cyangwa butoroshye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Ubusanzwe indwara ya Costochondritis irashira uko igihe kigenda, nubwo ishobora kongera kugaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri isubiramo cyangwa inkorora ibanje.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sto2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|year=2010|last=Stochkendahl|first=MJ|last2=Christensen|first2=HW|journal=The Medical Clinics of North America|volume=94|issue=2|pages=259–273|pmid=20380955|doi=10.1016/j.mcna.2010.01.007|title=Chest pain in focal musculoskeletal disorders}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot; /&gt; Gusuzuma indwara bikubiyemo gukuraho izindi ndwara zishobora kugaragara nk'izo zirimo: [[indwara y'umutima]], angina, kuribwa mu gifu, [[umusonga]], na embolism y'ibihaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2013&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi muri rusange ni ibisanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Bikekwa ko uburyo bw'ibanze bwo kubyimba buterwa no kubyimba.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot; /&gt; Iyo habayeho kubyimba, iyo ndwara yitwa Tietze's syndrome, ijambo rishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bumwe ariko rigafatwa nk'indwara itandukanye.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Jin2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|pmid=21541647|year=2011|last=Jindal|first=A|last2=Singhi|first2=S|title=Acute chest pain.|volume=78|issue=10|pages=1262–1267|journal=Indian Journal of Pediatrics|doi=10.1007/s12098-011-0413-1}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ubuvuzi n'ikwirakwira ==
Kubabara mu gituza bifatwa nk'ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi kugeza igihe indwara zishobora guteza akaga zizaba zitakiriho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Kuvura costochondritis bishobora kuba birimo kuruhuka, barafu n'ubushyuhe, [[Paracetamol|parasetamol]] (acetaminophen), n'imiti igabanya ubushyuhe itari steroide (NSAIDs).&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot; /&gt; Ibibazo bidakira bishobora gukemurwa hakoreshejwe physiotherapy &lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; cyangwa inshinge za steroid zo mu gace runaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot; /&gt; Costochondritis igaragara hagati ya 13 na 36% by'abantu bababara mu gatuza.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2013&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot; /&gt; Abana n'abantu bakuru bashobora kugerwaho n'ingaruka.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2009&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'umutima]]
* [[Umusonga]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>8q0b6nyjetvlbe7vubwksdimej2i0px</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kubura ibitotsi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23383</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141478</id>
      <parentid>141269</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:54:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141478</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8675" sha1="sa5w71h9gd2d48b8te28qytwirjr8ru" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kubura ibitotsi
| synonyms = ''Insomnia''
| image = Insomnia (4316137831).jpg
| caption = Umuntu wabuze ibitotsi
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, ubuvuzi bw'ibitotsi
| symptoms = Ingorane zo gusinzira, gusinzira ku manywa, imbaraga nke, kurakara, agahinda
| duration = Igihe gito cyangwa kirekire
| causes = Imihangayiko, ububabare budakira, imiti, kafeyine, nikotine, alukolo
| treatment = Isuku y'ibitotsi, guhindura imibereho, CBT
| frequency = 10–30% by'abantu bakuru
}}
'''Kubura ibitotsi''' (''insomnia'') ni indwara aho umuntu agira ingorane zo gufatwa n'ibitotsi cyangwa zo gukomeza gusinzira. Ikurikirwa no gusinzira ku manywa, imbaraga nke, kurakara n'[[Indwara y'agahinda|agahinda]].

Ishobora kubaho yonyine cyangwa igaterwa n'izindi ndwara, imiti cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge. Ivurwa mbere na mbere n'isuku y'ibitotsi no guhindura imibereho; ifata hagati ya 10% na 30% by'abantu bakuru.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Kubura ibitotsi ni indwara aho abantu bagira ikibazo cyo gusinzira.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Insomnia?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso#|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012148/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso|archive-date=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bashobora kugira ingorane zo gufatwa n'ibitotsi, cyangwa zo gukomeza gusinzira igihe cyose babyifuza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Roth T|title=Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences|journal=Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine|volume=3|issue=5 Suppl|pages=S7–10|date=August 2007|doi=10.5664/jcsm.26929|pmid=17824495|pmc=1978319}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pun2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Punnoose AR, Golub RM, Burke AE|title=JAMA patient page. Insomnia|journal=JAMA|volume=307|issue=24|pages=2653|date=June 2012|pmid=22735439|pmc=|doi=10.1001/jama.2012.6219}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kubura ibitotsi bikunze gukurikirwa no gusinzira ku manywa, imbaraga nke, kurakara cyane, no kwiheba.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot; /&gt; Bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi byo impanuka z'ibinyabiziga, ndetse n'ibibazo byo kwibanda no kwiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot; /&gt; Kubura ibitotsi bishobora kumara igihe gito, bikamara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru, cyangwa igihe kirekire, bikamara igihe kirenga ukwezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Kubura ibitotsi bishobora kubaho ku giti cyabyo cyangwa bigaterwa n'ikindi kibazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Causes Insomnia?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/causes|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012201/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/causes|archive-date=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera kudasinzira birimo imihangayiko yo mu mutwe, ububabare budakira, [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|kunanirwa k'umutima]], hyperthyroidism, ikirungurira, indwara y'amaguru adatuza (''restless legs syndrome''), [[Gucura k’umugore|gucura]], imiti imwe n'imwe, n'[[ibiyobyabwenge]] nka kafeyine, nikotine na [[Inzoga|alukolo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ca&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/17/application/Section24_GAD.pdf|title=Dyssomnias|access-date=2009-01-25|publisher=WHO|pages=7–11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318104517/http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/17/application/Section24_GAD.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibyago zirimo gukora akazi nijoro no guhumeka nabi mu gihe umuntu asinziriye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku ngeso zo gusinzira no gusuzuma kugira ngo harebwe impamvu zibitera.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Diag&quot; /&gt; Inyigo y'ibitotsi ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ibibazo by'ibitotsi byihishe inyuma.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Diag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Is Insomnia Diagnosed?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/diagnosis|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811091424/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/diagnosis|archive-date=11 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gusuzuma bishobora gukorwa hifashishijwe ibibazo bibiri: &quot;ese uhura n'ingorane zo gusinzira?&quot; na &quot;ese uhura n'ingorane zo gufatwa n'ibitotsi cyangwa gukomeza gusinzira?&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Isuku y'ibitotsi no guhindura imibereho ni bwo buryo bwa mbere bwo kuvura indwara yo kudasinzira.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Is Insomnia Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/treatment|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012302/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/treatment|archive-date=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wil2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wilson JF|s2cid=42686046|title=In the clinic. Insomnia|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=148|issue=1|pages=ITC13–1–ITC13–16|date=January 2008|pmid=18166757|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-01001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isuku yo gusinzira ikubiyemo kuryama buri gihe, kwishyira ku zuba ryinshi, icyumba gituje kandi cyijimye, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wil2008&quot; /&gt; Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mitekerereze n'imyitwarire (''CBT'') bushobora kongerwa kuri ibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD|title=Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=165|issue=2|pages=125–33|date=July 2016|pmid=27136449|doi=10.7326/M15-2175|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Trauer JM, Qian MY, Doyle JS, Rajaratnam SM, Cunnington D|s2cid=21617330|title=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=163|issue=3|pages=191–204|date=August 2015|pmid=26054060|doi=10.7326/M14-2841}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rudyk|first=Brittnee|title=#418 Enough Evidence to Put One to Sleep: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp418/|website=CFPCLearn|access-date=21 July 2026|date=17 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo ibinini bisinziriza bishobora gufasha, bifitanye isano n'impanuka zitera imvune, indwara yo kwibagirwa (''dementia'') no kuba imbata yabyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Tx&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot; /&gt; Iyi miti ntisabwa gukoreshwa mu gihe kirenze ibyumweru bine cyangwa bitanu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot; /&gt; Akamaro n'umutekano by'ubuvuzi bw'ubundi buryo ntibirasobanuka neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Tx&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Hagati ya 10% na 30% by'abantu bakuru bagira ikibazo cyo kudasinzira mu gihe runaka, naho abagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bagira ikibazo cyo kudasinzira mu mwaka runaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tas2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tasman|first=Allan|last2=Kay|first2=Jerald|last3=Lieberman|first3=Jeffrey A.|last4=First|first4=Michael B.|last5=Riba|first5=Michelle|title=Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-1-118-75336-1|page=4253|edition=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT4253|access-date=2020-08-05|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618043150/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT4253|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu bagera kuri 6% bafite ikibazo cyo kubura ibitotsi kitatewe n'ikindi kibazo kandi kimara igihe kirenga ukwezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt; Abantu barengeje imyaka 65 ni bo bibasirwa cyane kurusha abakiri bato.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wil2008&quot; /&gt; Abagore ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2009&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Ibisobanuro by'indwara yo kudasinzira bigaragara nibura mu [[Ubugereki]] bwa kera.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Attarian|first=Hrayr P.|title=Clinical Handbook of Insomnia|date=2003|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-662-1|chapter=chapter 1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx-sBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05|archive-date=2017-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908173636/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx-sBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'agahinda]]
* [[Gupfa Kusinzira]]
* [[Ubwonko]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>sa5w71h9gd2d48b8te28qytwirjr8ru</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141479</id>
      <parentid>141478</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:55:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Score Beethoven moved page [[Gusinzira]] to [[Kubura ibitotsi]]: Umutwe uhuye n'ingingo (insomnia)</comment>
      <origin>141478</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8675" sha1="sa5w71h9gd2d48b8te28qytwirjr8ru" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kubura ibitotsi
| synonyms = ''Insomnia''
| image = Insomnia (4316137831).jpg
| caption = Umuntu wabuze ibitotsi
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, ubuvuzi bw'ibitotsi
| symptoms = Ingorane zo gusinzira, gusinzira ku manywa, imbaraga nke, kurakara, agahinda
| duration = Igihe gito cyangwa kirekire
| causes = Imihangayiko, ububabare budakira, imiti, kafeyine, nikotine, alukolo
| treatment = Isuku y'ibitotsi, guhindura imibereho, CBT
| frequency = 10–30% by'abantu bakuru
}}
'''Kubura ibitotsi''' (''insomnia'') ni indwara aho umuntu agira ingorane zo gufatwa n'ibitotsi cyangwa zo gukomeza gusinzira. Ikurikirwa no gusinzira ku manywa, imbaraga nke, kurakara n'[[Indwara y'agahinda|agahinda]].

Ishobora kubaho yonyine cyangwa igaterwa n'izindi ndwara, imiti cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge. Ivurwa mbere na mbere n'isuku y'ibitotsi no guhindura imibereho; ifata hagati ya 10% na 30% by'abantu bakuru.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Kubura ibitotsi ni indwara aho abantu bagira ikibazo cyo gusinzira.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Insomnia?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso#|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012148/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso|archive-date=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bashobora kugira ingorane zo gufatwa n'ibitotsi, cyangwa zo gukomeza gusinzira igihe cyose babyifuza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Roth T|title=Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences|journal=Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine|volume=3|issue=5 Suppl|pages=S7–10|date=August 2007|doi=10.5664/jcsm.26929|pmid=17824495|pmc=1978319}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pun2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Punnoose AR, Golub RM, Burke AE|title=JAMA patient page. Insomnia|journal=JAMA|volume=307|issue=24|pages=2653|date=June 2012|pmid=22735439|pmc=|doi=10.1001/jama.2012.6219}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kubura ibitotsi bikunze gukurikirwa no gusinzira ku manywa, imbaraga nke, kurakara cyane, no kwiheba.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot; /&gt; Bishobora gutera ibyago byinshi byo impanuka z'ibinyabiziga, ndetse n'ibibazo byo kwibanda no kwiga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot; /&gt; Kubura ibitotsi bishobora kumara igihe gito, bikamara iminsi cyangwa ibyumweru, cyangwa igihe kirekire, bikamara igihe kirenga ukwezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ov&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Kubura ibitotsi bishobora kubaho ku giti cyabyo cyangwa bigaterwa n'ikindi kibazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ca&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Causes Insomnia?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/causes|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012201/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/causes|archive-date=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera kudasinzira birimo imihangayiko yo mu mutwe, ububabare budakira, [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|kunanirwa k'umutima]], hyperthyroidism, ikirungurira, indwara y'amaguru adatuza (''restless legs syndrome''), [[Gucura k’umugore|gucura]], imiti imwe n'imwe, n'[[ibiyobyabwenge]] nka kafeyine, nikotine na [[Inzoga|alukolo]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Ca&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/17/application/Section24_GAD.pdf|title=Dyssomnias|access-date=2009-01-25|publisher=WHO|pages=7–11|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090318104517/http://www.who.int/selection_medicines/committees/expert/17/application/Section24_GAD.pdf|archive-date=2009-03-18}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izindi mpamvu zishobora gutera ibyago zirimo gukora akazi nijoro no guhumeka nabi mu gihe umuntu asinziriye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku ngeso zo gusinzira no gusuzuma kugira ngo harebwe impamvu zibitera.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Diag&quot; /&gt; Inyigo y'ibitotsi ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe ibibazo by'ibitotsi byihishe inyuma.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Diag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Is Insomnia Diagnosed?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/diagnosis|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160811091424/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/diagnosis|archive-date=11 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gusuzuma bishobora gukorwa hifashishijwe ibibazo bibiri: &quot;ese uhura n'ingorane zo gusinzira?&quot; na &quot;ese uhura n'ingorane zo gufatwa n'ibitotsi cyangwa gukomeza gusinzira?&quot; &lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Isuku y'ibitotsi no guhindura imibereho ni bwo buryo bwa mbere bwo kuvura indwara yo kudasinzira.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Is Insomnia Treated?|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/treatment|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 August 2016|date=December 13, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728012302/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/inso/treatment|archive-date=28 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Wil2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Wilson JF|s2cid=42686046|title=In the clinic. Insomnia|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=148|issue=1|pages=ITC13–1–ITC13–16|date=January 2008|pmid=18166757|doi=10.7326/0003-4819-148-1-200801010-01001}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isuku yo gusinzira ikubiyemo kuryama buri gihe, kwishyira ku zuba ryinshi, icyumba gituje kandi cyijimye, no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wil2008&quot; /&gt; Ubuvuzi bushingiye ku mitekerereze n'imyitwarire (''CBT'') bushobora kongerwa kuri ibi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD|title=Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A Clinical Practice Guideline From the American College of Physicians|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=165|issue=2|pages=125–33|date=July 2016|pmid=27136449|doi=10.7326/M15-2175|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Trauer JM, Qian MY, Doyle JS, Rajaratnam SM, Cunnington D|s2cid=21617330|title=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Chronic Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|volume=163|issue=3|pages=191–204|date=August 2015|pmid=26054060|doi=10.7326/M14-2841}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Rudyk|first=Brittnee|title=#418 Enough Evidence to Put One to Sleep: Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia|url=https://cfpclearn.ca/tfp418/|website=CFPCLearn|access-date=21 July 2026|date=17 July 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nubwo ibinini bisinziriza bishobora gufasha, bifitanye isano n'impanuka zitera imvune, indwara yo kwibagirwa (''dementia'') no kuba imbata yabyo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Tx&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot; /&gt; Iyi miti ntisabwa gukoreshwa mu gihe kirenze ibyumweru bine cyangwa bitanu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot; /&gt; Akamaro n'umutekano by'ubuvuzi bw'ubundi buryo ntibirasobanuka neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Tx&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AC2016&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Hagati ya 10% na 30% by'abantu bakuru bagira ikibazo cyo kudasinzira mu gihe runaka, naho abagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu bagira ikibazo cyo kudasinzira mu mwaka runaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tas2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Tasman|first=Allan|last2=Kay|first2=Jerald|last3=Lieberman|first3=Jeffrey A.|last4=First|first4=Michael B.|last5=Riba|first5=Michelle|title=Psychiatry, 2 Volume Set|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-1-118-75336-1|page=4253|edition=4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT4253|access-date=2020-08-05|archive-date=2020-06-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618043150/https://books.google.com/books?id=l2KRBgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT4253|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu bagera kuri 6% bafite ikibazo cyo kubura ibitotsi kitatewe n'ikindi kibazo kandi kimara igihe kirenga ukwezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Th2007&quot; /&gt; Abantu barengeje imyaka 65 ni bo bibasirwa cyane kurusha abakiri bato.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wil2008&quot; /&gt; Abagore ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane kurusha abagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2009&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Ibisobanuro by'indwara yo kudasinzira bigaragara nibura mu [[Ubugereki]] bwa kera.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Attarian|first=Hrayr P.|title=Clinical Handbook of Insomnia|date=2003|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-1-59259-662-1|chapter=chapter 1|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx-sBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20|language=en|access-date=2020-08-05|archive-date=2017-09-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908173636/https://books.google.com/books?id=Fx-sBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT20|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'agahinda]]
* [[Gupfa Kusinzira]]
* [[Ubwonko]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>sa5w71h9gd2d48b8te28qytwirjr8ru</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Naloxone</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23384</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141481</id>
      <parentid>141272</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:06:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141481</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6420" sha1="sdc5gcvi886xjgsxatajpwovust4n92" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Naloxone
| image = Naloxone.svg
| tradename = Narcan, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a612022
| routes_of_administration = Mu mitsi, mu nyama, mu mazuru
| ATC_prefix = V03
| ATC_suffix = AB15
| CAS_number = 465-65-6
| PubChem = 5284596
| DrugBank = DB01183
| UNII = 36B82AMQ7N
| KEGG = D08249
| ChEMBL = 80
| C=19 | H=21 | N=1 | O=4
}}
'''Naloxone''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Narcan''', ni umuti uhagarika ingaruka za opioid nka [[morphine]] cyangwa [[Heroine|heroyine]]. Ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutabara abantu bafashe opioid nyinshi, ubuhumekero bwabo bukagabanuka.

Iterwa mu mitsi, mu nyama cyangwa mu mazuru, kandi ikora mu minota mike. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS kandi iboneka nk'umuti rusange.

== Ikoreshwa ==
Naloxone ni umuti ukoreshwa mu guhagarika ingaruka za opioid. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu kurwanya kugabanuka k'ubuhumekero mu gihe umuntu yafashe opioid nyinshi (''overdose'').&lt;ref name=AHFS2015&gt;{{cite web|title=Naloxone Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/naloxone-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Jan 2, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102115454/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/naloxone-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=2015-01-02}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102115454/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/naloxone-hydrochloride.html |date=2015-01-02 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Naloxone ishobora kandi kuvangwa na opioid (mu kinini kimwe), kugira ngo igabanye ibyago byo gukoresha nabi opioid.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Iyo itewe mu mutsi w'amaraso, ingaruka zitangira mu minota ibiri, naho iyo itewe mu nyama zitangira mu minota itanu.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Indi nzira ishobora gutangwa ni ukuyitera mu mazuru y'umuntu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Roberts|first=James R.|title=Roberts and Hedges' clinical procedures in emergency medicine|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|location=London|isbn=9781455748594|page=476|edition=6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=slyLreFkHuIC&amp;pg=PA476|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908140357/https://books.google.com/books?id=slyLreFkHuIC&amp;pg=PA476|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingaruka za naloxone zimara hagati y'igice cy'isaha n'isaha imwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bosack|first=Robert|title=Anesthesia Complications in the Dental Office|date=2015|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9781118828625|page=191|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn51BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA191|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908140357/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rn51BwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA191|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hashobora kuba ngombwa gukoresha doze nyinshi, kuko igihe cy'imikorere ya opioid nyinshi kiruta icya naloxone.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi ==
Kuyiha abantu babaswe na opioid bishobora gutera ibimenyetso byo guhagarika opioid, harimo kubura umutuzo, guhagarika umutima, isesemi, [[Kuruka|kuruka]], umutima utera cyane, no kubira ibyuya.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Kugira ngo hirindwe ibi, doze ntoya buri minota mike zishobora gutangwa kugeza igihe umusaruro wifuza ugezweho.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt; Ku bantu bahoze bafite indwara z'umutima cyangwa bafata imiti igira ingaruka mbi ku mutima, habayeho ibindi bibazo by'umutima. Bigaragara ko nta kibazo iteza ku bagore batwite, nubwo yahawe umubare muto wabo.

== Uko ikora ==
Naloxone ni umuti urwanya (''antagonist'') imyakiriro ya opioid utarobanura.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHM-Naloxone pharmacology&quot;&gt;{{Cite book| vauthors = Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE | title = Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience | year = 2009 | publisher = McGraw-Hill Medical | location = New York | isbn = 9780071481274 | pages = 190–191, 287 | edition = 2nd | quote= Products of this research include the discovery of lipophilic, small-molecule opioid receptor antagonists, such as naloxone and naltrexone, which have been critical tools for investigating the physiology and behavioral actions of opiates.&amp;nbsp;... A competitive antagonist of opiate action (naloxone) had been identified in early studies.&amp;nbsp;... Opiate antagonists have clinical utility as well. Naloxone, a nonselective antagonist with a relative affinity of μ &gt; δ &gt; κ, is used to treat heroin and other opiate overdoses.|editor-last=Sydor A, Brown RY}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikora mu gusubiza inyuma ihungabana ry'urwungano rw'imyakura rwo hagati n'urw'ubuhumekero riterwa na opioid.&lt;ref name=AHFS2015 /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Naloxone yahawe ipatanti mu 1961, yemererwa kuvura abafashe opioid nyinshi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 1971. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Igiciro ==
Naloxone iraboneka nk'umuti rusange (''generic''). Igiciro cyayo mu bucuruzi bwinshi mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere kiri hagati ya $0.50 na $5.30 kuri doze. Uducupa twa naloxone ntabwo duhenze cyane (munsi y'amadolari 25) muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richard J.|title=Tarascon pocket pharmacopoeia : 2014 classic shirt-pocket edition|date=2013|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|location=Sudbury|isbn=9781284053982|page=174|edition=28|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y0KFAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA174|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908140357/https://books.google.com/books?id=y0KFAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA174|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2020, igiciro cy'ipaki y'inshinge ebyiri zikoresha ubwazo (''auto-injectors'') muri Amerika cyari $178. Igiciro cya 2018 cya NHS mu [[Ubwongereza]] ni hafi £5 kuri doze.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF74&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 74|date=2017|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=978-0857112989|page=1260|edition=74}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri [[Ositaraliya]], doze imwe iboneka nta rupapuro rwa muganga, kandi igura AU$20; abafite dose eshanu bashobora kuzigura AU$40, zingana n'amadolari umunani kuri doze imwe.

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ibiyobyabwenge]]
* [[Morphine]]
* [[Buprenorfine]]

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>sdc5gcvi886xjgsxatajpwovust4n92</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Osteogenesis imperfecta</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23385</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141483</id>
      <parentid>141274</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:12:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141483</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6676" sha1="1yoq8p4pj9gnfe06sfi0mkpyj01t4fa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Osteogenesis imperfecta
| synonyms = Indwara y'amagufwa acika intege
| image = Characteristically blue sclerae of patient with osteogenesis imperfecta.jpg
| caption = Ibara ry'ubururu mu maso y'umurwayi wa osteogenesis imperfecta
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'uturemangingo (génétique)
| symptoms = Amagufwa avunika byoroshye, amaso afite ibara ry'ubururu, uburebure bugufi, kutumva neza
| causes = Impinduka muri jeni ''COL1A1'' cyangwa ''COL1A2''
| diagnosis = Ibimenyetso, isuzuma rya ADN
| treatment = Kwita ku mavunika, imiti igabanya ububabare, ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, kubagwa
| frequency = Umuntu 1 kuri 15.000
}}
'''Osteogenesis imperfecta''' (OI), izwi kandi nka '''indwara y'amagufwa acika intege''', ni itsinda ry'indwara z'uruhererekane zituma amagufwa avunika byoroshye. Ishobora kandi gutera amaso afite ibara ry'ubururu, uburebure bugufi no [[Ubumuga bwo kutumva|kutumva neza]].

Ahanini iterwa no kubura kolajeni yo mu bwoko bwa I. Nta muti uyikiza uhari, ariko ubuvuzi bufasha kwirinda no kuvura amavunika; ifata umuntu umwe ku bantu 15.000.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) ni itsinda ry'indwara ziterwa n'uturemangingo zifata cyane cyane amagufwa. Bituma amagufwa avunika byoroshye.&lt;ref name=GHR2016&gt;{{cite web|title=osteogenesis imperfecta|url=https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta|website=Genetics Home Reference|access-date=15 October 2016|date=11 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018224156/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta|archive-date=18 October 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018224156/https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta |date=18 October 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubukana bwayo bushobora kuba buke cyangwa bukabije.&lt;ref name=GHR2016 /&gt; Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo ibara ry'ubururu mu gice cyera cy'amaso (''sclera''), uburebure bugufi, ingingo zirekuye cyane, kutumva neza, ibibazo byo guhumeka n'ibibazo by'[[amenyo]].&lt;ref name=GHR2016 /&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo gucikamo kw'imitsi y'amaraso yo mu ijosi no kw'umutsi munini w'amaraso (''aorta'').&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=McNeeley|first=MF|last2=Dontchos|first2=BN|last3=Laflamme|first3=MA|last4=Hubka|first4=M|last5=Sadro|first5=CT|title=Aortic dissection in osteogenesis imperfecta: case report and review of the literature.|journal=Emergency Radiology|date=December 2012|volume=19|issue=6|pages=553–6|doi=10.1007/s10140-012-1044-1|pmid=22527359}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu n'ubwoko ==
Ikibazo cy'ibanze akenshi ni icy'uturemangingo dufatanya umubiri (''connective tissue'') bitewe no kubura kolajeni yo mu bwoko bwa I. Ibi bibaho mu bantu barenga 90% bitewe n’impinduka mu miterere ya za jeni za ''COL1A1'' cyangwa ''COL1A2''.&lt;ref name=GHR2016 /&gt; Ibi bibazo by’uturemangingo akenshi biragwa n’ababyeyi b’umuntu mu buryo busanzwe cyangwa bigaterwa n’impinduka nshya.&lt;ref name=GHR2016 /&gt; Hari nibura ubwoko umunani bw'ingenzi, aho ubwoko bwa mbere ari bwo bworoheje cyane naho ubwoko bwa kabiri bukaba ari bwo bukabije cyane.&lt;ref name=GHR2016 /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Gusuzuma indwara akenshi bishingiye ku bimenyetso kandi bishobora kwemezwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma rya kolajeni cyangwa irya ADN.

== Kuvura ==
Nta muti uhari. Kugira ubuzima bwiza, hakorwa imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi hirindwa kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], bishobora gufasha mu kwirinda kuvunika.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Tx&gt;{{cite web|title=What Is Osteogenesis Imperfecta? Fast Facts: An Easy-to-Read Series of Publications for the Public|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteogenesis_Imperfecta/osteogenesis_imperfecta_ff.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=15 October 2016|date=November 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018215941/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteogenesis_Imperfecta/osteogenesis_imperfecta_ff.asp|archive-date=18 October 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018215941/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteogenesis_Imperfecta/osteogenesis_imperfecta_ff.asp |date=18 October 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubuvuzi bushobora kuba burimo kwita ku magufwa yavunitse, imiti igabanya ububabare, ubuvuzi bw'umubiri, ibyuma bifasha amaguru (''braces'') cyangwa amagare y'abafite [[ubumuga]] ndetse no kubagwa.&lt;ref name=NIH2014Tx /&gt; Ubwoko bw'ubuganga bushyira inkoni z'icyuma mu magufwa maremare bushobora gukorwa kugira ngo ayakomeze. Hari ibimenyetso bike bishyigikira ikoreshwa ry'imiti yo mu bwoko bwa bisphosphonate.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Harrington|first=J|last2=Sochett|first2=E|last3=Howard|first3=A|title=Update on the evaluation and treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta.|journal=Pediatric Clinics of North America|date=December 2014|volume=61|issue=6|pages=1243–57|pmid=25439022|doi=10.1016/j.pcl.2014.08.010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Phi2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last2=Phillipi|first2=CA|last3=Steiner|first3=RD|last4=Basel|first4=D|date=19 October 2016|title=Bisphosphonate therapy for osteogenesis imperfecta.|url=|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=10|pages=CD005088|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD005088.pub4|pmid=27760454|last=Dwan|first=K|pmc=6611487}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
OI igira ingaruka ku muntu umwe kuri 15.000. Uko indwara izagenda biterwa n'ubwoko bwayo, ariko abantu benshi bagira ubuzima bwiza.&lt;ref name=NIH2015&gt;{{cite web|title=Osteogenesis Imperfecta Overview|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteogenesis_Imperfecta/overview.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=15 October 2016|date=June 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018221104/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteogenesis_Imperfecta/overview.asp|archive-date=18 October 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018221104/http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Bone/Osteogenesis_Imperfecta/overview.asp |date=18 October 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe kuva mu bihe bya kera.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kel2012&quot; /&gt; Ijambo &quot;osteogenesis imperfecta&quot; ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1895 kandi risobanura irema ry'amagufwa ridatunganye.&lt;ref name=GHR2016 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kel2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kelly|first=Evelyn B.|title=Encyclopedia of Human Genetics and Disease|date=2012|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9780313387135|page=613|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqMYt17klVIC&amp;pg=PA613|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171105195021/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqMYt17klVIC&amp;pg=PA613|archive-date=2017-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ubumuga]]
* [[Ubumuga bwo kutumva]]
* [[Indwara ya Scoliose]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>1yoq8p4pj9gnfe06sfi0mkpyj01t4fa</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gonorrhea</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23386</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141484</id>
      <parentid>141276</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:19:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141484</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7854" sha1="kbwjquab40rbsnpde8vg7ftrb68ttvr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Gonorrhea
| synonyms = Clap
| image = SOA-gonorroe-male.jpg
| caption = Gusohora amashyira mu gitsina cy'umugabo urwaye gonorrhea
| field = Indwara zandura
| symptoms = Ububabare iyo umuntu anyara, gusohora ibintu mu gitsina, kubabara mu nda yo hasi
| complications = Ububyimbirwe bw'imyanya yo mu nda yo hasi, kubyimba kwa epididymis
| causes = ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae''
| prevention = Agakingirizo, kugira uwo muryamana umwe utanduye
| treatment = Ceftriaxone, azithromycin
| frequency = 0.8% by'abagore, 0.6% by'abagabo
| deaths = 700 (2015)
}}
'''Gonorrhea''', izwi kandi nka '''clap''', ni indwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina iterwa na [[Bagiteri|bagiteri]] ya ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae''. Ishobora gutera ububabare iyo umuntu anyara no gusohora ibintu mu gitsina, ariko benshi mu bayirwaye nta bimenyetso bagira.

Yirindwa hakoreshejwe [[agakingirizo]] kandi ivurwa n'imiti ya antibiyotike, nubwo bagiteri zitangiye kwihanganira imiti imwe n'imwe.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Gonorrhea ni [[Indwara zandurira mu mibonanompuzabitsina|indwara yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina]] (STI) iterwa na bagiteri ya ''Neisseria gonorrhoeae''.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Gonorrhea – CDC Fact Sheet (Detailed Version)|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea-detailed.htm|website=CDC|access-date=27 August 2016|date=17 November 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902004117/http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea-detailed.htm|archive-date=2 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwandura bishobora kuba mu myanya ndangagitsina, mu kanwa no mu kibuno.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Leslie Delong|last2=Nancy Burkhart|title=General and Oral Pathology for the Dental Hygienist|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jmhADwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT787|date=2017-11-27|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health|isbn=978-1-4963-5453-2|page=787|access-date=7 June 2020|archive-date=1 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801232018/https://books.google.com/books?id=jmhADwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT787|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abagabo banduye bashobora kumva ububabare cyangwa ubushye iyo banyara, gusohora ibintu mu gitsina cyangwa kubabara mu mabya.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Abagore banduye bashobora kumva ubushye iyo banyara, gusohora ibintu mu gitsina, kuva amaraso mu gitsina hagati y’imihango, cyangwa kubabara mu nda yo hasi.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Ingorane ku bagore zirimo ububyimbirwe bw'imyanya yo mu nda yo hasi (''pelvic inflammatory disease'') naho ku bagabo zirimo kubyimba kwa ''epididymis''.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Nyamara, benshi mu banduye nta bimenyetso bafite.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Iyo idavuwe, gonorrhea ishobora gukwirakwira mu ngingo cyangwa mu dupfundikizo tw'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mor2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Morgan|first=MK|last2=Decker|first2=CF|title=Gonorrhea.|journal=Disease-a-month : DM|date=August 2016|volume=62|issue=8|pages=260–8|pmid=27107780|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.009}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uko yandura ==
Gonorrhea yandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu wanduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Ibi birimo imibonano mpuzabitsina yo mu kanwa, mu kibuno no mu gitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Ishobora kandi gukwirakwira kuva ku mubyeyi kugera ku mwana mu gihe cyo kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Isuzuma rikorwa hapimwa inkari, umuyoboro w'inkari (''urethra'') ku bagabo, cyangwa inkondo y'umura ku bagore.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt; Gupima abagore bose bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina kandi bari munsi y'imyaka 25 buri mwaka kimwe n'abafite abo baryamana bashya birasabwa; &lt;ref name=&quot;STI2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Workowski|first=KA|last2=Bolan|first2=GA|title=Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.|journal=MMWR. Recommendations and Reports / Centers for Disease Control|date=5 June 2015|volume=64|issue=RR-03|pages=1–137|pmid=26042815|pmc=5885289}}&lt;/ref&gt; inama imwe irakurikizwa no ku bagabo bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abagabo (MSM).&lt;ref name=&quot;STI2015&quot; /&gt;

== Kwirinda ==
Indwara ya Gonorrhea ishobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe agakingirizo, imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu umwe gusa utarandura, ndetse no kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;STI2015&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bukorwa hakoreshejwe ceftriaxone iterwa mu rushinge na azithromycin inyobwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016Tx&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Un2015&quot; /&gt; Bagiteri zatangiye kwihanganira imiti myinshi ya antibiyotike yakoreshejwe mbere kandi rimwe na rimwe hakenerwa doze nyinshi ya ceftriaxone.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016Tx&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Antibiotic-Resistant Gonorrhea Basic Information|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/arg/basic.htm|website=CDC|access-date=27 August 2016|date=13 June 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908222601/http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/arg/basic.htm|archive-date=8 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Un2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Unemo|first=M|title=Current and future antimicrobial treatment of gonorrhoea – the rapidly evolving Neisseria gonorrhoeae continues to challenge.|journal=BMC Infectious Diseases|date=21 August 2015|volume=15|pages=364|pmid=26293005|doi=10.1186/s12879-015-1029-2|pmc=4546108}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gusubiramo ibizamini ni byiza amezi atatu nyuma yo kuvurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;STI2015&quot; /&gt; Abo umurwayi yaryamanye na bo mu mezi abiri ashize nabo bagomba kuvurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Indwara ya Gonorrhea yibasira hafi 0.8% by'abagore na 0.6% by'abagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;New2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Newman|first=Lori|last2=Rowley|first2=Jane|last3=Vander Hoorn|first3=Stephen|last4=Wijesooriya|first4=Nalinka Saman|last5=Unemo|first5=Magnus|last6=Low|first6=Nicola|last7=Stevens|first7=Gretchen|last8=Gottlieb|first8=Sami|last9=Kiarie|first9=James|last10=Temmerman|first10=Marleen|last11=Meng|first11=Zhefeng|title=Global Estimates of the Prevalence and Incidence of Four Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections in 2012 Based on Systematic Review and Global Reporting|journal=PLOS ONE|date=8 December 2015|volume=10|issue=12|pages=e0143304|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0143304|pmid=26646541|pmc=4672879|bibcode=2015PLoSO..1043304N}}&lt;/ref&gt; Buri mwaka, abantu bari hagati ya miliyoni 33 na 106 bandura gonorrhea, mu bantu miliyoni 498 z’abantu bandura indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina zivurwa – harimo na [[Mburugu|syphilis]], chlamydia, na trichomoniasis.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=22 August 2015|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4|pmc=4561509}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwandura indwara mu bagore akenshi bibaho iyo bakiri bato.&lt;ref name=&quot;STI2015&quot; /&gt; Mu 2015, byateje impfu zigera kuri 700.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015De&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
Ibisobanuro by'iyi ndwara bigaragara kuva mu [[Isezerano rya Kera]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Mor2016&quot; /&gt; Izina ry'ubu ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere n'umuganga w'Umugereki Galen mbere y'umwaka wa 200, wayise &quot;gutakaza intanga bitifuzwa&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mor2016&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara zandurira mu mibonanompuzabitsina]]
* [[Mburugu]]
* [[Agakingirizo]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>kbwjquab40rbsnpde8vg7ftrb68ttvr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hepatite C</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23387</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141485</id>
      <parentid>141278</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:20:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141485</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9602" sha1="n78xskydtgltpbvbu6bcgufm2fvij8u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Hepatite C
| image = Exames Hepatite (14592824498).jpg
| caption = Ibizamini by'amaraso bya hepatite
| field = Indwara zandura, ubuvuzi bw'umwijima
| symptoms = Akenshi nta bimenyetso; umuriro, inkari zijimye, uruhu ruhinduka umuhondo
| complications = Cirrhose, kunanirwa k'umwijima, kanseri y'umwijima
| causes = Virusi ya hepatite C (HCV)
| diagnosis = Gupima amaraso
| prevention = Inshinge zisukuye, gupima amaraso atangwa
| treatment = Sofosbuvir, simeprevir
| frequency = Miliyoni 71 (2017)
}}
'''Hepatite C''' ni indwara iterwa na virusi ya hepatite C (HCV) yibasira cyane cyane [[umwijima]]. Akenshi nta bimenyetso igaragaza mu ntangiriro, ariko uko imyaka ishira ishobora gutera cirrhose, kunanirwa k'umwijima cyangwa [[Kanseri|kanseri]] y'umwijima.

Yandurira ahanini mu guhura kw'amaraso. Nta rukingo rwayo ruhari, ariko imiti mishya ikiza abarenga 95% by'abarwayi; ku isi hari abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 71 bayirwaye.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Hepatite C ni indwara yandura iterwa na [[virusi]] ya hepatite C (HCV) yibasira cyane cyane umwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherris2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Sherris Medical Microbiology|url=https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi00ryan|url-access=limited|edition=4th|publisher=McGraw Hill|year=2004|pages=[https://archive.org/details/sherrismedicalmi00ryan/page/n568 551]–52|isbn=978-0-8385-8529-0|veditors=Ryan KJ, Ray CG}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu gihe cyo kwandura bwa mbere abantu bakunze kugira ibimenyetso byoroheje cyangwa ntibagire ibimenyetso na bimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hepatitis C FAQs for Health Professionals|url=https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm|website=CDC|access-date=4 February 2016|date=January 8, 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121073721/http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hcv/hcvfaq.htm|archive-date=21 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Rimwe na rimwe haboneka umuriro, inkari zijimye, ububabare bwo mu nda n'uruhu ruhinduka umuhondo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt; Iyi virusi ikomeza mu mwijima ku bantu bagera kuri 75% kugeza kuri 85% by'abanduye bwa mbere.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt; Ubwandu budakira akenshi nta bimenyetso bugira mu ntangiriro.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt; Ariko uko imyaka ishira, akenshi bitera indwara z'umwijima ndetse rimwe na rimwe na cirrhose.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt; Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe, abafite cirrhose bazahura n'ingorane zikomeye nko kunanirwa k'umwijima, kanseri y'umwijima, cyangwa imiyoboro y'amaraso yagutse mu muhogo no mu gifu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sherris2004&quot; /&gt;

== Uko yandura ==
HCV yandurira cyane cyane mu guhura kw'amaraso, nko mu gukoresha [[ibiyobyabwenge]] biterwa mu mitsi, ibikoresho byo kwa muganga bidasukuye neza, imvune zo guterwa n'inshinge mu buvuzi, no guterwa amaraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Mah2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Maheshwari|first=A|last2=Thuluvath, PJ|title=Management of acute hepatitis C|journal=Clinics in Liver Disease|date=February 2010|volume=14|issue=1|pages=169–76, x|pmid=20123448|doi=10.1016/j.cld.2009.11.007}}&lt;/ref&gt; Aho amaraso atangwa apimwa, ibyago byo kwandura binyuze mu guterwa amaraso biri munsi ya kimwe kuri miliyoni ebyiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt; Ishobora kandi gukwirakwira kuva ku mubyeyi wanduye kugeza ku mwana we mu gihe cyo kuvuka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt; Ntikwirakwira binyuze mu gukoranaho bisanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hepatitis C Fact sheet N°164|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/|website=WHO|access-date=4 February 2016|date=July 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160131041006/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs164/en/|archive-date=31 January 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni imwe muri virusi eshanu zizwi za [[hepatite]]: A, B, C, D, na E.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Viral Hepatitis: A through E and Beyond|url=http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis-a-through-e/Pages/facts.aspx|website=National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases|access-date=4 February 2016|date=April 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160202083731/http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/health-topics/liver-disease/viral-hepatitis-a-through-e/Pages/facts.aspx|archive-date=2 February 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Isuzuma rikorwa hapimwa amaraso, harebwa abasirikare b'umubiri (''antibodies'') barwanya virusi cyangwa RNA yayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt; Birasabwa gupima abantu bose bafite ibyago byo kuyandura.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt;

== Kwirinda ==
Nta rukingo rwa Hepatite C ruhari.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Web2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Webster|first=Daniel P|last2=Klenerman|first2=Paul|last3=Dusheiko|first3=Geoffrey M|title=Hepatitis C|journal=The Lancet|volume=385|issue=9973|year=2015|pages=1124–35|pmid=25687730|pmc=4878852|issn=0140-6736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)62401-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kwirinda birimo ingamba zo kugabanya ingaruka mbi ku bantu bakoresha ibiyobyabwenge biterwa mu mitsi no gupima amaraso yatanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Ubwandu budakira bushobora gukira ku barenga 95% hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka sofosbuvir cyangwa simeprevir.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2019Fact&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Hepatitis C|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c|last=|first=|date=9 July 2019|website=World Health Organization|language=en|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200526052334/https://www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c|archive-date=2020-05-26|access-date=2020-05-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2016&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Peginterferon na ribavirin ni uburyo bwo kuvura bwakozwe mbere bwari bufite igipimo cyo gukira kiri munsi ya 50% kandi ingaruka mbi zikaba nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kim2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kim|first=A|title=Hepatitis C Virus|journal=Annals of Internal Medicine|date=September 2016|volume=165|issue=5|pages=ITC33–ITC48|doi=10.7326/AITC201609060|pmid=27595226|type=Review}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ariko kubona uburyo bushya bwo kuvura bishobora kuba bihenze.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Abarwaye cirrhose cyangwa kanseri y'umwijima bashobora gukenera guhindurirwa umwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2011&quot; /&gt; Hepatite C ni imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zituma abantu bahindurirwa umwijima, nubwo virusi ikunze kugaruka nyuma yaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Rosen|first=HR|title=Clinical practice. Chronic hepatitis C infection|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=2011-06-23|volume=364|issue=25|pages=2429–38|pmid=21696309|doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1006613|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/ee00276a6c2b5e9af4841bce7922b00b92ff20a4|access-date=2020-07-28|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828104228/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Clinical-practice.-Chronic-hepatitis-C-infection.-Rosen/ee00276a6c2b5e9af4841bce7922b00b92ff20a4|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 71 (1%) ku isi yose bari barwaye hepatite C mu 2017.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2019Fact&quot; /&gt; Mu 2013, habayeho abarwayi bashya bagera kuri miliyoni cumi n'imwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.|journal=Lancet|date=22 August 2015|volume=386|issue=9995|pages=743–800|pmid=26063472|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60692-4|pmc=4561509}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bikunze kugaragara cyane muri [[Afurika]] no muri [[Aziya]] yo Hagati n'iy'Iburasirazuba.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2015&quot; /&gt; Impfu zigera ku 167.000 ziturutse kuri kanseri y'umwijima n'impfu 326.000 ziturutse kuri cirrhose zatewe na hepatite C mu 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015De&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.|journal=Lancet|date=8 October 2016|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1459–1544|pmid=27733281|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1|pmc=5388903}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
Kuba hariho indwara ya hepatite C – yashoboraga kumenyekana gusa nk’ubwoko bw’indwara ya hepatite itari A itari B – byagaragajwe mu myaka ya 1970 kandi byemejwe mu 1989.&lt;ref name=&quot;pmid19781804&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Houghton M|title=The long and winding road leading to the identification of the hepatitis C virus|journal=Journal of Hepatology|volume=51|issue=5|pages=939–48|date=November 2009|pmid=19781804|doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2009.08.004|url=http://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278%2809%2900535-2/fulltext|doi-access=free|access-date=2020-07-28|archive-date=2021-12-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211217232938/https://www.journal-of-hepatology.eu/article/S0168-8278%2809%2900535-2/fulltext|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Virusi ya hepatite C yandura abantu n'[[impundu]] gusa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Shors|first=Teri|title=Understanding viruses|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|location=Burlington, MA|isbn=978-0-7637-8553-6|pages=535|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uk8xP5LRHr4C&amp;pg=PA535|edition=2nd|year=2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160515225439/https://books.google.com/books?id=Uk8xP5LRHr4C&amp;pg=PA535|archive-date=2016-05-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Hepatite]]
* [[Umwijima]]
* [[Ibiyobyabwenge]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>n78xskydtgltpbvbu6bcgufm2fvij8u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Midazolam</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23388</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141486</id>
      <parentid>141280</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:27:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141486</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5585" sha1="9fk7rm246r658qa040ehzoijdquuyi6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Midazolam
| image = Midazolam.svg
| tradename = Versed, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a609003
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, mu mitsi, mu nyama, mu mazuru, mu itama
| ATC_prefix = N05
| ATC_suffix = CD08
| CAS_number = 59467-70-8
| PubChem = 4192
| DrugBank = DB00683
| UNII = R60L0SM5BC
| KEGG = D00550
| ChEMBL = 655
| C=18 | H=13 | Cl=1 | F=1 | N=3
}}
'''Midazolam''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Versed''', ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa benzodiazepine ukoreshwa mu gutera ikinya, guturisha umurwayi, kuvura ingorane zo gusinzira n'ibitero by'igicuri.

Itera gusinzira, igabanya imihangayiko kandi ishobora gutera kwibagirwa ibibaye. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS kandi ntihenze.

== Ikoreshwa ==
Midazolam ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa benzodiazepine ukoreshwa mu gutera ikinya, guturisha umurwayi mu gihe cy'ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi, kuvura ingorane zo gusinzira no guhagarika umutima gukabije.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Midazolam Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/midazolam-hydrochloride.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Aug 1, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905074829/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/midazolam-hydrochloride.html|archive-date=2015-09-05}} &lt;/ref&gt; Ikora mu gutera gusinzira, kugabanya imihangayiko, no gutuma umuntu atabasha kubika ibyibukwa bishya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ni ingirakamaro kandi mu kuvura ibitero by'igicuri (''seizures'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Sei2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brigo F, Nardone R, Tezzon F, Trinka E|title=Nonintravenous midazolam versus intravenous or rectal diazepam for the treatment of early status epilepticus: A systematic review with meta-analysis|journal=Epilepsy &amp; Behavior|volume=49|pages=325–36|date=August 2015|pmid=25817929|doi=10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.02.030}}&lt;/ref&gt; Midazolam ishobora gutangwa mu kanwa, mu mutsi w'amaraso, mu rushinge mu nyama, mu mazuru cyangwa mu itama.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sei2015&quot; /&gt; Iyo itewe mu mutsi w'amaraso, akenshi itangira gukora mu minota itanu; iyo itewe mu nyama, bishobora gufata iminota cumi n'itanu kugira ngo itangire gukora.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka zimara hagati y'isaha imwe n'esheshatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi ==
Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kugabanuka k'imbaraga zo guhumeka, umuvuduko w'amaraso ugabanuka, no gusinzira.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Umubiri ushobora kumenyera ingaruka zayo, kandi ibimenyetso byo kuyireka bishobora kubaho nyuma yo kuyikoresha igihe kirekire.&lt;ref name=&quot;Riss-2008&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka zidasanzwe, nko kongera ibikorwa, zishobora kubaho cyane cyane ku bana no ku bantu bakuze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Riss-2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S|title=Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics|journal=Acta Neurologica Scandinavica|volume=118|issue=2|pages=69–86|date=August 2008|pmid=18384456|doi=10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hari ibimenyetso byerekana ibyago iyo bikoreshejwe mu gihe cyo gutwita ariko nta bimenyetso byerekana ingaruka mbi iyo hakoreshejwe doze imwe mu gihe cyo konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ric2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=21}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Midazolam use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/midazolam.html|access-date=29 August 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150905082026/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/midazolam.html|archive-date=5 September 2015}} &lt;/ref&gt;

== Uko ikora ==
Iri mu bwoko bwa benzodiazepine bw'imiti kandi ikora mu kongera imikorere ya neurotransmitter ya GABA mu [[ubwonko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Midazolam yahawe ipatanti mu 1974, itangira gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1982.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=539|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA539|language=en|access-date=2 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043518/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA539|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) nk'umuti usimbura lorazepam.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Igiciro n'amategeko ==
Iraboneka nk'umuti rusange (''generic'') kandi ntabwo ihenze cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ric2015&quot; /&gt; Igiciro cy'agacupa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hafi 0.35$.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Midazolam|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1316&amp;searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=29 August 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072833/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1316&amp;searchYear=2014|url-status=live}} &lt;/ref&gt; Mu bihugu byinshi, ni umuti ugenzurwa n'amategeko.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Naloxone]]
* [[Kubura ibitotsi]]
* [[Ubwonko]]

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>9fk7rm246r658qa040ehzoijdquuyi6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Adenomyose</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23389</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141487</id>
      <parentid>141282</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:42:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141487</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4484" sha1="bkikza4ydlyi5rogtuso043n2s08fkm" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Adenomyose
| synonyms = ''Adenomyosis''
| image = Adenomyosis.jpg
| caption = Adenomyose irebwa muri mikorosikopi
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'abagore
| symptoms = Kubabara mu mihango, kuva amaraso menshi mu mihango, kubabara mu nda yo hasi
| complications = Ubugumba
| diagnosis = Ultrasound, MRI, biopsy
| treatment = NSAIDs, imisemburo, kubagwa
| frequency = 20–35% by'abagore
}}
'''Adenomyose''' (''adenomyosis'') ni indwara y'abagore aho urukuta rw'imbere rwa nyababyeyi rukurira mu rukuta rw'imitsi yayo. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ukubabara mu gihe cy'imihango no kuva amaraso menshi, nubwo hari abatagira ibimenyetso.

Ishobora gutera ubugumba kandi ikunze kujyana na [[endometriosis]]. Ivurwa n'imiti igabanya ububabare, imisemburo cyangwa kubagwa; yibasira hagati ya 20% na 35% by'abagore.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Adenomyose (''adenomyosis'') ni indwara aho uturemangingo tw'urukuta rw'imbere rwa nyababyeyi (''endometrium'') dukurira mu rukuta rw'imitsi ya nyababyeyi (''myometrium'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Bour2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Bourdon|first=M|last2=Santulli|first2=P|last3=Marcellin|first3=L|last4=Maignien|first4=C|last5=Maitrot-Mantelet|first5=L|last6=Bordonne|first6=C|last7=Plu Bureau|first7=G|last8=Chapron|first8=C|title=Adenomyosis: An update regarding its diagnosis and clinical features.|journal=Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction|date=December 2021|volume=50|issue=10|pages=102228|doi=10.1016/j.jogoh.2021.102228|pmid=34520877}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso akenshi birimo kubabara mu gihe cy'imihango no kuva amaraso menshi mu mihango; ariko hari abarwayi batagira ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=R|first=Gunther|last2=C|first2=Walker|date=2020|title=Adenomyosis|journal=StatPearls [Internet]|language=en|pmid=30969690}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bour2021&quot; /&gt; Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo ububabare budakira mu nda yo hasi no kubabara mu mibonano mpuzabitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo ubugumba, kandi akenshi ijyana na endometriosis.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bour2021&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ntirasobanuka neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt; Ibintu byongera ibyago birimo umubyibuho ukabije, ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro, kubagwa babyara (''césarienne''), [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] mbere, no gukorerwa ''curetage''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt; Uburyo iterwa bushobora kuba bujyanye no gukomereka no gusanwa kw'aho endometrium ihurira na myometrium, cyangwa n'ibisigazwa by'imiyoboro ya Müller.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schrager|first=S|last2=Yogendran|first2=L|last3=Marquez|first3=CM|last4=Sadowski|first4=EA|title=Adenomyosis: Diagnosis and Management.|journal=American family physician|date=1 January 2022|volume=105|issue=1|pages=33-38|pmid=35029928}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Indwara ikekwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso kandi ryemezwa hakoreshejwe ultrasound, MRI, cyangwa biopsy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2022&quot; /&gt; Ishobora gufata agace gato cyangwa kanini ka nyababyeyi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2022&quot; /&gt; Akenshi nyababyeyi irabyimba; nubwo atari [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2022&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Ibimenyetso bishobora kugabanywa n'imiti igabanya ububabare n'ububyimbirwe (NSAIDs), ibinini byo kuboneza urubyaro, agapira ko mu mura (IUD) karimo imisemburo, cyangwa danazol.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt; Ibikorwa by'ubuvuzi bishobora gufasha birimo gufunga imitsi y'amaraso igaburira nyababyeyi (''uterine artery embolization''), gutwika urukuta rw'imbere rwa nyababyeyi (''endometrial ablation'') no kubagwa (''myomectomy'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt; Ku badashaka abandi bana, bashobora kubagwa bagakurwamo nyababyeyi (''hysterectomy'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Adenomyosis ivugwa ko yibasira hagati ya 20% na 35% by'abagore.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt; Bikunze kugaragara cyane ku bagore bari mu myaka ya nyuma yo kubyara, kandi akenshi isuzumwa ku bafite imyaka 40 kuzamura.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bour2021&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Sch2022&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Carl von Rokitansky, inzobere mu isuzuma ry'indwara (''pathologist'') wakoreraga mu bihugu bivuga Ikidage, yasobanuye bwa mbere iyi ndwara mu 1860.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2023&quot; /&gt; Iri jambo rikomoka kuri &quot;adenos&quot; risobanura &quot;gland&quot; (urugingo rukora amatembabuzi), &quot;myo&quot; risobanura imitsi, naho &quot;osis&quot; risobanura indwara.

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Endometriosis]]
* [[Indwara Ya Kanseri]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>bkikza4ydlyi5rogtuso043n2s08fkm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Rumatisime ya rubagimpande</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23391</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141488</id>
      <parentid>141285</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:50:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141488</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9494" sha1="167j3fah43jft6y7h8vt81tdjuo2kvg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Rumatisime ya rubagimpande
| synonyms = ''Rheumatoid arthritis'' (RA)
| image = Severely deformed hands from Rheumatoid Arthritis.jpg
| caption = Ibiganza byangijwe cyane na rumatisime ya rubagimpande
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ingingo (rhumatologie)
| symptoms = Ingingo zishyushye, zibyimbye kandi zibabaza, kugagara kw'ingingo
| complications = Kubura amaraso, ububyimbirwe hafi y'ibihaha n'umutima
| onset = Mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima
| duration = Ubuzima bwose
| diagnosis = Ibimenyetso, imirasire ya X, ibizamini by'amaraso
| treatment = Imiti igabanya ububabare, steroïdes, NSAIDs, DMARDs, kubagwa
| frequency = Miliyoni 24.5 (2015)
| deaths = 38.000 (2013)
}}
'''Rumatisime ya rubagimpande''' (''rheumatoid arthritis'', RA) ni indwara idakira aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira ingingo, cyane cyane iz'ibiganza n'intoki, zigashyuha, zikabyimba kandi zikababaza.

Impamvu yayo ntizwi neza. Nta muti uyikiza, ariko imiti nka DMARDs ifasha kugabanya ukwiyongera kwayo; yibasira hagati ya 0.5% na 1% by'abantu bakuru mu bihugu byateye imbere, abagore kurusha abagabo.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Rumatisime ya rubagimpande (RA) ni indwara idakira aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri ubwawo, igafata cyane cyane ingingo.&lt;ref name=NIH2014&gt;{{cite web|title=Handout on Health: Rheumatoid Arthritis|url=http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/Rheumatic_Disease/default.asp|website=National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases|access-date=July 2, 2015|date=August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630212818/http://niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Rheumatic_Disease/default.asp|archive-date=June 30, 2015}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630212818/http://niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Rheumatic_Disease/default.asp |date=June 30, 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Akenshi bitera ingingo zishyushye, zibyimba kandi zibabaza.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Ububabare no kugagara kw'ingingo bikunze kwiyongera nyuma yo kuruhuka.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Akenshi ifata ingingo z'ikiganza n'iz'intoki, kandi ingingo zimwe zifatwa ku mpande zombi z'umubiri.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Iyi ndwara ishobora no gufata ibindi bice by'umubiri.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Ibi bishobora gutuma [[Anemie|amaraso aba make]], ububyimbirwe hafi y'ibihaha n'ububyimbirwe hafi y'umutima.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Umuriro n'imbaraga nke bishobora kuba biriho. Akenshi, ibimenyetso biza buhoro buhoro mu gihe cy'ibyumweru cyangwa amezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Majithia2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Majithia V, Geraci SA|title=Rheumatoid arthritis: diagnosis and management|journal=The American Journal of Medicine|volume=120|issue=11|pages=936–9|date=November 2007|pmid=17976416|doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.04.005}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Nubwo impamvu itera rubagimpande itazwi neza, bikekwa ko iterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije. Uburyo ikora ni uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira ingingo.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Ibi bitera ububyimbirwe no kubyibuha k'uruhu rupfunyika urugingo (''joint capsule'').&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Bigira ingaruka kandi ku magufwa no ku ruhenengeri rw'ingingo (''cartilage'').&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Isuzuma rikorwa ahanini hashingiwe ku bimenyetso umuntu agaragaza n'ibyo muganga abona amusuzuma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Majithia2007&quot; /&gt; Amafoto y'imirasire ya X n'ibizamini byo muri laboratwari bishobora gushyigikira isuzuma cyangwa gufasha gutandukanya iyi ndwara n'izindi zifite ibimenyetso bisa.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Izindi ndwara zishobora kugaragara nk'izo zirimo lupus erythematosus, psoriatic arthritis, na fibromyalgia n'izindi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Majithia2007&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Intego zo kuvura ni ukugabanya ububabare, kugabanya ububyimbirwe, no kunoza imikorere y'umuntu muri rusange. Ibi bishobora gufashwa no kuringaniza ikiruhuko n'imyitozo ngororamubiri, gukoresha ibyuma n'ibipfuko bifata ingingo (''splints'', ''braces''), cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bifasha umuntu.&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rausch Osthoff AK, Juhl CB, Knittle K, Dagfinrud H, Hurkmans E, Braun J, Schoones J, Vliet Vlieland TP, Niedermann K|display-authors=6|title=Effects of exercise and physical activity promotion: meta-analysis informing the 2018 EULAR recommendations for physical activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and hip/knee osteoarthritis|journal=RMD Open|volume=4|issue=2|pages=e000713|date=2018-12-04|pmid=30622734|pmc=6307596|doi=10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000713}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Park Y, Chang M|title=Effects of rehabilitation for pain relief in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review|journal=Journal of Physical Therapy Science|volume=28|issue=1|pages=304–8|date=January 2016|pmid=26957779|pmc=4756025|doi=10.1589/jpts.28.304}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imiti igabanya ububabare, steroïdes na NSAIDs ikunze gukoreshwa mu gufasha ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Imiti ihindura imigendekere y'indwara (''DMARDs''), nka hydroxychloroquine na methotrexate, ishobora gukoreshwa mu kugerageza kugabanya ukwiyongera kw'indwara.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Imiti ya DMARD y’ibinyabuzima ishobora gukoreshwa iyo indwara itavurwa n'indi miti.&lt;ref name=&quot;ACR2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Singh JA, Saag KG, Bridges SL, Akl EA, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, Vaysbrot E, McNaughton C, Osani M, Shmerling RH, Curtis JR, Furst DE, Parks D, Kavanaugh A, O'Dell J, King C, Leong A, Matteson EL, Schousboe JT, Drevlow B, Ginsberg S, Grober J, St Clair EW, Tindall E, Miller AS, McAlindon T|title=2015 American College of Rheumatology Guideline for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis|journal=Arthritis &amp; Rheumatology|volume=68|issue=1|pages=1–26|date=January 2016|pmid=26545940|doi=10.1002/art.39480|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ariko, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi nyinshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Singh JA, Wells GA, Christensen R, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Maxwell L, Macdonald JK, Filippini G, Skoetz N, Francis D, Lopes LC, Guyatt GH, Schmitt J, La Mantia L, Weberschock T, Roos JF, Siebert H, Hershan S, Lunn MP, Tugwell P, Buchbinder R|title=Adverse effects of biologics: a network meta-analysis and Cochrane overview|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=2|pages=CD008794|date=February 2011|pmid=21328309|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD008794.pub2|pmc=7173749}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kubagwa kugira ngo ingingo zisanwe, zisimburwe cyangwa zifatanywe bishobora gufasha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.&lt;ref name=NIH2014 /&gt; Uburyo bwinshi bw'ubuvuzi busimbura (''alternative medicine'') ntibushyigikiwe n'ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ef2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Efthimiou P, Kukar M|s2cid=21179821|title=Complementary and alternative medicine use in rheumatoid arthritis: proposed mechanism of action and efficacy of commonly used modalities|journal=Rheumatology International|volume=30|issue=5|pages=571–86|date=March 2010|pmid=19876631|doi=10.1007/s00296-009-1206-y}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== Ikwirakwira ==
Mu 2015, RA yibasiraga abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 24.5.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi biri hagati ya 0.5 na 1% by'abantu bakuru mu bihugu byateye imbere, aho 5 na 50 kuri 100.000 batangira kurwara iyi ndwara buri mwaka. Indwara akenshi itangira mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima kandi abagore bayirwara inshuro 2.5 kurusha abagabo. Yateje impfu 38.000 mu 2013, zivuye ku 28.000 mu 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;GDB2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013|journal=Lancet|volume=385|issue=9963|pages=117–71|date=January 2015|pmid=25530442|pmc=4340604|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2|author=((GBD 2013 Mortality Causes of Death Collaborators))}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
Ibisobanuro bya mbere bya RA byatanzwe mu 1800 na Augustin Jacob Landré-Beauvais (1772–1840) wo i [[Paris]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Landre1800&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=Landré-Beauvais AJ|title=La goutte asthénique primitive (doctoral thesis)|year=1800|location=Paris}} reproduced in {{Cite journal|vauthors=Landré-Beauvais AJ|title=The first description of rheumatoid arthritis. Unabridged text of the doctoral dissertation presented in 1800|journal=Joint, Bone, Spine|volume=68|issue=2|pages=130–43|date=March 2001|pmid=11324929|doi=10.1016/S1297-319X(00)00247-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izina ''rheumatoid arthritis'' rikomoka mu [[Ikigereki|kigereki]], risobanura ingingo zifite amazi kandi zibyimbye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Paget2002&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Paget|first=Stephen A.|last2=Lockshin|first2=Michael D.|last3=Loebl|first3=Suzanne|title=The Hospital for Special Surgery Rheumatoid Arthritis Handbook Everything You Need to Know|date=2002|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|location=New York|isbn=9780471223344|pages=32|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=akacOyQrnKkC&amp;pg=PA32|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170222110341/https://books.google.com/books?id=akacOyQrnKkC&amp;pg=PA32|archive-date=2017-02-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Anemie]]
* [[Umutima]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>167j3fah43jft6y7h8vt81tdjuo2kvg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mupirocin</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23392</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141489</id>
      <parentid>141288</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:04:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141489</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4499" sha1="sx3nfloqgbk4own6loh665izzi3xmew" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Mupirocin
| image = Mupirocin structure.png
| tradename = Bactroban, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a688004
| routes_of_administration = Gusigwa ku ruhu
| ATC_prefix = D06
| ATC_suffix = AX09
| CAS_number = 12650-69-0
| PubChem = 446596
| DrugBank = DB00410
| UNII = D0GX863OA5
| KEGG = D01076
| ChEMBL = 719
| C=26 | H=44 | O=9
}}
'''Mupirocin''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Bactroban''', ni antibiyotike isigwa ku ruhu ivura indwara z'uruhu ziterwa na [[Bagiteri|bagiteri]], nka impetigo, ikanakoreshwa mu gukura MRSA mu mazuru.

Ikora ibuza bagiteri gukora poroteyine. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS kandi ntihenze.

== Ikoreshwa ==
Mupirocin ni antibiyotike isigwa ku ruhu, ivura indwara z'uruhu nk'impetigo cyangwa folliculitis.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=WHO Model Formulary 2008|year=2009|isbn=9789241547659|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|veditors=Stuart MC, Kouimtzi M, Hill SR|hdl=10665/44053|publisher=World Health Organization|page=298}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ''Staphylococcus aureus'' itavurwa na methicillin (MRSA) iri mu mazuru ariko idatera ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016&gt;{{cite web|title=Mupirocin|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/mupirocin.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005721/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/mupirocin.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221005721/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/mupirocin.html |date=21 December 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Kubera impungenge z'uko bagiteri zayimenyera (''resistance''), kuyikoresha mu gihe kirenze iminsi icumi ntibisabwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2008&quot; /&gt; Ikoreshwa nk'amavuta (''cream'' cyangwa ''ointment'') asigwa ku ruhu.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuryaryata n'uduheri aho yasizwe, kurwara umutwe n'isesemi. Kuyikoresha igihe kirekire bishobora gutuma ibihumyo byiyongera.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt; Kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no konsa bigaragara ko nta kibazo biteza.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt;

== Uko ikora ==
Mupirocin iri mu miti yo mu bwoko bwa aside karubokisilike.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Khanna|first=Ramesh|last2=Krediet|first2=Raymond T.|title=Nolph and Gokal's Textbook of Peritoneal Dialysis|date=2009|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=9780387789408|page=421|edition=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hSkN5rbg6o0C&amp;pg=PA421|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910183359/https://books.google.com/books?id=hSkN5rbg6o0C&amp;pg=PA421|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikora mu kubuza ubushobozi bwa bagiteri bwo gukora poroteyine, ibi bikaba bikunze gutuma bagiteri ipfa.&lt;ref name=AHFS2016 /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Mupirocin yavanywe bwa mbere muri bagiteri ''Pseudomonas fluorescens'' mu 1971.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Heggers|first=John P.|last2=Robson|first2=Martin C.|last3=Phillips|first3=Linda G.|title=Quantitative Bacteriology: Its Role in the Armamentarium of the Surgeon|date=1990|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=9780849351297|page=118|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfL2NCLE7SsC&amp;pg=PA118|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910183359/https://books.google.com/books?id=kfL2NCLE7SsC&amp;pg=PA118|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS).&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Igiciro ==
Igiciro cyo kugurisha mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hafi $2.10 ku gacupa (''tube'') ka garama 15. Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], umuti w'ubuvuzi bwose ugura hagati y’amadolari 25 na 50.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ric2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=178}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 186 mu yandikwa kenshi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni eshatu.

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Bagiteri]]
* [[Selulite]]

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>sx3nfloqgbk4own6loh665izzi3xmew</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ezetimibe</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23393</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141490</id>
      <parentid>141291</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:11:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141490</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4195" sha1="fju517pgxrm5le9mnfqzub4u45xrwag" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Ezetimibe
| image = Ezetimibe.svg
| tradename = Zetia, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a603015
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa
| ATC_prefix = C10
| ATC_suffix = AX09
| CAS_number = 163222-33-1
| PubChem = 150311
| DrugBank = DB00973
| UNII = EOR26LQQ24
| KEGG = D01966
| ChEMBL = 1138
| C=24 | H=21 | F=2 | N=1 | O=3
}}
'''Ezetimibe''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Zetia''', ni umuti unyobwa ukoreshwa mu kugabanya cholesterol nyinshi mu maraso, akenshi hamwe na statin no guhindura imirire.

Ikora igabanya cholesterol yinjira mu mubiri inyuze mu mara. Yemerewe gukoreshwa mu 2002 kandi iboneka nk'umuti rusange.

== Ikoreshwa ==
Ezetimibe ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura cholesterol nyinshi mu maraso n'ibindi bibazo bimwe na bimwe by'ibinure mu maraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ezetimibe Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ezetimibe.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=13 April 2019|archive-date=17 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190617034725/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/ezetimibe.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri rusange ikoreshwa hamwe n'impinduka mu mirire hamwe na statin.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=196|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Icyakora, statin ni zo zihabwa umwanya wa mbere.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka kandi mu binini bivanze bya ezetimibe/simvastatin, ezetimibe/atorvastatin, na ezetimibe/rosuvastatin.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kwandura indwara zo mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yo hejuru, kubabara ingingo, impiswi, no kunanirwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zishobora kuba zirimo anaphylaxis, ibibazo by'[[umwijima]], agahinda gakabije n'isenyuka ry'imikaya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Umutekano wo kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] no konsa ntusobanutse neza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ezetimibe (Zetia) Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ezetimibe.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=13 April 2019|archive-date=13 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413032023/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/ezetimibe.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Uko ikora ==
Ezetimibe ikora mu kugabanya kwinjiza cholesterol mu mara.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Ezetimibe yemerewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 2002.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

== Igiciro ==
Iraboneka nk'umuti rusange (''generic'').&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Mu 2019, mu [[Ubwongereza]] kuyikoresha ukwezi kumwe byatwaraga NHS amafaranga agera kuri £26.21.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iyi ngano igura hafi amadolari y'Amerika 5.85.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 151 mu yandikwa kenshi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni enye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Ezetimibe - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ezetimibe|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=28 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228055035/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Ezetimibe|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'umutima]]
* [[Clopidogrel]]

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>fju517pgxrm5le9mnfqzub4u45xrwag</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kureba hafi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23394</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141520</id>
      <parentid>141295</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T22:00:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141520</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6702" sha1="crrr1ifpsykp9hm6m0nmlxm2wvrz6go" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kureba hafi
| synonyms = ''Myopia'', ''near-sightedness''
| image = Myopia and Hypertropia.svg
| caption = Mu jisho rireba hafi, urumuri rwibanda imbere ya retina
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'amaso
| symptoms = Kutabona neza ibiri kure, kurwara umutwe, kunanirwa kw'amaso
| complications = Gutandukana kwa retina, kataract, glaucoma
| diagnosis = Isuzuma ry'amaso
| prevention = Kumara igihe kinini hanze ku bana
| treatment = Amadarubindi, lentiye zishyirwa ku jisho, kubagwa
| frequency = Miliyari 1.5 (22%)
}}
'''Kureba hafi''' (''myopia'') ni ikibazo cy'amaso aho urumuri rwibanda imbere ya retina, bigatuma umuntu atabona neza ibintu biri kure mu gihe abona neza ibiri hafi.

Gikosorwa n'amadarubindi, lentiye zishyirwa ku jisho cyangwa kubagwa. Ni cyo kibazo cy'amaso gikunze kugaragara ku isi, kikaba cyibasira abantu bagera kuri miliyari 1.5.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Kureba hafi ni indwara y'amaso aho urumuri rwibanda imbere ya retina aho kwibanda kuri yo.&lt;ref name=NIH2010&gt;{{cite web|title=Facts About Refractive Errors|url=https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/errors|website=NEI|access-date=30 July 2016|date=October 2010|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728000730/https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/errors|archive-date=28 July 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160728000730/https://nei.nih.gov/health/errors/errors |date=28 July 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Foster PJ, Jiang Y|title=Epidemiology of myopia|journal=Eye|volume=28|issue=2|pages=202–8|date=February 2014|pmid=24406412|pmc=3930282|doi=10.1038/eye.2013.280}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bituma ibintu biri kure biba bitagaragara neza mu gihe ibintu biri hafi bisa n'ibisanzwe.&lt;ref name=NIH2010 /&gt; Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kurwara umutwe no kunanirwa kw'amaso. Kureba hafi gukabije bifitanye isano n'ibyago byinshi byo gutandukana kwa retina (''retinal detachment''), kataract na glaucoma.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu nyamukuru ikekwa ko ari uruvange rw'ibintu bigize imiterere y'umubiri n'ibidukikije.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo gukora akazi gasaba kwibanda ku bintu byegereye, kumarana igihe kinini mu nzu, ndetse no kugira abo mu muryango bafite iki kibazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM|title=Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia|journal=Ophthalmic &amp; Physiological Optics|volume=32|issue=1|pages=3–16|date=January 2012|pmid=22150586|doi=10.1111/j.1475-1313.2011.00884.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bifitanye isano kandi n'icyiciro cyo hejuru cy'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot; /&gt; Ikibazo cy'ibanze ni uko ijisho riba rirerire cyane, cyangwa, gake, lentiye y'ijisho ikaba ifite imbaraga nyinshi cyane.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ledford|first=Al Lens, Sheila Coyne Nemeth, Janice K.|title=Ocular anatomy and physiology|date=2008|publisher=SLACK|location=Thorofare, NJ|isbn=9781556427923|page=158|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cphm_fxwvl8C&amp;pg=PA158|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155641/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cphm_fxwvl8C&amp;pg=PA158|archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni ubwoko bw'ikosa ryo kugoreka urumuri (''refractive error'').&lt;ref name=NIH2010 /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Isuzuma rikorwa hasuzumwa amaso.&lt;ref name=NIH2010 /&gt;

== Kwirinda ==
Hari ibimenyetso bike bigaragaza ko ibyago byo kureba hafi bishobora kugabanuka iyo abana bato bamaranye igihe kinini hanze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ram2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ramamurthy D, Lin Chua SY, Saw SM|title=A review of environmental risk factors for myopia during early life, childhood and adolescence|journal=Clinical &amp; Experimental Optometry|volume=98|issue=6|pages=497–506|date=November 2015|pmid=26497977|doi=10.1111/cxo.12346|type=Review|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Xiong S, Sankaridurg P, Naduvilath T, Zang J, Zou H, Zhu J, Lv M, He X, Xu X|display-authors=6|title=Time spent in outdoor activities in relation to myopia prevention and control: a meta-analysis and systematic review|journal=Acta Ophthalmologica|volume=95|issue=6|pages=551–566|date=September 2017|pmid=28251836|pmc=5599950|doi=10.1111/aos.13403}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bishobora kuba bifitanye isano no guhura n'urumuri rw'izuba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hobday R|title=Myopia and daylight in schools: a neglected aspect of public health?|journal=Perspectives in Public Health|volume=136|issue=1|pages=50–5|date=January 2016|pmid=25800796|doi=10.1177/1757913915576679}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Kureba hafi bishobora gukosorwa n'amadarubindi, lentiye zishyirwa ku jisho (''contact lenses''), cyangwa kubagwa. Amadarubindi ni bwo buryo bworoshye kandi bwizewe bwo gukosora.&lt;ref name=NIH2010 /&gt; Lentiye zishyirwa ku jisho zishobora gutuma umuntu areba ahantu hagutse, ariko zifitanye isano n'ibyago byo kwandura indwara.&lt;ref name=NIH2010 /&gt; Kubagwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa refractive bihindura burundu imiterere ya korine (''cornea'').&lt;ref name=NIH2010 /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Kureba hafi ni cyo kibazo cy’amaso gikunze kugaragara cyane kandi bivugwa ko kibasira abantu miliyari 1.5 (22% by’abaturage).&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hol2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Holden B, Sankaridurg P, Smith E, Aller T, Jong M, He M|title=Myopia, an underrated global challenge to vision: where the current data takes us on myopia control|journal=Eye|volume=28|issue=2|pages=142–6|date=February 2014|pmid=24357836|pmc=3930268|doi=10.1038/eye.2013.256}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igipimo cy'abayirwaye kiratandukanye cyane mu bice bitandukanye by'isi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot; /&gt; Mu bantu bakuru, igipimo kiri hagati ya 15% na 49%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan2015&quot; /&gt; Abagore n'abagabo bayirwara ku kigero kimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan2015&quot; /&gt; Mu bana, bibasira 1% by'abaturage bo mu cyaro cya Nepal, 4% by'Abanyafurika y'Epfo, 12% by'Abanyamerika, na 37% mu mijyi imwe n'imwe minini yo mu [[Ubushinwa]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Fos2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan2012&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cyariyongereye kuva mu myaka ya 1950.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan2015&quot; /&gt; Kureba hafi kudakosowe ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze gutera [[Ubumuga bwo kutabona|ubumuga bwo kutabona]] ku isi hamwe n'indwara ya kataract, kwangirika kwa macular, no kubura vitamine A.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pan2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Pan CW, Dirani M, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Saw SM|title=The age-specific prevalence of myopia in Asia: a meta-analysis|journal=Optometry and Vision Science|volume=92|issue=3|pages=258–66|date=March 2015|pmid=25611765|doi=10.1097/opx.0000000000000516}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Ubumuga bwo kutabona]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>crrr1ifpsykp9hm6m0nmlxm2wvrz6go</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Minoxidil</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23395</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141522</id>
      <parentid>141297</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T04:50:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141522</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4115" sha1="hrahzbsyoagbokdayvu3yxmohs8gntp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Minoxidil
| image = Minoxidil structure.svg
| tradename = Loniten, Rogaine, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a682608
| routes_of_administration = Mu kanwa, gusigwa ku ruhu
| ATC_prefix = C02
| ATC_suffix = DC01
| CAS_number = 38304-91-5
| PubChem = 4201
| DrugBank = DB00350
| UNII = 5965120SH1
| KEGG = D00418
| ChEMBL = 802
| C=9 | H=15 | N=5 | O=1
}}
'''Minoxidil''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Loniten''' na '''Rogaine''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ufatwa mu kanwa, n'uruhara, usigwa ku ruhu.

Ikora yagura imiyoboro y'amaraso. Yemewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi kuva mu 1979 kandi iboneka nk'umuti rusange.

== Ikoreshwa ==
Minoxidil ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso n'uruhara rusanzwe ku bagabo (''male-pattern hair loss''). Ku muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ikoreshwa gusa iyo ukabije kandi udashobora kugabanywa n'umuti wongera inkari (''diuretic'') n'indi miti ibiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF79&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=BNF 79|date=March 2020|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|location=London|isbn=978-0857113658|page=186}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku bijyanye n'uruhara, igira akamaro ku bagabo no ku bagore.&lt;ref name=AHFS2020Top&gt;{{cite web |title=Minoxidil topical Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |access-date=5 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=29 October 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201029223140/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil-topical.html |date=29 October 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku muvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ifatwa mu kanwa mu gihe ku ruhara isigwa ku ruhu.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF79&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=AHFS2020Top /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi ==
Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara iyo umuntu anyoye mu kanwa zirimo kubyimba, umutima utera vuba, kumera k'ubwoya bwinshi n'isesemi. Izindi ngaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kugabanuka k'insoro z'amaraso zera, [[indwara ya Stevens-Johnson]] na angina.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF79&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara iyo zikoreshejwe ku ruhu zirimo kuryaryata no kwiyubura kw'uruhu aho yasizwe. Umutekano mu gihe cyo gutwita no konsa ntusobanutse neza, kandi ntibisabwa kuyikoresha muri ibyo bihe.

== Uko ikora ==
Nk'umuti uvura umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, ikora mu kwagura imiyoboro y'amaraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Katzung2021&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Benowitz|first=Neal L.|editor-last=Katzung|editor-first=Bertram G.|editor-last2=Trevor|editor-first2=Anthony J.|title=Basic and Clinical Pharmacology|edition=15th|date=2020|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|isbn=978-1-260-45231-0|page=183-186|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=11. Antihypertensive agents|access-date=2021-12-05|archive-date=2021-10-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211010205018/https://books.google.com/books?id=4vGSzQEACAAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uburyo ikora ku ruhara ntibusobanutse neza.&lt;ref name=AHFS2020Top /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Minoxidil yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 1979.

== Igiciro ==
Muri Amerika, iboneka nk'umuti rusange (''generic'') w'ibinini utangwa na muganga, naho isigwa ku ruhu igurwa nta rupapuro rwa muganga.&lt;ref name=AHFS2020Oral&gt;{{cite web |title=Minoxidil Monograph for Professionals |url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html |website=Drugs.com |publisher=AHFS |access-date=5 October 2020 |language=en |archive-date=16 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116092548/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116092548/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/minoxidil.html |date=16 November 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2020, mu [[Ubwongereza]], doze ya 5 mg ku munsi yatwaraga NHS amapawundi agera kuri 9 ku kwezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF79&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara ya Stevens-Johnson]]
* [[Kunanirwa k'umutima]]

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>hrahzbsyoagbokdayvu3yxmohs8gntp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Buprenorfine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23396</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141523</id>
      <parentid>141299</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T05:04:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141523</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6225" sha1="g2t6sfszpe8nl4snojxc61hxwssp7a0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox drug
| drug_name = Buprenorphine
| image = Buprenorphine.svg
| tradename = Subutex, Suboxone, n'indi
| MedlinePlus = a605002
| routes_of_administration = Munsi y'ururimi, mu itama, inshinge, ku ruhu, munsi y'uruhu
| ATC_prefix = N02
| ATC_suffix = AE01
| CAS_number = 52485-79-7
| PubChem = 644073
| DrugBank = DB00921
| UNII = 40D3SCR4GZ
| KEGG = D07132
| ChEMBL = 511142
| C=29 | H=41 | N=1 | O=4
}}
'''Buprenorphine''', igurishwa ku mazina nka '''Subutex''', ni umuti wo mu bwoko bwa opioid ukoreshwa mu kuvura abantu babaswe na opioid ndetse n'ububabare bukabije cyangwa budakira.

Ishobora gufatwa munsi y'ururimi, mu nshinge cyangwa ku ruhu. Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rwa OMS, ariko kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nabi nk'ikiyobyabwenge.

== Ikoreshwa ==
Buprenorphine ni opioid ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara yo kubatwa na opioid (''opioid use disorder''), ububabare bukabije, n'ububabare budakira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Buprenorphine Hydrochloride|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/buprenorphine-hydrochloride.html|website=drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=17 March 2017|date=26 January 2017|archive-date=18 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170718164516/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/buprenorphine-hydrochloride.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora gukoreshwa munsi y'ururimi, mu itama, mu guterwa inshinge, nk'agapapuro komekwa ku ruhu (''patch''), cyangwa nk'agakoresho gashyirwa munsi y'uruhu (''implant'').&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Press Announcements – FDA approves first buprenorphine implant for treatment of opioid dependence|url=https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm503719.htm|website=FDA|access-date=12 December 2017|language=en|archive-date=30 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171130112207/https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm503719.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku ndwara yo kubatwa na opioid, akenshi itangira iyo ibimenyetso byo kuyireka bitangiye, ndetse no mu minsi ibiri ya mbere yo kuvurwa umuntu akurikiranwa n'umuganga.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt; Kuvanga buprenorphine na [[naloxone]] (Suboxone) birasabwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko ikoreshwa nabi iterwa mu nshinge.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka zayo zigera ku ntera yo hejuru nyuma y'isaha imwe, zikamara kugeza ku masaha 24.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt;

== Ingaruka mbi ==
Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo kugabanuka k'ubuhumekero, gusinzira, kunanirwa kw'imvubura za adrenal (''adrenal insufficiency''), kwiyongera kw'igihe cya QT, umuvuduko w'amaraso muke, ubwivumbure bw'umubiri (''allergy'') no kubatwa na opioid.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt; Ku bigeze kugira ibitero by'igicuri (''seizures''), hari ibyago byo kongera kubigira.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso byo kuyireka nyuma yo guhagarika buprenorphine muri rusange ntibikabije cyane ugereranyije n'iby'indi miti ya opioid.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt; Ntibirasobanuka neza niba kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] nta kibazo biteza, kandi kuyikoresha mu gihe cyo konsa ntibisabwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt;

== Uko ikora ==
Buprenorphine igira ingaruka ku bwoko butandukanye bwa opioid receptors mu buryo butandukanye.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt; Bitewe n'ubwoko bwa receptor, ishobora kuba agonist, partial agonist, cyangwa antagonist.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Buprenorphine yahawe ipatanti mu 1965, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]] mu 1981.&lt;ref name=&quot;ASHP2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=528|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA528|language=en|access-date=29 July 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829111648/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA528|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS), nk'umuti ushobora gusimbura methadone.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO23rd&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: web annex A: World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 23rd list (2023)|year=2023|hdl=10665/371090|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2023.02|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, muri Amerika handitswe impapuro z'imiti (''prescriptions'') zigera kuri miliyoni 14.6 ziyisaba.&lt;ref name=&quot;DEA2019&quot; /&gt;

== Ikoreshwa nabi n'igiciro ==
Ni umuti ukunze gukoreshwa nabi, rimwe na rimwe mu mwanya wa [[heroine]].&lt;ref name=&quot;DEA2019&quot; /&gt; Hari abayikoresha nk'ikiyobyabwenge bayitera mu nshinge cyangwa bayihumeka mu mazuru kubera umunezero udasanzwe (''high'') itera.&lt;ref name=&quot;DEA2019&quot; /&gt; Muri Amerika, iri ku rutonde rwa gatatu (''Schedule III'') rw'ibiyobyabwenge bigenzurwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;DEA2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/buprenorphine.pdf|title=Buprenorphine|last=Drug Enforcement Administration|date=July 2019|website=DEA|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202918/https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/buprenorphine.pdf|archive-date=11 November 2020|access-date=3 December 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2021, doze ya 8 mg ku munsi ntiyari ihenze muri Amerika,&lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs.com.Cost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Buprenorphine Prices, Coupons &amp; Patient Assistance Programs|url=https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/buprenorphine|website=Drugs.com|access-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201110233732/https://www.drugs.com/price-guide/buprenorphine|archive-date=13 February 2021|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; kandi yatwaraga NHS mu [[Ubwongereza]] amapawundi ari munsi gato ya 2.50.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=BNF|date=September 2020 – March 2021|publisher=BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=978-0-85711-369-6|edition=80|location=|page=468-474}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Naloxone]]
* [[Heroine]]
* [[Ibiyobyabwenge]]
* [[Morphine]]

[[Ikiciro:Imiti]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>g2t6sfszpe8nl4snojxc61hxwssp7a0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kunanirwa k'umutima</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23397</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141476</id>
      <parentid>141302</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:42:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141476</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="13304" sha1="mamngimfcyv2gn5i4kwqhaqebu7elhx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kunanirwa k'umutima
| synonyms = ''Heart failure'' (HF), ''congestive heart failure'' (CHF), ''congestive cardiac failure'' (CCF)
| image = Cardiovascular system - Diastolic heart failure -- Smart-Servier.png
| caption = Kunanirwa k'umutima
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'umutima
| symptoms = Guhumeka nabi, umunaniro ukabije, kubyimba amaguru
| causes = Indwara z'imitsi y'umutima, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, atrial fibrillation, indwara z'udupfundikizo tw'umutima, inzoga
| diagnosis = Echocardiography
| treatment = Guhindura imibereho, imiti, ibikoresho bishyirwa mu mubiri, guhindurirwa umutima
}}
'''Kunanirwa k'umutima''' (''heart failure'', HF) ni igihe [[umutima]] udashobora gupompa amaraso ahagije ngo umubiri ubone ibyo ukeneye. Ibimenyetso by'ingenzi ni ukubura umwuka, umunaniro ukabije no kubyimba amaguru.

Ikunze guterwa n'indwara z'imitsi y'umutima, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso n'izindi ndwara z'umutima. Ivurwa hahindurwa imibereho, hakoreshwa imiti n'ibikoresho byihariye; ni indwara ikwirakwiye ku isi kandi ishobora kwica.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Kunanirwa k'umutima ni igihe umutima udashobora gupompa bihagije kugira ngo amaraso akomeze gutembera neza kugira ngo umubiri ugere ku byo ukeneye.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Heart failure|date=23 December 2009|website=Health Information|id=DS00061|publisher=Mayo Clinic|url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/DS00061|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113184520/http://mayoclinic.com/health/heart-failure/DS00061|archive-date=13 January 2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Definition of Heart failure|date=27 April 2011|website=Medical Dictionary|publisher=MedicineNet|url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3672|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111208145452/http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3672|archive-date=8 December 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso byo kunanirwa k'umutima bikunze kuba birimo guhumeka nabi, umunaniro ukabije, no kubyimba amaguru.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=National Clinical Guideline Centre (UK)|date=August 2010|title=Chronic heart failure: National clinical guideline for diagnosis and management in primary and secondary care: Partial update|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65340/|journal=National Clinical Guideline Centre|pages=19–24|pmid=22741186|access-date=6 June 2025|archive-date=30 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250430211337/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK65340/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Guhumeka nabi bikunze kwiyongera iyo umuntu akoze imyitozo ngororamubiri cyangwa aryamye, kandi bishobora kumubyutsa nijoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot; /&gt; Ubushobozi buke bwo gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri nabwo ni ikintu gikunze kugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;McD2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=McDonagh|first=Theresa A.|title=Oxford textbook of heart failure|date=2011|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-19-957772-9|page=3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r8wowXxC1voC&amp;lpg=PP1|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729154703/https://books.google.com/books?id=r8wowXxC1voC&amp;lpg=PP1|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ububabare bwo mu gituza, harimo na angina, ntabwo bukunze kubaho bitewe no kunanirwa k'umutima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=O'Connor|first=Christopher M.|title=Managing Acute Decompensated Heart Failure a Clinician's Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment.|date=2005|publisher=Informa Healthcare|location=London|isbn=978-0-203-42134-5|page=572|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b5oB0Dyoj1IC&amp;pg=PA572|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729152644/https://books.google.com/books?id=b5oB0Dyoj1IC&amp;pg=PA572|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu n'ubwoko ==
Impamvu zikunze gutera umutima gucika intege zirimo indwara z'imitsi y'umutima, harimo [[Indwara y'umutima|ihagarara ry'amaraso mu mutima]] (''myocardial infarction'') ryabayeho mbere, umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso, umutima utera nabi (''atrial fibrillation'', reba [[Arrhythmia]]), indwara z'udupfundikizo tw'umutima, kunywa [[Inzoga|inzoga]] nyinshi, kwandura, n'indwara y'imitsi y'umutima (''cardiomyopathy'') itazwi icyayiteye.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=McMurray JJ, Pfeffer MA|title=Heart failure|journal=Lancet|volume=365|issue=9474|pages=1877–89|year=2005|pmid=15924986|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66621-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bitera umutima gucika intege bitewe no guhindura imiterere cyangwa imikorere y'umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot; /&gt; Ubwoko bubiri bw'umutima unanirwa gukora neza mu gice cy'ibumoso cy'umutima - umutima unanirwa gukora neza hamwe n'igice cyo gusohora cyagabanutse (HFrEF), n'umutima unanirwa gukora neza hamwe n'igice cyo gusohora cyabugenewe (HFpEF) - bishingiye ku kuba ubushobozi bw'umutima bwo kwiyegeranya cyangwa bwo kuruhuka ari bwo bwagize ikibazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot; /&gt; Uburemere bw'indwara y'umutima bugaragazwa n'uburemere bw'ibimenyetso iyo umuntu akoze imyitozo ngororamubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp4&quot; /&gt; Kunanirwa k'umutima si kimwe no [[Indwara y'umutima|kurwara umutima]] (aho igice cy'imitsi y'umutima gipfa) cyangwa guhagarara k'umutima (aho amaraso ahagarara burundu).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Willard &amp; Spackman's occupational therapy.|date=2014|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-1-4511-1080-7|page=1124|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zLh3h6v5O_0C&amp;pg=PA1124|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160158/https://books.google.com/books?id=zLh3h6v5O_0C&amp;pg=PA1124|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=The Cardiac Care Unit Survival Guide|date=2012|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|isbn=978-1-4511-7746-6|page=98|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvkUJZCoi2EC&amp;pg=PA98|access-date=25 July 2020|archive-date=29 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200729154434/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZvkUJZCoi2EC&amp;pg=PA98|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izindi ndwara zishobora kugira ibimenyetso bisa n'ibyo kunanirwa k'umutima birimo umubyibuho ukabije, [[Impyiko|impyiko]] zinanirwa gukora neza, ibibazo by'[[Umwijima|umwijima]], [[Anemie|kubura amaraso]], n'indwara ya tiroyide.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp4&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=|title=Chronic Heart Failure: National Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Management in Primary and Secondary Care: Partial Update|journal=National Clinical Guideline Centre|pages=38–70|date=Aug 2010|pmid=22741186}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi ku mubiri, no ku isuzuma ry’umutima hakoreshejwe ''echocardiography''.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp3&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=|title=Chronic Heart Failure: National Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Management in Primary and Secondary Care: Partial Update|journal=National Clinical Guideline Centre|pages=34–47|date=Aug 2010|pmid=22741186}}&lt;/ref&gt; Gupima amaraso, gupima umutima hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, no gufotora igituza (''radiography'') bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu kumenya impamvu nyamukuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp3&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'uburemere bw'indwara n'icyayiteye.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp3&quot; /&gt; Ku bantu bafite ikibazo cy’umutima kidakira kandi gihoraho, ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bugizwe no guhindura imibereho yabo nko kureka kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]], gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no guhindura imirire, ndetse n’imiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Taylor2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Long L, Mordi IR, Bridges C, Sagar VA, Davies EJ, Coats AJ, Dalal H, Rees K, Singh SJ, Taylor RS|display-authors=6|title=Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for adults with heart failure|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=1|pages=CD003331|date=January 2019|pmid=30695817|pmc=6492482|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003331.pub5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku bantu bafite ikibazo cy'umutima giterwa n'imikorere mibi y'imitsi y'ibumoso, imiti yo mu bwoko bwa ''ACE inhibitors'', ''angiotensin receptor blockers'' cyangwa valsartan/sacubitril, hamwe na ''beta blockers'', ni yo isabwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Colvin MM, Drazner MH, Filippatos G, Fonarow GC, Givertz MM, Hollenberg SM, Lindenfeld J, Masoudi FA, McBride PE, Peterson PN, Stevenson LW, Westlake C|display-authors=6|title=2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA Focused Update on New Pharmacological Therapy for Heart Failure: An Update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America|journal=Circulation|volume=134|issue=13|pages=e282–93|date=September 2016|pmid=27208050|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000435|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku bafite indwara zikomeye, imiti irwanya aldosterone, cyangwa hydralazine irimo nitrate ishobora gukoreshwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp3&quot; /&gt; Imiti yongera inkari (''diuretics'', nka [[Furosemide|furosemide]]) ifasha kurinda kubika amazi mu mubiri n'ingaruka zabyo zo guhumeka nabi.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp5&quot; /&gt; Hari igihe, bitewe n'impamvu, igikoresho nk'icyuma gifasha umutima gutera (''pacemaker'') cyangwa ''defibrillator'' ishyirwa mu mubiri (ICD) gishobora gushyirwamo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp3&quot; /&gt; Mu bihe bimwe na bimwe biri hagati cyangwa bikomeye, ubuvuzi bwo guhuza imitere y'umutima (''cardiac resynchronization therapy'', CRT) &lt;ref name=&quot;Guidelines rhythm-abnormalities&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, DiMarco JP, Dunbar SB, Estes NA, Ferguson TB, Hammill SC, Karasik PE, Link MS, Marine JE, Schoenfeld MH, Shanker AJ, Silka MJ, Stevenson LW, Stevenson WG, Varosy PD, Ellenbogen KA, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, Gillinov AM, Gregoratos G, Hayes DL, Page RL, Stevenson LW, Sweeney MO|display-authors=6|title=2012 ACCF/AHA/HRS focused update of the 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. [corrected]|journal=Circulation|volume=126|issue=14|pages=1784–800|date=October 2012|pmid=22965336|doi=10.1161/CIR.0b013e3182618569|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; cyangwa kongera imbaraga umutima ukoresha wiyegeranya bishobora kugira akamaro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kuck 2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kuck KH, Bordachar P, Borggrefe M, Boriani G, Burri H, Leyva F, Schauerte P, Theuns D, Thibault B, Kirchhof P, Hasenfuss G, Dickstein K, Leclercq C, Linde C, Tavazzi L, Ruschitzka F|display-authors=6|title=New devices in heart failure: an European Heart Rhythm Association report: developed by the European Heart Rhythm Association; endorsed by the Heart Failure Association|journal=Europace|volume=16|issue=1|pages=109–28|date=January 2014|pmid=24265466|doi=10.1093/europace/eut311}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igikoresho gifasha ibyumba by'umutima (''ventricles'') gupompa (icy'ibumoso, icy'iburyo, cyangwa byombi), cyangwa rimwe na rimwe guhindurirwa umutima bishobora kuba inama ku bantu bafite indwara ikomeye ikomeza nubwo hari izindi ngamba zose.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp5&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=|title=Chronic Heart Failure: National Clinical Guideline for Diagnosis and Management in Primary and Secondary Care: Partial Update|journal=National Clinical Guideline Centre|pages=71–153|date=Aug 2010|pmid=22741186}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Kunanirwa k'umutima ni indwara isanzwe, ihenze, kandi ishobora kwica.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2017&quot; /&gt; Mu 2015, byagize ingaruka ku bantu bagera kuri miliyoni 40 ku isi yose.&lt;ref name=&quot;GBD2015Pre&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|author=((GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators))|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015|journal=Lancet|volume=388|issue=10053|pages=1545–1602|date=October 2016|pmid=27733282|pmc=5055577|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri rusange abantu bakuru bagera kuri 2% bafite ikibazo cy'umutima &lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Metra M, Teerlink JR|title=Heart failure|journal=Lancet|volume=390|issue=10106|pages=1981–1995|date=October 2017|pmid=28460827|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31071-1}}&lt;/ref&gt; kandi ku bafite imyaka irenga 65, iki kibazo kigera kuri 6–10%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2005&quot; /&gt;  Biteganyijwe ko umubare w'abayirwara uziyongera.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2017&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka z'urupfu ni hafi 35% mu mwaka wa mbere nyuma yo kurwara, mu gihe mu mwaka wa kabiri ibyago by'urupfu biri munsi ya 10% ku bakiriho.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot; /&gt; Uru rwego rw'ibyago byo gupfa rusa n'urwa [[Kanseri|kanseri]] zimwe na zimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot; /&gt; Mu [[Ubwongereza]], iyi ndwara ni yo mpamvu yateye 5% by'abantu bajyanwa mu bitaro byihutirwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NICEChp1&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Kunanirwa k'umutima byamenyekanye kuva kera, aho ''Papyrus Ebers'' yabivuzeho ahagana mu 1550 mbere ya Yesu.&lt;ref name=&quot;McD2011&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'umutima]]
* [[Arrhythmia]]
* [[Umutima]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>mamngimfcyv2gn5i4kwqhaqebu7elhx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ikibazo cy'ukuri cyashyizwe ku ndi</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23398</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141524</id>
      <parentid>141303</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T05:08:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox mu Kinyarwanda, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141524</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5789" sha1="nptgj2gw7p52blka9dztmfxvot98gc6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Ikibazo cy'ukuri cyashyizwe ku ndi
| synonyms = ''Munchausen syndrome by proxy'' (MSbP), ''factitious disorder imposed on another'', ''fabricated or induced illness'' (FII)
| image = FactitiousDisorderAnother.jpg
| caption = Incamake y'iyi ndwara
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe
| symptoms = Bitandukanye
| causes = Ntizwi
| risks = Ingorane zo gutwita, umubyeyi wahohotewe akiri umwana
| diagnosis = Ibimenyetso bigabanuka iyo umwana atandukanyijwe n'umurera; gukurikirana hakoreshejwe videwo
| differential = Indwara z'umubiri, ''borderline personality disorder'', ubundi buryo bwo guhohotera abana
| treatment = Gukura umwana aho ari, ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze
| frequency = Ni gake
}}
'''Ikibazo cy'ukuri cyashyizwe ku ndi''', kizwi cyane nka '''Munchausen syndrome by proxy''' (MSbP), ni indwara yo mu mutwe aho umuntu urera undi, akenshi umubyeyi ku mwana we, ahimba cyangwa ateza ibibazo by'ubuzima kuri uwo yitaho, akamugaragaza nk'urwaye.

Ni uburyo bwo guhohotera umwana bushobora kumukomeretsa burundu cyangwa kumwica. Ni gake ibaho, kandi mu birenga 95% by'ibibazo, ukora ibi ni nyina w'umwana.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Ni indwara aho umuntu wita ku wundi, akenshi umubyeyi ku mwana we, ahimba cyangwa ateza ibibazo by'ubuzima kuri uwo yitaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mer2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self - Psychiatric Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/psychiatric-disorders/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self#v1030209|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=28 April 2019|language=en-CA|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907043513/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/psychiatric-disorders/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self#v1030209|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gukomeretsa umwana cyangwa guhindura ibisubizo by'ibizamini.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mer2019&quot; /&gt; Hanyuma bagaragaza uwo muntu nk'urwaye cyangwa wakomeretse. Ibi bibaho nta nyungu yihariye ku muntu umwitaho.&lt;ref name=DSM5&gt;{{citation|author=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.)|location=Arlington|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/324 324–326]|isbn=978-0890425558|url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/324}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umwana ashobora gukomereka burundu cyangwa agapfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mer2019&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ntiramenyekana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jac2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jacoby|first=David B.|last2=Youngson|first2=R. M.|title=Encyclopedia of Family Health|date=2004|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761474869|page=1286|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VUA8DQCONgUC&amp;pg=PA1286|language=en|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309063706/https://books.google.com/books?id=VUA8DQCONgUC&amp;pg=PA1286|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intego nyamukuru ishobora kuba iyo gushaka kwitabwaho no kuyobya abaganga.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Myers|first=John E. B.|title=Myers on Evidence in Child, Domestic, and Elder Abuse Cases|date=2005|publisher=Aspen Publishers Online|isbn=9780735556683|pages=280–282|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-krZZF9dl-sC&amp;pg=PA282|language=en|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106182512/https://books.google.com/books?id=-krZZF9dl-sC&amp;pg=PA282|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo ingorane ziterwa no gutwita, no kuba umubyeyi yarahohotewe akiri umwana cyangwa afite indwara yo kwihimbira uburwayi ubwe (''factitious disorder imposed on self'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Yat2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Yates|first=G|last2=Bass|first2=C|title=The perpetrators of medical child abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) - A systematic review of 796 cases.|journal=Child Abuse &amp; Neglect|date=October 2017|volume=72|pages=45–53|doi=10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.008|pmid=28750264}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Isuzuma rishyigikirwa iyo gutandukanya umwana n'umurera bituma ibimenyetso bye bigabanuka, cyangwa iyo amashusho ya videwo yafashwe umurera atabizi abigaragaza.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Abana bagirwaho ingaruka n'iyi ndwara baba bakorewe ihohoterwa ry'umubiri n'iry'ubuvuzi (''medical child abuse'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Stir2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stirling J|title=Beyond Munchausen syndrome by proxy: identification and treatment of child abuse in a medical setting|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|publisher=Karger Publishers|location=Berlin, Germany|volume=119|issue=5|pages=1026–30|date=May 2007|pmid=17473106|doi=10.1542/peds.2007-0563|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/5/1026.long|last2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse Neglect|doi-access=free|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224171106/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/5/1026.long|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Kuyivura bishobora gusaba ko umwana ashyirwa mu wundi muryango umurera by'agateganyo (''foster care'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Jac2004&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze bushobora gufasha umurera iyo yemeye ko akeneye ubufasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Ntibizwi neza uko ikwirakwiye, ariko bigaragara ko ari gake.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Mu birenga 95% by'ibibazo byabonetse, ukora ibi ni nyina w'umwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yat2017&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Iyi ndwara yavuzwe bwa mbere mu 1977 na Roy Meadow.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Iki kibazo gishobora gufatwa nk'icyaha.&lt;ref name=DSM5 /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>nptgj2gw7p52blka9dztmfxvot98gc6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141525</id>
      <parentid>141524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T05:09:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Gukuraho ihuza ritukura mu nyandiko</comment>
      <origin>141525</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5764" sha1="1bm3u0c1rivcrt3csez8r5i6700ewcq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Ikibazo cy'ukuri cyashyizwe ku ndi
| synonyms = ''Munchausen syndrome by proxy'' (MSbP), ''factitious disorder imposed on another'', ''fabricated or induced illness'' (FII)
| image = FactitiousDisorderAnother.jpg
| caption = Incamake y'iyi ndwara
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe
| symptoms = Bitandukanye
| causes = Ntizwi
| risks = Ingorane zo gutwita, umubyeyi wahohotewe akiri umwana
| diagnosis = Ibimenyetso bigabanuka iyo umwana atandukanyijwe n'umurera; gukurikirana hakoreshejwe videwo
| differential = Indwara z'umubiri, ''borderline personality disorder'', ubundi buryo bwo guhohotera abana
| treatment = Gukura umwana aho ari, ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze
| frequency = Ni gake
}}
'''Ikibazo cy'ukuri cyashyizwe ku ndi''', kizwi cyane nka '''Munchausen syndrome by proxy''' (MSbP), ni indwara yo mu mutwe aho umuntu urera undi, akenshi umubyeyi ku mwana we, ahimba cyangwa ateza ibibazo by'ubuzima kuri uwo yitaho, akamugaragaza nk'urwaye.

Ni uburyo bwo guhohotera umwana bushobora kumukomeretsa burundu cyangwa kumwica. Ni gake ibaho, kandi mu birenga 95% by'ibibazo, ukora ibi ni nyina w'umwana.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Ni indwara aho umuntu wita ku wundi, akenshi umubyeyi ku mwana we, ahimba cyangwa ateza ibibazo by'ubuzima kuri uwo yitaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mer2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Factitious Disorder Imposed on Self - Psychiatric Disorders|url=https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/psychiatric-disorders/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self#v1030209|website=Merck Manuals Professional Edition|access-date=28 April 2019|language=en-CA|archive-date=7 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150907043513/https://www.merckmanuals.com/en-ca/professional/psychiatric-disorders/somatic-symptom-and-related-disorders/factitious-disorder-imposed-on-self#v1030209|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bishobora kuba birimo gukomeretsa umwana cyangwa guhindura ibisubizo by'ibizamini.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mer2019&quot; /&gt; Hanyuma bagaragaza uwo muntu nk'urwaye cyangwa wakomeretse. Ibi bibaho nta nyungu yihariye ku muntu umwitaho.&lt;ref name=DSM5&gt;{{citation|author=American Psychiatric Association|year=2013|title=Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.)|location=Arlington|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing|pages=[https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/324 324–326]|isbn=978-0890425558|url=https://archive.org/details/diagnosticstatis0005unse/page/324}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umwana ashobora gukomereka burundu cyangwa agapfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mer2019&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ntiramenyekana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jac2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jacoby|first=David B.|last2=Youngson|first2=R. M.|title=Encyclopedia of Family Health|date=2004|publisher=Marshall Cavendish|isbn=9780761474869|page=1286|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VUA8DQCONgUC&amp;pg=PA1286|language=en|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210309063706/https://books.google.com/books?id=VUA8DQCONgUC&amp;pg=PA1286|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Intego nyamukuru ishobora kuba iyo gushaka kwitabwaho no kuyobya abaganga.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Myers|first=John E. B.|title=Myers on Evidence in Child, Domestic, and Elder Abuse Cases|date=2005|publisher=Aspen Publishers Online|isbn=9780735556683|pages=280–282|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-krZZF9dl-sC&amp;pg=PA282|language=en|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-01-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106182512/https://books.google.com/books?id=-krZZF9dl-sC&amp;pg=PA282|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo ingorane ziterwa no gutwita, no kuba umubyeyi yarahohotewe akiri umwana cyangwa afite indwara yo kwihimbira uburwayi ubwe (''factitious disorder imposed on self'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Yat2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Yates|first=G|last2=Bass|first2=C|title=The perpetrators of medical child abuse (Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy) - A systematic review of 796 cases.|journal=Child Abuse &amp; Neglect|date=October 2017|volume=72|pages=45–53|doi=10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.07.008|pmid=28750264}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Isuzuma rishyigikirwa iyo gutandukanya umwana n'umurera bituma ibimenyetso bye bigabanuka, cyangwa iyo amashusho ya videwo yafashwe umurera atabizi abigaragaza.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Abana bagirwaho ingaruka n'iyi ndwara baba bakorewe ihohoterwa ry'umubiri n'iry'ubuvuzi (''medical child abuse'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Stir2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stirling J|title=Beyond Munchausen syndrome by proxy: identification and treatment of child abuse in a medical setting|journal=Pediatrics|publisher=Karger Publishers|location=Berlin, Germany|volume=119|issue=5|pages=1026–30|date=May 2007|pmid=17473106|doi=10.1542/peds.2007-0563|url=https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/5/1026.long|last2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse Neglect|doi-access=free|access-date=2020-08-02|archive-date=2021-02-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224171106/https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/5/1026.long|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Kuyivura bishobora gusaba ko umwana ashyirwa mu wundi muryango umurera by'agateganyo (''foster care'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Jac2004&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Ubuvuzi bw'imitekerereze bushobora gufasha umurera iyo yemeye ko akeneye ubufasha.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Ntibizwi neza uko ikwirakwiye, ariko bigaragara ko ari gake.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Mu birenga 95% by'ibibazo byabonetse, ukora ibi ni nyina w'umwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;Yat2017&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Iyi ndwara yavuzwe bwa mbere mu 1977 na Roy Meadow.&lt;ref name=&quot;My2005&quot; /&gt; Iki kibazo gishobora gufatwa nk'icyaha.&lt;ref name=DSM5 /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>1bm3u0c1rivcrt3csez8r5i6700ewcq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara ya bronchitis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23400</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141475</id>
      <parentid>141310</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:37:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141475</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8584" sha1="ltb7wpbj7gei4i9x2d1e69vkb3p0v25" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Indwara ya bronchitis
| synonyms = Bronchite, ibicurane byo mu gatuza
| image = Respiratory system - Chronic bronchitis -- Smart-Servier.png
| caption = Bronchitis idakira mu nzira z'ubuhumekero
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ibihaha
| symptoms = Inkorora, ibikororwa, guhumeka bisifura, guhumeka nabi, kubabara mu gatuza
| causes = Virusi, bagiteri, kunywa itabi, ihumana ry'ikirere
| treatment = Kuruhuka, kureka itabi, imiti yorohereza guhumeka
}}
'''Indwara ya bronchitis''' (''bronchite'') ni ukubyimba kwa bronchi, inzira nini n'iziciriritse zinjiza umwuka mu bihaha, bigatera inkorora. Ishobora kuba ikabije, ahanini iterwa na [[virusi]], cyangwa idakira, ahanini iterwa no kunywa [[Igikamba|itabi]].

Bronchitis ikabije ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane; bronchitis idakira ikunze kujyana n'[[Indwara y'ibihaha idakira|indwara y'ibihaha idakira]] (COPD).

== Ibimenyetso ==
Bronchitis ni ukubyimba kwa bronchi (inzira z'ubuhumekero nini n'iziciriritse) mu bihaha bitera inkorora.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHLBI2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Bronchitis|url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/bronchitis|website=NHLBI|access-date=9 June 2019|archive-date=29 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629105238/https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/bronchitis|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso birimo gukorora ibikororwa, guhumeka bisifura, guhumeka nabi no kubabara mu gatuza.&lt;ref name=&quot;NHLBI2019&quot; /&gt; Bronchite ishobora kuba ikabije (''acute'') cyangwa idakira (''chronic'').&lt;ref name=&quot;NHLBI2019&quot; /&gt;

== Bronchitis ikabije ==
Bronchitis ikabije ubusanzwe irangwa n'inkorora imara ibyumweru bitatu,&lt;ref name=&quot;Kin2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Kin2016|first=S|title=Acute Bronchitis|journal=American Family Physician|date=1 October 2016|volume=94|issue=7|pages=560–565|pmid=27929206}}&lt;/ref&gt; kandi izwi nk'ibicurane byo mu gatuza.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Antibiotics Aren't Always the Answer|url=https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/bronchitis.html|website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|language=en-us|date=25 September 2017|access-date=5 June 2020|archive-date=8 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130748/https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/community/for-patients/common-illnesses/bronchitis.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu barenga 90% by'abarwayi, impamvu ni ubwandu bwa [[virusi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Kin2016&quot; /&gt; Izi virusi zishobora gukwirakwira mu mwuka iyo abantu bakoroye cyangwa bahuye nazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Def&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=What Is Bronchitis?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi|access-date=1 April 2015|date=August 4, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153154/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umubare muto w’abarwayi uterwa n’indwara za [[Bagiteri|bagiteri]] nka ''Mycoplasma pneumoniae'' cyangwa ''Bordetella pertussis''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kin2016&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ingorane birimo umwotsi w'[[Igikamba|itabi]], ivumbi, n'indi [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|myanda y'umwuka]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2011Def&quot; /&gt; Kuvura indwara ya bronchitis ikabije akenshi bikubiyemo kuruhuka, [[Paracetamol|parasetamol]] (acetaminophen), n'imiti igabanya ubukana itari iya steroide (NSAIDs) kugira ngo bifashe mu kugabanya umuriro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tac2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tackett|first=KL|last2=Atkins|first2=A|s2cid=37651935|title=Evidence-based acute bronchitis therapy|journal=Journal of Pharmacy Practice|date=December 2012|volume=25|issue=6|pages=586–90|pmid=23076965|doi=10.1177/0897190012460826}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2019Overview&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How Is Bronchitis Treated?|url=http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/treatment|access-date=1 April 2015|date=August 4, 2011|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402113109/http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/brnchi/treatment|archive-date=2 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Bronchitis idakira ==
Bronchitis idakira isobanurwa nk'inkorora itanga ibikororwa, imara amezi atatu cyangwa arenga ku mwaka mu gihe cy'imyaka ibiri nibura.&lt;ref name=&quot;MeSH2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=MeSH Browser|url=https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D029481|website=meshb.nlm.nih.gov|access-date=2020-06-05|archive-date=2020-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023120536/https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D029481|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD|date=2018|pages=4–5, 25|url=https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|access-date=29 May 2019|archive-date=30 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430194701/https://goldcopd.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GOLD-2019-v1.7-FINAL-14Nov2018-WMS.pdf|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu benshi barwaye bronchitis idakira bafite [[Indwara y'ibihaha idakira|indwara idakira yo mu bihaha]] (COPD).&lt;ref name=&quot;Harr2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=John J.|last=Reilly|first2=Edwin K.|last2=Silverman|first3=Steven D.|last3=Shapiro|chapter=Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|pages=2151–9|editor-first=Dan|editor-last=Longo|editor-first2=Anthony|editor-last2=Fauci|editor-first3=Dennis|editor-last3=Kasper|editor-first4=Stephen|editor-last4=Hauser|editor-first5=J.|editor-last5=Jameson|editor-first6=Joseph|editor-last6=Loscalzo|year=2011|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|edition=18th|publisher=McGraw Hill|isbn=978-0-07-174889-6}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kunywa itabi ni yo mpamvu ikunze kugaragara cyane, hakaba hari n'izindi mpamvu nyinshi nko [[Imyuka Ihumanya Ikirere|kwanduza ikirere]] n'imiterere y'uturemangingo bigira uruhare ruto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Decramer M, Janssens W, Miravitlles M|title=Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease|journal=Lancet|volume=379|issue=9823|pages=1341–51|date=April 2012|pmid=22314182|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60968-9|pmc=7172377|citeseerx=10.1.1.1000.1967}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Kuvura ===
Uburyo bwo kuvura burimo kureka kunywa itabi, inkingo, gusubira mu buzima busanzwe, ndetse no gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'imitsi n'imiti ikoreshwa mu guhumeka.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2007&quot; /&gt; Hari abantu bashobora kungukirwa no gukoresha umwuka wa ogisijeni mu gihe kirekire.&lt;ref name=&quot;GOLD2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Rabe KF, Hurd S, Anzueto A, Barnes PJ, Buist SA, Calverley P, Fukuchi Y, Jenkins C, Rodriguez-Roisin R, van Weel C, Zielinski J|title=Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary|journal=Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.|volume=176|issue=6|pages=532–55|date=September 2007|pmid=17507545|doi=10.1164/rccm.200703-456SO|hdl=2066/51740|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Bronchitis ikabije ni imwe mu ndwara zikunze kugaragara cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tac2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Chest2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Braman|first=SS|title=Chronic cough due to acute bronchitis: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines|journal=Chest|date=January 2006|volume=129|issue=1 Suppl|pages=95S–103S|pmid=16428698|doi=10.1378/chest.129.1_suppl.95S|pmc=7094612}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu bakuru bagera kuri 5% barayirwaye naho abana bagera kuri 6% bagira nibura igice kimwe mu mwaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Wen2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Wenzel|first=RP|last2=Fowler AA|first2=3rd|title=Clinical practice. Acute bronchitis|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=16 November 2006|volume=355|issue=20|pages=2125–30|pmid=17108344|doi=10.1056/nejmcp061493}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Flem2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Fleming|first=DM|last2=Elliot|first2=AJ|title=The management of acute bronchitis in children|journal=Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy|date=March 2007|volume=8|issue=4|pages=415–26|pmid=17309336|doi=10.1517/14656566.8.4.415}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni bwo bwoko bwa bronchitis bukunze kugaragara cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2017&quot; /&gt; Muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika]], mu 2018, abantu miliyoni 9.3 basanzwe barwaye indwara ya bronchitis idakira.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2019COPD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=FastStats|url=https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/copd.htm|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=30 May 2019|language=en-us|date=23 May 2019|archive-date=2 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200402220733/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/copd.htm|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Indwara y'ibihaha idakira]]
* [[Umusonga]]
* [[Ibicurane]]
* [[Igikamba]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>ltb7wpbj7gei4i9x2d1e69vkb3p0v25</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umuriro w'umuhondo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23401</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141526</id>
      <parentid>141313</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T05:10:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141526</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8176" sha1="le3vc1dubqjdu8pq4h3whrozmtvcadi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Umuriro w'umuhondo
| synonyms = ''Yellow fever''
| image = Yellow fever risk countries map.svg
| caption = Ibihugu bifite ibyago by'umuriro w'umuhondo
| field = Indwara zandura
| symptoms = Umuriro, ubukonje, kubabara imikaya, kurwara umutwe, uruhu rw'umuhondo
| complications = Kwangirika k'umwijima, kuva amaraso, kunanirwa kw'impyiko
| duration = Iminsi 3–4
| causes = Virusi y'umuriro w'umuhondo ikwirakwizwa n'imibu
| diagnosis = Gupima amaraso (PCR)
| prevention = Urukingo, kurwanya imibu
| treatment = Kuvura ibimenyetso
| frequency = 127.000 barwaye cyane (2013)
| deaths = 45.000 (2013)
}}
'''Umuriro w'umuhondo''' (''yellow fever'') ni indwara iterwa na [[virusi]] ikwirakwizwa n'[[Umubu|imibu]]. Akenshi itera umuriro, kubabara umutwe n'imikaya, ariko ku bagera kuri 15% by'abarwayi yangiza [[umwijima]], igatera uruhu rw'umuhondo.

Hari urukingo rwizewe ruyirinda. Ikunze kugaragara muri [[Afurika]] no muri Amerika y'Epfo, aho yateje impfu zigera ku 45.000 mu 2013.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Umuriro w'umuhondo ni indwara iterwa na virusi, ikunze kumara igihe gito.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Yellow fever Fact sheet N°100|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|website=World Health Organization|access-date=23 February 2014|date=May 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140219011908/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs100/en/|archive-date=19 February 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kenshi na kenshi, ibimenyetso birimo umuriro, ubukonje, kubura ubushake bwo kurya, isesemi, kubabara imitsi cyane cyane mu mugongo, no kuribwa umutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze gukira mu minsi itanu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Mu bantu bagera kuri 15%, nyuma y'umunsi umwe ibimenyetso bigabanutse, umuriro uragaruka, bakababara mu nda, kandi kwangirika kw'umwijima gutangira gutera uruhu rw'umuhondo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Scully|first=Crispian|title=Scully's Medical Problems in Dentistry|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7020-5963-6|page=572|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OZXdAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA572|language=en|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2020-11-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122124625/https://books.google.com/books?id=OZXdAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA572|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo ibi bibaye, ibyago byo kuva amaraso no kugira ibibazo by'impyiko biriyongera.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Iyi ndwara iterwa na virusi ya yellow fever kandi ikwirakwizwa no kurumwa [[Umubu|n'umubu]] w'ingore wanduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Ifata gusa abantu, izindi nyamaswa zo mu bwoko bw'inguge (''primates''), n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'imibu.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Mu mijyi, ikwirakwizwa cyane cyane na ''Aedes aegypti'', ubwoko bw'umubu uboneka mu turere dushyuha n'utuyegereye.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Iyi virusi ni virusi ya RNA yo mu bwoko bwa ''Flavivirus''.&lt;ref name=&quot;lindenbach2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Fields Virology|edition=5th|publisher=Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|last=Lindenbach, B. D.|editor-last=Knipe, D. M.|editor-last2=P. M. Howley|year=2007|location=Philadelphia, PA|page=1101|isbn=978-0-7817-6060-7|chapter=Flaviviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication|display-authors=etal}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Iyi ndwara ishobora kugorana kuyitandukanya n'izindi ndwara, cyane cyane mu ntangiriro.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Kugira ngo hemezwe ko umuntu ukekwa ayirwaye, hakenewe gupima amaraso hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa ''polymerase chain reaction'' (PCR).&lt;ref name=&quot;Toll2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tolle MA|title=Mosquito-borne diseases|journal=Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care|volume=39|issue=4|pages=97–140|date=April 2009|pmid=19327647|doi=10.1016/j.cppeds.2009.01.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Kwirinda ==
Hari urukingo rwizewe kandi rufite akamaro rwo kurwanya umuriro w'umuhondo, kandi hari ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bisaba ko abagenzi bakingirwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Izindi ngamba zo gukumira ubwandu zirimo kugabanya umubare w’imibu yanduza.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Mu turere aho umuriro w'umuhondo ikunze kugaragara, gusuzuma hakiri kare abanduye no gukingira igice kinini cy’abaturage ni ingenzi kugira ngo hirindwe ibyorezo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Iyo umuntu yanduye, ubuvuzi bwibanda ku kuvura ibimenyetso, kuko nta muti wihariye urwanya virusi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Kugeza kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwara indwara ikomeye barapfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;preven&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Frequently Asked Questions About Yellow Fever|url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/qa/|website=CDC|access-date=18 March 2016|date=August 21, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160323210418/http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/qa/|archive-date=23 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Mu 2013, umuriro w'umuhondo wateje indwara zikomeye zigera ku 127.000 n'impfu 45.000,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; hafi 90% by'izi ndwara zagaragaye mu bihugu bya [[Afurika]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Toll2009&quot; /&gt; Abantu hafi miliyari imwe batuye mu gace k’isi aho iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Bikunze kugaragara mu turere dushyuha tw’imigabane ya [[Amerika y’Epfo]] na [[Afurika]], ariko si muri [[Aziya]].&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/|title=CDC Yellow Fever|access-date=2012-12-12|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221085711/http://www.cdc.gov/yellowfever/|archive-date=2012-12-21}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuva mu myaka ya 1980, umubare w'abarwayi b'umuriro w'umuhondo wakomeje kwiyongera.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Barr2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barrett AD, Higgs S|title=Yellow fever: a disease that has yet to be conquered|journal=Annu. Rev. Entomol.|volume=52|pages=209–29|year=2007|pmid=16913829|doi=10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091454|s2cid=9896455|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/1471c85c1528a99f06f8273e7851e5b37cfc7cfc|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2021-04-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210429042155/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Yellow-fever:-a-disease-that-has-yet-to-be-Barrett-Higgs/1471c85c1528a99f06f8273e7851e5b37cfc7cfc|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bikekwa ko ibi biterwa n'uko abantu bake bafite ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri kuri iyi ndwara, abantu benshi batuye mu mijyi, abantu bimuka kenshi, kandi [[Imihindagurikire y’ibihe|imihindagurikire y'ikirere]] yongera aho imibu iba.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Iyi ndwara yatangiriye muri [[Afurika]] ikwirakwira muri [[Amerika y’Epfo|Amerika y'Epfo]] hamwe n'ubucuruzi bw'abacakara mu kinyejana cya 17.&lt;ref name=&quot;Old2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Oldstone|first=Michael|title=Viruses, Plagues, and History: Past, Present and Future|date=2009|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-975849-4|pages=102–4|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2XbHXUVY65gC&amp;pg=PA103|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170223052653/https://books.google.com/books?id=2XbHXUVY65gC&amp;pg=PA103|archive-date=2017-02-23}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kuva mu kinyejana cya 17, ibyorezo byinshi bikomeye byagaragaye muri Amerika, Afurika no mu Burayi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Old2009&quot; /&gt; Mu kinyejana cya 18 n'icya 19, umuriro w'umuhondo yafatwaga nk'imwe mu ndwara zandura ziteje akaga cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Old2009&quot; /&gt; Mu 1927, virusi y'umuriro w'umuhondo yabaye virusi ya mbere y'abantu yashoboye gutandukanywa no kwigwa (''isolated'').&lt;ref name=&quot;lindenbach2007&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wpDaaFcFA3kC&amp;pg=PA17|title=West Nile Virus|last=Sfakianos|first=Jeffrey|last2=Hecht|first2=Alan|date=2009|publisher=Chelsea House|others=Foreword by David Heymann|isbn=978-1-60413-254-0|editor-last=Babcock|editor-first=Hilary|edition=2nd|series=Deadly Diseases &amp; Epidemics|location=New York|page=17|type=Curriculum-based juvenile nonfiction|quote=The yellow fever virus was isolated in 1927|access-date=2020-07-30|archive-date=2021-01-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126201007/https://books.google.com/books?id=wpDaaFcFA3kC&amp;pg=PA17|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Umubu]]
* [[Hepatite C]]
* [[Virusi]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>le3vc1dubqjdu8pq4h3whrozmtvcadi</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Delirium tremens</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23402</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141527</id>
      <parentid>141316</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T05:23:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141527</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7673" sha1="lze8bolm8jv942g5bnv1o7cl5d8noya" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Delirium tremens
| synonyms = DTs, ''shaking frenzy'', ''Saunders-Sutton syndrome''
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'indwara zo mu mutwe, ubuvuzi bw'ubutabazi
| symptoms = Kuvangirwa mu mutwe, guhinda umushyitsi, umutima utera nabi, kubira ibyuya, kubona ibitariho
| complications = Ubushyuhe bukabije bw'umubiri, ibitero by'igicuri
| onset = Nyuma y'iminsi itatu umuntu aretse inzoga
| duration = Iminsi 2–3
| causes = Kureka inzoga, benzodiazepine cyangwa barbiturate
| treatment = Benzodiazepine, thiamine
| prognosis = Abapfa: 1–4% iyo ivuwe, 15–40% iyo itavuwe
}}
'''Delirium tremens''' (DTs) ni ukuvangirwa mu mutwe gutunguranye kuba ku bantu bamaze igihe kinini banywa [[inzoga]] nyinshi iyo bazihagaritse. Itera guhinda umushyitsi, umutima utera nabi, kubira ibyuya no kubona ibitariho.

Ivurwa cyane cyane na benzodiazepine; iyo itavuwe, ishobora kwica kugeza kuri 40% by'abarwayi.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Delirium tremens (DTs) ni ukuvangirwa mu mutwe gutunguranye, akenshi guterwa no kureka kunywa inzoga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schuckit|first=MA|title=Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens).|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=27 November 2014|volume=371|issue=22|pages=2109–13|pmid=25427113|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1407298|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b9z9th|access-date=30 June 2019|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213032901/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08b9z9th|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo bibaye, akenshi bitangira nyuma y'iminsi itatu ibimenyetso byo kureka inzoga bitangiye, bikamara iminsi ibiri cyangwa itatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka ku mubiri zishobora kuba zirimo kunyeganyega, guhinda umushyitsi, gutera k'umutima ku buryo budasanzwe, no kubira ibyuya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Healy2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=David|last=Healy|title=Psychiatric Drugs Explained|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ikTJViYMPIEC&amp;pg=PA237|date=3 December 2008|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7020-2997-4|page=237|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908181445/https://books.google.com/books?id=ikTJViYMPIEC&amp;pg=PA237|archive-date=8 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu bashobora kandi kubona cyangwa kumva ibintu abandi bantu batabona (hallucination).&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Rimwe na rimwe, ubushyuhe bukabije bw'umubiri cyangwa ibitero by'igicuri (''seizures'') bishobora gutera urupfu.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Inzoga ni kimwe mu biyobyabwenge biteza akaga kenshi iyo umuntu abiretse.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fisher|first=Gary L.|title=Encyclopedia of substance abuse prevention, treatment, &amp; recovery|date=2009|publisher=SAGE|location=Los Angeles|isbn=9781452266015|pages=1005|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=DFR2AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT1059|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222091556/https://books.google.ca/books?id=DFR2AwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT1059|archive-date=2015-12-22}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu n'isuzuma ==
Delirium tremens ikunze kubaho gusa ku bantu bamaze igihe kirenga ukwezi banywa inzoga nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stern2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stern|first=TA|last2=Gross|first2=AF|last3=Stern|first3=TW|last4=Nejad|first4=SH|last5=Maldonado|first5=JR|title=Current approaches to the recognition and treatment of alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: &quot;old wine in new bottles&quot; or &quot;new wine in old bottles&quot;.|journal=Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry|date=2010|volume=12|issue=3|pmid=20944765|doi=10.4088/PCC.10r00991ecr|pmc=2947546}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikibazo gisa n'iki gishobora kubaho iyo umuntu aretse benzodiazepine cyangwa barbiturate.&lt;ref name=&quot;Pos2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Posner|first=Jerome B.|title=Plum and Posner's Diagnosis of Stupor and Coma.|date=2007|publisher=Oxford University Press, USA|location=Oxford|isbn=9780198043362|page=283|edition=4|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Otivdh2ZoVwC&amp;pg=PA283|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304113427/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Otivdh2ZoVwC&amp;pg=PA283|archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kureka ibiyobyabwenge bikangura umubiri nka [[kokayine]] ntibitera ingorane zikomeye z'ubuzima.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Galanter|first=Marc|last2=Kleber|first2=Herbert D|title=The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=6wdJgejlQzYC&amp;q=58|edition=4th|date=1 July 2008|publisher=American Psychiatric Publishing Inc|location=United States of America|isbn=978-1-58562-276-4|page=58|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194640/https://books.google.ca/books?id=6wdJgejlQzYC&amp;q=58|archive-date=4 March 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku muntu ufite delirium tremens, ni ngombwa gusuzuma niba nta bindi bibazo bifitanye isano na yo afite, nko kubura electrolyte, [[Pancreatite|pancreatitis]], na hepatite iterwa n'inzoga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt;

== Kwirinda ==
Kuyirinda bikorwa havurwa ibimenyetso byo kureka inzoga.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Iyo delirium tremens ibaye, kuvurwa byihuse kandi bikomeye bituma umurwayi amererwa neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Kuvurirwa mu cyumba cy’indembe gituje kandi gifite urumuri ruhagije ni byo bikunze gusabwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Benzodiazepine ni yo miti y'ibanze; diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, na oxazepam zose zikunze gukoreshwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stern2010&quot; /&gt; Itangwa kugeza igihe umurwayi asinziriye buhoro.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Haloperidol, umuti uvura indwara zo mu mutwe (''antipsychotic''), na wo ushobora gukoreshwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Vitamine [[Vitamini B1|thiamine]] irasabwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Iyo itavuwe, hagati ya 15% na 40% by'abarwayi barapfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blom2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Blom|first=Jan Dirk|title=A dictionary of hallucinations|date=2010|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=9781441912237|page=136|edition=.|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=KJtQptBcZloC&amp;pg=PA136|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304224229/https://books.google.ca/books?id=KJtQptBcZloC&amp;pg=PA136|archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri iki gihe, abapfa bari hagati ya 1% na 4% by'abayirwaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu babaswe n'inzoga bagira ibimenyetso byo kuzireka iyo bagabanyije izo banywa.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt; Muri abo, batatu kugeza kuri batanu ku ijana barwara delirium tremens cyangwa bakagira ibitero by'igicuri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka n'izina ==
Izina delirium tremens ryakoreshejwe bwa mbere mu 1813; icyakora, ibimenyetso byasobanuwe neza kuva mu myaka ya 1700.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stern2010&quot; /&gt; Ijambo &quot;delirium&quot; ni [[Ikilatini|iry'ikilatini]] risobanura &quot;kuva mu murongo w'isuka,&quot; ni ukuvuga ikigereranyo gikomoka ku buhinzi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blom2010&quot; /&gt; Yitwa kandi ''shaking frenzy'' na ''Saunders-Sutton syndrome''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blom2010&quot; /&gt; Ifite n'utundi tuzina twinshi mu Cyongereza, nka ''the shakes'', ''barrel-fever'', ''blue horrors'', ''bottleache'', ''bats'', ''drunken horrors'', ''elephants'', ''gallon distemper'', ''quart mania'' na ''pink spiders''.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Baldwin|first=Dan|title=Just the FAQ's, Please, About Alcohol and Drug Abuse: Frequently Asked Questions from Families|date=2002|publisher=America Star Books|isbn=9781611028706|pages=Chapter four|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=h-unAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT51|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304122557/https://books.google.ca/books?id=h-unAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT51|archive-date=2016-03-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Inzoga]]
* [[Ibiyobyabwenge]]
* [[Pancreatite]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>lze8bolm8jv942g5bnv1o7cl5d8noya</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Kubyimba kw'ibihaha</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23403</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141528</id>
      <parentid>141318</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T05:26:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141528</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4128" sha1="2wl11fqd72xdks1a0vgmwvhlgau6ou7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Kubyimba kw'ibihaha
| synonyms = ''Pulmonary edema''
| image = PulmEdema.PNG
| caption = Kubyimba kw'ibihaha
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ibihaha, ubuvuzi bw'umutima
| symptoms = Kubura umwuka, gukorora ibikororwa birimo ifuro
| complications = Kunanirwa guhumeka
| causes = Kunanirwa k'umutima, gukomereka kw'ibihaha
| diagnosis = Ibizamini bya laboratwari, amafoto y'imbere mu mubiri
| treatment = Ogisijeni, imiti yongera inkari, imashini ifasha guhumeka
}}
'''Kubyimba kw'ibihaha''' (''pulmonary edema'') ni ukwirundanya kw'amazi menshi mu bihaha, bigatera kubura umwuka no gukorora ibikororwa birimo ifuro.

Akenshi biterwa no [[Kunanirwa k'umutima|kunanirwa k'umutima]], ariko bishobora no guterwa no gukomereka kw'ibihaha. Bivurwa hakemurwa impamvu yabyo kandi umurwayi agafashwa guhumeka.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Kubyimba kw'ibihaha ni ukwirundanya kw'amazi menshi mu turemangingo no mu twumba tw'umwuka tw'ibihaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Malek|first=R|last2=Soufi|first2=S|title=Pulmonary Edema|date=January 2020|pmid=32491543|journal=StatPearls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kubura umwuka no gukorora ibikororwa birimo ifuro, rimwe na rimwe bivanze n'amaraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Hashobora kumvikana amajwi adasanzwe mu bihaha (''crackles'') cyangwa guhumeka bisifura. Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo kunanirwa guhumeka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Bishobora guterwa no kunanirwa k'umutima (''cardiogenic'') cyangwa gukomereka kw'ibihaha (''non-cardiogenic'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Kunanirwa k'umutima bishobora guterwa n'indwara [[Indwara y'umutima|y'umutima]], indwara ya myocarditis, indwara z'udupfundikizo tw'umutima, cyangwa [[Arrhythmia|umutima utera nabi]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Gukomereka mu bihaha bishobora kugaragara mu ndwara y'ubuhumekero ikabije (''acute respiratory distress syndrome'', ARDS), kandi bigaterwa n'[[umusonga]], [[Pancreatite|pancreatitis]], cyangwa guterwa amaraso menshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Ibi bibangamira ihererekanya ry'imyuka mu bihaha.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Gusuzuma indwara bishobora gushyigikirwa n'ibizamini byo muri laboratwari n'amafoto y'imbere mu mubiri (''medical imaging'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Ubuvuzi bwibanda ku kunoza ibimenyetso no gukemura impamvu nyamukuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Izindi ngamba zo kurwanya indwara yo mu bihaha iterwa n'umutima zishobora kuba zirimo imiti yongera inkari nka [[furosemide]], imiti yagura imitsi y'amaraso nka nitroglycerin, no gufashwa guhumeka n'imashini hatinjijwe umuyoboro mu mubiri (''non-invasive ventilation'').&lt;ref name=&quot;Dob2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Dobbe|first=L|last2=Rahman|first2=R|last3=Elmassry|first3=M|last4=Paz|first4=P|last5=Nugent|first5=K|title=Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema.|journal=The American journal of the medical sciences|date=December 2019|volume=358|issue=6|pages=389-397|doi=10.1016/j.amjms.2019.09.011|pmid=31813466}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izindi ngamba zo kurwanya indwara yo mu bihaha idaterwa n’umutima zirimo ubuvuzi bufasha nko guhabwa umwuka wa ogisijeni no guhumeka hakoreshejwe imashini (''mechanical ventilation'').&lt;ref name=&quot;NCPE2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Clark|first=SB|last2=Soos|first2=MP|title=Noncardiogenic Pulmonary Edema|date=January 2020|pmid=31194387|journal=StatPearls}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Kubyimba kw'ibihaha birasanzwe. Ibiterwa n'umutima bifata abantu barenga miliyoni buri mwaka muri [[Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika]], mu gihe ibitaterwa n'umutima bifata abagera ku 190.000.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cy'abapfira mu bitaro cyagabanutse kuva kuri 60% mu myaka ya 1970 kugera kuri 30% mu myaka ya 1990.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Kubyimba kw'ibihaha byavuzwe kuva nibura mu gihe cya Hippocrates ahagana mu mwaka wa 400 mbere ya Yesu. Ijambo edema rikomoka ku ijambo [[Ikigereki|ry'ikigereki]] {{Lang|grc|οἴδημα}} ( ''oídēma'' ) bisobanura &quot;kubyimba&quot;.

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Kunanirwa k'umutima]]
* [[Indwara y'ibihaha idakira]]
* [[Umusonga]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>2wl11fqd72xdks1a0vgmwvhlgau6ou7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Scleroderma</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23404</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141529</id>
      <parentid>141320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-12T05:27:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141529</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7481" sha1="e1htpy7yq7nokj6watp4fce4f8lkdxh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Scleroderma
| synonyms = ''Systemic sclerosis''
| image = Left Arm Scleroderma Patient.jpg
| caption = Ukuboko kw'umurwayi wa scleroderma
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'ingingo (rhumatologie), ubuvuzi bw'uruhu
| symptoms = Uruhu rubyibushye, kugagara kw'ingingo, umunaniro, Raynaud's syndrome
| complications = Ibibazo by'ibihaha, igogora n'umutima
| onset = Mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima
| causes = Ntizwi
| diagnosis = Ibimenyetso, ibizamini by'uruhu n'amaraso
| treatment = Corticosteroids, methotrexate, NSAIDs
| frequency = 3 kuri 100.000 ku mwaka
}}
'''Scleroderma''' ni itsinda ry'indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri ubwawo, bigatera impinduka ku ruhu, imiyoboro y'amaraso, imikaya n'ingingo z'imbere. Ikimenyetso nyamukuru ni uruhu rubyibuha rukanakomera.

Impamvu yayo ntizwi kandi nta muti uyikiza uhari, ariko imiti ishobora kugabanya ibimenyetso. Ikunze gufata abagore kurusha abagabo, cyane cyane mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Scleroderma ni itsinda ry'indwara aho ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri bwibasira umubiri ubwawo (''autoimmune''), zishobora gutera impinduka ku ruhu, imiyoboro y'amaraso, imitsi, n'ingingo z'imbere.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scleroderma|url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10308/scleroderma|website=GARD|access-date=14 July 2017|language=en|date=2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170125233043/https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10308/scleroderma|archive-date=25 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Handout on Health: Scleroderma|url=https://www.niams.nih.gov/%5C/Health_Info/Scleroderma/default.asp|website=NIAMS|access-date=15 July 2017|date=August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170704182735/https://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Scleroderma/default.asp|archive-date=4 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi ndwara ishobora kuba iherereye ku ruhu cyangwa ikaba yagera no ku zindi ngingo.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2017&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo uruhu rwabyibushye ahantu hamwe, kugagara kw'ingingo, umunaniro, ndetse n'amaraso adatembera neza mu ntoki cyangwa mu mano bitewe n'ubukonje.&lt;ref name=&quot;NORD2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Scleroderma|url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/scleroderma/|website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders)|access-date=14 July 2017|date=2007|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160908024649/http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/scleroderma|archive-date=8 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubwoko bumwe bw'iyi ndwara, buzwi nka CREST syndrome, bukunze gutera kwirundanya kwa calcium mu ruhu, ''Raynaud's syndrome'', ibibazo by'umuhogo, kubyibuha k'uruhu rw'intoki n'amano, ndetse n'uduce tw'imitsi mito y'amaraso yagutse.&lt;ref name=&quot;NORD2007&quot; /&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Impamvu ntiramenyekana; icyakora, bamwe bakeka ko ishobora kuba iterwa n'uko ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakora neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2017&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo amateka y'umuryango, ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigize imiterere y'umubiri, ndetse no guhumeka umukungugu wa silika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Har2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Jameson|first=Larry|title=Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine|date=2018|publisher=McGraw Hill|page=Chapter 353|edition=20th}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bar2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Barnes J, Mayes MD|title=Epidemiology of systemic sclerosis: incidence, prevalence, survival, risk factors, malignancy, and environmental triggers|journal=Current Opinion in Rheumatology|volume=24|issue=2|pages=165–70|date=March 2012|pmid=22269658|doi=10.1097/BOR.0b013e32834ff2e8|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/d37b3277b94ff4b64142663449570644afde1a56|access-date=2019-11-30|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829170410/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/INCIDENCE-AND-PREVALENCE-OF-SYSTEMIC-SCLEROSIS-Barnes-Mayes/d37b3277b94ff4b64142663449570644afde1a56|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Gre2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Greenblatt MB, Aliprantis AO|title=The immune pathogenesis of scleroderma: context is everything|journal=Current Rheumatology Reports|volume=15|issue=1|pages=297|date=January 2013|pmid=23288576|pmc=3539168|doi=10.1007/s11926-012-0297-8|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539168/pdf/nihms-428295.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908192429/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539168/pdf/nihms-428295.pdf|url-status=live|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uburyo iterwa bukubiyemo gukura kudasanzwe kw'uturemangingo dufatanya umubiri (''connective tissue''), bikekwa ko ari ingaruka z’uko ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri bwibasira ingingo nzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016&quot; /&gt;

== Isuzuma ==
Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso, bigashyigikirwa n'ibizamini by'uruhu cyangwa amaraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Nubwo nta muti uhari, kuvurwa bishobora gutuma ibimenyetso birushaho kuba byiza.&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2017&quot; /&gt; Imiti ikoreshwa irimo imiti ya corticosteroids, methotrexate, n'imiti igabanya ububabare n'ububyimbirwe itari steroide (NSAIDs).&lt;ref name=&quot;GARD2017&quot; /&gt; Uko indwara izagenda biterwa n'ubukana bwayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Har2018&quot; /&gt; Abafite indwara ifata uruhu ahantu hamwe gusa muri rusange babaho igihe gisanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Un2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Unsal|first=Erbil|title=Current Opinions in Pediatric Rheumatology|date=2006|publisher=Nova Publishers|isbn=9781594548710|page=302|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Hbavi8a3NqgC&amp;pg=PA302|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906040418/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Hbavi8a3NqgC&amp;pg=PA302|archive-date=2017-09-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku bafite indwara yakwiriye umubiri wose (''systemic''), icyizere cyo kubaho gishobora kuba imyaka 11 uhereye igihe yatangiriye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Har2018&quot; /&gt; Urupfu rukunze guterwa n'ibibazo by'ibihaha, igogora, cyangwa umutima.&lt;ref name=&quot;Har2018&quot; /&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Buri mwaka, abantu bagera kuri 3 kuri 100.000 bafatwa n'ubwoko bwa scleroderma bukwira umubiri wose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Har2018&quot; /&gt; Iyi ndwara ikunze gutangirira mu myaka yo hagati.&lt;ref name=&quot;NORD2007&quot; /&gt; Abagore ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa n’iyi ndwara kurusha abagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;NORD2007&quot; /&gt;

== Amateka ==
Ibimenyetso bya scleroderma byasobanuwe bwa mbere mu 1753 na Carlo Curzio &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mackay|first=Ian R.|last2=Rose|first2=Noel R.|title=The Autoimmune Diseases|date=2006|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780080454740|page=369|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqttnHEe3jsC&amp;pg=PA369|language=en|access-date=2017-11-19|archive-date=2021-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829170409/https://books.google.com/books?id=gqttnHEe3jsC&amp;pg=PA369|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; hanyuma bigaragazwa neza mu 1842.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Firestein|first=Gary S.|last2=Kelley|first2=William N.|last3=Budd|first3=Ralph C.|title=Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1437717389|page=1366|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=52pQyDrAkOoC&amp;pg=PA1366|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804132408/https://books.google.ca/books?id=52pQyDrAkOoC&amp;pg=PA1366|archive-date=2017-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri jambo rikomoka ku magambo y'[[Ikigereki]] &quot;sklerosis&quot; risobanura &quot;gukomera&quot; na &quot;derma&quot; risobanura &quot;uruhu&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2016&quot; /&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande]]
* [[Lipedema]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>e1htpy7yq7nokj6watp4fce4f8lkdxh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Migraine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23417</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141477</id>
      <parentid>141375</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:49:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kunoza: infobox, amahuza, ibice, iriburiro ritagira inyandiko, gukosora imvugo</comment>
      <origin>141477</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10401" sha1="mofvslqdaippkf49qiue9vhxm6y4czs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition (new)
| name = Migraine
| image = Migraine.jpg
| caption = Umuntu urwaye migraine
| field = Ubuvuzi bw'imyakura
| symptoms = Kurwara umutwe, isesemi, kuruka, kutihanganira urumuri n'amajwi
| onset = Mu bugimbi
| causes = Ibidukikije n'uturemangingo
| treatment = Imiti igabanya ububabare, triptans, kwirinda ibiyitera
| frequency = Hafi 15% by'abantu ku isi
}}
'''Migraine''' ni indwara isanzwe y'imyakura irangwa no kurwara [[umutwe]] kenshi, ubusanzwe mu gice kimwe cyawo, bishobora kumara kugeza ku minsi itatu. Ishobora kujyana n'isesemi, [[kuruka]] no kutihanganira urumuri cyangwa amajwi.

Iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibidukikije n'uturemangingo, kandi ifata abagore kurusha abagabo. Ivurwa hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ububabare n'imiti yihariye; ifata hafi 15% by'abantu ku isi.

== Ibimenyetso ==
Migraine ni indwara isanzwe y'imyakura irangwa no kurwara umutwe kenshi, ubusanzwe ufite ubukana buri hagati cyangwa bukabije.  Ubusanzwe, umutwe ufata igice kimwe cy'umutwe, uteragura, kandi umara amasaha make kugeza ku minsi 3.&lt;ref name=WHO2012&gt;{{cite web|title=Headache disorders Fact sheet N°277|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/|access-date=15 February 2016|date=October 2012|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216184228/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/|archive-date=16 February 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216184228/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs277/en/ |date=16 February 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bijyana nabyo bishobora kuba birimo isesemi, kuruka, no kumva urumuri, amajwi, cyangwa impumuro.&lt;ref name=&quot;Amin2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Roger P|last=Simon|first2=Michael J|last2=Aminoff|first3=David A|last3=Greenberg|title=Clinical neurology|year=2009|publisher=Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill|location=New York, N.Y|isbn=9780071664332|pages=85–88|edition=7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ububabare muri rusange burushaho kwiyongera iyo umuntu akoze imyitozo ngororamubiri. Abantu bagera kuri kimwe cya gatatu barwaye indwara bafite aura : ubusanzwe ni igihe gito cyo kutabona neza kigaragaza ko umutwe ugiye gufata vuba.&lt;ref name=ICHD2004&gt;{{cite journal | author = Headache Classification Subcommittee of the International Headache Society | title = The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition | journal = Cephalalgia | volume = 24 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 9–160 | year = 2004 | pmid = 14979299 | doi = 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2004.00653.x | doi-access = free }} [http://www.i-h-s.org/upload/ct_clas/ihc_II_main_no_print.pdf as PDF] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100331095113/http://www.i-h-s.org/upload/ct_clas/ihc_II_main_no_print.pdf |date=2010-03-31 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Rimwe na rimwe, aura ishobora kubaho igakurikirwa n'umutwe muto cyangwa ntihagire umutwe na mba.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Pryse-Phillips|first=William|title=Companion to clinical neurology|date=2003|publisher=Oxford university press|location=Oxford|isbn=9780195159387|page=587|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pMbhu-vXVtAC&amp;pg=PA587|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170313014619/https://books.google.com/books?id=pMbhu-vXVtAC&amp;pg=PA587|archive-date=2017-03-13}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Impamvu ==
Bikekwa ko indwara ya Migraine iterwa n'uruvange rw'ibintu bifitanye isano n'ibidukikije n'uturemangingo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lulli2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Piane M, Lulli P, Farinelli I, Simeoni S, De Filippis S, Patacchioli FR, Martelletti P|title=Genetics of migraine and pharmacogenomics: some considerations|journal=The Journal of Headache and Pain|volume=8|issue=6|pages=334–9|date=December 2007|pmid=18058067|pmc=2779399|doi=10.1007/s10194-007-0427-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Hafi bibiri bya gatatu by'abarwayi bafite abo mu miryango yabo nabo bayirwaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bart10&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Bartleson JD, Cutrer FM|title=Migraine update. Diagnosis and treatment|journal=Minnesota Medicine|volume=93|issue=5|pages=36–41|date=May 2010|pmid=20572569}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ihindagurika ry'urugero rw'imisemburo naryo rishobora kugira uruhare, kuko indwara ya migraine igira ingaruka ku bahungu benshi gato kurusha abakobwa mbere y'ubwangavu n'abagore bakubye inshuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu ugereranyije n'abagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Broner2009&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Stovner2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Stovner LJ, Zwart JA, Hagen K, Terwindt GM, Pascual J|title=Epidemiology of headache in Europe|journal=European Journal of Neurology|volume=13|issue=4|pages=333–45|date=April 2006|pmid=16643310|doi=10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01184.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibyago byo kurwara migraine bikunze kugabanuka mu gihe cyo gutwita no nyuma yo [[Gucura k’umugore|gucura]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Broner2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Lay CL, Broner SW|title=Migraine in women|journal=Neurologic Clinics|volume=27|issue=2|pages=503–11|date=May 2009|pmid=19289228|doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2009.01.002}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2015&gt;{{cite web|title=NINDS Migraine Information Page|url=http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm|website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke|access-date=15 February 2016|date=November 3, 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216194445/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm|archive-date=16 February 2016}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216194445/http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/migraine/migraine.htm |date=16 February 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Uburyo indwara ikora ntabwo buzwi neza. Icyakora, bikekwa ko bifitanye isano n'imyakura n'imitsi y'amaraso yo mu [[Ubwonko|bwonko]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Bart10&quot; /&gt;

== Kuvura ==
Uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura ni ugukoresha imiti yoroheje igabanya ububabare nka [[ibuprofen]] na [[Paracetamol|parasetamol]] (acetaminophen) ku ndwara y'umutwe, imiti ivura isesemi, no kwirinda ibintu byayitera.&lt;ref name=&quot;Gilmore2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Gilmore B, Michael M|title=Treatment of acute migraine headache|journal=American Family Physician|volume=83|issue=3|pages=271–80|date=February 2011|pmid=21302868}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imiti yihariye nka triptans cyangwa ergotamines ishobora gukoreshwa ku bantu imiti yoroheje y'ububabare idakora.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bart10&quot; /&gt; Kafeyine ishobora kongerwa kuri ibi byavuzwe haruguru.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Diener HC, Charles A, Goadsby PJ, Holle D|title=New therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of migraine|journal=The Lancet. Neurology|volume=14|issue=10|pages=1010–22|date=October 2015|pmid=26376968|doi=10.1016/s1474-4422(15)00198-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imiti iterwa mu mitsi (''intravenous'') mu bitaro by'ubutabazi nayo irashyigikiwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Robblee|first=J|last2=Minen|first2=MT|last3=Friedman|first3=BW|last4=Cortel-LeBlanc|first4=MA|last5=Cortel-LeBlanc|first5=A|last6=Orr|first6=SL|title=2025 guideline update to acute treatment of migraine for adults in the emergency department: The American Headache Society evidence assessment of parenteral pharmacotherapies.|journal=Headache|date=January 2026|volume=66|issue=1|pages=53-76|doi=10.1111/head.70016|pmid=41321235}}&lt;/ref&gt; Imiti myinshi ni ingirakamaro mu gukumira ibitero by'indwara, birimo metoprolol, valproate, topiramate, na anti-CGRP monoclonal antibody.&lt;ref name=&quot;Mark2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Markham A|s2cid=49559342|title=Erenumab: First Global Approval|journal=Drugs|volume=78|issue=11|pages=1157–1161|date=July 2018|pmid=29968151|doi=10.1007/s40265-018-0944-0}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Arm2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Armstrong C|title=AAN/AHS update recommendations for migraine prevention in adults|journal=American Family Physician|volume=87|issue=8|pages=584–5|date=April 2013|pmid=23668450}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Coch2013Val&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Linde M, Mulleners WM, Chronicle EP, McCrory DC|title=Valproate (valproic acid or sodium valproate or a combination of the two) for the prophylaxis of episodic migraine in adults|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=6|pages=CD010611|date=June 2013|pmid=23797677|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD010611}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ikwirakwira ==
Ku isi yose, abantu bagera kuri 15% bibasirwa n'indwara ya migraine.&lt;ref name=&quot;LancetEpi2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, etal|title=Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010|journal=Lancet|volume=380|issue=9859|pages=2163–96|date=December 2012|pmid=23245607|pmc=6350784|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61729-2}}&lt;/ref&gt; Akenshi bitangira mu gihe cy'ubugimbi kandi bikaba bibi cyane mu myaka yo hagati y'ubuzima. Mu 2016, ni imwe mu mpamvu zikunze [[Ubumuga|gutera ubumuga]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Vos T, Abajobir AA, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abd-Allah F, etal|title=Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016|journal=Lancet|volume=390|issue=10100|pages=1211–1259|date=September 2017|pmid=28919117|pmc=5605509|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32154-2}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amateka ==
Ibisobanuro bya mbere bihuye na migraine biri mu nyandiko ya ''Papyrus Ebers'', yanditswe ahagana mu 1500 mbere ya Yesu mu [[Misiri]] ya kera.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zehentbauer2025&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Zehentbauer|first=Janice|editor-last=Montieth|editor-first=Teshamae S.|editor-last2=Riggins|editor-first2=Nina|editor-last3=Goadsby|editor-first3=Peter J.|title=Comprehensive Migraine Management|date=2025|publisher=Springer|location=Switzerland|isbn=978-3-031-86922-8|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M0ySEQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA3|language=en|chapter=1. History of migraine in medicine and society|pages=3-10doi=10.1007/978-3-031-86923-5_1}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ijambo ''migraine'' rikomoka mu [[Ikigereki|kigereki]] ἡμικρανία ( ''hemikrania'' ), 'ububabare mu gice cy'umutwe', kuva ἡμι- ( ''hemi-'' ), 'igice', na κρανίον ( ''kranion'' ), 'igihanga'.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|first=Kenneth|last=Anderson|first2=Lois E.|last2=Anderson|first3=Walter D.|last3=Glanze|title=Mosby's Medical, Nursing &amp; Allied Health Dictionary|year=1994|publisher=Mosby|isbn=978-0-8151-6111-0|page=998|edition=4}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Inyandiko ==
{{Reflist}}

== Reba kandi ==

=== Ingingo zijyanye ===
* [[Umutwe]]
* [[Ubwonko]]
* [[Kuruka]]

[[Ikiciro:Indwara]]
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>mofvslqdaippkf49qiue9vhxm6y4czs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Clopidogrel</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23419</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141403</id>
      <parentid>141395</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T11:59:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Clopidogrel</comment>
      <origin>141403</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5424" sha1="4er1p1f9leyrwqbr69xev9lskg5kxqe" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Clopidogrel 1.jpg|thumb|Clopidogrel]]
'''Clopidogrel''', igurishwa ku izina ry'ubucuruzi rya '''Plavix''' n'indi,&lt;ref name=&quot;brands&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel International brand names|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/clopidogrel.html|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=1 April 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401144417/https://www.drugs.com/international/clopidogrel.html|archive-date=1 April 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ni umuti ugabanya platelet ukoreshwa mu kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima na stroke ku bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel Bisulfate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clopidogrel-bisulfate.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010729/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/clopidogrel-bisulfate.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa kandi hamwe na aspirine mu [[Indwara y'umutima|ndwara z'umutima]] no nyuma yo gushyiramo stent yo mu mitsi y'umutima ( uburyo bwo kuvura indwara zo mu mitsi ).&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka zitangira mu gihe cy'amasaha abiri kandi zimara iminsi itanu.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuribwa umutwe, isesemi, gukomereka byoroshye, kuribwa no gushya.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo kuva amaraso no kuvura indwara ya thrombocytopenic purpura.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Nubwo nta kimenyetso cy'ingaruka mbi zituruka ku gukoresha iyo miti mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], kuyikoresha ntibyigwa neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs.com pregnanacy&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel (Plavix) Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/clopidogrel.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=14 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221010752/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/clopidogrel.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Clopidogrel iri mu bwoko bwa thienopyridine bw’imiti igabanya ubukana bw’amaraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ikora mu gukumira bidasubirwaho receptor yitwa P2Y &lt;nowiki&gt;&lt;sub id=&quot;mwWw&quot;&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/nowiki&gt; kuri platelets.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;

Clopidogrel yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha imiti mu 1982, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1997.&lt;ref name=&quot;PrescribingInfo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Plavix- clopidogrel bisulfate tablet, film coated|website=DailyMed|date=17 May 2019|url=https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=01b14603-8f29-4fa3-8d7e-9d523f802e0b|access-date=26 December 2019|publisher=Bristol-Myers Squibb/Sanofi Pharmaceuticals Partnership|archive-date=4 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200804222235/https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=01b14603-8f29-4fa3-8d7e-9d523f802e0b|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Janos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=453|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA453|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220130738/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA453|archive-date=2016-12-20}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igiciro cy'igurishwa ry'ibicuruzwa mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere ni hagati y'amadolari y'Amerika 0.77–31.59 ku kwezi.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel Bisulfate|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1486&amp;searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=8 December 2016|archive-date=13 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181013172350/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=1486&amp;searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ukwezi kw'ubuvuzi kugura munsi y'amadolari 25 y'Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ric2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hamilton|first=Richart|title=Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition|date=2015|publisher=Jones &amp; Bartlett Learning|isbn=9781284057560|page=147}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 40 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abantu barenga miliyoni 19.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clopidogrel Bisulfate - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|date=23 December 2019|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/ClopidogrelBisulfate|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412031159/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/ClopidogrelBisulfate|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>4er1p1f9leyrwqbr69xev9lskg5kxqe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Baclofene</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23420</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141407</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:00:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500592|Baclofen]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141407</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3353" sha1="c1lceoatky2er6ps6rnvdrwagdkkhri" xml:space="preserve">'''Baclofen''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Lioresal''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura imitsi idakora neza nko mu gukomereka k'umugongo cyangwa indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Baclofen Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/baclofen.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426153502/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/baclofen.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=BNF|date=September 2020 - March 2021|publisher=BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press|year=|isbn=978-0-85711-369-6|edition=80|location=|page=1190-1191}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura imitsi no kubabara mu mitsi hafi y'iherezo ry'ubuzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa igashyirwa mu muyoboro w'umugongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, gucika intege, no kuzerera.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho iyo baclofen ihagaze vuba harimo gukubita no gucika intege.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha mu [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gihe cyo gutwita]] ntabwo bisobanutse neza mu gihe gukoresha mu gihe cyo konsa bishobora kuba ari byiza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Preg2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Baclofen Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/baclofen.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=3 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203131928/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/baclofen.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bikekwa ko bikora mu kugabanya imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Baclofen yemerewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot; /&gt; Ku gipimo cya 50mg ku munsi, gutanga ukwezi mu Bwongereza bitwara NHS amafaranga agera kuri £5.50 mu 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot; /&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 8.40.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 140 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni enye.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Baclofen - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Baclofen|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412074434/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Baclofen|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>c1lceoatky2er6ps6rnvdrwagdkkhri</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141408</id>
      <parentid>141407</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:01:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Baclofene</comment>
      <origin>141408</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3394" sha1="gywaknzoengz353bdc8t1gtnt791nv3" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:BACLOFEN.jpeg|thumb|Baclofene]]
'''Baclofen''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Lioresal''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura imitsi idakora neza nko mu gukomereka k'umugongo cyangwa indwara ya sclerosis nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Baclofen Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/baclofen.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=26 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190426153502/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/baclofen.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=BNF|date=September 2020 - March 2021|publisher=BMJ Group and the Pharmaceutical Press|year=|isbn=978-0-85711-369-6|edition=80|location=|page=1190-1191}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura imitsi no kubabara mu mitsi hafi y'iherezo ry'ubuzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa cyangwa igashyirwa mu muyoboro w'umugongo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, gucika intege, no kuzerera.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zishobora kubaho iyo baclofen ihagaze vuba harimo gukubita no gucika intege.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha mu [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gihe cyo gutwita]] ntabwo bisobanutse neza mu gihe gukoresha mu gihe cyo konsa bishobora kuba ari byiza.&lt;ref name=&quot;Preg2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Baclofen Pregnancy and Breastfeeding Warnings|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/baclofen.html|website=Drugs.com|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=3 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181203131928/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/baclofen.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bikekwa ko bikora mu kugabanya imikorere y'uturemangingo tw'ubwonko.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Baclofen yemerewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1977.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot; /&gt; Ku gipimo cya 50mg ku munsi, gutanga ukwezi mu Bwongereza bitwara NHS amafaranga agera kuri £5.50 mu 2020.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF80&quot; /&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 8.40.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 140 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni enye.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Baclofen - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Baclofen|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412074434/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Baclofen|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>gywaknzoengz353bdc8t1gtnt791nv3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mathieu Ngirumpatse</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23421</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141409</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:34:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Scalling</username>
        <id>15089</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378790161|Mathieu Ngirumpatse]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>141409</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1448" sha1="r8ysju0mrkd4pixsz1q1u4f4ak20z18" xml:space="preserve">
 

'''Mathieu Ngirumpatse''' (wavutse mu 1939) ni umunyapolitiki w’Umunyarwanda, wari perezida wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mathieu Ngirumpatse |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/mathieu-ngirumpatse/ |website=TRIAL International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu gihe cy’amezi atatu mu 1994, Abatutsi bagera ku 800.000 bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, mu gihe Abahutu batari bashyigikiye iyo Jenoside na bo bishwe. Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rwagaragaje ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bwari bushingiye ku mugambi wo kubarimbura. Ngirumpatse yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2011 kubera uruhare rwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 December 2011 |title=Life sentences in Rwanda genocide |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16287169 |work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

== Gusoma byinshi ==

* {{Cite web |last=Guichaoua |first=André |title=From War to Genocide, Box 8: Mathieu Ngirumpatse, the chosen &quot;successor&quot; to Habyarimana |url=http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/From-War-to-Genocide-Box-8.pdf}}

== Amasano yo hanze ==

* [http://unictr.unmict.org/en/cases/ictr-98-44 KAREMERA n'abandi. (ICTR-98-44)], Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda
[[Ikiciro:Abahutu]]</text>
      <sha1>r8ysju0mrkd4pixsz1q1u4f4ak20z18</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141410</id>
      <parentid>141409</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:35:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Scalling</username>
        <id>15089</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>gushyiramo databox</comment>
      <origin>141410</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1488" sha1="ivo7slfpgrqkg4c8y30itdpeelz1tdd" xml:space="preserve">
 

{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q1908645}}

'''Mathieu Ngirumpatse''' (wavutse mu 1939) ni umunyapolitiki w’Umunyarwanda, wari perezida wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mathieu Ngirumpatse |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/mathieu-ngirumpatse/ |website=TRIAL International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu gihe cy’amezi atatu mu 1994, Abatutsi bagera ku 800.000 bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, mu gihe Abahutu batari bashyigikiye iyo Jenoside na bo bishwe. Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rwagaragaje ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bwari bushingiye ku mugambi wo kubarimbura. Ngirumpatse yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2011 kubera uruhare rwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 December 2011 |title=Life sentences in Rwanda genocide |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16287169 |work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

== Gusoma byinshi ==

* {{Cite web |last=Guichaoua |first=André |title=From War to Genocide, Box 8: Mathieu Ngirumpatse, the chosen &quot;successor&quot; to Habyarimana |url=http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/From-War-to-Genocide-Box-8.pdf}}

== Amasano yo hanze ==

* [http://unictr.unmict.org/en/cases/ictr-98-44 KAREMERA n'abandi. (ICTR-98-44)], Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda
[[Ikiciro:Abahutu]]</text>
      <sha1>ivo7slfpgrqkg4c8y30itdpeelz1tdd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141411</id>
      <parentid>141410</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:38:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Scalling</username>
        <id>15089</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>141411</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1649" sha1="rpz92nx1z8miko08c8hqek5gjiro79b" xml:space="preserve">
 

{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q1908645}}

'''Mathieu Ngirumpatse''' (wavutse mu 1939) ni umunyapolitiki w’Umunyarwanda, wari perezida wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mathieu Ngirumpatse |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/mathieu-ngirumpatse/ |website=TRIAL International}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/the-rivalry-between-matthieu-ngirumpatse-and-joseph-nzirorera-during-the-mrnd-congress-of-july-1993/&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu gihe cy’amezi atatu mu 1994, Abatutsi bagera ku 800.000 bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, mu gihe Abahutu batari bashyigikiye iyo Jenoside na bo bishwe. Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rwagaragaje ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bwari bushingiye ku mugambi wo kubarimbura. Ngirumpatse yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2011 kubera uruhare rwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 December 2011 |title=Life sentences in Rwanda genocide |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16287169 |work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

== Gusoma byinshi ==

* {{Cite web |last=Guichaoua |first=André |title=From War to Genocide, Box 8: Mathieu Ngirumpatse, the chosen &quot;successor&quot; to Habyarimana |url=http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/From-War-to-Genocide-Box-8.pdf}}

== Amasano yo hanze ==

* [http://unictr.unmict.org/en/cases/ictr-98-44 KAREMERA n'abandi. (ICTR-98-44)], Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda
[[Ikiciro:Abahutu]]</text>
      <sha1>rpz92nx1z8miko08c8hqek5gjiro79b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141412</id>
      <parentid>141411</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:40:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Scalling</username>
        <id>15089</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>adding categories</comment>
      <origin>141412</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1752" sha1="oyzak8s4oc7u9zo1d3humuendr5dntr" xml:space="preserve">
 

{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q1908645}}

'''Mathieu Ngirumpatse''' (wavutse mu 1939) ni umunyapolitiki w’Umunyarwanda, wari perezida wa [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|MRND]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mathieu Ngirumpatse |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/mathieu-ngirumpatse/ |website=TRIAL International}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;https://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/the-rivalry-between-matthieu-ngirumpatse-and-joseph-nzirorera-during-the-mrnd-congress-of-july-1993/&lt;/ref&gt;

Mu gihe cy’amezi atatu mu 1994, Abatutsi bagera ku 800.000 bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda, mu gihe Abahutu batari bashyigikiye iyo Jenoside na bo bishwe. Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rwagaragaje ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bwari bushingiye ku mugambi wo kubarimbura. Ngirumpatse yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu ku ya 21 Ukuboza 2011 kubera uruhare rwe muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;TRIAL&quot; /&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=21 December 2011 |title=Life sentences in Rwanda genocide |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-16287169 |work=BBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

== Gusoma byinshi ==

* {{Cite web |last=Guichaoua |first=André |title=From War to Genocide, Box 8: Mathieu Ngirumpatse, the chosen &quot;successor&quot; to Habyarimana |url=http://rwandadelaguerreaugenocide.univ-paris1.fr/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/From-War-to-Genocide-Box-8.pdf}}

== Amasano yo hanze ==

* [http://unictr.unmict.org/en/cases/ictr-98-44 KAREMERA n'abandi. (ICTR-98-44)], Urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ku Rwanda
[[Ikiciro:Abahutu]]
[[Ikiciro:Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]]
[[Ikiciro:Rwanda geography]]
[[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]]</text>
      <sha1>oyzak8s4oc7u9zo1d3humuendr5dntr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Umurenge wa rukara</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23422</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141413</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:40:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bagirimbabazi</username>
        <id>17106</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>guhanga urupapuro</comment>
      <origin>141413</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="140" sha1="24w8n9qwadsvydsawid0g7ng8xwo0fg" xml:space="preserve">Umurenge wa rukara ni umwe mu imirenge 416 igize igihugu cy,u Rwanda. Uyu murenge uherereye mu intara y,uburasirazuba mu karere ka Kayonza .</text>
      <sha1>24w8n9qwadsvydsawid0g7ng8xwo0fg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141414</id>
      <parentid>141413</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:42:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bagirimbabazi</username>
        <id>17106</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>ihuza</comment>
      <origin>141414</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="184" sha1="hy63gqa8m45sewdt42fifjgmiuygnqq" xml:space="preserve">Umurenge wa rukara ni umwe mu imirenge 416 igize [[igihugu]] cy,u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu murenge uherereye mu intara y,uburasirazuba mu karere ka [[Kayonza modern secondary school|Kayonza]] .</text>
      <sha1>hy63gqa8m45sewdt42fifjgmiuygnqq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141415</id>
      <parentid>141414</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:44:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Bagirimbabazi</username>
        <id>17106</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>ifatizo shingiro</comment>
      <origin>141415</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="222" sha1="iu9bktfoa7uvfnevijc3cozx5egah3l" xml:space="preserve">&lt;ref&gt;https://www.kayonza.gov.rw/&lt;/ref&gt;Umurenge wa rukara ni umwe mu imirenge 416 igize [[igihugu]] cy,u [[Rwanda]]. Uyu murenge uherereye mu intara y,uburasirazuba mu karere ka [[Kayonza modern secondary school|Kayonza]] .</text>
      <sha1>iu9bktfoa7uvfnevijc3cozx5egah3l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ferdinand Nahimana</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141416</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:52:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Scalling</username>
        <id>15089</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page &quot;[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1378680320|Ferdinand Nahimana]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>141416</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8691" sha1="k6jekeiojakxafk3phgxi2ozkykduof" xml:space="preserve">
'''Ferdinand Nahimana''' (wavutse ku ya 15 Kamena 1950) ni umuhanga mu by'amateka [[Rwanda|w'Umunyarwanda]], wahamwe n'icyaha cyo gushishikariza abantu gukora jenoside kubera uruhare yagize muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994]] .

Nahimana yari umwe mu bashinze radiyo ya Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), yatangazaga amakuru na poropagande byafashije mu guhuza ubwicanyi no gushishikariza urwango rwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] n'Abahutu baciriritse.

== Ubuzima bwite ==
Ferdinand Nahimana yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga muri komini Gatonde, muri perefegitura ya Ruhengeri . Yubatse afite abana bane. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-02-05 |title=FERDINAND NAHIMANA |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ferdinand-nahimana/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009092237/https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ferdinand-nahimana/ |archive-date=2019-10-09 |access-date=2018-03-07 |publisher=Trial International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu mateka yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Paris Diderot . Hagati ya 1979 na 2007, yasohoye ibitabo byinshi n'inyandiko ku mateka y'u Rwanda.

== Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi  mu Rwanda ==
Hakurikijwe amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha, yagizwe Minisitiri w'Uburezi bw'Amashuri Makuru ushinzwe Umuco n'Ubushakashatsi mu bya Siyansi. Nahimana yari umwe mu bagize [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|ishyaka rya politiki rya Habyarimana, ishyaka ry’aba-repubulikani riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere]] . 

Hagati ya 1979 na 1994, Nahimana bivugwa ko yanditse akanasohora inyandiko zishishikariza imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya Abatutsi n'Abahutu baciriritse. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt;

Amaze kwirukanwa muri Radiyo y'Igihugu y'u Rwanda mu 1993, yagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya RTLM, kandi nk'uko Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rubivuga, yabaye umuyobozi wayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Kubera ubwo bufatanye, yashinjwe kuba &quot;yarashishikarije mu buryo butaziguye&quot; ubwicanyi. Hagati ya Mata 1993 na 31 Nyakanga 1994, Ferdinand Nahimana yashinjwe gutegura, kuyobora no gushyigikira ibiganiro bya RTLM. Umushinjacyaha wa TPIR yavuze ko “yari azi gahunda n’ingaruka izo gahunda zigira ku baturage”. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt;

Yanashinjwe kandi kuba yarateguye, abifashijwemo na murumuna we, inama hagati ya MRND n'igisirikare [[Interahamwe|cy'Interahamwe]] muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, agamije kuganira ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi n'Abahutu. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; 

Muri Mata 1994, ubwo imvururu zatangiraga mu Rwanda nyuma y'iyicwa rya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ambasade [[Ubufaransa|y'Ubufaransa]] yafashe Ferdinand Nahimana. Ku itariki ya 12 Mata, ambasade y'Ubufaransa yarahungishijwe maze Nahimana, hamwe n'umuryango we n'abandi bari barahahungiye, bajyanwa mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . Uburundi ntibwari bwiteguye kwakira iri tsinda ry'impunzi, bityo Nahimana yoherezwa mu ndege ku ya 17 Mata i Bukavu. [ 5 ] Nahimana n'izindi mpunzi basubijwe mu Rwanda ku ya 23 Mata. [ 6 ] Nahimana yaje gutabwa muri yombi muri Kameruni ku ya 27 Werurwe 1996. 

== Urubanza n'igihano ==
Ferdinand Nahimana yashinjwe gushishikariza abantu gukora Jenoside, aburanishwa n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), mu rubanza rwari rufitanye isano n’uruhare rw’itangazamakuru muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yaburanye ari kumwe na Hassan Ngeze na Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, na bo bari bafitanye isano na radiyo RTLM. Nahimana yahakanye ibyaha yashinjwaga, anavuga ko atari afite ububasha bwo kugenzura ibiganiro bya RTLM mu gihe cya Jenoside. Yagize ati: “Sinashoboraga kumenya RTLM yo muri icyo gihe n’iyo yariho mbere ya tariki ya 6 Mata. Yari yarigaruriwe n’abahezanguni, ubu bitwa intagondwa, bafite imyumvire n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu ntari nsangiye na bo.”&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 September 2003 |title=Hate Radio: Rwanda from Radio Netherlands |url=http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=pmt&amp;folder=141&amp;paper=417 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208015537/http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=pmt&amp;folder=141&amp;paper=417 |archive-date=8 February 2012 |publisher=[[University of Leeds]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Imanza z'urwango mu itangazamakuru &quot; zavuzweho cyane kuko ari bwo bwa mbere kuva imanza za Nuremberg ziburanishwa nk'icyaha cy'intambara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-12-04 |title=Hateful words a war crime |url=http://www.washtimes.com/world/20031203-113817-3449r.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110062149/http://www.washtimes.com/world/20031203-113817-3449r.htm |archive-date=2006-11-10 |access-date=2007-05-01 |publisher=[[The Washington Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku itariki ya 3 Ukuboza 2003, Ferdinand Nahimana yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, icyaha cya jenoside, umugambi wo gukora jenoside, gushishikariza, mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame, gukora jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu . Hassan Ngeze nawe yahawe igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu, naho Jean Bosco Barayagwiza akatirwa igifungo cy'imyaka 35. Nubwo ibihano bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, Ikigo cy'Abanyamakuru Badafite Imipaka cyishimiye ibyavuye mu rubanza. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-12-03 |title=Two sentenced to life imprisonment in hate media trial |url=http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=8709 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210123/http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=8709 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nubwo umunyamategeko we w’Umufaransa Jean-Marie Biju-Duval yavuze ko Nahimana, washinze Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), atakigize uruhare na ruto kuri radiyo guhera ku ya 6 Mata 1994, yakatiwe kubera inshingano ze nk’umukozi mukuru muri RTLM.

Uyu muhanga mu by'amateka w'Umunyarwanda yahamijwe icyaha cyo kuba ntacyo yakoze kugira ngo ahagarike ibikorwa bibi bya radiyo ya RTLM nyuma y'itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, nk'uko urubanza rwabimutegetse, yari afite urwego rushinzwe abakozi ba radiyo.

Ferdinand Nahimana yajuririye icyaha cye, maze urubanza rwaburanishijwe n'Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rutangira ku ya 16 Mutarama 2007. Ku itariki ya 28 Ugushyingo 2007, Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwamugabanyirije igihano cy'igifungo kigera ku myaka 30. Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwatesheje agaciro bimwe mu byaha bye, cyane cyane ibyari byarabayeho mbere ya 1994. Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwanatesheje agaciro umwanzuro wa mbere w'uko hari amasezerano hagati ya RTLM, CDR, na Kangura yo gufasha mu gukora jenoside. Bityo, yakuyeho ibirego byaregwaga Nahimana hakurikijwe ingingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati, ariko ishyigikira ibyari bikubiye mu ngingo ya 6 (3)—ni ukuvuga ibyo &quot;gushishikariza mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame gukora jenoside no gutoteza nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu&quot; binyuze mu biganiro bya RTLM nyuma y'itariki ya 6 Mata 1994. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Nk’uko JusticeInfo.net ibivuga:
 
Mu Kuboza 2008, yimuriwe muri [[Mali]] ava Arusha muri [[Tanzaniya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Mu 2016, yararekuwe. 

=== Impaka ku cyaha cyo guhamwa n'icyaha ===
Igitabo cyo mu 2010 cyanditswe n'umunyamakuru akaba n'umuhanga mu by'amateka Hervé Deguine kivuga ko impamvu zakoreshejwe mu rubanza rwa Nahimana zari zishingiye ku bimenyetso bike cyane uretse ko ari we washinze kandi akaba n'umwe mu ba nyiri radiyo, agaragaza ingingo n'ibimenyetso bifatika birwanya icyaha cye. Nubwo Deguine ubwe yagize uruhare mu guhamwa n'icyaha kwa Nahimana, asoza igitabo cye yemeza ko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso by'urukiko, Nahimana agomba kurekurwa. [ 10 ]

== Isesengura ry'ibitabo ==

* 2007: ''U Rwanda: les virages ratés'', Éditions Soko du Nil, Ubufaransa.
* 1995: ''U Rwanda.'' ''L'élite Abahutu bashinja'', Kameruni.
* 1993: ''Le Rwanda: émergence d'un État'', Harmattan, Paris.
* 1988: ''Umutimanama chez nous, kwizerwa en nous.'' ''Umuco wa Notre est la base de notre développement harmonieux'', INR, u Rwanda.
* 1987: ''Le Blanc est arrivé, le Roi est parti.'' ''Une facette de l'histoire du Rwanda mugihe, 1884–1931'', u Rwanda.

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ayandi mashakiro ==

* {{Cite book |last=Deguine |first=Hervé |year=2010 |title=Un idéologue dans le génocide rwandais |publisher=Mille et une nuits |edition=1st |location=Paris}}

== Amasano yo hanze ==

* [http://www.nahimana.info Urubuga rwemewe rwa Ferdinand Nahimana] Archived ku  
* [http://www.hirondelle.org/hirondelle.nsf/caefd9edd48f5826c12564cf004f793d/54b248bce49a1b54c1256721007ae35c?OpenDocument Amakuru aturuka mu rubanza, aturuka muri Fondation Hirondelle] Archived  
[[Ikiciro:Abahutu]]
[[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>k6jekeiojakxafk3phgxi2ozkykduof</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141417</id>
      <parentid>141416</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:55:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Scalling</username>
        <id>15089</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>141417</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8730" sha1="2rqub8yfws0c529mwogir8w9z8va1m3" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q2748972}}

'''Ferdinand Nahimana''' (wavutse ku ya 15 Kamena 1950) ni umuhanga mu by'amateka [[Rwanda|w'Umunyarwanda]], wahamwe n'icyaha cyo gushishikariza abantu gukora jenoside kubera uruhare yagize muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994]] .

Nahimana yari umwe mu bashinze radiyo ya Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), yatangazaga amakuru na poropagande byafashije mu guhuza ubwicanyi no gushishikariza urwango rwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] n'Abahutu baciriritse.

== Ubuzima bwite ==
Ferdinand Nahimana yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga muri komini Gatonde, muri perefegitura ya Ruhengeri . Yubatse afite abana bane. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-02-05 |title=FERDINAND NAHIMANA |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ferdinand-nahimana/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009092237/https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ferdinand-nahimana/ |archive-date=2019-10-09 |access-date=2018-03-07 |publisher=Trial International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu mateka yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Paris Diderot . Hagati ya 1979 na 2007, yasohoye ibitabo byinshi n'inyandiko ku mateka y'u Rwanda.

== Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi  mu Rwanda ==
Hakurikijwe amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha, yagizwe Minisitiri w'Uburezi bw'Amashuri Makuru ushinzwe Umuco n'Ubushakashatsi mu bya Siyansi. Nahimana yari umwe mu bagize [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|ishyaka rya politiki rya Habyarimana, ishyaka ry’aba-repubulikani riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere]] . 

Hagati ya 1979 na 1994, Nahimana bivugwa ko yanditse akanasohora inyandiko zishishikariza imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya Abatutsi n'Abahutu baciriritse. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt;

Amaze kwirukanwa muri Radiyo y'Igihugu y'u Rwanda mu 1993, yagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya RTLM, kandi nk'uko Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rubivuga, yabaye umuyobozi wayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Kubera ubwo bufatanye, yashinjwe kuba &quot;yarashishikarije mu buryo butaziguye&quot; ubwicanyi. Hagati ya Mata 1993 na 31 Nyakanga 1994, Ferdinand Nahimana yashinjwe gutegura, kuyobora no gushyigikira ibiganiro bya RTLM. Umushinjacyaha wa TPIR yavuze ko “yari azi gahunda n’ingaruka izo gahunda zigira ku baturage”. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt;

Yanashinjwe kandi kuba yarateguye, abifashijwemo na murumuna we, inama hagati ya MRND n'igisirikare [[Interahamwe|cy'Interahamwe]] muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, agamije kuganira ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi n'Abahutu. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; 

Muri Mata 1994, ubwo imvururu zatangiraga mu Rwanda nyuma y'iyicwa rya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ambasade [[Ubufaransa|y'Ubufaransa]] yafashe Ferdinand Nahimana. Ku itariki ya 12 Mata, ambasade y'Ubufaransa yarahungishijwe maze Nahimana, hamwe n'umuryango we n'abandi bari barahahungiye, bajyanwa mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . Uburundi ntibwari bwiteguye kwakira iri tsinda ry'impunzi, bityo Nahimana yoherezwa mu ndege ku ya 17 Mata i Bukavu. [ 5 ] Nahimana n'izindi mpunzi basubijwe mu Rwanda ku ya 23 Mata. [ 6 ] Nahimana yaje gutabwa muri yombi muri Kameruni ku ya 27 Werurwe 1996. 

== Urubanza n'igihano ==
Ferdinand Nahimana yashinjwe gushishikariza abantu gukora Jenoside, aburanishwa n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), mu rubanza rwari rufitanye isano n’uruhare rw’itangazamakuru muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yaburanye ari kumwe na Hassan Ngeze na Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, na bo bari bafitanye isano na radiyo RTLM. Nahimana yahakanye ibyaha yashinjwaga, anavuga ko atari afite ububasha bwo kugenzura ibiganiro bya RTLM mu gihe cya Jenoside. Yagize ati: “Sinashoboraga kumenya RTLM yo muri icyo gihe n’iyo yariho mbere ya tariki ya 6 Mata. Yari yarigaruriwe n’abahezanguni, ubu bitwa intagondwa, bafite imyumvire n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu ntari nsangiye na bo.”&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 September 2003 |title=Hate Radio: Rwanda from Radio Netherlands |url=http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=pmt&amp;folder=141&amp;paper=417 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208015537/http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=pmt&amp;folder=141&amp;paper=417 |archive-date=8 February 2012 |publisher=[[University of Leeds]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Imanza z'urwango mu itangazamakuru &quot; zavuzweho cyane kuko ari bwo bwa mbere kuva imanza za Nuremberg ziburanishwa nk'icyaha cy'intambara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-12-04 |title=Hateful words a war crime |url=http://www.washtimes.com/world/20031203-113817-3449r.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110062149/http://www.washtimes.com/world/20031203-113817-3449r.htm |archive-date=2006-11-10 |access-date=2007-05-01 |publisher=[[The Washington Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku itariki ya 3 Ukuboza 2003, Ferdinand Nahimana yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, icyaha cya jenoside, umugambi wo gukora jenoside, gushishikariza, mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame, gukora jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu . Hassan Ngeze nawe yahawe igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu, naho Jean Bosco Barayagwiza akatirwa igifungo cy'imyaka 35. Nubwo ibihano bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, Ikigo cy'Abanyamakuru Badafite Imipaka cyishimiye ibyavuye mu rubanza. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-12-03 |title=Two sentenced to life imprisonment in hate media trial |url=http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=8709 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210123/http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=8709 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nubwo umunyamategeko we w’Umufaransa Jean-Marie Biju-Duval yavuze ko Nahimana, washinze Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), atakigize uruhare na ruto kuri radiyo guhera ku ya 6 Mata 1994, yakatiwe kubera inshingano ze nk’umukozi mukuru muri RTLM.

Uyu muhanga mu by'amateka w'Umunyarwanda yahamijwe icyaha cyo kuba ntacyo yakoze kugira ngo ahagarike ibikorwa bibi bya radiyo ya RTLM nyuma y'itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, nk'uko urubanza rwabimutegetse, yari afite urwego rushinzwe abakozi ba radiyo.

Ferdinand Nahimana yajuririye icyaha cye, maze urubanza rwaburanishijwe n'Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rutangira ku ya 16 Mutarama 2007. Ku itariki ya 28 Ugushyingo 2007, Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwamugabanyirije igihano cy'igifungo kigera ku myaka 30. Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwatesheje agaciro bimwe mu byaha bye, cyane cyane ibyari byarabayeho mbere ya 1994. Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwanatesheje agaciro umwanzuro wa mbere w'uko hari amasezerano hagati ya RTLM, CDR, na Kangura yo gufasha mu gukora jenoside. Bityo, yakuyeho ibirego byaregwaga Nahimana hakurikijwe ingingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati, ariko ishyigikira ibyari bikubiye mu ngingo ya 6 (3)—ni ukuvuga ibyo &quot;gushishikariza mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame gukora jenoside no gutoteza nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu&quot; binyuze mu biganiro bya RTLM nyuma y'itariki ya 6 Mata 1994. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Nk’uko JusticeInfo.net ibivuga:
 
Mu Kuboza 2008, yimuriwe muri [[Mali]] ava Arusha muri [[Tanzaniya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Mu 2016, yararekuwe. 

=== Impaka ku cyaha cyo guhamwa n'icyaha ===
Igitabo cyo mu 2010 cyanditswe n'umunyamakuru akaba n'umuhanga mu by'amateka Hervé Deguine kivuga ko impamvu zakoreshejwe mu rubanza rwa Nahimana zari zishingiye ku bimenyetso bike cyane uretse ko ari we washinze kandi akaba n'umwe mu ba nyiri radiyo, agaragaza ingingo n'ibimenyetso bifatika birwanya icyaha cye. Nubwo Deguine ubwe yagize uruhare mu guhamwa n'icyaha kwa Nahimana, asoza igitabo cye yemeza ko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso by'urukiko, Nahimana agomba kurekurwa. [ 10 ]

== Isesengura ry'ibitabo ==

* 2007: ''U Rwanda: les virages ratés'', Éditions Soko du Nil, Ubufaransa.
* 1995: ''U Rwanda.'' ''L'élite Abahutu bashinja'', Kameruni.
* 1993: ''Le Rwanda: émergence d'un État'', Harmattan, Paris.
* 1988: ''Umutimanama chez nous, kwizerwa en nous.'' ''Umuco wa Notre est la base de notre développement harmonieux'', INR, u Rwanda.
* 1987: ''Le Blanc est arrivé, le Roi est parti.'' ''Une facette de l'histoire du Rwanda mugihe, 1884–1931'', u Rwanda.

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ayandi mashakiro ==

* {{Cite book |last=Deguine |first=Hervé |year=2010 |title=Un idéologue dans le génocide rwandais |publisher=Mille et une nuits |edition=1st |location=Paris}}

== Amasano yo hanze ==

* [http://www.nahimana.info Urubuga rwemewe rwa Ferdinand Nahimana] Archived ku  
* [http://www.hirondelle.org/hirondelle.nsf/caefd9edd48f5826c12564cf004f793d/54b248bce49a1b54c1256721007ae35c?OpenDocument Amakuru aturuka mu rubanza, aturuka muri Fondation Hirondelle] Archived  
[[Ikiciro:Abahutu]]
[[Ikiciro:Pages with unreviewed translations]]</text>
      <sha1>2rqub8yfws0c529mwogir8w9z8va1m3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141418</id>
      <parentid>141417</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T12:56:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Scalling</username>
        <id>15089</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>141418</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8776" sha1="1fij0h5p9vlxazvjfnjth8zc0m44z5k" xml:space="preserve">{{Databox|excludeProperties=Q2748972}}

'''Ferdinand Nahimana''' (wavutse ku ya 15 Kamena 1950) ni umuhanga mu by'amateka [[Rwanda|w'Umunyarwanda]], wahamwe n'icyaha cyo gushishikariza abantu gukora jenoside kubera uruhare yagize muri [[Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri 1994|jenoside yo mu Rwanda mu 1994]] .

Nahimana yari umwe mu bashinze radiyo ya Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), yatangazaga amakuru na poropagande byafashije mu guhuza ubwicanyi no gushishikariza urwango rwakorewe [[Abatutsi]] n'Abahutu baciriritse.

== Ubuzima bwite ==
Ferdinand Nahimana yavutse ku ya 15 Nyakanga muri komini Gatonde, muri perefegitura ya Ruhengeri . Yubatse afite abana bane. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-02-05 |title=FERDINAND NAHIMANA |url=https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ferdinand-nahimana/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191009092237/https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/ferdinand-nahimana/ |archive-date=2019-10-09 |access-date=2018-03-07 |publisher=Trial International}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Afite impamyabumenyi y'ikirenga mu mateka yakuye muri Kaminuza ya Paris Diderot . Hagati ya 1979 na 2007, yasohoye ibitabo byinshi n'inyandiko ku mateka y'u Rwanda.

== Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi  mu Rwanda ==
Hakurikijwe amasezerano y'amahoro ya Arusha, yagizwe Minisitiri w'Uburezi bw'Amashuri Makuru ushinzwe Umuco n'Ubushakashatsi mu bya Siyansi. Nahimana yari umwe mu bagize [[Ihuriro ry’igihugu riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere|ishyaka rya politiki rya Habyarimana, ishyaka ry’aba-repubulikani riharanira demokarasi n’iterambere]] . 

Hagati ya 1979 na 1994, Nahimana bivugwa ko yanditse akanasohora inyandiko zishishikariza imyigaragambyo yo kurwanya Abatutsi n'Abahutu baciriritse. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt;

Amaze kwirukanwa muri Radiyo y'Igihugu y'u Rwanda mu 1993, yagize uruhare mu ishingwa rya RTLM, kandi nk'uko Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR) rubivuga, yabaye umuyobozi wayo. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Kubera ubwo bufatanye, yashinjwe kuba &quot;yarashishikarije mu buryo butaziguye&quot; ubwicanyi. Hagati ya Mata 1993 na 31 Nyakanga 1994, Ferdinand Nahimana yashinjwe gutegura, kuyobora no gushyigikira ibiganiro bya RTLM. Umushinjacyaha wa TPIR yavuze ko “yari azi gahunda n’ingaruka izo gahunda zigira ku baturage”. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt;

Yanashinjwe kandi kuba yarateguye, abifashijwemo na murumuna we, inama hagati ya MRND n'igisirikare [[Interahamwe|cy'Interahamwe]] muri Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri, agamije kuganira ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi n'Abahutu. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; 

Muri Mata 1994, ubwo imvururu zatangiraga mu Rwanda nyuma y'iyicwa rya Perezida [[Juvénal Habyarimana]], ambasade [[Ubufaransa|y'Ubufaransa]] yafashe Ferdinand Nahimana. Ku itariki ya 12 Mata, ambasade y'Ubufaransa yarahungishijwe maze Nahimana, hamwe n'umuryango we n'abandi bari barahahungiye, bajyanwa mu [[Uburundi|Burundi]] . Uburundi ntibwari bwiteguye kwakira iri tsinda ry'impunzi, bityo Nahimana yoherezwa mu ndege ku ya 17 Mata i Bukavu. [ 5 ] Nahimana n'izindi mpunzi basubijwe mu Rwanda ku ya 23 Mata. [ 6 ] Nahimana yaje gutabwa muri yombi muri Kameruni ku ya 27 Werurwe 1996. 

== Urubanza n'igihano ==
Ferdinand Nahimana yashinjwe gushishikariza abantu gukora Jenoside, aburanishwa n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), mu rubanza rwari rufitanye isano n’uruhare rw’itangazamakuru muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yaburanye ari kumwe na Hassan Ngeze na Jean-Bosco Barayagwiza, na bo bari bafitanye isano na radiyo RTLM. Nahimana yahakanye ibyaha yashinjwaga, anavuga ko atari afite ububasha bwo kugenzura ibiganiro bya RTLM mu gihe cya Jenoside. Yagize ati: “Sinashoboraga kumenya RTLM yo muri icyo gihe n’iyo yariho mbere ya tariki ya 6 Mata. Yari yarigaruriwe n’abahezanguni, ubu bitwa intagondwa, bafite imyumvire n’uburyo bwo gukora ibintu ntari nsangiye na bo.”&quot;. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=5 September 2003 |title=Hate Radio: Rwanda from Radio Netherlands |url=http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=pmt&amp;folder=141&amp;paper=417 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208015537/http://ics.leeds.ac.uk/papers/vp01.cfm?outfit=pmt&amp;folder=141&amp;paper=417 |archive-date=8 February 2012 |publisher=[[University of Leeds]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&quot;Imanza z'urwango mu itangazamakuru &quot; zavuzweho cyane kuko ari bwo bwa mbere kuva imanza za Nuremberg ziburanishwa nk'icyaha cy'intambara. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-12-04 |title=Hateful words a war crime |url=http://www.washtimes.com/world/20031203-113817-3449r.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110062149/http://www.washtimes.com/world/20031203-113817-3449r.htm |archive-date=2006-11-10 |access-date=2007-05-01 |publisher=[[The Washington Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku itariki ya 3 Ukuboza 2003, Ferdinand Nahimana yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, icyaha cya jenoside, umugambi wo gukora jenoside, gushishikariza, mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame, gukora jenoside, ubufatanyacyaha muri jenoside n'ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu . Hassan Ngeze nawe yahawe igihano cy'igifungo cya burundu, naho Jean Bosco Barayagwiza akatirwa igifungo cy'imyaka 35. Nubwo ibihano bishobora kugira ingaruka ku bwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, Ikigo cy'Abanyamakuru Badafite Imipaka cyishimiye ibyavuye mu rubanza. &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-12-03 |title=Two sentenced to life imprisonment in hate media trial |url=http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=8709 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930210123/http://www.rsf.org/print.php3?id_article=8709 |archive-date=2007-09-30 |publisher=[[Reporters Without Borders]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Nubwo umunyamategeko we w’Umufaransa Jean-Marie Biju-Duval yavuze ko Nahimana, washinze Radio Television Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM), atakigize uruhare na ruto kuri radiyo guhera ku ya 6 Mata 1994, yakatiwe kubera inshingano ze nk’umukozi mukuru muri RTLM.

Uyu muhanga mu by'amateka w'Umunyarwanda yahamijwe icyaha cyo kuba ntacyo yakoze kugira ngo ahagarike ibikorwa bibi bya radiyo ya RTLM nyuma y'itariki ya 6 Mata 1994, nk'uko urubanza rwabimutegetse, yari afite urwego rushinzwe abakozi ba radiyo.

Ferdinand Nahimana yajuririye icyaha cye, maze urubanza rwaburanishijwe n'Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rutangira ku ya 16 Mutarama 2007. Ku itariki ya 28 Ugushyingo 2007, Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwamugabanyirije igihano cy'igifungo kigera ku myaka 30. Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwatesheje agaciro bimwe mu byaha bye, cyane cyane ibyari byarabayeho mbere ya 1994. Urugereko rw'Ubujurire rwanatesheje agaciro umwanzuro wa mbere w'uko hari amasezerano hagati ya RTLM, CDR, na Kangura yo gufasha mu gukora jenoside. Bityo, yakuyeho ibirego byaregwaga Nahimana hakurikijwe ingingo ya 6 (1) ya Sitati, ariko ishyigikira ibyari bikubiye mu ngingo ya 6 (3)—ni ukuvuga ibyo &quot;gushishikariza mu buryo butaziguye kandi mu ruhame gukora jenoside no gutoteza nk'icyaha cyibasiye inyokomuntu&quot; binyuze mu biganiro bya RTLM nyuma y'itariki ya 6 Mata 1994. &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Nk’uko JusticeInfo.net ibivuga:
 
Mu Kuboza 2008, yimuriwe muri [[Mali]] ava Arusha muri [[Tanzaniya]] . &lt;ref name=&quot;ti&quot; /&gt; Mu 2016, yararekuwe. 

=== Impaka ku cyaha cyo guhamwa n'icyaha ===
Igitabo cyo mu 2010 cyanditswe n'umunyamakuru akaba n'umuhanga mu by'amateka Hervé Deguine kivuga ko impamvu zakoreshejwe mu rubanza rwa Nahimana zari zishingiye ku bimenyetso bike cyane uretse ko ari we washinze kandi akaba n'umwe mu ba nyiri radiyo, agaragaza ingingo n'ibimenyetso bifatika birwanya icyaha cye. Nubwo Deguine ubwe yagize uruhare mu guhamwa n'icyaha kwa Nahimana, asoza igitabo cye yemeza ko hashingiwe ku bimenyetso by'urukiko, Nahimana agomba kurekurwa. [ 10 ]

== Isesengura ry'ibitabo ==

* 2007: ''U Rwanda: les virages ratés'', Éditions Soko du Nil, Ubufaransa.
* 1995: ''U Rwanda.'' ''L'élite Abahutu bashinja'', Kameruni.
* 1993: ''Le Rwanda: émergence d'un État'', Harmattan, Paris.
* 1988: ''Umutimanama chez nous, kwizerwa en nous.'' ''Umuco wa Notre est la base de notre développement harmonieux'', INR, u Rwanda.
* 1987: ''Le Blanc est arrivé, le Roi est parti.'' ''Une facette de l'histoire du Rwanda mugihe, 1884–1931'', u Rwanda.

== Amashakiro ==
{{Reflist}}

== Ayandi mashakiro ==

* {{Cite book |last=Deguine |first=Hervé |year=2010 |title=Un idéologue dans le génocide rwandais |publisher=Mille et une nuits |edition=1st |location=Paris}}

== Amasano yo hanze ==

* [http://www.nahimana.info Urubuga rwemewe rwa Ferdinand Nahimana] Archived ku  
* [http://www.hirondelle.org/hirondelle.nsf/caefd9edd48f5826c12564cf004f793d/54b248bce49a1b54c1256721007ae35c?OpenDocument Amakuru aturuka mu rubanza, aturuka muri Fondation Hirondelle] Archived  
[[Ikiciro:Abahutu]]
[[Ikiciro:Jenocide yakorewe abatutsi mu 1994]]
[[Ikiciro:Umunyapolitike]]
[[Ikiciro:Rwanda]]</text>
      <sha1>1fij0h5p9vlxazvjfnjth8zc0m44z5k</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inyandikorugero:Ubl</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>23424</id>
    <redirect title="Inyandikorugero:Unbulleted list" />
    <revision>
      <id>141421</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T14:11:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Kuyobora kuri [[Inyandikorugero:Unbulleted list]]</comment>
      <origin>141421</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45" sha1="f7vifgzur1niffa5aldm489hqs4ma55" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Inyandikorugero:Unbulleted list]]</text>
      <sha1>f7vifgzur1niffa5aldm489hqs4ma55</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Inyandikorugero:US$</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>23425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141432</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:15:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Inyandikorugero nshya: amadolari y'Amerika</comment>
      <origin>141432</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="162" sha1="krm28tql0xs01snnvqdqc8kxuwup6om" xml:space="preserve">US${{{1|}}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
Iyi nyandikorugero yerekana amafaranga mu madolari y'Amerika. Urugero: &lt;code&gt;&lt;nowiki&gt;{{US$|25}}&lt;/nowiki&gt;&lt;/code&gt; → {{US$|25}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>krm28tql0xs01snnvqdqc8kxuwup6om</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gutwita mu nda</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23426</id>
    <redirect title="Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi" />
    <revision>
      <id>141451</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:56:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Score Beethoven moved page [[Gutwita mu nda]] to [[Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi]]: Umutwe ukwiye: ingingo ivuga ku gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi (ectopic pregnancy)</comment>
      <origin>141451</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43" sha1="jhqbf2x27brg7rjnojvn6lt72ocf9o7" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Gutwitira hanze ya nyababyeyi]]</text>
      <sha1>jhqbf2x27brg7rjnojvn6lt72ocf9o7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Erectile dysfunction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23427</id>
    <redirect title="Kudafata umurego kw&#039;igitsina cy&#039;umugabo" />
    <revision>
      <id>141453</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T16:56:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Score Beethoven moved page [[Erectile dysfunction]] to [[Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo]]: Umutwe mu Kinyarwanda</comment>
      <origin>141453</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="53" sha1="ewms28wu5xtw7gum1s6n0hmjx5d7q51" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Kudafata umurego kw'igitsina cy'umugabo]]</text>
      <sha1>ewms28wu5xtw7gum1s6n0hmjx5d7q51</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Gusinzira</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23428</id>
    <redirect title="Kubura ibitotsi" />
    <revision>
      <id>141480</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T18:55:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Score Beethoven moved page [[Gusinzira]] to [[Kubura ibitotsi]]: Umutwe uhuye n'ingingo (insomnia)</comment>
      <origin>141480</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29" sha1="j30ja92qs81uuigt688zu46tbfna054" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Kubura ibitotsi]]</text>
      <sha1>j30ja92qs81uuigt688zu46tbfna054</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Module:Location map/data/Togo</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>23429</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141482</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T19:09:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Score Beethoven</username>
        <id>11559</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ikarita ya Togo yo gukoresha muri {{Location map}} (ivuye kuri en.wikipedia)</comment>
      <origin>141482</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="170" sha1="sgrpmpd2zzq9sxxi2c2vu6kap2y0qqd" xml:space="preserve">return {
	name = 'Togo',
	top = 11.372017,
	bottom = 5.675734,
	left = -0.970273,
	right = 3.172253,
	image = 'Togo location map.svg',
	image1 = 'Togo physical map.svg'
}</text>
      <sha1>sgrpmpd2zzq9sxxi2c2vu6kap2y0qqd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Melatonine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23430</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141491</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:23:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1513720|Melatonin]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141491</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7187" sha1="90ounks7oxs6owuyvwm4sxqb6yjfwc1" xml:space="preserve">'''Melatonin''' ni imisemburo irekurwa cyane cyane n'agace ka pineal gatunganya uruziga rw'ibitotsi n'ibikanguro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Faraone|first=Stephen V.|title=ADHD: Non-Pharmacologic Interventions, An Issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323326025|page=888|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=lNSlBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA888|access-date=9 August 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225210501/https://books.google.ca/books?id=lNSlBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA888|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nk'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire, ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Gusinzira|ibibazo byo gusinzira]] by'igihe gito, nko mu gihe cyo gutinda mu ndege cyangwa akazi ko ku kazi, kandi akenshi inyobwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Matheson E, Hainer BL|title=Insomnia: Pharmacologic Therapy|journal=American Family Physician|volume=96|issue=1|pages=29–35|date=July 2017|pmid=28671376}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=482–483|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nyamara, ibimenyetso by'akamaro kayo kuri iyi mikoreshereze ntabwo bikomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bra2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brasure M, MacDonald R, Fuchs E, Olson CM, Carlyle M, Diem S, Koffel E, Khawaja IS, Ouellette J, Butler M, Kane RL, Wilt TJ|display-authors=6|title=Management of Insomnia Disorder[Internet]|journal=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews|volume=15|issue=16|pages=EHC027–EF|year=2015|pmid=26844312|quote=Evidence for benzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin agonists in the general adult population, and most pharmacologic interventions in older adults was generally insufficient}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isuzuma ryakozwe mu 2017 ryagaragaje ko gusinzira byatangiye kwihuta iminota itandatu iyo umuntu akoreshejwe ariko nta gihindutse cyagaragaye mu gihe cyose asinziriye.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot; /&gt; Umuti wa melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon ushobora gukora neza kimwe n'inyongeramusaruro za melatonin.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zituruka ku nyongeramusaruro ni nkeya iyo umuntu ahawe dose nke mu gihe gito.   Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo gusinzira, kuribwa umutwe, isesemi, [[impiswi]], no kurota inzozi zidasanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Melatonin: Side Effects, Uses, Dosage (Kids/Adults) |url=https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173812/https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173812/https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |date=15 December 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=HC2018Oral&gt;{{cite web |title=Melatonin- Oral |url=http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&amp;lang=eng |website=Government of Canada |publisher=Health Canada |access-date=9 January 2019 |language=en |date=28 August 2018 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003412/http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&amp;lang=eng |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003412/http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&amp;lang=eng |date=1 April 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt;  Gukoresha kandi ntibikwiye ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt;

Mu nyamaswa (harimo n'abantu), melatonin igira uruhare mu guhuza imikorere y'umubiri, harimo igihe cyo gusinzira no kubyuka, kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso, no kororoka kw'ibihe bitandukanye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Altun2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Altun A, Ugur-Altun B|title=Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization|journal=International Journal of Clinical Practice|volume=61|issue=5|pages=835–45|date=May 2007|pmid=17298593|doi=10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01191.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingaruka nyinshi zayo ziterwa no gukora kwa receptor za melatonin, mu gihe izindi ziterwa n'uruhare rwayo nk'ingufu zirwanya uburozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boutin2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P|title=Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions|journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences|volume=26|issue=8|pages=412–9|date=August 2005|pmid=15992934|doi=10.1016/j.tips.2005.06.006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardeland2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hardeland R|title=Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance|journal=Endocrine|volume=27|issue=2|pages=119–30|date=July 2005|pmid=16217125|doi=10.1385/ENDO:27:2:119}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reiter2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Reiter RJ, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Tan DX, Burkhardt S|title=Free radical-mediated molecular damage. Mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin in the central nervous system|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=939|issue=1|pages=200–15|date=June 2001|pmid=11462772|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03627.x|bibcode=2001NYASA.939..200R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu bimera, bikora mu kurinda stress ya oxidative.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tan_2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tan DX, Hardeland R, Manchester LC, Korkmaz A, Ma S, Rosales-Corral S, Reiter RJ|title=Functional roles of melatonin in plants, and perspectives in nutritional and agricultural science|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|volume=63|issue=2|pages=577–97|date=January 2012|pmid=22016420|doi=10.1093/jxb/err256|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iboneka kandi mu biribwa bitandukanye. 

Melatonin yavumbuwe mu 1958.  Igurishwa ku isoko muri Kanada na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika; &lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs2019&quot; /&gt;  mu Bwongereza, ni umuti utangwa na muganga gusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi bigura hagati y'amadolari ya Amerika 1 na 4 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs2019&quot; /&gt; Mu Bwongereza, ibicuruzwa bya buri kwezi bitwara NHS ibiro bigera kuri 15.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Ntabwo byemewe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) ku ikoreshwa ry'ubuvuzi iryo ari ryo ryose.  Muri Ositaraliya no mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikoreshwa mu kugorana gusinzira ku bantu barengeje imyaka 54.   Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo kubura ibitotsi ku bana.  Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi mu 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;Circadin EPAR&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Circadin EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin | access-date=31 May 2020 | archive-date=4 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004203113/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin | url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004203113/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin |date=4 October 2018 }} Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>90ounks7oxs6owuyvwm4sxqb6yjfwc1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141492</id>
      <parentid>141491</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:24:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Melatonine</comment>
      <origin>141492</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7252" sha1="4topvb1dm4c3586mgnpcdttd9k5hndl" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Melatonine Structural Formula V1.svg|thumb|Melatonine]]
'''Melatonin''' ni imisemburo irekurwa cyane cyane n'agace ka pineal gatunganya uruziga rw'ibitotsi n'ibikanguro.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Faraone|first=Stephen V.|title=ADHD: Non-Pharmacologic Interventions, An Issue of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, E-Book|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323326025|page=888|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=lNSlBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA888|access-date=9 August 2020|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225210501/https://books.google.ca/books?id=lNSlBAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA888|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nk'inyongeramusaruro mu mirire, ikunze gukoreshwa mu kuvura [[Gusinzira|ibibazo byo gusinzira]] by'igihe gito, nko mu gihe cyo gutinda mu ndege cyangwa akazi ko ku kazi, kandi akenshi inyobwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Matheson E, Hainer BL|title=Insomnia: Pharmacologic Therapy|journal=American Family Physician|volume=96|issue=1|pages=29–35|date=July 2017|pmid=28671376}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=482–483|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nyamara, ibimenyetso by'akamaro kayo kuri iyi mikoreshereze ntabwo bikomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bra2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Brasure M, MacDonald R, Fuchs E, Olson CM, Carlyle M, Diem S, Koffel E, Khawaja IS, Ouellette J, Butler M, Kane RL, Wilt TJ|display-authors=6|title=Management of Insomnia Disorder[Internet]|journal=AHRQ Comparative Effectiveness Reviews|volume=15|issue=16|pages=EHC027–EF|year=2015|pmid=26844312|quote=Evidence for benzodiazepine hypnotics, melatonin agonists in the general adult population, and most pharmacologic interventions in older adults was generally insufficient}}&lt;/ref&gt; Isuzuma ryakozwe mu 2017 ryagaragaje ko gusinzira byatangiye kwihuta iminota itandatu iyo umuntu akoreshejwe ariko nta gihindutse cyagaragaye mu gihe cyose asinziriye.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot; /&gt; Umuti wa melatonin receptor agonist ramelteon ushobora gukora neza kimwe n'inyongeramusaruro za melatonin.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zituruka ku nyongeramusaruro ni nkeya iyo umuntu ahawe dose nke mu gihe gito.   Ingaruka mbi zishobora kuba zirimo gusinzira, kuribwa umutwe, isesemi, [[impiswi]], no kurota inzozi zidasanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs2019&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Melatonin: Side Effects, Uses, Dosage (Kids/Adults) |url=https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |website=Drugs.com |access-date=9 January 2019 |archive-date=15 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173812/https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181215173812/https://www.drugs.com/melatonin.html |date=15 December 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=HC2018Oral&gt;{{cite web |title=Melatonin- Oral |url=http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&amp;lang=eng |website=Government of Canada |publisher=Health Canada |access-date=9 January 2019 |language=en |date=28 August 2018 |archive-date=1 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003412/http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&amp;lang=eng |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190401003412/http://webprod.hc-sc.gc.ca/nhpid-bdipsn/atReq.do?atid=melatonin.oral&amp;lang=eng |date=1 April 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibyemewe kuyikoresha mu gihe [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|cyo gutwita]] cyangwa konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt;  Gukoresha kandi ntibikwiye ku bantu bafite ibibazo by'umwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt;

Mu nyamaswa (harimo n'abantu), melatonin igira uruhare mu guhuza imikorere y'umubiri, harimo igihe cyo gusinzira no kubyuka, kugenzura umuvuduko w'amaraso, no kororoka kw'ibihe bitandukanye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Altun2007&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Altun A, Ugur-Altun B|title=Melatonin: therapeutic and clinical utilization|journal=International Journal of Clinical Practice|volume=61|issue=5|pages=835–45|date=May 2007|pmid=17298593|doi=10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.01191.x}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ingaruka nyinshi zayo ziterwa no gukora kwa receptor za melatonin, mu gihe izindi ziterwa n'uruhare rwayo nk'ingufu zirwanya uburozi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Boutin2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Boutin JA, Audinot V, Ferry G, Delagrange P|title=Molecular tools to study melatonin pathways and actions|journal=Trends in Pharmacological Sciences|volume=26|issue=8|pages=412–9|date=August 2005|pmid=15992934|doi=10.1016/j.tips.2005.06.006}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hardeland2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Hardeland R|title=Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance|journal=Endocrine|volume=27|issue=2|pages=119–30|date=July 2005|pmid=16217125|doi=10.1385/ENDO:27:2:119}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reiter2001&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Reiter RJ, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Tan DX, Burkhardt S|title=Free radical-mediated molecular damage. Mechanisms for the protective actions of melatonin in the central nervous system|journal=Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences|volume=939|issue=1|pages=200–15|date=June 2001|pmid=11462772|doi=10.1111/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03627.x|bibcode=2001NYASA.939..200R}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu bimera, bikora mu kurinda stress ya oxidative.&lt;ref name=&quot;Tan_2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tan DX, Hardeland R, Manchester LC, Korkmaz A, Ma S, Rosales-Corral S, Reiter RJ|title=Functional roles of melatonin in plants, and perspectives in nutritional and agricultural science|journal=Journal of Experimental Botany|volume=63|issue=2|pages=577–97|date=January 2012|pmid=22016420|doi=10.1093/jxb/err256|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iboneka kandi mu biribwa bitandukanye. 

Melatonin yavumbuwe mu 1958.  Igurishwa ku isoko muri Kanada na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika; &lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs2019&quot; /&gt;  mu Bwongereza, ni umuti utangwa na muganga gusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Ibicuruzwa by'ukwezi bigura hagati y'amadolari ya Amerika 1 na 4 muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2017&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Drugs2019&quot; /&gt; Mu Bwongereza, ibicuruzwa bya buri kwezi bitwara NHS ibiro bigera kuri 15.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot; /&gt; Ntabwo byemewe n'Ikigo gishinzwe ibiribwa n'imiti muri Amerika (FDA) ku ikoreshwa ry'ubuvuzi iryo ari ryo ryose.  Muri Ositaraliya no mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikoreshwa mu kugorana gusinzira ku bantu barengeje imyaka 54.   Mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi, ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara zo kubura ibitotsi ku bana.  Yemejwe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu Muryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi mu 2007.&lt;ref name=&quot;Circadin EPAR&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=Circadin EPAR | website=[[European Medicines Agency]] (EMA) | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin | access-date=31 May 2020 | archive-date=4 October 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004203113/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin | url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181004203113/https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/human/EPAR/circadin |date=4 October 2018 }} Text was copied from this source which is © European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>4topvb1dm4c3586mgnpcdttd9k5hndl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Haloperidol</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23431</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141493</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:27:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502321|Haloperidol]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141493</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7384" sha1="j779xz1fyfd2nu9uqaeizv7x9ha003i" xml:space="preserve">'''Haloperidol''', igurishwa ku izina ry'ubucuruzi '''rya Haldol''' n'indi, ni umuti usanzwe uvura indwara zo mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Haloperidol|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/haloperidol.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102120426/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/haloperidol.html|archive-date=2015-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haloperidol ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya schizophrenia, tics muri Tourette syndrome, mania muri bipolar disorder, isesemi no kuruka, delirium, agitations, acute psychosis, hamwe no kubona ibintu mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo kureka inzoga.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schuckit|first=MA|title=Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens).|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=27 November 2014|volume=371|issue=22|pages=2109–13|pmid=25427113|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1407298|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b9z9th|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213032901/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08b9z9th|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Plosker|first=GL|title=Quetiapine: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in bipolar disorder|journal=PharmacoEconomics|date=1 July 2012|volume=30|issue=7|pages=611–31|pmid=22559293|doi=10.2165/11208500-000000000-00000}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora gukoreshwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi cyangwa mu mitsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Haloperidol isanzwe ikora mu minota 30 kugeza kuri 60.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Umuti ukora igihe kirekire ushobora gukoreshwa nk'urushinge buri byumweru bine ku bantu barwaye schizophrenia cyangwa izindi ndwara zifitanye isano, bibagirwa cyangwa bakanga gufata umuti mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Haloperidol ishobora gutera indwara yo kwimuka izwi nka tardive dyskinesia ishobora kuba ihoraho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Indwara y’imitsi itera indwara ya Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome hamwe no kongera igihe cya QT bishobora kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ku bantu bakuze bafite indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa no kwibagirwa, ibyago byo gupfa byiyongera.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Iyo ifashwe mu gihe cyo gutwita ishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TGA2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|website=Australian Government|access-date=2 January 2015|date=3 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibikwiye gukoreshwa ku bantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Haloperidol yavumbuwe mu 1958 na Paul Janssen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug discovery : a history|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=978-0-471-89979-2|page=124|edition=Rev. and updated|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA124|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072014/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA124|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yakozwe muri pethidine (meperidine).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Enrique|title=The evolution of drug discovery: from traditional medicines to modern drugs|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|isbn=978-3-527-32669-3|page=62|edition=1. Aufl.|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&amp;pg=PA62|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071857/https://books.google.ca/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&amp;pg=PA62|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni wo muti usanzwe ukoreshwa cyane wo kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ste2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Stevens|first=Andrew|title=Health care needs assessment: the epidemiologically based needs assessment reviews|date=2004|publisher=Radcliffe Medical|location=Abingdon|isbn=978-1-85775-892-4|page=202|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=HCLIeMG9WgoC&amp;pg=PA202|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072515/https://books.google.ca/books?id=HCLIeMG9WgoC&amp;pg=PA202|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Birahendutse cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;EM2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Adams|first=James G.|title=Emergency Medicine E-Book: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult -- Online)|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-3394-1|page=1635|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Emergency_Medicine_E_Book/rpoH-KYE93IC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA1635|language=en|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829132559/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Emergency_Medicine_E_Book/rpoH-KYE93IC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA1635|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Es2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=I|first=Escobar Javier|last2=Humberto|first2=Marin|title=Clinical Psychopharmacology: A Practical Approach|date=2013|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4578-37-0|page=69|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Clinical_Psychopharmacology_A_Practical/XPy2CgAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA69|language=en|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828100423/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Clinical_Psychopharmacology_A_Practical/XPy2CgAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA69|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|title=The Top 100 Drugs e-book: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7020-5515-7|page=75|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Top_100_Drugs_e_book/oeYjAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA75|language=en|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829132539/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Top_100_Drugs_e_book/oeYjAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA75|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 296 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni imwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Haloperidol - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Haloperidol|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708065732/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Haloperidol|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>j779xz1fyfd2nu9uqaeizv7x9ha003i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141494</id>
      <parentid>141493</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:35:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Haloperidol</comment>
      <origin>141494</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7439" sha1="eksrxepcfys9p2n1t93lt1z14koqa6y" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Haloperidol (cropped).jpg|thumb|Haloperidol]]
'''Haloperidol''', igurishwa ku izina ry'ubucuruzi '''rya Haldol''' n'indi, ni umuti usanzwe uvura indwara zo mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Haloperidol|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/haloperidol.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=2 January 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150102120426/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/haloperidol.html|archive-date=2015-01-02}}&lt;/ref&gt; Haloperidol ikoreshwa mu kuvura indwara ya schizophrenia, tics muri Tourette syndrome, mania muri bipolar disorder, isesemi no kuruka, delirium, agitations, acute psychosis, hamwe no kubona ibintu mu buryo butunguranye mu gihe cyo kureka inzoga.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NEJM2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Schuckit|first=MA|title=Recognition and management of withdrawal delirium (delirium tremens).|journal=The New England Journal of Medicine|date=27 November 2014|volume=371|issue=22|pages=2109–13|pmid=25427113|doi=10.1056/NEJMra1407298|url=http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/08b9z9th|access-date=27 June 2019|archive-date=13 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200213032901/https://escholarship.org/uc/item/08b9z9th|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Plosker|first=GL|title=Quetiapine: a pharmacoeconomic review of its use in bipolar disorder|journal=PharmacoEconomics|date=1 July 2012|volume=30|issue=7|pages=611–31|pmid=22559293|doi=10.2165/11208500-000000000-00000}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora gukoreshwa mu kanwa cyangwa mu guterwa mu mitsi cyangwa mu mitsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Haloperidol isanzwe ikora mu minota 30 kugeza kuri 60.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Umuti ukora igihe kirekire ushobora gukoreshwa nk'urushinge buri byumweru bine ku bantu barwaye schizophrenia cyangwa izindi ndwara zifitanye isano, bibagirwa cyangwa bakanga gufata umuti mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Haloperidol ishobora gutera indwara yo kwimuka izwi nka tardive dyskinesia ishobora kuba ihoraho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Indwara y’imitsi itera indwara ya Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome hamwe no kongera igihe cya QT bishobora kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ku bantu bakuze bafite indwara yo mu mutwe iterwa no kwibagirwa, ibyago byo gupfa byiyongera.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Iyo ifashwe mu gihe cyo gutwita ishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TGA2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database|url=http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|website=Australian Government|access-date=2 January 2015|date=3 March 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408040902/http://www.tga.gov.au/hp/medicines-pregnancy.htm|archive-date=8 April 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibikwiye gukoreshwa ku bantu barwaye indwara ya Parkinson.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Haloperidol yavumbuwe mu 1958 na Paul Janssen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug discovery : a history|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=978-0-471-89979-2|page=124|edition=Rev. and updated|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA124|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072014/https://books.google.ca/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA124|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Yakozwe muri pethidine (meperidine).&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ravina|first=Enrique|title=The evolution of drug discovery: from traditional medicines to modern drugs|date=2011|publisher=Wiley-VCH|location=Weinheim|isbn=978-3-527-32669-3|page=62|edition=1. Aufl.|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&amp;pg=PA62|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208071857/https://books.google.ca/books?id=iDNy0XxGqT8C&amp;pg=PA62|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni wo muti usanzwe ukoreshwa cyane wo kurwanya indwara zo mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ste2004&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Stevens|first=Andrew|title=Health care needs assessment: the epidemiologically based needs assessment reviews|date=2004|publisher=Radcliffe Medical|location=Abingdon|isbn=978-1-85775-892-4|page=202|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=HCLIeMG9WgoC&amp;pg=PA202|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208072515/https://books.google.ca/books?id=HCLIeMG9WgoC&amp;pg=PA202|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Birahendutse cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;EM2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Adams|first=James G.|title=Emergency Medicine E-Book: Clinical Essentials (Expert Consult -- Online)|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1-4557-3394-1|page=1635|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Emergency_Medicine_E_Book/rpoH-KYE93IC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA1635|language=en|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829132559/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Emergency_Medicine_E_Book/rpoH-KYE93IC?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA1635|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Es2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=I|first=Escobar Javier|last2=Humberto|first2=Marin|title=Clinical Psychopharmacology: A Practical Approach|date=2013|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4578-37-0|page=69|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Clinical_Psychopharmacology_A_Practical/XPy2CgAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA69|language=en|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=28 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828100423/https://www.google.com/books/edition/Clinical_Psychopharmacology_A_Practical/XPy2CgAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA69|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|title=The Top 100 Drugs e-book: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-0-7020-5515-7|page=75|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Top_100_Drugs_e_book/oeYjAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA75|language=en|access-date=19 April 2020|archive-date=29 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210829132539/https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Top_100_Drugs_e_book/oeYjAwAAQBAJ?hl=en&amp;gbpv=1&amp;dq=Haloperidol+inexpensive&amp;pg=PA75|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 296 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni imwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Haloperidol - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Haloperidol|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708065732/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Haloperidol|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>eksrxepcfys9p2n1t93lt1z14koqa6y</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Leptospirose</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23432</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141495</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:36:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1511746|Leptospirosis]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141495</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9768" sha1="0bz02keg09tsohsw8qpscknlbijpjv6" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|&lt;!-- altcaption      = A magnified image of Leptospira --&gt;|name=Leptospirosis|synonym=Rat fever,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Berger |first1=Stephen |title=Leptospirosis: Global Status |date=2018 |publisher=GIDEON Informatics Inc |isbn=9781498820318 |page=7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ekBLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7 |language=en |access-date=31 July 2020 |archive-date=28 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828142134/https://books.google.com/books?id=ekBLDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; field fever,&lt;ref name=Mos2013&gt;{{cite book|title=Mosby's Medical Dictionary|year=2013|publisher=[[Elsevier|Elsevier Health Sciences]]|isbn=9780323112581|page=697|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&amp;pg=PA697|edition=9|access-date=21 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908221631/https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&amp;pg=PA697|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; rat catcher's yellows,&lt;ref name=Mckay2001&gt;{{cite book|last=McKay|first=James E.  |title=Comprehensive Health Care for Dogs|year=2001|publisher=[[The Quarto Group|Creative Pub. International]]|location=Minnetonka, MN.|isbn=9781559717830|page=97}}&lt;/ref&gt; pretibial fever&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrews&quot;&gt;{{cite book| first1 = William D | last1 = James | first2 = Dirk M | last2 = Elston | first3 = Timothy G | last3 = Berger | first4 = George Clinton | last4 = Andrews  |title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology |publisher=[[Saunders (imprint)|Saunders Elsevier]] |year=2006 |isbn=978-0-7216-2921-6 }}{{rp|290}}&lt;/ref&gt;|image=Leptospirosis darkfield.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=''Leptospira'' magnified 200-fold with a [[dark-field microscope]].|pronounce=|field=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=None, [[headache]]s, [[Muscle ache|muscle pains]], [[fever]]s&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot;/&gt;|complications=[[pulmonary haemorrhage|Bleeding from the lungs]], [[meningitis]], [[kidney failure]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=McB2005&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = McBride AJ, Athanazio DA, Reis MG, Ko AI | title = Leptospirosis | journal = Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases | volume = 18 | issue = 5 | pages = 376–86 | date = October 2005 | pmid = 16148523 | doi = 10.1097/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c }}&lt;/ref&gt;|onset=One to two weeks&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot;/&gt;|duration=|types=|causes=''[[Leptospira]]'' typically spread by [[rodents]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Alison |first1=B Lane |last2=Michael |first2=M Dore  |title=Leptospirosis: A clinical review of evidence based diagnosis, treatment and prevention |journal=[[Baishideng Publishing Group|World Journal of Clinical Infectious Diseases]] |date=25 November 2016 |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=61–66 |doi=10.5495/wjcid.v6.i4.61|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;|risks=Exposure to infected animals or contaminated water&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt;|diagnosis=Testing blood for [[antibodies]] against the bacterium or its [[DNA]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot;/&gt;|differential=[[Malaria]], [[enteric fever]], [[rickettsiosis]], [[dengue]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Farrar|first1=Jeremy|last2=Hotez|first2=Peter|last3=Junghanss|first3=Thomas|last4=Kang|first4=Gagandeep|last5=Lalloo|first5=David|last6=White|first6=Nicholas J.  |title=Manson's Tropical Diseases E-Book|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780702053061|page=438|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA438|language=en|access-date=2 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908221631/https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA438|archive-date=8 September 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;|prevention=[[Personal protective equipment]], hygiene measures, [[doxycycline]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot;/&gt;|treatment=[[Doxycycline]], [[penicillin]], [[ceftriaxone]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt;|medication=|prognosis=Risk of death ~7.5%&lt;ref name=&quot;Evangelista2010&quot;&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Evangelista KV, Coburn J | title = Leptospira as an emerging pathogen: a review of its biology, pathogenesis and host immune responses | journal = Future Microbiology | volume = 5 | issue = 9 | pages = 1413–25 | date = September 2010 | pmid = 20860485 | pmc = 3037011 | doi = 10.2217/fmb.10.102 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|frequency=One million people per year&lt;ref name=Karpagm2020/&gt;&lt;ref name=Costa2015/&gt;|deaths=58,900 per year&lt;ref name=Costa2015/&gt;|named after=}}'''Leptospirose''' ni indwara yo mu maraso iterwa na bagiteri ''Leptospira''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bishobora kuva kuri buri kimwe kugeza kuri gito ( kuribwa umutwe, kubabara imitsi, n'umuriro ) kugeza kuri byinshi ( kuva amaraso mu bihaha cyangwa meningite ).&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Soo ZM, Khan NA, Siddiqui R|title=Leptospirosis: Increasing importance in developing countries|journal=Acta Tropica|volume=201|pages=105183|date=January 2020|pmid=31542372|doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105183|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ya Weil, ubwoko bukabije bwa leptospirose, ituma umuntu wanduye agira umuhondo (uruhu n'amaso bihinduka umuhondo), impyiko zigacika intege, kandi zigava amaraso.  Kuva amaraso mu bihaha bifitanye isano na leptospirose bizwi nka &quot;syndrome ikomeye yo kuva amaraso mu bihaha&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt;

Ubwoko burenga icumi bwa ''Leptospira'' mu ngirabuzimafatizo butera indwara mu bantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Picardeau2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Picardeau M|title=Virulence of the zoonotic agent of leptospirosis: still terra incognita?|journal=[[Nature Reviews Microbiology|Nature Reviews. Microbiology]]|volume=15|issue=5|pages=297–307|date=May 2017|pmid=28260786|doi=10.1038/nrmicro.2017.5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n'izo mu rugo zishobora gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara, cyane cyane imbeba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt; Bagiteri ikwirakwira mu bantu binyuze mu nkari z'inyamaswa, cyangwa amazi n'ubutaka byandujwe n'inkari z'inyamaswa, bigahura n'amaso, umunwa, amazuru cyangwa uruhu rugacika.  Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bahinzi n'abantu bafite amikoro make batuye mu turere dufite isuku nke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt; Mu bihugu byateye imbere, bibaho mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi ndetse no mu bikorwa byo hanze mu turere dushyuha kandi dutose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt; Gupima indwara akenshi bikorerwa mu gupima abasirikari b’umubiri barinda bagiteri cyangwa mu gusanga ADN ya bagiteri mu maraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt;

Mu bikorwa byo gukumira iyi ndwara harimo ibikoresho byo kwirinda impanuka iyo ukorana n'inyamaswa zishobora kwandura, gukaraba nyuma yo gukora ku mbeba no kugabanya imbeba mu duce abantu batuyemo n'aho bakorera.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Karpagam KB, Ganesh B|title=Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance-an updated review|journal=European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases|date=January 2020|pmid=31898795|doi=10.1007/s10096-019-03797-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umuti uvura indwara witwa doxycycline ugira akamaro mu gukumira ubwandu bwa leptospirose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt; Inkingo z'abantu zifite akamaro gake; &lt;ref name=&quot;Teixeira2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Teixeira AF, Fernandes LG, Cavenague MF, Takahashi MB, Santos JC, Passalia FJ, Daroz BB, Kochi LT, Vieira ML, Nascimento AL|display-authors=6|title=Adjuvanted leptospiral vaccines: Challenges and future development of new leptospirosis vaccines|journal=Vaccine|volume=37|issue=30|pages=3961–3973|date=July 2019|pmid=31186193|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.087}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkingo z'izindi nyamaswa ziraboneka cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ellis WA|title=Animal leptospirosis|journal=Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology|volume=387|pages=99–137|date=2015|pmid=25388134|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_6|isbn=978-3-662-45058-1&lt;!-- |series=Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology (including this removes italics from journal title - unnecessary?---&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo umuntu yanduye, avurwa hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko nka doxycycline, penisiline, cyangwa ceftriaxone.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka rusange z'urupfu ni 5–10%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Evangelista2010&quot; /&gt; Ariko, iyo ibihaha bifashwe, ibyago byo gupfa biriyongera bikagera kuri 50–70%. 

Bivugwa ko abantu miliyoni imwe ku isi bandura leptospirose buri mwaka, bigatuma abantu bagera ku 58.900 bapfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Costa2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Costa F, Hagan JE, Calcagno J, Kane M, Torgerson P, Martinez-Silveira MS, Stein C, Abela-Ridder B, Ko AI|display-authors=6|title=Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=9|issue=9|pages=e0003898|year=2015|pmid=26379143|pmc=4574773|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu turere dushyuha tw’isi ariko ishobora kugaragara ahantu hose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt; Indwara z'ibyorezo bishobora kuvuka nyuma y'imvura nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt; Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere na muganga Adolf Weil mu 1886 mu Budage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumar2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Barlow|first=Gavin|last2=Irving|first2=William L.|last3=Moss|first3=Peter J.|editor-last=Feather|editor-first=Adam|editor-last2=Randall|editor-first2=David|editor-last3=Waterhouse|editor-first3=Mona|title=Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7870-5|pages=547-548|edition=10th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA547|language=en|chapter=20. Infectious disease|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115032428/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA547|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>0bz02keg09tsohsw8qpscknlbijpjv6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141496</id>
      <parentid>141495</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:39:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Leptospirose</comment>
      <origin>141496</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5436" sha1="gvtnq8jweymkca7epqvhd9quft48g7u" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Jaundice of the sclerotic.JPG|thumb|Leptospirose]]
'''Leptospirose''' ni indwara yo mu maraso iterwa na bagiteri ''Leptospira''.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bishobora kuva kuri buri kimwe kugeza kuri gito ( kuribwa umutwe, kubabara imitsi, n'umuriro ) kugeza kuri byinshi ( kuva amaraso mu bihaha cyangwa meningite ).&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Soo ZM, Khan NA, Siddiqui R|title=Leptospirosis: Increasing importance in developing countries|journal=Acta Tropica|volume=201|pages=105183|date=January 2020|pmid=31542372|doi=10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105183|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ya Weil, ubwoko bukabije bwa leptospirose, ituma umuntu wanduye agira umuhondo (uruhu n'amaso bihinduka umuhondo), impyiko zigacika intege, kandi zigava amaraso.  Kuva amaraso mu bihaha bifitanye isano na leptospirose bizwi nka &quot;syndrome ikomeye yo kuva amaraso mu bihaha&quot;.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt;

Ubwoko burenga icumi bwa ''Leptospira'' mu ngirabuzimafatizo butera indwara mu bantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Picardeau2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Picardeau M|title=Virulence of the zoonotic agent of leptospirosis: still terra incognita?|journal=[[Nature Reviews Microbiology|Nature Reviews. Microbiology]]|volume=15|issue=5|pages=297–307|date=May 2017|pmid=28260786|doi=10.1038/nrmicro.2017.5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Inyamaswa zo mu gasozi n'izo mu rugo zishobora gukwirakwiza iyi ndwara, cyane cyane imbeba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt; Bagiteri ikwirakwira mu bantu binyuze mu nkari z'inyamaswa, cyangwa amazi n'ubutaka byandujwe n'inkari z'inyamaswa, bigahura n'amaso, umunwa, amazuru cyangwa uruhu rugacika.  Mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bahinzi n'abantu bafite amikoro make batuye mu turere dufite isuku nke.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt; Mu bihugu byateye imbere, bibaho mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi ndetse no mu bikorwa byo hanze mu turere dushyuha kandi dutose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt; Gupima indwara akenshi bikorerwa mu gupima abasirikari b’umubiri barinda bagiteri cyangwa mu gusanga ADN ya bagiteri mu maraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zoey2020&quot; /&gt;

Mu bikorwa byo gukumira iyi ndwara harimo ibikoresho byo kwirinda impanuka iyo ukorana n'inyamaswa zishobora kwandura, gukaraba nyuma yo gukora ku mbeba no kugabanya imbeba mu duce abantu batuyemo n'aho bakorera.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Karpagam KB, Ganesh B|title=Leptospirosis: a neglected tropical zoonotic infection of public health importance-an updated review|journal=European Journal of Clinical Microbiology &amp; Infectious Diseases|date=January 2020|pmid=31898795|doi=10.1007/s10096-019-03797-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umuti uvura indwara witwa doxycycline ugira akamaro mu gukumira ubwandu bwa leptospirose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt; Inkingo z'abantu zifite akamaro gake; &lt;ref name=&quot;Teixeira2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Teixeira AF, Fernandes LG, Cavenague MF, Takahashi MB, Santos JC, Passalia FJ, Daroz BB, Kochi LT, Vieira ML, Nascimento AL|display-authors=6|title=Adjuvanted leptospiral vaccines: Challenges and future development of new leptospirosis vaccines|journal=Vaccine|volume=37|issue=30|pages=3961–3973|date=July 2019|pmid=31186193|doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.087}}&lt;/ref&gt; inkingo z'izindi nyamaswa ziraboneka cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Ellis2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ellis WA|title=Animal leptospirosis|journal=Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology|volume=387|pages=99–137|date=2015|pmid=25388134|doi=10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_6|isbn=978-3-662-45058-1&lt;!-- |series=Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology (including this removes italics from journal title - unnecessary?---&gt;}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo umuntu yanduye, avurwa hakoreshejwe imiti yica udukoko nka doxycycline, penisiline, cyangwa ceftriaxone.&lt;ref name=&quot;Alison 2016&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka rusange z'urupfu ni 5–10%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Evangelista2010&quot; /&gt; Ariko, iyo ibihaha bifashwe, ibyago byo gupfa biriyongera bikagera kuri 50–70%. 

Bivugwa ko abantu miliyoni imwe ku isi bandura leptospirose buri mwaka, bigatuma abantu bagera ku 58.900 bapfa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Costa2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Costa F, Hagan JE, Calcagno J, Kane M, Torgerson P, Martinez-Silveira MS, Stein C, Abela-Ridder B, Ko AI|display-authors=6|title=Global Morbidity and Mortality of Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review|journal=PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases|volume=9|issue=9|pages=e0003898|year=2015|pmid=26379143|pmc=4574773|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003898}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu turere dushyuha tw’isi ariko ishobora kugaragara ahantu hose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt; Indwara z'ibyorezo bishobora kuvuka nyuma y'imvura nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Karpagm2020&quot; /&gt; Iyi ndwara yasobanuwe bwa mbere na muganga Adolf Weil mu 1886 mu Budage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kumar2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Barlow|first=Gavin|last2=Irving|first2=William L.|last3=Moss|first3=Peter J.|editor-last=Feather|editor-first=Adam|editor-last2=Randall|editor-first2=David|editor-last3=Waterhouse|editor-first3=Mona|title=Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7870-5|pages=547-548|edition=10th|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA547|language=en|chapter=20. Infectious disease|access-date=14 January 2023|archive-date=15 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115032428/https://books.google.com/books?id=sl3sDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA547|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>gvtnq8jweymkca7epqvhd9quft48g7u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Konsa</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23433</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141497</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:41:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500800|Breastfeeding]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141497</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10063" sha1="kwz9n1lj3v9srrofm6nibj5zcmnkmgt" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Breastfeeding_infant.jpg|thumb| Umwana yonsa]]
'''Konsa''', bizwi kandi nka '''konsa''', ni ugutanga amata y'ibere ry'umugore ku bana [[Umwana|bato]].&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Breastfeeding and Breast Milk: Condition Information|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155223/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/default.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abahanga mu by'ubuzima basaba ko konsa umwana bitangirira mu isaha ya mbere y'ubuzima bwe, kandi bigakomeza uko umwana abyifuza kenshi kandi uko ashaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|title=Infant and young child feeding Fact sheet N°342|publisher=WHO|date=February 2014|access-date=8 February 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208145357/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs342/en/|archive-date=8 February 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Breastfeeding.|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk|journal=Pediatrics|volume=129|issue=3|pages=e827–41|date=March 2012|pmid=22371471|doi=10.1542/peds.2011-3552|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150805091230/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/129/3/e827.long|url-status=live|archive-date=5 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu byumweru bike bya mbere by'ubuzima bw'abana, bashobora konka hafi buri masaha abiri cyangwa atatu, kandi igihe cyo konka akenshi kiba iminota icumi kugeza kuri cumi n'itanu kuri buri ibere.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014How&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=How do I breastfeed? Skip sharing on social media links|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150727155211/http://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/how-is-it-done.aspx|archive-date=27 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abana bakuru ntibarya kenshi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is weaning and how do I do it?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102841/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/weaning.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ababyeyi bashobora gukompa amata kugira ngo azakoreshwe nyuma mu gihe konsa bidashoboka.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2013&quot; /&gt; Konsa bigira akamaro kenshi ku mubyeyi no ku mwana, kandi amata y'ifu y'uruhinja ntayo afite.&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IP2009&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Ip S, Chung M, Raman G, Trikalinos TA, Lau J|title=A summary of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's evidence report on breastfeeding in developed countries|journal=Breastfeeding Medicine|volume=4 Suppl 1|pages=S17–30|date=October 2009|pmid=19827919|doi=10.1089/bfm.2009.0050}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Impfu z'abana bagera ku 820.000 bari munsi y'imyaka itanu zishobora kwirindwa ku isi buri mwaka iyo bonsa abana benshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, França GV, Horton S, Krasevec J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC|title=Breastfeeding in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect|journal=Lancet|volume=387|issue=10017|pages=475–90|date=January 2016|pmid=26869575|doi=10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01024-7}}&lt;/ref&gt; Konsa bigabanya ibyago byo kwandura indwara z'ubuhumekero no [[Impiswi|gucibwamo]] ku mwana, haba mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere n'ibyateye imbere.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt; Izindi nyungu zirimo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara asima, allergie y'ibiryo, na diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt; Konsa bishobora kandi kongera iterambere ry'ubwonko no kugabanya ibyago byo kubyibuha cyane mu gihe cy'ubukure.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Ababyeyi bashobora kumva bafite igitutu cyo konsa, ariko mu bihugu byateye imbere muri rusange abana bakura neza iyo bahawe amata y'ifu mu icupa.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Breastfeeding: A Guide for the Medical Profession|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|date=1 January 2011|isbn=978-1-4377-0788-5|first=Ruth A.|last=Lawrence|first2=Robert Michael|last2=Lawrence|pages=227–228}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ibyiza ku mubyeyi birimo kugabanuka kw'amaraso nyuma yo kubyara, kugabanuka k'umura no kugabanuka k'agahinda nyuma yo kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt; Konsa bitinza gusubira mu mihango no kubyara, ikintu kizwi nka lactational amenorrhea.&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt; Inyungu z'igihe kirekire ku mubyeyi zirimo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara [[Kanseri y’ibere|kanseri y'ibere]], indwara z'umutima n'imitsi, na [[Rumatisime ya rubagimpande|rubagimpande]].&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet2016&quot; /&gt; Konsa kandi birahendutse ugereranyije n'amata y'ifu y'uruhinja.&lt;ref name=&quot;APP1997&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Breastfeeding and the use of human milk. American Academy of Pediatrics. Work Group on Breastfeeding|journal=Pediatrics|volume=100|issue=6|pages=1035–9|date=December 1997|pmid=9411381|doi=10.1542/peds.100.6.1035|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121023001839/http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/100/6/1035.full.pdf+html|url-status=live|archive-date=23 October 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What are the benefits of breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150810214206/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/benefits.aspx|archive-date=10 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Imiryango y’ubuzima, harimo n’Ishami [[WHO|ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima]] (OMS), isaba konsa umwana mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu gusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Kr2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kramer MS, Kakuma R|title=Optimal duration of exclusive breastfeeding|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=8|issue=8|pages=CD003517|date=August 2012|pmid=22895934|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD003517.pub2|pmc=7154583}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bivuze ko nta bindi biribwa cyangwa ibinyobwa bitangwa, uretse vitamine D, bisanzwe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What are the recommendations for breastfeeding?|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=14 April 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814050651/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/recommendations.aspx|archive-date=14 August 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Nyuma yo gutanga ibiryo ku mezi atandatu, inama zirimo gukomeza konsa kugeza ku mwaka umwe kugeza ku myaka ibiri cyangwa irenga.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt; Ku isi yose, hafi 38% by'impinja zonsa gusa mu mezi atandatu ya mbere y'ubuzima bwazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2014&quot; /&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 2015, 83% by'abagore batangira konsa, ariko ku mezi 6 ni 58% gusa bari bagikonsa, naho 25% bonsa gusa.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2018Rate&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Results: Breastfeeding Rates|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|website=CDC|access-date=9 December 2018|language=en-us|date=1 August 2018|archive-date=7 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181207150158/https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/data/nis_data/results.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara zitemerera konsa umwana ni gake cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;AAP2012&quot; /&gt; Ababyeyi bafata imiti imwe n'imwe yo kwidagadura ntibagomba konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and Medication|website=AAP.org|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-12|archive-date=2019-08-02|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190802213426/https://www.aap.org/en-us/Pages/Breastfeeding-and-Medication.aspx|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;nichd.nih.gov&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Are there any special conditions or situations in which I should not breastfeed?|website=[[Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development|NICHD]]|url=https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|access-date=27 July 2015|date=19 December 2013|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150708102847/https://www.nichd.nih.gov/health/topics/breastfeeding/conditioninfo/Pages/when-not-breastfeed.aspx|archive-date=8 July 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Kunywa itabi no kunywa inzoga nke cyangwa ikawa si impamvu zo kwirinda konsa umwana.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|title=Breastfeeding and alcohol|date=2017-12-21|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801110239/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-alcohol.aspx#close|archive-date=1 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|title=Breastfeeding and diet|date=2018-03-26|website=NHS Choices|publisher=NHS|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807233307/http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/pregnancy-and-baby/Pages/breastfeeding-diet.aspx|archive-date=7 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|title=Tobacco Use &amp;#124; Breastfeeding &amp;#124; CDC|website=www.cdc.gov|access-date=4 August 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809151407/http://www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/tobacco.htm|archive-date=9 August 2016|date=2018-03-21}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>kwz9n1lj3v9srrofm6nibj5zcmnkmgt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ibibyimba</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23434</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141498</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:44:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1456725|Wart]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141498</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4410" sha1="imv83lo1jlxb4gxnl4b6tt8b4jmwzyc" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Warts|synonym=Verrucae,&lt;ref name=Loo2014/&gt; papillomas&lt;ref name=PubMed2016/&gt;|image=Dornwarzen.jpg|image_size=300px|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=A large number of warts on the big toe|pronounce=|field=[[Dermatology]]|symptoms=Painless, small, rough skin growth&lt;ref name=Loo2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=IQ2014/&gt;|complications=|onset=|duration=Months to years&lt;ref name=Loo2014/&gt;|types=|causes=[[Human papillomavirus infection|Human papillomavirus]]&lt;ref name=Loo2014/&gt;|risks=Public showers, [[eczema]]&lt;ref name=IQ2014/&gt;|diagnosis=|differential=[[Callus]], [[seborrheic keratosis]], [[squamous cell carcinoma]]&lt;ref name=Bo2012/&gt;|prevention=|treatment=[[Salicylic acid]], [[cryotherapy]]&lt;ref name=Loo2014/&gt;|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=Very common&lt;ref name=PubMed2016/&gt;|deaths=|named after=}}'''Ibibyimba''' ubusanzwe ni udusimba duto, dukomeye kandi dufite ibara risa n'iry'uruhu rusigaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Loo|first=SK|last2=Tang|first2=WY|title=Warts (non-genital)|journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence|date=12 June 2014|volume=2014|pmid=24921240|pmc=4054795}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Warts: Overview|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072770/|date=30 July 2014|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145251/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072770/|archive-date=10 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe ntabwo bitera ibindi bimenyetso, keretse iyo biri munsi y'ibirenge, aho bishobora kubabaza.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Nubwo akenshi biba ku maboko no ku birenge, bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku zindi hantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Indwara imwe cyangwa nyinshi zishobora kugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Ntabwo ari [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt;

Ibibyimba biterwa n'ubwandu bw'ubwoko bwa virusi ya papillomavirusi y'umuntu (HPV).&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Ibintu byongera ibyago birimo kwiyuhagira mu ruhame, gukoresha inyama, eczema ndetse n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Bivugwa ko iyi virusi yinjira mu mubiri inyuze mu ruhu rwangiritse gato.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibicurane, harimo &quot;ibicurane bisanzwe&quot;, ibicurane by'ibimera, &quot;ibicurane by'ibicurane&quot;, n'ibicurane by'igitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Ibibyimba byo mu gitsina akenshi [[Indwara zandurira mu mibonanompuzabitsina|byandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hen2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Henry|last=W Buck|title=Warts (genital)|journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence|date=13 August 2010|volume=2010|pmid=21418685|pmc=3217761}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iyo hatabayeho kuvurwa, ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibibyimba bushira mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bushobora kwihutisha igisubizo harimo aside salicylic ikoreshwa ku ruhu no gukoresha cryotherapy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, akenshi ntabwo bitera ibibazo bikomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Uburyo bwo kuvura ibibyimba mu gitsina butandukanye n’ubundi bwoko bw’indwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt;

Ibibyimba birakunze kugaragara cyane, aho abantu benshi bandura mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;PubMed2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|access-date=2016-11-06|title=Papillomas (Warts) – National Library of Medicine|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022704/|website=PubMed Health|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145250/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022704/|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igipimo cy’indwara ziterwa n’ibibyimba bitari mu myanya ndangagitsina mu baturage muri rusange ni 1–13%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Bikunze kugaragara cyane mu rubyiruko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cy’indwara z’ibibyimba mu gitsina ku bagore bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina ni 12%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hen2010&quot; /&gt; Ibibyimba byasobanuwe nibura kuva mu mwaka wa 400 mbere ya Yesu na Hippocrates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bo2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bope|first=Edward T.|last2=Kellerman|first2=Rick D.|title=Conn's Current Therapy 2012|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455733057|page=275|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFIi40hGC9oC&amp;pg=PT310|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107013337/https://books.google.com/books?id=BFIi40hGC9oC&amp;pg=PT310|archive-date=2016-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iri ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>imv83lo1jlxb4gxnl4b6tt8b4jmwzyc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141499</id>
      <parentid>141498</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:46:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ibibyimba</comment>
      <origin>141499</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3648" sha1="sga0eh3dlr1oc11ia88d20mffebbd1z" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Dornwarzen.jpg|thumb|Ibibyimba]]
'''Ibibyimba''' ubusanzwe ni udusimba duto, dukomeye kandi dufite ibara risa n'iry'uruhu rusigaye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Loo|first=SK|last2=Tang|first2=WY|title=Warts (non-genital)|journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence|date=12 June 2014|volume=2014|pmid=24921240|pmc=4054795}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Warts: Overview|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072770/|date=30 July 2014|publisher=U.S. National Library of Medicine|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145251/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072770/|archive-date=10 September 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe ntabwo bitera ibindi bimenyetso, keretse iyo biri munsi y'ibirenge, aho bishobora kubabaza.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Nubwo akenshi biba ku maboko no ku birenge, bishobora no kugira ingaruka ku zindi hantu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Indwara imwe cyangwa nyinshi zishobora kugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Ntabwo ari [[Indwara Ya Kanseri|kanseri]].&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt;

Ibibyimba biterwa n'ubwandu bw'ubwoko bwa virusi ya papillomavirusi y'umuntu (HPV).&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Ibintu byongera ibyago birimo kwiyuhagira mu ruhame, gukoresha inyama, eczema ndetse n'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri budakomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Bivugwa ko iyi virusi yinjira mu mubiri inyuze mu ruhu rwangiritse gato.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibicurane, harimo &quot;ibicurane bisanzwe&quot;, ibicurane by'ibimera, &quot;ibicurane by'ibicurane&quot;, n'ibicurane by'igitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt; Ibibyimba byo mu gitsina akenshi [[Indwara zandurira mu mibonanompuzabitsina|byandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;Hen2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|first=Henry|last=W Buck|title=Warts (genital)|journal=BMJ Clinical Evidence|date=13 August 2010|volume=2010|pmid=21418685|pmc=3217761}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Iyo hatabayeho kuvurwa, ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibibyimba bushira mu mezi cyangwa imyaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura bushobora kwihutisha igisubizo harimo aside salicylic ikoreshwa ku ruhu no gukoresha cryotherapy.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Ku bantu bafite ubuzima bwiza, akenshi ntabwo bitera ibibazo bikomeye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Uburyo bwo kuvura ibibyimba mu gitsina butandukanye n’ubundi bwoko bw’indwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;IQ2014&quot; /&gt;

Ibibyimba birakunze kugaragara cyane, aho abantu benshi bandura mu gihe runaka mu buzima bwabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;PubMed2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|access-date=2016-11-06|title=Papillomas (Warts) – National Library of Medicine|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022704/|website=PubMed Health|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910145250/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0022704/|archive-date=2017-09-10}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igipimo cy’indwara ziterwa n’ibibyimba bitari mu myanya ndangagitsina mu baturage muri rusange ni 1–13%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Bikunze kugaragara cyane mu rubyiruko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Loo2014&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cy’indwara z’ibibyimba mu gitsina ku bagore bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina ni 12%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hen2010&quot; /&gt; Ibibyimba byasobanuwe nibura kuva mu mwaka wa 400 mbere ya Yesu na Hippocrates.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bo2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Bope|first=Edward T.|last2=Kellerman|first2=Rick D.|title=Conn's Current Therapy 2012|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=978-1455733057|page=275|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BFIi40hGC9oC&amp;pg=PT310|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161107013337/https://books.google.com/books?id=BFIi40hGC9oC&amp;pg=PT310|archive-date=2016-11-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>sga0eh3dlr1oc11ia88d20mffebbd1z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Norepinephrine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23435</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141500</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:47:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503734|Norepinephrine]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141500</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2791" sha1="44y0x8t84vq4j4j0g36r7g16qgsgm6j" xml:space="preserve">'''Norepinephrine''', izwi kandi nka '''noradrenaline''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura abantu bafite umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi cyane.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017&gt;{{cite web|title=Norepinephrine Bitartrate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230032/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230032/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html |date=26 March 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni umuti usanzwe ukoreshwa mu gihe [[umukoresha:Doc James/Sepsis|cy'indwara ya sepsis]] iyo umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi utazamutse nyuma yo guterwa mu mitsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Latifi|first=Rifat|title=Surgical Decision Making: Beyond the Evidence Based Surgery|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319298245|page=67|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165820/https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|archive-date=2017-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni molekile imwe na hormone na neurotransmitter norepinephrine.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Itangwa mu guterwa buhoro buhoro mu mitsi . 

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuribwa umutwe, gutera k'umutima gahoro, no guhangayika .  Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo [[Arrhythmia|umutima utera nabi]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Iyo iva mu mitsi aho ihabwa, norepinephrine ishobora gutera ischemia y'ingingo.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Iyo habayeho gusohora amazi, gukoresha phentolamine mu gace kangiritse bishobora kongera umusaruro.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Norepinephrine ikora binyuze mu gufata no gukora receptors za alpha adrenergic.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt;

Norepinephrine yavumbuwe mu 1946 kandi yemerewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1950.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences|date=2014|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780123851581|page=224|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA224|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165724/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA224|archive-date=2017-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Igiciro cyo kugurisha mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu 2015 cyari hafi 0.42 USD kuri buri gacupa ka miligarama enye.  Mu Bwongereza aya mafaranga atwara NHS agera ku biro 4.40.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF69&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=145|edition=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>44y0x8t84vq4j4j0g36r7g16qgsgm6j</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141501</id>
      <parentid>141500</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:48:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Norepinephrine</comment>
      <origin>141501</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2863" sha1="1ajgccokvvq5an0yncj3j93nlips2na" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Norepinephrine ball-and-stick model.png|thumb|Norepinephrine]]
'''Norepinephrine''', izwi kandi nka '''noradrenaline''', ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura abantu bafite umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi cyane.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017&gt;{{cite web|title=Norepinephrine Bitartrate|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=26 March 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230032/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html|archive-date=26 March 2017}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170326230032/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/norepinephrine-bitartrate.html |date=26 March 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni umuti usanzwe ukoreshwa mu gihe [[umukoresha:Doc James/Sepsis|cy'indwara ya sepsis]] iyo umuvuduko w'amaraso uri hasi utazamutse nyuma yo guterwa mu mitsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Latifi|first=Rifat|title=Surgical Decision Making: Beyond the Evidence Based Surgery|date=2016|publisher=Springer|isbn=9783319298245|page=67|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165820/https://books.google.ca/books?id=2Z8YDAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA67|archive-date=2017-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ni molekile imwe na hormone na neurotransmitter norepinephrine.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Itangwa mu guterwa buhoro buhoro mu mitsi . 

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kuribwa umutwe, gutera k'umutima gahoro, no guhangayika .  Izindi ngaruka mbi zirimo [[Arrhythmia|umutima utera nabi]].&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Iyo iva mu mitsi aho ihabwa, norepinephrine ishobora gutera ischemia y'ingingo.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Iyo habayeho gusohora amazi, gukoresha phentolamine mu gace kangiritse bishobora kongera umusaruro.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Norepinephrine ikora binyuze mu gufata no gukora receptors za alpha adrenergic.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt;

Norepinephrine yavumbuwe mu 1946 kandi yemerewe gukoreshwa mu buvuzi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu 1950.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences|date=2014|publisher=Academic Press|isbn=9780123851581|page=224|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA224|language=en|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170327165724/https://books.google.ca/books?id=hfjSVIWViRUC&amp;pg=RA1-PA224|archive-date=2017-03-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=AHFS2017 /&gt; Igiciro cyo kugurisha mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu 2015 cyari hafi 0.42 USD kuri buri gacupa ka miligarama enye.  Mu Bwongereza aya mafaranga atwara NHS agera ku biro 4.40.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF69&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 69|date=2015|publisher=British Medical Association|isbn=9780857111562|page=145|edition=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>1ajgccokvvq5an0yncj3j93nlips2na</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Indwara z'ibihumyo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23436</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141502</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1479266|Mumps]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141502</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10591" sha1="817a0via12pnpm1fy62h71dm0b1pggh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Mumps|synonym=Epidemic [[parotitis]]|image=Mumps PHIL 130 lores.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Child with mumps|pronounce=|field=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=[[Fever]], [[Muscle ache|muscle pain]], [[headache]], [[malaise|feeling generally unwell]], [[Parotitis|painful swelling of the parotid gland]]&lt;ref name=WHO2007&gt;{{cite journal |title = Mumps virus vaccines. |journal = Weekly Epidemiological Record |date = 16 February 2007 |volume = 82 |issue = 7 |pages = 49–60 |pmid = 17304707 |url = http://www.who.int/wer/2007/wer8207.pdf?ua=1 |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150316104936/http://www.who.int/wer/2007/wer8207.pdf?ua=1 |archive-date = 16 March 2015 |df = dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316104936/http://www.who.int/wer/2007/wer8207.pdf?ua=1 |date=16 March 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|complications=[[Meningitis]], [[pancreatitis]], [[deafness]], [[infertility]] (males)&lt;ref name=WHO2007/&gt;|onset=~17 days after exposure&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Pink2012&gt;{{cite book |last1 = Atkinson |first1 = William |title = Mumps Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases |date = May 2012 |publisher = Public Health Foundation |isbn = 978-0-9832631-3-5 |pages = Chapter 14 |edition = 12th |url = https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/mumps.html |url-status = live |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160706213031/http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/mumps.html |archive-date = 6 July 2016 |df = dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160706213031/http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/mumps.html |date=2016-07-06 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|duration=7–10 days&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt;|types=|causes=[[Mumps virus]]&lt;ref name=Jong2022.11/&gt;|risks=|diagnosis=[[Viral culture]], [[antibodies]] in the blood&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt;|differential=|prevention=[[Mumps vaccine]]&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;|treatment=[[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive]]&lt;ref name=Davis2010&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors = Davis NF, McGuire BB, Mahon JA, Smyth AE, O'Malley KJ, Fitzpatrick JM |title = The increasing incidence of mumps orchitis: a comprehensive review |journal = BJU International |date = April 2010 |volume = 105 |issue = 8 |pages = 1060–5 |pmid = 20070300 |doi = 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2009.09148.x }}&lt;/ref&gt;|medication=[[Analgesic|Pain medication]], [[intravenous immunoglobulin]]&lt;ref name=Hviid2008 /&gt;|prognosis=1 in 10,000 die&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;|frequency=More common in the developing world&lt;ref name=Jung2013/&gt;|deaths=|video1=|named after=}}'''Mumps''' ni indwara iterwa na virusi ya mumps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jong2022.11&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kirby|first=Amber K.|last2=Adams|first2=Daniel J.|editor-last=Jong|editor-first=Elaine C.|editor-last2=Stevens|editor-first2=Dennis L.|title=Netter's Infectious Diseases|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-71159-3|pages=48-51|edition=2nd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48|language=en|chapter=11. Mumps|access-date=2023-10-02|archive-date=2023-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020105836/https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso by'ibanze akenshi birimo umuriro, ububabare bw'imitsi, kuribwa umutwe, kudashaka kurya neza, no kumva utameze neza muri rusange.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bailey's head and neck surgery—otolaryngology|date=2013|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health /Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|others=Johnson, Jonas T., Rosen, Clark A., Bailey, Byron J., 1934-|isbn=9781609136024|edition=5th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=863599053}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi akenshi bikurikirwa no kubyimba kubabaza k'agace kamwe cyangwa byombi k'amacandwe ya parotide.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi 16 kugeza kuri 18 nyuma yo guhura n'iki cyorezo, bigashira nyuma y'iminsi irindwi kugeza kuri 10.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;  Ibimenyetso akenshi birakomeye cyane ku bantu bakuru kurusha ku bana.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abantu bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje cyangwa nta na kimwe bafite.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo indwara ya meningitis (15%), [[Pancreatite|pancreatitis]] (4%), kubyimba k'umutima, kutabasha kumva burundu, no kubyimba mu mabya, bidasanzwe bigatera ubugumba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot; /&gt; Abagore bashobora kubyimba udusabo tw'intanga, ariko ibi ntibyongera ibyago byo kutabyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors = Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K |title = Mumps |journal = [[The Lancet]] |volume = 371 |issue = 9616 |pages = 932–44 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18342688 |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5 |url = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |access-date = 26 June 2020 |archive-date = 13 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |date=13 September 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Irandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba mu bantu batuye hafi aho.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=RK|last2=Best|first2=J|last3=MacMahon|first3=E|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=14 May 2005|volume=330|issue=7500|pages=1132–5|pmid=15891229|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132|pmc=557899}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi virusi yandurira mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero cyangwa mu gukorana n'umuntu wayinduye.  Abantu ni bo bonyine bandura kandi bagakwirakwiza iyi ndwara.  Abantu bandura kuva ku minsi irindwi mbere y'uko indwara ya parotide itangira kugeza ku minsi umunani nyuma yaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutty2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kutty PK, Kyaw MH, Dayan GH, Brady MT, Bocchini JA, Reef SE, Bellini WJ, Seward JF|title=Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=15 June 2010|volume=50|issue=12|pages=1619–28|doi=10.1086/652770|pmid=20455692|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo ubwandu bumaze kurangira, umuntu aba afite ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwe bwose.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Kongera kwandura birashoboka, ariko ubwandu bukurikiraho bukunda kuba buke.  Ubusanzwe icyorezo gikekwaho kubyimba kwa parotide kandi gishobora kwemezwa no gushyira virusi mu kato k'umuyoboro wa parotide.&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt; Gupima abasirikari b’umubiri ba IgM mu maraso biroroshye kandi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro; icyakora, bishobora kuba ari bibi ku bantu bakingiwe.&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt;

Urukingo rwa Mumps rushobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe doze ebyiri z'urukingo rwa Mumps .  Ibi bihugu byinshi byateye imbere biyishyira muri gahunda zabo zo gukingira, akenshi ikanayivanga n'urukingo rwa measles, rubella, n'urukingo rwa varicella.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Ibihugu bifite igipimo cyo gukingira kiri hasi bishobora kubona ukwiyongera kw'abandura mu bantu bakuze bityo ingaruka zikaba mbi kurushaho.  Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura buzwi.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Imbaraga zirimo kugenzura ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ububabare ukoresheje imiti igabanya ububabare nka [[Paracetamol|parasetamol]] (acetaminophen).&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Immunoglobulin iterwa mu mitsi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu ngorane zimwe na zimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Gushyirwa mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa iyo indwara ya meningite cyangwa pancreatitis itangiye.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2005&quot; /&gt;  Hafi umuntu umwe ku bantu 10.000 banduye apfa.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;

Iyo hatabayeho inkingo, abantu bagera kuri 0.1 kugeza kuri 1.0% nibo bagira ingaruka ku mwaka.  Gukingira indwara byagabanutseho ibirenga 90%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldman2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Patel|first=Manisha|last2=Gnann|first2=John W.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-53266-2|pages=2172-2174|edition=26th|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA2172&amp;dq=monkeypox&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=345. Mumps|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526223013/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA2172&amp;dq=monkeypox&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ya mumps ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho inkingo zidakunze kugaragara cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jung2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Thomas|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-7020-5306-1|page=261|edition=23rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA261|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513194608/https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA261|archive-date=13 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Icyakora, indwara zishobora gukomeza kugaragara mu baturage bakingiwe.  Mbere y'uko urukingo rutangira gukoreshwa, indwara ya mumps yari indwara isanzwe ku bana ku isi hose.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Indwara nini zanduraga akenshi zabaga buri myaka ibiri kugeza kuri itanu.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Abana bari hagati y'imyaka itanu n'icyenda ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochrane2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Di Pietrantonj|first=C|last2=Rivetti|first2=A|last3=Marchione|first3=P|last4=Debalini|first4=MG|last5=Demicheli|first5=V|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=April 2020|volume=4|page=CD004407|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4|pmid=32309885|url=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|access-date=2020-06-26|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194810/https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu bantu bakingiwe, abari mu kigero cy'imyaka 20 bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Ku nkengero z'umubumbe w'isi, akenshi bibaho umwaka wose, mu gihe mu turere tw'amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'isi, bibaho cyane mu gihe cy'itumba n'impeshyi.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Kubyimba kubabaza kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi n'udusabo tw'intanga byasobanuwe na Hippocrates mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu.  

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>817a0via12pnpm1fy62h71dm0b1pggh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141503</id>
      <parentid>141502</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:53:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Indwara z'ibihumyo</comment>
      <origin>141503</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8033" sha1="hfwryg0xkiuusvnaw8e3i9tes65maep" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Mumps PHIL 130 lores.jpg|thumb|Indwara z'ibihumyo]]
'''Mumps''' ni indwara iterwa na virusi ya mumps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jong2022.11&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kirby|first=Amber K.|last2=Adams|first2=Daniel J.|editor-last=Jong|editor-first=Elaine C.|editor-last2=Stevens|editor-first2=Dennis L.|title=Netter's Infectious Diseases|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-71159-3|pages=48-51|edition=2nd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48|language=en|chapter=11. Mumps|access-date=2023-10-02|archive-date=2023-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020105836/https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso by'ibanze akenshi birimo umuriro, ububabare bw'imitsi, kuribwa umutwe, kudashaka kurya neza, no kumva utameze neza muri rusange.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bailey's head and neck surgery—otolaryngology|date=2013|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health /Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|others=Johnson, Jonas T., Rosen, Clark A., Bailey, Byron J., 1934-|isbn=9781609136024|edition=5th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=863599053}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi akenshi bikurikirwa no kubyimba kubabaza k'agace kamwe cyangwa byombi k'amacandwe ya parotide.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi 16 kugeza kuri 18 nyuma yo guhura n'iki cyorezo, bigashira nyuma y'iminsi irindwi kugeza kuri 10.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;  Ibimenyetso akenshi birakomeye cyane ku bantu bakuru kurusha ku bana.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abantu bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje cyangwa nta na kimwe bafite.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo indwara ya meningitis (15%), [[Pancreatite|pancreatitis]] (4%), kubyimba k'umutima, kutabasha kumva burundu, no kubyimba mu mabya, bidasanzwe bigatera ubugumba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot; /&gt; Abagore bashobora kubyimba udusabo tw'intanga, ariko ibi ntibyongera ibyago byo kutabyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors = Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K |title = Mumps |journal = [[The Lancet]] |volume = 371 |issue = 9616 |pages = 932–44 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18342688 |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5 |url = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |access-date = 26 June 2020 |archive-date = 13 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |date=13 September 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Irandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba mu bantu batuye hafi aho.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=RK|last2=Best|first2=J|last3=MacMahon|first3=E|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=14 May 2005|volume=330|issue=7500|pages=1132–5|pmid=15891229|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132|pmc=557899}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi virusi yandurira mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero cyangwa mu gukorana n'umuntu wayinduye.  Abantu ni bo bonyine bandura kandi bagakwirakwiza iyi ndwara.  Abantu bandura kuva ku minsi irindwi mbere y'uko indwara ya parotide itangira kugeza ku minsi umunani nyuma yaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutty2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kutty PK, Kyaw MH, Dayan GH, Brady MT, Bocchini JA, Reef SE, Bellini WJ, Seward JF|title=Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=15 June 2010|volume=50|issue=12|pages=1619–28|doi=10.1086/652770|pmid=20455692|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo ubwandu bumaze kurangira, umuntu aba afite ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwe bwose.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Kongera kwandura birashoboka, ariko ubwandu bukurikiraho bukunda kuba buke.  Ubusanzwe icyorezo gikekwaho kubyimba kwa parotide kandi gishobora kwemezwa no gushyira virusi mu kato k'umuyoboro wa parotide.&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt; Gupima abasirikari b’umubiri ba IgM mu maraso biroroshye kandi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro; icyakora, bishobora kuba ari bibi ku bantu bakingiwe.&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt;

Urukingo rwa Mumps rushobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe doze ebyiri z'urukingo rwa Mumps .  Ibi bihugu byinshi byateye imbere biyishyira muri gahunda zabo zo gukingira, akenshi ikanayivanga n'urukingo rwa measles, rubella, n'urukingo rwa varicella.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Ibihugu bifite igipimo cyo gukingira kiri hasi bishobora kubona ukwiyongera kw'abandura mu bantu bakuze bityo ingaruka zikaba mbi kurushaho.  Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura buzwi.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Imbaraga zirimo kugenzura ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ububabare ukoresheje imiti igabanya ububabare nka [[Paracetamol|parasetamol]] (acetaminophen).&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Immunoglobulin iterwa mu mitsi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu ngorane zimwe na zimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Gushyirwa mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa iyo indwara ya meningite cyangwa pancreatitis itangiye.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2005&quot; /&gt;  Hafi umuntu umwe ku bantu 10.000 banduye apfa.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;

Iyo hatabayeho inkingo, abantu bagera kuri 0.1 kugeza kuri 1.0% nibo bagira ingaruka ku mwaka.  Gukingira indwara byagabanutseho ibirenga 90%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldman2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Patel|first=Manisha|last2=Gnann|first2=John W.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-53266-2|pages=2172-2174|edition=26th|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA2172&amp;dq=monkeypox&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=345. Mumps|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526223013/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA2172&amp;dq=monkeypox&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ya mumps ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho inkingo zidakunze kugaragara cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jung2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Thomas|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-7020-5306-1|page=261|edition=23rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA261|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513194608/https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA261|archive-date=13 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Icyakora, indwara zishobora gukomeza kugaragara mu baturage bakingiwe.  Mbere y'uko urukingo rutangira gukoreshwa, indwara ya mumps yari indwara isanzwe ku bana ku isi hose.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Indwara nini zanduraga akenshi zabaga buri myaka ibiri kugeza kuri itanu.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Abana bari hagati y'imyaka itanu n'icyenda ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochrane2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Di Pietrantonj|first=C|last2=Rivetti|first2=A|last3=Marchione|first3=P|last4=Debalini|first4=MG|last5=Demicheli|first5=V|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=April 2020|volume=4|page=CD004407|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4|pmid=32309885|url=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|access-date=2020-06-26|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194810/https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu bantu bakingiwe, abari mu kigero cy'imyaka 20 bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Ku nkengero z'umubumbe w'isi, akenshi bibaho umwaka wose, mu gihe mu turere tw'amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'isi, bibaho cyane mu gihe cy'itumba n'impeshyi.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Kubyimba kubabaza kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi n'udusabo tw'intanga byasobanuwe na Hippocrates mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu.  

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>hfwryg0xkiuusvnaw8e3i9tes65maep</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141504</id>
      <parentid>141503</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:54:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Indwara z'ibihumyo</comment>
      <origin>141504</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8039" sha1="7totj3tyhmqzs9p2m6av9unoc7sdh0f" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Mumps PHIL 130 lores.jpg|thumb|Indwara z'ibihumyo]]
Indwara z'ibihumyoni indwara iterwa na virusi ya mumps.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jong2022.11&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Kirby|first=Amber K.|last2=Adams|first2=Daniel J.|editor-last=Jong|editor-first=Elaine C.|editor-last2=Stevens|editor-first2=Dennis L.|title=Netter's Infectious Diseases|date=2022|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia|isbn=978-0-323-71159-3|pages=48-51|edition=2nd|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48|language=en|chapter=11. Mumps|access-date=2023-10-02|archive-date=2023-10-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020105836/https://books.google.com/books?id=l8skEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA48#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso by'ibanze akenshi birimo umuriro, ububabare bw'imitsi, kuribwa umutwe, kudashaka kurya neza, no kumva utameze neza muri rusange.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=Bailey's head and neck surgery—otolaryngology|date=2013|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health /Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins|others=Johnson, Jonas T., Rosen, Clark A., Bailey, Byron J., 1934-|isbn=9781609136024|edition=5th|location=Philadelphia|oclc=863599053}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi akenshi bikurikirwa no kubyimba kubabaza k'agace kamwe cyangwa byombi k'amacandwe ya parotide.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara nyuma y'iminsi 16 kugeza kuri 18 nyuma yo guhura n'iki cyorezo, bigashira nyuma y'iminsi irindwi kugeza kuri 10.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;  Ibimenyetso akenshi birakomeye cyane ku bantu bakuru kurusha ku bana.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy'abantu bafite ibimenyetso byoroheje cyangwa nta na kimwe bafite.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Ingorane zishobora kuba zirimo indwara ya meningitis (15%), [[Pancreatite|pancreatitis]] (4%), kubyimba k'umutima, kutabasha kumva burundu, no kubyimba mu mabya, bidasanzwe bigatera ubugumba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bai5th&quot; /&gt; Abagore bashobora kubyimba udusabo tw'intanga, ariko ibi ntibyongera ibyago byo kutabyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |vauthors = Hviid A, Rubin S, Mühlemann K |title = Mumps |journal = [[The Lancet]] |volume = 371 |issue = 9616 |pages = 932–44 |date = March 2008 |pmid = 18342688 |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60419-5 |url = https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |access-date = 26 June 2020 |archive-date = 13 September 2020 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |url-status = live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200913053559/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Mumps-Hviid-Rubin/132b696aeae7700a51c70bf3dcf9bca42d594846 |date=13 September 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Irandura cyane kandi ikwirakwira vuba mu bantu batuye hafi aho.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Gupta|first=RK|last2=Best|first2=J|last3=MacMahon|first3=E|title=Mumps and the UK epidemic 2005.|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=14 May 2005|volume=330|issue=7500|pages=1132–5|pmid=15891229|doi=10.1136/bmj.330.7500.1132|pmc=557899}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyi virusi yandurira mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero cyangwa mu gukorana n'umuntu wayinduye.  Abantu ni bo bonyine bandura kandi bagakwirakwiza iyi ndwara.  Abantu bandura kuva ku minsi irindwi mbere y'uko indwara ya parotide itangira kugeza ku minsi umunani nyuma yaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;Kutty2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Kutty PK, Kyaw MH, Dayan GH, Brady MT, Bocchini JA, Reef SE, Bellini WJ, Seward JF|title=Guidance for isolation precautions for mumps in the United States: a review of the scientific basis for policy change|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|date=15 June 2010|volume=50|issue=12|pages=1619–28|doi=10.1086/652770|pmid=20455692|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iyo ubwandu bumaze kurangira, umuntu aba afite ubudahangarwa bw'ubuzima bwe bwose.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Kongera kwandura birashoboka, ariko ubwandu bukurikiraho bukunda kuba buke.  Ubusanzwe icyorezo gikekwaho kubyimba kwa parotide kandi gishobora kwemezwa no gushyira virusi mu kato k'umuyoboro wa parotide.&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt; Gupima abasirikari b’umubiri ba IgM mu maraso biroroshye kandi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro; icyakora, bishobora kuba ari bibi ku bantu bakingiwe.&lt;ref name=Pink2012 /&gt;

Urukingo rwa Mumps rushobora kwirindwa hakoreshejwe doze ebyiri z'urukingo rwa Mumps .  Ibi bihugu byinshi byateye imbere biyishyira muri gahunda zabo zo gukingira, akenshi ikanayivanga n'urukingo rwa measles, rubella, n'urukingo rwa varicella.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Ibihugu bifite igipimo cyo gukingira kiri hasi bishobora kubona ukwiyongera kw'abandura mu bantu bakuze bityo ingaruka zikaba mbi kurushaho.  Nta buryo bwihariye bwo kuvura buzwi.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Imbaraga zirimo kugenzura ibimenyetso by'indwara y'ububabare ukoresheje imiti igabanya ububabare nka [[Paracetamol|parasetamol]] (acetaminophen).&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Immunoglobulin iterwa mu mitsi bishobora kuba ingirakamaro mu ngorane zimwe na zimwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Gushyirwa mu bitaro bishobora kuba ngombwa iyo indwara ya meningite cyangwa pancreatitis itangiye.&lt;ref name=&quot;UK2005&quot; /&gt;  Hafi umuntu umwe ku bantu 10.000 banduye apfa.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt;

Iyo hatabayeho inkingo, abantu bagera kuri 0.1 kugeza kuri 1.0% nibo bagira ingaruka ku mwaka.  Gukingira indwara byagabanutseho ibirenga 90%.&lt;ref name=&quot;Goldman2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Patel|first=Manisha|last2=Gnann|first2=John W.|editor-last=Goldman|editor-first=Lee|editor-last2=Schafer|editor-first2=Andrew I.|title=Goldman-Cecil Medicine|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-323-53266-2|pages=2172-2174|edition=26th|volume=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA2172&amp;dq=monkeypox&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=345. Mumps|access-date=26 May 2022|archive-date=26 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526223013/https://books.google.com/books?id=7pKqDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA2172&amp;dq=monkeypox&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara ya mumps ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere, aho inkingo zidakunze kugaragara cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Jung2013&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Junghanss|first=Thomas|title=Manson's tropical diseases.|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier/Saunders|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-7020-5306-1|page=261|edition=23rd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA261|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160513194608/https://books.google.com/books?id=GTjRAQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA261|archive-date=13 May 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Icyakora, indwara zishobora gukomeza kugaragara mu baturage bakingiwe.  Mbere y'uko urukingo rutangira gukoreshwa, indwara ya mumps yari indwara isanzwe ku bana ku isi hose.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Indwara nini zanduraga akenshi zabaga buri myaka ibiri kugeza kuri itanu.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Abana bari hagati y'imyaka itanu n'icyenda ni bo bakunze kwibasirwa cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochrane2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Di Pietrantonj|first=C|last2=Rivetti|first2=A|last3=Marchione|first3=P|last4=Debalini|first4=MG|last5=Demicheli|first5=V|title=Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.|journal=Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=April 2020|volume=4|page=CD004407|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4|pmid=32309885|url=https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|access-date=2020-06-26|archive-date=2022-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211194810/https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD004407.pub4/epdf/full|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu bantu bakingiwe, abari mu kigero cy'imyaka 20 bakunze kwibasirwa n'iyi ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hviid2008&quot; /&gt; Ku nkengero z'umubumbe w'isi, akenshi bibaho umwaka wose, mu gihe mu turere tw'amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'isi, bibaho cyane mu gihe cy'itumba n'impeshyi.&lt;ref name=WHO2007 /&gt; Kubyimba kubabaza kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi n'udusabo tw'intanga byasobanuwe na Hippocrates mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Yesu.  

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>7totj3tyhmqzs9p2m6av9unoc7sdh0f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Anencephaly</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23437</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141505</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:58:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1500347|Anencephaly]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141505</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3682" sha1="onmk0x03vi5t1wphr59bf5oli6qextv" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Anencephaly|synonym=|image=Anencephaly-web.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=Illustration of an anencephalic fetus|pronounce=|field=[[Medical genetics]]; [[pediatrics]]|symptoms=[[Blind]], [[deaf]], [[unconscious]], unable to feel pain&lt;ref name=NINDS2020/&gt;|complications=|onset=[[Animal embryonic development|Embryonic development]]&lt;ref name=Stat2020/&gt;|duration=|types=|causes=|risks=[[Folate deficiency]], [[antiepileptic medication]], [[diabetes]], excessive [[vitamin A]], [[hyperthermia]] during pregnancy&lt;ref name=Stat2020/&gt;|diagnosis='''Before birth''': Suspected based on high levels of [[alpha fetoprotein]] in the mother, confirmed by [[ultrasound]]&lt;ref name=Stat2020/&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''After birth''': [[Physical examination|Examination]]&lt;ref name=Stat2020/&gt;|differential=|prevention=[[Folate|Folic acid]] supplementation&lt;ref name=Stat2020/&gt;|treatment=[[Symptomatic treatment|Supportive care]]&lt;ref name=NINDS2020/&gt;|medication=|prognosis=Extremely poor&lt;ref name=NINDS2020/&gt;|frequency=1 in 7,500 births (USA)&lt;ref name=NORD2020&gt;{{cite web |title=Anencephaly |url=https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/anencephaly/ |website=NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders) |access-date=10 January 2021 |archive-date=23 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123214707/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/anencephaly/ |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123214707/https://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/anencephaly/ |date=23 November 2020 }}&lt;/ref&gt;|deaths=|width=|named after=}}'''Anencephaly''' ni ukubura igice kinini [[Ubwonko|cy'ubwonko]] n'agahanga bitewe n'ibibazo biri mu mikurire y'umwana akiri muto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tafuri|first=SM|last2=Lui|first2=F|title=Embryology, Anencephaly|date=January 2020|pmid=31424828|journal=StatPearls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abana bafite iyi ndwara ni impumyi, impumyi, nta cyo bazi, kandi ntibashobora kumva ububabare.  Hari ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu yumva ahumeka neza, ndetse n'uburyo yumva amajwi cyangwa akoraho.&lt;ref name=NINDS2020&gt;{{cite web |title=Anencephaly Information Page {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/all-disorders/anencephaly-information-page |website=www.ninds.nih.gov |access-date=10 January 2021 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109023743/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Anencephaly-Information-Page |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109023743/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Anencephaly-Information-Page |date=9 January 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bikekwa ko biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo kubura folate, imiti igabanya igicuri, diyabete, [[Vitamini A|vitamine A]] nyinshi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gutwita.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Ni ubwoko bw'ubumuga bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Uburyo bw'ibanze bwasabaga kunanirwa gufunga umutwe w'umuyoboro w'imitsi .  Gusuzuma mbere yo kubyara bishobora gukeka ko ari ngombwa hashingiwe ku rugero rwo hejuru rwa alpha fetoprotein mu mubyeyi kandi bikemezwa na ultrasound.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

Kwirinda ni ukongeramo aside folike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Umuti urwanya igicuri, valproate, ugomba kwirindwa mu gihe utwite, niba bishoboka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Ubuvuzi bukubiyemo ubuvuzi bushyigikira.&lt;ref name=NINDS2020 /&gt; Iyo umwana avutse ari muzima, abenshi bapfa mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi mike nyuma yo kuvuka.  Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umwana umwe kuri 7.500 avuka arwara indwara. 

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>onmk0x03vi5t1wphr59bf5oli6qextv</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141506</id>
      <parentid>141505</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T20:59:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Anencephaly</comment>
      <origin>141506</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2159" sha1="20vw6h9hk0ini1shvsjmu690t2yfpg6" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Anencephaly front.jpg|thumb|Anencephaly]]
'''Anencephaly''' ni ukubura igice kinini [[Ubwonko|cy'ubwonko]] n'agahanga bitewe n'ibibazo biri mu mikurire y'umwana akiri muto.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Tafuri|first=SM|last2=Lui|first2=F|title=Embryology, Anencephaly|date=January 2020|pmid=31424828|journal=StatPearls}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abana bafite iyi ndwara ni impumyi, impumyi, nta cyo bazi, kandi ntibashobora kumva ububabare.  Hari ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu yumva ahumeka neza, ndetse n'uburyo yumva amajwi cyangwa akoraho.&lt;ref name=NINDS2020&gt;{{cite web |title=Anencephaly Information Page {{!}} National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/all-disorders/anencephaly-information-page |website=www.ninds.nih.gov |access-date=10 January 2021 |archive-date=9 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109023743/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Anencephaly-Information-Page |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109023743/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/Disorders/All-Disorders/Anencephaly-Information-Page |date=9 January 2021 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

Bikekwa ko biterwa n'ibintu byinshi birimo kubura folate, imiti igabanya igicuri, diyabete, [[Vitamini A|vitamine A]] nyinshi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi mu gihe cyo gutwita.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Ni ubwoko bw'ubumuga bw'imiyoboro y'ubwonko.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Uburyo bw'ibanze bwasabaga kunanirwa gufunga umutwe w'umuyoboro w'imitsi .  Gusuzuma mbere yo kubyara bishobora gukeka ko ari ngombwa hashingiwe ku rugero rwo hejuru rwa alpha fetoprotein mu mubyeyi kandi bikemezwa na ultrasound.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt;

Kwirinda ni ukongeramo aside folike.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Umuti urwanya igicuri, valproate, ugomba kwirindwa mu gihe utwite, niba bishoboka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Stat2020&quot; /&gt; Ubuvuzi bukubiyemo ubuvuzi bushyigikira.&lt;ref name=NINDS2020 /&gt; Iyo umwana avutse ari muzima, abenshi bapfa mu masaha make cyangwa iminsi mike nyuma yo kuvuka.  Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umwana umwe kuri 7.500 avuka arwara indwara. 

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>20vw6h9hk0ini1shvsjmu690t2yfpg6</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Herpes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23438</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141507</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:01:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502467|Herpes]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141507</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10635" sha1="qka1fmpirf980x6i6ads1f3f75tufyg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Herpes|synonym=Cold sores, fever blisters|image=Herpes(PHIL 1573 lores).jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[Herpes labialis]] of the lower lip. Note the blisters in a group marked by an arrow.|pronounce={{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɜɹ|p|iː|z}}|field=[[Infectious diseases (medical specialty)|Infectious disease]]|symptoms=Blisters that break open and form small [[ulcer]]s, fever, swollen [[lymph node]]s&lt;ref name=CDC2014F/&gt;|complications=|onset=|duration=2–4 weeks&lt;ref name=CDC2014F/&gt;|types=|causes=[[Herpes simplex virus]] spread by direct contact&lt;ref name=CDC2014F/&gt;|risks=[[immunosuppression|Decreased immune function]], stress, sunlight&lt;ref name=Bal2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cancer&quot;/&gt;|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, [[PCR]],  [[viral culture]]&lt;ref name=CDC2014F/&gt;&lt;ref name=Bal2014/&gt;|differential=|prevention=|treatment=|medication=[[Aciclovir]], [[valaciclovir]], [[paracetamol]] (acetaminophen), topical lidocaine&lt;ref name=CDC2014F/&gt;&lt;ref name=Bal2014/&gt;|prognosis=|frequency=60–95% (adults)&lt;ref name=Peds09/&gt;|deaths=|video1=|named after=}}'''Herpes''', izwi kandi nka '''herpes simplex''', ni indwara iterwa na virusi ya herpes simplex.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Genital Herpes – CDC Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/STDFact-Herpes-detailed.htm|website=cdc.gov|access-date=31 December 2014|date=December 8, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231122747/http://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/STDFact-Herpes-detailed.htm|archive-date=31 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara zishyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku gice cy'umubiri wanduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=362-370|edition=13th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA362&amp;dq=human&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=19. Viral diseases|access-date=2022-05-28|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604031910/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA362&amp;dq=human&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Herpes yo mu kanwa bikubiyemo isura cyangwa umunwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew2020&quot; /&gt; Bishobora gutera udusebe duto mu matsinda akunze kwitwa ibisebe bikonje cyangwa udusebe tw'umuriro cyangwa bishobora gutera ububabare mu muhogo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Balasubramaniam|first=R|last2=Kuperstein|first2=AS|last3=Stoopler|first3=ET|title=Update on oral herpes virus infections.|journal=Dental Clinics of North America|date=April 2014|volume=58|issue=2|pages=265–80|pmid=24655522|doi=10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mosby|title=Mosby's Medical Dictionary|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323112581|pages=836–37|edition=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&amp;pg=PA836|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906210724/https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&amp;pg=PA836|archive-date=2017-09-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Herpes yo mu gitsina, akenshi izwi ku izina rya herpes, ishobora kugira ibimenyetso bike cyangwa ikagira uduheri duto cyane tugacika bigatera udusebe duto.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Ibi bikunze gukira mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Kubabara cyangwa gukubita bishobora kubaho mbere yuko udusebe tugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Herpes igenda ihinduka hagati y’ibihe by’indwara ikora hanyuma ikagira ibihe bitagira ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Igice cya mbere gikunze kuba gikomeye cyane kandi gishobora no kujyana n'umuriro, ububabare bw'imitsi, kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi no kuribwa umutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibihe by'indwara zigaragara bigabanuka mu buryo bukabije n'ubukana bwazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Izindi ndwara ziterwa na herpes simplex zirimo: herpetic whitlow iyo ifata intoki,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Wu|first=IB|last2=Schwartz|first2=RA|title=Herpetic whitlow.|journal=Cutis|date=March 2007|volume=79|issue=3|pages=193–06|pmid=17674583}}&lt;/ref&gt; herpes yo mu jisho,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Rowe|first=AM|last2=St Leger|first2=AJ|last3=Jeon|first3=S|last4=Dhaliwal|first4=DK|last5=Knickelbein|first5=JE|last6=Hendricks|first6=RL|title=Herpes keratitis.|journal=Progress in Retinal and Eye Research|date=January 2013|volume=32|pages=88–101|pmid=22944008|doi=10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.08.002|pmc=3529813}}&lt;/ref&gt; ubwandu bwa herpes mu bwonko,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Steiner|first=I|last2=Benninger|first2=F|title=Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system.|journal=Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports|date=December 2013|volume=13|issue=12|pages=414|pmid=24142852|doi=10.1007/s11910-013-0414-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; na herpes y'impinja ivuka iyo ifata umwana ukiri muto, n'izindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stephenson-Famy|first=A|last2=Gardella|first2=C|title=Herpes Simplex Virus Infection During Pregnancy.|journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America|date=December 2014|volume=41|issue=4|pages=601–14|pmid=25454993|doi=10.1016/j.ogc.2014.08.006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa virusi ya herpes simplex, ubwoko bwa 1 (HSV-1) n'ubwoko bwa 2 (HSV-2).&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; HSV-1 ikunze gutera indwara zikikije umunwa mu gihe HSV-2 ikunze gutera indwara zifata imyanya ndangagitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Zandurira mu gukora ku mazi cyangwa ku bisebe by'umuntu wanduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Kwandura bishobora gukomeza kubaho iyo nta bimenyetso bihari.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Herpes yo mu gitsina ishyirwa mu cyiciro [[Indwara zandurira mu mibonanompuzabitsina|cy’indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Ishobora kwandurira ku mwana mu gihe cyo kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Nyuma yo kwandura, virusi zijyanwa mu mitsi ikoresha uburyo bwo kumva zikajyanwa mu turemangingo tw’imitsi, aho ziba ubuzima bwazo bwose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Impamvu zo kongera kugaruka zishobora kuba zirimo: kugabanuka k'imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, stress, no kwibasirwa n'izuba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cancer&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Elad S|title=A systematic review of viral infections associated with oral involvement in cancer patients: a spotlight on Herpesviridea|journal=Support Care Cancer|volume=18|issue=8|pages=993–1006|date=August 2010|pmid=20544224|doi=10.1007/s00520-010-0900-3|last2=Zadik Y|last3=Hewson I|display-authors=3|last4=Hovan|first4=Allan|last5=Correa|first5=M. Elvira P.|last6=Logan|first6=Richard|last7=Elting|first7=Linda S.|last8=Spijkervet|first8=Fred K. L.|last9=Brennan|first9=Michael T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe indwara ya herpes yo mu kanwa n'iy'igitsina irasuzumwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Isuzuma rishobora kwemezwa hakoreshejwe virusi cyangwa hagafatwa ADN ya herpes mu mazi ava mu dusebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Gupima amaraso kugira ngo harebwe niba hari abasirikare b’umubiri barwanya virusi bishobora kwemeza ko hari ubwandu bwabayeho mbere ariko ntibizagaragara ko ari ubwandu bushya.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt;

Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirinda kwandura indwara zo mu gitsina ni ukwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gitsina, mu kanwa no mu kibuno.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; [[Agakingirizo]] kuyikoresha bigabanya ibyago.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ifatwa buri munsi n'umuntu ufite ubwandu ishobora no kugabanya ikwirakwira ryayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Nta rukingo ruhari &lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; kandi iyo rwanduye, nta muti ruboneka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; [[Paracetamol|Parasetamol]] (acetaminophen) na lidocaine yo mu bwoko bwa topical bishobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka aciclovir cyangwa valaciclovir bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw'ibimenyetso by'indwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt;

Ku isi hose, igipimo cya HSV-1 cyangwa HSV-2 kiri hagati ya 60% na 95% mu bantu bakuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peds09&quot; /&gt; HSV-1 ikunze kuboneka mu bwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cya byombi kiriyongera uko abantu bakura.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peds09&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cya HSV-1 kiri hagati ya 70% na 80% mu baturage bafite imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’abafite imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’abafite imibereho myiza y’abaturage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peds09&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chayavichitsilp P, Buckwalter JV, Krakowski AC, Friedlander SF|title=Herpes simplex|journal=Pediatr Rev|volume=30|issue=4|pages=119–29; quiz 130|date=April 2009|pmid=19339385|doi=10.1542/pir.30-4-119|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/c6007147e5b196be342f5881d263149ae404a32f|access-date=2020-07-11|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828105541/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Herpes-simplex.-Chayavichitsilp-Buckwalter/c6007147e5b196be342f5881d263149ae404a32f|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 536 ku isi yose (16% by'abaturage) banduye HSV-2 mu 2003, umubare w'abagore n'abo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ukaba uri hejuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Looker2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Looker|first=KJ|last2=Garnett, GP|last3=Schmid, GP|title=An estimate of the global prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=October 2008|volume=86|issue=10|pages=805–12, A|pmid=18949218|pmc=2649511|doi=10.2471/blt.07.046128}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu benshi barwaye HSV-2 ntibazi ko banduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Izina rikomoka kuri [[Template:Lang-grc-gre]] ''herpēs'', rifitanye isano n'igisobanuro &quot;gukwirakwira&quot;, yerekeza ku gukwirakwiza udusebe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Beswick|first=TSL|title=The Origin and the Use of the Word Herpes|journal=Med Hist|volume=6|date=1962|issue=3|pages=214–232|doi=10.1017/S002572730002737X|pmid=13868599|pmc=1034725}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izina ntirivuga ku gutinda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Reese|first=Vail|title=Countering Creeping Confusion: A Proposal to Re-Name Herpes Virus TAXONOMY|url=http://ojcpcd.com/reese-v/countering-creeping-confusion-a-proposal-to-re-name-herpes-virus-taxonomy/|website=Online Journal of Community and Person-Centered Dermatology|publisher=Dr. David Elpern|access-date=22 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923005836/http://ojcpcd.com/reese-v/countering-creeping-confusion-a-proposal-to-re-name-herpes-virus-taxonomy/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>qka1fmpirf980x6i6ads1f3f75tufyg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141508</id>
      <parentid>141507</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:02:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Herpes</comment>
      <origin>141508</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9611" sha1="5qohkx9bifa6dpdll2ew3jl0exgrvvq" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Herpes zoster back.png|thumb|Herpes]]
'''Herpes''', izwi kandi nka '''herpes simplex''', ni indwara iterwa na virusi ya herpes simplex.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Genital Herpes – CDC Fact Sheet|url=https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/STDFact-Herpes-detailed.htm|website=cdc.gov|access-date=31 December 2014|date=December 8, 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141231122747/http://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/STDFact-Herpes-detailed.htm|archive-date=31 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indwara zishyirwa mu byiciro hashingiwe ku gice cy'umubiri wanduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=James|first=William D.|last2=Elston|first2=Dirk|last3=Treat|first3=James R.|last4=Rosenbach|first4=Misha A.|last5=Neuhaus|first5=Isaac|title=Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology|date=2020|publisher=Elsevier|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-323-54753-6|pages=362-370|edition=13th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA362&amp;dq=human&amp;hl=en|language=en|chapter=19. Viral diseases|access-date=2022-05-28|archive-date=2022-06-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604031910/https://books.google.com/books?id=UEaEDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;pg=PA362&amp;dq=human&amp;hl=en|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Herpes yo mu kanwa bikubiyemo isura cyangwa umunwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Andrew2020&quot; /&gt; Bishobora gutera udusebe duto mu matsinda akunze kwitwa ibisebe bikonje cyangwa udusebe tw'umuriro cyangwa bishobora gutera ububabare mu muhogo.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Balasubramaniam|first=R|last2=Kuperstein|first2=AS|last3=Stoopler|first3=ET|title=Update on oral herpes virus infections.|journal=Dental Clinics of North America|date=April 2014|volume=58|issue=2|pages=265–80|pmid=24655522|doi=10.1016/j.cden.2013.12.001}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Mosby|title=Mosby's Medical Dictionary|date=2013|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323112581|pages=836–37|edition=9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&amp;pg=PA836|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170906210724/https://books.google.com/books?id=aW0zkZl0JgQC&amp;pg=PA836|archive-date=2017-09-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; Herpes yo mu gitsina, akenshi izwi ku izina rya herpes, ishobora kugira ibimenyetso bike cyangwa ikagira uduheri duto cyane tugacika bigatera udusebe duto.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Ibi bikunze gukira mu gihe cy'ibyumweru bibiri kugeza kuri bine.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Kubabara cyangwa gukubita bishobora kubaho mbere yuko udusebe tugaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Herpes igenda ihinduka hagati y’ibihe by’indwara ikora hanyuma ikagira ibihe bitagira ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Igice cya mbere gikunze kuba gikomeye cyane kandi gishobora no kujyana n'umuriro, ububabare bw'imitsi, kubyimba kw'uturemangingo tw'imitsi no kuribwa umutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibihe by'indwara zigaragara bigabanuka mu buryo bukabije n'ubukana bwazo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Izindi ndwara ziterwa na herpes simplex zirimo: herpetic whitlow iyo ifata intoki,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Wu|first=IB|last2=Schwartz|first2=RA|title=Herpetic whitlow.|journal=Cutis|date=March 2007|volume=79|issue=3|pages=193–06|pmid=17674583}}&lt;/ref&gt; herpes yo mu jisho,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Rowe|first=AM|last2=St Leger|first2=AJ|last3=Jeon|first3=S|last4=Dhaliwal|first4=DK|last5=Knickelbein|first5=JE|last6=Hendricks|first6=RL|title=Herpes keratitis.|journal=Progress in Retinal and Eye Research|date=January 2013|volume=32|pages=88–101|pmid=22944008|doi=10.1016/j.preteyeres.2012.08.002|pmc=3529813}}&lt;/ref&gt; ubwandu bwa herpes mu bwonko,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Steiner|first=I|last2=Benninger|first2=F|title=Update on herpes virus infections of the nervous system.|journal=Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports|date=December 2013|volume=13|issue=12|pages=414|pmid=24142852|doi=10.1007/s11910-013-0414-8}}&lt;/ref&gt; na herpes y'impinja ivuka iyo ifata umwana ukiri muto, n'izindi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Stephenson-Famy|first=A|last2=Gardella|first2=C|title=Herpes Simplex Virus Infection During Pregnancy.|journal=Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America|date=December 2014|volume=41|issue=4|pages=601–14|pmid=25454993|doi=10.1016/j.ogc.2014.08.006}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Hari ubwoko bubiri bwa virusi ya herpes simplex, ubwoko bwa 1 (HSV-1) n'ubwoko bwa 2 (HSV-2).&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; HSV-1 ikunze gutera indwara zikikije umunwa mu gihe HSV-2 ikunze gutera indwara zifata imyanya ndangagitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Zandurira mu gukora ku mazi cyangwa ku bisebe by'umuntu wanduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Kwandura bishobora gukomeza kubaho iyo nta bimenyetso bihari.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Herpes yo mu gitsina ishyirwa mu cyiciro [[Indwara zandurira mu mibonanompuzabitsina|cy’indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina]].&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Ishobora kwandurira ku mwana mu gihe cyo kubyara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Nyuma yo kwandura, virusi zijyanwa mu mitsi ikoresha uburyo bwo kumva zikajyanwa mu turemangingo tw’imitsi, aho ziba ubuzima bwazo bwose.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Impamvu zo kongera kugaruka zishobora kuba zirimo: kugabanuka k'imikorere y'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, stress, no kwibasirwa n'izuba.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Cancer&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Elad S|title=A systematic review of viral infections associated with oral involvement in cancer patients: a spotlight on Herpesviridea|journal=Support Care Cancer|volume=18|issue=8|pages=993–1006|date=August 2010|pmid=20544224|doi=10.1007/s00520-010-0900-3|last2=Zadik Y|last3=Hewson I|display-authors=3|last4=Hovan|first4=Allan|last5=Correa|first5=M. Elvira P.|last6=Logan|first6=Richard|last7=Elting|first7=Linda S.|last8=Spijkervet|first8=Fred K. L.|last9=Brennan|first9=Michael T.}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe indwara ya herpes yo mu kanwa n'iy'igitsina irasuzumwa hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bigaragara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Isuzuma rishobora kwemezwa hakoreshejwe virusi cyangwa hagafatwa ADN ya herpes mu mazi ava mu dusebe.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Gupima amaraso kugira ngo harebwe niba hari abasirikare b’umubiri barwanya virusi bishobora kwemeza ko hari ubwandu bwabayeho mbere ariko ntibizagaragara ko ari ubwandu bushya.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt;

Uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kwirinda kwandura indwara zo mu gitsina ni ukwirinda imibonano mpuzabitsina mu gitsina, mu kanwa no mu kibuno.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; [[Agakingirizo]] kuyikoresha bigabanya ibyago.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara ifatwa buri munsi n'umuntu ufite ubwandu ishobora no kugabanya ikwirakwira ryayo.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Nta rukingo ruhari &lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; kandi iyo rwanduye, nta muti ruboneka.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; [[Paracetamol|Parasetamol]] (acetaminophen) na lidocaine yo mu bwoko bwa topical bishobora gukoreshwa mu gufasha kugabanya ibimenyetso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt; Kuvura hakoreshejwe imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi nka aciclovir cyangwa valaciclovir bishobora kugabanya ubukana bw'ibimenyetso by'indwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bal2014&quot; /&gt;

Ku isi hose, igipimo cya HSV-1 cyangwa HSV-2 kiri hagati ya 60% na 95% mu bantu bakuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peds09&quot; /&gt; HSV-1 ikunze kuboneka mu bwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cya byombi kiriyongera uko abantu bakura.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peds09&quot; /&gt; Igipimo cya HSV-1 kiri hagati ya 70% na 80% mu baturage bafite imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’abafite imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’abafite imibereho myiza y’abaturage.&lt;ref name=&quot;Peds09&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chayavichitsilp P, Buckwalter JV, Krakowski AC, Friedlander SF|title=Herpes simplex|journal=Pediatr Rev|volume=30|issue=4|pages=119–29; quiz 130|date=April 2009|pmid=19339385|doi=10.1542/pir.30-4-119|url=https://semanticscholar.org/paper/c6007147e5b196be342f5881d263149ae404a32f|access-date=2020-07-11|archive-date=2021-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828105541/https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Herpes-simplex.-Chayavichitsilp-Buckwalter/c6007147e5b196be342f5881d263149ae404a32f|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 536 ku isi yose (16% by'abaturage) banduye HSV-2 mu 2003, umubare w'abagore n'abo mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere ukaba uri hejuru.&lt;ref name=&quot;Looker2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Looker|first=KJ|last2=Garnett, GP|last3=Schmid, GP|title=An estimate of the global prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection.|journal=Bulletin of the World Health Organization|date=October 2008|volume=86|issue=10|pages=805–12, A|pmid=18949218|pmc=2649511|doi=10.2471/blt.07.046128}}&lt;/ref&gt; Abantu benshi barwaye HSV-2 ntibazi ko banduye.&lt;ref name=&quot;CDC2014F&quot; /&gt; Izina rikomoka kuri [[Template:Lang-grc-gre]] ''herpēs'', rifitanye isano n'igisobanuro &quot;gukwirakwira&quot;, yerekeza ku gukwirakwiza udusebe.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Beswick|first=TSL|title=The Origin and the Use of the Word Herpes|journal=Med Hist|volume=6|date=1962|issue=3|pages=214–232|doi=10.1017/S002572730002737X|pmid=13868599|pmc=1034725}}&lt;/ref&gt; Izina ntirivuga ku gutinda.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Reese|first=Vail|title=Countering Creeping Confusion: A Proposal to Re-Name Herpes Virus TAXONOMY|url=http://ojcpcd.com/reese-v/countering-creeping-confusion-a-proposal-to-re-name-herpes-virus-taxonomy/|website=Online Journal of Community and Person-Centered Dermatology|publisher=Dr. David Elpern|access-date=22 September 2018|archive-date=23 September 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180923005836/http://ojcpcd.com/reese-v/countering-creeping-confusion-a-proposal-to-re-name-herpes-virus-taxonomy/|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>5qohkx9bifa6dpdll2ew3jl0exgrvvq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Loratadine</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23439</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141509</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:04:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503123|Loratadine]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141509</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4353" sha1="s221aobp8eam6thi2mab311ebhuvyev" xml:space="preserve">'''Loratadine''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Claritin''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura aleriji.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loratadine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221001703/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loratadine.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi birimo rhinitis ifite allergie (ifu y'ibyatsi) hamwe n'uduheri.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka kandi hamwe na pseudoephedrine, umuti ugabanya kubyimba kw'imitsi, uzwi nka loratadine/pseudoephedrine.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kuma mu kanwa no kuribwa umutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikomeye ntizikunze kubaho kandi zirimo ingaruka z'ubwivumbure, ibicurane, n'ibibazo by'umwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2015&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] bisa nkaho ari byiza ariko ntibirasuzumwa neza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/loratadine.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221001209/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/loratadine.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibyemewe ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka ibiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clarityn Allergy 10mg Tablets (P) - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/29550|date=7 October 2015|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220173725/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/29550|archive-date=20 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri mu muryango w'imiti irwanya indwara zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;

Loratadine yahawe patenti mu 1980, iza ku isoko mu 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=549|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA549|access-date=2019-03-03|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043523/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA549|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loratadine iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 0.01 na 0.06 kuri buri dose mu 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=925&amp;searchYear=2015|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190537/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=925&amp;searchYear=2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iraboneka ku giciro cya muganga.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 59 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni cumi n'ebyiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Loratadine|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413053256/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Loratadine|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>s221aobp8eam6thi2mab311ebhuvyev</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141510</id>
      <parentid>141509</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:16:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Loratadine</comment>
      <origin>141510</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4423" sha1="3h4ezgagtrixber09orfyagiyfmj42u" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Loratadine - 3d, portrait orientation.png|thumb|Loratadine]]
'''Loratadine''', igurishwa ku izina rya '''Claritin''' n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa mu kuvura aleriji.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loratadine.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=8 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221001703/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/loratadine.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi birimo rhinitis ifite allergie (ifu y'ibyatsi) hamwe n'uduheri.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Iraboneka kandi hamwe na pseudoephedrine, umuti ugabanya kubyimba kw'imitsi, uzwi nka loratadine/pseudoephedrine.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo gusinzira, kuma mu kanwa no kuribwa umutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikomeye ntizikunze kubaho kandi zirimo ingaruka z'ubwivumbure, ibicurane, n'ibibazo by'umwijima.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2015&quot; /&gt; Gukoresha mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]] bisa nkaho ari byiza ariko ntibirasuzumwa neza.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine Use During Pregnancy|url=https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/loratadine.html|website=www.drugs.com|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161221001209/https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/loratadine.html|archive-date=21 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntibyemewe ku bana bari munsi y'imyaka ibiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Clarityn Allergy 10mg Tablets (P) - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC)|url=https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/29550|date=7 October 2015|website=www.medicines.org.uk|access-date=13 December 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220173725/https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/medicine/29550|archive-date=20 December 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri mu muryango w'imiti irwanya indwara zo mu gisekuru cya kabiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt;

Loratadine yahawe patenti mu 1980, iza ku isoko mu 1988.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=549|url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA549|access-date=2019-03-03|archive-date=2019-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043523/https://books.google.ca/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA549|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi rw'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Loratadine iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Igiciro cy’igurishwa ry’ibicuruzwa mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere kiri hagati y’amadolari y’Amerika 0.01 na 0.06 kuri buri dose mu 2015.&lt;ref name=&quot;ERC2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=925&amp;searchYear=2015|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 June 2018|archive-date=1 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190537/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=925&amp;searchYear=2015|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, iraboneka ku giciro cya muganga.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2016&quot; /&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 59 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni cumi n'ebyiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Loratadine - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Loratadine|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=13 April 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200413053256/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Loratadine|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>3h4ezgagtrixber09orfyagiyfmj42u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Finasteride</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23440</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141511</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:19:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1502036|Finasteride]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141511</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8023" sha1="d8ri09bp93e94paymrmo107cz6lzt14" xml:space="preserve">'''Finasteride''', igurishwa ku mazina ya '''Proscar''' na '''Propecia''', n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura prostate yagutse cyangwa gutakaza umusatsi ku bagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finasteride Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=5 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=25 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura imisatsi myinshi ku bagore ndetse no mu kuvura imisemburo ku bagore bahinduye igitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&amp;pg=PA369|title=Hair Growth and Disorders|last=Blume-Peytavi|first=Ulrike|last2=Whiting|first2=David A.|last3=Trüeb|first3=Ralph M.|date=26 June 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-46911-7|pages=369|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111212011/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&amp;pg=PA369|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TranssexualMgmnt2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Knezevich EL, Viereck LK, Drincic AT|title=Medical management of adult transsexual persons|journal=Pharmacotherapy|volume=32|issue=1|pages=54–66|date=January 2012|pmid=22392828|doi=10.1002/PHAR.1006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi ziva kuri finasteride ntizikunze kubaho,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochrane2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ|title=Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=10|pages=CD006015|date=October 2010|pmid=20927745|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006015.pub3}}&lt;/ref&gt; ariko bamwe mu bagabo bagira ikibazo cyo kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina, [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]] no [[Gynecomastia|kongera amabere]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS|title=Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review|journal=J Am Acad Dermatol|volume=81|issue=1|pages=163–172|date=2019-07-01|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043|pmid=30905792}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2014AArev&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Varothai S, Bergfeld WF|title=Androgenetic alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update|journal=American Journal of Clinical Dermatology|volume=15|issue=3|pages=217–30|date=July 2014|pmid=24848508|doi=10.1007/s40257-014-0077-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku bagabo bamwe, imikorere mibi mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ishobora gukomeza nyuma yo guhagarika imiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zax2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zakhem|first=GA|last2=Goldberg|first2=JE|last3=Motosko|first3=CC|last4=Cohen|first4=BE|last5=Ho|first5=RS|title=Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review.|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|date=July 2019|volume=81|issue=1|pages=163–172|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043|pmid=30905792|quote=In studies addressing reversibility, most of these patients have resolution of sexual adverse effects after discontinuation of finasteride, and many have improvement of adverse effects over time with continued finasteride use. However, some studies CAPSULE SUMMARY d Prescription medications are a common cause of sexual dysfunction. Possible sexual adverse effects should be discussed with men using these medications. d We identified evidence for sexual adverse effects in patients taking 11 systemic dermatologic medications. Level 1 evidence evaluating sexual dysfunction as a primary outcome was available for finasteride.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Traish|first=AM|title=Post-finasteride syndrome: a surmountable challenge for clinicians.|journal=Fertility and Sterility|date=January 2020|volume=113|issue=1|pages=21–50|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030|pmid=32033719}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo kurwara [[kanseri ya prostate]] imwe n'imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;2014AArev&quot; /&gt; Finasteride ni umuti ubuza 5α-reductase, bityo ukaba urwanya androgen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323084307|page=580|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA580|language=en|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606214629/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikora mu kugabanya ikorwa rya dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ku kigero cya 70%, harimo no mu gasabo k'inkari no mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Finasteride yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha mu buvuzi mu 1984, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=483|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA483|language=en|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606214626/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA483|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;SataloffSclafani2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Robert T|last=Sataloff|first2=Anthony P|last2=Sclafani|title=Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head &amp; Neck Surgery: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|date=30 November 2015|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|isbn=978-93-5152-459-5|pages=400–|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=12 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112031637/https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntabwo bihenze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hitch2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=24-25|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku kwezi mu Bwongereza bitwara NHS amafaranga agera kuri £0.90 ku kwezi guhera mu 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=769|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 2.30.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 86 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n’abaganga barenga miliyoni icyenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finasteride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206153249/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Ir ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>d8ri09bp93e94paymrmo107cz6lzt14</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141512</id>
      <parentid>141511</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:21:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Finasteride</comment>
      <origin>141512</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8030" sha1="htc9aql2m5ajqciud0j1lp23w1k83pm" xml:space="preserve">'''Finasteride''', igurishwa ku mazina ya '''Proscar''' na '''Propecia''', n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura prostate yagutse cyangwa gutakaza umusatsi ku bagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finasteride Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=5 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=25 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura imisatsi myinshi ku bagore ndetse no mu kuvura imisemburo ku bagore bahinduye igitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&amp;pg=PA369|title=Hair Growth and Disorders|last=Blume-Peytavi|first=Ulrike|last2=Whiting|first2=David A.|last3=Trüeb|first3=Ralph M.|date=26 June 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-46911-7|pages=369|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111212011/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&amp;pg=PA369|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TranssexualMgmnt2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Knezevich EL, Viereck LK, Drincic AT|title=Medical management of adult transsexual persons|journal=Pharmacotherapy|volume=32|issue=1|pages=54–66|date=January 2012|pmid=22392828|doi=10.1002/PHAR.1006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi ziva kuri finasteride ntizikunze kubaho,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochrane2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ|title=Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=10|pages=CD006015|date=October 2010|pmid=20927745|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006015.pub3}}&lt;/ref&gt; ariko bamwe mu bagabo bagira ikibazo cyo kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina, [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]] no [[Gynecomastia|kongera amabere]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS|title=Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review|journal=J Am Acad Dermatol|volume=81|issue=1|pages=163–172|date=2019-07-01|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043|pmid=30905792}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2014AArev&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Varothai S, Bergfeld WF|title=Androgenetic alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update|journal=American Journal of Clinical Dermatology|volume=15|issue=3|pages=217–30|date=July 2014|pmid=24848508|doi=10.1007/s40257-014-0077-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku bagabo bamwe, imikorere mibi mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ishobora gukomeza nyuma yo guhagarika imiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zax2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zakhem|first=GA|last2=Goldberg|first2=JE|last3=Motosko|first3=CC|last4=Cohen|first4=BE|last5=Ho|first5=RS|title=Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review.|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|date=July 2019|volume=81|issue=1|pages=163–172|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043|pmid=30905792|quote=In studies addressing reversibility, most of these patients have resolution of sexual adverse effects after discontinuation of finasteride, and many have improvement of adverse effects over time with continued finasteride use. However, some studies CAPSULE SUMMARY d Prescription medications are a common cause of sexual dysfunction. Possible sexual adverse effects should be discussed with men using these medications. d We identified evidence for sexual adverse effects in patients taking 11 systemic dermatologic medications. Level 1 evidence evaluating sexual dysfunction as a primary outcome was available for finasteride.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Traish|first=AM|title=Post-finasteride syndrome: a surmountable challenge for clinicians.|journal=Fertility and Sterility|date=January 2020|volume=113|issue=1|pages=21–50|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030|pmid=32033719}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo kurwara [[kanseri ya prostate]] imwe n'imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;2014AArev&quot; /&gt; Finasteride ni umuti ubuza 5α-reductase, bityo ukaba urwanya androgen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323084307|page=580|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA580|language=en|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606214629/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikora mu kugabanya ikorwa rya dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ku kigero cya 70%, harimo no mu gasabo k'inkari no mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Finasteride yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha mu buvuzi mu 1984, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=483|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA483|language=en|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606214626/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA483|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;SataloffSclafani2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Robert T|last=Sataloff|first2=Anthony P|last2=Sclafani|title=Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head &amp; Neck Surgery: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|date=30 November 2015|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|isbn=978-93-5152-459-5|pages=400–|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=12 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112031637/https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntabwo bihenze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hitch2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=24-25|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku kwezi mu Bwongereza bitwara NHS amafaranga agera kuri £0.90 ku kwezi guhera mu 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=769|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 2.30.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 86 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n’abaganga barenga miliyoni icyenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finasteride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206153249/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>htc9aql2m5ajqciud0j1lp23w1k83pm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141513</id>
      <parentid>141512</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:22:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Finasteride</comment>
      <origin>141513</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8086" sha1="6b11ihxnz4f425k9s8mp0iu8bjj7j17" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Finasteride bottle 5mg.jpg|thumb|Finasteride]]
'''Finasteride''', igurishwa ku mazina ya '''Proscar''' na '''Propecia''', n'indi, ni umuti ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura prostate yagutse cyangwa gutakaza umusatsi ku bagabo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finasteride Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html|website=Drugs.com|publisher=American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=5 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=25 August 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180825002456/https://www.drugs.com/monograph/finasteride.html|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kuvura imisatsi myinshi ku bagore ndetse no mu kuvura imisemburo ku bagore bahinduye igitsina.&lt;ref name=&quot;Blume-PeytaviWhiting2008&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&amp;pg=PA369|title=Hair Growth and Disorders|last=Blume-Peytavi|first=Ulrike|last2=Whiting|first2=David A.|last3=Trüeb|first3=Ralph M.|date=26 June 2008|publisher=Springer Science &amp; Business Media|isbn=978-3-540-46911-7|pages=369|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=11 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200111212011/https://books.google.com/books?id=pHrX2-huQCoC&amp;pg=PA369|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;TranssexualMgmnt2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Knezevich EL, Viereck LK, Drincic AT|title=Medical management of adult transsexual persons|journal=Pharmacotherapy|volume=32|issue=1|pages=54–66|date=January 2012|pmid=22392828|doi=10.1002/PHAR.1006}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi ziva kuri finasteride ntizikunze kubaho,&lt;ref name=&quot;Cochrane2010&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Tacklind J, Fink HA, Macdonald R, Rutks I, Wilt TJ|title=Finasteride for benign prostatic hyperplasia|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=10|pages=CD006015|date=October 2010|pmid=20927745|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006015.pub3}}&lt;/ref&gt; ariko bamwe mu bagabo bagira ikibazo cyo kudakora imibonano mpuzabitsina, [[Indwara y'agahinda|kwiheba]] no [[Gynecomastia|kongera amabere]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Zakhem GA, Goldberg JE, Motosko CC, Cohen BE, Ho RS|title=Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review|journal=J Am Acad Dermatol|volume=81|issue=1|pages=163–172|date=2019-07-01|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043|pmid=30905792}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;2014AArev&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Varothai S, Bergfeld WF|title=Androgenetic alopecia: an evidence-based treatment update|journal=American Journal of Clinical Dermatology|volume=15|issue=3|pages=217–30|date=July 2014|pmid=24848508|doi=10.1007/s40257-014-0077-5}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku bagabo bamwe, imikorere mibi mu mibonano mpuzabitsina ishobora gukomeza nyuma yo guhagarika imiti.&lt;ref name=&quot;Zax2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Zakhem|first=GA|last2=Goldberg|first2=JE|last3=Motosko|first3=CC|last4=Cohen|first4=BE|last5=Ho|first5=RS|title=Sexual dysfunction in men taking systemic dermatologic medication: A systematic review.|journal=Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology|date=July 2019|volume=81|issue=1|pages=163–172|doi=10.1016/j.jaad.2019.03.043|pmid=30905792|quote=In studies addressing reversibility, most of these patients have resolution of sexual adverse effects after discontinuation of finasteride, and many have improvement of adverse effects over time with continued finasteride use. However, some studies CAPSULE SUMMARY d Prescription medications are a common cause of sexual dysfunction. Possible sexual adverse effects should be discussed with men using these medications. d We identified evidence for sexual adverse effects in patients taking 11 systemic dermatologic medications. Level 1 evidence evaluating sexual dysfunction as a primary outcome was available for finasteride.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Tra2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Traish|first=AM|title=Post-finasteride syndrome: a surmountable challenge for clinicians.|journal=Fertility and Sterility|date=January 2020|volume=113|issue=1|pages=21–50|doi=10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.11.030|pmid=32033719}}&lt;/ref&gt; Bishobora kandi kongera ibyago byo kurwara [[kanseri ya prostate]] imwe n'imwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;2014AArev&quot; /&gt; Finasteride ni umuti ubuza 5α-reductase, bityo ukaba urwanya androgen.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ferri|first=Fred F.|title=Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2015 E-Book: 5 Books in 1|date=2014|publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences|isbn=9780323084307|page=580|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA580|language=en|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606214629/https://books.google.com/books?id=icTsAwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA580|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikora mu kugabanya ikorwa rya dihydrotestosterone (DHT) ku kigero cya 70%, harimo no mu gasabo k'inkari no mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2019&quot; /&gt;

Finasteride yahawe uburenganzira bwo gukoresha mu buvuzi mu 1984, yemererwa gukoreshwa mu buvuzi mu 1992.&lt;ref name=&quot;Fis2006&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Fischer|first=Jnos|last2=Ganellin|first2=C. Robin|title=Analogue-based Drug Discovery|date=2006|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=9783527607495|page=483|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA483|language=en|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606214626/https://books.google.com/books?id=FjKfqkaKkAAC&amp;pg=PA483|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;SataloffSclafani2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|first=Robert T|last=Sataloff|first2=Anthony P|last2=Sclafani|title=Sataloff's Comprehensive Textbook of Otolaryngology: Head &amp; Neck Surgery: Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|date=30 November 2015|publisher=JP Medical Ltd|isbn=978-93-5152-459-5|pages=400–|access-date=1 August 2020|archive-date=12 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200112031637/https://books.google.com/books?id=acswCwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA400|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ntabwo bihenze.&lt;ref name=&quot;Hitch2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Hitchings|first=Andrew|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|title=The Top 100 Drugs: Clinical Pharmacology and Practical Prescribing|last2=Lonsdale|first2=Dagan|last3=Burrage|first3=Daniel|last4=Baker|first4=Emma|date=2019|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-7020-7442-4|edition=2nd|pages=24-25|language=en|access-date=9 November 2021|archive-date=22 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210522175005/https://books.google.com/books?id=FPx0DwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ku kwezi mu Bwongereza bitwara NHS amafaranga agera kuri £0.90 ku kwezi guhera mu 2019.&lt;ref name=&quot;BNF76&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|title=British national formulary : BNF 76|date=2018|publisher=Pharmaceutical Press|isbn=9780857113382|pages=769|edition=76}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ikiguzi cy'iyi ngano ni hafi amadolari y'Amerika 2.30.&lt;ref name=&quot;NADAC2019&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=NADAC as of 2019-02-27|url=https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|website=Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services|access-date=3 March 2019|language=en|archive-date=6 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044447/https://data.medicaid.gov/Drug-Pricing-and-Payment/NADAC-as-of-2019-02-27/s7c9-pfa6|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 86 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n’abaganga barenga miliyoni icyenda.&lt;ref name=&quot;ref&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;ref1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Finasteride - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=6 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200206153249/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Finasteride|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>6b11ihxnz4f425k9s8mp0iu8bjj7j17</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lithiyumu (umuti)</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23441</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141514</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:24:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1503097|Lithium_(medication)]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141514</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5197" sha1="djaa3ru1hbg2wgpgqven6cfyb0ml0if" xml:space="preserve">'''Ibinyabutabire bya Lithium''', bizwi kandi ku izina rya '''lithium salts''', bikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'umuti w'indwara zo mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar no kuvura indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba idakira nyuma yo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Muri izi ndwara, bigabanya ibyago byo kwiyahura.&lt;ref name=&quot;2013LiPrevSuicide&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cipriani|first=A|last2=Hawton|first2=K|last3=Stockton|first3=S|last4=Geddes|first4=JR|title=Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=27 June 2013|volume=346|pages=f3646|pmid=23814104|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long|doi=10.1136/bmj.f3646|doi-access=free|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507221354/https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lithium ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kwiyongera kw'inkari, kunyeganyega kw'amaboko, no kwiyongera kw'inyota.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo [[umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], [[Diyabete bita ko yapfubye|diyabete insipidus]], n'uburozi bwa lithium.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Gukurikirana urugero rw'amaraso birasabwa kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amaraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Iyo urugero rw'ibinure rubaye rwinshi cyane, impiswi, kuruka, guhuza imikorere nabi, gusinzira no gucurama mu matwi bishobora kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Iyo ikoreshejwe mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], lithium ishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Bisa nkaho ari byiza kubikoresha mu gihe cyo konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lithium use while Breastfeeding&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|publisher=LactMed|access-date=1 December 2015|date=2015-03-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208194527/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umunyu wa Lithium ushyirwa mu byiciro by’ibintu bigabanya ibyiyumvo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Uburyo lithiyumu ikora ntabwo buzwi neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, lithiyumu yakoreshwaga mu bantu bari bafite indwara ya goutte, igicuri na kanseri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sne2005&quot; /&gt; Ikoreshwa ryayo mu kuvura [[indwara zo mu mutwe]] ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1948 na John Cade wo muri Ositaraliya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sne2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug discovery : a history|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=9780471899792|page=63|edition=Rev. and updated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA63|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908170953/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA63|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ikiguzi cyo kugurisha mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu 2014 cyari hagati {{US$}} {{US$|link=yes}} 0.12 na 0.20 ku munsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium Carbonate|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=481&amp;searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072952/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=481&amp;searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku gipimo gisanzwe, igura hagati {{US$}} {{US$}} na 1.20 ku munsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 180 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni eshatu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lithium|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708061137/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lithium|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>djaa3ru1hbg2wgpgqven6cfyb0ml0if</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141515</id>
      <parentid>141514</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:29:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Lithiyumu_(umuti)</comment>
      <origin>141515</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5264" sha1="f0vwlee64vwopp9jukzirtr75jabp97" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Lithium carbonate ER 300 mg.jpg|thumb|Lithiyumu_(umuti)]]
'''Ibinyabutabire bya Lithium''', bizwi kandi ku izina rya '''lithium salts''', bikoreshwa cyane cyane nk'umuti w'indwara zo mu mutwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium Salts|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|publisher=The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|access-date=Dec 1, 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208101020/http://www.drugs.com/monograph/lithium-salts.html|archive-date=2015-12-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kuvura indwara ya bipolar no kuvura indwara ikomeye yo kwiheba idakira nyuma yo gukoresha imiti igabanya ubukana bw'indwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Muri izi ndwara, bigabanya ibyago byo kwiyahura.&lt;ref name=&quot;2013LiPrevSuicide&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Cipriani|first=A|last2=Hawton|first2=K|last3=Stockton|first3=S|last4=Geddes|first4=JR|title=Lithium in the prevention of suicide in mood disorders: updated systematic review and meta-analysis|journal=BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.)|date=27 June 2013|volume=346|pages=f3646|pmid=23814104|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long|doi=10.1136/bmj.f3646|doi-access=free|access-date=7 May 2018|archive-date=7 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180507221354/https://www.bmj.com/content/346/bmj.f3646.long|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Lithium ifatwa mu kanwa.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Ingaruka mbi zikunze kugaragara zirimo kwiyongera kw'inkari, kunyeganyega kw'amaboko, no kwiyongera kw'inyota.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ingaruka mbi zikomeye zirimo [[umukoresha:Doc James/Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], [[Diyabete bita ko yapfubye|diyabete insipidus]], n'uburozi bwa lithium.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Gukurikirana urugero rw'amaraso birasabwa kugira ngo bigabanye ibyago byo kwangirika kw'amaraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Iyo urugero rw'ibinure rubaye rwinshi cyane, impiswi, kuruka, guhuza imikorere nabi, gusinzira no gucurama mu matwi bishobora kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Iyo ikoreshejwe mu gihe cyo [[Imihango y'umugore utwite|gutwita]], lithium ishobora guteza ibibazo ku mwana.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Bisa nkaho ari byiza kubikoresha mu gihe cyo konsa.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lithium use while Breastfeeding&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium use while Breastfeeding|url=https://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|publisher=LactMed|access-date=1 December 2015|date=2015-03-10|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208194527/http://www.drugs.com/breastfeeding/lithium.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umunyu wa Lithium ushyirwa mu byiciro by’ibintu bigabanya ibyiyumvo.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Uburyo lithiyumu ikora ntabwo buzwi neza.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt;

Mu kinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, lithiyumu yakoreshwaga mu bantu bari bafite indwara ya goutte, igicuri na kanseri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sne2005&quot; /&gt; Ikoreshwa ryayo mu kuvura [[indwara zo mu mutwe]] ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu 1948 na John Cade wo muri Ositaraliya.&lt;ref name=&quot;Sne2005&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|last=Sneader|first=Walter|title=Drug discovery : a history|date=2005|publisher=Wiley|location=Chichester|isbn=9780471899792|page=63|edition=Rev. and updated|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA63|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908170953/https://books.google.com/books?id=Cb6BOkj9fK4C&amp;pg=PA63|archive-date=2017-09-08}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iri ku rutonde rw'imiti y'ingenzi y'Umuryango w'Abibumbye wita ku Buzima.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO21st&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|title=World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019|year=2019|hdl=10665/325771|author-link=World Health Organization|publisher=World Health Organization|location=Geneva|id=WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO|hdl-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; Iraboneka nk'umuti usanzwe.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Ikiguzi cyo kugurisha mu bihugu biri mu nzira y'amajyambere mu 2014 cyari hagati {{US$}} {{US$|link=yes}} 0.12 na 0.20 ku munsi.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium Carbonate|url=http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=481&amp;searchYear=2014|website=International Drug Price Indicator Guide|access-date=1 December 2015|archive-date=22 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180122072952/http://mshpriceguide.org/en/single-drug-information/?DMFId=481&amp;searchYear=2014|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ku gipimo gisanzwe, igura hagati {{US$}} {{US$}} na 1.20 ku munsi.&lt;ref name=&quot;AHFS2015&quot; /&gt; Mu 2017, wari umuti wa 180 ukunze kwandikirwa muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho wanditswe n'abaganga barenga miliyoni eshatu.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=The Top 300 of 2020|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|website=ClinCalc|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=12 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212142534/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Lithium - Drug Usage Statistics|website=ClinCalc|url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lithium|access-date=11 April 2020|archive-date=8 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200708061137/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Lithium|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>f0vwlee64vwopp9jukzirtr75jabp97</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ubwivu bw'imitsi yo mu mpande</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23442</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141516</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:33:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1504259|Peripheral_neuropathy]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141516</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5787" sha1="rkhwjwbcindv9e3qae8g6ui96kb9tgk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Peripheral neuropathy|synonym=|image=Vasculitic neuropathy - plastics - intermed mag.jpg|image_size=|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=[[Micrograph]] showing a [[vasculitis|vasculitic]] peripheral neuropathy; [[Histology#Alternative techniques|plastic embedded]]; [[Toluidine blue|Toluidine blue stain]]|pronounce=|field=[[Neurology]]|symptoms='''Sensory''': Numbness, [[neuropathic pain]], poor balance&lt;ref name=NIH2023/&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''Motor''': Muscle weakness, [[fasciculation|twitching]], [[muscle atrophy|muscle shinking]]&lt;ref name=NIH2023/&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''Autonomic''': Trouble with heat, [[excess sweating]], trouble swallowing&lt;ref name=NIH2023/&gt;|complications=|onset=|duration=|types=Predominantly sensory, predominantly motor, sensory-motor, and [[autonomic neuropathy]]&lt;ref name=NIH2023/&gt;|causes=[[Diabetic neuropathy]], [[alcoholic neuropathy]], [[Guillain–Barré syndrome|Guillain-Barré syndrome]], [[carpal tunnel syndrome]], [[meralgia paresthetica]], [[complex regional pain syndrome]], injury, poor blood flow, [[autoimmune]], kidney or liver problems, [[vitamin B12 deficiency]], [[paraneoplastic syndromes]], certain medications including [[chemotherapy]], [[genetic disorder|genetics]], [[shingles]], [[Lyme disease]], [[HIV/AIDS]], unclear&lt;ref name=NIH2023/&gt;&lt;ref name=AFP2020/&gt;|risks=|diagnosis=Based on symptoms, [[physical examination|examination]], and blood tests&lt;ref name=NIH2023/&gt;|differential=|prevention=|treatment=Based on underlying cause, [[nortriptyline]], [[duloxetine]], [[gabapentin]]&lt;ref name=NIH2023/&gt;|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=1 to 7% of people&lt;ref name=AFP2020/&gt;|deaths=|named after=}}'''Indwara ya peripheral neuropathy''', rimwe na rimwe ikaba '''iy’imitsi''', ni ukwangiza imitsi yo mu mpande, bivuze imitsi ihuza [[ubwonko]] n’umugongo n’igice cyose cy’umubiri.  Ibimenyetso biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imitsi igize ikibazo.&lt;ref name=NIH2023&gt;{{cite web |title=Peripheral Neuropathy |url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy |website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |access-date=23 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826074630/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826074630/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy |date=26 August 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bishobora kuba birimo intege nke z'imitsi, guhindagura, cyangwa gushyuha ; kugira ibinya, ububabare bw'imitsi, cyangwa kuringaniza nabi; cyangwa kugira ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe, ibyuya byinshi, cyangwa ingorane zo kumira.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Gutangira bishobora kuba mu minsi cyangwa imyaka.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Akenshi bitangirira ku maguru yo hasi n'amaboko.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Castelli|first=G|last2=Desai|first2=KM|last3=Cantone|first3=RE|title=Peripheral Neuropathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis.|journal=American family physician|date=15 December 2020|volume=102|issue=12|pages=732-739|pmid=33320513}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ubwoko busanzwe burimo indwara ya diyabete, indwara ya alcoholic neuropathy, [[indwara ya Guillain-Barré]], indwara ya carpal tunnel syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, na complex regional pain syndrome.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Izindi mpamvu zirimo imvune, amaraso adatembera neza, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa umwijima, kubura vitamine B12, [[Vitamini B6|kubura vitamine B6]], indwara za paraneoplastic, imiti imwe n'imwe irimo chimiotherapie, genetics, shingles, [[indwara ya Lyme]], na VIH/SIDA ; nubwo impamvu ishobora kuba idasobanutse neza.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'isuzuma.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Gupima amaraso muri rusange bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe diyabete, vitamine, umwijima, tiroyide n'imikorere y'impyiko; mu gihe gupima poroteyine zidasanzwe nabyo bishobora gukorwa.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo umuvuduko wo kohereza imitsi, electromyography, cyangwa biopsy y'imitsi.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;

Iyo impamvu nyamukuru ishobora gukemurwa, gukira bishobora kubaho uko igihe kigenda gihita.  Izindi ngamba zishobora gufasha zirimo kureka kunywa itabi, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kugenzura isukari mu maraso.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zishobora koroherwa n’imiti nka prednisone, cyclosporine, cyangwa azathioprine.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Plasmapheresis bishobora no gufasha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Imiti yo kugabanya ububabare ishobora kuba ikubiyemo nortriptyline, duloxetine, cyangwa [[gabapentin]].&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko ifata abantu bagera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 7%.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Ibi birimo abantu bagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwayi ba diyabete.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Birushaho kugaragara iyo umuntu amaze imyaka 50.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Ibisobanuro bisobanutse neza by’iyi ndwara byanditswe na Joseph Jules Dejerine kuva mu 1880.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ouvrier|first=Robert A.|last2=Ouvrier|first2=Robert|last3=Mcleod|first3=J. G.|last4=Pollard|first4=J. D.|title=Peripheral Neuropathy in Childhood|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-898683-17-9|chapter=1. Historical perspective: overview of paediatric aspects of the neuropathies|page=1|chapter-url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=dOeLTJ-_60oC&amp;pg=PA1|access-date=23 September 2023|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020150324/https://books.google.ca/books?id=dOeLTJ-_60oC&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>rkhwjwbcindv9e3qae8g6ui96kb9tgk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141517</id>
      <parentid>141516</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:36:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ubwivu bw'imitsi yo mu mpande</comment>
      <origin>141517</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4236" sha1="7ebd18ge65h87aoc4ltuzxx307yiv8o" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Patient with Giant Axonal Neuropathy (MRI).webp|thumb|Ubwivu bw'imitsi yo mu mpande]]
'''Indwara ya peripheral neuropathy''', rimwe na rimwe ikaba '''iy’imitsi''', ni ukwangiza imitsi yo mu mpande, bivuze imitsi ihuza [[ubwonko]] n’umugongo n’igice cyose cy’umubiri.  Ibimenyetso biterwa n'ubwoko bw'imitsi igize ikibazo.&lt;ref name=NIH2023&gt;{{cite web |title=Peripheral Neuropathy |url=https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy |website=National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke |access-date=23 September 2023 |language=en |archive-date=26 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826074630/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy |url-status=live }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230826074630/https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/peripheral-neuropathy |date=26 August 2023 }}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibi bishobora kuba birimo intege nke z'imitsi, guhindagura, cyangwa gushyuha ; kugira ibinya, ububabare bw'imitsi, cyangwa kuringaniza nabi; cyangwa kugira ikibazo cy'ubushyuhe, ibyuya byinshi, cyangwa ingorane zo kumira.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Gutangira bishobora kuba mu minsi cyangwa imyaka.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Akenshi bitangirira ku maguru yo hasi n'amaboko.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Castelli|first=G|last2=Desai|first2=KM|last3=Cantone|first3=RE|title=Peripheral Neuropathy: Evaluation and Differential Diagnosis.|journal=American family physician|date=15 December 2020|volume=102|issue=12|pages=732-739|pmid=33320513}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Ubwoko busanzwe burimo indwara ya diyabete, indwara ya alcoholic neuropathy, [[indwara ya Guillain-Barré]], indwara ya carpal tunnel syndrome, meralgia paresthetica, na complex regional pain syndrome.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Izindi mpamvu zirimo imvune, amaraso adatembera neza, ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri, ibibazo by'impyiko cyangwa umwijima, kubura vitamine B12, [[Vitamini B6|kubura vitamine B6]], indwara za paraneoplastic, imiti imwe n'imwe irimo chimiotherapie, genetics, shingles, [[indwara ya Lyme]], na VIH/SIDA ; nubwo impamvu ishobora kuba idasobanutse neza.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Gusuzuma indwara bishingiye ku bimenyetso n'isuzuma.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Gupima amaraso muri rusange bikorwa kugira ngo harebwe diyabete, vitamine, umwijima, tiroyide n'imikorere y'impyiko; mu gihe gupima poroteyine zidasanzwe nabyo bishobora gukorwa.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Ibindi bizamini bishobora kuba birimo umuvuduko wo kohereza imitsi, electromyography, cyangwa biopsy y'imitsi.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;

Iyo impamvu nyamukuru ishobora gukemurwa, gukira bishobora kubaho uko igihe kigenda gihita.  Izindi ngamba zishobora gufasha zirimo kureka kunywa itabi, gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri, no kugenzura isukari mu maraso.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Indwara z’ubudahangarwa bw’umubiri zishobora koroherwa n’imiti nka prednisone, cyclosporine, cyangwa azathioprine.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Plasmapheresis bishobora no gufasha mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt; Imiti yo kugabanya ububabare ishobora kuba ikubiyemo nortriptyline, duloxetine, cyangwa [[gabapentin]].&lt;ref name=NIH2023 /&gt;

Indwara y'imitsi yo mu bwonko ifata abantu bagera kuri 1 kugeza kuri 7%.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Ibi birimo abantu bagera kuri kimwe cya kabiri cy'abarwayi ba diyabete.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Birushaho kugaragara iyo umuntu amaze imyaka 50.&lt;ref name=&quot;AFP2020&quot; /&gt; Ibisobanuro bisobanutse neza by’iyi ndwara byanditswe na Joseph Jules Dejerine kuva mu 1880.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Ouvrier|first=Robert A.|last2=Ouvrier|first2=Robert|last3=Mcleod|first3=J. G.|last4=Pollard|first4=J. D.|title=Peripheral Neuropathy in Childhood|date=1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-898683-17-9|chapter=1. Historical perspective: overview of paediatric aspects of the neuropathies|page=1|chapter-url=https://books.google.ca/books?id=dOeLTJ-_60oC&amp;pg=PA1|access-date=23 September 2023|language=en|archive-date=20 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231020150324/https://books.google.ca/books?id=dOeLTJ-_60oC&amp;pg=PA1#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>7ebd18ge65h87aoc4ltuzxx307yiv8o</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ubwoko 1 bwa diyabete</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23443</id>
    <revision>
      <id>141518</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:37:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created by translating the page [[:mdwiki:Special:Redirect/revision/1474378|Type_1_diabetes]] to:rw #mdwikicx</comment>
      <origin>141518</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8687" sha1="8y0kuwngxh6ly099ay11bnsydy1tkd2" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox medical condition|name=Type 1 diabetes|synonym=Diabetes mellitus type 1, insulin-dependent diabetes,&lt;ref name=NIH2014Cau/&gt; juvenile diabetes&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt;|image=Blue circle for diabetes.svg|image_size=280px|image_thumbtime=|alt=|caption=A blue circle, the symbol for diabetes.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Diabetes Blue Circle Symbol|url=http://www.diabetesbluecircle.org|date=17 March 2006|publisher=International Diabetes Federation|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070805042346/http://www.diabetesbluecircle.org/|archive-date=5 August 2007|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;|pronounce={{IPAc-en|d|aɪ|ə|b|iː|t|ə|s}}|field=[[Endocrinology]]|symptoms=[[polyuria|Frequent urination]], [[polydipsia|increased thirst]], [[polyphagia|increased hunger]], weight loss&lt;ref name=WHO2016/&gt;|complications=[[Diabetic ketoacidosis]], [[nonketotic hyperosmolar coma]], poor healing, [[cardiovascular disease]], [[diabetic retinopathy|damage to the eyes]]&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt;&lt;ref name=WHO2016/&gt;&lt;ref name=Change2014/&gt;|onset=Relatively short period of time&lt;ref name=NIH2014Cau/&gt;|duration=Long term&lt;ref name=WHO2016/&gt;|types=|causes=Body does not produce enough [[insulin]]&lt;ref name=WHO2016/&gt;|risks=Family history, [[celiac disease]]&lt;ref name=Change2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=ElfstromSundstrom2014&gt;{{cite journal | vauthors = Elfström P, Sundström J, Ludvigsson JF | title = Systematic review with meta-analysis: associations between coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes | journal = Alimentary Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics | volume = 40 | issue = 10 | pages = 1123–32 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25270960 | doi = 10.1111/apt.12973 | df = dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;|diagnosis=Blood sugar, [[glycated hemoglobin|A1C]]&lt;ref name=Change2014/&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2015Diag/&gt;|differential=|prevention=Unknown&lt;ref name=WHO2016/&gt;|treatment=[[Insulin]], [[diabetic diet]], exercise&lt;ref name=NIH2014Cau/&gt;&lt;ref name=NIH2014Type/&gt;|medication=|prognosis=|frequency=~7.5% of diabetes cases&lt;ref name=Lancet06/&gt;|deaths=|video1=|named after=|calculator={{Blood sugar conversion}}}}'''Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1''' ( '''T1D''' ), yari izwi mbere nka '''diyabete y’abana''', ni ubwoko bwa diyabete aho insuline nke cyane ikorwa na pancreas cyangwa nta na imwe ibaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/|website=WHO|access-date=29 May 2017|date=November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/|archive-date=26 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulini ni imisemburo ikenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukoreshe isukari mu maraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Types of Diabetes|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types|archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbere yo kuvurwa ibi bitera isukari nyinshi mu maraso mu mubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Causes of Diabetes|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes|archive-date=10 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ni ukwihagarika kenshi, inyota nyinshi, inzara nyinshi, no kugabanya ibiro.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kutabona neza, umunaniro, no kudakira neza kw'ibikomere.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu gihe gito.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt;

Impamvu ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ntabwo izwi,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite iyo ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL|title=Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association|journal=Diabetes Care|volume=37|issue=7|pages=2034–54|date=July 2014|pmid=24935775|pmc=5865481|doi=10.2337/dc14-1140}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo gusenya uturemangingo twa beta dukora insuline muri pancreas.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot; /&gt; Diyabete ipimwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry’urugero rw’isukari cyangwa hemoglobine ya glycated (HbA1C) mu maraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2015Diag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185123/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes|archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ishobora gutandukanywa n'iya 2 binyuze mu gupima niba hari uturemangingo tw’umubiri twitwa autoantibodies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;

Nta buryo buzwi bwo kwirinda diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Kuvura hakoreshejwe insuline birakenewe kugira ngo umuntu akomeze kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt; Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bwa insuline butangwa hakoreshejwe inshinge munsi y'uruhu ariko bushobora no gutangwa hakoreshejwe pompe ya insuline.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Devices for Taking Insulin|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816170132/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin|archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indyo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri bya diyabete ni bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu micungire.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot; /&gt; Iyo idavuwe, diyabete ishobora guteza ingorane nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Ingorane zo gutangira vuba zirimo ketoacidosis ya diyabete na hyperosmolar koma itari iy’umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt; Ingorane z'igihe kirekire zirimo indwara z'umutima, gucika imitsi mu bwonko, impyiko kunanirwa, ibisebe by'ibirenge no kwangirika kw'amaso.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Byongeye kandi, ingorane zishobora guterwa [[Isukari nke mu maraso|n’isukari nke mu maraso]] iterwa no gupima insuline cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;

Ubwoko&amp;nbsp;Diyabete imwe igize 5–10% by'abarwayi bose ba diyabete.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet06&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Daneman D|title=Type 1 diabetes|journal=Lancet|volume=367|issue=9513|pages=847–58|date=March 2006|pmid=16530579|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68341-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umubare w'abantu bibasiwe ku isi ntuzwi, nubwo bivugwa ko abana bagera ku 80.000 barwara iyi ndwara buri mwaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umubare w'abantu bagizweho ingaruka ubarirwa muri miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri eshatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fast Facts Data and Statistics about Diabetes|url=http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777|publisher=American Diabetes Association|access-date=25 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216001425/http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777|archive-date=16 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igipimo cy'indwara kiratandukanye cyane aho umuntu umwe mushya kuri 100.000 buri mwaka muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba na Amerika y'Epfo n'abantu bashya bagera kuri 30 kuri 100.000 buri mwaka muri Scandinavie na [[Koweti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Global report on diabetes|date=2016|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-4-156525-7|pages=26–27|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1|access-date=31 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007002653/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=7 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Skyler|first=Jay|title=Atlas of diabetes|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4614-1028-7|pages=67–68|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155611/https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe bitangirira ku bana no ku bantu bakuru bakiri bato.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>8y0kuwngxh6ly099ay11bnsydy1tkd2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>141519</id>
      <parentid>141518</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-11T21:51:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Stevenndori289</username>
        <id>10902</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Ubwoko_1_bwa diyabete</comment>
      <origin>141519</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6710" sha1="rwwmphnuehao2d9fyk317qzfocxtln9" xml:space="preserve">[[Dosiye:Blausen 0308 Diabetes Type1.png|thumb|Ubwoko_1_bwa diyabete]]
'''Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1''' ( '''T1D''' ), yari izwi mbere nka '''diyabete y’abana''', ni ubwoko bwa diyabete aho insuline nke cyane ikorwa na pancreas cyangwa nta na imwe ibaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diabetes Fact sheet N°312|url=http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/|website=WHO|access-date=29 May 2017|date=November 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130826174444/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs312/en/|archive-date=26 August 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; Insulini ni imisemburo ikenewe kugira ngo umubiri ukoreshe isukari mu maraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Types of Diabetes|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=February 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816162556/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/types|archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Mbere yo kuvurwa ibi bitera isukari nyinshi mu maraso mu mubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Causes of Diabetes|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=August 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810063435/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/causes|archive-date=10 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ibimenyetso bisanzwe ni ukwihagarika kenshi, inyota nyinshi, inzara nyinshi, no kugabanya ibiro.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Ibindi bimenyetso bishobora kuba birimo kutabona neza, umunaniro, no kudakira neza kw'ibikomere.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot; /&gt; Ibimenyetso bikunze kugaragara mu gihe gito.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt;

Impamvu ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ntabwo izwi,&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; ariko bikekwa ko iterwa n’uruvange rw’ibintu bigize imiterere y’umubiri n’ibidukikije.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt; Ibintu bishobora gutera ibyago birimo kugira umuntu wo mu muryango ufite iyo ndwara.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Chiang JL, Kirkman MS, Laffel LM, Peters AL|title=Type 1 diabetes through the life span: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association|journal=Diabetes Care|volume=37|issue=7|pages=2034–54|date=July 2014|pmid=24935775|pmc=5865481|doi=10.2337/dc14-1140}}&lt;/ref&gt; Uburyo bw'ibanze bukubiyemo gusenya uturemangingo twa beta dukora insuline muri pancreas.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot; /&gt; Diyabete ipimwa hakoreshejwe isuzuma ry’urugero rw’isukari cyangwa hemoglobine ya glycated (HbA1C) mu maraso.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2015Diag&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Diagnosis of Diabetes and Prediabetes|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=May 2015|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185123/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/diagnosis-diabetes-prediabetes|archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1 ishobora gutandukanywa n'iya 2 binyuze mu gupima niba hari uturemangingo tw’umubiri twitwa autoantibodies.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;

Nta buryo buzwi bwo kwirinda diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa 1.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Kuvura hakoreshejwe insuline birakenewe kugira ngo umuntu akomeze kubaho.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt; Ubusanzwe ubuvuzi bwa insuline butangwa hakoreshejwe inshinge munsi y'uruhu ariko bushobora no gutangwa hakoreshejwe pompe ya insuline.&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Alternative Devices for Taking Insulin|url=https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin|website=NIDDK|access-date=31 July 2016|date=July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816170132/https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/manage-monitoring-diabetes/alternative-devices-taking-insulin|archive-date=16 August 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; Indyo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri bya diyabete ni bimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi mu micungire.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Type&quot; /&gt; Iyo idavuwe, diyabete ishobora guteza ingorane nyinshi.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Ingorane zo gutangira vuba zirimo ketoacidosis ya diyabete na hyperosmolar koma itari iy’umubiri.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt; Ingorane z'igihe kirekire zirimo indwara z'umutima, gucika imitsi mu bwonko, impyiko kunanirwa, ibisebe by'ibirenge no kwangirika kw'amaso.&lt;ref name=&quot;WHO2016&quot; /&gt; Byongeye kandi, ingorane zishobora guterwa [[Isukari nke mu maraso|n’isukari nke mu maraso]] iterwa no gupima insuline cyane.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;

Ubwoko&amp;nbsp;Diyabete imwe igize 5–10% by'abarwayi bose ba diyabete.&lt;ref name=&quot;Lancet06&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|vauthors=Daneman D|title=Type 1 diabetes|journal=Lancet|volume=367|issue=9513|pages=847–58|date=March 2006|pmid=16530579|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68341-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; Umubare w'abantu bibasiwe ku isi ntuzwi, nubwo bivugwa ko abana bagera ku 80.000 barwara iyi ndwara buri mwaka.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt; Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, umubare w'abantu bagizweho ingaruka ubarirwa muri miliyoni imwe kugeza kuri eshatu.&lt;ref name=&quot;Change2014&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Fast Facts Data and Statistics about Diabetes|url=http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777|publisher=American Diabetes Association|access-date=25 July 2014|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151216001425/http://professional.diabetes.org/ResourcesForProfessionals.aspx?cid=91777|archive-date=16 December 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; Igipimo cy'indwara kiratandukanye cyane aho umuntu umwe mushya kuri 100.000 buri mwaka muri Aziya y'Iburasirazuba na Amerika y'Epfo n'abantu bashya bagera kuri 30 kuri 100.000 buri mwaka muri Scandinavie na [[Koweti]].&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Global report on diabetes|date=2016|publisher=World Health Organization|isbn=978-92-4-156525-7|pages=26–27|url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1|access-date=31 July 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161007002653/http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/204871/1/9789241565257_eng.pdf?ua=1|archive-date=7 October 2016|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Skyler|first=Jay|title=Atlas of diabetes|date=2012|publisher=Springer|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4614-1028-7|pages=67–68|edition=4th|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170908155611/https://books.google.com/books?id=5n-RhyGrrpcC&amp;pg=PA68|archive-date=8 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; Ubusanzwe bitangirira ku bana no ku bantu bakuru bakiri bato.&lt;ref name=&quot;NIH2014Cau&quot; /&gt;

== Iriburiro ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Ikiciro:Translated from MDWiki]]</text>
      <sha1>rwwmphnuehao2d9fyk317qzfocxtln9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>