ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.22 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 6035 198798 37941 2026-10-02T17:39:54Z AlbetusTudu 1096 /* ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ */ 198798 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | official_name           =ᱵᱤᱨᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ Birganj | native_name = বীরগঞ্জ | settlement_type = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟᱠᱚ|ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ]] | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = Bangladesh | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Bangladesh | coordinates = {{coord|26|0|0|N|88|35|0|E|type:adm3rd|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = [[ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱠᱚ|ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_type3 = <!-- Capital --> | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱨᱚᱝᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱸᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ (ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ)|ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱸᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name3 = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | area_total_km2 = 413 | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 231305 | population_as_of = 1991 | population_footnotes = | population_density_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | website = | timezone = [[Bangladesh Standard Time|BST]] | utc_offset = +6 }} '''ᱵᱤᱨᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱡᱮᱞᱟ''' [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱸᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱮᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱵᱤᱨᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱸᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱵᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱸᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱒᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱚᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ]], ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱥᱟᱢᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱚᱞ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱩᱨᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ==ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟᱠᱚ== '''ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱᱠᱚ''' # ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱯᱚᱞᱟᱥᱵᱟᱲᱤ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱯᱟᱞᱴᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱥᱩᱡᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱱᱤᱡᱽᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱢᱢᱚᱫᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱱᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱥᱟᱛᱚᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱢᱚᱨᱤᱪᱟ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ # ᱜᱚᱞᱟᱯᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ (ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫᱽ) ==ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱥᱥᱚ ᱺ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱨᱚᱧᱡᱚᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱜᱚᱜᱟᱞ *ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱺ ᱟᱢᱤᱱᱩᱞ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ *ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱺ ᱢᱚᱥᱟᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱽᱞᱩ ==ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ== ᱦᱩᱲᱩ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ, ᱯᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱛ ᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ== *[[ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱸᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== ==ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱟᱛ== <references/> {{Dinajpur District}} {{Upazilas of Rangpur Division}} [[Category:Upazilas of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh]] {{Rangpur-geo-stub}} ge6cft2uoh8vu05pc563cket4vpzou0 10 6497 198829 81373 2026-10-03T10:16:06Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 wrapped the translated text 198829 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#if:{{{sortable|}}} |<span style="display:none;">{{{1|}}}</span> }}{{#if:{{{i|}}} |<nowiki/>'' }}{{#switch:{{{literal|}}} |no|off = ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ |yes|on = {{Abbr|ᱟᱲ. ᱛᱚᱨ.|ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ}} |abbr |#default = {{Abbr|ᱛᱚᱨ.|ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ}} }}{{#if:{{{i|}}} |''<nowiki/> }}{{#if:{{{1|}}} |<span>&thinsp;{{{1}}}</span> }}{{#if:{{{2|}}} |&nbsp;– transl.<span>&thinsp;{{{2}}}</span> }}<noinclude> {{Documentation}} </noinclude> d925um2ohk21fbs3osh669kalodl09y 0 13495 198809 128784 2026-10-03T03:03:36Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198809 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox website | name = Upwork Global Inc. | logo = [[File:Upwork-logo.svg|250px|Upwork logo]] | company_type = [[Public company|Public]] | traded_as = {{NASDAQ|UPWK}}<br>[[Russell 2000 Index]] component | industry = [[Freelance marketplace]] | predecessor = Elance-oDesk <br>Elance <br>oDesk | founded = 1999 (as Elance)<br>2003 (as oDesk)<br>2013 (as Elance-oDesk)<br>2015 (as Upwork) | author = Beerud Sheth<br>Srini Anumolu<br>Sanjay Noronha | headquarters = [[Santa Clara, California]], [[United States|U.S.]] | area_served = Worldwide | alexa = {{Decrease}} 443 ({{as of|2020|02|19}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web |url= https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/upwork.com |publisher= [[Alexa Internet]] |title= Upwork.com Traffic, Demographics and Competitors - Alexa |accessdate= 2019-03-19 |archive-date= 2019-07-15 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190715132539/https://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/upwork.com |url-status= dead }}</ref> | key_people = Hayden Brown ([[CEO]])<br>Thomas Layton ([[Chairman]]) | num_employees = 500 | revenue ={{Increase}} $301 Million(2019)<ref>https://www.macrotrends.net/stocks/charts/UPWK/upwork/revenue {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |registration = Required | url = {{URL|https://www.upwork.com/|upwork.com}} }} '''ᱟᱯ ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ''' (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ) '''ᱚᱰᱮᱥᱠᱚ''' ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱤᱜᱟᱹ (ᱠᱩᱨᱢᱤ) ᱪᱩᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱪᱩᱠᱚ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱛᱟᱹ ᱚᱰᱮᱥᱠᱚ (ᱨᱮᱰ ᱩᱰ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ, ᱥᱤ ᱮ) ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱜᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱥᱟᱭᱤ ᱴᱷᱤᱠᱟᱮᱟᱨ ᱚᱰᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱞᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱨᱟᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱱᱞᱟᱠᱤᱥ᱾ ==ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ== ᱟᱯ ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (ᱪᱟᱹᱠᱨᱤ) ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱟ ᱑ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱞᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚᱨᱮ ᱔ ᱞᱟᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱥᱜ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱥᱵᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱴᱟ (ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱤᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱯ ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱥᱚᱥᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤᱱ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱥᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ==ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ== ᱟᱯ ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱭᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱩᱭᱟ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱚᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱞᱤᱠ ᱠᱨᱤᱴ ᱚᱯᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱚᱯᱴᱟᱨ-ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚᱭ ᱥᱚᱫ ᱠᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ''ᱱᱳ ᱰᱮᱥᱠ) ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱜᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱣᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ===ᱟᱯ ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ=== ==ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ== ᱟᱯ ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱡᱚᱫᱤᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱩᱜᱮ ᱟᱯ ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱥᱜ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱥᱮᱱ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ᱾ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ==ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱞᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱟ== ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱞᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱤᱣᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱥᱩᱫᱩ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱤᱭᱩᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ''upwork teem'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱥᱜ ᱚᱰᱟᱨᱠᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱞᱟᱱᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱠᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱮᱥᱠᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱴ, ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱢᱚ, ᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱭᱮᱞᱠᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱤᱛᱨᱟᱹ (ᱪᱷᱚᱵᱤ) ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱞᱟ᱾ ᱚᱭᱮᱞᱠᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱵᱷᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ==ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱞᱚᱪᱚᱱᱟ== ᱚᱱ-ᱞᱟᱛᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱚᱯᱴᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ-ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱰ (ᱚᱭᱟᱨᱠ ᱰᱟᱭᱮᱨᱤ) ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾ ==ᱥᱟ.ᱠᱷᱭᱟ.ᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} g54255kj7bs1m51pvxvzttseb07smfw 0 16139 198807 182153 2026-10-03T02:44:26Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198807 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language family | name = ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ | altname = {{lang|syc|ܐܪܡܝܐ}}, {{lang|tmr|ארמיא}}, {{lang|arc|𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀}}<br />''Arāmāyā'' | region = [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱮᱵᱷᱟᱱᱴ]], [[:en:Fertile Crescent|Fertile Crescent]], [[Pre-Islamic Arabia#North Arabian kingdoms|ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]] | familycolor = Afro-Asiatic | fam1 = [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ]] | fam2 = [[ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ]] | fam3 = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ]] | fam4 = [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ]] | fam5 = [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮᱼᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ]] | ancestor = {{plainlist| *[[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] (᱙᱐᱐–᱗᱐᱐ BC) *[[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ]]}} | child1 = [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] | child2 = [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ]] | lingua = 12-AAA | iso2 = arc | glotto = aram1259 | glottorefname = Aramaic | glottoname = | notes = }} [[File:Aramaic written using Syriac letters (ܐܪܡܝܐ).svg|thumb|''Arāmāyā'' in Syriac Esṭrangelā script]] [[File:Aramaic alphabet.svg|thumb|[[:en:Aramaic alphabet|ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱠᱼᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]]]] '''ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ''' ([[:en:Syriac alphabet|ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟᱠ]]: ܐܪܡܝܐ ''ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱟ''; [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ]]: 𐤀𐤓𐤌𐤉𐤀; [[:en:Aramaic alphabet|ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ]]: 𐡀𐡓𐡌𐡉𐡀; [[ᱦᱤᱵᱽᱨᱩ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]]: אַרָמָיָא) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ|ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ [[ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ (ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ)|ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟᱼᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤᱠᱚ]] ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾{{sfn|Sokoloff|1983|p=}}{{sfn|Beyer|1986|p=}}{{sfn|Lipiński|2000|p=}}{{sfn|Creason|2008|p=108-144}}{{sfn|Gzella|2015|p=}} ==ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ== ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱪᱷᱮᱨ== ==ᱚᱞ ᱛᱚᱦᱚᱨ== ==ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ== ==ᱛᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ== ==ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ== ==ᱨᱚᱱᱚᱲ== ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{InterWiki|code=arc|language=Syriac}} {{Incubator|code=aii|language=Assyrian Neo-Aramaic}} {{Incubator|code=tru|language=Turoyo}} {{Incubator|code=tmr|language=Jewish Babylonian Aramaic}} {{Commons category|ᱟᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ}} * [https://www.atour.com/dictionary/ '''Aramaic Dictionary''']: Search the online dictionary using English or Aramaic words. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20061013182203/http://www.v-a.com/bible/ancient_aramaic_audio_files.html Ancient Aramaic Audio Files]: Contains audio recordings of scripture. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210724103332/http://aramaicdesigns.rogueleaf.com/ Aramaic Designs]: Website offering various designs based on historical Aramaic scripts. * [http://lishana.org/academy/ Lishana Online Academy]: The first online academy on Spanish network to learn Aramaic in several dialects. For Spanish and Portuguese speakers. * [https://www.atour.com/people/20011106a.html Preservation and Advancement of the Aramaic Language in the Internet Age by Paul D. Younan] * [http://cal.huc.edu/aramaic_language.html Aramaic Language]: "Christians in Palestine eventually rendered portions of Christian Scripture into their dialect of Aramaic; these translations and related writings constitute 'Christian Palestinian Aramaic'. A much larger body of Christian Aramaic is known as Syriac. Indeed, Syriac writings surpass in quantity all other Aramaic combined." * [http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v14n1/e8.pdf The Aramaic Language and Its Classification – Efrem Yildiz, Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080909222746/http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v14n1/e8.pdf |date=2008-09-09 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071028162307/http://www.aramaicpeshitta.com/ Aramaic Peshitta Bible Repository]: Many free Syriac Aramaic language research tools and the Syriac [[Peshitta]] Bible. * [http://cal.huc.edu/index.html Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon] (including editions of [[Targum]]s) at the Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090419223729/http://www.tyndalearchive.com/tabs/jastrow/ Dictionary of Judeo-Aramaic] * [http://www.jewish-languages.org/jewish-aramaic.html Jewish Language Research Website: Jewish Aramaic] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080511235552/http://www.jewish-languages.org/jewish-aramaic.html |date=2008-05-11 }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130518214139/http://meti.byu.edu/Brock_Introduction.pdf "An Introduction to Syriac Studies" by Sebastian Brock]. Reproduced, with permission, from J. H. Eaton, ed., ''Horizons in Semitic Studies: Articles for the Student'' (Semitics Study Aids 8; Birmingham: Dept. of Theology, [[University of Birmingham]], 1980), pp.&nbsp;1–33. * [https://www.omniglot.com/writing/aramaic.htm Omniglot written Aramaic/Proto-Hebrew outline] * [https://learnaramaic.blogspot.com Learn Aramaic for the absolute beginner] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200124115848/http://learnaramaic.blogspot.com/ |date=2020-01-24 }} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱳᱼᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱮᱢᱤᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} 1s501s7rnrfezaa8nyswpfhoiu619jy 0 17193 198823 101673 2026-10-03T06:31:39Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198823 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:World map of share of people who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine by country.png|thumb|upright=1.2|ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱰᱳᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] [[File:COVID-19 vaccine map.svg|thumb|upright=1.2|Map of countries by approval status {{legend|Green|Approved for general use, mass vaccination underway}} {{legend|SpringGreen|[[:w:Emergency Use Authorization|{{abbr|EUA|emergency use authorization}}]] (or equivalent) granted, mass vaccination underway}} {{legend|DarkOrange|EUA granted, limited vaccination}} {{legend|Blue|Approved for general use, mass vaccination planned}} {{legend|DodgerBlue|EUA granted, mass vaccination planned}} {{legend|Gold|EUA pending}} {{legend|LightGrey|No data available}}]] '''ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱒]] (ᱥᱟᱨᱥ-ᱠᱳᱵᱷ-᱒) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱠᱷᱟ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙]] (ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ|ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]] ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[:en:Severe acute respiratory syndrome|ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]] (ᱥᱟᱨᱥ) ᱟᱨ [[:en:Middle East respiratory syndrome|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱤᱨᱮᱴᱳᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ]] (ᱢᱟᱨᱥ) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱹᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱨᱥ-ᱠᱳᱵᱷ-᱒ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱾ ᱑᱐ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱤ.ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱮ.ᱟᱭ.ᱰᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱨᱥ-ᱠᱳᱵᱷ-᱒ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱥᱤᱠᱳᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱰᱮᱴᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|vauthors=Padilla TB|date=24 February 2021|title=No one is safe unless everyone is safe|work=BusinessWorld|url=https://www.bworldonline.com/no-one-is-safe-unless-everyone-is-safe/|access-date=24 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210223165007/https://www.bworldonline.com/no-one-is-safe-unless-everyone-is-safe/|archive-date=23 February 2021|url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web ||url=https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/danvergano/mrna-covid-vaccine-success |title=COVID-19 Vaccines Work Way Better Than We Had Ever Expected. Scientists Are Still Figuring Out Why. |date=5 June 2021 |last=Vergano |first=Dan |website=[[BuzzFeed News]] |access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref> ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ== ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱼᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱬᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ''[[:en:Avian coronavirus|ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱮᱠᱥᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱵᱽᱨᱳᱝᱠᱟᱭᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]]'', ''[[:en:Canine coronavirus|ᱠᱮᱱᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[:en:Feline coronavirus|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾[[:en:Coronaviridae|ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱤᱨᱤᱰᱤ]] ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[:en:Severe acute respiratory syndrome|ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱭᱚᱱᱟᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱳᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]] (ᱥᱟᱨᱥ) ᱟᱨ [[:en:Middle East respiratory syndrome|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱥᱯᱤᱨᱮᱴᱳᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱱᱰᱨᱳᱢ]] (ᱢᱟᱨᱥ)ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱥ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ (ᱰᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮ) ᱴᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ (ᱴᱮᱥᱴ) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱰᱮᱱᱳᱵᱷᱥᱭᱨᱟᱞ-ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱳᱨᱰ ᱜᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ (ChAdOx1-MERS, BVRS-GamVac) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ [[:en:Modified vaccinia Ankara|ᱮᱢ.ᱵᱷᱤ.ᱮ]] ᱜᱮᱢᱮᱨ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ== ==᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ== ==ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱱ (ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ)== ==ᱵᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ (ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ)== ==ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ== ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱠᱳᱵᱷᱤᱰ-᱑᱙ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== 05rke93owsxxkjpnum8hz24mv2lw2k5 0 19064 198806 152850 2026-10-03T02:14:03Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198806 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | image_skyline = Akola Fort.png | image_caption = ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱟ | nicknames = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟᱜᱮᱥᱣᱚᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱤ | Named for = | pushpin_map = India | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱥᱤᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|20.7|N|77.00|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_type3 = ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ | subdivision_name1 = [[File:Seal of Maharashtra.svg|23px]] [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_name3 = [[ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ]] | established_title = ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ | established_date = 18th century | founder = | named_for = ᱟᱥᱚᱞᱥᱤᱝ | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ | governing_body = [[ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ]] | leader_title1 = ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ |leader_name1 = ᱟᱨᱪᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱱᱮ | area_footnotes = | area_total_km2 = 124 | area_rank = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_min_m = 287 | elevation_max_m = 324 | population_total = 537,149 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Akola, India Metro Area Population 1950-2021|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21156/akola/population|access-date=2021-09-30|website=www.macrotrends.net|archive-date=2021-10-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211024223406/https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21156/akola/population|url-status=dead}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | pop_est_as_of = | population_urban = | population_rank = | population_demonym = ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱚᱴᱤ, ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱮᱥᱤᱨ | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | demographics1_title1 = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱔᱔᱔᱐᱐᱑, ᱔᱔᱔᱐᱐᱒, ᱔᱔᱔᱐᱐᱓, ᱔᱔᱔᱐᱐᱔, ᱔᱔᱔᱐᱐᱕, ᱔᱔᱔᱐᱐᱖, ᱔᱔᱔᱐᱐᱗, ᱔᱔᱔᱑᱐᱔, ᱔᱔᱔᱑᱐᱙, ᱔᱔᱔᱓᱐᱒ | area_code = ᱐᱗᱒᱘ | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | registration_plate = MH-30 | blank1_name_sec1 = ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ | blank1_info_sec1 = ᱙᱒% | website = https://akola.gov.in/ | leader_title2 = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨ | leader_name2 = ᱠᱟᱵᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱣᱤᱣᱮᱰᱤ (IAS) | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | blank2_info_sec1 = ᱐.᱙᱖᱘ | blank3_name_sec2 = ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ | blank3_info_sec2 = <span style="color:green">High</span><ref>https://www.maharashtra.gov.in/Site/upload/WhatsNew/Economic%20Survey%20of%20Maharashtra...pdf</ref> | official_name = }} '''ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱕᱘᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱖᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱕᱐ (᱑᱖᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱨᱟᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱨᱱᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱮᱞᱡᱚᱝ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ, ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱯᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱜᱟᱰᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱢᱨᱟᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱮᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ [[ᱩᱨᱫᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱩᱨᱫᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱟ ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ== {{IndiaCensusPop |title=ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱜᱨᱚᱛᱷ |1981=225412 |1991=328043 |2001=400520 |2011=427146 |estimate= |estyear= |estref= |footnote=Source:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ<ref name="Mahapopulation">{{cite web|url=http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/ecoSurvey/ataglanc.pdf |title=Mahapopulation |website=Census of India |publisher=maharashtra.gov.in |language=mr |access-date=2008-06-04|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090303204222/http://www.maharashtra.gov.in/english/ecoSurvey/ataglanc.pdf |archive-date=3 March 2009 }}</ref> }} ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040616075334/http://www.censusindia.net/results/town.php?stad=A&state5=999|archive-date=2004-06-16|title= Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)|access-date=2008-11-01|publisher= Census Commission of India}}</ref> ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱒᱗,᱑᱔᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱙ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱓᱗,᱑᱓᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ ᱒᱐.᱗°ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱝᱜᱤᱴᱭᱩᱰ ᱗᱗.᱐᱗°ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱙᱒᱕ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ (᱒᱘᱗ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱐᱓᱖ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ (᱓᱑᱖ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ== === ᱱᱚᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ === ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱝᱚ ᱑᱒᱔ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔᱘ ᱜᱟᱺᱴ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ===ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ=== ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ (ᱥᱤᱭᱳᱱᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) (IATA: AKD, ICAO: VAAK) ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱢᱮᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐᱔ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱙᱙᱙ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ) ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱔.᱓ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ (᱒᱓᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱔᱐ ᱢᱤᱞ)) ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱫᱮᱲ ᱫᱚ (᱒᱐᱗ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱒᱘ ᱢᱤᱞ)) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ=== [[File:NH6atAkola.jpg|220px|right|thumb|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱖ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾]] ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱡᱤᱨᱟ ([[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱛ]]) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱔᱖ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱖᱑ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱫᱮᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨᱮᱰᱰᱤ (ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ) ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮᱞ ᱖᱘ ᱟᱨ ᱖᱙ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨᱯᱟᱞᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱔, ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐: ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟᱼᱟᱢᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=अकोला जिल्हा शासकीय संकेत स्थळ|url=http://akola.nic.in|access-date=2017-11-05|website=akola.nic.in}}</ref> ᱟᱠᱚᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱜᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ MH-30 ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Commons category|ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ}} * {{Official website|http://akola.nic.in/ }} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120426061802/http://bharatkrushaksamajmah.org/team.html Bharat Krushak Samaj] {{Geographic Location |Centre = ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ |North = [[ᱟᱠᱳᱛ]] |Northeast = [[ᱫᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱯᱩᱨ]], [[ᱟᱢᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] |East = [[ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤᱡᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] |Southeast = [[ᱵᱚᱨᱥᱤᱛᱚᱠᱞᱤ]] |South = [[ᱯᱟᱛᱩᱨ]] |Southwest = |West = [[ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ, ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] |Northwest = [[ᱛᱮᱞᱦᱟᱨᱟ]], [[ᱥᱮᱜᱟᱶ]] }} {{ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ| ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱠᱳᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱠ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] r6t5tmub5lldts6qwmnw4tzoohc7fec 0 19065 198825 129105 2026-10-03T07:36:23Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ | settlement_type = ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | official_name = <!-- Please do not add any Indic script in this infobox, per WP:INDICSCRIPT policy. --> | image_skyline = Jalgaon Municipal Corporation.jpg | caption = ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ | other_name = | image_alt = | nickname = ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ | map_alt = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ | coordinates = {{coord|20.997984|N|75.566711|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flagu|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] | subdivision_type2 = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ]] | subdivision_type3 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name3 = [[ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ]] | established_title = | established_date = ᱑᱙᱖᱐ | founder = | named_for = | governing_body = ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ | leader_title = | leader_title2 = ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ | leader_name2 = ᱡᱚᱭᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱡᱚᱱ ([[ᱥᱤᱵᱽᱥᱮᱱᱟ]]) | government_type = ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 68.78 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 216 | population_total = 460,228 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_density_km2 = auto | population_rank = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]: ᱙᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ<br/>[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]]: [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ|᱑᱗ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ]] | population_demonym = ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶᱠᱟᱨ | population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jalgaon, India Metro Area Population 1950-2021|url=https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21282/jalgaon/population|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.macrotrends.net|archive-date=2021-10-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028072933/https://www.macrotrends.net/cities/21282/jalgaon/population|url-status=dead}}</ref> | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ | demographics1_title1 = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱒᱕᱗ | registration_plate = MH-19 | blank4_name_sec1 = ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱨ | blank4_info_sec1 = ᱗᱗.᱒᱒% | website = {{URL|www.jalgaon.nic.in}} | footnotes = | length_km = 17.4 | width_km = 14.3 | area_note = <ref>{{Cite web|title=Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation|url=http://www.jcmc.gov.in/english/|access-date=2021-09-26|website=www.jcmc.gov.in|archive-date=2021-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210926151214/http://www.jcmc.gov.in/english/|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} '''ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ''' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ" ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱼᱯᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldStory/49165/ |title=Banana republic Jalgaon bears fruit |work=The Indian Express|date=18 June 2004 |access-date=3 January 2011}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱴᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒᱕ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱨᱱᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱐᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=EB1911>{{cite EB1911 |wstitle=Khandesh, East and West |volume=15 |page=771}}</ref> ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱯᱟᱞᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱫᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ}} {{ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱞᱜᱟᱶ ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱩᱠ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] trl2axo6f0as3y6gsbgn0xbw7ethkrs 0 21155 198805 198508 2026-10-03T01:09:50Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198805 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox station | name = ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ | native_name = <hr/>ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱚᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | native_name_lang = | type = [[File:Indian_Railways_Suburban_Railway_Logo.svg|30px]] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]], [[ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱵᱟᱸᱠᱤ–ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ–ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | other_name = ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ NER | style = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ | image = Lucknow Junction.jpg | image_caption = | address = [[ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ]], [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]], [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱒᱒᱖᱐᱐᱔ | country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | coordinates = {{Coord|26.832|N|80.919|E|type:railwaystation_region:IN|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | elevation = {{convert|126|m|ft}} | line = {{bulleted list |ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ–ᱥᱤᱛᱟᱯᱩᱨ–ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱤᱢᱯᱩᱨ–ᱯᱤᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱛ–ᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤ–ᱠᱟᱥᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ |[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ–ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] |ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ–ᱜᱳᱨᱚᱠᱷᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ |ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ (ᱠᱟᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ) |ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ (ᱟᱞᱟᱢᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ) |ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱬᱟᱥᱤ |ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ |ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ-ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ }} | other = | structure = ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱚᱱ-ᱜᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | platform = ᱖+᱙(ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱮᱱ.ᱟᱨ.) Total =᱑᱕ | depth = | levels = | tracks = ᱘+᱒᱖ | parking = ᱦᱚᱭ | bicycle = ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ | opened = ᱑᱙᱑᱔ | closed = | rebuilt = | electrified = ᱦᱚᱭ | ADA = {{Access icon|20px}} | code = LJN | owned = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ | operator = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | zone = [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] | former = [[ᱚᱣᱟᱫᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] / [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ]] | passengers = | pass_year = | pass_percent = | mapframe = | pass_system = | mpassengers = | map_type = India | map_dot_label = ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | map_size = 300 | map_caption = ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ }} '''ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ''' ( '''ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱮᱱᱤᱟᱨ''', ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱰ: '''LJN''') ᱫᱚ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ (᱑᱖᱗᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱵᱨᱚᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱠᱷᱟᱡᱽᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱕᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱞ/ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucknow Junction railway station |url=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucknow_Junction_railway_station |website=Wikipedia}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[File:Old_Station.jpg|center|thumb|500x500px]] ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱣᱟᱫᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Lucknow Junction Railway Station (LJN) |url=https://erail.in/info/lucknow-ne-railway-station-LJN/24236 |access-date=9 June 2026 |website=eRail.in}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ '''"ᱪᱷᱳᱴᱤ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ"''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |date=8 March 2026 |title=A century on track: 'Chhoti line' celebrates its steam-era past |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/a-century-on-track-chhoti-line-celebrates-its-steam-era-past-101772911681041.html |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱢ-ᱮᱨᱟ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |date=14 March 2026 |title=Lucknow Junction's 100-year celebrations highlight its railway heritage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/hogwarts-at-chhoti-line-lucknow-junctions-100-year-bash-blends-cinema-railway-roots/articleshow/129571352.cms |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=The Times of India}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=North Eastern Railway |url=https://ner.indianrailways.gov.in/ |access-date=9 June 2026 |publisher=Indian Railways |archive-date=24 April 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250424145739/https://ner.indianrailways.gov.in/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱟᱨᱢᱤᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ== [[File:Steam_Eng.jpg|thumb|ᱟᱭᱨᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱱᱟᱨᱳ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ (ᱥᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱷᱱᱮᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱤᱟᱨᱮᱢ/ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟ, '''ᱥᱨᱤ ᱩᱫᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱨᱣᱟᱱᱠᱮᱨ ᱡᱤᱮᱢ, ᱥᱨᱤ ᱜᱚᱨᱵᱷ ᱟᱜᱟᱨᱣᱟᱞ ᱰᱤᱟᱨᱮᱢ, ᱮᱢᱮᱥ. ᱱᱤᱛᱩ ᱮᱰᱤᱟᱨᱮᱢ/ᱳᱯᱤ)'''|400x400px|none]] ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱥᱟᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱟᱥᱟᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |date=8 March 2026 |title=A century on track: 'Chhoti line' celebrates its steam-era past |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cities/lucknow-news/a-century-on-track-chhoti-line-celebrates-its-steam-era-past-101772911681041.html |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱴᱚ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱴᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱮᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴ, ᱢᱮᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱢᱟᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱨᱟᱣᱟᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱢ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |date=14 March 2026 |title=Lucknow Junction's 100-year celebrations highlight its railway heritage |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/lucknow/hogwarts-at-chhoti-line-lucknow-junctions-100-year-bash-blends-cinema-railway-roots/articleshow/129571352.cms |access-date=9 June 2026 |work=The Times of India}}</ref> ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ== *[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱪᱟᱨᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] *[[ᱮᱥᱵᱟᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Commons|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}} {{ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ ᱮᱱ.ᱤ.ᱟᱨ. ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] 5a4dbr1lvi9rpq45clm2bvedenfx8ak 0 24845 198835 127681 2026-10-03T11:54:41Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198835 wikitext text/x-wiki [[ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], '''ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱤᱵᱳᱞᱤ''', ᱥᱮ '''ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱠᱤ''', ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱱᱫᱳᱼᱟᱨᱡᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ '''ᱥᱟᱱᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ''' ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱟ ᱾ {{Short description|Endangered Indo-Aryan language of India}} {{Use dmy dates|date=May 2022}} {{Use Indian English|date=May 2022}} {{Infobox language |name=Sansi |nativename=پابندیاں , प्रतिबंध |states=[[India]], [[Pakistan]] |region=[[Rajasthan]] |ethnicity=[[Sansi people|Sansi]] |speakers={{sigfig|77,200|1}}<!--data supports 1 sig fig--> |date=2000–2002 |ref=e18 |familycolor=Indo-European |fam2=[[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]] |fam3=[[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]] |fam4=[[Central Indo-Aryan languages|Central Zone]] |fam5=Western Hindi |lc1=ssi|ld1=Sansi |lc2=kbu|ld2=Kabutra |script = [[Devanagari]], [[Perso-Arabic]] |glotto=sans1271 |glottoname=Sansi |glotto2=kabu1254 |glottoname2=Kabutra }} Ethnologue ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] (ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱧᱮᱞᱟ ᱾<ref name=e18/> ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Language in India: Endangered Language: A Case Study of Sansiboli |url=http://www.languageinindia.com/dec2002/sansi.html |access-date=2 October 2023 |archive-date=27 October 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181027074406/http://www.languageinindia.com/dec2002/sansi.html |url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱜᱞᱳᱴᱞᱳᱜᱽ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱩᱴᱨᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == chh6bnszinis5rwsqlqi1gdk4jmv3wo 0 25310 198804 192960 2026-10-03T00:45:17Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198804 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|Indian field hockey player (born 1995)}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}} {{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}} {{Infobox field hockey player | name = ᱜᱩᱨᱡᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ | image = Gurjant Singh.jpg | image_size = | alt = | caption =Singh in August 2022 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1995|1|26}}<ref name="Gurjant Singh ">{{Cite web |url=http://hockeyindia.org/team/gurjant-singh.html |title=Gurjant Singh |publisher=Hockey India |access-date=17 December 2016 |archive-date=26 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170126175342/http://hockeyindia.org/team/gurjant-singh.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> | birth_place = [[Amritsar]], [[Punjab, India|Punjab]], India<ref name="The team’s big match player">{{Cite web |url=http://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/sports/others/The-teams-big-match-player/articleshow/55567200.cms |title=The team's big match player |publisher=Bangalore Mirror |publication-date=23 November 2016 |access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref> | height = 1.83 m | weight = | position = Forward | currentclub = ONGC | clubs1 = [[Dabang Mumbai]] | years1 = | caps1 = | goals1 = | clubs2 = ONGC | years2 = | caps2 = | goals2 = | nationalyears1 = 2015–2016 | nationalteam1 = [[India men's national under-21 field hockey team|India U21]] | nationalcaps1 = 11 | nationalgoals1 = 7 | nationalteam2 = [[India men's national field hockey team|India]] | nationalyears2 = 2017– | nationalcaps2 = 98 | nationalgoals2 = 26 | medaltemplates = {{MedalSport|Men’s [[field hockey]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} {{MedalOlympic}} {{MedalBronze|[[2020 Summer Olympics|2020 Tokyo]]|[[Field hockey at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Men's tournament|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Field hockey at the Asian Games|Asian Games]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2022 Asian Games|2022 Hangzhou]]|[[Field hockey at the 2022 Asian Games – Men's tournament|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Men's Hockey Asia Cup|Asia Cup]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2017 Men's Hockey Asia Cup|2017 Dhaka]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Asian Hockey Champions Trophy|Asian Champions Trophy]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2018 Asian Men's Hockey Champions Trophy|2018 Muscat]]|}} {{MedalGold|[[2023 Men's Asian Champions Trophy|2023 Chennai]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey at the Commonwealth Games|Commonwealth Games]]}} {{MedalSilver|[[2022 Commonwealth Games|2022 Birmingham]]|[[Hockey at the 2022 Commonwealth Games – Men's tournament|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Men's FIH Hockey World League|Hockey World League]]}} {{MedalBronze|[[2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League|2016–17 Bhubaneswar]]|[[2016–17 Men's FIH Hockey World League Final|Team]]}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Junior World Cup|Junior World Cup]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2016 Men's Hockey Junior World Cup|2016 Lucknow]]|}} {{MedalCompetition|[[Hockey Junior Asia Cup|Junior Asia Cup]]}} {{MedalGold|[[2015 Men's Hockey Junior Asia Cup|2015 Kuantan]]|}} }} '''ᱜᱩᱨᱡᱚᱱᱛ ᱥᱤᱝ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱑᱙᱙᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱦᱚᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="Gurjant Singh is chasing dreams on the hockey turf">{{Cite news |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/sports/hockey/chasing-dreams-on-the-hockey-turf/ |title=Gurjant Singh is chasing dreams on the hockey turf |publisher=The Indian Express |publication-date=25 December 2015 |access-date=17 December 2016}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="IND">{{Cite web |url=http://fih.ch/events/hockey-junior-world-cup/uttar-pradesh-mens-hockey-junior-world-cup-2016/teams/?teamId=3399 |title=IND |publisher=FIH |access-date=16 December 2016}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ]] ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ-ᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Asian Games Results |url=https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/hockey/result-men-fnl-000200-.htm |access-date=6 October 2023 |website=2022 Asian Games, Hangzhou |archive-date=8 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231008232508/https://info.hangzhou2022.cn/en/results/hockey/result-men-fnl-000200-.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == *[https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/gurjant-singh-profile-1342 Gurjant Singh] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510033211/https://www.hockeyindia.org/players/gurjant-singh-profile-1342 |date=10 May 2023 }} at [[Hockey India]] iw946rgdn8femv5gn5yqw4o2c0yjr1f 0 30447 198832 167892 2026-10-03T11:08:26Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198832 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ | image = | nationality = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]ᱤᱭᱟᱹ | occupation = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ | party = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] | office = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ | president = {{unbulleted list|[[ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱱᱚᱰᱰᱟ|ᱡᱮ. ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱚᱰᱰᱟ]]}} | term_start = ᱒᱙ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ | term_end = | office1 = ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | constituency1 =[[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]] | predecessor1 = [[ᱵᱷᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱽᱰᱮ]] | term_start1 = ᱓ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ | term_end1 = ᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ | successor1 = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯ ᱥᱤᱝ (ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ)|ᱫᱮᱵᱮᱱᱫᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱟᱯ ᱥᱤᱝ]] | office2 = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ]] | president2 = {{unbulleted list|[[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]]|[[ᱡᱚᱜᱚᱛ ᱯᱨᱚᱠᱟᱥ ᱱᱚᱰᱰᱟ|ᱡᱮ. ᱯᱤ. ᱱᱚᱰᱰᱟ]]}} | term_start2 = ᱑᱖ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ | term_end2 = ᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ | office3 = ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱯᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱤᱞᱟ ᱢᱳᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ | predecessor3 = [[ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ]] | successor3 = ᱵᱤᱡᱟᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱛᱠᱟᱨ | term_start3 = ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ | term_end3 = ᱒᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ | office4 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | term_start4 = ᱑᱖ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ | term_end4 = ᱑᱖ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ | predecessor4 = [[ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱦᱩ]] | successor4 = [[ᱛᱟᱢᱨᱚᱫᱷᱣᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱦᱩ]] | constituency4 = [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ]] | office5 = [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ | term_start5 = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ | term_end5 = ᱓᱐ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ | predecessor5 = ''ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ'' | successor5 = ᱵᱷᱚᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱝ | constituency5 = [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ|ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ]] | office6 = [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ|ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱱᱤᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ | term_start6 = ᱒᱐᱐᱐ | term_end6 = ᱒᱐᱑᱐ | predecessor6 = | successor6 = | website = [http://www.sarojpandey.net Official Website] | alma_mater = ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱤᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, [[ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱥᱚᱝᱠᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱠᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] <br /> ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱥᱥᱤ. (ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ) | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1968|6|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱟᱭ]], [[ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] }} '''ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱒ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱖᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Third assembly |url=http://cgvidhansabha.gov.in/hindi_new/satra/third_assembly/3RD_ASSEMBLY.pdf |website=cgvidhansabha.gov.in |access-date=24 August 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.indopia.in/India-usa-uk-news/latest-news/591609/Delhi/1/20/1|title=CPI welcomes cheap rice scheme|date=5 June 2009|publisher=Indopia|access-date=23 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102003805/http://www.indopia.in/India-usa-uk-news/latest-news/591609/Delhi/1/20/1|archive-date=2 January 2019|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱭᱟᱢᱡᱤ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱞᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱨᱚᱵᱤᱥᱚᱝᱠᱚᱨ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱨᱟᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ. (ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="profile-india.gov"/> ==ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱟᱞᱤ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱯᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ, ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱯᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱤᱞᱟ ᱢᱳᱨᱪᱟ (ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Sushree Saroj Pandey speech while taking charge as Mahila Morcha President: 24.04.2013 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVzYasmiJog |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/YVzYasmiJog |archive-date=2021-12-21 |url-status=live|website=YouTube | date=24 April 2013 |publisher=Bharatiya Janata Party |access-date=24 August 2020}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/19/stories/2008041960220400.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080423030401/http://www.hindu.com/2008/04/19/stories/2008041960220400.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=2008-04-23|title=Vijay Goel appointed BJP general secretary |date=April 2008|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 July 2009}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱝᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱢᱨᱚᱫᱷᱣᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱦᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱛᱥᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱱᱛᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ [[ᱠᱳᱨᱵᱟ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱳᱨᱵᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱔᱓,᱒᱘᱓ ᱵᱷᱚᱴ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>https://results.eci.gov.in/PcResultGenJune2024/candidateswise-S264.htm {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref><ref name="mayor v four time winner">{{cite news|url=http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/10/stories/2009041056241300.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090416005210/http://www.hindu.com/2009/04/10/stories/2009041056241300.htm|url-status=dead|archive-date=16 April 2009|title=A mayor versus a four-time winner |date=10 April 2009|work=[[The Hindu]]|access-date=23 July 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.netapedia.in/neta.php?str=1534|title=Netapedia.in|website=www.netapedia.in|access-date=31 January 2020}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱯᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱤᱞᱟ ᱢᱳᱨᱪᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱮᱯᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |first1=Joseph |last1=John |date=23 March 2018 |title=Saroj Pandey: BJP's Saroj Pandey wins Rajya Sabha poll from Chhattisgarh|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/bjps-saroj-pandey-wins-rajya-sabha-poll-from-chhattisgarh/articleshow/63432402.cms |work=The Times of India |access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref> ==ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ== ᱥᱟᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱮᱢ.ᱮᱞ.ᱮ. ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱜᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱩᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱢᱠᱟ ᱵᱩᱠ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=September 2021}}<ref name="profile-india.gov"/> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱭᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱤᱠᱚᱨᱰ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="profile-india.gov">{{cite web|title=Detailed Profile: Km. Saroj Pandey|url=http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4360|publisher=Government of India|access-date=2 June 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524150014/http://www.archive.india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4360 |archive-date=24 May 2014}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *[http://india.gov.in/govt/loksabhampbiodata.php?mpcode=4360 Lok Sabha member biography - ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ] {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱯᱟᱱᱰᱮ, ᱥᱚᱨᱳᱡᱽ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱱᱛᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱩᱨᱜᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱭᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱘–᱒᱐᱑᱓]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱷᱚᱛᱛᱤᱥᱜᱚᱲ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ]] tw6uwi4acgfgpqulledm5krlgxmsop1 0 33304 198808 181892 2026-10-03T02:48:14Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198808 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox cricketer | name = ᱟᱨᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱭᱩᱵᱽ | image = <!-- Cricket_no_pic.png --> | birth_date = {{birth-date and age|2 August 1958}} | birth_place = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫ]], [[ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ | bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱵᱨᱮᱠ | columns = ᱒ | column1 = [[ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|ᱴᱮᱥᱴ]] | international = true | testdebutdate = ᱒᱕ ᱱᱚᱵᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ | testdebutyear = ᱑᱙᱘᱗ | testdebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ | testcap = ᱑᱗᱘ | lasttestdate = ᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ | lasttestyear = ᱑᱙᱘᱙ | lasttestagainst = ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ | odidebutdate = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ | odidebutyear = ᱑᱙᱘᱗ | odidebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ | odicap = ᱖᱒ | lastodidate = ᱘ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ | lastodiyear = ᱑᱙᱙᱐ | lastodiagainst = ᱥᱨᱤ ᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ | matches1 = ᱑᱓ | runs1 = ᱒᱕᱗ | bat avg1 = ᱑᱗.᱑᱓ | 100s/50s1 = ᱐/᱑ | top score1 = ᱕᱗ | deliveries1 = ᱓᱖᱖᱓ | wickets1 = ᱔᱑ | bowl avg1 = ᱓᱕.᱐᱗ | fivefor1 = ᱓ | tenfor1 = ᱐ | best bowling1 = ᱕/᱕᱐ | catches/stumpings1 = ᱒/– | column2 = [[ᱮᱠ ᱫᱤᱣᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ|ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭ]] | matches2 = ᱓᱒ | runs2 = ᱑᱑᱖ | bat avg2 = ᱑᱑.᱖᱐ | 100s/50s2 = ᱐/᱐ | top score2 = ᱓᱑[[ᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]] | deliveries2 = ᱑᱗᱖᱙ | wickets2 = ᱓᱑ | bowl avg2 = ᱓᱙.᱒᱒ | fivefor2 = ᱑ | tenfor2 = ᱐ | best bowling2 = ᱕/᱒᱑ | catches/stumpings2 = ᱕/– | date = ᱔ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ | year = ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | source = http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/26290.html ESPNcricinfo |medaltemplates=<!--MENTION HOST NATIONS FOR TEAM SPORTS--> {{MedalSport|ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]}} {{MedalCountry|{{IND}}}} {{MedalCompetition|[[ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ|ᱮᱥᱤᱥᱤ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ]]}} {{Medal|Winner|[[᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ|᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]]|}} }} '''ᱟᱨᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱭᱩᱵᱽ''' ({{audio|Arshad_Ayub.ogg|pronunciation}}, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱙᱕᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]ᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱑᱓ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱓᱒ ᱮᱠ ᱫᱤᱣᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱱᱛᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱣᱚ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ۔<ref>{{Cite news|agency=Press Trust of India|date=8 September 2014|title=Arshad Ayub becomes new HCA president|work=Business Standard India|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/arshad-ayub-becomes-new-hca-president-114090801297_1.html|access-date=2 July 2021}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[᱑᱙᱘᱘ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ]] ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫ]], [[ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱑᱙᱘᱗–᱘᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱵᱩᱭ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱪᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱤᱝᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱗᱖ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱯᱟᱪ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱨ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ‍᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/63466.html|title= Arshad Ayub's debut Test |publisher=ESPNcricinfo}}</ref> ==ᱟᱨᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ== ᱟᱨᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ AACA ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱘ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱵ ᱴᱮᱝᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱚᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫ ᱨᱟᱡᱚ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱑᱖ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱑᱙ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ, ᱒᱒ ᱵᱚᱪᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱᱡᱤ ᱴᱨᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱠᱚ<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.arshadayubacademy.com/ | title=Welcome to Arshad Ayub Cricket Academy | access-date=23 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517011657/http://arshadayubacademy.com/ | archive-date=17 May 2014 | url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱟᱨᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱥᱠᱩᱞ, ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ,<ref>{{cite web |title=All Saints' High School – A Representative of Virtues and Truth |url=https://yellowslate.com/blog/all-saints-high-school-a-representative-of-virtues-and-truth/amp |website=Yellow Slate |date=31 August 2018 |access-date=10 December 2022 |archive-date=10 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221210055050/https://yellowslate.com/blog/all-saints-high-school-a-representative-of-virtues-and-truth/amp |url-status=dead}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{reflist}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== * {{cricinfo|id=26290}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160828150318/http://www.thatscricket.com/india/players/arshad-ayub.html That's page on Arshad Ayub] p3nze3iqdof22jo3x7qzlx462kkq0bb 0 34219 198830 185611 2026-10-03T10:38:17Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198830 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 16em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;" |ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱟᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;" | <span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"> tɬʼ |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;" | <span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"> ƛʼ |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above"|[[ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ|X-SAMPA]]: <code>tK_></code> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;" |ᱚᱰᱤᱭᱚ |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above"|[[File:Alveolar lateral ejective affricate.ogg]] |- |} ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱨᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [tɬʼ] ᱵᱟᱝᱠᱷᱟᱱ [ƛʼ]᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ᱾ ==ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ== {{ejective}} {{alveolar}} {{non-sibilant}} {{lateral}} {{affricate}} ==ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ== {|class="wikitable" !colspan="2"|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ !ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ![[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ|ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ.]] !ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ |- |rowspan="2"|ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱚᱞᱮᱢ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glottalized affricates in Hul'q'umi'num'. |url=https://sqwal.hwulmuhwqun.ca/learn/learning-the-sounds/glottalized-affricates-tth-ts-tl-ch/ |access-date=2025-12-31 |archive-date=2026-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209032148/https://sqwal.hwulmuhwqun.ca/learn/learning-the-sounds/glottalized-affricates-tth-ts-tl-ch/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> |ᱠᱚᱣᱤᱪᱟᱱ |{{font color|#590000|tl'}}ekw'uxun |rowspan="2"|[tɬʼekʷʼəxən] |rowspan="2"|ᱥᱱᱚᱣ ᱥᱟᱸᱠ |- |ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ |{{font color|#590000|ƛ̓}}ek̓ʷəxən |- |} == ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱮᱨᱮᱱᱥ == <references /> ==ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ== {{ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ/ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ}} bd7ibmkpzcm15mh89qfcaqkqpif7b9v 0 34311 198831 185829 2026-10-03T10:38:18Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198831 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="infobox" style="width: 16em;" ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;" |ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱟᱞᱵᱷᱤᱭᱳᱞᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;" | <span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"> t̪θʼ |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above"|[[ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ|X-SAMPA]]: <code>tT_></code> |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;" |ᱚᱰᱤᱭᱚ |- ! colspan="2" class="infobox-above"|[[File:Dental ejective affricate.ogg]] |- |} ᱤᱡᱮᱠᱴᱤᱵᱷ ᱰᱮᱱᱴᱟᱞ ᱱᱚᱱ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱨᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [t̪θʼ]᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟ᱾ ==ᱯᱷᱤᱪᱟᱨ== {{ejective}} {{dental}} {{non-sibilant}} {{affricate}} ==ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ== {|class="wikitable" !colspan="2"|ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ !ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ![[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ|ᱡ.ᱟ.ᱪ.]] !ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ |- |rowspan="2"|ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱚᱞᱮᱢ <ref>{{Cite web |title=Glottalized affricates in Hul'q'umi'num'. |url=https://sqwal.hwulmuhwqun.ca/learn/learning-the-sounds/glottalized-affricates-tth-ts-tl-ch/ |access-date=2026-01-04 |archive-date=2026-02-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260209032148/https://sqwal.hwulmuhwqun.ca/learn/learning-the-sounds/glottalized-affricates-tth-ts-tl-ch/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> |ᱠᱚᱣᱤᱪᱟᱱ |{{font color|#590000|tth'}}upsi'athun' |rowspan="2"|[t̪θʼəpsiʔaθən̰] |rowspan="2"|ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱣᱟ |- |ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ |{{font color|#590000|t̓ᶿ}}əpsiʔaθən̓ |- |} == ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱮᱨᱮᱱᱥ == <references /> ==ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ== {{ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱪᱤᱠᱤ/ᱜᱟᱛᱟᱠ}} 5rzvywkvnjukoe4cng6kb405q55t3pj 0 34858 198824 189817 2026-10-03T07:20:30Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198824 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist|name=ᱡᱚᱭ ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ|image=File:P20221213HF-0034 (52651400933) (cropped).jpg|caption=᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱠᱤ ᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱤᱣᱡᱤᱠ ᱯᱷᱮᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ|birth_name=Joy Oladokun|birth_date={{Birth date and age|1992|04|06}}|birth_place=ᱠᱟᱥᱟ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱰᱮ, ᱟᱨᱤᱡᱳᱱᱟ, ᱭᱩ.ᱮᱥ.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://madison.com/entertainment/music/joy-oladokun-sings-about-the-rage-of-what-it-takes-to-just-be-awake/article_b9a123d2-3af0-544b-b7d3-93bbbe96bf5f.html|title=Joy Oladokun sings about 'the rage of what it takes to just be awake'|last=Derby|first=Samara Kalk|website=[[Wisconsin State Journal]]|date=April 22, 2022|access-date=April 4, 2023}}</ref>|occupation={{hlist|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ}}|genre={{hlist|ᱯᱷᱳᱠ|ᱯᱚᱯ|ᱟᱨ.ᱮᱱᱰ.ᱵᱤ.}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thelineofbestfit.com/reviews/albums/joy-oladokun-in-defense-of-my-own-happiness-album-review|title=Joy Oladokun's eclectic pop reflections brim with judgement and aspiration|last=Hansen|first=Susan|website=The Line of Best Fit|date=August 7, 2020|accessdate=February 20, 2021}}</ref><ref name="Allaccess">{{cite web|url=https://music.allaccess.com/an-interview-with-joy-oladokun-on-her-debut-album-carry-her-favorite-artists-and-what-inspires-her-each-day/|title=An Interview With JOY OLADOKUN On Her Debut Album "Carry", Her Favorite Artists and What Inspires Her Each Day|website=All Access|date=May 5, 2016|accessdate=February 20, 2021|archive-date=January 18, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210118144832/https://music.allaccess.com/an-interview-with-joy-oladokun-on-her-debut-album-carry-her-favorite-artists-and-what-inspires-her-each-day/|url-status=dead}}</ref>|instruments={{hlist|ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ|ᱜᱤᱴᱟᱨ|ᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱳ}}|years_active=᱒᱐᱑᱕–ᱱᱤᱛ|label={{hlist|ᱟᱢᱤᱜᱚ|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱠᱟᱥᱴ|ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ<ref>{{cite web|url=https://music.apple.com/us/album/sorry-isnt-good-enough-single/1563329063|title=sorry isn't good enough - single by Joy Oladokun|website=Apple Music|access-date=April 30, 2021}}</ref>}}|website={{URL|joyoladokun.com}}}} '''ᱡᱚᱭ ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱖ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱒<ref>{{Cite web|last=Oladokun|first=Joy|date=September 15, 2021|title=How Singer-Songwriter Joy Oladokun Is Defending Her Own Happiness|url=https://wamu.org/story/21/09/15/how-singer-songwriter-joy-oladokun-is-defending-her-own-happiness/|access-date=2021-09-15|website=WAMU|language=en}}</ref>) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱳᱠ (folk), ᱯᱚᱯ (pop), ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ.ᱮᱱᱰ.ᱵᱤ. (R&B) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱤᱡᱳᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱥᱟ ᱜᱨᱟᱱᱰᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Brow|first=Jason|date=June 1, 2020|title=Joy Oladokun Finds Herself Connecting With A Greater Purpose On The Inspirational 'Mercy'|url=https://hollywoodlife.com/2020/06/18/joy-oladokun-mercy-new-song/|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=Hollywood Life|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Joy Oladokun 2011 Women's Tennis Roster {{!}} Hope International University Athletics|url=http://www.hiuroyals.com/roster/8/8/148|access-date=2020-11-16|website=www.hiuroyals.com|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=December 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱳᱼᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|last=Hight|first=Jewly|date=December 4, 2019|title=Mercy Bell And Joy Oladokun On Finding Their Voices, And Common Ground, Through Folk|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/world-cafe/2019/12/04/784380232/mercy-bell-and-joy-oladokun-on-finding-their-voices-and-common-ground-through-fo|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=[[NPR]]|language=en}}</ref> ᱴᱨᱮᱥᱤ ᱪᱟᱯᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=":0" /> == ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ == ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱭ ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱤ.ᱯᱤ, ''ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱮᱰᱨᱟᱞᱥ'' ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Allaccess"/> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ, ''ᱠᱮᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ [[:en:Kickstarter|ᱠᱤᱠᱥᱴᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱙ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Allaccess"/><ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Commander|first=Lowndes|date=July 1, 2020|title=On Happiness and Humanness: A Conversation With Joy Oladokun|url=http://atwoodmagazine.com/jodh-joy-oladokun-interview-2020-defense-of-my-own-happiness-vol-1/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=Atwood Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ "ᱥᱟᱱᱰᱮ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ 'Sunday' ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱭᱩᱛᱷ ᱜᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱠᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱭᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱭᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱾ ᱠᱩᱭᱮᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Ermac|first=Raffy|date=June 1, 2019|title=Joy Oladokun's New Track 'Sunday' Will Give You All the Feels|url=https://www.pride.com/music/2019/6/19/joy-oladokuns-new-track-sunday-will-give-you-all-feels|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=www.pride.com|language=en}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮ [[:en:LGBTQ_people|ᱮᱞᱡᱤᱵᱤᱴᱤᱠᱭᱩ]] ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱩᱭᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Daw|first=Stephen|date=June 2, 2019|title=Joy Oladokun Celebrates Both the Joy and Fear Of Coming Out in 'Sunday' Video: Watch|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/pride/8516826/joy-oladokun-sunday-video|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=July 24, 2020|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, [[:en:Black_Lives_Matter|ᱵᱞᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽᱥ ᱢᱮᱴᱚᱨ]] ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱩ ᱰᱩ ᱟᱭ ᱴᱚᱨᱱ ᱴᱩ ?" ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[:en:Natalie_Hemby|ᱱᱟᱴᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱢᱵᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mauch|first=Ally|date=June 5, 2020|title=Singer Joy Oladokun Releases Powerful Ballad 'Who Do I Turn To?' in Support of Black Lives Matter|url=https://people.com/music/singer-joy-oladokun-releases-powerful-ballad-amid-george-floyd-protests/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=[[PEOPLE.com]]|language=EN}}</ref> ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ "ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱤ" ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱱᱫᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱩᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ "ᱟᱭ ᱥᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ" ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ [[:en:Institutional_racism|ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱩᱣᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱡᱚᱢ]]ᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=June 2, 2020|title=A Look At Songs Inspired By The 2020 Protests For Racial Justice|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/06/27/884213562/a-look-at-songs-inspired-by-the-2020-protests-for-racial-justice|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=July 24, 2020|website=[[NPR]]|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Trageser|first=Stephen|date=2020-10-26|title=Joy Oladokun Issues a Firm, Gentle Call to Action in 'I See America'|url=https://www.nashvillescene.com/music/nashville-cream/article/21144121/joy-oladokun-issues-a-firm-gentle-call-to-action-in-i-see-america|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027061023/https://www.nashvillescene.com/music/nashville-cream/article/21144121/joy-oladokun-issues-a-firm-gentle-call-to-action-in-i-see-america|archive-date=2020-10-27|access-date=2020-10-29|website=Nashville Scene|language=en|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱮᱱᱯᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ "ᱟᱭ ᱥᱤ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ" ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 100 Best Songs Of 2020 (Nos. 80-61)|url=https://www.npr.org/2020/12/03/934634561/the-100-best-songs-of-2020-page-2|access-date=2020-12-04|website=NPR.org|date=December 3, 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ᱑᱗ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱵᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ, ''ᱤᱱ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯ ᱢᱟᱭ ᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱯᱤᱱᱮᱥ (ᱫᱟ ᱵᱤᱜᱤᱱᱤᱱᱥᱷ)'' ᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Daw|first=Stephen|date=2020-07-31|title=Joy Oladokun Found Happiness As a Queer Black Woman. Now It's Her 'Responsibility and Gift' To Share That Experience|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/pride/9427848/joy-oladokun-artist-of-the-month-profile|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-08-01|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> ''ᱵᱤᱞᱵᱳᱨᱰ'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ "ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Daw|first=Stephen|date=July 1, 2020|title=First Out: New Music From Troye Sivan, The Aces, Shamir & More|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/pride/9420373/new-music-troye-sivan-aces-shamir|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=July 24, 2020|magazine=Billboard}}</ref> ᱮᱴᱣᱩᱰ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱪ ᱢᱳᱥᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ "ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-12-21|title=Atwood Magazine's Top Artist Discoveries of 2020|url=http://atwoodmagazine.com/2020-artists-of-the-year/|access-date=2021-01-18|website=Atwood Magazine|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱳᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ [[:en:YouTube|ᱭᱩ ᱴᱩᱵᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ "#YouTubeBlack Voices Fund" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite magazine|last=Cirisano|first=Tatiana|date=2021-01-12|title=YouTube Launches Grant Program for Black Creators & Artists|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/business/9509542/youtube-black-artists-creators-grant-program/|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2021-01-18|magazine=Billboard|language=en}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱤᱜᱚ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰ , [[:en:Verve_Forecast_Records|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱯᱚᱨᱠᱟᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱥ]], ᱟᱨ [[:en:Republic_Records|ᱨᱤᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱠᱚᱨᱰᱥ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱥᱩᱦᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ, ''[[:en:In_Defense_of_My_Own_Happiness|ᱤᱱ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯ ᱢᱟᱭ ᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱯᱤᱱᱮᱥ]]''ᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱗ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱳᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱩᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ, ''[[:en:Proof_of_Life_(Joy_Oladokun_album)|ᱯᱨᱩᱯ ᱚᱯ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯ]]'' ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ "ᱪᱮᱧᱡᱮᱥ"ᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ [[:en:Noah_Kahan|ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ "ᱣᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱜᱚᱱᱱᱟ ᱰᱟᱭ" ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱨᱤᱠᱥ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱔ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱳᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱨ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ "ᱫᱟ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱯᱨᱩᱯ ᱴᱩᱨ" ᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱕ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱘ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱨᱩᱯ ᱚᱯ ᱞᱟᱭᱯ'' ᱮ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱮᱞᱵᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[:en:Mt._Joy_(band)|ᱢᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱭ]] ("ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱰᱥ" ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ), [[:en:Manchester_Orchestra|ᱢᱚᱱᱪᱮᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱠᱮᱥᱴᱨᱟ]] ("ᱭᱩ ᱮᱴ ᱫᱤ ᱴᱮᱵᱩᱞ"), [[:en:Maxo_Kream|ᱢᱟᱠᱥ ᱠᱨᱮᱢ]] ("ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱ"), [[:en:Chris_Stapleton|ᱠᱨᱟᱭᱥ ᱥᱴᱟᱯᱞᱮᱴᱚᱱ]] ("ᱥᱩᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱯᱷᱚᱱᱤ") ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱦᱟᱱ ("ᱭᱩᱣᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱜᱚᱱᱱᱟ ᱰᱟᱭ") ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ [[:en:Hozier|ᱦᱟᱡᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱜ [[:en:Unreal_Unearth|ᱟᱱᱨᱤᱭᱮᱞ ᱟᱱᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷ]] ᱴᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱸᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟ ᱥᱳ (show) ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱠᱟᱨ (opening act) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱳ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ == ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱚᱞᱟᱰᱳᱠᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱭᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Get To Know: Joy Oladokun |url=https://stories.sweetjuly.com/editorial/get-to-know-joy-oladokun/ |access-date=2024-08-29 |website=Sweet July |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Nussbaum |first=Emily |date=2023-07-17 |title=Country Music's Culture Wars and the Remaking of Nashville |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/07/24/country-musics-culture-wars-and-the-remaking-of-nashville |access-date=2024-08-29 |magazine=The New Yorker |language=en-US |issn=0028-792X}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱩᱢ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱰᱤᱥᱠᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ == * ''ᱠᱮᱨᱤ ᱢᱤ'' (᱒᱐᱑᱖) * ''ᱤᱱ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯ ᱢᱟᱭ ᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱯᱤᱱᱮᱥ (ᱫᱟ ᱵᱤᱜᱤᱱᱤᱱᱥ)'' (᱒᱐᱒᱐) * ''ᱤᱱ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱚᱯ ᱢᱟᱭ ᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱯᱤᱱᱮᱥ'' (᱒᱐᱒᱑) * ''ᱯᱨᱩᱯ ᱚᱯ ᱞᱟᱭᱯ'' (᱒᱐᱒᱓) == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} f6ndqpf4rsquoz4oali5928zanhbdtl 0 35907 198813 196591 2026-10-03T04:43:41Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 198813 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ}} {{Automatic taxobox | name = ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ | fossil_range = {{fossil range|Late Triassic | recent}} | image = Cicada - Neotibicen linnei, Woodbridge, Virginia.jpg | image_caption = ᱞᱤᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ''[[Neotibicen linnei]]'' | image2 = Calling song of Magicicada cassini - pone.0000892.s002.oga | image2_caption = ''[[Magicicada cassini]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | taxon = Cicadoidea | authority = [[Pierre André Latreille]], 1802 | subdivision_ranks = ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ | subdivision = {{plainlist| * [[Tettigarctidae]] * [[Cicadidae]] }} }} '''ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ''' (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: Cicadas) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱛᱤᱡᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱚᱤᱰᱮᱭᱟ''' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱚᱳᱰᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Tettigarctidae]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱵᱟᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱫᱚ [[Upper Permian|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ]] ᱴᱤᱥᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱩᱦᱩᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' (ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Nymph (biology)|ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ [[Predation|ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ <ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |last2=Cooley |first2=John R. |title=Advances in the Evolution and Ecology of Thirteen- and Seventeen-year periodical cicadas |journal=Annual Review of Entomology |date=2022 |volume=67|pages=457–482 |doi=10.1146/annurev-ento-072121-061108|pmid=34623904 |s2cid=238529885 |issn=0066-4170 |doi-access=free }}</ref> [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱢᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://entomologytoday.org/2016/03/22/how-do-cicadas-know-when-to-emerge-from-the-ground/|title=How Do Cicadas Know When to Emerge from the Ground?|last=Fitzgerals|first=Kevin|date=22 March 2016|website=Entomology Today|access-date=24 July 2017}}</ref> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱢᱚᱨ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱰ]]'' ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://orthsoc.org/sina/c700lm29sec01.pdf Insect singers] orthsoc.org</ref> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱦᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳᱰ]] ᱟᱜ ''[[Shield of Heracles|ᱥᱤᱞᱰ]]'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱠᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mitsuhashi |first=Jun |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T5W_DQAAQBAJ |title=Edible Insects of the World |date=2016-12-19 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-315-35088-2 |pages=2009–2010 |language=en}}</ref> == ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ == {{wiktionary}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite dictionary |title=cicada |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/cicada |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Words To Remember Every 13 Years Or So|url=http://www.dictionary.com/e/cicadas/|website=Dictionary.com|date=22 May 2011|access-date=16 January 2018}}</ref>{{efn|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱠᱮᱴᱤᱰᱤᱰ]] (katydid) ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱾}} [[File:Cicada, 1939 Film.webm|thumb|''Cicada'' (ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱙ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] == ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ == [[File:Snodgrass Magicicada septendecim.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Magicicada cassinii|᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ''ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ'', [[Robert Evans Snodgrass]], ᱑᱙᱓᱐<ref>{{cite book |last1=Snodgrass |first1=Robert Evans |author-link1=Robert Evans Snodgrass |title=Insects Their Ways and Means of Living |year=1930 |publisher=Smithsonian |page=Facing page 198 |edition=1st |url=https://archive.org/stream/39088001578236#page/n239/mode/2up/search/cicada}}</ref>]] ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱯᱟᱨ]] (Cercopoidea) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ [[Extant taxon|ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ [[Tasmania|ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ Cicadidae ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ - [[Cicadettinae]], [[Cicadinae]], [[Derotettiginae]], [[Tibicininae]] (ᱥᱮ Tettigadinae), ᱟᱨ [[Tettigomyiinae]] ᱾<ref name=phylo2018>{{cite journal |last1=Marshall |first1=DC |last2=Moulds |first2=M |last3=Hill |first3=KBR |last4=Price |first4=BW |last5=Wade |first5=EJ |last6=Owen |first6=CO |last7=Goemans |first7=G |last8=Marathe |first8=K |last9=Sarkar |first9=V |last10=Cooley |first10=JR |last11=Sanborn |first11=AF |last12=Kunte |first12=K |last13=Villet |first13=MH |last14=Simon |first14=C |author14-link=Chris Simon (biologist) |year=2018 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) with a review of tribe and subfamily classification |journal=Zootaxa |volume=4424 |issue=1 |pages=1–64 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4424.1.1 |pmid=30313477 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[Tibiceninae]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱢᱯᱟᱨᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (emperor cicada) ''[[Megapomponia imperatoria]]''; ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Carwardine2008">{{cite book |last=Carwardine |first=Mark |title=Animal Records |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=T3FEKopUFkUC&pg=PA224 |year=2008 |publisher=Sterling Publishing |isbn=978-1-4027-5623-8 |page=224}}</ref> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Burton2002">{{cite book|author1=Burton, Maurice |author2=Burton, Robert |title=International Wildlife Encyclopedia: Chickaree - crabs|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BumyQJ14n8sC&pg=PA455 |year=2002 |publisher=Marshall Cavendish |isbn=978-0-7614-7270-4 |pages=455–457}}</ref> ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (deciduous trees) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ (tropics) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] (endemism) ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ (biogeography) ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Resh>{{cite book |last1=Resh |first1=Vincent H. |last2=Cardé |first2=Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&pg=PA56 |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=56–63}}</ref> ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ [[New Zealand|ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ,{{efn|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱓᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ,<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly K. |title=Biogeography of the Cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of North America, North of Mexico |journal=Diversity |date=2013 |volume=5 |issue=2 |pages=166–239 |doi=10.3390/d5020166 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2013Diver...5..166S }}</ref> ᱞᱟᱴᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱐᱐,<ref name="Hogue1993">{{cite book |last=Hogue |first=Charles Leonard |title=Latin American Insects and Entomology |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC |year=1993 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-07849-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_3CTf8bnlndwC/page/n244 233]}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱱᱛ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒００ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Simon |first1=Chris |title=The Current Status of Cicada Taxonomy on a Region-by-Region Basis |url=http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php |publisher=University of Connecticut |date=2015 |access-date=27 August 2015 |archive-date=9 October 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009192742/http://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/projects/cicada/taxonomy/current_taxo.php }}</ref> [[Palearctic realm|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱠ]] ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ,<ref name="Burton2002"/> ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[Cicadetta montana|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] (New Forest cicada), ''Cicadetta montana'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Marren |first1=Peter |last2=Mabey |first2=Richard|author1-link=Peter Marren|author2-link=Richard Mabey |title=Bugs Britannica |url=https://archive.org/details/bugsbritannica0000marr |date=2010 |publisher=Chatto and Windus |isbn=978-0-7011-8180-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bugsbritannica0000marr/page/189 189]}}</ref> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱥᱚᱬ (acoustic analysis) ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ {{cladogram|cladogram={{clade|style=font-size:75%;line-height:75% |label1= |1={{clade |label1=[[Cicadidae]] |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |label1= |1={{clade |1=[[Cicadinae]] |2=[[Cicadettinae]] }} }} |2=[[Tettigomyiinae]] }} |2=[[Tibicininae]] }} |2=[[Tettigarctidae]] }} }}|caption=᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱟᱬ (Phylogenetic treatment)<ref name=phylo2018 />}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱨᱯᱷᱞᱟᱭ (jarfly) ᱥᱮ [[ᱰᱚᱜᱽ-ᱰᱮ]] (dog-day) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[Neotibicen]]'', ''[[Megatibicen]]'', ᱥᱮ ''[[Hadoa]]'' ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name= "Milne">{{cite book |author1-link=Lorus Milne |author2-link=Margery Milne |last1=Milne |first1=Lorus |last2=Milne |first2=Margery |title=The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Insects and Spiders |publisher=Alfred A Knopf |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-394-50763-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/nationalaudubons00miln }}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''[[ᱢᱮᱡᱤᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱟ]]'' ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ|periodical cicadas]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱓ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Milne" /><ref name=magicicada>{{Cite web| url = http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/| title = Periodical Cicadas| website = magicicada.org| access-date = 23 August 2018| archive-date = 11 November 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111183653/http://magicicada.org/magicicada/broods/}}</ref> [[List of cicadas of Australia|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ, ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ, [[New South Wales|ᱱᱤᱣ ᱥᱟᱣᱛᱷ ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[Victoria (Australia)|ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱴᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱞᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ (alpine) ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, [[Sydney|ᱥᱤᱰᱱᱤ]], [[Melbourne|ᱢᱮᱞᱵᱳᱨᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[Brisbane|ᱵᱨᱤᱥᱵᱮᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱢᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ - ᱪᱮᱨᱤ ᱱᱳᱡᱽ (cherry nose), ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱠᱟᱨ (brown baker), [[Psaltoda moerens|ᱨᱮᱰ ᱟᱭ]] (red eye), ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ (greengrocer), ᱭᱮᱞᱳ ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱮ (yellow Monday), ᱣᱤᱥᱠᱤ ᱰᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱨ (whisky drinker), [[Double drummer|ᱰᱟᱵᱚᱞ ᱰᱨᱟᱢᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱵᱽᱞᱟᱠ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ (black prince) ᱾ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱥᱟᱨ, ''[[Cyclochila australasiae]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web | title=Cicadas: Superfamily Cicadoidea| publisher=Australian Museum |url=https://australian.museum/learn/animals/insects/cicadas-superfamily-cicadoidea/ |access-date=30 July 2016}}</ref> [[File:Chorus cicada.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ [[Chorus cicada|ᱠᱳᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]], ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ]] [[File:Cicada - Japan - August 2021.webm|thumb|[[Japan|ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ([[Kermadec Islands]], [[Chatham Islands]]) [[Endemism|ᱮᱱᱰᱮᱢᱤᱠ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱳᱨᱯᱷᱳᱠ ᱰᱷᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://teara.govt.nz/en/cicadas/page-1|title=Introducing cicadas|website=Teara.govt.nz|access-date=10 June 2022}}</ref> ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱣ ᱠᱟᱞᱮᱰᱳᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ [[File:Mesogereon superbum 2.jpg|thumb|ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''[[Mesogereon superbum]]'' ᱟᱜ [[Mesozoic|ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ]] ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ]] === ᱯᱟᱞᱤᱭᱳᱱᱴᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ === ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ (Cicadomorpha) [[Fossil|ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ [[Late Triassic|ᱞᱮᱴ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] (Late Triassic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Palaeontinoidea]] ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Dunstaniidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[Upper Triassic|ᱟᱯᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ Mesogereonidae ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Wang>{{cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Bo |last2=Zhang |first2=Haichun |last3=Szwedo |first3=Jacek |title=Jurassic Palaeontinidae From China and the Higher Systematics of Palaeontinoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha) |journal=Palaeontology |date=2009 |volume=52 |issue=1 |pages=53–64 |doi=10.1111/j.1475-4983.2008.00826.x|bibcode=2009Palgy..52...53W |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱰᱳᱢᱳᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Szwedo |first1=Jacek |title=The unity, diversity and conformity of bugs (Hemiptera) through time |journal=Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |date=June 2016 |volume=107 |issue=2–3 |pages=109–128 |doi=10.1017/s175569101700038x |bibcode=2016EESTR.107..109S |s2cid=134243346 }}</ref> [[File:Prolystra lithographica.JPG|thumb|ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ''[[Prolystra lithographica]]'', [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱔᱕–᱑᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]] [[Palaeontinidae]] ᱥᱮ "ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ" (ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱤᱣᱨᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[Lower Cretaceous|ᱞᱳᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (Lower Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name=Wang/> ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱳᱨᱰᱥᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ [[Taynton Limestone Formation]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ (fore wing) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱑᱘᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱤᱯᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''[[Palaeontina oolitica]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="butler">{{cite book |author=Arthur Gardiner Butler |year=1869–1874 |title=Lepidoptera Exotica; or, Descriptions and Illustrations of Exotic Lepidoptera |publisher=E. W. Jansen |url=https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl |pages=[https://archive.org/details/lepidopteraexoti00butl/page/126 126]–127}}</ref> Tettigarctidae ᱟᱨ Cicadidae ᱫᱚ [[Jurassic|ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱨᱟᱥᱤᱠ (ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱑᱖᱕ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱥᱤᱭᱚᱥ (mid Cretaceous) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Burmese amber|ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Jiang |first1=Hui |last2=Szwedo |first2=Jacek |last3=Labandeira |first3=Conrad C. |last4=Chen |first4=Jun |last5=Moulds |first5=Maxwell S. |last6=Mähler |first6=Bastian |last7=Muscente |first7=A. Drew |last8=Zhuo |first8=De |last9=Nyunt |first9=Thet Tin |last10=Zhang |first10=Haichun |last11=Wei |first11=Cong |last12=Rust |first13=Jes |last13=Wang |first13=Bo |date=2024-01-08 |title=Mesozoic evolution of cicadas and their origins of vocalization and root feeding |journal=Nature Communications |language=en |volume=15 |issue=1 |page=376 |doi=10.1038/s41467-023-44446-x |issn=2041-1723 |pmc=10774268 |pmid=38191461|bibcode=2024NatCo..15..376J }}</ref> ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱳᱡᱳᱭᱤᱠ (Cenozoic) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref name="Moulds2018">{{cite journal |last1=Moulds |first1=M. S. |title=Cicada fossils (Cicadoidea: Tettigarctidae and Cicadidae) with a review of the named fossilised Cicadidae |journal=Zootaxa |date=22 June 2018 |volume=4438 |issue=3 |pages=443–470 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.4438.3.2 |pmid=30313130 |s2cid=52973182 |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/download/zootaxa.4438.3.2/33643 |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (modern cicadid) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''Davispia bearcreekensis'' (Tibicininae ᱥᱟᱵᱽ-ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱞᱤ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Paleocene|ᱯᱮᱞᱤᱭᱳᱥᱤᱱ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱕᱖–᱕᱙ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Poinar |first1=George |last2=Kritsky |first2=Gene |title=Morphological conservatism in the foreleg structure of cicada hatchlings, Burmacicada protera n. gen., n. sp. in Burmese amber, Dominicicada youngi n. gen., n. sp. in Dominican amber and the extant Magicicada septendecim (L.) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |journal=Historical Biology |date=October 2012 |volume=24 |issue=5 |pages=461–466 |doi=10.1080/08912963.2011.603421 |bibcode=2012HBio...24..461P |s2cid=82426789 }}</ref> == ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹ == === ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ === [[File:Gratopsaltria Nigrofuscata Young.jpg|upright|thumb|ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱢᱤᱱ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ミンミンゼミ|minminzemi}}, ''[[Hyalessa maculaticollis]]'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]] [[File:Platypleura kaempferi (NiiNii cicada).png|200px|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ {{nihongo|ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱱᱤᱭᱤ-ᱡᱮᱢᱤ|ニイニイゼミ|nīnīzemi}}, ''Platypleura kaempferi'', ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ]] ᱾]] ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ (tarsi) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Antenna (biology)|ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱱ (conical) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱴᱟ (seta) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=Cuvier/> [[Auchenorrhyncha]] ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ-ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=Resh/> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ Cicadidae ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱴᱚᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ([[prothorax]]) ᱫᱚ [[Scutellum (insect anatomy)|ᱥᱠᱩᱴᱮᱞᱚᱢ]] (scutellum) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ (tympanal apparatus) ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Resh/> [[File:20190828 semi uka.jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]) ᱠᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ (ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱭᱛᱟᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱤᱯᱷᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ) ᱾]] ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Imago|ᱤᱢᱟᱜᱳ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{convert|2|to|5|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱮᱢᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (''Megapomponia imperatoria''), ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{convert|18|-|20|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Burton2002"/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Flindt |first1=Rainer |title=Amazing Numbers in Biology |url=https://archive.org/details/amazingnumbersin0000flin |date=2006 |publisher=Springer Berlin Heidelberg |isbn=978-3-540-30146-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/amazingnumbersin0000flin/page/10 10] }}</ref> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ-ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱫ (compound eyes) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ [[Compound eye|ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ]] (ocelli) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮᱨᱮᱪ (triangle) ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱯᱴᱮᱨᱟ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ, ᱫᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱱ [[Rostrum (anatomy)|ᱥᱩᱸᱰ]] (rostrum) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref name=Capinera/> [[Clypeus (arthropod anatomy)|ᱯᱳᱥᱴᱠᱞᱤᱯᱤᱭᱚᱥ]] (postclypeus) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱹᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱤᱝ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (pumping musculature) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last=Moulds |first=Maxwell Sydney |title=Australian Cicadas |publisher=New South Wales University Press |year=1990 |page=10 |isbn=978-0-86840-139-3}}</ref> ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax/ᱪᱟᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranous) ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ (hyaline), ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱷᱩᱸᱫᱽᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ (wing venation) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Operculum (animal)|ᱚᱯᱟᱨᱠᱩᱞᱚᱢ]] (operculum) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱡ (abdomen) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ, ᱠᱟᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Ovipositor|ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ]] (ovipositor) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Capinera/> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[Superhydrophobic coating|ᱥᱩᱯᱚᱨᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱯᱷᱳᱵᱤᱠ]] (superhydrophobic) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱳᱢ (wict/waxy) ᱠᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱸᱴᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱛ (film) ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱭᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Wisdom |first1=Katrina M. |last2=Watson |first2=Jolanta A. |last3=Qu |first3=Xiaopeng |last4=Liu |first4=Fangjie |last5=Watson |first5=Gregory S. |last6=Chen |first6=Chuan-Hua |title=Self-cleaning of superhydrophobic surfaces by self-propelled jumping condensate |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |date=26 April 2013 |volume=110 |issue=20 |pages=7992–7997 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1210770110 |pmid=23630277 |pmc=3657783 |bibcode=2013PNAS..110.7992W |doi-access=free}} *{{cite magazine |author=Charles Q. Choi |date=April 29, 2013 |title=Cicada Wings Are Self-Cleaning |magazine=Scientific American |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/cicada-wings-self-cleaning/}}</ref> [[Bacteria|ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱬᱜᱚᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟ ᱚᱪᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱱᱳ-ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱜᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱴᱟᱜᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ [[Biomaterial|ᱡᱤᱣᱤ-ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] (biomaterial) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Pogodin |first1=Sergey |last2=Hasan |first2=Jafar |last3=Baulin |first3=Vladimir A. |last4=Webb |first4=Hayden K. |last5=Truong |first5=Vi Khanh |last6=Phong Nguyen |first6=The Hong |last7=Boshkovikj |first7=Veselin |last8=Fluke |first8=Christopher J. |last9=Watson |first9=Gregory S. |last10=Watson |first10=Jolanta A. |last11=Crawford |first11=Russell J. |last12=Ivanova |first12=Elena P. |title=Biophysical Model of Bacterial Cell Interactions with Nanopatterned Cicada Wing Surfaces |journal=Biophysical Journal |date=February 2013 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=835–840 |doi=10.1016/j.bpj.2012.12.046 |pmid=23442962 |pmc=3576530 |bibcode=2013BpJ...104..835P}} *{{cite web |author=Bob Yirka |date=March 6, 2013 |title=Researchers find cicada wing structure able to kill bacteria on contact (w/ video) |website=Phys.org |url=http://phys.org/notes/2013-03-cicada-wing-bacteria-contact-video.html}}</ref> === ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ === ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[Diceroprocta apache]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ [[Evaporative cooling|ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ]] (evaporative cooling) ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[Sweating|ᱩᱫᱜᱟᱹᱨ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ {{convert|39|C|F|0}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱟᱢ ([[tergum]]) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[Xylem|ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ]] (xylem sap) ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱕ °C ᱜᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Hadley |first1=Neil F. |last2=Quinlan |first2=Michael C. |last3=Kennedy |first3=Michael L. |date=1991 |title=Evaporative cooling in the desert cicada: thermal efficiency and water/metabolic costs |journal=[[Journal of Experimental Biology]] |volume=159 |issue=1 |pages=269–283 |doi=10.1242/jeb.159.1.269 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Toolson |first=Eric C. |title=Water Profligacy as an Adaptation to Hot Deserts: Water Loss Rates and Evaporative Cooling in the Sonoran Desert Cicada, Diceroprocta apache |journal=Physiological Zoology |volume=60 |issue=4 |year=1987 |pages=379–385 |doi=10.1086/physzool.60.4.30157899 |s2cid=87904484 }}</ref> ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''Magicicada tredecem'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Toolson |first1=Eric C. |last2=Toolson |first2=Elizabeth K. |title=Evaporative cooling and endothermy in the 13-year periodical cicada, Magicicada tredecem |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-comparative-physiology-b-biochemical_1991-03_161_1/page/109 |journal=Journal of Comparative Physiology B |year=1991 |volume=161 |issue=1 |pages=109–115 |doi=10.1007/BF00258754 |s2cid=23530728 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱤᱪᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱒ °C (᱔᱐ °F) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Sanborn et al 2003"/> === ᱨᱟᱹᱲ === [[File:EB1911 cicada tymbal structure.png|thumb|upright=1.1|ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ:<br />a, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨ-ᱯᱞᱮᱴ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;<br />b, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱰᱷᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbals) ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ;<br />c, ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ, [[Muscle|ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱟ;<br />d, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ;<br />e, ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ "ᱨᱟᱹᱲ" ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tymbal|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ]] (tymbal) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[Resilin|ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱞᱤᱱ]] (resilin) ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ (stridulation) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱛᱷᱳᱨᱟᱠᱥ (thorax) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Subpsaltria yangi]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Luo |first1=Changqing |last2=Wei |first2=Cong |title=Intraspecific sexual mimicry for finding females in a cicada: males produce 'female sounds' to gain reproductive benefit |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_animal-behaviour_2015-04_102/page/69 |journal=Animal Behaviour |date=April 2015 |volume=102 |pages=69–76 |doi=10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.01.013 |s2cid=53170339 }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨ (membranous coverings) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ (resonant cavities) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Cuvier>{{cite book|author1=Cuvier, Georges |author2= Blyth, Edward |author3= Mudie, Robert |author4=Johnston, George| author5= Westwood, John Obadiah |author6= Carpenter, William Benjamin |title=The Animal Kingdom: Arranged After Its Organization, Forming a Natural History of Animals, and an Introduction to Comparative Anatomy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fPvRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA567 |year=1851 |publisher=W. S. Orr and Company |pages=567–570}}</ref> ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱸᱰᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱟᱠᱥᱟ ([[sound box]]) ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ (membranes) ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱞᱤᱠ" (click) ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱞᱤ ([[Invertebrate trachea|tracheae]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[Resonating device|ᱨᱮᱡᱳᱱᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱞᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (mating songs) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="Milne" /> [[Tettigarctidae|ᱛᱮᱛᱤᱜᱟᱨᱠᱴᱤᱰ]] (ᱥᱮ ᱩᱵ ᱟᱱ) ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ) ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱩᱱᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (communication) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Primitive (phylogenetics)|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Claridge |first1=Michael F. |last2=Morgan |first2=John C. |last3=Moulds |first3=Maxwell S. |title=Substrate-transmitted acoustic signals of the primitive cicada, Tettigarcta crinita Distant (Hemiptera Cicadoidea, Tettigarctidae) |url=https://archive.org/details/journal-of-natural-history_1999-12_33_12/page/1831 |journal=Journal of Natural History |date=December 1999 |volume=33 |issue=12 |pages=1831–1834 |doi=10.1080/002229399299752 |bibcode=1999JNatH..33.1831C }}</ref> {{Listen |filename=New_Zealand_cicada_song.ogg | title=''Amphipsalta zelandica'' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description=ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | filename2=Tanna_japonensis_v01.ogg |title2=ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ | description2=''[[Tanna japonensis]]'' ᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | filename3=Cicadas_in_Greece.ogg |title3=ᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ | description3=ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, [[Ithaca (island)|ᱤᱛᱷᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱒᱐᱐᱘ | filename4=Cicada_calling_in_Irving,_TX_in_June_of_2012.ogg |title4=ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ 'Neotibicen superbus' ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ | description4 =ᱨᱟᱹᱲ, ᱴᱮᱠᱥᱟᱥ, ᱒᱐᱑ canvas}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''[[Fidicinini|Fidicina rana]]'' ᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱵᱷᱨᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ {{convert|29|C|F|0}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ (tymbal muscles) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Aidley | first1 =D. J. | last2=White | first2=D.C.S. |date=1969 | title=Mechanical properties of glycerinated fibres from the tymbal muscles of a Brazilian cicada |journal=[[Journal of Physiology]] |volume=205 |issue=1 |pages=179–192 |pmid=5347716 |pmc=1348633 | doi=10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008959}}</ref> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ [[Circadian rhythm|᱒᱔ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Turpin |first1=Tom |title=Sound of Insect Music Ushers in Fall Season |url=https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |publisher=Purdue University |access-date=27 August 2015 |date=11 September 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920165622/https://www.agriculture.purdue.edu/agcomm/newscolumns/archives/OSL/2008/September/080911OSL.html |archive-date=20 September 2015 }}</ref> ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[Poikilotherm|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱟᱭᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱥᱮᱞᱥ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Sanborn et al 2003">{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen F. |last2=Villet |first2=Martin H. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Hot-blooded singers: endothermy facilitates crepuscular signaling in African platypleurine cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae: Platypleura spp.) |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=July 2003 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=305–308 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0428-1 |pmid=12883772 |s2cid=9090814 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..305S }}</ref> ''[[Kanakia (cicada)|Kanakia gigas]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Froggattoides typicus]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ (tropical forests) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boulard |first1=Michel |chapter=Acoustic Signals, Diversity and Behaviour of Cicadas (Cicadidae, Hemiptera) |pages=349–368 |doi=10.1201/9781420039337-31 |title=Insect Sounds and Communication |year=2005 |isbn=978-0-429-12200-2 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ewart |first1=A. |last2=Popple |first2=L. W. |title=Songs and calling behaviour of 'Froggattoides typicus' Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea: Cicadidae), a nocturnally singing cicada |journal=The Australian Entomologist |volume=34 |issue=4 |date=December 2007 |pages=127–139 |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/INFORMIT.070734889311858 }}</ref> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=J. |last2=Aubin |first2=T. |title=Is microhabitat segregation between two cicada species (''Tibicina haematodes'' and ''Cicada orni'') due to calling song propagation constraints? |journal=Naturwissenschaften |date=2003-07-01 |volume=90 |issue=7 |pages=322–326 |doi=10.1007/s00114-003-0432-5 |pmid=12883776 |bibcode=2003NW.....90..322S |s2cid=25048233 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sueur |first1=Jérôme |title=Cicada acoustic communication: potential sound partitioning in a multispecies community from Mexico (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadidae) |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |date=2002-03-01 |volume=75 |issue=3 |pages=379–394 |doi=10.1046/j.1095-8312.2002.00030.x |doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱳᱨᱱᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ, ''[[Okanagana|Okanagana pallidula]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[Okanagana vanduzeei|O. vanduzeei]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱴᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sanborn |first1=Allen |last2=Phillips |first2=Polly |title=No acoustic benefit to subterranean calling in the cicada ''Okanagana pallidula'' Davis (Homoptera: Tibicinidae) |journal=Great Basin Naturalist |date=1995-10-31 |volume=55 |issue=4 |url=https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol55/iss4/12/ }}</ref> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱯᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[Tympanal organ|ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ]] (tympanum) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢᱯᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒᱐ [[Sound#Sound Pressure Level|dB (SPL)]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ,<ref name="5050.co.za">{{cite web |date=2 June 2002 |title=Cicada noise |url=http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061004162419/http://www.5050.co.za/inserts.asp?ID=3234 |archive-date=4 October 2006 |access-date=3 August 2011 |work=50/50 |location=[[New Zealand|NZ]]}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | last=Craig | first=Owen | publisher=[[ABC Science]] | place=[[Australia]] | date=2001-02-17 | title=Summer of singing cicadas | url=http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2001/02/17/2822486.htm | access-date=23 December 2006}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱡᱚᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ "ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ" ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ, ᱛᱚᱵᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="insecteducation">{{Cite web|work=Insect education |date=2008-09-09 |title=Arthropoda |url=http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |access-date=2009-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713040007/http://www.insecteducation.com/tag/arthropoda |archive-date=13 July 2011 }}</ref> ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ-ᱴᱷᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱥᱠᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱤᱪ (pitch) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱞᱩᱛᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ/ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (distress call) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ-ᱛᱚᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱴᱷᱟᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱮᱭᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (courtship songs) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ (encounter calls) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱨᱩᱢᱩᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Villet |first1=Martin H. |last2=Sanborn |first2=Allen F. |last3=Phillips |first3=Polly K. |title=Endothermy and chorusing behaviour in the African platypleurine cicada Pycna semiclara (Germar, 1834) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_canadian-journal-of-zoology_2003-08_81_8/page/1437 |journal=Canadian Journal of Zoology |date=2003 |volume=81 |issue=8 |pages=1437–1444 |doi=10.1139/z03-119 |bibcode=2003CaJZ...81.1437V }}</ref> ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ (entomologists) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Baker |first1=E. |last2=Price |first2=B. W. |last3 =Rycroft | first3=S. D. | last4= Villet |first4 = M. H. |date=2015 |title=Global Cicada Sound Collection I: Recordings from South Africa and Malawi by B. W. Price & M. H. Villet and harvesting of BioAcoustica data by GBIF |journal=Biodiversity Data Journal |volume=3 |issue=3 |article-number=e5792 |doi=10.3897/BDJ.3.e5792|pmid=26379465 |pmc=4568402 |doi-access=free }}</ref> === ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ === ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱟẺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱚᱸᱠᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱲᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ Tettigarctidae ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱸᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᰰᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣ ([[Substrate (biology)|substrate]]) ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name=Resh/> ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱰᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱛᱨᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ([[Nymph (biology)|nymphs]]) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱮ {{Convert|6 - 24|in|cm|abbr=on}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱛᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱴᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ([[xylem]]) ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱡ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱞᱳᱥᱳᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ([[instar]]) ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱲᱚᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Resh/> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱟ ([[Ecdysis|molting]]), ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱨᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ([[exuviae]]) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=Grimaldi>{{cite book|author1=Grimaldi, David |author2=Engel, Michael S. |title=Evolution of the Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=odQmAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA308 |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-1-107-26877-7 |page=308}}</ref> ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱒-᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮᱱᱟᱥ, ''[[Magicicada]]'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ "ᱵᱽᱨᱩᱰᱥ" (broods/ᱡᱷᱟᱸᱠ) ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIII), ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱑Labels ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (Brood XIX) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=milman>{{cite news| last=Milman | first=Oliver | title=US braces for cicadas by the trillion as two broods of periodic insects coincide | newspaper=The Observer| date=7 April 2024 | url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/apr/07/cicada-geddon-brood-season-midwest-eastern}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱤᱸᱜᱤ ᱵᱚᱨᱳ (cicada killer wasp) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ (praying mantis) ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book | last=Haga | first=Enoch | chapter=6. Eratosthenes goes bugs! | at=pp. 71–80, fig. 8, table 9 | title=Exploring Prime Numbers on Your PC and the Internet | publisher=Enoch Haga | year=1994–2007 | lccn=2007900755 | isbn=978-1-885794-24-6}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite encyclopedia | last=Haga | first=Enoch | title=Sequence A161664, Safe periods for the emergence of cicada species on prime number cycles | url=https://oeis.org/A161664 | editor-first=NJA | editor-last=Sloane | encyclopedia=The On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences | year=2009}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:7petalJade.jpg | format=[[JPEG]] | type=image | title=Scanjet image of 7-petal flower from Jade plant approximately 25 years or more years old in Livermore, California |publisher= Wikimedia | access-date=20 September 2009 }}</ref> ᱠᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ (ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱘ canvas (᱕ × ᱑᱗) ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ (non-prime) ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱑᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name=dijusto>{{citation |last=Di Justo | first=Patrick | title=The Cicada's Love Affair With Prime Numbers | magazine=The New Yorker | date=13 May 2013 | url=https://www.newyorker.com/tech/annals-of-technology/the-cicadas-love-affair-with-prime-numbers}}</ref> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ (hypothesis) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱡᱤᱣᱤ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (ice ages) ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ (hybridized), ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ [[prime number|ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author=Yoshimura, J. |year=1997|title= The Evolutionary Origins of Periodical Cicadas During Ice Ages|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_american-naturalist_1997-01_149_1/page/112 |journal= The American Naturalist|volume= 149|issue=1|pages= 112–124|doi=10.1086/285981|bibcode=1997ANat..149..112Y |s2cid=84915706}}</ref> ᱑᱓ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱗ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱰᱣᱮᱥᱴᱚᱨᱱ (midwestern) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱒᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ (᱑᱓ × ᱑᱗) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱐᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=milman/> <gallery mode="packed" heights="200px" > File:Emerging cicada.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱛ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ File:Cicada Close-Up.jpg|ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱩᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ File:Cicada skin.jpg|ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ File:Cicada_exuviae_clinging_to_a_leaf.jpg|alt=An empty cicada skin captured in June 2024 in Rab Croatia|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱟᱜ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ </gallery> === ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ === ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ (nymphs) ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[oak|ᱳᱠ]], [[cypress|ᱥᱟᱭᱯᱨᱮᱥ]], [[willow|ᱩᱭᱞᱳ]], [[Fraxinus|ᱮᱥ]] ᱟᱨ [[maple|ᱢᱮᱯᱞ]] ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ (xylem) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱡ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>Elliott, Lang, and Wil Hershberger. (2007). ''The Songs of Insects''. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. pp. 184–185. {{ISBN|0618663975}}.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm |title=Periodical Cicadas - Genus Magicicada |access-date=4 June 2011 |archive-date=21 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110921220226/http://insects.about.com/od/truebugs/p/percicadas.htm }}</ref> ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱩ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ-ᱴᱷᱤᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ (excrete) ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cicadamania.com/cicadas/do-cicadas-pee/ | title=Do cicadas pee? | date=28 June 2015 }}</ref> ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱴ (jet) ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱵᱤᱪᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟᱧᱩ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ (mammals) ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2024/03/11/science/cicadas-pee-stream.html |title=When Cicadas Emerge, Things Might Get a Little Wet |work=The New York Times |date=11 March 2024}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |author=Challita, E. J., & Bhamla, M. S. |date=2024 |title=Unifying fluidic excretion across life from cicadas to elephants |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=121 |issue=13 |article-number=e2317878121 |doi=10.1073/pnas.2317878121|pmid=38466877 |pmc=10990113 |bibcode=2024PNAS..12117878C }}</ref> === ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ (Locomotion) === ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱚᱣᱪᱮᱱᱳᱨᱦᱤᱱᱪᱷᱟ (Auchenorrhyncha) ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱱ (saltation) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Burrows |first1=M. |title=Jumping mechanisms of treehopper insects (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Membracidae) |journal=Journal of Experimental Biology |date=March 2013 |volume= 216|issue=5|pages=788–799 |doi=10.1242/jeb.078741 |pmid=23155084|doi-access=free }}</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱜᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱠᱚ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜᱼᱟ) ᱾<ref name=Resh/> == ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ == {{notelist}} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist|refs= <ref name=auto17> {{Cite web| url = https://www.aswangproject.com/formation-of-the-world-kapampangan-mythology/ | title = Formation of the World, Kapampangan Mythology | website = Aswang Project | date = 12 September 2017 }}</ref> }} == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * {{cite book |last=Clausen |first=Lucy W. |date=1954 |title=Insect Fact and Folklore |url=https://archive.org/details/insectfactfolklo0000clau |publisher=Macmillan|oclc= |isbn= }} {{ISBN?}} * {{cite web |author=Egan, Rory B. |date=1994 |url=http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_ancgrcult.html |title=Cicada in Ancient Greece |access-date=28 December 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110080531/http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_ancgrcult.html |archive-date=10 November 2006 }} * {{cite journal | last1=Hoppensteadt | first1=Frank C | first2=Joseph B | last2=Keller | year=1976 | title=Synchronization of periodical cicada emergences | url=http://www.math.pitt.edu/~bard/classes/mth3380/cicada_hi.pdf | journal=[[Science (journal)|Science]] | volume=194 | issue=4262 | pages=335–337 | bibcode=1976Sci...194..335H | doi=10.1126/science.987617 | pmid=987617 | access-date=3 August 2011 | archive-date=9 November 2016 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161109010853/http://www.math.pitt.edu/~bard/classes/mth3380/cicada_hi.pdf }} * {{cite web |last=Main |first=Douglas |title=Trillions of cicadas are coming to the U.S. Here's why that's a good thing. |date=3 May 2021 |website=National Geographic |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/brood-x-cicadas-actually-good-fear-not|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503173228/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/brood-x-cicadas-actually-good-fear-not|archive-date=3 May 2021}} * {{cite book | last=Myers |first=JG | year=1929 | title=Insect Singers: A Natural History of the Cicadas | publisher=Routledge|oclc= }}{{ISBN?}} * {{cite web | last=Ramel | first=Gordon | year=2005 | title=The Singing Cicadas | url=http://www.earthlife.net/insects/cicadidae.html | access-date=31 January 2007 | publisher=Earth Life | archive-date=10 February 2007 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070210194613/http://www.earthlife.net/insects/cicadidae.html | url-status=dead }} * {{cite book | last=Riegel | first=Garland | title=Cicada in Chinese Folklore | series=Melsheimer Entomological Series | issue=3rd | year=1994 | publisher=Bug bios | url=http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_chfolk.html | access-date=28 December 2006 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061110080636/http://www.bugbios.com/ced3/cicada_chfolk.html | archive-date=10 November 2006 }} * {{cite book | last=Walker | first=Annette | title=The Reed Handbook of Common New Zealand Insects | publisher=Reed | year=2000 | isbn=978-0-7900-0718-2}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == {{Commons category|Cicadoidea}} {{Wikispecies|cicadidae}} {{wiktionary}} * [https://www.cicadamania.com/ Cicada Mania] – ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱦᱟᱲᱟ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ * [http://www.masscic.org/ ''Massachusetts Cicadas''] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱞ-ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ, ᱧᱮᱞ ᱧᱟᱢ, ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ, ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱠᱚ, ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ * [https://www.sciencenews.org/article/cicadas-climb-trees-shadows To climb trees, cicadas look to the shadows] (ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ) ᱾ ᱩᱢᱩᱞ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱳᱴᱮᱠᱥᱤᱥ (skototaxis) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱳᱠᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ [[Science News]], ᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱒0᱒᱖ * [https://cicadas.uconn.edu/ Cicadas.uconn.edu/ Brood mapping project] – ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱳᱭ ᱟ * [http://www.insectsingers.com/100th_meridian_cicadas/index.html ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ] * [https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bugs/cicadas.htm ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱨᱤᱰᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ, ''Neocicada hieroglyphica'', ''Tibicen'', ''Diceroprocta'' ᱟᱨ ''Melampsalta'' ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ] [[University of Florida]]/[[Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences|IFAS]] ᱟᱜ ''Featured Creatures'' ᱨᱮ * [http://inside.msj.edu/academics/faculty/kritskg/cicada/Site/Cicada_home.html Greater Cincinnati Cicada Information & Teaching Resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416023248/http://inside.msj.edu/academics/faculty/kritskg/cicada/Site/Cicada_home.html |date=16 April 2013 }} – College of Mt Saint Joseph ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ * [https://www.lib.ncsu.edu/specialcollections/digital/metcalf/index.html ᱰᱨ. ᱢᱮᱴᱠᱟᱞᱯᱷ (DrMetcalf): ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ-ᱞᱟᱰᱟᱜ (leafhoppers), ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱦᱳᱯᱟᱨ, ᱥᱯᱤᱴᱚᱞᱵᱚᱜᱽ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱞᱟᱰᱟᱜ (treehoppers) ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱵᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨ] {{Hemiptera|1}} {{Insects in culture}} {{Cicada Broods}} {{Meat}} {{Authority control}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q1947892}} [[Category:ᱨᱮᱨᱮᱧ| ]] [[Category:Cicadomorpha]] [[Category:ᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱡᱩ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category:Extant Late Triassic first appearances]] [[Category:Taxa named by Pierre André Latreille]] kxsl0ay4qaml45zqjoysd0t0f02de6x 0 35977 198833 193007 2026-10-03T11:40:22Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198833 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Infobox scientist | name = ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ | image = Sadegh Zibakalam 2013.jpg | image_size = | caption = ᱡᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ, ᱒᱐᱑᱓ | native_name = صادق زیباکلام | native_name_lang = fa | birth_name = ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱢᱚᱯᱷᱨᱟᱫᱽ | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1948|6|12}} | birth_place = [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱯᱟᱦᱞᱟᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ|ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | death_date = <!--{{death date and age |YYYY|MM|DD |YYYY|MM|DD}} (death date then birth date)--> | death_place = | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = <!--{{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}--> | other_names = | citizenship = ᱤᱨᱟᱱ | fields = [[ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱝ]]<br />[[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ]]<br />[[ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] | workplaces = [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]]<br />[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | patrons = | alma_mater = [[ᱦᱟᱰᱟᱨᱥᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ#ᱦᱟᱰᱟᱨᱥᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ (᱑᱙৭০–᱑᱙᱙᱒)|ᱦᱟᱰᱟᱨᱥᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱯᱚᱞᱤᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ]]<br />[[ᱵᱨᱟᱰᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ([[ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱪ.ᱰᱤ]]) | thesis_title = The Historical Genesis of the Islamic Revolution | thesis_url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VBeNGwAACAAJ&dq=zibakalam+The+Historical+Genesis+of+the+Islamic+Revolution&hl=en&sa=X&ei=isqVVL37BszgavD4gLgD&ved=0CB0Q6AEwAA | thesis_year = 1989 | doctoral_advisor = [[ᱛᱷᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱡᱮᱨᱟᱨᱰ ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱜᱷᱚᱨ]] | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = | notable_students = [[ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱦᱟᱡᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]<ref name="tourjan.com"/><br />[[ᱯᱷᱟᱛᱮᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱟᱯᱷᱥᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱᱤ]]<ref name="tourjan.com"/> | known_for = | awards = | author_abbrev_bot = | author_abbrev_zoo = | children = ᱒ [[ᱟᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱵᱷᱟᱠᱳᱞᱤ]] (ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱦᱚᱧᱦᱟᱨ)<ref name="family2">{{cite web|title=An introduction to Iran's parliamentary candidates|author=Denise Hassanzade Ajiri|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/25/profiles-iran-parliamentary-candidates-tehranbureau|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=February 2016|access-date=21 September 2016}}</ref> | signature = <!--(filename only)--> | footnotes = }} '''ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱢᱚᱯᱷᱨᱟᱫᱽ''' ({{langx|fa|صادق زیباکلام مفرد}};<ref name="The Guardian"/> ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱒ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱑᱙᱔᱘) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ<ref>{{cite web|author=Hanif Zarrabi-Kashani|url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/headlines-2014/12/19-iran-reactions-obama-cuba-deal|title=Iranian Press Week in Review|date=19 December 2014|publisher=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=21 June 2016}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ<ref>{{cite web|author=Mehrun Etebari|url=http://www.brookings.edu/blogs/markaz/posts/headlines-2014/12/19-iran-reactions-obama-cuba-deal|title=Iran Press Report: Waiting for Rafsanjani|date=10 May 2013|publisher=The Brookings Institution|accessdate=21 June 2016}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ-ᱞᱤᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|author=Stephanie Cronin|title=Reformers and Revolutionaries in Modern Iran: New Perspectives on the Iranian Left|publisher=Routledge|series=Routledge/BIPS Persian Studies Series|year=2013|isbn=978-1134328901|page=43}}</ref> ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/iran-agenda-faces-realities-at-world-gathering/|title=Iran's regional aspirations face realities at non-aligned nations summit | The Times of Israel}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://iranwire.com/en/politics/108469-sadegh-zibakalam-i-wish-someone-would-dare-tell-the-leader-he-cannot-run-the-country-so-stubbornly/#google_vignette|title=Sadegh Zibakalam: I Wish Someone Would Dare Tell the Leader He Cannot Run the Country so Stubbornly}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱪᱮᱱᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞ ᱡᱟᱡᱤᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedohadebates.com/debates/item/?d=19&mode=speakers|title=This House believes that Iran poses the greatest threat to security in the region|3=Series 2|4=|access-date=2026-05-18|archive-date=2014-12-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141220203608/http://www.thedohadebates.com/debates/item/?d=19&mode=speakers|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ "''ᱦᱟᱣ ᱰᱤᱰ ᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱢ ᱦᱣᱟᱴ ᱣᱤ ᱟᱨ?''" ᱟᱨ "''ᱮᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱨᱚᱰᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱩ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱ''" ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="tourjan.com">{{Citation|title=مردی که زیاد می داند|publisher=tourjan.com|url=http://www.tourjan.com/?p=252|accessdate=24 April 2015|language=Persian|archive-date=10 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140910100458/http://www.tourjan.com/?p=252|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱵᱮᱫᱚᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱭ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="The Guardian"/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/israel-middle-east/articles/the-most-dangerous-man-in-iran |title= Tehran University political scientist Sadegh Zibakalam dares to publicly oppose his regime's foreign policy |publisher= [[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet]] |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref> == ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ == ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱟᱰᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱪ.ᱰᱤ. ᱦᱟᱥᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="english.alarabiya.net">{{cite web |title=Hatred of Arabs deeply rooted in Persians, says Iranian intellectual |url=https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011%2F10%2F09%2F170927 |website=Al Arabiya English |language=en |date=9 October 2011}}</ref> ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙۷᱙ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="english.alarabiya.net"/><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.iranintl.com/en/202210175584 |title= Ongoing Protests Startled, Confused Iran's Authorities - Sadegh Zibakalam |publisher= Iran International |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref> == ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ == ᱡᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱱᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱛᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="tourjan.com"/> == ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ == ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱴᱷᱤᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱮᱱᱰᱤᱰᱮᱴ ᱠᱚ (ᱢᱤᱨ-ᱦᱚᱥᱮᱱ ᱢᱚᱣᱥᱟᱵᱷᱤ, ᱡᱟᱦᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱦᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱰ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱦᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱵᱤ) ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱣᱟᱫᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮ ᱟᱞᱚᱪᱚᱱᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱩᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱜᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱵᱷᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ-ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱨᱛᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱩᱦᱟᱱᱤ ᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱠᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://iranpulse.al-monitor.com/index.php/2014/01/3616/rouhani-criticized-by-supporter-for-statement-on-2009-elections/|title=Rouhani criticized by supporter for statement on 2009 elections|last=Karami|first=Arash|date=3 January 2014|publisher=AL-MONITOR|accessdate=3 January 2014}}{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://iranwire.com/en/politics/108469-sadegh-zibakalam-i-wish-someone-would-dare-tell-the-leader-he-cannot-run-the-country-so-stubbornly/ | title= Sadegh Zibakalam: I Wish Someone Would Dare Tell the Leader He Cannot Run the Country so Stubbornly | publisher = IRANWIRE }}</ref> ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱠᱞᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱞᱤᱭ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱫᱩᱨᱵᱚᱞ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.economist.com/news/middle-east-and-africa/21596973-hassan-rohani-has-changed-mood-iran-he-faces-opposition-dismantling|title=Dismantling the wall - Hassan Rohani has changed the mood in Iran. But he faces opposition|date=22 February 2014|publisher=The Economist Newspaper|accessdate=21 February 2014}}</ref> ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱡᱽᱨᱟᱭᱮᱞ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ]] ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="The Guardian">{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2015/apr/08/the-iranian-professor-who-dares-to-differ-on-nuclear-matters-and-israel|title= The Iranian professor who dares to differ on nuclear matters and Israel |date= 8 April 2015|work=The Guardian|accessdate=9 April 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.memri.org/tv/tehran-university-professor-zibakalam-islamic-revolution-establish-freedom-democracy-regime-failed-abyaneh |title= Tehran University Professor Sadegh Zibakalam: Annihilation Of Israel, Fighting America Were Not Goals Of The 1979 Revolution; The Regime Uses These Slogans To Cover Its Failure To Uphold Accountability, Free Elections, Independent Judiciary |publisher= [[Middle East Media Research Institute]] |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref> == ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ == ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱳᱨᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ-ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ" ᱰᱚᱭᱮᱪᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱞᱚᱪᱚᱱᱟᱛᱢᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url= https://en.qantara.de/content/iranian-political-scientist-sadegh-zibakalam-given-jail-sentence-over-dw-interview |title= Iranian political scientist Sadegh Zibakalam given jail sentence over DW interview |publisher= Qantara.de |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref> ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱴ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url= https://en.radiofarda.com/a/iran-academic-zibakalam-prison/29096882.html |title= Outspoken Iranian Academic Sentenced To Prison, Banned From Political Activities |publisher= Radio Farda |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ "ᱚᱱᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ" ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.en-hrana.org/sadegh-zibakalam-sentenced-to-one-year-in-prison-for-news-dissemination/ |title= The Criminal Court of Tehran has handed down a one-year prison sentence to Sadegh Zibakalam, a prominent professor at the University of Tehran and political pundit. The verdict is related to his role in sharing news regarding serial poison attacks on schools. |publisher= Human Rights Activist News Agency (HRANA) |access-date= 2023-07-15}}</ref> == ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ == *''ᱦᱟᱣ ᱰᱤᱰ ᱣᱤ ᱵᱤᱠᱟᱢ ᱦᱣᱟᱴ ᱣᱤ ᱟᱨ?'' * {{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ |date= 2009 |title= ᱦᱟᱥᱮᱢᱤ ᱵᱮᱫᱩᱱ-ᱤ ᱨᱩᱛᱩᱥ |location= |publisher= |pages= 326 |isbn= 978-9-643-34273-9}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/409936/Ayatollah-Hashemi-man-of-politics-man-of-letters|title = Ayatollah Hashemi: Man of politics, man of letters|date = 10 January 2017}}</ref> *''ᱥᱳᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱴᱚᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱥ ᱣᱤᱛᱷ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ'' * {{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ |date= 2022 |title= ᱥᱟᱦ ᱰᱤᱰ ᱱᱚᱴ ᱢᱟᱨᱰᱟᱨ |location= |publisher= |pages= 326 |isbn= 978-1-595-84755-3}} *''ᱮᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱨᱚᱰᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱴᱩ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱵᱷᱚᱞᱩᱥᱚᱱ'' * {{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= |date= 2015 |title= ᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱤᱠᱮᱢ ᱫᱟ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ |location= |publisher= ᱨᱳᱣᱡᱟᱱᱮᱦ |pages= 288 |isbn= 978-964-334-577-8}} * {{cite book |last= |first= |author-link= ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ |date= 2019 |title= ᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱥᱟᱦ |location= |publisher= |pages= 302 |isbn= 978-1-780-83763-5}} == ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ == * ᱰᱚᱭᱮᱪᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱮ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱰᱚᱢ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱯᱤᱪ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ (᱒᱐᱑᱘)<ref>{{citation|title=DW Freedom of Speech Award 2018 goes to Sadegh Zibakalam|url=http://p.dw.com/p/2x42T|date=3 March 2018|access-date=15 March 2018|author1=Rahel Klein | author2=Shahram Ahadi | author3=[[Jamshid Barzegar]]|work=Deutsche Welle}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{commons}} * [http://www.zibakalam.com ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204115154/http://www.zibakalam.com/ |date=4 December 2020 }} * [https://www.theguardian.com/world/iran-blog/2015/jul/15/iran-sadegh-zibakalam-says-anti-americanism-dead-interview ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱨᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱭᱩ] * [https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/sadegh-zibakalam/4044538/ ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250623201155/https://journalismisnotacrime.com/en/wall/sadeghzibakalam/ ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ] * [https://www.mei.edu/profile/sadegh-zibakalam ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱞ ᱤᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱤᱭᱩᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ] * [https://iranhumanrights.org/tag/sadegh-zibakalam/ ᱴᱮᱜᱽ: ᱥᱟᱫᱮᱜᱷ ᱡᱤᱵᱟᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢ] ᱮᱴ [[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱱᱡᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱨᱟᱰᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ, ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱮᱦᱨᱟᱱ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱚᱸᱰᱤᱛ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱟᱰᱟᱨᱥᱯᱷᱤᱞᱰ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱞᱚᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱦᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱤᱭᱳᱞᱤᱵᱟᱨᱮᱞᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] cac1sj3spev65q0nkikxs7qtth6d3gx 0 37691 198817 197203 2026-10-03T05:03:10Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198817 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ | image = Banana Fritters and tea.jpg | caption = [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ | alternate_name = | country = | region = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ]], [[ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] | creator = | type = [[ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ]] | served = | main_ingredient = [[ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ|ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ]], [[ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ (ᱤᱥᱤᱱ)|ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ]] | variations = | calories = | other = }} ᱢᱤᱫ '''ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ]] ᱥᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ [[ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ]], ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ == === ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱮᱭ === ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱮᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ {{Lang|ms|ᱪᱩᱪᱩᱨ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ}} ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ng 5.8.2019">{{cite news |author=Grace Ng |title=6 must-try dishes in Brunei for the adventurous |date=5 August 2019 |work=[[Free Malaysia Today]] |url=https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/leisure/2019/08/05/6-must-try-dishes-in-brunei-for-the-adventurous/ |access-date=20 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120060258/https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/leisure/2019/08/05/6-must-try-dishes-in-brunei-for-the-adventurous/ |archive-date=20 November 2021 }}</ref><ref name="escape Brunei">{{cite magazine |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=<!-- not stated --> |title=BRUNEI Kekayaan Alam, sejarah dan budaya |magazine=escape! |page=11 |language=id |via=PDFSLIDE.NET |url=https://pdfslide.net/documents/ecape-indonesia-magazine-brunei-supplement.html |access-date=20 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120061312/https://pdfslide.net/documents/ecape-indonesia-magazine-brunei-supplement.html |archive-date=20 November 2021}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[#ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[#ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ {{Lang|ms|ᱪᱩᱪᱩᱨ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱫᱩ}}, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱧᱮᱞᱮ]] ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ {{lang|ms|ᱪᱩᱪᱩᱨ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ}} ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ({{lang|ms|ᱢᱤᱱᱩᱢ ᱯᱮᱴᱟᱝ}}) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Brudirect 8.8.2020">{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |title=Cucur Pisang Madu C-Pyan : Sambutan Amat Menggalakkan |date=8 August 2020 |work=Brudirect.com |language=ms |url=https://brudirect.com/news.php?id=99346 |access-date=20 November 2021 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120054852/https://brudirect.com/news.php?id=99346 |archive-date=20 November 2021 }}</ref> === ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ === [[File:Noum Chek Chien.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱭᱮᱢ ᱨᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ]] ᱠᱷᱢᱮᱨ ᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ''ᱱᱩᱢ ᱪᱮᱠ ᱪᱤᱭᱮᱱ'' ({{lang|km|នំចេកចៀន}}; {{literal translation|ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ}}) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ, ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱸᱰᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱰᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rivière |first1=Joannès |authorlink1=Joannès Rivière |date=2008 |title=Cambodian Cooking: A humanitarian project in collaboration with Act for Cambodia |url=https://archive.org/details/cambodiancooking0000rivi |publisher=[[Periplus Editions]] |page=[https://archive.org/details/cambodiancooking0000rivi/page/89 89] |isbn=978-0-794-65039-1}}</ref> [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''ᱪᱮᱠ ᱪᱤᱭᱮᱱ ᱯᱤᱥᱮᱥ'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱱᱳᱢ ᱯᱮᱱᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ – ᱢᱟᱣ ᱛᱥᱮ ᱛᱩᱝ ᱵᱩᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱢᱯᱩᱪᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Taing |first=Rinith |url=https://www.khmertimeskh.com/50618983/deep-fried-with-hope-and-hard-wok/ |title=Deep-Fried with Hope and Hard Wok |date=28 June 2019 |newspaper=[[Khmer Times]] |access-date=17 October 2021}}</ref> === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ === ==== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ==== [[File:Pazhampori.jpg|thumb|right|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱟᱠᱠᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ'']] ''ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱟᱠᱠᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱳᱨᱤ'' ({{langx|ml|പഴം പൊരി}}), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱮᱛᱷᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ [[ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ]] ᱥᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ<ref name="Fodors 2015"/> ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱭᱫᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾<ref name="Fodors 2015"/><ref>{{cite news|last1=Sathyendran|first1=Nithya|title=Kerala on the menu|url=http://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/Kerala-on-the-menu/article16700614.ece|accessdate=2 December 2017|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=25 November 2016}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰᱚ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱵᱟᱞᱮᱠᱟᱭᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱡᱤ'' ({{lang|kn|ಬಾಳೆಕಾಯಿ ಬಜ್ಜಿ}}), [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱟᱠᱠᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱡᱤ'', ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ]] ᱛᱮ ''ᱟᱨᱟᱴᱤᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱡᱤ'' ({{lang|te|అరటికాయ బజ్జి}}) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱳᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱞᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱭᱫᱟ, ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ, ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱵᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tastycircle.com/recipe/pazham-pori/|title=Pazham Pori / Ethakka appam - Kerala Recipes|date=2013-11-02|website=Tasty Circle|language=en-US|access-date=2019-02-22}}</ref> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱳᱨᱤ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱮᱛᱷᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ''ᱱᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱟᱱ'' ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱰᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="Ng 5.8.2019" /> ''ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱳᱨᱤ'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱩᱨᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱢ ᱯᱳᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/Kerala-on-the-menu/article16700614.ece|title=Kerala on the menu|last=Sathyendran|first=Nita|date=2016-11-25|work=The Hindu|access-date=2019-02-22|language=en-IN|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> === ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ === [[File:Pisang goreng in a basket.jpg|thumb|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ''[[ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱ]]'' (ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ) ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾]] [[File:Menggoreng bakwan dan pisang goreng.JPG|thumb|[[ᱠᱟᱨᱤᱢᱩᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱠᱟᱣᱮᱫᱟ]] [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Backshall |first=Stephen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WKoIooGXjPYC&q=pisang+goreng+indonesian+fried+banana&pg=PA1093 |title=Indonesia |date=2003 |publisher=Rough Guides |isbn=9781858289915 |pages=1093}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ,<ref name="Street Food">{{cite book |last1=Kraig |first1=Bruce |last2=Sen |first2=Colleen Taylor |authorlink2=Colleen Taylor Sen |title=Street Food around the World: An Encyclopedia of Food and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9XCjAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA183 |publisher=[[ABC-CLIO]] |year=2013 |page=183 |isbn=978-1-59884-955-4}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ'', ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱠ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱯᱳᱠ'' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ'' ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng">{{Cite news |url=https://www.indoindians.com/all-about-pisang-goreng/|title=All about Pisang Goreng |last=Fauziah |date=2017-07-07 |work=Indoindians |access-date=2018-06-25|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱟ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱷᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ, ᱜᱚᱦᱚᱢ, ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ, ᱴᱮᱯᱤᱭᱳᱠᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱨᱟᱢᱵᱽᱥ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱠᱚᱲ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱥᱮ [[ᱛᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="allrecipes.asia">{{Cite web|url=http://allrecipes.asia/recipe/668/pisang-goreng--indonesian-banana-fritters-.aspx|title=Pisang Goreng (Indonesian Banana Fritters)|website=allrecipes.asia|language=en|access-date=2018-06-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180922132524/http://allrecipes.asia/recipe/668/pisang-goreng--indonesian-banana-fritters-.aspx|archive-date=22 September 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱚᱯᱤᱝ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ, ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱩᱨᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱫᱟᱞᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱪᱤᱡᱽ, ᱡᱟᱢ, ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱥᱰ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ, ᱪᱚᱠᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ ᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱢ ᱮᱨ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ''ᱣᱟᱨᱩᱝ ᱠᱳᱯᱤ'' (ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ) ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱩᱭᱮ'' ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Street Food"/> ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱴᱮᱢᱯᱮᱦ, ''ᱢᱮᱱᱰᱳᱣᱟᱱ'', ᱴᱳᱯᱷᱩ (''ᱛᱟᱦᱩ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ''), ᱳᱱᱠᱳᱢ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱮᱸᱫᱽ, ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱠᱩᱴᱤ, ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱴᱟᱯᱟᱭ, ᱴᱮᱯᱤᱭᱳᱠᱟ (''ᱪᱤᱨᱮᱝ''), ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱡᱤ ᱠᱚ (''ᱵᱟᱠᱣᱟᱱ'') ᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱮᱰᱯᱷᱨᱩᱴ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.indoindians.com/gorengan-indonesias-favorite-fried-snacks/|title=Gorengan: Indonesia's Favorite Fried Snacks|last=Fauziah|date=2017-06-02|work=Indoindians|access-date=2018-06-27|language=en-US}}</ref> ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ, ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> [[ᱵᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱫᱚ ''ᱜᱳᱫᱳᱦ ᱵᱤᱭᱩ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱪᱟᱣ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'', [[ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱜᱮᱫᱷᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'', ᱥᱤᱵᱳᱞᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱠᱤᱛ'' ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟᱠ ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱠᱤᱯᱟᱥ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://inforesep.com/resep-pisang-goreng.html|title=Resep Pisang Goreng - InfoReseps.com|work=inforesep.com|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130530074250/http://inforesep.com/resep-pisang-goreng.html|archivedate=2013-05-30}}</ref> ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ''ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱ'' ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱴᱳᱯᱷᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱢᱯᱮᱦ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ, ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱯᱳᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟᱠ'' ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨᱥ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://traveling.bisnis.com/read/20180221/223/741463/pisang-goreng-khas-pontianak-makin-banyak-peminat|title=Pisang Goreng Khas Pontianak Makin Banyak Peminat|language = id|website=Bisnis.com|date=21 February 2018 |access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref> ==== ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ==== [[File:Pisang Molen.jpg|thumb|upright|''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱳᱞᱮᱱ'']] [[File:Pisang Goreng Sambal Roa Manado.jpg|thumb|upright|''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱰᱳ'', ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱣᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ]] ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱠᱤᱯᱟᱥ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱯᱳᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟᱠ'' : ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱯᱳᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟᱠ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱠᱤᱯᱟᱥ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱸᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱤᱨ'' : ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ", ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱨᱟᱢᱵᱽᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱫ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱳᱠᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱠᱨᱮᱢᱮᱥ'' : ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱠᱨᱮᱢᱮᱥ'' ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱤᱨ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱨᱟᱠᱴ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱹᱬᱠᱚᱲ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱫ ''ᱠᱨᱮᱢᱮᱥ'' ᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ, ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱢᱟᱫᱩ'' : ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "[[ᱧᱮᱞᱮ]] ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ", ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱧᱮᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱳᱞᱮᱱ'' : ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱪᱽ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱳᱞᱮᱱ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ" ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ-ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱢᱳᱞᱮᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱠᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱯ-ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱛᱞᱟ ᱯᱮᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱢᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱯᱮᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱪᱟᱢᱲᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱪᱳᱠᱮᱞᱟᱴ'' : ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱳ ᱛᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱪᱳᱠ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱛᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱮᱯ ᱪᱟᱢᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱯᱨᱤᱝᱠᱟᱞᱥ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱮᱱᱥᱰ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱯᱨᱤᱝ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ ''ᱛᱩᱨᱳᱱ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱮᱢᱵᱟᱞ'' : ''ᱠᱟᱭ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ-ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ''ᱮᱢᱵᱟᱞ'' (ᱴᱮᱯᱤᱭᱳᱠᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱪ) ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Stefany |first1=Aprilia |title=Pisang Embal, Sajian Pisang Goreng Khas Kei |date=17 May 2019 |url=https://travelingyuk.com/pisang-embal-kepulauan-kei/201201 |access-date=21 April 2022 |language=Indonesian |archive-date=14 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210614062331/https://travelingyuk.com/pisang-embal-kepulauan-kei/201201 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱮᱴ'' : ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱱᱟᱜᱮᱴ-ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱯᱟᱥᱤᱨ'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱮᱰ ᱠᱨᱟᱢᱵᱽᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧᱟ, ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kompas.com/tren/read/2019/12/15/095200765/pisang-nugget-paling-tren-di-pencarian-resep-bagaimana-membuatnya|title=Pisang Nugget Paling Tren di Pencarian Resep, Bagaimana Membuatnya? Halaman all|last=Media|first=Kompas Cyber|website=KOMPAS.com|date=15 December 2019 |language=id|access-date=2020-02-05}}</ref> ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱛᱮᱞᱟᱱᱡᱟᱝ'' : ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱩᱞᱟᱹᱝ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ", ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ,<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> ᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱰᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱠ'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ;''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱰᱳ'' : ''ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱰᱳ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ-ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱞ ᱨᱳᱣᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱳᱣᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="All about Pisang Goreng"/> <gallery class="center" caption="Pisang goreng" widths="190px" heights="170px"> File:Pisang goreng fried banana.JPG|ᱯᱷᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱾ File:YosriPisangTandukGoreng.jpg|ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱾ File:Pisang goreng snack.jpg|ᱰᱤᱥᱠ-ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱮᱯᱮᱴ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱾ File:Pisangcokelat.jpg|''[[ᱯᱤᱥᱪᱳᱠ]]'', ᱪᱚᱠᱞᱮᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' </gallery>``` === ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ === [[ᱢᱟᱫᱟᱜᱟᱥᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱳᱯᱷᱳ ᱟᱠᱳᱱᱰᱨᱳ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ—ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ—ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ, ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱦᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱥᱤ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱩᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱫ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤᱭᱟ<ref>{{Cite web |last=RASOLONOMENDRAIBE |first=Fabruce |date=2024-10-07 |title=Mofo Akondro, literally banana fritters! |url=https://www.vivytravel.com/mofo-akondro-literally-banana-fritters/ |access-date=2025-08-21 |website=Vivy Travel Madagascar |language=en-US}}</ref> ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱳᱯᱷᱳ ᱟᱠᱳᱱᱰᱨᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾ === ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ === [[File:Goreng pisang.jpg|thumb|''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ]] [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ {{lang|ms|ᱪᱮᱠᱳᱫᱳᱠ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ}} ᱟᱨ {{lang|ms|ᱡᱮᱢᱯᱩᱴ-ᱡᱮᱢᱯᱩᱴ ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ}} ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ [[ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Goldstein |editor-first=Darra |editor-link=Darra Goldstein |title=The Oxford Companion to Sugar and Sweets |year=2015 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XPNgBwAAQBAJ&pg=PT511 |isbn=978-0-199-31339-6}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.travelblissful.com/goreng-pisang-a-street-hawker-delight-in-penang-malaysia/ |title=GORENG PISANG: A STREET HAWKER DELIGHT IN PENANG, MALAYSIA Travel Blissful |work=travelblissful.com|date=15 November 2014 }}</ref> ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ, ᱡᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Where to find the best goreng pisang in Singapore for the perfect midday snack |url=https://www.lifestyleasia.com/sg/dining/food/best-goreng-pisang-and-fried-bananas-in-singapore/ |website=Lifestyle Asia Singapore |access-date=13 July 2023 |date=8 September 2022}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱳᱦᱳᱨ ᱨᱮ, '''ᱯᱤᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱳᱨᱮᱝ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱞ ᱠᱤᱪᱟᱯ''' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱥᱳᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱥ ᱰᱤᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=admin |date=2022-07-27 |title=The Best Pisang Goreng you can taste in Johor Bahru |url=https://tourismjohor.my/the-best-pisang-goreng-you-can-taste-in-johor-bahru/ |access-date=2025-10-28 |website=Tourism Johor |language=en |archive-date=2025-09-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250912002616/https://tourismjohor.my/the-best-pisang-goreng-you-can-taste-in-johor-bahru/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ === ᱜᱟᱰᱷᱟ, ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱥᱚᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tate |first=D. J. M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QtIAAAAYAAJ&q=%22Banana+fritter%22+%22Myanmar%22 |title=Tropical Fruit of the Philippines |date=2000 |publisher=Archipelago Press |isbn=978-981-4068-00-0 |language=en}}</ref> === ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ === [[File:Maruya 01 Philippines.jpg|thumb|right|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ''ᱢᱟᱨᱩᱭᱟ'']] ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱯᱨᱤᱴᱳᱝ ᱥᱟᱜᱤᱝ'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱵᱟ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ (ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱟᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱨᱩᱭᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱛᱞᱟ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱸᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱱᱦᱚᱸ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱣ ᱟᱨ ''ᱛᱩᱨᱳᱱ'' ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ''ᱛᱩᱨᱳᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ''ᱞᱩᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟ'' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱨᱮᱯ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ === ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢ === [[ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱟᱠᱟᱵᱟᱱᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ) ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://southamericanfood.about.com/od/appetizersfirstcourses/r/bakabana.htm |title=South American Food |access-date=2021-11-17 |archive-date=2016-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815211433/http://southamericanfood.about.com/od/appetizersfirstcourses/r/bakabana.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> === ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ === [[File:Kluai thot.jpg|thumb|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]] ''ᱠᱞᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱠ'' ({{langx|th|กล้วยแขก}}, {{IPA|th|klûa̯j kʰɛ̀ːk|pron}}), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ''ᱠᱞᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱛᱷᱳᱴ'' ({{lang|th|กล้วยทอด}}, {{IPA|th|klûa̯j tʰɔ̂ːt|}}) ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱠᱞᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱠ'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ, ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱮᱨ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱳᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱱᱳᱠ ᱠᱨᱟᱛᱷᱟ'', ''ᱠᱷᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱳᱴ'', ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ''ᱠᱞᱩᱣᱟᱭ'' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ", ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱷᱮᱠ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱯᱮᱲᱟ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ — ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱠᱞᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱠ'' ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱱ ᱞᱩᱣᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱠᱠᱨᱟᱯᱷᱟᱛᱫᱤ ᱯᱷᱳᱝ ᱪᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱳᱢ ᱯᱨᱟᱯ ᱥᱟᱛᱛᱨᱩ ᱯᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱳᱭᱮᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ''ᱠᱞᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱠ'' ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱨᱳᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱜᱽ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱳᱯᱳᱞᱤᱴᱟᱱ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ (BMA) ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.khaosodenglish.com/news/bangkok/2018/02/15/bangkok-declares-war-fried-banana-vendors/|work=[[Khao Sod]]|date=2018-02-15|access-date=2019-05-20|title=Bangkok Declares War on Fried Banana Vendors (Again)|first= Asaree|last= Thaitrakulpanich}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.komchadluek.net/news/regional/264118|work=[[Kom Chad Luek]]|date=2017-03-10|access-date=2019-05-20|title=ใครเคยกิน? "กล้วยทอดนางเลิ้ง"|language=th|trans-title=Who ever ate? "Nang Loeng Fried Banana"|first=Chalinee|last=Therasupa}}</ref> === ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ === [[Image:Chuối chiên.JPG|right|thumb|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]] ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ''ᱪᱩᱭᱳᱭ ᱪᱤᱭᱮᱱ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ''ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱯᱷᱞᱮᱢᱵᱮ'' ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱯ-ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱚᱯᱚᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last1=Trang |first1=Corinne |authorlink1=Corinne Trang |date=1999 |title=Authentic Vietnamese Cooking: Food from a Family Table |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1KPlqAmRcbYC&pg=PT231 |publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]] |page=231 |isbn=978-0-684-86444-0}}</ref> == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == * [[ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱤᱣ]], ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ * [[ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ]], ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱡᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ|ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ * [[ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] *[[ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱪᱤᱯᱥ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist|refs= <ref name="Fodors 2015">{{cite book |title=Fodor's Essential India: with Delhi, Rajasthan, Mumbai & Kerala |publisher=Travel Distribution |series=Full-color Travel Guide |year=2015 |isbn=978-1-101-87868-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Spp5BAAAQBAJ&pg=PT772 |accessdate=January 29, 2017 |page=772}}</ref> }} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱭᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱨᱩᱱᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱤᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱩᱨᱤᱱᱟᱢᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱷᱨᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱱᱮᱠᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱜᱟᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] pygxfe4md3qrx56xd1m0ptfqzimod9w 0 37696 198828 196326 2026-10-03T10:14:03Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198828 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Infobox person | name = ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ | image = | birth_place = [[ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱨᱩ, ᱵᱟᱞᱳᱴᱨᱟ| ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱨᱩ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]], [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | alma_mater = [[ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱪᱟᱨᱴᱟᱨᱰ ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱴᱮᱱᱴᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] | occupation = ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱜᱮᱱᱰᱤᱝ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ | website = {{URL|http://www.motilaloswal.com}} }} '''ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱕ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱖᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱤᱥ ᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱮᱰ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ, ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱝ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱫᱮᱣ ᱚᱜᱽᱨᱚᱣᱟᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>[http://www.motilaloswal.com/home/ " Motilal Oswal online trading"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100423221116/http://www.motilaloswal.com/Home/ |date=2010-04-23 }}. Retrieved 2010-04-24.</ref> ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱫᱽᱨᱩ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱭᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ SPU ᱡᱚᱭᱱ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱳᱥᱴᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱨᱛᱷᱤ ᱜᱨᱤᱦ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱫᱮᱣ ᱚᱜᱚᱨᱣᱟᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱟᱱᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="mint">{{Cite web |last=Vadukut |first=Sidin |date=2008-11-01 |title=Motilal Oswal {{!}} When everyone knows your name |url=https://www.livemint.com/Leisure/jYq9ULAx5636uVwDx7zKcJ/Motilal-Oswal--When-everyone-knows-your-name.html |access-date=2022-03-04 |website=mint |language=en}}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱚᱰᱤᱴᱤᱝ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱜᱚᱨᱣᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱟᱶᱩᱴᱤᱝ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ BSE ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱵᱽ-ᱵᱨᱳᱠᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱧᱟᱯᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ BSE ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱵᱽ-ᱵᱨᱚᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱡᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱥᱯᱚᱵᱽᱞᱤᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱜᱚᱨᱣᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱔᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱜᱚᱨᱣᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ, ᱮᱪᱟᱨ, ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟᱭᱤᱡᱤ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref name="mint"/> ==ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ== ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ, ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: * ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ, ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱤᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱡᱤᱝ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱱᱥ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱪᱩᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱰᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.aima.in/media-centre/events/managing-india-awards.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.aima.in |access-date=14 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420073845/https://www.aima.in/media-centre/events/managing-india-awards.html |archive-date=20 April 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱮᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱮᱱᱮᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱺ ᱡᱤ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱱᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ <ref>{{cite web |date=19 April 2024 |title=MO Founder Motilal Oswal Net Worth |work=Money Laid Pvt. Ltd. |url=https://moneylaid.com/motilal-oswal-net-worth/ }}</ref> * ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟᱭᱤᱡᱤᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱢᱮᱜᱟᱡᱤᱱ ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟᱭᱤᱡᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱞ ᱯᱷᱮᱢ <ref name="pseps">{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Motilal Oswal|url=http://pseps.com/person/Motilal-Oswal|access-date=2020-07-10|website=|archive-date=2019-02-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190218141946/https://pseps.com/person/motilal-oswal|url-status=dead}}</ref> *ᱨᱳᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱞᱚᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱥᱚᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ <ref name="pseps"/> *ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱤᱛᱟ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱚᱡ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱵᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱷᱟᱴᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱤᱞ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱵ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱴᱨᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱷᱴᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱪᱤᱵᱷᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱣᱟᱨᱰ ==ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱟᱱ== ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱢᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱨᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last=|first=|date=|title=Motilal Oswal Financial Services Ltd|url=http://markets.ft.com/research/Markets/Tearsheets/Directors-and-dealings?s=MOTILALOFS:NSI|access-date=2020-07-10|website=}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱦᱟᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyOfficers?symbol=MOFSf.NS " Mr. Motilal Oswal was awarded the “Rashtriya Samman Patra” by Central Board of Direct Taxes for a period of 5 years from 1995 to 1999"]. Retrieved 2009-03-09.</ref> ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟ. ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱭᱱ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱥᱚᱱ (JITO) ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱭᱟᱛᱷᱤ ᱜᱤᱨᱤᱦᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ "ᱚᱜᱚᱨᱣᱟᱞ-ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱨᱟᱵᱟᱥ" ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱨᱚᱥᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Rajasthan Vidyarthi Griha|url=http://www.rvghostels.com/history.asp|access-date=2021-05-26}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱱᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱡᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ'' ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱳᱥᱣᱟᱞ, ᱢᱳᱛᱤᱞᱟᱞ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ (ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ)]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱜᱽᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] kklodp7f9lycudaizdbyxck2f9m42hx 0 37704 198811 196699 2026-10-03T04:28:26Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198811 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Martial art | image = Kalari Pattu.jpg | imagecaption = | name = ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ | aka = ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴ<ref name=BlackBelt/> | focus = [[ᱦᱟᱭᱵᱨᱤᱰ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ|ᱦᱟᱭᱵᱨᱤᱰ]] | hardness = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞ-ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱟᱠᱴ]], [[ᱥᱮᱢᱤ-ᱠᱚᱱᱴᱟᱠᱴ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | creator = [[ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ]] (ᱞᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ){{refn|group=note|name="Parashurama"}} | formation = | famous pract = [[ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] | parenthood = | descendant arts = | olympic = ᱵᱟᱝ | meaning = "ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ" }} {{Hinduism |schools}} '''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ''' ({{IPA|ml|kɐɭɐɾipːɐjɐtːɨ̆|lang}}), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑-᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ CE ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="KK" /><ref>{{Cite news|last=P. C.|first=Anaswara|date=16 June 2018|title=Meet Gangadharan, First Indian With A PhD On Kalaripayattu Who Later Became A Practitioner Too|work=[[Outlook India]]|url=https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/gangadharans-is-a-curious-cv-theorist-practitioner-of-kalaripayattu/312572|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> == ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ == ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑-᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ {{lang|ml-Latn|Kalaripayattu}} ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ – {{lang|ml-Latn|[[ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ]]}} (ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ) ᱟᱨ {{lang|ml-Latn|ᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ}} (ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ {{lang|ml-Latn|Kalari}} ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ {{lang|ml-Latn|Khaloorika}} ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱤ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱮᱵᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="EK">{{Cite journal|last=S|first=Sreenath|date=2017|title=Effect of Kalaripayattu on physical fitness variables among college students|url=https://www.kheljournal.com/archives/2017/vol4issue4/PartG/4-4-23-934.pdf|journal=International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health|volume=4|pages=1–7}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=T. Sreedharan Nair |first= Chirakkal |author-link= |title=Kalarippayattu: The Complete Guide to Kerala's Ancient Martial Art |year=2015 |url=https://archive.org/details/kalarippayattuco0000nair |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=9789384030513}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite web |last=John |first=Shaji K. |date=2011 |title=Kalarippayattu: The Martial and healing art of Kerala |url=https://ia600303.us.archive.org/33/items/Kalarippayattu/Kalarippayattuebook.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Devi |first=Thanooja |date=November 2020 |title=THE KALARI, GYMNASIUM OF KERALA |url=https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2011253.pdf}}</ref> ''ᱠᱟᱢᱤᱠᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ'' ᱕ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ CE ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟ ᱟᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ, {{lang|sa-Latn|ᱠᱷᱟᱞᱩᱨᱤᱠᱟ}} ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopaediaofh07achauoft/page/186/mode/2up?view=theater | title=An encyclopaedia of Hindu architecture | date=1946 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://archive.org/details/kamika-agama-purva-pada-part-1 | title=Kamika Agama – Purva Pada (Shaivite Hindu Text) }}</ref> == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ === ᱞᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ, ᱵᱤᱥᱱᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱛᱟᱨ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱟᱠᱟᱵ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱥᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾{{refn|group=note|name="Parashurama"}} ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱑᱐᱘ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱒᱑ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱾{{sfnp|Shaji|2011|p=4}} ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱭᱭᱟᱯᱯᱟ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ, ᱢᱩᱦᱟᱢᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱯᱯᱟᱱᱪᱤᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2015/jan/24/in-memory-of-a-warrior-deity-709189.html | title=In Memory of a Warrior Deity | date=24 January 2015 }}</ref> === ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ === ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯ ᱡᱟᱨᱨᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ (᱖᱐᱐ BCE – ᱓᱐᱐ CE) ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱨᱟᱵᱤᱲᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱱᱩᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1994}} ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱴᱟᱨᱜᱮᱴ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ, ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref name="Subramanian, N. 1966">Subramanian, N. (1966). ''[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.111129|Sangam polity]]''. Bombay: Asian Publishing House – via Internet Archive.</ref> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ (''ᱵᱷᱮᱞ''), ᱛᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱮ (''ᱵᱷᱟᱞ''), ᱰᱷᱟᱞ (''ᱠᱮᱰᱟᱦᱟᱢ''), ᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨ (''ᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱟᱢᱵᱩ'') ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<!--Language? Except for 'spear' these are similar to the Tamil words--> === ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ (c. ᱑᱑᱐᱐ CE – c. ᱑᱕᱐᱐ CE)=== ᱡᱟᱨᱨᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ CE "ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ" ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1994}} ᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱳᱞᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱨᱟ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱱᱡᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱞᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1994}} ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮ. ᱥᱨᱤᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱰᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ, ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱯᱟᱨᱴᱟᱱ-ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=82}} ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱫᱮᱵᱷᱟᱴᱟ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ<!-- Quite unlikely that children had anything like formal school-education. JJ 13 nov, 2023 --> ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=82}}{{sfnp|Wollok|2011|p=250}}{{sfnp|Arafath|2016}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=82}}{{sfnp|Wollok|2011|p=250}}{{sfnp|Arafath|2016}}<!-- According to Menon, unlike other parts of India, warriors in [[Kerala]] belonged to all castes and religions, and were from both sexes.{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=82}}--> ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱡᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱬᱦᱮ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱴᱩ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last= T. Sreedharan Nair |first= Chirakkal |author-link= |title=Kalarippayattu: The Complete Guide to Kerala's Ancient Martial Art |year= 2015 |url= https://archive.org/details/kalarippayattuco0000nair |location= |publisher= |page= |isbn=9789384030513}}</ref><ref name="auto"/> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ''ᱟᱱᱠᱟᱢ'' (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ" ᱥᱮ "ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱨᱟᱢ") ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ''ᱟᱱᱠᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱯᱳᱭᱛᱷᱩ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱟᱱᱠᱟᱢ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱳᱭᱛᱷᱩ'' ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ''ᱟᱱᱠᱟᱢ'' ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=83-84}} ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ''ᱟᱱᱠᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=83}} === ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱚᱠ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ (c. ᱑᱕᱐᱐ – c. ᱑᱙᱐᱐ CE)=== ==== ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ==== [[File:Gama route 1.svg|thumb|right|[[ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱳ ᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨ (᱑᱔᱙᱗-᱑᱔᱙᱙) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱑᱔᱙᱘ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱳ ᱰᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite journal|first=Glenn |last=Ames|editor-first=Ivana |editor-last=Elbl|title=Portugal and its Empire, 1250–1800 (Collected Essays in Memory of Glenn J. Ames) |journal=Portuguese Studies Review |volume=17 |issue=1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hld-AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA12|year=2012|publisher=Trent University Press|pages=12–15 with footnotes, context: 11–32}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱪᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱞᱳᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book|first1=M. O.|last1=Koshy|title=The Dutch Power in Kerala, 1729–1758|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ro8SLhyAc9AC|year=1989|publisher=Mittal|isbn=978-81-7099-136-6|page=61}}</ref> ᱰᱟᱪᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱰᱩᱣᱟᱨᱴᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱳᱥᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ,{{sfnp|Wollok|2011|p=250}}{{sfnp|Arafath|2016}} ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ:{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=82}}{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1979}} {{blockquote|ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ; ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨᱚᱜ, ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱡᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱟ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ, ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ (ᱡᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱥᱩᱱ ᱨᱤᱛᱩ) ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ (ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ) ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=82}}}} ᱑᱖᱖᱙ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱖᱗᱖ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱪᱽ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱚᱵᱷᱚᱨᱱᱚᱨ ᱦᱮᱱᱰᱨᱤᱠ ᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱰ, ''ᱦᱳᱨᱴᱩᱥ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨᱤᱠᱩᱥ'' ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ: {{blockquote|ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱵᱷᱟᱥ (ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ) ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥᱤᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱭᱨᱳᱥ (ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ) ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rIZHDwAAQBAJ&dq=The+silgos%28chegos%29usually+serve+to+teach+nayros+in+the+fencing+school&pg=RA1-PA8|title = Hendrik Adriaan van Reed Tot Drakestein 1636–1691 and Hortus, Malabaricus|isbn = 9781351441070|last1 = Heniger|first1 = J.|year = 2017| publisher=Routledge }}</ref>}} ==== ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ==== ᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱫᱩᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱩᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱟᱜᱽᱱᱮᱭᱟᱥᱛᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="BlackBelt">{{cite web|last=Doctor|first=Fali E.|date=July 1973|title=Kalari Payat – Ancient Art of India|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WdcDAAAAMBAJ|access-date=6 November 2020|publisher=[[Black Belt (magazine)|Black Belt]]|pages=23–25}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Menon|first=A. Sreedhara|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S9RMxjdjUVAC&pg=PA38|title=Legacy of Kerala|date=2010-07-12|publisher=D. C. Books|isbn=978-81-264-3798-6|pages=38|language=en|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ "ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ" ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱴᱩᱠᱟᱞ'' (᱑᱗-᱑᱘ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=81}}) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱤᱨᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱨᱮᱧ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱳᱢᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨ (᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ), ᱪᱟᱱᱫᱩ ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨ (᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ), ᱩᱱᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱪᱟ (᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ),<ref name="AK">{{Cite news |last=Soman |first=Deepa |date=31 March 2019 |title=Kalaripayattu is alive and kicking |work=[[Times of India]] |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kochi/kalaripayattu-is-alive-and-kicking/articleshow/68644512.cms |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱪᱳᱞᱤ ᱳᱛᱷᱮᱱᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨᱵᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱚᱨᱥᱚᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=82–83}} ᱦᱤᱨᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱨᱳᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱭᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱾{{sfnp|Menon|2011|p=81}} ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱴᱩᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱢᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱣᱟᱨᱛᱷ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱾ [[File:Kottakkal Kanaran Gurukkal.jpg|thumb|150px|[[ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ]] (᱑᱘᱕᱐-᱑᱙᱔᱑), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱨᱳᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ]] ᱑᱘᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱭᱟᱛᱷᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱥᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ, ᱑᱘᱐᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱥᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱳᱫᱷ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ, ᱠᱮᱞᱩ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱯ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱳᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱢᱩᱱᱱᱤ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="KK" /><ref name="MW" /> === ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ (᱒᱐-᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ)=== ᱑᱙᱒᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱟᱥᱥᱮᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1998}} ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱷᱮᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱥᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱠᱚ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ, ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱾ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ CVN ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱠᱚᱭ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="MW" /> ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤ. ᱥᱨᱤᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ<ref name="MW" /> ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱨᱤᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱨᱮ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ''ᱢᱮᱭᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ'', ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱱᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱤᱝ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="KK" /> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ – ᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱤᱴ ᱜᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱴᱩ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ'ᱥ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱾'' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ, ᱥᱨᱤᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱱᱳᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱥ. ᱟᱨ. ᱮ. ᱫᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱥ. ᱟᱨ. ᱰᱤ. ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱣᱮᱥᱴᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱩᱠᱥ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱗᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱸᱜᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="KK" /> ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠᱚᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱳᱦᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱴᱴᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="AK"/> ᱱᱮᱦᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱜᱮ, ᱮᱴᱟᱜ, ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱩᱱᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱳᱨᱟᱥᱣᱟᱢᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱱᱟᱴᱭᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱡ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sobers|first=S. N. Venkatnag|date=31 October 2019|title=World Is A Stage For Vasundhara|work=[[Star of Mysore]]|url=https://starofmysore.com/world-is-a-stage-for-vasundhara/|access-date=10 October 2021}}</ref> ᱒૦᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'', ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱟᱢᱢᱟ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref name="SF" /><ref name="OD" /> ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ, ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱛᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱵᱷᱟᱜᱽ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ-ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="KA">{{Cite news|last=Radhakrishnan|first=S. Anil|date=2021-01-10|title=Kalaripayattu academy braces for action|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/kalaripayattu-academy-braces-for-action/article33539155.ece|access-date=2021-04-07|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="BT">{{Cite news|date=10 January 2021|title=Kerala govt to set up Kalaripayattu Academy to boost traditional martial art form|work=[[Yahoo! News]]|url=https://in.news.yahoo.com/kerala-govt-set-kalaripayattu-academy-062937244.html|access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref><ref name="AF">{{Cite news|date=10 January 2021|title=Kerala govt to set up Kalaripayattu Academy to boost traditional martial art form|work=[[Asian News International]]|url=https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/kerala-govt-to-set-up-kalaripayattu-academy-to-boost-traditional-martial-art-form20210110115811/|access-date=18 June 2021}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱓,᱕᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱟᱨ ᱠᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴᱥ ᱵᱷᱤᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱟᱢᱢᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚᱥᱨᱤ ᱧᱟᱢᱤᱡ ᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ, ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ [[ᱯᱤᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱤ ᱵᱤᱡᱟᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱵᱟᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="KA" /><ref name="BT" /><ref name="AF" /> == ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ == [[File:Urumi in Kalaripayattu.webm|thumb|upright=1|[[ᱠᱳᱡᱷᱤᱠᱳᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱝᱜᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ [[ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱾ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱑᱘᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱮᱛᱷᱱᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱟᱨ (ethnographer) ᱮᱯᱷ. ᱯᱷᱳᱥᱮᱴ (F. Fawcett) ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱦᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱛᱷᱩᱨᱟᱭᱩᱨ|ᱯᱟᱭᱭᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ 'ᱣᱟᱴᱴᱟ' (ᱳᱴᱴᱟ) ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱨᱚᱜ, ᱫᱟᱞ, ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱪᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ 'ᱥᱟᱨᱤᱨᱟᱵᱷᱟᱫᱤ' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last=Prasad |first=S. R. D. |title=Kalaripayattu Vijnanakosham |year=2018 |publisher=Kairali Books |isbn=9789388087544 |page=212}}</ref>]] [[File:Kalaripayattu performance 3.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ]] [[File:Kalaripayattu performance 1.jpg|thumb|ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ]] === ᱜᱩᱨᱩ-ᱥᱤᱥᱭᱟ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ === ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩ-ᱥᱤᱥᱭᱟ'' ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="KD">{{Cite news |last=Khullar |first=Gagan |date=25 June 2019 |title=The ancient martial art of Kalaripayattu in Delhi |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fitness/the-ancient-martial-art-of-kalaripayattu-in-delhi/article28136442.ece |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ, ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱩᱞ'' ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|last=John|first=Shaji K.|url=https://www.academia.edu/29708005|title=Kalaripayattu: The Martial and Healing Art of Kerala|publisher=[[Academia.edu]]|year=2011|isbn=|location=Kottayam, Kerala|pages=19}}</ref> === ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱢᱚᱨ === ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱞ, ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱟ, ᱥᱟᱵ, ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ, ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1998}} ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱟᱨᱢᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ-ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱟ ᱛᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="KD" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=Jibin |last2=Christadoss |first2=B. Beneson Thilager |date=April 2020 |title=An Appraisal of Kalarippayattu and Its Association with the Culture of Kerala |url=http://www.bodhijournals.com/pdf/V4N3/Bodhi_V4N3_009.pdf |journal=Bodhi International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Science |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=1–2}}</ref> ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ, ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ, ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱨᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1979}} === ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ === [[File:Kalari poothara pooja - cropped.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ, ᱮᱭᱟᱭ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱠᱚᱬ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱪᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.keralatourism.org/kalaripayattu/training/poothara|title=Kalari Poothara - the seven-tiered platform &#124; Kalari Training &#124; Kalaripayattu and Kerala|website=Kalaripayattu}}</ref>]] ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱵᱟᱥᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱚ''<ref name="MH">{{Cite book|last=John|first=Shaji K.|url=https://www.academia.edu/29708005 |title=Kalaripayattu: The Martial and Healing Arts of Kerala|publisher=[[Academia.edu]] |year=2011 |location=Kottayam, Kerala|pages=21}}</ref>ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱢᱟᱯ (dimensions) ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱟᱦᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱜᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ''ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ'', ''ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ''ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ'' (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ" ᱥᱮ "ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱚᱛ") ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ-ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱞ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ-ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ''ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱷᱟ'' ᱥᱮ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ, ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ,{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1994}} ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ''ᱫᱷᱟᱛᱩ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱳᱥᱟ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱷᱟ'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ") ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ") ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱱᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ''ᱳᱴᱴᱟ'', ᱥᱮ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ-ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ''ᱯᱟᱫᱩᱠᱟ'', ᱥᱮ ᱯᱟᱱᱟᱦᱤ ᱫᱚ, ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱛᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="MH" /> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱫᱽᱨᱚᱠᱟᱞᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱜᱚᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sebastian|first=Shevlin|date=9 March 2014|title=Warrior On The Stage|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2014/mar/09/warrior-on-the-stage-583937.html|access-date=1 January 2021}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=8 June 2019|title=Kalarivathukkal Thirumudi Utsavam & Pooram Mahotsavam|url=http://www.keralaculture.org/kerala-festivals/pooram-thirumudi-utsavam/144/4|access-date=1 January 2021|website=Kerala Culture}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱱᱫᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱞᱚᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name="KD"/> === ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ === ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱯᱷᱚᱨᱢ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱪᱟᱠᱮᱴᱴᱟᱞ'' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱳᱭᱮᱱᱠᱞᱳᱛᱷ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Manoj|first=E. M.|date=3 October 2015|title=When Kalaripayattu dons new attire|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/when-kalaripayattu-dons-new-attire/article7718272.ece#|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱠᱩᱢ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ'', ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="AK" /> === ''ᱪᱩᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱤᱵᱷᱩ'' === ᱟᱭᱢᱟ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱳᱜᱟ, ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱟᱦᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱰ ᱥᱯᱮᱨᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1998}} ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱛᱷᱚᱠᱚᱞᱤ]] ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱞᱟᱥᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="Luijendijk 08">Luijendijk, D. H. (2008). ''[https://www.amazon.com/dp/1409226263 Kalarippayat: The Essence and Structure of an Indian Martial Art]'', Oprat, {{ISBN|978-1-4092-2626-0}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ (''ᱪᱩᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩ'') ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱥᱪᱟᱨᱢ (''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱤᱵᱷᱩ'') ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Kalaripayattu|url=https://www.topendsports.com/sport/list/kalaripayattu.htm|access-date=2020-12-22|website=Topend Sports}}</ref> ''ᱪᱩᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱤᱵᱷᱩ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱯᱳᱥᱪᱟᱨᱢ' ᱥᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱯᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ ᱚᱱᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱢᱮᱥᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1998}} === ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ === ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱟ ᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱤᱡ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ, ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮ-ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱴᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱥᱤᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ === ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱡᱽ === ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱢᱟᱪᱮᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱞᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱡᱽ (''ᱩᱡᱷᱤᱪᱤᱞ'') ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱛᱷᱤᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱥᱟᱡᱽ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱴᱪᱟ ᱛᱷᱤᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="auto"/> == ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ <span class="anchor" id="Techniques"></span> == ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{refn|group=note|''ᱦᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'' (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "[[ᱦᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ") ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ (speed) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ (technical application) ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱵᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'' (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "[[ᱵᱟᱞᱤ (ᱨᱟᱢᱟᱭᱚᱱ)|ᱵᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ") ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱮᱯᱞᱤᱠᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ''ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'' (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "[[ᱵᱷᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨ") ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="HA" />}} ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'', ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱷᱮᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱾''<ref>{{Cite web |title=About Kalaripayattu |url=https://kalaripayattuclass.com/about-kalaripayattu/ |access-date=2019-12-10 |website=Kalaripayattu Class |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327016876 |doi=10.1177/2455929618773388|title=Exploring the Relevance of Cultural Resource Management: A Case Study of Kalaripayattu |year=2018 |last1=Vinodan |first1=A. |last2=Meera |first2=S. |journal=Journal of Heritage Management |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=71–86 |s2cid=158232813}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.news18.com/news/india/kalaripayattu-to-have-a-mixed-syllabus-soon-463521.html |title=Kalaripayattu to have a mixed syllabus soon |date=9 April 2012}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'' (ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ "ᱦᱚᱨ" ᱥᱮ "ᱦᱚᱨᱟ") ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'', ''ᱵᱷᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱵᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱷᱤ'' ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref name="HA">{{Cite book |last=John|first=Shaji K. |url=https://www.academia.edu/29708005|title=Kalaripayattu: The Martial and Healing Arts of Kerala|publisher=[[Academia.edu]]|year=2011|isbn=|location=Kottayam, Kerala|pages=19–20}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'', ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ, ᱮᱲᱮ, ᱫᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱷᱮᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'', ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ, ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱠᱴ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤ-ᱛᱮ-ᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱨᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|last=Youseph|first=Ramon|date=2018-05-30|title=Martial Art of the Month: Kalaripayattu|url=https://kungfukingdom.com/martial-art-of-the-month-kalaripayattu/|access-date=2021-04-07|website=Kung-fu Kingdom|language=en-GB}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ, ᱥᱮ ''ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{sfnp|Green|2001}}<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cruz|first=Edmund|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OCJiDwAAQBAJ|title=Health, Longevity and the Martial Arts|publisher=Authorhouse|year=2018|isbn=9781546239796|location=|pages=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Luijendijk|first=Dick|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hISikpYZ9hYC|title=Kalarippayat|publisher=Lulu.com|date=July 2005|isbn=9781409226260|location=|pages=}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱛᱩᱞᱩᱱᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱴᱴᱩᱠᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱞᱩ ᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱤᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ''ᱫᱨᱳᱱᱟᱢᱵᱟᱞᱞᱤ'', ''ᱳᱰᱤᱢᱩᱨᱟᱥᱥᱮᱨᱤ'', ''ᱛᱩᱞᱩ ᱱᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱷᱟ ᱢᱩᱨᱟ'', ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱟᱭᱭᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ'' ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://kalaripayattuclass.com/manoeuvre-tryst-with-kalaripayattu-veteran-sri-srd-prasad-gurukkal-of-bharat-kalari/ |title=Manoeuvre tryst with Kalaripayattu Veteran Sri SRD Prasad Gurukkal of Bharat Kalari |date=26 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.indiavideo.org/kerala/arts/onathallu-marital-art--2985.php|title = Onathallu, Kayyankali, Martial art, Entertainment, Kerala, India, Video}}</ref><!-- Kalaripayattu has three forms, which are distinguished by their attacking and defensive patterns. They are ''Arappa Kayy'', ''Pilla Thangi'', and ''Vatten Thiripp''. --> === ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ <span class="anchor" id="Northern kalaripayattu"></span> === ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ "ᱟᱥᱚᱞ" ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akundi |first=Sweta |date=30 July 2018 |title=The 'kalari' burner |work=[[The Hindu]] |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/fitness/the-kalari-burner/article24551272.ece |access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱱᱱᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱᱟᱢ'' ᱥᱞᱳᱜᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ" ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ''ᱢᱮᱭᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ'' (ᱠᱟᱨᱟᱴᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱟ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ) ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ''ᱢᱮᱭᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱨᱩ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱮᱭᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ'' (ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥ), ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ''ᱠᱳᱞᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ'' (ᱠᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ), ''ᱟᱱᱜᱟᱛᱷᱟᱨᱤ'' (ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ) ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ''ᱵᱷᱮᱨᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱭ'' (ᱥᱟᱫᱟ ᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ) ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|last=Anima|first=P.|date=30 May 2014|title=I am... Radhika M, Kalaripayattu Instructor|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/I-am...-Radhika-M-Kalaripayattu-Instructor/article11643987.ece|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱠᱚᱫᱚ (ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ) ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱠᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kerala.me/specialities/art-and-culture/kalaripayattu|title=Kalaripayattu {{!}} Art & Culture of Kerala|website=Kerala Tourist Information|language=en-US|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=2019-12-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191210213728/https://www.kerala.me/specialities/art-and-culture/kalaripayattu|url-status=dead}}</ref> === ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ <span class="anchor" id="Southern kalaripayattu"></span> === ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ''ᱛᱷᱮᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱛᱭᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱫᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱨᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱫᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱫᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite book|last1=DeMarco|first1=Michael|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d_cPEAAAQBAJ|title=Martial and Healing Traditions of India|last2=Zarrilli|last3=Nongmaithem|last4=Dipl|publisher=Independently Published|year=2020|isbn=9798694263177|pages=6|chapter=1|quote=The linguistic, social, religious, historical, technical and geographical differences briefly recounted above suggest that kalarippayattu and varma ati are closely related but distinct systems of martial practice. Historically, it is probable that the similarity between the two arts depended entirely on proximity, with the kalarippayattu styles and traditions of Malabar quite distinct from those of Tamil practitioners, while those in southern Kerala were not only similar to one another, but were probably mixed styles of practice.}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱛᱭᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱭᱟᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=April 2021}} ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱤ-ᱛᱮ-ᱛᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ, ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱤᱢᱯᱮᱠᱴ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|date=21 December 2020|title=Kalari makes its first move Down Under|work=The Indian Sun|url=https://www.theindiansun.com.au/2014/08/11/kalari-makes-first-move/|access-date=21 December 2020}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱪᱩᱵᱷᱟᱫᱩ'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱣᱟᱭ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱩᱰᱳ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="EK" /> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ, ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱯᱮᱨᱤᱝ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱮᱦᱚᱵᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ, ᱛᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱯᱮᱨᱤᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱮᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟ'' ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ (ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱭᱮᱱᱴ) ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱭᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱮ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://agasthyakalari.org/html/kalari-kerala.htm|title=Agasthya Kalari – for Siddha Treatments, Kalari Marma Treatments and offers training in Kalari strictly based on ancient scripts – located in Cochin, Kerala, India|website=Agasthya Bharatha Kalari|access-date=2019-12-10|archive-date=25 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191125233034/http://www.agasthyakalari.org/html/kalari-kerala.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == ''ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱚᱢ'' – ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱞ == ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱨᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ''ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱢ'' (ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ) ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮ-ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱠᱮᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱸᱥᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ-ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ''ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱥᱟᱥᱛᱨᱚᱢ'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ (''ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱪᱤᱠᱤᱛᱥᱟ'') ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Marma Therapy |website=National Health Portal of India|url=https://www.nhp.gov.in/marma-therapy_mtl|access-date=2020-12-22|archive-date=27 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027234126/https://www.nhp.gov.in/marma-therapy_mtl|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱫᱫᱷᱟ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱞᱳᱪᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱩᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱢ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱜᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱚᱨᱡᱚ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾{{Citation needed|date=February 2021}} ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱨᱤᱜᱽ ᱵᱮᱫᱽ'' ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱨᱤᱛᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ''ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱵᱚ ᱵᱮᱫᱽ'' ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Subhash Ranade (1993). ''Natural Healing Through Ayurveda'' (p. 161). Passage Press. Utah USA.</ref> ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱠᱟᱵᱽᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱤᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱨᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾{{sfnp|Zarrilli|1994}} ᱥᱩᱥᱨᱩᱛᱟ (c. ᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ BCE) ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ''ᱥᱩᱥᱨᱩᱛᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ'' ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑᱐᱗ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱯ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>G. D. Singhal, L. V. Guru (1973). ''Anatomical and Obstetrical Considerations in Ancient Indian Surgery Based on Sarira-Sthana of Susruta Samhita''.</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱑᱐᱗ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱖᱔ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱡᱩᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱴᱷᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱷᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱤᱠ ᱥᱟᱺᱦᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱞ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="Svinth">J. R. Svinth (2002). [http://ejmas.com/kronos "A Chronological History of the Martial Arts and Combative Sports"]. {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101228093034/http://ejmas.com/kronos/ |date=28 December 2010 }} ''Electronic Journals of Martial Arts and Sciences''.</ref> ᱥᱩᱥᱨᱩᱛᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ-ᱢᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱱ ᱰᱤᱥᱤᱯᱞᱤᱱ ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱛ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱫᱤ ᱾ == ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱵᱳᱰᱤ (bodies) ᱠᱚ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱛᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ (IKF) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱵᱳᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱣᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱳᱰ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|title=Kalaripayattu eyes Olympics berth|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/kalaripayattu-eyes-olympics-berth/article8634888.ece|access-date=19 November 2020|work=[[The Hindu]]|date=23 May 2016}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ , ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱡᱷᱤᱠᱳᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱵᱳᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱳᱞᱤᱢᱯᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="ranking">{{cite news|author=Express Features|title=Kacha Grading System to be introduced for Kalaripayattu|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2013/jul/15/kacha-grading-system-to-be-introduced-for-kalaripayattu-496837.html|access-date=19 November 2020|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=15 July 2013}}</ref> ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱛᱯᱩᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱮᱥᱳᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱵᱳᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱥᱯᱳᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱥᱤᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|author=Express News Service|title=Kalari Training by Fake Bodies Alleged|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2014/jun/30/kalari-training-by-fake-bodies-alleged-630393.html|access-date=19 November 2020|work=[[The New Indian Express]]|date=30 June 2014}}</ref> == ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ == ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ (᱑᱘᱕᱐-᱑᱙᱓᱕), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱨᱳᱱᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="MW">{{Cite news|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=K. K.|date=2018-10-04|title=Meet the Malabar warrior, S.R.D. Prasad Gurukkal|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/entertainment/dance/meet-the-malabar-warrior-kalarippayattu-exponent-srd-prasad-gurukkal/article25122777.ece|access-date=2021-05-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref><ref name="KK">{{Cite news|last=Gopalakrishnan|first=K. K.|date=2011-02-10|title=King of Kalarippayattu|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/dance/King-of-Kalarippayattu/article15285978.ece|access-date=2021-05-23|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ᱪᱟᱢᱵᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱴᱤᱞ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ (᱑᱙᱐᱕-᱑᱙᱔᱔), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱴᱴᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ "CVN" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ গᱚᱴᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ CVN ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name="MW" /> ᱪᱤᱨᱟᱠᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤ. ᱥᱨᱤᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ (᱑᱙᱐᱙-᱑᱙᱘᱔), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'', ᱟᱨ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ (ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ) ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ, ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ'', ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱭᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱓᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="KK" /> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ – ᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱞᱤᱴ ᱜᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱴᱩ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ'ᱥ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱾'' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="KK" /> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱤᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱢᱤᱱᱟᱠᱥᱤ ᱟᱢᱢᱟ,<ref name="SF">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/av/magazine-37038134/the-sword-fighting-granny-showing-the-young-how-it-s-done|title = The sword-fighting granny|work = BBC News}}</ref><ref name="OD">{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/society/history-and-culture/meenakshi-amma-the-grand-old-dame-of-kalaripayattu/article25307782.ece|title=Meet Meenakshi Amma, the grand old dame of Kalaripayattu|newspaper=The Hindu|date=25 October 2018|last1=Sathyendran|first1=Nita}}</ref> ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱗᱓ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨᱟᱱ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'' ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱝᱠᱚᱨᱟ ᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱱᱫᱟᱭᱤᱞ,<ref>{{Cite news|date=2022-01-26|title=An ambassador for Kalaripayattu worldwide|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/kerala/an-ambassador-for-kalaripayattu-worldwide/article38326385.ece|access-date=2022-01-28|issn=0971-751X}}</ref> ᱪᱟᱵᱷᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ''ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟᱞ'', ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚᱥᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮᱠᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ == ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ == [[File:JasmineSimhalan-kalaripayatt-silamb.gif|right|ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱤᱥᱴ [[ᱡᱟᱥᱢᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱢᱦᱟᱞᱟᱱ]] ''ᱢᱮᱭᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ'' ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ |frame]]ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤᱠ ᱱᱳᱵᱷᱮᱞ ''ᱳᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱳᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ II – ᱭᱩᱫᱽᱫᱷᱟᱢ'' ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱮᱞ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱤᱡᱤᱞᱟᱱᱴᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱖ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱰᱟᱞ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴ (set) ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|last1=Chhibber|first1=Mini Anthikad|date=24 August 2014|title=An equal music|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/writer-suhas-sundar-and-artist-deepak-sharma-feel-they-work-better-as-a-team/article6345035.ece|access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref> ''ᱞᱤᱴᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱣᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨᱥ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱩᱱᱡᱽ ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱩᱱ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱨᱴᱩᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ''ᱚᱨᱡᱩᱱ: ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱤᱱᱥ'' (᱒᱐᱑᱒) ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱞ-ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱤᱝ ᱜᱮᱢ ''ᱟᱥᱣᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢᱟ – ᱫᱟ ᱤᱢᱢᱳᱨᱴᱟᱞ'' ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱳᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱳᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱯᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ''ᱥᱴᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥ'' ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱱᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱮᱥᱣᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''ᱥᱳᱞᱠᱮᱞᱤᱵᱟᱨ'' ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱳᱞᱰᱳ, ''ᱰᱮᱛᱷ ᱵᱮᱴᱮᱞ'' ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱩᱨᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟ ᱴᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ''ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱪᱤ: ᱫᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱴᱤᱭᱮᱥᱴ ᱰᱤᱥᱟᱭᱯᱚᱞ'' ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱞ ᱨᱚᱦᱢᱟᱱ, ᱤᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱳ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="cartoons">{{cite news|last=Nair|first=Shreejaya|title=Comics go the Kalari way |url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/150911/lifestyle-offbeat/article/comics-go-kalari-way|access-date=20 November 2020|work=[[Deccan Chronicle]]|date=12 September 2015}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟ, ''ᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤ'' ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱵᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|author=TNN|date=25 May 2019|title=Kalaripayattu warrior Ravi to be the first Indian character in Manga comic|work=[[The Times of India]]|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bengaluru/kalaripayattu-warrior-ravi-to-be-first-indian-character-in-manga-comic/articleshow/68552880.cms|access-date=19 November 2020}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱫᱤᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱯᱷᱟᱨᱮᱱᱥ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱛᱟᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟᱱ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱥᱤ. ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ''ᱫᱟ ᱣᱮ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱨ'' ᱾<ref>Archived at [https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211205/Dmt0WTZfKI0 Ghostarchive]{{cbignore}} and the [https://web.archive.org/web/20200129025454/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dmt0WTZfKI0 Wayback Machine]{{cbignore}}: {{cite AV media| url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dmt0WTZfKI0| title = The Way of the Warrior: Kalari, The Indian Way | website=[[YouTube]]| date = 17 September 2011 }}{{cbignore}}</ref> ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱒ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱚᱠᱭᱩᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|title=Fight Quest India (Kalarippayattu) |website=IMDb|date=26 September 2008|url=http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1298941/|access-date=2020-12-22}}</ref> === ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱨᱮ === ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ: {{colbegin}} *''ᱛᱷᱟᱪᱳᱞᱤ ᱳᱛᱷᱮᱱᱟᱱ'' (᱑᱙᱖᱔) *''[[ᱟᱨᱳᱢᱟᱞᱩᱱᱱᱤ]]'' (᱑᱙᱗᱒) *''[[ᱳᱱᱫᱟᱱᱳᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱫᱟᱞᱞᱤ]]'' ([[ᱠᱚᱱᱱᱚᱰᱚ]]) (᱑᱙᱗᱘) *''[[ᱪᱤᱞᱟᱢᱵᱩ]]'' (᱑᱙᱘᱖) *''[[ᱳᱨᱩ ᱵᱷᱟᱫᱟᱠᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱟᱜᱟᱛᱷᱟ]]'' (᱑᱙᱘᱙) *''[[ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱯᱯᱟᱞᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱱᱮ]]'' (᱑᱙᱙᱑) *''[[ᱛᱷᱟᱪᱳᱞᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱜᱷᱤᱥ ᱪᱮᱠᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨ]]'' (᱑᱙᱙᱕) *''[[ᱚᱥᱳᱠᱟ (᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱚᱥᱳᱠᱟ]]'' (᱒᱐᱐᱑) ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]) *''[[ᱫᱟ ᱢᱤᱛᱷ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱫᱟ ᱢᱤᱛᱷ]]'' (᱒᱐᱐᱕) ([[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]) *''[[ᱫᱟ ᱞᱟᱥᱴ ᱞᱤᱡᱚᱱ]]'' (᱒᱐᱐᱗) ([[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]) *''[[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱥᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱡᱷᱟᱥᱥᱤ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ]]'' (᱒᱐᱐᱙) *''[[ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱥᱟᱨᱟ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱐) ([[ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ]]) * ''[[ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱤ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱩᱨᱩᱢᱤ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱑) * ''[[ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱱᱰᱳ (᱒᱐১৩ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱱᱰᱳ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱓) ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]) * ''[[ᱵᱟᱡᱤᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱕) ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]) * ''[[ᱵᱟᱜᱷᱤ (᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱵᱟᱜᱷᱤ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱖) ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]) * ''[[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱟᱢ (᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱟᱢ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱖) * ''[[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱟᱵᱚᱛ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱘) ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]) * ''[[ᱠᱟᱭᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱳᱪᱩᱱᱱᱤ (᱒᱐᱑᱘ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱠᱟᱭᱟᱢᱠᱩᱞᱟᱢ ᱠᱳᱪᱩᱱᱱᱤ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱘) * ''[[ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤ (᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱡᱟᱝᱜᱽᱞᱤ]]'' (᱒᱐১৯) ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]) * ''[[ᱟᱛᱷᱤᱨᱟᱱ]]'' (᱒᱐᱑᱙) * ''[[ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱠ]]'' (᱒᱐᱒᱑) ([[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ]]) * ''[[ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ-ᱢᱮᱱ: ᱮᱠᱨᱳᱥ ᱫᱟ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱰᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥ]]'' (᱒᱐᱒᱓) ([[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]]) * ''[[ARM (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)|ᱚᱡᱚᱭᱟᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱱᱫᱟᱢ ᱢᱳᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]'' (᱒᱐᱒᱔) * ''[[ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱫᱟᱨᱤ (ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱢ)]]'' (᱒᱐᱒᱕) {{colend}} == ᱱᱳᱴᱥ == {{reflist|group=note|35em|refs= <!-- P --> <!-- "Parashurama" --> {{refn|group=note|name="Parashurama"|ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ: * {{harvtxt|Green|2001|p=225}}: "ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭᱤᱡ-ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ ᱾" * {{harvtxt|Zarrilli|1998|p=31}}: "ᱢᱚᱪᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱮ, ᱨᱤᱥᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾"}} }} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ == {{Reflist}} == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ == {{refbegin}} <!-- A --> * {{cite journal | last1=Arafath | first1=P. K. Yasser | title=The Nadapuram Enigma a History of Violence and Communalism in North Malabar (1957–2015) | journal=Economic and Political Weekly | volume=51 | issue=15 | date=9 April 2016 | url=https://www.academia.edu/24354760 }}<!-- G --> * {{cite book| last =Green | first =Thomas A. | year =2001 | title =Martial Arts of the World: A–Q | publisher =ABC-CLIO | isbn =9781576071502 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=v32oHSE5t6cC}}<!-- M --> * {{Cite book | last =Menon | first=A. Sreedhara | date =4 March 2011 | title =Kerala History and its Makers | publisher =D. C. Books | isbn =978-81-264-3782-5 | language =en | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=wnAjqjhc1VcC | access-date =10 October 2021}}<!-- S --> * {{Cite book | last =Shaji | first =John K. | year =2011 | title =Kalaripayattu: The Martial and Healing Arts of Kerala | publisher=Published by the author | url =https://www.academia.edu/29708005}}<!-- W --> * {{cite book|last=Wollok|first=Jenniffer G.|year=2011|title=Rethinking Chivalry and Courtly Love|publisher=ABC Publishing|isbn=9780275984885|page=250|language=English|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=orTn7RpmyZIC&dq=thiyyas+martial+arts&pg=PA250|access-date=18 January 2022}}<!-- Z --> * {{cite journal | last =Zarrilli | first =Phillip B. | year =1979 | title =Kalarippayatt, Martial Art of Kerala | journal =The Drama Review | volume =23 | issue =2 | pages =113–124 | doi =10.2307/1145220 | jstor =1145220 | url =https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/the-drama-review-tdr/article/abs/kalarippayatt-martial-art-of-kerala/3A948AB69C08CF861B11679A51F7DA06 | url-access =subscription }} * {{cite journal | last =Zarrilli | first =Phillip B. | year =1992 | title =To Heal and/or To Harm: The Vital Spots (Marmmam/Varmam) in Two South Indian Martial Traditions Part I: Focus on Kerala's Kalarippayattu | journal =[[Journal of Asian Martial Arts]] | volume =1 | issue =1 | url =https://spa.exeter.ac.uk/drama/staff/kalari/healharm.html | archive-date =2023-06-01 | access-date =2026-08-12 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20230601082829/https://spa.exeter.ac.uk/drama/staff/kalari/healharm.html | url-status =dead }} * {{cite journal | last =Zarrilli | first =Phillip B. | year =1994 | title =A South Indian Martial art and the Yoga and Ayurvedic Paradigms | journal =Journal of Asian Martial Arts | url =https://spa.exeter.ac.uk/drama/staff/kalari/power.html | archive-date =16 September 2008 | access-date =23 February 2023 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20080916172804/https://spa.exeter.ac.uk/drama/staff/kalari/power.html | url-status =dead }}{{issue needed|date=June 2025}} * {{cite book | last =Zarrilli | first =Phillip B. | year =1998 | title =When the Body Becomes All Eyes: Paradigms, Discourses, and Practices of Power in Kalarippayattu, a South Indian Martial Art | publisher =Oxford University Press | isbn =9780195639407 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=EP6BAAAAMAAJ }} {{refend}} == ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱟᱱ, ᱯᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱕) ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ: ᱫᱟ ᱮᱱᱥᱤᱭᱮᱱᱴ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ'', ᱥᱤ. ᱵᱷᱤ. ᱜᱳᱵᱷᱤᱱᱫᱟᱱᱠᱩᱴᱴᱤ ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱨᱩᱠᱠᱟ ᱑᱙᱙᱕, {{ASIN|B0006F9ONS}} * ᱰᱮᱱᱳᱰ, ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ (᱑᱙᱙᱖) ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴ'', ᱵᱩᱰᱳᱥᱴᱳᱨ, {{ISBN|2-908580-62-4}} * ᱮᱞᱜᱩᱰ, ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ (᱒᱐᱐᱕), ''ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨᱢᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱤᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞ: ᱟᱨᱢᱥ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨᱢᱳᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱚᱢ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱑᱔᱐᱐-᱑᱘᱖᱕'', ᱮᱵᱩᱨᱳᱱ, {{ISBN|90-5972-020-2}} * ᱡᱟᱨᱨᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯ ᱵᱤ. (᱑᱙᱙᱒) "[https://spa.exeter.ac.uk/drama/staff/kalari/healharm.html ᱴᱩ ᱦᱤᱞ ᱮᱱᱰ/ᱚᱨ ᱴᱩ ᱦᱟᱨᱢ: ᱫᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱴᱟᱞ ᱥᱯᱚᱴᱥ ᱤᱱ ᱴᱩ ᱥᱟᱣᱩᱛᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱰᱤᱥᱚᱱᱥ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601082829/https://spa.exeter.ac.uk/drama/staff/kalari/healharm.html |date=2023-06-01 }}" * ᱡᱟᱨᱨᱤᱞᱞᱤ, ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯ ᱵᱤ. (᱑᱙᱙᱓), "[https://web.archive.org/web/20070628182657/http://www.phillipzarrilli.com/downloads/actualizing_power.pdf ᱮᱠᱪᱩᱣᱟᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱠᱨᱟᱯᱷᱴᱤᱝ ᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱯᱷ ᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ]"'', [[ᱡᱚᱨᱱᱟᱞ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ]]'' == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == {{Commons category|Kalarippayattu}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20171027154055/http://prd.kerala.gov.in/kalarippayatu.htm ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ - ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ], ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ([[Wayback Machine]] ᱠᱚᱯᱤ) * [https://youtube.com/@ParasuramaKalari?si=APJlGs0Sqrm24Js0 ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱟᱞᱟᱨᱤᱯᱯᱟᱭᱟᱴᱴᱩ| ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱴᱥ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ]] ciwvf5lzshbkecr7opjg9vv42lw6q9r 0 37903 198810 197282 2026-10-03T04:02:50Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198810 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ}} {{Infobox person | name = ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ | image = | image_upright = | landscape = | alt = | caption = | birth_date = {{birth year and age|1945}} | birth_place = [[ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ, ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ|ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ]], [[ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱤᱰᱮᱱᱥᱤ]], [[ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] (ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ, [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ) | other_names = | siglum = | citizenship = | education = ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ ᱮᱥ ᱥᱤ | alma_mater = | occupation = ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ | organization = [[ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ]]<br>[[ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] | agent = | known_for = ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱚᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ | spouse = | partner = | children = | awards = [[ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ]] (᱒᱐᱑᱐) }} '''ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱳᱫᱤᱫᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱙᱔᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱᱮᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ, ᱤᱱᱰᱚᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱷᱩᱱᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱮᱱᱴ, ᱰᱮᱴᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ, ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱥᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱢᱮᱥᱭᱩᱴᱤᱠᱥ, ᱯᱮᱠᱡᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=SRIJAN March - 2010 |url=http://srimca.edu.in/SRIJAN/Srijanmar2010/Biography.html |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=srimca.edu.in |archive-date=2014-08-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140805222404/http://srimca.edu.in/srijan/Srijanmar2010/Biography.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ, ᱦᱩᱨᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱱᱮᱴᱣᱟᱨᱠ ᱙᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Karsanbhai Patel|url=https://www.forbes.com/profile/karsanbhai-patel/|access-date=11 May 2021|website=Forbes|language=en}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱩᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Shah |first1=Vrutika |title=How a Gujarati businessman went from making detergent in his backyard to building a Rs 2500 crore empire |url=https://www.gqindia.com/get-smart/content/nirma-success-story-gujarati-businessman-nirma-detergent-karsanbhai-patel |publisher=[[GQ India]] |date=January 24, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250907122654/https://www.gqindia.com/get-smart/content/nirma-success-story-gujarati-businessman-nirma-detergent-karsanbhai-patel |archive-date=September 7, 2025 |access-date=August 22, 2026 |url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱦᱟᱞᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=pib1/> ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ, ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ|ᱯᱟᱴᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱥ.ᱥᱤ. ᱯᱟᱥ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱩ ᱠᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱱᱤᱝ ᱰᱤᱯᱟᱨᱴᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱑᱙᱖᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱣᱰᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ - ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱰᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱮ ᱫᱩᱣᱟᱹᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱮᱠᱮᱴ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=From Selling Detergent On Bicycle To Running Rs 7,000 Cr Business: Read Karsanbhai Patel |url=https://www.india.com/business/from-selling-detergent-on-bicycle-to-running-rs-7000-cr-business-read-karsanbhai-patels-nirma-detergent-powder-inspiring-story-6115586/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=www.india.com |language=en}}</ref> ᱓ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱤᱞᱳᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ, (ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱤᱥ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ), ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news | author =Swati Daftuar | title = ...and then NIRMA stormed in | quote = His Nirma, derived with love from the name of his daughter Nirupama, was going to be “Sabki Pasand Nirma”. | newspaper = The Hindu | date = 2 November 2014 | url =http://www.thehindu.com/features/metroplus/society/and-then-nirma-stormed-in/article6555533.ece?google_editors_picks=true }}</ref> ᱯᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱨᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱨᱟᱱᱰ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱥᱮᱜᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨᱯᱷ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱞᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱓ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱟᱥᱟᱠ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱰᱟᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ (ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱔,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ) ᱾ ᱵᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱮᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱪᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱚᱨᱯᱷᱟ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱜᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱛᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱮᱢᱯᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱩᱛᱷᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱮᱜᱽᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱥᱩᱫᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱵᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯᱵᱩᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱴ ᱛᱮ, ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐% ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱕% ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱴᱭᱩᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Nirma Institute of Technology. Overview |url=https://nirmauni.ac.in/about/nerf-at-a-glance/overview/ |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=nirmauni.ac.in}}</ref> ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱷᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱚᱞᱚᱡᱤ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ, ᱩᱫᱽᱭᱚᱜᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱟᱹᱠᱷᱩᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱟᱵᱽᱱᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱶᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱱᱤᱨᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ:<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.nirma.co.in/genesis.htm |title = Nirma group home page: Genesis |date = 2004 |access-date = 24 November 2006 |archive-date = 21 November 2006 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061121114528/http://www.nirma.co.in/genesis.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱨᱟᱠᱮᱥ ᱠᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ (ᱮᱢ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮ) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱡᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱦᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱮ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱮᱢᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱤᱱᱡᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢ.ᱵᱤ.ᱮ, ᱫᱚᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱯᱮᱥ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱨᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ (ᱱᱤᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ== ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱵᱽᱥ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=#92 Karsanbhai Patel |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/77/india-billionaires-09_Karsanbhai-Patel_LCYW.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091214100457/https://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/77/india-billionaires-09_Karsanbhai-Patel_LCYW.html |archive-date=2009-12-14 |access-date=2026-04-02 |website=www.forbes.com |language=en}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱞᱚᱨᱤᱰᱟ ᱟᱴᱞᱟᱱᱴᱤᱠ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱰᱚᱠᱴᱚᱨᱮᱴ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱮᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱮᱥᱚᱥᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱥᱢᱚᱞ ᱥᱠᱮᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ (FASII), ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ "ᱩᱫᱽᱭᱚᱜᱽ ᱨᱚᱛᱱᱚ" ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱪᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱠᱚᱢᱟᱨᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱩᱱᱤ "ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱥᱟᱵᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱴᱚᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱥᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱐ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱾<ref name=pib1>{{cite press release |title=This Year's Padma Awards announced |url=http://www.pib.nic.in/release/release.asp?relid=57307 |publisher=[[Ministry of Home Affairs (India)|Ministry of Home Affairs]] |date=25 January 2010 |access-date=25 January 2010}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱵᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱴᱤᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱗ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱔᱐ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱥᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱰᱟᱱᱤ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱚᱩᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱫᱟᱱᱤ|ᱜᱳᱣᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱰᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱭᱰᱟᱥ ᱜᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱚᱴᱚᱨ [[ᱯᱚᱸᱠᱚᱡᱽ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ]] ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Umat |first1=Ajay |title=Detergent king acquires Rs 40cr chopper |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/detergent-king-acquires-rs-40cr-chopper/articleshow/20468386.cms |publisher=[[Times of India]] |date=June 7, 2013}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱵᱽᱥ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ($᱓.᱖ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/india-rich-list-2017/1655/1|title = India Rich List 2017 – Forbes India Magazine}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱵᱽᱥ ᱯᱟᱛᱷᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ ($᱓.᱙ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ) ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/india-rich-list-2019/1807/all|title=Forbes India Rich List 2019 – Forbes India Magazine|access-date=2026-08-22|archive-date=2023-09-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230926162745/https://www.forbesindia.com/lists/india-rich-list-2019/1807/all|url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱙ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱩᱫᱳᱜᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱖.᱐᱕ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱔᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 Oct 2024 |title=India's 100 Richest |url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/india-billionaires/ |website=India’s 100 Richest}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱯᱟᱴᱮᱞ, ᱠᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱᱵᱷᱟᱭ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱮᱦᱥᱟᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱰᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽᱢᱚ ᱥᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] 9xscbru0k0mewg04vh40hjkvn6a71rt 0 38149 198799 198415 2026-10-02T23:15:22Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198799 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group | group = ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ | image = Tangkhul Men Folk Dance - 2024.jpg | image_caption = ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱚᱜ ᱵᱟᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱱᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ | population = ᱑,᱗᱘,᱕᱖᱘ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Tangkhul |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/18/language/nmf/ |website=[[Ethnologue]]}}</ref> | region1 = [[ᱩᱠᱷᱨᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]], [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | region2 = {{flag|Burma}} | languages = [[ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]], [[ᱥᱳᱨᱵᱩᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱳᱨᱵᱩᱝ]], [[ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱷᱟᱞᱟᱢ]] | religions = [[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ]], [[ᱮᱱᱤᱢᱤᱡᱚᱢ]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/language/ntx|title=Tangkhul}}</ref> | related = [[ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱟᱨᱤᱝ]], [[ᱠᱷᱚᱭᱵᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱩᱭᱯᱳ]], [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱠᱩᱠᱤ-ᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ|ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]], [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱪᱤᱱ]] | footnotes = }} '''ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ''' ᱠᱚᱫᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ''' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]] ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱠᱷᱨᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱠᱷᱨᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱢᱡᱚᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱲᱥᱤ [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱟᱹᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱠᱚ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ "ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ" ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>Khamrang, Khayaipam (2000) "The Tangkhul Naga Tribe between Tradition and Modernity" pp. 37&ndash;71, [https://books.google.com/books?id=6cHQHThtD20C&pg=PA49 page 49], ''In'' Frei, Fritz (editor) (2000) ''Inkulturation zwischen Tradition und Modernität: Kontext, Begriffe, Modelle'' Freiberg University Press, Freiberg, Switzerland, {{ISBN|3-7278-1292-3}}</ref> "ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ "ᱛᱟᱝ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱠᱚᱢ" ᱟᱨ "ᱠᱷᱩᱞ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱹᱛᱩ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Sanyu |first=Visier |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1D1uAAAAMAAJ&q=meitei+language+influence+on+tangkhul |title=A History of Nagas and Nagaland: Dynamics of Oral Tradition in Village Formation |date=1996 |publisher=Commonwealth Publishers |others=[[University of Michigan]] |isbn=978-81-7169-369-6 |pages=25 |language=en |quote=... a sparse nature of settlement that the Tangkhul tribe got its name. In Meitei language-literally, Tang means scarce and khul means village.}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, "ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ "ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱠᱷᱩᱞ" ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱛᱮ "ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Shimray |first=A. S. W. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E1MwAQAAIAAJ&q=Meitei+language+Tang+Khul |title=History of the Tangkhul Nagas |date=2001 |publisher=Akansha Publishing House |isbn=978-81-87606-04-8 |pages=43 |language=en |quote=... the village which they lived was known by the name 'THANKHUL' meaning Than - Village in Meitei language. Therefore, the name 'TANGKHUL' is derived from Than - Khul ...}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Lisam |first=Khomdan Singh |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z6d-IyINtk4C&dq=Meitei+language+Tang+Khul&pg=PA516 |title=Encyclopaedia Of Manipur (3 Vol.) |publisher= Gyan Publishing House|year=2011 |isbn=978-81-7835-864-2 |pages=516 |language=en |quote=The name Tangkhul was given to them by the Meiteis. There are many legends regarding the origin of the word Tangkhul.}}</ref> == ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ == [[File:HAOREIMA STATUE.jpg|thumb|[[ᱦᱟᱣᱨᱮᱭᱢᱟ]] ᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱨᱛᱤ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ|ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱠᱪᱤᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱠᱪᱤᱝ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ]] [[ᱦᱟᱣᱨᱮᱭᱢᱟ]], ᱫᱩᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱟᱹᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ, ᱫᱚ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱢᱩᱞ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟᱭᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hareshwar Goshwami |url=https://archive.org/details/hareshwar-goshwami-history-of-the-people-of-manipur/page/214/mode/2up?q=Haoreima |title=History of the People of Manipur |publisher=Yaol Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-9993057-0-3 |edition=Revised |location=London |pages=214–215 |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Hareshwar Goshwami |url=https://archive.org/details/hareshwar-goshwami-history-of-the-people-of-manipur/page/216/mode/2up?q=Haoreima |title=History of the People of Manipur |publisher=Yaol Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-9993057-0-3 |edition=Revised |location=London |pages=216–217 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱝᱫᱟᱭ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱧᱡᱷᱤ ''ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱮᱢᱵᱟ'' ᱭᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱮᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱝᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱧᱡᱷᱤ ''ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱞᱟᱝᱵᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{efn|ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱞᱟᱝᱵᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ [[ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ "ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱞᱟᱝᱵᱟ" ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱟᱝᱞᱮᱭᱯᱟᱠ]] ([[ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ]]) ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱠᱷᱟᱢᱞᱟᱝᱵᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ''ᱢᱮᱭᱫᱤᱝᱜᱩ ᱛᱟᱵᱩᱝᱵᱟ'', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ''ᱛᱟᱵᱩᱝ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟᱵᱟ'' (᱑᱓᱕᱙-᱑᱓᱙᱔ ᱥᱤ.ᱤ.) ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hareshwar Goshwami |url=https://archive.org/details/hareshwar-goshwami-history-of-the-people-of-manipur/page/214/mode/2up?q=Haoreima |title=History of the People of Manipur |publisher=Yaol Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-9993057-0-3 |edition=Revised |location=London |pages=214–215 |language=en-GB}}</ref> ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱨᱮᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱩᱨ ᱮ ᱫᱩᱠᱷ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱝᱞᱮᱭ ᱯᱩᱝᱢᱟᱭᱳᱞ'' (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱤᱢᱯᱷᱚᱞ) ᱛᱮᱭ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱡᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱜᱩᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱩᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱟᱹᱴᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱤᱨᱮᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱭᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱷᱳᱭᱵᱤ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱚᱵᱚᱛᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{Cite book |last=Hareshwar Goshwami |url=https://archive.org/details/hareshwar-goshwami-history-of-the-people-of-manipur/page/216/mode/2up?q=Haoreima |title=History of the People of Manipur |publisher=Yaol Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-9993057-0-3 |edition=Revised |location=London |pages=216–217 |language=en-GB}}</ref> == ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱞᱚᱝ == ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱞᱚᱝ, ᱑᱙᱒᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ,<ref>{{citation |first=Ch. Sekholal |last=Kom |title=Militancy and Negotiations: A Study of Suspension of Operation in Manipur |journal=Journal of Peace Studies |volume=18 |number=1–2 |date=January-June 2011 |page=73 |url=https://www.icpsnet.org/journal/archives/2011Jan-Art6.pdf |ref={{sfnref|Kom, Militancy and Negotiations|2011}}}}</ref> ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>Divya Bahn, [https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2019/Oct/17/memorial-stones-spark-row-in-manipur-as-kukis-accused-of-distorting-history-2049019.html Memorial stones spark row in Manipur as Kukis accused of distorting history], The New Indian Express, 17 October 2019.</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱧᱡᱷᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Former TNL President">[https://thefrontiermanipur.com/former-tnl-president-decides-to-enter-electoral-fray-in-phungyar-ac/ Former TNL president decides to enter electoral fray in Phungyar AC], The Frontier Manipur, 13 October 2021.</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱸᱥ ᱮ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱝᱠᱷᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ᱾<ref>[https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/manipur/manipur-tangkhul-naga-long-submits-14-point-demand-charter-to-cm-during-his-ukhrul-visit/ Manipur: Tangkhul Naga Long Submits 14-Point Demand Charter to CM During His Ukhrul Visit], Northeast Live, 17 April 2026.</ref> ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱦᱚᱯᱠᱤᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ. ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="Former TNL President"/> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ '''ᱥᱣᱚᱨᱰ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱩᱢ''' ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾<ref>Angana Chakrabarti, Robinson Wahengbam, [https://www.reporters-collective.in/trc/head-peace-at-gun-point Peace, at Gunpoint], The Reporters' Collective, 28 June 2026.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dR767UtluAo&t=10s "We have no future in present Manipur...", Chief of Apex Tangkhul Organisation], The Lungleng Show, via YouTube, 24 November 2025.</ref> == ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ == * Akhui, Z. A. S. (1973) ''A Short Account of Tangkhul Naga Culture'' Imphal * Arokianathan, S. (1987) ''Tangkhul Naga Grammar'' Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore, India, {{OCLC|19543897}} * Horam, Mashangthei (1988) ''Naga Insurgency: The Last Thirty Years'' Cosmo Publications, New Delhi, {{OCLC|19452813}} * Shimray, A. S. W. (2001) ''History of the Tangkhul Nagas'' Akansha Pub. House, New Delhi, {{ISBN|81-87606-04-5}} * Shongzan, Mayaso (2013) "A Portrait of the Tangkhul Nagas" the Exodus, Ukhrul. * Josiah Luithui, (2014) "Liberation Theology of the Head-Hunters Tangkhul Naga", TTA, Ukhrul. == ᱱᱳᱴᱥ == {{Notelist}} == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == *http://www.tangkhul.com *http://www.ukhrul.nic.in *https://web.archive.org/web/20260417051241/http://www.tangkhulnet.tripod.com/ *https://tangkhulonline.com/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211029164025/https://tangkhulonline.com/ |date=29 October 2021 }} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱟᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱠᱷᱨᱩᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ]] }} 3rxxl5i4rdqgbmwux9wua3repk108sn 0 38215 198834 198788 2026-10-03T11:54:09Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 198834 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | official_name = ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ | native_name = শান্তিগঞ্জ <br/> | settlement_type = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟᱠᱚ|ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ]] | image_skyline = পাগলার বড় মসজিদ,সুনামগঞ্জ,সিলেট।.JPG | imagesize = | image_alt = | image_caption = ᱯᱟᱜᱽᱞᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱠ, ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | image_map = Shantiganj in Sylhet division (Bangladesh).svg | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|Bangladesh}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱠᱚ|ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ|ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ]] | established_title1 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | established_date1 = ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | established_title2 = ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | established_date2 = ᱒᱐᱒᱑ | leader_title1 = ᱮᱢᱹᱯᱤᱹ ([[ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽᱼ᱓]]) | leader_name1 = ᱢᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱭᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ ([[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱨᱴᱤ|ᱵᱤᱹᱮᱱᱹᱯᱤᱹ]]) | leader_title2 = ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨᱢᱮᱱ | leader_name2 = ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤᱜᱮᱭᱟ | area_total_km2 = 303.17 | area_metro_km2 = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | population_total = 204998 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱒᱒ | population_footnotes = <ref name="census2022">{{Cite book |url=https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf |title=National Report |date=November 2023 |publisher=[[Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics]] |isbn=978-9844752016 |series=Population and Housing Census 2022 |volume=1 |location=Dhaka |pages=404}}</ref> | population_density_km2 = auto | postal_code_type = ᱰᱟᱠ ᱠᱚᱰ | postal_code = ᱓᱐᱐᱑ (ᱯᱟᱜᱽᱞᱟ)<ref name="postalcode">{{Cite web |url=https://bdpost.portal.gov.bd/site/page/ce352c91-ec02-4b0d-9e2e-1d8b7a94fd66 |title=Bangladesh Postal Code |date=20 October 2024 |publisher=Bangladesh Postal Department under the Department of Posts and Telecommunications of the Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology of the People's Republic of Bangladesh |location=Dhaka |access-date=1 October 2026 |archive-date=12 March 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250312154749/https://bdpost.portal.gov.bd/site/page/ce352c91-ec02-4b0d-9e2e-1d8b7a94fd66 |url-status=dead}}</ref> | postal2_code_type = ᱰᱟᱠ ᱠᱚᱰ | postal2_code = ᱓᱐᱐᱒ (ᱯᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟ)<ref name="postalcode"/> | population_demonym = ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ | website = {{URL|southsunamganj.sunamganj.gov.bd}} | footnotes = | timezone = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ|ᱵᱤᱹᱮᱥᱹᱴᱤᱹ]] | utc_offset = +6 }} [[File:Dakshin Sunamganj Upazila mauza geocode map - Small Area Atlas Sunamganj.svg|thumb|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱢᱚᱣᱩᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱢᱮᱯ]] '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱧᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟᱠᱚ|ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱒᱗ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱒00᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱮᱡᱮᱢ-ᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱡᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱥᱩᱱᱟᱢᱜᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑᱘ ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱒0᱒᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱒᱖ ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱧᱲᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ-ᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱤᱜᱚᱸᱧᱡᱽ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱟ᱾ ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== == ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟᱠᱟ ᱡᱚ== ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ== ==ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ== == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} 8xvj2a67dhglzy3dt3eqa1q826dyv54 0 38219 198797 2026-10-02T16:19:49Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | image = Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_at_Jaipur_Literature_Festival_2026_(1).jpg | office2 = ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ<br>''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | 1bla..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 198797 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | image = Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_at_Jaipur_Literature_Festival_2026_(1).jpg | office2 = ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ<br>''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | 1blankname2 = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata2 = [[ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ]] | term_start2 = ᱓᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | term_end2 = ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | predecessor2 = [[ᱵᱩᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ]] | successor2 = [[ᱟᱨ. ᱮᱥ. ᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭ]] | office1 = ᱑᱗ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] | 1blankname1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata1 = [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱮᱵᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱚ]] | term_start1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ | term_end1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ | predecessor1 = [[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ. ᱥᱟᱦ]] | successor1 = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱸᱣᱟᱨ]] ''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | birth_name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|4|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ]] | other_party = | spouse = ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | children = ᱒ | alma_mater = [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] | occupation = [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ | father = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] | relatives = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br />[[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br>[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ)<br/>[[ᱠᱚᱥᱛᱩᱨᱵᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱰᱷᱤ)<br>[[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ) }} '''ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ'''{{Efn|In this [[Indian name]], ''Devdas'' is a [[patronymic]] and the [[Surname|family name]] is ''[[Gandhi (surname)|Gandhi]]''.}} (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱒᱒ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| title = At farewell, Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls for change in mindsets | newspaper=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103084620/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 3 November 2012|date=13 December 2009| access-date = 2013-11-29}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱥᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="gg1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101026060137/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?234468 Gopal Gandhi] ''outlookindia.com''. 23 Apr 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱢᱢᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gopalkrishna-gandhi-was-oppositions-nominee-for-vice-president-report/articleshow/59541414.cms|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi is opposition's nominee for vice president: He lost the Vice Presidential elections miserably Report - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 July 2017 }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰᱤᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱒᱔᱔ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑᱖ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ== ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ|ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=gov>{{cite web | title = Hon'ble Governor of Bihar - Gopalkrishna Gandhi Profile | publisher = Governor of Bihar website | url = http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governorgdsafgdsgsdgss/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm | access-date = 2013-11-30 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱕-᱑᱙᱘᱗) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱗-᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱖), ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱗-᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=iias/> ᱑᱔ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱳᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran politician R S Gavai new Bihar Governor |date=22 June 2006 |newspaper=One India |publisher=Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd. |url=http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925094737/http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty|title=Faculty/Staff - Ashoka University|first=Ashoka|last=University|website=Ashoka University}}</ref> ==ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱪᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ== ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱠᱳᱦᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ "ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱚᱦᱚᱱ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱰᱟᱭᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱮᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱜᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chauhan|first=Neeraj|date=April 16, 2014|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi: Former Bengal governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls CBI 'department of dirty tricks', RIL a parallel state {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Bengal-governor-Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-calls-CBI-department-of-dirty-tricks-RIL-a-parallel-state/articleshow/33792797.cms|access-date=2020-09-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱬᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱟᱨᱡᱤ]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱟᱠᱩᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Gopalkrishna-Gandhi%E2%80%99s-letter-to-President/article60439367.ece|title=Pardoning Yakub Memon will be a tribute to Dr. Kalam: Gopalkrishna Gandhi|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gopalkrishna-gandhi-tried-to-save-yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blast-convict-says-shiv-sena/766336/|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi tried to save Yakub Memon, claims Sena: Here's what Congress Vice-Presidential candidate said in 2015|date=2017-07-17|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱥᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} ==ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱱᱚᱴᱥ== {{Notelist}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Refbegin}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ, ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] 9v8vp709v1bssw4ypsac5ell8we2buc 198800 198797 2026-10-02T23:49:44Z MT731 2184 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 198800 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | image = Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_at_Jaipur_Literature_Festival_2026_(1).jpg | office2 = ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ<br>''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | 1blankname2 = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata2 = [[ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ]] | term_start2 = ᱓᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | term_end2 = ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | predecessor2 = [[ᱵᱩᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ]] | successor2 = [[ᱟᱨ. ᱮᱥ. ᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭ]] | office1 = ᱑᱗ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] | 1blankname1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata1 = [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱮᱵᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱚ]] | term_start1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ | term_end1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ | predecessor1 = [[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ. ᱥᱟᱦ]] | successor1 = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱸᱣᱟᱨ]] ''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | birth_name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|4|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ]] | other_party = | spouse = ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | children = ᱒ | alma_mater = [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] | occupation = [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ | father = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] | relatives = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br />[[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br>[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ)<br/>[[ᱠᱚᱥᱛᱩᱨᱵᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱰᱷᱤ)<br>[[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ) }} '''ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ'''{{Efn|In this [[Indian name]], ''Devdas'' is a [[patronymic]] and the [[Surname|family name]] is ''[[Gandhi (surname)|Gandhi]]''.}} (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱒᱒ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| title = At farewell, Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls for change in mindsets | newspaper=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103084620/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 3 November 2012|date=13 December 2009| access-date = 2013-11-29}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱥᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="gg1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101026060137/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?234468 Gopal Gandhi] ''outlookindia.com''. 23 Apr 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱢᱢᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gopalkrishna-gandhi-was-oppositions-nominee-for-vice-president-report/articleshow/59541414.cms|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi is opposition's nominee for vice president: He lost the Vice Presidential elections miserably Report - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 July 2017 }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰᱤᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱒᱔᱔ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑᱖ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ== ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ|ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=gov>{{cite web | title = Hon'ble Governor of Bihar - Gopalkrishna Gandhi Profile | publisher = Governor of Bihar website | url = http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governorgdsafgdsgsdgss/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm | access-date = 2013-11-30 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱕-᱑᱙᱘᱗) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱗-᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱖), ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱗-᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=iias/> ᱑᱔ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱳᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran politician R S Gavai new Bihar Governor |date=22 June 2006 |newspaper=One India |publisher=Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd. |url=http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925094737/http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty|title=Faculty/Staff - Ashoka University|first=Ashoka|last=University|website=Ashoka University}}</ref> ==ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱪᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ== ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱠᱳᱦᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ "ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱚᱦᱚᱱ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱰᱟᱭᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱮᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱜᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chauhan|first=Neeraj|date=April 16, 2014|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi: Former Bengal governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls CBI 'department of dirty tricks', RIL a parallel state {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Bengal-governor-Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-calls-CBI-department-of-dirty-tricks-RIL-a-parallel-state/articleshow/33792797.cms|access-date=2020-09-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱬᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱟᱨᱡᱤ]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱟᱠᱩᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Gopalkrishna-Gandhi%E2%80%99s-letter-to-President/article60439367.ece|title=Pardoning Yakub Memon will be a tribute to Dr. Kalam: Gopalkrishna Gandhi|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gopalkrishna-gandhi-tried-to-save-yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blast-convict-says-shiv-sena/766336/|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi tried to save Yakub Memon, claims Sena: Here's what Congress Vice-Presidential candidate said in 2015|date=2017-07-17|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱥᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} ==ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱱᱚᱴᱥ== {{Notelist}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Refbegin}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ, ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱰᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ|ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] t433qbehpi4yjg33bnu7apb14zlj8bh 198801 198800 2026-10-02T23:55:53Z MT731 2184 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 198801 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | image = Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_at_Jaipur_Literature_Festival_2026_(1).jpg | office2 = ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ<br>''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | 1blankname2 = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata2 = [[ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ]] | term_start2 = ᱓᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | term_end2 = ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | predecessor2 = [[ᱵᱩᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ]] | successor2 = [[ᱟᱨ. ᱮᱥ. ᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭ]] | office1 = ᱑᱗ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] | 1blankname1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata1 = [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱮᱵᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱚ]] | term_start1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ | term_end1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ | predecessor1 = [[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ. ᱥᱟᱦ]] | successor1 = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱸᱣᱟᱨ]] ''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | birth_name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|4|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ]] | other_party = | spouse = ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | children = ᱒ | alma_mater = [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] | occupation = [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ | father = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] | relatives = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br />[[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br>[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ)<br/>[[ᱠᱚᱥᱛᱩᱨᱵᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱰᱷᱤ)<br>[[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ) }} '''ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ'''{{Efn|In this [[Indian name]], ''Devdas'' is a [[patronymic]] and the [[Surname|family name]] is ''[[Gandhi (surname)|Gandhi]]''.}} (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱒᱒ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| title = At farewell, Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls for change in mindsets | newspaper=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103084620/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 3 November 2012|date=13 December 2009| access-date = 2013-11-29}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱥᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="gg1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101026060137/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?234468 Gopal Gandhi] ''outlookindia.com''. 23 Apr 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱢᱢᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gopalkrishna-gandhi-was-oppositions-nominee-for-vice-president-report/articleshow/59541414.cms|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi is opposition's nominee for vice president: He lost the Vice Presidential elections miserably Report - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 July 2017 }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰᱤᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱒᱔᱔ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑᱖ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ== ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ|ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=gov>{{cite web | title = Hon'ble Governor of Bihar - Gopalkrishna Gandhi Profile | publisher = Governor of Bihar website | url = http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governorgdsafgdsgsdgss/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm | access-date = 2013-11-30 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱕-᱑᱙᱘᱗) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱗-᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱖), ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱗-᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=iias/> ᱑᱔ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱳᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran politician R S Gavai new Bihar Governor |date=22 June 2006 |newspaper=One India |publisher=Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd. |url=http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925094737/http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty|title=Faculty/Staff - Ashoka University|first=Ashoka|last=University|website=Ashoka University}}</ref> ==ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱪᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ== ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱠᱳᱦᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ "ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱚᱦᱚᱱ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱰᱟᱭᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱮᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱜᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chauhan|first=Neeraj|date=April 16, 2014|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi: Former Bengal governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls CBI 'department of dirty tricks', RIL a parallel state {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Bengal-governor-Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-calls-CBI-department-of-dirty-tricks-RIL-a-parallel-state/articleshow/33792797.cms|access-date=2020-09-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱬᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱟᱨᱡᱤ]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱟᱠᱩᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Gopalkrishna-Gandhi%E2%80%99s-letter-to-President/article60439367.ece|title=Pardoning Yakub Memon will be a tribute to Dr. Kalam: Gopalkrishna Gandhi|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gopalkrishna-gandhi-tried-to-save-yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blast-convict-says-shiv-sena/766336/|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi tried to save Yakub Memon, claims Sena: Here's what Congress Vice-Presidential candidate said in 2015|date=2017-07-17|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱥᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} ==ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱱᱚᱴᱥ== {{Notelist}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Refbegin}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20111008192001/http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governors/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ, ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱰᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ|ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] 4qrfupd6akn00jv7zv0luf92pixrhfe 198802 198801 2026-10-03T00:10:39Z MT731 2184 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 198802 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | image = Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_at_Jaipur_Literature_Festival_2026_(1).jpg | office2 = ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ<br>''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | 1blankname2 = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata2 = [[ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ]] | term_start2 = ᱓᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | term_end2 = ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | predecessor2 = [[ᱵᱩᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ]] | successor2 = [[ᱟᱨ. ᱮᱥ. ᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭ]] | office1 = ᱑᱗ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] | 1blankname1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata1 = [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱮᱵᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱚ]] | term_start1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ | term_end1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ | predecessor1 = [[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ. ᱥᱟᱦ]] | successor1 = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱸᱣᱟᱨ]] ''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | birth_name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|4|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ]] | other_party = | spouse = ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | children = ᱒ | alma_mater = [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] | occupation = [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ | father = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] | relatives = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br />[[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br>[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ)<br/>[[ᱠᱚᱥᱛᱩᱨᱵᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱰᱷᱤ)<br>[[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ) }} '''ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ'''{{Efn|In this [[Indian name]], ''Devdas'' is a [[patronymic]] and the [[Surname|family name]] is ''[[Gandhi (surname)|Gandhi]]''.}} (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱒᱒ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| title = At farewell, Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls for change in mindsets | newspaper=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103084620/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 3 November 2012|date=13 December 2009| access-date = 2013-11-29}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱥᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="gg1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101026060137/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?234468 Gopal Gandhi] ''outlookindia.com''. 23 Apr 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱢᱢᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gopalkrishna-gandhi-was-oppositions-nominee-for-vice-president-report/articleshow/59541414.cms|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi is opposition's nominee for vice president: He lost the Vice Presidential elections miserably Report - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 July 2017 }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰᱤᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱒᱔᱔ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑᱖ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ== ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ|ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=gov>{{cite web | title = Hon'ble Governor of Bihar - Gopalkrishna Gandhi Profile | publisher = Governor of Bihar website | url = http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governorgdsafgdsgsdgss/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm | access-date = 2013-11-30 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱕-᱑᱙᱘᱗) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱗-᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱖), ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱗-᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=iias/> ᱑᱔ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱳᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran politician R S Gavai new Bihar Governor |date=22 June 2006 |newspaper=One India |publisher=Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd. |url=http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925094737/http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty|title=Faculty/Staff - Ashoka University|first=Ashoka|last=University|website=Ashoka University}}</ref> ==ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱪᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ== ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱠᱳᱦᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ "ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱚᱦᱚᱱ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱰᱟᱭᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱮᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱜᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chauhan|first=Neeraj|date=April 16, 2014|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi: Former Bengal governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls CBI 'department of dirty tricks', RIL a parallel state {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Bengal-governor-Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-calls-CBI-department-of-dirty-tricks-RIL-a-parallel-state/articleshow/33792797.cms|access-date=2020-09-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱬᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱟᱨᱡᱤ]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱟᱠᱩᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Gopalkrishna-Gandhi%E2%80%99s-letter-to-President/article60439367.ece|title=Pardoning Yakub Memon will be a tribute to Dr. Kalam: Gopalkrishna Gandhi|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gopalkrishna-gandhi-tried-to-save-yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blast-convict-says-shiv-sena/766336/|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi tried to save Yakub Memon, claims Sena: Here's what Congress Vice-Presidential candidate said in 2015|date=2017-07-17|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱥᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} ==ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱱᱚᱴᱥ== {{Notelist}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Refbegin}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20111008192001/http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governors/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ, ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱰᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ|ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ-ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱠᱠᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ (ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ]] f0b0wi9q2dwexnoqifuje0v39pv1cmp 198803 198802 2026-10-03T00:13:07Z MT731 2184 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 198803 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴ}} {{Infobox officeholder | name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | image = Gopalkrishna_Gandhi_at_Jaipur_Literature_Festival_2026_(1).jpg | office2 = ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ<br>''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | 1blankname2 = [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata2 = [[ᱱᱤᱛᱤᱥ ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱨ]] | term_start2 = ᱓᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | term_end2 = ᱒᱑ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ | predecessor2 = [[ᱵᱩᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱝ]] | successor2 = [[ᱟᱨ. ᱮᱥ. ᱜᱟᱵᱷᱟᱭ]] | office1 = ᱑᱗ ᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] | 1blankname1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ|ᱥᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ]] | 1namedata1 = [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱮᱵᱷ ᱵᱷᱚᱴᱟᱪᱟᱨᱭᱚ]] | term_start1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ | term_end1 = ᱑᱔ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ | predecessor1 = [[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ. ᱥᱟᱦ]] | successor1 = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱚᱸᱣᱟᱨ]] ''(ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱪᱟᱨᱡᱽ)'' | birth_name = ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1945|4|22|df=y}} | birth_place = [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]], ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ | death_date = | death_place = | party = [[ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱯᱷᱩᱨᱜᱟᱹᱞ]] | other_party = | spouse = ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ | children = ᱒ | alma_mater = [[ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] | occupation = [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ | father = [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] | relatives = [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br />[[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ)<br>[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ)<br/>[[ᱠᱚᱥᱛᱩᱨᱵᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] (ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱵᱩᱰᱷᱤ)<br>[[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ) }} '''ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ'''{{Efn|In this [[Indian name]], ''Devdas'' is a [[patronymic]] and the [[Surname|family name]] is ''[[Gandhi (surname)|Gandhi]]''.}} (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱒᱒ ᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| title = At farewell, Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls for change in mindsets | newspaper=The Hindu | url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20121103084620/http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/article64508.ece| url-status = dead| archive-date = 3 November 2012|date=13 December 2009| access-date = 2013-11-29}}</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱥᱴᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name="gg1">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101026060137/http://outlookindia.com/article.aspx?234468 Gopal Gandhi] ''outlookindia.com''. 23 Apr 2007. Retrieved 15 January 2014</ref> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱨᱮᱥᱤᱵᱷ ᱮᱞᱟᱭᱮᱱᱥ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱩᱢᱢᱤᱫᱣᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/gopalkrishna-gandhi-was-oppositions-nominee-for-vice-president-report/articleshow/59541414.cms|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi is opposition's nominee for vice president: He lost the Vice Presidential elections miserably Report - Times of India|newspaper=The Times of India |date=11 July 2017 }}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱮᱱᱰᱤᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱠᱟᱭᱟ ᱱᱟᱭᱰᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱒᱔᱔ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱛᱮᱭ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑᱖ ᱵᱷᱳᱴ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱪᱷᱞᱟᱹ== ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ|ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱝᱨᱮᱡᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=gov>{{cite web | title = Hon'ble Governor of Bihar - Gopalkrishna Gandhi Profile | publisher = Governor of Bihar website | url = http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governorgdsafgdsgsdgss/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm | access-date = 2013-11-30 }}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱙᱘᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱕-᱑᱙᱘᱗) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱩᱛᱨᱮᱛ (᱑᱙᱘᱗-᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱤ.ᱮ.ᱮᱥ. ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱡᱟᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ (ᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ) ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ, ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱱᱮᱦᱨᱩ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱰᱟᱭᱨᱮᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱰᱤᱯᱞᱚᱢᱟᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱᱤ ᱯᱚᱥᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱑᱙᱙᱖), ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱭᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ (᱑᱙᱙᱗-᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱐), ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱞᱮᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱮᱰᱚᱨ (᱒᱐᱐᱒) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=iias/> ᱑᱔ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱤᱨᱮᱱ ᱡᱮ ᱥᱟᱦ ᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱞ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱮᱵᱚᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱠᱳᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=Veteran politician R S Gavai new Bihar Governor |date=22 June 2006 |newspaper=One India |publisher=Greynium Information Technologies Pvt. Ltd. |url=http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925094737/http://www.oneindia.com/2006/06/22/r-s-gavai-sworn-in-as-bihar-governor-1150981920.html |archive-date=25 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱟᱥᱳᱠᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ashoka.edu.in/welcome/faculty|title=Faculty/Staff - Ashoka University|first=Ashoka|last=University|website=Ashoka University}}</ref> ==ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱪᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ== ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱤ.ᱯᱤ. ᱠᱳᱦᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ "ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱥᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱚᱦᱚᱱ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ" ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱳᱯᱷᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, "ᱥᱤ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ. ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤ.ᱰᱤ.ᱴᱤ. ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱰᱟᱭᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞ ᱴᱨᱟᱭᱠᱞᱳᱨᱳ ᱮᱛᱷᱮᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ, ᱜᱩᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱡᱤᱭᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾"<ref>{{Cite web|last=Chauhan|first=Neeraj|date=April 16, 2014|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi: Former Bengal governor Gopalkrishna Gandhi calls CBI 'department of dirty tricks', RIL a parallel state {{!}} India News - Times of India|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Former-Bengal-governor-Gopalkrishna-Gandhi-calls-CBI-department-of-dirty-tricks-RIL-a-parallel-state/articleshow/33792797.cms|access-date=2020-09-28|website=The Times of India|language=en}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱕ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱬᱚᱵᱽ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱟᱨᱡᱤ]] ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱑᱙᱙᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱭᱟᱠᱩᱵᱽ ᱢᱮᱢᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱫ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/Gopalkrishna-Gandhi%E2%80%99s-letter-to-President/article60439367.ece|title=Pardoning Yakub Memon will be a tribute to Dr. Kalam: Gopalkrishna Gandhi|work=The Hindu|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/gopalkrishna-gandhi-tried-to-save-yakub-memon-1993-mumbai-blast-convict-says-shiv-sena/766336/|title=Gopalkrishna Gandhi tried to save Yakub Memon, claims Sena: Here's what Congress Vice-Presidential candidate said in 2015|date=2017-07-17|work=The Financial Express|access-date=2017-07-17|language=en-US}}</ref> ==ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ== ᱩᱱᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱢ ᱦᱟᱲᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤ. ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱟᱪᱟᱨᱤ]] (ᱨᱟᱡᱟᱡᱤ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾<ref name="gg1"/> ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱮᱵᱽᱫᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱥᱢᱤ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ]] ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱵᱚᱭᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱜᱤᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱱᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=July 2020}} ==ᱯᱷᱩᱴᱱᱚᱴᱥ== {{Notelist}} ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{Refbegin}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20111008192001/http://governor.bih.nic.in/Governors/GopalKrishnaGandhi.htm [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ]] ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱣᱮᱵᱽᱥᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱞ] ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ {{Refend}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ, ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱔᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱑ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱷᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱵᱟᱥᱰᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱞᱮᱥᱳᱛᱷᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ|ᱜᱳᱯᱟᱞᱠᱨᱤᱥᱱᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱴᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ-ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱤᱨᱩᱠᱠᱩᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱨᱡᱚᱢᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱱᱤᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱹᱫᱽ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ (ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ) ᱨᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱢᱠᱮ ᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱚᱦᱮᱛ ᱠᱚ]] 01pgikvaacyfl08yopm3si2c015ost1 0 38220 198812 2026-10-03T04:43:26Z Sunia Marndi 8165 "<nowiki>{{Infobox legislation</nowiki> | short_title = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title =..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 198812 wikitext text/x-wiki <nowiki>{{Infobox legislation</nowiki> | short_title = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱴ। | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [[https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf](https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf) ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱔᱕] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ|ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | date_passed = ᱒᱐-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | enacted_by2 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | date_passed2 = ᱒᱑-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | assented_by = [[ᱫᱽᱨᱚᱣᱯᱚᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ|ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱽᱨᱚᱣᱯᱚᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ]] ([[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ]]) | date_assented = ᱒᱕-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill_date = ᱑᱒-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill_citation = ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱗᱓ | introduced_by = [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]] ([[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]]) | committee_responsible = ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ | passed = ᱒᱐-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | passed_for = ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Majority Voice) | passed_against = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Minority Voice) | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill_date2 = ᱒᱐-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | introduced_by2 = [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]] ([[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]]) | passed2 = ᱒᱑-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | passed2_for = ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Majority Voice) | passed2_against = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Minority Voice) | date_commenced = ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = ᱒᱑-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | amends = | repeals = [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ| ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ, ᱑᱘᱖᱐]] | related_legislation = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓]]<nowiki> | summary = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱸᱰ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱮᱫᱟ। | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} </nowiki>'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[Criminal code| ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ|ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == * ᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ * ᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ * ᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023|url=[https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023)|access-date=2023-12-13|website=PRS Legislative Research|language=en-US|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023)|url-status=live}}</ref> * ᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment|url=[https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html)|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html)|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 December 2023|access-date=2023-12-20|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> * ᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ * ᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joy|first=Shemin|title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod|url=[https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616)|archive-date=25 December 2023|access-date=2023-12-25|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} pr2jmwv4jbd6e2tojdqn0egl300o2ms 198814 198812 2026-10-03T04:46:10Z Sunia Marndi 8165 198814 wikitext text/x-wiki == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == * ᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ * ᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ * ᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023|url=[https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023)|access-date=2023-12-13|website=PRS Legislative Research|language=en-US|archive-date=13 December 2023|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023)|url-status=live}}</ref> * ᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment|url=[https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html)|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html)|url-status=dead|archive-date=20 December 2023|access-date=2023-12-20|website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> * ᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ * ᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|last=Joy|first=Shemin|title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod|url=[https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616)|archive-date=25 December 2023|access-date=2023-12-25|website=Deccan Herald|language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} h0kzld84qom2ojcb66ugbma37lbvfjf 198815 198814 2026-10-03T04:50:06Z Sunia Marndi 8165 /* ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ */ 198815 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱴᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱠᱴ। | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [[https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf](https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf) ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱔᱕] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ|ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | date_passed = ᱒᱐-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | enacted_by2 = [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ|ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] | date_passed2 = ᱒᱑-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | assented_by = [[ᱫᱽᱨᱚᱣᱯᱚᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ|ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱫᱽᱨᱚᱣᱯᱚᱫᱤ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ]] ([[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ]]) | date_assented = ᱒᱕-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill_date = ᱑᱒-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill_citation = ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱮᱞ ᱑᱗᱓ | introduced_by = [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]] ([[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]]) | committee_responsible = ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱤᱝ ᱠᱚᱢᱤᱴᱤ | passed = ᱒᱐-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | passed_for = ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Majority Voice) | passed_against = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Minority Voice) | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ | bill_date2 = ᱒᱐-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | introduced_by2 = [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]] ([[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]]) | passed2 = ᱒᱑-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | passed2_for = ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Majority Voice) | passed2_against = ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (Minority Voice) | date_commenced = ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = ᱒᱑-ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ | amends = | repeals = [[ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ| ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ, ᱑᱘᱖᱐]] | related_legislation = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱠᱥᱟ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓]] | summary = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱸᱰ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱮᱫᱟ। | status = ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=[https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023) |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023) |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=[https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=[https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616) |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/) |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/) |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/) |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/) |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ | ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} [[Category:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category: ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]] [[Category: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓]] == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} 6ap1upz7ek0gow7vgib4e5tdxv904iv 198816 198815 2026-10-03T04:56:12Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 198816 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=[https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023) |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023](https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023) |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=[https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html) |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html](https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html) |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=[https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616](https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616) |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/) |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/) |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/) |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/) |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ | ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} [[Category:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category: ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]] [[Category: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓]] == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} 42m71uva37v9mto6w9w9c0ap618dyd8 198818 198816 2026-10-03T05:05:03Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 /* ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ */ 198818 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/) |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/) |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/) |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/) |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ | ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} [[Category:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category: ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]] [[Category: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓]] == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} 5awbsddyec0t9s89o9zyufsgk1u4oxf 198819 198818 2026-10-03T05:06:48Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 /* ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ */ 198819 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ | ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece) |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas) |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/) |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |url-status=live |archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583) |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} [[Category:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category: ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]] [[Category: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓]] == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} c8yaoycnw01wshfo704ykpbraaj0jai 198820 198819 2026-10-03T05:10:08Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 /* ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ */ 198820 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ | ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="wire">{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} [[Category:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category: ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]] [[Category: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓]] == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} 2mg19x3usx4ahzcswvl1d4wht26j61p 198821 198820 2026-10-03T05:15:52Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 /* ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ */ 198821 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ | ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="wire">{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [[https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf](https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf) ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ] [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ| ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Judiciary of India}} {{Law enforcement in India}} [[Category:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category: ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱹᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[Category: ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱱ]] [[Category:᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]] [[Category: ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱠᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓]] == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it|url=[https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|access-date=2023-12-31|website=Financial Express|date=21 December 2023|language=en|archive-date=2 January 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/)|url-status=live}}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web|date=2024-07-01|title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|access-date=2024-07-01|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=1 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/)|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ| ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ| ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |date=12 October 2023 |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |publisher=Cambridge University Press |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|url=[https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons|author1=Alisha Dutta|date=22 June 2024|work=The Hindu|access-date=23 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece](https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece)|archive-date=23 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Satish|first1=Mrinal|last2=Dash|first2=Preeti Pratishruti|last3=Pandey|first3=Anushka|date=30 January 2024|title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas?|url=[https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|url-status=live|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas](https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas)|archive-date=1 February 2024|access-date=21 June 2024|website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}{{cite news|url=[https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government|author1=[[Indira Jaising]]|date=17 June 2024|work=[[The Indian Express]]|access-date=21 June 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/](https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/)|archive-date=4 July 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news|url=[https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert|last=Juneja|first=Punit|date=23 July 2024|work=[[Press Trust of India]]|access-date=23 July 2024|archive-url=[https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583](https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583)|archive-date=5 Oct 2024|location=[[Kolkata]]|url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ], ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ bgddt1hila13x3nhh7tlgtjlbk198ko 198822 198821 2026-10-03T05:17:32Z ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱥᱚᱨ 1102 198822 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ | ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱯ (marital rape) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ]] ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ (gender-neutral) ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (sexual assault)' ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (outraging the modesty of women)' ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱨᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ (transgender) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ (ambiguous) ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ (freedom of speech) ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ (dissent) ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="wire">{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (punishment-oriented) ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ (justice-oriented) ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ], ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 52miz5xml7aqbcmhh4t8xq7worimsj4 198826 198822 2026-10-03T09:34:09Z Sunia Marndi 8165 /* ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ */ 198826 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ ᱨᱤᱵᱷᱮᱧ ᱯᱳᱨᱱ | ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ]] ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="wire">{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ], ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 5x3wirxk1woyyv4pk5kopoxkje30a1q 198827 198826 2026-10-03T09:35:00Z Sunia Marndi 8165 /* ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ */ 198827 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox legislation | short_title = Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023{{br}}{{small|{{Translation|Justice Code of India, 2023}}}} | legislature = [[Parliament of India]] | image = Emblem of India (Government Gazette).svg | imagesize = 100 | imagealt = | caption = | long_title = An Act to Consolidate and Amend the Provisions Relating to Offences and for Matters Connected Therewith or Incidental Thereto. | autocollapse_long_title = True | citation = [https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/20062/1/a2023-45.pdf Act No. 45 of 2023] | territorial_extent = {{Flag|India}} | considered_by = | enacted_by = [[Lok Sabha|House of the People]] | date_passed = 20-December-2023 | enacted_by2 = [[Rajya Sabha|Council of States]] | date_passed2 = 21-December-2023 | assented_by = [[Droupadi Murmu|Ms. Droupadi Murmu]] <br>([[President of India]]) | date_assented = 25-December-2023 | bill_date = 12-December-2023 | bill = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_citation = Bill No. 173 of 2023 | introduced_by = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India)|Home Minister]]) | committee_responsible = Parliamentary Standing Committee | passed = 20-December-2023 | passed_for = Majority Voice | passed_against = Minority Voice | passed_abstention = | passed_absent = | bill2 = The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita Bill, 2023 | bill_date2 = 20-December-2023 | introduced_by2 = [[Amit Shah]] ([[Minister of Home Affairs (India) |Home Minister]]) | passed2 = 21-December-2023 | passed2_for = Majority Voice | passed2_against = Minority Voice | date_commenced = 01-July-2024 | date_effective = | white_paper = | date_final_passage = 21-December-2023 | amends = | repeals = [[Indian Penal Code| Indian Penal Code, 1860]] | related_legislation = [[Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita]] and [[Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023]] | summary = The bill seeks to replace the entire Indian Penal Code and to provide a new approach for penalties and punishments for crimes defined under a new pattern. | status = in force }} '''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓''' ({{Translation|'''ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ (ᱡᱮ.ᱥᱤ.ᱟᱭ.), ᱒᱐᱒᱓'''}}) ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ [[ criminal code | ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ( criminal ) ᱟᱹᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ-᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ [[ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ | ᱯᱟᱨᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱐᱑-ᱡᱩᱞᱟᱭ-᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱣᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱑᱘᱖᱐ ]] (IPC) ᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ == ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱢᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ == *᱑᱑ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, [[ᱚᱢᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱦ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ|ᱦᱳᱢ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱚᱨ]], [[ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱑᱒ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Bharatiya Nyaya (Second) Sanhita, 2023 |url=https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |access-date=2023-12-13 |website=PRS Legislative Research |language=en-US |archive-date=13 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231213181014/https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-bharatiya-nyaya-second-sanhita-2023 |url-status=live }}</ref> *᱒᱐ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱠ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=LS passes Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill; Amit Shah says it focuses on justice rather than punishment |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231220113534/https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2023/dec/20/ls-passes-bharatiya-nyayasanhita-bill-amit-shah-says-it-focuses-on-justice-rather-than-punishment-2643323.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-20 |website=The New Indian Express}}</ref> *᱒᱑ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ *᱒᱕ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ (ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ) ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ ᱵᱤᱞ, ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱤᱡ ᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱲ (assent) ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=Joy |first=Shemin |title=Bills to replace criminal codes enacted into law as President Murmu gives nod |url=https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231225135311/https://www.deccanherald.com/india/bills-to-replace-criminal-codes-enacted-into-law-as-president-murmu-gives-nod-2824616 |archive-date=25 December 2023 |access-date=2023-12-25 |website=Deccan Herald |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. (BNS) ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ (IPC) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱘᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱸᱰᱳᱢ (fines) ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ (mandatory minimum punishment) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ (community service) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱡᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explained: Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, the new IPC, and the concerns around it |url=https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |access-date=2023-12-31 |website=Financial Express |date=21 December 2023 |language=en |archive-date=2 January 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240102155356/https://www.financialexpress.com/india-news/what-issues-surround-bharatiya-nyaya-sanhita-criminal-bill-ipc/3344566/ |url-status=live }}</ref> * '''ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ)''': ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ, ᱜᱚᱡᱚᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱥᱠᱟᱹᱣ (abetment of suicide), ᱫᱟᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ (causing grievous hurt) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱝᱜᱚᱴᱷᱤᱛ ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ (organised crime), ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱥᱯᱟᱹᱱᱛᱷᱤ (terrorism), ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * ''' graphical/ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ (Sexual) ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱯ, ᱵᱚ weeping (voyeurism), ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ (stalking) ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ (insulting the modesty) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱯ (gang rape) ᱠᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱟᱹᱣᱟᱱ/ ᱥᱮ open-aged (adult) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱑᱖ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ * '''ᱥᱚᱢᱯᱚᱛᱤ (Property) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (theft), ᱞᱩᱴ (robbery), ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ (burglary) ᱟᱨ ᱮᱲᱮ (cheating) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ IPC ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱵᱚᱨ-ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (cybercrime) ᱟᱨ ᱴᱟᱠᱟ-ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱮᱲᱮ (financial fraud) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ (State) ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱽᱨᱚᱦ (sedition) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱪᱚᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ (sovereignty), ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ (unity) ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ (integrity) ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ * '''ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ (Public) ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ:''' ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ (environmental pollution) ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱱ (human trafficking) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-07-01 |title=Explained: New crimes under the Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita, and some grey areas |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=1 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240701184243/https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-law/indias-new-criminal-laws-9425076/ |url-status=live }}</ref> == ᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ-ᱵᱤᱛᱚᱨᱠᱚ == ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱱᱟᱞ ᱠᱳᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱜᱮ, ᱵᱤ.ᱮᱱ.ᱮᱥ. ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ-ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱵᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱞᱩᱼᱞᱮᱰᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ 'ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ-ᱤᱡᱽᱡᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱨᱮᱵᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱡᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |author1=Vaibhav Yadav |title=Tackling Non-Consensual Dissemination of Intimate Images in India's Contemporary Legal Framework |journal=[[International Society of Criminology|International Annals of Criminology]] |date=12 October 2023 |volume=61 |issue=3–4 |pages=355–383 |doi=10.1017/cri.2023.30 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |issn=2398-676X}}{{closed access}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱡᱮᱱᱰᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱯ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ (ᱚᱯᱚᱨᱟᱫᱷ) ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |author1=Alisha Dutta |title=Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita has no section dealing with rape of men, transgender persons |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |access-date=23 June 2024 |date=22 June 2024 |work=The Hindu |archive-date=23 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240623021948/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/gang-rape-of-up-man-highlights-need-for-section-377-in-bns-bill/article68320575.ece |url-status=live }}</ref> 'ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱚᱵᱷᱚᱣᱢᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱽᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱚᱛᱟ' ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="wire">{{cite web |last1=Satish |first1=Mrinal |last2=Dash |first2=Preeti Pratishruti |last3=Pandey |first3=Anushka |date=30 January 2024 |title=Bharatiya Nyay Sanhita: Decolonising or Reinforcing Colonial Ideas? |url=https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240201063914/https://thewire.in/law/bharatiya-nyay-sanhita-decolonising-or-reinforcing-colonial-ideas |archive-date=1 February 2024 |access-date=21 June 2024 |website=[[The Wire (India)]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |author1=[[Indira Jaising]] |title=With new criminal laws, rights won in Supreme Court can be overturned by government |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |access-date=21 June 2024 |work=[[The Indian Express]] |date=17 June 2024 |archive-date=4 July 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704080003/https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/with-new-criminal-laws-rights-won-hard-in-the-sc-are-at-risk-of-being-overruled-by-the-government-9392038/ |url-status=live }}</ref> ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱡᱩᱨᱤᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱱᱴ ᱯᱨᱳᱯᱷᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱯᱷᱮᱡᱚᱞ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱤᱦ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱥᱟᱡᱟ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ-ᱟᱹᱫᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱭᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |last=Juneja |first=Punit |date=23 July 2024 |title=BNS not seen as establishing justice-oriented system: Legal expert |url=https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20241005160620/https://www.ptinews.com/story/national/bns-not-seen-as-establishing-justice-oriented-system-legal-expert/1671583 |archive-date=5 Oct 2024 |access-date=23 July 2024 |work=[[Press Trust of India]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons|File:Bharatiya_Nyaya_Sanhita,_2023_on_Gazette_of_India.pdf|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ}} * [https://www.mha.gov.in/sites/default/files/250883_english_01042024.pdf ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱱᱭᱟᱭᱚ ᱥᱚᱝᱦᱤᱛᱟ], ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱱᱤᱥᱴᱨᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ jlzlf6mpb5nftvfjdlbd1go7e27c0ks