ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ

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    <title>ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ</title>
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'''ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ &quot;'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'''&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ, ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ  ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹ [[ᱰ]] ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ &quot;[[ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽᱵᱚᱛᱜᱤᱛᱟ]]&quot; ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱑᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱰᱤᱥᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱬ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱟ ᱾ 

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱫᱽᱵᱭᱟᱥ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱫᱽᱵᱭᱟᱥ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱛᱤᱠᱪᱷᱟᱹ, ᱡᱭᱚᱛᱤᱥ, ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱛᱤ, ᱡᱚᱜᱟ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱹᱥᱛᱩ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱵᱟᱰᱚᱦᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱲᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==

'''ᱵᱮᱫᱽᱵᱭᱟᱥ''' ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱞᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ  ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ 


ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱡᱸᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱴ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱭᱫᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱰᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ==

'''ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ''' ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ &quot;'''ᱡᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ'''&quot;, &quot;'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'''&quot; ᱟᱨ &quot;'''ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'''&quot; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱱᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱫᱽᱵᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱞᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ &quot;'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'''&quot; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱵᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ, ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ, ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱟᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱞᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ, ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ, ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱟᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ''' ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱚᱫᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱩᱭ ᱫᱚ 'ᱡᱚᱭ' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱫᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱮᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ &quot;'''ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'''&quot; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 


==ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ==

&quot;ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱬ&quot; (ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱵᱨᱚᱦᱢᱟ''' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱚᱛᱨᱤ''', ᱚᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱢᱟ''', ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱵᱩᱫᱷ''' ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱤᱞᱚ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱟ''' ᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱟᱭᱩ''', ᱟᱭᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ '''ᱱᱚᱦᱩᱥ''', ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱦᱩᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱭᱚᱭᱟᱛᱤ''' ᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱭᱚᱭᱟᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ '''ᱯᱩᱨᱩ''' ᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮ '''ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱚᱛ''' ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱚᱛᱟᱭ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱚᱱᱩ''' ᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱚᱱᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ '''ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ''' ᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱚᱱᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱠᱚᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱜᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱵᱤᱨᱡᱽ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱜᱚᱸᱫᱷ ᱜᱚᱸᱫᱷᱚᱨᱵᱷᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱤᱪᱤᱛᱨᱚᱵᱤᱨᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱚᱛᱭᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱢᱵᱤᱠᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱠᱚᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱷᱨᱩᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱵᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱠᱚᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱨᱩᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱸᱫᱷᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱨᱡᱚᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱫᱷᱤᱥᱴᱤᱨ, ᱵᱷᱤᱢ, ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ, ᱱᱚᱠᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱫᱮᱵᱽ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱷᱨᱩᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱬᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱯᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱤᱱ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱥᱤᱭ ᱛᱮᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱩᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱥᱟᱯ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱪᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ, 'ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱟᱢᱤᱡ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱫᱩᱯᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱩᱰᱩᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾' ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱺᱦᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱨᱩᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱺᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ 


==ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kali_Yuga

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characters_in_the_Mahabharata
== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House_Webster%27s_Unabridged_Dictionary

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/Mahabharata {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160729202751/http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/mahabharata |date=2016-07-29 }}

https://books.google.com/books?id=zB4n3MVozbUC&amp;pg=PA1755&amp;dq=itihasa

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

https://web.archive.org/web/20101107222102/http://www.sub.uni-goettingen.de/ebene_1/fiindolo/gretil/1_sanskr/2_epic/mbh/sas/mahabharata.htm

http://www.holybooks.com/mahabharata-all-volumes-in-12-pdf-files/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302075556/http://www.holybooks.com/mahabharata-all-volumes-in-12-pdf-files/ |date=2021-03-02 }}

http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Sanskrit_in_Classics_at_Brown/Mahabharata/MBh2Biblio.html#Poona {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210302075559/http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Sanskrit_in_Classics_at_Brown/Mahabharata/MBh2Biblio.html#Poona |date=2021-03-02 }}
[[Category:ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]</text>
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    <title>ᱠᱩᱡᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ</title>
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      <text bytes="73927" sha1="1kf1hp39x59okwp9fb1wbh222e9uc12" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' ᱯᱩᱨᱟ. ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ '''ᱱᱚᱢᱚᱭᱨᱚᱠᱯᱚᱢ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ : ᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱖᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟ. ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟ. ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

==ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱵᱳᱨᱳ==

ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ(1st March 1968) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱠᱟ.ᱭᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱭᱤ ᱞᱮᱭᱠᱟᱭᱤ ᱟ.ᱛᱩᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱯᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱟᱢ ᱥᱤᱱᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱮᱭᱟᱭᱜᱮᱞ ᱤᱨᱟ.ᱞ (1978) ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱤᱛᱩᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱺᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱚᱨᱟ.ᱱᱤ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱥᱟᱛᱞᱟᱜᱼᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱾ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱷᱚ ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟ. ᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱜᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱟ.ᱛ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ (CRPF) ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ.ᱠᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫᱚᱜ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱤᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣᱱᱟᱣ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟ.ᱥᱠᱟ. ᱧᱮᱞᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ (1996-98) ᱫᱷᱟ.ᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟ.ᱜᱩᱣᱟ.ᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

==ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==

᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ (Gold Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱔kg,᱔᱖kg ᱟᱨ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱘kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟ.ᱫ ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱨᱤᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟ.ᱛᱤᱭᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔᱔kg ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱔᱖kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Gold Medal) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱞᱮᱱ ᱔᱘ kg ᱦᱟ.ᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟ.ᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱸᱜᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱪᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟ.ᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟ.ᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱲᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟ.ᱨᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.ᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. (Gold medal ) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Silver Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱤᱡᱤᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱥᱤᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ.(Bronze Medal) ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱚᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞ ᱦᱮᱯᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟ. ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ==

{|class = &quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
! rowspan=2 width=40|ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
! rowspan=2 width=250|ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ
! rowspan=2 width=60|ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ
!colspan=4| Snatch (kg)
!colspan=4| Clean &amp; Jerk (kg)
!rowspan=2 width=40| Total
!rowspan=2 width=40| Rank
|-
! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank!! width=40|1!! width=40|2!! width=40|3!! width=40|Rank
|-
! colspan=13|[[World Weightlifting Championships|World Championships]]
|-
|[[2005 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱕]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱛ}} [[ᱫᱳᱦᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱛᱟᱨ]]|| [[2005 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||'''᱗᱘'''||&lt;s&gt; 79||᱗||95||98||'''100'''||᱗||'''178.0'''||7
|-

|[[2003 World Weightlifting Championships|᱒᱐᱐᱓]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ}} [[ᱵᱟᱸᱠᱚᱣᱵᱚᱨ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] || [[2003 World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||᱗᱕||᱗᱗.᱕||'''᱘᱐'''||᱖||97.5||'''102.5'''||&lt;s&gt;105||4||'''182.5'''||5
|-

|[[1999 World Weightlifting Championships|᱑᱙᱙᱙]] || align=left|{{flagicon|ᱜᱨᱤᱥ}} [[ᱱᱯᱤᱨᱟᱣᱚᱥ]], [[ᱜᱨᱤᱥ]] || [[᱑᱙᱙᱙ World Weightlifting Championships – Women's 48 kg|᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳ]] ||'''᱗᱕'''||&lt;s&gt;80||&lt;s&gt;80||᱑᱐||95||100||'''105'''||{{sica}}||'''180'''||5
|}

==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ}}
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| purpose             = [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱼᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱜᱟᱯᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;g20faq&quot;&gt;[http://www.g20.org/about_faq.aspx#5_What_are_the_criteria_for_G-20_membership &quot;FAQ #5: What are the criteria for G-20 membership?&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090216194340/http://g20.org/about_faq.aspx#5_What_are_the_criteria_for_G-20_membership |date=16 February 2009 }}. G20.org. Retrieved 21 February 2013.&lt;/ref&gt;
| headquarters        = 
| location            = 
| region_served       = 
| membership          = {{Collapsible list
|titlestyle = background:transparent;line-height:normal;text-align:left;font-weight:normal;
|title = ᱒᱐ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ{{efn|᱑᱙ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (EU).}}
|{{ARG}} || {{AUS}} || {{BRA}} || {{CAN}} || {{CHN}} ||{{FRA}} || {{GER}} || '''{{IND}}''' || {{INA}} || {{ITA}} || {{JPN}} || {{MEX}} || {{RUS}} || {{KSA}} || {{RSA}} || {{KOR}} || {{TUR}} || {{GBR}} || {{USA}} || {{nowrap|{{EU}}}}|| 
}}
| leader_title        = ᱪᱟᱭᱨᱮᱛ (ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ)
| leader_name         = [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]]
| main_organ          = 
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| website             = https://g20.org/en/&lt;ref&gt;https://twitter.com/meaindia/status/1589961964620746752?s=46&amp;t=gADTA9-7WfHtsLimiZIfoA&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱡᱤ᱒᱐''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱜᱩᱴ ᱒᱐''' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ]] (ᱤ.ᱭᱩ) ᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ [[en:Financial stability|ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨᱩᱱ]], [[ᱦᱚᱭᱼᱦᱤᱫᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[:en:Sustainable development|ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱥᱩᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;IPS&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=G20 Finance Ministers Committed to Sustainable Development|date=9 September 2015|url=https://www.ipsnews.net/2015/09/g20-finance-ministers-committed-to-sustainable-development/|access-date=4 December 2015|publisher=IPS News|archive-date=30 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220730185219/https://www.ipsnews.net/2015/09/g20-finance-ministers-committed-to-sustainable-development/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱡᱤ᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[:en:Gross world product|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱘᱐%&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=What is the G20 &amp;#124; G20 Foundation|url=https://www.g20foundation.org/g20/what-is-the-g20|access-date=19 May 2020|archive-date=14 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200514225722/https://www.g20foundation.org/g20/what-is-the-g20|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;, [[ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱕᱙{{ndash}}᱗᱗%{{efn|ᱤ.ᱭᱩ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱕᱙%.}}, ᱯᱮ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ&lt;ref name=&quot;g20members&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=G20 Members|url=http://www.g20.org/about_g20/g20_members|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203221840/http://www.g20.org/about_g20/g20_members|archive-date=3 February 2014|access-date=15 January 2014|publisher=G20.org|df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱖᱐% ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤ᱒᱐ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱱᱟᱼᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤ᱒᱐ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=About The G20 – G20 Presidency of Indonesia |url=https://g20.org/about-the-g20/ |access-date=2022-08-09 |language=en-GB |archive-date=2022-08-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220809140933/https://g20.org/about-the-g20/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱜᱤ᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ [[ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ]], [[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]], [[ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱣᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.g20-insights.org/think_tanks/|title=Think Tanks|website=G20 Insights|access-date=2022-12-02|archive-date=2020-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201212045828/https://www.g20-insights.org/think_tanks/|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;&quot;[https://web.archive.org/web/20140203221850/http://www.g20.org/about_g20/past_summits Past Summits]&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;{{efn|᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱤ᱒᱐ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ]] ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱚᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; [[:en:2011 G20 Cannes summit|ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ]], ᱡᱤ᱒᱐ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ, [[ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ|ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱮᱼᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ|ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==

==ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ==

==ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ==

==ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ==

==ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ==

==ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ==

==ᱡᱚᱥ==

==ᱡᱤ᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ==

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱴᱷᱚᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤ᱒᱐]]</text>
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      <text bytes="5052" sha1="dxhd2oo5vyt7g2dlrtspxh6wilrw50k" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱟᱨ''' ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ '''ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱷᱩᱢᱟᱭᱤᱨ''''&lt;ref name=&quot;Prabhat khabar 2022&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.prabhatkhabar.com/state/jharkhand/ranchi/people-enthusiasm-for-karam-puja-2022-capital-has-started-resonating-with-drums-unk|title=करम पर्व को लेकर लोगों में उत्साह, मांदर, ढोल और नगाड़ों से गूंजने लगी है राजधानी|publisher=Prabhat khabar|language=Hindi|date=4 September 2022|access-date=14 November 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱟᱫᱚᱞ]], [[ᱰᱷᱳᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱤᱨᱤᱭᱳ]]᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/jharkhand-culture-1373963549-1|title=Jharkhand: Culture|publisher=jagranjosh|date=31 July 2013|access-date=27 September 2022|archive-date=27 September 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927104035/https://www.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/jharkhand-culture-1373963549-1|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱼᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟ᱾ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱹᱞ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱩ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ|ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱤᱛᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.auchitya.com/janani-jhumar-folk-dance-of-jharkhand/|title=Janani Jhumar Dance of Jharkhand|publisher=uchitya|access-date=27 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://jharkhandculture.com/hi/node/32|title=जनानी झूमर|publisher=Jharkhandculture|access-date=27 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱝᱱᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oSP7DwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA104|title=Vaividhya Jharkhand Samanya Gyan for JPSC, JSSC &amp; other Competitive Exams|publisher=Disha Experts|page=104|date=4 September 2020|isbn=978-9389645194|access-date=27 September 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱝᱱᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱟᱱᱛᱨᱤ, ᱯᱚᱦᱤᱞᱥᱟᱧᱡᱟ, ᱚᱫᱷᱨᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ, ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱩᱫᱷᱟᱣᱣᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱫᱟᱣᱭᱟ, ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱥᱩᱭᱟ, ᱠᱷᱮᱢᱛᱟ, ᱫᱟᱭᱫᱷᱚᱨᱟ, ᱨᱟᱥᱠᱨᱤᱫᱟ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Samanya Gyan&quot;&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kFmxDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA195|title=Jharkhand Samanya Gyan|isbn=9789351867982|last1=Ranjan|first1=Manish|page=168|year=2021|language=Hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱟᱦᱟ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢᱟᱦᱟ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱦᱟ, ᱫᱟᱠᱷᱥᱤᱱᱟᱦᱟ, ᱥᱳᱱᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱱᱟᱝᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱡᱚᱥᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱜᱟᱝᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱦᱮᱸᱛᱷᱜᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱥᱟᱲ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ (ᱡᱩᱱ-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ) ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱣᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤᱠ (ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ-ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱳᱢᱠᱚᱪ]] ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9S1pEAAAQBAJ&amp;pg=SA4-PA10&amp;lpg=SA4-PA10|title=Jharkhand General Knowledge 2022|publisher=Prabhat Prakashan|author=Manish Ranjan|page=4.10|year=2022|isbn=978-9354883002}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱮᱱᱮᱡ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ]]

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==</text>
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'''ᱡᱚᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱖ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱑᱙᱗᱖) '''ᱡᱚᱠ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱵᱚᱛ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ , ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ , ᱨᱳᱞᱼᱯᱚᱞᱮᱢ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱭᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ [[ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ, ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ.|ᱳᱣᱟᱥᱴᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ ᱰᱤ ᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱯᱟᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ , ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱳᱣᱮᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱠᱳᱣᱮᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ 2001 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2011 Noms and Winners |url=http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2011-nominees-and-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213085352/http://diehardgamefan.com/2011/12/26/diehard-gamefans-2011-tabletop-gaming-awards/ |archive-date=February 13, 2019 |access-date=March 12, 2019 |website=[[ENnie Awards]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱡᱤᱭᱟᱨ ==
ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱰᱠᱳᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Baumann |first=Ken |date=July 24, 2014 |title=Basement Magic: Notes From a New D&amp;D Player &amp; An Interview With Zak Smith |url=http://thefanzine.com/basement-magic-notes-from-a-new-dd-player-an-interview-with-zak-smith/ |access-date=May 28, 2019 |website=TheFanzine.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Veselka |first=Vanessa |author-link=Vanessa Veselka |date=October 6, 2014 |title=The Best Monster |url=https://medium.com/matter/the-best-monster-38461c5cbbf1 |access-date=May 28, 2019 |website=[[Medium (website)|Medium.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱢᱤᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱴ , ᱩᱭᱴᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱳᱵᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱤ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |year=2004 |title=The Collection &amp;#124; Zak Smith (American, born 1976) |url=http://www.moma.org/collection/artist.php?artist_id=28814 |access-date=April 19, 2019 |publisher=[[Museum of Modern Art|MoMA]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Zak |year=2005 |title=Girls in the Naked Girl Business: Sawa |url=https://whitney.org/artists/9266 |access-date=July 25, 2019 |website=[[Whitney Museum of American Art]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Zak |year=2004 |title=Pictures of What Happens on Each Page of Thomas Pynchon's Novel, Gravity's Rainbow |url=https://walkerart.org/collections/artworks/pictures-of-what-happens-on-each-page-of-thomas-pynchons-novel-gravitys-rainbow |access-date=July 25, 2019 |website=[[Walker Art Center]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Zak |year=2007 |title=Girls in the Naked Girl Business: Sasha Grey |url=https://www.saatchigallery.com/artists/artpages/zak_smith_girls_sascha.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190308080831/https://www.saatchigallery.com/artists/artpages/zak_smith_girls_sascha.htm |archive-date=March 8, 2019 |access-date=March 7, 2019 |website=[[Saatchi Gallery]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨᱴᱥᱤᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/miranda/la-et-cam-moment-of-friday-artist-zak-smith-metal-band-celtic-frost-20140703-column.html|title=Moment of Friday: Zak Smith picks the metal-est song in the world|last=Miranda|first=Carolina A.|date=July 4, 2014|work=[[LA Times]]|access-date=April 19, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱭᱚᱨᱠ|ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰᱮᱨᱤᱠᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭᱡᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Featured Works [http://www.fredericksfreisergallery.com/artists/zak-smith Fredericks &amp; Freiser Gallery] Retrieved February 28, 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;YABLONSKY, LINDA. &quot;Punk Portraitist: On the Backs of Photographs, Zak Smith Plays with Slick Surfaces to Make Likenesses of Surprising Detail and Depth.&quot; ''ARTNews'', vol. 102, no. 8, Sept. 2003, p. 96.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱟᱨᱥ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱱᱟᱠᱮᱰ ᱜᱟᱨᱞ ᱵᱤᱡᱱᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Kley, Elisabeth. &quot;Zak Smith.&quot; ''ARTNews'', vol. 104, no. 11, Dec. 2005, pp. 146–47. &lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ' ᱯᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨᱥ ᱥᱳᱭᱤᱝ ᱦᱳᱭᱟᱴ ᱦᱚᱯᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱱ ᱮᱰᱤᱣ ᱯᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱯᱮᱝᱪᱚᱱ ' ᱼ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ' ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱜᱨᱟᱵᱷᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱤᱱᱵᱳ ' ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ 760 ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ''ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱞᱴᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ'' ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ 2004 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱭᱴᱤᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱳᱣᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Woods, Chris. &quot;Gravity's Rainbow Illustrated: One Picture for Every Page.&quot; ''Chicago Review'', vol. 53, no. 2, Autumn, 2007, pp. 202-205,245''.''&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱴᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ , ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ [[ᱞᱚᱥ ᱮᱧᱡᱮᱞᱥ|ᱞᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱡᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱢᱳᱨᱵᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.vice.com/read/zak-loves-mandy-0003000-v19n10|title=Zak Loves Mandy|last=Kane|first=Kimberly|date=October 16, 2012|work=[[Vice (magazine)|VICE]]|access-date=January 5, 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱢᱤᱛ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.artnet.com/magazineus/features/trice/trice10-15-07.asp|title=Anarchy in the U.K.|last=Trice|first=Emilie|date=October 15, 2007|work=[[artnet]].de|access-date=January 5, 2015|quote=This month, the 31-year-old artist, anarchist and porn star has a solo show at Fred in London.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/20973/1/stoya-selects-zak-smith|title=Stoya selects Zak Smith|last=Tsjeng|first=Zing|date=July 28, 2014|work=[[Dazed &amp; Confused (magazine)#Dazed Digital|Dazed Digital]]|access-date=January 5, 2015|quote=The self-described anarchist landed his monumental page-for-page artistic interpretation of Gravity's Rainbow in the Whitney Biennal at 28, then landed his first adult film role in Barbed Wire Kiss.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;sff-interview&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hellings |first=David Paul |date=September 13, 2015 |title=An Interview with Zak S |url=https://www.sffworld.com/2015/09/an-interview-with-zak-s/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190302024518/https://www.sffworld.com/2015/09/an-interview-with-zak-s/ |archive-date=March 2, 2019 |access-date=March 1, 2019 |website=SFF World}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ==
ᱢᱳᱨᱵᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱣᱤᱡᱚᱨᱰᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱱᱡᱚᱱ ᱮᱸᱰ ᱰᱨᱟᱜᱚᱱᱥ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱰᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱡᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱮᱰᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;PolygonDnD&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Hall |first=Charlie |date=February 20, 2019 |title=Dungeons &amp; Dragons publisher scrubs contributor from handbook amid abuse allegations |url=https://www.polygon.com/platform/amp/2019/2/20/18232181/dungeons-dragons-zak-smith-sabbath-abuse-accusations-players-handbook |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190228004142/https://www.polygon.com/platform/amp/2019/2/20/18232181/dungeons-dragons-zak-smith-sabbath-abuse-accusations-players-handbook |archive-date=February 28, 2019 |access-date=March 6, 2019 |website=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thefandomentals.com/new-allegations-against-zak-smith-spotlight-rampant-harassment-in-the-rpg-industry/|title=New Allegations Against Zak Smith Spotlight Rampant Harassment In The RPG Industry|last=Arndt|first=Dan|date=15 February 2019|work=The Fandomentals|access-date=2019-04-24}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=H |first=Brook |date=15 February 2019 |title=Tabletop RPG Community Boycotts Zak Smith |url=https://popcultureuncovered.com/2019/02/15/tabletop-rpg-community-snubs-zak-smith/ |website=Pop Culture Uncovered |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://411mania.com/games/wizards-of-the-coast-statement-dd-5e-contributor-zak-smith-abuse-allegations/|title=411MANIA|work=Wizards of the Coast Issues Statement About D&amp;D 5E Contributor Zak Smith Following Abuse Allegations|access-date=4 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200704232630/https://411mania.com/games/wizards-of-the-coast-statement-dd-5e-contributor-zak-smith-abuse-allegations/|archive-date=July 4, 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://bleedingcool.com/games/dungeons-dragons-issues-a-statement-on-the-zak-smith-situation/|title=Dungeons &amp; Dragons Issues a Statement on the Zak Smith Situation|last=Sheehan|first=Gavin|date=19 February 2019|work=Bleeding Cool News And Rumors|access-date=4 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/dungeons-and-dragons-zak-smith-statement/|title='Dungeons &amp; Dragons' Releases Statement on Zak Smith|last=Hoffer|first=Christian|work=comicbook.com|access-date=4 July 2020|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱯᱤᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱦᱤᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱜᱤᱞᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱼᱯᱷᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱱᱚᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱣᱟᱱᱵᱩᱠ ᱥᱮᱞᱯᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ , ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯᱮᱹᱡᱽ ᱮᱵᱤᱭᱩᱡᱽ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱤᱱᱮᱥᱮᱴ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱴᱳᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱠᱳᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;PolygonDnD&quot; /&gt; ᱥᱢᱤᱛ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱨᱵᱤᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Zak |date=13 February 2019 |title=The Statement |url=https://officialzsannouncements.blogspot.com/2019/02/the-statement.html |website=Official Z Announcements |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Smith |first=Zak |date=12 June 2019 |title=Im Suing |url=https://officialzsannouncements.blogspot.com/2019/06/im-suing.html |website=Official Z Announcements |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.geeknative.com/69638/backlisted-rpg-designers-defamation-case-forces-ex-girlfriend-into-crowdfunding/|title=Backlisted RPG designer's defamation case forces ex-girlfriend into crowdfunding|last=Girdwood|first=Andrew|date=29 November 2019|work=Geek Native|access-date=4 July 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱞ ==

=== ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ===

* ''ᱡᱚᱠ'' ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛᱼᱯᱤᱠᱪᱟᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱜᱟᱨᱞᱥ (ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱨᱠᱼᱰᱤᱵᱨᱤᱵᱩᱴᱮᱰ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱤᱥᱟᱨᱥ 2005) ᱾  
* ᱛᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱯᱮᱱᱪᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ ᱜᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱤᱱᱵᱳ (Novel/illustration) ᱼ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱾  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] 0ᱼ9773127ᱼ9ᱼ8 ᱾
* We did Porn: ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱨᱟᱣᱝᱥ ᱾ (ᱯᱳᱨᱴᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ , ᱳᱨᱮᱜᱚᱱ , ᱴᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ , 2009) ᱾  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] 978ᱼ9802436ᱼ8ᱼ0
* ᱫᱟ ᱳᱣᱟᱨᱥᱴ ᱵᱨᱮᱯᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ (ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱥᱴᱨᱟᱴᱟᱨ) ᱪᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱭᱵᱷᱤᱞᱚ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ 2016ᱼᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] [[Special:BookSources/978-1-6177548-6-9|978ᱼ6177548ᱼ6ᱼ9 ᱾]]

=== ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ ᱡᱤ ===

* ᱵᱷᱳᱨᱱᱦᱟᱭᱤᱢᱼ ᱫᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱤᱴ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱮᱴ (ᱞᱟᱢᱮᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱢ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱮᱥᱮᱥ) 2011  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] 978ᱼ9ᱼ5259042ᱼ4ᱼ6 ᱾
* ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (ᱞᱚᱞᱟᱢᱮᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱢ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱮᱥᱮᱥ) 2014  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] [[Special:BookSources/978-9-5259046-0-4|978 - 9 - 5259046ᱼ0ᱼ4]] ᱾
* ᱰᱮᱛᱷ ᱯᱷᱨᱳᱥᱴ ᱰᱩᱢ (ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱮᱥᱮᱥ) 2014 ᱾  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] [[Special:BookSources/978-9-5259048-3-3|978 - 9 - 5259048ᱼ3ᱼ3 ᱾]]
* ᱢᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ بلیو ᱢᱮᱰᱩᱥᱟ (Patrick Stuart ' s Satyr Press) 2016ᱼᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱾  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] 978 - 0 - 9832437 - 5
* ᱯᱷᱨᱳᱥᱴᱵᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱴᱤᱞᱮᱴᱰ (ᱞᱚᱞᱢᱮᱱᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱟᱢ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱮᱥᱮᱥ) 2018 ᱾  [[ISBN (identifier)|ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱥᱹᱵᱤᱹᱱ]] 978ᱼ9ᱼ5272380ᱼ2ᱼ8 ᱾

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! width=&quot;6%&quot; |ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾
! width=&quot;17%&quot; |ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾
! width=&quot;47%&quot; |ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱾
! width=&quot;29%&quot; |ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱾
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2011 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾
|ᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱰ / ᱮᱠᱮᱥᱮᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2011&quot;/&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''ᱵᱷᱳᱨᱱᱦᱟᱭᱤᱢᱼ ᱫᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱤᱴ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱤᱴ''
|-
|ᱰᱟᱭᱦᱟᱨᱰ ᱜᱮᱢᱯᱷᱮᱱ
|ᱴᱮᱵᱞᱮᱴᱳᱯ ᱜᱮᱢᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ &quot; ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱤᱢᱮᱭᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ &quot; ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dgf-award-2011&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Lucard |first=Alex |date=December 26, 2011 |title=Diehard GameFAN's 2011 Tabletop Gaming Awards |url=http://diehardgamefan.com/2011/12/26/diehard-gamefans-2011-tabletop-gaming-awards/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213084145/http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2011-nominees-and-winners/ |archive-date=February 13, 2019 |access-date=March 16, 2019 |website=[[Diehard GameFan]] |quote=With ''Vornheim'' you are really getting two products in one: a dark urban fantasy setting where the skin on snakes used as books and a simple but effective city generation system. When you combine the two, you end up with a book that transcends game editions and provides a memorable backdrop for any gaming session.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2012 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾
|ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠᱮᱰ
|&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱛᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞ &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;indiecade-award-2012&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=October 5, 2012 |title=IndieCade 2012 Indie Game Award Winners - The Complete List |url=https://indiegamereviewer.com/indiecade-2012-indie-game-award-winners-the-complete-list/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190301074800/https://indiegamereviewer.com/indiecade-2012-indie-game-award-winners-the-complete-list/ |archive-date=March 1, 2019 |access-date=February 28, 2019 |website=Indie Game Review}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|2014 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾
|ᱤᱱᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤ ᱡᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|&quot; ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ &quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;indie-rpg-award-2014&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2014 |title=Best Production, 2014 |url=http://www.indie-rpg-awards.com/2014/best_production.shtml |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160406102246/http://www.indie-rpg-awards.com/2014/best_production.shtml |archive-date=April 6, 2016 |access-date=March 16, 2019 |website=The Indie RPG Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |''ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱾''
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2015 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |ᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|' ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱮᱱᱪᱟᱨ + ' ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2015 |title=2015 ENnie Award Winners |url=http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2014-ennie-awards-nominees/2015-ennie-award-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503053518/http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2014-ennie-awards-nominees/2015-ennie-award-winners/ |archive-date=May 3, 2019 |access-date=February 28, 2019 |website=ENnie Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bc-ennies-2015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Helton |first=Christopher |date=August 1, 2015 |title=Bleeding Gen Con: Two Of The Best Four Days In Gaming |url=https://www.bleedingcool.com/2015/08/01/bleeding-gen-con-two-best-four-days-gaming/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151215202240/http://www.bleedingcool.com/2015/08/01/bleeding-gen-con-two-best-four-days-gaming/ |archive-date=December 15, 2015 |access-date=March 12, 2019 |website=[[Bleeding Cool]] |quote=The shocker of the awards was Zak Smith’s ''A Red &amp; Pleasant Land'', published by Finnish small press publisher ''Lamentations of the Flame Princess'', winning 2 gold and 2 silver ''ENnies'', including Best Writing and Best Setting.}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
|' ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ + ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ' ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ' ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2015&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;bc-ennies-2015&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016 ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱵᱽᱫᱚ
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |ᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|' ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱴᱳᱴᱳᱯᱷᱨᱤ + ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2016&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=2016 ENnie Award Winners |url=http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2014-ennie-awards-nominees/2015-ennie-award-winners/2016-ennie-award-winners/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190503163426/http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2014-ennie-awards-nominees/2015-ennie-award-winners/2016-ennie-award-winners/ |archive-date=May 3, 2019 |access-date=February 28, 2019 |website=ENnie Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''ᱢᱮᱡ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱱᱤᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱫᱩᱥᱟ''
|-
|' ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱤᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2016&quot; /&gt;
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2018 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |ᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ &quot; ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱼᱱᱚᱛᱤᱨᱚᱨᱚ + ᱥᱮᱴᱤᱝ + ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2018&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |year=2018 |title=2018 ENnie Noms and Winners |url=http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2018-nominations/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190413043015/http://www.ennie-awards.com/blog/about-us/2018-nominations/ |archive-date=April 13, 2019 |access-date=February 28, 2019 |website=ENnie Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |''ᱯᱷᱨᱳᱥᱴᱵᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱴᱤᱞᱮᱴᱰ''
|-
|&quot; Best Monster / Adversary &quot; ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱳᱞᱰ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ennies-2018&quot; /&gt;
|-
|}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==

* Zak Sabbath at IMDb
* Zak Sabbath at the Internet Adult Film Database 
* rpggeek. com ᱨᱮ [https://www.rpggeek.com/rpgdesigner/39331/zak-smith-i ᱡᱚᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ]{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ᱾
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]</text>
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    <title>ᱟᱨ. ᱥᱤ. ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱪ</title>
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[[ᱨᱮᱫ:202a_Mug_Shot_600x800_1999.jpg|thumb|᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱪ ᱾]]
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:R_C_Horsch_in_character_for_film_role,_2014.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱥ ᱥᱟᱨᱠᱟ ᱒᱐᱑᱔]]
ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱪ ('''ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱪ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱨᱮᱢᱱᱰ ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱪ''' ᱑᱙᱔᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱟᱨ , ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ , ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱥᱠᱳᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱹᱨᱮᱹᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱱᱳᱯᱷᱮᱨᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱣᱳᱯᱮᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱡᱳᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱳᱼᱢᱟᱥᱳᱪᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱕᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱶᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Neikrug 2&quot;&gt;''Sex,'' by John Spayde, Utne Reader, September–October 1994, p24-25&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱮᱱᱥ ᱵᱮᱞᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱯᱟᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱯᱞᱮᱛᱷᱳᱨᱯᱮᱣ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Maes&quot;&gt;{{Cite journal|last=Hans Maes|date=2009|title=Who Says Pornography Can't Be Art?|url=https://www.academia.edu/3566627|journal=Art and Pornography: Philosophical Essays|location=Oxford|publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]|pages=26–27}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱼᱵᱩᱫᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱤᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱱᱤᱱᱚᱫᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Campbell&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=RC Horsch at LAXposed &amp;#124; Clayton Campbell |url=http://claytoncampbell.com/writing/published-reviews/rc-horsch-at-laxposed |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20141105204953/http://claytoncampbell.com/writing/published-reviews/rc-horsch-at-laxposed |archive-date=5 November 2014 |access-date=3 February 2022 |website=claytoncampbell.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Crimmins&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=18 June 2014 |title=Ray Horsch's Transgressions at The Papermill (NSFW) |url=http://www.theartblog.org/2014/06/ray-horschs-transgressions-at-the-papermill/ |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Artblog |archive-date=2016-08-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810113636/http://www.theartblog.org/2014/06/ray-horschs-transgressions-at-the-papermill/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Citi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=3 June 2014 |title=Naked prostitutes and heroin: Is the R.C. Horsch exhibit in Kensington art or porn — or a catalog of victims? :: Blogs :: The Naked City :: Philadelphia City Paper |url=http://citypaper.net/Blogs/Naked-prostitutes-and-heroin-Is-the-RC-Horsch-exhibit-in-Kensington-art-or-porn-mdash-or-a-catalog-of-victims/ |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Citypaper.net |archive-date=2015-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002022349/http://citypaper.net/Blogs/Naked-prostitutes-and-heroin-Is-the-RC-Horsch-exhibit-in-Kensington-art-or-porn-mdash-or-a-catalog-of-victims/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Bizarre&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=Health &amp; Fitness Magazine &amp;#124; Workout Mix |url=http://www.bizarremag.com/fetish/interviews/3950/rc_horsch_heroin_erotica.html?xc=1 |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Bizarremag.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ==
ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱭᱢᱚᱱᱰ ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱦᱳᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱔᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱱᱥᱤᱞᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱴᱨᱚᱰᱥᱵᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Birth&quot;&gt;Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Department of Vital Records, File No. 078583-1943&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ , ᱵᱟᱯᱴᱤᱥᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱛᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ , ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ 1933 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Baptismal&quot;&gt;Record of Baptism, St. John's Lutheran Church, 9 N 9th Street, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱴᱱᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱚᱴ ᱰᱚᱡᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱗᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱨᱟᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱟᱭᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱡᱤᱝ (᱑᱙᱗᱒-᱑᱙᱗᱕), ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱡᱤᱝ (᱑᱙᱗᱔), ᱢᱟᱱᱩᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨᱞᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱥ (᱑᱙᱗᱗), ᱡᱚᱥᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ (᱑᱙᱗᱗-᱑᱙᱘᱔), ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱗) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜᱩᱭᱟᱱᱟ (᱒᱐᱐᱙) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱗-᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱗-᱑᱙᱗᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱮᱢᱯᱷᱮᱴᱟᱢᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ (ᱱᱚᱵᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Federal Statute of Limitations in Title 18, USC&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;U.S. Const. Amends. V, VI and XIV&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱟ (2001ᱼ2003) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ (2009ᱼ2009) ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ 1975ᱼ1976ᱼ1984ᱼ1989 ᱟᱨ 2009ᱼ2013 ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 23 ᱡᱩᱱ 2013 ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱪ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Federal Presentence Report&quot;&gt;''Presentence Investigation Report,'' Docket No. 09-00794-01, prepared by Brett A. White, U.S. Probation Officer, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, March 7, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱦᱟᱨᱥ ᱫᱚ 145ᱼ160 ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱼᱵᱤᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱧᱡ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ 1985 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱣᱳᱯᱮᱛᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱱᱚᱭᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱠᱤᱡᱳᱯᱷᱨᱤᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱼᱵᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ , ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱞᱟᱱ ᱠᱞᱤᱱᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱰᱨᱮᱯᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Federal Presentence Report&quot;&gt;''Presentence Investigation Report,'' Docket No. 09-00794-01, prepared by Brett A. White, U.S. Probation Officer, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, March 7, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱜᱤᱱᱡᱤᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱨᱥ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱠᱟᱥᱳ ᱮᱴᱤᱝᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱟᱢᱚᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ 1968 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱮᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱨᱟᱯᱷᱚᱴ ᱰᱮᱨᱯᱷᱚᱞᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱩᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱸᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱰᱨᱤᱱᱟᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱥᱤᱰᱤᱪ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱥᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱳᱵᱟᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱞᱟᱱᱥ ᱵᱮᱹᱥᱰᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱳᱣᱟᱨᱠᱥᱚᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱷ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱞᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

1970 ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 1973 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ' ᱫᱟ ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱭᱟᱨᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱪᱳᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱮᱡ ' ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱚᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱳᱱᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨᱡᱤᱱᱟ ᱥᱯᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;MCP IMDB&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Erotic Memoirs of a Male Chauvinist Pig (1973) |url=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0178414/ |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=IMDb.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rialto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 December 2013 |title=Ray Horsch: Sociopathic Villain |url=http://www.therialtoreport.com/2013/12/15/ray-horsch-sociopathic-villain-podcast-27/ |access-date=2016-06-26 |publisher=The Rialto Report |archive-date=2016-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160708201505/http://www.therialtoreport.com/2013/12/15/ray-horsch-sociopathic-villain-podcast-27/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ , ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱡᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱯᱞᱟᱥ (ᱮᱡᱚᱠᱩᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ) ᱥᱚᱴ ᱦᱳᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱦᱮᱭᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱢᱥ|ᱦᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱢᱥ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ 2006 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[Pleasure Productions|ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱳᱰᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ' ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ''ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱨᱠ'' ' ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤ ''ᱴᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ'' ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=streets of new york 10 - iafd.com - internet adult film database |url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=Streets+Of+New+York+10/year=1997/Streets_Of_New_York_10.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Iafd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=streets of new york 11 - iafd.com - internet adult film database |url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=Streets+Of+New+York+11/year=1997/Streets_Of_New_York_11.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Iafd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=streets of new york 6 - iafd.com - internet adult film database |url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=Streets+Of+New+York+6/year=1996/Streets_Of_New_York_6.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Iafd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=streets of new york 7 - iafd.com - internet adult film database |url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=Streets+Of+New+York+7/year=1996/Streets_Of_New_York_7.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Iafd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=streets of new york 8 - iafd.com - internet adult film database |url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=Streets+Of+New+York+8/year=1996/Streets_Of_New_York_8.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Iafd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=streets of new york 9 - iafd.com - internet adult film database |url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=Streets+Of+New+York+9/year=1997/Streets_Of_New_York_9.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Iafd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=new york taxi tales 7 - iafd.com - internet adult film database |url=http://www.iafd.com/title.rme/title=New+York+Taxi+Tales+7/year=1999/New_York_Taxi_Tales_7.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Iafd.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

1974 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ 10 ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱴ ᱱᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ 1976 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ 1980 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱳ ایئر ᱨᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱵᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱳᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱤᱭᱩ ᱮᱥ ᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱵᱤ ᱰᱤᱼ5 ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱼᱡᱮᱴ ᱵᱤᱨᱚᱛᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Federal Presentence Report&quot;&gt;''Presentence Investigation Report,'' Docket No. 09-00794-01, prepared by Brett A. White, U.S. Probation Officer, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, March 7, 2011&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reno&quot;&gt;''Reno '80,'' Reno Air Racing Association, 175 West Moana Lane, Reno, Nevada 89509, 1980, p58 (Sept 12,13,14 1980)&lt;/ref&gt; 


2009 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱨᱮᱯᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Biz Bits: Tips to save time and money this tax season |url=https://www.buckscountycouriertimes.com/article/20110113/NEWS/301139786}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Major drug bust in Chalfont {{!}} 6abc.com {{!}} 6abc Philadelphia {{!}} 6abc.com - 6abc Philadelphia |url=https://6abc.com/archive/6930702/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

2013 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱼᱫᱩᱛᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱭᱤᱱᱼᱵᱮᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ 15 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ 

== ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ==

* ''ᱮᱰᱢᱩᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱟᱰ ᱥᱮᱴᱟᱨᱛᱷᱳᱭᱮᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱲᱚᱜ'' ᱟᱱ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ , 1973 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱪᱩᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱥ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱤᱡᱽᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱪᱳᱵᱷᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ , 2013 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱵᱤᱠᱚᱥ ᱤᱱᱠ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟᱼᱢᱟᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱲᱦᱟᱼᱢᱤᱪᱩᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;MCP IMDB&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rialto&quot;/&gt;
* ''ᱢᱤᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱴᱮᱠᱥ ᱮ ᱞᱤᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤ ' 1973 ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ ' 1974 ' ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱪᱩᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱥ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱤᱡᱤᱡᱽ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* ᱯᱷᱟᱢᱮ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱵᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱠᱳ 1994 ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱨᱼᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ' ᱵᱷᱚᱞ 1: ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱭ ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ 1994 ' ᱾
* ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱢᱮᱴ ᱯᱳᱨᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤᱭᱩᱢ 2: ᱡᱮᱱᱤᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱥᱤᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ 1994 ᱯᱷᱟᱢᱮ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱵᱷᱥᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱠᱳ 1994 ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* ᱥᱞᱮᱵᱷᱚᱥᱼᱥᱤᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ 2003ᱼᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤ / ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱳ 2003 ᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Slaves 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2003-01-29 |title=Yahoo! Groups |url=https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/glenndanzigunofficialfanclub/conversations/messages/586 |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Groups.yahoo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Slaves 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=NYC: This Fri 5/13 Screening of &quot;Slaves&quot; |url=http://www.collarchat.com/m_101062/printable.htm |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Collarchat.com |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304082826/http://www.collarchat.com/m_101062/printable.htm |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2006 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤ / ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱳ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ ᱾
* 1998ᱼ2008 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ' ᱱᱟᱱᱟ ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ ' , 2008 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ' ᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤ ' / ' ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱳ ' ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Nina 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Fishtown.US - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |date= |title=Philadelphia Independent Film Festival at Liberties Walk &amp;#124; Fishtown.US - Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |url=http://fishtown.us/oldsite/node/10145 |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Fishtown.US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Nina 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008-05-06 |title=AVN - Presenting: Nina |url=http://business.avn.com/articles/Presenting-i-Nina-i-52552.html |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Business.avn.com |archive-date=2014-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106005445/http://business.avn.com/articles/Presenting-i-Nina-i-52552.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱣ'' ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱡᱳᱜᱽ ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ ' 2004ᱼ2016', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱹ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤ / ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱳ 2016 ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Deleted Scenes&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Deleted Scenes, a serial killer's video journal |url=https://www.vimeo.com/ondemand/serialkiller/ }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ' ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱴᱩᱨ 2018 ' , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 2018 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤ / ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱳ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Whore, an intimate and intense portrait of a marginalized human being&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Whore, an intimate and intense portrait |url=https://www.vimeo.com/ondemand/whore/ }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱼ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ'' ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤᱼᱥᱤᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱴᱤᱭᱩᱨ 2022ᱼ ᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤ / ᱮᱨᱟᱴᱳ 2022 ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

* ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱨᱚᱜ ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟ 224 E 68 ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱤᱴ 10021 ᱵᱳᱭᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚᱼᱥᱴᱮᱴ 1ᱼ5 ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ&lt;ref name=&quot;Neikrug 2&quot;&gt;''Sex,'' by John Spayde, Utne Reader, September–October 1994, p24-25&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Neikrug 1&quot;&gt;''Photography in New York,'' 64 West 89th Street, New York, New York, 10024, September/October 1994, Volume 7, Number 1, Listing #106&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱴᱳ ᱫᱟ ᱯᱨᱩᱨᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱥᱴᱼᱞᱟᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱥᱼᱱᱮᱵᱷᱟᱰᱟᱼ2004ᱼᱞᱟᱥ &lt;ref name=&quot;Coleman 1&quot;&gt;''Fighting the Anesthetic: Foreplay with R. C. Hörsch,'' A. D. Coleman, in ''To the Prurient Interest, Volume I,'' 2003&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Coleman 2&quot;&gt;''Metaphysics Through the Skin: R.C. Hörsch’s Theater of Erotic Cruelty,'' A. D. Coleman, in ''To the Prurient Interest, Volume II,'' 2003&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Coleman 3&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=News Commentary « Photocritic International |url=http://www.nearbycafe.com/artandphoto/photocritic/category/news-commentary/ |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Nearbycafe.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ'' ᱢᱚᱱᱼᱞᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱡᱮᱞᱥᱼᱞᱤᱯᱷᱤᱱᱟ (2005) ᱨᱩᱢᱼ2005&lt;ref name=&quot;LAX 1&quot;&gt;''LA Exposed,'' Los Angeles Convention Center, 1201 S. Figueroa Street Los Angeles, California 90015, June 10–12, 2005&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rome 1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date= |title=Le provocazioni erotiche di R.C. Horsch. A Roma, da Mondo Bizzarro |url=http://www.exibart.com/notizia.asp?idcategoria=204&amp;IDNotizia=13745 |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Exibart.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rome 2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date= |title=R. C. Horsch Mondo Bizzarro Gallery Bologna |url=http://www.undo.net/it/mostra/27783 |access-date=2016-06-26 |website=Undo.net |archive-date=2014-11-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141106083431/http://www.undo.net/it/mostra/27783 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱮᱰᱮᱞᱟᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥᱞᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ 2014&lt;ref name=&quot;Crimmins&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Citi&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Papermill Gallery&quot;&gt;The Papermill Gallery, 2825 Ormes Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA., June 6–29, 2014 (See note 1)&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱮᱰᱮᱞᱟᱯᱷᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱮᱱᱤᱥᱞᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ 2014 ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ''ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱠᱚ ᱾''&lt;ref name=&quot;Crimmins&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Citi&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;The Papermill Gallery&quot; /&gt;

ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ

* ''ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ'' ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱩᱞ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱ ᱰᱵᱞᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱤᱭᱩᱥᱚᱱ (ᱚᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ 10ᱼᱥᱤᱯᱮᱰ ᱯᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱨᱠᱞᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱯᱷᱟᱨᱤᱱᱟ) 1 جنوری 1980 ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ISBN 978 - 0898150308
* ''Eroto ' To the Prurient Interest ''' vol. 1, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱪ ᱟᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱥᱤ / Eroto ' Philadelphia ' Pennsylvania ' 1st Edition August 1,2003 &lt;nowiki&gt;ISBN 9780972973106&lt;/nowiki&gt;
* ''Eroto'' ′ To the Prurient Interest ′′ ᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤᱭᱩᱢ 2′ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ Hörsch′ IMC/Eroto′ ′ Philadelphiaʼ Pennsylvaniaʼ 1st Edition August 1,2003 ISBN 978 - 0972973113
* Empathy: ᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱮᱛᱷᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱠᱤᱞᱟᱨ ' ᱟᱨ 
*

*
*

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==

* [http://www.eroto.com ᱦᱚᱨᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱳᱭᱮᱵᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱾] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230902000911/https://www.eroto.com/ |date=2023-09-02 }}
* [http://www.darkperfection.com/photographers/horsch/ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ 2008]
* [http://www.bizarremag.com/fetish/interviews/3950/rc_horsch_heroin_erotica.html?xc=1 ᱞᱩᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱴᱮᱵᱞᱟᱭᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱮᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱒᱐᱐᱖]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱠᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱰᱟᱞᱴ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱯᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱣᱟᱱᱴᱮᱰ (᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)</title>
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{{Infobox film|name=ᱣᱟᱱᱴᱮᱰ|image=|caption=Theatrical release poster|director=[[Stormy Daniels]]&lt;ref name=XBIZSeptember132015&gt;{{cite web|url= http://www.xbiz.com/news/198918|title= Stormy Daniels' Two-Disc Western 'Wanted' Now Shipping|accessdate= March 30, 2016|author= Stephen Yagielowicz|date= September 13, 2015|publisher= [[XBIZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;|starring=|studio=[[Wicked Pictures]]&lt;ref name=XBIZSeptember132015/&gt;&lt;br&gt;[[Adam &amp; Eve (company)|Adam &amp; Eve]]&lt;ref name=XBIZSeptember132015/&gt;|distributor=|released={{Film date|2015|09|16|ref1=&lt;ref name=XBIZSeptember132015/&gt;}}|runtime=179 minutes&lt;ref name=XBIZSeptember132015/&gt;|country=|language=}}

ᱣᱟᱱᱴᱮᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱢᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱞᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱤᱠᱰ ᱯᱤᱠᱪᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱮᱵᱷ ᱦᱚᱛᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱯᱞᱚᱴ ==
ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴ (ᱡᱚᱭ ᱠᱨᱤᱣ) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱳᱱᱚᱠ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱡᱳᱭᱟᱱᱟ (ᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱞᱵᱨᱤᱴ) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱚᱥᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Dan Miller |date=September 17, 2015 |title=Wicked Pictures, Adam &amp; Eve's 'Wanted' Receives Editor's Choice |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/199153 |access-date=March 30, 2016 |publisher=[[XBIZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱠᱟᱯ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱯᱤ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱜᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱞᱮᱴᱚᱱ ([[ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱨᱚᱭᱤᱠᱥ|ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱨᱟᱭᱠᱥ]]) ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱥᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱚᱡᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱱᱤᱭ (ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱢᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱞᱥ) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱩᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱭᱵᱞᱳ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱰᱤ (ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱱ) ᱼ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱫᱟᱱᱤ ᱜᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ (ᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱳᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱞᱟᱦ (ᱮᱞᱤ ᱦᱮᱡᱮ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ , ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱴᱤᱭ ᱜᱨᱟᱭᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱫᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱞᱮᱴᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱞᱮᱴᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ , ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱱ ([[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱨ]]) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱳᱱᱴᱤ ᱦᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱫᱟᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱭ ᱟᱨᱞᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱳᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱤᱴᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱚᱥᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱳᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱴᱤᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ , ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱱᱤᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱤ (ᱡᱳᱰᱤ ᱴᱮᱞᱟᱨ) ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ (ᱤᱭᱩᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ (ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ)|ᱵᱨᱟᱰ]] ᱟᱨᱢᱨᱟᱝ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt; ᱫᱟᱱᱤᱭ ᱥᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱞᱮᱴᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱠᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱹᱞ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱟᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ==

* ᱥᱮᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱞᱮᱴᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱨᱚᱭᱤᱠᱥ|ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱨᱟᱭᱠᱥ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot;/&gt;
* ᱡᱳᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱞᱵᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱯᱷᱮᱨᱮᱱᱠ ᱜᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱭ ᱠᱨᱤᱣ&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱯᱟᱨᱞ ᱜᱮᱨᱮᱴ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱥᱤᱠᱟ ᱰᱨᱮᱠ&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱫᱟᱱᱤ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱢᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱞᱥ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱵᱟᱨᱰᱤ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱥᱮᱢᱩᱭᱮᱞ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱞᱤᱞᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱨ|ᱵᱨᱮᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱨ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱰᱮᱞ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱵᱵᱚᱞᱥ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱱᱟᱥ ᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱞᱤᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱛᱚᱡᱟᱭ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱴᱚᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ|ᱴᱟᱢᱤ ᱜᱩᱱᱟᱱ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱤᱞᱟ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱤ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱥᱮᱞᱤ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱰᱤ ᱴᱮᱞᱟᱨ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ (ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ)|ᱵᱨᱟᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱥᱴᱚᱨᱝ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱫᱟᱱᱤᱨ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱠᱞᱮᱭᱮᱱ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;
* ᱦᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱴᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot; /&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ==
ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱢᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱞᱥ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ 2015 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱙ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;AVNSeptember92015&quot; /&gt; ᱟᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱰᱩᱞᱥᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱳᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱵᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ , ᱯᱟᱢ ᱥᱯᱨᱤᱝᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱴᱟᱰᱮᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;AVNSeptember92015&quot; /&gt; ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱵᱽᱞᱳ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱨᱤᱡᱳᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱚᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱥᱟᱥ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZAugust32015&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=John Sanford |date=August 3, 2015 |title=Video: Wicked's 'Wanted' Music Video Debuts |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/197445 |access-date=March 30, 2016 |publisher=[[XBIZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱞᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;AVNSeptember92015&quot; /&gt; ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱤ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰᱤ ᱮᱯᱮᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱮᱠ ᱡᱮᱠᱵᱽᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZSeptember172015&quot;/&gt; [[ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ (ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ)|ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱥᱴᱚᱨᱝ]] ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱤᱭᱩᱢ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;AVNSeptember92015&quot; /&gt; [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱚᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;XBIZAugust32015&quot; /&gt;

== ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ==

=== ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱟᱹ ===
AdultDVDTalk. com ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ &quot; ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ &quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱳᱭᱮᱵᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱡᱳᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱤᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ&quot; ᱟᱨ &quot;ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ&quot; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱤᱠᱱᱟ. ᱢᱩᱵᱷᱤ ᱰᱤ.ᱵᱤ. ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱗᱘% ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱠᱳᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ IMDb ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖.᱕ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

=== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ===
{| class=&quot;infobox&quot; style=&quot;width: 25em; text-align: left; font-size: 90%; vertical-align: middle;&quot;
|+&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9pt&quot;&gt;'''ᱳᱣᱟᱱᱴᱰ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱤᱠᱟ'''&lt;/span&gt; 
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |
{| class=&quot;collapsible collapsed&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #D9E8FF; text-align: center;&quot; |ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱾
|-
|- style=&quot;background:#d9e8ff; text-align:center;&quot;
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |'''ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#cec; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;&quot; |'''ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾'''
| style=&quot;text-align:center; background:#fcd; text-size:0.9em; width:50px;&quot; |'''ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱾'''
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; ᱮᱹᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|{{won|2}}
|{{nom|9}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱢᱳᱵᱷᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|0}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; ᱮᱠᱥᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|{{won|5}}
|{{nom|12}}
|-
| style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; ᱮᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱳ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
|{{won|1}}
|{{nom|1}}
|}
|- style=&quot;background:#d9e8ff;&quot;
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; |
; '''ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ'''
|-
|{{won|'''Totals'''}}
|{{won|'''9'''}}
|{{nom|'''22'''}}
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ᱮᱹᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾
!ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱾
!ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾
!ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ ᱾
|-
| rowspan=&quot;11&quot; |2016 ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱵᱽᱫᱚ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2016 AVN AWARD NOMINATIONS |url=http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/8 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120162020/http://avnawards.avn.com/pages/8 |archive-date=November 20, 2015 |access-date=March 30, 2016 |publisher=AVN Awards}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱢᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱞᱥ
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡᱼᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱾
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱾
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾
|ᱡᱮᱠ ᱡᱮᱠᱵᱟᱥ ᱾
|-
| {{won}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟ ᱾
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱚᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾
|ᱢᱤᱥᱥ ᱾ ᱮᱠᱥᱮᱞ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱮᱠᱥ ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱥ ᱾
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱼᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱨᱡᱚᱠ ᱾
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{won}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱩᱱᱰᱴᱨᱟᱠ
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱦᱮᱸᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠ ᱾
|ᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱢᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨᱥᱚᱱ
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
|ᱚᱢᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱ
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱢᱳᱵᱷᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾
!ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱾
!ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾
|-
|2015 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bob Johnson |date=October 12, 2015 |title=NightMoves Awards Winners Announced |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/200007 |access-date=March 30, 2016 |publisher=[[XBIZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{won}}
|ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱾
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+XBIZ Awards
!Year
!Result
!Award
!Recipient(s)
|-
| rowspan=&quot;17&quot; |2016&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Rhett Pardon |date=January 16, 2016 |title=2016 XBIZ Award Winners Announced |url=http://www.xbiz.com/news/203206 |access-date=March 30, 2016 |publisher=[[XBIZ]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=2016 Nominees |url=http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php |access-date=March 30, 2016 |publisher=XBIZ Awards |archive-date=October 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101433/http://xbizawards.xbiz.com/nominees.php |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| {{won}}
|Feature Movie of the Year
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{won}}
|Director of the Year – Feature Release
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |Stormy Daniels
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Actress – Feature Release
|-
| {{nom}}
|Screenplay of the Year
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Actor – Feature Release
|[[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱨ|Brendon Miller]]
|-
| {{won}}
|Best Actor – Feature Release
|[[ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱨᱚᱭᱤᱠᱥ|Steven St. Croix]]
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Supporting Actress
|Anikka Albrite
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Supporting Actress
|Amber Rayne
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Supporting Actor
|Eric Masterson
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Sex Scene – Feature Release
|Stormy Daniels &amp; [[ᱵᱽᱨᱮᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱨ|Brendon Miller]]
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Sex Scene – Feature Release
|Jodi Taylor &amp; Eric Masterson
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Cinematography
|Jake Jacobs
|-
| {{won}}
|Best Art Direction
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Special Effects
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{won}}
|Best Music
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{nom}}
|Best Editing
|Mrs. Braun, Axel Braun &amp; Alex Sanders
|-
| {{nom}}
|Marketing Campaign of the Year
| {{n/a}}
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ᱮᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤ ᱳ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱾
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱾
!ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱾
!ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ ᱾
!ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ ᱾
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |2016 ᱠᱷᱤᱥᱴᱟᱵᱽᱫᱚ
| {{won}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱮᱯᱤᱠ ᱾
| {{n/a}}
|-
| {{nom}}
|ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾
|ᱥᱴᱳᱨᱢᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱞᱥ
|}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
&lt;references group=&quot;&quot; responsive=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;/references&gt;
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ]]</text>
      <sha1>kjfxljgjn9jwpqay3yge4j0uxyy38ob</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱟᱱᱩᱡᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱛᱷᱩᱴᱴᱩ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>26168</id>
    <revision>
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      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
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      <text bytes="8192" sha1="i17s5e1o0fahtktkp2h3bfvzzpeov6w" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox writer
| name          = ᱟᱱᱩᱡᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱛᱷᱩᱴᱴᱩ
| birth_name    = ᱟᱱᱩᱡᱟ ᱮ. ᱨ. 
| native_name   = 
| image         = [[File:Anuja Akathoottu.jpg]]
| imagesize     = 
| caption       = 
| birth_date    = {{birth year and age|1987|07}}
| birth_place   = [[Paipra]], [[Ernakulam district]], [[Kerala]], [[India]]
| occupation    = ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱭᱴᱤᱥ
| nationality   = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| alma_mater    = 
| genre         = ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ
| notableworks  = ''ᱟᱢᱟ ᱩᱨᱩᱝᱱᱤᱞᱞᱟ''
| education     = [[PhD]] in Agricultural Economics
| spouse        = Muhammad Aslam M.K.
| children      = 
| parents       = [[Paipra Radhakrishnan]] &lt;br/&gt; [[Nalini Bekal]]
| awards        = [[ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ]] [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]], ONV Yuva Sahitya Puraskaram
| website       = 
}}
'''ᱟᱱᱩᱡᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱛᱷᱩᱴᱴᱩ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ''ᱟᱢᱟ ᱩᱨᱩᱝᱱᱤᱞᱞᱟ'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ [[ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]] ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ==
ᱟᱱᱩᱡᱟ ᱮ. ᱨ. &lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute |url=https://www.cmfri.org.in/staff-popup/anuja-ar |website=www.cmfri.org.in |access-date=2024-01-28 |archive-date=2023-06-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230602211049/https://www.cmfri.org.in/staff-popup/anuja-ar |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱨᱱᱟᱠᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱵᱚᱛᱟᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱯᱟᱭᱯᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱭᱯᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱠᱚᱞ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Malayath Appunni, Anuja Akathootu selected for Sahitya Akademi award |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2019/jun/15/malayath-appunni-anuja-akathootu-selected-for-sahitya-akademi-award-1990312.html |work=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title='അമ്മ ഉറങ്ങുന്നില്ല' അനുജ അകത്തൂട്ട് എഴുതിയ കവിത |url=https://www.asianetnews.com/literature-magazine/anuja-akathuttu-poem-amma-urangunnilla-pvk44h |work=Asianet News Network Pvt Ltd |language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱰ ᱦᱟᱨᱴ, ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱥᱩᱨ, ᱞᱤᱴᱞ ᱯᱷᱞᱚᱣᱟᱨ, ᱢᱩᱵᱟᱴᱟᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱴ. ᱚᱜᱩᱥᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱢᱩᱵᱟᱴᱟᱯᱩᱡᱷᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠᱩᱞᱚᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ. (ᱜᱨᱤᱠᱩᱞᱚᱨᱤ) ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠᱩᱞᱚᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ, [[ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱤ.ᱡᱤ. ᱟᱨᱤ. ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱭᱩᱝ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Keralaliterature&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=അനുജ അകത്തൂട്ട് |url=http://keralaliterature.com/malayalam-writers-%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82-%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D/%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9C-%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D/ |website=Keralaliterature.com |date=14 October 2017|language=ml}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱱᱩᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ, [[ᱠᱚᱪᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱞᱮᱜᱨᱟᱞ/ᱯᱷᱤᱥᱨᱤ ᱮᱠᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱟᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱣᱮᱴᱚᱨᱤᱱᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
* ᱟᱢᱢᱟ ᱩᱨᱩᱝᱜᱩᱱᱱᱤᱞᱞᱟ (ᱠᱳᱣᱮᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ), ᱰᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱵᱩᱠᱥ, ᱠᱚᱴᱴᱟᱭᱚᱢ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱚᱨᱳᱢᱚᱭᱩᱫᱷ ᱵᱚᱥᱛᱨᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞ (ᱠᱩᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ), Current Books, Thrissur&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱯᱳᱛᱷᱩᱵᱚᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱮᱞᱟᱱᱚᱢ (ᱠᱩᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ), ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱸᱴ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ, ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱥᱥᱩᱨ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱩ&lt;ref name=&quot;Keralaliterature&quot;/&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ==
* ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱦᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱭᱩᱵᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱥᱠᱟᱨ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱳᱱᱹᱮᱹᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱡᱩᱣᱮᱸᱴ ᱞᱤᱴᱮᱨᱮᱪᱚᱨ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=ഒഎൻവി സാഹിത്യപുരസ്‌കാരം എം ടിക്ക്‌ |url=https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/onv-mt-vasudevan-nair/722696 |work=Deshabhimani |language=ml |access-date=2024-01-28 |archive-date=2023-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230402014441/https://www.deshabhimani.com/news/kerala/onv-mt-vasudevan-nair/722696 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱵᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱨ ᱛᱩᱸᱪᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱵᱤ. ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱵᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱩᱨᱩᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=അനുജ അകത്തൂട്ടിന് കേന്ദ്ര സാഹിത്യ അക്കാദമി പുരസ്‌കാരം; ബാലസാഹിത്യത്തില്‍ മലയത്ത് അപ്പുണ്ണി |url=https://www.chandrikadaily.com/anuja-akathoot-and-malayath-appunni-get-central-award.html |work=Chandrika Daily |language=ml |access-date=2024-01-28 |archive-date=2025-03-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250318121518/https://www.chandrikadaily.com/anuja-akathoot-and-malayath-appunni-get-central-award.html |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

* ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱚᱯᱯᱤᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱟᱭᱭᱟᱯᱯᱟ ᱯᱟᱱᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱯᱳᱭᱮᱴᱨᱤ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱭᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱥ-ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱳᱭᱮᱴᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱚᱝᱜᱚᱱᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

* ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹ&lt;ref name=&quot;Chandrika Daily&quot;/&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==</text>
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    <title>ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ</title>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>3665</id>
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      <comment>Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>198068</origin>
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{{Infobox musical artist|honorific_prefix=|Name=ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ|image=Kavita Paudwal Tulpule.jpg|image_size=|Landscape=&lt;!-- yes, if wide image, otherwise leave blank --&gt;|alt=|caption=|native_name=|native_name_lang=|Birth_name=ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ|Alias=|birth_place=|Origin=|Occupation=ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ|Instrument=Vocalist|Years_active=1984–ᱱᱤᱛ}}

'''ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ ᱛᱩᱞᱯᱩᱞ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ 1974) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.livehindustan.com/entertainment/story-without-talent-no-one-can-move-forward-says-kavita-paudwal-1706530.html|title=नाम चलता है लेकिन टैलेंट के बगैर काम नहीं चलता: कविता पौडवाल|last=Semwal|first=Neha|date=20 December 2017|publisher=[[Hindustan (newspaper)|Hindustan]]|language=Hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/170825-each-one-has-different-connection-ganeshji|title=Each one has a different connection with Ganeshji: Kavita Paudwal|date=25 August 2017|work=Radioandmusic.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://urbanasian.com/music/2014/05/kavita-paudwal-launches-her-latest-romantic-number-dil-ki-baatein/|title=Kavita Paudwal launches her latest romantic number, 'Dil Ki Baatein'!|date=10 May 2014|publisher=&quot;UrbanAsian.com&quot;}}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/music/news/anup-jalota-kavita-paudwal-among-other-singers-to-jazz-up-ganeshotsav-in-nyc/articleshow/77680185.cms|title=Anup Jalota, Kavita Paudwal among other singers to jazz up Ganeshotsav in NYC|date=21 August 2020|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱚᱵᱤᱛ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ''ᱜᱟᱭᱚᱛᱛᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱚ'',''ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱠᱷᱤ ᱾'' ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱨᱩᱴᱵᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭ 40 ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱞᱵᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;zee&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://zeenews.india.com/music/kavita-paudwal-wants-to-do-playback-for-priyanka-chopra-deepika-padukone_1961064.html|title=Kavita Paudwal wants to do playback for Priyanka Chopra, Deepika Padukone|date=23 December 2016|publisher=[[Zee News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.radioandmusic.com/entertainment/editorial/news/170515-my-mothers-guidance-most-important-me|title=My mother's guidance most important to me|date=15 May 2017|publisher=&quot;Radioandmusic.com&quot;}}&lt;/ref&gt;1995 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱛᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱟᱭᱭᱟ ᱾''(1995), ''ᱢᱤᱨᱪ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ'' (1996) ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱞᱤ ᱟᱭ ᱞᱚᱵ ᱤᱭᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱴ ᱥᱮᱹᱨᱮᱹᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.amarujala.com/photo-gallery/entertainment/bollywood/this-is-singer-anuradha-paudwal-s-daughter-now-in-this-condition|title=यह है सिंगर अनुराधा पौडवाल की खूबसूरत बेटी, बॉलीवुड में नहीं मिल रहा काम, ऐसे कर रहीं गुजारा|date=2018-04-23|publisher=[[Amar Ujala]]|language=Hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;hansindia&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/featured/sunday-hans/a-spiritual-connection-to-music-522733|title=A spiritual connection to music|date=21 April 2019|publisher=[[The Hans India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.bhaskar.com/news/CHH-BIL-MAT-latest-bilaspur-news-024503-1056520-NOR.html|title=लंबे समय तक टिके रहने रियाज जरूरी, वरना पानी के बुलबुले तो उठते रहते हैं: कविता|date=22 December 2014|publisher=[[Dainik Bhaskar]]|location=Bilaspur|language=Hindi}}&lt;/ref&gt;  ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱭᱩᱰ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱫᱽᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ''ᱛᱟᱦᱯᱷᱟ'' (1984)''ᱡᱩᱱᱩᱱ''  (1992)''ᱯᱷᱩᱞ ᱵᱳᱱᱮ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱷᱟᱨ ᱾''(1998) ''ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱ''(1984) ᱟᱨ ''ᱟᱱᱜᱟᱨᱟᱭ''(1998) ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indianfilmhistory&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2021 |title=Kavita Paudwal's Filmography |url=https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/celebrity/filmography/kavita-paudwal |website=IndianFilmHistory.com |access-date=2024-02-04 |archive-date=2024-11-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241127034337/https://www.indianfilmhistory.com/celebrity/filmography/kavita-paudwal |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;cinestaan&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kavita Paudwal |url=https://www.cinestaan.com/people/kavita-paudwal-70426 |website=Cinestaan.com |access-date=2024-02-04 |archive-date=2021-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210924175421/https://www.cinestaan.com/people/kavita-paudwal-70426 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮᱞᱵᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ, ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱜᱩ, ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ, ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ, ᱜᱩᱡᱨᱟᱴᱤ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ, ᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;zee&quot;/&gt;

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱡᱤ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ragalahari&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.ragalahari.com/localevents/186518/kavitha-paudwal-performs-at-hyderabad-on-the-eve-of-mahavir-jayanthi.aspx|title=Kavitha Paudwal - Versatile Singer Performed at Hyderabad on the Eve of Mahavir Jayanthi|date=17 April 2019|publisher=Ragalahari|location=Hyderabad, India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ  ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱨᱮᱠ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱥᱪ ᱥᱩᱠᱚᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱰᱤᱜᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;hansindia&quot;/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ  ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱞᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱥᱚᱱᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱨᱮᱥ ᱳᱭᱟᱰᱠᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱚᱱᱩᱱ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱱᱩᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱰᱣᱟᱞ|ᱚᱱᱩᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱚᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱚᱨᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;zee&quot;/&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
13 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱮᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱴ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱱᱩᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ 16 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤᱛᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱦᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱞᱚᱠᱠᱷᱤᱠᱟᱱᱛᱚᱼᱯᱟᱭᱚᱨᱮᱞᱟᱞ,ᱚᱱᱩ ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱾, ᱵᱟᱯᱯᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱡᱳᱞ, ᱟᱭᱥᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱪᱪᱚᱱ, ᱥᱳᱱᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱳᱱᱫᱨᱮ, [[ᱯᱩᱡᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱴ|ᱯᱩᱡᱟ ᱵᱚᱴ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱴᱤᱼ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ 40 ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ  ᱦᱨᱤᱦᱚᱨᱚᱱ,ᱥᱩᱱᱩ ᱱᱟᱜᱚᱢ ᱾, ᱡᱟᱵᱮᱫᱽ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ragalahari&quot;/&gt;

ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ''ᱛᱟᱦᱯᱷᱟ'' (1984) ᱼᱵᱷᱚᱵᱷᱚᱱᱟᱣ (1984) ''ᱚᱢᱪᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱨᱠᱷᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱪ ᱾''(1990) ''ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱟ'' (1995) ''ᱯᱷᱩᱞ ᱵᱳᱱᱮ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱷᱟᱨ'' (1998) ᱼᱢᱚᱨᱛᱪᱚᱜᱟᱱ (1997) ᱼᱢᱤᱱᱥᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱵᱷᱩ (1997) ''ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱠᱟᱨᱤ'' (1997) ᱼᱟᱱᱜᱟᱨᱮ (1998) ᱼᱞᱚᱵ ᱤᱭᱩ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱥᱟ (2001) ᱼ ᱟᱨ ''ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱭᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ 1'' (2001)  ᱼ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;cinestaan&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;indianfilmhistory&quot;/&gt;

2019 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱨᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱫᱟᱱᱩᱪᱟ ᱡᱩᱞᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱷᱜᱤᱛ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱱᱠᱡ ᱳᱫᱷᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/music/ghazal-maestro-pankaj-udhas-makes-marathi-musical-debut-with-anuradha-paudwal-s-daughter-kavita/story-Jihoq1YaNOeRrGKF22nHRO.html|title=Ghazal maestro Pankaj Udhas makes Marathi musical debut with Anuradha Paudwal's daughter Kavita|date=21 November 2019|work=[[Hindustan Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==

; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ &lt;ref name=&quot;indianfilmhistory&quot;/&gt; &lt;ref name=&quot;cinestaan&quot;/&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
!ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ 
!ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ 
!ᱠᱨᱮᱰᱤᱴ 
|-
|2010
|''ᱛᱩᱵ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|2001
|''ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱭᱤᱱ ᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ 1''
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|2001
|''ᱟᱢ ᱤᱧ ᱤᱧᱧᱟᱢᱮᱥᱟ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|2001
|''ᱡᱤᱱᱫᱚᱜᱤ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1998
|''ᱟᱱᱜᱟᱨᱟᱭ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1997
|''ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱠᱟᱨᱤ''
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1997
|''ᱢᱤᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱵᱷᱩ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1997
|''ᱨᱚᱛᱪᱚᱜᱟᱱ''
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1996
|''ᱡᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱠᱠᱷᱤᱱᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱤᱢᱟᱭ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1998
|''ᱯᱷᱩᱞ ᱵᱳᱱᱮ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱷᱟᱨ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1995
|''ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱟ ᱦᱳ ᱡᱟᱢᱞᱟ''
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1993
|''ᱠᱩᱱᱠᱩ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ 
|-
|1992
|''ᱡᱩᱱᱩᱱ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1990
|''ᱚᱢᱪᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱨᱠᱷᱮ ᱟᱢᱤᱪ''
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1984
|''ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱚᱱ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|-
|1984
|''ᱛᱟᱦᱯᱷᱟ'' 
|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱜᱚᱞ 
|}

== ᱮᱞᱵᱟᱢ ==

== ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ  [[ᱚᱱᱩᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱰᱣᱟᱞ|ᱚᱱᱩᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱩᱱ ᱯᱩᱫᱳᱣᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/anuradha-paudwals-composer-son-dies-of-kidney-failure-at-35/articleshow/78085423.cms|title=Anuradha Paudwal's son Aditya dies of kidney failure at 35|date=13 September 2020|work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ (ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ)</title>
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{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ
| image              = File:Kumkum.jpeg
| image_size         = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = ᱡᱟᱭᱵᱩᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1934|4|22|df=y}}
| birth_place        = Hussainabad of [[Sheikhpura]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Bihar]], [[British India]]
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2020|7|28|1934|4|22|df=y}}
| death_place        = ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| occupation         = ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| years_active       = 1954–1973
| spouse             = ᱥᱟᱡᱡᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ
| children           = Andaleeb Sajjad Khan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://m.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/actress-kumkum-biography-1595936166-1 |title='Mother India' Actress Kumkum Biography: Birth, Death, Family, Films, Bollywood and Bhojpuri Career |date=28 July 2020 |website=Jagranjosh.com }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ '''ᱡᱚᱭᱵᱩᱱᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ''' 22 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 1934ᱼ28 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=86 की उम्र में अभिनेत्री कुमकुम का निधन, किशोर कुमार और गुरु दत्त के संग किया था काम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/kumkum-actress-passes-away-at-the-age-of-86 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ  'ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ' (1964) 'ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ' (1957) 'ᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ' (1962) 'ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱱᱩᱨ' (1960) 'ᱚᱡᱟᱞᱟ', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱨ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱛᱩᱥ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', 'ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱮᱨᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱩᱴᱮᱨᱟ', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱚᱨᱮᱱ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '''ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱝᱠ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', 'ᱚᱱᱠᱷᱮᱱ' (1968) 'ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱟᱨ', 'ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ' ᱟᱨ 'ᱮᱠ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱮᱠ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=7034|title=In the name of the father|date=16 January 2004|work=[[Screen Weekly]]|access-date=31 August 2010|archive-date=17 December 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217232335/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=7034|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱨᱳ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱳᱴᱤᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

[[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱭᱭᱟ ᱛᱳᱦᱮ ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱫᱟᱭᱵᱳ (1963) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;exp&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/strong-at-50-bhojpuri-cinema-celebrates/749762/0|title=Strong at 50, Bhojpuri cinema celebrates|date=14 February 2011|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 July 2020 |title=Actor Kumkum passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/actor-kumkum-dead-652740/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱚᱭᱵᱩᱱᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱠᱷᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱡᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱷᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱡᱡᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ 1995 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ 23 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱼᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱞᱤᱵ ᱥᱟᱡᱡᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱾

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱛᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ '''ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 'ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱛᱮᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱡᱟᱨ' ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱳᱯᱨᱳᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱛᱛ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱥᱟ'' (1957) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱥᱤ ᱟᱭ ᱰᱤ'' (1956) ᱼ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ &quot;ᱤᱭᱮ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱱ&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱾''(1956) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ''ᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ'' (1959) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱞᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱱᱩᱨ'' (1960) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 'ᱢᱩᱫᱩᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱫᱤᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ' ᱟᱨ 'ᱦᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱫᱩᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱤᱞ, ᱦᱚᱡᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱞ', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 'ᱱᱳᱥᱚᱫ' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱷᱳᱥᱞᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ, ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱛᱩᱥ, ᱦᱚᱭᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱴᱤᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ' ᱼ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ 'ᱢᱮᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱦᱵᱩᱵ ᱠᱟᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱦᱳᱜᱤ' ᱼᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ &quot;ᱠᱷᱩᱵᱥᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱱᱟ&quot;,''ᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱾'' &quot;&quot; ᱟᱭᱡᱟᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱳ ᱛᱳ &quot;, ''ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱛᱩᱥ''&quot; &quot;ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ&quot; ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱨᱮᱱ &quot;&quot; ᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱭ &quot;&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨᱼᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱡᱳᱴᱤᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩᱥᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ==
ᱜᱳᱝᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱭᱭᱟ ᱛᱳᱦᱮ ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱫᱟᱭᱵᱳ (1962) ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ' ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱤᱡᱤᱛ ᱜᱳᱥ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ 'ᱞᱚᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ ᱨᱟᱢ' (1963ᱼᱵᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱫᱟ ᱱᱟᱫᱟᱱ ' (1964ᱼᱱᱟᱭᱦᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱭᱮ' (1964) 'ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱤ' (1965ᱼ665) ᱟᱨ 'ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ' (1965) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ &quot;ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱡ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&quot;, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱜᱳᱥ ᱾

== ᱜᱩᱨ ==
ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ 2020 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱘ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 86 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://m.timesofindia.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mother-india-actress-kumkum-passes-away-at-86/amp_articleshow/77218393.cms|title='Mother India' actress Kumkum passes away at 86|date=28 July 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==</text>
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{{Infobox person
| name               = ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ
| image              = File:Kumkum.jpeg
| image_size         = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = ᱡᱟᱭᱵᱩᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1934|4|22|df=y}}
| birth_place        = Hussainabad of [[Sheikhpura]], [[Bihar and Orissa Province|Bihar]], [[British India]]
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2020|7|28|1934|4|22|df=y}}
| death_place        = ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| occupation         = ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| years_active       = 1954–1973
| spouse             = ᱥᱟᱡᱡᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ
| children           = Andaleeb Sajjad Khan&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://m.jagranjosh.com/general-knowledge/actress-kumkum-biography-1595936166-1 |title='Mother India' Actress Kumkum Biography: Birth, Death, Family, Films, Bollywood and Bhojpuri Career |date=28 July 2020 |website=Jagranjosh.com }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ '''ᱡᱚᱭᱵᱩᱱᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ''' 22 ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ 1934ᱼ28 ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 2020) &lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=86 की उम्र में अभिनेत्री कुमकुम का निधन, किशोर कुमार और गुरु दत्त के संग किया था काम |url=https://www.amarujala.com/entertainment/bollywood/kumkum-actress-passes-away-at-the-age-of-86 |website=Amar Ujala |language=hi}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ  'ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ' (1964) 'ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ' (1957) 'ᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ' (1962) 'ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱱᱩᱨ' (1960) 'ᱚᱡᱟᱞᱟ', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱟᱣᱩᱨ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱛᱩᱥ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', 'ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱮᱨᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱩᱴᱮᱨᱟ', '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱚᱨᱮᱱ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', '''ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱝᱠ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;', 'ᱚᱱᱠᱷᱮᱱ' (1968) 'ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱟᱨ', 'ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ' ᱟᱨ 'ᱮᱠ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱮᱠ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ' ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=7034|title=In the name of the father|date=16 January 2004|work=[[Screen Weekly]]|access-date=31 August 2010|archive-date=17 December 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041217232335/http://www.screenindia.com/fullstory.php?content_id=7034|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱤᱨᱳ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱳᱴᱤᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

[[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱭᱭᱟ ᱛᱳᱦᱮ ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱫᱟᱭᱵᱳ (1963) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;exp&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/strong-at-50-bhojpuri-cinema-celebrates/749762/0|title=Strong at 50, Bhojpuri cinema celebrates|date=14 February 2011|work=[[The Indian Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=28 July 2020 |title=Actor Kumkum passes away |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/bollywood/actor-kumkum-dead-652740/}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱚᱭᱵᱩᱱᱱᱤᱥᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱠᱷᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱥᱮᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱡᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱵ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱠᱷᱩᱨᱥᱤᱫᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱳ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱡᱡᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ 1995 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ 23 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱼᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱼᱥᱟᱭᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱱᱫᱟᱞᱤᱵ ᱥᱟᱡᱡᱟᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱾

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ==
ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱛᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ '''ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨ''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ 'ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱯᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱛᱮᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱡᱟᱨ' ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱸᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱥᱳᱯᱨᱳᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱟᱛᱛ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱥᱟ'' (1957) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱥᱤ ᱟᱭ ᱰᱤ'' (1956) ᱼ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ &quot;ᱤᱭᱮ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱡᱟᱱ&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵ ᱾''(1956) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ''ᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱭᱮᱱ'' (1959) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱢᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱷ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱤᱛ ᱥᱚᱢᱵᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱞᱤᱯ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱱᱩᱨ'' (1960) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ 'ᱢᱩᱫᱩᱵᱚᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱨᱮᱫᱤᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ' ᱟᱨ 'ᱦᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱫᱩᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱤᱞ, ᱦᱚᱡᱤᱨ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱞ', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ 'ᱱᱳᱥᱚᱫ' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱷᱳᱥᱞᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ, ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱛᱩᱥ, ᱦᱚᱭᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱴᱤᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ' ᱼ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ 'ᱢᱮᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱦᱵᱩᱵ ᱠᱟᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛ ᱦᱳᱜᱤ' ᱼᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱯᱷᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱮᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱵᱳᱢᱵᱮ &quot;ᱠᱷᱩᱵᱥᱚᱨᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱤᱱᱟ&quot;,''ᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱨᱟ ᱫᱤᱞ ᱾'' &quot;&quot; ᱟᱭᱡᱟᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱳ ᱛᱳ &quot;, ''ᱥᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱛᱩᱥ''&quot; &quot;ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱ&quot; ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱠᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱨᱮᱱ &quot;&quot; ᱢᱟᱪᱚᱞᱛᱤ ᱦᱤᱭ &quot;&quot; ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱥᱳᱨᱼᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱡᱳᱴᱤᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱩᱥᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ==
ᱜᱳᱝᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱭᱭᱟ ᱛᱳᱦᱮ ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱫᱟᱭᱵᱳ (1962) ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱦᱤᱸᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱜ 'ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ' ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱤᱡᱤᱛ ᱜᱳᱥ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ 'ᱞᱚᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴ ᱨᱟᱢ' (1963ᱼᱵᱚᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱫᱟ ᱱᱟᱫᱟᱱ ' (1964ᱼᱱᱟᱭᱦᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱟᱞ ᱡᱚᱭᱮ' (1964) 'ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱤ' (1965ᱼ665) ᱟᱨ 'ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟ' (1965) ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱱᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ &quot;ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱭᱞᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱷᱚᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱡ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱦᱳᱭᱳᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&quot;, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱜᱳᱥ ᱾

== ᱜᱩᱨ ==
ᱠᱩᱢᱠᱩᱢ 2020 ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱘ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ 86 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/hindi/bollywood/news/mother-india-actress-kumkum-passes-away-at-86/articleshow/77218393.cms|title='Mother India' actress Kumkum passes away at 86|date=28 July 2020|work=The Times of India|access-date=2 February 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱳᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ ==

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱟᱣᱤᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>33284</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-21T07:24:26Z</timestamp>
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        <id>3665</id>
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      <text bytes="5938" sha1="5c1utu5dt761bdfxunkklvzbx161zp9" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox artist
| name = ᱥᱟᱣᱤᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ
| image = The Vice President, Mohammad Hamid Ansari going round the Painting Exhibitions of Shri Savi Sawarkar, organised by UGC, in New Delhi on April 17, 2008.jpg
| image_size =
| alt = 
| caption = ᱩᱯ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱟᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱤ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱷᱚᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ 
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1961}}
| birth_place = ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| nationality = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| education = ᱵᱮᱪᱮᱞᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ (ᱰᱨᱚᱭᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱴᱤᱝ), ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ
| alma_mater = ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱡᱤᱨᱟᱣ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱫᱟ (ᱯᱨᱤଣ୍ᱴᱢᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱮᱯᱷᱮ)
| known_for = ᱯᱮᱱᱴᱤᱝ, ᱯᱨᱤଣ୍ᱴᱢᱮᱠᱤᱝ
| notable_works = ''ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ'' (᱑᱙᱘᱖), ''ᱚᱱᱴᱟᱪᱮᱵᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱯᱚᱞ ᱣᱤᱛ ᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱣᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠᱟ''
| style = ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤᱥᱴ; ᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
| movement = ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱞᱟᱹᱝ
| spouse = 
| awards = 
| website = 
}}

'''ᱥᱟᱣᱤᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱖᱑) ('''ᱥᱟᱣᱤ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ|ᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ]] ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱵᱤᱥᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱔᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱠᱥᱤᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤ. ᱟᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱠᱟᱨ|ᱵᱤ. ᱟᱨ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱠᱟᱨ]]ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱚᱥᱚᱯᱷᱤ, ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱼᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Asian Social Forum: a new public space |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/article_1005jsp/ |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sivanarayanan |first=Anushiya |date=2004 |title=Tamil Nation &amp; Beyond - Translating Tamil Dalit Poetry |url=https://tamilnation.org/literature/dalit.pdf |access-date=2023-05-12 |website=tamilnation.org }}{{Dead link|date=September 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱥᱟᱣᱤᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ,ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱠᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱚᱪᱱᱟᱛᱢᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱪᱚᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱡ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟ. ᱟᱢᱵᱮᱫᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱮᱴ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱢᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱨᱚᱭᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱱᱴᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱪᱮᱞᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱡᱤᱨᱟᱣ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱫᱟ|ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱟᱡᱤᱨᱟᱣ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱚᱯᱷ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ (ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴ ᱢᱮᱠᱤᱝ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ۔ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱥᱟᱨᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴᱢᱮᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥ ᱵᱮᱠᱢᱮᱱ]], [[ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱣᱤᱡ|ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱣᱤᱡ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱴᱚ ᱰᱤᱠᱥ]] ᱾

== ᱯᱚᱨᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ ==
ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱞᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱛ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}
==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==</text>
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    <title>ᱜᱚᱜᱚᱱᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱟᱝ</title>
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{{Infobox scientist
| native_name      = ᱜᱚᱜᱚᱱᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱟᱝ
| native_name_lang = sat
| image            =
| image_size       =
| alt              =
| caption          =
| birth_name       =
| birth_date       = {{birth date and age|1962|11|03}}
| birth_place      = ᱥᱤᱢᱞᱟ
| death_date       =
| death_place      =
| death_cause      =
| region           = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| period           =
| fields           = [[Infectious disease|ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱬ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ]]
[[Vaccine|ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]]
[[Gut flora|ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱣᱟᱬ]]
[[Water|ᱫᱟᱜ]]
[[Sanitation|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ-ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱨᱪᱤ]]&lt;ref name=gs/&gt;
| title            =
| education        =
| alma_mater       = [[Christian Medical College, Vellore|ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱳᱨ]] (MBBS, MD, PhD)
| thesis_title     =
| thesis_url       =
| thesis_year      =
| school_tradition =
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| workplaces       = [[Christian Medical College, Vellore|ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱳᱨ]]
[[Baylor College of Medicine|ᱵᱮᱞᱳᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ]]
[[Translational Health Science and Technology Institute|ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱞᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ]]
| notable_works    =
| notable_ideas    =
| influences       =
| influenced       =
| awards           = [[Infosys Prize|ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]] (2016)
| website          = {{URL|http://cmcwtrl.in}}
| footnotes        =
}}
'''ᱜᱚᱜᱚᱱᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱟᱝ''' [[Fellow of the Royal Society|FRS]]&lt;ref name=frs/&gt; (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ (public health researcher) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[Gates Foundation|ᱜᱮᱴᱥ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ (enteric diseases), ᱰᱟᱭᱜᱽᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱡᱮᱱᱚᱢᱤᱠᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;E Kumar Sharma (15 November 2022), [https://www.financialexpress.com/healthcare/indias-ace-virologist-dr-gagandeep-kang-to-join-gates-foundation-as-director-global-health/2815918/ India's ace virologist Dr Gagandeep Kang to join Gates foundation as director, global health] ''[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]''.&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱠᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[Christian Medical College, Vellore|ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ (CMC), ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱳᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱜᱮᱥᱴᱨᱳ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱥᱴᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=gs&gt;{{Google scholar id}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Translational Health Science and Technology Institute|ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱞᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ (THSTI)]], ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱤᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱠᱩᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/prize/laureates/2016/gagandeep-kang.asp|title=Infosys Prize – Laureates 2016 – Prof. Gagandeep Kang|website=Infosys-science-foundation.com|language=en|access-date=2018-01-20|archive-date=2022-06-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630043918/https://www.infosys-science-foundation.com/prize/laureates/2016/gagandeep-kang.asp|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ [[Rotavirus vaccine|ᱨᱳᱴᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Royal Society|ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ (Fellow) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/gagandeep-kang-becomes-first-indian-woman-to-be-elected-royal-society-fellow/article26887069.ece|title=Gagandeep Kang becomes first Indian woman to be elected Royal Society Fellow|date=2019-04-19|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-10-02|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ==
ᱜᱚᱜᱚᱱᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱢᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ramesh&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last1=Ramesh |first1=Sandhya |title=Meet Gagandeep Kang, Shimla scientist who's helping save lives of thousands of Indian kids |url=https://theprint.in/science/how-a-shimla-woman-is-helping-save-lives-of-thousands-of-kids-in-india-every-year/225439/ |website=ThePrint |access-date=25 November 2020 |date=24 April 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Indian Railways|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱧᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱨᱮ MBBS ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱑ ᱨᱮ CMC ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱳᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮ MD ᱰᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘ ᱨᱮ PhD ᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot; /&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[Baylor College of Medicine|ᱵᱮᱞᱳᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ, ᱦᱤᱣᱥᱴᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ-ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ==
ᱠᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟ (diarrhea) ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱳᱴᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ (Rotavirus) ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ &quot;ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱭᱳ&quot; (vaccine godmother) ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mohan&quot;/&gt;
ᱠᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Bharat Biotech|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱴᱮᱠ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱵᱷᱟᱠ (Rotavac) ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ (COVID-19) ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾

== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ==
 * ᱠᱳᱣᱟᱞᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱮᱭᱟᱨᱰᱱᱮᱥ ᱤᱱᱳᱵᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱥ (CEPI), ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱢᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱑᱘–᱒᱐᱒᱓) ᱾
 * ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (WHO) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱢᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱾

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ==
ᱠᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ (Scientific Academy) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓᱕᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ (Royal Society - FRS) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ (Infosys Prize) ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱤᱡ (9th) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ-ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱢᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱᱥ ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱵᱩᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ&quot; (Manson's Textbook of Tropical Medicine) ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
 * ᱑᱙᱙᱘–᱑᱙᱙᱙ – ᱰᱨ. ᱯᱤ. ᱮᱱ. ᱵᱮᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳᱥᱤᱯ (Dr. P.N. Berry Fellowship)
 * ᱒᱐᱐᱕ – ᱫᱟ ᱞᱳᱨᱰᱩ ᱭᱮᱫᱟᱱᱟᱯᱟᱞᱞᱤ ᱮᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱞᱮᱱᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ (The Lourdu Yedanapalli Award for Excellence in Research)
 * ᱒᱐᱐᱖ – ᱣᱳᱢᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱥᱟᱭᱱᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ (Woman Bioscientist of the Year)
 * ᱒᱐᱑᱖ – ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷ ᱥᱟᱭᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ  [[Infosys Prize|ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱳᱥᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ]] (Infosys Prize in Life Sciences)
 * ᱒᱐᱑᱙ – [[Fellow of the Royal Society|ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱮᱞᱳ]] (FRS) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ
 * ᱒᱐᱒᱔ –  [[Canada Gairdner Global Health Award|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱭᱨᱰᱱᱚᱨ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ]](Canada Gairdner Global Health Award)

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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{{Use Indian English|date=December 2023}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox Indian political party
| eci              = ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱱᱨᱮᱠᱚᱜᱽᱱᱟᱭᱡᱽᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ
| abbreviation     = ISF
| logo             = 
| colorcode        = {{party color|Indian Secular Front}}
| chairman         = [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]]
| secretary        = ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚᱡᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱤ
| founder          = [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]]
| foundation       = {{start date and age|df=yes|p=y|2021|01|21}}
| loksabha_seats   = {{Composition bar|0|543|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}}
| rajyasabha_seats = {{Composition bar|0|245|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}}
| state_seats_name = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
| state_seats      = {{Composition bar|1|294|hex={{party color|Indian Secular Front}}}}
| headquarters     = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ]], [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
| ideology         = {{Nowrap|[[ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ]]&lt;br&gt;[[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱱᱮᱭᱟᱭ]]}}
| position         = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ-ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://isf.org.in/about|title=About ISF|publisher=ISF|quote=Siddiqui launched ISF as a secular, centre-left alternative to existing parties with a mission centered around social justice and inclusion. The party's stated goals include the &quot;upliftment of backward masses – Muslims, tribals and Dalits&quot; and fighting for the &quot;deceived, deprived and downtrodden&quot; of Bengal.|access-date=8 April 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| colours = {{Colorsample|{{Party color|Indian Secular Front}}}} [[ᱞᱤᱞ]]
| alliance         = [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ+]] (᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ)&lt;br&gt;[[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]] (᱒᱐᱒᱑–᱒᱐᱒᱔)
| flag             = [[File:ISF flag.svg|150px|border]]
| symbol           =[[File:Indian Election Symbol Almirah.jpg|70px]] 
}}
'''ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ('''ISF'''),&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/west-bengal/kolkata-nawsad-siddiques-isf-demonstrates-over-attacks-on-minorities-in-bangladesh-3297414|title=Kolkata: Nawsad Siddique's ISF demonstrates over attacks on minorities in Bangladesh|publisher=deccanherald|date=29 November 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddiqui gets bail after protest against Sirajuddin Waqf Board in Kolkata |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-naushad-siddiqui-bail-protest-sir-waqf-10202852/lite/ |website=The Indian Express |date=22 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=ISF MLA Naushad Siddique gets bail a day after arrest over protest against Sir in Kolkata |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/kolkata/isf-mla-nawsad-siddique-gets-bail-a-day-after-arrest-over-protest-against-sir-in-kolkata/article69960315.ece/ |website=The Hindu |date=22 January 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ''' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Contribution Report and Audit for the year 2021–2022 – All India Secular Front |url=https://ceowestbengal.nic.in/Expenditure/year_9/ContributionReport/Party58.pdf |website=Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, West Bengal |date=31 March 2025 |access-date=27 June 2025 |format=PDF}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱵᱽᱵᱟᱥ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱦᱩᱜᱽᱞᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱯᱷᱩᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱤᱯᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/political-pulse/west-bengal-elections-isf-naushad-siddiqui-letter-alliance-cpi-m-10215490/|title=Rise of Indian Secular Front in Bengal: Furfura Sharif outfit to TMC rival in Muslim pockets|publisher=Indian Express|date=31 Aug 2025|access-date=26 March 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Wire.in|first=The|date=28 Feb 2021|title=Bengal: As Left and Congress Ally With Muslim Cleric's Party, Will BJP Be the Winner?|url=https://thewire.in/politics/west-bengal-left-congress-abbas-siddiqui-isf-bjp-elections}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|last=India|first=Outlook|date=28 February 2021|title=With Brigade Rally, Left-Congress-ISF's 'Sanyukta Morcha' Kicks Of Bengal Poll Campaign|work=Outlook.India|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/photos/photoessay/with-brigade-rally-left-congress-isfs-sanyukta-morcha-kicks-of-bengal-poll-campaign/2628}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, [[ᱚᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ|ᱛᱨᱤᱱᱚᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=West Bengal: In Left-Congress Brigade Ground Rally, ISF Emerged as the Biggest Mobiliser|url=https://thewire.in/politics/in-left-congress-brigade-ground-rally-isf-emerged-as-the-biggest-mobiliser|access-date=2021-03-02|website=The Wire}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=30-seat deal with Left: ISF cleric Abbas Siddiqui|url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/west-bengal/west-bengal-assembly-elections-2021-30-seat-deal-with-leftsays-indian-secular-front-cleric-abbas-siddiqui/cid/1807955|access-date=2021-03-02|website=www.telegraphindia.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱡᱽᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱮ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://bengali.news18.com/news/kolkata/isf-leader-nawsad-siddique-speaks-out-about-isf-and-left-front-alliance-in-west-bengal-assembly-elections-rdp-2555596.html|title=ISF-Left Front Alliance: বামেদের সঙ্গেই সর্বাত্মক জোটে আইএসএফ! বুধবারের মধ্যেই কাটবে আসন রফা নিয়ে জট, ঘোষণা নওশাদের|publisher=News18 Bangla|date=24 Feb 2026}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ|ECI]] ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ISF ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://m.economictimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-commisions-new-symbol-rule-to-aid-parties-in-poll-bound-states/articleshow/129960465.cms|title=Election Commission's new symbol rule to aid parties in poll-bound states|publisher=The Economic Times|date=2 April 2026|access-date=4 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;
==ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ==
[[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ISF ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱥᱵᱟᱫᱤ)]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ]]᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ MLA ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ISF ᱫᱚ CPI(M)-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ (ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ)|ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]] ᱡᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾
{|class=&quot;wikitable &quot; style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot;
!Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
!style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
!style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱴ
! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ
! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱴ
! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱥᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ +/-
! style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ
!Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ %
!Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ +/-
!Style=&quot;background-color:{{party color|Indian Secular Front}};color:white&quot; | ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ
|-
! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
|-
|[[᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ|᱒᱐᱒᱔]]

| Rowspan=&quot;1&quot; | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]]
| :--- |
| ᱑᱗
| ᱐
| {{Steady}}
| ᱖᱕᱐᱒᱒᱙
|
| {{up}}
| {{Steady}}
| - &lt;br&gt; ! colspan=&quot;9&quot; |[[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]]
| -
| [[᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱑]]
| Rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[ᱱᱟᱶᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱥᱤᱫᱽᱫᱤᱠᱤ]]
| [[ᱥᱚᱸᱡᱩᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱪᱟ | SM]]
| ᱓᱒
| ᱑
| {{up}}᱑
| ᱘᱑᱓,᱔᱘᱙
| ᱑.᱓᱕%
| {{up}}
| ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ
| -
| [[᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ | ᱒᱐᱒᱖]]
| [[ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ-ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱴ | LF+]]
|
|
| {{up}}
|
|
| {{up}}
|
| -
|}

== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ==
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]]
==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{reflist|2}}
{{Indian political parties}}
[[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]]
[[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ]]
[[Category:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]
[[Category:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱱᱴ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ</title>
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      <text bytes="10269" sha1="2hwqbmqwvr47es91pgn6oxmi0twa8mi" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Conceptual-map-illustrating-the-connections-among-nonhuman-nature-ecosystem-services-environmental-ethics-environmental.jpg|thumb|350px|ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤ, ᱤᱠᱳᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱥᱟᱹᱵᱤᱥ, ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱛᱷᱤᱠᱥ, ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱯ᱾]]

'''ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱞᱟᱥᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last1=Dovjak |first1=Mateja |title=Health Outcomes Related to Built Environments |year=2019 |work=Creating Healthy and Sustainable Buildings |pages=43–82 |place=Cham |publisher=Springer International Publishing |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-3-030-19412-3_2 |isbn=978-3-030-19411-6 |s2cid=190160283 |last2=Kukec |first2=Andreja |doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ, ᱴᱚᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱰᱮᱢᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kelley |first=Timothy |date=2008-07-21 |title=The ecology of environmental health |journal=Environmental Health Insights |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=25–26 |doi=10.1177/117863020800200001 |issn=1178-6302 |pmc=3091335 |pmid=21572828|bibcode=2008EnvHI...200200K }}&lt;/ref&gt;
== ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ==
===ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ===
[[File:2016 EPI Environmental Health Objective (26170609558).jpg|thumb|350px|ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠᱮᱴᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱑᱖)᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ, ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱪᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ᱾]]
ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (WHO) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=What is environmental health? |url=https://www.ehinz.ac.nz/indicators/overview/what-is-environmental-health/#:~:text=Environmental%20health%20refers%20to%20aspects,psychosocial%20factors%20in%20the%20environment |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=ehinz.ac.nz |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-12-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231211064151/https://ehinz.ac.nz/indicators/overview/what-is-environmental-health/#:~:text=Environmental%20health%20refers%20to%20aspects,psychosocial%20factors%20in%20the%20environment |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱮᱠᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=von Schirnding |first=Yasmin E.R. |url=https://academic.oup.com/book/35585 |title=Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health |date=February 2015 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-966175-6 |editor-last=Detels |editor-first=Roger |edition=6 |pages=1523–1541 |chapter=11.5 Environmental health practice |doi=10.1093/med/9780199661756.003.0240 |access-date=2024-08-12 |editor-last2=Gulliford |editor-first2=Martin |editor-last3=Karim |editor-first3=Quarraisha Abdool |editor-last4=Tan |editor-first4=Chorh Chuan |chapter-url=https://academic.oup.com/book/35585/chapter-abstract/306374236}}&lt;/ref&gt;
᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, &quot;ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱷᱤᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&quot;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|title=Health topics: Environmental health |url=https://www.who.int/topics/environmental_health/en/ |access-date=10 January 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱩᱥᱚᱱ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=CDC |date=2025-05-09 |title=Environmental Hazards and Risks |url=https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/environmental-hazards-risks/index.html |access-date=2026-02-10 |website=Yellow Book |language=en-us}}&lt;/ref&gt;
===ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ===
ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞᱴᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Experts See Growing Importance of Adding Environmental Health Content to Medical School Curricula |url=https://www.aamc.org/news-insights/experts-see-growing-importance-adding-environmental-health-content-medical-school-curricula |access-date=2021-08-02 |website=AAMC |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Jennings |first=Bruce |title=Environmental and Occupational Public Health |year=2016 |work=Public Health Ethics: Cases Spanning the Globe |volume=3 |pages=177–202 |editor-last2=H. Barrett |editor-first2=Drue |editor-last=W. Ortmann |editor-first=Leonard |editor-last3=Dawson |editor-first3=Angus |editor-last4=Saenz |editor-first4=Carla |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK435781/ |access-date=2023-06-13 |series=Public Health Ethics Analysis |place=Cham (CH) |publisher=Springer |doi=10.1007/978-3-319-23847-0_6 |isbn=978-3-319-23846-3 |pmid=28590693 |s2cid=168480156|doi-access=free}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ|2}}
== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Andrew M. Pope |url=http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=4795 |title=Environmental Medicine – Integrating a Missing Element into Medical Education |last2=David P. Rall |publisher=National Academies Press |year=1995 |isbn=0-309-05140-1 |editor-last=Committee on Curriculum Development in Environmental Medicine at the Institute of Medicine |ref=none}}
* {{Cite book |last=Kate Davies |url=https://archive.org/details/riseofusenvironm0000davi |title=The Rise of the U.S. Environmental Health Movement |publisher=Rowman &amp; Littlefield |year=2013 |isbn=978-1-4422-2137-6 |ref=none |url-access=registration}}
* {{Cite book |last1=White |first1=Franklin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iE8SXPGGbeMC |title=Global Public Health: Ecological Foundations |last2=Stallones |first2=Lorann |last3=Last |first3=John M. |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-19-975190-7 |ref=none}}
* {{Cite web |last=Jouko Tuomisto |year=2005 |title=Arsenic to zoonoses – One hundred questions about the environment and health |url=http://en.opasnet.org/w/Arsenic_to_zoonoses/Contents |archive-url=https://archive.today/20150115125321/http://en.opasnet.org/w/Arsenic_to_zoonoses/Contents |archive-date=2015-01-15 |access-date=10 January 2015 |publisher=Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos (National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland) |ref=none}}
* {{Cite web |year=2023 |title=Environment and Health A to Z |url=http://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials/environment_and_health_a_to_z_508.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190409053325/https://www.niehs.nih.gov/health/materials/environment_and_health_a_to_z_508.pdf |archive-date=April 9, 2019 |publisher=NIEHS |ref=none}}
* ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱳᱜᱽᱱᱳ, ᱠᱞᱟᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱰᱞ-ᱦᱚᱯᱷᱢᱮᱱ, ᱠᱞᱟᱩᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱣᱮᱱᱡᱟᱨ: ''Earth Observation Data Supporting Non-Communicable Disease Research: A Review.'' Remote Sensing (12), 2020, P. 1-34. doi: 10.3390/rs12162541. ISSN 2072-4292.
== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
* [http://www.niehs.nih.gov NIEHS]</text>
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    <title>ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ</title>
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      </contributor>
      <comment>Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5</comment>
      <origin>198066</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="58434" sha1="3nebancnexudbprmtjokihv0vafxn54" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱞᱴᱤᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱱᱜᱽᱞᱳᱢᱮᱨᱚᱴ}}
{{Infobox company
| name = ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ
| logo = Aditya Birla Group Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250px
| type = ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ
| founder = 
| hq_location = [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| area_served = ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ
| key_people = [[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ]] {{small|(ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ)}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Meet Kumar Mangalam  Birla: A CA By Profession, Chairman Of Aditya Birla Group With Net Worth Of USD 13.2 Billion |url=https://www.timesnownews.com/business-economy/meet-kumar-mangalam-birla-a-ca-by-profession-chairman-of-aditya-birla-group-with-net-worth-of-13-2-billion-latest-news-article-99657569 |work=TimesNow |date=21 April 2023 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;br&gt;ᱥᱩᱥᱤᱞ ᱚᱜᱚᱨᱣᱟᱞ {{small|([[ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ|ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱳ]])}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Gaur |first1=Vatsala |title=Sushil Agarwal elevated as Aditya Birla Group CFO |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/sushil-agarwal-elevated-as-aditya-birla-group-cfo/articleshow/69530181.cms |work=The Economic Times |date=28 May 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| industry = [[ᱠᱚᱱᱜᱽᱞᱳᱢᱮᱨᱮᱴ (ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ)|ᱠᱚᱱᱜᱽᱞᱳᱢᱮᱨᱮᱴ]]
| products = {{hlist|[[ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱵᱞᱮᱠ]]|[[ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]|[[ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ|ᱪᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞᱥ]]|[[ᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨ (ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠᱟ)|ᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨ]]|[[ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ]]|[[ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱤᱝ]]|[[ᱯᱮᱱᱴ|ᱯᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]]|[[ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚ}}
| services = {{hlist|[[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡᱽ]]|[[ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ]]|[[ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ]]|[[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ]]|[[ᱠᱷᱩᱪᱨᱟᱹ]]|[[ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]}}
| revenue = {{increase}} $᱗᱐ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ&lt;ref name=&quot;BS&quot;/&gt;
| revenue_year = ᱒᱐᱒᱖
| operating_income = 
| net_income = 
| num_employees = ᱒᱓᱐,᱐᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)&lt;ref name=&quot;The Times of India&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Birla kids to join board of group thinktank, fashion business |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/birla-kids-to-join-board-of-group-thinktank-fashion-business/articleshow/97465179.cms?from=mdr |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=31 January 2023 |access-date=29 April 2023 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505220021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/birla-kids-to-join-board-of-group-thinktank-fashion-business/articleshow/97465179.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| subsidiaries = {{Plainlist|
*[[ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]]
*[[ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱴᱮᱞ]]
*[[ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱴᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ]]
*[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱚᱞᱠᱳ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ]]
*[[ᱜᱨᱟᱥᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤ]]
*[[ᱵᱷᱳᱰᱟᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
*[[ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱚᱢᱚᱡᱽ]]}}
[[ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱱᱡᱟᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.adityabirla.com/}}
| owner = [[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ]]
| founded = {{start date and age|1857}}&lt;ref name=&quot;BS&quot;&gt;{{cite news|title=About Us-Aditya Birla Group|url=https://www.adityabirla.com/about-us|work=Aditya Birla Group|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-date=10 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010130425/https://www.adityabirla.com/about-us|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}
'''ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱞᱴᱤᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱱᱜᱽᱞᱳᱢᱮᱨᱚᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞ, ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱤᱥ, ᱨᱮᱱᱣᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟᱨᱡᱤ, ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ, ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ, ᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱮᱥᱴᱮᱴ, ᱴᱨᱮᱰᱤᱝ, ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱱᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱱᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Das |first=Vipul |date=2023-01-06 |title=Aditya Birla Fashion &amp; Retail to raise ₹500 Cr via NCDs |url=https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/aditya-birla-fashion-retail-to-raise-rs-500-cr-via-ncds-11673015588651.html |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=9 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230509072456/https://www.livemint.com/market/stock-market-news/aditya-birla-fashion-retail-to-raise-rs-500-cr-via-ncds-11673015588651.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-01-31 |title=Birla kids to join board of group thinktank, fashion business |work=[[The Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/birla-kids-to-join-board-of-group-thinktank-fashion-business/articleshow/97465179.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-09 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=5 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230505220021/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/birla-kids-to-join-board-of-group-thinktank-fashion-business/articleshow/97465179.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱗᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,&lt;ref name=&quot;:02&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|title=About Us-Aditya Birla Group|work=Aditya Birla Group|url=https://www.adityabirla.com/about-us|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-date=10 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221010130425/https://www.adityabirla.com/about-us|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱕᱐% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-08-31 |title=Aditya Birla Group's revenue crosses Rs 2.5 lakh crore |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/aditya-birla-groups-revenue-crosses-rs-25-lakh-crore-52325-2015-08-31 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=[[Business Today (India)|Business Today]] |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510010853/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/aditya-birla-groups-revenue-crosses-rs-25-lakh-crore-52325-2015-08-31 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱑᱑᱐ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱴᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ]], ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱟᱞᱠᱳ, ᱱᱳᱵᱮᱞᱤᱥ, ᱜᱨᱮᱥᱤᱢ, [[ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]], [[ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱳᱰᱟᱯᱷᱳᱱ ᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Birla, The Commodity King |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/long-reads/birla-the-commodity-king/109603 |access-date=2023-05-09 |website=[[Fortune India]] |date=8 September 2022 |language=en |archive-date=8 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608130430/https://www.fortuneindia.com/long-reads/birla-the-commodity-king/109603 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Initiating Coverage Grasim Industries Ltd. |url=https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/Initiating%20Coverage%20-%20Grasim%20Industries%20-%20311020.pdf |website=hdfcsec |access-date=29 April 2023 |archive-date=29 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230429133434/https://www.hdfcsec.com/hsl.research.pdf/Initiating%20Coverage%20-%20Grasim%20Industries%20-%20311020.pdf |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱴᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ [[ᱡᱤ. ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱩᱴ, ᱠᱳᱴᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2005-08-05 |title=Pilani passes into history |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/pilani-passes-into-history/articleshow/1191531.cms |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=I have been a student all my life: G.D. Birla |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19790430-i-have-been-a-student-all-my-life-gd-birla-821984-2014-03-05 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619092456/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/interview/story/19790430-i-have-been-a-student-all-my-life-gd-birla-821984-2014-03-05 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-07-05 |title=B.K. Birla: The conscious capitalist with nationalism at heart |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/people/the-conscious-capitalist-with-nationalism-at-heart/103371 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=From the India Today archives (1983): G.D. Birla: A legend in his lifetime |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/from-the-india-today-archives-1983-gd-birla-a-legend-in-his-lifetime-2357737-2023-04-09 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱞᱟ]], ᱡᱤ. ᱰᱤ. ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Hazarika |first=Sanjoy |date=1995-10-03 |title=Aditya Vikram Birla, 51, A Leading Indian Businessman |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/03/business/aditya-vikram-birla-51-a-leading-indian-businessman.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=22 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221122125500/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/03/business/aditya-vikram-birla-51-a-leading-indian-businessman.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱖᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ]],&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-01-14 |title=As companies go 'regional', 'globalization' has made way for 'slowbalisation': Kumar Mangalam Birla |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/nationalism-globalisation-define-current-decade-kumar-mangalam-birla-242642-2020-01-14 |access-date=2023-06-10 |website=Business Today |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619092456/https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/corporate/story/nationalism-globalisation-define-current-decade-kumar-mangalam-birla-242642-2020-01-14 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ ᱤᱡᱤᱯᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:03&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=1995-10-03 |title=Birla - man who aimed big in industry |url=https://www.scmp.com/article/133714/birla-man-who-aimed-big-industry |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞ, ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

[[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Karnik |first=P. R. Sanjai, Madhura |date=2014-08-11 |title=Growing with India's global ambitions |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/bGZ4ET8eZwFKQthVICvZ8K/Growing-with-Indias-global-ambitions.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱨᱥᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱵᱽᱨᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱴᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Kalesh |first1=Baiju |title=L&amp;T, Grasim spar over unsold shares |url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/JP8DxSB3ba8RhOLJA6ROVM/LampT-Grasim-spar-over-unsold-shares.html |access-date=12 February 2026 |work=mint |date=1 May 2008 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱟᱞᱠᱳ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱖.᱑ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱳᱵᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-02-17 |title=Hindalco buys US-based Novelis Inc for $6 billion |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/hindalco-buys-us-based-novelis-inc-for-6-billion/story-ewOSGIxUarxJKacMDITWEL.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en |archive-date=8 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231108212935/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/hindalco-buys-us-based-novelis-inc-for-6-billion/story-ewOSGIxUarxJKacMDITWEL.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-02-12 |title=India's Aditya Birla Group acquires Novelis |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-feb-12-fi-aluminum12-story.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Los Angeles Times |language=en-US |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093914/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-feb-12-fi-aluminum12-story.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱞᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱑.᱘ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Anand |first=Sameera |date= |title=India's Idea Cellular buys Spice Communications |url=https://www.financeasia.com/article/indias-idea-cellular-buys-spice-communications/115229 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=FinanceAsia |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093916/https://www.financeasia.com/article/indias-idea-cellular-buys-spice-communications/115229 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2008-07-09 |title=Idea acquires 41% in Spice Communications |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/idea-acquires-41-in-spice-communications/333412/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=Financialexpress |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093915/https://www.financialexpress.com/archive/idea-acquires-41-in-spice-communications/333412/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱴᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱓᱘᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱴᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kalesh |first=Joel Rebello &amp; Baiju |date=2010-08-02 |title=UltraTech to buy around 80% stake in Dubai's Star Cement |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/RrGSxoY6dQIeDnPY5PvtYK/UltraTech-to-buy-around-80-stake-in-Dubai8217s-Star-Ceme.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093915/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/RrGSxoY6dQIeDnPY5PvtYK/UltraTech-to-buy-around-80-stake-in-Dubai8217s-Star-Ceme.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2010-04-29 |title=India's UltraTech to buy Dubai's ETA Star Cement |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/star-ultratech-idUSSGE63S0A020100429 |access-date=2023-06-19 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093916/https://www.reuters.com/article/star-ultratech-idUSSGE63S0A020100429 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2010-04-30 |title=UltraTech Cement buys ETA Star Co of Dubai |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ultratech-cement-buys-eta-star-co-of-dubai/articleshow/5875000.cms |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093914/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/ultratech-cement-buys-eta-star-co-of-dubai/articleshow/5875000.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱞᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱰᱚᱢᱥᱡᱳ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱔᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Shah |first=John Satish Kumar &amp; Sneha |date=2011-04-19 |title=Aditya Birla Group buys Domsjö for $340 million |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/Jx9tqQY8qjHFajL1oZ4sKN/Aditya-Birla-Group-buys-Domsj-for-340-million.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619093914/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/Jx9tqQY8qjHFajL1oZ4sKN/Aditya-Birla-Group-buys-Domsj-for-340-million.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱱᱴᱟᱞᱚᱱᱥ ᱔᱓᱗ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Agarwal |first=Sapna |date=2012-05-01 |title=Aditya Birla to buy Pantaloons retail chain |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/7gYxcYC8xH8OjggQWmIfAJ/Aditya-Birla-to-buy-Pantaloons-retail-chain.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110125416/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/7gYxcYC8xH8OjggQWmIfAJ/Aditya-Birla-to-buy-Pantaloons-retail-chain.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Aditya Birla to merge Madura Fashion with Pantaloon - ET Retail |url=http://retail.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/apparel-fashion/apparel/aditya-birla-to-merge-madura-fashion-with-pantaloon/47138392 |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=ETRetail.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱴᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖,᱑᱘᱙ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ (᱒.᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ) ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱸᱰᱤᱝ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑.᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱮᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Bhaskar |first=P. R. Sanjai |date=2012-06-26 |title=Aditya Birla is front-runner for Jaiprakash cement stake |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/bocLHs5u9eZx7H0gz5zNjL/Aditya-Birla-is-frontrunner-for-Jaiprakash-cement-stake.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619094638/https://www.livemint.com/Companies/bocLHs5u9eZx7H0gz5zNjL/Aditya-Birla-is-frontrunner-for-Jaiprakash-cement-stake.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=UltraTech completes acquisition of Jaiprakash group cement business |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/cement/ultratech-completes-acquisition-of-jaiprakash-group-cement-business/articleshow/59372842.cms |access-date=2022-10-11}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱑.᱑ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-04-05 |title=Last-minute $1.1 billion Birla bid entertained by Binani lenders |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/cement/last-minute-1-1-billion-birla-bid-entertained-by-binani-lenders/articleshow/63622832.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619094639/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/cement/last-minute-1-1-billion-birla-bid-entertained-by-binani-lenders/articleshow/63622832.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱑.᱒ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2018-05-20 |title=UltraTech to acquire Century's cement unit in share swap deal |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ultratech-to-acquire-centurys-cement-unit-in-share-swap-deal/article23943561.ece |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=0971-751X |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619094638/https://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/ultratech-to-acquire-centurys-cement-unit-in-share-swap-deal/article23943561.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱟᱞᱠᱳ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱮᱨᱤᱥ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒.᱘ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=Hindalco completes Aleris deal for $2.8 billion |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/hindalco-completes-aleris-deal-for-28-billion/article31341293.ece |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619094640/https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/hindalco-completes-aleris-deal-for-28-billion/article31341293.ece |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱨᱟᱥᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Tanya |date=2021-01-22 |title=Grasim set to enter paints biz with ₹5,000 crore investment |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/grasim-announces-entry-into-paints-with-rs-5000-crore-initial-investment-11611315716199.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619094639/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/grasim-announces-entry-into-paints-with-rs-5000-crore-initial-investment-11611315716199.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dilipkumar |first=Bhavya |date=2021-01-22 |title=Aditya Birla Group's Grasim to enter paints business with Rs 5,000 crore investment |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/paints/aditya-birla-groups-grasim-to-enter-paints-business-with-rs-5000-crore-investment/articleshow/80406560.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=19 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230619094638/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/cons-products/paints/aditya-birla-groups-grasim-to-enter-paints-business-with-rs-5000-crore-investment/articleshow/80406560.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ TMRW, ᱢᱤᱫ D2C ᱨᱤᱴᱮᱞ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-06-01 |title=Aditya birla group get into house of brands format with 'TMRW'. |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/aditya-birla-launches-digital-venture-tmrw-in-fashion-and-lifestyle-space-122060100540_1.html |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=www.business-standard.com |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-06-01 |title=Aditya Birla group launches house of brands venture Tmrw; Prashanth Aluru named CEO |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/startups/aditya-birla-group-launches-house-of-brands-venture-tmrw-prashanth-aluru-tanked-ceo/articleshow/91934723.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-06-10 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱜᱨᱟᱥᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ B2B ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱵᱷᱮᱸᱪᱚᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱮᱜᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Chaliawala |first=Nehal |date=2022-07-19 |title=Aditya Birla Group's Grasim to launch B2B e-commerce platform for building materials |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/aditya-birla-groups-grasim-to-launch-b2b-e-commerce-platform-for-building-materials/articleshow/92987415.cms |access-date=2023-06-19 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ, ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ, ᱵᱚᱞᱴ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱪᱚᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱮᱠᱥᱴᱳᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱳᱨᱥᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖,᱖᱐᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ (᱑.᱗᱘ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ) ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱸᱪᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.thehindu.com/sport/cricket/rcb-acquired-by-consortium-for-16600-crore-rupees/article70781258.ece |title=RCB acquired by consortium for ₹16,600 crore |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=2026-03-24 |access-date=2026-03-25 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱯᱨᱟᱝᱜᱽ ᱮᱱᱚᱨᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗,᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞ ᱯᱞᱮᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱣᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱚᱨᱡᱤ ᱠᱮᱯᱮᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱙.᱓ ᱜᱤᱜᱣᱟᱴᱤ (GWp) ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱣᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱚᱨᱡᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Johnson |first=Lamar |date=14 July 2026 |title=Shell sells India-based renewables business for $1.8B |url=https://www.esgdive.com/news/shell-sells-india-based-renewables-business-for-18b/825198/ |url-status=live |work=ESG DIVE}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱥᱴᱚᱠ ᱮᱠᱥᱪᱮᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱐.᱒᱕% ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱳᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ, ᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱦᱚᱞᱰᱤᱝᱥ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒᱕ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ravi |first=AB |date=August 16, 2026 |title=Brand Royalty: Smart Brand-Building Or Easy Money For Holding Companies? |url=https://openthemagazine.com/columns/brand-royalty-smart-brand-building-or-easy-money-for-holding-companies |url-status=live |work=Open Magazine}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ==
ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱚᱯ, ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱓᱖ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-04-20 |title=Vodafone Idea appoints Kumar Mangalam Birla as non-executive director |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/companies/vodafone-idea-appoints-kumar-mangalam-birla-as-non-executive-director-16456521.htm |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱢᱮᱴᱟᱞ''': ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱟᱞᱠᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱕᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱡᱤ.ᱰᱤ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱩᱠᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱟᱞᱠᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱱᱳᱵᱮᱞᱤᱥ ᱤᱱᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2007-02-12 |title=Hindalco to acquire Novelis for $6 bn |url=https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/v8Nz0EASvQJUD7vYrLG9WL/Hindalco-to-acquire-Novelis-for-6-bn.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812085433/https://www.livemint.com/Home-Page/v8Nz0EASvQJUD7vYrLG9WL/Hindalco-to-acquire-Novelis-for-6-bn.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱟᱞᱠᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱞᱩᱢᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱭᱩᱥᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Hindalco Industries: Heavy metal group |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20170821-hindalco-ltd-independence-day-icons-of-modern-india-1028880-2017-08-11 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=India Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2012-05-11 |title=Hindalco Industries: A commodity czar |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/markets/-1887043.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Moneycontrol |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ, ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱯᱚᱨ, ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2020-09-17 |title=Hindalco signs pact with Hindustan Copper |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/hindalco-signs-pact-with-hindustan-copper/article32629457.ece |access-date=2023-08-09 |website=BusinessLine |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ''': ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱭᱩᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Deva |first=Pranati |title=Religare selects Ultratech Cement as a 'High Conviction Pick'; 5 reasons why |url=https://mintgenie.livemint.com/news/markets/religare-selects-ultratech-cement-as-a-high-conviction-pick-5-reasons-why-151676968290582 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Mintgenie |language=en |archive-date=2023-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812085434/https://mintgenie.livemint.com/news/markets/religare-selects-ultratech-cement-as-a-high-conviction-pick-5-reasons-why-151676968290582 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱞᱴᱨᱟᱴᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=AV Birla takes over L&amp;T cement firm |work=Business Standard |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/av-birla-takes-over-l-t-cement-firm-104070701106_1.html |access-date=12 August 2023 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812085455/https://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/av-birla-takes-over-l-t-cement-firm-104070701106_1.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ:''' ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ (ᱞᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱣᱩᱞ), ᱟᱠᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱩᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{cn|date=April 2026}} ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱤᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{cn|date=April 2026}}

'''ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱵᱞᱮᱠ:''' ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱭᱟᱨ, ᱯᱞᱟᱥᱴᱤᱠ, ᱯᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱚᱱ ᱵᱞᱮᱠ ᱮᱰᱤᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Aditya Birla's Carbon Play |work=Business World |url=https://www.businessworld.in/article/Aditya-Birla-s-Carbon-Play/08-11-2014-62279/ |access-date=12 August 2023 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812085444/https://www.businessworld.in/article/Aditya-Birla-s-Carbon-Play/08-11-2014-62279/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱭᱮᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱳᱡᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Royal Enfield's CKD plant in Thailand begins operations |url=https://www.autocarpro.in/news-international/royal-enfields-ckd-plant-in-thailand-begins-operations-80535 |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Autocar Professional |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞᱥ:''' ᱑᱙᱘᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱞᱳᱨ-ᱚᱞᱠᱟᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱳᱰᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Himatsingka |first=Anuradha |date=2014-09-09 |title=Aditya Birla Chemicals to acquire Jayshree Chemicals Ltd's chlor-alkali division for Rs 212 crore |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/chem-/-fertilisers/aditya-birla-chemicals-to-acquire-jayshree-chemicals-ltds-chlor-alkali-division-for-rs-212-crore/articleshow/42041249.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ:''' ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱓.᱖ ᱴᱨᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ AUM ᱟᱨ ᱓᱑ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱙᱔᱓ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱩᱥᱩᱪᱤᱛ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-06-26 |title=Aditya Birla Capital launches QIP, floor price set at ₹175.9 per share |url=https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/aditya-birla-capital-launches-qip-floor-price-set-at-rs-175-9-per-share-11687789438285.html |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=mint |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812085714/https://www.livemint.com/companies/news/aditya-birla-capital-launches-qip-floor-price-set-at-rs-175-9-per-share-11687789438285.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ:''' ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱾ (ABFRL) ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱱᱩᱵᱳ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱴᱟᱞᱚᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2015-05-04 |title=Aditya Birla Group to merge branded apparel business into a single retail entity |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/aditya-birla-group-to-merge-branded-apparel-business-into-a-single-retail-entity/69109/ |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=Financialexpress |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ:''' ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱥᱩᱞᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2019-10-22 |title=Grasim forms new joint venture for composite hollow core insulators |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/companies/grasim-forms-new-jt-venture-for-composite-hollow-core-insulators/article62238349.ece |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=www.thehindubusinessline.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱨᱮᱱᱮᱣᱟᱵᱮᱞᱥ:''' ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱮᱣᱟᱵᱮᱞᱥ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ (ᱮᱵᱽᱨᱮᱞ) ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱳᱞᱟᱨ, ᱣᱤᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱭᱵᱽᱨᱟᱭᱰ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱙ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒.᱓ ᱜᱤᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱡᱣᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱯᱮᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱔.᱕ ᱜᱤᱜᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2023-02-16 |title=Aditya Birla Group to sell up to 49% stake in renewable energy business |url=https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/aditya-birla-group-to-sell-up-to-49-stake-in-renewable-energy-business-15950701.htm |access-date=2023-08-12 |website=cnbctv18.com |language=en |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812085727/https://www.cnbctv18.com/business/aditya-birla-group-to-sell-up-to-49-stake-in-renewable-energy-business-15950701.htm |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱤᱝ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮᱥᱮᱥᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱭᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱥᱳᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Ramsurya |first=M. V. |date=2011-12-26 |title=Essel mining driving Aditya Birla Group's acquisition strategy |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/metals-mining/essel-mining-driving-aditya-birla-groups-acquisition-strategy/articleshow/11249194.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=12 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812085714/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/indl-goods/svs/metals-mining/essel-mining-driving-aditya-birla-groups-acquisition-strategy/articleshow/11249194.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ:''' ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ [[ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

'''ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱸᱠ ᱣᱮᱸᱪᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Yet another ARC to shut shop, this time an Aditya Birla joint venture! |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/banking/finance/yet-another-arc-to-shut-shop-this-time-an-aditya-birla-jv/articleshow/114789948.cms |work=The Times of India}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱢ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱭᱱᱴ ᱣᱮᱸᱪᱟᱨ, ᱵᱷᱳᱰᱟᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2017-03-20 |title=Vodafone-Idea announce merger to create India's biggest telecom company |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/vodafone-idea-announce-merger-to-create-indias-biggest-telecom-company/articleshow/57728642.cms |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱴᱨᱮᱰᱤᱝ:''' ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱞᱳᱵᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰᱤᱝ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱳᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱮᱭᱥ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱯᱨᱮᱥ) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱰᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ, ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Lv |first=Amy |date=March 6, 2026 |title=India's Aditya Birla Group restarts iron ore business, sources say |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indias-aditya-birla-group-restarts-iron-ore-business-sources-say-2026-03-06/ |url-status=live |work=Reuters}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱸᱴ, ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤ-ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ, ᱟᱨ TMRW ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ DTC ᱨᱤᱴᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Malviya |first=Sagar |date=2022-06-01 |title=Aditya Birla Group enters direct to consumer business, sets up a new firm TMRW |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/retail/aditya-birla-group-enters-direct-to-consumer-business-sets-up-a-new-firm-tmrw/articleshow/91934659.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-08-12 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴᱨᱚᱯᱤ==
ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱥᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴᱤ ᱤᱱᱥᱤᱴᱤᱣᱮᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Our eternal lifeline |url=https://businessindia.co/magazine/our-eternal-lifeline |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=businessindia.co |language=en |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524105051/https://businessindia.co/magazine/our-eternal-lifeline |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=CSR Compendium 2020 {{!}} ADITYA BIRLA GROUP {{!}} Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/csr_adityabirlagroup.cms |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=The Economic Times}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱯᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱥᱯᱳᱨᱥᱵᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱪᱭᱩᱴᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱥᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱵᱤᱞᱤᱦᱤᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ, ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱰᱮᱞ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Venkatachalam |first=Pritha |date=2018-07-10 |title=Create an articulated social vision and embed it in the business vision |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/business-of-life/create-an-articulated-social-vision-and-embed-it-in-the-business-vision-1542057607762.html |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱ.ᱡᱤ.ᱳ. ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱚᱱᱱᱟᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱤᱱᱤᱴᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:032&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Madaik |first=Devyani |date=2023-03-07 |title=International Women's Day Special: Celebrating The Work Of Women In India Who Are Helping The Country Achieve Its Sustainable Development Goals |url=https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/international-womens-day-special-celebrating-the-work-of-women-in-india-who-are-helping-the-country-achieve-its-sustainable-development-goals-74439/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=NDTV-Dettol Banega Swasth Swachh India |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524105049/https://swachhindia.ndtv.com/international-womens-day-special-celebrating-the-work-of-women-in-india-who-are-helping-the-country-achieve-its-sustainable-development-goals-74439/ |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ===
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱖,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱢᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2016-12-20 |title=Aditya Birla Group immunized 50 million children against polio |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/csr-compendium-touching-lives-2016/initiative/aditya-birla-group-immunized-50-million-children-against-polio/articleshow/56083286.cms |access-date=2023-05-13 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524105541/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/csr-compendium-touching-lives-2016/initiative/aditya-birla-group-immunized-50-million-children-against-polio/articleshow/56083286.cms |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Making a difference - CSR - Aditya Birla Group |url=https://www.adityabirla.com/csr/making-difference |access-date=2023-05-23 |website=abg.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ===
[[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱰᱮᱞᱜᱤᱵᱷ ᱦᱩᱨᱩᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱟᱱᱛᱷᱨᱚᱯᱤ ᱞᱤᱥᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2022-10-04 |title=Hurun Philanthropy list: Shiv Nadar most generous; Mukesh Ambani ranks 3rd |url=https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/hurun-philanthropy-list-shiv-nadar-most-generous-mukesh-ambani-ranks-3rd/110131 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=www.fortuneindia.com |language=en |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110035/https://www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/hurun-philanthropy-list-shiv-nadar-most-generous-mukesh-ambani-ranks-3rd/110131 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=EdelGive Hurun India Philanthropy List 2021: Here are India's 10 most generous individuals |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/edelgive-hurun-india-philanthropy-list-2021-here-are-india-s-10-most-generous-individuals-1870635-2021-10-28 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=India Today |language=en |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110038/https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/edelgive-hurun-india-philanthropy-list-2021-here-are-india-s-10-most-generous-individuals-1870635-2021-10-28 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;  ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱗᱗ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱔᱒ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2022-10-20 |title='India's most generous': Shiv Nadar tops philanthropy list for 2022, Azim Premji at No.2 |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/indias-most-generous-shiv-nadar-tops-philanthropy-list-for-2022-azim-premji-at-no-2/articleshow/94987475.cms |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last= |date=2022-10-23 |title=HCL founder Shiv Nadar, Tops EdelGive Hurun India Philanthropy List 2022; Donated Rs 3 Crore Per Day |url=https://sugermint.com/shiv-nadar-hcl-founder-tops-edelgive-hurun-india-philanthropy-list-2022/ |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Suger Mint |language=en-US |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110037/https://sugermint.com/shiv-nadar-hcl-founder-tops-edelgive-hurun-india-philanthropy-list-2022/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱥ ᱯᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱐᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2020-04-03 |title=Aditya Birla group contributes Rs 500 crore to fight Covid-19 pandemic |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/aditya-birla-group-contributes-rs-500-crore-to-fight-covid-19-pandemic/articleshow/74969846.cms |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0013-0389}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, [[ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱸᱛ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱱᱮᱥ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱠᱚᱞᱟᱨᱥᱤᱯ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2019-07-11 |title=AB Group announces £15 mn scholars programme |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/business/ab-group-announces-15-mn-scholars-programme/article28386526.ece |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ===
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱥᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱢᱚᱝᱨᱮᱜᱟ, ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱰᱚᱠ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2016-07-09 |title=Recovery time |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/corporate/story/after-several-years-of-dull-growth-the-cement-industry-looks-set-for-a-bull-run-thanks-to-the-revival-in-housing-and-infrastructure-projects-147903-2016-07-09 |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=Business Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱣᱟᱥ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ, ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱤᱵᱽᱞᱤᱦᱩᱰ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ (NRLM),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Banerji |first=Devika |date=2011-06-27 |title=Companies train, hire in villages with help from govt |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/companies-train-hire-in-villages-with-help-from-govt/articleshow/9007045.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110643/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/companies-train-hire-in-villages-with-help-from-govt/articleshow/9007045.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱣᱟᱪᱷ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2014-08-19 |title=Narendra Modi's 'Swachh Bharat' call: India Inc queues up to invest big money in building toilets |work=The Economic Times |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/narendra-modis-swachh-bharat-call-india-inc-queues-up-to-invest-big-money-in-building-toilets/articleshow/40369223.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-05-24 |issn=0013-0389 |archive-date=24 May 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230524110641/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/company/corporate-trends/narendra-modis-swachh-bharat-call-india-inc-queues-up-to-invest-big-money-in-building-toilets/articleshow/40369223.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱰᱨᱤᱠᱮᱱᱴᱤᱜᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ, ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱚᱞ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱥ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thomas |first=Tanya |date=2018-09-28 |title=Aditya Birla Group in talks to buy out IL&amp;FS's education arm |url=https://www.livemint.com/Companies/E1YmJga1thcpHPm2RHrL7J/Aditya-Birla-Group-in-talks-to-buy-out-ILFSs-education-arm.html |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=mint |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱭᱩᱵᱮᱵᱞ ᱮᱱᱚᱨᱡᱤ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ, ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱨᱮᱴᱤᱰ ᱪᱤᱞᱰ ᱰᱮᱵᱽᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱤᱥ, ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱮᱞᱤᱢᱤᱱᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱣᱟᱨᱱᱡᱚᱭᱚᱱᱛᱤ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱣᱟᱨᱚᱡᱽᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:032&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Making a difference - CSR - Aditya Birla Group |url=https://www.adityabirla.com/csr/making-difference |access-date=2023-05-24 |website=abg.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==
* [[ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱠᱮ. ᱠᱮ. ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]
* [[ᱭᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱠᱮ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]]
* [[ᱮᱢ.ᱯᱤ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ|ᱮᱢ.ᱯᱤ. ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]]
* ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱞ, [[ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱯᱮᱨᱤᱥ, ᱞᱚᱭᱩᱤᱥᱮᱭᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱟᱹᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱞ

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
* {{Official website}}
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[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱤᱲᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱘᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱚᱭᱚᱜᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱘᱕᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>3nebancnexudbprmtjokihv0vafxn54</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:Ramjit Tudu/ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱢ)</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>38065</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198088</id>
      <parentid>198043</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T08:26:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ramjit Tudu</username>
        <id>52</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/198043|198043]] by [[Special:Contributions/Ramjit Tudu|Ramjit Tudu]] ([[User talk:Ramjit Tudu|talk]])</comment>
      <origin>198088</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21194" sha1="faqmr9buxgmje2kbgffcqxf2xvjj1qd" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ
| image          = Badrinath poster.jpg
| alt            = ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ  ᱨᱮ  ᱛᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ᱾
| caption        = ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱟᱨ
| director       = [[ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ]]
| producer       = [[ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ]]
| writer         = ᱪᱤᱱᱱᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ
| starring       = {{plainlist|
* [[ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ]]
* [[ᱛᱚᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ]]
* [[ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱠᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱳᱨᱡᱤ]]
* [[ᱚᱥᱣᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱥᱮᱠᱚᱨ]]}}
| music          = [[ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱤᱨᱚᱵᱚᱬᱤ]]
| cinematography = [[ᱪᱳᱴᱟ ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ]]
| editing        = ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱩ
| studio         = [[ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ]]
| distributor    = ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ
| released       = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|6|10}}
| runtime        = ᱑᱔᱐ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=BADRENATH (NC16) |url=https://imdaonline.imda.gov.sg/classification/Search/Film/SearchDetail.aspx?sType=Feature&amp;sRowID=AAAgZnAAAAAADF8AAB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028002031/https://imdaonline.imda.gov.sg/classification/Search/Film/SearchDetail.aspx?sType=Feature&amp;sRowID=AAAgZnAAAAAADF8AAB |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=[[Infocomm Media Development Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| country        = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| language       = ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ
| budget         = {{INR}}᱓᱕–᱔᱒ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2011 |title=Badrinath |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/Jun/14/badrinath-262670.html |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tollywood actor Allu Arjun's film Badrinath costs Rs 42 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20110620-actor-allu-arjun-film-badrinath-most-expensive-tollywood-film-746467-2011-06-10 |access-date=17 June 2011 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;
}}

'''''ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ''''' (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''''ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱮᱱᱟᱛᱷ''''')&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Badrenath (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/badrenath-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/925480747 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412135047/https://music.apple.com/us/album/badrenath-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/925480747 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |access-date=12 April 2020 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱞᱩ ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Badrinath temple is a backdrop of the film |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-shooting-badrinath-in-the-himalayas/20110607.htm#1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610005106/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-shooting-badrinath-in-the-himalayas/20110607.htm#1 |archive-date=10 June 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |publisher=[[Rediff.com]] |quote=It's an action-oriented love story and the Badrinath temple is a backdrop.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chiru, Ram Charan, Allu Arjun at Badrinath audio launch |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/chiru-ram-charan-allu-arjun-at-badrinath-audio-launch-10407#photo-128374 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623134636/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/chiru-ram-charan-allu-arjun-at-badrinath-audio-launch-10407#photo-128374 |archive-date=23 June 2013 |access-date=8 May 2011 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |quote=Badrinath is an action love story which has generated quite a hype among Allu Arjun's fans.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ|ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ]] ᱢᱩᱬ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱚᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ|ᱛᱚᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]], ᱠᱮᱞᱤ ᱰᱚᱨᱡᱤ, [[ᱚᱥᱣᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱥᱮᱠᱚᱨ|ᱚᱥᱣᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱥᱮᱠᱚᱨ]], ᱨᱟᱠᱮᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱨᱤ, ᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱢᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱜᱟᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ  ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱢᱟᱢᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱫᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2011 |title=Allu Arjun romances Tamannaah in Italy |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/allu-arjun-romances-tamannaah-italy-070231101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729065241/https://www.yahoo.com/news/allu-arjun-romances-tamannaah-italy-070231101.html |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=22 May 2011 |publisher=[[Yahoo!]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Allu Arjun's Badrinath audio released |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/allu-arjuns-badrinath-audio-released/articleshow/8194756.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606112326/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/allu-arjuns-badrinath-audio-released/articleshow/8194756.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=6 June 2021 |access-date=8 May 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |quote=The film, directed by VV Vinayak is an action-packed, romantic entertainer.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱐O ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱚᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;toi&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 August 2011 |title=Badrinath completes 50days in 187 theatres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Badrinath-completes-50days-in-187-theatres/articleshow/9466159.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060804/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-03/news-interviews/29846171_1_badrinath-allu-arjun-theatres |archive-date=3 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ - ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dookudu sweeps Filmfare awards for year 2011 |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/filmfaresouthawards2011.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710003812/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/filmfaresouthawards2011.html |archive-date=10 July 2012 |access-date=1 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ==

ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ  ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱜᱩᱯᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭ  ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱤᱢ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱸᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ==

{{Infobox album
| name       = ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ
| type       = ᱥᱟᱶᱩᱰᱴᱨᱟᱠ
| artist     = [[ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱤᱨᱚᱵᱚᱬᱤ]]
| cover      = 
| alt        =
| released   = ᱗ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| recorded   = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| venue      =
| studio     =
| genre      = Soundtrack
| length     = ᱓᱕:᱔᱙
| label      = [[ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱣᱡᱤᱠ]]
| producer   = ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱤᱨᱚᱵᱚᱬᱤ
| prev_title = [[:en:Once Upon a Warrior|Once Upon a Warrior]]
| prev_year  = 2011
| next_title = ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱱᱱᱟ
| next_year  = 2011
}}

== Plot ==
Bheeshma Narayan is a religious guru and martial arts expert, who selects Badri, a shepherd's son, and trains him into becoming an efficient [[samurai]] and the protector of [[Badrinath Temple]]. He soon meets Alakananda, an atheist woman whom he throws into the [[Alaknanda River|namesake river]] as a punishment for blowing a lamp at the temple, especially after he cured her ill grandfather. He rescues her after Bheeshma, convinced by her grandfather, orders him. Alakananda is ordered to light 1 lakh lamps as punishment, which Badri convinces her to do with devotion.

Alakananda's grandfather reveals that she became an atheist after watching her parents die in a temple fire. And Alakananda grew up to become the object of hatred from her aunt, as she wants to get Alakananda forcibly married to her son Nani as a form of revenge. Badri takes up the challenge to revive her faith in God. She falls for him after he performs [[Pinda (riceball)|Pind Daan]] for her parents. Later, Badri is summoned by Bheeshma to protect the [[Amarnath Temple]] whose protector has been killed. After killing a group of terrorists with his sword, Badri is introduced publicly by Bheeshma. Alakananda, whose faith in God has also been revived, meets Badri's parents who agree to their marriage, but are caught in a dilemma when Bheeshma tells them that Badri has to remain [[Celibacy|celibate]] in order to succeed him.

Alakananda is heartbroken, but Badri promises to unite her with her lover, not knowing it is him, by helping her offer a Brahma lotus, to retrieve which they travel into the mountains. On the other hand, Alakananda's cruel uncle Sarkar learns about Badri from the Amarnath incident footage and sends Nani to retrieve Alakananda after Badri dies. The gang attacks Badri and Alakananda as they race against time to reach the temple, but Badri guards her from them and allows her to enter the temple and make her wish. Alakananda demands Badri as her lover while Bheeshma demands him as his successor. While Badri is distracted, Nani throws a statue into the river, which Badri retrieves after jumping into it and killing the henchmen, but is stabbed by Nani upon reinstating the statue and is accused of being in love with Alakananda.

Bheeshma gets shocked and his suspicion further grows as he watches Akakananda being taken away and Badri gaining consciousness to call out her name. The temple is closed temporarily for six months, during which Badri recuperates and Alakananda is engaged to Nani after Sarkar kills her grandfather. Alakananda writes a letter to Badri for help, which Bheeshma receives and tears apart, but is found by Badri and replies with the same mountain soil he used to cure her grandfather. Sarkar and his family learn from a guru that the wedding is not destined to happen. Alakananda tries to escape along with her friend Razia, but is captured and only the latter escapes, convincing Badri to secretly go to Bellary and extract Alakananda.

In Badri's and Bheeshma's absence, Sarkar leads his henchmen to Badrinath and destroys the ashram, while Badri himself massacres the henchmen at Bellary railway station and impales Nani before rescuing Alakananda. Seeing the ashram in ruins and realizing Badri took along his sword meant only for religious protection, an enraged Bheeshma orders Badri to vacate Badrinath after the latter arrives with Alakananda. She thanks God for freeing Badri from Bheeshma's clutches, but Sarkar, his wife and henchmen arrive at Badrinath to kidnap Alakananda, Badri hands her over and reveals he only wanted to keep his promise and never had feelings for her, but dedicated his life to his mentor instead.

Bheeshma asks for Badri's apology and allows him to pray, before Alakananda reveals she loves none other than Badri, who is unfazed as she is being taken away. However, Bheeshma is moved by Alakananda's love for Badri and orders him to live for her. Badri kills the henchmen and defeats Sarkar after a [[Duel|knife duel]], sparing him on the condition to never pursue Alakananda in the future. Badri and Alakananda are blessed by everyone at the temple, and before departing are asked by Bheeshma to hand over their future child for training.

== Plot ==
ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱥᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟs ᱮ ᱚ __('ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ') ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟs ᱮ ᱚ__ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ]] ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ  πλα ᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱜᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱢᱟs ᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

Alakananda's grandfather reveals that she became an atheist after watching her parents die in a temple fire. And Alakananda grew up to become the object of hatred from her aunt, as she wants to get Alakananda forcibly married to her son Nani as a form of revenge. Badri takes up the challenge to revive her faith in God. She falls for him after he performs [[Pinda (riceball)|Pind Daan]] for her parents. Later, Badri is summoned by Bheeshma to protect the [[Amarnath Temple]] whose protector has been killed. After killing a group of terrorists with his sword, Badri is introduced publicly by Bheeshma. Alakananda, whose faith in God has also been revived, meets Badri's parents who agree to their marriage, but are caught in a dilemma when Bheeshma tells them that Badri has to remain [[Celibacy|celibate]] in order to succeed him.

Alakananda is heartbroken, but Badri promises to unite her with her lover, not knowing it is him, by helping her offer a Brahma lotus, to retrieve which they travel into the mountains. On the other hand, Alakananda's cruel uncle Sarkar learns about Badri from the Amarnath incident footage and sends Nani to retrieve Alakananda after Badri dies. The gang attacks Badri and Alakananda as they race against time to reach the temple, but Badri guards her from them and allows her to enter the temple and make her wish. Alakananda demands Badri as her lover while Bheeshma demands him as his successor. While Badri is distracted, Nani throws a statue into the river, which Badri retrieves after jumping into it and killing the henchmen, but is stabbed by Nani upon reinstating the statue and is accused of being in love with Alakananda.

Bheeshma gets shocked and his suspicion further grows as he watches Akakananda being taken away and Badri gaining consciousness to call out her name. The temple is closed temporarily for six months, during which Badri recuperates and Alakananda is engaged to Nani after Sarkar kills her grandfather. Alakananda writes a letter to Badri for help, which Bheeshma receives and tears apart, but is found by Badri and replies with the same mountain soil he used to cure her grandfather. Sarkar and his family learn from a guru that the wedding is not destined to happen. Alakananda tries to escape along with her friend Razia, but is captured and only the latter escapes, convincing Badri to secretly go to Bellary and extract Alakananda.

In Badri's and Bheeshma's absence, Sarkar leads his henchmen to Badrinath and destroys the ashram, while Badri himself massacres the henchmen at Bellary railway station and impales Nani before rescuing Alakananda. Seeing the ashram in ruins and realizing Badri took along his sword meant only for religious protection, an enraged Bheeshma orders Badri to vacate Badrinath after the latter arrives with Alakananda. She thanks God for freeing Badri from Bheeshma's clutches, but Sarkar, his wife and henchmen arrive at Badrinath to kidnap Alakananda, Badri hands her over and reveals he only wanted to keep his promise and never had feelings for her, but dedicated his life to his mentor instead.

Bheeshma asks for Badri's apology and allows him to pray, before Alakananda reveals she loves none other than Badri, who is unfazed as she is being taken away. However, Bheeshma is moved by Alakananda's love for Badri and orders him to live for her. Badri kills the henchmen and defeats Sarkar after a [[Duel|knife duel]], sparing him on the condition to never pursue Alakananda in the future. Badri and Alakananda are blessed by everyone at the temple, and before departing are asked by Bheeshma to hand over their future child for training.</text>
      <sha1>faqmr9buxgmje2kbgffcqxf2xvjj1qd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198089</id>
      <parentid>198088</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T08:32:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ramjit Tudu</username>
        <id>52</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ */ Translated section from [[:en:Badrinath (film)]] via Source Translation Tool (https://source-translation.toolforge.org)</comment>
      <origin>198089</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22832" sha1="0sn68x1bi6nproker12l2nsbbll8ejn" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| name           = ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ
| image          = Badrinath poster.jpg
| alt            = ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ  ᱨᱮ  ᱛᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ᱾
| caption        = ᱥᱤᱱᱮᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱟᱨ
| director       = [[ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ]]
| producer       = [[ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱚᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ]]
| writer         = ᱪᱤᱱᱱᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟ
| starring       = {{plainlist|
* [[ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ]]
* [[ᱛᱚᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ]]
* [[ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱠᱮᱞᱤ ᱫᱳᱨᱡᱤ]]
* [[ᱚᱥᱣᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱥᱮᱠᱚᱨ]]}}
| music          = [[ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱤᱨᱚᱵᱚᱬᱤ]]
| cinematography = [[ᱪᱳᱴᱟ ᱠᱮ. ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ]]
| editing        = ᱜᱚᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱩ
| studio         = [[ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ]]
| distributor    = ᱜᱤᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ
| released       = {{Film date|df=yes|2011|6|10}}
| runtime        = ᱑᱔᱐ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ&lt;ref name=&quot;IMDA&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=BADRENATH (NC16) |url=https://imdaonline.imda.gov.sg/classification/Search/Film/SearchDetail.aspx?sType=Feature&amp;sRowID=AAAgZnAAAAAADF8AAB |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221028002031/https://imdaonline.imda.gov.sg/classification/Search/Film/SearchDetail.aspx?sType=Feature&amp;sRowID=AAAgZnAAAAAADF8AAB |archive-date=28 October 2022 |access-date=7 December 2020 |website=[[Infocomm Media Development Authority]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| country        = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| language       = ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ
| budget         = {{INR}}᱓᱕–᱔᱒ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=14 June 2011 |title=Badrinath |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2011/Jun/14/badrinath-262670.html |access-date=12 June 2024 |website=The New Indian Express}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Tollywood actor Allu Arjun's film Badrinath costs Rs 42 crore |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/eyecatchers/story/20110620-actor-allu-arjun-film-badrinath-most-expensive-tollywood-film-746467-2011-06-10 |access-date=17 June 2011 |website=[[India Today]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| gross          = &lt;!--Must cite a reliable published source with a reputation for fact-checking. No blogs, no IMDb. no fan-sites.--&gt;
}}

'''''ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ''''' (ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''''ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱮᱱᱟᱛᱷ''''')&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Badrenath (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) |url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/badrenath-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/925480747 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200412135047/https://music.apple.com/us/album/badrenath-original-motion-picture-soundtrack/925480747 |archive-date=12 April 2020 |access-date=12 April 2020 |website=[[Apple Music]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱹ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱞᱩ ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱤᱱᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Badrinath temple is a backdrop of the film |url=https://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-shooting-badrinath-in-the-himalayas/20110607.htm#1 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610005106/http://www.rediff.com/movies/slide-show/slide-show-1-south-shooting-badrinath-in-the-himalayas/20110607.htm#1 |archive-date=10 June 2011 |access-date=7 June 2011 |publisher=[[Rediff.com]] |quote=It's an action-oriented love story and the Badrinath temple is a backdrop.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Chiru, Ram Charan, Allu Arjun at Badrinath audio launch |url=https://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/chiru-ram-charan-allu-arjun-at-badrinath-audio-launch-10407#photo-128374 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130623134636/http://www.ndtv.com/photos/entertainment/chiru-ram-charan-allu-arjun-at-badrinath-audio-launch-10407#photo-128374 |archive-date=23 June 2013 |access-date=8 May 2011 |publisher=[[NDTV]] |quote=Badrinath is an action love story which has generated quite a hype among Allu Arjun's fans.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ|ᱚᱞᱞᱩ ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ]] ᱢᱩᱬ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱚᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ|ᱛᱚᱢᱟᱱᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱴᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]], ᱠᱮᱞᱤ ᱰᱚᱨᱡᱤ, [[ᱚᱥᱣᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱥᱮᱠᱚᱨ|ᱚᱥᱣᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱥᱮᱠᱚᱨ]], ᱨᱟᱠᱮᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱨᱤ, ᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱢᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱜᱟᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ  ᱾ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟᱵᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱢᱟᱢᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱫᱤᱡ ᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=22 May 2011 |title=Allu Arjun romances Tamannaah in Italy |url=https://www.yahoo.com/news/allu-arjun-romances-tamannaah-italy-070231101.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729065241/https://www.yahoo.com/news/allu-arjun-romances-tamannaah-italy-070231101.html |archive-date=29 July 2021 |access-date=22 May 2011 |publisher=[[Yahoo!]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Allu Arjun's Badrinath audio released |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/allu-arjuns-badrinath-audio-released/articleshow/8194756.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606112326/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/regional/movie-details/news-interviews/allu-arjuns-badrinath-audio-released/articleshow/8194756.cms?from=mdr |archive-date=6 June 2021 |access-date=8 May 2011 |work=[[The Times of India]] |quote=The film, directed by VV Vinayak is an action-packed, romantic entertainer.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱐O ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱠᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱚᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱛᱟ ᱮ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;toi&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=3 August 2011 |title=Badrinath completes 50days in 187 theatres |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/others/news-interviews/Badrinath-completes-50days-in-187-theatres/articleshow/9466159.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203060804/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-08-03/news-interviews/29846171_1_badrinath-allu-arjun-theatres |archive-date=3 December 2013 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱱᱟᱛᱷ&quot; ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱨᱮᱢ ᱨᱚᱠᱷᱤᱛ]] ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ - ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Dookudu sweeps Filmfare awards for year 2011 |url=http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/filmfaresouthawards2011.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120710003812/http://www.idlebrain.com/news/2000march20/filmfaresouthawards2011.html |archive-date=10 July 2012 |access-date=1 June 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ==

ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ  ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱜᱩᱯᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱚᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱤᱬᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭ  ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱤᱢ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱸᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱫ ᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ==

{{Infobox album
| name       = ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ
| type       = ᱥᱟᱶᱩᱰᱴᱨᱟᱠ
| artist     = [[ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱤᱨᱚᱵᱚᱬᱤ]]
| cover      = 
| alt        =
| released   = ᱗ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| recorded   = ᱒᱐᱑᱑
| venue      =
| studio     =
| genre      = Soundtrack
| length     = ᱓᱕:᱔᱙
| label      = [[ᱟᱫᱤᱛᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱣᱡᱤᱠ]]
| producer   = ᱮᱢ. ᱮᱢ. ᱠᱤᱨᱚᱵᱚᱬᱤ
| prev_title = [[:en:Once Upon a Warrior|Once Upon a Warrior]]
| prev_year  = 2011
| next_title = ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱱᱱᱟ
| next_year  = 2011
}}

== Plot ==
Bheeshma Narayan is a religious guru and martial arts expert, who selects Badri, a shepherd's son, and trains him into becoming an efficient [[samurai]] and the protector of [[Badrinath Temple]]. He soon meets Alakananda, an atheist woman whom he throws into the [[Alaknanda River|namesake river]] as a punishment for blowing a lamp at the temple, especially after he cured her ill grandfather. He rescues her after Bheeshma, convinced by her grandfather, orders him. Alakananda is ordered to light 1 lakh lamps as punishment, which Badri convinces her to do with devotion.

Alakananda's grandfather reveals that she became an atheist after watching her parents die in a temple fire. And Alakananda grew up to become the object of hatred from her aunt, as she wants to get Alakananda forcibly married to her son Nani as a form of revenge. Badri takes up the challenge to revive her faith in God. She falls for him after he performs [[Pinda (riceball)|Pind Daan]] for her parents. Later, Badri is summoned by Bheeshma to protect the [[Amarnath Temple]] whose protector has been killed. After killing a group of terrorists with his sword, Badri is introduced publicly by Bheeshma. Alakananda, whose faith in God has also been revived, meets Badri's parents who agree to their marriage, but are caught in a dilemma when Bheeshma tells them that Badri has to remain [[Celibacy|celibate]] in order to succeed him.

Alakananda is heartbroken, but Badri promises to unite her with her lover, not knowing it is him, by helping her offer a Brahma lotus, to retrieve which they travel into the mountains. On the other hand, Alakananda's cruel uncle Sarkar learns about Badri from the Amarnath incident footage and sends Nani to retrieve Alakananda after Badri dies. The gang attacks Badri and Alakananda as they race against time to reach the temple, but Badri guards her from them and allows her to enter the temple and make her wish. Alakananda demands Badri as her lover while Bheeshma demands him as his successor. While Badri is distracted, Nani throws a statue into the river, which Badri retrieves after jumping into it and killing the henchmen, but is stabbed by Nani upon reinstating the statue and is accused of being in love with Alakananda.

Bheeshma gets shocked and his suspicion further grows as he watches Akakananda being taken away and Badri gaining consciousness to call out her name. The temple is closed temporarily for six months, during which Badri recuperates and Alakananda is engaged to Nani after Sarkar kills her grandfather. Alakananda writes a letter to Badri for help, which Bheeshma receives and tears apart, but is found by Badri and replies with the same mountain soil he used to cure her grandfather. Sarkar and his family learn from a guru that the wedding is not destined to happen. Alakananda tries to escape along with her friend Razia, but is captured and only the latter escapes, convincing Badri to secretly go to Bellary and extract Alakananda.

In Badri's and Bheeshma's absence, Sarkar leads his henchmen to Badrinath and destroys the ashram, while Badri himself massacres the henchmen at Bellary railway station and impales Nani before rescuing Alakananda. Seeing the ashram in ruins and realizing Badri took along his sword meant only for religious protection, an enraged Bheeshma orders Badri to vacate Badrinath after the latter arrives with Alakananda. She thanks God for freeing Badri from Bheeshma's clutches, but Sarkar, his wife and henchmen arrive at Badrinath to kidnap Alakananda, Badri hands her over and reveals he only wanted to keep his promise and never had feelings for her, but dedicated his life to his mentor instead.

Bheeshma asks for Badri's apology and allows him to pray, before Alakananda reveals she loves none other than Badri, who is unfazed as she is being taken away. However, Bheeshma is moved by Alakananda's love for Badri and orders him to live for her. Badri kills the henchmen and defeats Sarkar after a [[Duel|knife duel]], sparing him on the condition to never pursue Alakananda in the future. Badri and Alakananda are blessed by everyone at the temple, and before departing are asked by Bheeshma to hand over their future child for training.

== Plot ==
ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱥᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱤᱠ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟs ᱮ ᱚ __('ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ') ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱟs ᱮ ᱚ__ ᱚᱠᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ]] ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ  πλα ᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱜᱤ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱢᱟs ᱡᱩᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾

Alakananda's grandfather reveals that she became an atheist after watching her parents die in a temple fire. And Alakananda grew up to become the object of hatred from her aunt, as she wants to get Alakananda forcibly married to her son Nani as a form of revenge. Badri takes up the challenge to revive her faith in God. She falls for him after he performs [[Pinda (riceball)|Pind Daan]] for her parents. Later, Badri is summoned by Bheeshma to protect the [[Amarnath Temple]] whose protector has been killed. After killing a group of terrorists with his sword, Badri is introduced publicly by Bheeshma. Alakananda, whose faith in God has also been revived, meets Badri's parents who agree to their marriage, but are caught in a dilemma when Bheeshma tells them that Badri has to remain [[Celibacy|celibate]] in order to succeed him.

Alakananda is heartbroken, but Badri promises to unite her with her lover, not knowing it is him, by helping her offer a Brahma lotus, to retrieve which they travel into the mountains. On the other hand, Alakananda's cruel uncle Sarkar learns about Badri from the Amarnath incident footage and sends Nani to retrieve Alakananda after Badri dies. The gang attacks Badri and Alakananda as they race against time to reach the temple, but Badri guards her from them and allows her to enter the temple and make her wish. Alakananda demands Badri as her lover while Bheeshma demands him as his successor. While Badri is distracted, Nani throws a statue into the river, which Badri retrieves after jumping into it and killing the henchmen, but is stabbed by Nani upon reinstating the statue and is accused of being in love with Alakananda.

Bheeshma gets shocked and his suspicion further grows as he watches Akakananda being taken away and Badri gaining consciousness to call out her name. The temple is closed temporarily for six months, during which Badri recuperates and Alakananda is engaged to Nani after Sarkar kills her grandfather. Alakananda writes a letter to Badri for help, which Bheeshma receives and tears apart, but is found by Badri and replies with the same mountain soil he used to cure her grandfather. Sarkar and his family learn from a guru that the wedding is not destined to happen. Alakananda tries to escape along with her friend Razia, but is captured and only the latter escapes, convincing Badri to secretly go to Bellary and extract Alakananda.

In Badri's and Bheeshma's absence, Sarkar leads his henchmen to Badrinath and destroys the ashram, while Badri himself massacres the henchmen at Bellary railway station and impales Nani before rescuing Alakananda. Seeing the ashram in ruins and realizing Badri took along his sword meant only for religious protection, an enraged Bheeshma orders Badri to vacate Badrinath after the latter arrives with Alakananda. She thanks God for freeing Badri from Bheeshma's clutches, but Sarkar, his wife and henchmen arrive at Badrinath to kidnap Alakananda, Badri hands her over and reveals he only wanted to keep his promise and never had feelings for her, but dedicated his life to his mentor instead.

Bheeshma asks for Badri's apology and allows him to pray, before Alakananda reveals she loves none other than Badri, who is unfazed as she is being taken away. However, Bheeshma is moved by Alakananda's love for Badri and orders him to live for her. Badri kills the henchmen and defeats Sarkar after a [[Duel|knife duel]], sparing him on the condition to never pursue Alakananda in the future. Badri and Alakananda are blessed by everyone at the temple, and before departing are asked by Bheeshma to hand over their future child for training.

== ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ==
ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱦᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱭᱟᱱ Mutan ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱯᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ, ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤᱱᱟᱛᱷ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱮᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ]] ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ  πλα᱇ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱪᱤ ᱮ ᱚᱸᱜᱚᱡ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱤᱥᱢᱚ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱮ ᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱞᱚᱠᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱢᱟᱪᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟହାᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾</text>
      <sha1>0sn68x1bi6nproker12l2nsbbll8ejn</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38094</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198048</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T12:44:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;'''ᱠᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ|ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/oct/11spec.htm/ |work=Rediff |title=Special report |date=11 October 2002 |accessdate=2017-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;  == ᱛ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198048</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2945" sha1="tm6tfd2xlh1y27efso8gwntiozi0ett" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱠᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ|ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2002/oct/11spec.htm/ |work=Rediff |title=Special report |date=11 October 2002 |accessdate=2017-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ==
᱑᱙᱘᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱵᱚᱱᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ''ᱟᱨᱳᱜᱽᱭᱚᱯᱟᱪᱟ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢᱩᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱭᱫᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱤ ᱣᱮᱞᱯᱷᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱚᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱭᱮᱞᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱠᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ''ᱠᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱰᱩ''&lt;ref name=&quot;rediff&quot; /&gt; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |work=The Hindu |title= New tree-living crab species found in Kerala |agency=PTI |date=4 April 2017 |url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/new-tree-living-crab-species-found-in-kerala/article17809088.ece |accessdate=2017-04-05}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* {{cite journal |author1=Dr. S. Sushma Jenifer |author2=Prof. S. Prabahar |date=2022 |title=Language Use And Language Attitudes Among Kani Tribe In Tamil Nadu And Kerala |journal=[[Migration Letters]] |volume=19 |issue=2 |url=https://migrationletters.com/index.php/ml/article/view/10552}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ</title>
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    <revision>
      <id>198049</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T12:51:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{infobox ethnic group | group            = ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ | image            = A KAADAR TRIBALWOMAN OF ANAPPANTHAM,THRISSUR,KERALA.JPG | flag             =  | image_caption          = ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ | population       = ᱒᱐᱐᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The culture of India |date=2011 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Britannica Educational...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198049</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20227" sha1="e4vnakggqmbmd9nfjavluf5k7ibn3g9" xml:space="preserve">{{infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ
| image            = A KAADAR TRIBALWOMAN OF ANAPPANTHAM,THRISSUR,KERALA.JPG
| flag             = 
| image_caption          = ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ
| population       = ᱒᱐᱐᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The culture of India |date=2011 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services |page=29 |quote=The Kadar population was estimated at approximately 2,000 individuals in the early 21st century}}&lt;/ref&gt;-᱔᱐᱐᱐
| popplace         = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]]&lt;ref name=ethnologue/&gt;
| languages            = [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]&lt;ref name=ethnologue&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kej/ |title=Kadar |publisher=Ethnologue |date=2016-02-20 |accessdate=2019-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religions        = [[ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ|ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]
| related_groups          = {{hlist| [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |  [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] | [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ]] | [[ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱨ]]
}}
}}
[[File:Kadar hut.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ]]
[[File:Kadar girl wearing a comb.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱟᱠᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]

'''ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ''' ('''ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱱ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ)&lt;ref name=&quot;Luiz 1986 59&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Tribes of Kerala |first=A. A. D. |last=Luiz |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh |date=1986 |orig-year=1962 |page=59}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱱᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kirtads.kerala.gov.in/tribals-in-kerala/ |title=KIRTADS &amp;#124; Tribals in Kerala |publisher=Kirtads.kerala.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2019-10-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ|ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethnologue/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱠᱟᱰᱩ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱵᱤᱨ',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Races &amp; Cultures of India |first=Dhirendra Nath |last=Majumdar |author-link=Dhirendra Nath Majumdar |edition=second |publisher=Universal Publishers |date=1951 |orig-year=1944 |page=91 |quote=Kadar means forest-dweller. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NeMxAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=kadar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |date=1952 |title=Kadar of Cochin |series=Anthropological series |volume=1 |location=Madras |publisher=[[University of Madras]] |page=3n8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Tribes of Kerala |first=A. A. D. |last=Luiz |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh |date=1986 |orig-year=1962 |page=59 |quote=Their name connotes that they are 'Al' (people) of the Kad (forest).}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=P.R.G. |last=Mathur |title=The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes |volume=2 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |date=1996 |page=76 |chapter=Kadar |isbn=9788185692166 |quote=The word, ''kādan'', in Malayalam, means the dweller in a forest (plural - ''kādar''). The tribe obviously got the name because of their exclusively forest habitat.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Indian Tribes |first1=Mukul |last1=Chakraborti |first2=Dipak |last2=Mukherji |location=Calcutta |publisher=Saraswat Library |date=1971 |pages=37–54 [37] |chapter=3. The Kadars|quote=The word ‘kadar’ is the plural form of Kadan ('forest dweller’) derived from Kadu which means forest in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Indian Tribes |first1=Mukul |last1=Chakraborti |first2=Dipak |last2=Mukherji |location=Calcutta |publisher=Saraswat Library |date=1971 |pages=37–54 [37] |chapter=3. The Kadars|quote=The plainsmen designate this tribe only by this term [Kadar], other forest dewlling ([[sic]]) tribes being known by different names. In anthropological literature the tribe is known as Kadar or Kadir.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱱᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Tribes And Castes Of Cochin |volume=1 |last=Iyer |first=L. K. Ananta Krishna |publisher=Cosmo Publications |date=1981 |orig-year=1909 |pages=1–27 [1] |chapter=1. The Kadars |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.228471/page/n33/mode/1up?q=%22the+kadars%22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kadar Education at Vazhachal |url=https://keralamuseum.org/article/kadar-education-at-vazhachal/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=The Kerala Museum |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱳᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱫᱮᱥᱚᱢ, ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱳᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱟᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Adivasis |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |date=1960 |orig-year=1955 |page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱨᱤᱪᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Luiz 1986 59&quot;/&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=4 |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ, ᱢᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱜᱩ, ᱮᱨᱳᱨᱩᱴ, ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱪᱤ, ᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱟ ᱰᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Kadar |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kadar |url-status= |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/39135/1/Unit-3.pdf |title=Data |publisher=egyankosh.ac.in |date= |accessdate=2019-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=totem |url=https://totemngo.wordpress.com/2014/12/18/tribal-communities-of-kerala/ |title=Tribal Communities of Kerala &amp;#124; totem |publisher=Totemngo.wordpress.com |date=2014-12-18 |accessdate=2019-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱵᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Vol 3 |publisher=Government Press |year=1909 |location=Madras |pages=6–29}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ, ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱛᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ (ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kadan in India |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/17038/IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=11 |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{Main|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=42 |quote='''''Kadar''''': The vitality of mother tongue seems questionable for the Kadar community. Some Kadar subjects said the children speak Malayalam first or at an early age, and some said that the young people in their community don’t know their language as well as the old people. About half of the subjects believed their children will continue to speak their language, about 20 percent felt that they will not, and the rest were not quite sure whether the children will speak the vernacular when they grow up. |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chandramohan |first=P. |date=2025 |chapter=Kadar—An Endangered Dravidian Tribal Language of India |editor1=N. S. Dash |editor2=S. Arulmozi |editor3=N. Ramesh |title=Handbook on Endangered South Asian and Southeast Asian Languages |publisher=Springer |location=Cham |pages=331–363 [331, 336-337] |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15 |isbn=978-3-031-80751-0 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ==
ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ (ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱪᱟᱞ, ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Binoy |first=Anna |date=2018-06-05 |title=Recounting the tales of displacement, injustice and marginalisation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/Jun/05/recounting-the-tales-of-displacement-injustice-and-marginalisation-1823689.html |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

;ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ:
* {{cite book |title=Tribes And Castes Of Cochin |volume=1 |last=Iyer |first=L. K. Ananta Krishna |publisher=Cosmo Publications |date=1981 |orig-year=1909 |pages=1–27 |chapter=1. The Kadars |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.228471/page/n33/mode/1up?q=%22the+kadars%22}}
* {{cite book |last=Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |date=1952 |title=Kadar of Cochin |series=Anthropological series |volume=1 |location=Madras |publisher=[[University of Madras]]}}
* {{Cite book |title=Tribes of Kerala |first=A. A. D. |last=Luiz |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh |date=1986 |orig-year=1962 |pages=59–64}}
* {{cite book |title=Indian Tribes |first1=Mukul |last1=Chakraborti |first2=Dipak |last2=Mukherji |location=Calcutta |publisher=Saraswat Library |date=1971 |pages=37–54 |chapter=3. The Kadars}}
* {{cite book |first=P.R.G. |last=Mathur |title=The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes |volume=2 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |date=1996 |pages=76–86 |chapter=Kadar |isbn=9788185692166}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=A Physical Survey of the Kadar of Kerala |first=Sasanka Sekher |last=Sarkar |publisher=Department of Anthropology, Government of India |date=1960}}
* {{cite book |title=Innere Entwicklungshilfe: eine ethnologische Studie in Südindien |volume=8 |series=Schriftenreihe des Südasien-Instituts der Universität Heidelberg |issn=0440-601X |first=Umar Rolf Freiherr |last=von Ehrenfels |publisher=O. Harrassowitz |date=1969 |language=DE}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=SAHA |first1=N. |last2=KIRK |first2=R.L. |last3=SHANBAG |first3=S. |last4=JOSHI |first4=S.R. |last5=BHATIA |first5=H.M. |date=1974 |title=Genetic studies among the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Human Heredity |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=198–218 |doi=10.1159/000152653 |pmid=4424647 }} 
* {{cite journal |last=Chakrabarti |first=S. B. |date=1987 |title=Family, Marriage and Kinship System in a Food Gathering Community: A Note on the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Human Science |volume=36 |pages=175–185}}
* {{cite journal |last=Xavier |first=S. |date=2018 |title=The Problems and Challenges of the Kadar Tribe of Kerala |journal=Contemporary Voice of Dalit |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=204–215 |doi=10.1177/2455328X18785454}}
* {{cite thesis |title=Socio Cultural Identity of Tribes Kadar Community in Athirapally |last=Sindhu |first=K. K. |publisher=University of Kerala |date=2023 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/571364 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/571364}}

; ᱤᱠᱳᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱠᱟ:
* {{cite journal |last=Chakrabarti |first=S.B. |title=Economic transmutations in a food gathering ecology - a note on the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |volume=14 |issue=l |date=Mar 1979 |pages=33–40}}
* {{cite journal |title=Ecological Anthropological Analysis of the Kadars of the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary |first=S. |last=Mahendrakumar |journal=Man and Life |volume=32 |issue=1-2 |date=2006 |pages=65–72}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chandi |first=M. |date=2008 |title=Tribes of the Anamalais: livelihood and resource-use patterns of communities in the rainforests of the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and Valparai Plateau |series=NCF Technical Report |volume=16 |publisher=Nature Conservation Foundation |location=Mysore |url=https://archive.org/details/ncf-tr-16/page/19/mode/1up}}
* {{Cite book |first=Divya |last=Kalathingal |chapter=Culture and Conservation: A Study of the Kadar Tribe in Kerala |title=Ecocultural Ethics: Critical Essays |series=Ecocritical Theory and Practice |editor1=Rayson K. Alex |editor2=S. Susan Deborah |editor3=Reena Cheruvalath |editor4=Gyan Prakash |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |date=2017 |pages=149–160 |isbn=9781498532488}}
* {{cite web |last=Shaji |first=K. A. |date=December 2019 |title=A community rallies around hornbill habitat to aid conservation |website=[[Mongabay]] India |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2019/12/a-community-rallies-around-hornbill-habitat-to-aid-conservation/ |access-date=30 March 2026}}

; ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ:
* {{cite journal |last=v. Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |title=A Kadan Creation-Myth |journal=Anthropos |volume=45 |issue=1/3 |date=1950 |pages=165–76 |jstor=40450835}}. Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
* {{Cite journal |last=Hermanns |first=M. |title=161. Contributions to the Study of Kadan Religion |journal=Man |volume=55 |date=1955 |pages=145–51 |doi=10.2307/2793482 |jstor=2793482 }} Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
* {{cite book |title=The Adivasis |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |date=1960 |orig-year=1955 |pages=50–51 (religion)}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |title=75. Kadan Religion |journal=Man |volume=56 |date=1956 |pages=75–76 |jstor=2794342}} Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
* {{cite journal |last=Mazumdar |first=Satyendra Narayan |title=Kadar folklore |journal=Folklore |volume=3 |issue=6 |date=1962 |pages=273–75}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thundy |first=Zacharias P. |author-link=:de:Zacharias P. Thundy |title=South Indian Folktales of Kadar |publisher=Archana Publications |date=1983}}

{{refend}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱪᱤᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱱᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱪᱤᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱪᱤᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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| flag             = 
| image_caption          = ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ
| population       = ᱒᱐᱐᱐&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The culture of India |date=2011 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services |page=29 |quote=The Kadar population was estimated at approximately 2,000 individuals in the early 21st century}}&lt;/ref&gt;-᱔᱐᱐᱐
| popplace         = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]]&lt;ref name=ethnologue/&gt;
| languages            = [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]&lt;ref name=ethnologue&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/kej/ |title=Kadar |publisher=Ethnologue |date=2016-02-20 |accessdate=2019-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religions        = [[ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ|ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]], [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]
| related_groups          = {{hlist| [[ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] |  [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] | [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ]] | [[ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱨ]]
}}
}}
[[File:Kadar hut.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ]]
[[File:Kadar girl wearing a comb.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱱᱟᱠᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]

'''ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ''' ('''ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱱ''' ᱥᱮ '''ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ)&lt;ref name=&quot;Luiz 1986 59&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |title=Tribes of Kerala |first=A. A. D. |last=Luiz |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh |date=1986 |orig-year=1962 |page=59}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱱᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://kirtads.kerala.gov.in/tribals-in-kerala/ |title=KIRTADS &amp;#124; Tribals in Kerala |publisher=Kirtads.kerala.gov.in |date= |accessdate=2019-10-30 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ|ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=ethnologue/&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱠᱟᱰᱩ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱵᱤᱨ',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Races &amp; Cultures of India |first=Dhirendra Nath |last=Majumdar |author-link=Dhirendra Nath Majumdar |edition=second |publisher=Universal Publishers |date=1951 |orig-year=1944 |page=91 |quote=Kadar means forest-dweller. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NeMxAAAAIAAJ&amp;q=kadar}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |date=1952 |title=Kadar of Cochin |series=Anthropological series |volume=1 |location=Madras |publisher=[[University of Madras]] |page=3n8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |title=Tribes of Kerala |first=A. A. D. |last=Luiz |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh |date=1986 |orig-year=1962 |page=59 |quote=Their name connotes that they are 'Al' (people) of the Kad (forest).}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=P.R.G. |last=Mathur |title=The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes |volume=2 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |date=1996 |page=76 |chapter=Kadar |isbn=9788185692166 |quote=The word, ''kādan'', in Malayalam, means the dweller in a forest (plural - ''kādar''). The tribe obviously got the name because of their exclusively forest habitat.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Indian Tribes |first1=Mukul |last1=Chakraborti |first2=Dipak |last2=Mukherji |location=Calcutta |publisher=Saraswat Library |date=1971 |pages=37–54 [37] |chapter=3. The Kadars|quote=The word ‘kadar’ is the plural form of Kadan ('forest dweller’) derived from Kadu which means forest in [[Tamil language|Tamil]].}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Indian Tribes |first1=Mukul |last1=Chakraborti |first2=Dipak |last2=Mukherji |location=Calcutta |publisher=Saraswat Library |date=1971 |pages=37–54 [37] |chapter=3. The Kadars|quote=The plainsmen designate this tribe only by this term [Kadar], other forest dewlling ([[sic]]) tribes being known by different names. In anthropological literature the tribe is known as Kadar or Kadir.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱱᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Tribes And Castes Of Cochin |volume=1 |last=Iyer |first=L. K. Ananta Krishna |publisher=Cosmo Publications |date=1981 |orig-year=1909 |pages=1–27 [1] |chapter=1. The Kadars |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.228471/page/n33/mode/1up?q=%22the+kadars%22}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kadar Education at Vazhachal |url=https://keralamuseum.org/article/kadar-education-at-vazhachal/ |access-date=2024-06-03 |website=The Kerala Museum |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱕᱕ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱟᱭᱱᱟᱰ ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱳᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱫᱮᱥᱚᱢ, ᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱳᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱝᱜᱚᱞᱟᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Adivasis |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |date=1960 |orig-year=1955 |page=50}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱨᱤᱪᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Luiz 1986 59&quot;/&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ [[ᱯᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=4 |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ==
ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ, ᱢᱚᱢ, ᱥᱟᱜᱩ, ᱮᱨᱳᱨᱩᱴ, ᱤᱞᱟᱹᱪᱤ, ᱟᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱟ ᱰᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=15 September 2014 |title=Kadar |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Kadar |url-status= |access-date=25 May 2023 |website=Britannica}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/39135/1/Unit-3.pdf |title=Data |publisher=egyankosh.ac.in |date= |accessdate=2019-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|author=totem |url=https://totemngo.wordpress.com/2014/12/18/tribal-communities-of-kerala/ |title=Tribal Communities of Kerala &amp;#124; totem |publisher=Totemngo.wordpress.com |date=2014-12-18 |accessdate=2019-10-30}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱵᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Thurston |first=Edgar |title=Castes and Tribes of Southern India, Vol 3 |publisher=Government Press |year=1909 |location=Madras |pages=6–29}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ, ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱛᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ (ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝᱼᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kadan in India |url=https://joshuaproject.net/people_groups/17038/IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=11 |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
{{Main|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}}
ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=42 |quote='''''Kadar''''': The vitality of mother tongue seems questionable for the Kadar community. Some Kadar subjects said the children speak Malayalam first or at an early age, and some said that the young people in their community don’t know their language as well as the old people. About half of the subjects believed their children will continue to speak their language, about 20 percent felt that they will not, and the rest were not quite sure whether the children will speak the vernacular when they grow up. |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chandramohan |first=P. |date=2025 |chapter=Kadar—An Endangered Dravidian Tribal Language of India |editor1=N. S. Dash |editor2=S. Arulmozi |editor3=N. Ramesh |title=Handbook on Endangered South Asian and Southeast Asian Languages |publisher=Springer |location=Cham |pages=331–363 [331, 336-337] |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15 |isbn=978-3-031-80751-0 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ==
ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ (ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱳᱨᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ) ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
[[ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱪᱟᱞ]], ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱢᱮᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Binoy |first=Anna |date=2018-06-05 |title=Recounting the tales of displacement, injustice and marginalisation |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/kochi/2018/Jun/05/recounting-the-tales-of-displacement-injustice-and-marginalisation-1823689.html |access-date=2025-09-14 |website=The New Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

;ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ:
* {{cite book |title=Tribes And Castes Of Cochin |volume=1 |last=Iyer |first=L. K. Ananta Krishna |publisher=Cosmo Publications |date=1981 |orig-year=1909 |pages=1–27 |chapter=1. The Kadars |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.228471/page/n33/mode/1up?q=%22the+kadars%22}}
* {{cite book |last=Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |date=1952 |title=Kadar of Cochin |series=Anthropological series |volume=1 |location=Madras |publisher=[[University of Madras]]}}
* {{Cite book |title=Tribes of Kerala |first=A. A. D. |last=Luiz |publisher=Bharatiya Adimjati Sevak Sangh |date=1986 |orig-year=1962 |pages=59–64}}
* {{cite book |title=Indian Tribes |first1=Mukul |last1=Chakraborti |first2=Dipak |last2=Mukherji |location=Calcutta |publisher=Saraswat Library |date=1971 |pages=37–54 |chapter=3. The Kadars}}
* {{cite book |first=P.R.G. |last=Mathur |title=The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes |volume=2 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |date=1996 |pages=76–86 |chapter=Kadar |isbn=9788185692166}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |title=A Physical Survey of the Kadar of Kerala |first=Sasanka Sekher |last=Sarkar |publisher=Department of Anthropology, Government of India |date=1960}}
* {{cite book |title=Innere Entwicklungshilfe: eine ethnologische Studie in Südindien |volume=8 |series=Schriftenreihe des Südasien-Instituts der Universität Heidelberg |issn=0440-601X |first=Umar Rolf Freiherr |last=von Ehrenfels |publisher=O. Harrassowitz |date=1969 |language=DE}}
* {{Cite journal |last1=SAHA |first1=N. |last2=KIRK |first2=R.L. |last3=SHANBAG |first3=S. |last4=JOSHI |first4=S.R. |last5=BHATIA |first5=H.M. |date=1974 |title=Genetic studies among the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Human Heredity |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=198–218 |doi=10.1159/000152653 |pmid=4424647 }} 
* {{cite journal |last=Chakrabarti |first=S. B. |date=1987 |title=Family, Marriage and Kinship System in a Food Gathering Community: A Note on the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Human Science |volume=36 |pages=175–185}}
* {{cite journal |last=Xavier |first=S. |date=2018 |title=The Problems and Challenges of the Kadar Tribe of Kerala |journal=Contemporary Voice of Dalit |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=204–215 |doi=10.1177/2455328X18785454}}
* {{cite thesis |title=Socio Cultural Identity of Tribes Kadar Community in Athirapally |last=Sindhu |first=K. K. |publisher=University of Kerala |date=2023 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/571364 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/571364}}

; ᱤᱠᱳᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱠᱟ:
* {{cite journal |last=Chakrabarti |first=S.B. |title=Economic transmutations in a food gathering ecology - a note on the Kadar of Kerala |journal=Journal of the Indian Anthropological Society |volume=14 |issue=l |date=Mar 1979 |pages=33–40}}
* {{cite journal |title=Ecological Anthropological Analysis of the Kadars of the Parambikulam Wildlife Sanctuary |first=S. |last=Mahendrakumar |journal=Man and Life |volume=32 |issue=1-2 |date=2006 |pages=65–72}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chandi |first=M. |date=2008 |title=Tribes of the Anamalais: livelihood and resource-use patterns of communities in the rainforests of the Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and Valparai Plateau |series=NCF Technical Report |volume=16 |publisher=Nature Conservation Foundation |location=Mysore |url=https://archive.org/details/ncf-tr-16/page/19/mode/1up}}
* {{Cite book |first=Divya |last=Kalathingal |chapter=Culture and Conservation: A Study of the Kadar Tribe in Kerala |title=Ecocultural Ethics: Critical Essays |series=Ecocritical Theory and Practice |editor1=Rayson K. Alex |editor2=S. Susan Deborah |editor3=Reena Cheruvalath |editor4=Gyan Prakash |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing PLC |date=2017 |pages=149–160 |isbn=9781498532488}}
* {{cite web |last=Shaji |first=K. A. |date=December 2019 |title=A community rallies around hornbill habitat to aid conservation |website=[[Mongabay]] India |url=https://india.mongabay.com/2019/12/a-community-rallies-around-hornbill-habitat-to-aid-conservation/ |access-date=30 March 2026}}

; ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ:
* {{cite journal |last=v. Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |title=A Kadan Creation-Myth |journal=Anthropos |volume=45 |issue=1/3 |date=1950 |pages=165–76 |jstor=40450835}}. Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
* {{Cite journal |last=Hermanns |first=M. |title=161. Contributions to the Study of Kadan Religion |journal=Man |volume=55 |date=1955 |pages=145–51 |doi=10.2307/2793482 |jstor=2793482 }} Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
* {{cite book |title=The Adivasis |publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India |date=1960 |orig-year=1955 |pages=50–51 (religion)}}
* {{Cite journal |last=Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |title=75. Kadan Religion |journal=Man |volume=56 |date=1956 |pages=75–76 |jstor=2794342}} Accessed 6 Dec. 2025.
* {{cite journal |last=Mazumdar |first=Satyendra Narayan |title=Kadar folklore |journal=Folklore |volume=3 |issue=6 |date=1962 |pages=273–75}}
* {{Cite book |last=Thundy |first=Zacharias P. |author-link=:de:Zacharias P. Thundy |title=South Indian Folktales of Kadar |publisher=Archana Publications |date=1983}}

{{refend}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
*{{Commons category-inline}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱪᱤᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱱᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱪᱤᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱪᱤᱵᱚᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38096</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198050</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T12:57:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox language | name             = ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ | altname          =  | states           = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region           = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]], [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] | speakers         = {{sigfig|1960|2}} | date             = ᱒૦૦᱔ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ | ref              = e18 | familycolor      = Dravidian | fam2             = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ | fam3             = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="13567" sha1="93vtlorn7b69v9gym30t62fwjry63pk" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox language
| name             = ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ
| altname          = 
| states           = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
| region           = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]], [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]]
| speakers         = {{sigfig|1960|2}}
| date             = ᱒૦૦᱔ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ
| ref              = e18
| familycolor      = Dravidian
| fam2             = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ
| fam3             = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱑]]
| fam4             = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱲ]]
| fam5             = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱴᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱠᱳᱴᱟ]]
| fam6             = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱴᱳᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱴᱳᱰᱟ]]
| fam7             = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱨᱩᱞᱟ]]
| fam8             = ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ–[[ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱳᱰᱟᱵᱷᱟ]]–[[ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱟᱞᱤ]]
| fam9             = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]–[[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]]
| fam10            = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱚᱭᱮᱰ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of language and linguistics |date=2006 |location=Amsterdam; London |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=14 |editor=Keith Brown |page=266}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| ancestor         = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]
| ancestor2        = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]
| iso3             = kej
| glotto           = kada1242
| glottorefname    = Kadar
| ethnicity        = ᱒,᱐᱐᱐ [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The culture of India |date=2011 |location=New York, NY |publisher=Britannica Educational Pub. in association with Rosen Educational Services |p=29 |quote=The Kadar population was estimated at approximately 2,000 individuals in the early 21st century}}&lt;/ref&gt;
}}

'''ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ''' ({{ipa|kej|kaːɖɐr|ipa}}), ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ '''ᱠᱟᱫᱟ''', '''ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱱ''' ᱟᱨ '''ᱠᱟᱫᱤᱨ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Zvelebil |first=Kamil V. |date=1997 |title=Language List for Dravidian |journal=Archiv orientální |volume=65 |issue=2 |pages=175-190 [177, 179] |quote=2. The language list which follows id (sic) designated above as 'possibly exhaustive'. ... Second, it is very probable that there is quite some overlap in the sense that one language is designated by several terms, or that what is in the list qualified as a language is in fact a dialect of a language. ... ''Kadar'' [language] (Kada, Kāḍar, Kāṭan, Kādir, Kadir) ... |url=https://kramerius.lib.cas.cz/view/uuid:1d231dc9-3e4d-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003?page=uuid:213f5cee-3e4d-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of language and linguistics |date=2006 |location=Amsterdam; London |publisher=[[Elsevier]] |volume=14 |editor=Keith Brown |page=266}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ|ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱫᱽᱨᱟᱣᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱳ|ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾

== ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ==

ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes |volume=2 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |date=1996 |pp=92-93 [93] |chapter=Kadar Language |isbn=9788185692166 |quote=The closest relationship [of Kadar language] is with Malayalam.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |first=P.R.G. |last=Mathur |title=The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes |volume=2 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |date=1996 |p=76 |chapter=Kadar |isbn=9788185692166 |quote=The word, ''kādan'', in [[Malayalam language|Malayalam]], means the dweller in a forest (plural - ''kādar''). The tribe obviously got the name because of their exclusively forest habitat.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=18 |quote=The Kada wordlists show 58 to 62 percent similarity with Tamil and 62 percent similarity with Malayalam. |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}
&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=2 |quote=Menon further states that the Kada language [Kadar; [kej]] is identified as a separate language. The phonology of Kada is related to Tamil whereas the vocabulary has a closer relationship with Malayalam. |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}
&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Thundyil |first=Zacharias |author-link=:de:Zacharias P. Thundy |date=1975 |title=The language of the Kadars |journal=International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics |volume=IV |issue=2 |pp=229-248 [246] |quote=Therefore, the Kada language is a language in its own right and, on account of its close similarities with Malayalam, it belongs to the South Dravidian group}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |title=From Proto-South Dravidian to Malayalam |last=Zvelebil |first=K. |journal=Archív Orientální |volume=38 |date=Jan 1970 |pages=45-67 [59] |quote=There is a number of speech-forms used by smaller or more numerous tribes or tribe-like communities in the jungles and other out-of-the-way or inaccessible areas in South India, mainly in the mountaineous regions of the South-West. We are still unable to say which of these tongues are dialects of Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, ... [or] ... separate languages of the SDr sub-family. These doubts concern speechforms used by the Kadar, Irular, Kurumbar, Känikkärar etc. |url=https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/knav/view/uuid:d7cb241b-3e47-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003?page=uuid:dcbded28-3e47-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |title=A Grammar of the Malayalam Language in Historical Treatment |volume=1 |series=Beiträge zur Kenntnis südasiatischer Sprachen und Literaturen |first=Mikhail Sergeevich |last=Andronov |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |date=1996 |page=16 |isbn=9783447038119 |quote=On the whole there are four groups of territorial dialects [of Malayalam] on the map of Kerala ... Besides, a number of the so-called social dialects are attested, i.e., the dialects spoken by members of various castes, religious communities and primitive tribes (e.g., the dialects of Mappilas, Tiya-Ezhavas, Pulayar, Adiyar, Vedar, Kadar, etc.).}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ==
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Thundyil |first=Zacharias |author-link=:de:Zacharias P. Thundy |date=1975 |title=The language of the Kadars |journal=International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics |volume=IV |issue=2 |pp=229-248 [230] |quote=The Kada children who go to school show greater influence of Malayalam or Tamil on their speech than the illiterate Kadars. It is likely that the Kada language will become extinct in the next 25 years through sheer disuse.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chandramohan |first=P. |date=2025 |chapter=Kadar—An Endangered Dravidian Tribal Language of India |editor1=N. S. Dash |editor2=S. Arulmozi |editor3=N. Ramesh |title=Handbook on Endangered South Asian and Southeast Asian Languages |publisher=Springer |location=Cham |pages=331–363 [331] |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15 |isbn=978-3-031-80751-0 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15 |quote=The [Kadar] language is currently listed as critically endangered by UNESCO with only a few hundred speakers left. ... However, due to the influence of Tamil — the regional as well as the state language of Tamil Nadu — the Kadar language is rapidly declining in usage and is in danger of being lost forever.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chandramohan |first=P. |date=2025 |chapter=Kadar—An Endangered Dravidian Tribal Language of India |editor1=N. S. Dash |editor2=S. Arulmozi |editor3=N. Ramesh |title=Handbook on Endangered South Asian and Southeast Asian Languages |publisher=Springer |location=Cham |pages=331–363 [336] |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15 |isbn=978-3-031-80751-0 |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15 |quote=Like many other indigenous languages around the world, Kadar is at risk of disappearing. The Kadar community is small and their traditional way of life is being threatened by modernization. Kadar children are now studying at ‘''uɳɖu uRaiviʈep paɭɭi''’ (Residential School for Tribal Children) where they are taught in Tamil, and as a result of this, they are not getting any scope to learn their native language.}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |page=42 |quote='''''Kadar''''': The vitality of mother tongue seems questionable for the Kadar community. Some Kadar subjects said the children speak Malayalam first or at an early age, and some said that the young people in their community don’t know their language as well as the old people. About half of the subjects believed their children will continue to speak their language, about 20 percent felt that they will not, and the rest were not quite sure whether the children will speak the vernacular when they grow up. |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
&lt;references/&gt;

;ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ:
* {{cite journal |title=From Proto-South Dravidian to Malayalam |last=Zvelebil |first=K. |journal=Archív Orientální |volume=38 |date=Jan 1970 |pages=45-67 |url=https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/knav/view/uuid:d7cb241b-3e47-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003?page=uuid:dcbded28-3e47-11e1-bdd3-005056a60003}}
* {{cite journal |last=Thundyil |first=Zacharias |author-link=:de:Zacharias P. Thundy |date=1975 |title=The language of the Kadars |journal=International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics |volume=IV |issue=2 |pp=229-248}}
* {{cite book |title=The Encyclopaedia of Dravidian Tribes |volume=2 |publisher=International School of Dravidian Linguistics |date=1996 |pp=92-93 |chapter=Kadar Language |isbn=9788185692166}}
* {{Cite web |title=The Tribes of Palakkad, Kerala: A Sociolinguistic Profile (SIL) |author=Bijumon Varghese |date=2015 |orig-year=2004 |url=https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/12/30/35/123035517420667367799205409945550701297/silesr2015_028.pdf}}
* {{Cite book |last=Chandramohan |first=P. |date=2025 |chapter=Kadar—An Endangered Dravidian Tribal Language of India |editor1=N. S. Dash |editor2=S. Arulmozi |editor3=N. Ramesh |title=Handbook on Endangered South Asian and Southeast Asian Languages |publisher=Springer |location=Cham |pp=331–363 |doi=10.1007/978-3-031-80752-7_15}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* {{cite book |last=Ehrenfels |first=U. R. |date=1952 |title=Kadar of Cochin |series=Anthropological series |volume=1 |location=Madras |publisher=[[University of Madras]] |chapter=XI. The Kadan Language |pp=257-271}}
* {{Cite thesis |title=Descriptive analysis of Kadar |last=Indira |first=R. |publisher=Savitribai Phule Pune University |date=1976 |hdl=10603/154343 |type=PhD |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/154343}}
* {{cite journal |last=Thundyil |first=Zacharias |title=The Language and Culture of the Kadar |journal=Asian Profile |volume=6 |date=1978 |pp=375-79}}
* {{cite thesis |last=Suresh |first=J. |date=1981 |title=A Descriptive study of Kadar Language of Anaimalai Hills |type=Ph.D. |publisher=Centre of Advanced Study in Linguistics, Annamalai University |location=Annamalainagar}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="9812" sha1="48x4x34kegjpec576sxiyn45z6pycp0" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱪᱟᱞ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ|ᱠᱮᱨᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱪᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ|ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱸᱜᱟᱱᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛᱟᱹᱱᱤ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ''ᱢᱩᱯᱟᱛᱷᱤ'' (ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;newindianexpress&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Thimbath|first=Saumesh|date=2016-11-10|title=A leader of tribes|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/kochi/2016/Nov/09/a-leader-of-tribes-1536769.html|access-date=2025-09-14|website=The New Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;keralamuseum&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Ashok|first=Rajarajeswari|date=January 11, 2024|title=A Insider's View on Kadar Community Life in Vazhachal|url=https://keralamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/A-Insiders-View-on-Kadar-Community-Life-in-Vazhachal-.pdf|access-date=2025-09-14|website=JANAL archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱛᱷᱤᱨᱟᱯᱯᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱞᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot;&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Kochi/At-the-head-of-a-struggle/article16441798.ece|title=Geetha Vazhachal talks about being a tribal chieftain and the impact of the Athirapally Hydel Power Project on the lives of the tribals|date=2016-11-10|work=The Hindu|access-date=2025-09-14|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱱ, ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;mathrubhumi&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|date=2023-06-05|title=വാഴച്ചാൽ ഊരിന്റെ മൂപ്പത്തി, കാട് കാക്കുന്ന ഗീത ആയിരങ്ങളുടെ പ്രതീക്ഷയാണ്|url=https://www.mathrubhumi.com/special-pages/world-environment-day-2023/vazhachal-tribal-village-leader-geetha-world-environment-day-2023-1.8616973|access-date=2025-09-14|website=Mathrubhumi|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹᱛ ==
ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱥᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱠᱩᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱪᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱯᱟᱛ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱵᱤᱠᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱪᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;keralamuseum&quot; /&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱚᱱᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱚᱨᱰᱤᱝ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ,&lt;ref name=&quot;keralamuseum2&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|last=Antony|first=Teena|date=January 9, 2024|title=From Fishing to the BlackBoard: Educational Experiences of Kadars at Vazhachal|url=https://keralamuseum.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/From-Fishing-to-the-Black-Board_Educational-Experiences-of-Kadars-at-Vazhachal.pdf|access-date=2025-09-18|website=JANAL archives}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐ ᱪᱟᱱᱚᱪ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;thehindu&quot; /&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱷᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱛᱷᱤᱨᱟᱯᱯᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱪᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱜᱟᱰᱜᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=MVD|date=2025-03-20|title=How Gadgil's words empowered a movement|url=https://english.metrovaartha.com/news/kerala/how-gadgils-words-empowered-a-movement|access-date=2025-09-18|website=Metrovaartha- En|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱸᱜᱟᱱᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱨᱚᱠᱥᱚᱬ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;keralamuseum&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;keralamuseum2&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Kuttencherry |first1=Antony J |last2=Arunachalam |first2=P |date=2020 |title=ROLE OF TRIBAL VANA SAMRAKSHANA SAMITHI (VSS) MEMBERS IN BUILDING FOREST PROTECTION AND ECO-TOURISM AT VAZHACHAL ECO-TOURISM AREA IN THRISSUR DISTRICT OF KERALA |journal=EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research |volume=6 |issue=10 |pages=267–277 |via=eprajournal.com}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;keralamuseum2&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱟᱸᱫᱚᱲ ==
ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱪᱟᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱠᱩᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱠᱩᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱛᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱛᱷᱤᱨᱟᱯᱯᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱜᱤᱛᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=TwoCircles.net|date=2017-03-22|title=We have been displaced thrice, will not allow it again: Geetha, leader of Adivasi resistance against Athirapally dam|url=https://twocircles.net/2017mar22/406643.html|access-date=2025-09-14|website=TwoCircles.net|language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱪᱤᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;keralamuseum&quot; /&gt;

ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱷᱨᱤᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;mathrubhumi&quot; /&gt;

== ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤ.ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱛᱷᱟᱢᱯᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱰᱚᱣᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=archive|first=From our online|date=2016-11-02|title=P V Thampy award for tribal activist Geetha Vazhachal|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2016/Nov/02/p-v-thampy-award-for-tribal-activist-geetha-vazhachal-1534040.html|access-date=2025-09-14|website=The New Indian Express|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|date=2021-02-18|title=Tribal leader conferred the 2016 Karma Award|url=https://www.lhrgroup.in/tribal-leader-conferred-the-2016-karma-award/|access-date=2025-09-14|website=Leena Group|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}</text>
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      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox ethnic group | group            = ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ | image            =  | image_caption    =  | population       = ᱑,᱑᱔᱕&lt;ref&gt;Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India. Population Census 2011. Table ST-14: Scheduled tribe population by religious community - 2011&lt;/ref&gt; | languages        = [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ]] (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198053</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6060" sha1="9nu8s0e7k63dywfsm2v5rkwrz63rqxz" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ
| image            = 
| image_caption    = 
| population       = ᱑,᱑᱔᱕&lt;ref&gt;Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India. Population Census 2011. Table ST-14: Scheduled tribe population by religious community - 2011&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ]] ([[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]) &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ([[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religions        = ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]
| related          = [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱤᱱᱯᱩᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱤᱱᱯᱩᱭ]], [[ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ]]
| footnotes        = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
}}'''ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/subord/rule9a.htm|title=1THE CONSTITUTION (SCHEDULED TRIBES)|access-date=2016-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920212634/http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/subord/rule9a.htm|archive-date=2017-09-20|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://tribal.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/7%20-%20Act%201976%20No%20108%201976.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2019-11-12 |archive-date=2016-10-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011101308/http://tribal.nic.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/file/7%20-%20Act%201976%20No%20108%201976.pdf |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ==
ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ&quot; ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟ (ᱮᱛᱚᱢ) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱢ (ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹᱜᱟᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ‘ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ’ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ==
ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱝᱯᱚᱠᱯᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱼᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱝᱯᱚᱠᱯᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱭᱥᱮᱱᱯᱷᱟᱭ, ᱞᱟᱭᱠᱳᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱞᱟᱭᱠᱳᱴ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱡᱳᱞ, ᱛᱟᱢᱯᱟᱠ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱠᱮᱭᱛᱷᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ 

ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱢ, ᱠᱳᱨᱮᱱ, ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱢ, ᱟᱭᱢᱳᱞ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱞᱞᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱝᱯᱚᱠᱯᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;google&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Socio-linguistic Situation in North-east India|author=Haokip, P.|date=2011|publisher=Concept Publishing Company|isbn=9788180697609|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hnYShQ7TryMC|page=53|access-date=2014-11-26}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Singh, K. S., ed. &quot;India's Communities A-Z&quot;, Oxford University Press, USA 1999&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
*''The Ethno-history of the Kharam Tribe of Manipur''. Gina Shangkham, Centre for Manipur Studies, Manipur University, 1 January 2006 - Tribes - 381 pages

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>9nu8s0e7k63dywfsm2v5rkwrz63rqxz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38099</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198054</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T13:28:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox ethnic group | group            = ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ | native_name      = {{Bo-textonly|ལ་དྭགས་པ།}} | image            = Ladakhi old man.jpg | image_caption    = ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱮᱭ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ | poptime          =  | region1          = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ([[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]]) | pop1             = ᱑᱑᱕,᱐᱘᱙ (ᱥ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198054</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10595" sha1="cw3wggcvl6gcu08kudtpevfza4li9jg" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ
| native_name      = {{Bo-textonly|ལ་དྭགས་པ།}}
| image            = Ladakhi old man.jpg
| image_caption    = ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱮᱭ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ
| poptime          = 
| region1          = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ([[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]])
| pop1             = ᱑᱑᱕,᱐᱘᱙ ([[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ|᱒᱐᱑᱑]])
| ref1             = &lt;ref name=&quot;Ladakhi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ladakhi|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lbj|website=Ethnologue|access-date=30 Dec 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| region2          = ᱪᱤᱱ ([[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ]])
| pop2             = ᱑᱒,᱐᱐᱐ (᱑᱙᱙᱕)
| ref2             = &lt;ref name=&quot;Ladakhi&quot;&gt;{{cite web|title=Ladakhi|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lbj|website=Ethnologue|access-date=30 Dec 2022}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages        = [[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ]]&lt;!-- don't include the so-called state's official languages, it is an ethnic group, not a polity --&gt;
| religions        = [[ File:Buddhism symbol.PNG|15px]] [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] • 
  [[File:Star and Crescent.svg|15px|link=]] [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]
| related_groups   = [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤᱜᱽᱯᱟ]], ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱤ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱠᱚ]]
| footnotes        = 
}}

'''ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ''', '''ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ''', ᱥᱮ '''ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱥᱯᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Singh |first1=Mugdha |last2=Sarkar |first2=Anujit |last3=Kumar |first3=Devinder |last4=Nandineni |first4=Madhusudan R. |date=6 February 2020 |title=The genetic affinities of Gujjar and Ladakhi populations of India |journal=Scientific Reports |language=en |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=2055 |doi=10.1038/s41598-020-59061-9 |pmid=32029844 |pmc=7005309 |bibcode=2020NatSR..10.2055S |issn=2045-2322|doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ladakhi |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/lbj |access-date=2022-12-30 |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
{{Main|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ}}[[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱤ (B.C.E.) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-11-21 |title=Ladakh Cultural Identity: The Melting Pot Of Cultures {{!}} Discover Ladakh's Diversity {{!}} LIFE On The PLANET LADAKH |url=https://lifeontheplanetladakh.com/blog/ladakh-cultural-identity#:~:text=Situated%20in%20the%20northernmost%20region%20of%20India,%20Ladakh,a%20true%20melting%20pot%20of%20traditions%20and%20heritage. |access-date=2025-04-14 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
{{Main|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ}}

ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ, ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱵᱟᱥᱛᱩ ᱥᱤᱞᱯᱚ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕}} ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱪᱮᱱᱢᱳ, ᱪᱟᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱥ ᱛᱥᱮᱪᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱳᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ==
{{Main|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ#ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ}}

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱞᱮᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱮᱦ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ-ᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱗᱖.᱘᱗% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ (ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔᱐,᱘᱐᱒ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱖᱖.᱔᱐% ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓᱓,᱔᱘᱗ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last1=Vijay |first1=Tarun |date=30 January 2008 |title=Endangered Ladakh |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tarun-vijay/the-right-view/Endangered-Ladakh/articleshow/2742608.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111202706/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/tarun-vijay/the-right-view/Endangered-Ladakh/articleshow/2742608.cms |archive-date=11 November 2020 |access-date=27 July 2020 |work=[[The Times of India]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-C01&quot;&gt;{{cite report |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW01C-01%20MDDS.XLS |title=C-1 Population By Religious Community – Jammu &amp; Kashmir |publisher=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India |access-date=28 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403193730/https://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW01C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=3 April 2022 |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;census2011-C01&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kargil District Population Census 2011-2020, Jammu and Kashmir literacy sex ratio and density |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/622-kargil.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160204204027/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/622-kargil.html |archive-date=4 February 2016 |access-date=25 January 2016 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Leh District Population Census 2011-2020, Jammu and Kashmir literacy sex ratio and density |url=http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/621-leh.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160124062331/http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/621-leh.html |archive-date=24 January 2016 |access-date=25 January 2016 |website=www.census2011.co.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ - [[ᱞᱮᱦ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱮᱦ]], ᱪᱟᱝᱛᱷᱟᱝ, ᱡᱟᱸᱥᱠᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱫᱨᱟᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Gillani |first=Syed Shadab Ali |date=26 August 2024 |title=Will Ladakh's New Districts Have Autonomous Hill Councils Too, Congress Asks |url=https://kashmirlife.net/will-ladakhs-new-districts-have-autonomous-hill-councils-too-congress-asks-364550/ |access-date=1 September 2024 |website=Kashmir Life |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ, ᱪᱟᱝᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱨᱳᱠᱯᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱨᱤᱜᱽᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱦ-ᱦᱟᱱᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱵᱨᱳᱠᱯᱟ, ᱫᱽᱨᱳᱠᱯᱟ, ᱫᱟᱨᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱩ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Religion Data of Census 2011: XXXIII JK-HP-ST |url=https://blog.cpsindia.org/2016/12/religion-data-of-census-2011-xxxiii-jk.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211101044658/https://blog.cpsindia.org/2016/12/religion-data-of-census-2011-xxxiii-jk.html |archive-date=1 November 2021 |access-date=18 May 2020 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <comment>&quot;[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Hemis_Monastery_Ladakh_1876.jpg|thumb|300x300px|᱑᱘᱗᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]]]] [[ᱨᱮᱫ:ROCK_ART_OF_LADAKH.jpg|alt=ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱜᱽᱞᱤᱯᱷ|thumb|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]] [[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="50938" sha1="q9q3qru1fy0zm76f04fodmzzfwko55d" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Hemis_Monastery_Ladakh_1876.jpg|thumb|300x300px|᱑᱘᱗᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]]]]
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:ROCK_ART_OF_LADAKH.jpg|alt=ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱜᱽᱞᱤᱯᱷ|thumb|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]]
[[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ. (B.C.) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱟᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱩᱵᱷᱤᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱛᱷᱤᱥᱟ&quot; ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱳᱥᱛᱷᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱠ'ᱟ-ᱞᱟ-ᱨᱛᱥᱮ'' (ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱛᱥᱮ) ᱯᱚᱞ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱳᱥᱛᱷᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{cn|date=December 2022}}

ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱫᱷ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱝ, ᱖᱓᱔ ᱥᱤ.ᱤ. ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ, ''ᱪᱩᱞᱩᱫᱩᱣᱳ'' (ᱠᱩᱞᱩᱛᱟ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱞᱩ|ᱠᱩᱞᱩ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ''ᱞᱩᱣᱳᱦᱩᱞᱩᱣᱳ'' (ᱞᱟᱦᱩᱞ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, &quot;[ᱱ]ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ''ᱞᱤ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟ (ᱥᱟᱱᱵᱳᱦᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Li (1996), p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; ''ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱣᱳᱥᱩᱣᱳ'', ᱥᱮ ''ᱢᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟ'' ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱨ-ᱭᱩᱞ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ''ᱢᱳ-ᱞᱳ-ᱥᱳ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱥᱟᱱ-ᱯᱳ-ᱦᱳ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ''ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱜᱳᱛᱨᱚ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ'' (ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (''ᱥᱛᱨᱤᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ'') ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ [[ᱛᱩᱪᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱝᱡᱷᱩᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ, ᱗ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱖᱓᱔/᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱝᱡᱷᱩᱝ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱖᱕᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ (''ᱢᱱᱟᱱ'') ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱖᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱖᱗᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱘ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱗᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱓᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱩ-ᱡᱟ (ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ) ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱦᱭᱮᱪᱳ (᱗᱐᱔-᱗᱘᱗) (ᱯᱤᱱᱭᱤᱱ: ᱦᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱣ), ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱒᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''GR'' Vol. III (2001), p. 228.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱾ . . . ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ-ᱱᱤᱪᱩ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, [ᱱᱚᱶᱟ] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ''ᱦᱩ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ (Petech, The ''Kingdom of Ladakh'', p. 10).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rizvi 1996, p. 56&quot;&gt;Rizvi (1996), p. 56.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;ᱨᱤᱡᱽᱵᱷᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱘ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱗᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱩᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ (᱗᱕᱑) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ''ᱦᱩᱫᱩᱫᱽ-ᱟᱞ-ᱟᱞᱟᱢ'' (᱙᱘᱒) ᱵᱳᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ (ᱵᱳᱞᱳᱨ = ᱵᱳᱞᱩ, ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ) ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱽᱲᱟᱹ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱰᱨᱟᱝᱛᱥᱮ (ᱛᱟᱝᱛᱥᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱚᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱥᱳᱜᱽᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱘᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱞᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱ/ᱜᱳᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ==
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Royal_drinking_scene_in_the_Dukhang_at_Alchi_Monastery,_circa_1200_CE.jpg|thumb|[[ᱟᱞᱪᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱧᱩ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱑᱒᱐᱐ ᱥᱤ.ᱤ. ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Qaba|ᱠᱟᱵᱟ]] ᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱳ]]-[[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱮᱴ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱟᱝᱭᱩ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[:ᱨᱮᱫ:Royal drinking scene at the entrance of the western monastery at Manguy, 11th to 13th century CE.jpg|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Flood|first1=Finbarr Barry|title=A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus|date=2017|publisher=Austrian Academy of Science Press|pages=231–243|url=https://www.academia.edu/35061254}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
{{main|ᱢᱟᱨᱭᱩᱞ}}᱘᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱱᱭᱤᱢᱟ-ᱜᱳᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱭᱤᱢᱟ-ᱜᱳᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾){{citation needed|date=September 2019}} ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ, ᱞᱫᱮ-ᱫᱯᱟᱞ-ᱦᱠᱷᱳᱨ-ᱵᱛᱥᱟᱱ (᱑. ᱘᱗᱐ -᱙᱐᱐), ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱦᱨᱤᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱵᱩᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Francke, August Hermann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WG4J4IKd014C&amp;q=Lde-dpal-hkhor-btsan&amp;pg=PA76|title=Antiquities of Indian Tibet|work=Volume 38; Volume 50 of New imperial series|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|page=92|year=1992|isbn=81-206-0769-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱭᱤᱢᱟ-ᱜᱳᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱞᱷᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱩ, ᱢᱩᱥᱛᱟᱝ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ladakh.drukpa.com/history.htm|title=A Brief History of Ladakh:A Himalayan Buddhist Kingdom|publisher=Ladakh Drukpa.com|access-date=9 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227161048/http://ladakh.drukpa.com/history.htm|archive-date=27 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ-ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ==
{{Main|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ}}ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱞᱩᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱨᱵᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ-ᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Luciano&quot;&gt;Petech, Luciano. ''The Kingdom of Ladakh c. 950 - 1842 A. D.'', Istituto Italiano per il media ed Estremo Oriente, 1977.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot;&gt;Loram, Charlie. ''Trekking in Ladakh'', Trailblazer Publications, 2004&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱜᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱢᱤᱥᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱠᱯᱟᱵᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱦ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱠᱵᱩᱢᱫᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱞᱷᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱥᱜᱳ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱥᱤ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (᱑۵۵۵–᱑۵᱗۵) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱥᱮᱣᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Leh_Palace_2011.jpg|right|thumb|[[ᱞᱮᱦ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱝᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ]] ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ]]
ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱸᱪᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ, ᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱝᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (᱑᱖᱑᱖–᱑᱖᱔᱒), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ 'ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ' ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|last=Kaul|first=H. N.|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rizvi, Janet. ''Ladakh - Crossroads of High Asia'', Oxford University Press, 1996&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VuovXa5YUC|title=Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173871245|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8J3YdskW00sC|title=Ladakh Through the Ages, Towards a New Identity|last1=Kaul|first1=Shridhar|last2=Kaul|first2=H. N.|date=1 January 1992|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788185182759|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjhcZgDy-WMC&amp;q=gyal+khatun&amp;pg=PA149|title=Ladakh: The Land and the People|last=Jina|first=Prem Singh|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870576|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCy2mBVNqSoC|title=Recent Research on Ladakh 4 &amp; 5: Proceedings of the Fourth and Fifth International Colloquia on Ladakh|last1=Osmaston|first1=Henry|last2=Denwood|first2=Philip|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=9788120814042|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eReFv7cVZ0C|title=Ladakh: Society and Economy|last=Bora|first=Nirmala|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Anamika Publishers &amp; Distributors|isbn=9788179750124|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱭ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱸᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱤᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱮᱞᱫᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (᱑᱖᱔᱒–᱑᱖᱙᱔) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱢᱨᱟᱴ ᱟᱣᱨᱚᱝᱡᱮᱵᱽ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Luciano&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥᱨᱚᱭ ᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱤᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱥᱜᱳ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jX552GiSmYC|title=Recent Research on Ladakh 6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Colloquium on Ladakh, Leh 1993|last1=Osmaston|first1=Henry|last2=Tsering|first2=Nawang|last3=Studies|first3=International Association for Ladakh|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120814325|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Osmaston|first1=Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCy2mBVNqSoC|title=Recent Research on Ladakh 4 &amp; 5: Proceedings of the Fourth and Fifth International Colloquia on Ladakh|last2=Denwood|first2=Philip|author-link2=Philip Denwood|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120814042|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ==

=== ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ===
{{main|ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ (ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ)}}᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱨᱚᱧᱡᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱑᱘᱓᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱥᱮᱥᱯᱟᱞ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱳᱠ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ–ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ (᱑᱘᱔᱑–᱔᱒) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱳᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱡᱟᱜᱤᱨ'' ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱥᱴ, ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱘᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱮᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ''ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ ''ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ-ᱮ-ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱛᱚᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ, ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱔ ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

{{Anchor|Administrators of Ladakh}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ (᱑᱘᱔᱖–᱑᱙᱐᱕)
!ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ
!ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ
&lt;small&gt;({{Also known as|AKA=}} ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨ, ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ,&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;ᱠᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ, ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ)&lt;/small&gt;
!ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ
!ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ
!ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ|ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱘᱔᱖–᱑᱘᱕᱗)
|ᱢᱟᱜᱽᱱᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨ{{Efn|[[ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ)|ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &quot;ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&quot;|name=|group=}}
|᱑᱘᱔᱖
|᱑᱘᱔᱗
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=101}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=85}}
|-
|[[ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ]]
|᱑᱘᱔᱗
|᱑᱘᱖᱐
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=101–102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=85}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[ᱨᱚᱱᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ)|ᱨᱚᱱᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱘᱕᱗–᱑᱘᱕)
|[[ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ|ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]]{{Efn|&quot;ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱖᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱥᱛᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱞᱟᱵᱟᱡᱩ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ […] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱗᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ […]&quot;|name=|group=}}
|᱑᱘᱖᱐
|᱑᱘᱖᱕
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=85–86}}
|-
|ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱥᱟᱨᱚᱱ
|᱑᱘᱖᱕
|᱑᱘᱖᱗
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=86}}
|-
|ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ
|᱑᱘᱖᱗
|᱑᱘᱖᱘
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=86–87}}
|-
|[[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱰᱨᱤᱣ]]
|᱑᱘᱖᱘
|᱑᱘᱗᱐
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
|[[ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮᱭᱚᱨ)|ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱮᱪ. ᱡᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱ]]
|᱑᱘᱗᱐
|᱑᱘᱘᱑/᱘᱓&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Beek|first1=Martijn van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO95DwAAQBAJ|title=Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change|last2=Pirie|first2=Fernanda|date=25 July 2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-4334-6|pages=52|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
|ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱞ
|᱑᱘᱘᱕
| -
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=104}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯ ᱥᱤᱝ|ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱘᱘᱕–᱑᱙᱒᱕)
|ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ
|᱑᱙᱐᱘
|᱑᱙᱐᱙
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=104}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |''ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ, ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ''
|-
| -
| -
| -
|
|-
|[[ᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱙᱒᱕–᱑᱙᱕᱒)
| -
| -
| -
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}
|}
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱴᱥᱳᱠ ᱣᱟᱝᱭᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;TuttleSchaeffer2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Gray Tuttle|author2=Kurtis R. Schaeffer|title=The Tibetan History Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7urAgAAQBAJ&amp;q=ladakh+pan+tibetan&amp;pg=PA603|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14468-1|pages=603–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ===
{{main|ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ (ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ)}}᱑᱙୪᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱸᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱦ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱐ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ. ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt; ᱦᱚᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱨᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱕, ᱑᱙᱗᱑, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱔᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ|ᱥᱤᱱᱠᱤᱭᱟᱝ]] ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱥᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ]] ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱠᱳᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱭᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱞᱮᱦ ᱦᱟᱭᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱗᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;

᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ (ᱪᱟᱝᱯᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ, ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓,᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ/ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱜᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱚᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟ, ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱨᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱫᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱭᱠᱚᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱦᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱦᱤᱞ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱣᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱯᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱳᱥᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱠᱤᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱯᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kln&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirlife.net/ladakh-division-headquarters-to-shuttle-between-leh-and-kargil-governor-malik-201719/|title=Ladakh division headquarters to shuttle between Leh and Kargil: Governor Malik|date=15 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ===
{{main|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ}}ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bill-to-bifurcate-jammu-and-kashmir-into-2-union-territories-passed-by-rajya-sabha-2080688 Already, Rajya Sabha Clears J&amp;K As Union Territory Instead Of State], NDTV, 5 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/jammu-and-kashmir-crisis-live-updates-governor-reviews-security-situation-in-state/story/370856.html|title=Article 370 revoked Updates: Jammu &amp; Kashmir is now a Union Territory, Lok Sabha passes bifurcation bill|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=6 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Jammu%20and%20Kashmir%20Reorganisation%20Bill%2C%202019.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=31 October 2019|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506231839/https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Jammu%20and%20Kashmir%20Reorganisation%20Bill,%202019.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;egazette.nic.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210412.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=31 October 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809153916/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210412.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱠᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dailyexcelsior.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/lahdc-act-would-continue-and-the-amendments-of-2018-to-be-protected-governor/|title=LAHDC Act would continue and the Amendments of 2018 to be protected: Governor|date=30 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ==
{{Map of Ladakh}}

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱚᱞ ==
{{Further|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱥ}}ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Pirie&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Peace and Conflict in Ladakh: The Construction of a Fragile Web of Order|first=Fernanda|last=Pirie|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5APvy1TldcC|series=Brill's Tibetan studies library|volume=13|isbn=9789004155961}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Petech&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4oduAAAAMAAJ|title=The Kingdom of Ladakh: C. 950-1842 A.D.|first=Luciano|last=Petech|author-link=Luciano Petech|publisher=Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente|year=1977|isbn=9788863230581}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|1,3|quote=The main source for Ladakhi history is, and always will be, the La-dvags rgyal-rabs, compiled probably in the 17th century, but continued later till the end of the kingdom and beyond. [...] The only other literary source from Ladakh is the biography of sTag-ts'ah-ras-pa (TTRP), compiled in 1663.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Bray&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Bray|first=John|chapter=Introduction: Locating Ladakhi History|editor-last=Bray|editor-first=John|title=Ladakhi Histories: Local and Regional Perspectives|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2005|series=Brill's Tibetan Studies Library|volume=9|isbn=9789004145511}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|7|quote=The prime source for this period is the La-dvags-rgyal-rabs a royal chronicle which was first compiled in the 17th century and updated into the 19th century.}} ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ sTag-ts'ah-ras-pa ᱟᱜ ᱑᱖᱖᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Petech&quot; /&gt;{{rp|1,3}} ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱩᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Petech&quot; /&gt;{{rp|1–2}}

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱱᱳᱴ ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;!--
What do you mean by &quot; including Changpa nomad&quot;. Who do you refer this group. If you refer this to the Tibetans came from Western Tibet, people living in that area has three groups, farmers in Guge, Purang province and semi-nomads in Ruthog distrist and total nomad in Gar area. Changpa literally a word used to insult Tibetans living Ladakh as well as Tibetans call Rongpa to the native of Ladakh living in Ladakh. In fact, the word cannot describe or give any real information of the way of lives of both the lands..--&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==

* Cunningham, Alexander (1854). ''LADĀK: Physical, Statistical, and Historical with Notices of the Surrounding Countries''. London. Reprint: Sagar Publications (1977).
* Francke, A. H. (1907) ''A History of Ladakh''. (Originally published as, ''A History of Western Tibet'', 1907). 1977 Edition with critical introduction and annotations by S. S. Gergan &amp; F. M. Hassnain. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
* Francke, A. H. (1914). ''Antiquities of Indian Tibet''. Two Volumes. (Calcutta. 1972 reprint: S. Chand, New Delhi.
* ''GR'' Vol. III (2001): ''Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise''. 7 Volumes. (2001). Instituts Ricci (Paris - Taipei). {{ISBN|2-220-04667-2}}.
* Li Rongxi (translator). ''The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions''. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Berkeley, California. {{ISBN|1-886439-02-8}}.
* Rizvi, Janet. (1996). ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford India Paperbacks. 3rd Impression 2001. {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.
* Schettler, Margret &amp; Rolf. (1981). ''Kashmir, Ladakh &amp; Zanskar'', Lonely Planet: South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. {{ISBN|0-908086-21-0}}.

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==

* Zeisler, Bettina. (2010). &quot;East of the Moon and West of the Sun? Approaches to a Land with Many Names, North of Ancient India and South of Khotan.&quot; In: ''The Tibet Journal'', Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. &quot;The Earth Ox Papers&quot;, edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 371–463.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==

* [https://tibet.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/political-treaties-of-tibet...pdf Minser Enclave was part of Ladakh since the 1684 Treaty of Temisgang signed between Tibet and Ladakh]</text>
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      <text bytes="50939" sha1="bke2sp526ccpfawtro2e3abdopf7v2y" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Hemis_Monastery_Ladakh_1876.jpg|thumb|300x300px|᱑᱘᱗᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]]]]
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:ROCK_ART_OF_LADAKH.jpg|alt=ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱳᱜᱽᱞᱤᱯᱷ|thumb|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]]
[[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ. (B.C.) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱟᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==
ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱩᱵᱷᱤᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱵᱷᱛᱷᱤᱥᱟ&quot; ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱳᱥᱛᱷᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱠ'ᱟ-ᱞᱟ-ᱨᱛᱥᱮ'' (ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱛᱥᱮ) ᱯᱚᱞ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱳᱥᱛᱷᱤ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{cn|date=December 2022}}

ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱫᱷ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱝ, ᱖᱓᱔ ᱥᱤ.ᱤ. ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ, ''ᱪᱩᱞᱩᱫᱩᱣᱳ'' (ᱠᱩᱞᱩᱛᱟ, [[ᱠᱩᱞᱞᱩ|ᱠᱩᱞᱩ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ''ᱞᱩᱣᱳᱦᱩᱞᱩᱣᱳ'' (ᱞᱟᱦᱩᱞ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, &quot;[ᱱ]ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ''ᱞᱤ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱟᱦᱩᱞ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟ (ᱥᱟᱱᱵᱳᱦᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&quot;&lt;ref&gt;Li (1996), p. 121.&lt;/ref&gt; ''ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱣᱳᱥᱩᱣᱳ'', ᱥᱮ ''ᱢᱟᱨ-ᱥᱟ'' ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱨ-ᱭᱩᱞ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ''ᱢᱳ-ᱞᱳ-ᱥᱳ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱥᱟᱱ-ᱯᱳ-ᱦᱳ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ''ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱜᱳᱛᱨᱚ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱥᱩᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ'' (ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ (''ᱥᱛᱨᱤᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ'') ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ [[ᱛᱩᱪᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱷᱟᱝᱡᱷᱩᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ, ᱗ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱖᱓᱔/᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱝᱡᱷᱩᱝ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱖᱕᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ (''ᱢᱱᱟᱱ'') ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱖᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱖᱗᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱘ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱗᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱓᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱩ-ᱡᱟ (ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ) ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱦᱭᱮᱪᱳ (᱗᱐᱔-᱗᱘᱗) (ᱯᱤᱱᱭᱤᱱ: ᱦᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱣ), ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱒᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;''GR'' Vol. III (2001), p. 228.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:&lt;blockquote&gt;&quot;ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱾ . . . ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ-ᱱᱤᱪᱩ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱩᱣᱮᱞᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, [ᱱᱚᱶᱟ] ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ''ᱦᱩ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ (Petech, The ''Kingdom of Ladakh'', p. 10).&quot;&lt;ref name=&quot;Rizvi 1996, p. 56&quot;&gt;Rizvi (1996), p. 56.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;ᱨᱤᱡᱽᱵᱷᱤ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ, ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱘ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

᱗᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱜᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱞᱩᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ (᱗᱕᱑) ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ''ᱦᱩᱫᱩᱫᱽ-ᱟᱞ-ᱟᱞᱟᱢ'' (᱙᱘᱒) ᱵᱳᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ (ᱵᱳᱞᱳᱨ = ᱵᱳᱞᱩ, ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ) ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱸᱵᱽᱲᱟᱹ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱰᱨᱟᱝᱛᱥᱮ (ᱛᱟᱝᱛᱥᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱫᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱨᱚᱥ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱥᱳᱜᱽᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤᱠ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱘᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

== ᱞᱟ-ᱪᱮᱱ/ᱜᱳᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ==
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Royal_drinking_scene_in_the_Dukhang_at_Alchi_Monastery,_circa_1200_CE.jpg|thumb|[[ᱟᱞᱪᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱧᱩ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱑᱒᱐᱐ ᱥᱤ.ᱤ. ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Qaba|ᱠᱟᱵᱟ]] ᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱳ]]-[[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱᱮᱴ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱟᱝᱭᱩ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[:ᱨᱮᱫ:Royal drinking scene at the entrance of the western monastery at Manguy, 11th to 13th century CE.jpg|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|last1=Flood|first1=Finbarr Barry|title=A Turk in the Dukhang? Comparative Perspectives on Elite Dress in Medieval Ladakh and the Caucasus|date=2017|publisher=Austrian Academy of Science Press|pages=231–243|url=https://www.academia.edu/35061254}}&lt;/ref&gt;]]
{{main|ᱢᱟᱨᱭᱩᱞ}}᱘᱔᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤ ᱱᱭᱤᱢᱟ-ᱜᱳᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱭᱤᱢᱟ-ᱜᱳᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾){{citation needed|date=September 2019}} ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ, ᱞᱫᱮ-ᱫᱯᱟᱞ-ᱦᱠᱷᱳᱨ-ᱵᱛᱥᱟᱱ (᱑. ᱘᱗᱐ -᱙᱐᱐), ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱳᱱ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱦᱨᱤᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱵᱩᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Francke, August Hermann|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WG4J4IKd014C&amp;q=Lde-dpal-hkhor-btsan&amp;pg=PA76|title=Antiquities of Indian Tibet|work=Volume 38; Volume 50 of New imperial series|publisher=[[Asian Educational Services]]|page=92|year=1992|isbn=81-206-0769-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱭᱤᱢᱟ-ᱜᱳᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱚᱬᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱞᱷᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱩᱛᱯᱟᱞᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱩ, ᱢᱩᱥᱛᱟᱝ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://ladakh.drukpa.com/history.htm|title=A Brief History of Ladakh:A Himalayan Buddhist Kingdom|publisher=Ladakh Drukpa.com|access-date=9 October 2009|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120227161048/http://ladakh.drukpa.com/history.htm|archive-date=27 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱓ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ-ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ==
{{Main|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ}}ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱞᱩᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱨᱵᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ-ᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Luciano&quot;&gt;Petech, Luciano. ''The Kingdom of Ladakh c. 950 - 1842 A. D.'', Istituto Italiano per il media ed Estremo Oriente, 1977.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot;&gt;Loram, Charlie. ''Trekking in Ladakh'', Trailblazer Publications, 2004&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱥᱜᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱢᱤᱥᱜᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱠᱯᱟᱵᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱦ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱠᱵᱩᱢᱫᱮ ᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱞᱷᱟᱪᱮᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱥᱜᱳ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ) ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱥᱤ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (᱑۵۵۵–᱑۵᱗۵) ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱚᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱥᱮᱣᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Leh_Palace_2011.jpg|right|thumb|[[ᱞᱮᱦ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱮᱝᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ]] ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ]]
ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱸᱪᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤ ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱮ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ, ᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱛᱩᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱝᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (᱑᱖᱑᱖–᱑᱖᱔᱒), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ 'ᱛᱟᱹᱨᱩᱵ' ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mg8My6WaWRcC|title=Rediscovery of Ladakh|last=Kaul|first=H. N.|date=1 January 1998|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870866|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Rizvi, Janet. ''Ladakh - Crossroads of High Asia'', Oxford University Press, 1996&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R4VuovXa5YUC|title=Buddhist Western Himalaya: A politico-religious history|date=1 January 2001|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173871245|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8J3YdskW00sC|title=Ladakh Through the Ages, Towards a New Identity|last1=Kaul|first1=Shridhar|last2=Kaul|first2=H. N.|date=1 January 1992|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788185182759|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kjhcZgDy-WMC&amp;q=gyal+khatun&amp;pg=PA149|title=Ladakh: The Land and the People|last=Jina|first=Prem Singh|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Indus Publishing|isbn=9788173870576|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCy2mBVNqSoC|title=Recent Research on Ladakh 4 &amp; 5: Proceedings of the Fourth and Fifth International Colloquia on Ladakh|last1=Osmaston|first1=Henry|last2=Denwood|first2=Philip|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass Publ.|isbn=9788120814042|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8eReFv7cVZ0C|title=Ladakh: Society and Economy|last=Bora|first=Nirmala|date=1 January 2004|publisher=Anamika Publishers &amp; Distributors|isbn=9788179750124|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱤᱭᱚ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱭ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱯᱮᱞᱮᱥ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱸᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱤᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱮᱞᱫᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ (᱑᱖᱔᱒–᱑᱖᱙᱔) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱥᱚᱢᱨᱟᱴ ᱟᱣᱨᱚᱝᱡᱮᱵᱽ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱥᱡᱤᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Luciano&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥᱨᱚᱭ ᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱤᱵᱽᱨᱟᱦᱤᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱤᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱥᱜᱳ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱢᱭᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱣᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4jX552GiSmYC|title=Recent Research on Ladakh 6: Proceedings of the Sixth International Colloquium on Ladakh, Leh 1993|last1=Osmaston|first1=Henry|last2=Tsering|first2=Nawang|last3=Studies|first3=International Association for Ladakh|date=1 January 1997|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120814325|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Osmaston|first1=Henry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mCy2mBVNqSoC|title=Recent Research on Ladakh 4 &amp; 5: Proceedings of the Fourth and Fifth International Colloquia on Ladakh|last2=Denwood|first2=Philip|author-link2=Philip Denwood|date=1 January 1995|publisher=Motilal Banarsidass|isbn=9788120814042|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ==

=== ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ===
{{main|ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ (ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ)}}᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱨᱚᱧᱡᱤᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱑᱘᱓᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱛᱥᱮᱥᱯᱟᱞ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱹᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱳᱠ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱭᱟᱥᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ–ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ (᱑᱘᱔᱑–᱔᱒) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱢᱜᱭᱟᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱳᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱡᱟᱜᱤᱨ'' ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱕᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱥᱴ, ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱘᱘᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱮᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱵᱷᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ''ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ ''ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ-ᱮ-ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱛᱚᱦᱥᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ, ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱓᱔ ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱟ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

{{Anchor|Administrators of Ladakh}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ (᱑᱘᱔᱖–᱑᱙᱐᱕)
!ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ
!ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ
&lt;small&gt;({{Also known as|AKA=}} ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨ, ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱣᱟᱡᱟᱨᱟᱛ,&lt;/small&gt;

&lt;small&gt;ᱠᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ, ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ)&lt;/small&gt;
!ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ
!ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ
!ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; |[[ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ|ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱘᱔᱖–᱑᱘᱕᱗)
|ᱢᱟᱜᱽᱱᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨ{{Efn|[[ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ)|ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ &quot;ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&quot;|name=|group=}}
|᱑᱘᱔᱖
|᱑᱘᱔᱗
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=101}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=85}}
|-
|[[ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱢ]]
|᱑᱘᱔᱗
|᱑᱘᱖᱐
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=101–102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=85}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; |[[ᱨᱚᱱᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱡᱟ)|ᱨᱚᱱᱵᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱘᱕᱗–᱑᱘᱕)
|[[ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ|ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱝ]]{{Efn|&quot;ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱨᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱘᱖᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱥᱛᱣᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱞᱟᱵᱟᱡᱩ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱨᱫᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ […] ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱦᱛᱟ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱗᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘᱘᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ […]&quot;|name=|group=}}
|᱑᱘᱖᱐
|᱑᱘᱖᱕
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=85–86}}
|-
|ᱣᱟᱡᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱥᱟᱨᱚᱱ
|᱑᱘᱖᱕
|᱑᱘᱖᱗
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=86}}
|-
|ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱵᱚᱨ ᱟᱞᱤ
|᱑᱘᱖᱗
|᱑᱘᱖᱘
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=86–87}}
|-
|[[ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱰᱨᱤᱣ]]
|᱑᱘᱖᱘
|᱑᱘᱗᱐
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
|[[ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱ (ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮᱭᱚᱨ)|ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱮᱪ. ᱡᱚᱱᱥᱚᱱ]]
|᱑᱘᱗᱐
|᱑᱘᱘᱑/᱘᱓&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last1=Beek|first1=Martijn van|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZO95DwAAQBAJ|title=Modern Ladakh: Anthropological Perspectives on Continuity and Change|last2=Pirie|first2=Fernanda|date=25 July 2008|publisher=BRILL|isbn=978-90-474-4334-6|pages=52|language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=102}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
|ᱨᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱞ
|᱑᱘᱘᱕
| -
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=104}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
| rowspan=&quot;3&quot; |[[ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯ ᱥᱤᱝ|ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱘᱘᱕–᱑᱙᱒᱕)
|ᱪᱚᱣᱫᱷᱚᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽ
|᱑᱙᱐᱘
|᱑᱙᱐᱙
|{{Sfn|Kaul|Kaul|1992|p=104}}{{Sfn|Kaul|1998|p=87}}
|-
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; |''ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ, ᱜᱤᱞᱜᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ''
|-
| -
| -
| -
|
|-
|[[ᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ]]
(᱑᱙᱒᱕–᱑᱙᱕᱒)
| -
| -
| -
|
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; |{{Incomplete list|date=December 2020}}
|}
ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱴᱥᱳᱠ ᱣᱟᱝᱭᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;TuttleSchaeffer2013&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author1=Gray Tuttle|author2=Kurtis R. Schaeffer|title=The Tibetan History Reader|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J7urAgAAQBAJ&amp;q=ladakh+pan+tibetan&amp;pg=PA603|date=12 March 2013|publisher=Columbia University Press|isbn=978-0-231-14468-1|pages=603–}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ===
{{main|ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ (ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ)}}
᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱸᱥᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱮᱦ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓᱐ ᱠᱤ.ᱢᱤ. ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt; ᱦᱚᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱨᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱕, ᱑᱙᱗᱑, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙᱔᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ|ᱥᱤᱱᱠᱤᱭᱟᱝ]] ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱨᱚᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱥᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱡᱤᱭᱟᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ]] ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱠᱳᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱭᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱞᱮᱦ ᱦᱟᱭᱣᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱗᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Loram&quot; /&gt;

᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ (ᱪᱟᱝᱯᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ, ᱞᱮᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱓,᱕᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱠᱟᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ/ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱟᱜᱚᱨᱤᱠᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱚᱵᱷᱮᱞᱟ, ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱯᱟᱠᱷᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱨᱱᱤᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ ᱫᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱭᱠᱚᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱦᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱦᱤᱞ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱣᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱯᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱳᱥᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱮᱦ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱠᱤᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤ-ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱥᱯᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱣᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kln&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://kashmirlife.net/ladakh-division-headquarters-to-shuttle-between-leh-and-kargil-governor-malik-201719/|title=Ladakh division headquarters to shuttle between Leh and Kargil: Governor Malik|date=15 February 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ===
{{main|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ}}ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱢᱢᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/bill-to-bifurcate-jammu-and-kashmir-into-2-union-territories-passed-by-rajya-sabha-2080688 Already, Rajya Sabha Clears J&amp;K As Union Territory Instead Of State], NDTV, 5 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/jammu-and-kashmir-crisis-live-updates-governor-reviews-security-situation-in-state/story/370856.html|title=Article 370 revoked Updates: Jammu &amp; Kashmir is now a Union Territory, Lok Sabha passes bifurcation bill|website=www.businesstoday.in|date=6 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Jammu%20and%20Kashmir%20Reorganisation%20Bill%2C%202019.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=31 October 2019|archive-date=6 May 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506231839/https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Jammu%20and%20Kashmir%20Reorganisation%20Bill,%202019.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;egazette.nic.in&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210412.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=31 October 2019|archive-date=9 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190809153916/http://egazette.nic.in/WriteReadData/2019/210412.pdf|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱯᱷᱴᱤᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱰᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤᱠᱴ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;dailyexcelsior.com&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailyexcelsior.com/lahdc-act-would-continue-and-the-amendments-of-2018-to-be-protected-governor/|title=LAHDC Act would continue and the Amendments of 2018 to be protected: Governor|date=30 August 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ==
{{Map of Ladakh}}

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱚᱞ ==
{{Further|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱥ}}ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱚᱞ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Pirie&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=Peace and Conflict in Ladakh: The Construction of a Fragile Web of Order|first=Fernanda|last=Pirie|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2007|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w5APvy1TldcC|series=Brill's Tibetan studies library|volume=13|isbn=9789004155961}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Petech&quot;&gt;{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4oduAAAAMAAJ|title=The Kingdom of Ladakh: C. 950-1842 A.D.|first=Luciano|last=Petech|author-link=Luciano Petech|publisher=Istituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente|year=1977|isbn=9788863230581}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|1,3|quote=The main source for Ladakhi history is, and always will be, the La-dvags rgyal-rabs, compiled probably in the 17th century, but continued later till the end of the kingdom and beyond. [...] The only other literary source from Ladakh is the biography of sTag-ts'ah-ras-pa (TTRP), compiled in 1663.}}&lt;ref name=&quot;Bray&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Bray|first=John|chapter=Introduction: Locating Ladakhi History|editor-last=Bray|editor-first=John|title=Ladakhi Histories: Local and Regional Perspectives|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|year=2005|series=Brill's Tibetan Studies Library|volume=9|isbn=9789004145511}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{rp|7|quote=The prime source for this period is the La-dvags-rgyal-rabs a royal chronicle which was first compiled in the 17th century and updated into the 19th century.}} ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱨᱚᱛ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ sTag-ts'ah-ras-pa ᱟᱜ ᱑᱖᱖᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Petech&quot; /&gt;{{rp|1,3}} ᱠᱨᱳᱱᱤᱠᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱩᱥᱠᱨᱤᱯᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Petech&quot; /&gt;{{rp|1–2}}

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
&lt;references group=&quot;lower-alpha&quot; /&gt;

== ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱱᱳᱴ ==
{{Reflist}}&lt;!--
What do you mean by &quot; including Changpa nomad&quot;. Who do you refer this group. If you refer this to the Tibetans came from Western Tibet, people living in that area has three groups, farmers in Guge, Purang province and semi-nomads in Ruthog distrist and total nomad in Gar area. Changpa literally a word used to insult Tibetans living Ladakh as well as Tibetans call Rongpa to the native of Ladakh living in Ladakh. In fact, the word cannot describe or give any real information of the way of lives of both the lands..--&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==

* Cunningham, Alexander (1854). ''LADĀK: Physical, Statistical, and Historical with Notices of the Surrounding Countries''. London. Reprint: Sagar Publications (1977).
* Francke, A. H. (1907) ''A History of Ladakh''. (Originally published as, ''A History of Western Tibet'', 1907). 1977 Edition with critical introduction and annotations by S. S. Gergan &amp; F. M. Hassnain. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi.
* Francke, A. H. (1914). ''Antiquities of Indian Tibet''. Two Volumes. (Calcutta. 1972 reprint: S. Chand, New Delhi.
* ''GR'' Vol. III (2001): ''Grand dictionnaire Ricci de la langue chinoise''. 7 Volumes. (2001). Instituts Ricci (Paris - Taipei). {{ISBN|2-220-04667-2}}.
* Li Rongxi (translator). ''The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions''. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research, Berkeley, California. {{ISBN|1-886439-02-8}}.
* Rizvi, Janet. (1996). ''Ladakh: Crossroads of High Asia''. Second Edition. Oxford India Paperbacks. 3rd Impression 2001. {{ISBN|0-19-564546-4}}.
* Schettler, Margret &amp; Rolf. (1981). ''Kashmir, Ladakh &amp; Zanskar'', Lonely Planet: South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. {{ISBN|0-908086-21-0}}.

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==

* Zeisler, Bettina. (2010). &quot;East of the Moon and West of the Sun? Approaches to a Land with Many Names, North of Ancient India and South of Khotan.&quot; In: ''The Tibet Journal'', Special issue. Autumn 2009 vol XXXIV n. 3-Summer 2010 vol XXXV n. 2. &quot;The Earth Ox Papers&quot;, edited by Roberto Vitali, pp. 371–463.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==

* [https://tibet.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/political-treaties-of-tibet...pdf Minser Enclave was part of Ladakh since the 1684 Treaty of Temisgang signed between Tibet and Ladakh]</text>
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|Description= ᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱥᱢᱩᱥᱮᱱ, ᱢᱳᱥᱜᱟᱨᱰ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱭᱚᱢ/ᱚᱨᱦᱩᱥ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱞᱤᱠᱮᱵᱚᱞ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor1-last=Bray |editor1-first=John |title=Ladakhi Histories: Local and Regional Perspectives |date=2005 |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004145511 |url=https://www.academia.edu/9645160/Locating_Ladakhi_History |access-date=23 December 2020 |chapter=Introduction}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱩᱬ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
*{{font color||aqua|ᱮᱠᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱭᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ}} ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱤᱡ ''ᱜᱳᱢᱯᱟ'' ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ — ''ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱥ'' (''ᱦᱟᱱᱞᱮ'' ᱥᱟᱶ) ᱙᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ; ''ᱪᱤᱢᱨᱟ'' ᱙᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ; ''ᱛᱷᱤᱜᱽᱥᱮ'' ᱕᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ; ''ᱯᱤᱛᱟᱠ'' ᱕᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ; ''ᱜᱟᱣᱟᱱ'' ᱙᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ; ''ᱞᱟᱢᱟ ᱭᱩᱨᱩ'' ᱙᱐᱐ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book| last=Cunningham| first=Alexander| url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.127431/mode/1up?q=Mehta+Basti+Ram| title=Ladak, Physical, Statistical, and Historical; with notices of the surrounding countries|publisher=[[W. H. Allen &amp; Co.]]|year=1854|location=London|author-link=Alexander Cunningham|pages=273}}&lt;/ref&gt; (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱢᱨᱟ/ᱪᱮᱢᱨᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ [[ᱦᱮᱱᱨᱤ ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱪᱤ (ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱡ)|ᱥᱴᱨᱮᱪᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ]] ᱑᱘᱕᱑ [[commons:File:1851 Map of Ladak West with parts of Balti and Monyul by Strachey.jpg|ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱠᱥᱟ]] ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ)&lt;br/&gt;
*ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ([[File:Arrows 12x12 n.svg]] [[File:Arrows 12x12 ne.svg]] [[File:Arrows 12x12 e.svg]] [[File:Arrows 12x12 s.svg]]) ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱰᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ)|ᱡᱳᱨᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱟᱜ]] ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ {{font color||#CF6|᱑ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕}} ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱓᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱥᱛᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ, ᱣᱟᱨᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱰᱠᱟᱨᱥᱴᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱛᱥᱮ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ {{font color||#FF6|A ᱠᱷᱚᱱ D}} ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱞᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ, ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱾ {{font color||#FC9|ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ}} ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱩᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ|ᱛᱟᱠᱞᱟᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|last=Charak|first=Sukhdev Singh|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_qk-DwAAQBAJ|title=General Zorawar Singh|publisher=Publications Division, Ministry of Information &amp; Broadcasting, Government of India|year=2016|isbn=9788123026480|location=New Delhi|pages=16}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* [[ᱱᱚᱨᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ (ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜᱤᱡ)|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱮᱞ ᱮᱱ. ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱑᱙۷᱘ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] II ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱑ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱞᱛᱳᱨᱳ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|last=Sircar|first=Joydeep|date=1984|title=Oropolitics|url=http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1984_files/AJ%201984%2074-49%20Sircar%20Oropolitics.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210101214055/http://www.alpinejournal.org.uk/Contents/Contents_1984_files/AJ%201984%2074-49%20Sircar%20Oropolitics.pdf|archive-date=1 January 2021|access-date=31 December 2020|website=British Alpine Journal|page=78}}&lt;/ref&gt;
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{{Location map many | ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ
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| label39 = &lt;span style=&quot;color:#A3ACBF&quot;&gt;ᱥᱯᱤᱛᱤ&lt;/span&gt;| label39_size = 140 | link39 = ᱥᱯᱤᱛᱤ | mark39size = 0 | position39 = top | coordinates39= {{coord|32.42|77.98}}
| label40 = &lt;span style=&quot;color:#A7A3BF&quot;&gt;ᱞ ᱟ ᱫ ᱟ ᱠᱷ&lt;/span&gt;| label40_size = 190 | link40 = ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ| mark40size = 0 | position40 = bottom | coordinates40= {{coord|33.951203|76.715477}}
| label41 = '''[[ᱥᱴᱳᱠ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]''' | label41_size = 75 | link41 = ᱥᱴᱳᱠ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ| mark41size = 20 | mark41 = Maki-mountain-15.svg | position41 = left | coordinates41= {{coord|33.986111|77.4425}}
| label42 = '''[[ᱠᱟᱝ ᱭᱟᱛᱡᱮ]]''' | label42_size = 75| link42 = ᱠᱟᱝ ᱭᱟᱛᱡᱮ| mark42size = 20 | mark42 = Maki-mountain-15.svg | position42 = left | coordinates42= {{coord|33.748215|77.556825}}
| label43 = '''[[ᱥᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]''' | label43_size = 75 | link43 = ᱥᱟᱥᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ| mark43size = 20 | mark43 = Maki-mountain-15.svg | position43 = right | coordinates43= {{coord|34.865|77.7525}}
| label44 = '''[[ᱥᱤᱞᱞᱟ (ᱵᱩᱨᱩ)|ᱥᱤᱞᱞᱟ]]''' | label44_size = 75 | link44 = ᱥᱤᱞᱞᱟ (ᱵᱩᱨᱩ)| mark44size = 20 | mark44 = Maki-mountain-15.svg | position44 = left | coordinates44= {{coord|32.433333|78.183333}}
| label45 = '''[[ᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱩᱱ]]''' | label45_size = 75| link45 = ᱱᱩᱱ ᱠᱩᱱ| mark45size = 20 | mark45 = Maki-mountain-15.svg | position45 = right | coordinates45= {{coord|33.98| 76.021667}}
| label46 = '''[[ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱚᱝ ᱛᱥᱳ]]''' | label46_size = 75 | link46 = ᱯᱮᱝᱜᱚᱝ ᱛᱥᱳ| mark46size = 20 | mark46 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg | position46 = left | coordinates46= {{coord|33.79403|78.63477}}
| label47 = '''[[ᱱᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ]]''' | label47_size = 75 | link47 = ᱱᱩᱵᱽᱨᱟ| mark47size = 20 | mark47 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg | position47 = left | coordinates47= {{coord|34.71231|77.56396}}
| label48 = '''[[ᱥᱭᱳᱠ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]]''' | label48_size = 75 | link48 = ᱥᱭᱳᱠ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| mark48size = 20 | mark48 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg | position48 = left | coordinates48= {{coord|35.00854|77.85940}}
| label50 = '''[[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ]]''' | label50_size = 75| link50 = ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ| mark50size = 20 | mark50 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg | position50 = left | coordinates50= {{coord|34.74516|76.22641}}
| label51 = '''[[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ]]''' | label51_size = 75 | link51 = ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ| mark51size = 20 | mark51 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg | position51 = left | coordinates51= {{coord|33.31124|78.40091}}
| label52 = '''[[ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥ]]''' | label52_size = 75 | link52 = ᱨᱳᱦᱛᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱥ| mark52size = 20 | mark52 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg | position52 = left | coordinates52= {{coord|32.371389|77.246389}}
| label53 = '''[[ᱠᱩᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱥ]]''' | label53_size =75 | link53 = ᱠᱩᱱᱡᱩᱢ ᱯᱟᱥ| mark53size = 20 | mark53 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg | position53 = left | coordinates53= {{coord|32.415798|77.648528}}
| label54 = '''[[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱳ ᱞᱟ]]''' | label54_size = 75 | link54 = ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱳ ᱞᱟ| mark54size = 20 | mark54 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg | position54 = left | coordinates54= {{coord|32.90917|77.20278}}
| label55 = '''[[ᱛᱟᱜᱽᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱟ]]''' | label55_size = 75 | link55 = ᱛᱟᱜᱽᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱟ| mark55size = 20 | mark55 = Mountain pass 12x12 se.svg | position55 = left | coordinates55= {{coord|33.507778|77.77}}
| label56 = '''[[ᱪᱟᱝ ᱞᱟ]]''' | label56_size = 75 | link56 = ᱪᱟᱝ ᱞᱟ| mark56size = 15 | mark56 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg | position56 = top | coordinates56= {{coord|34.0470|77.9942}}
| label57 = '''[[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱫᱩᱝ ᱞᱟ]]''' | label57_size = 75 | link57 = ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱫᱩᱝ ᱞᱟ| mark57size = 20 | mark57 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg | position57 = right | coordinates57= {{coord|34.278333|77.604167}}
| label58 = '''[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟ-ᱞᱟᱪᱟ ᱞᱟ]]''' | label58_size = 75 | link58 = ᱵᱟᱨᱟ-ᱞᱟᱪᱟ ᱞᱟ| mark58size = 20 | mark58 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg | position58 = right | coordinates58= {{coord|32.758611|77.420278}}
| label59 = '''[[ᱛᱥᱳ ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱨᱤ]]''' | label59_size = 75| link59 = ᱛᱥᱳ ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱨᱤ| mark59size = 20 | mark59 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg | position59 = left | coordinates59= {{coord|32.9|78.3}}
| label60 = '''[[ᱦᱟᱱᱞᱮ (ᱟᱹᱛᱩ)|ᱦᱟᱱᱞᱮ]]''' | label60_size = 75 | link60 = | mark60size = 6 | position60 = left | coordinates60 = {{coord|32.790556|79.001944}} | background60 = aqua
&lt;!-- Ladakh conquest route --&gt;
&lt;!-- Kishtwar to Suru to Khalaste --&gt;
| label62 = '''᱓''' | label62_size = 75 | link62 = [[ᱥᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ]] | mark62size = 20 | mark62 = Arrows 12x12 n.svg | position62 = left | coordinates62 = {{coord|34.5043|75.9679}} | background62 = #CF6
| label63 = '''᱒''' | label63_size = 75 | link63 = [[ᱣᱟᱨᱣᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱰᱟ]] | mark63size = 20 | mark63 = Arrows 12x12 ne.svg | position63 = right | coordinates63 = {{coord|33.864167|75.535278}}| background63 = #CF6
| label64 = '''᱔''' | label64_size = 75 | link64 =  | mark64size = 20 | mark64 = Arrows 12x12 se.svg | position64 = right | coordinates64 = {{coord|34.4364|76.4945}}| background64 = #CF6
| label66 = '''᱑''' | label66_size = 75 | link66 =  | mark66size = 20 | mark66 = Arrows 12x12 ne.svg | position66 = right | coordinates66 = {{coord|33.36795|75.75743}}| background66 = #CF6
&lt;!-- Balti Skardu conquest --&gt;
| label67 = '''B''' | label67_size = 75 | link67 =  | mark67size = 20 | mark67 = Arrows 12x12 n.svg | position67 = right | coordinates67 = {{coord|35.0986|75.6997}} | background67 = #FF6
| label61 = '''[[ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ|ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ (C)]]''' | label61_size = 75 | link61 = [[ᱥᱠᱟᱨᱫᱩ]] | mark61size = 6 | position61 = right | coordinates61 = {{coord|35.290278| 75.644444}} | background61 = #FF6
| label65 = '''D''' | label65_size = 75 | link65 =  | mark65size = 20 | mark65 = Arrows 12x12 se.svg | position65 = right | coordinates65 = {{coord|35.1128|76.1551}}| background65 = #FF6
| label68 = '''E''' | label68_size = 75 | link68 =  | mark68size = 20 | mark68 = Arrows 12x12 se.svg | position68 = right | coordinates68 = {{coord|34.5517|76.6130}}| background68 = #FF6
| label69 = '''[[ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱛᱥᱮ|A]]'''| label69_size = 75 | link69 = [[ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱟᱛᱥᱮ]] | mark69size = 6 | position69 = bottom | coordinates69 = {{coord|34.320078|76.879303}} | background69 = #FF6
&lt;!--Southwards conquest to Rudok and Hanle--&gt;
| label70 = '''[[ᱛᱟᱝᱛᱥᱮ|ᱰᱨᱟᱝᱛᱥᱮ]]'''| label70_size = 75 | link70 = [[ᱛᱟᱝᱛᱥᱮ]] | mark70size = 6 | position70 =right| coordinates70 = {{coord|34.03015|78.16773}} | background70 = #FC9
| label71 = '''[[ᱪᱩᱪᱳᱴ ᱜᱳᱝᱢᱟ|ᱪᱳ–ᱥᱳᱫᱽ]]'''| label71_size = 75 | link71 = [[ᱪᱩᱪᱳᱴ ᱜᱳᱝᱢᱟ]] | mark71size = 6 | position71 =left| coordinates71 = {{coord|34.039712|77.643473}} | background71 = #FC9
| label72 = '''[[ᱨᱩᱫᱳᱠ]]'''| label72_size = 75 | link72 = [[ᱨᱩᱫᱳᱠ]] | mark72size = 6 | position72 = bottom | coordinates72 = {{coord|33.416065| 79.643312}} | background72 = #FC9
| label73 = '''[[ᱨᱩᱫᱳᱠ]] ᱥᱮᱫ''' | label73_size = 75 | link73 =  | mark73size = 20 | mark73 = Arrows 12x12 se.svg | position73 = right | coordinates73 = {{coord|33.5876|78.7346}}| background73 = #FC9
| label74 = '''[[ᱛᱟᱥᱤᱜᱟᱝ, ᱱᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ|ᱛᱟᱥᱤᱜᱟᱝ]]''' | label74_size = 75 | link74 = [[ᱛᱟᱥᱤᱜᱟᱝ, ᱱᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ]] | mark74size =  | mark74 = | position74 = left | coordinates74 = {{coord|32.5087|79.6767}}| background74 = #FC9
| label75 = '''[[ᱛᱟᱥᱤᱜᱟᱝ, ᱱᱜᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ|ᱛᱟᱥᱤᱜᱟᱝ]] ᱥᱮᱫ''' | label75_size = 75 | link75 =  | mark75size = 20 | mark75 = Arrows 12x12 s.svg | position75 = left | coordinates75 = {{coord|33.0346|79.6046}}| background75 = #FC9
| label76 = '''[[ᱦᱟᱱᱞᱮ (ᱟᱹᱛᱩ)|ᱦᱟᱱᱞᱮ]] ᱥᱮᱫ''' | label76_size = 75 | link76 =  | mark76size = 20 | mark76 = Arrows 12x12 se.svg | position76 = left | coordinates76 = {{coord|33.5022|78.1351}}| background76 = #FC9
| label77 = '''[[ᱜᱟᱨᱛᱳᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱩᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱟᱣᱩᱱ|ᱛᱟᱠᱞᱟᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱥᱮᱫ''' | label77_size = 75 | link77 =  | mark77size = 20 | mark77 = Arrows 12x12 se.svg | position77 = left | coordinates77 = {{coord|32.36946|79.60323}}| background77 = #FC9
&lt;!--Siachen--&gt;
| label78 = '''[[ᱛᱮᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]''' | label78_size = 75| link78 = [[ᱛᱮᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]| mark78size = 20 | mark78 = High Mountain 32x32.svg | position78 = left | coordinates78= {{coord|35.58|77.078333}}
| label79 = '''[[ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]''' | label79_size = 75| link79 = [[ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]| mark79size = 20 | mark79 = High Mountain 32x32.svg | position79 = left | coordinates79= {{coord|35.658056|76.776111}}
| label80 = '''[[ᱥᱟᱞᱛᱳᱨᱳ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]''' | label80_size = 75| link80 = [[ᱥᱟᱞᱛᱳᱨᱳ ᱠᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]| mark80size = 20 | mark80 = High Mountain 32x32.svg | position80 = left | coordinates80= {{coord|35.399333|76.848667}}
| label81 = '''[[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱯᱷᱳᱱᱰ ᱞᱟ]]''' | label81_size = 75| link81 = [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱯᱷᱳᱱᱰ ᱞᱟ]]| mark81size = 20 | mark81 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg| position81 = right | coordinates81= {{coord|35.383333|76.95}}
&lt;!--Galwan skirmish--&gt;
| label82 = '''[[ᱜᱟᱞᱣᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]]''' | label82_size = 75| link82 = [[ᱜᱟᱞᱣᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]]| mark82size = 15 |mark82=AS-rzeka-icon.svg | position82 = right | coordinates82= {{coord|34.7444|78.2714}}
&lt;!-- end --&gt;
}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{clear}} 

{{template reference list}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱟᱫᱟᱠᱷ|*]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:CSS crop</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>38102</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198057</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T13:44:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#if:{{{Content|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#if:{{{Description|}}}|thumb {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:^|&lt;!-- --&gt;}}{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#switch:{{{Location|}}}  | none | tnone = tnone  | left | tleft | floatleft = floatleft  | right | tright | floatright = floatright  | center = center  | #default = floatright }}|{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:^|&lt;!-- if no description: --&gt;}}{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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--&gt;}}{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#switch:{{{Location|}}}
 | none | tnone = tnone
 | left | tleft | floatleft = floatleft
 | right | tright | floatright = floatright
 | center = center
 | #default = floatright }}|{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:^|&lt;!-- if no description:
--&gt;}}{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#switch:{{{Location|}}}
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{{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#if:{{{Description|}}}|&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;width: {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#expr:{{{cWidth}}}+2}}px;&quot;&gt;}}
&lt;div {{safesubst&lt;noinclude /&gt;:#if:{{{Description|}}}|class=&quot;thumbimage&quot;}} style=&quot;width: {{{cWidth}}}px; height: {{{cHeight}}}px; overflow: hidden;&quot;&gt;
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    <title>ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38103</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198059</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T13:55:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox ethnic group | group            = ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ &lt;br /&gt; (ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ) | image            =  | image_caption    =  | population       = ᱗,᱗᱗᱑ ᱜᱟᱱ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India 2011|publisher=MHA, Govt of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ | languages        = [[ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (ᱯᱩᱭ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="3278" sha1="gkuyyiiveumvzq42ubu3f7fg24an1fw" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group            = ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ &lt;br /&gt; (ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ)
| image            = 
| image_caption    = 
| population       = ᱗,᱗᱗᱑ ᱜᱟᱱ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/ST.html|title=Census of India 2011|publisher=MHA, Govt of India}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ
| languages        = [[ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ([[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|L1]]) &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ([[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|L2]])&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religions        = [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]]
| related          = [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ]], [[ᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]], ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
| footnotes        = 
}}

'''ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱞᱟᱢᱠᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.scribd.com/doc/109805873/A-Brief-Account-of-the-Lamkang-Naga-Tribe|title=Brief Account of the Lamkang Naga}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱥᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/subord/rule9a.htm|title=1THE CONSTITUTION (SCHEDULED TRIBES)|access-date=2016-07-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170920212634/http://lawmin.nic.in/ld/subord/rule9a.htm|archive-date=2017-09-20|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>gkuyyiiveumvzq42ubu3f7fg24an1fw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38104</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198060</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T14:03:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox ethnic group | group       = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ | population  = | image       = &quot;Maram&quot; written in Meitei script.jpg | image_caption = &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ | region1     = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | pop1        = ᱑᱐,᱙᱑᱑ (᱑᱙᱘᱘) ᱾ ᱓᱗,᱓᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198060</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6545" sha1="fpwlgnuuhgiv3e4lasz18ugl2g4hevs" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group
| group       = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ
| population  =
| image       = &quot;Maram&quot; written in Meitei script.jpg
| image_caption = &quot;ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ&quot; ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
| region1     = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ, ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| pop1        = ᱑᱐,᱙᱑᱑ (᱑᱙᱘᱘) ᱾ ᱓᱗,᱓᱐᱐ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)&lt;ref name=&quot;Joseph_1992&quot;&gt;{{cite book | title = Maram Nagas, a socio-cultural study | author = Joseph Athickal | edition =  illustrated | publisher = Mittal | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-81-7099-354-4 | pages = 2–5 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| languages   = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ]] ([[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]]) &lt;br /&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ([[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]])&lt;ref name=&quot;Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| religions   = [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]], [[ᱟᱱᱤᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cultural Transformation among the Maram Tribe: A Study in Senapati District, Manipur |url=https://www.erpublications.com/uploaded_files/download/roy-george-dr-k-o-sebastian_LZqbQ.pdf |website=erpublications.com |access-date=17 March 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240916115934/https://www.erpublications.com/uploaded_files/download/roy-george-dr-k-o-sebastian_LZqbQ.pdf |archive-date=16 September 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
| related     = [[ᱛᱮᱱᱭᱤᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱛᱮᱱᱭᱤᱢᱤ]] ([[ᱟᱝᱜᱟᱢᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]{{·}}[[ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱮᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]{{·}}[[ᱢᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱲ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱢᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]{{·}}[[ᱯᱚᱣᱢᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱯᱚᱣᱢᱟᱭ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]{{·}}[[ᱨᱮᱝᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]{{·}}[[ᱡᱮᱢᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱡᱮᱢᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]])
| footnotes   =
}}'''ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]] ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Meitei {{!}} Ethnologue |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mni/ |access-date=2023-05-03 |website=[[Ethnologue]] |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ==
[[File:Stone Erections of Willong Khullen.jpg|thumb|left|ᱣᱤᱞᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱦᱤᱨ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱣᱤᱞᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱱᱟᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱞᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱞᱚᱝ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Joseph_1992&quot;/&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱨᱮᱥ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web | url = http://senapati.nic.in/festival.htm | title = Festivals | publisher = District Administration, Senapati District, Manipur | access-date = 2011-10-24 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.e-pao.net/epSubPageExtractor.asp?src=manipur.Ethnic_Races_Manipur.Ethnic_Races_Sanathong.MARAM|title=MARAM}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

== ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ ==

* {{cite book | title = Maram Nagas, a socio-cultural study | author = Joseph Athickal | edition =  illustrated | publisher = Mittal | year = 1992 | isbn = 978-81-7099-354-4 }}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
* {{cite thesis |title=History and culture of the Maram Nagas _ a reconstruction from oral and folklore traditions |last=Tiba |first=Th R |publisher=[[Assam University]] |date=2006 |type=PhD |hdl=10603/93525 |url=https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/93525}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>fpwlgnuuhgiv3e4lasz18ugl2g4hevs</sha1>
    </revision>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198061</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-20T14:15:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Infobox ethnic group|group=ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ|image=Koniak 0382b.jpg|image_caption=ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|languages=[[ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]|popplace={{flag|India}}|region1=[[ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ]]|pop1=᱒᱓᱗,᱕᱖᱘|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198061</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11104" sha1="gqexpek5q0h37g8dwti3f9u37spvmj3" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox ethnic group|group=ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ|image=Koniak 0382b.jpg|image_caption=ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ|languages=[[ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]|popplace={{flag|India}}|region1=[[ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ]]|pop1=᱒᱓᱗,᱕᱖᱘|ref1=&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Census of India 2011|chapter=ST-13 PCA A-11 Appendix: District wise Scheduled Tribe population, Nagaland|publisher=Office of the Registrar General &amp; Census Commissioner, India|year=2011|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/43012}}&lt;/ref&gt;|region2={{nbsp|10}}[[File:Seal of Assam.svg|20px]][[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]]|pop2=N/A|region3={{flag|Myanmar}}|pop3=N/A|region4={{nbsp|10}}[[File:Flag of Naga Self-Administered Zone.png|20px]][[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱯᱷ-ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱳᱱ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱮᱥ.ᱮ.ᱡᱮᱰ (SAZ)]]|pop4=N/A|religions=[[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱱᱤᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ|related=[[ᱣᱟᱱᱪᱳ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ|ᱣᱟᱱᱪᱳ]], ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]], ᱛᱟᱭ ᱟᱦᱳᱢ}}

'''ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]] ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;'Konyak Nagas' by Christoph von Furer-Haimendorf, (1969)&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱳᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱟᱝᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱟᱝᱥ''/''ᱣᱟᱝᱥ'' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱫᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://qz.com/india/1136007/the-konyaks-of-nagaland-indias-famed-tattooed-headhunters-are-a-vanishing-tribe/|title=Portraits of India's last tattooed headhunters before they disappear}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ==
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Konyak_Tribe_3.jpg|right|thumb|ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Konyak_Tribe_001.jpg|right|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

=== ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ===
ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱯ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱛᱤᱨᱟᱯ]], [[ᱞᱚᱝᱰᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱞᱚᱝᱰᱤᱝ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱟᱝᱞᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱪᱟᱝᱞᱟᱝ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ; ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱥᱟᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]; ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱯᱷ-ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱳᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱟᱱᱪᱳ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ('ᱣᱟᱱᱪᱳ' ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱱᱳᱠᱴᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱝᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱽᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ 'ᱵᱟᱟᱱ' (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ) ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱤᱡᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱫᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱾{{citation needed|date=ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔}}

ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔}}

=== ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ===
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱜᱚᱞᱟᱣ, ᱯᱤᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱞᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱪᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱟᱸᱜᱟᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱩᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱯᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔}}

=== ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ===
''ᱟᱣᱞᱮᱭᱟᱝ'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ (᱑-᱖) ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱛᱟᱹ ᱮᱨ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ (''ᱠᱟᱦᱣᱟᱝ'') ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱥᱤᱨᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ, ''ᱞᱟᱣ ᱳᱝ ᱢᱳ'', ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ/ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔}}
[[ᱨᱮᱫ:Ceremonial_basket_Konyak_Naga.jpg|right|thumb|ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]]

== ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ==
ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ-ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ-ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ-ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ [[ᱜᱟᱨᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱜᱟᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱳᱲᱳ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔}}

== ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==

* ᱪᱤᱝᱣᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ (ᱡ. ᱑᱙᱔᱓), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* ᱮᱱ. ᱵᱳᱝᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ (ᱡ. ᱑᱙᱗᱗), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* ᱯᱷᱟᱝᱱᱳᱱ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ (ᱡ. ᱑᱙᱗᱘), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* ᱯᱤ. ᱯᱟᱭᱣᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱱᱭᱟᱠ (ᱡ. ᱑᱙᱗᱗), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* ᱱᱳᱠᱮ ᱣᱟᱝᱱᱟᱣ (ᱡ. ᱑᱙᱔᱘), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱩ. ᱣᱟᱝᱭᱩᱦ (ᱡ. ᱑᱙᱖᱓), ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==

* Stirn, Aglaja &amp; Peter van Ham. ''The Hidden world of the Naga: Living Traditions in Northeast India''. London: Prestel.
* Oppitz, Michael, Thomas Kaiser, Alban von Stockhausen &amp; Marion Wettstein. 2008. ''Naga Identities: Changing Local Cultures in the Northeast of India''. Gent: Snoeck Publishers.
* Kunz, Richard &amp; Vibha Joshi. 2008. ''Naga – A Forgotten Mountain Region Rediscovered''. Basel: Merian.
* Alban von Stockhausen: ''Imag(in)ing the Nagas: The Pictorial Ethnography of Hans-Eberhard Kauffmann and Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf''. Arnoldsche, Stuttgart 2014,.
* {{ISBN|978-3-89790-412-5}}.

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{commons category|Konyak Naga}}

* [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=nbe ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱚᱞᱚᱜᱽ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ]</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-09-20T14:21:01Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;'''ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱟ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="2942" sha1="o1ebw7vw1kzk0ozr0suxltj77ko8n5e" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛᱤᱭᱟ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Singh |first=K. S. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=iKsqzB4P1ioC&amp;dq=Bhil+Gametia+people&amp;pg=PA155 |title=People of India: Rajasthan |date=1998 |publisher=Popular Prakashan |isbn=978-81-7154-766-1 |pages=155–8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱟᱡᱟᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱢᱮᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱚᱨᱜᱚᱲ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱣᱟᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱣᱟᱲᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ [[ᱢᱮᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱮᱣᱟᱲᱤ]] ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾

== ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ==

ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱰᱳᱜᱮᱢᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱚᱬᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾


== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==

{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱟᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>o1ebw7vw1kzk0ozr0suxltj77ko8n5e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
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    <title>ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38107</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198076</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T05:53:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]  ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱝ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾  ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198076</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1869" sha1="fbaqyc2nnyh2hktntvr00cbh8c02gfk" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱝ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱴ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱯᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟᱭ ᱾</text>
      <sha1>fbaqyc2nnyh2hktntvr00cbh8c02gfk</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198077</id>
      <parentid>198076</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T05:58:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198077</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2030" sha1="olb2f9np6tvryv7iv9rln5275e6vd91" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱝ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱴ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱯᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟᱭ ᱾</text>
      <sha1>olb2f9np6tvryv7iv9rln5275e6vd91</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198078</id>
      <parentid>198077</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T06:07:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198078</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2243" sha1="0brs3jon3qhf4a2c81uy63zq98yxlfi" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱝ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱴ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱯᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟᱭ ᱾</text>
      <sha1>0brs3jon3qhf4a2c81uy63zq98yxlfi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198079</id>
      <parentid>198078</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T06:10:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198079</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2228" sha1="1dl8dxshg6j9s3199pvvpffzo0cu2fq" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱱᱡᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱴ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱯᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟᱭ ᱾</text>
      <sha1>1dl8dxshg6j9s3199pvvpffzo0cu2fq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198080</id>
      <parentid>198079</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T06:18:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198080</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2272" sha1="9izbs51zsusvf13sj93qdcrl19u2oxb" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱛᱨᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱷᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ‌. ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱯᱚᱸᱡᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱤ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟᱭ ᱾</text>
      <sha1>9izbs51zsusvf13sj93qdcrl19u2oxb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198081</id>
      <parentid>198080</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T06:30:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198081</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2291" sha1="jiij3gntrv32bh3jazniphhiigacp8x" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱸᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱸᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ‌. ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱭ᱾</text>
      <sha1>jiij3gntrv32bh3jazniphhiigacp8x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198083</id>
      <parentid>198081</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T06:51:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198083</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4593" sha1="i8vo05983jjtturcyczhl6pwkozxs29" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱸᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱸᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ‌. ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱭ᱾

[[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ]]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ:

[[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ:]] 
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱤᱛᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱥᱟᱬᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ: ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱟᱭ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟᱲ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾

[[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱩᱯᱲᱩᱵᱽ:]]
 ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱯᱲᱩᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

[[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ]]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱬᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱣᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾</text>
      <sha1>i8vo05983jjtturcyczhl6pwkozxs29</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198084</id>
      <parentid>198083</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T06:59:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198084</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3963" sha1="rvujpbnpznbj50srpyyr1jp3f40qlqr" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱸᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱸᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ‌. ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱭ᱾

[[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ]]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ:

[[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ:]] 
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱤᱛᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱥᱟᱬᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ: ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱟᱭ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟᱲ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾

[[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱩᱯᱲᱩᱵᱽ:]]
ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟ.ᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱯᱲᱩᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾</text>
      <sha1>rvujpbnpznbj50srpyyr1jp3f40qlqr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>198085</id>
      <parentid>198084</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T07:02:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Subhash Kisku</username>
        <id>10219</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>198085</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3963" sha1="9j1dk3rapmblhzr340lyv4x1meur08d" xml:space="preserve">[[ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ]]

ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ: ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱟᱨ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱷᱮᱸᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱡᱚᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ, ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ, ᱜᱩᱰᱤᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾
[[File:ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱠᱷᱟᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱚᱱᱵᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱩᱢᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱱᱰ.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ]]

ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱫᱤᱵᱟᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱸᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟ‌. ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱮᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾

ᱵᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱭᱠᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱵᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱟᱭ᱾

[[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ]]

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ:

[[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ:]] 
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱤᱛᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱮᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱥᱟᱬᱮ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾
ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ: ᱥᱚᱦᱨᱟᱭ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱛᱷᱟᱲ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾

[[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱫᱩᱯᱲᱩᱵᱽ:]]
ᱢᱟᱺᱡᱷᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟ.ᱛᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱯᱲᱩᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱜᱟᱣ: ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾</text>
      <sha1>9j1dk3rapmblhzr340lyv4x1meur08d</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38108</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198090</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T08:35:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ}} {{Infobox rail service | name = ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ | image =  | image_width =  | caption =  | type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] | locale = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|06|30}} | first = {{start date and a...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198090</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7809" sha1="917ur48vpkwzbqkd7n2pebdlwkby4l1" xml:space="preserve">{{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱥᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ}}
{{Infobox rail service
| name = ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ
| image = 
| image_width = 
| caption = 
| type = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
| locale = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|06|30}}
| first = {{start date and age|df=yes|2012|06|30}}
| last =
| operator = [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]
| ridership =
| start = {{rws|ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ||ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}} (HWH)
| stops = ᱑᱗
| end = {{rws|ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}} (LKU)
| distance = {{convert|1303|km|0|abbr=on}}
| journeytime = ᱒᱒ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱔᱐ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ
| frequency = Weekly {{efn|Runs one days in a week for every direction.}}
| class = ᱮᱥᱤ ᱒ ᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱮᱥᱤ ᱓ ᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱪ, ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱷᱟ
| seating = ᱵᱟᱝ 
| sleeping = ᱦᱳᱭ
| autorack =
| catering = ᱚᱱ-ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱨᱤᱝ, &lt;br/&gt; ᱤ-ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱨᱤᱝ
| observation = ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱷᱚᱨᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ 
| entertainment = 
| baggage = ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ 
| otherfacilities = ᱥᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ
| stock = ᱮᱞ.ᱮᱪ.ᱵᱤ ᱠᱳᱪ
| gauge = {{RailGauge|1676mm}}
| el =
| trainnumber = ᱑᱒᱓᱕᱑ / ᱑᱒᱓᱕᱒
| speed = {{convert|57|km/h|0|abbr=on}} ᱦᱚᱞᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱾
| map =
| map_state =
}}

᱑᱒᱓᱕᱑/᱑᱒᱓᱕᱒ '''ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱓᱕᱓/᱑᱒᱓᱕᱔ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.er.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,4,268&amp;dcd=845&amp;did=1465816928776050346AA5EBB1B38C56E732E975D4085.web91 ADDITIONAL AC 3-TIER BERTHS IN POPULAR LONG DISTANCE TRAINS]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://epaper.jagran.com/epaperimages/18012015/Moradabad/17RMP-pg8-0/d3056.png &quot;Change in route of 12353/12354 hwh lku exp from July 1 2015&quot;]{{dead link|date=February 2026|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱥᱮᱵᱟ==
᱑᱒᱓᱕᱓/ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ - ᱞᱟᱞ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱓᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱒᱔ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱕ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱒᱓᱕᱔/ᱞᱟᱞ ᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ - ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱚᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱓᱔᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱒᱔ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱒᱕ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ==
ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
* '''{{rws|ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ||ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}'''
* {{rws|ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱟᱥᱟᱱᱥᱳᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱜᱟᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱫᱮᱦᱨᱤ-ᱚᱱ-ᱥᱳᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ||ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱭᱟᱞ ᱩᱯᱟᱫᱷᱭᱟᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯᱜᱚᱲ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱨᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ}}
* {{rws|ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
* {{rws|ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ}}
* {{rws|ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ}}
* '''{{rws|ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}'''

==ᱠᱳᱪ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱚᱡᱤᱴ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱮᱯᱷ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ, ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ.ᱮᱪ.ᱵᱤ ᱨᱮᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ :

* ᱒ ᱮᱥᱤ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ
* ᱓ ᱮᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱭᱟᱨ
* ᱘ ᱥᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱠᱚ
* ᱒  ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ
* ᱒ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ-ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱪ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ/ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱵᱷᱮᱱ

==ᱴᱨᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ==
ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ WDP-4 ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱞᱳᱠᱳ ᱥᱮᱰ-ᱵᱮᱥᱰ ᱣᱮᱯ-᱗ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱣᱮᱯ-᱔ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱞᱳᱠᱳᱢᱳᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ ᱾

==ᱨᱮᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓᱐᱒᱕/᱑᱓᱐᱒᱖ [[ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱠ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==

* [[ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]
* [[ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]
* [[ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ-ᱵᱷᱚᱯᱟᱞ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]

==ᱱᱳᱴᱥ==
{{notelist}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/491 ᱑᱒᱓᱕᱓/ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ - ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]
* [https://indiarailinfo.com/train/lal-kuan-howrah-weekly-sf-express-12354/492/949/1 ᱑᱒᱓᱕᱔/ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ - ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱥ.ᱮᱯᱷ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ - ᱞᱟᱞᱠᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱟᱣᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>917ur48vpkwzbqkd7n2pebdlwkby4l1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38109</id>
    <revision>
      <id>198091</id>
      <timestamp>2026-09-21T10:43:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Short description|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}} {{Infobox station | name            = ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ | other_name      =  | style           = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | system          = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>198091</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19637" sha1="2etgyjlkzczqpahuwga9yxpminmydsv" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ}}
{{Infobox station
| name            = ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ
| other_name      = 
| style           = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ
| system          = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
| image           = Charbagh Railway Station, Lucknow.jpg
| caption         = ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
| address         = [[ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ]], ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ, ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| coordinates     = {{Coord|26.832|N|80.919|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline}}
| elevation       = {{convert|123.500|m|ft}}
| connections     = {{ric|Lucknow Metro}} {{rcb|Lucknow Metro|Red|croute}} [[ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ]]
| structure       = ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟᱱ
| parking         = ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ
| cyclepark       = 
| architect       = ᱡᱮ. ᱮᱪ. ᱦᱳᱨᱱᱤᱢᱟᱱ
| code            = LKO
| zone            = [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]]
| owner           = [[ᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)|ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ)]]
| operator        = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]
| opened          = {{start date|df=yes|1914|3|21}}
| closed          = 
| rebuilt         = 
| status          = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ
| electrified     = 
| former          = [[ᱚᱣᱟᱫᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] / [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]]
| map_locator     = 
| route_map       = 
| map_state       = 
| pushpin_map     = India Uttar Pradesh#India
| pushpin_label   = ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ
| mapframe        = yes
| mapframe-custom = {{Maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|frame-align=center|frame-width=300|frame-height=180|zoom=14|type=point|marker=rail}}
| line            = *[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ-ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱟᱭᱳᱫᱷᱤᱭᱟ-ᱡᱚᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
*[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ-ᱨᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ-ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱨᱟᱭᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
*[[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ-ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ-ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ-ᱡᱚᱣᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
*[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱩᱱᱱᱟᱣ-ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
*[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ-ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
| platform        = ᱙
| tracks          = ᱒᱖
| passengers      = ᱘᱐,᱐᱐᱐
| services        = [[File:Feature ticket office.svg|20px|Computerized Ticketing Counters]] [[File:Baggage claim ecomo.svg|20px|Luggage Checking System]] [[File:Feature parking.svg|20px|Parking]] [[File:Feature accessible.svg|20px|Disabled Access]] [[File:SymbolCoffeeShop.svg|20px|Food Plaza]] [[File:AB-Autobahnkiosk.svg|20px|Kiosks]] [[File:Aseos Públicos.jpg|20px|WC]] [[File:Aiga taxi.svg|20px|Taxi Stand]] [[File:Feature suburban buses.svg|20px|Public Transportation]]
}}

'''ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ''' (ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱮᱱ.ᱟᱨ.''', ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ: '''LKO''') ᱫᱚ [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]], [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url=https://indiarailinfo.com/station/map/lucknow-charbagh-nr-lko/336|title=India Rail Info|website=Indiarailinfo.com|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱮᱱ.ᱟᱨ. ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ-ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ-ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ-ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ-ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ-ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱥᱩᱞᱛᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ-ᱡᱚᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱱᱟᱥᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱢᱳᱨᱟᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ (NSG 2) ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ {{stnlnk|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}} (LJN) ᱟᱨ {{stnlnk|ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱵᱟᱜᱽ}} (ASH) ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱥᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱣᱟᱫᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ (O&amp;RR) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱘᱖᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

ᱵᱤᱥᱳᱯ ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱽ ᱦᱮᱵᱚᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮ. ᱮᱪ. ᱦᱳᱨᱱᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱚᱞᱴᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱪᱚᱣᱵᱮ ᱢᱩᱠᱛᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ, ᱚᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ, ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ: ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ (LKO), ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ (LJN), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱚᱰᱟᱨᱱᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ==
ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱟᱢᱨᱤᱛ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱔᱒᱐ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱥᱟᱛ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱡᱤᱴ ᱦᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ LKO (ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ) ᱟᱨ LJN (ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ) ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ:
* ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱱᱠᱚᱨᱥ (᱑᱒᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ x ᱑᱑᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱲᱩᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱾
* ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱑ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱽ ᱒ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ (ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ-ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱟᱱᱴ ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱽ) ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

[[File:Under-construction Charbagh Station New Building.jpg|thumb|ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ.ᱵᱷᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱞ. (''ᱨᱮᱞ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ'')]]
ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱰ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱱᱠᱚᱨᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱭᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ==
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ₹ ᱗᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱒ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ ₹ ᱑᱔ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮ. ᱮᱪ. ᱦᱳᱨᱱᱤᱢᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱑᱙᱒᱓ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱵᱮ ᱢᱩᱠᱴᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱱᱵᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱞᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱱᱥᱟᱞᱴᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱴ, ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱜᱚᱞ ᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱞᱤ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱦᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-budget-2012-railway-indias-best-stations/20120314.htm#6|title=India's best railway stations|date=14 March 2012|work=Rediff}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱳ ᱙᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱴᱤᱯᱷᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web|url = https://in.news.yahoo.com/lucknow-police-station-gets-iso-9001-certification-121431909.html|title = Lucknow police station gets ISO-9001 certification|date = 11 March 2012|access-date = 6 March 2015|publisher = Yahoo News India|agency = [[Indo-Asian News Service|IANS]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱞ ᱞᱳᱠᱳ ᱥᱮᱰ, ᱟᱞᱟᱢᱵᱟᱜᱽ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱮᱞ !! ᱞᱳᱠᱳᱢᱳᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱠᱞᱟᱥ !! ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ !! ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱜᱟᱱ
|-
| ᱑. || [[:en:|WAP-4]] || ᱕᱓᱕᱐ || ᱒
|- 
| ᱒. || [[:en:|WAG-7]] || ᱕᱓᱕᱐ || ᱖᱐
|-
| ᱓. || [[:en:|WAG-5]] || ᱓᱘᱕᱐ || ᱑᱙
|-
| ᱔. ||[[:en:|WAP-1]] || ᱓᱘᱕᱐ || ᱑᱕
|-
| ᱕. || [[:en:|WDG-3A]] || ᱓᱑᱐᱐ || ᱒᱕
|- 
| ᱖. || [[:en:|WDM-3A]] || ᱓᱑᱐᱐ || ᱑᱖
|-
| ᱗. || [[:en:|WDM-3D]] || ᱓᱓᱐᱐ || ᱗᱒
|-
| ᱘. ||[[:en:WDG-4|WDG-4/4D]] || ᱔᱐᱐᱐/᱔᱕᱐᱐ || ᱕᱘
|-
| ᱙. ||[[:en:WDP-4|WDP-4/4B/4D]] || ᱔᱐᱐᱐/᱔᱕᱐᱐ || ᱒᱘
|-
| colspan=&quot;3&quot; |'''ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱞᱳᱠᱳᱢᱳᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ'''&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ministry of Railways (Railway Board) |url=https://indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/view_section.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,1,304,366,541,710,717 |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=Railway Board, Indian Railways}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Electric Loco Holding |url=https://elocos.railnet.gov.in/Holding/holding.html |access-date=28 May 2025 |website=Railnet}}&lt;/ref&gt;|| ᱒᱙᱕
|}

==ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱠᱚ==
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱞᱠᱩᱥᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱞᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱮᱱ.ᱤ.ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱮᱠᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;180&quot;&gt;
File:Charbagh Railway.jpg|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱧᱮᱞ
File:Lucknow Charbagh Railway Station 3.jpg|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ
File:Lucknow charbagh railway station 13.jpg|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱧᱮᱞ
File:Lko charbagh railway station 10.jpg|LKO ᱨᱮ FOB ᱧᱮᱞ
File:Lucknow charbagh railway station platform 7.jpg|LKO ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱗ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ
File:Lko charbagh railway station 5.jpg|LKO ᱯᱞᱮᱴᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱑ ᱾
File:Lko charbagh railway station 3.jpg|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱾
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==
{{Wikivoyage|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ}}
{{Wikivoyage|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ}}

* {{cite web
|url=http://indiarailinfo.com/arrivals/lucknow-charbagh-nr-lko/336| title=Arrivals from LKO/Lucknow Charbagh| website=IndiaRailInfo}}
* {{cite web| url=http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/lucknow-charbagh-nr-lko/336| title=Departures from LKO/Lucknow Charbagh| website=IndiaRailInfo}}

{{Authority control}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱮᱱ.ᱟᱨ. ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱱᱫᱳ-ᱥᱟᱨᱟᱥᱮᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱠᱤᱴᱮᱠᱪᱚᱨ]]</text>
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