ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ

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    <title>ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ</title>
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| birth_name = 
| name = ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ
| image = Hemant Soren.jpg
| office = ᱕ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]]
| term_start = ᱑᱓ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱓
| term_end = ᱒᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔
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| successor = [[ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱵᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱥ]]
| office1 = ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ, [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]
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| birth_place = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱮᱢᱨᱟ]], [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;br/&gt;(ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]])
| religion = [[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]
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'''ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ: ᱑᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱗᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱕ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (᱑᱓ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ - ᱒᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hemant-Soren-becomes-Jharkhand-CM-heads-9th-government-in-13-years/articleshow/21051174.cms|title=Hemant Soren becomes Jharkhand CM, heads 9th government in 13 years - The Times of India|work=[[India Times]]|year=2013|quote=JMM leader Hemant Soren, son of party chief Shibu Soren, was on Saturday sworn in as the new chief minister of Jharkhand|accessdate=14 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hemant-soren-ninth-cm-of-jharkhand/article4911398.ece|title=Hemant Soren, ninth CM of Jharkhand|work=ᱫᱟ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ|year=2013|quote=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha MLA Hemant Soren was sworn in as Jharkhand’s ninth Chief Minister|accessdate=14 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;chief ministership&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=DNAInida|title=Hemant Soren to be sworn-in Jharkhand chief minister on Saturday|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1859959/report-hemant-soren-to-be-sworn-in-jharkhand-chief-minister-on-saturday|accessdate=11 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ (ᱡᱢᱢ)]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ JMM ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ (backgrounds) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ (MLA) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱡᱮᱵᱰ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟᱣ (Election) ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ JMM ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱢᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/829871/why-dalit-and-adivasi-political-dynasties-lag-behind-those-of-forward-and-even-backward-castes|title=Why Dalit and Adivasi political dynasties lag behind those of forward (and even backward) castes|first=Ajaz|last=Ashraf|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱡᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱢᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱣᱮᱵᱥᱟᱤᱴ ᱞᱳᱸᱪ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.avenuemail.in/ranchi/need-keep-pace-changing-times-hemant-soren/58203/|title=Need to keep pace with changing times: Hemant Soren|date=10 September 2014|publisher=|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713041750/https://www.avenuemail.in/ranchi/need-keep-pace-changing-times-hemant-soren/58203/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]], ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱮᱦᱚᱱᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱴᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, [[ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[http://prdjharkhand.in/cm.php ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱵᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱥ] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20140218124834/http://prdjharkhand.in/cm.php |date=2014-02-18 }} ᱑᱘ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱵᱤᱴ, ᱦᱮᱦᱚᱱᱛ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱤᱹᱟᱭᱤᱹᱴᱤᱹ ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱟ''', ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ '''ᱢᱮᱠᱮᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝᱜ''' ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.samachar.com/Team-Hemant-on-shaky-ground-nhmdLegffib.html |title=Team Hemant on shaky ground: Many cases against Cabinet hopefuls |accessdate=18 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222175228/http://www.samachar.com/Team-Hemant-on-shaky-ground-nhmdLegffib.html |archivedate=22 February 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/07/meet-hemant-soren-the-new-cma/ Meet Hemant Soren, the new Chief Minister of Jharkhand]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 13 July 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ==
ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱮ ᱫᱚᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ '''ᱯᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ-ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ (ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ) ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱡᱽᱨᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱤᱛᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://santalinews.com/%e1%b1%a1%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9f%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a0%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b8%e1%b1%b0-%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%b1-%e1%b1%a5%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%9f-%e1%b1%a2%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b1%e1%b1%9b%e1%b1%a8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-05-30 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621171252/https://santalinews.com/%e1%b1%a1%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9f%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a0%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b8%e1%b1%b0-%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%b1-%e1%b1%a5%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%9f-%e1%b1%a2%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b1%e1%b1%9b%e1%b1%a8/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

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| state= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
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{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
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| years= [[᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱙]]–᱒᱐᱒᱐ }}
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{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
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| after= 
| years= [[᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱔]]– }}
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{{s-ppo}}
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{{s-ttl|title=President&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]|years=᱒᱐᱑᱓– }}
{{s-aft|after= Incumbent}}
{{s-end}}
}} 
{{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ, ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱐᱙–᱒᱐᱑᱔]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱔–᱒᱐᱑᱙]]</text>
      <sha1>9hzni41p79zd47qlgndrxuhys7fdftv</sha1>
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        <id>1894</id>
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      <comment>/* ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ */</comment>
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      <text bytes="13304" sha1="r1qkuwxyjro5bhlqcj60uf6xyzsu2sh" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox officeholder
| birth_name = 
| name = ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ
| image = Hemant Soren.jpg
| office = ᱕ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]]
| term_start = ᱑᱓ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱓
| term_end = ᱒᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔
| predecessor = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ
| successor = [[ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱵᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱥ]]
| office1 = ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ, [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]
| term_start1 = ᱑᱓ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱓
| term_end1 = Present 
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1975|8|10|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱮᱢᱨᱟ]], [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]&lt;br/&gt;(ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]])
| religion = [[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]
| website = 
}}
'''ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ: ᱑᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱗᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱑᱑ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱕ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (᱑᱓ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ - ᱒᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱔) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url= http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Hemant-Soren-becomes-Jharkhand-CM-heads-9th-government-in-13-years/articleshow/21051174.cms|title=Hemant Soren becomes Jharkhand CM, heads 9th government in 13 years - The Times of India|work=[[India Times]]|year=2013|quote=JMM leader Hemant Soren, son of party chief Shibu Soren, was on Saturday sworn in as the new chief minister of Jharkhand|accessdate=14 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/hemant-soren-ninth-cm-of-jharkhand/article4911398.ece|title=Hemant Soren, ninth CM of Jharkhand|work=ᱫᱟ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ|year=2013|quote=Jharkhand Mukti Morcha MLA Hemant Soren was sworn in as Jharkhand’s ninth Chief Minister|accessdate=14 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;chief ministership&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=DNAInida|title=Hemant Soren to be sworn-in Jharkhand chief minister on Saturday|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/1859959/report-hemant-soren-to-be-sworn-in-jharkhand-chief-minister-on-saturday|accessdate=11 July 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱱᱟ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ (ᱡᱢᱢ)]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ JMM ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ (backgrounds) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ (MLA) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱡᱮᱵᱰ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟᱣ (Election) ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ JMM ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱮᱠᱴ ᱢᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://scroll.in/article/829871/why-dalit-and-adivasi-political-dynasties-lag-behind-those-of-forward-and-even-backward-castes|title=Why Dalit and Adivasi political dynasties lag behind those of forward (and even backward) castes|first=Ajaz|last=Ashraf|publisher=}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞᱡᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱥ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱢᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱣᱮᱵᱥᱟᱤᱴ ᱞᱳᱸᱪ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.avenuemail.in/ranchi/need-keep-pace-changing-times-hemant-soren/58203/|title=Need to keep pace with changing times: Hemant Soren|date=10 September 2014|publisher=|access-date=13 July 2019|archive-date=13 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190713041750/https://www.avenuemail.in/ranchi/need-keep-pace-changing-times-hemant-soren/58203/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]], ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱮᱦᱚᱱᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱴᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, [[ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾[http://prdjharkhand.in/cm.php ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱵᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱥ] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20140218124834/http://prdjharkhand.in/cm.php |date=2014-02-18 }} ᱑᱘ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱷᱤᱰᱮᱵᱤᱴ, ᱦᱮᱦᱚᱱᱛ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱤᱹᱟᱭᱤᱹᱴᱤᱹ ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱟ''', ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮ '''ᱢᱮᱠᱮᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝᱜ''' ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=http://www.samachar.com/Team-Hemant-on-shaky-ground-nhmdLegffib.html |title=Team Hemant on shaky ground: Many cases against Cabinet hopefuls |accessdate=18 February 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222175228/http://www.samachar.com/Team-Hemant-on-shaky-ground-nhmdLegffib.html |archivedate=22 February 2014 |deadurl=yes |df= }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://news.biharprabha.com/2013/07/meet-hemant-soren-the-new-cma/ Meet Hemant Soren, the new Chief Minister of Jharkhand]{{Dead link|date=March 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 13 July 2013. Retrieved 18 February 2014.&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ==
ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱮ ᱫᱚᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱦᱤᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱮᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ '''ᱯᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱕᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ-ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ (ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ) ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱡᱽᱨᱤᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱤᱛᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://santalinews.com/%e1%b1%a1%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9f%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a0%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b8%e1%b1%b0-%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%b1-%e1%b1%a5%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%9f-%e1%b1%a2%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b1%e1%b1%9b%e1%b1%a8/ |title=Archive copy |access-date=2020-05-30 |archive-date=2020-06-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200621171252/https://santalinews.com/%e1%b1%a1%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9f%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a0%e1%b1%b7%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b8%e1%b1%b0-%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%b1-%e1%b1%a5%e1%b1%a4%e1%b1%a8%e1%b1%9f-%e1%b1%a2%e1%b1%9a%e1%b1%b1%e1%b1%9b%e1%b1%a8/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

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{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| constituency= ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ
| before=[[ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱯᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ]]
| after= [[ᱞᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ]]
| years= [[᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱐᱙]]–[[᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱔]] }}
{{s-break}} 
{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| constituency= ᱝᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ
| before= [[ᱞᱩᱭᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱰᱤ]]
| after= ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱸᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ
| years= [[᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱙]]–᱒᱐᱒᱐ }}
{{s-break}}
{{IN Assembly succession box
| state= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| constituency= ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮᱛ
| before= [[ᱦᱮᱢᱞᱟᱞ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ]]
| after= 
| years= [[᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱑᱔]]– }}
{{s-break}}
{{s-ppo}}
{{s-bef|before=[[ᱥᱤᱵᱩ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=President&lt;br /&gt;[[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]|years=᱒᱐᱑᱓– }}
{{s-aft|after= Incumbent}}
{{s-end}}
}} 
{{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ, ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱐᱙–᱒᱐᱑᱔]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱔–᱒᱐᱑᱙]]</text>
      <sha1>r1qkuwxyjro5bhlqcj60uf6xyzsu2sh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>23162</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192038</id>
      <parentid>159032</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:14:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
      <origin>159032</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18532" sha1="tjgrdndxi9n9u4pbs660ejsx5vn8dgr" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ
|other_name             =
|native_name            = 
|native_name_lang       =  
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
|motto                  =
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = 
|image_flag             = 
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = 
|seal_size              =
|image_map              = File:Jamuria in Paschim Bardhaman (West Bengal).svg
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
|pushpin_map            = 
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_map_caption    =
|subdivision_type       = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] 
|subdivision_name1      = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ 
|subdivision_name3      = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
|subdivision_type4      = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
|subdivision_name4      = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|established_title      =  
|established_date       = 
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref              = Imperial 
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2         = 158.10
|area_land_km2          = 
|population_as_of       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
|population_footnotes   =
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 123,17
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] 
|utc_offset             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
|coordinates            = {{coord|23|40|26|N|87|08|24|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    = 
|elevation_m            = 133
|elevation_ft           = 
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code            = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱗᱘ (ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ)&lt;br/&gt; ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱔᱒ (ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ)&lt;br/&gt; ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱖᱒ (ᱴᱳᱯᱳᱥᱤ)&lt;br/&gt; ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱖᱘ (ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ)
|area_code_type         = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/STD ᱠᱳᱰ
|area_code              = ᱐᱓᱔᱑ 
|registration_plate     = WB-37, WB-38, WB-41, WB-42, WB-44 
|blank_name             = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ
|blank_info             = ᱖᱙.᱔᱒%
|website                = http://bardhaman.gov.in/
|footnotes              = 
}}
'''ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== 
ᱵᱟᱦᱞᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ, {{coord|23.6739661|N|87.1401215|E|format=dms|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
[[File:Map of Paschim Bardhaman district.jpg|600px|thumb|center|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ]]
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱟᱠᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱨᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱨᱟᱥᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱚᱲᱵᱮᱛᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html |title = Tehsil Map of Barddhaman |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 23 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱘.᱑᱐&amp;nbsp;ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ&lt;sup&gt;᱒&lt;/sup&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ, ᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ, ᱙᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ (ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ), ᱔᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱣᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ#ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php  |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan  |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2  |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  |access-date = 22 January 2017  |url-status = dead  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php  |archive-date = 29 July 2017  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ/ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ : ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱰᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱤᱡᱚᱞᱜᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ, ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱᱴᱳᱨ, ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱭᱟᱢᱚᱞᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱯᱥᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =  http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal  |work = Bardhaman - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ==
===ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ===
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱓,᱑᱗᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱕,᱑᱔᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘,᱐᱓᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱖᱔,᱕᱗᱘ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱘,᱕᱙᱘ (᱔᱗%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐-᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱑᱕,᱑᱔᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱗,᱗᱙᱓ (᱓᱐.᱖᱘%) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐,᱒᱗᱒ (᱘.᱓᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 16 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱟᱨᱟ (᱕,᱑᱒᱗), ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ (᱔,᱓᱒᱙), ᱱᱤᱢᱥᱟ (᱓,᱕᱔᱙), ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱖,᱖᱑᱗), ᱠᱮᱸᱰᱟ (᱑᱕,᱗᱓᱑), ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱘,᱘᱙᱔) ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱠᱷᱳᱴᱴᱚᱢᱚᱰᱤ (ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ) (᱓,᱘᱗᱕) ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ (᱔,᱐᱐᱐+ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱘,᱑᱗᱓) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱡᱚᱞᱜᱳᱨᱟ (᱕,᱓᱗᱔) ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ (᱒,᱕᱑᱔), ᱰᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱟ (᱓,᱒᱕᱔), ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱᱴᱳᱨ (᱒,᱘᱑᱓), ᱥᱮᱢᱚᱞᱭᱟ (᱓,᱓᱙᱕) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱤᱥ ᱜᱚᱸᱰᱟ (᱒,᱘᱙᱔) ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

===ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ===
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱕,᱐᱐᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (᱖᱙.᱔᱒%) ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱕,᱐᱐᱖ (᱗᱙.᱔᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱙,᱙᱙᱕ (᱕᱘.᱔᱐%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ) ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑.᱐᱑% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ|collapsible=y}}

===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ===

{{bar box
|title=ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)
|titlebar=#FCD116	
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]]|darkorange|88.18}}
{{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]|green|11.21}}
{{bar percent|ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ|black|0.62}}
}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;/&gt;
|label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1 = 73.52 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 16.24 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]] |value3 = 5.92 |color3 = darkturquoise
|label4 = [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] |value4 = 1.21 |color4 = gold
|label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ |value5 = 3.11 |color5 = grey
}}

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱗᱓.᱕᱒% ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱑᱖.᱒᱔% ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], ᱕.᱙᱒% ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱑.᱒᱑% ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ==
 [[ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ-ᱥᱮᱱᱛᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ-ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/andal-jasidih-demu-73539/15359/585/326 |title = 73539 Andal-Jasidih DEMU   |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 9 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱖᱔᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱗᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱖ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓,᱗᱘᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱔,᱘᱘᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

[[ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱫᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://knim.org/ | title = Kazi Nazrul Islam Mahavidyalaya | publisher = KNIM | access-date = 2 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201153/https://knim.org/ | archive-date = 3 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ/ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱭᱩ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱙᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱖ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ), ᱵᱤᱨᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ (᱒ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱖ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192042</id>
      <parentid>192038</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:16:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <origin>192042</origin>
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      <text bytes="18595" sha1="dds5w6tbtnn081lcg361gq1vlo4v60z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
|official_name          = ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
|other_name             =
|native_name            = 
|native_name_lang       =  
|nickname               = 
|settlement_type        = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ
|motto                  =
|image_skyline          =
|imagesize              = 
|image_caption          = 
|image_flag             = 
|flag_size              =
|image_seal             = 
|seal_size              =
|image_map              = File:Jamuria in Paschim Bardhaman (West Bengal).svg
|mapsize                = 
|map_caption            = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
|pushpin_map            = 
|pushpin_label_position =right
|pushpin_mapsize=
|pushpin_map_caption    =
|subdivision_type       = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
|subdivision_name       = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
|subdivision_type1      = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] 
|subdivision_name1      = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
|subdivision_type2      = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
|subdivision_name2      = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
|subdivision_type3      = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ 
|subdivision_name3      = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
|subdivision_type4      = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
|subdivision_name4      = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
|leader_title           =
|leader_name            =
|established_title      =  
|established_date       = 
|area_magnitude         = 
|unit_pref              = Imperial 
|area_footnotes         =
|area_total_km2         = 158.10
|area_land_km2          = 
|population_as_of       = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
|population_footnotes   =
|population_note        =
|population_total       = 123,17
|population_density_km2 = auto
|timezone               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] 
|utc_offset             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
|coordinates            = {{coord|23|40|26|N|87|08|24|E|display=inline}}
|elevation_footnotes    = 
|elevation_m            = 133
|elevation_ft           = 
|postal_code_type       = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
|postal_code            = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱗᱘ (ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ)&lt;br/&gt; ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱔᱒ (ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ)&lt;br/&gt; ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱖᱒ (ᱴᱳᱯᱳᱥᱤ)&lt;br/&gt; ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱖᱘ (ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ)
|area_code_type         = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/STD ᱠᱳᱰ
|area_code              = ᱐᱓᱔᱑ 
|registration_plate     = WB-37, WB-38, WB-41, WB-42, WB-44 
|blank_name             = ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ
|blank_info             = ᱖᱙.᱔᱒%
|website                = http://bardhaman.gov.in/
|footnotes              = 
}}
'''ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== 
ᱵᱟᱦᱞᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ, {{coord|23.6739661|N|87.1401215|E|format=dms|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
[[File:Map of Paschim Bardhaman district.jpg|600px|thumb|center|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ]]
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱟᱠᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱨᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱨᱟᱥᱚᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱚᱵᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱚᱲᱵᱮᱛᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.mapsofindia.com/maps/westbengal/tehsil/barddhman.html |title = Tehsil Map of Barddhaman |work = CD Block/ Tehsil | publisher= Maps of India | access-date = 23 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱘.᱑᱐&amp;nbsp;ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ&lt;sup&gt;᱒&lt;/sup&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ, ᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱟᱛ, ᱙᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ (ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ), ᱔᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱣᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ#ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  |url = http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php  |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan  |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2  |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  |access-date = 22 January 2017  |url-status = dead  |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170729135056/http://www.dospiwb.org.in/site.php  |archive-date = 29 July 2017  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ/ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱸᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ : ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱰᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱤᱡᱚᱞᱜᱳᱨᱟ, ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ, ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱᱴᱳᱨ, ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱭᱟᱢᱚᱞᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱯᱥᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url =  http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal  |work = Bardhaman - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ==
===ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ===
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱓,᱑᱗᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱕,᱑᱔᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘,᱐᱓᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱖᱔,᱕᱗᱘ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱘,᱕᱙᱘ (᱔᱗%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐-᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱑᱕,᱑᱔᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱗,᱗᱙᱓ (᱓᱐.᱖᱘%) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐,᱒᱗᱒ (᱘.᱓᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= 2011 census: West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 16 January 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱟᱨᱟ (᱕,᱑᱒᱗), ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ (᱔,᱓᱒᱙), ᱱᱤᱢᱥᱟ (᱓,᱕᱔᱙), ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱖,᱖᱑᱗), ᱠᱮᱸᱰᱟ (᱑᱕,᱗᱓᱑), ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱘,᱘᱙᱔) ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱠᱷᱳᱴᱴᱚᱢᱚᱰᱤ (ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ) (᱓,᱘᱗᱕) ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ (᱔,᱐᱐᱐+ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱘,᱑᱗᱓) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱡᱚᱞᱜᱳᱨᱟ (᱕,᱓᱗᱔) ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ): ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ (᱒,᱕᱑᱔), ᱰᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱟ (᱓,᱒᱕᱔), ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱᱴᱳᱨ (᱒,᱘᱑᱓), ᱥᱮᱢᱚᱞᱭᱟ (᱓,᱓᱙᱕) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱤᱥ ᱜᱚᱸᱰᱟ (᱒,᱘᱙᱔) ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

===ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ===
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱕,᱐᱐᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (᱖᱙.᱔᱒%) ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔᱕,᱐᱐᱖ (᱗᱙.᱔᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱙,᱙᱙᱕ (᱕᱘.᱔᱐%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ) ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑.᱐᱑% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=census2011/&gt;

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ|collapsible=y}}

===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ===

{{bar box
|title=ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)
|titlebar=#FCD116	
|left1=
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]]|darkorange|88.18}}
{{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]|green|11.21}}
{{bar percent|ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ|black|0.62}}
}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;/&gt;
|label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1 = 73.52 |color1 = orchid
|label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] |value2 = 16.24 |color2 = orange
|label3 = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]] |value3 = 5.92 |color3 = darkturquoise
|label4 = [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] |value4 = 1.21 |color4 = gold
|label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ |value5 = 3.11 |color5 = grey
}}

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱗᱓.᱕᱒% ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱑᱖.᱒᱔% ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], ᱕.᱙᱒% ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱑.᱒᱑% ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;languages&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ==
 [[ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ-ᱥᱮᱱᱛᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ-ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://indiarailinfo.com/train/timetable/andal-jasidih-demu-73539/15359/585/326 |title = 73539 Andal-Jasidih DEMU   |work = Time Table | publisher= indiarailinfo | access-date = 9 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱖,᱖᱔᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱗᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱖ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓,᱗᱘᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱔,᱘᱘᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

[[ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱤᱫᱫᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱤ ᱱᱚᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://knim.org/ | title = Kazi Nazrul Islam Mahavidyalaya | publisher = KNIM | access-date = 2 March 2017 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170303201153/https://knim.org/ | archive-date = 3 March 2017 | url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ/ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱭᱩ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱙᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱖ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ), ᱵᱤᱨᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ (᱒ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱖ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱜ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="14668" sha1="t14n4jc66z2mihtkconahrxci1br1e1" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ
| native_name              =
| other_name               = 
| nickname                 = 
| settlement_type          = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ
| image_skyline            = JAMURIA.JPG
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            = 
| pushpin_map              = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position   = right
| pushpin_map_alt          = 
| pushpin_map_caption      = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates              = {{coord|23.7|N|87.08|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| subdivision_type3        = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ
| subdivision_name3        = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| established_title        = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date         = 
| founder                  = 
| named_for                = 
| government_type          = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
| governing_body           = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ 
| seat_type                = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
| seat                     = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
| parts_type               = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱠᱚ
| parts_style              = &lt;!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--&gt;
| parts                    = ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ ᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱒&lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;
| p1                       = 
| p2                       = &lt;!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--&gt;
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| unit_pref                = Metric
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_rank                = 
| area_total_km2           = 
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 111
| population_total         =
| population_as_of         = 
| population_rank          = 
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_demonym       = 
| population_footnotes     = 
| demographics_type1       = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ*
| demographics1_title1     = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ 
| demographics1_info1      = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1              = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code              = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱖
| registration_plate       = 
| blank1_name_sec1         = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1         = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1         = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1         = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]]
| website                  = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}}
| footnotes                = 
}}

'''ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ {{Coord|23.7|N|87.08|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱓᱖᱔ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱠᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Chattopadhyay, Akkori,  p34&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ, ᱦᱤᱡᱳᱞᱜᱳᱲᱟ, ᱪᱤᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱭᱟᱢᱞᱟ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱰᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.bardhaman.gov.in/collect/dprd/prodhan.pdf | title =List of Pradhan of Gram Panchayats, District: Bardhaman | publisher = Government of West Bengal| access-date = 2009-08-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ.===
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 4 September 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (᱑+ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

===ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ===
᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, [[ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June 2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 9 March 2017  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ===
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱖&amp;nbsp;ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ&lt;sup&gt;᱒&lt;/sup&gt; ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=handbook2014&gt;{{cite web  | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman  | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2  | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 23 September 2018  | archive-date = 21 January 2019  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://asansoldurgapurpolice.in/#  |title = Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate  |work = Find your police station  | publisher= Asansol Durgapur Police | access-date = 18 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔᱙,᱒᱒᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱗,᱓᱗᱙ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱑,᱘᱔᱑ (᱔᱘%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙,᱕᱒᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱒,᱙᱓᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱖.᱙᱑%) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census - Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 10 March 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱙,᱔᱕᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱓% ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱗% ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ: ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱗% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

==ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ==
{{ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ–ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|collapse=yes}}
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: [[ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱞ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ]]-ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟ-ᱛᱟᱯᱥᱤ-ᱤᱠᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ-ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.drmasn.gov.in/ Eastern Railway – Asansol Division] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831124809/http://www.drmasn.gov.in/ |date=2007-08-31 }} See Schematic Diagram under the heading ‘About Us’&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱩᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://bardhaman.gov.in/education/schudir.asp 7th All-India School Education Survey 2003] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927042635/http://bardhaman.gov.in/education/schudir.asp |date=2007-09-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ}}

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>t14n4jc66z2mihtkconahrxci1br1e1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192037</id>
      <parentid>192033</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:12:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <origin>192037</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14735" sha1="emb596tgynq1pr0nuoekakhpffme5xa" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| native_name              =
| other_name               = 
| nickname                 = 
| settlement_type          = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ
| image_skyline            = JAMURIA.JPG
| image_alt                = 
| image_caption            = 
| pushpin_map              = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position   = right
| pushpin_map_alt          = 
| pushpin_map_caption      = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates              = {{coord|23.7|N|87.08|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type         = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name         = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1        = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| subdivision_type3        = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ
| subdivision_name3        = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| established_title        = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date         = 
| founder                  = 
| named_for                = 
| government_type          = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
| governing_body           = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ 
| seat_type                = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
| seat                     = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
| parts_type               = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱠᱚ
| parts_style              = &lt;!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--&gt;
| parts                    = ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ ᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱒&lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;
| p1                       = 
| p2                       = &lt;!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--&gt;
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| unit_pref                = Metric
| area_footnotes           = 
| area_rank                = 
| area_total_km2           = 
| elevation_footnotes      = 
| elevation_m              = 111
| population_total         =
| population_as_of         = 
| population_rank          = 
| population_density_km2   = auto
| population_demonym       = 
| population_footnotes     = 
| demographics_type1       = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ*
| demographics1_title1     = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ 
| demographics1_info1      = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1              = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code              = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱖
| registration_plate       = 
| blank1_name_sec1         = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1         = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1         = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1         = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
| website                  = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}}
| footnotes                = 
}}

'''ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ {{Coord|23.7|N|87.08|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑᱑ ᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱓᱖᱔ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱠᱨᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Chattopadhyay, Akkori,  p34&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱚᱫᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ, ᱦᱤᱡᱳᱞᱜᱳᱲᱟ, ᱪᱤᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱭᱟᱢᱞᱟ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱰᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱟ, ᱠᱮᱱᱫᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.bardhaman.gov.in/collect/dprd/prodhan.pdf | title =List of Pradhan of Gram Panchayats, District: Bardhaman | publisher = Government of West Bengal| access-date = 2009-08-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ.===
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 4 September 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (᱑+ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

===ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ===
᱓ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱮᱴ ᱱᱳᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, [[ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June 2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 9 March 2017  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ===
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱖&amp;nbsp;ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ&lt;sup&gt;᱒&lt;/sup&gt; ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=handbook2014&gt;{{cite web  | url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman  | work = Tables 2.1, 2.2  | publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 23 September 2018  | archive-date = 21 January 2019  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://asansoldurgapurpolice.in/#  |title = Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate  |work = Find your police station  | publisher= Asansol Durgapur Police | access-date = 18 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔᱙,᱒᱒᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗᱗,᱓᱗᱙ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱑,᱘᱔᱑ (᱔᱘%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙,᱕᱒᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱒,᱙᱓᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱖.᱙᱑%) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census - Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 10 March 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱙,᱔᱕᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱓% ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱗% ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱘% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ: ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱗% ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾

==ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ==
{{ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ–ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|collapse=yes}}
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: [[ᱟᱱᱰᱚᱞ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱟᱱᱰᱟᱞ]]-ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟ-ᱛᱟᱯᱥᱤ-ᱤᱠᱨᱟ-ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ-ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.drmasn.gov.in/ Eastern Railway – Asansol Division] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070831124809/http://www.drmasn.gov.in/ |date=2007-08-31 }} See Schematic Diagram under the heading ‘About Us’&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱨᱟᱹᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ-ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱩᱵ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://bardhaman.gov.in/education/schudir.asp 7th All-India School Education Survey 2003] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927042635/http://bardhaman.gov.in/education/schudir.asp |date=2007-09-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
* {{Wikivoyage-inline|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ}}

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>emb596tgynq1pr0nuoekakhpffme5xa</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ</title>
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      <comment>MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
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      <text bytes="54" sha1="cbvx314fecx0hnmiyw97v0ylw9jhxby" xml:space="preserve">{{Santali wikipedia 5th year Anniversary edit-a-thon}}</text>
      <sha1>cbvx314fecx0hnmiyw97v0ylw9jhxby</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
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      <comment>/* ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ */ new section</comment>
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      <text bytes="25473" sha1="k5x4scvhkwb5iyv8gc0g4keeumkkd1j" xml:space="preserve">== ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱻᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱸᱨ ==


{{Invitation to join PVC edit-a-thon}}
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:R Ashwani Banjan Murmu|R Ashwani Banjan Murmu]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:R Ashwani Banjan Murmu|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱑:᱑᱗, ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ (UTC)

== Feminism and Folklore 2025: Important Updates for Organizers &amp; Jury ==

Hello Community Organizers and Jury,

Thank you for organising Feminism and Folklore writing competition on your wiki. Feminism and Folklore is the largest Wikipedia contest organized by community members. We congratulate you in joining and celebrating our cultural heritage and promoting gender equality on Wikipedia.

To encourage boost for the contributions of the participants, we're offering prizes for Feminism and Folklore local prizes. Each Wikipedia will have three local winners:

# First Prize: $25 USD

# Second Prize: $20 USD

# Best Jury Article: $15 USD

All this will be in '''gift voucher format only'''.

Prizes will only be given to users who have more than 5 accepted articles. No prizes will be given for users winning below 5 accepted articles.

Kindly inform your local community regarding these prizes and post them on the local project page

The Best Jury Article will be chosen by the jury based on how unique the article is aligned with the theme. The jury will review all submissions and decide the winner together, making sure it's fair. These articles will also be featured on our social media handles.

We're also providing internet and childcare support to the first 75 organizers and Jury members for those who request for it. Remember, only 75 organizers will get this support, and it's given on a first-come, first-served basis. The registration form will close after 75 registrations, and the deadline is &lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;March 5, 2025&lt;nowiki&gt;'''&lt;/nowiki&gt;. This support is optional and not compulsory, so if you're interested, fill out the  [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSeum8md6FqHY1ISWRLW5bqOAv_lcd1tpVtMMZfWKRDU_IffLQ/viewform?usp=dialog Form]


Each organizer/jury who gets support will receive $40 USD in gift voucher format, even if they're involved in more than one wiki. No dual support will be provided if you have signed up in more than one language. This support is meant to appreciate your volunteer support for the contest.

We also invite all organizers and jury members to join us for Advocacy session on '''Saturday, Feb 28, 2025'''. This session will help you understand the jury process for both contests and give you a chance to ask questions. More details are on [[meta:Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia|Event:Telling untold stories: How to document gendered narratives in Folklore on Wikipedia - Meta]]

Let's celebrate our different cultures and work towards gender equality on Wikipedia!

Best regards,

Stella and Tiven

Wiki loves folklore international team


[[User:SAgbley|SAgbley]] ([[User talk:SAgbley|talk]]) 04:39, 25 February 2025 (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/Community_Prizes&amp;oldid=28309519 --&gt;

== Follow-Up: Support for Feminism and Folklore 2025 Contributions ==

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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

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Dear {{PAGENAME}},

I hope this message finds you well.

We noticed that your community has signed up for the [[meta:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore Writing Contest]], but there have been only a few contributions submitted via the [https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/ Campwiz tool] so far. We completely understand that challenges may arise, and we’d love to support you and your participants in streamlining the submission process.

To assist your community, here’s a step-by-step guide to adding articles to the campaign. Feel free to share these instructions with your participants:

=== How to Submit Articles via Campwiz ===
'''Tool link:''' https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/campwiz/

# Access the Tool
#* Visit Campwiz and log in with your Wikimedia account (same as your Wikipedia credentials).
# Select the Campaign
#* Scroll through the list of campaigns and click on your campaign. 
# Add Your Article
#* Click on &quot;'''+ SUBMIT NEW ARTICLE'''&quot; button.
#* Enter the exact title of your article in the “Tiltle” field.
#* Click on &quot;'''CHECK'''&quot; button. 
#* If you have more articles to submit, click on the  '''&quot;SUBMIT ANOTHER&quot;''' button. 
# Check your submissions. 
#* To check if your submissions went through please click on the '''&quot;DETAILS&quot;''' button
#* Click on the '''SUBMISSIONS''' Button to see the list of your submissions. 

=== Need Help? ===
* Technical issues? 
Ensure article titles are spelled correctly and meet the campaign’s theme (feminism, folklore, or gender-related topics).
* Eligibility questions?
New articles must follow Wikipedia’s notability guidelines.
* Still stuck? 
Send an email to '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org'''! You can also reach out on the campaign’s Talk page.

Your commitment to amplifying untold gendered narratives in folklore is invaluable, and we’re excited to see your community’s contributions come to life. Let’s work together to make this campaign a success!

Looking forward to your response,

Best regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
Feminism and Folklore Organizer

-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 07:29, 17 March 2025 (UTC)
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&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF2&amp;oldid=28410476 --&gt;

== Feminism and Folklore 2025 Jury Evaluation Guidelines &amp; Results Submission ==

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Dear {{PAGENAME}},

Thank you once again for your commitment and dedication to the [[meta:Feminism and Folklore 2025|Feminism and Folklore 2025]] campaign!

As we near the conclusion of this year’s contest, please follow the official jury guidelines when evaluating submissions:

===Jury Guidelines:===
* Articles must be created or expanded between 1st February and 31st March 2025.
* Minimum article size: 3000 bytes and at least 300 words.
* No poor or machine-translated content.
* Articles must align with the Feminism and Folklore themes (feminism, gender, culture, folklore).
* Articles should not be orphaned – they must be linked to at least one other article.
* Submissions must not violate copyright rules and should follow local notability guidelines.
* All articles must include proper references according to your local Wikipedia’s citation policies.
* Once your local jury process is complete, kindly submit only the top 3 winners on the official results page:

===Submission Link:===
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results

Please include the following for each winner:
* Username
* Link to the local user talkpage
* Their ranking (1st, 2nd, or 3rd)

For more information, you can also refer to the main contest page:
https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025

If you need help or have any questions, feel free to reach out.

Warm regards, &lt;br&gt;
Stella Sessy Agbley&lt;br&gt;
Coordinator, Feminism and Folklore

-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 10:48, 10 April 2025 (UTC)
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&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Joris_Darlington_Quarshie/FnF2&amp;oldid=28410476 --&gt;

== Invitation: Gendering the Archive - Building Inclusive Folklore Repositories (April 30th) ==

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot;&gt;
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[[File:Feminism and Folklore 2025 logo.svg|center|550px|frameless]]

&lt;div lang=&quot;en&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; class=&quot;mw-content-ltr&quot;&gt;
{{center|''{{int:please-translate}}''}}
Dear {{PAGENAME}},

You are invited to a hands-on session focused on [[meta:Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation | Gendering the Archive: Building Inclusive Repositories for Folklore Documentation]]. This online workshop will guide participants on how to create, edit, and expand gender-inclusive folklore articles and multimedia archives on Wikipedia and Wikidata. The session will be led by Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu.

=== Objectives ===
* '''Design Inclusive Repositories:''' Learn best practices for structuring folklore archives that foreground gender perspectives.
* '''Hands-On Editing:''' Practice creating and improving articles and items on Wikipedia and Wikidata with a gender-inclusive lens.
* '''Collaborative Mapping:''' Work in small groups to plan new entries and multimedia uploads that document underrepresented voices.
* '''Advocacy &amp; Outreach:''' Discuss strategies to promote and sustain these repositories within your local and online communities.

=== Details ===
* '''Date:''' 30th April 2025
* '''Day:''' Wednesday
* '''Time:''' 16:00 UTC ([https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1746028800 Check your local time zone])
* '''Venue:''' Online (Zoom)
* '''Speaker:''' Rebecca Jeannette Nyinawumuntu (Co-founder, Wikimedia Rwanda &amp; Community Engagement Director)

=== How to Join ===
* '''Zoom Link:''' [https://us06web.zoom.us/j/89158738825?pwd=ezEgXbAqwq9KEr499DvJxSzZyXSVQX Join here]
* '''Meeting ID:''' 891 5873 8825
* '''Passcode:''' FNF@2025
* '''Add to Calendar:''' [https://zoom.us/meeting/tZ0scuGvrTMiGNH4I3T7EEQmhuFJkuCHL7Ci/ics?meetingMasterEventId=Xv247OBKRMWeJJ9LSbX2hA Add to your calendar] ''''

=== Agenda ===
# Welcome &amp; Introductions: Opening remarks and participant roll-call.
# Presentation: Overview of gender-inclusive principles and examples of folklore archives.
# Hands-On Workshop: Step-by-step editing on Wikipedia and Wikidata—create or expand entries.
# Group Brainstorm: Plan future repository items in breakout groups.
# Q&amp;A &amp; Discussion: Share challenges, solutions, and next steps.
# Closing Remarks: Summarise key takeaways and outline follow-up actions.

We look forward to seeing you there!

Best regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
Feminism and Folklore Organiser

-[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 10:28, 24 April 2025 (UTC)
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== Reminder: Submit Your Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May ==

Dear ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ,

Thank you for your valuable contributions to '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' in your communities!

This is a kind reminder that the '''deadline to submit your local results is 15 May 2025'''.

Please make sure to submit the '''complete and detailed results''' of your local contest on the following Meta-Wiki page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''

Additionally, feel free to add a brief summary of your local event under the '''Results''' section in your country/region’s row on the participants page:  
'''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

If you need any assistance during this process, don’t hesitate to reach out.

Thank you for your continued dedication and support!


For, Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team ᱑᱑:᱕᱑, ᱒ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Local_organizers&amp;oldid=28651179 --&gt;

== Final Reminder – Submit Full Local Results for Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 by 15 May EOD ==

Dear ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ,

This is a final reminder that the deadline to submit your '''full and detailed local results''' for '''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025''' is '''15 May 2025''' EOD.

Please ensure you complete the following as soon as possible:

* Submit your full results on Meta-Wiki here: '''[[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Results]]'''
* Add a brief summary of your local event under the &quot;Results&quot; column on: '''[[Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025/Participants]]'''

Failure to submit by the deadline may result in exclusion from the international jury consideration.

If you need help or encounter any issues, feel free to contact the international team.

Thank you once again for your dedication and hard work!


''Warm regards,''&lt;br/&gt;
'''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team''', ᱐᱒:᱓᱙, ᱑᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)
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== Share Your Feedback – Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 ==

Dear ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ

Thank you for being a part of '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]''' — whether as a contributor, jury member, or local organizer. Your efforts helped make this campaign a meaningful celebration of culture, heritage, and community on Wikimedia platforms.

To help us improve and grow this initiative in future years, we kindly ask you to complete a short '''feedback form'''. Your responses are valuable in shaping how we support contributors like you.

* '''Feedback Form:''' [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform Submit your feedback here]
* '''Deadline to submit:''' 31 May 2025

It will only take a few minutes to complete, and your input will directly impact how we plan, communicate, and collaborate in the future.

Thank you again for your support. We look forward to having you with us in future campaigns!


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
''Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team'' ᱐᱘:᱕᱑, ᱑᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/Participants&amp;oldid=28751574 --&gt;

== Final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results ==

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Hello {{PAGENAME}}

[[File:Feminism and Folklore logo.svg | right | frameless]]

I hope this message finds you well.

This is a final reminder that the deadline for submitting your Feminism and Folklore 2025 results on Meta has elapsed. For participant prizes to be processed, your community must submit the necessary information as soon as possible.

Please use the following link to submit your results: [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Feminism_and_Folklore_2025/Results Submit your results]

We have extended the {{font color||yellow|'''submission deadline to 12 June 2025'''.}}
Kindly note that failure to submit by this date will result in your group’s participants not receiving any prizes from us. 

Thank you for your attention to this important matter and for your continued contributions to the Feminism and Folklore campaign.

Warm regards,&lt;br&gt;
Stella&lt;br&gt;
On behalf of Feminism and Folklore Team&lt;br&gt;

[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[User talk:MediaWiki message delivery|&lt;span class=&quot;signature-talk&quot;&gt;{{int:Talkpagelinktext}}&lt;/span&gt;]]) 12:39, 08 June 2025 (UTC)
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&lt;!-- Message sent by User:Joris Darlington Quarshie@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:FnF_2025_reminder_list&amp;oldid=28842648 --&gt;

== Please Fill Feedback Form to Receive Your WLR 2025 Digital Certificate 🌙 ==

Dear ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ,

Greetings from the Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025 International Organizing Team!

Thank you once again for your valuable support and contribution as a '''Local Organizer / Jury Member''' for [[m:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025|Wiki Loves Ramadan 2025]]. Your dedication played a vital role in making this global campaign a meaningful success across communities.

As part of our post-event documentation and appreciation process, we kindly request you to complete the Participant Feedback Form. This will help us understand your experience and improve future campaigns:

📋 Feedback Form:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdXEtaqszxcwmTJa8pGT60E7GDtpbssNadR9vZFVFbLicGFBg/viewform

After submitting the feedback, you’ll be able to request your personalized Digital Certificate of Appreciation through this quick form:

📄 Certificate Request Form:
https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSc0yv5KHfUY21SpHkIpX_fJ9npsrfK4rWM4onDEkfnFtarcDw/viewform

We highly appreciate your time in completing these forms. Should you need any assistance, feel free to reach out.


Warm regards,&lt;br/&gt;
Wiki Loves Ramadan International Team
&lt;!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:ZI_Jony/MassMessage/WLR/List/2025_Local_Team&amp;oldid=28893397 --&gt;

== ᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ WAM ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨ! ==

{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; border: 1px solid #fceb92;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:{{#if:2025}} Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|150px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ '''ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ''' 
[[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕|ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ᱾ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕/ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ]] ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ! 

ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ, [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱔:᱑᱗, ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (UTC)
|}

== ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ: ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ==

&lt;div style=&quot;background-color:#f0f8ff; border:1px solid #a2c1f0; border-radius:10px; padding:15px; margin:10px 0;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;&quot;&gt;
[[File:WP25 potential birthday logo.svg|center|class=skin-invert|link=ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱒᱕/ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ]]
🎉 ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ! 🎉
&lt;/div&gt;

ᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹᱢ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ '''᱑᱕ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖''' ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ '''᱒᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ''' ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, '''ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱝᱜᱽᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱭᱩᱡᱚᱨ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ''' ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ '''ᱮᱰᱤᱴ-ᱟ-ᱛᱷᱚᱱ''' ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱢ ᱞᱮ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱭᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

* 🗓️ '''ᱚᱠᱛᱚ:''' ᱑᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ - ᱑᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖
* 🎁 '''ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ:''' ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱾

'''ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱤᱱ ᱢᱮ:'''
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align:center; margin-top:10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color:#3366cc; border-radius:5px; padding:8px 15px;&quot;&gt;'''[[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱒᱕/ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ|&lt;span style=&quot;color:white;&quot;&gt;👉 ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱒᱕ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ&lt;/span&gt;]]'''&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱭᱮᱱᱟ!

ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱝᱜᱽᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱭᱩᱡᱚᱨ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ, ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ&lt;br&gt;
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱕:᱔᱑, ᱑᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)
&lt;/div&gt;
== ᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ==
ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ, [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ|ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ]]

ᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ! ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮᱹᱟᱭ. ᱛᱮᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱧ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱫᱟᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱮ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱮ᱾

ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ!
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱑᱑:᱕᱐, ᱒᱓ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)

== ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ==

ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ! @[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ|ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ]]

ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮ:

'''ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱯᱤ-ᱯᱮᱥᱴᱟ''': ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ, ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩᱭ ᱢᱮ᱾

'''ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟᱭ ᱢᱮ''': ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱩᱲᱟ᱾

'''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱢᱮ''': ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱢᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱤᱭᱤᱧ ᱢᱮ᱾

ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ 
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ|ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ]]) ᱐᱗:᱓᱔, ᱑᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>k5x4scvhkwb5iyv8gc0g4keeumkkd1j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33216</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192031</id>
      <parentid>181668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T23:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sdiabhon Sdiamhon</username>
        <id>1894</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ */</comment>
      <origin>192031</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61991" sha1="k2f930tkpu7knutm4y5w0fa6mo0nj4a" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox state 
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| official_name           = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| native_name             = ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ 
| other_name             =  Jharkhand
| native_name_lang        =
| type                    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| image_skyline          = {{Photomontage
| photo1a         = Dassam fall, ranchi.jpg
| photo2a         = Coal Mine.jpg
| photo2b         = Panchet Dam (DVC) Dhanbad.jpg 
| photo3a         = Baba Dham.jpg
| photo3b         = Sikharji jalmandir.jpg
| photo4a         = Shikharji Parasnath Giridih.jpg
| photo4b         = Patratu Driveway.jpg
| photo5a         = Wild Abode.jpg
| spacing         = 2
| position        = center
| color_border    = white
| color           = white
| size            = 275
| foot_montage    = 
}}
| image_caption          = From Top: [[ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]], ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱰᱮᱢ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ]], [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ,  [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] 
| image_seal              =
| seal_alt                =  Jharkhand seal map
| image_map               =  IN-JH.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| image_seal              = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| image_map1               = Districts of Jharkhand map.svg
| map_caption1             = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
| latd  = 23.84
| longd = 91.28
| coor_pinpoint           = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| coordinates_type        = region:IN-JH_type:adm1st
| coordinates_display     = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| coordinates_region      = IN-JH
| subdivision_type        = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| established_title       = ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ
| established_date        = ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ 
| parts_type              = ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱞ 
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = ᱒᱔
| seat_type               = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ
| seat                    = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| seat1_type              = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ
| seat1                   = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_title            = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ
| leader_name             = [[ᱥᱚᱱᱛᱳᱥ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱽᱣᱟᱨ]]
| leader_title1           = ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
| leader_name1            = [[ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]] ([[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ|ᱡᱢᱢ]])
| leader_title2           = ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ
| leader_name2            = [[ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ]] (᱘᱑ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title3           = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name3            = (᱖ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title4           = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name4            = (᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| unit_pref               =  ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤMetric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖
| area_note               = 
| area_rank               = [[ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]]
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = ᱓᱙,᱒᱘᱐,᱘᱑᱒
| population_as_of        = ᱒᱐᱑᱙
| population_rank         = ᱑᱓ ᱟᱜ
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-JH]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1         = {{increase}} ᱐.᱕᱗᱘ (&lt;span style=&quot;color:#fc0;&quot;&gt;ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ&lt;/span&gt;)
| blank1_name_sec1        = HDI ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ
| blank1_info_sec1        = ᱓᱓ ᱭᱟᱜ 
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Literacy in India|ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱦᱟᱨ]]
| blank_info_sec2         = ᱖᱗.᱖% 
| blank1_name_sec2        = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| website                 = [http://jharkhand.nic.in jharkhand.nic.in]
| footnotes               =
{{Infobox region symbols 
| embedded = yes
| region   = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| flag     = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ  = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| emblem   =
| language = [[File:Santali written in Ol Chiki script.svg|200px|left]] [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| 
| animal   = [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|70px]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]
| bird     = [[File:Asian koel.jpg|70px]] [[ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ]]
| flower   = [[File:STS 001 Butea monosperma.jpg|70px]] [[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]
| tree     = [[File:Sal (Shorea robusta)- flowering canopy W Picture 117.jpg|70px]] [[ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]]
| food     =
| sweet    = 
}}
}}

'''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ''' {{IPA-sat|c’ʰarkʰɔ̃ɖ|3=LL-Q33965 (sat)-Maina Tudu-ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ.wav}}ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]], ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱐,᱗᱗᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾

==ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagpuri Shist Sahitya&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱚᱲᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱥᱭᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱᱟ (᱑᱒᱐᱐ ᱮᱰᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱸᱰᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱚᱛᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gautam Kumar Bera-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gautam Kumar Bera|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|title=The unrest axle: ethno-social movements in Eastern India|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2008|isbn=978-81-8324-145-8|pages=32–44|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004170932/https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znJuAAAAMAAJ|title=Bihar|author=Ram Chandra Prasad|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=1983|page=69|access-date=8 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
=== ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ (ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱒᱕ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱚᱜᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

===ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱑᱕᱗᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱲᱤᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱜᱤᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ, ᱑᱖᱕᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖᱗᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱡᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

===ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
᱑᱗᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱹᱡᱽ - ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ

* ᱑᱗᱖᱙-᱑᱘᱐᱕: ᱪᱩᱣᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱒-᱑᱗᱘᱐: ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱘᱐-᱑᱗᱘᱕: ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
* ᱑᱗᱙᱕-᱑᱘᱒᱑: ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱙᱓-᱑᱗᱙᱖: ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱐᱐-᱑᱘᱐᱒: ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱑᱒: ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱐-᱑᱗᱗᱑: ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱭᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱓᱒-᱑᱘᱓᱓: ᱠᱷᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ, ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱥᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱓᱓-᱑᱘᱓᱔: ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕: ᱞᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱵᱟᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕-᱑᱘᱖᱐: ᱥᱤᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ  ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨ-ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫᱽᱞᱟᱞ, [[ᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ 
* ᱑᱘᱗᱔: ᱠᱷᱮᱨᱚᱣᱟᱲ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱘᱐: ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱙᱕-᱑᱙᱐᱐: ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱡᱚᱸ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱭᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ (᱒᱖᱐᱐᱐) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱹᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱲᱛᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩ ᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱴᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱽᱭᱚᱜᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱐, ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱦᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱒᱔ (ᱵᱟᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱼ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ===
===ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ===
*ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱾ 
*ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ : ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱠᱚᱸᱴᱚᱠ, ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱤ, ᱰᱮᱦᱨᱤ, ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ
*[[ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : (ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ) ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ, ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱞ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱵᱟᱞᱞᱵᱽᱯᱩᱨ
*ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ : ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ; ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
*[[ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] : ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱟᱹ (ᱛᱚᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ), ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ, ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ, ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ, [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]], ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ
*ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱞᱤᱞᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱢᱟᱭᱩᱨᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ

=== ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ===

[[File:Palaash flowers.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]]]
[[File:Muta crocodile park.jpg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱨᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ|alt=]]
[[File:RAJNI.jpg|thumb| ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ==
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒.᱙᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖.᱙᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱐᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱔᱗ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱗᱗.᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱐.᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2011census&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|title=Jharkhand Provisional Result-Census 2011-Data Sheet|work=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517080810/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;᱾

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
[[File:Coal Mine.jpg|thumb| [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ]]

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ-ᱠᱞᱮ]], [[ᱜᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱢᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱪᱩᱱᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]], [[ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] 

===ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ - [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ :

* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ]] [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 
* ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ]] [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱫᱽ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱜᱚᱢᱚ|ᱜᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾ 
*[[ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ ᱾

==ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ==
===ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|title=10 Dishes of Cuisine of Jharkhand you must try at least once in Life|date=30 September 2016|newspaper=Great Indian Food|language=en-US|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080725/https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|title=Jharkhand Tourism::Cusines|website=www.jharkhandtourism.in|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226222111/http://jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|archive-date=26 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱩᱜᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱷᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱞᱯᱩᱣᱟ, ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱰᱷᱚᱥᱠᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨᱥᱟ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱫᱩᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ (ᱜᱩᱯᱪᱩᱯ) ᱾ ᱯᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱜᱽᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱯᱚᱦᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|title=Rugra on a rain high - Mushroom demand shoots up in holy month of Shravan|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191914/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱩᱱᱜᱟᱹ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |title=Tribal Food of Chota Nagpur |date=15 April 2016 |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418061544/https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ===
{{ᱢᱩᱬ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|}}
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165012/http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |archive-date=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ==
[[File:Ranchi Airport Night View.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ (IXR)]]]]
[[File:NH 33 Between Ramgarh and Chutupallu.jpg|thumb|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱲᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓]]
[[File:Patratu , Jharkhand, INDIA.jpg|thumb|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒]] 

===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ===
[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranchi Airport crosses one million mark of passengers. PASSENGERS|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|website=Pioneer|publisher=www.dailypioneer.com|accessdate=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730152209/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|archive-date=30 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dhanbad, Dumka on chartered flight path |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=14 August 2011 |accessdate=29 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235804/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |archive-date=30 December 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱨᱮᱦᱮᱱᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref name=Highways&gt;{{cite web|title=National highways in Jharkhand|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201556/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|archive-date=13 December 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱸᱰᱥᱞᱟᱤᱰ (Landslide) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Multi-model port to come up at Sahibganj: Gadkari |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |publisher=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]] |date=28 January 2016 |accessdate=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220148/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |archive-date=22 August 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ-ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ (plan) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ [[ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Sahibganj to be exim hub with a multimodal plan: Nitin Gadkari |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |publisher= [[Business Standard]] |date= 13 October 2016 |accessdate= 17 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220514/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |archive-date= 22 August 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ INR 6,500 ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ (Step) - ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Rajat|last=Arora|title=L&amp;T to construct Sahibganj Multi modal transportation terminal|{{cite news|first=ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱛ|last=ᱟᱨᱚᱨᱟ|title=ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱝᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱤ ᱾|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-Sahebganj-malti-model-tarminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|publisher=[[ᱫᱟ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱤᱢᱥ]]|date=19 October 2016|accessdate=᱑᱗ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629231331/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-sahibganj-multi-modal-transportation-terminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|archive-date=᱒᱙ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613 Rail funds up this time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211230/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613|date=30 March 2018}} [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] 7 February 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱔᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱒᱑%) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Dr. Arun C. Mehta |url=http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |title=District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |publisher=Educationforallinindia.com |date= |accessdate=12 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414170051/http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |archive-date=14 April 2010 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National Family Health Survey, 1998–99: Fact Sheet, Jharkhand, Section: Basic Socio-Demographic Features of Jharkhand|page=3|url=http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|access-date=21 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003195738/http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2007|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]: ᱗᱗.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱘.᱒᱐%)
*
*[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]: ᱗᱖.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱗.᱓᱓%)
*[[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]: ᱗᱕.᱗᱑% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱖᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱔.᱗᱐%)
*
*[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]: ᱗᱓.᱙᱒% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱓.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱓.᱔᱙%)
*[[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]: ᱗᱓.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱐%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱑.᱔᱖%)
*[[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]: ᱗᱐.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱑᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱒᱕%)
*[[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱘᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱐᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱑᱙%)
*[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱓᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱒᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱔.᱗᱗%)
*[[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱒᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱖᱒%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱗.᱘᱖%)
*[[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱗.᱕᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱖.᱐᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱙᱒%)

ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱟᱱᱟ (JEPC) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱰᱤᱯᱤᱤᱯᱤ, ᱮᱥᱮᱥᱮ, ᱱᱯᱤᱤᱡᱤᱤᱮᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱡᱤᱵᱤᱣᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The poor state of girl child education in Jharkhand State|author=Sanjay Pandey|date=16 October 2007|website=MyNews.in|url=http://www.mynews.in/fullstory.aspx?storyid=89}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱸᱰᱩ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱱᱚ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ]] ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱯᱨᱮᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ICC ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱰᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱑᱙᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱨᱰᱥ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱯᱤᱞ ᱫᱮᱣ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ (Feat) ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |title=Dhoni's world cup bat sold for Rs. 72 lakhs |publisher=Ndtv.com |date=19 July 2011 |accessdate=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007225807/http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |archive-date=7 October 2012|df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Keenan Stadium aerial view.jpg|thumb|left|200px| ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱮᱟᱨᱰᱤ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱤᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱸᱰᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱣᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱨᱚᱱ]], [[ᱥᱟᱦᱵᱟᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱫᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱟᱵᱷ ᱛᱤᱣᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ U/ ᱑᱙ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱫᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱢᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱠᱲᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱵᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱝᱫᱟᱡᱽ [[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱠᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱟᱝᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱰ (represented) ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
[[File:MS Dhoni.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱭᱟᱲ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱴᱮᱱ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi's new stadium set to host maiden One-Day International on January 19 | date=19 October 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509010706/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | archive-date=9 May ᱒᱐ | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱟᱨ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱞ. ᱖ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱠᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ. ᱘ ᱠᱮ ᱠᱣᱟᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤ (Celebrity) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱭᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱠ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |title=Tennis takes Sania-Shoaib to Ranchi |accessdate=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408165410/http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |archive-date=8 April 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪᱟᱭᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ-ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱮᱠᱥᱮᱞ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱚᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ-ᱢᱮᱡᱽᱵᱟᱱᱤᱜ (co-hosted) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi franchise becomes third team in Hockey India League | date=14 September 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508225654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | archive-date=8 May 2013 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:J.R.D. Tata Stadium.jpg|260px|thumb|alt= The photo is the upgraded stadium of football club JFC|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]]
[[ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱞᱮᱠᱥ|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱥᱴᱥ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱥᱤ. ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ==
ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱼ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]]
[[File:Jonha falls.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

[[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ]] ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|title=Jharkhand registers 385% increase in foreign tourist visits|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051406/https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱩᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|title=BETLA NATIONAL PARK &amp; TIGER RESERVE|website=WebIndia123|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063337/https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|title=You Can Walk Amid Wildlife at Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary in Jharkhand|website=[[India.com]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051744/https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|title=Winter holiday rush at Betla, Netarhat|website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051715/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|title=Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary bursts at the seams of autumn season|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051250/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|archive-date=3 April 20᱒᱑}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[ᱞᱚᱫᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]
*[[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱣᱮᱫᱷᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱟᱥᱩᱠᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ]],
*[[ᱦᱩᱸᱰᱨᱩ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]],
*[[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]],
*[[ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ ᱡᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] (ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ)
* ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ ᱰᱮᱢ, ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ
* ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ 
* ᱪᱷᱤᱱᱢᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ
* ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱜᱷᱟᱜᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* [[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]]

==ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ==
*[[ᱯᱷᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱨᱟᱡᱟ)
* ᱫᱩᱨᱡᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱞ
*[[ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦ
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱛᱚ
*[[ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ]]
* ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ
* ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ  
* ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱬᱯᱟᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ 
* ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦᱫᱮᱣ 
* ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱛ ᱩᱢᱨᱟᱝᱣ ᱥᱤᱝ 
* ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ 
*[[ᱥᱤᱫᱚ-ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ]]
*[[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ. ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ.]]
*[[ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
*ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ
*ᱵᱤᱱᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
* ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱸᱫ ᱱᱚᱭᱚᱞ
*[[ᱯᱨᱤᱭᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱚᱯᱨᱟ]]
*[[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]]
*[[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]]
* ᱯᱩᱨᱱᱤᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱱᱤᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ 
*ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱫᱨᱤ 
*ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱫᱣᱟᱡ
*[[ᱤᱢᱛᱤᱭᱟᱡ ᱟᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱛᱟᱱᱩᱥᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱥᱣᱮᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]]
*[[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱤᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱚᱸᱛ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱟ]]

==ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ==

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ :-

===ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ===
{|
|- valign=top
|
* '''[[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱜᱟᱲᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱟᱣᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ]]
** [[ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ]]
** [[ᱦᱚᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]
** [[ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ]]
** [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
** [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]
** [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]
|
* '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
** [[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
|
* '''[[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ]]
** [[ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ]]
** [[ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]]
|}

==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ : ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ, ᱩᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱾

==ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ, ᱱᱤᱣᱥ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱹᱰᱤᱹ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|title=Jharkhand Media|website=mapsofindia.com|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430072908/https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱫᱮᱭᱱᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱ, ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ, ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ, ᱫᱟ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱸᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== 
{{Sister project links|voy=ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
'''ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ'''
* [https://jharkhand.gov.in ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731224922/https://jharkhand.gov.in/ |date=2023-07-31 }}

'''ᱥᱟᱠᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ'''
* [https://www.britannica.com/place/Jharkhand Jharkhand] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Jharkhand|Jharkhand}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|1960191}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
|North = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
|Southwest = [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]]
}}

{{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ}}
{{Authority control}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:States and territories established in 2000]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:2000 establishments in India]]</text>
      <sha1>k2f930tkpu7knutm4y5w0fa6mo0nj4a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192032</id>
      <parentid>192031</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T23:55:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sdiabhon Sdiamhon</username>
        <id>1894</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ */</comment>
      <origin>192032</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61994" sha1="6fvqtd2c2qdw43skp2sxt91gassdsmx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox state 
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| official_name           = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| native_name             = ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ 
| other_name             =  Jharkhand
| native_name_lang        =
| type                    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| image_skyline          = {{Photomontage
| photo1a         = Dassam fall, ranchi.jpg
| photo2a         = Coal Mine.jpg
| photo2b         = Panchet Dam (DVC) Dhanbad.jpg 
| photo3a         = Baba Dham.jpg
| photo3b         = Sikharji jalmandir.jpg
| photo4a         = Shikharji Parasnath Giridih.jpg
| photo4b         = Patratu Driveway.jpg
| photo5a         = Wild Abode.jpg
| spacing         = 2
| position        = center
| color_border    = white
| color           = white
| size            = 275
| foot_montage    = 
}}
| image_caption          = From Top: [[ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]], ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱰᱮᱢ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ]], [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ,  [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] 
| image_seal              =
| seal_alt                =  Jharkhand seal map
| image_map               =  IN-JH.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| image_seal              = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| image_map1               = Districts of Jharkhand map.svg
| map_caption1             = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
| latd  = 23.84
| longd = 91.28
| coor_pinpoint           = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| coordinates_type        = region:IN-JH_type:adm1st
| coordinates_display     = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| coordinates_region      = IN-JH
| subdivision_type        = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| established_title       = ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ
| established_date        = ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ 
| parts_type              = ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱞ 
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = ᱒᱔
| seat_type               = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ
| seat                    = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| seat1_type              = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ
| seat1                   = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_title            = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ
| leader_name             = [[ᱥᱚᱱᱛᱳᱥ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱽᱣᱟᱨ]]
| leader_title1           = ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
| leader_name1            = [[ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]] ([[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ|ᱡᱢᱢ]])
| leader_title2           = ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ
| leader_name2            = [[ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ]] (᱘᱑ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title3           = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name3            = (᱖ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title4           = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name4            = (᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| unit_pref               =  ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤMetric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖
| area_note               = 
| area_rank               = [[ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]]
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = ᱓᱙,᱒᱘᱐,᱘᱑᱒
| population_as_of        = ᱒᱐᱑᱙
| population_rank         = ᱑᱓ ᱟᱜ
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-JH]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1         = {{increase}} ᱐.᱕᱗᱘ (&lt;span style=&quot;color:#fc0;&quot;&gt;ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ&lt;/span&gt;)
| blank1_name_sec1        = HDI ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ
| blank1_info_sec1        = ᱓᱓ ᱭᱟᱜ 
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Literacy in India|ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱦᱟᱨ]]
| blank_info_sec2         = ᱖᱗.᱖% 
| blank1_name_sec2        = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| website                 = [http://jharkhand.nic.in jharkhand.nic.in]
| footnotes               =
{{Infobox region symbols 
| embedded = yes
| region   = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| flag     = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ  = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| emblem   =
| language = [[File:Santali written in Ol Chiki script.svg|200px|left]] [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| 
| animal   = [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|70px]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]
| bird     = [[File:Asian koel.jpg|70px]] [[ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ]]
| flower   = [[File:STS 001 Butea monosperma.jpg|70px]] [[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]
| tree     = [[File:Sal (Shorea robusta)- flowering canopy W Picture 117.jpg|70px]] [[ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]]
| food     =
| sweet    = 
}}
}}

'''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ''' {{IPA-sat|c’ʰarkʰɔ̃ɖ|3=LL-Q33965 (sat)-Maina Tudu-ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ.wav}}ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]], ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱐,᱗᱗᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾

==ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagpuri Shist Sahitya&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱚᱲᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱥᱭᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱᱟ (᱑᱒᱐᱐ ᱮᱰᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱸᱰᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱚᱛᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gautam Kumar Bera-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gautam Kumar Bera|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|title=The unrest axle: ethno-social movements in Eastern India|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2008|isbn=978-81-8324-145-8|pages=32–44|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004170932/https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znJuAAAAMAAJ|title=Bihar|author=Ram Chandra Prasad|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=1983|page=69|access-date=8 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
=== ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ (ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱒᱕ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱚᱜᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

===ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱑᱕᱗᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱲᱤᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱜᱤᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ, ᱑᱖᱕᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖᱗᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱡᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

===ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
᱑᱗᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱹᱡᱽ - ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ

* ᱑᱗᱖᱙-᱑᱘᱐᱕: ᱪᱩᱣᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱒-᱑᱗᱘᱐: ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱘᱐-᱑᱗᱘᱕: ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
* ᱑᱗᱙᱕-᱑᱘᱒᱑: ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱙᱓-᱑᱗᱙᱖: ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱐᱐-᱑᱘᱐᱒: ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱑᱒: ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱐-᱑᱗᱗᱑: ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱭᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱓᱒-᱑᱘᱓᱓: ᱠᱷᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ, ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱥᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱓᱓-᱑᱘᱓᱔: ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕: ᱞᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱵᱟᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕-᱑᱘᱖᱐: ᱥᱤᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ  ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨ-ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫᱽᱞᱟᱞ, [[ᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ 
* ᱑᱘᱗᱔: ᱠᱷᱮᱨᱚᱣᱟᱲ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱘᱐: ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱙᱕-᱑᱙᱐᱐: ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱡᱚᱸ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱭᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ (᱒᱖᱐᱐᱐) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱹᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱲᱛᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩ ᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱴᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱽᱭᱚᱜᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱐, ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱦᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱒᱔ (ᱵᱟᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱼ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ===
===ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ===
*ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱾ 
*ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ : ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱠᱚᱸᱴᱚᱠ, ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱤ, ᱰᱮᱦᱨᱤ, ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ
*[[ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : (ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ) ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ, ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱞ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱵᱟᱞᱞᱵᱽᱯᱩᱨ
*ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ : ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ; ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
*[[ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] : ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱟᱹ (ᱛᱚᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ), ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ, ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ, ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ, [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]], ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ
*ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱞᱤᱞᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱢᱟᱭᱩᱨᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ

=== ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ===

[[File:Palaash flowers.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]]]
[[File:Muta crocodile park.jpg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱨᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ|alt=]]
[[File:RAJNI.jpg|thumb| ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ==
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒.᱙᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖.᱙᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱐᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱔᱗ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱗᱗.᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱐.᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2011census&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|title=Jharkhand Provisional Result-Census 2011-Data Sheet|work=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517080810/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;᱾

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
[[File:Coal Mine.jpg|thumb| [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ]]

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ-ᱠᱞᱮ]], [[ᱜᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱢᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱪᱩᱱᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]], [[ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] 

===ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ - [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ :

* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ]] [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 
* ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ]] [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱫᱽ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱜᱚᱢᱚ|ᱜᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾ 
*[[ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ ᱾

==ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ==
===ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|title=10 Dishes of Cuisine of Jharkhand you must try at least once in Life|date=30 September 2016|newspaper=Great Indian Food|language=en-US|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080725/https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|title=Jharkhand Tourism::Cusines|website=www.jharkhandtourism.in|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226222111/http://jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|archive-date=26 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱩᱜᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱷᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱞᱯᱩᱣᱟ, ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱰᱷᱚᱥᱠᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨᱥᱟ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱫᱩᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ (ᱜᱩᱯᱪᱩᱯ) ᱾ ᱯᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱜᱽᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱯᱚᱦᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|title=Rugra on a rain high - Mushroom demand shoots up in holy month of Shravan|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191914/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱩᱱᱜᱟᱹ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |title=Tribal Food of Chota Nagpur |date=15 April 2016 |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418061544/https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ===
{{ᱢᱩᱬ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|}}
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165012/http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |archive-date=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ==
[[File:Ranchi Airport Night View.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ (IXR)]]]]
[[File:NH 33 Between Ramgarh and Chutupallu.jpg|thumb|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱲᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓]]
[[File:Patratu , Jharkhand, INDIA.jpg|thumb|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒]] 

===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ===
[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranchi Airport crosses one million mark of passengers. PASSENGERS|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|website=Pioneer|publisher=www.dailypioneer.com|accessdate=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730152209/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|archive-date=30 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dhanbad, Dumka on chartered flight path |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=14 August 2011 |accessdate=29 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235804/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |archive-date=30 December 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱨᱮᱦᱮᱱᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref name=Highways&gt;{{cite web|title=National highways in Jharkhand|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201556/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|archive-date=13 December 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱸᱰᱥᱞᱟᱤᱰ (Landslide) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Multi-model port to come up at Sahibganj: Gadkari |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |publisher=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]] |date=28 January 2016 |accessdate=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220148/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |archive-date=22 August 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ-ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ (plan) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ [[ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Sahibganj to be exim hub with a multimodal plan: Nitin Gadkari |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |publisher= [[Business Standard]] |date= 13 October 2016 |accessdate= 17 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220514/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |archive-date= 22 August 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ INR 6,500 ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ (Step) - ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Rajat|last=Arora|title=L&amp;T to construct Sahibganj Multi modal transportation terminal|{{cite news|first=ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱛ|last=ᱟᱨᱚᱨᱟ|title=ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱝᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱤ ᱾|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-Sahebganj-malti-model-tarminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|publisher=[[ᱫᱟ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱤᱢᱥ]]|date=19 October 2016|accessdate=᱑᱗ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629231331/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-sahibganj-multi-modal-transportation-terminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|archive-date=᱒᱙ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613 Rail funds up this time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211230/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613|date=30 March 2018}} [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] 7 February 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱔᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱒᱑%) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Dr. Arun C. Mehta |url=http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |title=District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |publisher=Educationforallinindia.com |date= |accessdate=12 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414170051/http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |archive-date=14 April 2010 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National Family Health Survey, 1998–99: Fact Sheet, Jharkhand, Section: Basic Socio-Demographic Features of Jharkhand|page=3|url=http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|access-date=21 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003195738/http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2007|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]: ᱗᱗.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱘.᱒᱐%)
*
*[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]: ᱗᱖.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱗.᱓᱓%)
*[[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]: ᱗᱕.᱗᱑% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱖᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱔.᱗᱐%)
*
*[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]: ᱗᱓.᱙᱒% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱓.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱓.᱔᱙%)
*[[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]: ᱗᱓.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱐%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱑.᱔᱖%)
*[[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]: ᱗᱐.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱑᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱒᱕%)
*[[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱘᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱐᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱑᱙%)
*[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱓᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱒᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱔.᱗᱗%)
*[[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱒᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱖᱒%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱗.᱘᱖%)
*[[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱗.᱕᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱖.᱐᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱙᱒%)

ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱟᱱᱟ (JEPC) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱰᱤᱯᱤᱤᱯᱤ, ᱮᱥᱮᱥᱮ, ᱱᱯᱤᱤᱡᱤᱤᱮᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱡᱤᱵᱤᱣᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The poor state of girl child education in Jharkhand State|author=Sanjay Pandey|date=16 October 2007|website=MyNews.in|url=http://www.mynews.in/fullstory.aspx?storyid=89}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱸᱰᱩ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱱᱚ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ]] ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱯᱨᱮᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ICC ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱰᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱑᱙᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱨᱰᱥ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱯᱤᱞ ᱫᱮᱣ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ (Feat) ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |title=Dhoni's world cup bat sold for Rs. 72 lakhs |publisher=Ndtv.com |date=19 July 2011 |accessdate=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007225807/http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |archive-date=7 October 2012|df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Keenan Stadium aerial view.jpg|thumb|left|200px| ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱮᱟᱨᱰᱤ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱤᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱸᱰᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱣᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱨᱚᱱ]], [[ᱥᱟᱦᱵᱟᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱫᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱟᱵᱷ ᱛᱤᱣᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ U/ ᱑᱙ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱫᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱢᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱠᱲᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱵᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱝᱫᱟᱡᱽ [[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱠᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱟᱝᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱰ (represented) ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
[[File:MS Dhoni.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱭᱟᱲ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱴᱮᱱ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi's new stadium set to host maiden One-Day International on January 19 | date=19 October 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509010706/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | archive-date=9 May ᱒᱐ | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱟᱨ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱞ. ᱖ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱠᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ. ᱘ ᱠᱮ ᱠᱣᱟᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤ (Celebrity) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱭᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱠ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |title=Tennis takes Sania-Shoaib to Ranchi |accessdate=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408165410/http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |archive-date=8 April 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪᱟᱭᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ-ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱮᱠᱥᱮᱞ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱚᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ-ᱢᱮᱡᱽᱵᱟᱱᱤᱜ (co-hosted) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi franchise becomes third team in Hockey India League | date=14 September 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508225654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | archive-date=8 May 2013 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:J.R.D. Tata Stadium.jpg|260px|thumb|alt= The photo is the upgraded stadium of football club JFC|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]]
[[ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱞᱮᱠᱥ|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱥᱴᱥ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱥᱤ. ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ==
ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱼ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]]
[[File:Jonha falls.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

[[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ]] ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|title=Jharkhand registers 385% increase in foreign tourist visits|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051406/https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱩᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|title=BETLA NATIONAL PARK &amp; TIGER RESERVE|website=WebIndia123|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063337/https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|title=You Can Walk Amid Wildlife at Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary in Jharkhand|website=[[India.com]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051744/https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|title=Winter holiday rush at Betla, Netarhat|website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051715/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|title=Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary bursts at the seams of autumn season|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051250/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|archive-date=3 April 20᱒᱑}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[ᱞᱚᱫᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]
*[[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱣᱮᱫᱷᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱟᱥᱩᱠᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ]],
*[[ᱦᱩᱸᱰᱨᱩ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]],
*[[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]],
*[[ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ ᱡᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] (ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ)
* ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ ᱰᱮᱢ, ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ
* ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ 
* ᱪᱷᱤᱱᱢᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ
* ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱜᱷᱟᱜᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* [[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]]

==ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ==
*[[ᱯᱷᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱨᱟᱡᱟ)
* ᱫᱩᱨᱡᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱞ
*[[ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦ
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱛᱚ
*[[ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ]]
* ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ
* ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ  
* ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱬᱯᱟᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ 
* ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦᱫᱮᱣ 
* ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱛ ᱩᱢᱨᱟᱝᱣ ᱥᱤᱝ 
* ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ 
*[[ᱥᱤᱫᱚ-ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ]]
*[[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ. ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ.]]
*[[ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
*ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ
*ᱵᱤᱱᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
* ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱸᱫ ᱱᱚᱭᱚᱞ
*[[ᱯᱨᱤᱭᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱚᱯᱨᱟ]]
*[[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]]
*[[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]]
* ᱯᱩᱨᱱᱤᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱱᱤᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ 
*ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱫᱨᱤ 
*ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱫᱣᱟᱡ
*[[ᱤᱢᱛᱤᱭᱟᱡ ᱟᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱛᱟᱱᱩᱥᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱥᱣᱮᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]]
*[[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱤᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱚᱸᱛ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱟ]]

==ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ==

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ :-

===ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ===
{|
|- valign=top
|
* '''[[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱜᱟᱲᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱟᱣᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ]]
** [[ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ]]
** [[ᱦᱚᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]
** [[ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ]]
** [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
** [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]
** [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]
|
* '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
** [[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
|
* '''[[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ]]
** [[ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ]]
** [[ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]]
|}

==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ : ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ, ᱩᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱾

==ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ, ᱱᱤᱣᱥ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱹᱰᱤᱹ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|title=Jharkhand Media|website=mapsofindia.com|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430072908/https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱫᱮᱭᱱᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱ, ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ, ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ, ᱫᱟ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱸᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== 
{{Sister project links|voy=ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
'''ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ'''
* [https://jharkhand.gov.in ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731224922/https://jharkhand.gov.in/ |date=2023-07-31 }}

'''ᱥᱟᱠᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ'''
* [https://www.britannica.com/place/Jharkhand Jharkhand] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Jharkhand|Jharkhand}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|1960191}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
|North = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
|Southwest = [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]]
}}

{{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ}}
{{Authority control}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:States and territories established in 2000]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:2000 establishments in India]]</text>
      <sha1>6fvqtd2c2qdw43skp2sxt91gassdsmx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192047</id>
      <parentid>192032</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:42:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sdiabhon Sdiamhon</username>
        <id>1894</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ */</comment>
      <origin>192047</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61992" sha1="neo5sbujaw6mf4duh42unow62gejfut" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox state 
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| official_name           = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| native_name             = ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ 
| other_name             =  Jharkhand
| native_name_lang        =
| type                    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| image_skyline          = {{Photomontage
| photo1a         = Dassam fall, ranchi.jpg
| photo2a         = Coal Mine.jpg
| photo2b         = Panchet Dam (DVC) Dhanbad.jpg 
| photo3a         = Baba Dham.jpg
| photo3b         = Sikharji jalmandir.jpg
| photo4a         = Shikharji Parasnath Giridih.jpg
| photo4b         = Patratu Driveway.jpg
| photo5a         = Wild Abode.jpg
| spacing         = 2
| position        = center
| color_border    = white
| color           = white
| size            = 275
| foot_montage    = 
}}
| image_caption          = From Top: [[ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]], ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱰᱮᱢ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ]], [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ,  [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] 
| image_seal              =
| seal_alt                =  Jharkhand seal map
| image_map               =  IN-JH.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| image_seal              = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| image_map1               = Districts of Jharkhand map.svg
| map_caption1             = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
| latd  = 23.84
| longd = 91.28
| coor_pinpoint           = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| coordinates_type        = region:IN-JH_type:adm1st
| coordinates_display     = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| coordinates_region      = IN-JH
| subdivision_type        = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| established_title       = ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ
| established_date        = ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ 
| parts_type              = ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱞ 
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = ᱒᱔
| seat_type               = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ
| seat                    = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| seat1_type              = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ
| seat1                   = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_title            = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ
| leader_name             = [[ᱥᱚᱱᱛᱳᱥ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱽᱣᱟᱨ]]
| leader_title1           = ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
| leader_name1            = [[ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]] ([[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ|ᱡᱢᱢ]])
| leader_title2           = ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ
| leader_name2            = [[ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ]] (᱘᱑ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title3           = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name3            = (᱖ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title4           = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name4            = (᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| unit_pref               =  ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤMetric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖
| area_note               = 
| area_rank               = [[ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]]
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = ᱓᱙,᱒᱘᱐,᱘᱑᱒
| population_as_of        = ᱒᱐᱑᱙
| population_rank         = ᱑᱓ ᱟᱜ
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-JH]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1         = {{increase}} ᱐.᱕᱗᱘ (&lt;span style=&quot;color:#fc0;&quot;&gt;ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ&lt;/span&gt;)
| blank1_name_sec1        = HDI ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ
| blank1_info_sec1        = ᱓᱓ ᱭᱟᱜ 
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Literacy in India|ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱦᱟᱨ]]
| blank_info_sec2         = ᱖᱗.᱖% 
| blank1_name_sec2        = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| website                 = [http://jharkhand.nic.in jharkhand.nic.in]
| footnotes               =
{{Infobox region symbols 
| embedded = yes
| region   = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| flag     = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ  = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| emblem   =
| language = [[File:Santali written in Ol Chiki script.svg|200px|left]] [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| 
| animal   = [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|70px]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]
| bird     = [[File:Asian koel.jpg|70px]] [[ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ]]
| flower   = [[File:STS 001 Butea monosperma.jpg|70px]] [[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]
| tree     = [[File:Sal (Shorea robusta)- flowering canopy W Picture 117.jpg|70px]] [[ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]]
| food     =
| sweet    = 
}}
}}

'''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ''' {{IPA-sat|c’ʰarkʰɔ̃ɖ|3=LL-Q33965 (sat)-Maina Tudu-ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ.wav}}ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]], ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱐,᱗᱗᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾

==ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagpuri Shist Sahitya&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱚᱲᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱥᱭᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱᱟ (᱑᱒᱐᱐ ᱮᱰᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱸᱰᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱚᱛᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gautam Kumar Bera-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gautam Kumar Bera|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|title=The unrest axle: ethno-social movements in Eastern India|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2008|isbn=978-81-8324-145-8|pages=32–44|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004170932/https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znJuAAAAMAAJ|title=Bihar|author=Ram Chandra Prasad|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=1983|page=69|access-date=8 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
=== ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ (ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱒᱕ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱚᱜᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

===ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱑᱕᱗᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱲᱤᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱜᱤᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ, ᱑᱖᱕᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖᱗᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱡᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

===ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
᱑᱗᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱹᱡᱽ - ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ

* ᱑᱗᱖᱙-᱑᱘᱐᱕: ᱪᱩᱣᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱒-᱑᱗᱘᱐: ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱘᱐-᱑᱗᱘᱕: ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
* ᱑᱗᱙᱕-᱑᱘᱒᱑: ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱙᱓-᱑᱗᱙᱖: ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱐᱐-᱑᱘᱐᱒: ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱑᱒: ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱐-᱑᱗᱗᱑: ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱭᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱓᱒-᱑᱘᱓᱓: ᱠᱷᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ, ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱥᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱓᱓-᱑᱘᱓᱔: ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕: ᱞᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱵᱟᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕-᱑᱘᱖᱐: ᱥᱤᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ  ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨ-ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫᱽᱞᱟᱞ, [[ᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ 
* ᱑᱘᱗᱔: ᱠᱷᱮᱨᱚᱣᱟᱲ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱘᱐: ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱙᱕-᱑᱙᱐᱐: ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱡᱚᱸ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱭᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ (᱒᱖᱐᱐᱐) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱹᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱲᱛᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩ ᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱴᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱽᱭᱚᱜᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱐, ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱦᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱒᱔ (ᱵᱟᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱼ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ===
===ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ===
*ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱾ 
*ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ : ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱠᱚᱸᱴᱚᱠ, ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱤ, ᱰᱮᱦᱨᱤ, ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ
*[[ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : (ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ) ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ, ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱞ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱵᱟᱞᱞᱵᱽᱯᱩᱨ
*ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ : ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ; ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
*[[ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] : ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱟᱹ (ᱛᱚᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ), ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ, ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ, ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ, [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]], ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ
*ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱞᱤᱞᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱢᱟᱭᱩᱨᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ

=== ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ===

[[File:Palaash flowers.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]]]
[[File:Muta crocodile park.jpg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱨᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ|alt=]]
[[File:RAJNI.jpg|thumb| ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ==
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒.᱙᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖.᱙᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱐᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱔᱗ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱗᱗.᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱐.᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2011census&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|title=Jharkhand Provisional Result-Census 2011-Data Sheet|work=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517080810/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;᱾

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
[[File:Coal Mine.jpg|thumb| [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ]]

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ-ᱠᱞᱮ]], [[ᱜᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱢᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱪᱩᱱᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]], [[ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] 

===ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ - [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ :

* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ]] [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 
* ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ]] [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱫᱽ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱜᱚᱢᱚ|ᱜᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾ 
*[[ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ ᱾

==ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ==
===ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|title=10 Dishes of Cuisine of Jharkhand you must try at least once in Life|date=30 September 2016|newspaper=Great Indian Food|language=en-US|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080725/https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|title=Jharkhand Tourism::Cusines|website=www.jharkhandtourism.in|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226222111/http://jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|archive-date=26 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱩᱜᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱷᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱞᱯᱩᱣᱟ, ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱰᱷᱚᱥᱠᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨᱥᱟ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱫᱩᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ (ᱜᱩᱯᱪᱩᱯ) ᱾ ᱯᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱜᱽᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱯᱚᱦᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|title=Rugra on a rain high - Mushroom demand shoots up in holy month of Shravan|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191914/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱩᱱᱜᱟᱹ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |title=Tribal Food of Chota Nagpur |date=15 April 2016 |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418061544/https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ===
{{ᱢᱩᱬ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|}}
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165012/http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |archive-date=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ==
[[File:Ranchi Airport Night View.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ (IXR)]]]]
[[File:NH 33 Between Ramgarh and Chutupallu.jpg|thumb|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱲᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓]]
[[File:Patratu , Jharkhand, INDIA.jpg|thumb|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒]] 

===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ===
[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranchi Airport crosses one million mark of passengers. PASSENGERS|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|website=Pioneer|publisher=www.dailypioneer.com|accessdate=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730152209/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|archive-date=30 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dhanbad, Dumka on chartered flight path |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=14 August 2011 |accessdate=29 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235804/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |archive-date=30 December 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱨᱮᱦᱮᱱᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref name=Highways&gt;{{cite web|title=National highways in Jharkhand|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201556/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|archive-date=13 December 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱸᱰᱥᱞᱟᱤᱰ (Landslide) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Multi-model port to come up at Sahibganj: Gadkari |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |publisher=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]] |date=28 January 2016 |accessdate=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220148/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |archive-date=22 August 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ-ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ (plan) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ [[ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Sahibganj to be exim hub with a multimodal plan: Nitin Gadkari |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |publisher= [[Business Standard]] |date= 13 October 2016 |accessdate= 17 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220514/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |archive-date= 22 August 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ INR 6,500 ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ (Step) - ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Rajat|last=Arora|title=L&amp;T to construct Sahibganj Multi modal transportation terminal|{{cite news|first=ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱛ|last=ᱟᱨᱚᱨᱟ|title=ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱝᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱤ ᱾|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-Sahebganj-malti-model-tarminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|publisher=[[ᱫᱟ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱤᱢᱥ]]|date=19 October 2016|accessdate=᱑᱗ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629231331/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-sahibganj-multi-modal-transportation-terminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|archive-date=᱒᱙ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613 Rail funds up this time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211230/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613|date=30 March 2018}} [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] 7 February 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱔᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱒᱑%) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Dr. Arun C. Mehta |url=http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |title=District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |publisher=Educationforallinindia.com |date= |accessdate=12 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414170051/http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |archive-date=14 April 2010 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National Family Health Survey, 1998–99: Fact Sheet, Jharkhand, Section: Basic Socio-Demographic Features of Jharkhand|page=3|url=http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|access-date=21 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003195738/http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2007|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]: ᱗᱗.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱘.᱒᱐%)
*
*[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]: ᱗᱖.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱗.᱓᱓%)
*[[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]: ᱗᱕.᱗᱑% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱖᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱔.᱗᱐%)
*
*[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]: ᱗᱓.᱙᱒% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱓.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱓.᱔᱙%)
*[[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]: ᱗᱓.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱐%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱑.᱔᱖%)
*[[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]: ᱗᱐.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱑᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱒᱕%)
*[[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱘᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱐᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱑᱙%)
*[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱓᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱒᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱔.᱗᱗%)
*[[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱒᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱖᱒%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱗.᱘᱖%)
*[[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱗.᱕᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱖.᱐᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱙᱒%)

ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱟᱱᱟ (JEPC) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱰᱤᱯᱤᱤᱯᱤ, ᱮᱥᱮᱥᱮ, ᱱᱯᱤᱤᱡᱤᱤᱮᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱡᱤᱵᱤᱣᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The poor state of girl child education in Jharkhand State|author=Sanjay Pandey|date=16 October 2007|website=MyNews.in|url=http://www.mynews.in/fullstory.aspx?storyid=89}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱸᱰᱩ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱱᱚ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ]] ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱯᱨᱮᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ICC ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱰᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱑᱙᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱨᱰᱥ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱯᱤᱞ ᱫᱮᱣ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ (Feat) ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |title=Dhoni's world cup bat sold for Rs. 72 lakhs |publisher=Ndtv.com |date=19 July 2011 |accessdate=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007225807/http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |archive-date=7 October 2012|df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Keenan Stadium aerial view.jpg|thumb|left|200px| ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱮᱟᱨᱰᱤ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱤᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱸᱰᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱣᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱨᱚᱱ]], [[ᱥᱟᱦᱵᱟᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱫᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱟᱵᱷ ᱛᱤᱣᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ U/ ᱑᱙ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱫᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱢᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱠᱲᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱵᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱝᱫᱟᱡᱽ [[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱠᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱟᱝᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱰ (represented) ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
[[File:MS Dhoni.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱭᱟᱲ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱴᱮᱱ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi's new stadium set to host maiden One-Day International on January 19 | date=19 October 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509010706/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | archive-date=9 May ᱒᱐ | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱟᱨ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱞ. ᱖ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱠᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ. ᱘ ᱠᱮ ᱠᱣᱟᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤ (Celebrity) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱭᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱠ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |title=Tennis takes Sania-Shoaib to Ranchi |accessdate=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408165410/http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |archive-date=8 April 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪᱟᱭᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ-ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱮᱠᱥᱮᱞ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱚᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ-ᱢᱮᱡᱽᱵᱟᱱᱤᱜ (co-hosted) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi franchise becomes third team in Hockey India League | date=14 September 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508225654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | archive-date=8 May 2013 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:J.R.D. Tata Stadium.jpg|260px|thumb|alt= The photo is the upgraded stadium of football club JFC|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]]
[[ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱞᱮᱠᱥ|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱥᱴᱥ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱥᱤ. ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ==
ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ - [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]]
[[File:Jonha falls.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

[[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ]] ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|title=Jharkhand registers 385% increase in foreign tourist visits|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051406/https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱩᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|title=BETLA NATIONAL PARK &amp; TIGER RESERVE|website=WebIndia123|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063337/https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|title=You Can Walk Amid Wildlife at Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary in Jharkhand|website=[[India.com]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051744/https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|title=Winter holiday rush at Betla, Netarhat|website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051715/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|title=Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary bursts at the seams of autumn season|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051250/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|archive-date=3 April 20᱒᱑}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[ᱞᱚᱫᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]
*[[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱣᱮᱫᱷᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱟᱥᱩᱠᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ]],
*[[ᱦᱩᱸᱰᱨᱩ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]],
*[[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]],
*[[ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ ᱡᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] (ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ)
* ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ ᱰᱮᱢ, ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ
* ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ 
* ᱪᱷᱤᱱᱢᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ
* ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱜᱷᱟᱜᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* [[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]]

==ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ==
*[[ᱯᱷᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱨᱟᱡᱟ)
* ᱫᱩᱨᱡᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱞ
*[[ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦ
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱛᱚ
*[[ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ]]
* ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ
* ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ  
* ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱬᱯᱟᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ 
* ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦᱫᱮᱣ 
* ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱛ ᱩᱢᱨᱟᱝᱣ ᱥᱤᱝ 
* ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ 
*[[ᱥᱤᱫᱚ-ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ]]
*[[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ. ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ.]]
*[[ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
*ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ
*ᱵᱤᱱᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
* ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱸᱫ ᱱᱚᱭᱚᱞ
*[[ᱯᱨᱤᱭᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱚᱯᱨᱟ]]
*[[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]]
*[[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]]
* ᱯᱩᱨᱱᱤᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱱᱤᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ 
*ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱫᱨᱤ 
*ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱫᱣᱟᱡ
*[[ᱤᱢᱛᱤᱭᱟᱡ ᱟᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱛᱟᱱᱩᱥᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱥᱣᱮᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]]
*[[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱤᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱚᱸᱛ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱟ]]

==ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ==

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ :-

===ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ===
{|
|- valign=top
|
* '''[[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱜᱟᱲᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱟᱣᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ]]
** [[ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ]]
** [[ᱦᱚᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]
** [[ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ]]
** [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
** [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]
** [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]
|
* '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
** [[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
|
* '''[[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ]]
** [[ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ]]
** [[ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]]
|}

==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ : ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ, ᱩᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱾

==ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ, ᱱᱤᱣᱥ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱹᱰᱤᱹ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|title=Jharkhand Media|website=mapsofindia.com|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430072908/https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱫᱮᱭᱱᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱ, ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ, ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ, ᱫᱟ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱸᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== 
{{Sister project links|voy=ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
'''ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ'''
* [https://jharkhand.gov.in ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731224922/https://jharkhand.gov.in/ |date=2023-07-31 }}

'''ᱥᱟᱠᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ'''
* [https://www.britannica.com/place/Jharkhand Jharkhand] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Jharkhand|Jharkhand}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|1960191}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
|North = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
|Southwest = [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]]
}}

{{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ}}
{{Authority control}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:States and territories established in 2000]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:2000 establishments in India]]</text>
      <sha1>neo5sbujaw6mf4duh42unow62gejfut</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192048</id>
      <parentid>192047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:42:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sdiabhon Sdiamhon</username>
        <id>1894</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ */</comment>
      <origin>192048</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61988" sha1="askt8x1cfm8mqu6h7361vvnnxg3qd1e" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox state 
&lt;!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions --&gt;
| official_name           = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| native_name             = ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ 
| other_name             =  Jharkhand
| native_name_lang        =
| type                    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| image_skyline          = {{Photomontage
| photo1a         = Dassam fall, ranchi.jpg
| photo2a         = Coal Mine.jpg
| photo2b         = Panchet Dam (DVC) Dhanbad.jpg 
| photo3a         = Baba Dham.jpg
| photo3b         = Sikharji jalmandir.jpg
| photo4a         = Shikharji Parasnath Giridih.jpg
| photo4b         = Patratu Driveway.jpg
| photo5a         = Wild Abode.jpg
| spacing         = 2
| position        = center
| color_border    = white
| color           = white
| size            = 275
| foot_montage    = 
}}
| image_caption          = From Top: [[ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]], ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱰᱮᱢ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱩᱱᱫᱤᱨ]], [[ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ]], [[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ]], [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ,  [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] 
| image_seal              =
| seal_alt                =  Jharkhand seal map
| image_map               =  IN-JH.svg
| map_alt                 = 
| map_caption             = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| image_seal              = Jharkhand Rajakiya Chihna.svg
| image_map1               = Districts of Jharkhand map.svg
| map_caption1             = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ
| latd  = 23.84
| longd = 91.28
| coor_pinpoint           = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| coordinates_type        = region:IN-JH_type:adm1st
| coordinates_display     = inline,title
| coordinates_footnotes   = 
| coordinates_region      = IN-JH
| subdivision_type        = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| established_title       = ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ
| established_date        = ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ 
| parts_type              = ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮᱞ 
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = ᱒᱔
| seat_type               = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ
| seat                    = [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
| seat1_type              = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ
| seat1                   = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]]
| government_footnotes    = 
| leader_title            = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ
| leader_name             = [[ᱥᱚᱱᱛᱳᱥ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱽᱣᱟᱨ]]
| leader_title1           = ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ
| leader_name1            = [[ᱦᱮᱢᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱱ]] ([[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ|ᱡᱢᱢ]])
| leader_title2           = ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ
| leader_name2            = [[ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ]] (᱘᱑ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title3           = ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name3            = (᱖ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| leader_title4           = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ
| leader_name4            = (᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ)
| unit_pref               =  ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤMetric&lt;!-- or US or UK --&gt;
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_total_km2          = ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖
| area_note               = 
| area_rank               = [[ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]]
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| population_total        = ᱓᱙,᱒᱘᱐,᱘᱑᱒
| population_as_of        = ᱒᱐᱑᱙
| population_rank         = ᱑᱓ ᱟᱜ
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_note         = 
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| iso_code                = [[ISO 3166-2:IN|IN-JH]]
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Human Development Index|HDI]]
| blank_info_sec1         = {{increase}} ᱐.᱕᱗᱘ (&lt;span style=&quot;color:#fc0;&quot;&gt;ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ&lt;/span&gt;)
| blank1_name_sec1        = HDI ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱞ
| blank1_info_sec1        = ᱓᱓ ᱭᱟᱜ 
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Literacy in India|ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱦᱟᱨ]]
| blank_info_sec2         = ᱖᱗.᱖% 
| blank1_name_sec2        = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| website                 = [http://jharkhand.nic.in jharkhand.nic.in]
| footnotes               =
{{Infobox region symbols 
| embedded = yes
| region   = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
| flag     = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ  = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| emblem   =
| language = [[File:Santali written in Ol Chiki script.svg|200px|left]] [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
| 
| animal   = [[File:Elephas maximus (Bandipur).jpg|70px]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]]
| bird     = [[File:Asian koel.jpg|70px]] [[ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱤ]]
| flower   = [[File:STS 001 Butea monosperma.jpg|70px]] [[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]
| tree     = [[File:Sal (Shorea robusta)- flowering canopy W Picture 117.jpg|70px]] [[ᱥᱟᱨᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]]
| food     =
| sweet    = 
}}
}}

'''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ''' {{IPA-sat|c’ʰarkʰɔ̃ɖ|3=LL-Q33965 (sat)-Maina Tudu-ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ.wav}}ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]], ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱐,᱗᱗᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾

==ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Nagpuri Shist Sahitya&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.322091/2015.322091.Nagpuri-Sisth_djvu.txt|title=Nagpuri Shist Sahitya|access-date=24 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱚᱲᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱥᱭᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱱᱟ (᱑᱒᱐᱐ ᱮᱰᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱩᱸᱰᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱒ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱡ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱧᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱚᱛᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱥᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gautam Kumar Bera-2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Gautam Kumar Bera|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|title=The unrest axle: ethno-social movements in Eastern India|publisher=Mittal Publications|year=2008|isbn=978-81-8324-145-8|pages=32–44|access-date=30 May 2020|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004170932/https://books.google.com/books?id=9qrmTdshzKQC&amp;pg=PA31|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=znJuAAAAMAAJ|title=Bihar|author=Ram Chandra Prasad|publisher=National Book Trust, India|year=1983|page=69|access-date=8 April 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
=== ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱨᱮᱡ (ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱡ) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱓᱒᱕ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱢᱚᱜᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱨᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

===ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱩᱱᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱑᱕᱗᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱲᱤᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱜᱤᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱡᱷᱚᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ, ᱑᱖᱕᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖᱗᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱡᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

===ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ===
᱑᱗᱖᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱰᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱹᱡᱽ - ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ

* ᱑᱗᱖᱙-᱑᱘᱐᱕: ᱪᱩᱣᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱒-᱑᱗᱘᱐: ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱘᱐-᱑᱗᱘᱕: ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾
* ᱑᱗᱙᱕-᱑᱘᱒᱑: ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱙᱓-᱑᱗᱙᱖: ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱟᱢᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱐᱐-᱑᱘᱐᱒: ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱑᱒: ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱗᱗᱐-᱑᱗᱗᱑: ᱪᱮᱨᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱭᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱓᱒-᱑᱘᱓᱓: ᱠᱷᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ, ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱥᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱓᱓-᱑᱘᱓᱔: ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕: ᱞᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱵᱟᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱕-᱑᱘᱖᱐: ᱥᱤᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱟᱜ  ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨ-ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱚᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱨᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱕᱗: ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫᱽᱞᱟᱞ, [[ᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ 
* ᱑᱘᱗᱔: ᱠᱷᱮᱨᱚᱣᱟᱲ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱞᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱤᱨᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱹᱡᱷᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱘᱐: ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ 
* ᱑᱘᱙᱕-᱑᱙᱐᱐: ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ 

ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱩᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱡᱚᱸ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱭᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ (᱒᱖᱐᱐᱐) ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱞ ᱟᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱫᱳᱲ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱹᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱲᱛᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩ ᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱴᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫᱽᱭᱚᱜᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱒᱐᱐᱐, ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱢ ᱦᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱒᱔ (ᱵᱟᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱙,᱗᱑᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱦᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ===
===ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ===
*ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱸᱭᱮᱸ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱾ 
*ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ : ᱚᱢᱚᱨᱠᱚᱸᱴᱚᱠ, ᱥᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱫᱷᱤ, ᱰᱮᱦᱨᱤ, ᱯᱟᱴᱱᱟ
*[[ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱜᱟᱰᱟᱺ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : (ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ) ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱤᱯ, ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ, ᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱞ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱥᱤᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱯᱤᱵᱟᱞᱞᱵᱽᱯᱩᱨ
*ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ : ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱢᱚᱭᱩᱨᱵᱷᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ; ᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱨᱟᱭᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
*[[ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] : ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ : ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱰᱷᱤᱯᱟᱹ (ᱛᱚᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ), ᱫᱟᱢᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ : ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ, ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ, ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ, ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ, ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ, [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]], ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ
*ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱲᱳ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱞᱤᱞᱟᱡᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱢᱟᱭᱩᱨᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ
*ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ

=== ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ===

[[File:Palaash flowers.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱩᱨᱩᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]]]]
[[File:Muta crocodile park.jpg|thumb|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱨᱢᱟᱡᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱭᱟᱱ|alt=]]
[[File:RAJNI.jpg|thumb| ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] [[ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ==
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱒.᱙᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖.᱙᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱐᱓ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱔᱗ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱗᱗.᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱦᱟᱛ ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱕᱐.᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2011census&gt;{{cite web|url=http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|title=Jharkhand Provisional Result-Census 2011-Data Sheet|work=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|publisher=Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India|accessdate=13 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170517080810/http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/data_files/jharkhand/Jharkhand%20Provisional%20Result%20Data%20sheet%20for%20release.pdf|archive-date=17 May 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;᱾

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
[[File:Coal Mine.jpg|thumb| [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ]]

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ-ᱠᱞᱮ]], [[ᱜᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱠᱟᱭᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱢᱟᱭᱤᱴ]], [[ᱪᱩᱱᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ]], [[ᱭᱩᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] 

===ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ - [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ :

* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ]] [[ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 
* ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ]] [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾
* ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱫᱽ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ (ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ) [[ᱜᱚᱢᱚ|ᱜᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱾ 
*[[ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ|ᱢᱤᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱞᱟᱸᱴ ᱾

==ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ==
===ᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱩ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|title=10 Dishes of Cuisine of Jharkhand you must try at least once in Life|date=30 September 2016|newspaper=Great Indian Food|language=en-US|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170203080725/https://greatindianfood.in/10-dishes-cuisine-jharkhand-must-try-least-life/|archive-date=3 February 2017|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|title=Jharkhand Tourism::Cusines|website=www.jharkhandtourism.in|access-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170226222111/http://jharkhandtourism.in/artculture/cuisines.htm|archive-date=26 February 2017|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱩᱜᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱷᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱞᱯᱩᱣᱟ, ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱰᱷᱚᱥᱠᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨᱥᱟ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ᱫᱩᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ (ᱜᱩᱯᱪᱩᱯ) ᱾ ᱯᱩᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱜᱽᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱯᱚᱦᱟ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|title=Rugra on a rain high - Mushroom demand shoots up in holy month of Shravan|website=www.telegraphindia.com|language=en|access-date=9 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190328191914/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rugra-on-a-rain-high-mushroom-demand-shoots-up-in-holy-month-of-shravan/cid/400619|archive-date=28 March 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱩᱱᱜᱟᱹ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |title=Tribal Food of Chota Nagpur |date=15 April 2016 |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418061544/https://indianvagabond.com/2016/04/15/tribal-food-of-chota-nagpur/ |archive-date=18 April 2019 |url-status=live  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ===
{{ᱢᱩᱬ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|}}
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]], [[ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ|ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱴᱷᱟ]], [[ᱦᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱳ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=30 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181014165012/http://www.newindianexpress.com/pti-news/2017/nov/03/jharkhand-govt-gives-approval-for-production-of-20-films-1690803.html |archive-date=14 October 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ==
[[File:Ranchi Airport Night View.jpg|thumb|[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ (IXR)]]]]
[[File:NH 33 Between Ramgarh and Chutupallu.jpg|thumb|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱲᱤ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱓᱓]]
[[File:Patratu , Jharkhand, INDIA.jpg|thumb|ᱵᱩᱨᱩ [[ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒]] 

===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ===
[[ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]], [[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]], [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]], [[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Ranchi Airport crosses one million mark of passengers. PASSENGERS|url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|website=Pioneer|publisher=www.dailypioneer.com|accessdate=6 April 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730152209/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi-airport-crosses-1-million-mark-of-passengers.html|archive-date=30 July 2017|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ|ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], [[ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Dhanbad, Dumka on chartered flight path |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |publisher=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |date=14 August 2011 |accessdate=29 December 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230235804/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1110814/jsp/frontpage/story_14377165.jsp |archive-date=30 December 2013 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱨᱮᱦᱮᱱᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ &lt;ref name=Highways&gt;{{cite web|title=National highways in Jharkhand|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=Press Information Bureau, Government of India|accessdate=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171213201556/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/mbErel.aspx?relid=147618|archive-date=13 December 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱸᱰᱥᱞᱟᱤᱰ (Landslide) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Multi-model port to come up at Sahibganj: Gadkari |url=http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |publisher=[[The Pioneer (newspaper)|The Pioneer]] |date=28 January 2016 |accessdate=17 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220148/http://www.dailypioneer.com/state-editions/ranchi/multi-model-port-to-come-up-at-sahibganj-gadkari.html |archive-date=22 August 2017 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ-ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ (plan) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ [[ᱜᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title= Sahibganj to be exim hub with a multimodal plan: Nitin Gadkari |url= http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |publisher= [[Business Standard]] |date= 13 October 2016 |accessdate= 17 June 2017 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170822220514/http://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/sahibganj-to-be-exim-hub-with-a-multimodal-plan-nitin-gadkari-116101300729_1.html |archive-date= 22 August 2017 |dead-url= no |df= dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ INR 6,500 ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱲ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ (Step) - ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|first=Rajat|last=Arora|title=L&amp;T to construct Sahibganj Multi modal transportation terminal|{{cite news|first=ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱛ|last=ᱟᱨᱚᱨᱟ|title=ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱝᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱤ ᱾|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-Sahebganj-malti-model-tarminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|publisher=[[ᱫᱟ ᱤᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱤᱢᱥ]]|date=19 October 2016|accessdate=᱑᱗ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170629231331/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/transportation/lt-to-construct-sahibganj-multi-modal-transportation-terminal/articleshow/54937877.cms|archive-date=᱒᱙ June ᱒᱐᱑᱗|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱨ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613 Rail funds up this time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211230/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/rail-funds-up-this-time-206613|date=30 March 2018}} [[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] 7 February 2018&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱗.᱖᱓% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱔᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱒᱑%) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |author=Dr. Arun C. Mehta |url=http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |title=District-specific Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001 |publisher=Educationforallinindia.com |date= |accessdate=12 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414170051/http://www.educationforallinindia.com/page157.html |archive-date=14 April 2010 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=National Family Health Survey, 1998–99: Fact Sheet, Jharkhand, Section: Basic Socio-Demographic Features of Jharkhand|page=3|url=http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|access-date=21 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071003195738/http://www.nfhsindia.org/data/jh/jhfctsum.pdf|archive-date=3 October 2007|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;
*[[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]: ᱗᱗.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱘.᱒᱐%)
*
*[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]: ᱗᱖.᱑᱓% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱗.᱓᱓%)
*[[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]: ᱗᱕.᱗᱑% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱕.᱖᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱔.᱗᱐%)
*
*[[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]: ᱗᱓.᱙᱒% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱓.᱕᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱓.᱔᱙%)
*[[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]: ᱗᱓.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱔.᱕᱐%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱖᱑.᱔᱖%)
*[[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]: ᱗᱐.᱔᱘% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱑᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱒᱕%)
*[[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱘᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱐᱑%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱖.᱑᱙%)
*[[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱓᱕% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱘᱑.᱒᱕%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱔.᱗᱗%)
*[[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱘.᱒᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱘.᱖᱒%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱗.᱘᱖%)
*[[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]: ᱖᱗.᱕᱙% (ᱠᱚᱲᱟ: ᱗᱖.᱐᱘%; ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ: ᱕᱙.᱙᱒%)

ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱡᱟᱱᱟ (JEPC) ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱰᱤᱯᱤᱤᱯᱤ, ᱮᱥᱮᱥᱮ, ᱱᱯᱤᱤᱡᱤᱤᱮᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱡᱤᱵᱤᱣᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=The poor state of girl child education in Jharkhand State|author=Sanjay Pandey|date=16 October 2007|website=MyNews.in|url=http://www.mynews.in/fullstory.aspx?storyid=89}}{{dead link|date=November 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱸᱰᱩ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱱᱚ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱑᱙᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ]] ᱚᱞᱟᱸᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱯᱨᱮᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ ICC ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱰᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱑᱙᱘᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱨᱰᱥ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱯᱤᱞ ᱫᱮᱣ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ (Feat) ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱒᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |title=Dhoni's world cup bat sold for Rs. 72 lakhs |publisher=Ndtv.com |date=19 July 2011 |accessdate=9 May 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121007225807/http://www.ndtv.com/article/sports-news/dhonis-world-cup-bat-sold-for-rs-72-lakhs-at-auction-120337 |archive-date=7 October 2012|df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Keenan Stadium aerial view.jpg|thumb|left|200px| ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱮᱟᱨᱰᱤ ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱤᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱤᱱᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱸᱰᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱣᱚᱨᱩᱬ ᱟᱨᱚᱱ]], [[ᱥᱟᱦᱵᱟᱡᱽ ᱱᱚᱫᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱣᱨᱟᱵᱷ ᱛᱤᱣᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ U/ ᱑᱙ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱮᱫᱫᱟ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱢᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱠᱲᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱛᱮᱱᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱵᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱝᱫᱟᱡᱽ [[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱟᱹᱯᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱮᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ [[ᱱᱤᱠᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱠᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱟᱝᱯᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱰ (represented) ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
[[File:MS Dhoni.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱭᱟᱲ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱴᱮᱱ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ]]

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱠ ᱴᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱜᱟᱛ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi's new stadium set to host maiden One-Day International on January 19 | date=19 October 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130509010706/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-10-19/ranchi/34583646_1_jsca-jharkhand-state-cricket-association-foundation-stone | archive-date=9 May ᱒᱐ | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt; 
ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮ.ᱠᱮ.ᱟᱨ. ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱞ. ᱖ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱵᱮᱴᱣᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱠᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ.ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ. ᱘ ᱠᱮ ᱠᱣᱟᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱤᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤ (Celebrity) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱢᱤᱨᱡᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱚᱭᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱞᱤᱠ]] ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |title=Tennis takes Sania-Shoaib to Ranchi |accessdate=4 February 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110408165410/http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/tennis-takes-sania-shoaib-to-ranchi-7204 |archive-date=8 April 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪᱟᱭᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ-ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱮᱠᱥᱮᱞ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱟᱭᱱᱚᱥ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ-ᱢᱮᱡᱽᱵᱟᱱᱤᱜ (co-hosted) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news | url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | work=The Times Of India | title=Ranchi franchise becomes third team in Hockey India League | date=14 September 2012 | access-date=18 March 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508225654/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-14/top-stories/33845464_1_hockey-india-league-sport-joint-venture | archive-date=8 May 2013 | df=dmy-all }}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:J.R.D. Tata Stadium.jpg|260px|thumb|alt= The photo is the upgraded stadium of football club JFC|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ]]
[[ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱞᱮᱠᱥ|ᱡᱮ.ᱟᱨ.ᱰᱤ. ᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱥᱯᱚᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ, ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱥᱴᱥ ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱥ. ᱴᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱵᱳᱞ ᱠᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱥᱮᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱥᱤ. ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱢᱩᱬ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ==
ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ - [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]]
[[File:Jonha falls.jpg|thumb|[[ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]]]
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

[[ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ]], [[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱵᱮᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ]] ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|title=Jharkhand registers 385% increase in foreign tourist visits|website=[[Hindustan Times]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051406/https://www.hindustantimes.com/ranchi/tourists-discover-jharkhand/story-nhkaXu7zVfEYXcLsuOnsbI.html|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱩᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|title=BETLA NATIONAL PARK &amp; TIGER RESERVE|website=WebIndia123|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063337/https://tourism.webindia123.com/tourism/wildlife/tigerreserves/betla_national_park/index.htm|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|title=You Can Walk Amid Wildlife at Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary in Jharkhand|website=[[India.com]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051744/https://www.india.com/news-travel/you-can-walk-amid-wildlife-at-dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-in-jharkhand-3448450/|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|title=Winter holiday rush at Betla, Netarhat|website=[[The Telegraph (Kolkata)|The Telegraph]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051715/https://www.telegraphindia.com/states/jharkhand/winter-holiday-rush-at-betla-netarhat/cid/1340501|archive-date=3 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|title=Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary bursts at the seams of autumn season|website=[[The Pioneer (India)|The Pioneer]]|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190403051250/https://www.dailypioneer.com/2019/state-editions/dalma-wildlife-sanctuary-bursts-at-the-seams-of-autumn-season.html|archive-date=3 April 20᱒᱑}}&lt;/ref&gt;

*[[ᱞᱚᱫᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]
*[[ᱣᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱸᱫᱤᱨ, ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱟᱨ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱣᱮᱫᱷᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱟᱥᱩᱠᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ]],
*[[ᱦᱩᱸᱰᱨᱩ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ]],
*[[ᱫᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱤᱨ]],
*[[ᱵᱮᱛᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]],
*[[ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱡᱤ ᱡᱮᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] (ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱥᱱᱟᱛᱷ)
* ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ ᱰᱮᱢ, ᱯᱟᱛᱨᱟᱛᱩ
* ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱚᱱᱦᱟ 
* ᱪᱷᱤᱱᱢᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ
* ᱯᱟᱸᱪᱜᱷᱟᱜᱷ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ,
* [[ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]]

==ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ==
*[[ᱯᱷᱟᱬᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱨᱟᱡᱟ)
* ᱫᱩᱨᱡᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱞ
*[[ᱢᱮᱫᱽᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱭ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦ
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
* ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱛᱚ
*[[ᱛᱤᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ]]
* ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ
* ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ
* ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ  
* ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱬᱯᱟᱛ ᱨᱟᱭ 
* ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱦᱫᱮᱣ 
* ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱛ ᱩᱢᱨᱟᱝᱣ ᱥᱤᱝ 
* ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱤᱨᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱞᱤ 
*[[ᱥᱤᱫᱚ-ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱦᱩ]]
*[[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱥᱟ. ᱢᱩᱸᱰᱟ.]]
*[[ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
*ᱟᱞᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱮᱠᱠᱟ
*ᱵᱤᱱᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
* ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱢᱩᱠᱩᱸᱫ ᱱᱚᱭᱚᱞ
*[[ᱯᱨᱤᱭᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱪᱚᱯᱨᱟ]]
*[[ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤ]]
*[[ᱫᱤᱯᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ]]
* ᱯᱩᱨᱱᱤᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱛᱚ
*ᱱᱤᱠᱤ ᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ 
*ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱫᱨᱤ 
*ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱫᱣᱟᱡ
*[[ᱤᱢᱛᱤᱭᱟᱡ ᱟᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱛᱟᱱᱩᱥᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱥᱣᱮᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]]
*[[ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱩᱨᱤᱢᱟ ᱛᱩᱞᱤ]]
*[[ᱤᱥᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱟᱛᱛᱟ]]
*[[ᱡᱚᱭᱚᱸᱛ ᱥᱤᱝᱦᱟ]]

==ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ==

ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱮᱞᱯᱩᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ :-

===ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ===
{|
|- valign=top
|
* '''[[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱜᱟᱲᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱟᱣᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱢᱩ]]
** [[ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱟᱛᱮᱦᱟᱨ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱪᱟᱛᱨᱟ]]
** [[ᱦᱚᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]
** [[ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤᱦ]]
** [[ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱰᱟᱨᱢᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]
** [[ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱠᱟᱨᱚ]]
** [[ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱢᱜᱚᱲ]]
|
* '''[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ]]
** [[ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱦᱟᱨᱫᱟᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱩᱢᱞᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱢᱰᱮᱜᱟ]]
** [[ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱷᱩᱸᱴᱤ]]
|
* '''[[ᱠᱚᱞᱦᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟᱹᱭᱠᱮᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱶᱟ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱷᱩᱢ]]
|
* '''[[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]'''
** [[ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱮᱣᱜᱷᱚᱨ]]
** [[ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱛᱟᱲᱟ]]
** [[ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟᱹ]]
** [[ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱚᱰᱰᱟ]]
** [[ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱠᱩᱲ]]
** [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]]
|}

==ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ : ᱩᱨᱫᱩ, ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱹ, ᱩᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱾

==ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ==
ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ, ᱱᱤᱣᱥ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱹᱰᱤᱹ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|title=Jharkhand Media|website=mapsofindia.com|access-date=30 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190430072908/https://www.mapsofindia.com/jharkhand/media.html|archive-date=30 April 2019|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ, ᱫᱮᱭᱱᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱ, ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱠᱟᱞ, ᱯᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱨᱟᱺᱪᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ, ᱫᱟ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱸᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== 
{{Sister project links|voy=ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
'''ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ'''
* [https://jharkhand.gov.in ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230731224922/https://jharkhand.gov.in/ |date=2023-07-31 }}

'''ᱥᱟᱠᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ'''
* [https://www.britannica.com/place/Jharkhand Jharkhand] ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' entry
* {{dmoz|Regional/Asia/India/Jharkhand|Jharkhand}}
* {{osmrelation-inline|1960191}}

{{Geographic location
|Centre = ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ
|North = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]]
|Northeast =
|East = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
|Southeast =
|South = [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ]]
|Southwest = [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]]
|West =
|Northwest = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]]
}}

{{ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ}}
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ}}
{{Authority control}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:States and territories established in 2000]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:2000 establishments in India]]</text>
      <sha1>askt8x1cfm8mqu6h7361vvnnxg3qd1e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35907</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192052</id>
      <parentid>191865</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T02:13:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>192052</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31346" sha1="4e1bs027o0cxz79v3wthya65qkmphju" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>4e1bs027o0cxz79v3wthya65qkmphju</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192053</id>
      <parentid>192052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T02:15:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>192053</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31381" sha1="8474p1uz9ztdwmszzlcuf19aqhsopd8" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="44245" sha1="qx82ygnalnlfpe7uycva0t8qbdrjt38" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ==

=== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ===
[[File:Gratopsaltria Nigrofuscata Young.jpg|upright|thumb|ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ミンミンゼミ|minminzemi}}, ''[[Hyalessa maculaticollis]]'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]
[[File:Platypleura kaempferi (NiiNii cicada).png|200px|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ニイニイゼミ|nīnīzemi}}, ''Platypleura kaempferi'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier/&gt; [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ([[prothorax]]) ᱫᱚ [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ]] (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;
[[File:20190828 semi uka.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾]]

ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Imago|ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (''Megapomponia imperatoria''), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|18|-|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flindt |first1=Rainer |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |page=10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Compound eye|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ]] (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt; [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Moulds |first=Maxwell Sydney |title=Australian Cicadas |publisher=New South Wales University Press |year=1990 |page=10 |isbn=978-0-86840-139-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Operculum (animal)|ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]] (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Ovipositor|ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ]] (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Superhydrophobic coating|ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ]] (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wisdom |first1=Katrina M. |last2=Watson |first2=Jolanta A. |last3=Qu |first3=Xiaopeng |last4=Liu |first4=Fangjie |last5=Watson |first5=Gregory S. |last6=Chen |first6=Chuan-Hua |title=Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 April 2013 |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=7992–7997 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1210770110 |pmid=23630277 |pmc=3657783 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.7992W |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite magazine |author=Charles Q. Choi |date=April 29, 2013 |title=Cicada Wings Are Self-Cleaning |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cicada-wings-self-cleaning/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bacteria|ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ [[Biomaterial|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pogodin |first1=Sergey |last2=Hasan |first2=Jafar |last3=Baulin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Webb |first4=Hayden K. |last5=Truong |first5=Vi Khanh |last6=Phong Nguyen |first6=The Hong |last7=Boshkovikj |first7=Veselin |last8=Fluke |first8=Christopher J. |last9=Watson |first9=Gregory S. |last10=Watson |first10=Jolanta A. |last11=Crawford |first11=Russell J. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Elena P. |title=Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces |journal=Biophysical Journal |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=835–840 |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046 |pmid=23442962 |pmc=3576530 |bibcode=2013BpJ...104..835P}}
*{{cite web |author=Bob Yirka |date=March 6, 2013 |title=Researchers find cicada wing structure able to kill bacteria on contact (w/ video) |website=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/notes/2013-03-cicada-wing-bacteria-contact-video.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qx82ygnalnlfpe7uycva0t8qbdrjt38</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192055</id>
      <parentid>192054</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T03:48:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/192054|192054]] by [[Special:Contributions/Sunia Marndi|Sunia Marndi]] ([[User talk:Sunia Marndi|talk]])</comment>
      <origin>192055</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="31381" sha1="8474p1uz9ztdwmszzlcuf19aqhsopd8" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>192056</id>
      <parentid>192055</parentid>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="44278" sha1="rntf9sjvgv2c4heeb611iu3dutt5jkh" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ==

=== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ===
[[File:Gratopsaltria Nigrofuscata Young.jpg|upright|thumb|ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ミンミンゼミ|minminzemi}}, ''[[Hyalessa maculaticollis]]'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]
[[File:Platypleura kaempferi (NiiNii cicada).png|200px|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ニイニイゼミ|nīnīzemi}}, ''Platypleura kaempferi'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier/&gt; [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ([[prothorax]]) ᱫᱚ [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ]] (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;
[[File:20190828 semi uka.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾]]

ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Imago|ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (''Megapomponia imperatoria''), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|18|-|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flindt |first1=Rainer |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |page=10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Compound eye|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ]] (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt; [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Moulds |first=Maxwell Sydney |title=Australian Cicadas |publisher=New South Wales University Press |year=1990 |page=10 |isbn=978-0-86840-139-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Operculum (animal)|ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]] (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Ovipositor|ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ]] (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Superhydrophobic coating|ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ]] (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wisdom |first1=Katrina M. |last2=Watson |first2=Jolanta A. |last3=Qu |first3=Xiaopeng |last4=Liu |first4=Fangjie |last5=Watson |first5=Gregory S. |last6=Chen |first6=Chuan-Hua |title=Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 April 2013 |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=7992–7997 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1210770110 |pmid=23630277 |pmc=3657783 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.7992W |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite magazine |author=Charles Q. Choi |date=April 29, 2013 |title=Cicada Wings Are Self-Cleaning |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cicada-wings-self-cleaning/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bacteria|ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ [[Biomaterial|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pogodin |first1=Sergey |last2=Hasan |first2=Jafar |last3=Baulin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Webb |first4=Hayden K. |last5=Truong |first5=Vi Khanh |last6=Phong Nguyen |first6=The Hong |last7=Boshkovikj |first7=Veselin |last8=Fluke |first8=Christopher J. |last9=Watson |first9=Gregory S. |last10=Watson |first10=Jolanta A. |last11=Crawford |first11=Russell J. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Elena P. |title=Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces |journal=Biophysical Journal |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=835–840 |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046 |pmid=23442962 |pmc=3576530 |bibcode=2013BpJ...104..835P}}
*{{cite web |author=Bob Yirka |date=March 6, 2013 |title=Researchers find cicada wing structure able to kill bacteria on contact (w/ video) |website=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/notes/2013-03-cicada-wing-bacteria-contact-video.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>rntf9sjvgv2c4heeb611iu3dutt5jkh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192057</id>
      <parentid>192056</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T04:04:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ */</comment>
      <origin>192057</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="83970" sha1="69p8xm01fywykjuevmzvfpw96j5cnnc" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ==

=== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ===
[[File:Gratopsaltria Nigrofuscata Young.jpg|upright|thumb|ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ミンミンゼミ|minminzemi}}, ''[[Hyalessa maculaticollis]]'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]
[[File:Platypleura kaempferi (NiiNii cicada).png|200px|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ニイニイゼミ|nīnīzemi}}, ''Platypleura kaempferi'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier/&gt; [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ([[prothorax]]) ᱫᱚ [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ]] (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;
[[File:20190828 semi uka.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾]]

ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Imago|ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (''Megapomponia imperatoria''), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|18|-|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flindt |first1=Rainer |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |page=10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Compound eye|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ]] (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt; [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Moulds |first=Maxwell Sydney |title=Australian Cicadas |publisher=New South Wales University Press |year=1990 |page=10 |isbn=978-0-86840-139-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Operculum (animal)|ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]] (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Ovipositor|ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ]] (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Superhydrophobic coating|ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ]] (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wisdom |first1=Katrina M. |last2=Watson |first2=Jolanta A. |last3=Qu |first3=Xiaopeng |last4=Liu |first4=Fangjie |last5=Watson |first5=Gregory S. |last6=Chen |first6=Chuan-Hua |title=Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 April 2013 |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=7992–7997 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1210770110 |pmid=23630277 |pmc=3657783 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.7992W |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite magazine |author=Charles Q. Choi |date=April 29, 2013 |title=Cicada Wings Are Self-Cleaning |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cicada-wings-self-cleaning/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bacteria|ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ [[Biomaterial|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pogodin |first1=Sergey |last2=Hasan |first2=Jafar |last3=Baulin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Webb |first4=Hayden K. |last5=Truong |first5=Vi Khanh |last6=Phong Nguyen |first6=The Hong |last7=Boshkovikj |first7=Veselin |last8=Fluke |first8=Christopher J. |last9=Watson |first9=Gregory S. |last10=Watson |first10=Jolanta A. |last11=Crawford |first11=Russell J. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Elena P. |title=Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces |journal=Biophysical Journal |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=835–840 |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046 |pmid=23442962 |pmc=3576530 |bibcode=2013BpJ...104..835P}}
*{{cite web |author=Bob Yirka |date=March 6, 2013 |title=Researchers find cicada wing structure able to kill bacteria on contact (w/ video) |website=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/notes/2013-03-cicada-wing-bacteria-contact-video.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ===

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[Diceroprocta apache]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ [[Evaporative cooling|ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ]] (evaporative cooling) ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Sweating|ᱩᱫᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ {{convert|39|C|F|0}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱟᱢ ([[tergum]]) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ]] (xylem sap) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱕ °C ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hadley |first1=Neil F. |last2=Quinlan |first2=Michael C. |last3=Kennedy |first3=Michael L. |date=1991 |title=Evaporative cooling in the desert cicada: thermal efficiency and water/metabolic costs |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=159 |issue=1 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.1242/jeb.159.1.269 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Toolson |first=Eric C. |title=Water Profligacy as an Adaptation to Hot Deserts: Water Loss Rates and Evaporative Cooling in the Sonoran Desert Cicada, Diceroprocta apache |journal=Physiological Zoology |volume=60 |issue=4 |year=1987 |pages=379–385 |doi=10.1086/physzool.60.4.30157899 |s2cid=87904484 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''Magicicada tredecem'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Toolson |first1=Eric C. |last2=Toolson |first2=Elizabeth K. |title=Evaporative cooling and endothermy in the 13-year periodical cicada, Magicicada tredecem |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |year=1991 |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=109–115 |doi=10.1007/BF00258754 |s2cid=23530728 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒ °C (᱔᱐ °F) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;/&gt;

=== ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ===

[[File:EB1911 cicada tymbal structure.png|thumb|upright=1.1|ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ:&lt;br /&gt;a, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱯᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;b, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbals) ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;c, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, [[Muscle|ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;d, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ;&lt;br /&gt;e, ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ]]
ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ &quot;ᱨᱟᱹᱲ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbal) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[Resilin|ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱞᱤᱱ]] (resilin) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ (stridulation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Subpsaltria yangi]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Changqing |last2=Wei |first2=Cong |title=Intraspecific sexual mimicry for finding females in a cicada: males produce 'female sounds' to gain reproductive benefit |journal=Animal Behaviour |date=April 2015 |volume=102 |pages=69–76 |doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.013 |s2cid=53170339 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ (membranous coverings) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ (resonant cavities) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier&gt;{{cite book|author1=Cuvier, Georges |author2= Blyth, Edward |author3= Mudie, Robert |author4=Johnston, George| author5= Westwood, John Obadiah |author6= Carpenter, William Benjamin |title=The Animal Kingdom: Arranged After Its Organization, Forming a Natural History of Animals, and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPvRAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA567 |year=1851 |publisher=W. S. Orr and Company |pages=567–570}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ([[sound box]]) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱞᱤᱠ&quot; (click) ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ([[Invertebrate trachea|tracheae]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (mating songs) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt; [[Tettigarctidae|ᱛᱮᱛᱤᱜᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱰ]] (ᱥᱮ ᱩᱵ ᱟᱱ) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (communication) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Primitive (phylogenetics)|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Claridge |first1=Michael F. |last2=Morgan |first2=John C. |last3=Moulds |first3=Maxwell S. |title=Substrate-transmitted acoustic signals of the primitive cicada, Tettigarcta crinita Distant (Hemiptera Cicadoidea, Tettigarctidae) |journal=Journal of Natural History |date=December 1999 |volume=33 |issue=12 |pages=1831–1834 |doi=10.1080/002229399299752 |bibcode=1999JNatH..33.1831C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Listen |filename=New_Zealand_cicada_song.ogg | title=''Amphipsalta zelandica'' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description=ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱒᱐᱐᱖
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| filename3=Cicadas_in_Greece.ogg |title3=ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ | description3=ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, [[Ithaca (island)|ᱤᱛᱷᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| filename4=Cicada_calling_in_Irving,_TX_in_June_of_2012.ogg |title4=ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ 'Neotibicen superbus' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description4 =ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱟᱥ, ᱒᱐᱑ canvas}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Fidicinini|Fidicina rana]]'' ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{convert|29|C|F|0}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (tymbal muscles) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Aidley | first1 =D. J. | last2=White | first2=D.C.S. |date=1969 | title=Mechanical properties of glycerinated fibres from the tymbal muscles of a Brazilian cicada |journal=[[Journal of Physiology]] |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=179–192 |pmid=5347716 |pmc=1348633 | doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008959}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Circadian rhythm|᱒᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Turpin |first1=Tom |title=Sound of Insect Music Ushers in Fall Season |url=https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |publisher=Purdue University |access-date=27 August 2015 |date=11 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920165622/https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |archive-date=20 September 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Poikilotherm|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟᱭᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Villet |first2=Martin H. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Hot-blooded singers: endothermy facilitates crepuscular signaling in African platypleurine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleura spp.) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=July 2003 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=305–308 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0428-1 |pmid=12883772 |s2cid=9090814 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..305S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Kanakia (cicada)|Kanakia gigas]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Froggattoides typicus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ (tropical forests) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Boulard |first1=Michel |chapter=Acoustic Signals, Diversity and Behaviour of Cicadas (Cicadidae, Hemiptera) |pages=349–368 |doi=10.1201/9781420039337-31 |title=Insect Sounds and Communication |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-429-12200-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ewart |first1=A. |last2=Popple |first2=L. W. |title=Songs and calling behaviour of 'Froggattoides typicus' Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), a nocturnally singing cicada |journal=The Australian Entomologist |volume=34 |issue=4 |date=December 2007 |pages=127–139 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.070734889311858 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=J. |last2=Aubin |first2=T. |title=Is microhabitat segregation between two cicada species (''Tibicina haematodes'' and ''Cicada orni'') due to calling song propagation constraints? |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=2003-07-01 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=322–326 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0432-5 |pmid=12883776 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..322S |s2cid=25048233 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=Jérôme |title=Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae) |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2002-03-01 |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=379–394 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00030.x |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ, ''[[Okanagana|Okanagana pallidula]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Okanagana vanduzeei|O. vanduzeei]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly |title=No acoustic benefit to subterranean calling in the cicada ''Okanagana pallidula'' Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae) |journal=Great Basin Naturalist |date=1995-10-31 |volume=55 |issue=4 |url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol55/iss4/12/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tympanal organ|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ]] (tympanum) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱐ [[Sound#Sound Pressure Level|dB (SPL)]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;5050.co.za&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2 June 2002 |title=Cicada noise |url=http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004162419/http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-date=4 October 2006 |access-date=3 August 2011 |work=50/50 |location=[[New Zealand|NZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Craig | first=Owen | publisher=[[ABC Science]] | place=[[Australia]] | date=2001-02-17 | title=Summer of singing cicadas | url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2001/02/17/2822486.htm | access-date=23 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ &quot;ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;insecteducation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Insect education |date=2008-09-09 |title=Arthropoda |url=http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |access-date=2009-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040007/http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ-ᱴᱷᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ/ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (distress call) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ-ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (courtship songs) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (encounter calls) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Villet |first1=Martin H. |last2=Sanborn |first2=Allen F. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |date=2003 |volume=81 |issue=8 |pages=1437–1444 |doi=10.1139/z03-119 |bibcode=2003CaJZ...81.1437V }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (entomologists) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=E. |last2=Price |first2=B. W. |last3 =Rycroft | first3=S. D. | last4= Villet |first4 = M. H. |date=2015 |title=Global Cicada Sound Collection I: Recordings from South Africa and Malawi by B. W. Price &amp; M. H. Villet and harvesting of BioAcoustica data by GBIF |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |volume=3 |issue=3 |article-number=e5792 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.3.e5792|pmid=26379465 |pmc=4568402 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ===

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟẺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᰰᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ([[Nymph (biology)|nymphs]]) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ {{Convert|6 - 24|in|cm|abbr=on}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ([[xylem]]) ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱡ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱳᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ([[instar]]) ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]), ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ([[exuviae]]) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Grimaldi&gt;{{cite book|author1=Grimaldi, David |author2=Engel, Michael S. |title=Evolution of the Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odQmAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA308 |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-26877-7 |page=308}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒-᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[Magicicada]]'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ &quot;ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱰᱥ&quot; (broods/ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱠ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIII), ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑Labels ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIX) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman&gt;{{cite news| last=Milman | first=Oliver | title=US braces for cicadas by the trillion as two broods of periodic insects coincide | newspaper=The Observer| date=7 April 2024 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/07/cicada-geddon-brood-season-midwest-eastern}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱳ (cicada killer wasp) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ (praying mantis) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last=Haga | first=Enoch | chapter=6. Eratosthenes goes bugs! | at=pp. 71–80, fig. 8, table 9 | title=Exploring Prime Numbers on Your PC and the Internet | publisher=Enoch Haga | year=1994–2007 | lccn=2007900755 | isbn=978-1-885794-24-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia | last=Haga | first=Enoch | title=Sequence A161664, Safe periods for the emergence of cicada species on prime number cycles | url=https://oeis.org/A161664 | editor-first=NJA | editor-last=Sloane | encyclopedia=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences | year=2009}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:7petalJade.jpg | format=[[JPEG]] | type=image | title=Scanjet image of 7-petal flower from Jade plant approximately 25 years or more years old in Livermore, California |publisher= Wikimedia | access-date=20 September 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱘ canvas (᱕ × ᱑᱗) ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ (non-prime) ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=dijusto&gt;{{citation |last=Di Justo | first=Patrick | title=The Cicada's Love Affair With Prime Numbers | magazine=The New Yorker | date=13 May 2013 | url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-cicadas-love-affair-with-prime-numbers}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (hypothesis) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (ice ages) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (hybridized), ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ [[prime number|ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Yoshimura, J. |year=1997|title= The Evolutionary Origins of Periodical Cicadas During Ice Ages|journal= The American Naturalist|volume= 149|issue=1|pages= 112–124|doi=10.1086/285981|bibcode=1997ANat..149..112Y |s2cid=84915706}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ (midwestern) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱒᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱑᱓ × ᱑᱗) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman/&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;  &gt;

File:Emerging cicada.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ
File:Cicada Close-Up.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
File:Cicada skin.jpg|ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ
File:Cicada_exuviae_clinging_to_a_leaf.jpg|alt=An empty cicada skin captured in June 2024 in Rab Croatia|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[oak|ᱳᱠ]], [[cypress|ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱮᱥ]], [[willow|ᱩᱭᱞᱳ]], [[Fraxinus|ᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[maple|ᱢᱮᱯᱞ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ (xylem) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. (2007). ''The Songs of Insects''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 184–185. {{ISBN|0618663975}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm |title=Periodical Cicadas - Genus Magicicada |access-date=4 June 2011 |archive-date=21 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921220226/http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ-ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ (excrete) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cicadamania.com/cicadas/do-cicadas-pee/ | title=Do cicadas pee? | date=28 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱴ (jet) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ (mammals) ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/science/cicadas-pee-stream.html |title=When Cicadas Emerge, Things Might Get a Little Wet |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author=Challita, E. J., &amp; Bhamla, M. S. |date=2024 |title=Unifying fluidic excretion across life from cicadas to elephants |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=121 |issue=13 |article-number=e2317878121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2317878121|pmid=38466877 |pmc=10990113 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12117878C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (Locomotion) ===

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱣᱪᱮᱱᱳᱨᱦᱤᱱᱪᱷᱟ (Auchenorrhyncha) ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ (saltation) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burrows |first1=M. |title=Jumping mechanisms of treehopper insects (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae) |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=March 2013 |volume= 216|issue=5|pages=788–799 |doi=10.1242/jeb.078741 |pmid=23155084|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
&lt;references /&gt;</text>
      <sha1>69p8xm01fywykjuevmzvfpw96j5cnnc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192059</id>
      <parentid>192057</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T04:12:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ */</comment>
      <origin>192059</origin>
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      <text bytes="84444" sha1="2s63pxh9qbfnfyk4fnl8l90a5bass5a" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ==

=== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ===
[[File:Gratopsaltria Nigrofuscata Young.jpg|upright|thumb|ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ミンミンゼミ|minminzemi}}, ''[[Hyalessa maculaticollis]]'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]
[[File:Platypleura kaempferi (NiiNii cicada).png|200px|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ニイニイゼミ|nīnīzemi}}, ''Platypleura kaempferi'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier/&gt; [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ([[prothorax]]) ᱫᱚ [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ]] (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;
[[File:20190828 semi uka.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾]]

ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Imago|ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (''Megapomponia imperatoria''), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|18|-|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flindt |first1=Rainer |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |page=10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Compound eye|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ]] (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt; [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Moulds |first=Maxwell Sydney |title=Australian Cicadas |publisher=New South Wales University Press |year=1990 |page=10 |isbn=978-0-86840-139-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Operculum (animal)|ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]] (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Ovipositor|ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ]] (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Superhydrophobic coating|ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ]] (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wisdom |first1=Katrina M. |last2=Watson |first2=Jolanta A. |last3=Qu |first3=Xiaopeng |last4=Liu |first4=Fangjie |last5=Watson |first5=Gregory S. |last6=Chen |first6=Chuan-Hua |title=Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 April 2013 |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=7992–7997 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1210770110 |pmid=23630277 |pmc=3657783 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.7992W |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite magazine |author=Charles Q. Choi |date=April 29, 2013 |title=Cicada Wings Are Self-Cleaning |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cicada-wings-self-cleaning/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bacteria|ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ [[Biomaterial|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pogodin |first1=Sergey |last2=Hasan |first2=Jafar |last3=Baulin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Webb |first4=Hayden K. |last5=Truong |first5=Vi Khanh |last6=Phong Nguyen |first6=The Hong |last7=Boshkovikj |first7=Veselin |last8=Fluke |first8=Christopher J. |last9=Watson |first9=Gregory S. |last10=Watson |first10=Jolanta A. |last11=Crawford |first11=Russell J. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Elena P. |title=Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces |journal=Biophysical Journal |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=835–840 |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046 |pmid=23442962 |pmc=3576530 |bibcode=2013BpJ...104..835P}}
*{{cite web |author=Bob Yirka |date=March 6, 2013 |title=Researchers find cicada wing structure able to kill bacteria on contact (w/ video) |website=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/notes/2013-03-cicada-wing-bacteria-contact-video.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ===

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[Diceroprocta apache]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ [[Evaporative cooling|ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ]] (evaporative cooling) ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Sweating|ᱩᱫᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ {{convert|39|C|F|0}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱟᱢ ([[tergum]]) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ]] (xylem sap) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱕ °C ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hadley |first1=Neil F. |last2=Quinlan |first2=Michael C. |last3=Kennedy |first3=Michael L. |date=1991 |title=Evaporative cooling in the desert cicada: thermal efficiency and water/metabolic costs |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=159 |issue=1 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.1242/jeb.159.1.269 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Toolson |first=Eric C. |title=Water Profligacy as an Adaptation to Hot Deserts: Water Loss Rates and Evaporative Cooling in the Sonoran Desert Cicada, Diceroprocta apache |journal=Physiological Zoology |volume=60 |issue=4 |year=1987 |pages=379–385 |doi=10.1086/physzool.60.4.30157899 |s2cid=87904484 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''Magicicada tredecem'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Toolson |first1=Eric C. |last2=Toolson |first2=Elizabeth K. |title=Evaporative cooling and endothermy in the 13-year periodical cicada, Magicicada tredecem |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |year=1991 |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=109–115 |doi=10.1007/BF00258754 |s2cid=23530728 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒ °C (᱔᱐ °F) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;/&gt;

=== ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ===

[[File:EB1911 cicada tymbal structure.png|thumb|upright=1.1|ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ:&lt;br /&gt;a, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱯᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;b, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbals) ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;c, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, [[Muscle|ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;d, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ;&lt;br /&gt;e, ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ]]
ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ &quot;ᱨᱟᱹᱲ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbal) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[Resilin|ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱞᱤᱱ]] (resilin) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ (stridulation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Subpsaltria yangi]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Changqing |last2=Wei |first2=Cong |title=Intraspecific sexual mimicry for finding females in a cicada: males produce 'female sounds' to gain reproductive benefit |journal=Animal Behaviour |date=April 2015 |volume=102 |pages=69–76 |doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.013 |s2cid=53170339 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ (membranous coverings) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ (resonant cavities) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier&gt;{{cite book|author1=Cuvier, Georges |author2= Blyth, Edward |author3= Mudie, Robert |author4=Johnston, George| author5= Westwood, John Obadiah |author6= Carpenter, William Benjamin |title=The Animal Kingdom: Arranged After Its Organization, Forming a Natural History of Animals, and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPvRAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA567 |year=1851 |publisher=W. S. Orr and Company |pages=567–570}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ([[sound box]]) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱞᱤᱠ&quot; (click) ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ([[Invertebrate trachea|tracheae]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (mating songs) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt; [[Tettigarctidae|ᱛᱮᱛᱤᱜᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱰ]] (ᱥᱮ ᱩᱵ ᱟᱱ) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (communication) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Primitive (phylogenetics)|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Claridge |first1=Michael F. |last2=Morgan |first2=John C. |last3=Moulds |first3=Maxwell S. |title=Substrate-transmitted acoustic signals of the primitive cicada, Tettigarcta crinita Distant (Hemiptera Cicadoidea, Tettigarctidae) |journal=Journal of Natural History |date=December 1999 |volume=33 |issue=12 |pages=1831–1834 |doi=10.1080/002229399299752 |bibcode=1999JNatH..33.1831C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Listen |filename=New_Zealand_cicada_song.ogg | title=''Amphipsalta zelandica'' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description=ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱒᱐᱐᱖
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| filename3=Cicadas_in_Greece.ogg |title3=ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ | description3=ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, [[Ithaca (island)|ᱤᱛᱷᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| filename4=Cicada_calling_in_Irving,_TX_in_June_of_2012.ogg |title4=ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ 'Neotibicen superbus' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description4 =ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱟᱥ, ᱒᱐᱑ canvas}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Fidicinini|Fidicina rana]]'' ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{convert|29|C|F|0}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (tymbal muscles) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Aidley | first1 =D. J. | last2=White | first2=D.C.S. |date=1969 | title=Mechanical properties of glycerinated fibres from the tymbal muscles of a Brazilian cicada |journal=[[Journal of Physiology]] |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=179–192 |pmid=5347716 |pmc=1348633 | doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008959}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Circadian rhythm|᱒᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Turpin |first1=Tom |title=Sound of Insect Music Ushers in Fall Season |url=https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |publisher=Purdue University |access-date=27 August 2015 |date=11 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920165622/https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |archive-date=20 September 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Poikilotherm|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟᱭᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Villet |first2=Martin H. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Hot-blooded singers: endothermy facilitates crepuscular signaling in African platypleurine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleura spp.) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=July 2003 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=305–308 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0428-1 |pmid=12883772 |s2cid=9090814 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..305S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Kanakia (cicada)|Kanakia gigas]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Froggattoides typicus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ (tropical forests) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Boulard |first1=Michel |chapter=Acoustic Signals, Diversity and Behaviour of Cicadas (Cicadidae, Hemiptera) |pages=349–368 |doi=10.1201/9781420039337-31 |title=Insect Sounds and Communication |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-429-12200-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ewart |first1=A. |last2=Popple |first2=L. W. |title=Songs and calling behaviour of 'Froggattoides typicus' Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), a nocturnally singing cicada |journal=The Australian Entomologist |volume=34 |issue=4 |date=December 2007 |pages=127–139 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.070734889311858 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=J. |last2=Aubin |first2=T. |title=Is microhabitat segregation between two cicada species (''Tibicina haematodes'' and ''Cicada orni'') due to calling song propagation constraints? |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=2003-07-01 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=322–326 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0432-5 |pmid=12883776 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..322S |s2cid=25048233 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=Jérôme |title=Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae) |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2002-03-01 |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=379–394 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00030.x |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ, ''[[Okanagana|Okanagana pallidula]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Okanagana vanduzeei|O. vanduzeei]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly |title=No acoustic benefit to subterranean calling in the cicada ''Okanagana pallidula'' Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae) |journal=Great Basin Naturalist |date=1995-10-31 |volume=55 |issue=4 |url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol55/iss4/12/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tympanal organ|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ]] (tympanum) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱐ [[Sound#Sound Pressure Level|dB (SPL)]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;5050.co.za&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2 June 2002 |title=Cicada noise |url=http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004162419/http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-date=4 October 2006 |access-date=3 August 2011 |work=50/50 |location=[[New Zealand|NZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Craig | first=Owen | publisher=[[ABC Science]] | place=[[Australia]] | date=2001-02-17 | title=Summer of singing cicadas | url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2001/02/17/2822486.htm | access-date=23 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ &quot;ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;insecteducation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Insect education |date=2008-09-09 |title=Arthropoda |url=http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |access-date=2009-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040007/http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ-ᱴᱷᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ/ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (distress call) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ-ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (courtship songs) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (encounter calls) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Villet |first1=Martin H. |last2=Sanborn |first2=Allen F. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |date=2003 |volume=81 |issue=8 |pages=1437–1444 |doi=10.1139/z03-119 |bibcode=2003CaJZ...81.1437V }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (entomologists) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=E. |last2=Price |first2=B. W. |last3 =Rycroft | first3=S. D. | last4= Villet |first4 = M. H. |date=2015 |title=Global Cicada Sound Collection I: Recordings from South Africa and Malawi by B. W. Price &amp; M. H. Villet and harvesting of BioAcoustica data by GBIF |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |volume=3 |issue=3 |article-number=e5792 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.3.e5792|pmid=26379465 |pmc=4568402 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ===

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟẺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᰰᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ([[Nymph (biology)|nymphs]]) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ {{Convert|6 - 24|in|cm|abbr=on}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ([[xylem]]) ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱡ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱳᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ([[instar]]) ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]), ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ([[exuviae]]) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Grimaldi&gt;{{cite book|author1=Grimaldi, David |author2=Engel, Michael S. |title=Evolution of the Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odQmAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA308 |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-26877-7 |page=308}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒-᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[Magicicada]]'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ &quot;ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱰᱥ&quot; (broods/ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱠ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIII), ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑Labels ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIX) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman&gt;{{cite news| last=Milman | first=Oliver | title=US braces for cicadas by the trillion as two broods of periodic insects coincide | newspaper=The Observer| date=7 April 2024 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/07/cicada-geddon-brood-season-midwest-eastern}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱳ (cicada killer wasp) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ (praying mantis) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last=Haga | first=Enoch | chapter=6. Eratosthenes goes bugs! | at=pp. 71–80, fig. 8, table 9 | title=Exploring Prime Numbers on Your PC and the Internet | publisher=Enoch Haga | year=1994–2007 | lccn=2007900755 | isbn=978-1-885794-24-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia | last=Haga | first=Enoch | title=Sequence A161664, Safe periods for the emergence of cicada species on prime number cycles | url=https://oeis.org/A161664 | editor-first=NJA | editor-last=Sloane | encyclopedia=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences | year=2009}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:7petalJade.jpg | format=[[JPEG]] | type=image | title=Scanjet image of 7-petal flower from Jade plant approximately 25 years or more years old in Livermore, California |publisher= Wikimedia | access-date=20 September 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱘ canvas (᱕ × ᱑᱗) ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ (non-prime) ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=dijusto&gt;{{citation |last=Di Justo | first=Patrick | title=The Cicada's Love Affair With Prime Numbers | magazine=The New Yorker | date=13 May 2013 | url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-cicadas-love-affair-with-prime-numbers}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (hypothesis) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (ice ages) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (hybridized), ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ [[prime number|ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Yoshimura, J. |year=1997|title= The Evolutionary Origins of Periodical Cicadas During Ice Ages|journal= The American Naturalist|volume= 149|issue=1|pages= 112–124|doi=10.1086/285981|bibcode=1997ANat..149..112Y |s2cid=84915706}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ (midwestern) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱒᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱑᱓ × ᱑᱗) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman/&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;  &gt;

File:Emerging cicada.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ
File:Cicada Close-Up.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
File:Cicada skin.jpg|ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ
File:Cicada_exuviae_clinging_to_a_leaf.jpg|alt=An empty cicada skin captured in June 2024 in Rab Croatia|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[oak|ᱳᱠ]], [[cypress|ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱮᱥ]], [[willow|ᱩᱭᱞᱳ]], [[Fraxinus|ᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[maple|ᱢᱮᱯᱞ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ (xylem) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. (2007). ''The Songs of Insects''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 184–185. {{ISBN|0618663975}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm |title=Periodical Cicadas - Genus Magicicada |access-date=4 June 2011 |archive-date=21 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921220226/http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ-ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ (excrete) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cicadamania.com/cicadas/do-cicadas-pee/ | title=Do cicadas pee? | date=28 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱴ (jet) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ (mammals) ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/science/cicadas-pee-stream.html |title=When Cicadas Emerge, Things Might Get a Little Wet |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author=Challita, E. J., &amp; Bhamla, M. S. |date=2024 |title=Unifying fluidic excretion across life from cicadas to elephants |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=121 |issue=13 |article-number=e2317878121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2317878121|pmid=38466877 |pmc=10990113 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12117878C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (Locomotion) ===

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱣᱪᱮᱱᱳᱨᱦᱤᱱᱪᱷᱟ (Auchenorrhyncha) ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ (saltation) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burrows |first1=M. |title=Jumping mechanisms of treehopper insects (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae) |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=March 2013 |volume= 216|issue=5|pages=788–799 |doi=10.1242/jeb.078741 |pmid=23155084|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ ==
{{Portal|Insects}}
* {{anl|Cicada 3301}}
* [[List of Cicadidae genera|ᱠᱤᱠᱟᱰᱤᱰᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]

== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=auto17&gt;
{{Cite web| url = https://www.aswangproject.com/formation-of-the-world-kapampangan-mythology/
| title = Formation of the World, Kapampangan Mythology
| website = Aswang Project
| date = 12 September 2017
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>2s63pxh9qbfnfyk4fnl8l90a5bass5a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192060</id>
      <parentid>192059</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T04:15:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ */</comment>
      <origin>192060</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="84244" sha1="g05dus3tn324g329a7xsgd6lxgav6f7" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ==

=== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ===
[[File:Gratopsaltria Nigrofuscata Young.jpg|upright|thumb|ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ミンミンゼミ|minminzemi}}, ''[[Hyalessa maculaticollis]]'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]
[[File:Platypleura kaempferi (NiiNii cicada).png|200px|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ニイニイゼミ|nīnīzemi}}, ''Platypleura kaempferi'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier/&gt; [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ([[prothorax]]) ᱫᱚ [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ]] (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;
[[File:20190828 semi uka.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾]]

ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Imago|ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (''Megapomponia imperatoria''), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|18|-|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flindt |first1=Rainer |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |page=10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Compound eye|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ]] (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt; [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Moulds |first=Maxwell Sydney |title=Australian Cicadas |publisher=New South Wales University Press |year=1990 |page=10 |isbn=978-0-86840-139-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Operculum (animal)|ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]] (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Ovipositor|ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ]] (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Superhydrophobic coating|ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ]] (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wisdom |first1=Katrina M. |last2=Watson |first2=Jolanta A. |last3=Qu |first3=Xiaopeng |last4=Liu |first4=Fangjie |last5=Watson |first5=Gregory S. |last6=Chen |first6=Chuan-Hua |title=Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 April 2013 |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=7992–7997 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1210770110 |pmid=23630277 |pmc=3657783 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.7992W |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite magazine |author=Charles Q. Choi |date=April 29, 2013 |title=Cicada Wings Are Self-Cleaning |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cicada-wings-self-cleaning/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bacteria|ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ [[Biomaterial|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pogodin |first1=Sergey |last2=Hasan |first2=Jafar |last3=Baulin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Webb |first4=Hayden K. |last5=Truong |first5=Vi Khanh |last6=Phong Nguyen |first6=The Hong |last7=Boshkovikj |first7=Veselin |last8=Fluke |first8=Christopher J. |last9=Watson |first9=Gregory S. |last10=Watson |first10=Jolanta A. |last11=Crawford |first11=Russell J. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Elena P. |title=Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces |journal=Biophysical Journal |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=835–840 |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046 |pmid=23442962 |pmc=3576530 |bibcode=2013BpJ...104..835P}}
*{{cite web |author=Bob Yirka |date=March 6, 2013 |title=Researchers find cicada wing structure able to kill bacteria on contact (w/ video) |website=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/notes/2013-03-cicada-wing-bacteria-contact-video.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ===

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[Diceroprocta apache]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ [[Evaporative cooling|ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ]] (evaporative cooling) ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Sweating|ᱩᱫᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ {{convert|39|C|F|0}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱟᱢ ([[tergum]]) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ]] (xylem sap) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱕ °C ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hadley |first1=Neil F. |last2=Quinlan |first2=Michael C. |last3=Kennedy |first3=Michael L. |date=1991 |title=Evaporative cooling in the desert cicada: thermal efficiency and water/metabolic costs |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=159 |issue=1 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.1242/jeb.159.1.269 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Toolson |first=Eric C. |title=Water Profligacy as an Adaptation to Hot Deserts: Water Loss Rates and Evaporative Cooling in the Sonoran Desert Cicada, Diceroprocta apache |journal=Physiological Zoology |volume=60 |issue=4 |year=1987 |pages=379–385 |doi=10.1086/physzool.60.4.30157899 |s2cid=87904484 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''Magicicada tredecem'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Toolson |first1=Eric C. |last2=Toolson |first2=Elizabeth K. |title=Evaporative cooling and endothermy in the 13-year periodical cicada, Magicicada tredecem |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |year=1991 |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=109–115 |doi=10.1007/BF00258754 |s2cid=23530728 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒ °C (᱔᱐ °F) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;/&gt;

=== ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ===

[[File:EB1911 cicada tymbal structure.png|thumb|upright=1.1|ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ:&lt;br /&gt;a, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱯᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;b, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbals) ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;c, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, [[Muscle|ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;d, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ;&lt;br /&gt;e, ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ]]
ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ &quot;ᱨᱟᱹᱲ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbal) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[Resilin|ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱞᱤᱱ]] (resilin) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ (stridulation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Subpsaltria yangi]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Changqing |last2=Wei |first2=Cong |title=Intraspecific sexual mimicry for finding females in a cicada: males produce 'female sounds' to gain reproductive benefit |journal=Animal Behaviour |date=April 2015 |volume=102 |pages=69–76 |doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.013 |s2cid=53170339 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ (membranous coverings) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ (resonant cavities) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier&gt;{{cite book|author1=Cuvier, Georges |author2= Blyth, Edward |author3= Mudie, Robert |author4=Johnston, George| author5= Westwood, John Obadiah |author6= Carpenter, William Benjamin |title=The Animal Kingdom: Arranged After Its Organization, Forming a Natural History of Animals, and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPvRAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA567 |year=1851 |publisher=W. S. Orr and Company |pages=567–570}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ([[sound box]]) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱞᱤᱠ&quot; (click) ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ([[Invertebrate trachea|tracheae]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (mating songs) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt; [[Tettigarctidae|ᱛᱮᱛᱤᱜᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱰ]] (ᱥᱮ ᱩᱵ ᱟᱱ) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (communication) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Primitive (phylogenetics)|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Claridge |first1=Michael F. |last2=Morgan |first2=John C. |last3=Moulds |first3=Maxwell S. |title=Substrate-transmitted acoustic signals of the primitive cicada, Tettigarcta crinita Distant (Hemiptera Cicadoidea, Tettigarctidae) |journal=Journal of Natural History |date=December 1999 |volume=33 |issue=12 |pages=1831–1834 |doi=10.1080/002229399299752 |bibcode=1999JNatH..33.1831C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Listen |filename=New_Zealand_cicada_song.ogg | title=''Amphipsalta zelandica'' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description=ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱒᱐᱐᱖
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| filename3=Cicadas_in_Greece.ogg |title3=ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ | description3=ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, [[Ithaca (island)|ᱤᱛᱷᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| filename4=Cicada_calling_in_Irving,_TX_in_June_of_2012.ogg |title4=ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ 'Neotibicen superbus' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description4 =ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱟᱥ, ᱒᱐᱑ canvas}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Fidicinini|Fidicina rana]]'' ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{convert|29|C|F|0}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (tymbal muscles) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Aidley | first1 =D. J. | last2=White | first2=D.C.S. |date=1969 | title=Mechanical properties of glycerinated fibres from the tymbal muscles of a Brazilian cicada |journal=[[Journal of Physiology]] |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=179–192 |pmid=5347716 |pmc=1348633 | doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008959}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Circadian rhythm|᱒᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Turpin |first1=Tom |title=Sound of Insect Music Ushers in Fall Season |url=https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |publisher=Purdue University |access-date=27 August 2015 |date=11 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920165622/https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |archive-date=20 September 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Poikilotherm|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟᱭᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Villet |first2=Martin H. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Hot-blooded singers: endothermy facilitates crepuscular signaling in African platypleurine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleura spp.) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=July 2003 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=305–308 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0428-1 |pmid=12883772 |s2cid=9090814 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..305S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Kanakia (cicada)|Kanakia gigas]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Froggattoides typicus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ (tropical forests) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Boulard |first1=Michel |chapter=Acoustic Signals, Diversity and Behaviour of Cicadas (Cicadidae, Hemiptera) |pages=349–368 |doi=10.1201/9781420039337-31 |title=Insect Sounds and Communication |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-429-12200-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ewart |first1=A. |last2=Popple |first2=L. W. |title=Songs and calling behaviour of 'Froggattoides typicus' Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), a nocturnally singing cicada |journal=The Australian Entomologist |volume=34 |issue=4 |date=December 2007 |pages=127–139 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.070734889311858 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=J. |last2=Aubin |first2=T. |title=Is microhabitat segregation between two cicada species (''Tibicina haematodes'' and ''Cicada orni'') due to calling song propagation constraints? |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=2003-07-01 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=322–326 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0432-5 |pmid=12883776 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..322S |s2cid=25048233 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=Jérôme |title=Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae) |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2002-03-01 |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=379–394 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00030.x |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ, ''[[Okanagana|Okanagana pallidula]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Okanagana vanduzeei|O. vanduzeei]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly |title=No acoustic benefit to subterranean calling in the cicada ''Okanagana pallidula'' Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae) |journal=Great Basin Naturalist |date=1995-10-31 |volume=55 |issue=4 |url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol55/iss4/12/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tympanal organ|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ]] (tympanum) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱐ [[Sound#Sound Pressure Level|dB (SPL)]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;5050.co.za&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2 June 2002 |title=Cicada noise |url=http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004162419/http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-date=4 October 2006 |access-date=3 August 2011 |work=50/50 |location=[[New Zealand|NZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Craig | first=Owen | publisher=[[ABC Science]] | place=[[Australia]] | date=2001-02-17 | title=Summer of singing cicadas | url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2001/02/17/2822486.htm | access-date=23 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ &quot;ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;insecteducation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Insect education |date=2008-09-09 |title=Arthropoda |url=http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |access-date=2009-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040007/http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ-ᱴᱷᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ/ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (distress call) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ-ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (courtship songs) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (encounter calls) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Villet |first1=Martin H. |last2=Sanborn |first2=Allen F. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |date=2003 |volume=81 |issue=8 |pages=1437–1444 |doi=10.1139/z03-119 |bibcode=2003CaJZ...81.1437V }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (entomologists) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=E. |last2=Price |first2=B. W. |last3 =Rycroft | first3=S. D. | last4= Villet |first4 = M. H. |date=2015 |title=Global Cicada Sound Collection I: Recordings from South Africa and Malawi by B. W. Price &amp; M. H. Villet and harvesting of BioAcoustica data by GBIF |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |volume=3 |issue=3 |article-number=e5792 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.3.e5792|pmid=26379465 |pmc=4568402 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ===

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟẺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᰰᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ([[Nymph (biology)|nymphs]]) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ {{Convert|6 - 24|in|cm|abbr=on}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ([[xylem]]) ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱡ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱳᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ([[instar]]) ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]), ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ([[exuviae]]) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Grimaldi&gt;{{cite book|author1=Grimaldi, David |author2=Engel, Michael S. |title=Evolution of the Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odQmAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA308 |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-26877-7 |page=308}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒-᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[Magicicada]]'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ &quot;ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱰᱥ&quot; (broods/ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱠ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIII), ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑Labels ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIX) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman&gt;{{cite news| last=Milman | first=Oliver | title=US braces for cicadas by the trillion as two broods of periodic insects coincide | newspaper=The Observer| date=7 April 2024 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/07/cicada-geddon-brood-season-midwest-eastern}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱳ (cicada killer wasp) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ (praying mantis) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last=Haga | first=Enoch | chapter=6. Eratosthenes goes bugs! | at=pp. 71–80, fig. 8, table 9 | title=Exploring Prime Numbers on Your PC and the Internet | publisher=Enoch Haga | year=1994–2007 | lccn=2007900755 | isbn=978-1-885794-24-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia | last=Haga | first=Enoch | title=Sequence A161664, Safe periods for the emergence of cicada species on prime number cycles | url=https://oeis.org/A161664 | editor-first=NJA | editor-last=Sloane | encyclopedia=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences | year=2009}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:7petalJade.jpg | format=[[JPEG]] | type=image | title=Scanjet image of 7-petal flower from Jade plant approximately 25 years or more years old in Livermore, California |publisher= Wikimedia | access-date=20 September 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱘ canvas (᱕ × ᱑᱗) ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ (non-prime) ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=dijusto&gt;{{citation |last=Di Justo | first=Patrick | title=The Cicada's Love Affair With Prime Numbers | magazine=The New Yorker | date=13 May 2013 | url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-cicadas-love-affair-with-prime-numbers}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (hypothesis) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (ice ages) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (hybridized), ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ [[prime number|ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Yoshimura, J. |year=1997|title= The Evolutionary Origins of Periodical Cicadas During Ice Ages|journal= The American Naturalist|volume= 149|issue=1|pages= 112–124|doi=10.1086/285981|bibcode=1997ANat..149..112Y |s2cid=84915706}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ (midwestern) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱒᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱑᱓ × ᱑᱗) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman/&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;  &gt;

File:Emerging cicada.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ
File:Cicada Close-Up.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
File:Cicada skin.jpg|ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ
File:Cicada_exuviae_clinging_to_a_leaf.jpg|alt=An empty cicada skin captured in June 2024 in Rab Croatia|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[oak|ᱳᱠ]], [[cypress|ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱮᱥ]], [[willow|ᱩᱭᱞᱳ]], [[Fraxinus|ᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[maple|ᱢᱮᱯᱞ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ (xylem) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. (2007). ''The Songs of Insects''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 184–185. {{ISBN|0618663975}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm |title=Periodical Cicadas - Genus Magicicada |access-date=4 June 2011 |archive-date=21 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921220226/http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ-ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ (excrete) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cicadamania.com/cicadas/do-cicadas-pee/ | title=Do cicadas pee? | date=28 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱴ (jet) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ (mammals) ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/science/cicadas-pee-stream.html |title=When Cicadas Emerge, Things Might Get a Little Wet |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author=Challita, E. J., &amp; Bhamla, M. S. |date=2024 |title=Unifying fluidic excretion across life from cicadas to elephants |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=121 |issue=13 |article-number=e2317878121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2317878121|pmid=38466877 |pmc=10990113 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12117878C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (Locomotion) ===

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱣᱪᱮᱱᱳᱨᱦᱤᱱᱪᱷᱟ (Auchenorrhyncha) ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ (saltation) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burrows |first1=M. |title=Jumping mechanisms of treehopper insects (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae) |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=March 2013 |volume= 216|issue=5|pages=788–799 |doi=10.1242/jeb.078741 |pmid=23155084|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=auto17&gt;
{{Cite web| url = https://www.aswangproject.com/formation-of-the-world-kapampangan-mythology/
| title = Formation of the World, Kapampangan Mythology
| website = Aswang Project
| date = 12 September 2017
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}</text>
      <sha1>g05dus3tn324g329a7xsgd6lxgav6f7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192061</id>
      <parentid>192060</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T04:52:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Sunia Marndi</username>
        <id>8165</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ */</comment>
      <origin>192061</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="90047" sha1="qcups4r1q8wc1zcyys1uv3emcsxbp3k" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}}
| image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg
| image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]''
| image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga
| image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ
| taxon = Cicadoidea
| authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802
| subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ
| subdivision = {{plainlist|
* [[Tettigarctidae]]
* [[Cicadidae]]
}}
}}

'''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''Cicadoidea''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ  ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]]  ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ==
{{wiktionary}}
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}}

[[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==
[[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾&lt;ref name=phylo2018&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Carwardine2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&amp;pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&amp;pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh&gt;{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&amp;pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,&lt;ref name=&quot;Hogue1993&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=189}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

{{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75%
 |label1=
 |1={{clade
  |label1=[[Cicadidae]]
  |1={{clade
   |label1=
   |1={{clade
    |label1=
    |1={{clade
     |label1=
     |1={{clade
      |1=[[Cicadinae]]
      |2=[[Cicadettinae]]
     }}
    }}
    |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]]
   }}
   |2=[[Tibicininae]]
  }}
  |2=[[Tettigarctidae]]
 }}
}}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)&lt;ref name=phylo2018 /&gt;}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name= &quot;Milne&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=magicicada&gt;{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]]

[[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]

ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]]

=== ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ===
ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ&quot; (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=Wang/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;butler&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Moulds2018&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ ==

=== ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ===
[[File:Gratopsaltria Nigrofuscata Young.jpg|upright|thumb|ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ミンミンゼミ|minminzemi}}, ''[[Hyalessa maculaticollis]]'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]
[[File:Platypleura kaempferi (NiiNii cicada).png|200px|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ニイニイゼミ|nīnīzemi}}, ''Platypleura kaempferi'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]]

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier/&gt; [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ([[prothorax]]) ᱫᱚ [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ]] (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;
[[File:20190828 semi uka.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾]]

ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Imago|ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (''Megapomponia imperatoria''), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|18|-|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Burton2002&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Flindt |first1=Rainer |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |page=10 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Compound eye|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ]] (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt; [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Moulds |first=Maxwell Sydney |title=Australian Cicadas |publisher=New South Wales University Press |year=1990 |page=10 |isbn=978-0-86840-139-3}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Operculum (animal)|ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]] (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Ovipositor|ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ]] (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Capinera/&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Superhydrophobic coating|ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ]] (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Wisdom |first1=Katrina M. |last2=Watson |first2=Jolanta A. |last3=Qu |first3=Xiaopeng |last4=Liu |first4=Fangjie |last5=Watson |first5=Gregory S. |last6=Chen |first6=Chuan-Hua |title=Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 April 2013 |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=7992–7997 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1210770110 |pmid=23630277 |pmc=3657783 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.7992W |doi-access=free}}
*{{cite magazine |author=Charles Q. Choi |date=April 29, 2013 |title=Cicada Wings Are Self-Cleaning |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cicada-wings-self-cleaning/}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[Bacteria|ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ [[Biomaterial|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Pogodin |first1=Sergey |last2=Hasan |first2=Jafar |last3=Baulin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Webb |first4=Hayden K. |last5=Truong |first5=Vi Khanh |last6=Phong Nguyen |first6=The Hong |last7=Boshkovikj |first7=Veselin |last8=Fluke |first8=Christopher J. |last9=Watson |first9=Gregory S. |last10=Watson |first10=Jolanta A. |last11=Crawford |first11=Russell J. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Elena P. |title=Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces |journal=Biophysical Journal |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=835–840 |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046 |pmid=23442962 |pmc=3576530 |bibcode=2013BpJ...104..835P}}
*{{cite web |author=Bob Yirka |date=March 6, 2013 |title=Researchers find cicada wing structure able to kill bacteria on contact (w/ video) |website=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/notes/2013-03-cicada-wing-bacteria-contact-video.html}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ===

ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[Diceroprocta apache]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ [[Evaporative cooling|ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ]] (evaporative cooling) ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Sweating|ᱩᱫᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ {{convert|39|C|F|0}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱟᱢ ([[tergum]]) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ]] (xylem sap) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱕ °C ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Hadley |first1=Neil F. |last2=Quinlan |first2=Michael C. |last3=Kennedy |first3=Michael L. |date=1991 |title=Evaporative cooling in the desert cicada: thermal efficiency and water/metabolic costs |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=159 |issue=1 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.1242/jeb.159.1.269 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Toolson |first=Eric C. |title=Water Profligacy as an Adaptation to Hot Deserts: Water Loss Rates and Evaporative Cooling in the Sonoran Desert Cicada, Diceroprocta apache |journal=Physiological Zoology |volume=60 |issue=4 |year=1987 |pages=379–385 |doi=10.1086/physzool.60.4.30157899 |s2cid=87904484 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''Magicicada tredecem'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Toolson |first1=Eric C. |last2=Toolson |first2=Elizabeth K. |title=Evaporative cooling and endothermy in the 13-year periodical cicada, Magicicada tredecem |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |year=1991 |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=109–115 |doi=10.1007/BF00258754 |s2cid=23530728 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒ °C (᱔᱐ °F) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;/&gt;

=== ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ===

[[File:EB1911 cicada tymbal structure.png|thumb|upright=1.1|ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ:&lt;br /&gt;a, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱯᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;b, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbals) ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;c, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, [[Muscle|ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟ;&lt;br /&gt;d, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ;&lt;br /&gt;e, ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ]]
ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ &quot;ᱨᱟᱹᱲ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbal) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[Resilin|ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱞᱤᱱ]] (resilin) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ (stridulation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Subpsaltria yangi]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Changqing |last2=Wei |first2=Cong |title=Intraspecific sexual mimicry for finding females in a cicada: males produce 'female sounds' to gain reproductive benefit |journal=Animal Behaviour |date=April 2015 |volume=102 |pages=69–76 |doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.013 |s2cid=53170339 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ (membranous coverings) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ (resonant cavities) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Cuvier&gt;{{cite book|author1=Cuvier, Georges |author2= Blyth, Edward |author3= Mudie, Robert |author4=Johnston, George| author5= Westwood, John Obadiah |author6= Carpenter, William Benjamin |title=The Animal Kingdom: Arranged After Its Organization, Forming a Natural History of Animals, and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPvRAAAAMAAJ&amp;pg=PA567 |year=1851 |publisher=W. S. Orr and Company |pages=567–570}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ([[sound box]]) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱠᱞᱤᱠ&quot; (click) ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ([[Invertebrate trachea|tracheae]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (mating songs) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Milne&quot; /&gt; [[Tettigarctidae|ᱛᱮᱛᱤᱜᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱰ]] (ᱥᱮ ᱩᱵ ᱟᱱ) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (communication) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Primitive (phylogenetics)|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Claridge |first1=Michael F. |last2=Morgan |first2=John C. |last3=Moulds |first3=Maxwell S. |title=Substrate-transmitted acoustic signals of the primitive cicada, Tettigarcta crinita Distant (Hemiptera Cicadoidea, Tettigarctidae) |journal=Journal of Natural History |date=December 1999 |volume=33 |issue=12 |pages=1831–1834 |doi=10.1080/002229399299752 |bibcode=1999JNatH..33.1831C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Listen |filename=New_Zealand_cicada_song.ogg | title=''Amphipsalta zelandica'' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description=ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱒᱐᱐᱖
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| filename3=Cicadas_in_Greece.ogg |title3=ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ | description3=ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, [[Ithaca (island)|ᱤᱛᱷᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱒᱐᱐᱘
| filename4=Cicada_calling_in_Irving,_TX_in_June_of_2012.ogg |title4=ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ 'Neotibicen superbus' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description4 =ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱟᱥ, ᱒᱐᱑ canvas}}

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Fidicinini|Fidicina rana]]'' ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{convert|29|C|F|0}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (tymbal muscles) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal | last1=Aidley | first1 =D. J. | last2=White | first2=D.C.S. |date=1969 | title=Mechanical properties of glycerinated fibres from the tymbal muscles of a Brazilian cicada |journal=[[Journal of Physiology]] |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=179–192 |pmid=5347716 |pmc=1348633 | doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008959}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Circadian rhythm|᱒᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Turpin |first1=Tom |title=Sound of Insect Music Ushers in Fall Season |url=https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |publisher=Purdue University |access-date=27 August 2015 |date=11 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920165622/https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |archive-date=20 September 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Poikilotherm|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟᱭᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanborn et al 2003&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Villet |first2=Martin H. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Hot-blooded singers: endothermy facilitates crepuscular signaling in African platypleurine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleura spp.) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=July 2003 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=305–308 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0428-1 |pmid=12883772 |s2cid=9090814 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..305S }}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[Kanakia (cicada)|Kanakia gigas]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Froggattoides typicus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ (tropical forests) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Boulard |first1=Michel |chapter=Acoustic Signals, Diversity and Behaviour of Cicadas (Cicadidae, Hemiptera) |pages=349–368 |doi=10.1201/9781420039337-31 |title=Insect Sounds and Communication |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-429-12200-2 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Ewart |first1=A. |last2=Popple |first2=L. W. |title=Songs and calling behaviour of 'Froggattoides typicus' Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), a nocturnally singing cicada |journal=The Australian Entomologist |volume=34 |issue=4 |date=December 2007 |pages=127–139 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.070734889311858 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=J. |last2=Aubin |first2=T. |title=Is microhabitat segregation between two cicada species (''Tibicina haematodes'' and ''Cicada orni'') due to calling song propagation constraints? |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=2003-07-01 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=322–326 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0432-5 |pmid=12883776 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..322S |s2cid=25048233 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=Jérôme |title=Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae) |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2002-03-01 |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=379–394 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00030.x |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ, ''[[Okanagana|Okanagana pallidula]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Okanagana vanduzeei|O. vanduzeei]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly |title=No acoustic benefit to subterranean calling in the cicada ''Okanagana pallidula'' Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae) |journal=Great Basin Naturalist |date=1995-10-31 |volume=55 |issue=4 |url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol55/iss4/12/ }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tympanal organ|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ]] (tympanum) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱐ [[Sound#Sound Pressure Level|dB (SPL)]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;5050.co.za&quot;&gt;{{cite web |date=2 June 2002 |title=Cicada noise |url=http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004162419/http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-date=4 October 2006 |access-date=3 August 2011 |work=50/50 |location=[[New Zealand|NZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | last=Craig | first=Owen | publisher=[[ABC Science]] | place=[[Australia]] | date=2001-02-17 | title=Summer of singing cicadas | url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2001/02/17/2822486.htm | access-date=23 December 2006}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ &quot;ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;insecteducation&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|work=Insect education |date=2008-09-09 |title=Arthropoda |url=http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |access-date=2009-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040007/http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ-ᱴᱷᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ/ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (distress call) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ-ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (courtship songs) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (encounter calls) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Villet |first1=Martin H. |last2=Sanborn |first2=Allen F. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |date=2003 |volume=81 |issue=8 |pages=1437–1444 |doi=10.1139/z03-119 |bibcode=2003CaJZ...81.1437V }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (entomologists) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=E. |last2=Price |first2=B. W. |last3 =Rycroft | first3=S. D. | last4= Villet |first4 = M. H. |date=2015 |title=Global Cicada Sound Collection I: Recordings from South Africa and Malawi by B. W. Price &amp; M. H. Villet and harvesting of BioAcoustica data by GBIF |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |volume=3 |issue=3 |article-number=e5792 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.3.e5792|pmid=26379465 |pmc=4568402 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ===

ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟẺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᰰᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ([[Nymph (biology)|nymphs]]) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ {{Convert|6 - 24|in|cm|abbr=on}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ([[xylem]]) ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱡ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱳᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ([[instar]]) ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]), ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ([[exuviae]]) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Grimaldi&gt;{{cite book|author1=Grimaldi, David |author2=Engel, Michael S. |title=Evolution of the Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odQmAAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA308 |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-26877-7 |page=308}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒-᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[Magicicada]]'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ &quot;ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱰᱥ&quot; (broods/ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱠ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIII), ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑Labels ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIX) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman&gt;{{cite news| last=Milman | first=Oliver | title=US braces for cicadas by the trillion as two broods of periodic insects coincide | newspaper=The Observer| date=7 April 2024 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/07/cicada-geddon-brood-season-midwest-eastern}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱳ (cicada killer wasp) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ (praying mantis) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | last=Haga | first=Enoch | chapter=6. Eratosthenes goes bugs! | at=pp. 71–80, fig. 8, table 9 | title=Exploring Prime Numbers on Your PC and the Internet | publisher=Enoch Haga | year=1994–2007 | lccn=2007900755 | isbn=978-1-885794-24-6}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite encyclopedia | last=Haga | first=Enoch | title=Sequence A161664, Safe periods for the emergence of cicada species on prime number cycles | url=https://oeis.org/A161664 | editor-first=NJA | editor-last=Sloane | encyclopedia=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences | year=2009}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:7petalJade.jpg | format=[[JPEG]] | type=image | title=Scanjet image of 7-petal flower from Jade plant approximately 25 years or more years old in Livermore, California |publisher= Wikimedia | access-date=20 September 2009 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱘ canvas (᱕ × ᱑᱗) ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ (non-prime) ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=dijusto&gt;{{citation |last=Di Justo | first=Patrick | title=The Cicada's Love Affair With Prime Numbers | magazine=The New Yorker | date=13 May 2013 | url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-cicadas-love-affair-with-prime-numbers}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (hypothesis) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (ice ages) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (hybridized), ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ [[prime number|ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author=Yoshimura, J. |year=1997|title= The Evolutionary Origins of Periodical Cicadas During Ice Ages|journal= The American Naturalist|volume= 149|issue=1|pages= 112–124|doi=10.1086/285981|bibcode=1997ANat..149..112Y |s2cid=84915706}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ (midwestern) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱒᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱑᱓ × ᱑᱗) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=milman/&gt;

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200px&quot;  &gt;

File:Emerging cicada.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ
File:Cicada Close-Up.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ
File:Cicada skin.jpg|ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ
File:Cicada_exuviae_clinging_to_a_leaf.jpg|alt=An empty cicada skin captured in June 2024 in Rab Croatia|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ

&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===
ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[oak|ᱳᱠ]], [[cypress|ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱮᱥ]], [[willow|ᱩᱭᱞᱳ]], [[Fraxinus|ᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[maple|ᱢᱮᱯᱞ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ (xylem) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. (2007). ''The Songs of Insects''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 184–185. {{ISBN|0618663975}}.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm |title=Periodical Cicadas - Genus Magicicada |access-date=4 June 2011 |archive-date=21 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921220226/http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm }}&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ-ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ (excrete) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.cicadamania.com/cicadas/do-cicadas-pee/ | title=Do cicadas pee? | date=28 June 2015 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱴ (jet) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ (mammals) ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/science/cicadas-pee-stream.html |title=When Cicadas Emerge, Things Might Get a Little Wet |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |author=Challita, E. J., &amp; Bhamla, M. S. |date=2024 |title=Unifying fluidic excretion across life from cicadas to elephants |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=121 |issue=13 |article-number=e2317878121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2317878121|pmid=38466877 |pmc=10990113 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12117878C }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (Locomotion) ===

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱣᱪᱮᱱᱳᱨᱦᱤᱱᱪᱷᱟ (Auchenorrhyncha) ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ (saltation) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burrows |first1=M. |title=Jumping mechanisms of treehopper insects (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae) |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=March 2013 |volume= 216|issue=5|pages=788–799 |doi=10.1242/jeb.078741 |pmid=23155084|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=Resh/&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=auto17&gt;
{{Cite web| url = https://www.aswangproject.com/formation-of-the-world-kapampangan-mythology/
| title = Formation of the World, Kapampangan Mythology
| website = Aswang Project
| date = 12 September 2017
}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* {{cite book |last=Clausen |first=Lucy W. |date=1954 |title=Insect Fact and Folklore |publisher=Macmillan|oclc= |isbn= }} {{ISBN?}}
* {{cite web |author=Egan, Rory B. |date=1994 |url=http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_ancgrcult.html |title=Cicada in Ancient Greece |access-date=28 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110080531/http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_ancgrcult.html |archive-date=10 November 2006 }}
* {{cite journal | last1=Hoppensteadt | first1=Frank C | first2=Joseph B | last2=Keller | year=1976 | title=Synchronization of periodical cicada emergences | url=http://www.math.pitt.edu/~bard/classes/mth3380/cicada_hi.pdf | journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume=194 | issue=4262 | pages=335–337 | bibcode=1976Sci...194..335H | doi=10.1126/science.987617 | pmid=987617 | access-date=3 August 2011 | archive-date=9 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109010853/http://www.math.pitt.edu/~bard/classes/mth3380/cicada_hi.pdf }}
* {{cite web |last=Main |first=Douglas |title=Trillions of cicadas are coming to the U.S. Here's why that's a good thing. |date=3 May 2021 |website=National Geographic |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/brood-x-cicadas-actually-good-fear-not|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503173228/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/brood-x-cicadas-actually-good-fear-not|archive-date=3 May 2021}}
* {{cite book | last=Myers |first=JG | year=1929 | title=Insect Singers: A Natural History of the Cicadas | publisher=Routledge|oclc= }}{{ISBN?}}
* {{cite web | last=Ramel | first=Gordon | year=2005 | title=The Singing Cicadas | url=http://www.earthlife.net/insects/cicadidae.html | access-date=31 January 2007 | publisher=Earth Life}}
* {{cite book | last=Riegel | first=Garland | title=Cicada in Chinese Folklore | series=Melsheimer Entomological Series | issue=3rd | year=1994 | publisher=Bug bios | url=http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_chfolk.html | access-date=28 December 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110080636/http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_chfolk.html | archive-date=10 November 2006 }}
* {{cite book | last=Walker | first=Annette | title=The Reed Handbook of Common New Zealand Insects | publisher=Reed | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-7900-0718-2}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Commons category|Cicadoidea}}
{{Wikispecies|cicadidae}}
{{wiktionary}}
* [https://www.cicadamania.com/ Cicada Mania] – ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱦᱟᱲᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ
* [http://www.masscic.org/ ''Massachusetts Cicadas''] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞ-ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ, ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
* [https://www.sciencenews.org/article/cicadas-climb-trees-shadows To climb trees, cicadas look to the shadows] (ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ) ᱾ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱳᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤᱥ (skototaxis) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ [[Science News]], ᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒0᱒᱖
* [https://cicadas.uconn.edu/ Cicadas.uconn.edu/ Brood mapping project] – ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱳᱭ ᱟ
* [http://www.insectsingers.com/100th_meridian_cicadas/index.html ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ]
* [https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bugs/cicadas.htm ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ, ''Neocicada hieroglyphica'', ''Tibicen'', ''Diceroprocta'' ᱟᱨ ''Melampsalta'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ] [[University of Florida]]/[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS]] ᱟᱜ ''Featured Creatures'' ᱨᱮ
* [http://inside.msj.edu/academics/faculty/kritskg/cicada/Site/Cicada_home.html Greater Cincinnati Cicada Information &amp; Teaching Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416023248/http://inside.msj.edu/academics/faculty/kritskg/cicada/Site/Cicada_home.html |date=16 April 2013 }} – College of Mt Saint Joseph ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ
* [https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/digital/metcalf/index.html ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱮᱴᱠᱟᱞᱯᱷ (DrMetcalf): ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ-ᱞᱟᱰᱟᱜ (leafhoppers), ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱦᱳᱯᱟᱨ, ᱥᱯᱤᱴᱚᱞᱵᱚᱜᱽ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱞᱟᱰᱟᱜ (treehoppers) ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨ]

{{Hemiptera|1}}
{{Insects in culture}}
{{Cicada Broods}}
{{Meat}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q1947892}}

[[Category:ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ| ]]
[[Category:Cicadomorpha]]
[[Category:ᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:Extant Late Triassic first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille]]</text>
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| image = 
| image_caption = 
| address = ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱴ, [[ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ]], [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| coordinates = {{Coord|26.5695|88.7858|type:railwaystation_region:IN|display=inline,title}}
| elevation = {{convert|84|m|ft}}
| line = [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]
| other = 
| structure = ᱜᱨᱮᱰ ᱨᱮ
| platform = ᱒
| tracks = ᱕
| parking = ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| bicycle = 
| opened = 
| closed = 
| rebuilt = 
| electrified = ᱦᱚᱭ
| accessible = 
| code = {{Indian railway code
  | code     = NQH
  | zone     = NFR
  | division = {{rwd|ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ}}
  }}
| owned = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]
| operator = [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]
| status = 
| former = ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ
| passengers = ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒,᱕᱓᱘,᱐᱐᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ
| pass_year = 
| pass_percent = 
| pass_system = 
| map_type = India West Bengal
| map_dot_label = ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
| map_size = 260
| map_caption = ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| services = {{Adjacent stations|system=ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|line=ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|left=ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ|right=ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ|type=[[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]}}
}}
{{ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ|collapse=y}}
'''ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ: NQH)''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ '''[[ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ: DOI)''' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱞ-ᱪᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟ-ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱠᱩᱪ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱱ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱣᱱᱤ-ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱵᱳᱝᱜᱟᱭᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱔᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱛᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱯᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱯᱟᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱞᱢᱚᱱᱤᱨᱦᱟᱴ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱸᱜᱽᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱯᱩᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱕ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ (᱑,᱖᱗᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ-ᱡᱳᱜᱤᱦᱳᱯᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=v21-4YYgocUC&amp;dq=Muri-Chandrapura+line&amp;pg=PA60 |title = Transport Geography of India: Commodity Flow and the Regional Structure of Indian Economy| page=60|first1=Moonis| last1=Raza| first2=Yash| last2=Aggarwal|publisher= Concept Publishing Company| location=New Delhi| isbn= 81-7022-089-0|accessdate = 6 August 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ==
᱑᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱒, ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱫᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ, [[ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱱᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱱᱮᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱑᱕᱖᱓᱓ [[ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱱᱮᱨ-ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱦᱟᱴᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ {{rws|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ}} ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱟᱜᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔.᱓᱐ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱬᱜᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Breaking news live updates: Death toll rises to 5 in Bikaner-Guwahati train accident|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bikaner-guwahati-express-derailed/liveblog/88866497.cms|website=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Death toll rises to 7 as Bikaner-Guwahati Express train derails in Bengal's Jalpaiguri|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/guwahati-patna-bikaner-express-derails-jalpaiguri-1899696-2022-01-13|website=indiatoday.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

{{ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱞᱤᱯᱩᱨᱫᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱞᱯᱟᱭᱜᱩᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱛᱩ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ</title>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-18T15:11:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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      <comment>Nawanag</comment>
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      <text bytes="12131" sha1="7u6i6au3y2flgo2g602pi2yze6lssub" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| background        = solo_singer
| honorific_prefix  =
| name              = ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱛᱩ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ
| honorific_suffix  =
| image             = ParastooAhmadi (cropped).jpg
| landscape         =
| image_size        =
| caption           =
| native_name       = پرستو احمدی
| native_name_lang  = fas
| birth_name        =
| alias             =
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1997|03|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place       = [[ᱱᱳᱣᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱤᱨᱟᱱ
| origin            =
| death_date        =
| death_place       =
| genre             = * [[ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]
 * [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]
   | occupation        =
   | instrument        = ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ (Piano)
   | years_active      =
   | label             =
   }}
'''ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱛᱩ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱙৭) ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Parastoo Ahmadi and the &quot;Hypothetical Concert&quot; at Caravanserai; The Judiciary Announces Legal Action|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/clyjqm7r95po|website=BBC News Persian|date=2024-12-12|access-date=2024-12-12|language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ'' ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert Gains Attention; &quot;Judicial Case Opened&quot; |url=https://parsi.euronews.com/culture/2024/12/12/parastoo-ahmadi-live-in-concert-in-iran |website=Euronews |access-date=12 December 2024 |language=fa |date=12 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Wide Reactions to Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert; &quot;A Judicial Case Opened&quot; |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/بازتاب-گسترده-کنسرت-پرستو-احمدی-گشودهشدن-پرونده-قضایی/a-71031749 |website=Deutsche Welle |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱚ ==
ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Who Is Parastoo Ahmadi? |url=https://ivnanews.ir/پرستو-احمدی-خواننده-کیست |website=Ivna News |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ: &quot;ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ&quot; ===
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱞᱮᱦ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=News Station; Saturday, 1 October 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/live/66897177 |work=BBC News Persian |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ===
ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, &quot;ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ&quot; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱛᱮᱢᱟ ᱫᱳᱜᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ, ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ&quot; ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Reactions to Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert; A Singer Performing Without Compulsory Hijab in Iran |url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/reactions-to-prasto-ahmadi-s-performance-without-compulsory-hijab/33237033.html |work=Radio Farda |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Continued Pressure on Javad Heydari's Family and Sentencing Protesters – 2 October 2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/تداوم-فشار-بر-خانواده-جواد-حیدری-و-احکام-حبس-علیه-معترضان/a-66911500 |website=Deutsche Welle |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Confiscation of Parastoo Ahmadi's Personal Belongings by Government Agents |url=https://iranwire.com/fa/news-1/120836-توقیف-وسایل-شخصی-پرستو-احمدی-خواننده-توسط-ماموران-حکومتی/ |website=IranWire |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ===
᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ&quot; ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Unprecedented Reception of Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert Without Compulsory Hijab in Iran |url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/842604/ |website=Radio Zamaneh |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa-IR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;ᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱛᱩ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭᱮᱫᱤᱧᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱹᱧ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ—ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ, ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮ...&quot;&lt;/blockquote&gt;
ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱭᱮ ᱫᱳᱥᱴ&quot;, &quot;ᱟᱡᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱩᱱ&quot;, &quot;ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱤᱠ&quot;, &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱳᱥ&quot;, &quot;ᱞᱟᱦᱡᱮ ᱫᱤᱫᱟᱨ&quot;, &quot;ᱪᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱢ&quot;, ᱟᱨ &quot;ᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱩᱱ-ᱮ-ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱟᱱᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱟᱱ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱭᱨᱟᱜᱷᱫᱟᱨ, ᱜᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱦᱮᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱤᱦ-ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱤ, ᱰᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱤᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Voice from the Heart of History: Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert Without Hijab in the Heart of Iran |url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/iran-parastoo-ahmadi-live-concert-woman-life-freedom-/7898414.html |website=VOA News |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ====
ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱽ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱤᱡ ᱮᱦᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱜᱷᱤᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱦᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱤᱦ ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-14 |title=Iranian singer Parastoo Ahmadi arrested after performing concert without hijab |url=https://www.euronews.com/culture/2024/12/14/iranian-singer-parastoo-ahmadi-arrested-after-performing-concert-without-hijab |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Euronews}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Makoii |first1=Akhtar |title=Iran 'bows to pressure' to release singer who defied regime by performing solo without a hijab |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/15/iran-arrests-singer-performing-concert-no-hijab/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2024-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱵᱟᱱᱠᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ MP ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=قانون حجاب در پی مقابله با برهنگی، بدپوششی و بی‌حجابی است؛ بدپوششی یعنی بدن‌نمایی، یعنی همان لباس خانم احمدی در کنسرت فرضی  |trans-title=The hijab law seeks to combat nudity, inappropriate clothing, and lack of veiling; inappropriate clothing means exposing the body, which is what Ms. Ahmadi wore at the hypothetical concert. |url=https://www.etemadonline.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-9/690215-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7 |website=اعتمادآنلاین ('Trust Online') |access-date=17 December 2024 |language=fa |date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist|2}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
*{{wikiquote-inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYcaDHEnhbU ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ]
[[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[Category:ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ]]
[[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
[[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[Category:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>7u6i6au3y2flgo2g602pi2yze6lssub</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192029</id>
      <parentid>192028</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T15:12:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
        <id>8962</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>192029</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12132" sha1="ot4b6smh16yk8x5c6i2rq79d14fkbd5" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox musical artist
| background        = solo_singer
| honorific_prefix  =
| name              = ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱛᱩ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ
| honorific_suffix  =
| image             = ParastooAhmadi (cropped).jpg
| landscape         =
| image_size        =
| caption           =
| native_name       = پرستو احمدی
| native_name_lang  = fas
| birth_name        =
| alias             =
| birth_date        = {{Birth date and age|1997|03|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place       = [[ᱱᱳᱣᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ]], ᱤᱨᱟᱱ
| origin            =
| death_date        =
| death_place       =
| genre             = * [[ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]
 * [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ]]
   | occupation        =
   | instrument        = ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ (Piano)
   | years_active      =
   | label             =
   }}
'''ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱛᱩ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱙৭) ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Parastoo Ahmadi and the &quot;Hypothetical Concert&quot; at Caravanserai; The Judiciary Announces Legal Action|url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/articles/clyjqm7r95po|website=BBC News Persian|date=2024-12-12|access-date=2024-12-12|language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ'' ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert Gains Attention; &quot;Judicial Case Opened&quot; |url=https://parsi.euronews.com/culture/2024/12/12/parastoo-ahmadi-live-in-concert-in-iran |website=Euronews |access-date=12 December 2024 |language=fa |date=12 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Wide Reactions to Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert; &quot;A Judicial Case Opened&quot; |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/بازتاب-گسترده-کنسرت-پرستو-احمدی-گشودهشدن-پرونده-قضایی/a-71031749 |website=Deutsche Welle |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱠᱚ ==
ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Who Is Parastoo Ahmadi? |url=https://ivnanews.ir/پرستو-احمدی-خواننده-کیست |website=Ivna News |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ: &quot;ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ&quot; ===
᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱞᱮᱦ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ'' ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=News Station; Saturday, 1 October 2023 |url=https://www.bbc.com/persian/live/66897177 |work=BBC News Persian |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ ===
ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, &quot;ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ&quot; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱛᱮᱢᱟ ᱫᱳᱜᱳᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ, ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ, ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ&quot; ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Reactions to Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert; A Singer Performing Without Compulsory Hijab in Iran |url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/reactions-to-prasto-ahmadi-s-performance-without-compulsory-hijab/33237033.html |work=Radio Farda |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Continued Pressure on Javad Heydari's Family and Sentencing Protesters – 2 October 2023 |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/تداوم-فشار-بر-خانواده-جواد-حیدری-و-احکام-حبس-علیه-معترضان/a-66911500 |website=Deutsche Welle |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Confiscation of Parastoo Ahmadi's Personal Belongings by Government Agents |url=https://iranwire.com/fa/news-1/120836-توقیف-وسایل-شخصی-پرستو-احمدی-خواننده-توسط-ماموران-حکومتی/ |website=IranWire |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
=== ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ===
᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ&quot; ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ:&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Unprecedented Reception of Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert Without Compulsory Hijab in Iran |url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/842604/ |website=Radio Zamaneh |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa-IR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;ᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱛᱩ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱭᱮᱫᱤᱧᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧ ᱵᱟᱹᱧ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ—ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ, ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮ...&quot; &lt;/blockquote&gt;
ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱭᱮ ᱫᱳᱥᱴ&quot;, &quot;ᱟᱡᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱩᱱ&quot;, &quot;ᱠᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱤᱠ&quot;, &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱳᱥ&quot;, &quot;ᱞᱟᱦᱡᱮ ᱫᱤᱫᱟᱨ&quot;, &quot;ᱪᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱢ&quot;, ᱟᱨ &quot;ᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱩᱱ-ᱮ-ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱟᱱᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱟᱱ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱭᱨᱟᱜᱷᱫᱟᱨ, ᱜᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱦᱮᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱜᱤᱦ-ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱤ, ᱰᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱤᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=A Voice from the Heart of History: Parastoo Ahmadi's Concert Without Hijab in the Heart of Iran |url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/iran-parastoo-ahmadi-live-concert-woman-life-freedom-/7898414.html |website=VOA News |date=2024-12-12 |access-date=2024-12-12 |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==== ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ====
ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾ ᱢᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱽ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;/&gt; ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱤᱡ ᱮᱦᱥᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱜᱷᱤᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱦᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱤᱦ ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-12-14 |title=Iranian singer Parastoo Ahmadi arrested after performing concert without hijab |url=https://www.euronews.com/culture/2024/12/14/iranian-singer-parastoo-ahmadi-arrested-after-performing-concert-without-hijab |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=Euronews}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Makoii |first1=Akhtar |title=Iran 'bows to pressure' to release singer who defied regime by performing solo without a hijab |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2024/12/15/iran-arrests-singer-performing-concert-no-hijab/ |access-date=2024-12-15 |publisher=The Telegraph |date=2024-12-15}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱵᱟᱱᱠᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ MP ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=قانون حجاب در پی مقابله با برهنگی، بدپوششی و بی‌حجابی است؛ بدپوششی یعنی بدن‌نمایی، یعنی همان لباس خانم احمدی در کنسرت فرضی  |trans-title=The hijab law seeks to combat nudity, inappropriate clothing, and lack of veiling; inappropriate clothing means exposing the body, which is what Ms. Ahmadi wore at the hypothetical concert. |url=https://www.etemadonline.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C-9/690215-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9%DB%8C-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%A8-%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7 |website=اعتمادآنلاین ('Trust Online') |access-date=17 December 2024 |language=fa |date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist|2}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
*{{wikiquote-inline}}
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYcaDHEnhbU ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱨᱴ]
[[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[Category:ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ]]
[[Category:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
[[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[Category:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>ot4b6smh16yk8x5c6i2rq79d14fkbd5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>35991</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192030</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-18T22:26:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox settlement | name                               = ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ | other_name                         =  | nickname                           =  | settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline                      =  | image_alt                          =  | image_caption                      =  | pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192030</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26314" sha1="r4awsgl3yige1gyct87tnlg8lu2fdws" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                               = ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ
| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
| image_alt                          = 
| image_caption                      = 
| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
| pushpin_label_position             = 
| pushpin_map_alt                    = 
| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates                    = {{coord|23|45|25.0|N|87|01|32.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=380| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|54|50|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, P: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, CT: ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, OG: ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ, T: ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ
ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
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|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
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|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
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===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
ᱯᱚᱝᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱷᱚᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱯᱩᱨ, ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱨᱟ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ), ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>r4awsgl3yige1gyct87tnlg8lu2fdws</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192043</id>
      <parentid>192030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:29:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <origin>192043</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26435" sha1="6ssclgt4nyfwspnujwknv3vw9jvig4m" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                               = ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ
| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
| image_alt                          = 
| image_caption                      = 
| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
| pushpin_label_position             = 
| pushpin_map_alt                    = 
| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates                    = {{coord|23|45|25.0|N|87|01|32.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
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ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
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|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱯᱚᱝᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
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|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}}  | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
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|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱢ|labela29= ᱡᱟᱜᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
ᱯᱚᱝᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱷᱚᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ), [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
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| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
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| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
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| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=380| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|54|50|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, P: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, CT: ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, OG: ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ, T: ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ
ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|51|10|N|86|54|5|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chittaranjan | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱯᱚᱝᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|45|30|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Domohani| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|43|54|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bhanowara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}}  | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Charanpur| numbered8=OG| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (OG)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱢ|labela29= ᱡᱟᱜᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
ᱯᱚᱝᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱵᱷᱚᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ), [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>m6qrg1z9josx8goc8oogo8i2sz2rosd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192045</id>
      <parentid>192044</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:37:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <origin>192045</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26454" sha1="ntlryho6pt6nazg0mjecg9dq1n3t31h" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                               = ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ
| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
| image_alt                          = 
| image_caption                      = 
| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
| pushpin_label_position             = 
| pushpin_map_alt                    = 
| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates                    = {{coord|23|45|25.0|N|87|01|32.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
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ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|51|10|N|86|54|5|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chittaranjan | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱯᱚᱝᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|45|30|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Domohani| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|43|54|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bhanowara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}}  | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Charanpur| numbered8=OG| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (OG)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱢ|labela29= ᱡᱟᱜᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ), [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
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| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
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| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
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| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=380| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|54|50|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, P: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, CT: ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, OG: ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ, T: ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ
ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|51|10|N|86|54|5|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chittaranjan | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱯᱚᱝᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|45|30|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Domohani| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|43|54|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bhanowara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}}  | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Charanpur| numbered8=OG| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (OG)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱢ|labela29= ᱡᱟᱜᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ), [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>87cazxxdtkjc8pawxgqb4pjjm44hset</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192049</id>
      <parentid>192046</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:58:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <origin>192049</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="26457" sha1="dbobo8l6bp1poc85g79jfhgl2in3isd" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                               = ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ
| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
| image_alt                          = 
| image_caption                      = 
| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
| pushpin_label_position             = 
| pushpin_map_alt                    = 
| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates                    = {{coord|23|45|25.0|N|87|01|32.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
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ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|51|10|N|86|54|5|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chittaranjan | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|45|30|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Domohani| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|43|54|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bhanowara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}}  | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Charanpur| numbered8=OG| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (OG)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱢ|labela29= ᱡᱟᱜᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ), [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>dbobo8l6bp1poc85g79jfhgl2in3isd</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-19T08:18:42Z</timestamp>
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      <text bytes="26457" sha1="12zj5tjbe8pdla640cu3yn366pd8ahi" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                               = ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ
| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
| image_alt                          = 
| image_caption                      = 
| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
| pushpin_label_position             = 
| pushpin_map_alt                    = 
| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
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| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=380| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|54|50|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, P: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, CT: ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, OG: ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ, T: ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ
ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|51|10|N|86|54|5|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chittaranjan | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|45|30|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Domohani| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|43|54|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bhanowara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}}  | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Charanpur| numbered8=OG| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (OG)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱢ|labela29= ᱡᱟᱜᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ), [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>12zj5tjbe8pdla640cu3yn366pd8ahi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>192076</id>
      <parentid>192073</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T08:37:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <comment>/* ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ */</comment>
      <origin>192076</origin>
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      <text bytes="26513" sha1="783rlaaairw6zl3c8y5qfwl75z9yv2j" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                               = ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ
| other_name                         = 
| nickname                           = 
| settlement_type                    = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline                      = 
| image_alt                          = 
| image_caption                      = 
| pushpin_map                        = India West Bengal#India3 
| pushpin_label_position             = 
| pushpin_map_alt                    = 
| pushpin_map_caption                = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates                    = {{coord|23|45|25.0|N|87|01|32.2|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type               = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name               = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1              = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2              = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2              = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title              = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date               = 
| founder                        = 
| named_for                      = 
| government_type                =
| governing_body                 = 
| unit_pref                      = Metric
| area_footnotes                 = 
| area_rank                      = 
| area_total_km2                 = 6.3789 
| elevation_footnotes            = 
| elevation_m                    = 
| population_total               = 12,480
| population_as_of               = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank                = 
| population_density_km2         = auto
| population_demonym             = 
| population_footnotes           = 
| demographics_type1             = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1           = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1            = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1                      = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1                    = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type               = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code                    = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱓᱔
| area_code_type                 = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code                      = ᱐᱓᱔᱑
| registration_plate             = WB
| blank1_name_sec1               = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1               = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1               = [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ]]
| website                        = {{URL|paschimbardhaman.co.in/}} 
| footnotes                      = 
}}

'''ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
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ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|51|10|N|86|54|5|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1=Chittaranjan | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|50|1|N|86|54|15|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2=Hindustan Cables Township| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|57|12|E}} | label-pos3=left|label3=Pangachhiya| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|45|30|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos4=left|label4=Domohani| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (CT)|shape-color4=black| label-size4=13|label-color4=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|43|54|N|87|1|32|E}} | label-pos5=left|label5=Bhanowara| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|43|7|N|87|1|3|E}} | label-pos6=left|label6=Majiara| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|49|22|N|86|59|2|E}}  | label-pos7=left|label7=Panuria| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|44|19|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=Charanpur| numbered8=OG| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (OG)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|46|36|N|86|52|35|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=Salanpur| numbered9=P| mark-title9=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color9=#800000
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|45|3|N|87|0|37|E}} | label-pos10=left|label10=Barabani| numbered10=P| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ]] (P) |label-color10=#800000
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|46|18|N|86|49|42|E}} | label-pos11=top|label11=Kalyaneshwari|labela11= Temple| numbered11=T| mark-title11=[[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] (T) |label-color11=#800000
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|45|40|N|86|56|53|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12=ECL Salanpur|labela12= Area Office | numbered12=0| mark-title12=[[ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] |shape-color12=#AA6666| label-size12=11
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|41|48|N|86|51|49|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ECL Sodepur|labela13= Area Office | numbered13=0| mark-title13=[[ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]]|shape-color13=#AA6666| label-size13=11
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos14=right|label-color14=#800000| label14=Asansol | numbered14=MC| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color14=#800000
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|39|44|N|86|56|15|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=Burnpur | numbered15=N| mark-title15= [[ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color15=#C42222
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|43|5|N|86|52|46|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16= Neamatpur | numbered16=N| mark-title16= [[ᱱᱤᱢᱟᱛᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color16=#C42222
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|44|21|N|86|50|13|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17= Kulti | numbered17=N| mark-title17= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]] (N)|shape-color17=#C42222
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|41|29|N|86|49|45|E}} | label-pos18=top|label18= Dishergarh | numbered18=N| mark-title18= [[ᱫᱤᱥᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] (N)|shape-color18=#C42222
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|42|6|N|86|59|47|E}} | label-pos19=top|label19= Kalla | numbered19=N| mark-title19= [[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (N)|shape-color19=#C42222
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|47|46|N|86|52|50|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=Rupnarayanpur| numbered20=P| mark-title20=[[ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (P) |label-color20=#800000
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|44|5|N|86|48|50|E}} | label-pos21=bottom|label21= Barakar | numbered21=N| mark-title21= [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ]] (N)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|43|28|N|86|53|39|E}} | label-pos22=right|label22= Sitarampur | numbered22=N| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] (N)|shape-color22=#C42222
|mark-coord23={{coord|23.6652|86.9162}}| label23= IISCO|labela23= Steel Plant| label-color23 = #C42222 | label-angle23=0| label-pos23=top| label-size23=10| mark-size23=0| mark-title23 =none
|mark-coord24={{coord|23.85591|86.9011}}| label24= ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱧᱡᱚᱱ |labela24= Locomotive|labelb24= ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ| label-color24 = #C42222 | label-angle24=0| label-pos24=top| label-size24=10| mark-size24=0| mark-title24 =none
|mark-coord25={{coord|23.6774|86.8366}}| label25=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ| label-color25 = #77A1CB| label-angle25=10| label-pos25=top| label-size25=10| mark-size25=0| mark-title25 =none
|mark-coord26={{coord|23.6684|86.8508}}| label26= ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color26 = #77A1CB| label-angle26=60| label-pos26=top| label-size26=10| mark-size26=0| mark-title26 =none
|mark-coord27={{coord|23.7076|86.7952}}| label27=ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱠᱟᱨ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=110| label-pos27=top| label-size27=10| mark-size27=0| mark-title27 =none
|mark-coord28={{coord|23.6956|86.7952}}| label28=ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=58| label-pos28=top| label-size28=10| mark-size28=0| mark-title28 =none
|mark-coord29={{coord|23|48|12|N|86|48|25|E}} |label29=ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱢ|labela29= ᱡᱟᱜᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=0| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23|51|0|N|87|0|11|E}} |label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=20| label-pos30=top| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
[[ᱯᱟᱱᱜᱟᱪᱷᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (ᱳᱡᱤ), ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Barabani CD Block, page 167 and Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |access-date =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱬ===
[[File:Domohani Burning Ghat.jpg|thumb|275px|ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱞᱩᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ]]
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) | publisher= Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 4 September 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
===ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ===
ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/1909_PART_B_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf  |title = District Census Handbook: Barddhaman | work=  Map of Barddhaman with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher=  Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 22 January 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒,᱔᱘᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖,᱔᱑᱓ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱖᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱕᱕᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘,᱑᱐᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱔.᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 18 February 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱵᱽᱨᱚᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱚᱱᱤ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ]], [[ᱵᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ, [[ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯ)]], [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, [[ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ]], [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱓᱗᱘᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠ, ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱮᱞ/ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖᱗᱕ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱠᱤᱥᱟ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱦᱚᱥᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ, ᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱓ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱴᱟᱹ, ᱵᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ, ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |access-date =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱨᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ), ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ-ᱡᱚᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱰ, ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱳᱰ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Google maps&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090403401/domohani-kelejora-high-school-h-s.html | title = Domohani Kelejora High Schools (HS) | publisher =  Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404201/domohani-kelejora-girls-high-school.html | title = Domohani Kelejora Girls’ High School| publisher =  Schools.org.in|access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱝᱵᱟᱦᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404503/singha-bahini-jr-high-school.html| title = Singha Bahini Jr High School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱭᱩᱯᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/barddhaman/19090404204/domohani-hindi-up-school.html | title = Domohani Hindi UP School| publisher = Schools.org.in |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://schools.org.in/west-bengal/barddhaman/barabani/barabani-clrc-office | title = List of Schools in Barabani Clrc Office Clustet (Bardhaman)| publisher =Schools.org.in  |access-date =  27 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱡᱳᱨᱟ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱱᱩᱱᱤ (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | title =Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals  | publisher =Government of West Bengal  | access-date =12 May 2020  | archive-date =8 October 2022  | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf  | url-status =dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | access-date = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>783rlaaairw6zl3c8y5qfwl75z9yv2j</sha1>
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      <comment>MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
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      <text bytes="41" sha1="av6qa6fw24yzo2teb5hgs0vmss577zd" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <comment>MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
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      <sha1>17rtuv26m3lq7ig5qvcfvvqoloe8ivd</sha1>
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      <comment>MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
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      <sha1>6fjhf9gm82pj36l5fcm6r8skx3hf6sl</sha1>
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    <title>ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ</title>
    <ns>1</ns>
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    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-05-19T00:14:13Z</timestamp>
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        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
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      <comment>MT731 ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
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      <text bytes="82" sha1="0nuumgu0q61bvl6b0kzrp1hcktss99k" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ:ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]</text>
      <sha1>0nuumgu0q61bvl6b0kzrp1hcktss99k</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
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        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox settlement | name               = ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ | other_name         =  | nickname           =  | settlement_type    = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ | image_skyline      =  | image_alt          =  | image_caption      =  | pushpin_map        = India West Bengal#India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt    =  | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22069" sha1="4p9voy3hgebfd41lvaedmv6fu0775c7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name               = ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ
| other_name         = 
| nickname           = 
| settlement_type    = ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱟᱰᱮᱯᱟᱥᱮ
| image_skyline      = 
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = 
| pushpin_map        = India West Bengal#India
| pushpin_label_position = right
| pushpin_map_alt    = 
| pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates        = {{coord|23.73|N|86.85|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| subdivision_type3  = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ
| subdivision_name3  = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| established_title  = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date   = 
| founder            = 
| named_for          = 
| government_type    = 
| governing_body     = &lt;!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --&gt;
| seat_type          = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ
| seat               = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ]]
| parts_type         = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ|ᱟᱮᱢᱥᱤ]] ᱣᱟᱨᱰ
| parts_style        = &lt;!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
                               Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--&gt;
| parts              = ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱖᱒,᱖᱓,᱖᱔,᱖᱕&lt;!-- parts text, or header for parts list --&gt;
| p1                 = 
| p2                 = &lt;!-- etc. up to p50: for separate parts to be listed--&gt;
| unit_pref          = Metric
| area_footnotes     = 
| area_rank          = 
| area_total_km2     = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 114
| population_total   = 
| population_as_of   = 
| population_rank    = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym = 
| population_footnotes = 
| demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1 = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1        = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code        = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱔᱓
| registration_plate = 
| blank1_name_sec1   = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1   = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1   = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1   = [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]]
| website            = {{URL|westburdwan.co.in/}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;2015notification&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=The Kolkata Gazette|url=https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf|archive-date=12 March 2017|access-date=9 March 2017|work=Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June 2015|publisher=Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=9 March 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf |archive-date=12 March 2017 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=370| height=380| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|46|10|N|86|54|50|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, P: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, CT: ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, OG: ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ, T: ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ
ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
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ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱓°᱔᱓'᱖᱐N ᱟᱨ ᱘᱖°᱕᱐'᱖᱐E ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑᱔ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 4 September 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ 
ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ (ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ==
[[File:Kulti railway station.JPG|thumb|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]
ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱘᱒ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱢᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ (ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱡᱽᱵᱮᱞ ᱪᱟᱴᱟᱨᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱟᱞ ᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱟᱞ ᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱚ, ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱩᱦᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱᱛᱟ, ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱹᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱟᱱᱮᱨᱡᱤ, ᱑᱙᱗᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱢᱫᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱱᱮᱨᱡᱤ, ᱑᱙᱖᱙ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱩᱱᱟᱭᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱡᱽᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱳᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱠᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚᱵᱚᱨᱛᱤ, ᱑᱙᱖᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱠᱛᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱭ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱯᱤ. ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱸᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱭ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱥᱚᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱫᱷᱭᱟᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱰᱚᱞ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾

ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;handbook2014&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=District Statistical Handbook 2014 Bardhaman|url=http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|access-date=23 September 2018|work=Tables 2.1, 2.2|publisher=Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal|archive-date=21 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Asansol Durgapur Police Commissionerate|url=http://asansoldurgapurpolice.in/#|access-date=18 February 2017|work=Find your police station|publisher=Asansol Durgapur Police}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑᱓,᱘᱐᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱖᱓,᱑᱙᱓ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕᱐,᱖᱑᱖ (᱔᱘%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱕,᱓᱘᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱙,᱙᱕᱒ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱘᱘.᱗᱒%) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census - Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | access-date = 10 March 2017 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&amp;state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱙᱐,᱐᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱗% ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱒% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱕᱙.᱕% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ: ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱐% ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱒% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱐% ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷ, ᱵᱳᱫᱷᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱱᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾[http://bardhaman.nic.in/blocks/blockserch.asp?cd=m04]

===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)&lt;ref&gt;[https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-16T/DDW-C16-TOWN-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX 2011 census data] censusindia.gov.in&lt;/ref&gt;
|label2 = [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]
|value2 = 37.7
|color2 = yellow
|label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
|value1 = 41.18
|color1 = red
|label3 = [[ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱫᱩ]]
|value3 = 16.5
|color3 = brown
|label4 = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]]
|value4 = 3.02
|color4 = orange
|label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
|value5= 1.5
|color5 = blue
}}

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱒᱙,᱒᱒᱙ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱑᱘,᱓᱗᱑, ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑,᱙᱓᱖ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙,᱔᱙᱘ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://view.officeapps.live.com/op/view.aspx?src=https%3A%2F%2Fcensusindia.gov.in%2F2011census%2FC-16%2FDDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2000.XLSX&amp;wdOrigin=BROWSELINK | title = C-16 Population by Mother Tongue| work= Census of India 2011| publisher = Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India| access-date = 6 December 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==
* [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
* [[IISCO ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ]]

==ᱱᱚᱴᱥ==
* ᱰᱨ. ᱮᱱ. ᱟᱨ. ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱤᱣᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ''

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>4p9voy3hgebfd41lvaedmv6fu0775c7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ISBN?</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>35997</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192062</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:11:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;&lt;!--{{ISBN missing}} begin--&gt;{{Fix | subst = &lt;includeonly&gt;{{subst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;substcheck}}&lt;/includeonly&gt; | link  = Wikipedia:Citing sources | text  = ISBN&amp;nbsp;missing | title = Please supply an ISBN for this book. | date  = {{{date|}}} | cat   = [[Category:Pages with missing ISBNs]] | cat-date = &lt;!--Category:Articles with broken citations--&gt; }}&lt;!--{{ISBN missing}} end--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{Documentation}} &lt;!-- Add ca...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192062</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="509" sha1="79uolybx62iz33whodwejn00apf80nt" xml:space="preserve">&lt;!--{{ISBN missing}} begin--&gt;{{Fix
| subst = &lt;includeonly&gt;{{subst:&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;includeonly&gt;substcheck}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;
| link  = Wikipedia:Citing sources
| text  = ISBN&amp;nbsp;missing
| title = Please supply an ISBN for this book.
| date  = {{{date|}}}
| cat   = [[Category:Pages with missing ISBNs]]
| cat-date = &lt;!--Category:Articles with broken citations--&gt;
}}&lt;!--{{ISBN missing}} end--&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add categories to the /doc subpage, interwikis to Wikidata, not here --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>79uolybx62iz33whodwejn00apf80nt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Hemiptera</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>35998</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192063</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:13:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{navbox with collapsible groups |name=Hemiptera |title=Extant [[Hemiptera]] families |bodyclass=hlist |state={{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|collapsed&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}} |selected={{{1|}}} |abbr1=1 |abbr2=2 |abbr3=3 |above= *Kingdom: [[Animal]]ia *Phylum: [[Arthropod]]a *Class: [[Insect]]a *Subclass: [[Pterygota]] *Infraclass: [[Neoptera]] *Superorder: [[Paraneoptera]]  |group1=Suborder [[Auchenorrhyncha]] |list1={{Navbox|subgroup |group...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192063</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9578" sha1="2k0xykacmisg0vfhf642svhndcy306n" xml:space="preserve">{{navbox with collapsible groups
|name=Hemiptera
|title=Extant [[Hemiptera]] families
|bodyclass=hlist
|state={{{state&lt;includeonly&gt;|collapsed&lt;/includeonly&gt;}}}
|selected={{{1|}}}
|abbr1=1
|abbr2=2
|abbr3=3
|above=
*Kingdom: [[Animal]]ia
*Phylum: [[Arthropod]]a
*Class: [[Insect]]a
*Subclass: [[Pterygota]]
*Infraclass: [[Neoptera]]
*Superorder: [[Paraneoptera]]

|group1=Suborder [[Auchenorrhyncha]]
|list1={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 12.15em

|group1=[[Cicadomorpha]]
|list1={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 11em

|group1=[[Froghopper|Cercopoidea]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(froghoppers)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list1=
*[[Aphrophoridae]]
*[[Cercopidae]]
*[[Clastopteridae]]
*[[Ischnorhinidae]]
*[[Machaerotidae]]
|group2=[[Cicada|Cicadoidea]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(cicadas)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list2=
*[[Cicada|Cicadidae]]
*[[Tettigarctidae|Tettigarctidae &lt;small&gt;(hairy cicadas)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group3=[[Membracoidea]]
|list3=
*[[Aetalionidae]]
*[[Leafhopper|Cicadellidae &lt;small&gt;(leafhoppers)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Melizoderidae]]
*[[Treehopper|Membracidae &lt;small&gt;(typical treehoppers, thorn bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Myerslopiidae]]
}}
|group2=[[Planthopper|Fulgoromorpha]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(planthoppers)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list2={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 11em

|group2=[[Planthopper|Fulgoroidea]]
|list2=
*[[Acanaloniidae]]
*[[Achilidae]]
*[[Achilixiidae]]
*[[Cixiidae]]
*[[Delphacidae]]
*[[Derbidae]]
*[[Dictyopharidae]]
*[[Eurybrachidae]]
*[[Flatidae]]
*[[Fulgoridae|Fulgoridae &lt;small&gt;(lanternflies)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Gengidae]]
*[[Hypochthonellidae]]
*[[Issidae]]
*[[Kinnaridae]]
*[[Lophopidae]]
*[[Meenoplidae]]
*[[Nogodinidae]]
*[[Ricaniidae]]
*[[Tettigometridae]]
*[[Tropiduchidae]]
}}}}

|group2=Suborder [[Sternorrhyncha]]
|list2={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 23.3em

|group1=[[Whitefly|Aleyrodoidea]]
|list1=
*[[Whitefly|Aleyrodidae &lt;small&gt;(whiteflies)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group2=[[Aphid|Aphidoidea]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(aphids)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list2=
*[[Aphididae]]
|group3=[[Scale insect|Coccoidea]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(scale insects)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list3=
*[[Aclerdidae]]
*[[Asterolecaniidae|Asterolecaniidae &lt;small&gt;(pit scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Beesoniidae|Beesoniidae &lt;small&gt;(beesoniids)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Carayonemidae|Carayonemidae &lt;small&gt;(carayonemids)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Cerococcidae|Cerococcidae &lt;small&gt;(ornate pit scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Coccidae|Coccidae &lt;small&gt;(soft scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Conchaspididae]]
*[[Dactylopius|Dactylopiidae &lt;small&gt;(cochineals)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Diaspididae|Diaspididae &lt;small&gt;(armored scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Eriococcidae|Eriococcidae &lt;small&gt;(felt scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Halimococcidae|Halimococcidae &lt;small&gt;(pupillarial palm scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Kermesidae]]
*[[Kerriidae|Kerriidae &lt;small&gt;(lac scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Lecanodiaspididae|Lecanodiaspididae &lt;small&gt;(false pit scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Margarodidae|Margarodidae &lt;small&gt;(cottony cushion scales, giant coccids, ground pearls)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Micrococcidae|Micrococcidae &lt;small&gt;(Mediterranean scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Monophlebidae|Monophlebidae &lt;small&gt;(giant scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Ortheziidae|Ortheziidae &lt;small&gt;(ensign scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Phenacoleachiidae|Phenacoleachiidae &lt;small&gt;(phenacoleachiids)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Phoenicococcidae|Phoenicococcidae &lt;small&gt;(palm scales)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Mealybug|Pseudococcidae &lt;small&gt;(mealybugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Putoidae|Putoidae &lt;small&gt;(giant mealybugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Stictococcidae|Stictococcidae &lt;small&gt;(stictococcids)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group4=[[Phylloxeroidea]]
|list4=
*[[Adelgidae|Adelgidae &lt;small&gt;(woolly conifer aphids)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Phylloxeridae|Phylloxeridae &lt;small&gt;(phylloxerans)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group5=[[Psylloidea]]
|list5=
*[[Aphalaridae]]
*[[Calophyidae]]
*[[Carsidaridae]]
*[[Homotomidae]]
*[[Phacopteronidae]]
*[[Psyllidae|Psyllidae &lt;small&gt;(jumping plant lice)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Triozidae]]
}}
|group3=Suborder [[Coleorrhyncha]]  
|list3={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 12.15em
|list1={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 12.15em| groupstyle = padding-right:11.15em;
|group1=[[Peloridiidae|Peloridiomorpha]]
|list1=
*[[Peloridiidae]]
}}
}}

|group4=Suborder [[Heteroptera]]  
|list4={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 12.15em

|list1={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 12.15em| groupstyle = padding-right:11.15em;

|group1=[[Dipsocoromorpha]]
|list1=
*[[Ceratocombidae]]
*[[Dipsocoridae]]
*[[Hypsipterygidae]]
*[[Schizopteridae]]
*[[Stemmocryptidae]]
}}
|group2=[[Enicocephalomorpha]]
|list2={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 11em

|group2=[[Enicocephalomorpha|Enicocephaloidea]]
|list2=
*[[Aenictopecheidae]]
*[[Enicocephalidae|Enicocephalidae &lt;small&gt;(unique-headed bugs, gnat bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
}}
|group3=[[Gerromorpha]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(semiaquatic bugs)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list3={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 11em

|group1=[[Gerroidea]]
|list1=
*[[Gerridae|Gerridae &lt;small&gt;(water striders)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Hermatobatidae]]
*[[Veliidae|Veliidae &lt;small&gt;(riffle bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group2=[[Velvet water bug|Hebroidea]]
|list2=
*[[Velvet water bug|Hebridae &lt;small&gt;(velvet water bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group3=[[Hydrometroidea]]
|list3=
*[[Hydrometridae|Hydrometridae &lt;small&gt;(marsh treaders or water measurers)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Macroveliidae]]
*[[Paraphrynoveliidae]]
|group4=[[Water treader|Mesovelioidea]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(water treaders)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list4=
*[[Madeoveliidae]]
*[[Mesoveliidae]]
}}
|list4={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 12.15em| groupstyle = padding-right:11.15em;

|group1=[[Leptopodomorpha]]
|list1=
*[[Saldidae|Saldidae &lt;small&gt;(shore bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Leptopodidae|Leptopodidae &lt;small&gt;(spiny shore bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Omaniidae]]
*[[Aepophilidae]]
}}
|group5=[[Nepomorpha]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(true water bugs)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list5={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 11em

|group2=[[Corixidae|Corixoidea]]
|list2=
*[[Corixidae|Corixidae &lt;small&gt;(water boatmen)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group3=[[Nepoidea]]
|list3=
*[[Belostomatidae|Belostomatidae &lt;small&gt;(giant water bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Nepidae|Nepidae &lt;small&gt;(water scorpions, needle bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group4=[[Ochteroidea]]
|list4=
*[[Gelastocoridae|Gelastocoridae &lt;small&gt;(toad bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Ochteridae|Ochteridae &lt;small&gt;(velvety shore bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group5=[[Aphelocheiroidea]]
|list5=
*[[Aphelocheiridae]]
*[[Potamocoridae]]
|group6=[[Naucoridae|Naucoroidea]]
|list6=
*[[Naucoridae|Naucoridae &lt;small&gt;(creeping water bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group7=[[Notonectidae|Notonectoidea]]
|list7=
*[[Notonectidae|Notonectidae &lt;small&gt;(backswimmers)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group8=[[Pleoidea]]
|list8=
*[[Helotrephidae]]
*[[Pleidae|Pleidae &lt;small&gt;(pygmy backswimmers)&lt;/small&gt;]]
}}

|group7=[[Cimicomorpha]]
|list7={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 11em

|group2=[[Cimicoidea]]
|list2=
*[[Anthocoridae|Anthocoridae &lt;small&gt;(minute pirate bugs or flower bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Cimicidae|Cimicidae &lt;small&gt;(bed bugs, bat bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Curalium|Curaliidae &lt;small&gt;(''Curalium cronini'')&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Joppeicidae]]
*[[Lasiochilidae]]
*[[Lyctocoridae]]
*[[Medocostidae]]
*[[Microphysidae]]
*[[Miridae|Miridae &lt;small&gt;(plant bugs, leaf bugs, grass bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Nabidae|Nabidae &lt;small&gt;(damsel bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Pachynomidae]]
*[[Plokiophilidae]]
*[[Polyctenidae|Polyctenidae &lt;small&gt;(old world bat bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Reduviidae|Reduviidae &lt;small&gt;(assassin bugs, wheel bugs, thread-legged bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Thaumastocoridae|Thaumastocoridae &lt;small&gt;(royal palm bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Tingidae|Tingidae &lt;small&gt;(lace bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Velocipedidae]]
}}
|group8=[[Pentatomomorpha]]
|list8={{Navbox|subgroup
|groupwidth = 11em

|group1=[[Aradoidea]]
|list1=
*[[Aradidae|Aradidae &lt;small&gt;(flat bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Termitaphididae|Termitaphididae &lt;small&gt;(termite bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group2=[[Pentatomoidea]]&lt;br/&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#696969&quot;&gt;&lt;small&gt;{{Nobold|(shield bugs)}}&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
|list2=
*[[Urostylididae]]
*[[Acanthosomatidae|Acanthosomatidae &lt;small&gt;(shield bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Tessaratomidae|Tessaratomidae &lt;small&gt;(giant shield bugs and relatives)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Dinidoridae]]
*[[Cydnidae|Cydnidae &lt;small&gt;(burrowing bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Thaumastellidae]]
*[[Parastrachiidae]]
*[[Thyreocoridae|Thyreocoridae &lt;small&gt;(includes ebony bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Lestoniidae]]
*[[Phloeidae]]
*[[Scutelleridae|Scutelleridae &lt;small&gt;(jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Plataspidae]]
*[[Pentatomidae|Pentatomidae &lt;small&gt;(stink bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Canopidae]]
*[[Megarididae]]
|group3=[[Coreoidea]]
|list3=
*[[Alydidae|Alydidae &lt;small&gt;(broad-headed bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Coreidae|Coreidae &lt;small&gt;(squash bugs, leaf-footed bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Hyocephalidae]]
*[[Rhopalidae|Rhopalidae &lt;small&gt;(scentless plant bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Stenocephalidae]]
|group4=[[Lygaeoidea]]
|list4=
*[[Artheneidae]]
*[[Berytidae|Berytidae &lt;small&gt;(stilt bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Blissidae]]
*[[Colobathristidae]]
*[[Cryptorhamphidae]]
*[[Cymidae]]
*[[Geocoridae]]
*[[Heterogastridae]]
*[[Lygaeidae|Lygaeidae &lt;small&gt;(milkweed bugs, true seed bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Malcidae]]
*[[Meschiidae]]
*[[Ninidae]]
*[[Oxycarenidae]]
*[[Pachygronthidae]]
*[[Rhyparochromidae|Rhyparochromidae &lt;small&gt;(atypical seed bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Piesmatidae|Piesmatidae &lt;small&gt;(ash-grey leaf bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group5=[[Pyrrhocoroidea]]
|list5=
*[[Pyrrhocoridae|Pyrrhocoridae &lt;small&gt;(red bugs, cotton stainers)&lt;/small&gt;]]
*[[Largidae|Largidae &lt;small&gt;(bordered plant bugs)&lt;/small&gt;]]
|group6=[[Idiostoloidea]]
|list6=
*[[Idiostolidae]]
*[[Henicocoridae]]
}}}}

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{collapsible option}}

[[Category:Insects navigational boxes|Hemiptera]]

&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>2k0xykacmisg0vfhf642svhndcy306n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Insects in culture</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>35999</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192064</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:14:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Navbox | name      = Insects in culture | state     = {{{state|autocollapse}}}  | title     = [[Human interactions with insects]] | image     =  | bodyclass = hlist  |group1  = Aspects&lt;br&gt;of [[insect]]s&lt;br&gt;in culture |list1   = {{Navbox|subgroup |group1  = In the arts |list1  = * [[Insects in art]] ** [[Beetlewing]] ** ''[[Musca depicta]]'' * [[Arthropods in film]] * [[Insects in literature]] * [[Insects in music]] ** List...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192064</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2845" sha1="6jwg5tjht2stuf1273gfnoinisg7vvx" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name      = Insects in culture
| state     = {{{state|autocollapse}}} 
| title     = [[Human interactions with insects]]
| image     = 
| bodyclass = hlist

|group1  = Aspects&lt;br&gt;of [[insect]]s&lt;br&gt;in culture
|list1   =
{{Navbox|subgroup
|group1  = In the arts
|list1  =
* [[Insects in art]]
** [[Beetlewing]]
** ''[[Musca depicta]]''
* [[Arthropods in film]]
* [[Insects in literature]]
* [[Insects in music]]
** [[List of insect-inspired songs]]
* [[Insects on stamps]]

|group2  = In fishing
|list2   =
* [[Fishing bait]]
* [[Fly fishing]]
* [[Artificial fly]]
* [[Fly tying]]

|group3  = [[Insects in medicine|In medicine]]
|list3   =
* [[Apitherapy]]
** [[Apitoxin]]
** [[Melittin]]
* [[Lytta vesicatoria|Spanish fly]]
** [[Cantharidin]]

|group4  = [[Insects in mythology|In mythology]]
|list4   =
* [[Bees in mythology]]&lt;!--all over--&gt;
* [[Cicadas in mythology]]&lt;!--China, Japan, Ancient Greece--&gt;
* [[Scarab (artifact)]]&lt;!--Ancient Egypt--&gt;

|group5  = Other aspects
|list5   =
* [[Biomimetics|Biomimicry]]
* [[Cockroach racing]]
* [[Cockroaches in popular culture]]
* [[Cricket fighting]]
* [[Entomological warfare]]
* [[Entomophagy in humans|Entomophagy]]
** [[Insects as food|as food]]
** [[Insects as feed|as animal feed]]
* [[Insect farming]]
* [[Flea circus]]
* [[Insects in ethics]]
* [[Insects in Japanese culture|Insects in Japan]]
* [[Insects in religion]]
* [[Jingzhe]]

|group6 = [[Economic entomology|Economic&lt;br/&gt;entomology]]
|list6  =
* [[Beneficial insect]]
* [[Biological pest control]]
* [[Beekeeping]]
** [[Bee pollen]]
** [[List of crop plants pollinated by bees]]
** [[Beeswax]]
** [[Honey]]
** [[Propolis]]
** [[Royal jelly]]
* [[Carmine|Carmine/Cochineal]]
** [[Polish cochineal|Polish]]
* [[Chitin]]
* [[Kermes (dye)|Kermes]]
* [[Sericulture]]
** [[Silk]]
* [[Shellac]]
* [[Model organism]]
** ''[[Drosophila melanogaster]]''

|group7  = [[Pest (organism)#Insects|Harmful&lt;br&gt;insects]]&lt;!--economic--&gt;
|list7   =
* [[Insect bites and stings]]
* [[Insect sting allergy]]
* [[Bed bug]]
* [[Woodworm]]
* [[Home-stored product entomology]]
* [[Clothes moth]]
}}

|group3 = Pioneers
|list3  =
* [[Jan Swammerdam]]
* [[Alfred Russel Wallace]]
* [[Jean-Henri Fabre]]
* [[Hans Zinsser]] (''[[Rats, Lice and History]]'')
* [[Lafcadio Hearn]] (''Insect Literature'')

|group4 = Concerns
|list4  =
* [[Colony collapse disorder]]
* [[Decline in insect populations]]
* [[Habitat destruction]]
* [[List of endangered insects]]
* [[Pesticide]]
** [[Insecticide]]
** [[Neonicotinoid]]
** [[Pesticide toxicity to bees]]

| belowstyle = font-weight:bold;
|below={{portal-inline|size=small|Insects}}


|group6 = Categories,&lt;br&gt;templates
|list6  =
* [[:Category:Insects and humans|Insects and humans]]
* [[Template:Insecticides|Insecticides]]
* [[Template:Pesticides|Pesticides]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>6jwg5tjht2stuf1273gfnoinisg7vvx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Cicada Broods</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>36000</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192065</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:15:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Navbox |name = Cicada Broods |title = [[Periodical cicadas|Periodic cicada broods]] |state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} |listclass = hlist  |group1 = 17-year |list1 = * [[Brood I]] * [[Brood II]] * [[Brood III]] * [[Brood IV]] * [[Brood V]] * [[Brood VI]] * [[Brood VII]] * [[Brood VIII]] * [[Brood IX]] * [[Brood X]] * ''[[Brood XI]]'' * [[Brood XIII]] * [[Brood XIV]]  |group2 = 13-year |list2 = * [[Brood XIX]] * ''[[Brood XXI]...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192065</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="661" sha1="evsnyla9ozfmp7a6ifi11pda6il2i3l" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
|name = Cicada Broods
|title = [[Periodical cicadas|Periodic cicada broods]]
|state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
|listclass = hlist

|group1 = 17-year
|list1 =
* [[Brood I]]
* [[Brood II]]
* [[Brood III]]
* [[Brood IV]]
* [[Brood V]]
* [[Brood VI]]
* [[Brood VII]]
* [[Brood VIII]]
* [[Brood IX]]
* [[Brood X]]
* ''[[Brood XI]]''
* [[Brood XIII]]
* [[Brood XIV]]

|group2 = 13-year
|list2 =
* [[Brood XIX]]
* ''[[Brood XXI]]''
* [[Brood XXII]]
* [[Brood XXIII]]

|group3 = Related
|list3 =
* [[Cicada]] 

|below = ''Italics'' indicate extinct broods.
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{navbox documentation}}
[[Category:United States topic navigational boxes]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>evsnyla9ozfmp7a6ifi11pda6il2i3l</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Meat</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>36001</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192066</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:16:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Navbox | name = Meat | title = [[Meat]] | state = {{{state|autocollapse}}} | bodyclass = hlist  | image = [[File:FoodMeat.jpg|100px|Food meat]]&lt;br&gt;[[File:Plateau van zeevruchten.jpg|100px|Platter of seafood]] | above =   | group1 = [[Poultry]] | list1 =  * [[Cassowary]] * [[Chicken as food|Chicken]] * [[Duck as food|Duck]] * [[Emu]] * [[Goose as food|Goose]] * [[Ostrich meat|Ostrich]] * [[Squab|Pigeon]] * Quail as food|Qua...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6506" sha1="gjdxo7jcouev6vvwot2iv4xr5vji3hv" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name = Meat
| title = [[Meat]]
| state = {{{state|autocollapse}}}
| bodyclass = hlist

| image = [[File:FoodMeat.jpg|100px|Food meat]]&lt;br&gt;[[File:Plateau van zeevruchten.jpg|100px|Platter of seafood]]
| above = 

| group1 = [[Poultry]]
| list1 = 
* [[Cassowary]]
* [[Chicken as food|Chicken]]
* [[Duck as food|Duck]]
* [[Emu]]
* [[Goose as food|Goose]]
* [[Ostrich meat|Ostrich]]
* [[Squab|Pigeon]]
* [[Quail as food|Quail]]
* [[Rhea (bird)|Rhea]]
* [[Turkey as food|Turkey]]

| group2 = [[Livestock]]
| list2 = 
* [[Alpaca]]
* [[Beef]]
* [[Beefalo]]
* [[American bison|Bison]]
* [[Buffalo meat|Buffalo]]
* [[Camel meat|Camel]]
* [[Cat meat|Cat]]
* [[Goat meat|Goat]]
* [[Dog meat|Dog]]
* [[Donkey meat|Donkey]]
* [[Snails as food|Snails]]
* [[Frog legs|Frog]]
* [[Guinea pig]]
* [[Horse meat|Horse]]
* [[Lamb and mutton]]
* [[Llama]]
* [[Pork]]
* [[Veal]]
* [[Yak]]
* [[Żubroń]]

| group3 = [[Game (hunting)|Game]]
| list3 = 
* [[Alligator meat|Alligator]]
* [[Bat as food|Bat]]
* [[Bear hunting|Bear]]
* [[Bushmeat]]
* [[Wild boar|Boar]]
* [[crocodile meat|Crocodile]]
* [[Elephant meat|Elephant]]
* [[Fox#As food|Fox]]
* [[Iguana meat|Iguana]]
* [[Kangaroo meat|Kangaroo]] 
* [[Monkey meat|Monkey]]
* [[Mouse#As food|Mouse]]
* [[Pangolin trade|Pangolin]]
* [[Rat meat|Rat]]
* [[Hare]]
* [[Rabbit#As food and clothing|Rabbit]]
* [[Snake#Consumption|Snake]]
* [[Turtle]]
* [[Venison]]
* [[Dog meat|Dog]]
** [[Wolf hunting|Wolf]]

| group4 = [[Fish as food|Fish]]
| list4 = 
* [[Anchovies as food|Anchovy]]
* [[Basa (fish)|Basa]]
* [[Bass (fish)|Bass]]
* [[Carp#As food|Carp]]
* [[Catfish]]
* [[Cod as food|Cod]]
* [[Crappie]]
* [[Eel as food|Eel]]
* [[Flounder]]
* [[Grouper]]
* [[Haddock]]
* [[Halibut]]
* [[Herring as food|Herring]]
* [[King mackerel|Kingfish]]
* [[Mackerel as food|Mackerel]]
* [[Mahi-mahi|Mahi Mahi]]
* [[Marlin]]
* [[Milkfish]]
* [[Orange roughy]]
* [[Pacific saury]]
* [[Perch]]
* [[Esox|Pike]]
* [[Cod as food|Pollock]]
* [[Salmon as food|Salmon]]
* [[Sardines as food|Sardine]]
* [[Shark meat|Shark]]
* [[Sole (fish)|Sole]]
* [[Iridescent shark|Swai]]
* [[Swordfish]]
* [[Tilapia]]
* [[Trout]]
* [[Tuna as food|Tuna]]
* [[Wahoo]]
* [[Walleye]]

| group5 = [[Shellfish]] and&lt;br&gt;other [[Seafood|seafood]]
| list5 = 
* [[Abalone]]
* [[Squid as food|Calamari]]
* [[Chiton]]
* [[Clam]]
* [[Crab meat|Crab]]
* [[Crayfish as food|Crayfish]]
* [[Dolphin]]
* [[Jellyfish as food|Jellyfish]]
* [[Lobster as food|Lobster]]
* [[Mussel]]
* [[Octopus as food|Octopus]]
* [[Oyster]]
* [[Scallop]]
* [[Seal meat|Seal]]
* [[Shrimp and prawn as food|Shrimp/prawn]]
* [[Sea cucumbers as food|Sea cucumber]]
* [[Ascidiacea#Culinary|Sea squirt]]
* [[Sea urchin#As food|Sea urchin]]
* [[Whale meat|Whale]]
| group6 = [[Insects as food|Insects]]
| list6 = 
* [[Ant eggs|Ants]]
* [[Hermetia illucens|Black soldier fly maggots]]
* [[Cicada|Cicada]]
* [[Cricket (insect)|Crickets]]
**[[Cricket flour|Flour]]
* [[Grasshopper]]s ([[locust]])
* [[Mealworm]]
* [[Mezcal worm]]
* [[Mojojoy]]
* [[Bombyx mori|Silkworm]]
* [[Gonimbrasia belina|Mopane worm]]
* [[Rhynchophorus|Palm grub]]

| group7 = Cuts and&lt;br&gt;preparation
| list7 = 
* [[Meat hanging|Aged]]
* [[Bacon]]
* [[Barbecue]]d
* [[Biltong]]
* [[Braising|Braised]]
* [[Patty|Burger]]
* [[Charcuterie]]
* [[Meat chop|Chop]]
* [[Confit#Meat_confit|Confit]]
* [[Corned beef|Corned]]
* [[Curing (food preservation)|Cured]]
* [[Cutlet]]
* [[Dried meat|Dried]]
* [[Dum pukht|Dum]]
* [[Fermented meat|Fermented]]
* [[Fillet (cut)|Fillet]]/[[supreme (cooking)|supreme]]
* [[Forcemeat]]
** [[Cretons]]
** [[Pâté]]
* [[Frying|Fried]]
* [[Frozen food|Frozen]]
* [[Ground meat|Ground]]
* [[Ham]]
* [[Jerky]]
* [[Kebab]]
* [[Kidney (food)|Kidney]]
* [[Liver (food)|Liver]]
* [[Lunch meat|Luncheon meat]]
* [[Marination|Marinated]]
* [[Meatball]]
* [[Meatloaf]]
* [[Offal]]
* [[Pickling|Pickled]]
* [[Pemmican]]
* [[Poaching (cooking)|Poached]]
* [[Potted meat|Potted]]
* [[Rillettes]]
* [[Roasting|Roasted]]
* [[Salting (food)#Meat|Salt-cured]]
* [[Salumi]]
* [[Sausage]]
* [[Smoked meat|Smoked]]
* [[Steak]]
* [[Stew#Types of stew|Stewed]]
* [[Tandoor]]
* [[Steak tartare|Tartare]]

| group8 = List articles
| list8 = 
{{navbox |child |
| group1 =[[List of meat dishes|Meat dishes]]
| list1 =
* [[List of beef dishes|Beef]]
* [[List of chicken dishes|Chicken]]
* [[List of fish dishes|Fish]]
* [[List of goat dishes|Goat]]
* [[list of lamb dishes|Lamb]]
* [[List of pork dishes|Pork]]
** [[List of ham dishes|Ham]]
* [[List of seafood dishes|Seafood]]
* [[List of veal dishes|Veal]]
* [[List of steak dishes|Steaks]]
* [[List of meatball dishes|Meatball]]
* [[List of smoked foods|Smoked foods]]
* [[List of sausage dishes|Sausage]]

| group2 = Other
| list2  = 
* [[List of countries by meat consumption|Countries by meat consumption]]
* [[List of countries by meat production|Countries by meat production]]
* [[Food and drink prohibitions]]
* [[List of meat substitutes|Meat substitutes]]

}}
| group9 = Ethics and&lt;/br&gt;psychology
| list9 = 
* [[Ethics of eating meat]]
* [[Carnism]]
* [[Animal rights]]
* [[Psychology of eating meat]]
** [[Psychology of eating meat#Meat paradox|Meat paradox]]

| group10 = Alternatives
| list10 = 
* [[Vegetarianism]]
* [[Flexitarianism|Semi-vegetarianism]]
** [[Pescetarianism]]
** [[Pollotarianism]]
* [[Plant-based diet]]
* [[Meat alternative]]
* [[Veganism]]

| group11 = [[Meat science]]
| list11 = 
* [[Beef hormone controversy]]
* [[Drip loss]]
* [[Feed conversion ratio]]
* [[Food preservation|Preservation]]
* [[Meat tenderness|Tenderness]]
* [[Meat water holding capacity|Water holding capacity]]

| group12 = [[Meat industry]]
| list12 = 
* [[Meat broker|Broker]]
* [[Branch house (building)|Branch house]]
* [[Butcher]]
* [[Meat cutter|Cutter]]
* [[Environmental impacts of animal agriculture|Environmental impact]]
* [[Intensive animal farming|Factory farming]]
* [[Meat jobber|Jobber]]
* [[Meat-packing industry|Packing]]
* [[Animal slaughter|Slaughter]]
** [[Slaughterhouse]]

| group13 = Related&lt;br&gt;subjects
| list13 = 
* [[Arachnophagy]]
* [[Artificial marbling]]
* [[Human cannibalism|Cannibalism]]
* [[Case-ready meat]]
** [[Meat diaper]]
* [[Cultured meat]]
* [[Entomophagy in humans|Entomophagy]]
* [[Mystery meat]]
* [[Offal]]
* [[Non-vegetarian food in India]]
* [[Pink slime]]
* [[Raw meat]]
* [[Red meat]]
* [[Roadkill cuisine]]
* [[Warmed-over flavor]]
* [[White meat]]

| below   = 
* {{portal-inline|size=tiny|Food}}
* {{category-inline|Meat}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Category-inline</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>36002</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192067</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:17:28Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Icon|Category}}&amp;nbsp;[[:Category:{{{1}}}|{{#if:{{{notext|}}}|Category|{{{2|Category: {{{1}}} }}} }}]]&lt;noinclude&gt;  {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>192075</id>
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{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Cladogram</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>36003</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192068</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:20:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ</username>
        <id>1102</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{| style=&quot;border: 1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1); background-color: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: inherit; vertical-align: middle; width: {{ifnumber|{{{width|}}}|{{{width}}}|248}}px;  {{#switch:{{lc:{{{align|}}}}} | left = margin:0.2em 1em 0.2em 0; float:left; clear:left; | center | centre =  margin:0.2em auto; | none =  | right | #default = margin:0.2em 0 0.2em 1em; float:right; clear:...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱟᱥᱤᱭᱮᱦ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36004</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192069</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T06:51:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
        <id>8962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nawa</comment>
      <origin>192069</origin>
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      <text bytes="24803" sha1="hyy5gsx59lseqv2f248cki7ixo9ctjm" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Asieh Amini.png|thumb|ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ]]
'''ᱟᱥᱤᱭᱮᱦ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ''' ({{langx|fa|آسیه امینی}}; ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱓) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱱᱰᱦᱮᱭᱤᱢ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱾
== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱣᱰᱟᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot;&gt;{{cite magazine |author=Secor |first=Laura |date=27 December 2015 |title=War of Words |url=http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/04/war-of-words-annals-of-activism-laura-secor |url-status=live |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101115822/http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/01/04/war-of-words-annals-of-activism-laura-secor |archive-date=1 January 2016 |access-date=1 January 2016 |series=Annals of Activism}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱥᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ, ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱤᱭᱮᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot; /&gt;
ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱮ ᱨᱟᱜᱽ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱵᱟᱛᱟᱵᱟᱭᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ''ᱤᱨᱟᱱ'' ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ''ᱤᱨᱟᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱟᱢᱤ ᱑᱙᱙৭ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱤᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱱ'' ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ''ᱡᱟᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱞᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱛᱮᱢᱟᱫᱽ'' ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot; /&gt;
᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒０᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱚᱱᱰᱦᱮᱭᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ICORN ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱲᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;icorn&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Asieh Amini |url=https://www.icorn.org/writer/asieh-amini |website=icorn.org |publisher=icorn |accessdate=20 October 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨᱥ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱ ᱵᱚᱨᱰ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;pen&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Asieh Amini |url=https://norskpen.no/nb_NO/2016/10/13/october-2016-asieh-amini-2/ |website=norskpen.no |publisher=PEN |accessdate=20 October 2019 |archive-date=19 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191019212249/https://norskpen.no/nb_NO/2016/10/13/october-2016-asieh-amini-2/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮ 'ᱥᱴᱚᱯ ᱥᱴᱚᱱᱤᱝ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ' ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot; /&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Day 14: Meet Asieh Amini, Iran |url=http://nobelwomensinitiative.org/2013/12/day-14-meet-asieh-amini-iran/ |website=[[Nobel Women's Initiative]] |date=December 8, 2013 |accessdate=2016-08-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160411004033/http://nobelwomensinitiative.org/2013/12/day-14-meet-asieh-amini-iran/ |archive-date=April 11, 2016 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱛᱮᱯᱷᱮᱦ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱞᱮᱦ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭᱫᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱨᱟᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱜᱷᱚᱥᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot; /&gt; ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot; /&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ-ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot; /&gt;
ᱟᱛᱮᱯᱷᱮᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤᱭ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ-ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ-ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱮᱞ-ᱟᱨᱮ-ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ-ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱥᱭᱟᱵᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱮᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱚᱰᱟ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱭᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱚᱱᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱭᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱱ'' ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱭᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱡᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱜᱽᱱᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱠ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱟᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱮᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot; /&gt; ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ, ᱥᱟᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ, ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱭᱞᱟ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱠᱷᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Iranian poet and journalist Asieh Amini is awarded Freedom prize|url=http://www.icorn.org/article/iranian-poet-and-journalist-asieh-amini-awarded-freedom-prize|website=[[International Cities of Refuge Network]]|date=September 3, 2014|accessdate=2016-08-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160818022515/http://www.icorn.org/article/iranian-poet-and-journalist-asieh-amini-awarded-freedom-prize|archive-date=August 18, 2016|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱜᱽᱭᱚᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱴᱚᱯ ᱥᱴᱚᱱᱤᱝ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ' ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot; /&gt; ᱢᱟᱦᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱟᱦᱢᱟᱫᱤᱱᱮᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ-ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱟᱨᱴᱮᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱤ-ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ-ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;meet&quot; /&gt;
ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱴᱨᱚᱱᱰᱦᱮᱭᱤᱢ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱩᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱲᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Asieh Amini|url=http://www.icorn.org/writer/asieh-amini|website=[[International Cities of Refuge Network]]|accessdate=2016-08-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501120134/http://icorn.org/writer/asieh-amini|archive-date=2016-05-01|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ==
''ᱡᱟᱱ'' ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱟᱡᱮᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱴᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱢᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱨᱩᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱥᱴᱚ|ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ]] ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱨᱩᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;secor&quot; /&gt;
== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ==
* ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱣᱢᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱣᱟᱪ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱢᱮᱱ/ ᱦᱮᱢᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
* ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱮᱥᱠᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱟᱢ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱤᱵᱽ/ ᱯᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
* ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱰ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱜᱨᱮᱱᱥᱮᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
== ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ==
* &quot;ᱦᱮᱭ, ... ᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱮᱢ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ  &quot;
* &quot;ᱠᱳᱢ ᱤᱠᱠᱮ ᱛᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱰᱨᱳᱢᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱰ ᱜᱮᱵᱷᱮᱨ&quot; (&quot;ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱠᱢᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ark.no/boker/Asieh-Amini-Kom-ikke-til-mine-drommer-med-gevaer-9788292400623|title=Kom ikke til mine drømmer med gevær - dikt | Asieh Amini | ARK Bokhandel}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;ᱡᱮᱜᱽ ᱥᱟᱵᱷᱱᱮᱨ ᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱷᱱᱮ ᱰᱮᱜᱽ&quot; (&quot;ᱤᱧ ᱟᱢ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱤᱧ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱮᱫᱟ&quot;)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.ark.no/boker/Asieh-Amini-Jeg-savner-a-savne-deg-9788292400883|title = Jeg savner å savne deg | Asieh Amini | ARK Bokhandel}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* &quot;ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱟᱣᱩᱴ- (ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ), ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱩᱥ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞᱥᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ&quot;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{reflist}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱡᱟᱱᱫᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>hyy5gsx59lseqv2f248cki7ixo9ctjm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36005</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192070</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T07:04:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
        <id>8962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ</comment>
      <origin>192070</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17874" sha1="0aoo196w4f7rhrcqhqtordovhfvb32z" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱖᱒)}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific_prefix =
| name             = ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ
| honorific_suffix =
| native_name      = فرحنازبهرامی
| native_name_lang = fa
| image            =
| image_size       =
| caption          =
| office1       = [[ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ
| constituency1 = [[ᱦᱮᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ (ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ)|ᱦᱮᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ]]
| 1blankname1   = ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ
| 1namedata1    = [[ᱱᱤᱞᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱴᱨᱳᱭᱮᱱ]] {{small|(᱒᱐᱒᱕–)}}
| term_start1   = ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕
| term_end1     =
| birth_name  =
| birth_date  = {{Birth date and age|1962|03|21|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱫᱽ]], ᱤᱨᱟᱱ
| death_date  =
| death_place =
| citizenship =
| party       = [[ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ)|ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]]
| other_party =
| spouse      =
| partner     =
| relations   =
| children    = ᱒
| alma_mater  =
| occupation  =
| profession  =
| signature   =
| website     =
| footnotes   =
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ''' ({{langx|fa|فرحنازبهرامی}}; ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱖᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Storting&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ᱨᱮᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱟᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱜᱽ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ: ᱨᱮᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱟᱱᱴ - ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ (᱑᱙᱖᱒-) |url=https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representant/?perid=FB |publisher=[[ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ]] |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251001142340/https://www.stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Representant/?perid=FB |archive-date=᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Storting&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;SNL&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ |url=https://snl.no/Farahnaz_Bahrami |website=[[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱥᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20251002222254/https://snl.no/Farahnaz_Bahrami |archive-date=᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no |date=᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamar Dagblad&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱥᱠ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱠᱴᱱᱤᱝ |url=https://www.ostlendingen.no/hamar-dagblad/politisk-flyktning/s/2-2.2757-1.4140773 |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |work=[[ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱜᱽᱵᱽᱞᱟᱰ]] |date=᱒᱘ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ |location=ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no |via=[[ᱳᱥᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰᱤᱝᱜᱮᱱ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱴᱚᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamar Dagblad&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamar Dagblad&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamar Dagblad&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Steinsvik |first1=Stian F. |title=ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱜᱽ ᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱜᱽᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱮᱦᱩᱥᱟᱠᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱠ ᱥᱮᱜᱽ: - ᱰᱮᱴ ᱮᱨ ᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱴᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱟ ᱱᱚᱭᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱵᱷᱟᱨᱴᱢᱟᱞᱮ ᱰᱮᱴ ᱟᱨᱵᱮᱭᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱤᱴ ᱜᱽᱡᱚᱨᱴ |url=https://www.h-a.no/farahnaz-og-erik-vil-legge-sykehussaken-bak-seg-det-er-en-myte-fra-noen-som-vil-svartmale-det-arbeidet-som-har-blitt-gjort/s/5-139-1809741 |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |work=[[ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱮᱭᱤᱰᱟᱨᱵᱽᱞᱟᱰ]] |date=᱒᱖ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |location=ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamar Dagblad&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ap&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=ᱤᱱᱞᱟᱱᱰᱮᱴ ᱮᱯᱤ: ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱴᱨᱳᱭᱮᱱ ᱯᱟ ᱴᱚᱯ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱱᱮᱥ, ᱮᱨᱤᱠᱥᱮᱱ ᱚᱜᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ |url=https://innlandet.arbeiderpartiet.no/nyheter/innlandet-ap-sandtroen-pa-topp-foran-selnes-eriksen-og-bahrami/ |publisher=[[ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ)|ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]]' |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250921094825/https://innlandet.arbeiderpartiet.no/nyheter/innlandet-ap-sandtroen-pa-topp-foran-selnes-eriksen-og-bahrami/ |archive-date=᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |location=ᱢᱳᱭᱮᱞᱵᱷ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱮᱰᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Hamar Dagblad&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ap&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱓᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐۹ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brandsås |first1=Frank |title=ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱜᱽᱠᱟᱢᱯᱮᱱ ᱮᱨ ᱴᱮᱨᱟᱯᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ |url=http://www.h-a.no//Nyheter//Nyheter/tabid/72/Default.aspx?articleView=true&amp;ModuleId=59002 |work=[[ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱮᱭᱤᱰᱟᱨᱵᱽᱞᱟᱰ]] |date=᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090914233708/http://www.h-a.no//Nyheter//Nyheter/tabid/72/Default.aspx?articleView=true&amp;ModuleId=59002 |archive-date=᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ |location=ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=ᱮᱯᱤ-ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱟᱴᱮᱱᱥ ᱵᱽᱨᱳᱨ ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱮᱴᱮᱴ ᱤ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ |url=https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/ap-kandidatens-bror-henrettet-i-iran/65124665 |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |work=[[ᱰᱟᱜᱽᱵᱽᱞᱟᱰᱮᱴ]] |date=᱑᱓ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230320152202/https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/ap-kandidatens-bror-henrettet-i-iran/65124665 |archive-date=᱒᱐ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱠᱞᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱰᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ (IMDi) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;SNL&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱱᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;SNL&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ IMDi ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;SNL&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=ᱮᱯᱤ-ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ ᱥᱤᱠᱴᱮᱴ ᱯᱷᱳᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱱᱮᱯᱟᱵᱷᱤᱨᱠᱱᱤᱝ |url=https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/ap-politiker-farahnaz-bahrami-siktet-for-vitnepavirkning/62738340 |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |work=[[ᱰᱟᱜᱽᱵᱽᱞᱟᱰᱮᱴ]] |date=᱑᱗ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624105417/https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/ap-politiker-farahnaz-bahrami-siktet-for-vitnepavirkning/62738340 |archive-date=᱒᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱬ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Børresen |first1=Mette Finborud |last2=Myhre |first2=Torunn |last3=Holø |first3=Ragnhild Moen |title=ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱱᱢᱮᱞᱰᱮ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱭᱮᱴ |url=https://www.nrk.no/innlandet/bahrami-vil-anmelde-politiet-1.11249000 |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |work=[[NRK]] |date=᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐۱۳ |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ap&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱮᱴᱮᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽᱥᱴᱩᱭᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Storting&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ap&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝᱥᱵᱷᱟᱞᱜᱮᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱕: ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱳᱠᱳᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱠᱴᱥᱵᱷᱟᱞᱜᱽᱥᱴᱟᱭᱨᱮᱴ ᱤ ᱦᱮᱰᱢᱟᱨᱠ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱜᱽᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱠᱴ |url=https://valgmedarbeiderportalen.valg.no/umbraco/Surface/MeetingBook/downloadByName/?meetingBookFolderId=23814&amp;meetingBookName=04_st_2025 |website=Valg |publisher=[[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱᱥ]] |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |page=111 |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=ᱨᱮᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱱᱴᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱᱮ - ᱤᱱᱵᱷᱟᱞᱜᱽᱴᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱟ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ -: ᱒᱐᱒᱕-᱒᱐᱒᱙ |url=https://stortinget.no/no/Representanter-og-komiteer/Representantene/Innvalgte-fra-1945--/?pid=2025-2029&amp;page=2#list |publisher=[[ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ]] |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱱᱤᱞᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱴᱨᱳᱭᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Storting&quot;/&gt;
==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ==
ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱟᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brandsås |first1=Frank |title=ᱮᱨ ᱥᱮᱞᱵᱷ ᱜᱤᱯᱷᱴ ᱢᱮᱰ ᱥᱳᱥᱠᱮᱱᱵᱟᱨᱱᱮᱴ |url=http://h-a.no//Nyheter//Nyheter/tabid/72/Default.aspx?ModuleId=109330&amp;articleView=true |work=[[ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱵᱮᱭᱤᱰᱟᱨᱵᱽᱞᱟᱰ]] |date=᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110217173940/http://h-a.no//Nyheter//Nyheter/tabid/72/Default.aspx?ModuleId=109330&amp;articleView=true |archive-date=᱑᱗ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ |location=ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Lilleås |first1=Heidi Schei |title=ᱮᱯᱤ-ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱯᱷᱴ ᱢᱮᱰ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱴᱴᱟᱨ |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/ap-politiker-gift-med-sin-fetter/s/12-95-3092230 |access-date=᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ |work=[[ᱱᱮᱴᱴᱟᱵᱷᱤᱥᱮᱱ]] |date=᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128002023/https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/ap-politiker-gift-med-sin-fetter/s/12-95-3092230 |archive-date=᱒᱘ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ |location=ᱳᱥᱞᱳ, ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ==
{{Reflist}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ (ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ) ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱒᱐᱒᱕-᱒᱐᱒᱙ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱴᱚᱨᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>0aoo196w4f7rhrcqhqtordovhfvb32z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱱᱤᱞᱩᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36006</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192071</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T07:19:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
        <id>8962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱱᱟᱜ</comment>
      <origin>192071</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="23216" sha1="r15gm5qhwa5tp6k08q0rehgl4mcw7op" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱱᱤᱞᱩᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ
| native_name        = نیلوفر بیانی
| native_name_lang   = fa
| birth_name         = &lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;
| birth_date         = {{birth year and age|1986}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
| birth_place        = ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;
| death_date         =
| death_place        =
| occupation         = ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ,&lt;br /&gt;ᱪᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Welle (www.dw.com) |first=Deutsche |title=Iranian cheetah researchers sentenced for spying |url=https://www.dw.com/en/iranian-cheetah-researchers-sentenced-for-spying/a-51342047 |language=en-GB |access-date=2020-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| years_active       =
| known_for          = [[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ|ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ]], [[ᱤᱠᱳᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱥᱠ ᱨᱤᱰᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ|ᱤᱠᱳᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ-ᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤᱛ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ]]
| awards             = [[᱑᱐᱐ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ (ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ)|ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ]] (᱒᱐᱒᱒)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=BBC 100 Women 2022: Who is on the list this year? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/resources/idt-75af095e-21f7-41b0-9c5f-a96a5e0615c1 |access-date=2022-12-10 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| alma_mater         = [[ᱢᱮᱠᱜᱤᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]],&lt;br /&gt; [[ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]]
}}
'''ᱱᱤᱞᱩᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ''' ({{langx|fa| نیلوفر بیانی}}; ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱖;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{Citation |title=Iran 'jails wildlife activists' accused of spying |date=2019-11-20 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-50493501 |work=BBC News |language=en-GB |access-date=2020-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ-ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱥᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Long|first=Kayleigh E.|date=2019-11-20|title=Cheetah researchers accused of spying sentenced in Iran, Scientists and conservationists condemned the verdict, warning about the dangers of mixing politics and conservation|url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/jailed-cheetah-researchers-sentenced-iran|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210413074232/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/jailed-cheetah-researchers-sentenced-iran|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 13, 2021|access-date=2021-04-25|website=National Geographic|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |agency=Associated Press |title=Iran Sentences Alleged US Spies to Up to 10 Years in Prison |date=2020-02-18 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2020/02/18/world/middleeast/ap-ml-iran-us.html |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=2020-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱱᱤᱞᱩᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Umweltschützerin: Niloufar Bayani|url=https://www.igfm.de/niloufar-bayani/|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Internationale Gesellschaft für Menschenrechte (IGFM)|language=de-DE}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱠᱜᱤᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ.ᱮ. ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Armstrong|first=Jeanne|title=McGill grad jailed in Iran being criminalized for environmental work, says friend|url=https://www.cbc.ca/radio/asithappens/as-it-happens-tuesday-edition-1.4940975/mcgill-grad-jailed-in-iran-being-criminalized-for-environmental-work-says-friend-1.4941409|access-date=19 February 2020|website=CBC/Radio-Canada}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ  ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱞᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱭᱡᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/statement/un-environment-programme-statement-sentencing-environmentalists-iran |title=UN Environment Programme statement on the sentencing of environmentalists in Iran |last=Environment |first=U. N. |date=2019-11-22 |website=UN Environment |language=en |access-date=2020-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱮᱨᱤᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/iran-sentences-mcgill-trained-scientist-to-10-years-in-prison-reports|title=Iran sentences McGill-trained scientist to 10 years in prison: reports|work= Montreal Gazette|last=Riga|first=Andy|date=2019-11-22 |language=en |access-date=2020-02-19}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱳᱥ ᱥᱮᱭᱮᱫᱽ-ᱮᱢᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]]ᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ PWHF ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱚᱥᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ-ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱚᱬᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱛᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱯ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/environmentalists-filmed-irans-vanishing-cheetahs-now-they-could-be-executed-for-spying/2019/08/25/551f2aa8-be9b-11e9-a8b0-7ed8a0d5dc5d_story.html |title=Environmentalists filmed Iran's vanishing cheetahs. Now they could be executed for spying. |last1=Cunningham |first1=Erin |last2=Guarino |first2=Ben |newspaper=Washington Post |language=en |access-date=2020-02-19 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ==
ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱳᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱨᱰ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱥᱩᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/actions/niloufar-bayani-iran/ |title=Niloufar Bayani, Iran |date=2019-04-18 |website=Scholars at Risk |language=en-US |access-date=2020-02-19 |archive-date=2023-02-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208105601/https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/actions/niloufar-bayani-iran/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; PWHF ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱭᱮᱫᱽ-ᱮᱢᱟᱢᱤ, ᱟᱢᱤᱨ ᱦᱳᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱮᱜᱷᱤ, ᱟᱵᱽᱫᱚᱞᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱩᱦᱯᱟᱭᱮᱦ, ᱦᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱠᱟᱨ, ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱟᱵᱟᱡᱽ, ᱥᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱵᱤ, ᱥᱮᱯᱤᱫᱮᱦ ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱱᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱫᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2020-02-19|title=Iran: Environmentalists' Unjust Sentences Upheld|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/02/19/iran-environmentalists-unjust-sentences-upheld|access-date=2021-04-25|website=Human Rights Watch|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱛᱩᱞᱞᱟᱦ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱮᱱᱮᱭᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ-ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑۸ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ-ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=February 19, 2020|title=Environmentalist In Iran Prison Exposes Torture, Sexual Threats By Interrogators|url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/environmentalist-in-iran-prison-exposes-torture-sexual-threats-by-interrogators/30443143.html|website=Radio Farda}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ-ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱭᱮᱫᱽ-ᱮᱢᱟᱢᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱠᱩᱴᱷᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱛᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=1200 Hours of Torture, Sexual Threats and Forced Confessions|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6777|access-date=2020-03-08|website=IranWire {{!}} خانه|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=1200 Hours of Torture, Sexual Threats and Forced Confessions|url=https://iranwire.com/en/features/6777|access-date=2020-03-08|website=IranWire {{!}} خانه|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱽ ᱩᱞ-ᱯᱷᱤᱛᱚᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱟᱛᱩᱞᱞᱟᱦ ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱮᱱᱮᱭᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱷᱳᱞᱟᱢᱦᱳᱥᱮᱱ ᱢᱳᱦᱥᱮᱱᱤ-ᱮᱡᱮᱭᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒,᱑᱒᱗ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ – ᱥᱮᱯᱤᱫᱮᱦ ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱱᱤ, ᱱᱤᱞᱩᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ, ᱦᱳᱣᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱣᱠᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱫᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ – ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱞᱩᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱘ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱒᱖᱖ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url=https://www.genevaenvironmentnetwork.org/resources/updates/release-of-niloufar-bayani-and-other-environmental-conservationists-detained-in-iran/ | title=Release of Niloufar Bayani and Other Environmental Conservationists Detained in Iran }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱯ ==
᱑᱔ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ, ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱨᱚᱲ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ, ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ, ᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ, ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱞᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱱᱤᱱᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Texts adopted - Iran, notably the case of human rights defenders - Thursday, 14 March 2019|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019-0204_EN.html|access-date=2020-06-24|website=www.europarl.europa.eu|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ, ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ; ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱫᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱯᱨᱟᱫᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
[[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ, ᱒᱘ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ, ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=Report_of_the_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_situation_of_human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_IranA4361.pdf|url=https://www.ohchr.org/_layouts/15/WopiFrame.aspx?sourcedoc=/Documents/Countries/IR/Report_of_the_Special_Rapporteur_on_the_situation_of_human_rights_in_the_Islamic_Republic_of_IranA4361.pdf&amp;action=default&amp;DefaultItemOpen=1|access-date=2020-06-24|website=www.ohchr.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱛᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱜᱚᱯᱚᱲᱚ&quot; ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱞᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱭᱡᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱟᱣᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱵᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱤᱥᱪᱤᱛ ᱢᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;
ᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨᱥ ᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱥᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱳᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱫᱩᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=About SAR|url=https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/about/|access-date=2020-05-25|website=www.scholarsatrisk.org}}&lt;/ref&gt; SAR ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱳᱠᱮᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱱᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱤ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-04-18|title=Niloufar Bayani, Iran|url=https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/actions/niloufar-bayani-iran/|access-date=2020-07-27|website=Scholars at Risk|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208105601/https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/actions/niloufar-bayani-iran/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱠᱩᱞᱤ-ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ-ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳᱴᱮᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Welle (www.dw.com)|first=Deutsche|title=دادستانی تهران: بحث شکنجه نیلوفر بیانی عملیات رسانه‌‌‌ای است {{!}} DW {{!}} 20.02.2020|url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%AB-%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%87-%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%B1-%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA/a-52450947|access-date=2020-06-24|website=DW.COM|language=fa-IR}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱞᱤᱡᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱩᱞᱤ-ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱩᱭᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱢᱤᱥᱴ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱳᱥᱛᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱡᱽᱡᱟᱫᱮᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/world/2020/02/20/iran-to-probe-torture-of-jailed-environmentalist|title=Iran to probe torture of jailed environmentalist|work=[[Free Malaysia Today]]|agency=[[Agence France-Presse|AFP]]|date=2020-02-20|access-date=2022-03-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* [https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/actions/niloufar-bayani-iran/#! ᱥᱠᱳᱞᱟᱨᱥ ᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱥᱠ - ᱱᱤᱞᱩᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱟᱱᱤ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208105601/https://www.scholarsatrisk.org/actions/niloufar-bayani-iran/#! |date=2023-02-08 }}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱮᱠᱜᱤᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱖ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>r15gm5qhwa5tp6k08q0rehgl4mcw7op</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36007</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192077</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T09:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox settlement | name                    = ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | other_name              =  | nickname                =  | settlement_type         = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline           =  | image_alt               =  | image_caption           =  | pushpin_map             = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position  =  | pushpin_map_alt         =  | pushpin_map_caption...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192077</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20758" sha1="6biokpn8sjvz9asr3f19828i15a8i0u" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ
| other_name              = 
| nickname                = 
| settlement_type         = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| pushpin_map             = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates             = {{coord|23.589293|N|87.105954|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ    
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title       = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| government_type         = 
| governing_body          = 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_total_km2          = 
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_total        = 4,715
| population_as_of        = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank         = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| demographics_type1      = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1    = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1     = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code             = ᱗᱑᱓᱑᱒᱑
| area_code_type          = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code               = ᱐᱓᱔᱑ 
| registration_plate      = WB
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1        = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1        = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1        = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱤᱱ]]
| website                 = {{URL|bardhaman.gov.in/}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=430| height=400| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|5|20|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, CT: ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, R: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ&lt;br/&gt;ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|39|27|N|87|7|2|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Kunustara | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|5|N|87|7|40|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Topsi| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱴᱳᱯᱥᱤ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|43|26|N|87|11|57|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Nimsa| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱱᱤᱢᱥᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|42|58|N|87|11|21|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Chinchuria| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=[[ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|38|N|87|10|9|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Kenda| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|39|10|N|87|9|46|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Parasia| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|39|14|N|87|2|9|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Ratibati| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|40|N|87|2|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Chapui| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱟᱯᱩᱭ]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|39|5|N|87|4|11|E}} | label-pos9=top|label9= Jemari |labela9=(Jaykaynagar)| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ)]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|37|45|N|87|8|22|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Banshra| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|38|5|N|87|3|51|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Belebathan| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[ᱵᱮᱞᱮᱵᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|38|28|N|87|2|3|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Chelad| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|37|29|N|87|4|32|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Murgathaul| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|36|57|N|87|5|4|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Amkula| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|35|53|N|87|8|30|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Baktarnagar| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[ᱵᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|36|33|N|87|6|01|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Egara| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|35|21|N|87|6|21|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Sahebganj| numbered17=CT| mark-title17=ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (CT)|shape-color17=black| label-size17=13|label-color17=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|35|10|N|87|7|7|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Raghunathchak| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|34|50|N|87|7|32|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Ballavpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|46|48|N|87|4|48|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Churulia| numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (R)|shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|41|37|N|87|8|39|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Bahadurpur| numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]] (R)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|42|7|N|87|2|53|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22=ECL Sripur |labela22= Area Office| numbered22=0 | mark-title22=[[ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size22=12| shape-color22=#AA6666 
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|40|53|N|87|4|45|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23=ECL Satgram |labela23= Area Office |numbered23=0| mark-title23=[[ᱥᱟᱛᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱛᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size23=12| shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|38|50|N|87|7|18|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24=ECL Kunustoria|labela24= Area Office|numbered24=0 | mark-title24=[[ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size24=12| shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|40|0|N|87|13|33|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25=ECL Kenda |labela25= Area Office |numbered25=0| mark-title25=[[ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size25=12| shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos26=right|label-color26=#800000| label26=Asansol | numbered26=MC| mark-title26=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color26=#800000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|37|12|N|87|7|48|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Raniganj | numbered27=N| mark-title27= [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (N)|shape-color27=#C42222
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|42|50|N|87|4|48|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28=Jamuria | numbered28=N| mark-title28= [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (N)|shape-color28=#C42222
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.612489|87.032854}}| label29=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=28| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.749367|87.157333}}| label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=0| label-pos30=right| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ {{coord|23.589293|N|87.105954|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=census&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf |title= Census of India 2011, West Bengal: District Census Handbook, Barddhaman |work = Map of Raniganj CD Block, page 215| publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal |accessdate =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯ)]], [[ᱵᱮᱞᱮᱵᱟᱛᱷᱚᱱ]], [[ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ]], [[ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ]], [[ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ]], ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, [[ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ [[ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱨᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=census/&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ===
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱓.᱓᱐% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 4 September 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (᱑+ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ) ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱔,᱗᱑᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒,᱔᱓᱐ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒,᱒᱘᱕ (᱔᱘%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱗᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱓,᱔᱒᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱐.᱗᱒%) ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | accessdate = 31 August 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ |ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ&lt;/small&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ (UA) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱔᱓,᱔᱑᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ, [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ, [[ᱵᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]], [[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱳᱣᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱫᱳᱢᱳᱦᱟᱱᱤ]], [[ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱯ)]], [[ᱢᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ, ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ, ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱚᱯᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ [[ᱪᱚᱨᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_4_PR_UAs_1Lakh_and_Above_Appendix.pdf | title = Constituents of Urban Agglomerations having population 1 lakh and above| work= Provisional Population Total, Census of India 2011| publisher = Government of India |access-date =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=2015notification/&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ'', ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱖᱖ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖.᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱩᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱙᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱥᱯᱮᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ/ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮ-ᱯᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ) ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱡᱚ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History, Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |accessdate =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱴᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱪᱟᱯᱩᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱡᱮ ᱠᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ, ᱡᱮᱢᱮᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱫᱟᱥᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ, ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱱᱤᱢᱪᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱯᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱥᱟᱛᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱤᱱᱠᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url =  http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/contactus/cugtel/sripur.pdf | title = Area wise Closed User Group (CUG) Telephone Numbers | work =Sripur Area  | publisher = Eastern Coalfields Limited  | accessdate =  31 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱛᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱟᱢᱨᱟᱥᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱵᱮᱞᱵᱟᱭᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱛᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱠ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱤᱨ ᱳᱥᱤᱯᱤ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱖ ᱟᱨ ᱗ ᱤᱱᱠᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱳᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/contactus/cugtel/kunustoria.pdf | title = Area wise Closed User Group (CUG) Telephone Numbers | work = Kunustoria Area  | publisher = Eastern Coalfields Limited  | accessdate =  18 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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  <page>
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      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
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      <comment>&quot;[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]</text>
      <sha1>hu4c48k090eycf01od8z08c4gx14oue</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮᱦ ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
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      <comment>Nawa</comment>
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      <text bytes="14724" sha1="218ba0kqxv9weu2a8mj5m9chdnftu9k" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱑)}}
{{Infobox person
| name          = ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮᱦ ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ
| native_name   = {{langx|fa|بهاره هدایت}}
| image         =
| alt           = &lt;!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software --&gt;
| caption       =
| birth_name    = &lt;!-- only use if different from name --&gt;
| birth_date    = {{Birth year and age|1981}}
| birth_place   = [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]], ᱤᱨᱟᱱ
| death_date    = &lt;!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) --&gt;
| death_place   =
| nationality   =
| other_names   =
| occupation    = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ
| years_active  =
| known_for     =
| notable_works = [[ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ]] ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ
}}
'''ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮᱦ ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ''' ({{langx|fa|بهاره هدایت}}, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙۸᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran Gives West One-Month 'Ultimatum' to Accept Nuclear Counterproposal |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/world/middleeast/03tehran.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=2 January 2010 |accessdate=20 February 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ]] ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱫᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/03/07/iran-free-women-activists|title=Iran: Free Women Activists|date=8 March 2014|publisher=[[Human Rights Watch]]|access-date=11 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://nationalpost.com/opinion/raynell-andreychuk-the-persecution-of-bahareh-hedayat|title=Raynell Andreychuk: The persecution of Bahareh Hedayat|publisher=[[National Post]]|access-date=11 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/list_of_29_iranian_students_in_prison.pdf List of 29 Iranian students in prison]&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://nobelwomensinitiative.org/2011/12/day-12-spotlighting-bahareh-hedayat/|title=Day 12: Spotlighting Bahareh Hedayat, Iran – Nobel Women's Initiative|publisher=[[Nobel Women's Initiative]]|access-date=11 July 2016|archive-date=14 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160414114448/http://nobelwomensinitiative.org/2011/12/day-12-spotlighting-bahareh-hedayat/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://tavaana.org/en/content/bahareh-hedayat-womens-rights-defender|title=Bahareh Hedayat: Women's Rights Defender - Tavaana Article|publisher=[[Tavaana: E-Learning Institute for Iranian Civil Society|Tavaana]]|website=tavaana.org|access-date=11 July 2016|archive-date=19 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180119120412/https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavaana:_E-Learning_Institute_for_Iranian_Civil_Society|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱑᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱤᱴᱨᱟᱨᱤ ᱰᱤᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱵᱤᱴᱨᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/Detention/Opinions/Session75/Opinion_2016_2_Iran.pdf Opinion No. 2/2016 concerning Bahareh Hedayat]&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱚᱵᱚᱦᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ-ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱰᱮᱵᱷ ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱥ]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ''ᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱮᱞ'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱢᱤᱪᱮᱞ (ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ)|ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰ ᱢᱤᱪᱮᱞ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱠᱞᱟᱣᱰ ᱮᱴᱞᱟᱥ (ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ)|ᱠᱞᱟᱣᱰ ᱮᱴᱞᱟᱥ]]'' ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱠᱥᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
== ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱙ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran arrests two prominent student activists |url=http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008\07\15\story_15-7-2008_pg4_21 |work=[[Daily Times (Pakistan)]] |date=15 July 2008 |accessdate=20 February 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱟᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Iran Presses Opposition With Attacks and Jail Time |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/22/world/asia/22iran.html |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=21 May 2010 |accessdate=20 February 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Jailed Iranian students start hunger strike |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iran-prisoners-hungerstrike-idUKTRE6BK30H20101221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306100940/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-iran-prisoners-hungerstrike-idUKTRE6BK30H20101221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2016 |work=[[Reuters]] |date=21 December 2010 |accessdate=20 February 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/12/iran-refuses-free-student-activist-bahareh-hedayat-six-years-prison|title=Iran refuses to free student activist Bahareh Hedayat after six years in jail|first=Saeed Kamali|last=Dehghan|date=12 August 2015|website=theguardian.com|accessdate=11 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/16/irans-rouhani-urged-to-release-student-activist-bahareh-hedayat|title=Iran's Rouhani urged to release student activist Bahareh Hedayat|first=Saeed Kamali|last=Dehghan|date=16 September 2015|website=theguardian.com|accessdate=11 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/28/opinion/women-rising.html|title=Women Rising|author=Shirin Ebadi|author-link=Shirin Ebadi|date=28 November 2013|work=The New York Times|accessdate=11 July 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱥ (IRGC) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ [[ᱭᱩᱠᱨᱮᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱗᱕᱒]] ᱧᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱱᱫᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱯᱩᱨᱱᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://iranhumanrights.org/2020/07/prominent-activist-sentenced-to-four-years-in-prison-for-protesting-downing-of-ukrainian-passenger-plane/ Prominent Activist Sentenced to Four Years in Prison for Protesting Downing of Ukrainian Passenger Plane]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.radiofarda.com/a/beaten-during-arrest-prominent-iranian-female-activist-on-hunger-strike/30439913.html Beaten During Arrest Prominent Iranian Female Activist On Hunger Strike]&lt;/ref&gt;
᱑᱐ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮᱦ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱪᱟᱠ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ]] ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱲᱛᱟᱞ]] ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://en.radiofarda.com/a/beaten-during-arrest-prominent-iranian-female-activist-on-hunger-strike/30439913.html Beaten During Arrest Prominent Iranian Female Activist On Hunger Strike]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://iranhumanrights.org/2020/02/renewed-crackdown-in-iran-aimed-at-silencing-journalists-activists-ahead-of-parliamentary-elections/ Iran Moves to Silence Journalists, Activists Ahead of Parliamentary Elections]&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ᱢᱟᱦᱥᱟ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ]] ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱟᱨ, ᱑᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱒᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.radiozamaneh.com/news/12-10-2022/#rz-735476|title=بهاره هدایت را در بند ۲۰۹ اوین محبوس کرده‌اند |date=12 October 2022 |access-date=12 October 2022 |language=fa |trans-title=Bahareh Hedayat has been locked up in Ward 209 of the Evin Prison}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱲᱛᱟᱞ]] ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-09-02 |title=اعلام اعتصاب غذای &quot;بهاره هدایت&quot;؛ در اعتراض به جان‌باختن &quot;جواد روحی&quot; در زندان |trans-title=Announcing the hunger strike of Barehe Hedayat In protest of the death of Javad Rouhi in prison |url=https://ir.voanews.com/a/bahareh-hedayat-letter-from-the-prison/7251294.html |access-date=2023-09-16 |website=صدای آمریکا |language=fa}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ==
᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱞᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱫᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱮᱰᱮᱞᱥᱴᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]] ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
* [[:fa:دانشگاه علوم اقتصادی]]
   {{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071102135507/http://www.humanrightsfirst.org/defenders/hrd_iran/alert071907_hedayat.htm Human Rights First article on her]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927023143/http://action.humanrightsfirst.org/campaign/Bahareh?rk=fpe-1yp1bU5oW Petition for her release]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱟᱜᱟᱱᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>218ba0kqxv9weu2a8mj5m9chdnftu9k</sha1>
    </revision>
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    <title>ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ</title>
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      <id>192081</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T11:42:09Z</timestamp>
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        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox settlement | name                    = ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ | other_name              =  | nickname                =  | settlement_type         = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ | image_skyline           =  | image_alt               =  | image_caption           =  | pushpin_map             = India West Bengal#India3 | pushpin_label_position  =  | pushpin_map_alt         =  | pushpin_map_caption...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192081</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19822" sha1="6aoeco1ooqesrvlrh5po8vdg87zozyf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox settlement
| name                    = ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| other_name              = 
| nickname                = 
| settlement_type         = ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ
| image_skyline           = 
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = 
| pushpin_map             = India West Bengal#India3
| pushpin_label_position  = 
| pushpin_map_alt         = 
| pushpin_map_caption     = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
| coordinates             = {{coord|23.71219|N|87.188974|E|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type        = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ 
| subdivision_name        = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}}
| subdivision_type1       = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| subdivision_type2       = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
| subdivision_name2       = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]]
| established_title       = &lt;!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --&gt;
| established_date        = 
| founder                 = 
| named_for               = 
| government_type         = 
| governing_body          = 
| unit_pref               = Metric
| area_footnotes          = 
| area_rank               = 
| area_total_km2          = 7.5333
| elevation_footnotes     = 
| elevation_m             = 
| population_total        = 6,617
| population_as_of        = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| population_rank         = 
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      = 
| population_footnotes    = 
| demographics_type1      = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ*
| demographics1_title1    = ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ
| demographics1_info1     = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]
| timezone1               = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1             = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐
| postal_code_type        = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]]
| postal_code             = ᱗᱑᱓᱓᱗᱘
| area_code_type          = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ
| area_code               = ᱐᱓᱔᱑ 
| registration_plate      = WB
| blank1_name_sec1        = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank1_info_sec1        = [[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]]
| blank2_name_sec1        = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ
| blank2_info_sec1        = [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
| website                 = {{URL|bardhaman.gov.in/}}
| footnotes               = 
}}

'''ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ==
{{OSM Location map
| width=430| height=400| zoom=11
| coord={{coord|23|41|0|N|87|5|20|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ'''&lt;br/&gt;MC: ᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱳᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ, CT: ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ, N: ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ, R: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ&lt;br/&gt;ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ
|mark-coord1={{coord|23|39|27|N|87|7|2|E}} | label-pos1=right|label1= Kunustara | numbered1=CT| mark-title1=[[ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=11| mark-size1=12|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1= #A40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2
|mark-coord2={{coord|23|40|5|N|87|7|40|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= Topsi| numbered2=CT| mark-title2=[[ᱴᱳᱯᱥᱤ]] (CT)
|mark-coord3={{coord|23|43|26|N|87|11|57|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3= Nimsa| numbered3=CT| mark-title3=[[ᱱᱤᱢᱥᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord4={{coord|23|42|58|N|87|11|21|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4= Chinchuria| numbered4=CT| mark-title4=ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (CT)
|mark-coord5={{coord|23|40|38|N|87|10|9|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5= Kenda| numbered5=CT| mark-title5=[[ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord6={{coord|23|39|10|N|87|9|46|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6= Parasia| numbered6=CT| mark-title6=[[ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (CT)
|mark-coord7={{coord|23|39|14|N|87|2|9|E}} | label-pos7=left|label7= Ratibati| numbered7=CT| mark-title7=[[ᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱟᱛᱤ]] (CT)
|mark-coord8={{coord|23|39|40|N|87|2|30|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8= Chapui| numbered8=CT| mark-title8=[[ᱪᱟᱯᱩᱭ]] (CT)
|mark-coord9={{coord|23|39|5|N|87|4|11|E}} | label-pos9=top|label9= Jemari |labela9=(Jaykaynagar)| numbered9=CT| mark-title9=[[ᱡᱮᱢᱟᱨᱤ (ᱡᱮ.ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱥᱤᱯ)]] (CT)
|mark-coord10={{coord|23|37|45|N|87|8|22|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10= Banshra| numbered10=CT| mark-title10=[[ᱵᱟᱸᱥᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord11={{coord|23|38|5|N|87|3|51|E}} | label-pos11=left|label11= Belebathan| numbered11=CT| mark-title11=[[ᱵᱮᱞᱮᱵᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] (CT)
|mark-coord12={{coord|23|38|28|N|87|2|3|E}} | label-pos12=left|label12= Chelad| numbered12=CT| mark-title12=[[ᱪᱮᱞᱟᱰ]] (CT)
|mark-coord13={{coord|23|37|29|N|87|4|32|E}} | label-pos13=left|label13= Murgathaul| numbered13=CT| mark-title13=[[ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱛᱷᱳᱞ]] (CT)
|mark-coord14={{coord|23|36|57|N|87|5|4|E}} | label-pos14=left|label14= Amkula| numbered14=CT| mark-title14=[[ᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord15={{coord|23|35|53|N|87|8|30|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15= Baktarnagar| numbered15=CT| mark-title15=[[ᱵᱚᱠᱛᱟᱨᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord16={{coord|23|36|33|N|87|6|01|E}} | label-pos16=left|label16= Egara| numbered16=CT| mark-title16=[[ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ]] (CT)
|mark-coord17={{coord|23|35|21|N|87|6|21|E}} | label-pos17=left|label17= Sahebganj| numbered17=CT| mark-title17= [[ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ|ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (CT)|shape-color17=black| label-size17=13|label-color17=black &lt;!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --&gt;
|mark-coord18={{coord|23|35|10|N|87|7|7|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18= Raghunathchak| numbered18=CT| mark-title18=[[ᱨᱚᱜᱷᱩᱱᱟᱛᱷᱪᱚᱠ]] (CT)
|mark-coord19={{coord|23|34|50|N|87|7|32|E}} | label-pos19=right|label19= Ballavpur| numbered19=CT| mark-title19=[[ᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]] (CT)
|mark-coord20={{coord|23|46|48|N|87|4|48|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20= Churulia| numbered20=R| mark-title20=[[ᱪᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (R)|shape-color20=#C42222
|mark-coord21={{coord|23|41|37|N|87|8|39|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21= Bahadurpur| numbered21=R| mark-title21=[[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱫᱩᱨᱯᱩᱨ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ]] (R)|shape-color21=#C42222
|mark-coord22={{coord|23|42|7|N|87|2|53|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22=ECL Sripur |labela22= Area Office| numbered22=0 | mark-title22=[[ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size22=12| shape-color22=#AA6666 
|mark-coord23={{coord|23|40|53|N|87|4|45|E}} | label-pos23=left|label23=ECL Satgram |labela23= Area Office |numbered23=0| mark-title23=[[ᱥᱟᱛᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱛᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size23=12| shape-color23=#AA6666
|mark-coord24={{coord|23|38|50|N|87|7|18|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24=ECL Kunustoria|labela24= Area Office|numbered24=0 | mark-title24=[[ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱠᱩᱱᱩᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size24=12| shape-color24=#AA6666
|mark-coord25={{coord|23|40|0|N|87|13|33|E}} | label-pos25=left|label25=ECL Kenda |labela25= Area Office |numbered25=0| mark-title25=[[ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱤᱥᱤᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱸᱫᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ]] (A)| label-size25=12| shape-color25=#AA6666
|mark-coord26={{coord|23|40|44|N|86|57|9|E}} | label-pos26=right|label-color26=#800000| label26=Asansol | numbered26=MC| mark-title26=[[ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ]] (MC)|shape-color26=#800000
|mark-coord27={{coord|23|37|12|N|87|7|48|E}} | label-pos27=left|label27=Raniganj | numbered27=N| mark-title27= [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] (N)|shape-color27=#C42222
|mark-coord28={{coord|23|42|50|N|87|4|48|E}} | label-pos28=left|label28=Jamuria | numbered28=N| mark-title28= [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] (N)|shape-color28=#C42222
|mark-coord29={{coord|23.612489|87.032854}}| label29=ᱫᱟᱢᱳᱫᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color29 = #77A1CB| label-angle29=28| label-pos29=top| label-size29=10| mark-size29=0| mark-title29 =none
|mark-coord30={{coord|23.749367|87.157333}}| label30=ᱚᱡᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color30 = #77A1CB| label-angle30=0| label-pos30=right| label-size30=10| mark-size30=0| mark-title30 =none}}

===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ===
ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ {{coord|23.71219|N|87.188974|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

===ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ===
᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱘᱓.᱓᱓% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖.᱖᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Burdwan |work = Table 2.2, 2.4(a) |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 4 September 2018 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |url-status = dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤ]], [[ᱨᱟᱱᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=2015notification&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | title = The Kolkata Gazette  | work = Notification No. 335/MA/O/C-4/1M-36/2014 dated 3 June  2015  | publisher = Department of Municipal Affairs, Government of West Bengal  | accessdate = 4 September 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170312033552/https://www.wbdma.gov.in/circulars/249-135-ma_2015-2016.pdf  | archive-date = 12 March 2017  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱖ (+᱑ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ) ᱥᱮᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾

==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖,᱖᱑᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓,᱔᱕᱘ (᱕᱒%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱓,᱑᱕᱙ (᱔᱘%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱖᱙᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱔,᱕᱒᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱖.᱓᱖%) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=census3-2011&gt;{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html  |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise  |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India  | accessdate = 27 August 2018 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;small&gt;*ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ)#ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ&lt;/small&gt;

==ᱤᱱᱯᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
&lt;!--Please do not disturb the referenced text. If you want to add information, add it separately, with reliable reference. --&gt;

ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱰᱵᱩᱠ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ, ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱗.᱕᱓᱓᱓ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱝᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱰᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱤᱰᱮᱞ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱑᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱚᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ/ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱦᱚᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱨᱮᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱞᱟᱢᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/DCHB/DCHB_A/19/1909_PART_A_DCHB_BARDDHAMAN.pdf| title =  District Census Handbook Barddhaman, Census of India 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Section II Town Directory, Pages 1179-1210; Statement I: Status and Growth History,  Page 1179; Statement II: Physical Aspects and Location of Towns, Page 1188; Statement III: Civic and other Amenities, Page 1191; Statement IV: Medical Facilities, Page 1196; Statement V: Educational, Recreational and Cultural Facilities, Page 1200; Statement VI: Industry and Banking, Page 1209 | publisher = Directorate of census Operations V, West Bengal  |accessdate =  14 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ==
ᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱮᱞ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱩᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱪᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱤᱱᱠᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱥᱤ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱟᱰ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱪᱚᱨᱟ ᱳ ᱥᱤ ᱯᱤ, ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱞᱚᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱥᱤᱫᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ, ᱮᱥᱠᱮ ᱳᱥᱤᱯᱤ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟ ᱳᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/contactus/cugtel/kajora.pdf | title = Area wise Closed User Group (CUG) Telephone Numbers | work = Kajora Area  | publisher = Eastern Coalfields Limited  | accessdate =  18 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ-᱔ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://www.easterncoal.gov.in/qualitycontrol/20170330gradedec.pdf | title = Name of Seam| publisher =Eastern Coalfield Ltd. |accessdate =  27 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==
ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ - ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://bardhaman.gov.in/education/schudir.asp 7th All-India School Education Survey 2003] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927042635/http://bardhaman.gov.in/education/schudir.asp |date=2007-09-27 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ==
ᱪᱤᱸᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web  | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | title = Health &amp; Family Welfare Department  | work = Health Statistics – Primary Health Centres  | publisher = Government of West Bengal  | accessdate = 12 May 2020  | archive-date = 21 April 2018  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180421215645/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/PHC.pdf  | url-status = dead  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    <title>ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤ ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ</title>
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      <text bytes="13791" sha1="nmh4z1tl9rvtc7tukhkpu4vvdq8r895" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱑᱙᱑᱗–᱑᱙᱙᱗)}}
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|birth_date  =  ᱑᱙᱑᱗
|birth_place = [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]], ᱤᱨᱟᱱ
|death_date  = ᱒ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ, {{death year and age|1997|1917}}
|death_place = [[ᱞᱚᱥ ᱮᱱᱡᱮᱞᱥ]], ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ
|other_names = ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤ ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ
|occupation  = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ
|known_for   = ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (ᱥᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱭᱟᱦᱩᱫᱽ ᱤ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ)
}}
'''ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤ ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱥᱟᱢᱥᱤ ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ''' (᱑᱙᱑᱗ - ᱒ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ, ᱑᱙᱙᱗) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ]] ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (''ᱥᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱱ-ᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱱ-ᱮ ᱭᱟᱦᱩᱫᱽ-ᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ'') ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Iran&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hekmat-samsi-moradpur-|title=Hekmat, Šamsi Morādpur|access-date=14 March 2016|publisher= Encyclopædia Iranica}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.ijwo.org/Downloads/Iran-1947-1978.pdf|title=The Album of The Jewish Ladies Organization of Iran|access-date=5 April 2016|publisher=IJWO Organization}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{Sfn|Chamanara|2015|p=164}}&lt;ref name= Price&gt;{{Cite web|last= Price| first= Massoume|url=http://www.sephardicstudies.org/historyiran2.html|title=A Brief History of Iranian Jews|access-date=14 March 2016|publisher= Foundation for the advancement of Sephardic studies and culture}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ==
ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ (᱑᱙᱕᱐-᱗᱙) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥᱤᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱠᱤᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱟᱥᱜᱟᱦ-ᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱱ'' ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾{{Sfn|Sarshar|2005|p=248}} ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (''ᱥᱟᱡᱽᱢᱟᱱ-ᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱳᱵᱷᱟᱱ-ᱮ ᱭᱟᱦᱩᱫᱽ-ᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ;'' ᱑᱙᱔᱗-᱗᱙) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Iran/&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱫᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ|ᱫᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ &quot;ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱨᱟ&quot; ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ|ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Iran/&gt; ᱦᱮᱠᱢᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱚᱢᱚᱛᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱩᱞ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾{{Sfn|Las|1996|p=190}}
[[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] (WOI) (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾{{Sfn|Afary|2009|p=262}} ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱭᱩ.ᱮᱱ. ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱢᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾{{Sfn|Cowen|1971|p=262}}
[[ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾  ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ &quot;ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱧ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱧ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ&quot; ᱾{{Sfn|Steltzer|1988|p=}} ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱰᱤᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱞᱤᱜᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱰᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2019-06-28|title=Who will step up to lift the fear of deportations?|url=https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/article/Who-will-step-up-to-lift-the-fear-of-deportations-14057082.php|access-date=2020-09-15|website=SFChronicle.com|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱸᱜᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=Iran/&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱳᱯ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱡᱤᱝ ᱢᱩᱵᱷᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱪᱮᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱳᱯ&quot; ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ; ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱫᱟᱥᱟᱦ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱞᱤ ᱦᱤᱞᱥ ᱪᱮᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱦᱟᱭᱯᱷᱟ ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ&quot; ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱫᱟᱥᱟᱦ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=Iran/&gt;
==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==	
*[[ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ#ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
==ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ==
*{{cite book|last= Afary |first=Janet |title=Sexual Politics in Modern Iran|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rwYmAgAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PT262|date=9 April 2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-39435-3}}
*{{cite book|last= Chamanara |first=Sohrab |title=2020: The fall of Islamic States &amp; the rise of a new political order|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RrtYBwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA164|date=16 March 2015|publisher=Ketab.com|isbn=978-1-59584-500-9}}
*{{cite book|last= Cowen |first=Ida |title=Jews in Remote Corners of the World|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gr2esCMV4XgC|year=1971|publisher=Prentice-Hall|isbn=978-0-13-509265-1}}
*{{cite book|last= Las |first=Nelly |title=Femmes Juives Dans Le Siècle|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mmUqAAAAYAAJ|year=1996|publisher=Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Avraham Harman Institute of Contemporary Jewry|isbn=978-965-90054-1-3}}
*{{cite book|last= Sarshar |first=Houman |title=Esther's Children: A Portrait of Iranian Jews|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cR5WAAAAYAAJ|year=2005|publisher=Center for Iranian Jewish Oral History|isbn=978-0-9661291-3-7}}
*{{cite book|last= Steltzer |first=Ulli |title=The new Americans: immigrant life in Southern California|url=https://archive.org/details/newamericansimmi00stel|url-access= registration |date=October 1988|publisher=NewSage Press|isbn=978-0-939165-06-3}}
==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ==
* {{cite encyclopedia | title = Hekmat, Shamsi | first1 = Orly R. | last1 = Rahimiyan | encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World | editor = Norman A. Stillman | editor-link = Norman Stillman | publisher = Brill Online | url = https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world/hekmat-shamsi-SIM_0019960?s.num=69&amp;s.f.s2_parent=s.f.book.encyclopedia-of-jews-in-the-islamic-world&amp;s.start=60&amp;s.q=Persian | year = 2010}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱑᱗ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙۹᱗ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱳᱯ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱦᱩᱫᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>nmh4z1tl9rvtc7tukhkpu4vvdq8r895</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱡᱮᱦ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36012</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192083</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T11:49:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
        <id>8962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Nawa</comment>
      <origin>192083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12844" sha1="him7qycq27e441o4x0zdd6yc5r78yzp" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ–ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ, ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱭᱩᱥᱚᱨ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱡ. ᱑᱙᱘᱐)}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱡᱮᱦ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱤ
| image              =
| caption            =
| native_name        = {{nastaliq|فائزه جلالی}}
| native_name_lang   = fa
| birth_date         = ᱑᱙᱘᱐
| birth_place        = [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| education          = [[ᱵᱮᱞᱳᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]] {{small|(ᱵᱤ.ᱮ., ᱒᱐᱐᱑)}}
[[ᱴᱮᱱᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] {{small|(ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱮ., ᱒᱐᱐᱔)}}
| occupation         = {{hlist|ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ|ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ|ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱭᱩᱥᱚᱨ|ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ}}
| years_active       = ᱒᱐᱐᱕–ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ
}}
'''ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱡᱮᱦ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱤ''' ({{Langx|fa|{{nastaliq|فائزه جلالی}}|Fā'iza Jalālī}} ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱐) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ–ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ, ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱭᱩᱥᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/stuffed-with-metaphors/article22876641.ece |title=Faezeh Jalali: Stuffed with metaphors |website=The Hindu |last=Ravi |first=S |date=28 February 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;firstpost&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fj&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.climatechangetheatreaction.com/faezeh-jalali/ |title=Faezeh Jalali |website=climatechangetheatreaction.com |access-date=5 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱥᱞᱚᱢᱰᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ]]'' (᱒᱐᱐᱘), ''[[ᱥᱚᱭᱛᱟᱱ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱥᱚᱭᱛᱟᱱ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱑) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ''ᱡᱟᱞ'' (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.timeoutmumbai.net/theatre/reviews/jaal Jaal, TimeOut (March 2012)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131112071703/http://www.timeoutmumbai.net/theatre/reviews/jaal |date=12 November 2013 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/stuffed-with-metaphors/article22876641.ece |title=Faezeh Jalali: Stuffed with metaphors |newspaper=The Hindu |date=28 February 2018 |access-date=10 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2018/07/21/humour-in-disguise.html |title=Humour in disguise |website=The Week |last=Bhadani |first=Priyanka |date=29 July 2018 |access-date=22 October 2022 |archive-date=15 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221015014353/https://www.theweek.in/theweek/leisure/2018/07/21/humour-in-disguise.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/others/sunday-read/imagination-101/articleshow/26656061.cms |title=Imagination 101 |website=Mumbai Mirror |last=D'Mello |first=Yolande |date=1 December 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;fj&quot;/&gt; [[ᱡᱮ.ᱵᱤ. ᱯᱮᱴᱤᱴ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱚᱱᱥᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱮᱞᱳᱭᱤᱴ, ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱚᱱᱥᱤᱱ|ᱵᱮᱞᱳᱭᱤᱴ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱞᱳᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;beloit&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.beloit.edu/live/profiles/66-faezeh-jalali |title=Faezeh Jalali |website=Beloit College |access-date=22 October 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱤ-ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/supplement/story/20090126-faces-of-the-future-738759-2009-01-14 |title=Faces of the Future |work=India Today |date=14 January 2009 |accessdate=5 June 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱮᱱᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱵᱷᱤᱞ, ᱴᱮᱱᱮᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱞᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ]] ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.fattheatreproductions.com/about/ |title=FAT Productions - About Us |access-date=31 August 2014 |archive-date=3 September 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903100430/http://www.fattheatreproductions.com/about/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/theatre/faezeh-jalalis-socially-relevant-plays/article24047081.ece |title=Faezeh Jalali's socially relevant plays |newspaper=The Hindu |date=13 May 2018 |access-date=10 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;firstpost&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/faezeh-jalali-on-creative-freedom-i-strongly-believe-that-artists-create-to-express-and-not-to-offend-11035051.html |title=Faezeh Jalali on creative freedom: 'I strongly believe that artists create to express and not to offend |website=Firstpost |date=10 August 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱴᱤᱝ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱤᱨᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ''ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱩᱱ ᱣᱮᱰᱤᱝ'', ''ᱟᱭᱤ ᱰᱚᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱤᱴ'', ''ᱮᱡᱽ ᱭᱩ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱤᱴ'' ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱡᱟᱴᱤᱝᱜᱟ'', ''ᱫᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱫᱽᱜᱟᱦ'', ''ᱛᱷᱩᱠ'', ''ᱮ ᱢᱤᱰᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱥ ᱰᱨᱤᱢ'', ''ᱟᱨᱢᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱤ ᱢᱮᱱ'', ''ᱫᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱥᱴᱮᱞ ᱮᱴ ᱯᱚᱯᱮᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱨᱤᱠ'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''᱐᱗/᱐᱗/᱐᱗'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰᱤ - ᱫᱤ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱤᱱ-ᱵᱤᱴᱣᱤᱱᱥ'' ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱢᱚᱦᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟ|ᱢᱚᱦᱤᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱤᱞᱮᱱᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰᱥ (META) ᱒᱐১৬ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ''ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱮᱱᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱥᱴ'' ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;beloit&quot;/&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱞᱚᱢᱰᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱩᱨᱵᱟᱱ (᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱠᱩᱨᱵᱟᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ-ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱞᱚᱨ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ [[᱒᱔ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ)|᱒᱔]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.mid-day.com/entertainment/television-news/article/-slumdog-millionaire--actress-faezeh-jalali-bags-a-role-in--24--206181 |title='Slumdog Millionaire' actress Faezeh Jalali bags a role in '24' |website=Midday |date=28 March 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ==
ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱰ ᱮᱠᱨᱚᱵᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;firstpost&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ [[ᱢᱚᱞᱞᱚᱠᱷᱟᱢᱵᱚ|ᱢᱚᱞᱞᱚᱠᱷᱟᱢᱵᱚ]] ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://scroll.in/field/913701/mallakhamb-diversity-passion-and-recognition-as-a-sport-at-inaugural-world-championship-in-mumbai |title=Mallakhamb: Diversity, passion and recognition as a sport at inaugural World Championship in Mumbai |website=Scroll.in |last=D'Cunha |first=Zenia |date=18 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱮᱨ (ᱨᱳᱯ) ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.france24.com/en/20190217-india-hosts-first-yoga-pole-world-championships |title=India hosts first 'yoga on a pole' world championships |website=France24 |date=17 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
*{{IMDb name|1840531}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱥᱴᱤᱝ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱥᱴᱤᱝ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱᱨᱟᱭᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱭᱩᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱᱨᱟᱭᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱᱨᱟᱭᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱠᱨᱚᱵᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱡᱤᱢᱱᱟᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱞᱳᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱴᱮᱱᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱴᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>him7qycq27e441o4x0zdd6yc5r78yzp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱟᱡᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36013</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192084</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T11:52:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
        <id>8962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192084</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11030" sha1="opgfegt6elxy5b9583g6wg56otb26oc" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱠᱤᱞ}}
'''ᱟᱡᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱱᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤ''', ([[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]]: اعظم جنگروی; ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱙ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱓, [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/3801 |title=&quot;I Was Tired: Enough Talk, It was Time for Action&quot;: Witness Testimony of Azam Jangravi |website=www.iranrights.org |date=2020-12-15 |access-date=2024-11-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ-ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ, ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱛᱟᱢᱩᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ 'ᱫᱤ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱱᱜᱽᱞᱮᱵᱽ' ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱠᱮᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ (ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱯᱷ) ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱛᱟᱢᱩᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=February 14, 2019 |title=I did it for my daughter, says woman arrested for headscarf protest in Iran |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-protest-hijab-idUSKCN1Q30Q7 |access-date=October 8, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-gives-three-women-fifty-five-years-in-prison-for-defying-islamic-dress-code-597537 |title=Iran gives three women 55 years in prison for defying Islamic dress code |website=www.jpost.com|date=August 4, 2019 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱟᱡᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱥᱛᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱦᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱯ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱒᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=&quot;I Was Tired: Enough Talk, It was Time for Action&quot;: Witness Testimony of Azam Jangravi |url=https://www.iranrights.org/library/document/3801 |access-date=October 8, 2022 |website=Abdorrahman Boroumand Center |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱲᱷᱤᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OC&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Jangravi |first1=Azam |title=&quot;I felt like I was the most powerful woman in Iran&quot; |url=https://opencanada.org/i-felt-like-i-was-the-most-powerful-woman-in-iran/ |website=Open Canada |access-date=12 November 2024 |language=en |date=17 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱟᱡᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱭᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱪᱞᱚᱨ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮ.ᱟᱭᱤ (AI) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱵᱳᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OC&quot;/&gt;
ᱟᱡᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱒ Trink᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱜᱽᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱭᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ (ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱳᱨᱥ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱮᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ-ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;OC&quot;/&gt;
== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
᱒᱗ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ-ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱟ ᱢᱳᱵᱷᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱠᱮᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱛᱟᱢᱩᱞᱚᱠ ᱦᱤᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱮᱱᱠᱮᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ&quot; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱷᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱵᱷᱟᱦᱮᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱯᱷ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱱᱜᱽᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;radiofarda&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Iranian Hijab Protester Speaks Up About Cruelty Of Fugitive Judge |url=https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iranian-hijab-protester-speaks-up-about-cruelty-of-fugitive-judge-/30682805.html |access-date=October 8, 2022 |website=en.radiofarda.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Amnesty&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Iran: Dozens of women ill-treated and at risk of long jail terms for peacefully protesting compulsory veiling |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2018/02/iran-dozens-of-women-ill-treated-and-at-risk-of-long-jail-terms-for-peacefully-protesting-compulsory-veiling/ |website=AMNESTY International |date=February 26, 2018 |access-date=October 9, 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ &quot;ᱵᱮᱼᱞᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ&quot; ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Reuters&quot; /&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱥᱛᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱥ-ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱜᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Parent |first=Deepa |date=2024-11-08 |title=Fears grow that woman arrested for undressing in Iran could be tortured in psychiatric unit |url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2024/nov/08/woman-arrested-iran-undressing-protesters-psychiatric-institutions-rights-groups |access-date=2024-11-13 |work=The Guardian |language=en-GB |issn=0261-3077}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;radiofarda&quot; /&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2075083843590 |title= Iranian expats need to use their voices, says activist |date= |website=CBC News}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{reflist}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱠ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ)]]</text>
      <sha1>opgfegt6elxy5b9583g6wg56otb26oc</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>36014</id>
    <revision>
      <id>192085</id>
      <timestamp>2026-05-19T11:56:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AMurmu</username>
        <id>8962</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟ</comment>
      <origin>192085</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12606" sha1="32wrzrvefvbdbyde9bjeqtfxuf68y51" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ-ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱢᱮᱠᱚᱨ (ᱡ. ᱑ bowling᱑᱙᱗᱐)}}
{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ
| image              = Simin Keramati in Oslo 2023, cropping.jpg
| caption            = ᱒ club᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ
| native_name        = سیمین کرامتی
| native_name_lang   = fa
| other_names        = ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ
| birth_date         = {{birth year and age|1970}}
| birth_place        = [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]],
| alma_mater         = [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]],
 [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]],
 [[ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]]
| occupation         = ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ
| known_for          = ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ, ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱢᱮᱠᱚᱨ
| website            = [https://siminkeramati.com/ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]
}}
'''ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ''' ({{Langx|fa|سیمین کرامتی}}; ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱗᱐)&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Silverthorne |first=Diane V. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YKtqDwAAQBAJ |title=Music, Art and Performance from Liszt to Riot Grrrl: The Musicalization of Art |date=2018-10-18 |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing USA |isbn=978-1-5013-3015-5 |pages=344 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ-ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱞᱴᱤᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱩᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Velie |first=Elaine |date=2022-09-28 |title=Artists Worldwide Demand Freedom for Iranian Women |url=http://hyperallergic.com/764859/artists-worldwide-demand-freedom-for-iranian-women/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Hyperallergic |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2011-10-11 |title=Iranian Artists Fight Smog with the Tehran Monoxide Project |url=https://www.greenprophet.com/2011/10/iranian-artists-fight-smog/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Green Prophet |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ, ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱢᱮᱠᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Scheiwiller |first=Staci Gem |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gt0ZBQAAQBAJ |title=Performing the Iranian State: Visual Culture and Representations of Iranian Identity |date=2014-11-01 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-78308-328-2 |language=en|page=183}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Pechlaner |first1=Harald |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HLGBDwAAQBAJ |title=Künstler unterwegs: Wege und Grenzen des Reisens |last2=Innerhofer |first2=Elisa |last3=Allerstorfer |first3=Julia |date=2018-09-25 |publisher=Nomos Verlag |isbn=978-3-8452-9044-7 |language=de |chapter=Simin Keramati: De/Konstruktion(en) des Selbst |trans-chapter=Simin Keramati: De/Construction(s) of Self}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ==
ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Simin Keramati |url=http://tavoosonline.com/SelectedArtist/SpecialEn.aspx?src=268&amp;Page=1 |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Tavoos Online, Iran's First Bilingual Art Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ.ᱮ. ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱖) ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱮ. ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱕) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FYhHAQAAIAAJ |title=A Breeze from the Gardens of Persia: New Art from Iran |date=2001 |publisher=Meridian International center |isbn=978-0-9661013-2-4 |pages=85 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱭᱮᱴ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ, ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱟᱛ]], ᱥᱟᱫᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱫᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱥᱟ ᱛᱟᱵᱷᱟᱠᱳᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XgXmAAAAMAAJ |title=L'espresso, Issues 26-29 |date=2005 |publisher=Editrice L'Espresso |volume=51 |pages=110 |language=it |issue=26–29}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Simin Keramati at the PaykanArtCar unveiling in Oslo.jpg|thumb|᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱳᱥᱞᱳ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱭᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ]]
᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ, ''ᱢᱮᱰ ᱤᱱ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱜᱽᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱱ ᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱣᱨᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱞ ᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ, ᱵᱮᱦᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱭ, ᱵᱷᱟᱦᱤᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱯᱮᱭᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱥᱢᱟᱱᱫᱽᱡᱟᱫᱮᱦ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱟᱥ ᱦᱟᱱᱟᱭᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Butler |first=Katherine |date=June 27, 2009 |title=Iran's Hybrids Unveiled |url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/723351875/ |url-access=subscription |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Newspapers.com |publisher=The Independent |page=38 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=July 6, 2009 |title=Exhibition: &quot;Made in Iran&quot; in London |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/09/jul/1050.html |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=Payvand.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Westall |first=Mark |date=2009-06-23 |title=Made in Iran Opening at Asia House through to July4th |url=https://fadmagazine.com/2009/06/23/made-in-iran-opening-at-asia-house-from-23rd-june/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=FAD Magazine |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ, ''ᱟᱨᱴ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱯᱷ IV: ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱮᱢᱯᱳᱨᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥᱤᱥᱠᱳ'' (᱒᱐᱑᱘) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ SOMA ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱚᱢᱥ ᱮᱜᱮᱱᱥᱴ ᱯᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱴᱤ (MAP) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Artistic Reflections from the Iranian Diaspora at SOMArts |url=https://www.sfstation.com/2018/11/27/artistic-reflections-from-the-iranian-diaspora-at-somarts/ |access-date=2022-10-11 |website=SF Station |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱦᱥᱟ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱡᱤᱥᱞᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱮᱥᱮᱢᱵᱽᱞᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱚᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱟᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt;
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱭᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐inst ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Denne bilen er tildekket av kvinnehår&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Paust |first1=Thomas |title=Denne bilen er tildekket av kvinnehår: – Mullaene skjelver |url=https://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/denne-bilen-er-tildekket-av-kvinnehar-mullaene-skjelver/s/5-95-1156627 |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=[[Nettavisen]] |date=13 June 2023 |language=no}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Activists say the human rights movement is failing&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Toosi |first1=Nahal |title=Activists say the human rights movement is failing |url=https://www.politico.com/news/2023/06/18/activists-human-rights-movement-00102484 |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=[[Politico]] |date=18 June 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Hårprotest&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Castello |first1=Claudio |title=Hårprotest utenfor Oslo konserthus |url=https://www.utrop.no/nyheter/nytt/341973/ |access-date=3 August 2023 |work=[[Utrop]] |date=15 June 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist}}
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* [https://siminkeramati.com/ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ]
* {{IMDb name|id=nm8258263}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱳᱨᱳᱱᱴᱳ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱦᱥᱟ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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