ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Sidebar

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  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Sidebar</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>4130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199169</id>
      <parentid>185981</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T06:50:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199169</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13074" sha1="4esitsmrbrm92s3g3av1dblfso2ifay" xml:space="preserve">require('strict')
local cfg = mw.loadData('Module:Sidebar/configuration')

local p = {}

local getArgs = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs

--[[
Categorizes calling templates and modules with a 'style' parameter of any sort
for tracking to convert to TemplateStyles.

TODO after a long cleanup: Catch sidebars in other namespaces than Template and Module.
TODO would probably want to remove /log and /archive as CS1 does
]]
local function categorizeTemplatesWithInlineStyles(args)
	local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	if title.namespace ~= 10 and title.namespace ~= 828 then return '' end
	for _, pattern in ipairs (cfg.i18n.pattern.uncategorized_conversion_titles) do
		if title.text:match(pattern) then return '' end
	end
	
	for key, _ in pairs(args) do
		if mw.ustring.find(key, cfg.i18n.pattern.style_conversion) or key == 'width' then
			return cfg.i18n.category.conversion
		end
	end
end

--[[
For compatibility with the original {{sidebar with collapsible lists}}
implementation, which passed some parameters through {{#if}} to trim their
whitespace. This also triggered the automatic newline behavior.
]]
-- See ([[meta:Help:Newlines and spaces#Automatic newline]])
local function trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(s)
	s = mw.ustring.gsub(s, &quot;^%s*(.-)%s*$&quot;, &quot;%1&quot;)
	if mw.ustring.find(s, '^[#*:;]') or mw.ustring.find(s, '^{|') then
		return '\n' .. s
	else
		return s
	end
end

--[[
Finds whether a sidebar has a subgroup sidebar.
]]
local function detectChild(s)
	if mw.ustring.find(s, cfg.i18n.pattern.subgroup) then
		return true
	else
		return false
	end
end

local function has_navbar(navbar_mode, sidebar_name)
	return navbar_mode ~= cfg.i18n.navbar_none and
		navbar_mode ~= cfg.i18n.navbar_off and
		(
			sidebar_name or
			mw.getCurrentFrame():getParent():getTitle():gsub(cfg.i18n.pattern.sandbox, '') ~=
			cfg.i18n.title_not_to_add_navbar
		)
end

local function has_list_class(args, htmlclass)
	local patterns = {
		'^' .. htmlclass .. '$',
		'%s' .. htmlclass .. '$',
		'^' .. htmlclass .. '%s',
		'%s' .. htmlclass .. '%s'
	}
	
	for arg, value in pairs(args) do
		if type(arg) == 'string' and mw.ustring.find(arg, 'class') then
			for _, pattern in ipairs(patterns) do
				if mw.ustring.find(args[arg] or '', pattern) then
					return true
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return false
end

-- there are a lot of list classes in the wild, so we add their TemplateStyles
local function add_list_styles(args)
	local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
	local function add_list_templatestyles(htmlclass, templatestyles)
		if has_list_class(args, htmlclass) then
			return frame:extensionTag{
				name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = templatestyles }
			}
		else
			return ''
		end
	end
	
	local plainlist_styles = add_list_templatestyles('plainlist', cfg.i18n.templatestyles.plainlist)
	local hlist_styles = add_list_templatestyles('hlist', cfg.i18n.templatestyles.hlist)
	
	-- a second workaround for [[phab:T303378]]
	-- when that issue is fixed, we can actually use has_navbar not to emit the
	-- tag here if we want
	if has_navbar(args.navbar, args.name) and hlist_styles == '' then
		hlist_styles = frame:extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = cfg.i18n.templatestyles.hlist}
		}
	end

	-- hlist -&gt; plainlist is best-effort to preserve old Common.css ordering. [hlist_note]
	return hlist_styles .. plainlist_styles
end

-- work around [[phab:T303378]]
-- for each arg: find all the templatestyles strip markers, insert them into a
-- table. then remove all templatestyles markers from the arg
local function move_hiding_templatestyles(args)
	local gmatch = string.gmatch
	local gsub = string.gsub
	local templatestyles_markers = {}
	local strip_marker_pattern = '(\127[^\127]*UNIQ%-%-templatestyles%-%x+%-QINU[^\127]*\127)'
	for k, arg in pairs(args) do
		for marker in gmatch(arg, strip_marker_pattern) do
			table.insert(templatestyles_markers, marker)
		end
		args[k] = gsub(arg, strip_marker_pattern, '')
	end
	return templatestyles_markers
end

--[[
Main sidebar function. Takes the frame, args, and an optional collapsibleClass.
The collapsibleClass is and should be used only for sidebars with collapsible
lists, as in p.collapsible.
]]
function p.sidebar(frame, args, collapsibleClass)
	if not args then
		args = getArgs(frame)
	end
	local hiding_templatestyles = table.concat(move_hiding_templatestyles(args))
	local root = mw.html.create()
	local child = args.child and mw.text.trim(args.child) == cfg.i18n.child_yes

	root = root:tag('table')
	if not child then
		root
			:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.sidebar)
			-- force collapsibleClass to be sidebar-collapse otherwise output nothing
			:addClass(collapsibleClass == cfg.i18n.class.collapse and cfg.i18n.class.collapse or nil)
			:addClass('nomobile')
			:addClass(args.float == cfg.i18n.float_none and cfg.i18n.class.float_none or nil)
			:addClass(args.float == cfg.i18n.float_left and cfg.i18n.class.float_left or nil)
			:addClass(args.wraplinks ~= cfg.i18n.wrap_true and cfg.i18n.class.wraplinks or nil)
			:addClass(args.bodyclass or args.class)
			:attr('role', 'navigation')
			:css('width', args.width or nil)
			:cssText(args.bodystyle or args.style)

		if args.outertitle then
			root
				:tag('caption')
					:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.outer_title)
					:addClass(args.outertitleclass)
					:cssText(args.outertitlestyle)
					:wikitext(args.outertitle)
		end

		if args.topimage then
			local imageCell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td')

			imageCell
				:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.top_image)
				:addClass(args.topimageclass)
				:cssText(args.topimagestyle)
				:wikitext(args.topimage)

			if args.topcaption then
				imageCell
					:tag('div')
						:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.top_caption)
						:cssText(args.topcaptionstyle)
						:wikitext(args.topcaption)
			end
		end

		if args.pretitle then
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('td')
						:addClass(args.topimage and cfg.i18n.class.pretitle_with_top_image
							or cfg.i18n.class.pretitle)
						:addClass(args.pretitleclass)
						:cssText(args.basestyle)
						:cssText(args.pretitlestyle)
						:wikitext(args.pretitle)
		end
	else
		root
			:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.subgroup)
			:addClass(args.bodyclass or args.class)
			:cssText(args.bodystyle or args.style)
	end

	if args.title then
		if child then
			root
				:wikitext(args.title)
		else
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('th')
						:addClass(args.pretitle and cfg.i18n.class.title_with_pretitle
							or cfg.i18n.class.title)
						:addClass(args.titleclass)
						:cssText(args.basestyle)
						:cssText(args.titlestyle)
						:wikitext(args.title)
		end
	end

	if args.image then
		local imageCell = root:tag('tr'):tag('td')

		imageCell
			:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.image)
			:addClass(args.imageclass)
			:cssText(args.imagestyle)
			:wikitext(args.image)

		if args.caption then
			imageCell
				:tag('div')
					:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.caption)
					:cssText(args.captionstyle)
					:wikitext(args.caption)
		end
	end

	if args.above then
		root
			:tag('tr')
				:tag('td')
					:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.above)
					:addClass(args.aboveclass)
					:cssText(args.abovestyle)
					:newline() -- newline required for bullet-points to work
					:wikitext(args.above)
	end

	local rowNums = {}
	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		k = '' .. k
		local num = k:match('^heading(%d+)$') or k:match('^content(%d+)$')
		if num then table.insert(rowNums, tonumber(num)) end
	end
	table.sort(rowNums)
	-- remove duplicates from the list (e.g. 3 will be duplicated if both heading3
	-- and content3 are specified)
	for i = #rowNums, 1, -1 do
		if rowNums[i] == rowNums[i - 1] then
			table.remove(rowNums, i)
		end
	end

	local hasChild = false
	for i, num in ipairs(rowNums) do
		local heading = args['heading' .. num]
		if heading then
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('th')
						:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.heading)
						:addClass(args.headingclass)
						:addClass(args['heading' .. num .. 'class'])
						:cssText(args.basestyle)
						:cssText(args.headingstyle)
						:cssText(args['heading' .. num .. 'style'])
						:newline()
						:wikitext(heading)
		end

		local content = args['content' .. num]
		if content then
			local baseContentClass = cfg.i18n.class.content
			if detectChild(content) then
				baseContentClass = cfg.i18n.class.content_with_subgroup
				hasChild = true
			end
			root
				:tag('tr')
					:tag('td')
						:addClass(baseContentClass)
						:addClass(args.contentclass)
						:addClass(args['content' .. num .. 'class'])
						:cssText(args.contentstyle)
						:cssText(args['content' .. num .. 'style'])
						:newline()
						:wikitext(content)
						:done()
					 -- Without a linebreak after the &lt;/td&gt;, a nested list like
					 -- &quot;* {{hlist| ...}}&quot; doesn't parse correctly.
					:newline()
		end
	end

	if args.below then
		root
			:tag('tr')
				:tag('td')
					:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.below)
					:addClass(args.belowclass)
					:cssText(args.belowstyle)
					:newline()
					:wikitext(args.below)
	end

	if not child and has_navbar(args.navbar, args.name) then
		root
			:tag('tr')
				:tag('td')
					:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.navbar)
					:cssText(args.navbarstyle)
					:wikitext(require('Module:Navbar')._navbar{
						args.name,
						mini = 1,
						fontstyle = args.navbarfontstyle
					})
	end
	
	local base_templatestyles = ''
	if not child then
		base_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = cfg.i18n.templatestyles.sidebar }
		}
	end
	
	local templatestyles = ''
	if args['templatestyles'] and args['templatestyles'] ~= '' then
		templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['templatestyles'] }
		}
	end
	
	local child_templatestyles = ''
	if args['child templatestyles'] and args['child templatestyles'] ~= '' then
		child_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['child templatestyles'] }
		}
	end
	
	local grandchild_templatestyles = ''
	if args['grandchild templatestyles'] and args['grandchild templatestyles'] ~= '' then
		grandchild_templatestyles = frame:extensionTag{
			name = 'templatestyles', args = { src = args['grandchild templatestyles'] }
		}
	end

	return table.concat({
		add_list_styles(args), -- see [hlist_note] above about ordering
		base_templatestyles,
		templatestyles,
		child_templatestyles,
		grandchild_templatestyles,
		hiding_templatestyles,
		tostring(root),
		(hasChild and cfg.i18n.category.child or ''),
		categorizeTemplatesWithInlineStyles(args)
	})
end

local function list_title(args, is_centered_list_titles, num)
	
	local title_text = trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(args['list' .. num .. 'title']
		or cfg.i18n.default_list_title)

	local title
	if is_centered_list_titles then
		-- collapsible can be finicky, so provide some CSS/HTML to support
		title = mw.html.create('div')
			:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list_title_centered)
			:wikitext(title_text)
	else
		title = mw.html.create()
			:wikitext(title_text)
	end
		
	local title_container = mw.html.create('div')
		:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list_title)
		-- don't /need/ a listnumtitleclass because you can do
		-- .templateclass .listnumclass .sidebar-list-title
		:addClass(args.listtitleclass)
		:cssText(args.basestyle)
		:cssText(args.listtitlestyle)
		:cssText('color: var(--color-base)')
		:cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'titlestyle'])
		:node(title)
		:done()
	
	return title_container
end

--[[
Main entry point for sidebar with collapsible lists.
Does the work of creating the collapsible lists themselves and including them
into the args.
]]
function p.collapsible(frame)
	local args = getArgs(frame)
	if not args.name and
		frame:getParent():getTitle():gsub(cfg.i18n.pattern.collapse_sandbox, '') ==
		cfg.i18n.collapse_title_not_to_add_navbar then
		args.navbar = cfg.i18n.navbar_none
	end

	local contentArgs = {}
	
	local is_centered_list_titles = false
	if args['centered list titles'] and args['centered list titles'] ~= '' then
		is_centered_list_titles = true
	end

	for k, v in pairs(args) do
		local num = string.match(k, '^list(%d+)$')
		if num then
			local expand = args.expanded and
				(args.expanded == 'all' or args.expanded == args['list' .. num .. 'name'])
			local row = mw.html.create('div')
			row
				:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list)
				:addClass('mw-collapsible')
				:addClass((not expand) and 'mw-collapsed' or nil)
				:addClass(args['list' .. num .. 'class'])
				:cssText(args.listframestyle)
				:cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'framestyle'])
				:node(list_title(args, is_centered_list_titles, num))
				:tag('div')
					:addClass(cfg.i18n.class.list_content)
					:addClass('mw-collapsible-content')
					-- don't /need/ a listnumstyleclass because you can do
					-- .templatename .listnumclass .sidebar-list
					:addClass(args.listclass)
					:cssText(args.liststyle)
					:cssText(args['list' .. num .. 'style'])
					:wikitext(trimAndAddAutomaticNewline(args['list' .. num]))

			contentArgs['content' .. num] = tostring(row)
		end
	end

	for k, v in pairs(contentArgs) do
		args[k] = v
	end

	return p.sidebar(frame, args, cfg.i18n.class.collapse)
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>4esitsmrbrm92s3g3av1dblfso2ifay</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>20253</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199217</id>
      <parentid>186588</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T09:32:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199217</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7394" sha1="epm3e20ovd3hjx1oqd66seerghgwfx5" xml:space="preserve">{{ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; width: 22em; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 110%; padding-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px;&quot;&gt;
{{Mainpage featured picture‎}}
{{ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:impact/ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px; background: white; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;
'''ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ'''
*[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pages/sat.wikipedia.org/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%20%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E/all ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]
*[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/sat.wikipedia.org/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%20%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px;&quot;&gt;
{{ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ|box-width=100%|
'''ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ''':
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱓)|᱒᱐᱒᱓]] • [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱔)|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] • [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱕)|᱒᱐᱒᱕]]
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)|᱒᱐᱒᱖]]

'''ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ''':
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ)|ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ]]
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ==
ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ, ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

== ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ===
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱤᱰᱤᱴᱼᱮᱼᱛᱷᱚᱱ:''' ᱗᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ:''' ᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱓:''' ᱗᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ-ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱔᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱯ ᱑᱐''' ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

=== ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ===
* [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕|ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] - ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕|ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] - ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ 

=== ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ===
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ (᱒᱐᱒᱔):''' ᱑᱓ᱼ᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Santali Wiki Regional Conference|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ CIS-A2K ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ (TTT 2024):''' ᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱣᱟᱨ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|ᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔]] (ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ CIS-A2K ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱮᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (ATTT 2025):''' ᱑᱐, ᱑᱑, ᱑᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advanced Train The Trainer 2025|ᱮᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] (ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ IIITH-OKI ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;100px&quot; caption=&quot;Event Photos&quot;&gt;
Santali Wiki Conference 2024.svg|SWC2024
TTT2024 Logo - White Base.jpg|TTT2024 
ATTT 2025 Logo (cropped).png|ATTT 2025
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;clear:both;&quot; /&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%; border: 1px solid #fceb92; background-color: #fdffe7; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center; font-size: 110%;&quot;&gt;Wikipedia Asian Month 2024 Barnstar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; width: 100%; border: none;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:2024 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|center|300px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2024 Barnstar'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | '''Dear {{ROOTPAGENAME}}''',

Thank you for joining us in celebrating the 10th year of Wikipedia Asian Month!&lt;br&gt; 
We truly appreciate your contributions, and we look forward to seeing more articles about Asia written in different languages.

We also hope you continue to participate each year!

'''Sincerely,&lt;br&gt;'''
'''Wikipedia Asian Month User Group'''
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>epm3e20ovd3hjx1oqd66seerghgwfx5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199218</id>
      <parentid>199217</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T09:38:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ */</comment>
      <origin>199218</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7976" sha1="lo9u96p0hrqm16x9hmrbh11n1l4o60a" xml:space="preserve">{{ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; width: 22em; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 110%; padding-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px;&quot;&gt;
{{Mainpage featured picture‎}}
{{ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:impact/ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px; background: white; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;
'''ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ'''
*[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pages/sat.wikipedia.org/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%20%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E/all ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]
*[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/sat.wikipedia.org/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%20%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px;&quot;&gt;
{{ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ|box-width=100%|
'''ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ''':
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱓)|᱒᱐᱒᱓]] • [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱔)|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] • [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱕)|᱒᱐᱒᱕]]
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)|᱒᱐᱒᱖]]

'''ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ''':
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ)|ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ]]
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ==
ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ, ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

== ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ===
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱤᱰᱤᱴᱼᱮᱼᱛᱷᱚᱱ:''' ᱗᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ:''' ᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱓:''' ᱗᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ-ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱔᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱯ ᱑᱐''' ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

=== ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ===
* [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕|ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] - ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕|ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] - ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ 

=== ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ===
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ (᱒᱐᱒᱔):''' ᱑᱓ᱼ᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Santali Wiki Regional Conference|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ CIS-A2K ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ (TTT 2024):''' ᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱣᱟᱨ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|ᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔]] (ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ CIS-A2K ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱮᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (ATTT 2025):''' ᱑᱐, ᱑᱑, ᱑᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advanced Train The Trainer 2025|ᱮᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] (ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ IIITH-OKI ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱒᱐᱒᱖''': ᱔, ᱕ ᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱪᱤ, ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[:m:WikiConference_India_2026|ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱒᱐᱒᱖]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ Wikimedia Foundation, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad ᱟᱨ Wikimedians of Kerala User Group ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱚᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;100px&quot; caption=&quot;Event Photos&quot;&gt;
Santali Wiki Conference 2024.svg|SWC2024
TTT2024 Logo - White Base.jpg|TTT2024 
ATTT 2025 Logo (cropped).png|ATTT 2025
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;clear:both;&quot; /&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%; border: 1px solid #fceb92; background-color: #fdffe7; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center; font-size: 110%;&quot;&gt;Wikipedia Asian Month 2024 Barnstar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; width: 100%; border: none;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:2024 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|center|300px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2024 Barnstar'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | '''Dear {{ROOTPAGENAME}}''',

Thank you for joining us in celebrating the 10th year of Wikipedia Asian Month!&lt;br&gt; 
We truly appreciate your contributions, and we look forward to seeing more articles about Asia written in different languages.

We also hope you continue to participate each year!

'''Sincerely,&lt;br&gt;'''
'''Wikipedia Asian Month User Group'''
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>lo9u96p0hrqm16x9hmrbh11n1l4o60a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199219</id>
      <parentid>199218</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T09:41:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ */</comment>
      <origin>199219</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8031" sha1="begh7xikmd1qgbaw274y66qopknzv8g" xml:space="preserve">{{ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ}}

&lt;div style=&quot;float: right; width: 22em; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid #c8ccd1; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; font-weight: bold; font-size: 110%; padding-bottom: 5px;&quot;&gt;ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱠᱚ&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px;&quot;&gt;
{{Mainpage featured picture‎}}
{{ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ:impact/ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ}}
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px; background: white; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px;&quot;&gt;
'''ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ'''
*[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/pages/sat.wikipedia.org/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%20%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E/all ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ]
*[https://xtools.wmcloud.org/ec/sat.wikipedia.org/%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A7%20%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%9E ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ]
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div style=&quot;margin-top: 10px;&quot;&gt;
{{ᱢᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ|box-width=100%|
'''ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ''':
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱓)|᱒᱐᱒᱓]] • [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱔)|᱒᱐᱒᱔]] • [[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱕)|᱒᱐᱒᱕]]
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱒᱖)|᱒᱐᱒᱖]]

'''ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ''':
[[ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ:ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ)|ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱩᱨᱤᱛ]]
}}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
== ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ==
ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱦᱟᱨ, ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱢ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱰᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱤᱧ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱲᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

== ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ===
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱕ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱤᱰᱤᱴᱼᱮᱼᱛᱷᱚᱱ:''' ᱗᱕ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱪᱚᱠᱨᱚ ᱥᱟᱸᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ:''' ᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱓:''' ᱗᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ-ᱚᱥᱚᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱚᱱᱛᱚᱨ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱯᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱯᱷᱮᱢᱤᱱᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱳᱠᱞᱳᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱔᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱚᱯ ᱑᱐''' ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱔:''' ᱑᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾

=== ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ===
* [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕|ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱠ ᱨᱟᱭᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢᱥ ᱠᱮᱢᱯᱮᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] - ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ
* [[ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ:ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕|ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱳ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] - ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ 

=== ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ===
* '''ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ (᱒᱐᱒᱔):''' ᱑᱓ᱼ᱑᱔ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Santali Wiki Regional Conference|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ CIS-A2K ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ (TTT 2024):''' ᱑᱙-᱒᱐ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱵᱽᱱᱮᱥᱣᱟᱨ, ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:CIS-A2K/Events/Train the Trainer Program/2024|ᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱔]] (ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ CIS-A2K ᱟᱨ ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱮᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱮᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ (ATTT 2025):''' ᱑᱐, ᱑᱑, ᱑᱒ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ, ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ, ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ [[:m:IIITH-OKI/Advanced Train The Trainer 2025|ᱮᱴᱤᱴᱤᱴᱤ ᱒᱐᱒᱕]] (ᱮᱰᱵᱷᱟᱱᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱕) ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱸᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ IIITH-OKI ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
* '''ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱒᱐᱒᱖''': ᱔, ᱕ ᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱳᱪᱤ, ᱠᱮᱨᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[:m:WikiConference_India_2026|ᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱒᱐᱒᱖]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱮᱱᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱹᱧ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ Wikimedia Foundation, International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad ᱟᱨ Wikimedians of Kerala User Group ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱚᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;100px&quot; caption=&quot;Event Photos&quot;&gt;
Santali Wiki Conference 2024.svg|SWC 2024
TTT2024 Logo - White Base.jpg|TTT 2024 
ATTT 2025 Logo (cropped).png|ATTT 2025
WikiConference India 2026 - Horizontal.png|WCI 2026 
&lt;/gallery&gt;
&lt;br style=&quot;clear:both;&quot; /&gt;

== ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱥᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%; border: 1px solid #fceb92; background-color: #fdffe7; padding: 5px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-align: center; font-size: 110%;&quot;&gt;Wikipedia Asian Month 2024 Barnstar&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;mw-collapsible-content&quot;&gt;
{| style=&quot;background-color: #fdffe7; width: 100%; border: none;&quot;
|rowspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 5px;&quot; | [[File:2024 Wikipedia Asian Month Barnstar.png|center|300px]]
|style=&quot;font-size: x-large; padding: 3px 3px 0 3px; height: 1.5em;&quot; | '''Wikipedia Asian Month 2024 Barnstar'''
|-
|style=&quot;vertical-align: middle; padding: 3px;&quot; | '''Dear {{ROOTPAGENAME}}''',

Thank you for joining us in celebrating the 10th year of Wikipedia Asian Month!&lt;br&gt; 
We truly appreciate your contributions, and we look forward to seeing more articles about Asia written in different languages.

We also hope you continue to participate each year!

'''Sincerely,&lt;br&gt;'''
'''Wikipedia Asian Month User Group'''
|}
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</text>
      <sha1>begh7xikmd1qgbaw274y66qopknzv8g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ-ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>28733</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199165</id>
      <parentid>156543</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T02:08:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-55707-78</username>
        <id>11789</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ vande Bharat Express Lucknow to New Delhi</comment>
      <origin>199165</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9751" sha1="suhk1zfby3zlytzg9mvwvpjvi1f833d" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox rail service
|color=28457D
|name=Vande Bharat Express Lucknow to New Delhi Lucknow junction subah 6 10 per chalegi
|logo=
|logo_width=50px
|image=Chhoti line per daudegi Lucknow junction
|image_width=300px
|caption=bahut badhiya hai abhi abhi train roj chalegi
|type=Vande Bharat Express Lucknow tu New Delhi
|locale=Vande Bharat Express Lucknow tu New Delhi
|first=Vande Bharat Express Lucknow to New Delhi
|last=Kanpur Central Ghaziabad Aligarh dungala Etawah fafund Tumna junction 12 00 12 35 New Delhi pahunchegi sham ko 3:30 baje wapas a rahi hai Ghaziabad Aligarh dungala Etawah fafund Tumna junction Unnao 8 00 Kanpur Central Unnao 10:00 baje Lucknow stop
|operator=
|ridership=
|start=
|stops=5
|end=
|distance={{convert|522|km|0|abbr=on}}
|journeytime=᱐᱖ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱑᱕ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ
|frequency=ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ {{efn|ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ}}
|trainnumber=᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑ / ᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒
|line_used=*[[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
*[[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱜᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
|class=ᱮ.ᱥᱤ. ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨ, ᱮ.ᱥᱤ. ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱣᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨ
|seating={{Hlist|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ|ᱨᱳᱴᱮᱴᱤᱵᱩᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱠᱚ}}
|sleeping=ᱵᱟᱝ
|autorack=
|catering=ᱚᱱ-ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱨᱤᱝ
|observation=ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱷᱚᱨᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ
|entertainment={{Hlist|[[ᱣᱟᱭ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭ|ᱚᱱ-ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱣᱟᱭ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭ]]|ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱳᱴᱮᱭᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|[[ᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱠᱮᱴ: ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ#ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱭᱤᱮᱥ ᱑᱒᱙᱓|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱮᱞ]]|ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ|ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱠᱮᱴ|ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱞ ᱦᱳᱞᱰᱟᱨ|ᱴᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱵᱩᱞ}}
|baggage=ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱦᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱠ ᱠᱚ
|otherfacilities=[[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱪ (ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱮᱠᱴᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱪ]]
|stock=[[ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ (ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱥᱮᱴ)#ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱒.᱐]]
|gauge=[[ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ]]&lt;br/&gt;{{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ
|el=
|speed={{cvt|83|km/h|0|abbr=on}} to {{cvt|85|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
|trainlength={{convert|384|m|ft}} (᱑᱖ ᱠᱚᱪ)
|owners=[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]
|maintenance=[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ (MMCT)]]
|map={{Mumbai Central-Gandhinagar Capital VB Express Route}}
|map_state=collapsed
|electrification=[[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
}}

᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒ '''ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ - ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ''ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ''''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ|ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ]], [[ᱵᱳᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱳᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱷᱟᱯᱤ]], [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱛ]], [[ᱵᱚᱰᱳᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱚᱰᱳᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]], [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=telang |first=Kamlesh |title=20901/Mumbai Central - Gandhinagar Capital Vande Bharat Express - Mumbai to Gandhinagar Capital WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-mumbai-central-gandhinagar-capital-vande-bharat-express-20901/186022/12293/2474 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=telang |first=Kamlesh |title=20902/Gandhinagar Capital - Mumbai Central Vande Bharat Express - Gandhinagar Capital to Mumbai WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-gandhinagar-capital-mumbai-central-vande-bharat-express-20902/186023/2474/12293 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2022 |title=Mumbai-Gandhinagar Vande Bharat earns Rs 9.2 crore in ticketing fares in November |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/vande-bharat-earns-rs-9-2-cr-in-ticketing-fares-in-november-8327191/ |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 September 2022 |title=Vande Bharat Express 2.0: PM flags off new train between Gandhinagar and Mumbai, here's all to know |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/vande-bharat-express-20-pm-modi-flags-off-new-train-between-gandhinagar-and-mumbai-348690-2022-09-30 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=Business Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱨᱮᱠ ᱠᱚ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠ ᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢᱵᱩᱨ, ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ''ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱩ ᱢᱟᱱᱤ'' ᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱜᱨᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ (ICF) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱵᱟ==
᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ - ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱓-᱘᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ (᱕᱒-᱕᱓ ᱢᱤᱞ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱒᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱒᱔ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱑᱓᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ (᱘᱑ ᱢᱤᱞ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ==
ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱙ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱩᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱟᱰᱷᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=29 October 2022 |title=Mumbai-Ahmedabad 'Vande Bharat Express' rams into cattle in 3rd such incident; front panel damaged |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mumbai-ahmedabad-vande-bharat-express-damaged-hits-cattle-on-route-atul-station-gujarat-third-incident-in-october-latest-updates-2022-10-29-819692 |access-date=17 December 2022 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==
* [[ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
* [[ᱛᱮᱡᱟᱥ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
* [[ᱜᱟᱛᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
* [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]
* [[ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]

==ᱱᱳᱴᱥ==
{{Notelist}}

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>suhk1zfby3zlytzg9mvwvpjvi1f833d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199166</id>
      <parentid>199165</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T06:00:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Reverted 1 edit by [[Special:Contributions/~2026-55707-78|~2026-55707-78]] ([[User talk:~2026-55707-78|talk]]): Roll back.  (TwinkleGlobal)</comment>
      <origin>199166</origin>
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      <text bytes="10532" sha1="eyxl9z64u273popshqkw6zi2wj28805" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox rail service
|color=28457D
|name=ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ - ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ&lt;br/&gt;''ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ''
|logo=
|logo_width=50px
|image=Gandhinagar Capital - Mumbai Central (20902) Vande Bharat Express.jpg
|image_width=300px
|caption=ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱚᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱳᱴᱮᱞ ᱞᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ]] ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱺᱜᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱭᱟ ᱾
|type=[[ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
|locale=[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]]
|first=᱓᱐ ᱥᱮᱯᱴᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ (ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ)&lt;br/&gt;{{start date and age|df=yes|2022|10|01}} (ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ)
|last=
|operator=[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ (WR)]]
|ridership=
|start={{stnlnk|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ}} '''(MMCT)'''
|stops=5
|end={{stnlnk|ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ}} '''(GNC)'''
|distance={{convert|522|km|0|abbr=on}}
|journeytime=᱐᱖ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱑᱕ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ
|frequency=ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ {{efn|ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ}}
|trainnumber=᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑ / ᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒
|line_used=*[[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
*[[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱜᱟᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]]
|class=ᱮ.ᱥᱤ. ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨ, ᱮ.ᱥᱤ. ᱮᱠᱡᱤᱣᱮᱴᱤᱵᱽ ᱪᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨ
|seating={{Hlist|ᱮᱭᱟᱨᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ|ᱨᱳᱴᱮᱴᱤᱵᱩᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱠᱚ}}
|sleeping=ᱵᱟᱝ
|autorack=
|catering=ᱚᱱ-ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱨᱤᱝ
|observation=ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱷᱚᱨᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ
|entertainment={{Hlist|[[ᱣᱟᱭ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭ|ᱚᱱ-ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱣᱟᱭ-ᱯᱷᱟᱭ]]|ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱳᱴᱮᱭᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ|[[ᱮᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱯᱞᱟᱜᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱠᱮᱴ: ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱴᱟᱭᱤᱯ#ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱭᱤᱮᱥ ᱑᱒᱙᱓|ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱮᱞ]]|ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ|ᱢᱟᱹᱪᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱠᱮᱴ|ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱞ ᱦᱳᱞᱰᱟᱨ|ᱴᱨᱮ ᱴᱤᱵᱩᱞ}}
|baggage=ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱨᱦᱮᱰ ᱨᱮᱠ ᱠᱚ
|otherfacilities=[[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱪ (ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱮᱠᱴᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ)|ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱪ]]
|stock=[[ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ (ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱥᱮᱴ)#ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱱᱰ ᱡᱮᱱᱨᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱒.᱐]]
|gauge=[[ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ]]&lt;br/&gt;{{track gauge|1676mm|allk=on}} ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ
|el=
|speed={{cvt|83|km/h|0|abbr=on}} to {{cvt|85|km/h|0|abbr=on}} (Avg.)
|trainlength={{convert|384|m|ft}} (᱑᱖ ᱠᱚᱪ)
|owners=[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]
|maintenance=[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ (MMCT)]]
|map={{Mumbai Central-Gandhinagar Capital VB Express Route}}
|map_state=collapsed
|electrification=[[25 kV 50 Hz AC]] ᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ
}}

᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒ '''ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ - ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ''ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ''''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ|ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾

==ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ]], [[ᱵᱳᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱳᱨᱤᱵᱷᱚᱞᱤ]], [[ᱵᱷᱟᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱷᱟᱯᱤ]], [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱛ]], [[ᱵᱚᱰᱳᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱵᱚᱰᱳᱫᱚᱨᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]], [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱮᱞ ᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=telang |first=Kamlesh |title=20901/Mumbai Central - Gandhinagar Capital Vande Bharat Express - Mumbai to Gandhinagar Capital WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-mumbai-central-gandhinagar-capital-vande-bharat-express-20901/186022/12293/2474 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=telang |first=Kamlesh |title=20902/Gandhinagar Capital - Mumbai Central Vande Bharat Express - Gandhinagar Capital to Mumbai WR/Western Zone - Railway Enquiry |url=https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-gandhinagar-capital-mumbai-central-vande-bharat-express-20902/186023/2474/12293 |access-date=15 December 2022 |website=indiarailinfo.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=16 December 2022 |title=Mumbai-Gandhinagar Vande Bharat earns Rs 9.2 crore in ticketing fares in November |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/mumbai/vande-bharat-earns-rs-9-2-cr-in-ticketing-fares-in-november-8327191/ |access-date=16 December 2022 |website=The Indian Express |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=30 September 2022 |title=Vande Bharat Express 2.0: PM flags off new train between Gandhinagar and Mumbai, here's all to know |url=https://www.businesstoday.in/latest/economy/story/vande-bharat-express-20-pm-modi-flags-off-new-train-between-gandhinagar-and-mumbai-348690-2022-09-30 |access-date=19 December 2022 |website=Business Today |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱨᱮᱠ ᱠᱚ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱠ ᱤᱱ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱟᱢᱵᱩᱨ, ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ''ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱩ ᱢᱟᱱᱤ'' ᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱱᱴᱮᱜᱨᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱪ ᱯᱷᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤ (ICF) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱥᱮᱵᱟ==
᱒᱐᱙᱐᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱐᱒ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ - ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱓-᱘᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ (᱕᱒-᱕᱓ ᱢᱤᱞ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱩᱸᱴ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱒᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱒᱔ ᱢᱤᱞ) ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱯᱤᱰ ᱑᱓᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ (᱘᱑ ᱢᱤᱞ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ==
ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱰᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱩᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱒᱙ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱦᱤᱞᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱛᱩᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱮ ᱟᱰᱷᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱵᱤᱞᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱚᱭ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sharma |first=Sheenu |date=29 October 2022 |title=Mumbai-Ahmedabad 'Vande Bharat Express' rams into cattle in 3rd such incident; front panel damaged |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/india/mumbai-ahmedabad-vande-bharat-express-damaged-hits-cattle-on-route-atul-station-gujarat-third-incident-in-october-latest-updates-2022-10-29-819692 |access-date=17 December 2022 |website=www.indiatvnews.com |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ==
* [[ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
* [[ᱛᱮᱡᱟᱥ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
* [[ᱜᱟᱛᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]
* [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱨᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]
* [[ᱜᱟᱱᱫᱷᱤᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱮᱯᱤᱴᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]]

==ᱱᱳᱴᱥ==
{{Notelist}}

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30793</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199194</id>
      <parentid>168942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:38:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated.</comment>
      <origin>199194</origin>
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      <text bytes="14366" sha1="3wxev3fo67yq0e3c3of8cr2zrt6fh7z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
| name = ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ
| female = true
| image = 
| caption = 
| full_name = ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2004|10|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = 
| batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
| bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
| role = ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ

| international = true
| country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| oneodi = 
| odidebutdate = 
| odidebutyear = 
| odidebutagainst = 
| odicap = 
| lastodidate = 
| lastodiyear = 
| lastodiagainst = 
| odishirt =

| T20Idebutdate = 17 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2024
| T20Idebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Icap = 86
| lastT20Idate = 19 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2024
| lastT20Iagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Ishirt = 11

| club1 = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| year1 = ᱒᱐᱑᱙–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ
| club2 = [[ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL)|ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]]
| year2 = ᱒᱐᱒᱕–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WT20I]]
| matches1 = 2
| runs1 = 36
| bat avg1 = 36.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 31[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries1 = –
| wickets1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–

| column2 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
| matches2 = 1
| runs2 = 42
| bat avg2 = 21.00
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 26
| deliveries2 = 12
| wickets2 = 0
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–

| column3 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
| matches3 = 31
| runs3 = 813
| bat avg3 = 27.10
| 100s/50s3 = 0/6
| top score3 = 82
| deliveries3 = 708
| wickets3 = 11
| bowl avg3 = 37.54
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/16
| catches/stumpings3 = 6/–

| column4 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐|WT20]]
| matches4 = 37
| runs4 = 632
| bat avg4 = 25.28
| 100s/50s4 = 0/3
| top score4 = 72
| deliveries4 = 246
| wickets4 = 8
| bowl avg4 = 28.37
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 2/15
| catches/stumpings4 = 7/–

| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/raghvi-bist-1255629 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 17 December
| year = 2024
}}
'''ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1255629.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/2443312.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[CricketArchive]] |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐–᱒᱑ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_List_A_Matches.html |title=Women's List A Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱙–᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_Twenty20_Matches.html |title=Women's Twenty20 Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ (᱑᱕᱔ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱙ ᱨᱟᱱ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=उत्तराखंड की राघवी बिष्ट ने जड़ा ऐतिहासिक दोहरा शतक, पारी में लगाए 30 चौके, 4 छक्के |trans-title=Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bisht hit a historic double century, hitting 30 fours and 4 sixes in the innings |work=RajyaSameeksha |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱢᱤᱢᱟ ᱨᱳᱰᱨᱤᱜᱮᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱫᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/interviews/28275-interview-with-uttarakhands-raghvi-bist-double-centurion-who-admires-rohit-sharma.html |title=Interview with Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bist: Double Centurion who admires Rohit Sharma |work=Female Cricket |date=23 December 2022 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/OPdzzIhF |title=India A Women's Squad for multi-format series against Australia A announced |work=BCCI |access-date=24 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚ-ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ (᱕᱐) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=टिहरी की राघवी बिष्ट ने ऑस्ट्रेलिया दौरे को बनाया सफल, तीन मैचों में जड़े तीन अर्धशतक |trans-title=Tehri's Raghavi Bisht made the Australia tour successful, scored three half-centuries in three matches |work=Haldwani Live |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-2024-1443790/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-only-unofficial-test-1443800/match-report-day4 |title=Flintoff's double-strike secures Australia A four-day victory |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_First-Class_Matches.html |title=Women's First-Class Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱑ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢ (ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱤ) ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/women-cricket-news/56603-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-guide-india-e-to-2024-challenger-trophy-win.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist guide India E to 2024 Challenger Trophy Win |work=Female Cricket |date=27 November 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ₹᱑᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.wplt20.com/players/raghvi-bist-wpl-profile-84247 |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|WPL]] |access-date=27 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Sruthi |last=Ravindranath |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wpl-2025-auction-deandra-dottin-lauren-bell-raghvi-bist-and-others-to-watch-out-for-1464852 |title=WPL 2025 auction: Dottin, Bell, Bist and others to watch out for |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/whos-raghvi-bist-the-new-batting-sensation-from-uttarakhand-12172024-1734446317280 |title=Who's Raghvi Bist, the batting sensation from Uttarakhand picked by RCB |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱡᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/jKTSq82Z |title=India's squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=17 December 2024 |date=27 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/womens-t20-worldcup/news/india-name-star-studded-squad-for-the-icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-2024 |title=India name star-studded squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 |work=International Cricket Council |date=27 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱥᱭᱚᱯ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱰᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-wi-women-2024-arundhati-reddy-dropped-kashyap-bist-rawal-handed-maiden-call-ups-1464853 |title=India drop Reddy; Kashyap, Bist, Rawal get maiden call-ups for West Indies series |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/T5XK2exz |title=India's squad for IDFC First Bank T20I &amp; ODI series against West Indies announced |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/west-indies-tour-of-india-2024/57940-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-earn-maiden-call-ups-to-indian-squad-for-west-indies-series.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist Earn Maiden Call-Ups to Indian Squad for West Indies series |work=Female Cricket |date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1459892.html |title=IND Women vs WI Women at DY Patil- December 17, 2024 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/raghvi-bist-makes-her-debut-as-windies-choose-to-field-in-second-t20i-12172024-1734441977081 |title=Raghvi Bist makes her debut as Windies choose to field in second T20I |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱟᱣᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓᱑ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/mandhana-praises-raghvi-richa-as-india-win-home-t20i-series-after-5-years-12192024-1734637346290 |title=Mandhana praises Raghvi, Richa as India win home T20I series after 5 years |work=Cricket.com |date=19 December 2024 |access-date=20 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=1255629}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
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      <comment>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
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      <text bytes="14366" sha1="3wxev3fo67yq0e3c3of8cr2zrt6fh7z" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
| name = ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ
| female = true
| image = 
| caption = 
| full_name = ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2004|10|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = 
| batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
| bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
| role = ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ

| international = true
| country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| oneodi = 
| odidebutdate = 
| odidebutyear = 
| odidebutagainst = 
| odicap = 
| lastodidate = 
| lastodiyear = 
| lastodiagainst = 
| odishirt =

| T20Idebutdate = 17 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2024
| T20Idebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Icap = 86
| lastT20Idate = 19 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2024
| lastT20Iagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Ishirt = 11

| club1 = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| year1 = ᱒᱐᱑᱙–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ
| club2 = [[ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL)|ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]]
| year2 = ᱒᱐᱒᱕–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WT20I]]
| matches1 = 2
| runs1 = 36
| bat avg1 = 36.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 31[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries1 = –
| wickets1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–

| column2 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
| matches2 = 1
| runs2 = 42
| bat avg2 = 21.00
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 26
| deliveries2 = 12
| wickets2 = 0
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–

| column3 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
| matches3 = 31
| runs3 = 813
| bat avg3 = 27.10
| 100s/50s3 = 0/6
| top score3 = 82
| deliveries3 = 708
| wickets3 = 11
| bowl avg3 = 37.54
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/16
| catches/stumpings3 = 6/–

| column4 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐|WT20]]
| matches4 = 37
| runs4 = 632
| bat avg4 = 25.28
| 100s/50s4 = 0/3
| top score4 = 72
| deliveries4 = 246
| wickets4 = 8
| bowl avg4 = 28.37
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 2/15
| catches/stumpings4 = 7/–

| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/raghvi-bist-1255629 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 17 December
| year = 2024
}}
'''ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1255629.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/2443312.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[CricketArchive]] |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐–᱒᱑ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_List_A_Matches.html |title=Women's List A Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱙–᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_Twenty20_Matches.html |title=Women's Twenty20 Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ (᱑᱕᱔ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱙ ᱨᱟᱱ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=उत्तराखंड की राघवी बिष्ट ने जड़ा ऐतिहासिक दोहरा शतक, पारी में लगाए 30 चौके, 4 छक्के |trans-title=Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bisht hit a historic double century, hitting 30 fours and 4 sixes in the innings |work=RajyaSameeksha |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱢᱤᱢᱟ ᱨᱳᱰᱨᱤᱜᱮᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱫᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/interviews/28275-interview-with-uttarakhands-raghvi-bist-double-centurion-who-admires-rohit-sharma.html |title=Interview with Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bist: Double Centurion who admires Rohit Sharma |work=Female Cricket |date=23 December 2022 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/OPdzzIhF |title=India A Women's Squad for multi-format series against Australia A announced |work=BCCI |access-date=24 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚ-ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ (᱕᱐) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=टिहरी की राघवी बिष्ट ने ऑस्ट्रेलिया दौरे को बनाया सफल, तीन मैचों में जड़े तीन अर्धशतक |trans-title=Tehri's Raghavi Bisht made the Australia tour successful, scored three half-centuries in three matches |work=Haldwani Live |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-2024-1443790/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-only-unofficial-test-1443800/match-report-day4 |title=Flintoff's double-strike secures Australia A four-day victory |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_First-Class_Matches.html |title=Women's First-Class Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱑ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢ (ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱤ) ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/women-cricket-news/56603-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-guide-india-e-to-2024-challenger-trophy-win.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist guide India E to 2024 Challenger Trophy Win |work=Female Cricket |date=27 November 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ₹᱑᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.wplt20.com/players/raghvi-bist-wpl-profile-84247 |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|WPL]] |access-date=27 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Sruthi |last=Ravindranath |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wpl-2025-auction-deandra-dottin-lauren-bell-raghvi-bist-and-others-to-watch-out-for-1464852 |title=WPL 2025 auction: Dottin, Bell, Bist and others to watch out for |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/whos-raghvi-bist-the-new-batting-sensation-from-uttarakhand-12172024-1734446317280 |title=Who's Raghvi Bist, the batting sensation from Uttarakhand picked by RCB |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱡᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/jKTSq82Z |title=India's squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=17 December 2024 |date=27 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/womens-t20-worldcup/news/india-name-star-studded-squad-for-the-icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-2024 |title=India name star-studded squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 |work=International Cricket Council |date=27 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱥᱭᱚᱯ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱰᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-wi-women-2024-arundhati-reddy-dropped-kashyap-bist-rawal-handed-maiden-call-ups-1464853 |title=India drop Reddy; Kashyap, Bist, Rawal get maiden call-ups for West Indies series |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/T5XK2exz |title=India's squad for IDFC First Bank T20I &amp; ODI series against West Indies announced |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/west-indies-tour-of-india-2024/57940-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-earn-maiden-call-ups-to-indian-squad-for-west-indies-series.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist Earn Maiden Call-Ups to Indian Squad for West Indies series |work=Female Cricket |date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1459892.html |title=IND Women vs WI Women at DY Patil- December 17, 2024 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/raghvi-bist-makes-her-debut-as-windies-choose-to-field-in-second-t20i-12172024-1734441977081 |title=Raghvi Bist makes her debut as Windies choose to field in second T20I |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱟᱣᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓᱑ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/mandhana-praises-raghvi-richa-as-india-win-home-t20i-series-after-5-years-12192024-1734637346290 |title=Mandhana praises Raghvi, Richa as India win home T20I series after 5 years |work=Cricket.com |date=19 December 2024 |access-date=20 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=1255629}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>3wxev3fo67yq0e3c3of8cr2zrt6fh7z</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199197</id>
      <parentid>199195</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:39:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199197</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14394" sha1="ja2mucusa8uuzavccg3yoyrkjlmh7cq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
| name = ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ
| female = true
| image = 
| caption = 
| full_name = ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱟᱱᱚᱱᱫᱽ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|2004|10|11|df=yes}}
| birth_place = 
| batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
| bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
| role = ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ

| international = true
| country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| oneodi = 
| odidebutdate = 
| odidebutyear = 
| odidebutagainst = 
| odicap = 
| lastodidate = 
| lastodiyear = 
| lastodiagainst = 
| odishirt =

| T20Idebutdate = 17 December
| T20Idebutyear = 2024
| T20Idebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Icap = 86
| lastT20Idate = 19 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2024
| lastT20Iagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Ishirt = 11

| club1 = [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]]
| year1 = ᱒᱐᱑᱙–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ
| club2 = [[ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL)|ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]]
| year2 = ᱒᱐᱒᱕–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ

| columns = 4
| column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WT20I]]
| matches1 = 2
| runs1 = 36
| bat avg1 = 36.00
| 100s/50s1 = 0/0
| top score1 = 31[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries1 = –
| wickets1 = –
| bowl avg1 = –
| fivefor1 = –
| tenfor1 = –
| best bowling1 = –
| catches/stumpings1 = 1/–

| column2 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
| matches2 = 1
| runs2 = 42
| bat avg2 = 21.00
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 26
| deliveries2 = 12
| wickets2 = 0
| bowl avg2 = –
| fivefor2 = –
| tenfor2 = –
| best bowling2 = –
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–

| column3 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
| matches3 = 31
| runs3 = 813
| bat avg3 = 27.10
| 100s/50s3 = 0/6
| top score3 = 82
| deliveries3 = 708
| wickets3 = 11
| bowl avg3 = 37.54
| fivefor3 = 0
| tenfor3 = 0
| best bowling3 = 4/16
| catches/stumpings3 = 6/–

| column4 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐|WT20]]
| matches4 = 37
| runs4 = 632
| bat avg4 = 25.28
| 100s/50s4 = 0/3
| top score4 = 72
| deliveries4 = 246
| wickets4 = 8
| bowl avg4 = 28.37
| fivefor4 = 0
| tenfor4 = 0
| best bowling4 = 2/15
| catches/stumpings4 = 7/–

| source = https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/raghvi-bist-1255629 ESPNcricinfo
| date = 17 December
| year = 2024
}}
'''ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱑᱑ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱔) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/content/player/1255629.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/2443312.html |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[CricketArchive]] |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐–᱒᱑ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_List_A_Matches.html |title=Women's List A Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱑᱙–᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_Twenty20_Matches.html |title=Women's Twenty20 Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ (᱑᱕᱔ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱙ ᱨᱟᱱ) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=उत्तराखंड की राघवी बिष्ट ने जड़ा ऐतिहासिक दोहरा शतक, पारी में लगाए 30 चौके, 4 छक्के |trans-title=Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bisht hit a historic double century, hitting 30 fours and 4 sixes in the innings |work=RajyaSameeksha |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱢᱤᱢᱟ ᱨᱳᱰᱨᱤᱜᱮᱥ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱭᱩ-᱑᱙ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱴᱩᱨᱱᱟᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱨᱟ ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ ᱜᱤᱫᱤᱨᱤᱡ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹᱭ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/interviews/28275-interview-with-uttarakhands-raghvi-bist-double-centurion-who-admires-rohit-sharma.html |title=Interview with Uttarakhand's Raghvi Bist: Double Centurion who admires Rohit Sharma |work=Female Cricket |date=23 December 2022 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱫᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/OPdzzIhF |title=India A Women's Squad for multi-format series against Australia A announced |work=BCCI |access-date=24 October 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮ-ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚ-ᱥᱚᱛᱚᱠ (᱕᱐) ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://haldwanilive.com/raghvi-bisht-scored-three-fifty-in-australia/ |title=टिहरी की राघवी बिष्ट ने ऑस्ट्रेलिया दौरे को बनाया सफल, तीन मैचों में जड़े तीन अर्धशतक |trans-title=Tehri's Raghavi Bisht made the Australia tour successful, scored three half-centuries in three matches |work=Haldwani Live |date=22 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ ᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-2024-1443790/australia-a-women-vs-india-a-women-only-unofficial-test-1443800/match-report-day4 |title=Flintoff's double-strike secures Australia A four-day victory |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/2443/2443312/Womens_First-Class_Matches.html |title=Women's First-Class Matches played by Raghvi Bist |work=CricketArchive |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱳᱯᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱑ ᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱑ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱴᱤᱢ (ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱤ) ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱞᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱥᱤᱨᱯᱷᱟᱹᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/women-cricket-news/56603-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-guide-india-e-to-2024-challenger-trophy-win.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist guide India E to 2024 Challenger Trophy Win |work=Female Cricket |date=27 November 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱞᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱤ ₹᱑᱐ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱞᱮᱫᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.wplt20.com/players/raghvi-bist-wpl-profile-84247 |title=Raghvi Bist |work=[[Women's Premier League (cricket)|WPL]] |access-date=27 July 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |first=Sruthi |last=Ravindranath |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/wpl-2025-auction-deandra-dottin-lauren-bell-raghvi-bist-and-others-to-watch-out-for-1464852 |title=WPL 2025 auction: Dottin, Bell, Bist and others to watch out for |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/whos-raghvi-bist-the-new-batting-sensation-from-uttarakhand-12172024-1734446317280 |title=Who's Raghvi Bist, the batting sensation from Uttarakhand picked by RCB |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱡᱚᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/jKTSq82Z |title=India's squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 announced |work=Board of Control for Cricket in India |access-date=17 December 2024 |date=27 August 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.icc-cricket.com/tournaments/womens-t20-worldcup/news/india-name-star-studded-squad-for-the-icc-women-s-t20-world-cup-2024 |title=India name star-studded squad for the ICC Women's T20 World Cup 2024 |work=International Cricket Council |date=27 August 2024 |access-date=17 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;
ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱡᱚᱴᱟᱣ ᱱᱚᱱᱫᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱟᱥᱭᱚᱯ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱰᱟᱠᱨᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/ind-vs-wi-women-2024-arundhati-reddy-dropped-kashyap-bist-rawal-handed-maiden-call-ups-1464853 |title=India drop Reddy; Kashyap, Bist, Rawal get maiden call-ups for West Indies series |work=[[ESPNcricinfo]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.bcci.tv/bccilink/articles/T5XK2exz |title=India's squad for IDFC First Bank T20I &amp; ODI series against West Indies announced |work=[[Board of Control for Cricket in India]] |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://femalecricket.com/west-indies-tour-of-india-2024/57940-nandini-kashyap-and-raghvi-bist-earn-maiden-call-ups-to-indian-squad-for-west-indies-series.html |title=Nandini Kashyap and Raghvi Bist Earn Maiden Call-Ups to Indian Squad for West Indies series |work=Female Cricket |date=13 December 2024 |access-date=13 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱰᱤᱥᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/1459892.html |title=IND Women vs WI Women at DY Patil- December 17, 2024 |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/raghvi-bist-makes-her-debut-as-windies-choose-to-field-in-second-t20i-12172024-1734441977081 |title=Raghvi Bist makes her debut as Windies choose to field in second T20I |work=Cricket.com |date=17 December 2024 |access-date=18 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱛᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱟᱣᱩᱴ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱓᱑ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.cricket.com/news/mandhana-praises-raghvi-richa-as-india-win-home-t20i-series-after-5-years-12192024-1734637346290 |title=Mandhana praises Raghvi, Richa as India win home T20I series after 5 years |work=Cricket.com |date=19 December 2024 |access-date=20 December 2024}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=1255629}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱒᱐᱐᱔ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨᱟᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>ja2mucusa8uuzavccg3yoyrkjlmh7cq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30794</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199200</id>
      <parentid>168944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:44:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199200</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6166" sha1="s8h5lygpho62s2sza3dpwqhz5274llo" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
| name = ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ
| female = true
| image = 
| country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|4|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ]], [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
| bowling = ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱤ ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱳᱰᱚᱠᱥ
| role = ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ
| international = true
| odidebutdate = 19 February
| odidebutyear = 2016
| odidebutagainst = ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ
| odicap = 116
| oneodi = true
| T20Idebutdate = 18 November
| T20Idebutyear = 2016
| T20Idebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Icap = 52
| lastT20Idate = 4 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2016
| lastT20Iagainst = ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ
| club1 = [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|᱒᱐᱑᱐/᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱘/᱑᱙}}
| club2 = [[ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ]]
| year2 = ᱒᱐᱑᱙/᱒᱐–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ
| club3 = {{nowrap|[[ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL)|ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]]}}
| year3 = ᱒᱐᱒᱓
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = –
| bat avg1 = –
| 100s/50s1 = –
| top score1 = –
| deliveries1 = 48
| wickets1 = 2
| bowl avg1 = 4.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/8
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WT20I]]
| matches2 = 5
| runs2 = 2
| bat avg2 = –
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 2[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries2 = 96
| wickets2 = 5
| bowl avg2 = 15.80
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 3/14
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–
| date = 12 November
| year = 2019
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/709843.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cricinfo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/709843.html |title=Preeti Bose |accessdate=16 May 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=aaa/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ, ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Haryana women cricketers |url=https://pen18.com/haryana-women-cricketers/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |publisher=pen18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore Women Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-premier-league-2022-23-1348825/royal-challengers-bangalore-women-squad-1358891/series-squads |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱳᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=aaa&gt;[http://www.espncricinfo.com/women/content/story/967973.html Preeti Bose, Deepti Sharma in India Women ODI squad]&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India vs Pakistan, Women's Asia Cup T20 Final: IND beat PAK by 17 runs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-pakistan-women-s-asia-cup-t20-final-live-cricket-score/story-Dn22noJ82GNoE3wNBLFQsJ.html |access-date=4 Dec 2016 |publisher=hindustantimes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/preeti-bose-709843 ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ] [[ESPNcricinfo]] ᱨᱮ

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>s8h5lygpho62s2sza3dpwqhz5274llo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199201</id>
      <parentid>199200</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:44:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ]]; added [[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>199201</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6159" sha1="maypus3xhh158b0z9r40ar3h0cre8di" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
| name = ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ
| female = true
| image = 
| country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|4|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ]], [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
| bowling = ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱤ ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱳᱰᱚᱠᱥ
| role = ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ
| international = true
| odidebutdate = 19 February
| odidebutyear = 2016
| odidebutagainst = ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ
| odicap = 116
| oneodi = true
| T20Idebutdate = 18 November
| T20Idebutyear = 2016
| T20Idebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Icap = 52
| lastT20Idate = 4 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2016
| lastT20Iagainst = ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ
| club1 = [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|᱒᱐᱑᱐/᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱘/᱑᱙}}
| club2 = [[ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ]]
| year2 = ᱒᱐᱑᱙/᱒᱐–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ
| club3 = {{nowrap|[[ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL)|ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]]}}
| year3 = ᱒᱐᱒᱓
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = –
| bat avg1 = –
| 100s/50s1 = –
| top score1 = –
| deliveries1 = 48
| wickets1 = 2
| bowl avg1 = 4.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/8
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WT20I]]
| matches2 = 5
| runs2 = 2
| bat avg2 = –
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 2[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries2 = 96
| wickets2 = 5
| bowl avg2 = 15.80
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 3/14
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–
| date = 12 November
| year = 2019
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/709843.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cricinfo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/709843.html |title=Preeti Bose |accessdate=16 May 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=aaa/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ, ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Haryana women cricketers |url=https://pen18.com/haryana-women-cricketers/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |publisher=pen18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore Women Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-premier-league-2022-23-1348825/royal-challengers-bangalore-women-squad-1358891/series-squads |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱳᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=aaa&gt;[http://www.espncricinfo.com/women/content/story/967973.html Preeti Bose, Deepti Sharma in India Women ODI squad]&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India vs Pakistan, Women's Asia Cup T20 Final: IND beat PAK by 17 runs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-pakistan-women-s-asia-cup-t20-final-live-cricket-score/story-Dn22noJ82GNoE3wNBLFQsJ.html |access-date=4 Dec 2016 |publisher=hindustantimes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/preeti-bose-709843 ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ] [[ESPNcricinfo]] ᱨᱮ

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>maypus3xhh158b0z9r40ar3h0cre8di</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199202</id>
      <parentid>199201</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:45:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>removed [[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ]]; added [[Category:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>199202</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6173" sha1="0ij1b6ed5pmh0b1gax0dl94ywho475w" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
| name = ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ
| female = true
| image = 
| country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1992|4|20|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ]], [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
| death_date = 
| death_place = 
| batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
| bowling = ᱞᱮᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱤ ᱚᱨᱛᱷᱳᱰᱚᱠᱥ
| role = ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱨ
| international = true
| odidebutdate = 19 February
| odidebutyear = 2016
| odidebutagainst = ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ
| odicap = 116
| oneodi = true
| T20Idebutdate = 18 November
| T20Idebutyear = 2016
| T20Idebutagainst = ᱣᱮᱥᱴ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱡᱽ
| T20Icap = 52
| lastT20Idate = 4 December
| lastT20Iyear = 2016
| lastT20Iagainst = ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ
| club1 = [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
| year1 = {{nowrap|᱒᱐᱑᱐/᱑᱑–᱒᱐᱑᱘/᱑᱙}}
| club2 = [[ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ]]
| year2 = ᱒᱐᱑᱙/᱒᱐–ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ
| club3 = {{nowrap|[[ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL)|ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ]]}}
| year3 = ᱒᱐᱒᱓
| columns = 2
| column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
| matches1 = 1
| runs1 = –
| bat avg1 = –
| 100s/50s1 = –
| top score1 = –
| deliveries1 = 48
| wickets1 = 2
| bowl avg1 = 4.00
| fivefor1 = 0
| tenfor1 = 0
| best bowling1 = 2/8
| catches/stumpings1 = 0/–
| column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WT20I]]
| matches2 = 5
| runs2 = 2
| bat avg2 = –
| 100s/50s2 = 0/0
| top score2 = 2[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
| deliveries2 = 96
| wickets2 = 5
| bowl avg2 = 15.80
| fivefor2 = 0
| tenfor2 = 0
| best bowling2 = 3/14
| catches/stumpings2 = 1/–
| date = 12 November
| year = 2019
| source = http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/709843.html ESPNcricinfo
}}
'''ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱒᱐ ᱮᱯᱨᱤᱞ ᱑᱙᱙᱒) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]]ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cricinfo&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.espncricinfo.com/india/content/player/709843.html |title=Preeti Bose |accessdate=16 May 2016 |work=ESPNcricinfo}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=aaa/&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ, ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮᱡᱽ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Haryana women cricketers |url=https://pen18.com/haryana-women-cricketers/ |access-date=16 May 2022 |publisher=pen18 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱯᱨᱤᱢᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱤᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Royal Challengers Bangalore Women Squad |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/series/women-s-premier-league-2022-23-1348825/royal-challengers-bangalore-women-squad-1358891/series-squads |work=ESPNcricinfo |access-date=3 October 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙ ᱯᱷᱮᱵᱽᱨᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱳᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=aaa&gt;[http://www.espncricinfo.com/women/content/story/967973.html Preeti Bose, Deepti Sharma in India Women ODI squad]&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱮᱝᱠᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱒᱐᱑᱖ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ ᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱟᱭᱴᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=India vs Pakistan, Women's Asia Cup T20 Final: IND beat PAK by 17 runs |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/cricket/india-vs-pakistan-women-s-asia-cup-t20-final-live-cricket-score/story-Dn22noJ82GNoE3wNBLFQsJ.html |access-date=4 Dec 2016 |publisher=hindustantimes}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* [https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/preeti-bose-709843 ᱯᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱵᱳᱥ] [[ESPNcricinfo]] ᱨᱮ

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱚᱭᱟᱞ ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱧᱡᱚᱨᱥ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱩᱨᱩ (WPL) ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱳᱱᱤᱯᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱣᱮᱱᱴᱤ᱒᱐ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>0ij1b6ed5pmh0b1gax0dl94ywho475w</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱰᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>30801</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199191</id>
      <parentid>168959</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:32:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Update.</comment>
      <origin>199191</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9291" sha1="igd0bnncnrmwa9g7ii1kssckl43ptbp" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
|                name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|              female = true
|               image = Kalyani Dhokarikar.jpg 
|             country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|           full_name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|            nickname = 
|          birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|5|9|df=yes}}
|         birth_place = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|            heightft = 
|          heightinch =           
|             batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
|             bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
|                role = [[ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ]]

|       international = true
|   internationalspan = 1995–2000

|             onetest = true
|       testdebutdate = 15 July
|       testdebutyear = 1995
|    testdebutagainst = ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|             testcap = 48

|        odidebutdate = 23 February
|        odidebutyear = 1995
|     odidebutagainst = ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|              odicap = 48
|         lastodidate = 11 December
|         lastodiyear = 2000
|      lastodiagainst = ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ

|               club1 = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]]
|               year1 = {{nowrap|1982–2000}}

|             columns = 4

|             column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WTest]]
|            matches1 = 1
|               runs1 = 25
|            bat avg1 = 25.00
|           100s/50s1 = 0/0
|          top score1 = 21
|         deliveries1 = 192
|            wickets1 = 2
|           bowl avg1 = 28.00
|            fivefor1 = 0
|             tenfor1 = 0
|       best bowling1 = 1/17
|  catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

|             column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
|            matches2 = 8
|               runs2 = 24
|            bat avg2 = 4.80
|           100s/50s2 = 0/0
|          top score2 = 11
|         deliveries2 = 240
|            wickets2 = 3
|           bowl avg2 = 39.00
|            fivefor2 = 0
|             tenfor2 = 0
|       best bowling2 = 2/20
|  catches/stumpings2 = 0/–

|             column3 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
|            matches3 = 5
|               runs3 = 113
|            bat avg3 = 56.50
|           100s/50s3 = 0/1
|          top score3 = 56[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries3 = 432
|            wickets3 = 12
|           bowl avg3 = 18.58
|            fivefor3 = 1
|             tenfor3 = 0
|       best bowling3 = 7/60
|  catches/stumpings3 = 0/–

|             column4 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
|            matches4 = 38
|               runs4 = 867
|            bat avg4 = 41.28
|           100s/50s4 = 1/8
|          top score4 = 107[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries4 = 946
|            wickets4 = 31
|           bowl avg4 = 17.83
|            fivefor4 = 0
|             tenfor4 = 0
|       best bowling4 = 4/15
|  catches/stumpings4 = 6/–

|                date = 18 August
|                year = 2022
|              source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html CricketArchive
|caption=ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ}}
'''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalyani Dhokarikar Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kalyani-dhokarikar-54281 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱷᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱯᱷᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱱᱮ|ᱯᱩᱱᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱯᱚᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ-ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱤᱝᱞᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Home of CricketArchive |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=cricketarchive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=54281}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhokarikar, Kalyani}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>igd0bnncnrmwa9g7ii1kssckl43ptbp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199192</id>
      <parentid>199191</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:32:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>199192</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9351" sha1="sp46fcmziinbintekfn69gv8aph4iu7" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
|                name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|              female = true
|               image = Kalyani Dhokarikar.jpg 
|             country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|           full_name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|            nickname = 
|          birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|5|9|df=yes}}
|         birth_place = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|            heightft = 
|          heightinch =           
|             batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
|             bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
|                role = [[ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ]]

|       international = true
|   internationalspan = 1995–2000

|             onetest = true
|       testdebutdate = 15 July
|       testdebutyear = 1995
|    testdebutagainst = ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|             testcap = 48

|        odidebutdate = 23 February
|        odidebutyear = 1995
|     odidebutagainst = ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|              odicap = 48
|         lastodidate = 11 December
|         lastodiyear = 2000
|      lastodiagainst = ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ

|               club1 = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]]
|               year1 = {{nowrap|1982–2000}}

|             columns = 4

|             column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WTest]]
|            matches1 = 1
|               runs1 = 25
|            bat avg1 = 25.00
|           100s/50s1 = 0/0
|          top score1 = 21
|         deliveries1 = 192
|            wickets1 = 2
|           bowl avg1 = 28.00
|            fivefor1 = 0
|             tenfor1 = 0
|       best bowling1 = 1/17
|  catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

|             column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
|            matches2 = 8
|               runs2 = 24
|            bat avg2 = 4.80
|           100s/50s2 = 0/0
|          top score2 = 11
|         deliveries2 = 240
|            wickets2 = 3
|           bowl avg2 = 39.00
|            fivefor2 = 0
|             tenfor2 = 0
|       best bowling2 = 2/20
|  catches/stumpings2 = 0/–

|             column3 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
|            matches3 = 5
|               runs3 = 113
|            bat avg3 = 56.50
|           100s/50s3 = 0/1
|          top score3 = 56[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries3 = 432
|            wickets3 = 12
|           bowl avg3 = 18.58
|            fivefor3 = 1
|             tenfor3 = 0
|       best bowling3 = 7/60
|  catches/stumpings3 = 0/–

|             column4 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
|            matches4 = 38
|               runs4 = 867
|            bat avg4 = 41.28
|           100s/50s4 = 1/8
|          top score4 = 107[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries4 = 946
|            wickets4 = 31
|           bowl avg4 = 17.83
|            fivefor4 = 0
|             tenfor4 = 0
|       best bowling4 = 4/15
|  catches/stumpings4 = 6/–

|                date = 18 August
|                year = 2022
|              source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html CricketArchive
|caption=ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ}}
'''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalyani Dhokarikar Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kalyani-dhokarikar-54281 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱷᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱯᱷᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱱᱮ|ᱯᱩᱱᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱯᱚᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ-ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱤᱝᱞᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Home of CricketArchive |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=cricketarchive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=54281}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhokarikar, Kalyani}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>sp46fcmziinbintekfn69gv8aph4iu7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199193</id>
      <parentid>199192</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:32:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>added [[Category:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]] using [[Help:Gadget-HotCat|HotCat]]</comment>
      <origin>199193</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9394" sha1="441fkml9qhev1takc98nob9bx2pgfqn" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
|                name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|              female = true
|               image = Kalyani Dhokarikar.jpg 
|             country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|           full_name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|            nickname = 
|          birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|5|9|df=yes}}
|         birth_place = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|            heightft = 
|          heightinch =           
|             batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
|             bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
|                role = [[ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ]]

|       international = true
|   internationalspan = 1995–2000

|             onetest = true
|       testdebutdate = 15 July
|       testdebutyear = 1995
|    testdebutagainst = ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|             testcap = 48

|        odidebutdate = 23 February
|        odidebutyear = 1995
|     odidebutagainst = ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|              odicap = 48
|         lastodidate = 11 December
|         lastodiyear = 2000
|      lastodiagainst = ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ

|               club1 = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]]
|               year1 = {{nowrap|1982–2000}}

|             columns = 4

|             column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WTest]]
|            matches1 = 1
|               runs1 = 25
|            bat avg1 = 25.00
|           100s/50s1 = 0/0
|          top score1 = 21
|         deliveries1 = 192
|            wickets1 = 2
|           bowl avg1 = 28.00
|            fivefor1 = 0
|             tenfor1 = 0
|       best bowling1 = 1/17
|  catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

|             column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
|            matches2 = 8
|               runs2 = 24
|            bat avg2 = 4.80
|           100s/50s2 = 0/0
|          top score2 = 11
|         deliveries2 = 240
|            wickets2 = 3
|           bowl avg2 = 39.00
|            fivefor2 = 0
|             tenfor2 = 0
|       best bowling2 = 2/20
|  catches/stumpings2 = 0/–

|             column3 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
|            matches3 = 5
|               runs3 = 113
|            bat avg3 = 56.50
|           100s/50s3 = 0/1
|          top score3 = 56[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries3 = 432
|            wickets3 = 12
|           bowl avg3 = 18.58
|            fivefor3 = 1
|             tenfor3 = 0
|       best bowling3 = 7/60
|  catches/stumpings3 = 0/–

|             column4 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
|            matches4 = 38
|               runs4 = 867
|            bat avg4 = 41.28
|           100s/50s4 = 1/8
|          top score4 = 107[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries4 = 946
|            wickets4 = 31
|           bowl avg4 = 17.83
|            fivefor4 = 0
|             tenfor4 = 0
|       best bowling4 = 4/15
|  catches/stumpings4 = 6/–

|                date = 18 August
|                year = 2022
|              source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html CricketArchive
|caption=ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ}}
'''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalyani Dhokarikar Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kalyani-dhokarikar-54281 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱷᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱯᱷᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱱᱮ|ᱯᱩᱱᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱯᱚᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ-ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱤᱝᱞᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱷᱚᱨᱳᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Home of CricketArchive |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=cricketarchive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=54281}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhokarikar, Kalyani}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199198</id>
      <parentid>199193</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:40:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199198</origin>
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      <text bytes="9408" sha1="h06jn3jgaps4augt4y334ptyzbvqe7p" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
|                name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|              female = true
|               image = Kalyani Dhokarikar.jpg 
|             country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|           full_name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|            nickname = 
|          birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|5|9|df=yes}}
|         birth_place = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|            heightft = 
|          heightinch =           
|             batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
|             bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
|                role = [[ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ]]

|       international = true
|   internationalspan = 1995–2000

|             onetest = true
|       testdebutdate = 15 July
|       testdebutyear = 1995
|    testdebutagainst = ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|             testcap = 48

|        odidebutdate = 23 February
|        odidebutyear = 1995
|     odidebutagainst = ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|              odicap = 48
|         lastodidate = 11 December
|         lastodiyear = 2000
|      lastodiagainst = ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ

|               club1 = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]]
|               year1 = {{nowrap|1982–2000}}

|             columns = 4

|             column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WTest]]
|            matches1 = 1
|               runs1 = 25
|            bat avg1 = 25.00
|           100s/50s1 = 0/0
|          top score1 = 21
|         deliveries1 = 192
|            wickets1 = 2
|           bowl avg1 = 28.00
|            fivefor1 = 0
|             tenfor1 = 0
|       best bowling1 = 1/17
|  catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

|             column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
|            matches2 = 8
|               runs2 = 24
|            bat avg2 = 4.80
|           100s/50s2 = 0/0
|          top score2 = 11
|         deliveries2 = 240
|            wickets2 = 3
|           bowl avg2 = 39.00
|            fivefor2 = 0
|             tenfor2 = 0
|       best bowling2 = 2/20
|  catches/stumpings2 = 0/–

|             column3 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
|            matches3 = 5
|               runs3 = 113
|            bat avg3 = 56.50
|           100s/50s3 = 0/1
|          top score3 = 56[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries3 = 432
|            wickets3 = 12
|           bowl avg3 = 18.58
|            fivefor3 = 1
|             tenfor3 = 0
|       best bowling3 = 7/60
|  catches/stumpings3 = 0/–

|             column4 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
|            matches4 = 38
|               runs4 = 867
|            bat avg4 = 41.28
|           100s/50s4 = 1/8
|          top score4 = 107[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries4 = 946
|            wickets4 = 31
|           bowl avg4 = 17.83
|            fivefor4 = 0
|             tenfor4 = 0
|       best bowling4 = 4/15
|  catches/stumpings4 = 6/–

|                date = 18 August
|                year = 2022
|              source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html CricketArchive
|caption=ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ}}
'''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalyani Dhokarikar Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kalyani-dhokarikar-54281 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱷᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱯᱷᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱱᱮ|ᱯᱩᱱᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱯᱚᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ-ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱤᱝᱞᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Home of CricketArchive |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=cricketarchive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=54281}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhokarikar, Kalyani}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]</text>
      <sha1>h06jn3jgaps4augt4y334ptyzbvqe7p</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199199</id>
      <parentid>199198</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:40:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199199</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="9408" sha1="6rj7mwt6mm39iocrqvi69ijz1p8qy08" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox cricketer
|                name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|              female = true
|               image = Kalyani Dhokarikar.jpg 
|             country = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|           full_name = ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ
|            nickname = 
|          birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1971|5|9|df=yes}}
|         birth_place = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
|            heightft = 
|          heightinch =           
|             batting = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ
|             bowling = ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ [[ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ|ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ]]
|                role = [[ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ]]

|       international = true
|   internationalspan = 1995–2000

|             onetest = true
|       testdebutdate = 15 July
|       testdebutyear = 1995
|    testdebutagainst = ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|             testcap = 48

|        odidebutdate = 23 February
|        odidebutyear = 1995
|     odidebutagainst = ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ
|              odicap = 48
|         lastodidate = 11 December
|         lastodiyear = 2000
|      lastodiagainst = ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ

|               club1 = [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ|ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]]
|               year1 = {{nowrap|1982–2000}}

|             columns = 4

|             column1 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WTest]]
|            matches1 = 1
|               runs1 = 25
|            bat avg1 = 25.00
|           100s/50s1 = 0/0
|          top score1 = 21
|         deliveries1 = 192
|            wickets1 = 2
|           bowl avg1 = 28.00
|            fivefor1 = 0
|             tenfor1 = 0
|       best bowling1 = 1/17
|  catches/stumpings1 = 0/–

|             column2 = [[ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ|WODI]]
|            matches2 = 8
|               runs2 = 24
|            bat avg2 = 4.80
|           100s/50s2 = 0/0
|          top score2 = 11
|         deliveries2 = 240
|            wickets2 = 3
|           bowl avg2 = 39.00
|            fivefor2 = 0
|             tenfor2 = 0
|       best bowling2 = 2/20
|  catches/stumpings2 = 0/–

|             column3 = [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱴ-ᱠᱞᱟᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WFC]]
|            matches3 = 5
|               runs3 = 113
|            bat avg3 = 56.50
|           100s/50s3 = 0/1
|          top score3 = 56[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries3 = 432
|            wickets3 = 12
|           bowl avg3 = 18.58
|            fivefor3 = 1
|             tenfor3 = 0
|       best bowling3 = 7/60
|  catches/stumpings3 = 0/–

|             column4 = [[ᱞᱤᱥᱴ ᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ|WLA]]
|            matches4 = 38
|               runs4 = 867
|            bat avg4 = 41.28
|           100s/50s4 = 1/8
|          top score4 = 107[[ᱱᱳᱴ ᱟᱣᱩᱴ|*]]
|         deliveries4 = 946
|            wickets4 = 31
|           bowl avg4 = 17.83
|            fivefor4 = 0
|             tenfor4 = 0
|       best bowling4 = 4/15
|  catches/stumpings4 = 6/–

|                date = 18 August
|                year = 2022
|              source = https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html CricketArchive
|caption=ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ}}
'''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ''', ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ '''ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱩᱢᱵᱽᱨᱟᱱᱤ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ, (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱞ-ᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ-ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱵᱚᱞᱤᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱑᱘ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Kalyani Dhokarikar Profile - Cricket Player India {{!}} Stats, Records, Video |url=https://www.espncricinfo.com/cricketers/kalyani-dhokarikar-54281 |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=ESPNcricinfo |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱙ ᱢᱮ ᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ]] ᱫᱩᱞᱟᱹᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱷᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱳᱯᱷᱴᱵᱚᱞ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱱᱮ|ᱯᱩᱱᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱚᱵᱽᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱯᱚᱛ ᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱟᱹ-ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱤᱯ ᱤᱝᱞᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱷᱭᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱰᱮᱱᱥ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱮᱠᱟᱰᱮᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚᱞ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱥᱴ ᱚᱯᱷ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱠᱮᱯᱴᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱱᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ ==
᱑᱙᱙᱕ ᱨᱮ, ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱮᱱᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱠᱷᱮᱞᱚᱸᱰ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱱᱤᱫᱷᱤᱛᱣᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱣᱡᱤᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ᱾

ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱳᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱢᱮᱪ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Home of CricketArchive |url=https://cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/8/8466/8466.html |access-date=12 February 2024 |website=cricketarchive.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;references /&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{cricinfo|id=54281}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dhokarikar, Kalyani}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱲ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱴᱮᱥᱴ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱤ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱨᱤᱠᱮᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>6rj7mwt6mm39iocrqvi69ijz1p8qy08</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>199190</id>
      <parentid>170059</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:27:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
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      <text bytes="5807" sha1="d13bggbartd3ugnuqivr7fs8ypdbg52" xml:space="preserve">'''ᱥᱤᱢᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ''' (ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱑᱙᱙᱙) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱬᱤ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱼᱮᱛᱷᱞᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴ᱑᱒ ᱤᱵᱷᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱨᱳᱸᱡᱽ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴ᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱒.᱓᱓ ᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱢᱮᱴ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱑᱒.᱓᱑ ᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱱᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱔ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |date=2024-09-07 |title=Simran enters final of women's 200m T12 race at Paris Paralympics |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/paris-paralympics/simran-enters-final-of-womens-200m-t12-race-at-paris-paralympics/articleshow/113136665.cms |access-date=2024-09-07 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-09-07 |title=Meet Simran Sharma: Delhi Girl Who Defied All Odd to Clinch a Paralympic Bronze in Paris |url=https://www.news18.com/sports/meet-simran-sharma-delhi-girl-who-defied-all-odd-to-clinch-a-paralympic-bronze-in-paris-9040146.html |access-date=2024-09-08 |website=News18 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ==

ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱟᱨᱤ, ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱵᱤᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱒᱙ ᱱᱚᱵᱷᱮᱢᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱡᱤᱡ ᱠᱳᱪ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱠ ᱜᱟᱡᱮᱱᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱥᱤᱝ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱯᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱳᱨᱯᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱒᱗ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱫᱷᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱤᱱᱠᱩᱵᱮᱴᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱡ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱢᱚᱱᱳᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱮᱞ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱫᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥ ᱮ ᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱞ ᱮᱱ ᱥᱴᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚᱢ, ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱭ ᱴᱨᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱳᱫᱤᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨ, ᱜᱟᱡᱤᱭᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱩᱠᱢᱟᱱᱤ ᱢᱳᱫᱤ ᱢᱟᱦᱤᱞᱟ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

==ᱠᱮᱨᱤᱭᱚᱨ==

ᱥᱟᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱜᱨᱟᱸᱰ ᱯᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱩᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱨᱟᱸᱰ ᱯᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱳᱠᱭᱳ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱞᱤᱢᱯᱤᱠᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱣᱟᱞᱤᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱛᱷᱞᱤᱴ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱜᱮᱢᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱯᱨᱮᱡᱮᱸᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱝᱡᱩ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱴ᱑᱒ ᱤᱵᱷᱮᱸᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱢᱥ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱔ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱑᱒.᱖᱘ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱸᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱒᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱒᱖.᱑᱒ ᱥᱮᱠᱮᱸᱰ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |date=2023-10-28 |title=Army jawan's wife wins two silver medals at Para Asian Games |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/asian-games-2023/india-asian-games/army-jawans-wife-wins-two-silver-medals-at-para-asian-games/articleshow/104785986.cms |access-date=2024-01-04 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Sportstar |first=Team |date=2024-08-14 |title=India at Paris Paralympics 2024: Complete list of 84 athletes at Paralympic Games |url=https://sportstar.thehindu.com/olympics/paris-paralympics-2024/news/paris-2024-india-paralympics-contingent-full-list-of-84-indian-athletes-qualified-sports-ministry-paralympic-games-news/article68512627.ece |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=Sportstar |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;


ᱢᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱳᱵᱮ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱯᱟᱨᱟ ᱮᱛᱷᱞᱮᱴᱤᱠᱥ ᱪᱟᱢᱯᱤᱭᱚᱱᱥᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱰᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱡᱤᱛᱠᱟᱹᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}
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      <comment>ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
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| name = ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ
| image = Mudslide at Gyirong Port 2.webm
| date = {{start date|2026|08|26|df=y}}
| location = ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ &lt;br&gt; ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱪᱤᱱ
| type = ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ
| deaths = ᱑᱖᱐+ &lt;!--IF YOU UPDATE THESE NUMBERS MAKE SURE TO CITE THEM--&gt;
| missing = ᱑,᱔᱔᱔+ &lt;!--IF YOU UPDATE THESE NUMBERS MAKE SURE TO CITE THEM--&gt;
| cause = 
| property_damage = ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱯᱚᱞ, ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ, ᱰᱮᱢ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ
}}
᱒᱖ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱖᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ–ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑,᱔᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ, ᱫᱷᱟᱫᱤᱝ, ᱜᱳᱨᱠᱷᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

== ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ==
ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=26 August 2026|title=रसुवामा भीषण बाढी, मुग्लिङसम्म सतर्कता|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c3wjp107jy9o|trans-title=Heavy flood in Rasuwa, alert up to Muglin |language=ne|publisher=BBC|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ice avalanche, debris lake may have triggered Bhotekoshi flood |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/ice-avalanche-debris-lake-may-have-triggered-bhotekoshi-flood |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash floods live: At least 98 dead and hundreds missing, including tourists, near Tibet border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/nepal-flash-floods-live-mudslide-nepal-tibet-border-triggers-catastrophic-2026-08-26/ |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Reuters |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱚᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;/&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flash flood hits Rasuwa, damages hydropower projects and markets |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/major-flood-damages-syabrubesi-hydropower-projects-in-rasuwa |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱴᱤᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HT26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Hundreds missing after deadly floods hit Nepal-Tibet border |url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/29199-hundreds-missing-after-deadly-floods-hit-nepal-tibet-border.html |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=Helsinki Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱤᱠ ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ Ms 5.2 ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱐᱒:᱕᱒ UTC ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite anss|M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal|2026|us7000tbwb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ {{Convert|2000|ft}} ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ {{Convert|4000|ft}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Convert|40|mi}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;Sands, Leo. [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-flood-glacier-ice-avalanche.html &quot;Deadly Nepal Flood May Have Been Caused by Ice Snapping Off Glacier, Scientists Say&quot;], ''The New York Times'', August 26, 2026. Accessed August 26, 2026. &quot;The deadly flooding in Nepal on Wednesday was likely set off at least in part by an enormous chunk of ice snapping off a glacier and cascading thousands of feet to the valley below, according to an initial assessment by a group of geologists and glaciologists. The phenomenon is known as an ice avalanche.... On Wednesday, a chunk of ice with a width of about 2,000 feet snapped cleanly off the glacier, Dr. Shugar said, sending a mixture of ice and water to the valley floor. By his assessment, the chunk of ice fell from an altitude of around 17,000 feet, dropping almost 4,000 feet.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills more than 150, with hundreds of tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t|access-date=2026-08-26 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.democrata.es/en/international/expansion-at-least-95-dead-and-more-than-600-missing-due-to-the-floods-in-northern-nepal-near-the-border-with-china/|title=At least 95 dead and more than 600 missing due to the floods in northern Nepal, near the border with China|date=26 August 2026|work=Democrata}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕᱗᱙ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖᱖ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/08/26/britons-missing-nepal-flash-floods/|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Girl, 13, among dozens of Britons missing in Nepal flash floods|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Brennan26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=David |title=Americans reported among hundreds missing in Nepal floods, tourism board says |url=https://abcnews.com/amp/International/americans-reported-missing-nepal-floods-tourism-board/story?id=135964282 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=ABC News |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱘ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kt26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=8 Koreans missing, 10 stranded in flood in Nepal |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/world/20260826/8-koreans-missing-10-stranded-in-flood-in-nepal |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Yonhap |publisher=The Korea Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱓৭ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash flood from Tibet leaves 17 dead, 105 Indians missing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/nepal-flash-flood-tibet-rockslide-rasuwa-105-indians-missing-ptag-2980484-2026-08-26 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=India Today |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhotekoshi flood: What we know, what remains unclear |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/bhotekoshi-flood-what-we-know-what-remains-unclear |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/nepal-tibet-flooding-latest-almost-300-foreign-nationals-among-hundreds-missing-tourism-board-says-13575720|title=Nepal flooding latest: 12 from UK among hundreds missing after deadly flash floods hit border area, tourism board says|work=Sky News|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱖ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Nepal flash floods: Hundreds of tourists missing and 95 people killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zyerv2lmo |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|lang=zh|date=26 August 2026|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/1049703/%E5%8F%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%8A-%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F3%E6%AD%BB265%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF|title=受尼泊爾泥石流波及 西藏3死265人失聯|work=am730}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-flash-flood-washes-away-villages-project-sites-near-tibet-border-2026-08-26/|website=Reuters|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ==
[[File:Mudslide at Gyirong Port 1.webm|thumb|ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ]]

ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prasai |first=Kamal |last2=Gautam |first2=Dinesh |date=2026-08-26 |title=Rasuwa flood leaves trail of destruction from Rasuwagadhi to Bidur |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rasuwa-flood-in-pictures.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱞᱩᱝ, ᱥᱭᱟᱯᱷᱨᱩᱵᱮᱥᱤ, ᱵᱮᱛᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot; /&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ-ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flood Damages Property in Nuwakot Due to Rasuwa Border Overflow |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/76358/nuwakot-cdo-says-there-has-been-a-lot-of-physical-damage |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=english.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Angus |last2=Hoyle |first2=Craig |last3=Dahal |first3=Phanindra |last4=Bicker |first4=Laura |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills at least 95, with hundreds of foreign tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot; /&gt; ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱒᱒᱐ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Rasuwa flood damages 6 major hydropower, transmission facilities, disrupts power supply|url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/business/rasuwa-flood-damages-6-major-hydropower-transmission-facilities-disrupts-power-supply/|website=Nepal News|location=Kathmandu|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ, ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Onlinekhabar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flood leaves parts of Rasuwa and Nuwakot cut off - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/flood-rasuwa-and-nuwakot.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rasuwa flashflood: NA teams, two choppers deployed for search, rescue |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/85520 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=GorakhaPatra}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱯᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=习近平对西藏日喀则市吉隆县遭受泥石流灾害作出重要指示 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/20260826/e73cdedcfa6e4384b15cebedc9a13378/c.html |website=Xinhua News Agency |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-08-26 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |language=zh-cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/26/asia/nepal-flooding-flood-intl|website=CNN |access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]</text>
      <sha1>l9zcitiu8uq1eugj8uw6drrhbq3b0zb</sha1>
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      <text bytes="23190" sha1="10jqtsbf9wtoodts9yivd1a1lada9gx" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox event
| name = ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ
| image = Mudslide at Gyirong Port 2.webm
| date = {{start date|2026|08|26|df=y}}
| location = ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ &lt;br&gt; ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ, ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱚᱴᱚᱱᱚᱢᱟᱥ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱪᱤᱱ
| type = ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ
| deaths = ᱑᱖᱐+ &lt;!--IF YOU UPDATE THESE NUMBERS MAKE SURE TO CITE THEM--&gt;
| missing = ᱑,᱔᱔᱔+ &lt;!--IF YOU UPDATE THESE NUMBERS MAKE SURE TO CITE THEM--&gt;
| cause = 
| property_damage = ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, ᱚᱲᱟᱜ, ᱯᱚᱞ, ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ, ᱰᱮᱢ, ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ
}}
᱒᱖ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨᱟᱱ ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱖᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ–ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱚᱪᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱜᱷᱟᱥᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱑,᱔᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ, ᱫᱷᱟᱫᱤᱝ, ᱜᱳᱨᱠᱷᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱛᱣᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

== ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ==
ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=26 August 2026|title=रसुवामा भीषण बाढी, मुग्लिङसम्म सतर्कता|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c3wjp107jy9o|trans-title=Heavy flood in Rasuwa, alert up to Muglin |language=ne|publisher=BBC|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ice avalanche, debris lake may have triggered Bhotekoshi flood |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/ice-avalanche-debris-lake-may-have-triggered-bhotekoshi-flood |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash floods live: At least 98 dead and hundreds missing, including tourists, near Tibet border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/nepal-flash-floods-live-mudslide-nepal-tibet-border-triggers-catastrophic-2026-08-26/ |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Reuters |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱚᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;/&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flash flood hits Rasuwa, damages hydropower projects and markets |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/major-flood-damages-syabrubesi-hydropower-projects-in-rasuwa |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱴᱤᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HT26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Hundreds missing after deadly floods hit Nepal-Tibet border |url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/29199-hundreds-missing-after-deadly-floods-hit-nepal-tibet-border.html |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=Helsinki Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱤᱠ ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ Ms 5.2 ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱐᱒:᱕᱒ UTC ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite anss|M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal|2026|us7000tbwb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ {{Convert|2000|ft}} ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ {{Convert|4000|ft}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Convert|40|mi}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;Sands, Leo. [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-flood-glacier-ice-avalanche.html &quot;Deadly Nepal Flood May Have Been Caused by Ice Snapping Off Glacier, Scientists Say&quot;], ''The New York Times'', August 26, 2026. Accessed August 26, 2026. &quot;The deadly flooding in Nepal on Wednesday was likely set off at least in part by an enormous chunk of ice snapping off a glacier and cascading thousands of feet to the valley below, according to an initial assessment by a group of geologists and glaciologists. The phenomenon is known as an ice avalanche.... On Wednesday, a chunk of ice with a width of about 2,000 feet snapped cleanly off the glacier, Dr. Shugar said, sending a mixture of ice and water to the valley floor. By his assessment, the chunk of ice fell from an altitude of around 17,000 feet, dropping almost 4,000 feet.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills more than 150, with hundreds of tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t|access-date=2026-08-26 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.democrata.es/en/international/expansion-at-least-95-dead-and-more-than-600-missing-due-to-the-floods-in-northern-nepal-near-the-border-with-china/|title=At least 95 dead and more than 600 missing due to the floods in northern Nepal, near the border with China|date=26 August 2026|work=Democrata}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕᱗᱙ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖᱖ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/08/26/britons-missing-nepal-flash-floods/|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Girl, 13, among dozens of Britons missing in Nepal flash floods|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Brennan26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=David |title=Americans reported among hundreds missing in Nepal floods, tourism board says |url=https://abcnews.com/International/americans-reported-missing-nepal-floods-tourism-board/story?id=135964282 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=ABC News |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱘ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kt26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=8 Koreans missing, 10 stranded in flood in Nepal |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/world/20260826/8-koreans-missing-10-stranded-in-flood-in-nepal |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Yonhap |publisher=The Korea Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱓৭ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash flood from Tibet leaves 17 dead, 105 Indians missing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/nepal-flash-flood-tibet-rockslide-rasuwa-105-indians-missing-ptag-2980484-2026-08-26 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=India Today |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhotekoshi flood: What we know, what remains unclear |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/bhotekoshi-flood-what-we-know-what-remains-unclear |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/nepal-tibet-flooding-latest-almost-300-foreign-nationals-among-hundreds-missing-tourism-board-says-13575720|title=Nepal flooding latest: 12 from UK among hundreds missing after deadly flash floods hit border area, tourism board says|work=Sky News|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱖ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Nepal flash floods: Hundreds of tourists missing and 95 people killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zyerv2lmo |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|lang=zh|date=26 August 2026|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/1049703/%E5%8F%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%8A-%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F3%E6%AD%BB265%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF|title=受尼泊爾泥石流波及 西藏3死265人失聯|work=am730}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-flash-flood-washes-away-villages-project-sites-near-tibet-border-2026-08-26/|website=Reuters|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ==
[[File:Mudslide at Gyirong Port 1.webm|thumb|ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ]]

ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prasai |first=Kamal |last2=Gautam |first2=Dinesh |date=2026-08-26 |title=Rasuwa flood leaves trail of destruction from Rasuwagadhi to Bidur |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rasuwa-flood-in-pictures.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱞᱩᱝ, ᱥᱭᱟᱯᱷᱨᱩᱵᱮᱥᱤ, ᱵᱮᱛᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot; /&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ-ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flood Damages Property in Nuwakot Due to Rasuwa Border Overflow |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/76358/nuwakot-cdo-says-there-has-been-a-lot-of-physical-damage |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=english.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Angus |last2=Hoyle |first2=Craig |last3=Dahal |first3=Phanindra |last4=Bicker |first4=Laura |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills at least 95, with hundreds of foreign tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot; /&gt; ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱒᱒᱐ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Rasuwa flood damages 6 major hydropower, transmission facilities, disrupts power supply|url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/business/rasuwa-flood-damages-6-major-hydropower-transmission-facilities-disrupts-power-supply/|website=Nepal News|location=Kathmandu|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ, ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Onlinekhabar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flood leaves parts of Rasuwa and Nuwakot cut off - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/flood-rasuwa-and-nuwakot.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rasuwa flashflood: NA teams, two choppers deployed for search, rescue |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/85520 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=GorakhaPatra}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱯᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=习近平对西藏日喀则市吉隆县遭受泥石流灾害作出重要指示 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/20260826/e73cdedcfa6e4384b15cebedc9a13378/c.html |website=Xinhua News Agency |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-08-26 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |language=zh-cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/26/asia/nepal-flooding-flood-intl|website=CNN |access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]</text>
      <sha1>10jqtsbf9wtoodts9yivd1a1lada9gx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199205</id>
      <parentid>199204</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:52:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Updated.</comment>
      <origin>199205</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29745" sha1="n5aunum9tcn5ovioexw1dusf3lxwzhq" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox event
| name = ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ–ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱱ
| image = Mudslide at Gyirong Port 2 (screenshot).png
| thumbtime = 31
| date = {{start date|2026|08|26|df=y}}
| location = {{ubl
 |'''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱤᱱ'''|[[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]| {{flag|Nepal}}
 |'''[[ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱤ]]'''|[[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]| {{flag|China}}
}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28.3|N|85.5|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref name=&quot;gfz1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USGS_est&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |access-date=29 August 2026 |archive-date=27 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827050816/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| type = [[ᱦᱤᱫᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ]]
| deaths = ᱑,᱔᱙᱗+{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔,&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt; ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;}}
| injuries = ᱙,᱒᱘᱗+&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot;/&gt;
| cause = [[ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]]
| missing = ᱕,᱘᱐᱔+{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕,&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt; ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱑᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;}}
| property_damage = '''ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|277.79 billion|NPR|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|1.8 billion|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''ᱪᱤᱱ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|450 million|CNY|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|67.08 million|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}}&lt;ref name = &quot;Straits20260902&quot;/&gt;
}}

᱒᱖ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ, ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ–ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ{{efn|name=&quot;Bhotekoshi&quot;|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ {{convert|65|km}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ {{cvt|45|mi|order=flip}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |title=Maps and Images Show the Devastation in Nepal's Flooding |work=The New York Times |date=27 August 2026 |access-date=27 August 2026 |archive-date=26 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260826223119/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ '''᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ-ᱪᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rescue efforts continue as Nepal-China flood death toll rises to 1,280 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/3/rescue-efforts-continue-as-nepal-china-flood-death-toll-surpasses-1270 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Milko |first1=Victoria |last2=Kafle |first2=Shristi |date=2026-08-29 |title=Nepal-China flood survivors reach safe areas as families await news of nearly 3,000 missing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260905014026/https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Daily Situation Update on Bhote Koshi River Floods- 06 September 2026 |work=Ministry Of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260906102037/https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-date=2026-09-06 |access-date=2026-09-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot; /&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt; ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ {{cvt|250|km|mi}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱲᱳᱥᱤ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱝᱛᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱪᱩᱰ ᱫᱚ {{M|s|5.2|link=[[surface-wave magnitude]]}} ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Extreme flooding in China and Nepal |url=https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=GFZ |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829125924/https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=26 agosto 2026: la frana in Nepal e l'analisi dei sismogrammi |trans-title=26 August 2026: the landslide in Nepal and the analysis of seismograms |url=https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=INGVterremoti |language=it-IT |archive-date=2026-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱠᱣᱮᱠ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ (NSET), ᱨᱤᱰᱤᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱠᱟᱥᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱨᱩᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;NSET&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Rasuwa Debris Flash Flood 2026 |url=https://nset.org.np/disaster/rasuwa-flood/ |publisher=National Society for Earthquake Technology–Nepal |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=The detached ice and rock mass generated an ice–rock avalanche that entrained loose proglacial sediments along its downstream path, transforming into a highly mobile sediment- and water-laden debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reading&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nepal's complex chain of flood hazards - expert comment |url=https://www.reading.ac.uk/news/2026/Expert-Comment/Nepal-floods---expert-comment |publisher=University of Reading |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=We now believe that the Rasuwa flood was triggered by a large rock and ice avalanche at around 5,200m above sea level, when a huge section of glacier and the underlying bedrock, estimated to be between 1 and 1.3km wide, detached from the Lirung massif.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Newcastle&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Comment: An expert explains what happened in Nepal |date=28 August 2026 |url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/latest/2026/08/conversationnepalfloods/ |publisher=Newcastle University |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=I think the best description is that a rock-ice avalanche began at around 4,800 metres and fell over 1,200 metres. There was enough ice in the initial collapse – and perhaps subsequently picked up – that it could generate the water to turn it into a devastating long-runout debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ==
ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=26 August 2026|title=रसुवामा भीषण बाढी, मुग्लिङसम्म सतर्कता|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c3wjp107jy9o|trans-title=Heavy flood in Rasuwa, alert up to Muglin |language=ne|publisher=BBC|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ice avalanche, debris lake may have triggered Bhotekoshi flood |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/ice-avalanche-debris-lake-may-have-triggered-bhotekoshi-flood |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash floods live: At least 98 dead and hundreds missing, including tourists, near Tibet border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/nepal-flash-floods-live-mudslide-nepal-tibet-border-triggers-catastrophic-2026-08-26/ |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Reuters |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱚᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;/&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flash flood hits Rasuwa, damages hydropower projects and markets |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/major-flood-damages-syabrubesi-hydropower-projects-in-rasuwa |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱴᱤᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HT26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Hundreds missing after deadly floods hit Nepal-Tibet border |url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/29199-hundreds-missing-after-deadly-floods-hit-nepal-tibet-border.html |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=Helsinki Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱤᱠ ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ Ms 5.2 ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱐᱒:᱕᱒ UTC ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite anss|M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal|2026|us7000tbwb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ {{Convert|2000|ft}} ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ {{Convert|4000|ft}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Convert|40|mi}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;Sands, Leo. [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-flood-glacier-ice-avalanche.html &quot;Deadly Nepal Flood May Have Been Caused by Ice Snapping Off Glacier, Scientists Say&quot;], ''The New York Times'', August 26, 2026. Accessed August 26, 2026. &quot;The deadly flooding in Nepal on Wednesday was likely set off at least in part by an enormous chunk of ice snapping off a glacier and cascading thousands of feet to the valley below, according to an initial assessment by a group of geologists and glaciologists. The phenomenon is known as an ice avalanche.... On Wednesday, a chunk of ice with a width of about 2,000 feet snapped cleanly off the glacier, Dr. Shugar said, sending a mixture of ice and water to the valley floor. By his assessment, the chunk of ice fell from an altitude of around 17,000 feet, dropping almost 4,000 feet.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills more than 150, with hundreds of tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t|access-date=2026-08-26 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.democrata.es/en/international/expansion-at-least-95-dead-and-more-than-600-missing-due-to-the-floods-in-northern-nepal-near-the-border-with-china/|title=At least 95 dead and more than 600 missing due to the floods in northern Nepal, near the border with China|date=26 August 2026|work=Democrata}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕᱗᱙ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖᱖ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/08/26/britons-missing-nepal-flash-floods/|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Girl, 13, among dozens of Britons missing in Nepal flash floods|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Brennan26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=David |title=Americans reported among hundreds missing in Nepal floods, tourism board says |url=https://abcnews.com/International/americans-reported-missing-nepal-floods-tourism-board/story?id=135964282 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=ABC News |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱘ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kt26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=8 Koreans missing, 10 stranded in flood in Nepal |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/world/20260826/8-koreans-missing-10-stranded-in-flood-in-nepal |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Yonhap |publisher=The Korea Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱓৭ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash flood from Tibet leaves 17 dead, 105 Indians missing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/nepal-flash-flood-tibet-rockslide-rasuwa-105-indians-missing-ptag-2980484-2026-08-26 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=India Today |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhotekoshi flood: What we know, what remains unclear |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/bhotekoshi-flood-what-we-know-what-remains-unclear |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/nepal-tibet-flooding-latest-almost-300-foreign-nationals-among-hundreds-missing-tourism-board-says-13575720|title=Nepal flooding latest: 12 from UK among hundreds missing after deadly flash floods hit border area, tourism board says|work=Sky News|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱖ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Nepal flash floods: Hundreds of tourists missing and 95 people killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zyerv2lmo |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|lang=zh|date=26 August 2026|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/1049703/%E5%8F%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%8A-%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F3%E6%AD%BB265%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF|title=受尼泊爾泥石流波及 西藏3死265人失聯|work=am730}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-flash-flood-washes-away-villages-project-sites-near-tibet-border-2026-08-26/|website=Reuters|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ==
[[File:Mudslide at Gyirong Port 1.webm|thumb|ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ]]

ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prasai |first=Kamal |last2=Gautam |first2=Dinesh |date=2026-08-26 |title=Rasuwa flood leaves trail of destruction from Rasuwagadhi to Bidur |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rasuwa-flood-in-pictures.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱞᱩᱝ, ᱥᱭᱟᱯᱷᱨᱩᱵᱮᱥᱤ, ᱵᱮᱛᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot; /&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ-ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flood Damages Property in Nuwakot Due to Rasuwa Border Overflow |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/76358/nuwakot-cdo-says-there-has-been-a-lot-of-physical-damage |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=english.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Angus |last2=Hoyle |first2=Craig |last3=Dahal |first3=Phanindra |last4=Bicker |first4=Laura |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills at least 95, with hundreds of foreign tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot; /&gt; ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱒᱒᱐ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Rasuwa flood damages 6 major hydropower, transmission facilities, disrupts power supply|url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/business/rasuwa-flood-damages-6-major-hydropower-transmission-facilities-disrupts-power-supply/|website=Nepal News|location=Kathmandu|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ, ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Onlinekhabar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flood leaves parts of Rasuwa and Nuwakot cut off - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/flood-rasuwa-and-nuwakot.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rasuwa flashflood: NA teams, two choppers deployed for search, rescue |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/85520 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=GorakhaPatra}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱯᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=习近平对西藏日喀则市吉隆县遭受泥石流灾害作出重要指示 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/20260826/e73cdedcfa6e4384b15cebedc9a13378/c.html |website=Xinhua News Agency |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-08-26 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |language=zh-cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/26/asia/nepal-flooding-flood-intl|website=CNN |access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]</text>
      <sha1>n5aunum9tcn5ovioexw1dusf3lxwzhq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199207</id>
      <parentid>199205</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:54:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199207</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29745" sha1="m85bu49og905iirb0mpmjj1mbu1fqai" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox event
| name = ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ–ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱱ
| image = Mudslide at Gyirong Port 2 (screenshot).png
| thumbtime = 31
| date = {{start date|2026|08|26|df=y}}
| location = {{ubl
 |'''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱤᱱ'''|[[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]| {{flag|Nepal}}
 |'''[[ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱤ]]'''|[[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]| {{flag|China}}
}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28.3|N|85.5|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref name=&quot;gfz1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USGS_est&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |access-date=29 August 2026 |archive-date=27 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827050816/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| type = [[ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ]]
| deaths = ᱑,᱔᱙᱗+{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔,&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt; ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;}}
| injuries = ᱙,᱒᱘᱗+&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot;/&gt;
| cause = [[ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]]
| missing = ᱕,᱘᱐᱔+{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕,&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt; ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱑᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;}}
| property_damage = '''ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|277.79 billion|NPR|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|1.8 billion|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''ᱪᱤᱱ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|450 million|CNY|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|67.08 million|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}}&lt;ref name = &quot;Straits20260902&quot;/&gt;
}}

᱒᱖ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ, ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ–ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ{{efn|name=&quot;Bhotekoshi&quot;|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ {{convert|65|km}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ {{cvt|45|mi|order=flip}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |title=Maps and Images Show the Devastation in Nepal's Flooding |work=The New York Times |date=27 August 2026 |access-date=27 August 2026 |archive-date=26 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260826223119/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ '''᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ-ᱪᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rescue efforts continue as Nepal-China flood death toll rises to 1,280 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/3/rescue-efforts-continue-as-nepal-china-flood-death-toll-surpasses-1270 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Milko |first1=Victoria |last2=Kafle |first2=Shristi |date=2026-08-29 |title=Nepal-China flood survivors reach safe areas as families await news of nearly 3,000 missing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260905014026/https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref name=&quot;:25&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Daily Situation Update on Bhote Koshi River Floods- 06 September 2026 |work=Ministry Of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260906102037/https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-date=2026-09-06 |access-date=2026-09-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ'''&lt;ref name=&quot;:26&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:27&quot; /&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt; ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ {{cvt|250|km|mi}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱲᱳᱥᱤ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱝᱛᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱪᱩᱰ ᱫᱚ {{M|s|5.2|link=[[surface-wave magnitude]]}} ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Extreme flooding in China and Nepal |url=https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=GFZ |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829125924/https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=26 agosto 2026: la frana in Nepal e l'analisi dei sismogrammi |trans-title=26 August 2026: the landslide in Nepal and the analysis of seismograms |url=https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=INGVterremoti |language=it-IT |archive-date=2026-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱠᱣᱮᱠ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ (NSET), ᱨᱤᱰᱤᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱠᱟᱥᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱨᱩᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;NSET&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Rasuwa Debris Flash Flood 2026 |url=https://nset.org.np/disaster/rasuwa-flood/ |publisher=National Society for Earthquake Technology–Nepal |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=The detached ice and rock mass generated an ice–rock avalanche that entrained loose proglacial sediments along its downstream path, transforming into a highly mobile sediment- and water-laden debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reading&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nepal's complex chain of flood hazards - expert comment |url=https://www.reading.ac.uk/news/2026/Expert-Comment/Nepal-floods---expert-comment |publisher=University of Reading |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=We now believe that the Rasuwa flood was triggered by a large rock and ice avalanche at around 5,200m above sea level, when a huge section of glacier and the underlying bedrock, estimated to be between 1 and 1.3km wide, detached from the Lirung massif.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Newcastle&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Comment: An expert explains what happened in Nepal |date=28 August 2026 |url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/latest/2026/08/conversationnepalfloods/ |publisher=Newcastle University |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=I think the best description is that a rock-ice avalanche began at around 4,800 metres and fell over 1,200 metres. There was enough ice in the initial collapse – and perhaps subsequently picked up – that it could generate the water to turn it into a devastating long-runout debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ==
ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=26 August 2026|title=रसुवामा भीषण बाढी, मुग्लिङसम्म सतर्कता|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c3wjp107jy9o|trans-title=Heavy flood in Rasuwa, alert up to Muglin |language=ne|publisher=BBC|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ice avalanche, debris lake may have triggered Bhotekoshi flood |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/ice-avalanche-debris-lake-may-have-triggered-bhotekoshi-flood |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash floods live: At least 98 dead and hundreds missing, including tourists, near Tibet border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/nepal-flash-floods-live-mudslide-nepal-tibet-border-triggers-catastrophic-2026-08-26/ |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Reuters |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱚᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;/&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flash flood hits Rasuwa, damages hydropower projects and markets |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/major-flood-damages-syabrubesi-hydropower-projects-in-rasuwa |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱴᱤᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HT26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Hundreds missing after deadly floods hit Nepal-Tibet border |url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/29199-hundreds-missing-after-deadly-floods-hit-nepal-tibet-border.html |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=Helsinki Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱤᱠ ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ Ms 5.2 ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱐᱒:᱕᱒ UTC ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite anss|M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal|2026|us7000tbwb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ {{Convert|2000|ft}} ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ {{Convert|4000|ft}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Convert|40|mi}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;Sands, Leo. [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-flood-glacier-ice-avalanche.html &quot;Deadly Nepal Flood May Have Been Caused by Ice Snapping Off Glacier, Scientists Say&quot;], ''The New York Times'', August 26, 2026. Accessed August 26, 2026. &quot;The deadly flooding in Nepal on Wednesday was likely set off at least in part by an enormous chunk of ice snapping off a glacier and cascading thousands of feet to the valley below, according to an initial assessment by a group of geologists and glaciologists. The phenomenon is known as an ice avalanche.... On Wednesday, a chunk of ice with a width of about 2,000 feet snapped cleanly off the glacier, Dr. Shugar said, sending a mixture of ice and water to the valley floor. By his assessment, the chunk of ice fell from an altitude of around 17,000 feet, dropping almost 4,000 feet.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills more than 150, with hundreds of tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t|access-date=2026-08-26 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.democrata.es/en/international/expansion-at-least-95-dead-and-more-than-600-missing-due-to-the-floods-in-northern-nepal-near-the-border-with-china/|title=At least 95 dead and more than 600 missing due to the floods in northern Nepal, near the border with China|date=26 August 2026|work=Democrata}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕᱗᱙ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖᱖ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/08/26/britons-missing-nepal-flash-floods/|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Girl, 13, among dozens of Britons missing in Nepal flash floods|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Brennan26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=David |title=Americans reported among hundreds missing in Nepal floods, tourism board says |url=https://abcnews.com/International/americans-reported-missing-nepal-floods-tourism-board/story?id=135964282 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=ABC News |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱘ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kt26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=8 Koreans missing, 10 stranded in flood in Nepal |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/world/20260826/8-koreans-missing-10-stranded-in-flood-in-nepal |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Yonhap |publisher=The Korea Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱓৭ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash flood from Tibet leaves 17 dead, 105 Indians missing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/nepal-flash-flood-tibet-rockslide-rasuwa-105-indians-missing-ptag-2980484-2026-08-26 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=India Today |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhotekoshi flood: What we know, what remains unclear |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/bhotekoshi-flood-what-we-know-what-remains-unclear |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/nepal-tibet-flooding-latest-almost-300-foreign-nationals-among-hundreds-missing-tourism-board-says-13575720|title=Nepal flooding latest: 12 from UK among hundreds missing after deadly flash floods hit border area, tourism board says|work=Sky News|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱖ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Nepal flash floods: Hundreds of tourists missing and 95 people killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zyerv2lmo |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|lang=zh|date=26 August 2026|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/1049703/%E5%8F%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%8A-%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F3%E6%AD%BB265%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF|title=受尼泊爾泥石流波及 西藏3死265人失聯|work=am730}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-flash-flood-washes-away-villages-project-sites-near-tibet-border-2026-08-26/|website=Reuters|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ==
[[File:Mudslide at Gyirong Port 1.webm|thumb|ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ]]

ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prasai |first=Kamal |last2=Gautam |first2=Dinesh |date=2026-08-26 |title=Rasuwa flood leaves trail of destruction from Rasuwagadhi to Bidur |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rasuwa-flood-in-pictures.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱞᱩᱝ, ᱥᱭᱟᱯᱷᱨᱩᱵᱮᱥᱤ, ᱵᱮᱛᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot; /&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ-ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flood Damages Property in Nuwakot Due to Rasuwa Border Overflow |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/76358/nuwakot-cdo-says-there-has-been-a-lot-of-physical-damage |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=english.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Angus |last2=Hoyle |first2=Craig |last3=Dahal |first3=Phanindra |last4=Bicker |first4=Laura |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills at least 95, with hundreds of foreign tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot; /&gt; ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱒᱒᱐ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Rasuwa flood damages 6 major hydropower, transmission facilities, disrupts power supply|url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/business/rasuwa-flood-damages-6-major-hydropower-transmission-facilities-disrupts-power-supply/|website=Nepal News|location=Kathmandu|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ, ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Onlinekhabar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flood leaves parts of Rasuwa and Nuwakot cut off - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/flood-rasuwa-and-nuwakot.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rasuwa flashflood: NA teams, two choppers deployed for search, rescue |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/85520 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=GorakhaPatra}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱯᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=习近平对西藏日喀则市吉隆县遭受泥石流灾害作出重要指示 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/20260826/e73cdedcfa6e4384b15cebedc9a13378/c.html |website=Xinhua News Agency |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-08-26 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |language=zh-cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/26/asia/nepal-flooding-flood-intl|website=CNN |access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]</text>
      <sha1>m85bu49og905iirb0mpmjj1mbu1fqai</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199208</id>
      <parentid>199207</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:55:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199208</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29638" sha1="ngazirhskgn5557mtd20cqukpgc4n78" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox event
| name = ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ–ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱱ
| image = Mudslide at Gyirong Port 2 (screenshot).png
| thumbtime = 31
| date = {{start date|2026|08|26|df=y}}
| location = {{ubl
 |'''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱤᱱ'''|[[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]| {{flag|Nepal}}
 |'''[[ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱤ]]'''|[[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]| {{flag|China}}
}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28.3|N|85.5|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref name=&quot;gfz1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;USGS_est&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |access-date=29 August 2026 |archive-date=27 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827050816/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| type = [[ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ]]
| deaths = ᱑,᱔᱙᱗+{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔,&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt; ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;}}
| injuries = ᱙,᱒᱘᱗+&lt;ref name=&quot;:36&quot;/&gt;
| cause = [[ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]]
| missing = ᱕,᱘᱐᱔+{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕,&lt;ref name=&quot;:44&quot; /&gt; ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱑᱙&lt;ref name=&quot;:24&quot;/&gt;}}
| property_damage = '''ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|277.79 billion|NPR|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|1.8 billion|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}}&lt;ref name=&quot;:19&quot; /&gt; &lt;br&gt; '''ᱪᱤᱱ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|450 million|CNY|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|67.08 million|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}}&lt;ref name = &quot;Straits20260902&quot;/&gt;
}}

᱒᱖ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ, ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ–ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ{{efn|name=&quot;Bhotekoshi&quot;|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ {{convert|65|km}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ {{cvt|45|mi|order=flip}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |title=Maps and Images Show the Devastation in Nepal's Flooding |work=The New York Times |date=27 August 2026 |access-date=27 August 2026 |archive-date=26 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260826223119/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ '''᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ-ᱪᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rescue efforts continue as Nepal-China flood death toll rises to 1,280 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/3/rescue-efforts-continue-as-nepal-china-flood-death-toll-surpasses-1270 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Milko |first1=Victoria |last2=Kafle |first2=Shristi |date=2026-08-29 |title=Nepal-China flood survivors reach safe areas as families await news of nearly 3,000 missing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260905014026/https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Daily Situation Update on Bhote Koshi River Floods- 06 September 2026 |work=Ministry Of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260906102037/https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-date=2026-09-06 |access-date=2026-09-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ {{cvt|250|km|mi}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱲᱳᱥᱤ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱝᱛᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱪᱩᱰ ᱫᱚ {{M|s|5.2|link=[[surface-wave magnitude]]}} ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Extreme flooding in China and Nepal |url=https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=GFZ |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829125924/https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=26 agosto 2026: la frana in Nepal e l'analisi dei sismogrammi |trans-title=26 August 2026: the landslide in Nepal and the analysis of seismograms |url=https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=INGVterremoti |language=it-IT |archive-date=2026-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱠᱣᱮᱠ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ (NSET), ᱨᱤᱰᱤᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱠᱟᱥᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱨᱩᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;NSET&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Rasuwa Debris Flash Flood 2026 |url=https://nset.org.np/disaster/rasuwa-flood/ |publisher=National Society for Earthquake Technology–Nepal |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=The detached ice and rock mass generated an ice–rock avalanche that entrained loose proglacial sediments along its downstream path, transforming into a highly mobile sediment- and water-laden debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reading&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nepal's complex chain of flood hazards - expert comment |url=https://www.reading.ac.uk/news/2026/Expert-Comment/Nepal-floods---expert-comment |publisher=University of Reading |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=We now believe that the Rasuwa flood was triggered by a large rock and ice avalanche at around 5,200m above sea level, when a huge section of glacier and the underlying bedrock, estimated to be between 1 and 1.3km wide, detached from the Lirung massif.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Newcastle&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Comment: An expert explains what happened in Nepal |date=28 August 2026 |url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/latest/2026/08/conversationnepalfloods/ |publisher=Newcastle University |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=I think the best description is that a rock-ice avalanche began at around 4,800 metres and fell over 1,200 metres. There was enough ice in the initial collapse – and perhaps subsequently picked up – that it could generate the water to turn it into a devastating long-runout debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ==
ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=26 August 2026|title=रसुवामा भीषण बाढी, मुग्लिङसम्म सतर्कता|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c3wjp107jy9o|trans-title=Heavy flood in Rasuwa, alert up to Muglin |language=ne|publisher=BBC|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ice avalanche, debris lake may have triggered Bhotekoshi flood |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/ice-avalanche-debris-lake-may-have-triggered-bhotekoshi-flood |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash floods live: At least 98 dead and hundreds missing, including tourists, near Tibet border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/nepal-flash-floods-live-mudslide-nepal-tibet-border-triggers-catastrophic-2026-08-26/ |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Reuters |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱚᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;/&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flash flood hits Rasuwa, damages hydropower projects and markets |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/major-flood-damages-syabrubesi-hydropower-projects-in-rasuwa |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱴᱤᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HT26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Hundreds missing after deadly floods hit Nepal-Tibet border |url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/29199-hundreds-missing-after-deadly-floods-hit-nepal-tibet-border.html |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=Helsinki Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱤᱠ ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ Ms 5.2 ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱐᱒:᱕᱒ UTC ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite anss|M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal|2026|us7000tbwb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ {{Convert|2000|ft}} ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ {{Convert|4000|ft}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Convert|40|mi}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;Sands, Leo. [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-flood-glacier-ice-avalanche.html &quot;Deadly Nepal Flood May Have Been Caused by Ice Snapping Off Glacier, Scientists Say&quot;], ''The New York Times'', August 26, 2026. Accessed August 26, 2026. &quot;The deadly flooding in Nepal on Wednesday was likely set off at least in part by an enormous chunk of ice snapping off a glacier and cascading thousands of feet to the valley below, according to an initial assessment by a group of geologists and glaciologists. The phenomenon is known as an ice avalanche.... On Wednesday, a chunk of ice with a width of about 2,000 feet snapped cleanly off the glacier, Dr. Shugar said, sending a mixture of ice and water to the valley floor. By his assessment, the chunk of ice fell from an altitude of around 17,000 feet, dropping almost 4,000 feet.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills more than 150, with hundreds of tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t|access-date=2026-08-26 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.democrata.es/en/international/expansion-at-least-95-dead-and-more-than-600-missing-due-to-the-floods-in-northern-nepal-near-the-border-with-china/|title=At least 95 dead and more than 600 missing due to the floods in northern Nepal, near the border with China|date=26 August 2026|work=Democrata}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕᱗᱙ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖᱖ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/08/26/britons-missing-nepal-flash-floods/|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Girl, 13, among dozens of Britons missing in Nepal flash floods|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Brennan26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=David |title=Americans reported among hundreds missing in Nepal floods, tourism board says |url=https://abcnews.com/International/americans-reported-missing-nepal-floods-tourism-board/story?id=135964282 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=ABC News |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱘ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kt26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=8 Koreans missing, 10 stranded in flood in Nepal |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/world/20260826/8-koreans-missing-10-stranded-in-flood-in-nepal |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Yonhap |publisher=The Korea Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱓৭ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash flood from Tibet leaves 17 dead, 105 Indians missing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/nepal-flash-flood-tibet-rockslide-rasuwa-105-indians-missing-ptag-2980484-2026-08-26 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=India Today |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhotekoshi flood: What we know, what remains unclear |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/bhotekoshi-flood-what-we-know-what-remains-unclear |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/nepal-tibet-flooding-latest-almost-300-foreign-nationals-among-hundreds-missing-tourism-board-says-13575720|title=Nepal flooding latest: 12 from UK among hundreds missing after deadly flash floods hit border area, tourism board says|work=Sky News|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱖ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Nepal flash floods: Hundreds of tourists missing and 95 people killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zyerv2lmo |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|lang=zh|date=26 August 2026|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/1049703/%E5%8F%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%8A-%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F3%E6%AD%BB265%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF|title=受尼泊爾泥石流波及 西藏3死265人失聯|work=am730}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-flash-flood-washes-away-villages-project-sites-near-tibet-border-2026-08-26/|website=Reuters|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ==
[[File:Mudslide at Gyirong Port 1.webm|thumb|ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ]]

ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prasai |first=Kamal |last2=Gautam |first2=Dinesh |date=2026-08-26 |title=Rasuwa flood leaves trail of destruction from Rasuwagadhi to Bidur |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rasuwa-flood-in-pictures.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱞᱩᱝ, ᱥᱭᱟᱯᱷᱨᱩᱵᱮᱥᱤ, ᱵᱮᱛᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot; /&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ-ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flood Damages Property in Nuwakot Due to Rasuwa Border Overflow |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/76358/nuwakot-cdo-says-there-has-been-a-lot-of-physical-damage |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=english.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Angus |last2=Hoyle |first2=Craig |last3=Dahal |first3=Phanindra |last4=Bicker |first4=Laura |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills at least 95, with hundreds of foreign tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot; /&gt; ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱒᱒᱐ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Rasuwa flood damages 6 major hydropower, transmission facilities, disrupts power supply|url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/business/rasuwa-flood-damages-6-major-hydropower-transmission-facilities-disrupts-power-supply/|website=Nepal News|location=Kathmandu|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ, ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Onlinekhabar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flood leaves parts of Rasuwa and Nuwakot cut off - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/flood-rasuwa-and-nuwakot.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rasuwa flashflood: NA teams, two choppers deployed for search, rescue |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/85520 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=GorakhaPatra}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱯᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=习近平对西藏日喀则市吉隆县遭受泥石流灾害作出重要指示 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/20260826/e73cdedcfa6e4384b15cebedc9a13378/c.html |website=Xinhua News Agency |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-08-26 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |language=zh-cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/26/asia/nepal-flooding-flood-intl|website=CNN |access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]</text>
      <sha1>ngazirhskgn5557mtd20cqukpgc4n78</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199211</id>
      <parentid>199208</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T09:09:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199211</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29484" sha1="ep0fthn46dmuu97ka2o1voy3hwwfpt0" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox event
| name = ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ–ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱵᱟᱱ
| image = Mudslide at Gyirong Port 2 (screenshot).png
| thumbtime = 31
| date = {{start date|2026|08|26|df=y}}
| location = {{ubl
 |'''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ]]''' ᱟᱨ '''[[ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱤᱱ'''|[[ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]| {{flag|Nepal}}
 |'''[[ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱤ]]'''|[[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ]]| {{flag|China}}
}}
| coordinates = {{coord|28.3|N|85.5|E|display=inline,title}}&lt;ref name=&quot;USGS_est&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |access-date=29 August 2026 |archive-date=27 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260827050816/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000tbwb/executive |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;
| type = [[ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ]], [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱹᱛᱩᱨ|ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ]]
| deaths = ᱑,᱔᱙᱗+{{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓}}
| injuries = ᱙,᱒᱘᱗+
| cause = [[ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ]]
| missing = ᱕,᱘᱐᱔+ {{efn|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱑᱙}}
| property_damage = '''ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|277.79 billion|NPR|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|1.8 billion|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}} &lt;br&gt; '''ᱪᱤᱱ:''' &lt;br&gt; {{Currency|450 million|CNY|passthrough=yes}}+ &lt;br&gt; {{small|({{Currency|67.08 million|USD|passthrough=yes}}+)}}
}}

᱒᱖ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ, ᱴᱟᱴᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ–ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱨᱳᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ{{efn|name=&quot;Bhotekoshi&quot;|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ {{convert|65|km}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ {{cvt|45|mi|order=flip}}&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |title=Maps and Images Show the Devastation in Nepal's Flooding |work=The New York Times |date=27 August 2026 |access-date=27 August 2026 |archive-date=26 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260826223119/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-china-flash-flood.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ '''᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ-ᱪᱤᱱ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rescue efforts continue as Nepal-China flood death toll rises to 1,280 |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/9/3/rescue-efforts-continue-as-nepal-china-flood-death-toll-surpasses-1270 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last1=Milko |first1=Victoria |last2=Kafle |first2=Shristi |date=2026-08-29 |title=Nepal-China flood survivors reach safe areas as families await news of nearly 3,000 missing |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |access-date=2026-09-06 |website=AP News |language=en |archive-date=5 September 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260905014026/https://apnews.com/article/nepal-china-flood-rescue-fde34c839b648f93f6aa011f044deb00 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; '''ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱵᱟᱱ''',&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Daily Situation Update on Bhote Koshi River Floods- 06 September 2026 |work=Ministry Of Foreign Affairs |url=https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260906102037/https://mofa.gov.np/content/1878/daily-update-6-september-2026/ |archive-date=2026-09-06 |access-date=2026-09-06 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ '''ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ''' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑,᱔᱕᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕,᱒᱘᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱕᱑᱙ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱫᱚ {{cvt|250|km|mi}} ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱯᱟᱲᱳᱥᱤ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱝᱛᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱳᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱜᱽᱱᱤᱪᱩᱰ ᱫᱚ {{M|s|5.2|link=[[surface-wave magnitude]]}} ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=Extreme flooding in China and Nepal |url=https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=GFZ |language=en |archive-date=29 August 2026 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829125924/https://www.gfz.de/en/press/news/details/extreme-sturzflut-in-china-und-nepal |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-27 |title=26 agosto 2026: la frana in Nepal e l'analisi dei sismogrammi |trans-title=26 August 2026: the landslide in Nepal and the analysis of seismograms |url=https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |access-date=2026-08-29 |website=INGVterremoti |language=it-IT |archive-date=2026-08-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://web.archive.org/web/20260829174117/https://ingvterremoti.com/2026/08/27/26-agosto-2026-la-frana-in-nepal-e-lanalisi-dei-sismogrammi/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱳᱥᱟᱭᱴᱤ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱟᱨᱛᱷᱠᱣᱮᱠ ᱴᱮᱠᱱᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤ (NSET), ᱨᱤᱰᱤᱝ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱣᱠᱟᱥᱮᱞ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥᱚᱜᱽᱭᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱤᱨᱩᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ-ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱛᱟᱹᱯᱤᱥ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ-ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱞᱤᱸᱡᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;NSET&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Rasuwa Debris Flash Flood 2026 |url=https://nset.org.np/disaster/rasuwa-flood/ |publisher=National Society for Earthquake Technology–Nepal |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=The detached ice and rock mass generated an ice–rock avalanche that entrained loose proglacial sediments along its downstream path, transforming into a highly mobile sediment- and water-laden debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Reading&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nepal's complex chain of flood hazards - expert comment |url=https://www.reading.ac.uk/news/2026/Expert-Comment/Nepal-floods---expert-comment |publisher=University of Reading |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=We now believe that the Rasuwa flood was triggered by a large rock and ice avalanche at around 5,200m above sea level, when a huge section of glacier and the underlying bedrock, estimated to be between 1 and 1.3km wide, detached from the Lirung massif.}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Newcastle&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Comment: An expert explains what happened in Nepal |date=28 August 2026 |url=https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/latest/2026/08/conversationnepalfloods/ |publisher=Newcastle University |access-date=2026-09-25 |quote=I think the best description is that a rock-ice avalanche began at around 4,800 metres and fell over 1,200 metres. There was enough ice in the initial collapse – and perhaps subsequently picked up – that it could generate the water to turn it into a devastating long-runout debris flow.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱮᱠᱜᱽᱨᱟᱣᱩᱱᱰ ==
ᱵᱷᱳᱴᱮᱠᱳᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ (ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱤᱫᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱠᱟᱣᱱᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|date=26 August 2026|title=रसुवामा भीषण बाढी, मुग्लिङसम्म सतर्कता|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c3wjp107jy9o|trans-title=Heavy flood in Rasuwa, alert up to Muglin |language=ne|publisher=BBC|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ==
ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱰᱮᱢ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱚᱫᱽ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ, ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Ice avalanche, debris lake may have triggered Bhotekoshi flood |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/ice-avalanche-debris-lake-may-have-triggered-bhotekoshi-flood |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash floods live: At least 98 dead and hundreds missing, including tourists, near Tibet border |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/nepal-flash-floods-live-mudslide-nepal-tibet-border-triggers-catastrophic-2026-08-26/ |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Reuters |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱤᱞ ᱯᱚᱥᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kathmandupost&quot;/&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱞ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flash flood hits Rasuwa, damages hydropower projects and markets |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/major-flood-damages-syabrubesi-hydropower-projects-in-rasuwa |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠᱤᱣᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱭᱟᱭ ᱴᱤᱲᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱱᱴᱟᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱴᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱤᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱢᱟᱣᱩᱱᱴᱮᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱚᱲ-ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱷᱮᱱᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱞᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HT26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Hundreds missing after deadly floods hit Nepal-Tibet border |url=https://www.helsinkitimes.fi/world-int/29199-hundreds-missing-after-deadly-floods-hit-nepal-tibet-border.html |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=Helsinki Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱴᱥ ᱡᱤᱭᱳᱞᱳᱡᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱥᱢᱤᱠ ᱣᱮᱵᱷ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱱᱟᱞᱤᱥᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ Ms 5.2 ᱢᱟᱯ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱐᱒:᱕᱒ UTC ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱝᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite anss|M 5.2 Landslide - 55 km NW of Kodāri̇̄, Nepal|2026|us7000tbwb}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱚᱛᱞᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ-ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱚᱴᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱨᱤᱥᱟᱨᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱜᱽᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ {{Convert|2000|ft}} ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱯᱷ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱞᱮᱱ {{Convert|4000|ft}} ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱢᱟᱱᱰᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ {{Convert|40|mi}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ &lt;ref&gt;Sands, Leo. [https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/26/world/asia/nepal-flood-glacier-ice-avalanche.html &quot;Deadly Nepal Flood May Have Been Caused by Ice Snapping Off Glacier, Scientists Say&quot;], ''The New York Times'', August 26, 2026. Accessed August 26, 2026. &quot;The deadly flooding in Nepal on Wednesday was likely set off at least in part by an enormous chunk of ice snapping off a glacier and cascading thousands of feet to the valley below, according to an initial assessment by a group of geologists and glaciologists. The phenomenon is known as an ice avalanche.... On Wednesday, a chunk of ice with a width of about 2,000 feet snapped cleanly off the glacier, Dr. Shugar said, sending a mixture of ice and water to the valley floor. By his assessment, the chunk of ice fell from an altitude of around 17,000 feet, dropping almost 4,000 feet.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱜᱚᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱹᱞ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱕᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills more than 150, with hundreds of tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t|access-date=2026-08-26 |website=www.bbc.com |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱖᱐᱐ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.democrata.es/en/international/expansion-at-least-95-dead-and-more-than-600-missing-due-to-the-floods-in-northern-nepal-near-the-border-with-china/|title=At least 95 dead and more than 600 missing due to the floods in northern Nepal, near the border with China|date=26 August 2026|work=Democrata}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ, ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱴᱩᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱕᱗᱙ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱖᱖ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2026/08/26/britons-missing-nepal-flash-floods/|work=The Daily Telegraph|title=Girl, 13, among dozens of Britons missing in Nepal flash floods|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Brennan26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last1=Brennan |first1=David |title=Americans reported among hundreds missing in Nepal floods, tourism board says |url=https://abcnews.com/International/americans-reported-missing-nepal-floods-tourism-board/story?id=135964282 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=ABC News |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱫᱮᱥ ᱢᱚᱱᱛᱨᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱘ ᱡᱚᱱᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;kt26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=8 Koreans missing, 10 stranded in flood in Nepal |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/world/20260826/8-koreans-missing-10-stranded-in-flood-in-nepal |access-date=26 August 2026 |agency=Yonhap |publisher=The Korea Times |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱓৭ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱭᱞᱟᱥ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱥᱚᱨᱳᱵᱚᱨ ᱡᱟᱛᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱕᱙ ᱛᱤᱨᱛᱷᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱨᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ, ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰᱥ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indiatoday26a&quot;&gt;{{cite news |title=Nepal flash flood from Tibet leaves 17 dead, 105 Indians missing |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/nepal-flash-flood-tibet-rockslide-rasuwa-105-indians-missing-ptag-2980484-2026-08-26 |access-date=26 August 2026 |publisher=India Today |date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱟᱣᱩᱴᱯᱳᱥᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤᱭᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Bhotekoshi flood: What we know, what remains unclear |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/08/26/bhotekoshi-flood-what-we-know-what-remains-unclear |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=kathmandupost.com |language=English}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|url=https://news.sky.com/story/nepal-tibet-flooding-latest-almost-300-foreign-nationals-among-hundreds-missing-tourism-board-says-13575720|title=Nepal flooding latest: 12 from UK among hundreds missing after deadly flash floods hit border area, tourism board says|work=Sky News|date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱖ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱙ ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱔᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱥᱭᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Nepal flash floods: Hundreds of tourists missing and 95 people killed |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2zyerv2lmo |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱖᱕ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|lang=zh|date=26 August 2026|url=https://www.am730.com.hk/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B/1049703/%E5%8F%97%E5%B0%BC%E6%B3%8A%E7%88%BE%E6%B3%A5%E7%9F%B3%E6%B5%81%E6%B3%A2%E5%8F%8A-%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F3%E6%AD%BB265%E4%BA%BA%E5%A4%B1%E8%81%AF|title=受尼泊爾泥石流波及 西藏3死265人失聯|work=am730}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱝ ᱯᱚᱨᱴ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Sharma|first=Gopal|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-flash-flood-washes-away-villages-project-sites-near-tibet-border-2026-08-26/|website=Reuters|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; 

== ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ==
[[File:Mudslide at Gyirong Port 1.webm|thumb|ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱰᱤᱭᱳ]]

ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱵᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱗᱐ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Prasai |first=Kamal |last2=Gautam |first2=Dinesh |date=2026-08-26 |title=Rasuwa flood leaves trail of destruction from Rasuwagadhi to Bidur |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/rasuwa-flood-in-pictures.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=Online Khabar |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱢᱩᱨᱮ, ᱫᱷᱩᱱᱪᱮ, ᱢᱟᱭᱞᱩᱝ, ᱥᱭᱟᱯᱷᱨᱩᱵᱮᱥᱤ, ᱵᱮᱛᱨᱟᱣᱟᱛᱤ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot; /&gt; ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱠᱚᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ-ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱚᱫᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ratopati&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Flood Damages Property in Nuwakot Due to Rasuwa Border Overflow |url=http://english.ratopati.com/story/76358/nuwakot-cdo-says-there-has-been-a-lot-of-physical-damage |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=english.ratopati.com |language=Nepali}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Thompson |first=Angus |last2=Hoyle |first2=Craig |last3=Dahal |first3=Phanindra |last4=Bicker |first4=Laura |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flash flood on Nepal-Tibet border kills at least 95, with hundreds of foreign tourists missing |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c6y8mjmnpxv0t |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=BBC News |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;RU26a&quot; /&gt; ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱥᱴᱚᱢᱥ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱪᱟᱵᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱚᱞ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; 

ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ, ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱤᱱᱯᱷᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚᱠᱪᱚᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱥᱟᱯᱞᱟᱭ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱤᱞᱮᱠᱴᱨᱤᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱚᱛᱷᱚᱨᱤᱴᱤ ᱮ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱨᱟᱱᱥᱢᱤᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱛᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟᱜᱟᱲᱤ, ᱪᱤᱞᱤᱢᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱮ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱓ᱵᱤ ᱦᱚᱵᱽ ᱒᱒᱐ ᱠᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱥᱟᱵᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱛᱨᱤᱥᱩᱞᱤ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ, ᱟᱨ ᱫᱮᱵᱷᱤᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱚᱯᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Rasuwa flood damages 6 major hydropower, transmission facilities, disrupts power supply|url=https://english.nepalnews.com/s/business/rasuwa-flood-damages-6-major-hydropower-transmission-facilities-disrupts-power-supply/|website=Nepal News|location=Kathmandu|access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ, ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱨᱤᱞᱤᱯᱷ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ, ᱟᱨᱢᱰ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱷᱳᱨᱥ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱟ ᱠᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱞᱤᱠᱚᱯᱴᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Onlinekhabar&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2026-08-26 |title=Flood leaves parts of Rasuwa and Nuwakot cut off - OnlineKhabar English News |url=https://english.onlinekhabar.com/flood-rasuwa-and-nuwakot.html |access-date=2026-08-26 |language=en-GB}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Rasuwa flashflood: NA teams, two choppers deployed for search, rescue |url=https://risingnepaldaily.com/news/85520 |access-date=2026-08-26 |website=GorakhaPatra}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱟᱨᱢᱤ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱘᱘ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

ᱥᱤ.ᱥᱤ.ᱯᱤ ᱡᱮᱱᱮᱨᱟᱞ ᱥᱮᱠᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱱᱯᱤᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱨᱤᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱯᱚᱫᱽ ᱢᱚᱱᱤᱴᱚᱨᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱮᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Xinhua&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=习近平对西藏日喀则市吉隆县遭受泥石流灾害作出重要指示 |url=https://www.news.cn/politics/leaders/20260826/e73cdedcfa6e4384b15cebedc9a13378/c.html |website=Xinhua News Agency |date=2026-08-26 |access-date=2026-08-26 |publisher=Xinhua News Agency |language=zh-cn}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|date=26 August 2026|title=Nepal flash flood kills eight; damages roads, power projects|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2026/08/26/asia/nepal-flooding-flood-intl|website=CNN |access-date=26 August 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴᱥ ==
{{notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{reflist}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱖ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐᱒᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱖|ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱱᱩᱣᱟᱠᱳᱴ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱨᱚᱥᱩᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱵᱟᱜᱽᱢᱚᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ: ᱟᱪᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱱ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]]</text>
      <sha1>ep0fthn46dmuu97ka2o1voy3hwwfpt0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38271</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199164</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-18T12:11:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MT731</username>
        <id>2184</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width                       = 28em | name                            = {{ubli|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | ᱥᱟᱢᱞᱟᱡᱤ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ-ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ}} | color = 800000 | type                            =  | system...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199164</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22847" sha1="6kpb0034k1c9voczpvchmgzg0p658ic" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ}}
{{Infobox rail line
| box_width                       = 28em
| name                            = {{ubli|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | ᱥᱟᱢᱞᱟᱡᱤ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ-ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ}}
| color = 800000
| type                            = 
| system                          = 
| status                          = 
| locale                          = [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]]
| start                           = {{stnlnk|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}}
| end                             = {{stnlnk|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ}}
| routes                          = 
| daily_ridership                 = 
| open                            = {{ubli|1897: ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ |1961: ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ |1911: ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ |1913: ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | 2002: ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ}}

| close                           = 
| owner                           = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]
| operator                        = {{ubl|[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]|[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]}}
| character                       = 
| depot                           = 
| stock                           = 
| linelength                      = {{ubli
|'''ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ''': |{{convert|296|km|mi}}
|'''ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ''': 
|{{avoid wrap|ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ–ᱠᱷᱮᱰ{{nbsp}}ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱦᱟ}} {{nowrap|{{Convert|55|km|mi}} }}
|{{avoid wrap|ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ{{nbnd}}ᱥᱟᱢᱞᱟᱡᱤ{{nbsp}}ᱨᱳᱰ}} {{nowrap|{{convert|138|km|mi}} }}
}}
| tracklength                     = {{convert|296|km|mi}}
| stations                        = ᱓᱓
| tracks                          = ᱑
| gauge                           = {{track gauge|1676mm}} ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ
| old_gauge                       = {{track gauge|1000mm}} ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ
| minradius                       = 
| racksystem                      = 
| electrification                 = ᱦᱳᱭ
| speed                           = 
| elevation                       = 
| website                         = 
| map                             = {{ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}}
| map_state                       = collapsed
}}

'''ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]], [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾

᱒᱙᱙.᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱘᱖.᱑᱓ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱰᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱚᱞᱞᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱢᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

==ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ==
ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
# ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱕᱕ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾
# ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱓᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://st2.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya0/0/7/3/0/1639730/0/1446114359362updatedposition191015149970.pdf Western Railways], Retrieved 16 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱰᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
# ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ-ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱚᱢᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱕᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)
# ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱑᱓᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱘᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |title=Udaipur-Himmatnagar-Ahmedabad Gauge conversion Project |date= |url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_7111412212161Notecontainingdetailsoftheproject.pdf |last= |first= |access-date=2025-11-02 |url-status=live |year= |publisher=ForestsClearance.nic.in |location= |place=[[Udaipur]] |language=en-IN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707142754/http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_7111412212161Notecontainingdetailsoftheproject.pdf |archive-date=2022-07-07}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ==
ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱛᱟᱞᱚᱫᱽ, ᱛᱟᱞᱚᱫᱽ-ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱡᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱘᱘.᱗᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ (᱑᱔᱒.᱗᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.208633/page/n31/mode/2up|&quot;Summary of the principal measures of the viceroyalty of the Earl of Elgin in the Public Works Department Jan 1894 to Dec 1898&quot;]] p.20&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Government of India |url=http://archive.org/details/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem |title=Administration Report on Railways: Bombay Baroda And Central India Railway System |year=1918 |pages=25–27}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱓᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱨᱮᱞ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱞᱟ-ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1956-57.pdf RailBudget 1956-57], Retrieved 15 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1961-62.pdf Rail Budget 1961-62], Retrieved 15 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt; 

ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱨᱳ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱕ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱙ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650 Indian Railway Board History and Progress]&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱗ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/445022/1/58452.pdf Government of India], Retrieved 15 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱥᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱖᱕ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Modasa-Kapadvanj railway line inaugurated by Advani |last=Pathak |first=Anil |date=2002-10-28 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Modasa-Kapadvanj-railway-line-inaugurated-by-Advani/articleshow/26491568.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429154632/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Modasa-Kapadvanj-railway-line-inaugurated-by-Advani/articleshow/26491568.cms |archive-date=2025-04-29 |access-date=2025-11-02 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en-IN}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/2001-02.pdf Rail Budget 2001-02], Retrieved 15 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://smedia2.intoday.in/indiatoday/English_Speech_2013-14.pdf Rail Budget 2013-14], Retrieved 15 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt;

==ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ==
[[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,4,268&amp;dcd=3494&amp;did=148284169683931DE37A958C24615ED4B85ADB4633F84.web91 Western Railways], Retrieved 15 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt; 

᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱠᱷᱮᱰᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gujarat Samachar2017&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |title=રેલ્વે લાઇનનું બ્રોડગેજમાં રૃપાંતરથી આજથી તલોદ-ખેડબ્રહ્મા તરફની ટ્રેનો બંધ |date=2016-12-31 |url=http://m.gujaratsamachar.com/articles/display_article/north-gujarat/north-gujarat-tower-stop-trains-from-today-khedbrahma |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829163316/http://m.gujaratsamachar.com/articles/display_article/north-gujarat/north-gujarat-tower-stop-trains-from-today-khedbrahma |archive-date=2017-08-29 |work=[[Gujarat Samachar]] |trans-title=Due to Broad Gauge Conversion, Trains Towards Talod–Khedbrahma Suspended from Today |language=gu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=ઈડરથી ખેડબ્રહ્મા વચ્ચે 3 વર્ષથી ગેજ પરિવર્તનના નામે રેલવે વ્યવહાર બંધ |date= |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/railway-connection-cut-between-idar-and-khedbrahma-for-3-years-for-gauge-conversion-125995286.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827161826/https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/railway-connection-cut-between-idar-and-khedbrahma-for-3-years-for-gauge-conversion-125995286.html |archive-date=2025-08-27 |access-date=2025-11-02 |work=[[Divya Bhaskar]] |trans-title=Railway Service Suspended for 3 Years Between Idar and Khedbrahma Due to Gauge Conversion |language=gu}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ (᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ) ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |date=2022-06-03 |title=આનંદની લાગણી:હિંમતનગર-ખેડબ્રહ્મા રેલવે ગેજ પરિવર્તન માટે 482 કરોડ મંજૂર, આગામી 6 માસમાં ટેન્ડરીંગ |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/sabarkantha/news/482-crore-sanctioned-for-gauge-conversion-of-himmatnagar-khedbrahma-railway-129889016.html |publisher=Divya Bhaskar |language=gu}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Project Summary |url=http://www.cspm.gov.in/ocmstemp/PROJ_SUMMARY?prcd=N22000537&amp;stat=O |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=www.cspm.gov.in}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2025-08-09 |title=Gauge Conversion Complete on Himmatnagar-Khedbrahma Rail Line; Safety Inspection Next Week |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2025/08/09/gauge-conversion-complete-on-himmatnagar-khedbrahma-rail-line-safety-inspection-next-week/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ-ᱥᱟᱢᱞᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite report |title=Status of NL, GC &amp; DL Projects |date=2023-12-10 |url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1702211126904-Status%20of%20Projects%20and%20Survey.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]], [[Indian Railways]] |publication-date=2023-12-10 |language=en-IN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827190503/https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1702211126904-Status%20of%20Projects%20and%20Survey.pdf |archive-date=2025-08-27}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.deshgujarat.com/2015/03/20/status-of-ahmedabad-udaipur-broad-gauge-rail-track/ deshgujarat.com], Retrieved 15 August 2015&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱰᱮᱢᱭᱩ (ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱞ-ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ) ᱨᱮᱞᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾&lt;ref&gt;[https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&amp;id=0,4,268&amp;dcd=4506&amp;did=1571145583941D610A152833811B807A213F7DD9D35F1 Western Railways], Retrieved 15 August 2020&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱨᱳᱰ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱑᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ{{when|date=January 2024}} ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{update inline|date=January 2024}}

===ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ===
ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ (ᱵᱤ ᱡᱤ) ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{timeframe|date=January 2024}} ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱺ
* ᱑᱒᱙᱘᱑/᱑᱒᱙᱘᱒ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]]–[[ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨᱯᱟᱥᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ)
** ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱙᱖᱕᱙/᱖᱐ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ
* ᱑᱙᱗᱐᱓/᱑᱙᱗᱐᱔ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ-[[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ)
* ᱑᱙᱘᱒᱑/᱑᱙᱘᱒᱒ [[ᱠᱚᱴᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱠᱚᱴᱟ]]–ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ)
* ᱑᱙᱓᱑᱕/᱑᱙᱓᱑᱖ [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱳᱲᱜᱚᱲ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ)
* ᱐᱙᱕᱔᱓/᱐᱙᱕᱔᱔ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ-[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱳᱲᱜᱚᱲ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱳᱲᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱰᱮᱢᱭᱩ (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ)

===ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ===
ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ:
* ᱑᱒᱓᱑᱕/᱑᱒᱓᱑᱖ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱱᱭᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ]]
* ᱑᱒᱙᱖᱓/᱑᱒᱖᱔ [[ᱢᱮᱣᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ
* ᱒᱐᱙᱗᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱗᱒ [[ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨ]]-[[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ
* ᱑᱙᱙᱔᱓/᱑᱙᱙᱔᱔ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]: [[ᱚᱠᱷᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱚᱠᱷᱟ]]-[[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱞᱟ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ
* ᱑᱙᱙᱑᱑/᱑᱙᱙᱑᱒ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]: [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]]-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ
* [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]-[[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱱᱟᱶᱟ)
* [[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]]-[[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱱᱟᱶᱟ)

==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ==
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ==

{{DEFAULTSORT:ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱨᱳᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>6kpb0034k1c9voczpvchmgzg0p658ic</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ</title>
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    <id>38272</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199167</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T06:41:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
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      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="16125" sha1="aanocyyhu7s6tgwygmn6w0rvdj2tf10" xml:space="preserve">{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

'''ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ]] ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱠᱟᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱭᱤᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], [[ᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

== ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ == 
ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱲᱦᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱛ-ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ, ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ, ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ-ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last1=Humtsoe |first1=Chumchano |title=The Cultural Heritage of Nagaland |last2=Marak |first2=Queenbala | author-link2=Queenbala Marak |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2023 |isbn=9781032424477 |editor-last=Chophy |editor-first=G. Kanato |edition=1st |location=London |pages=301–313 |language=en |chapter=Naga Ethnic Food: History, Traditional Knowledge System, and Cultural Meanings |editor-last2=Chaudhuri |editor-first2=Sarit K.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ-ᱩᱛᱩ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ/ᱟᱪᱟᱨ (''ᱛᱟᱛᱷᱩ'') ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱱᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱟᱠᱚ᱾ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ/ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱸᱫᱽᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱨᱜᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱢᱚᱨᱤᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱞᱳᱠᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ, ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ: ᱪᱟᱥ, ᱵᱤᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱞᱟ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ᱾

* '''ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ:''' ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗᱐ ᱥᱟᱭᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟᱭ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾
* '''ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱩᱥᱟᱹ:''' ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱩᱥᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ: ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kikon |first=Dolly |author-link=Dolly Kikon |date=2021 |title=Bamboo Shoot in Our Blood: Fermenting Flavors and Identities in Northeast India |url=https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/715830 |journal=Current Anthropology |language=en |volume=62 |issue=S24 |pages=S376–S387 |doi=10.1086/715830 |issn=0011-3204|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱛᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱞᱳᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱩᱥᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱮᱱᱰᱨᱳᱠᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱥ ᱦᱮᱢᱤᱞᱴᱳᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱳᱛᱷᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ [[ᱣᱳᱠᱷᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱢᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱳᱦᱤᱢᱟ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{Note|ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱵᱟᱸᱵᱩ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱮᱞᱚᱯᱢᱮᱱᱴ ᱵᱳᱨᱰ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱒ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱳᱨᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾}} ᱞᱳᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱩᱥᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱨᱩᱡᱩ, ᱨᱩᱡᱟᱠ, ᱨᱩᱡᱳᱱ, ᱨᱩᱭᱮᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱡᱳᱱᱯᱷᱮᱱ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:Naga Smoked Pork with Axone (Fermented Soyabeans).jpg|thumb|''[[ᱟᱠᱷᱩᱱᱤ]]'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ|right]]

* ᱟᱠᱷᱩᱱᱤ (''axone''), ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajungla 2020 459–477&quot;&gt;{{Citation |last=Ajungla |first=T. |chapter=Some Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of Nagaland |date=2020 |title=Ethnic Fermented Foods and Beverages of India: Science History and Culture |pages=459–477 |editor-last=Tamang |editor-first=Jyoti Prakash |chapter-url=https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-1486-9_17 |access-date=2025-05-11 |place=Singapore |publisher=Springer |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-981-15-1486-9_17 |isbn=978-981-15-1486-9 |last2=Yeptho |first2=Lydia |last3=Kichu |first3=Asangla |last4=Nyenthang |first4=Gloria|chapter-url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last=Kikon |first=Dolly |author-link=Dolly Kikon |date= |title=Fermenting Modernity: Putting Akhuni on the Nation's Table in India |url=http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00856401.2015.1031936 |journal=South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies |language=en |volume=38 |issue=2 |pages=320–335 |doi=10.1080/00856401.2015.1031936 |issn=0085-6401|url-access=subscription }}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱟᱠᱤᱵᱤᱭᱮ (Akibiye) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱩᱥᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱤ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;
* ᱟᱱᱤᱥᱤ (Anishi) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱩ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱣ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
* ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱛᱩᱥᱟᱹ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱵᱟᱥᱛᱮᱸᱜᱟ''  ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱟᱫ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱳᱛᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾
* ᱥᱮᱛᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |title=Tribal Naga Dog meat delicacy |url=http://www.demotix.com/news/302632/tribal-naga-dog-meat-delicacy |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106181038/http://www.demotix.com/news/302632/tribal-naga-dog-meat-delicacy |archive-date=6 January 2012 |access-date=29 January 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱜᱟᱞᱦᱳ (Galho), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱡᱟᱣᱳ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱝᱜᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱮᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Kesangunuo |date=30 July 2017 |title=Recipe of Galho – Yummy Rice Dish from Nagaland |url=https://rootsandleisure.com/recipe-of-naga-dish-galho/ |access-date=6 August 2021 |website=Roots and Leisure}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* ᱢᱮᱥᱩ (Mesü) ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱝᱜᱟᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾
* ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱸᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱟᱠᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾
* ᱭᱳᱝᱪᱟᱠ (''Parkia speciosa'') ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱪᱷᱩᱭᱤᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱮ-ᱛᱷᱚᱯᱮ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|title=7 Special Dishes Of Nagaland That Everyone Needs to Try|url=https://food.ndtv.com/food-drinks/7-special-dishes-of-nagaland-that-everyone-needs-to-try-1786800|access-date=2021-06-27|website=NDTV Food|date=8 December 2017 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[File:Lotha Naga dish, Machihan.jpg|thumb|ᱞᱳᱛᱷᱟ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ, ᱢᱟᱪᱤᱦᱟ]]

== ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

* ᱛᱷᱩᱛᱥᱮ (Thuthse) ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱝᱜᱟᱢᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱮᱥᱟᱝ ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
* ᱡᱩᱛᱷᱳ (Zutho) ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱢᱤᱨ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ''ᱛᱷᱩᱛᱥᱮ'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ, ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ajungla 2020 459–477&quot; /&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ==
{{refbegin}}
- [http://www.akasworld.com/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=list_pages_categories&amp;cid=4 ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱠᱚ] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707101115/http://www.akasworld.com/modules.php?name=Content&amp;pa=list_pages_categories&amp;cid=4 |date=7 July 2011 }} ''Naga Ethnic Cuisine - A Class of its Own'', ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱥᱣᱮᱪᱷᱟᱥᱮᱵᱤ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ᱾
&lt;!-- * Sheela Reddy etc etc etc''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100710002216/http://www.outlookindia.com/article.aspx?233624 Man Eat Frog]'', [https://www.outlookindia.com/ Oulook Magazine], --&gt;
{{refend}}

{{ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ}}

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>38273</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199168</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T06:45:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;{{Sidebar with collapsible lists | name     = Indian cuisine | templatestyles = Template:Indian cuisine/styles.css | class    = indian-cuisine hlist | pretitle = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: | title    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] | image = [[File:Indian Spices.jpg|class=notpageimage|200px]] | list1name  = Re...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199168</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="7607" sha1="3tvtm9jqozb79jfx4qkse918vg90kvy" xml:space="preserve">{{Sidebar with collapsible lists
| name     = Indian cuisine
| templatestyles = Template:Indian cuisine/styles.css
| class    = indian-cuisine hlist
| pretitle = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
| title    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
| image = [[File:Indian Spices.jpg|class=notpageimage|200px]]
| list1name  = Regional cuisines
| list1title = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list1      = 
;[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
* [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ]]
* [[ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ]]
* [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥᱤ]]

;[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ]]
* [[ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ]]
* [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
* [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]]
* [[ᱫᱤᱵᱷᱮᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱭᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ]]
* [[ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]
* [[ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ]]
* [[ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ]]

;ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ]]
* [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]

;ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱳᱣᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]]
* [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] 
* [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ]]

;ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ]]
* [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]]
* [[ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱤᱡᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱤᱡᱳ]]
* [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]
* [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢᱤᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]

;ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
* [[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ|ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]
* [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ (ᱥᱟᱛᱛᱣᱤᱠ)]]

| list2name  = Ingredients and types of food
| list2title = ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
| list2      = 
&lt;section begin=Ingredients, types of food /&gt;
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱣ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ|ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ/ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ/ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]&lt;section end=Ingredients, types of food /&gt;

| list3name  = Preparation and cooking
| list3title = ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
| list3      = 
&lt;section begin=Preparation and cooking /&gt;
* [[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ (ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱣᱟ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]
* [[ᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤ]]
* [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]&lt;section end=Preparation and cooking /&gt;

| list4name  = See also
| list4title = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
| list4      = 
&lt;section begin=See also /&gt;
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
* [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[wikibooks:Cookbook:Cuisine of India|ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]&lt;section end=See also /&gt;

| list5title = ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list5      = 
&lt;section begin=Related cuisines /&gt;
* [[ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]&lt;section end=Related cuisines /&gt;

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* {{portal-inline|India|size=tiny}}
* {{portal-inline|Food|size=tiny}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- ᱫᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ /doc ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱮ, ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ --&gt;
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      <timestamp>2026-10-19T06:55:54Z</timestamp>
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        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199172</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7573" sha1="n90vkjhkli4frs93zqewl8buq2s3w3h" xml:space="preserve">{{Sidebar with collapsible lists
| name     = Indian cuisine
| templatestyles = 
| class    = indian-cuisine hlist
| pretitle = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
| title    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
| image = [[File:Indian Spices.jpg|class=notpageimage|200px]]
| list1name  = Regional cuisines
| list1title = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list1      = 
;[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
* [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ]]
* [[ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ]]
* [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥᱤ]]

;[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ]]
* [[ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ]]
* [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
* [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]]
* [[ᱫᱤᱵᱷᱮᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱭᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ]]
* [[ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]
* [[ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ]]
* [[ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ]]

;ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ]]
* [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]

;ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱳᱣᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]]
* [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] 
* [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ]]

;ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ]]
* [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]]
* [[ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱤᱡᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱤᱡᱳ]]
* [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]
* [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢᱤᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]

;ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
* [[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ|ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]
* [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ (ᱥᱟᱛᱛᱣᱤᱠ)]]

| list2name  = Ingredients and types of food
| list2title = ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
| list2      = 
&lt;section begin=Ingredients, types of food /&gt;
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱣ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ|ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ/ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ/ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]&lt;section end=Ingredients, types of food /&gt;

| list3name  = Preparation and cooking
| list3title = ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
| list3      = 
&lt;section begin=Preparation and cooking /&gt;
* [[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ (ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱣᱟ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]
* [[ᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤ]]
* [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]&lt;section end=Preparation and cooking /&gt;

| list4name  = See also
| list4title = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
| list4      = 
&lt;section begin=See also /&gt;
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
* [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[wikibooks:Cookbook:Cuisine of India|ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]&lt;section end=See also /&gt;

| list5title = ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list5      = 
&lt;section begin=Related cuisines /&gt;
* [[ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]&lt;section end=Related cuisines /&gt;

| below = 
* {{portal-inline|India|size=tiny}}
* {{portal-inline|Food|size=tiny}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- ᱫᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ /doc ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱮ, ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>n90vkjhkli4frs93zqewl8buq2s3w3h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199173</id>
      <parentid>199172</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:06:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199173</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7569" sha1="0b41zp127m8uus4vf510r1jly1v0hot" xml:space="preserve">{{Sidebar with collapsible lists
| name     = Indian cuisine
| templatestyles = 
| class    = indian-cuisine hlist
| pretitle = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ:
| title    = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
| image = [[File:Indian Spices.jpg|class=notpageimage|200px]]
| list1name  = Regional cuisines
| list1title = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list1      = 
;[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]]
* [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ]]
* [[ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ]]
* [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥᱤ]]

;[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ]]
* [[ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ]]
* [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
* [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]]
* [[ᱫᱤᱵᱷᱮᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱭᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ]]
* [[ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]
* [[ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱮᱞᱮᱝᱜᱟᱱᱟ]]
* [[ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ]]

;ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ]]
* [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]

;ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱳᱣᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]]
* [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] 
* [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ]]

;ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
* [[ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ]]
* [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]]
* [[ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
* [[ᱢᱤᱡᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱤᱡᱳ]]
* [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]
* [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢᱤᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]

;ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
* [[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ|ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]
* [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ]]
* [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ (ᱥᱟᱛᱛᱣᱤᱠ)]]

| list2name  = Ingredients and types of food
| list2title = ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
| list2      = 
&lt;section begin=Ingredients, types of food /&gt;
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱣ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱥᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱤᱣ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ|ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ/ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ|ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ/ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]]&lt;section end=Ingredients, types of food /&gt;

| list3name  = Preparation and cooking
| list3title = ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
| list3      = 
&lt;section begin=Preparation and cooking /&gt;
* [[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ (ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ)|ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱣᱟ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]
* [[ᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤ]]
* [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ|ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]&lt;section end=Preparation and cooking /&gt;

| list4name  = See also
| list4title = ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ
| list4      = 
&lt;section begin=See also /&gt;
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
* [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ]]
* [[wikibooks:Cookbook:Cuisine of India|ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ: ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]&lt;section end=See also /&gt;

| list5title = ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list5      = 
&lt;section begin=Related cuisines /&gt;
* [[ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱵᱷᱩᱴᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱤᱵᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱛᱤᱵᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
* [[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]]&lt;section end=Related cuisines /&gt;

| below = 
* {{portal-inline|India|size=tiny}}
* {{portal-inline|Food|size=tiny}}
}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- ᱫᱟᱭᱟᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ /doc ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱽ ᱢᱮ, ᱥᱟᱨᱦᱟᱣ --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0b41zp127m8uus4vf510r1jly1v0hot</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Sidebar/configuration</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38274</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199170</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T06:52:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;return { 	i18n = { 		child_yes = 'yes', 		float_none = 'none', 		float_left = 'left', 		wrap_true = 'true', 		navbar_none = 'none', 		navbar_off = 'off', 		default_list_title = 'List', 		title_not_to_add_navbar = 'Template:Sidebar', 		collapse_title_not_to_add_navbar = 'Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists', 		templatestyles = { 			sidebar = 'Module:Sidebar/styles.css', 			hlist = 'Hlist/styles.css', 			plainlist = 'Plainli...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199170</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="1895" sha1="drxjlbc57zd2jzh3sg979stjjqjencw" xml:space="preserve">return {
	i18n = {
		child_yes = 'yes',
		float_none = 'none',
		float_left = 'left',
		wrap_true = 'true',
		navbar_none = 'none',
		navbar_off = 'off',
		default_list_title = 'List',
		title_not_to_add_navbar = 'Template:Sidebar',
		collapse_title_not_to_add_navbar = 'Template:Sidebar with collapsible lists',
		templatestyles = {
			sidebar = 'Module:Sidebar/styles.css',
			hlist = 'Hlist/styles.css',
			plainlist = 'Plainlist/styles.css',
			subinfobox = 'Subinfobox bodystyle/styles.css',
		},
		category = {
			child = '[[Category:Pages using sidebar with the child parameter]]',
			conversion = '[[Category:Sidebars with styles needing conversion]]'
		},
		pattern = {
			collapse_sandbox = '/sandbox$',
			sandbox = '/sandbox$',
			subgroup = 'sidebar%-subgroup',
			style_conversion = 'style$',
			uncategorized_conversion_titles = {
				'/[Ss]andbox',
				'/[Tt]estcases',
				'/[Dd]oc$'
			}
		},
		class = {
			sidebar = 'sidebar',
			subgroup = 'sidebar-subgroup',
			subinfobox = 'subinfobox',
			collapse = 'sidebar-collapse',
			float_none = 'sidebar-none',
			float_left = 'sidebar-left',
			wraplinks = 'nowraplinks',
			outer_title = 'sidebar-outer-title',
			top_image = 'sidebar-top-image',
			top_caption = 'sidebar-top-caption',
			pretitle = 'sidebar-pretitle',
			pretitle_with_top_image = 'sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image',
			title = 'sidebar-title',
			title_with_pretitle = 'sidebar-title-with-pretitle',
			image = 'sidebar-image',
			caption = 'sidebar-caption',
			above = 'sidebar-above',
			heading = 'sidebar-heading',
			content = 'sidebar-content',
			content_with_subgroup = 'sidebar-content-with-subgroup',
			below = 'sidebar-below',
			navbar = 'sidebar-navbar',
			list = 'sidebar-list',
			list_title = 'sidebar-list-title',
			list_title_centered = 'sidebar-list-title-c',
			list_content = 'sidebar-list-content',
			noviewer = 'noviewer'
		}
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>drxjlbc57zd2jzh3sg979stjjqjencw</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Sidebar/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38275</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199171</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T06:55:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;/* {{pp-template}} */ /* TODO: Invert width design to be &quot;mobile first&quot; */ .sidebar { 	/* TODO: Ask if we should have max-width 22em instead */ 	width: 22em; 	/* @noflip */ 	float: right; 	/* @noflip */ 	clear: right; 	/* @noflip */ 	margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; 	background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); 	border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); 	padding: 0.2em; 	text-align: center; 	line-height: 1.4...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199171</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="4957" sha1="fuz5aa4p4n4l6g77yd5omfh4n7prjo0" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */
/* TODO: Invert width design to be &quot;mobile first&quot; */
.sidebar {
	/* TODO: Ask if we should have max-width 22em instead */
	width: 22em;
	/* @noflip */
	float: right;
	/* @noflip */
	clear: right;
	/* @noflip */
	margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em;
	background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);
	border: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
	padding: 0.2em;
	text-align: center;
	line-height: 1.4em;
	font-size: 88%;
	border-collapse: collapse;
	/* Timeless has display: none on .nomobile at mobile resolutions, so we
	 * unhide it with display: table and let precedence and proximity win.
	 */
	display: table; 
}

/* Unfortunately, so does Minerva desktop, except Minerva drops an
 * !important on the declaration. So we have to be mean for Minerva users.
 * Mobile removes the element entirely with `wgMFRemovableClasses` in 
 * https://github.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/blob/master/
 wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php#L16992
 * which is why displaying it categorically with display: table works.
 * We don't really want to expose the generic user in the wild on mobile to have
 * to deal with sidebars. (Maybe the ones with collapsible lists, so that
 * might be an improvement. That is blocked on [[:phab:T111565]].)
 */
body.skin-minerva .sidebar {
	display: table !important;
	/* also, minerva is way too aggressive about other stylings on tables.
	 * TODO remove when this template gets moved to a div. plans on talk page.
	 * We always float right on Minerva because that's a lot of extra CSS
	 * otherwise. */
    float: right !important;
    margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em !important;
}

.sidebar-subgroup {
	width: 100%;
	margin: 0;
	border-spacing: 0;
}

.sidebar-left {
	/* @noflip */
	float: left;
	/* @noflip */
	clear: left;
	/* @noflip */
	margin: 0.5em 1em 1em 0;
}

.sidebar-none {
	float: none;
	clear: both;
	/* @noflip */
	margin: 0.5em 1em 1em 0;
}

.sidebar-outer-title {
	padding: 0 0.4em 0.2em;
	font-size: 125%;
	line-height: 1.2em;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.sidebar-top-image {
	padding: 0.4em;
}

.sidebar-top-caption,
.sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,
.sidebar-caption {
	padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0;
	line-height: 1.2em;
}

.sidebar-pretitle {
	padding: 0.4em 0.4em 0;
	line-height: 1.2em;
}

.sidebar-title,
.sidebar-title-with-pretitle {
	padding: 0.2em 0.8em;
	font-size: 145%;
	line-height: 1.2em;
}

.sidebar-title-with-pretitle {
	padding: 0.1em 0.4em;
}

.sidebar-image {
	padding: 0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;
}

.sidebar-heading {
	padding: 0.1em 0.4em;
}

.sidebar-content {
	padding: 0 0.5em 0.4em;
}

.sidebar-content-with-subgroup {
	padding: 0.1em 0.4em 0.2em;
}

.sidebar-above,
.sidebar-below {
	padding: 0.3em 0.8em;
	font-weight: bold;
}

.sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,
.sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below {
	border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
	border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);
}

.sidebar-navbar {
	text-align: right;
	font-size: 115%;
	padding: 0 0.4em 0.4em;
}

.sidebar-list-title {
	padding: 0 0.4em;
	text-align: left;
	font-weight: bold;
	line-height: 1.6em;
	font-size: 105%;
}

/* centered text with mw-collapsible headers is finicky */
.sidebar-list-title-c {
	padding: 0 0.4em;
	text-align: center;
	margin: 0 3.3em;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
	/* users have wide latitude to set arbitrary width and margin :(
	   &quot;Super-specific&quot; selector to prevent overriding this appearance by
	   lower level sidebars too */
	body.mediawiki .sidebar {
		width: 100% !important;
		clear: both;
		float: none !important; /* Remove when we div based; Minerva is dumb */
		margin-left: 0 !important;
		margin-right: 0 !important;
	}
	/* TODO: We might consider making all links wrap at small resolutions and then
	 * only introduce nowrap at higher resolutions. Do when we invert the media
	 * query.
	 */
}

/* Fixes: T367463 */
body.skin--responsive .sidebar a &gt; img {
	max-width: none !important;
}

/* Disable backgrounds via style attribute in night mode Eg.https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/F55243859
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Laissez-faire
 */

@media screen {
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .sidebar:not( .notheme ) .sidebar-list-title,
    html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .sidebar:not( .notheme ) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle {
	  background: transparent !important;
    }

    html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .sidebar:not( .notheme ) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a {
     	color: var( --color-progressive ) !important;
    }
}

@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .sidebar:not( .notheme ) .sidebar-list-title,
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .sidebar:not( .notheme ) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle {
		background: transparent !important;
	}
	
	html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .sidebar:not( .notheme ) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a {
		color: var( --color-progressive ) !important;
	}
}

@media print {
	body.ns-0 .sidebar {
		display: none !important;
	}
}</text>
      <sha1>fuz5aa4p4n4l6g77yd5omfh4n7prjo0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38276</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199174</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:16:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created a new article translated from English Wikipedia. There are lots of red links because I will create those red links right now. That's why all the red links are there.</comment>
      <origin>199174</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="78771" sha1="mpn1v62gd0har287kiw8vfm7chutusj" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tradtional Thali.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]]

'''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ''' (Indian cuisine) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱤᱪᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Flavors 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pant |first=Gaurav Kumar |url=https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |title=Flavors of the Indian Food |year=2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415214506/https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dias1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Dias |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRx9I2BqSpMC&amp;pg=PA215 |title=The Steward |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0325-0 |page=215}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GestelandGesteland2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gesteland |first1=Richard R. |last2=Gesteland |first2=Mary C. |title=India: Cross-cultural Business Behavior: for Business People, Expatriates and Scholars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXqDRS4IN1IC |year=2010 |publisher=Copenhagen Business School Press |isbn=978-87-630-0222-6 |page=176}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ-ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞ; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ-ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ; [[ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ}}

[[File:Sweets 1.jpg|thumb|upright|᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[Ni'matnāmah Naṣir al-Dīn Shāhī|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ]]'' ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubey2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Dubey |first=Krishna Gopal |title=The Indian Cuisine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |year=2011 |publisher=PHI Learning |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Achaya&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC|year=2003 |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-8173712937}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱹᱭ|ᱠᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/&quot;]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm &quot;Mehrgarh&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18}}. ''Guide to Archaeology''&lt;/ref&gt; ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice &amp; All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html |title=Where Did Curry Come From? |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=January 29, 2013 |magazine=Slate}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱓᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱨ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ-ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱠᱟᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JR14&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ]] (ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JMI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&amp;pg=PA189}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NATC&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱭᱟᱡᱽᱧᱚᱵᱚᱞᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|p=11}} [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ [[History of the Philippines#Indianised|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]]᱾&lt;ref name=influ1&gt;{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&amp;q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ,&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27}}, about.com&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Civitello2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Civitello |first=Linda |title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&amp;pg=PA267 |access-date=4 June 2012 |date=29 March 2011 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-40371-6 |page=267}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ᱾ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱣ|ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|p=194}} [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ (baking) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ]], [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ]], [[ᱠᱩᱦᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gopalakrishnan2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=T. R. Gopalakrishnan|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&amp;pg=PA209|year=2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-41-7|pages=209–}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ]] ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ (curry) ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Mahmood |first=Syed Zain |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]]|date=19 December 2008|volume=7|issue=49|access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]], [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], [[ᱟᱴᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱚᱲᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ, ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston1958&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Bruce F. |last=Johnston |title=The Staple Food Economies of Western Tropical Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyCrAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA14 |year=1958 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-0537-0 |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]],&lt;ref name=&quot;LocricchioMcConnell2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Matthew |last1=Locricchio |first2=Jack |last2=McConnell |title=The Cooking of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijiRROaS3UUC&amp;pg=PA77 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-0-7614-1730-9 |page=77}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Petrina Verma |title=The Cuisine of South India |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-south-india-1957884 |website=The Spruce Eats |access-date=22 November 2025 |date=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ShiHo2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Shi |author2=Chi-Tang Ho |first3=Fereidoon |last3=Shahidi |title=Functional Foods of the East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VENd7fgLIkC&amp;pg=PA64 |year=2010 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-7192-4 |page=64}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱡᱽᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KumarDubey2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Arvind |last1=Kumar |first2=Pushpalata |last2=Dubey |title=Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrZIde3mIlQC&amp;pg=PA28 |year=2006 |publisher=Daya Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7035-419-2 |page=28}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ|ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱤ]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharma&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=J. P. |title=Academic Biology IX |year=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZBLu-IGByQC&amp;pg=PA97 |publisher=Laxmi Publications |isbn=978-81-7008-579-9 |page=97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ|ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱡᱟᱝ, [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ]], [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱦᱤᱝ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]], [[ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ]]᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱲᱚᱱ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱜᱳᱰᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱟ]], ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, [[ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gress2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Priti Chitnis |last=Gress |title=Flavorful India: Treasured Recipes from a Gujarati Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6snLg--pjUC&amp;pg=PA15|year=2008 |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |isbn=978-0-7818-1207-8 |page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanmugam2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Devagi |last=Sanmugam |title=Naturally Speaking: Indian: Recipes and Home Remedies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9HNd3jG1ZsC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-981-232-715-4 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=220 heights=130 caption=&quot;ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Spices in an Indian market.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱠᱚ
File:3 types of lentil.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱮᱦᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ, ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ-ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱨ'', ''ᱪᱷᱚᱣᱠ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱟᱲᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱩ|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱥᱟ, ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱮᱥ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ''ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ'' ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ [[ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ / ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=180 heights=140 caption=&quot;ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Firewood, the substitute of LPG (cropped).jpg|ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
File:Batan (stone) and uña, the traditional utensils, are in use of grinding spices at a Bengali household in West Bengal, India.jpg|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ (ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ) ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==
 
{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=243–272}} ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤ]] ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ &quot;ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}}

=== ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ===

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Street food of Chennai|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]], [[Shahjahanabad|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Street food of Mumbai|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CN Traveller 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Where to find the most fantastic street food in India |url=https://www.cntraveller.com/gallery/best-indian-street-food |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=9 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sarma |first=Ramya |title=In Search of Mumbai Vada Pav |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-mumbai-vada-pav/article3657300.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621004414/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/article3657300.ece |archive-date=21 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Ashwin |title=Where to find the best idlis in Chennai |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/find-best-idlis-chennai/ |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=28 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ&quot;&gt;
File:Idli Sambar.JPG|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Kebabs in Delhi -Alina Tiphagne.jpeg|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]]
File:Aran Vada Pav Mumbai.jpg|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]]
File:Kolkata Rolls.jpg|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ===

[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤ]], ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=245–246}} ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱠᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ray Srinivas 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Krishnendu |last2=Srinivas |first2=Tulasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c7MwDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA121 |title=Curried Cultures: Globalization, Food, and South Asia |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-520-27012-1 |pages=110–124}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱳᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱥ]]) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=205-206, 245–246}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Lucknowi Mutton Matka Dum Biriyani.jpg|[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ'', ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Wazwan trami full.jpg|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ===

[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=254–255}} [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]''᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱟᱪᱟᱭᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}} ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱨᱯᱳᱛᱮᱞ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Undhiyu.jpg|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]
File:Zunka from Maharashtra.JPG|[[ᱡᱷᱩᱱᱠᱟ]]
File:Chhole Upma - Homemade, Jabalpur - Madhya Pradesh - IMG001.jpg|ᱪᱷᱳᱞᱮ ᱩᱯᱢᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ===

[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ]], ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱠᱟᱨᱯ]], ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}} ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=128–133}} [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:ইলিশ মাছ ভাজা ও ভাত.jpg|[[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805345 - Regional Litti Chokha.jpeg|[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ
File:Ever tried a rice cooked in a bamboo?.jpg|ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Prosad thali.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ===

[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=118–127}} ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=259–260}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Bisi Bele Bath (Bisibelebath).JPG|[[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Ondu Plate Idli Vada.jpg|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱴᱴᱮ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ
File:Dosa Classic.jpg|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱳᱥᱟ]]
File:Prawn Biryani, Hyderabad.jpg|ᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ==

[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Ferro-Luzzi, G. Eichinger. “Food for the Gods in South India: An Exposition of Data.” Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie 103, no. 1 (1978): 86–108.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babb, L. A. (1975). The divine hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in central India. Columbia University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ ===

ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ}} ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱵᱷᱳᱜᱽ}} ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱵᱽ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ|ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Pinkney|2018|loc=Material ''Prasāda'' in Hindu Ritual}}

=== ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱤᱣᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱟᱞᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Engfer |first=L. |date=2004 |title=Desserts around the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8bLtgjnRysC&amp;pg=PA7 |publisher=Lerner Publications |page=12 |isbn=978-0822541653}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=104–106}}

=== ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=6}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ, [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Arnott |first=Margaret L. |title=Gastronomy : the anthropology of food and food habits |date=1975 |publisher=Mouton |location=The Hague |isbn=978-9027977397 |page=319 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8mT_aCfrE0UC |page=315}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor-last=Walker |editor-first=Harlan |title=Food on the move : proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1996 |date=1997 |publisher=Prospect Books |location=Devon, England |isbn=978-0-907325-79-6 |page=291 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uYqTiD7SbcQC}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱷ]] ᱡᱟᱝ,&lt;ref name=&quot;National Academies&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0D4rAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA1 |year=1984|publisher=National Academies |page=6 |isbn=978-0309324458 |id=NAP:14295}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=7}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱣᱲᱟ, ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=63}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160&gt;
File:Ekadashi Lunch.jpg|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ
File:Lakshmi Puja prasad 03.jpg|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ
File:Sabudana Khichdi.jpg|''ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ'', ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

[[File:Chicken Tikka.jpg|thumb|''ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |title=Curry |first=Lizzie |last=Collingham |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]] |date=1 February 2006 |access-date=5 May 2010 |archive-date=24 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424133608/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 May 2008 |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ===

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

[[File:Chicken Manchurian (Hyderabad Style) (11960049916).jpg|thumb|[[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ|ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&amp;pg=PA233 |access-date=21 July 2012 |year=2004|publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;/&gt;

[[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱭᱡᱤᱝ]], [[ᱥᱟᱝᱦᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ]] ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathews2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Mathews|title=Ghetto at the Center of the World: Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks-sZHUFTd4C&amp;pg=PA34|year=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-51020-0|page=34}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ===

[[File:Komala's Restaurant, Serangoon Road, Singapore - 20060827.jpg|thumb|[[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ]]

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;vegvoyages.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani &amp; Mee |publisher=Veg Voyages |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |first=Viviane |last=Then |access-date=12 September 2008 |archive-date=5 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805024246/http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ  श्रेय ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Corum2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Ann Kondo |last=Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&amp;pg=PA174|title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |publisher=Bess Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |page=174}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱩ [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indthai&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |title=Historical Ties India and Thailand |access-date=4 April 2020 | archive-date=28 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128152426/http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ]]'' ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ''[[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=5 Rekomendasi Lontong Kari Enak di Bandung, Cocok Pisan buat Sarapan! |language=Indonesian |url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/ranggana/5-rekomendasi-lontong-kari-enak-di-bandung-c1c2 |newspaper=[[IDN Times]] |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=25 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Indian rojak.JPG|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱨᱳᱡᱟᱠ''
File:Roti Cane Kari Kambing Aceh.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱳᱴᱤ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ
File:Achara.jpg|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟ]]'' ᱟᱪᱟᱨ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ===

[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]],{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=118–125, 140}} [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 |work=nls.uk |access-date=30 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ, [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]], ᱑᱘᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱳᱨᱢᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱞ]]; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Ultimate Guide&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=From balti to bhuna: the ultimate guide to curry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jPY8xvk41DrT93Lw4XPk1w/from-balti-to-bhuna-the-ultimate-guide-to-curry |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=Guardian2001&gt;{{cite news |last=Cook |first=Robin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/19/race.britishidentity |title=Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech |date=19 April 2001 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ|ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |date=5 March 2013 |title=Food:'Where's the Taj Mahal?': Indian restaurants in Dublin since 1908 |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/foodwheres-the-taj-mahal-indian-restaurants-in-dublin-since-1908/ |work=History Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=130 widths=170&gt;
File:Mulligatawny-Soup Mumbai.jpg|[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]]
File:Kedgeree.jpg|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Chicken tikka masala (cropped).jpg|[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱥᱮ ''[[ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ]]'', ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ (ᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱩ, ᱯᱮᱥᱛᱟ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱜᱚᱞᱞᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]'', ''[[ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹᱯᱤ|ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱵᱤ]]'', ''[[ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱯᱮᱰᱟ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=410–411}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Kheer.jpg|[[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]], ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Gulab-jamun-wallpaper-1.jpg|[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

[[ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]], [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ|ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ|ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ, ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱠᱩᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=187–214}}

[[ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ]], ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=value&gt;{{cite web |title=Coffee Board of India |url=http://www.indiacoffee.org/coffee-statistics.html |website=indiacoffee.org |access-date=10 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱞᱟᱥᱥᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BalasubramanianJannu2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Anuja |last1=Balasubramanian |first2=Hetal |last2=Jannu |last3=Patel |first3=Raj R. |title=The Healthy Indian Diet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqal3wlxkBsC&amp;pg=PA170 |year=2011 |publisher=Raj Patel |isbn=978-1-4611-2213-5|page=170}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ, [[ᱩᱞ]], [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownThomas2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Lindsay |last1=Brown |first2=Amelia |last2=Thomas |title=Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz0_zXPb68kC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=978-1-74104-690-8 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ (ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ)|ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ]]'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HerbstHerbst2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Herbst |first1=Sharon Tyler |last2=Herbst |first2=Ron |title=The New Food Lover's Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ksis9IrRp4C |year=2007 |publisher=Barron's snippet |isbn=978-0-7641-3577-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ]], [[ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱ]], ᱵᱮᱞ, ᱩᱞ, [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]], ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

''[[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ, ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱯᱟᱯᱲᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ, ᱯᱳᱥᱛᱳ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Thandai: An ancient cannabis drink for celebrating Holi |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240325-thandai-an-ancient-cannabis-drink-for-celebrating-holi |access-date=11 August 2024 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180&gt;
File:Darjeeling, India, Darjeeling tea in variety, Black tea.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ
File:Filter Kaapi at Sarvana Bhavan Restaurant, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
File:BadamMilk.JPG|ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ
File:Holi Special Chilled Thandai-Kolkata-West Bengal.jpg|ᱦᱳᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ / ᱢᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

==== ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ====

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ}}

[[File:Chhyang or Chhaang - Fermented rice drink! (8902831091).jpg|thumb|upright|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (lager, ᱔.᱘% ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (᱘.᱙%) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=German froth Bitburger to debut in India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/german-froth-bitburger-to-debut-in-india/399365/|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 June 2010|first=Ravi|last=Menon}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Bamforth2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bamforth |first=Charles W. |title=Beer Is Proof God Loves Us: Reaching for the Soul of Beer and Brewing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJjJ1_9mPKoC&amp;pg=PA84 |year=2010 |publisher=FT Press |isbn=978-0-13-706507-3 |page=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ====

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ)|ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ|GI ᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Goan fenny, Assam tea, Lucknow chikan to get GI registry soon|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-21/news/28479975_1_assam-tea-gi-registry-darjeeling-tea|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 September 2008|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=journal&gt;{{cite journal |title=Some interesting indigenous beverages among the tribals of Central India |url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/847/1/IJTK%206(1)%20(2007)%20141-143.pdf |journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge |date=January 2007 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=141–143 |accessdate=8 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ|ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱱᱤᱨᱟ'', ''ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱩ'' ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, [[ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱛᱟᱞᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;All-Asia guide&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=All-Asia guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVAmAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Far Eastern Economic Review|isbn=978-0-8048-1266-5|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalal2001(2)&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Tarla |last=Dalal |title=Achaar Aur Parathe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7I0jOHXt1IC&amp;pg=PA85 |year=2001 |publisher=Sanjay &amp; Co |isbn=978-81-86469-54-5 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''[[ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱞᱟ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''ᱤᱰᱞᱤ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱳᱥᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BruynBain2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=De Bruyn |first1=Pippa |first2=Keith |last2=Bain |first3=David |last3=Allardice |first4=Shonar |last4=Joshi |title=Frommer's India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&amp;pg=PA38 |year=2010 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-60264-5 |page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ''[[ᱠᱩᱞᱪᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱱᱟᱱ]]'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=10 types of samosa enjoyed across the country |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/web-stories/10-types-of-samosa-enjoyed-across-the-country/photostory/119043039.cms |access-date=16 August 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KittlerSucher2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Goyan Kittler |first1=Pamela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R06H7WabJuMC&amp;pg=PA449 |title=Food and Culture |last2=Sucher |first2=Kathryn P. |last3=Nelms |first3=Marcia |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-538-73497-4 |page=449}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |title=Cowed down by the ban |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220175911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |archive-date=20 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ]] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |date=2005 |title=Symbol and Sustenance: Cattle in South Asian Culture |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |journal=Dialectical Anthropology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=61–84 |doi=10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ|ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Natrajan |first=Balmurli |date=2018-07-03 |title=Cultural identity and beef festivals: toward a 'multiculturalism against caste' |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=287–304 |doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ, ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Kuntam |first=Samuel Moses Srinivas |chapter=Dalit Food, Ecology, and Resistance |date=2022 |title=Anthropocene Ecologies of Food |pages=158–179 |editor-last=Estok |editor-first=Simon C. |editor-last2=Deborah |editor-first2=S. Susan |editor-last3=Alex |editor-first3=Rayson K. |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |title=An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0521654227 |pages=173}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ; [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmVzvUzbwegC&amp;pg=PA249|year=1998 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-898723-30-1 |page=249}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sahgal |first1=Neha |display-authors=etal |title=Religion and food |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/06/29/religion-and-food/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=29 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bansal |first1=Samarth |title=More Indians eating beef, buffalo meat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/%E2%80%98More-Indians-eating-beef-buffalo-meat%E2%80%99/article15873366.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱛᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jamir |first=Rongsenzulu |date=30 June 2025 |title='Do You Eat Dog Meat?': Why Asking a Naga This Question Misses the Point |url=https://morungexpress.com/do-you-eat-dog-meat-why-asking-a-naga-this-question-misses-the-point |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Kikon |first=Dolly |author-link=Dolly Kikon |date=2017 |title=From the heart to the plate. Debates about dog meat in Dimapur |url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/heart-plate-debates-about-dog-meat-dimapur |journal=The Newsletter |volume=77 |issue=Summer |pages=38–39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱱᱮᱪᱟᱨ|ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ([[G20|G20 ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2024 Living Planet Report |url=https://wwflpr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/2024-living-planet-report-a-system-in-peril.pdf |access-date=26 August 2026 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==

{{reflist}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian Food: A Historical Companion |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |edition=Paperback |orig-year=1994}}
* [[Pat Chapman (food writer)|Pat Chapman]]. ''India: Food &amp; Cooking'', New Holland, London – {{ISBN|978-1-84537-619-2}} (2007)
* {{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Curry: A tale of cooks and conquerors |date=2007 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/curry00lizz}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Tarla |author-link=Tarla Dalal |title=Faraal Foods for fasting days |year=2010 |publisher=Sanjay and Co |location=Mumbai |isbn=9789380392028 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-C1ZO3BopZUC |page=8}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Pinkney |first=Andrea Marion |entry=Prasāda |encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |year=2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/ENHI/COM-000342.xml |chapter-url-access=subscription |doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_000342}}
* {{cite book |last=Sen |first=Colleen Taylor |author-link=Colleen Taylor Sen |title=Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India |date=2016 |orig-year=2015 |publisher=[[Speaking Tiger Books]] |isbn=978-9385755347 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_vCgAAQBAJ}}
{{refend}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==

* {{Commons and category-inline|Cuisine of India|Cuisine of India}}
* {{Cookbook-inline|Cuisine of India}}

{{Cuisine of India}}
{{Indian bread}}
{{Asian topic|| cuisine}}

{{cuisine}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Cuisine of India}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>mpn1v62gd0har287kiw8vfm7chutusj</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <text bytes="78779" sha1="i6lpsm5xkpigf23e7lssfy9u1kzarr4" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tradtional Thali.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]]

'''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ''' (Indian cuisine) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱤᱪᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Flavors 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pant |first=Gaurav Kumar |url=https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |title=Flavors of the Indian Food |year=2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415214506/https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dias1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Dias |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRx9I2BqSpMC&amp;pg=PA215 |title=The Steward |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0325-0 |page=215}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GestelandGesteland2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gesteland |first1=Richard R. |last2=Gesteland |first2=Mary C. |title=India: Cross-cultural Business Behavior: for Business People, Expatriates and Scholars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXqDRS4IN1IC |year=2010 |publisher=Copenhagen Business School Press |isbn=978-87-630-0222-6 |page=176}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ-ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞ; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ-ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ; [[ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ}}

[[File:Sweets 1.jpg|thumb|upright|᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[Ni'matnāmah Naṣir al-Dīn Shāhī|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ]]'' ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubey2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Dubey |first=Krishna Gopal |title=The Indian Cuisine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |year=2011 |publisher=PHI Learning |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Achaya&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC|year=2003 |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-8173712937}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱹᱭ|ᱠᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/&quot;]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm &quot;Mehrgarh&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18}}. ''Guide to Archaeology''&lt;/ref&gt; ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice &amp; All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html |title=Where Did Curry Come From? |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=January 29, 2013 |magazine=Slate}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱓᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱨ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ-ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱠᱟᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JR14&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ]] (ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JMI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&amp;pg=PA189}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NATC&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱭᱟᱡᱽᱧᱚᱵᱚᱞᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|p=11}} [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ [[History of the Philippines#Indianised|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]]᱾&lt;ref name=influ1&gt;{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&amp;q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ,&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27}}, about.com&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Civitello2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Civitello |first=Linda |title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&amp;pg=PA267 |access-date=4 June 2012 |date=29 March 2011 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-40371-6 |page=267}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ᱾ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱣ|ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|p=194}} [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ (baking) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ]], [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ]], [[ᱠᱩᱦᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gopalakrishnan2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=T. R. Gopalakrishnan|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&amp;pg=PA209|year=2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-41-7|pages=209–}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ]] ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ (curry) ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Mahmood |first=Syed Zain |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]]|date=19 December 2008|volume=7|issue=49|access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]], [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], [[ᱟᱴᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱚᱲᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ, ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston1958&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Bruce F. |last=Johnston |title=The Staple Food Economies of Western Tropical Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyCrAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA14 |year=1958 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-0537-0 |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]],&lt;ref name=&quot;LocricchioMcConnell2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Matthew |last1=Locricchio |first2=Jack |last2=McConnell |title=The Cooking of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijiRROaS3UUC&amp;pg=PA77 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-0-7614-1730-9 |page=77}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Petrina Verma |title=The Cuisine of South India |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-south-india-1957884 |website=The Spruce Eats |access-date=22 November 2025 |date=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ShiHo2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Shi |author2=Chi-Tang Ho |first3=Fereidoon |last3=Shahidi |title=Functional Foods of the East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VENd7fgLIkC&amp;pg=PA64 |year=2010 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-7192-4 |page=64}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱡᱽᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KumarDubey2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Arvind |last1=Kumar |first2=Pushpalata |last2=Dubey |title=Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrZIde3mIlQC&amp;pg=PA28 |year=2006 |publisher=Daya Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7035-419-2 |page=28}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ|ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱤ]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharma&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=J. P. |title=Academic Biology IX |year=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZBLu-IGByQC&amp;pg=PA97 |publisher=Laxmi Publications |isbn=978-81-7008-579-9 |page=97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ|ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱡᱟᱝ, [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ]], [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱦᱤᱝ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]], [[ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ]]᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱲᱚᱱ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱜᱳᱰᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱟ]], ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, [[ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gress2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Priti Chitnis |last=Gress |title=Flavorful India: Treasured Recipes from a Gujarati Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6snLg--pjUC&amp;pg=PA15|year=2008 |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |isbn=978-0-7818-1207-8 |page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanmugam2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Devagi |last=Sanmugam |title=Naturally Speaking: Indian: Recipes and Home Remedies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9HNd3jG1ZsC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-981-232-715-4 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=220 heights=130 caption=&quot;ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Spices in an Indian market.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱠᱚ
File:3 types of lentil.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱮᱦᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ, ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ-ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱨ'', ''ᱪᱷᱚᱣᱠ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱟᱲᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱩ|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱥᱟ, ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱮᱥ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ''ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ'' ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ [[ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ / ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=180 heights=140 caption=&quot;ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Firewood, the substitute of LPG (cropped).jpg|ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
File:Batan (stone) and uña, the traditional utensils, are in use of grinding spices at a Bengali household in West Bengal, India.jpg|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ (ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ) ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==
 
{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=243–272}} ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤ]] ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ &quot;ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}}

=== ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ===

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Street food of Chennai|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]], [[Shahjahanabad|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Street food of Mumbai|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CN Traveller 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Where to find the most fantastic street food in India |url=https://www.cntraveller.com/gallery/best-indian-street-food |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=9 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sarma |first=Ramya |title=In Search of Mumbai Vada Pav |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-mumbai-vada-pav/article3657300.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621004414/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/article3657300.ece |archive-date=21 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Ashwin |title=Where to find the best idlis in Chennai |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/find-best-idlis-chennai/ |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=28 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ&quot;&gt;
File:Idli Sambar.JPG|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Kebabs in Delhi -Alina Tiphagne.jpeg|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]]
File:Aran Vada Pav Mumbai.jpg|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]]
File:Kolkata Rolls.jpg|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ===

[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤ]], ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=245–246}} ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱠᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ray Srinivas 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Krishnendu |last2=Srinivas |first2=Tulasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c7MwDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA121 |title=Curried Cultures: Globalization, Food, and South Asia |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-520-27012-1 |pages=110–124}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱳᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱥ]]) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=205-206, 245–246}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Lucknowi Mutton Matka Dum Biriyani.jpg|[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ'', ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Wazwan trami full.jpg|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ===

[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=254–255}} [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]''᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱟᱪᱟᱭᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}} ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱨᱯᱳᱛᱮᱞ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Undhiyu.jpg|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]
File:Zunka from Maharashtra.JPG|[[ᱡᱷᱩᱱᱠᱟ]]
File:Chhole Upma - Homemade, Jabalpur - Madhya Pradesh - IMG001.jpg|ᱪᱷᱳᱞᱮ ᱩᱯᱢᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ===

[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ]], ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱠᱟᱨᱯ]], ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}} ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=128–133}} [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:ইলিশ মাছ ভাজা ও ভাত.jpg|[[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805345 - Regional Litti Chokha.jpeg|[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ
File:Ever tried a rice cooked in a bamboo?.jpg|ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Prosad thali.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ===

[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=118–127}} ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=259–260}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Bisi Bele Bath (Bisibelebath).JPG|[[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Ondu Plate Idli Vada.jpg|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱴᱴᱮ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ
File:Dosa Classic.jpg|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱳᱥᱟ]]
File:Prawn Biryani, Hyderabad.jpg|ᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ==

[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Ferro-Luzzi, G. Eichinger. “Food for the Gods in South India: An Exposition of Data.” Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie 103, no. 1 (1978): 86–108.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babb, L. A. (1975). The divine hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in central India. Columbia University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ ===

ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ}} ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱵᱷᱳᱜᱽ}} ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱵᱽ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ|ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Pinkney|2018|loc=Material ''Prasāda'' in Hindu Ritual}}

=== ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱤᱣᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱟᱞᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Engfer |first=L. |date=2004 |title=Desserts around the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8bLtgjnRysC&amp;pg=PA7 |publisher=Lerner Publications |page=12 |isbn=978-0822541653}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=104–106}}

=== ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=6}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ, [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Arnott |first=Margaret L. |title=Gastronomy : the anthropology of food and food habits |date=1975 |publisher=Mouton |location=The Hague |isbn=978-9027977397 |page=319 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8mT_aCfrE0UC |page=315}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor-last=Walker |editor-first=Harlan |title=Food on the move : proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1996 |date=1997 |publisher=Prospect Books |location=Devon, England |isbn=978-0-907325-79-6 |page=291 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uYqTiD7SbcQC}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱷ]] ᱡᱟᱝ,&lt;ref name=&quot;National Academies&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0D4rAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA1 |year=1984|publisher=National Academies |page=6 |isbn=978-0309324458 |id=NAP:14295}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=7}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱣᱲᱟ, ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=63}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160&gt;
File:Ekadashi Lunch.jpg|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ
File:Lakshmi Puja prasad 03.jpg|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ
File:Sabudana Khichdi.jpg|''ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ'', ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

[[File:Chicken Tikka.jpg|thumb|''ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |title=Curry |first=Lizzie |last=Collingham |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]] |date=1 February 2006 |access-date=5 May 2010 |archive-date=24 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424133608/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 May 2008 |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ===

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

[[File:Chicken Manchurian (Hyderabad Style) (11960049916).jpg|thumb|[[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ|ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&amp;pg=PA233 |access-date=21 July 2012 |year=2004|publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;/&gt;

[[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱭᱡᱤᱝ]], [[ᱥᱟᱝᱦᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ]] ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathews2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Mathews|title=Ghetto at the Center of the World: Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks-sZHUFTd4C&amp;pg=PA34|year=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-51020-0|page=34}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ===

[[File:Komala's Restaurant, Serangoon Road, Singapore - 20060827.jpg|thumb|[[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ]]

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;vegvoyages.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani &amp; Mee |publisher=Veg Voyages |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |first=Viviane |last=Then |access-date=12 September 2008 |archive-date=5 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805024246/http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ  श्रेय ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Corum2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Ann Kondo |last=Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&amp;pg=PA174|title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |publisher=Bess Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |page=174}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱩ [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indthai&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |title=Historical Ties India and Thailand |access-date=4 April 2020 | archive-date=28 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128152426/http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ]]'' ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ''[[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=5 Rekomendasi Lontong Kari Enak di Bandung, Cocok Pisan buat Sarapan! |language=Indonesian |url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/ranggana/5-rekomendasi-lontong-kari-enak-di-bandung-c1c2 |newspaper=[[IDN Times]] |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=25 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Indian rojak.JPG|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱨᱳᱡᱟᱠ''
File:Roti Cane Kari Kambing Aceh.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱳᱴᱤ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ
File:Achara.jpg|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟ]]'' ᱟᱪᱟᱨ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ===

[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]],{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=118–125, 140}} [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 |work=nls.uk |access-date=30 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ, [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]], ᱑᱘᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱳᱨᱢᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱞ]]; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Ultimate Guide&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=From balti to bhuna: the ultimate guide to curry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jPY8xvk41DrT93Lw4XPk1w/from-balti-to-bhuna-the-ultimate-guide-to-curry |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=Guardian2001&gt;{{cite news |last=Cook |first=Robin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/19/race.britishidentity |title=Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech |date=19 April 2001 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ|ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |date=5 March 2013 |title=Food:'Where's the Taj Mahal?': Indian restaurants in Dublin since 1908 |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/foodwheres-the-taj-mahal-indian-restaurants-in-dublin-since-1908/ |work=History Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=130 widths=170&gt;
File:Mulligatawny-Soup Mumbai.jpg|[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]]
File:Kedgeree.jpg|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Chicken tikka masala (cropped).jpg|[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱥᱮ ''[[ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ]]'', ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ (ᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱩ, ᱯᱮᱥᱛᱟ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱜᱚᱞᱞᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]'', ''[[ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹᱯᱤ|ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱵᱤ]]'', ''[[ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱯᱮᱰᱟ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=410–411}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Kheer.jpg|[[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]], ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Gulab-jamun-wallpaper-1.jpg|[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

[[ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]], [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ|ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ|ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ, ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱠᱩᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=187–214}}

[[ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ]], ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=value&gt;{{cite web |title=Coffee Board of India |url=http://www.indiacoffee.org/coffee-statistics.html |website=indiacoffee.org |access-date=10 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱞᱟᱥᱥᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BalasubramanianJannu2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Anuja |last1=Balasubramanian |first2=Hetal |last2=Jannu |last3=Patel |first3=Raj R. |title=The Healthy Indian Diet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqal3wlxkBsC&amp;pg=PA170 |year=2011 |publisher=Raj Patel |isbn=978-1-4611-2213-5|page=170}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ, [[ᱩᱞ]], [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownThomas2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Lindsay |last1=Brown |first2=Amelia |last2=Thomas |title=Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz0_zXPb68kC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=978-1-74104-690-8 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ (ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ)|ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ]]'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HerbstHerbst2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Herbst |first1=Sharon Tyler |last2=Herbst |first2=Ron |title=The New Food Lover's Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ksis9IrRp4C |year=2007 |publisher=Barron's snippet |isbn=978-0-7641-3577-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ]], [[ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱ]], ᱵᱮᱞ, ᱩᱞ, [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]], ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

''[[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ, ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱯᱟᱯᱲᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ, ᱯᱳᱥᱛᱳ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Thandai: An ancient cannabis drink for celebrating Holi |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240325-thandai-an-ancient-cannabis-drink-for-celebrating-holi |access-date=11 August 2024 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180&gt;
File:Darjeeling, India, Darjeeling tea in variety, Black tea.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ
File:Filter Kaapi at Sarvana Bhavan Restaurant, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
File:BadamMilk.JPG|ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ
File:Holi Special Chilled Thandai-Kolkata-West Bengal.jpg|ᱦᱳᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ / ᱢᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

==== ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ====

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ}}

[[File:Chhyang or Chhaang - Fermented rice drink! (8902831091).jpg|thumb|upright|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (lager, ᱔.᱘% ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (᱘.᱙%) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=German froth Bitburger to debut in India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/german-froth-bitburger-to-debut-in-india/399365/|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 June 2010|first=Ravi|last=Menon}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Bamforth2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bamforth |first=Charles W. |title=Beer Is Proof God Loves Us: Reaching for the Soul of Beer and Brewing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJjJ1_9mPKoC&amp;pg=PA84 |year=2010 |publisher=FT Press |isbn=978-0-13-706507-3 |page=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ====

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ)|ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ|GI ᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Goan fenny, Assam tea, Lucknow chikan to get GI registry soon|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-21/news/28479975_1_assam-tea-gi-registry-darjeeling-tea|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 September 2008|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=journal&gt;{{cite journal |title=Some interesting indigenous beverages among the tribals of Central India |url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/847/1/IJTK%206(1)%20(2007)%20141-143.pdf |journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge |date=January 2007 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=141–143 |accessdate=8 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ|ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱱᱤᱨᱟ'', ''ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱩ'' ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, [[ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱛᱟᱞᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;All-Asia guide&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=All-Asia guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVAmAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Far Eastern Economic Review|isbn=978-0-8048-1266-5|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalal2001(2)&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Tarla |last=Dalal |title=Achaar Aur Parathe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7I0jOHXt1IC&amp;pg=PA85 |year=2001 |publisher=Sanjay &amp; Co |isbn=978-81-86469-54-5 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''[[ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱞᱟ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''ᱤᱰᱞᱤ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱳᱥᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BruynBain2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=De Bruyn |first1=Pippa |first2=Keith |last2=Bain |first3=David |last3=Allardice |first4=Shonar |last4=Joshi |title=Frommer's India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&amp;pg=PA38 |year=2010 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-60264-5 |page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ''[[ᱠᱩᱞᱪᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱱᱟᱱ]]'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=10 types of samosa enjoyed across the country |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/web-stories/10-types-of-samosa-enjoyed-across-the-country/photostory/119043039.cms |access-date=16 August 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KittlerSucher2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Goyan Kittler |first1=Pamela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R06H7WabJuMC&amp;pg=PA449 |title=Food and Culture |last2=Sucher |first2=Kathryn P. |last3=Nelms |first3=Marcia |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-538-73497-4 |page=449}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |title=Cowed down by the ban |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220175911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |archive-date=20 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ]] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |date=2005 |title=Symbol and Sustenance: Cattle in South Asian Culture |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |journal=Dialectical Anthropology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=61–84 |doi=10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ|ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Natrajan |first=Balmurli |date=2018-07-03 |title=Cultural identity and beef festivals: toward a 'multiculturalism against caste' |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=287–304 |doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ, ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Kuntam |first=Samuel Moses Srinivas |chapter=Dalit Food, Ecology, and Resistance |date=2022 |title=Anthropocene Ecologies of Food |pages=158–179 |editor-last=Estok |editor-first=Simon C. |editor-last2=Deborah |editor-first2=S. Susan |editor-last3=Alex |editor-first3=Rayson K. |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |title=An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0521654227 |pages=173}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ; [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmVzvUzbwegC&amp;pg=PA249|year=1998 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-898723-30-1 |page=249}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sahgal |first1=Neha |display-authors=etal |title=Religion and food |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/06/29/religion-and-food/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=29 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bansal |first1=Samarth |title=More Indians eating beef, buffalo meat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/%E2%80%98More-Indians-eating-beef-buffalo-meat%E2%80%99/article15873366.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱛᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jamir |first=Rongsenzulu |date=30 June 2025 |title='Do You Eat Dog Meat?': Why Asking a Naga This Question Misses the Point |url=https://morungexpress.com/do-you-eat-dog-meat-why-asking-a-naga-this-question-misses-the-point |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Kikon |first=Dolly |author-link=Dolly Kikon |date=2017 |title=From the heart to the plate. Debates about dog meat in Dimapur |url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/heart-plate-debates-about-dog-meat-dimapur |journal=The Newsletter |volume=77 |issue=Summer |pages=38–39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱱᱮᱪᱟᱨ|ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ([[G20|G20 ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2024 Living Planet Report |url=https://wwflpr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/2024-living-planet-report-a-system-in-peril.pdf |access-date=26 August 2026 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==

{{reflist}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian Food: A Historical Companion |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |edition=Paperback |orig-year=1994}}
* [[Pat Chapman (food writer)|Pat Chapman]]. ''India: Food &amp; Cooking'', New Holland, London – {{ISBN|978-1-84537-619-2}} (2007)
* {{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Curry: A tale of cooks and conquerors |date=2007 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/curry00lizz}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Tarla |author-link=Tarla Dalal |title=Faraal Foods for fasting days |year=2010 |publisher=Sanjay and Co |location=Mumbai |isbn=9789380392028 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-C1ZO3BopZUC |page=8}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Pinkney |first=Andrea Marion |entry=Prasāda |encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |year=2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/ENHI/COM-000342.xml |chapter-url-access=subscription |doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_000342}}
* {{cite book |last=Sen |first=Colleen Taylor |author-link=Colleen Taylor Sen |title=Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India |date=2016 |orig-year=2015 |publisher=[[Speaking Tiger Books]] |isbn=978-9385755347 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_vCgAAQBAJ}}
{{refend}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==

* {{Commons and category-inline|Cuisine of India|Cuisine of India}}
* {{Cookbook-inline|Cuisine of India}}

{{Cuisine of India}}
{{Indian bread}}
{{Asian topic|| cuisine}}

{{ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Indian Cuisine of India}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="78603" sha1="adcbxi4oyac9cyct6gfgzhiaksrmm30" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tradtional Thali.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]]

'''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ''' (Indian cuisine) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱤᱪᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Flavors 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pant |first=Gaurav Kumar |url=https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |title=Flavors of the Indian Food |year=2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415214506/https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dias1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Dias |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRx9I2BqSpMC&amp;pg=PA215 |title=The Steward |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0325-0 |page=215}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GestelandGesteland2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gesteland |first1=Richard R. |last2=Gesteland |first2=Mary C. |title=India: Cross-cultural Business Behavior: for Business People, Expatriates and Scholars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXqDRS4IN1IC |year=2010 |publisher=Copenhagen Business School Press |isbn=978-87-630-0222-6 |page=176}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ-ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞ; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ-ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ; [[ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ [[ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ}}

[[File:Sweets 1.jpg|thumb|upright|᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[Ni'matnāmah Naṣir al-Dīn Shāhī|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ]]'' ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubey2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Dubey |first=Krishna Gopal |title=The Indian Cuisine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |year=2011 |publisher=PHI Learning |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Achaya&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC|year=2003 |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-8173712937}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱹᱭ|ᱠᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/&quot;]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm &quot;Mehrgarh&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18}}. ''Guide to Archaeology''&lt;/ref&gt; ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice &amp; All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html |title=Where Did Curry Come From? |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=January 29, 2013 |magazine=Slate}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱓᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱨ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ-ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱠᱟᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JR14&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ]] (ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JMI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&amp;pg=PA189}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NATC&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱭᱟᱡᱽᱧᱚᱵᱚᱞᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|p=11}} [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ [[History of the Philippines#Indianised|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]]᱾&lt;ref name=influ1&gt;{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&amp;q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ,&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27}}, about.com&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Civitello2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Civitello |first=Linda |title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&amp;pg=PA267 |access-date=4 June 2012 |date=29 March 2011 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-40371-6 |page=267}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ᱾ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱣ|ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|p=194}} [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ (baking) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ]], [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ]], [[ᱠᱩᱦᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gopalakrishnan2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=T. R. Gopalakrishnan|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&amp;pg=PA209|year=2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-41-7|pages=209–}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ]] ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ (curry) ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Mahmood |first=Syed Zain |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]]|date=19 December 2008|volume=7|issue=49|access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]], [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], [[ᱟᱴᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱚᱲᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ, ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston1958&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Bruce F. |last=Johnston |title=The Staple Food Economies of Western Tropical Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyCrAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA14 |year=1958 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-0537-0 |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]],&lt;ref name=&quot;LocricchioMcConnell2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Matthew |last1=Locricchio |first2=Jack |last2=McConnell |title=The Cooking of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijiRROaS3UUC&amp;pg=PA77 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-0-7614-1730-9 |page=77}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Petrina Verma |title=The Cuisine of South India |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-south-india-1957884 |website=The Spruce Eats |access-date=22 November 2025 |date=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ShiHo2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Shi |author2=Chi-Tang Ho |first3=Fereidoon |last3=Shahidi |title=Functional Foods of the East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VENd7fgLIkC&amp;pg=PA64 |year=2010 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-7192-4 |page=64}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱡᱽᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KumarDubey2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Arvind |last1=Kumar |first2=Pushpalata |last2=Dubey |title=Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrZIde3mIlQC&amp;pg=PA28 |year=2006 |publisher=Daya Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7035-419-2 |page=28}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ|ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱤ]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharma&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=J. P. |title=Academic Biology IX |year=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZBLu-IGByQC&amp;pg=PA97 |publisher=Laxmi Publications |isbn=978-81-7008-579-9 |page=97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ|ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱡᱟᱝ, [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ]], [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱦᱤᱝ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]], [[ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ]]᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱲᱚᱱ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱜᱳᱰᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱟ]], ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, [[ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gress2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Priti Chitnis |last=Gress |title=Flavorful India: Treasured Recipes from a Gujarati Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6snLg--pjUC&amp;pg=PA15|year=2008 |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |isbn=978-0-7818-1207-8 |page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanmugam2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Devagi |last=Sanmugam |title=Naturally Speaking: Indian: Recipes and Home Remedies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9HNd3jG1ZsC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-981-232-715-4 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=220 heights=130 caption=&quot;ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Spices in an Indian market.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱠᱚ
File:3 types of lentil.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱮᱦᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ, ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ-ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱨ'', ''ᱪᱷᱚᱣᱠ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱟᱲᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱩ|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱥᱟ, ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱮᱥ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ''ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ'' ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ [[ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ / ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=180 heights=140 caption=&quot;ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Firewood, the substitute of LPG (cropped).jpg|ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
File:Batan (stone) and uña, the traditional utensils, are in use of grinding spices at a Bengali household in West Bengal, India.jpg|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ (ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ) ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==
 
{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=243–272}} ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤ]] ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ &quot;ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}}

=== ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ===

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Street food of Chennai|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]], [[Shahjahanabad|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Street food of Mumbai|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CN Traveller 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Where to find the most fantastic street food in India |url=https://www.cntraveller.com/gallery/best-indian-street-food |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=9 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sarma |first=Ramya |title=In Search of Mumbai Vada Pav |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-mumbai-vada-pav/article3657300.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621004414/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/article3657300.ece |archive-date=21 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Ashwin |title=Where to find the best idlis in Chennai |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/find-best-idlis-chennai/ |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=28 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ&quot;&gt;
File:Idli Sambar.JPG|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Kebabs in Delhi -Alina Tiphagne.jpeg|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]]
File:Aran Vada Pav Mumbai.jpg|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]]
File:Kolkata Rolls.jpg|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ===

[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤ]], ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=245–246}} ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱠᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ray Srinivas 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Krishnendu |last2=Srinivas |first2=Tulasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c7MwDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA121 |title=Curried Cultures: Globalization, Food, and South Asia |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-520-27012-1 |pages=110–124}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱳᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱥ]]) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=205-206, 245–246}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Lucknowi Mutton Matka Dum Biriyani.jpg|[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ'', ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Wazwan trami full.jpg|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ===

[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=254–255}} [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]''᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱟᱪᱟᱭᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}} ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱨᱯᱳᱛᱮᱞ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Undhiyu.jpg|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]
File:Zunka from Maharashtra.JPG|[[ᱡᱷᱩᱱᱠᱟ]]
File:Chhole Upma - Homemade, Jabalpur - Madhya Pradesh - IMG001.jpg|ᱪᱷᱳᱞᱮ ᱩᱯᱢᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ===

[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ]], ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱠᱟᱨᱯ]], ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}} ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=128–133}} [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:ইলিশ মাছ ভাজা ও ভাত.jpg|[[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805345 - Regional Litti Chokha.jpeg|[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ
File:Ever tried a rice cooked in a bamboo?.jpg|ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Prosad thali.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ===

[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=118–127}} ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=259–260}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Bisi Bele Bath (Bisibelebath).JPG|[[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Ondu Plate Idli Vada.jpg|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱴᱴᱮ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ
File:Dosa Classic.jpg|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱳᱥᱟ]]
File:Prawn Biryani, Hyderabad.jpg|ᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ==

[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Ferro-Luzzi, G. Eichinger. “Food for the Gods in South India: An Exposition of Data.” Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie 103, no. 1 (1978): 86–108.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babb, L. A. (1975). The divine hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in central India. Columbia University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ ===

ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ}} ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱵᱷᱳᱜᱽ}} ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱵᱽ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ|ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Pinkney|2018|loc=Material ''Prasāda'' in Hindu Ritual}}

=== ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱤᱣᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱟᱞᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Engfer |first=L. |date=2004 |title=Desserts around the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8bLtgjnRysC&amp;pg=PA7 |publisher=Lerner Publications |page=12 |isbn=978-0822541653}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=104–106}}

=== ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=6}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ, [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Arnott |first=Margaret L. |title=Gastronomy : the anthropology of food and food habits |date=1975 |publisher=Mouton |location=The Hague |isbn=978-9027977397 |page=319 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8mT_aCfrE0UC |page=315}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor-last=Walker |editor-first=Harlan |title=Food on the move : proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1996 |date=1997 |publisher=Prospect Books |location=Devon, England |isbn=978-0-907325-79-6 |page=291 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uYqTiD7SbcQC}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱷ]] ᱡᱟᱝ,&lt;ref name=&quot;National Academies&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0D4rAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA1 |year=1984|publisher=National Academies |page=6 |isbn=978-0309324458 |id=NAP:14295}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=7}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱣᱲᱟ, ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=63}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160&gt;
File:Ekadashi Lunch.jpg|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ
File:Lakshmi Puja prasad 03.jpg|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ
File:Sabudana Khichdi.jpg|''ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ'', ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

[[File:Chicken Tikka.jpg|thumb|''ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |title=Curry |first=Lizzie |last=Collingham |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]] |date=1 February 2006 |access-date=5 May 2010 |archive-date=24 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424133608/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 May 2008 |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ===

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

[[File:Chicken Manchurian (Hyderabad Style) (11960049916).jpg|thumb|[[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ|ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&amp;pg=PA233 |access-date=21 July 2012 |year=2004|publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;/&gt;

[[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱭᱡᱤᱝ]], [[ᱥᱟᱝᱦᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ]] ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathews2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Mathews|title=Ghetto at the Center of the World: Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks-sZHUFTd4C&amp;pg=PA34|year=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-51020-0|page=34}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ===

[[File:Komala's Restaurant, Serangoon Road, Singapore - 20060827.jpg|thumb|[[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ]]

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;vegvoyages.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani &amp; Mee |publisher=Veg Voyages |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |first=Viviane |last=Then |access-date=12 September 2008 |archive-date=5 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805024246/http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ  श्रेय ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Corum2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Ann Kondo |last=Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&amp;pg=PA174|title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |publisher=Bess Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |page=174}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱩ [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indthai&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |title=Historical Ties India and Thailand |access-date=4 April 2020 | archive-date=28 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128152426/http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ]]'' ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ''[[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=5 Rekomendasi Lontong Kari Enak di Bandung, Cocok Pisan buat Sarapan! |language=Indonesian |url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/ranggana/5-rekomendasi-lontong-kari-enak-di-bandung-c1c2 |newspaper=[[IDN Times]] |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=25 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Indian rojak.JPG|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱨᱳᱡᱟᱠ''
File:Roti Cane Kari Kambing Aceh.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱳᱴᱤ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ
File:Achara.jpg|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟ]]'' ᱟᱪᱟᱨ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ===

[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]],{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=118–125, 140}} [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 |work=nls.uk |access-date=30 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ, [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]], ᱑᱘᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱳᱨᱢᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱞ]]; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Ultimate Guide&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=From balti to bhuna: the ultimate guide to curry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jPY8xvk41DrT93Lw4XPk1w/from-balti-to-bhuna-the-ultimate-guide-to-curry |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=Guardian2001&gt;{{cite news |last=Cook |first=Robin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/19/race.britishidentity |title=Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech |date=19 April 2001 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ|ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |date=5 March 2013 |title=Food:'Where's the Taj Mahal?': Indian restaurants in Dublin since 1908 |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/foodwheres-the-taj-mahal-indian-restaurants-in-dublin-since-1908/ |work=History Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=130 widths=170&gt;
File:Mulligatawny-Soup Mumbai.jpg|[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]]
File:Kedgeree.jpg|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Chicken tikka masala (cropped).jpg|[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱥᱮ ''[[ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ]]'', ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ (ᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱩ, ᱯᱮᱥᱛᱟ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱜᱚᱞᱞᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]'', ''[[ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹᱯᱤ|ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱵᱤ]]'', ''[[ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱯᱮᱰᱟ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=410–411}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Kheer.jpg|[[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]], ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Gulab-jamun-wallpaper-1.jpg|[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

[[ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]], [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ|ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ|ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ, ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱠᱩᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=187–214}}

[[ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ]], ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=value&gt;{{cite web |title=Coffee Board of India |url=http://www.indiacoffee.org/coffee-statistics.html |website=indiacoffee.org |access-date=10 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱞᱟᱥᱥᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BalasubramanianJannu2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Anuja |last1=Balasubramanian |first2=Hetal |last2=Jannu |last3=Patel |first3=Raj R. |title=The Healthy Indian Diet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqal3wlxkBsC&amp;pg=PA170 |year=2011 |publisher=Raj Patel |isbn=978-1-4611-2213-5|page=170}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ, [[ᱩᱞ]], [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownThomas2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Lindsay |last1=Brown |first2=Amelia |last2=Thomas |title=Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz0_zXPb68kC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=978-1-74104-690-8 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ (ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ)|ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ]]'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HerbstHerbst2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Herbst |first1=Sharon Tyler |last2=Herbst |first2=Ron |title=The New Food Lover's Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ksis9IrRp4C |year=2007 |publisher=Barron's snippet |isbn=978-0-7641-3577-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ]], [[ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱ]], ᱵᱮᱞ, ᱩᱞ, [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]], ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

''[[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ, ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱯᱟᱯᱲᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ, ᱯᱳᱥᱛᱳ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Thandai: An ancient cannabis drink for celebrating Holi |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240325-thandai-an-ancient-cannabis-drink-for-celebrating-holi |access-date=11 August 2024 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180&gt;
File:Darjeeling, India, Darjeeling tea in variety, Black tea.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ
File:Filter Kaapi at Sarvana Bhavan Restaurant, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
File:BadamMilk.JPG|ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ
File:Holi Special Chilled Thandai-Kolkata-West Bengal.jpg|ᱦᱳᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ / ᱢᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

==== ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ====

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ}}

[[File:Chhyang or Chhaang - Fermented rice drink! (8902831091).jpg|thumb|upright|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (lager, ᱔.᱘% ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (᱘.᱙%) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=German froth Bitburger to debut in India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/german-froth-bitburger-to-debut-in-india/399365/|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 June 2010|first=Ravi|last=Menon}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Bamforth2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bamforth |first=Charles W. |title=Beer Is Proof God Loves Us: Reaching for the Soul of Beer and Brewing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJjJ1_9mPKoC&amp;pg=PA84 |year=2010 |publisher=FT Press |isbn=978-0-13-706507-3 |page=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ====

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ)|ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ|GI ᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Goan fenny, Assam tea, Lucknow chikan to get GI registry soon|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-21/news/28479975_1_assam-tea-gi-registry-darjeeling-tea|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 September 2008|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=journal&gt;{{cite journal |title=Some interesting indigenous beverages among the tribals of Central India |url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/847/1/IJTK%206(1)%20(2007)%20141-143.pdf |journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge |date=January 2007 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=141–143 |accessdate=8 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ|ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱱᱤᱨᱟ'', ''ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱩ'' ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, [[ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱛᱟᱞᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;All-Asia guide&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=All-Asia guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVAmAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Far Eastern Economic Review|isbn=978-0-8048-1266-5|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalal2001(2)&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Tarla |last=Dalal |title=Achaar Aur Parathe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7I0jOHXt1IC&amp;pg=PA85 |year=2001 |publisher=Sanjay &amp; Co |isbn=978-81-86469-54-5 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''[[ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱞᱟ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''ᱤᱰᱞᱤ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱳᱥᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BruynBain2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=De Bruyn |first1=Pippa |first2=Keith |last2=Bain |first3=David |last3=Allardice |first4=Shonar |last4=Joshi |title=Frommer's India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&amp;pg=PA38 |year=2010 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-60264-5 |page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ''[[ᱠᱩᱞᱪᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱱᱟᱱ]]'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=10 types of samosa enjoyed across the country |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/web-stories/10-types-of-samosa-enjoyed-across-the-country/photostory/119043039.cms |access-date=16 August 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KittlerSucher2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Goyan Kittler |first1=Pamela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R06H7WabJuMC&amp;pg=PA449 |title=Food and Culture |last2=Sucher |first2=Kathryn P. |last3=Nelms |first3=Marcia |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-538-73497-4 |page=449}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |title=Cowed down by the ban |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220175911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |archive-date=20 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ]] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |date=2005 |title=Symbol and Sustenance: Cattle in South Asian Culture |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |journal=Dialectical Anthropology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=61–84 |doi=10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ|ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Natrajan |first=Balmurli |date=2018-07-03 |title=Cultural identity and beef festivals: toward a 'multiculturalism against caste' |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=287–304 |doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ, ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Kuntam |first=Samuel Moses Srinivas |chapter=Dalit Food, Ecology, and Resistance |date=2022 |title=Anthropocene Ecologies of Food |pages=158–179 |editor-last=Estok |editor-first=Simon C. |editor-last2=Deborah |editor-first2=S. Susan |editor-last3=Alex |editor-first3=Rayson K. |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |title=An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0521654227 |pages=173}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ; [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmVzvUzbwegC&amp;pg=PA249|year=1998 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-898723-30-1 |page=249}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sahgal |first1=Neha |display-authors=etal |title=Religion and food |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/06/29/religion-and-food/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=29 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bansal |first1=Samarth |title=More Indians eating beef, buffalo meat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/%E2%80%98More-Indians-eating-beef-buffalo-meat%E2%80%99/article15873366.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱛᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jamir |first=Rongsenzulu |date=30 June 2025 |title='Do You Eat Dog Meat?': Why Asking a Naga This Question Misses the Point |url=https://morungexpress.com/do-you-eat-dog-meat-why-asking-a-naga-this-question-misses-the-point |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Kikon |first=Dolly |author-link=Dolly Kikon |date=2017 |title=From the heart to the plate. Debates about dog meat in Dimapur |url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/heart-plate-debates-about-dog-meat-dimapur |journal=The Newsletter |volume=77 |issue=Summer |pages=38–39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱱᱮᱪᱟᱨ|ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ([[G20|G20 ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2024 Living Planet Report |url=https://wwflpr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/2024-living-planet-report-a-system-in-peril.pdf |access-date=26 August 2026 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==

{{reflist}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian Food: A Historical Companion |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |edition=Paperback |orig-year=1994}}
* [[Pat Chapman (food writer)|Pat Chapman]]. ''India: Food &amp; Cooking'', New Holland, London – {{ISBN|978-1-84537-619-2}} (2007)
* {{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Curry: A tale of cooks and conquerors |date=2007 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/curry00lizz}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Tarla |author-link=Tarla Dalal |title=Faraal Foods for fasting days |year=2010 |publisher=Sanjay and Co |location=Mumbai |isbn=9789380392028 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-C1ZO3BopZUC |page=8}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Pinkney |first=Andrea Marion |entry=Prasāda |encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |year=2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/ENHI/COM-000342.xml |chapter-url-access=subscription |doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_000342}}
* {{cite book |last=Sen |first=Colleen Taylor |author-link=Colleen Taylor Sen |title=Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India |date=2016 |orig-year=2015 |publisher=[[Speaking Tiger Books]] |isbn=978-9385755347 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_vCgAAQBAJ}}
{{refend}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ}}

{{Authority control}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>adcbxi4oyac9cyct6gfgzhiaksrmm30</sha1>
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    <revision>
      <id>199185</id>
      <parentid>199176</parentid>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="78617" sha1="sqjbu40hf8jlz4frs9ii8owfahrg9ww" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tradtional Thali.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]]

'''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ''' (Indian cuisine) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱤᱪᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Flavors 2024&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Pant |first=Gaurav Kumar |url=https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |title=Flavors of the Indian Food |year=2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415214506/https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2026}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dias1996&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Dias |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRx9I2BqSpMC&amp;pg=PA215 |title=The Steward |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0325-0 |page=215}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;GestelandGesteland2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Gesteland |first1=Richard R. |last2=Gesteland |first2=Mary C. |title=India: Cross-cultural Business Behavior: for Business People, Expatriates and Scholars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXqDRS4IN1IC |year=2010 |publisher=Copenhagen Business School Press |isbn=978-87-630-0222-6 |page=176}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ-ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞ; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ-ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ; ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ}}

[[File:Sweets 1.jpg|thumb|upright|᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[Ni'matnāmah Naṣir al-Dīn Shāhī|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ]]'' ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubey2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Dubey |first=Krishna Gopal |title=The Indian Cuisine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |year=2011 |publisher=PHI Learning |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Achaya&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC|year=2003 |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-8173712937}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱹᱭ|ᱠᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/&quot;]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm &quot;Mehrgarh&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18}}. ''Guide to Archaeology''&lt;/ref&gt; ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice &amp; All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html |title=Where Did Curry Come From? |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=January 29, 2013 |magazine=Slate}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱓᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱨ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ-ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱠᱟᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JR14&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ]] (ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JMI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&amp;pg=PA189}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NATC&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱭᱟᱡᱽᱧᱚᱵᱚᱞᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|p=11}} [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ [[History of the Philippines#Indianised|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]]᱾&lt;ref name=influ1&gt;{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&amp;q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ,&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27}}, about.com&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Civitello2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Civitello |first=Linda |title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&amp;pg=PA267 |access-date=4 June 2012 |date=29 March 2011 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-40371-6 |page=267}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ᱾ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱣ|ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|p=194}} [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ (baking) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ]], [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ]], [[ᱠᱩᱦᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gopalakrishnan2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=T. R. Gopalakrishnan|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&amp;pg=PA209|year=2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-41-7|pages=209–}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ]] ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ (curry) ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Mahmood |first=Syed Zain |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]]|date=19 December 2008|volume=7|issue=49|access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

=== ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]], [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], [[ᱟᱴᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱚᱲᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ, ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Johnston1958&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Bruce F. |last=Johnston |title=The Staple Food Economies of Western Tropical Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyCrAAAAIAAJ&amp;pg=PA14 |year=1958 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-0537-0 |page=14}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]],&lt;ref name=&quot;LocricchioMcConnell2004&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Matthew |last1=Locricchio |first2=Jack |last2=McConnell |title=The Cooking of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijiRROaS3UUC&amp;pg=PA77 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-0-7614-1730-9 |page=77}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sarkar 2020&quot;&gt;{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Petrina Verma |title=The Cuisine of South India |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-south-india-1957884 |website=The Spruce Eats |access-date=22 November 2025 |date=8 May 2020}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;ShiHo2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Shi |author2=Chi-Tang Ho |first3=Fereidoon |last3=Shahidi |title=Functional Foods of the East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VENd7fgLIkC&amp;pg=PA64 |year=2010 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-7192-4 |page=64}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱡᱽᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KumarDubey2006&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Arvind |last1=Kumar |first2=Pushpalata |last2=Dubey |title=Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrZIde3mIlQC&amp;pg=PA28 |year=2006 |publisher=Daya Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7035-419-2 |page=28}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ|ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱤ]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sharma&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=J. P. |title=Academic Biology IX |year=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZBLu-IGByQC&amp;pg=PA97 |publisher=Laxmi Publications |isbn=978-81-7008-579-9 |page=97}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ|ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱡᱟᱝ, [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ]], [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱦᱤᱝ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]], [[ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ]]᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱲᱚᱱ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱜᱳᱰᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱟ]], ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, [[ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Gress2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Priti Chitnis |last=Gress |title=Flavorful India: Treasured Recipes from a Gujarati Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6snLg--pjUC&amp;pg=PA15|year=2008 |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |isbn=978-0-7818-1207-8 |page=15}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Sanmugam2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Devagi |last=Sanmugam |title=Naturally Speaking: Indian: Recipes and Home Remedies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9HNd3jG1ZsC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-981-232-715-4 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=220 heights=130 caption=&quot;ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Spices in an Indian market.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱠᱚ
File:3 types of lentil.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱮᱦᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ, ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ-ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱨ'', ''ᱪᱷᱚᱣᱠ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱟᱲᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱩ|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱥᱟ, ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱮᱥ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ''ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ'' ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ [[ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ / ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=180 heights=140 caption=&quot;ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ&quot;&gt;
File:Firewood, the substitute of LPG (cropped).jpg|ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
File:Batan (stone) and uña, the traditional utensils, are in use of grinding spices at a Bengali household in West Bengal, India.jpg|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ (ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ) ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==
 
{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=243–272}} ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤ]] ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ &quot;ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ&quot; ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}}

=== ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ===

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Street food of Chennai|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]], [[Shahjahanabad|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Street food of Mumbai|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;CN Traveller 2017&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Where to find the most fantastic street food in India |url=https://www.cntraveller.com/gallery/best-indian-street-food |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=9 August 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Sarma |first=Ramya |title=In Search of Mumbai Vada Pav |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-mumbai-vada-pav/article3657300.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621004414/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/article3657300.ece |archive-date=21 June 2013}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Ashwin |title=Where to find the best idlis in Chennai |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/find-best-idlis-chennai/ |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=28 August 2018}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ&quot;&gt;
File:Idli Sambar.JPG|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Kebabs in Delhi -Alina Tiphagne.jpeg|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]]
File:Aran Vada Pav Mumbai.jpg|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]]
File:Kolkata Rolls.jpg|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ===

[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤ]], ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=245–246}} ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱠᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Ray Srinivas 2012&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Krishnendu |last2=Srinivas |first2=Tulasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c7MwDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA121 |title=Curried Cultures: Globalization, Food, and South Asia |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-520-27012-1 |pages=110–124}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱳᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱥ]]) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=205-206, 245–246}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Lucknowi Mutton Matka Dum Biriyani.jpg|[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ'', ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Wazwan trami full.jpg|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ===

[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=254–255}} [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]''᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱟᱪᱟᱭᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}} ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱨᱯᱳᱛᱮᱞ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Undhiyu.jpg|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]
File:Zunka from Maharashtra.JPG|[[ᱡᱷᱩᱱᱠᱟ]]
File:Chhole Upma - Homemade, Jabalpur - Madhya Pradesh - IMG001.jpg|ᱪᱷᱳᱞᱮ ᱩᱯᱢᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ===

[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ]], ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱠᱟᱨᱯ]], ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}} ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=128–133}} [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:ইলিশ মাছ ভাজা ও ভাত.jpg|[[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805345 - Regional Litti Chokha.jpeg|[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ
File:Ever tried a rice cooked in a bamboo?.jpg|ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Prosad thali.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ===

[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=118–127}} ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=259–260}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160 caption=&quot;[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ&quot;&gt;
File:Bisi Bele Bath (Bisibelebath).JPG|[[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Ondu Plate Idli Vada.jpg|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱴᱴᱮ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ
File:Dosa Classic.jpg|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱳᱥᱟ]]
File:Prawn Biryani, Hyderabad.jpg|ᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ==

[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;Ferro-Luzzi, G. Eichinger. “Food for the Gods in South India: An Exposition of Data.” Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie 103, no. 1 (1978): 86–108.&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Babb, L. A. (1975). The divine hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in central India. Columbia University Press.&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ ===

ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ}} ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱵᱷᱳᱜᱽ}} ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱵᱽ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ|ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Pinkney|2018|loc=Material ''Prasāda'' in Hindu Ritual}}

=== ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ===

ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱤᱣᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱟᱞᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Engfer |first=L. |date=2004 |title=Desserts around the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8bLtgjnRysC&amp;pg=PA7 |publisher=Lerner Publications |page=12 |isbn=978-0822541653}}&lt;/ref&gt;{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=104–106}}

=== ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ===

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=6}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ, [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ]]'',&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last=Arnott |first=Margaret L. |title=Gastronomy : the anthropology of food and food habits |date=1975 |publisher=Mouton |location=The Hague |isbn=978-9027977397 |page=319 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8mT_aCfrE0UC |page=315}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |editor-last=Walker |editor-first=Harlan |title=Food on the move : proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1996 |date=1997 |publisher=Prospect Books |location=Devon, England |isbn=978-0-907325-79-6 |page=291 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uYqTiD7SbcQC}} }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱷ]] ᱡᱟᱝ,&lt;ref name=&quot;National Academies&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0D4rAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA1 |year=1984|publisher=National Academies |page=6 |isbn=978-0309324458 |id=NAP:14295}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=7}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱣᱲᱟ, ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=63}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=&quot;nolines&quot; widths=160 heights=160&gt;
File:Ekadashi Lunch.jpg|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ
File:Lakshmi Puja prasad 03.jpg|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ
File:Sabudana Khichdi.jpg|''ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ'', ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

[[File:Chicken Tikka.jpg|thumb|''ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |title=Curry |first=Lizzie |last=Collingham |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]] |date=1 February 2006 |access-date=5 May 2010 |archive-date=24 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424133608/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 May 2008 |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ===

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}

[[File:Chicken Manchurian (Hyderabad Style) (11960049916).jpg|thumb|[[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ|ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&amp;pg=PA233 |access-date=21 July 2012 |year=2004|publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;/&gt;

[[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱭᱡᱤᱝ]], [[ᱥᱟᱝᱦᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ]] ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Mathews2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Mathews|title=Ghetto at the Center of the World: Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks-sZHUFTd4C&amp;pg=PA34|year=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-51020-0|page=34}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ===

[[File:Komala's Restaurant, Serangoon Road, Singapore - 20060827.jpg|thumb|[[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ]]

ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;vegvoyages.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani &amp; Mee |publisher=Veg Voyages |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |first=Viviane |last=Then |access-date=12 September 2008 |archive-date=5 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805024246/http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ  श्रेय ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Corum2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Ann Kondo |last=Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&amp;pg=PA174|title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |publisher=Bess Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |page=174}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱩ [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indthai&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |title=Historical Ties India and Thailand |access-date=4 April 2020 | archive-date=28 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128152426/http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ]]'' ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ''[[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=5 Rekomendasi Lontong Kari Enak di Bandung, Cocok Pisan buat Sarapan! |language=Indonesian |url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/ranggana/5-rekomendasi-lontong-kari-enak-di-bandung-c1c2 |newspaper=[[IDN Times]] |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=25 April 2023}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Indian rojak.JPG|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱨᱳᱡᱟᱠ''
File:Roti Cane Kari Kambing Aceh.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱳᱴᱤ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ
File:Achara.jpg|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟ]]'' ᱟᱪᱟᱨ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ===

[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]],{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=118–125, 140}} [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 |work=nls.uk |access-date=30 September 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ, [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]], ᱑᱘᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |work=[[BBC News]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱳᱨᱢᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱞ]]; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC Ultimate Guide&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=From balti to bhuna: the ultimate guide to curry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jPY8xvk41DrT93Lw4XPk1w/from-balti-to-bhuna-the-ultimate-guide-to-curry |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=Guardian2001&gt;{{cite news |last=Cook |first=Robin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/19/race.britishidentity |title=Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech |date=19 April 2001 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ|ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |date=5 March 2013 |title=Food:'Where's the Taj Mahal?': Indian restaurants in Dublin since 1908 |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/foodwheres-the-taj-mahal-indian-restaurants-in-dublin-since-1908/ |work=History Ireland}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=130 widths=170&gt;
File:Mulligatawny-Soup Mumbai.jpg|[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]]
File:Kedgeree.jpg|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ
File:Chicken tikka masala (cropped).jpg|[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ}}

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱥᱮ ''[[ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ]]'', ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ (ᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱩ, ᱯᱮᱥᱛᱟ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱜᱚᱞᱞᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]'', ''[[ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹᱯᱤ|ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱵᱤ]]'', ''[[ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱯᱮᱰᱟ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=410–411}}

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160&gt;
File:Kheer.jpg|[[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]], ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
File:Gulab-jamun-wallpaper-1.jpg|[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==

{{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}}

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

[[ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]], [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ|ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ|ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ, ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱠᱩᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=187–214}}

[[ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ]], ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=value&gt;{{cite web |title=Coffee Board of India |url=http://www.indiacoffee.org/coffee-statistics.html |website=indiacoffee.org |access-date=10 February 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱞᱟᱥᱥᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BalasubramanianJannu2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Anuja |last1=Balasubramanian |first2=Hetal |last2=Jannu |last3=Patel |first3=Raj R. |title=The Healthy Indian Diet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqal3wlxkBsC&amp;pg=PA170 |year=2011 |publisher=Raj Patel |isbn=978-1-4611-2213-5|page=170}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ, [[ᱩᱞ]], [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BrownThomas2008&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first1=Lindsay |last1=Brown |first2=Amelia |last2=Thomas |title=Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz0_zXPb68kC&amp;pg=PA69 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=978-1-74104-690-8 |page=69}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ (ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ)|ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ]]'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

''[[ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;HerbstHerbst2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Herbst |first1=Sharon Tyler |last2=Herbst |first2=Ron |title=The New Food Lover's Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ksis9IrRp4C |year=2007 |publisher=Barron's snippet |isbn=978-0-7641-3577-4}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ]], [[ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱ]], ᱵᱮᱞ, ᱩᱞ, [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]], ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

''[[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ, ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱯᱟᱯᱲᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ, ᱯᱳᱥᱛᱳ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=Thandai: An ancient cannabis drink for celebrating Holi |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240325-thandai-an-ancient-cannabis-drink-for-celebrating-holi |access-date=11 August 2024 |work=BBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180&gt;
File:Darjeeling, India, Darjeeling tea in variety, Black tea.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ
File:Filter Kaapi at Sarvana Bhavan Restaurant, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ
File:BadamMilk.JPG|ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ
File:Holi Special Chilled Thandai-Kolkata-West Bengal.jpg|ᱦᱳᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ / ᱢᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ===

==== ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ====

{{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ}}

[[File:Chhyang or Chhaang - Fermented rice drink! (8902831091).jpg|thumb|upright|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'']]

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (lager, ᱔.᱘% ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (᱘.᱙%) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=German froth Bitburger to debut in India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/german-froth-bitburger-to-debut-in-india/399365/|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 June 2010|first=Ravi|last=Menon}}&lt;/ref&gt; ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Bamforth2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Bamforth |first=Charles W. |title=Beer Is Proof God Loves Us: Reaching for the Soul of Beer and Brewing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJjJ1_9mPKoC&amp;pg=PA84 |year=2010 |publisher=FT Press |isbn=978-0-13-706507-3 |page=84}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ====

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ)|ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ|GI ᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Goan fenny, Assam tea, Lucknow chikan to get GI registry soon|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-21/news/28479975_1_assam-tea-gi-registry-darjeeling-tea|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 September 2008|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

''[[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=journal&gt;{{cite journal |title=Some interesting indigenous beverages among the tribals of Central India |url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/847/1/IJTK%206(1)%20(2007)%20141-143.pdf |journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge |date=January 2007 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=141–143 |accessdate=8 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ|ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱱᱤᱨᱟ'', ''ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱩ'' ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, [[ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱛᱟᱞᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;All-Asia guide&quot;&gt;{{cite book|title=All-Asia guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVAmAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Far Eastern Economic Review|isbn=978-0-8048-1266-5|page=162}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dalal2001(2)&quot;&gt;{{cite book |first=Tarla |last=Dalal |title=Achaar Aur Parathe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7I0jOHXt1IC&amp;pg=PA85 |year=2001 |publisher=Sanjay &amp; Co |isbn=978-81-86469-54-5 |page=85}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''[[ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱞᱟ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''ᱤᱰᱞᱤ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱳᱥᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BruynBain2010&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=De Bruyn |first1=Pippa |first2=Keith |last2=Bain |first3=David |last3=Allardice |first4=Shonar |last4=Joshi |title=Frommer's India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&amp;pg=PA38 |year=2010 |publisher=[[John Wiley &amp; Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-60264-5 |page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ''[[ᱠᱩᱞᱪᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱱᱟᱱ]]'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Kapoor 2002&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&amp;pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |title=10 types of samosa enjoyed across the country |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/web-stories/10-types-of-samosa-enjoyed-across-the-country/photostory/119043039.cms |access-date=16 August 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 March 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KittlerSucher2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Goyan Kittler |first1=Pamela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R06H7WabJuMC&amp;pg=PA449 |title=Food and Culture |last2=Sucher |first2=Kathryn P. |last3=Nelms |first3=Marcia |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-538-73497-4 |page=449}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;/&gt; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Cowed down&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |title=Cowed down by the ban |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220175911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |archive-date=20 February 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ]] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |date=2005 |title=Symbol and Sustenance: Cattle in South Asian Culture |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |journal=Dialectical Anthropology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=61–84 |doi=10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ|ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Natrajan |first=Balmurli |date=2018-07-03 |title=Cultural identity and beef festivals: toward a 'multiculturalism against caste' |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=287–304 |doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |url-access=subscription}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ, ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Citation |last=Kuntam |first=Samuel Moses Srinivas |chapter=Dalit Food, Ecology, and Resistance |date=2022 |title=Anthropocene Ecologies of Food |pages=158–179 |editor-last=Estok |editor-first=Simon C. |editor-last2=Deborah |editor-first2=S. Susan |editor-last3=Alex |editor-first3=Rayson K. |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Williams 2001&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |title=An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0521654227 |pages=173}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ; [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Shah1998&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmVzvUzbwegC&amp;pg=PA249|year=1998 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-898723-30-1 |page=249}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ,&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last1=Sahgal |first1=Neha |display-authors=etal |title=Religion and food |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/06/29/religion-and-food/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=29 June 2021}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last1=Bansal |first1=Samarth |title=More Indians eating beef, buffalo meat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/%E2%80%98More-Indians-eating-beef-buffalo-meat%E2%80%99/article15873366.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 October 2016}}&lt;/ref&gt;
[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱛᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Jamir |first=Rongsenzulu |date=30 June 2025 |title='Do You Eat Dog Meat?': Why Asking a Naga This Question Misses the Point |url=https://morungexpress.com/do-you-eat-dog-meat-why-asking-a-naga-this-question-misses-the-point |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Kikon |first=Dolly |author-link=Dolly Kikon |date=2017 |title=From the heart to the plate. Debates about dog meat in Dimapur |url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/heart-plate-debates-about-dog-meat-dimapur |journal=The Newsletter |volume=77 |issue=Summer |pages=38–39}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱱᱮᱪᱟᱨ|ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ([[G20|G20 ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=2024 Living Planet Report |url=https://wwflpr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/2024-living-planet-report-a-system-in-peril.pdf |access-date=26 August 2026 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==

{{reflist}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==

{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian Food: A Historical Companion |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |edition=Paperback |orig-year=1994}}
* [[Pat Chapman (food writer)|Pat Chapman]]. ''India: Food &amp; Cooking'', New Holland, London – {{ISBN|978-1-84537-619-2}} (2007)
* {{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Curry: A tale of cooks and conquerors |date=2007 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/curry00lizz}}
* {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Tarla |author-link=Tarla Dalal |title=Faraal Foods for fasting days |year=2010 |publisher=Sanjay and Co |location=Mumbai |isbn=9789380392028 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-C1ZO3BopZUC |page=8}}}}
* {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Pinkney |first=Andrea Marion |entry=Prasāda |encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |year=2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/ENHI/COM-000342.xml |chapter-url-access=subscription |doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_000342}}
* {{cite book |last=Sen |first=Colleen Taylor |author-link=Colleen Taylor Sen |title=Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India |date=2016 |orig-year=2015 |publisher=[[Speaking Tiger Books]] |isbn=978-9385755347 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_vCgAAQBAJ}}
{{refend}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
{{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ}}

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[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
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: [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
: [[ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ]]
: [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ]]
: [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱵᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ]]
: [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱤ (ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ)]]
: [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ]]

| group2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| list2  = 
: [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
: [[ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ]]
: [[ᱫᱤᱵᱷᱮᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱭᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]
: [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
: [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]]
: [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]
: [[ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ]]
: [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ]]
: [[ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ]]
: ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ
: [[ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ]]
: [[ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ]]

| group3 = ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ/ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| list3  = 
: [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ]]
: [[ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱦᱤ]]
: [[ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ]]
: [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
: [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
: [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ]]
: [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢᱤᱡᱽ]]
: [[ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]
: [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ]]

| group4 = ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| list4  = 
: [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱳᱣᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ]]
: [[ᱠᱳᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱳᱞᱤ]]
: [[ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ]] 

| group5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list5  = 
: [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ (ᱥᱟᱛᱛᱣᱤᱠ)]]
: [[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ|ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
: [[ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]]
: [[ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽ]]
}}

| group2 = ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ / ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
| list2  =
{{excerpt|Template:Indian cuisine|Ingredients, types of food|hat=no}}

| group3 = ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
| list3  =
* [[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱣᱟ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]
* [[ᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤ]]

| group4 = ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list4  =
{{excerpt|Template:Indian cuisine|Related cuisines|hat=no}}

| below =
* {{Icon|Category}} [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱚᱠ]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱠᱚ]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>f6mr0dlmf7ph2ur0n1z9o1a7g7f014g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199183</id>
      <parentid>199177</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:29:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>199183</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6244" sha1="r4qizqjv8kaebucata8ij86kxrw1zxu" xml:space="preserve">{{Navbox
| name      = Cuisine of India
| title     = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
| bodyclass = hlist

| above =
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
* [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ]]

| group1 = ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list1  = {{Navbox|subgroup
| group1 = ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| list1  = 
: [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
: [[ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱣᱟᱫᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱽᱨᱚᱡᱽ]]
: [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ]]
: [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱵᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱩᱢᱟᱣᱱᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ]]
: [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱨᱣᱟᱲᱤ (ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ)]]
: [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ]]

| group2 = ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| list2  = 
: [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
: [[ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱪᱮᱴᱴᱤᱱᱟᱰ]]
: [[ᱫᱤᱵᱷᱮᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱠᱷᱭᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]
: [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]]
: [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]]
: [[ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ]]
: [[ᱟᱱᱫᱷᱨᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ]]
: [[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱤ]]
: [[ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ]]
: ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ
: [[ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱛᱷᱳᱞᱤᱠ]]
: [[ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱨᱚᱥᱣᱚᱛ]]

| group3 = ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ/ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| list3  = 
: [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱭᱛᱷᱤᱞ]]
: [[ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱦᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱚᱜᱚᱦᱤ]]
: [[ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱝᱜᱤᱠᱟ]]
: [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]]
: [[ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]]
: [[ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱤ]]
: [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢᱤᱥ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢᱤᱡᱽ]]
: [[ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱚᱨᱩᱬᱟᱪᱚᱞᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱮᱜᱷᱟᱞᱚᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱨᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱬᱤᱯᱩᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱱᱟᱜᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱟᱜᱟ]]
: [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ]]

| group4 = ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ
| list4  = 
: [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱳᱣᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱳᱝᱠᱚᱬᱤ]]
: [[ᱠᱳᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱳᱞᱤ]]
: [[ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱜᱽᱨᱤ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱵᱷᱟᱱᱤ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤ]]
: [[ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱥᱛᱩᱱ]] 

| group5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list5  = 
: [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ (ᱥᱟᱛᱛᱣᱤᱠ)]]
: [[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ|ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
: [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]]
: [[ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱳᱨᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ]]
: [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]]
: [[ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱱᱤᱡᱽ]]
}}

| group2 = ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ / ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ
| list2  =
{{excerpt|ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|Ingredients, types of food|hat=no}}

| group3 = ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ
| list3  =
* [[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]
* [[ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱣᱟ]]
* [[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]
* [[ᱩᱨᱩᱞᱤ]]

| group4 = ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ
| list4  =
{{excerpt|ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|Related cuisines|hat=no}}

| below =
* {{Icon|Category}} [[:ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱚᱠ]]

}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱠᱚ]]
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>r4qizqjv8kaebucata8ij86kxrw1zxu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Excerpt</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>38278</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199178</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:23:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Excerpt|main | 1 = {{{article|{{{page|{{{1}}}}}}}}} | 2 = {{{section|{{{fragment|{{{2|}}}}}}}}} }}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199178</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="175" sha1="i0godpcyj2i0s4wm83my8ehm3bnfv5n" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Excerpt|main
| 1 = {{{article|{{{page|{{{1}}}}}}}}}
| 2 = {{{section|{{{fragment|{{{2|}}}}}}}}}
}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>i0godpcyj2i0s4wm83my8ehm3bnfv5n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Excerpt</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38279</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199179</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:23:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;-- Module:Excerpt implements the Excerpt template -- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Excerpt -- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382 &amp; others -- License: CC-BY-SA-3.0  local parser = require( 'Module:WikitextParser' ) local yesno = require( 'Module:Yesno' )  local ok, config = pcall( require, 'Module:Excerpt/config' ) if not ok then config = {} end  local Excerpt = {}  --...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199179</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="25888" sha1="ti7siuqx917e9fizdf8nk9scneu1psk" xml:space="preserve">-- Module:Excerpt implements the Excerpt template
-- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:Excerpt
-- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382 &amp; others
-- License: CC-BY-SA-3.0

local parser = require( 'Module:WikitextParser' )
local yesno = require( 'Module:Yesno' )

local ok, config = pcall( require, 'Module:Excerpt/config' )
if not ok then config = {} end

local Excerpt = {}

-- Main entry point for templates
function Excerpt.main( frame )

	-- Make sure the requested page exists and get the wikitext
	local page = Excerpt.getArg( 1 )
	if not page or page == '{{{1}}}' then return Excerpt.getError( 'no-page' ) end
	local title = mw.title.new( page )
	if not title then return Excerpt.getError( 'invalid-title', page ) end
	local fragment = title.fragment -- save for later
	if title.isRedirect then
		title = title.redirectTarget
		if fragment == &quot;&quot; then
			fragment = title.fragment -- page merge potential	
		end
	end
	if not title.exists then return Excerpt.getError( 'page-not-found', page ) end
	page = title.prefixedText
	local wikitext = title:getContent()

	-- Get the template params and process them
	local params = {
		hat = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'hat', true ) ),
		this = Excerpt.getArg( 'this' ),
		only = Excerpt.getArg( 'only' ),
		files = Excerpt.getArg( 'files', Excerpt.getArg( 'file' ) ),
		lists = Excerpt.getArg( 'lists', Excerpt.getArg( 'list' ) ),
		tables = Excerpt.getArg( 'tables', Excerpt.getArg( 'table' ) ),
		templates = Excerpt.getArg( 'templates', Excerpt.getArg( 'template' ) ),
		galleries = Excerpt.getArg( 'galleries', Excerpt.getArg( 'gallery' ) ),
		paragraphs = Excerpt.getArg( 'paragraphs', Excerpt.getArg( 'paragraph' ) ),
		references = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'references', true ) ),
		subsections = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'subsections', false ) ),
		links = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'links', true ) ),
		bold = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'bold', false ) ),
		briefDates = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'briefdates', false ) ),
		inline = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'inline' ) ),
		quote = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'quote' ) ),
		more = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'more' ) ),
		class = Excerpt.getArg( 'class' ),
		track = yesno( Excerpt.getArg( 'track', true ) ),
		displayTitle = Excerpt.getArg( 'displaytitle', page ),
	}

	-- Make sure the requested section exists and get the excerpt
	local excerpt
	local section = Excerpt.getArg( 2, fragment )
	section = mw.text.trim( section )
	if section == '' then section = nil end
	if section then
		excerpt = parser.getSectionTag( wikitext, section )
		if not excerpt then
			if params.subsections then
				excerpt = parser.getSection( wikitext, section )
			else
				local sections = parser.getSections( wikitext )
				excerpt = sections[ section ]
			end
		end
		if not excerpt then return Excerpt.getError( 'section-not-found', section ) end
		if excerpt == '' then return Excerpt.getError( 'section-empty', section ) end
	else
		excerpt = parser.getLead( wikitext )
		if excerpt == '' then return Excerpt.getError( 'lead-empty' ) end
	end

	-- Remove noinclude bits
	excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '&lt;[Nn][Oo][Ii][Nn][Cc][Ll][Uu][Dd][Ee]&gt;.-&lt;/[Nn][Oo][Ii][Nn][Cc][Ll][Uu][Dd][Ee]&gt;', '' )

	-- Filter various elements from the excerpt
	excerpt = Excerpt.filterFiles( excerpt, params.files )
	excerpt = Excerpt.filterLists( excerpt, params.lists )
	excerpt = Excerpt.filterTables( excerpt, params.tables )
	excerpt = Excerpt.filterGalleries( excerpt, params.galleries )
	excerpt = Excerpt.filterParagraphs( excerpt, params.paragraphs )

	-- If no file is found, try to get one from the infobox
	if ( params.only == 'file' or params.only == 'files' or params.only == 'filename' or not params.only and ( not params.files or params.files ~= '0' ) ) -- caller asked for files
		and not section -- and we're in the lead section
		and config.captions -- and we have the config option required to try finding files in infoboxes
		and #parser.getFiles( excerpt ) == 0 -- and there're no files in the excerpt
	then
		excerpt = Excerpt.addInfoboxFile( excerpt )
	end

	-- Filter the templates by appending the templates blacklist to the templates filter
	if config.blacklist then
		local blacklist = table.concat( config.blacklist, ',' )
		if params.templates then
			if string.sub( params.templates, 1, 1 ) == '-' then
				params.templates = params.templates .. ',' .. blacklist
			end
		else
			params.templates = '-' .. blacklist
		end
	end
	excerpt = Excerpt.filterTemplates( excerpt, params.templates )

	-- Leave only the requested elements
	if params.only == 'file' or params.only == 'files' then
		local files = parser.getFiles( excerpt )
		excerpt = params.only == 'file' and files[1] or table.concat( files, '\n\n' )
	end
	if params.only == 'list' or params.only == 'lists' then
		local lists = parser.getLists( excerpt )
		excerpt = params.only == 'list' and lists[1] or table.concat( lists, '\n\n' )
	end
	if params.only == 'table' or params.only == 'tables' then
		local tables = parser.getTables( excerpt )
		excerpt = params.only == 'table' and tables[1] or table.concat( tables, '\n\n' )
	end
	if params.only == 'gallery' or params.only == 'galleries' then
		local galleries = parser.getGalleries( excerpt )
		excerpt = params.only == 'gallery' and galleries[1] or table.concat( galleries, '\n\n' )
	end
	if params.only == 'paragraph' or params.only == 'paragraphs' then
		local paragraphs = parser.getParagraphs( excerpt )
		excerpt = params.only == 'paragraph' and paragraphs[1] or table.concat( paragraphs, '\n\n' )
	end
	if params.only == 'template' or params.only == 'templates' then
		local templates = parser.getTemplates( excerpt )
		excerpt = params.only == 'template' and templates[1] or table.concat( templates, '\n\n' )
	end
	if params.only == 'filename' then
		local files = parser.getFiles( excerpt )
		local file = files[1]
		excerpt = file and parser.getFileName( file ) or 'Noimage.png'
		params.inline = true
	end

	-- @todo Make more robust and move downwards
	if params.briefDates then
		excerpt = Excerpt.fixDates( excerpt )
	end

	-- Remove unwanted elements
	excerpt = Excerpt.removeComments( excerpt )
	excerpt = Excerpt.removeSelfLinks( excerpt )
	excerpt = Excerpt.removeNonFreeFiles( excerpt )
	excerpt = Excerpt.removeBehaviorSwitches( excerpt )

	-- Fix or remove the references
	if params.references then
		excerpt = Excerpt.fixReferences( excerpt, page, wikitext )
	else
		excerpt = Excerpt.removeReferences( excerpt )
	end

	-- Remove wikilinks
	if not params.links then
		excerpt = Excerpt.removeLinks( excerpt )
	end

	-- Link the bold text near the start of most leads and then remove it
	if not section then
		excerpt = Excerpt.linkBold( excerpt, page )
	end
	if not params.bold then
		excerpt = Excerpt.removeBold( excerpt )
	end

	-- Remove extra line breaks but leave one before and after so the parser interprets lists, tables, etc. correctly
	excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '\n\n\n+', '\n\n' )
	excerpt = mw.text.trim( excerpt )
	excerpt = '\n' .. excerpt .. '\n'

	-- Remove nested categories
	excerpt = frame:preprocess( excerpt )
	excerpt = Excerpt.removeCategories( excerpt )

	-- Add tracking categories
	if params.track and config.categories then
		excerpt = Excerpt.addTrackingCategories( excerpt )
	end

	-- Build the final output
	if params.inline then
		return mw.text.trim( excerpt )
	end

	local tag = params.quote and 'blockquote' or 'div'
	local block = mw.html.create( tag ):addClass( 'excerpt-block' ):addClass( params.class )

	if config.styles then
		local styles = frame:extensionTag( 'templatestyles', '', { src = config.styles } )
		block:node( styles )
	end

	if params.hat then
		local hat = Excerpt.getHat( page, section, params )
		block:node( hat )
	end

	excerpt = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'excerpt' ):wikitext( excerpt )
	block:node( excerpt )

	if params.more then
		local more = Excerpt.getReadMore( page, section )
		block:node( more )
	end

	return block
end

-- Filter the files in the given wikitext against the given filter
function Excerpt.filterFiles( wikitext, filter )
	if not filter then return wikitext end
	local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter )
	local files = parser.getFiles( wikitext )
	for index, file in pairs( files ) do
		local name = parser.getFileName( file )
		if isBlacklist and ( Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) )
		or not isBlacklist and ( not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) and not Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) ) then 
			wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, file )
		end
	end
	return wikitext
end

-- Filter the lists in the given wikitext against the given filter
function Excerpt.filterLists( wikitext, filter )
	if not filter then return wikitext end
	local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter )
	local lists = parser.getLists( wikitext )
	for index, list in pairs( lists ) do
		if isBlacklist and Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters )
		or not isBlacklist and not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) then 
			wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, list )
		end
	end
	return wikitext
end

-- Filter the tables in the given wikitext against the given filter
function Excerpt.filterTables( wikitext, filter )
	if not filter then return wikitext end
	local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter )
	local tables = parser.getTables( wikitext )
	for index, tableWikitext in pairs( tables ) do
		local id = parser.getTableAttribute( tableWikitext, 'id' )
		if isBlacklist and ( Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or Excerpt.matchFilter( id, filters ) )
		or not isBlacklist and ( not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) and not Excerpt.matchFilter( id, filters ) ) then 
			wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, tableWikitext )
		end
	end
	return wikitext
end

-- Filter the galleries in the given wikitext against the given filter
function Excerpt.filterGalleries( wikitext, filter )
	if not filter then return wikitext end
	local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter )
	local galleries = parser.getGalleries( wikitext )
	for index, gallery in pairs( galleries ) do
		if isBlacklist and Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters )
		or not isBlacklist and not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) then 
			wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, gallery )
		end
	end
	return wikitext
end

-- Filter the paragraphs in the given wikitext against the given filter
function Excerpt.filterParagraphs( wikitext, filter )
	if not filter then return wikitext end
	local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter )
	local paragraphs = parser.getParagraphs( wikitext )
	for index, paragraph in pairs( paragraphs ) do
		if isBlacklist and Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters )
		or not isBlacklist and not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) then 
			wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, paragraph )
		end
	end
	return wikitext
end

-- Filter the templates in the given wikitext against the given filter
function Excerpt.filterTemplates( wikitext, filter )
	if not filter then return wikitext end
	local filters, isBlacklist = Excerpt.parseFilter( filter )
	local templates = parser.getTemplates( wikitext )
	for index, template in pairs( templates ) do
		local name = parser.getTemplateName( template )
		if isBlacklist and ( Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) or Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) )
		or not isBlacklist and ( not Excerpt.matchFilter( index, filters ) and not Excerpt.matchFilter( name, filters ) ) then 
			wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, template )
		end
	end
	return wikitext
end

function Excerpt.addInfoboxFile( excerpt )
	-- We cannot distinguish the infobox from the other templates, so we search them all
	local templates = parser.getTemplates( excerpt )
	for _, template in pairs( templates ) do
		local parameters = parser.getTemplateParameters( template )
		local file, captions, caption, cssClasses, cssClass
		for _, pair in pairs( config.captions ) do
			file = pair[1]
			file = parameters[file]
			if file and Excerpt.matchAny( file, '^.*%.', { '[Jj][Pp][Ee]?[Gg]', '[Pp][Nn][Gg]', '[Gg][Ii][Ff]', '[Ss][Vv][Gg]' }, '.*' ) then
				file = string.match( file, '%[?%[?.-:([^{|]+)%]?%]?' ) or file -- [[File:Example.jpg{{!}}upright=1.5]] to Example.jpg
				captions = pair[2]
				for _, p in pairs( captions ) do
					if parameters[ p ] then caption = parameters[ p ] break end
				end
				-- Check for CSS classes
				-- We opt to use skin-invert-image instead of skin-invert
				-- in all other cases, the CSS provided in the infobox is used
				if pair[3] then
					cssClasses = pair[3]
					for _, p in pairs( cssClasses ) do
						if parameters[ p ] then
							cssClass = ( parameters[ p ] == 'skin-invert' ) and 'skin-invert-image' or parameters[ p ]
							break
						end
					end
				end
				local class = cssClass and ( '|class=' .. cssClass ) or ''
				return '[[File:' .. file .. class .. '|thumb|' .. ( caption or '' ) .. ']]\n' .. excerpt
			end
		end
	end
	return excerpt
end

function Excerpt.removeNonFreeFiles( wikitext )
	local files = parser.getFiles( wikitext )
	for _, file in pairs( files ) do
		local fileName = 'File:' .. parser.getFileName( file )
		local fileTitle = mw.title.new( fileName )
		if fileTitle then
			local fileDescription = fileTitle:getContent()
			if not fileDescription or fileDescription == '' then
				local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
				fileDescription = frame:preprocess( '{{' .. fileName .. '}}' ) -- try Commons
			end
			if fileDescription and string.match( fileDescription, '[Nn]on%-free' ) then
				wikitext = Excerpt.removeString( wikitext, file )
			end
		end
	end
	return wikitext
end

function Excerpt.getHat( page, section, params )
	local hat

	-- Build the text
	if params.this then
		hat = params.this
	elseif params.quote then
		hat = Excerpt.getMessage( 'this' )
	elseif params.only then
		hat = Excerpt.getMessage( params.only )
	else
		hat = Excerpt.getMessage( 'section' )
	end
	hat = hat .. ' ' .. Excerpt.getMessage( 'excerpt' )

	-- Build the link
	if section then
		hat = hat .. ' [[:' .. page .. '#' .. mw.uri.anchorEncode( section ) .. '|' .. params.displayTitle
			.. ' § ' .. section:gsub( '%[%[([^]|]+)|?[^]]*%]%]', '%1' ) .. ']].' -- remove nested links
	else
		hat = hat .. ' [[:' .. page .. '|' .. params.displayTitle .. ']].'
	end

	-- Build the edit link
	local title = mw.title.new( page )
	local editUrl = title:fullUrl( 'action=edit' )
	hat = hat .. '&lt;span class=&quot;mw-editsection-like plainlinks&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-editsection-bracket&quot;&gt;[&lt;/span&gt;['
	hat = hat .. editUrl .. ' ' .. mw.message.new( 'editsection' ):plain()
	hat = hat .. ']&lt;span class=&quot;mw-editsection-bracket&quot;&gt;]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;'

	if config.hat then
		local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
		hat = config.hat .. hat .. '}}'
		hat = frame:preprocess( hat )
	else
		hat = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'dablink excerpt-hat' ):wikitext( hat )
	end

	return hat
end

function Excerpt.getReadMore( page, section )
	local link = &quot;'''[[&quot; .. page
	if section then
		link = link .. '#' .. section
	end
	local text = Excerpt.getMessage( 'more' )
	link = link .. '|' .. text .. &quot;]]'''&quot;
	link = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'noprint excerpt-more' ):wikitext( link )
	return link
end

-- Fix birth and death dates, but only in the first paragraph
-- @todo Use parser.getParagraphs() to get the first paragraph
function Excerpt.fixDates( excerpt )
	local start
	local s
	local e = 0
	repeat
		start = e + 1
		s, e = mw.ustring.find( excerpt, '%s*%b{}%s*', start )
	until not s or s &gt; start
	s, e = mw.ustring.find( excerpt, '%b()', start ) -- get (...), which may be (year–year)
	if s and s &lt; start + 100 then -- look only near the start
		local excerptStart = mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, s, e )
		local year1, conjunction, year2 = string.match( excerptStart, '(%d%d%d+)(.-)(%d%d%d+)' )
		if year1 and year2 and ( string.match( conjunction, '[%-–—]' ) or string.match( conjunction, '{{%s*[sS]nd%s*}}' ) ) then
			local y1 = tonumber( year1 )
			local y2 = tonumber( year2 )
			if y2 &gt; y1 and y2 &lt; y1 + 125 and y1 &lt;= tonumber( os.date( '%Y' ) ) then
				excerpt = mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, 1, s ) .. year1 .. '–' .. year2 .. mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, e )
			end
		end
	end
	return excerpt
end

-- Replace the first call to each reference defined outside of the excerpt for the full reference, to prevent undefined references
-- Then prefix the page title to the reference names to prevent conflicts
-- that is, replace &lt;ref name=&quot;Foo&quot;&gt; for &lt;ref name=&quot;Title of the article Foo&quot;&gt;
-- and also &lt;ref name=&quot;Foo&quot; /&gt; for &lt;ref name=&quot;Title of the article Foo&quot; /&gt;
-- also remove reference groups: &lt;ref name=&quot;Foo&quot; group=&quot;Bar&quot;&gt; for &lt;ref name=&quot;Title of the article Foo&quot;&gt;
-- and &lt;ref group=&quot;Bar&quot;&gt; for &lt;ref&gt;
-- @todo The current regex may fail in cases with both kinds of quotes, like &lt;ref name=&quot;Darwin's book&quot;&gt;
function Excerpt.fixReferences( excerpt, page, wikitext )
	local references = parser.getReferences( excerpt )
	local fixed = {}
	for _, reference in pairs( references ) do
		local name = parser.getTagAttribute( reference, 'name' )
		if not fixed[ name ] then -- fix each reference only once
			local content = parser.getTagContent( reference )
			if not content then -- reference is self-closing
				local full = parser.getReference( excerpt, name )
				if not full then -- the reference is not defined in the excerpt
					full = parser.getReference( wikitext, name )
					if full then
						excerpt = excerpt:gsub( Excerpt.escapeString( reference ), Excerpt.escapeString( full ), 1 )
					end
					table.insert( fixed, name )
				end
			end
		end
	end
	-- Prepend the page title to the reference names to prevent conflicts with other references in the transcluding page
	excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '&lt; *[Rr][Ee][Ff][^&gt;]*name *= *[&quot;\']?([^&quot;\'&gt;/]+)[&quot;\']?[^&gt;/]*(/?) *&gt;', '&lt;ref name=&quot;' .. page:gsub( '&quot;', '' ) .. ' %1&quot;%2&gt;' )
	-- Remove reference groups because they don't apply to the transcluding page
	excerpt = excerpt:gsub( '&lt; *[Rr][Ee][Ff] *group *= *[&quot;\']?[^&quot;\'&gt;/]+[&quot;\'] *&gt;', '&lt;ref&gt;' )
	return excerpt
end

function Excerpt.removeReferences( excerpt )
	local references = parser.getReferences( excerpt )
	for _, reference in pairs( references ) do
		excerpt = Excerpt.removeString( excerpt, reference )
	end
	return excerpt
end

function Excerpt.removeCategories( excerpt )
	local categories = parser.getCategories( excerpt )
	for _, category in pairs( categories ) do
		excerpt = Excerpt.removeString( excerpt, category )
	end
	return excerpt
end

function Excerpt.removeBehaviorSwitches( excerpt )
	return excerpt:gsub( '__[A-Z]+__', '' )
end

function Excerpt.removeComments( excerpt )
	return excerpt:gsub( '&lt;!%-%-.-%-%-&gt;', '' )
end

function Excerpt.removeBold( excerpt )
	return excerpt:gsub( &quot;'''&quot;, '' )
end

function Excerpt.removeLinks( excerpt )
	local links = parser.getLinks( excerpt )
	for _, link in pairs( links ) do
		excerpt = Excerpt.removeString( excerpt, link )
	end
	return excerpt
end

-- @todo Use parser.getLinks
function Excerpt.removeSelfLinks( excerpt )
	local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	local page = Excerpt.escapeString( mw.title.getCurrentTitle().prefixedText )
	local ucpage = lang:ucfirst( page )
	local lcpage = lang:lcfirst( page )
	excerpt = excerpt
		:gsub( '%[%[(' .. ucpage .. ')%]%]', '%1' )
		:gsub( '%[%[(' .. lcpage .. ')%]%]', '%1' )
		:gsub( '%[%[' .. ucpage .. '|([^]]+)%]%]', '%1' )
		:gsub( '%[%[' .. lcpage .. '|([^]]+)%]%]', '%1' )
	return excerpt
end

-- Replace the bold title or synonym near the start of the page by a link to the page
function Excerpt.linkBold( excerpt, page )
	local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	local position = mw.ustring.find( excerpt, &quot;'''&quot; .. lang:ucfirst( page ) .. &quot;'''&quot;, 1, true ) -- look for &quot;'''Foo''' is...&quot; (uc) or &quot;A '''foo''' is...&quot; (lc)
		or mw.ustring.find( excerpt, &quot;'''&quot; .. lang:lcfirst( page ) .. &quot;'''&quot;, 1, true ) -- plain search: special characters in page represent themselves
	if position then
		local length = mw.ustring.len( page )
		excerpt = mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, 1, position + 2 ) .. '[[' .. mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, position + 3, position + length + 2 ) .. ']]' .. mw.ustring.sub( excerpt, position + length + 3, -1 ) -- link it
	else -- look for anything unlinked in bold, assumed to be a synonym of the title (e.g. a person's birth name)
		excerpt = mw.ustring.gsub( excerpt, &quot;'''(.-'*)'''&quot;, function ( text )
			if not string.find( text, '%[' ) and not string.find( text, '%{' ) then -- if not wikilinked or some weird template
				return &quot;'''[[&quot; .. page .. '|' .. text .. &quot;]]'''&quot; -- replace '''Foo''' by '''[[page|Foo]]'''
			else
				return nil -- instruct gsub to make no change
			end
		end, 1 ) -- terminates the anonymous replacement function passed to gsub
	end
	return excerpt
end

function Excerpt.addTrackingCategories( excerpt )
	local currentTitle = mw.title.getCurrentTitle()
	local addedCategories = false
	local contentCategory = config.categories.content
	if contentCategory and currentTitle.isContentPage then
		addedCategories = true
		excerpt = excerpt .. '[[Category:' .. contentCategory .. ']]'
	end
	local namespaceCategory = config.categories[ currentTitle.namespace ]
	if namespaceCategory then
		addedCategories = true
		excerpt = excerpt .. '[[Category:' .. namespaceCategory .. ']]'
	end
	if addedCategories then
		excerpt = excerpt .. '\n'
	end
	return excerpt
end

-- Helper method to match from a list of regular expressions
-- Like so: match pre..list[1]..post or pre..list[2]..post or ...
function Excerpt.matchAny( text, pre, list, post, init )
	for i = 1, #list do
		local match = { mw.ustring.match( text, pre .. list[ i ] .. post, init ) }
		if match[1] then return unpack( match ) end
	end
	return nil
end

-- Helper function to get arguments
-- args from Lua calls have priority over parent args from template
function Excerpt.getArg( key, default )
	local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame()
	for k, value in pairs( frame:getParent().args ) do
		if k == key and mw.text.trim( value ) ~= '' then
			return value
		end
	end
	for k, value in pairs( frame.args ) do
		if k == key and mw.text.trim( value ) ~= '' then
			return value
		end
	end
	return default
end

-- Helper method to get an error message
-- This method also categorizes the current page in one of the configured error categories
function Excerpt.getError( key, value )
	local message = Excerpt.getMessage( 'error-' .. key, value )
	local markup = mw.html.create( 'div' ):addClass( 'error' ):wikitext( message )
	if config.categories and config.categories.errors and mw.title.getCurrentTitle().isContentPage then
		markup:node( '[[Category:' .. config.categories.errors .. ']]' )
	end
	return markup
end

-- Helper method to get a localized message
-- This method uses Module:TNT to get localized messages from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:I18n/Module:Excerpt.tab
-- If Module:TNT is not available or the localized message does not exist, the key is returned instead
function Excerpt.getMessage( key, value )
	local ok2, TNT = pcall( require, 'Module:TNT' )
	if not ok2 then return key end
	local ok3, message = pcall( TNT.format, 'I18n/Module:Excerpt.tab', key, value )
	if not ok3 then return key end
	return message
end

-- Helper method to escape a string for use in regexes
function Excerpt.escapeString( str )
	return str:gsub( '[%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%%]', '%%%0' )
end

-- Helper method to remove a string from a text
-- @param text Text from where to remove the string
-- @param str String to remove
-- @return The given text with the string removed
function Excerpt.removeString( text, str )
	local pattern = Excerpt.escapeString( str )
	if #pattern &gt; 9999 then -- strings longer than 10000 bytes can't be put into regexes
		pattern = Excerpt.escapeString( mw.ustring.sub( str, 1, 999 ) ) .. '.-' .. Excerpt.escapeString( mw.ustring.sub( str, -999 ) )
	end
	return text:gsub( pattern, '' )
end

-- Helper method to convert a comma-separated list of numbers or min-max ranges into a list of booleans
-- @param filter Required. Comma-separated list of numbers or min-max ranges, for example '1,3-5'
-- @return Map from integers to booleans, for example {1=true,2=false,3=true,4=true,5=true}
-- @return Boolean indicating whether the filters should be treated as a blacklist or not
-- @note Merging this into matchFilter is possible, but way too inefficient
function Excerpt.parseFilter( filter )
	local filters = {}
	local isBlacklist = false
	if string.sub( filter, 1, 1 ) == '-' then
		isBlacklist = true
		filter = string.sub( filter, 2 )
	end
	local values = mw.text.split( filter, ',' ) -- split values: '1,3-5' to {'1','3-5'}
	for _, value in pairs( values ) do
		value = mw.text.trim( value )
		local min, max = mw.ustring.match( value, '^(%d+)%s*[-–—]%s*(%d+)$' ) -- '3-5' to min=3 max=5
		if not max then min, max = string.match( value, '^((%d+))$' ) end -- '1' to min=1 max=1
		if max then
			for i = min, max do filters[ i ] = true end
		else
			filters[ value ] = true -- if we reach this point, the string had the form 'a,b,c' rather than '1,2,3'
		end
	end
	filter = { cache = {}, terms = filters }
	return filter, isBlacklist
end

-- Helper function to see if a value matches any of the given filters
function Excerpt.matchFilter( value, filter )
	if value == nil then
		return false
	elseif type(value) == &quot;number&quot; then
		return filter.terms[value]
	else
		local cached = filter.cache[value]
		if cached ~= nil then
			return cached
		end
		local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
		local lcvalue = lang:lcfirst(value)
		local ucvalue = lang:ucfirst(value)
		for term in pairs( filter.terms ) do
			if value == tostring(term)
			or type(term) == &quot;string&quot; and (
				lcvalue == term
				or ucvalue == term
				or mw.ustring.match( value, term )
			) then
				filter.cache[value] = true
				return true
			end
		end
		filter.cache[value] = false
	end
end

return Excerpt</text>
      <sha1>ti7siuqx917e9fizdf8nk9scneu1psk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:WikitextParser</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38280</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199180</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:25:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;-- Module:WikitextParser is a general-purpose wikitext parser -- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:WikitextParser -- License: GPL-3.0 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html) -- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382, et al.  local str_find, str_sub, str_match = string.find, string.sub, string.match local str_gsub, str_gmatch, str_rep = string.gsub, string.gmatch, string.r...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199180</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="17572" sha1="3r3fpf7d7jt2ttpx3ny4bt85muaz5lj" xml:space="preserve">-- Module:WikitextParser is a general-purpose wikitext parser
-- Documentation and master version: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Module:WikitextParser
-- License: GPL-3.0 (https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html)
-- Authors: User:Sophivorus, User:Certes, User:Aidan9382, et al.

local str_find, str_sub, str_match = string.find, string.sub, string.match
local str_gsub, str_gmatch, str_rep = string.gsub, string.gmatch, string.rep
local str_lower = string.lower
local table_insert, table_concat = table.insert, table.concat

-- Private helper method to escape a string for use in regexes
local function escapeString( str )
	return str_gsub( str, '[%^%$%(%)%.%[%]%*%+%-%?%%]', '%%%0' )
end

-- Fast gsplit (a la mw.text.gsplit) for fixed ASCII separators
local function str_gsplit( str, sep )
	if sep == '' or str_find( sep, '[\128-\255]' ) then
		error( 'Separator must be ASCII and cannot be empty' )
	end
	local i, str1 = 1, str .. sep
	return function()
		local s, e = str_find( str1, sep, i, true )
		if not s then
			return s
		end
		local t = i
		i = e + 1
		return str_sub( str1, t, s - 1 )
	end
end

-- Fast dedicated two-way split (a la mw.text.split) for fixed ASCII separators
local function str_split2( str, sep )
	if sep == '' or str_find( sep, '[\128-\255]' ) then
		error( 'Separator must be ASCII and cannot be empty' )
	end
	local s, e = str_find( str, sep, 1, true )
	if not s then
		return str
	end
	return str_sub( str, 1, s - 1 ), str_sub( str, e + 1 )
end

-- Fast whitespace trim (a la mw.text.trim)
local function str_trim( str )
	return str_match( str, '^%s*(.-)%s*$' )
end

local parser = {}

-- Get the lead section from the given wikitext
-- The lead section is any content before the first section title.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Wikitext of the lead section. May be empty if the lead section is empty.
function parser.getLead( wikitext )
	wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '\n==.*', '' )
	wikitext = str_trim( wikitext )
	return wikitext
end

-- Get the sections from the given wikitext
-- This method doesn't get the lead section, use getLead for that
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Map from section title to section content
function parser.getSections( wikitext )
	local sections = {}
	wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n=='
	for title in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n==+ *([^=]-) *==+' ) do
		local section = str_match( wikitext, '\n==+ *' .. escapeString( title ) .. ' *==+(.-)\n==' )
		section = str_trim( section )
		sections[ title ] = section
	end
	return sections
end

-- Get a section from the given wikitext (including any subsections)
-- If the given section title appears more than once, only the section of the first instance will be returned
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @param title Required. Title of the section
-- @return Wikitext of the section, or nil if it isn't found. May be empty if the section is empty or contains only subsections.
function parser.getSection( wikitext, title )
	title = str_trim( title )
	title = escapeString( title )
	wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n'
	local level
	level, wikitext = str_match( wikitext, '\n(==+) *' .. title .. ' *==.-\n(.*)' )
	if wikitext then
		local nextSection = '\n==' .. str_rep( '=?', #level - 2 ) .. '[^=].*'
		wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, nextSection, '' ) -- remove later sections at this level or higher
		wikitext = str_trim( wikitext )
		return wikitext
	end
end

-- Get the content of a &lt;section&gt; tag from the given wikitext.
-- We can't use getTags because unlike all other tags, both opening and closing &lt;section&gt; tags are self-closing.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @param name Required. Name of the &lt;section&gt; tag
-- @return Content of the &lt;section&gt; tag, or nil if it isn't found. May be empty if the section tag is empty.
function parser.getSectionTag( wikitext, name )
	name = str_trim( name )
	name = escapeString( name )
	local sections = {}
	for section in str_gmatch( wikitext, '&lt; *section +begin *= *[&quot;\']? *' .. name .. ' *[&quot;\']? */&gt;(.-)&lt; *section +end= *[&quot;\']? *'.. name ..' *[&quot;\']? */&gt;' ) do
		table_insert( sections, section )
	end
	if #sections &gt; 0 then
		return table_concat( sections )
	end
end

-- Get the lists from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of lists.
function parser.getLists( wikitext )
	local lists = {}
	wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n\n'
	for list in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n([*#].-)\n[^*#]' ) do
		table_insert( lists, list )
	end
	return lists
end

-- Get the paragraphs from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of paragraphs.
function parser.getParagraphs( wikitext )
	local paragraphs = {}

	-- Remove non-paragraphs
	wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext .. '\n' -- add newlines to simplfy patterns
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]&lt;!%-%-.-%-%-&gt; *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove comments
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%[%b[]%] *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove files and categories
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '&lt;gallery.-&lt;/gallery&gt;', '\n\n' ) -- remove galleries
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove tables and block templates
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove neighboring tables and block templates
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]%b{} *&lt;!%-%-.-%-%-&gt; *%b{} *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove neighboring tables and block templates with a comment among them
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n][*#].-%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove lists
	wikitext = str_gsub( wikitext, '%f[^\n]==+[^=]+==+ *%f[\n]', '' ) -- remove section titles
	wikitext = str_trim( wikitext )

	for paragraph in str_gsplit( wikitext, &quot;\n\n&quot; ) do
		paragraph = str_trim( paragraph )
		if paragraph ~= &quot;&quot; then -- Filter out 3+ consecutive newlines
			table_insert( paragraphs, paragraph )
		end
	end
	return paragraphs
end

-- Get the templates from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of templates.
function parser.getTemplates( wikitext )
	local templates = {}
	for template in str_gmatch( wikitext, '{%b{}}' ) do
		if str_sub( template, 1, 3 ) ~= '{{#' then -- skip parser functions like #if
			table_insert( templates, template )
		end
	end
	return templates
end

-- Get the requested template from the given wikitext.
-- If the template appears more than once, only the first instance will be returned
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @param name Name of the template to get
-- @return Wikitext of the template, or nil if it wasn't found
function parser.getTemplate( wikitext, name )
	local templates = parser.getTemplates( wikitext )
	local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage()
	for _, template in ipairs( templates ) do
		local templateName = parser.getTemplateName( template )
		if lang:ucfirst( templateName ) == lang:ucfirst( name ) then
			return template
		end
	end
end

-- Get name of the template from the given template wikitext.
-- @param templateWikitext Required. Wikitext of the template to parse.
-- @return Name of the template
-- @todo Strip &quot;Template:&quot; namespace?
function parser.getTemplateName( templateWikitext )
	return str_match( templateWikitext, '^{{ *([^}|\n]+)' )
end

-- Get the parameters from the given template wikitext.
-- @param templateWikitext Required. Wikitext of the template to parse.
-- @return Map from parameter names to parameter values, NOT IN THE ORIGINAL ORDER.
-- @return Order in which the parameters were parsed.
function parser.getTemplateParameters( templateWikitext )
	local parameters = {}
	local paramOrder = {}
	local params = str_match( templateWikitext, '{{[^|}]-|(.*)}}' )
	if params then
		-- Temporarily replace pipes in subtemplates and links to avoid chaos
		for subtemplate in str_gmatch( params, '{%b{}}' ) do
			params = str_gsub( params, escapeString( subtemplate ), str_gsub( subtemplate, '.', { ['%']='%%', ['|']=&quot;@@:@@&quot;, ['=']='@@_@@' } ), 1 )
		end
		for link in str_gmatch( params, '%[%b[]%]' ) do
			params = str_gsub( params, escapeString( link ), str_gsub( link, '.', { ['%']='%%', ['|']='@@:@@', ['=']='@@_@@' } ), 1 )
		end
		local count = 0
		local name, value
		for param in str_gsplit( params, '|' ) do
			name, value = str_split2( param, '=' )
			if value then
				local number = tonumber( name )
				if number then --XXX: What about keys like: 01, .1, 2e0, etc.
					name = number
				end
				value = str_trim( value )
			else
				value = name
				count = count + 1
				name = count
			end
			value = str_gsub( value, '@@_@@', '=' )
			value = str_gsub( value, '@@:@@', '|' )
			parameters[ name ] = value
			table_insert( paramOrder, name )
		end
	end
	return parameters, paramOrder
end

-- Get the tags from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of tags.
function parser.getTags( wikitext )
	local tags = {}
	local tag, tagName, tagEnd
	-- Don't match closing tags like &lt;/div&gt;, comments like &lt;!--foo--&gt;, comparisons like 1&lt;2 or things like &lt;3
	for tagStart, tagOpen in str_gmatch( wikitext, '()(&lt;[^/!%d].-&gt;)' ) do
		tagName = parser.getTagName( tagOpen )

		-- If we're in a self-closing tag, like &lt;ref name=&quot;foo&quot; /&gt;, &lt;references/&gt;, &lt;br/&gt;, &lt;br&gt;, &lt;hr&gt;, etc.
		if str_match( tagOpen, '&lt;.-/&gt;' ) or tagName == 'br' or tagName == 'hr' then
			tag = tagOpen

		-- If we're in a tag that may contain others like it, like &lt;div&gt; or &lt;span&gt;
		elseif tagName == 'div' or tagName == 'span' then
			local position = tagStart + #tagOpen - 1
			local depth = 1
			while depth &gt; 0 do
				tagEnd = str_match( wikitext, '&lt;/ ?' .. tagName .. ' ?&gt;()', position )
				if tagEnd then
					tagEnd = tagEnd - 1
				else
					break -- unclosed tag
				end 
				position = str_match( wikitext, '()&lt; ?' .. tagName .. '[ &gt;]', position + 1 )
				if not position then
					position = tagEnd + 1
				end
				if position &gt; tagEnd then
					depth = depth - 1
				else
					depth = depth + 1
				end
			end
			tag = str_sub( wikitext, tagStart, tagEnd )

		-- Else we're probably in tag that shouldn't contain others like it, like &lt;math&gt; or &lt;strong&gt;
		else
			tagEnd = str_match( wikitext, '&lt;/ ?' .. tagName .. ' ?&gt;()', tagStart )
			if tagEnd then
				tag = str_sub( wikitext, tagStart, tagEnd - 1 )

			-- If no end tag is found, assume we matched something that wasn't a tag, like &lt;no. 1&gt;
			else
				tag = nil
			end
		end
		table_insert( tags, tag )
	end
	return tags
end

-- Get the name of the tag in the given wikitext
-- @param tag Required. Tag to parse.
-- @return Name of the tag or nil if not found
function parser.getTagName( tagWikitext )
	local tagName = str_match( tagWikitext, '^&lt; *(.-)[ /&gt;]' )
	if tagName then tagName = str_lower( tagName ) end
	return tagName
end

-- Get the value of an attribute in the given tag.
-- @param tagWikitext Required. Wikitext of the tag to parse.
-- @param attribute Required. Name of the attribute.
-- @return Value of the attribute or nil if not found
function parser.getTagAttribute( tagWikitext, attribute )
	local _, value = str_match( tagWikitext, '^&lt;[^/&gt;]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *([&quot;\']?)([^/&gt;]-)%1[ /&gt;]' )
	return value
end

-- Get the content of the given tag.
-- @param tagWikitext Required. Wikitext of the tag to parse.
-- @return Content of the tag. May be empty if the tag is empty. Will be nil if the tag is self-closing.
-- @todo May fail with nested tags
function parser.getTagContent( tagWikitext )
	return str_match( tagWikitext, '^&lt;.-&gt;.-&lt;/.-&gt;' )
end

-- Get the &lt;gallery&gt; tags from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of gallery tags.
function parser.getGalleries( wikitext )
	local galleries = {}
	local tags = parser.getTags( wikitext )
	for _, tag in ipairs( tags ) do
		local tagName = parser.getTagName( tag )
		if tagName == 'gallery' then
			table_insert( galleries, tag )
		end
	end
	return galleries
end

-- Get the &lt;ref&gt; tags from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of ref tags.
function parser.getReferences( wikitext )
	local references = {}
	local tags = parser.getTags( wikitext )
	for _, tag in ipairs( tags ) do
		local tagName = parser.getTagName( tag )
		if tagName == 'ref' then
			table_insert( references, tag )
		end
	end
	return references
end

-- Get the reference with the given name from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @param referenceName Required. Name of the reference.
-- @return Wikitext of the reference
function parser.getReference( wikitext, referenceName )
	local references = parser.getReferences( wikitext )
	for _, reference in ipairs( references ) do
		local content = parser.getTagContent( reference )
		local name = parser.getTagAttribute( reference, 'name' )
		if content and name == referenceName then
			return reference
		end
	end
end

-- Get the tables from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of tables.
function parser.getTables( wikitext )
	local tables = {}
	wikitext = '\n' .. wikitext
	for t in str_gmatch( wikitext, '\n%b{}' ) do
		if str_sub( t, 1, 3 ) == '\n{|' then
			t = str_trim( t ) -- exclude the leading newline
			table_insert( tables, t )
		end
	end
	return tables
end

-- Get the id from the given table wikitext
-- @param tableWikitext Required. Wikitext of the table to parse.
-- @param attribute Required. Name of the attribute.
-- @return Value of the attribute or nil if not found
function parser.getTableAttribute( tableWikitext, attribute )
	local _, value = str_match( tableWikitext, '^{|[^\n]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *([&quot;\']?)([^\n]-)%1[^\n]*\n' )
	if not value or value == '' then
		value = str_match( tableWikitext, '^{|[^\n]*' .. attribute .. ' *= *([^\n ]+)[^\n]*\n' )
	end
	return value
end

-- Get a table by id from the given wikitext
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @param id Required. Id of the table
-- @return Wikitext of the table or nil if not found
function parser.getTable( wikitext, id )
	local tables = parser.getTables( wikitext )
	for _, t in ipairs( tables ) do
		if id == parser.getTableAttribute( t, 'id' ) then
			return t
		end
	end
end

-- Get the data from the given table wikitext
-- @param tableWikitext Required. Wikitext of the table to parse.
-- @return Table data
-- @todo Test and make more robust
function parser.getTableData( tableWikitext )
	local tableData = {}
	tableWikitext = str_trim( tableWikitext );
	tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^{|.-\n', '' ) -- remove the header
	tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '\n|}$', '' ) -- remove the footer
	tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^|%+.-\n', '' ) -- remove any caption
	tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '|%-.-\n', '|-\n' ) -- remove any row attributes
	tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '^|%-\n', '' ) -- remove any leading empty row
	tableWikitext = str_gsub( tableWikitext, '\n|%-$', '' ) -- remove any trailing empty row
	for rowWikitext in str_gsplit( tableWikitext, '|-' ) do
		local rowData = {}
		rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '||', '\n|' )
		rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '!!', '\n|' )
		rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '\n!', '\n|' )
		rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '^!', '\n|' )
		rowWikitext = str_gsub( rowWikitext, '^\n|', '' )
		for cellWikitext in str_gsplit( rowWikitext, '\n|' ) do
			cellWikitext = str_trim( cellWikitext )
			table_insert( rowData, cellWikitext )
		end
		table_insert( tableData, rowData )
	end
	return tableData
end

-- Get the internal links from the given wikitext (includes category and file links).
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of internal links.
function parser.getLinks( wikitext )
	local links = {}
	for link in str_gmatch( wikitext, '%[%b[]%]' ) do
		table_insert( links, link )
	end
	return links
end

-- Get the file links from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of file links.
function parser.getFiles( wikitext )
	local files = {}
	local links = parser.getLinks( wikitext )
	for _, link in ipairs( links ) do
		local namespace = str_match( link, '^%[%[ *(.-) *:' )
		if namespace and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ] and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ].canonicalName == 'File' then
			table_insert( files, link )
		end
	end
	return files
end

-- Get name of the file from the given file wikitext.
-- @param fileWikitext Required. Wikitext of the file to parse.
-- @return Name of the file
function parser.getFileName( fileWikitext )
	return str_match( fileWikitext, '^%[%[ *.- *: *(.-) *[]|]' )
end

-- Get the category links from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of category links.
function parser.getCategories( wikitext )
	local categories = {}
	local links = parser.getLinks( wikitext )
	for _, link in ipairs( links ) do
		local namespace = str_match( link, '^%[%[ -(.-) -:' )
		if namespace and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ] and mw.site.namespaces[ namespace ].canonicalName == 'Category' then
			table_insert( categories, link )
		end
	end
	return categories
end

-- Get the external links from the given wikitext.
-- @param wikitext Required. Wikitext to parse.
-- @return Sequence of external links.
function parser.getExternalLinks( wikitext )
	local links = {}
	for link in str_gmatch( wikitext, '%b[]' ) do
		if str_match( link, '^%[//' ) or str_match( link, '^%[https?://' ) then
			table_insert( links, link )
		end
	end
	return links
end

return parser</text>
      <sha1>3r3fpf7d7jt2ttpx3ny4bt85muaz5lj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Excerpt/config</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38281</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199181</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:27:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;return {  	-- Templates that should never be transcluded 	-- CAUTION: () grouping notation does not work 	blacklist = { 		'2021 United States Capitol attack', '2021 storming of the United States Capitol', 		'[Aa]bout', '[Tt]his', '[Tt]his article is about', 		'[Aa]griculture', 		'[Aa]nchor', 		'[Bb]roader', 		'[Cc]ampaignbox', '[Cc]ampaign', 		'[Cc]itations broken from PEIS limit', 		'[Cc]oor', '[Ll]ocation', '[Ll]ocation dec'...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199181</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="5693" sha1="dz73agsl57p1qgazv67atqtoz4bbzld" xml:space="preserve">return {

	-- Templates that should never be transcluded
	-- CAUTION: () grouping notation does not work
	blacklist = {
		'2021 United States Capitol attack', '2021 storming of the United States Capitol',
		'[Aa]bout', '[Tt]his', '[Tt]his article is about',
		'[Aa]griculture',
		'[Aa]nchor',
		'[Bb]roader',
		'[Cc]ampaignbox', '[Cc]ampaign',
		'[Cc]itations broken from PEIS limit',
		'[Cc]oor', '[Ll]ocation', '[Ll]ocation dec', '[Cc]o%-ord', -- Coordinates
		'[Cc]urrent', '[Ff]lux', '[Ll]ive', '[Oo]n ?going', '[Rr]ecent ?event', '[Rr]ecent news', '[Bb]reaking news', -- {{Current}} etc.
		'[Cc]lean.*', '[Bb]are.*',
		'[Dd]efault ?[Ss]ort', 'DEFAULT ?SORT',
		'[Dd]isplay ?title', 'DISPLAYTITLE', '[Ii]talic title', '[Ii]talic disambiguation', '[Ii]talic dab', '[Tt]itle language',
		'[Dd]istinguish', '[Cc]onfused?', '[Cc]onfusion', '[Nn]ot ?confused?', '[Nn]ot ?to ?be ?confused', '[Nn]ot ?to ?be ?confused ?with', 'NTBCW', '[Nn]tbcw', '[Dd]ist',
		'[Ee]xpand.*',
		'[Ff]eatured ?article', '[Ff]eatured', '[Ff]eaturedSmall', 'FA topicon',
		'^[Ff][Oo][Rr][12]?', '[Ff]or ?the',
		'[Ff]urther',
		'[Gg]ood [Aa]rticle','GA article', 'GA icon',
		'[Gg]lobal',
		'[Hh]atnote',
		'[Ii]nfo ?[Bb]ox', '[Rr]ow', '[Tt]axobox', -- infoboxes
		'[Ll]ea?de? ?missing', '[Nn]o[ -]?[Ii]ntro', '[Nn]ointroduction', '[Nn]o[ -]?lea?de?', '[Mm]issingintro', '[Ii]ntro[ -]?missing', '[Nn]o ?lead ?section', '[Mm]issing lea?de?', '[Ll]ea?de? absent', '[Nn]o definition', '[Ii]ntroduction needed', '[Ii]ntroduction missing', '[Ii]ntro needed', '[Ll]ea?de? required', '[Nn][Oo][Ll]',
		'[Ll]ea?de? ?too ?long', '[Ii]ntro ?length', '[Ll]ongintro', '[Ll]ong ?lea?de?', '[Ii]ntro[ -]?too[ -]?long', '[Ll][2T][Ll]', '[Ll]ead long',
		'[Ll]ea?de?[ -]?rewrite', '[Ll]ea?de? ?section', '[Vv]agueintro', '[Cc]leanup[ -]?lead', '[Ii]ntro', '[Oo]pening', '[Ll]ea?de?', '[Ii]ntro[ -]?rewrite', 'LEAD', 'LEDE', '[Rr]ewrite lead',
		'[Ll]ea?de?[ -]?too[ -]?short', '[Ee]xpand ?lea?de?', '[Tt]oo ?[Ss]hort', '[Ss]hort ?intro', '[Ss]hort ?lead', '[Ii]ntro[ -]?too[ -]?short', '[Bb]uild lead', '[Ii]ntro[ -]?expand', 'XL', 'TSL', '[Ll]2[Ss]',
		'[Ll]ong', '[Tt]oo ?big', '[Ss]horten', '[Ss]plit', '[Tt]oo[ -]?[Ll]ong', '2[Ll]', '2long', 'TOOLONG', '[Bb]igPage',
		'[Mm]ain[12]?', '[Mm]ain ?[Aa]rticles?', 'MAIN', '[Mm]ain page', '[Ss]ee ?main', '[Rr]ead ?main', '[Ff]ull article', '[Hh]urricane main', '[Cc]omprehensive', '[Mm]ultiple ?issues',
		'[Mm]erge.*',
		'[Mm]ore footnotes needed', '.*footnote.*', '.*citations.*',
		'[Nn]avbox', '[Nn]avigation', '[Nn]avigation ?[Bb]ox', '[Nn]avigation Template', '[Hh]ider hiding', '[Cc]?VG [Nn]avigation', '[Tt]ransNB', '[Nn]avtable', -- navboxes
		'[Nn]o footnotes', '[Cc]itations', '[Ii]nline',
		'[Oo]ther ?[Uu]ses?[134]?', '[Oo]thers?', '[Oo]ther ?[Mm]eanings?', '[Aa]lternateuses', '[Oo]thervalues', '[Ff]or other uses', 
		'[Oo]utline',
		'^[Pp]p', '[Pp]p%-.+', -- {{pp-move-indef}} etc.
		'[Rr]edirect', '[Rr][Ee]dir', '[Rr]DR',
		'.*[Ss]ections.*',
		'[Rr]ural society',
		'[Ss]ee[ -]?[Aa]lso', '[Aa]lso', '[Ll]ooking', '[Rr]elated articles?', '[Ll]ooking for', '[Ss]ee other', 'VT',
		'[Ss]emiprotected',
		'[Ss]hort[ -]?desc', 'SHORTDESC', '[Dd]escription', '[Bb]rief description',
		'[Ss]idebar', '[Hh]istory of', '[Cc]ulture of', '[Ee]conomy of', '[Gg]enocide', '[Tt]imeline', '[Tt]opic', '[Aa]ntisemitism', '[Ii]slam', '[Cc]reationism', -- sidebars
		'[Ss]pecial[Cc]hars',
		'[Ss]poken', -- Spoken Wikipedia related
		'[Tt]echnical', '[Jj]argon', '[Pp]lain English', '[Cc]omplex', '[Cc]omplicated', '[Gg]ibberish', '[Ss]implification needed', '[Tt]oo much jargon', '[Tt]oo specialized', '[Tt]oo technical',
		'TOC', '[Tt]oc ?[Ll]imit', -- Table of contents related
		'[Uu]se .+ English', '[Uu]se .+ spelling', '[Ee]ngvarB', -- {{Use American English}} etc.
		'[Uu]se .+ dates', -- {{Use dmy dates}} etc.

		-- {{More citations needed}} and its many aliases
		'[Aa]dditional ?[Cc]itations?', '[Aa]dd? ?ref', '[Cc]itations ?[Mm]issing', '[Cc]itations ?[Nn]eeded', '[Cc]ite ?[Ss]ources?', '[Cc]leanup[ -]?[Cc]ite', '[Cc]leanup[ -]?[Vv]erify', '[Ff]ew ?[Rr]efs?', '[Ff]ew ?sources?', '[Ii]mprove[ -]?refs?', '[Ii]mprove[ -]?sources?', '[Mm][Cc][Nn]', '[Mm][Oo][Rr][Ee] ?[Cc][Nn]', '[Mm]issing ?[Cc]itations', '[Mm]issing ?[Rr]efs?', '[Mm]ore ?[Cc]itations', '[Mm]ore ?ref', '[Mm]ore ?[Ss]ources?', '[Nn]o ?sources', '[Nn]ot ?verified', '[Nn]o ?refs?', '^[Nn][Rr]', '[Rr]ef[ -]?[Ii]mprove', '[Rr]eference improve', '[Rr]eferences', '[Rr]efs ?[Nn]eeded', '[Rr]eferenced', '[Rr]efim', '[Rr]ip', '[Ss]ources?', '[Uu]ncited[ -]?[Aa]rticle', '[Uu]nderreferenced', '^[Uu][Nn][Rr][Ee]?[Ff]?$', '[Uu]nreferenced', '[Uu]nsourced', '[Uu]nverified', '[Vv]erification', '[Vv]erify',

		-- {{POV}} and its many aliases
		'POV', '[Nn]pov', '[Pp]ov', '[Nn]POV', '[Pp]oint [Oo]f [Vv]iew', '[Nn]?[Pp][Oo][Vv][ -]?[Cc]heck', '[Pp]oV', '[Nn]eutral', '[Nn]?[Pp]OV[ -]dispute', '[Tt]oo friendly', '[Ww]hite washed', '[Pp]ov problem', '[Ss]pin', '[Nn]ot neutral', '[Nn]PoV',
	},

	-- Map from image parameters to captions
	-- Used for extracting the file out of the infobox
	-- format: { filename, {caption}, {image_CSS_class} }
	captions = {
		{'map1', {'legend1'} },
		{'map2', {'legend2'} },
		{'image', {'image_caption', 'caption', 'description'}, {'image_class'} },
		{'logo', {'logo_caption'} },
	},

	-- Tracking categories (without the category namespace)
	categories = {
		content = 'Articles with excerpts',
		errors = 'Articles with broken excerpts',
		--[0] = 'Articles with excerpts',
	},

	-- Prefix for generating the hatnote
	hat = '{{hatnote|extraclasses=dablink excerpt-hat|selfref=yes|1=',

	-- Title of the template styles (optional)
	styles = 'Module:Excerpt/styles.css'
}</text>
      <sha1>dz73agsl57p1qgazv67atqtoz4bbzld</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:TNT</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38282</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199182</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:28:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;-- -- INTRO:   (!!! DO NOT RENAME THIS PAGE !!!) --    This module allows any template or module to be copy/pasted between --    wikis without any translation changes. All translation text is stored --    in the global  Data:*.tab  pages on Commons, and used everywhere. -- -- SEE:   https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Multilingual_Templates_and_Modules -- -- ATTENTION: --    Please do NOT rename this module - it has to be identical...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199182</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="6220" sha1="icfixo3zxiew6gqg3s5h19xr03x3wkh" xml:space="preserve">--
-- INTRO:   (!!! DO NOT RENAME THIS PAGE !!!)
--    This module allows any template or module to be copy/pasted between
--    wikis without any translation changes. All translation text is stored
--    in the global  Data:*.tab  pages on Commons, and used everywhere.
--
-- SEE:   https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Multilingual_Templates_and_Modules
--
-- ATTENTION:
--    Please do NOT rename this module - it has to be identical on all wikis.
--    This code is maintained at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Module:TNT
--    Please do not modify it anywhere else, as it may get copied and override your changes.
--    Suggestions can be made at https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Module_talk:TNT
--
-- DESCRIPTION:
--    The &quot;msg&quot; function uses a Commons dataset to translate a message
--    with a given key (e.g. source-table), plus optional arguments
--    to the wiki markup in the current content language.
--    Use lang=xx to set language.  Example:
--
--    {{#invoke:TNT | msg
--     | I18n/Template:Graphs.tab  &lt;!-- https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:I18n/Template:Graphs.tab --&gt;
--     | source-table              &lt;!-- uses a translation message with id = &quot;source-table&quot; --&gt;
--     | param1 }}                 &lt;!-- optional parameter --&gt;
--
--
--    The &quot;doc&quot; function will generate the &lt;templatedata&gt; parameter documentation for templates.
--    This way all template parameters can be stored and localized in a single Commons dataset.
--    NOTE: &quot;doc&quot; assumes that all documentation is located in Data:Templatedata/* on Commons.
--
--    {{#invoke:TNT | doc | Graph:Lines }}
--        uses https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:Templatedata/Graph:Lines.tab
--        if the current page is Template:Graph:Lines/doc
--

local p = {}
local i18nDataset = 'I18n/Module:TNT.tab'

-- Forward declaration of the local functions
local sanitizeDataset, loadData, link, formatMessage

function p.msg(frame)
	local dataset, id
	local params = {}
	local lang = nil
	for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do
		if k == 1 then
			dataset = mw.text.trim(v)
		elseif k == 2 then
			id = mw.text.trim(v)
		elseif type(k) == 'number' then
			table.insert(params, mw.text.trim(v))
		elseif k == 'lang' and v ~= '_' then
			lang = mw.text.trim(v)
		end
	end
	return formatMessage(dataset, id, params, lang)
end

-- Identical to p.msg() above, but used from other lua modules
-- Parameters:  name of dataset, message key, optional arguments
-- Example with 2 params:  format('I18n/Module:TNT', 'error_bad_msgkey', 'my-key', 'my-dataset')
function p.format(dataset, key, ...)
	local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType
	checkType('format', 1, dataset, 'string')
	checkType('format', 2, key, 'string')
	return formatMessage(dataset, key, {...})
end


-- Identical to p.msg() above, but used from other lua modules with the language param
-- Parameters:  language code, name of dataset, message key, optional arguments
-- Example with 2 params:  formatInLanguage('es', I18n/Module:TNT', 'error_bad_msgkey', 'my-key', 'my-dataset')
function p.formatInLanguage(lang, dataset, key, ...)
	local checkType = require('libraryUtil').checkType
	checkType('formatInLanguage', 1, lang, 'string')
	checkType('formatInLanguage', 2, dataset, 'string')
	checkType('formatInLanguage', 3, key, 'string')
	return formatMessage(dataset, key, {...}, lang)
end

-- Obsolete function that adds a 'c:' prefix to the first param.
-- &quot;Sandbox/Sample.tab&quot; -&gt; 'c:Data:Sandbox/Sample.tab'
function p.link(frame)
	return link(frame.args[1])
end

function p.doc(frame)
	local dataset = 'Templatedata/' .. sanitizeDataset(frame.args[1])
	return frame:extensionTag('templatedata', p.getTemplateData(dataset)) ..
		   formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'edit_doc', {link(dataset)})
end

function p.getTemplateData(dataset)
	-- TODO: add '_' parameter once lua starts reindexing properly for &quot;all&quot; languages
	local data = loadData(dataset)
	local names = {}
	for _, field in pairs(data.schema.fields) do
		table.insert(names, field.name)
	end

	local params = {}
	local paramOrder = {}
	for _, row in pairs(data.data) do
		local newVal = {}
		local name = nil
		for pos, val in pairs(row) do
			local columnName = names[pos]
			if columnName == 'name' then
				name = val
			else
				newVal[columnName] = val
			end
		end
		if name then
			params[name] = newVal
			table.insert(paramOrder, name)
		end
	end

	-- Work around json encoding treating {&quot;1&quot;:{...}} as an [{...}]
	params['zzz123']=''

	local json = mw.text.jsonEncode({
		params=params,
		paramOrder=paramOrder,
		description=data.description
	})

	json = string.gsub(json,'&quot;zzz123&quot;:&quot;&quot;,?', &quot;&quot;)

	return json
end

-- Local functions

sanitizeDataset = function(dataset)
	if not dataset then
		return nil
	end
	dataset = mw.text.trim(dataset)
	if dataset == '' then
		return nil
	elseif string.sub(dataset,-4) ~= '.tab' then
		return dataset .. '.tab'
	else
		return dataset
	end
end

loadData = function(dataset, lang)
	dataset = sanitizeDataset(dataset)
	if not dataset then
		error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_no_dataset', {}))
	end

	-- Give helpful error to thirdparties who try and copy this module.
	if not mw.ext or not mw.ext.data or not mw.ext.data.get then
		error('Missing JsonConfig extension; Cannot load https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Data:' .. dataset)
	end

	local data = mw.ext.data.get(dataset, lang)

	if data == false then
		if dataset == i18nDataset then
			-- Prevent cyclical calls
			error('Missing Commons dataset ' .. i18nDataset)
		else
			error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_bad_dataset', {link(dataset)}))
		end
	end
	return data
end

-- Given a dataset name, convert it to a title with the 'commons:data:' prefix
link = function(dataset)
	return 'c:Data:' .. mw.text.trim(dataset or '')
end

formatMessage = function(dataset, key, params, lang)
	for _, row in pairs(loadData(dataset, lang).data) do
		local id, msg = unpack(row)
		if id == key then
			local result = mw.message.newRawMessage(msg, unpack(params or {}))
			return result:plain()
		end
	end
	if dataset == i18nDataset then
		-- Prevent cyclical calls
		error('Invalid message key &quot;' .. key .. '&quot;')
	else
		error(formatMessage(i18nDataset, 'error_bad_msgkey', {key, link(dataset)}))
	end
end

return p</text>
      <sha1>icfixo3zxiew6gqg3s5h19xr03x3wkh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Excerpt/styles.css</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199184</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:30:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;/* {{pp-template}} */  .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like { 	font-style: normal; }&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199184</origin>
      <model>sanitized-css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="81" sha1="s89iqvdq4h08q8idnwmo1km5mupj85i" xml:space="preserve">/* {{pp-template}} */

.excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like {
	font-style: normal;
}</text>
      <sha1>s89iqvdq4h08q8idnwmo1km5mupj85i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38284</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199186</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:45:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199186</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="15933" sha1="8yg83ccsco817i502122lffeokhdb62" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox food
| name               = ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
| image              = Gulab-jamun-wallpaper-1.jpg
| image_size         = 250px
| caption            = ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
| alternate_name     = ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱱ, ᱞᱟᱞ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ, ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢ, ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱯ ᱡᱟᱢ
| region             = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]
| course             = [[ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ]]
| served             = ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ
| main_ingredient    = [[ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ]], [[ᱢᱟᱭᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]]
| variations         = [[ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱩᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱞᱳ ᱡᱟᱢ]]
| calories           = 
| other              = 
}}

'''ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ''ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ'' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]], [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]], [[ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱞ]], [[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ (ᱥᱮ ''[[ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ|ᱠᱷᱳᱭᱟ]]'') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱩ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ᱾

== ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ==
ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱪᱟᱵᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱚᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱭᱫᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ-ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱷᱤ]] (ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Marty Snortum |first=Lachu Moorjani |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Sj6SMyPQ7nMC&amp;q=Gulab+jamun |title=Ajanta: regional feasts of India |publisher=Gibbs Smith |year=2005 |isbn=1-58685-777-0 |page=17}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ]], [[ᱠᱮᱣᱲᱟ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱠᱩᱞᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ ᱟᱭᱤᱥᱠᱨᱤᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾

== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ==
᱑᱓ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ''[[Loukoumades|ᱞᱩᱠᱢᱟᱛ ᱟᱞ-ᱠᱟᱫᱤ]]'' ᱧᱮᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱯᱟᱯᱲᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱟ (ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Michael Krondl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gN6ySQnUnfwC&amp;pg=PA38 |title=Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert |publisher=Chicago Review Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-55652-954-2 |page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Michael Krondl |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gN6ySQnUnfwC&amp;pg=PA38 |title=Sweet Invention: A History of Dessert |publisher=Chicago Review Press |year=2011 |isbn=978-1-55652-954-2 |page=38}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Elliott |first=Victoria Grace |title=Yummy: A History of Desserts (A Graphic Novel) |date=30 November 2021 |publisher=Random House Children's Books |isbn=978-0-593-12439-0 |page=28 |language=en }}&lt;/ref&gt; &quot;ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ''ᱜᱩᱞ'' (ᱵᱟᱦᱟ) ᱟᱨ ''ᱟᱵᱽ'' (ᱫᱟᱜ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ]] ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ &quot;ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱩᱫᱽ|ᱠᱩᱫᱽ ᱡᱚ]] (''Syzygium jambolanum'') ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Banerjee |first1=Archana |last2=Dasgupta |first2=Nabasree |last3=De |first3=Bratati |date=May 2005 |title=In vitro study of antioxidant activity of Syzygium cumini fruit |journal=[[Food Chemistry (journal)|Food Chemistry]] |volume=90 |issue=4 |page=727 |doi=10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.04.033 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFcH2ZHWLcC |title=Indian Food Tradition A Historical Companion |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-019562845-6 |access-date=2019-01-29 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ==
''ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

&lt;gallery class=&quot;center&quot; widths=&quot;250&quot; heights=&quot;250&quot;&gt;
File:Gulab jamun , chenna payesh.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱪ ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
File:Gulab Jamun2.jpg|[[ᱪᱟᱥᱱᱤ|ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
File:GulaabJamun.JPG|''[[ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ]]'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
File:Gulab Jamun Delhi.JPG|''[[ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱠ]]'' ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
File:Gulaab Jamoon.jpg|ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱠᱚ
File:Mini Gulab Jamun.jpg|ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
File:Canned Gulab Jamun.jpg|ᱴᱤᱬ ᱰᱟᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:KalaJamoon.JPG|thumb|ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ, ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]
[[File:Pantua - Kolkata 2011-09-20 5431.JPG|thumb|ᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱩᱣᱟ]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾]]

=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ===
[[File:Gulabjamun op.jpg|thumb|upright|ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]

''ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ-ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱢᱮᱞᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱠᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ''ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ, ᱢᱟᱭᱫᱟ, ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱣᱰᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱤᱭᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾

ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱞᱳ ᱡᱟᱢ ᱥᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱩᱣᱟ]] ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱞᱮᱰᱤᱠᱮᱱᱤ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱩᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Richardson |first=Tim H. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETluYRHyjKwC&amp;pg=PA334 |title=Sweets: A History of Candy |publisher=Bloomsbury USA |year=2002 |isbn=1-58234-229-6 |page=334}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱕᱖–᱖᱒ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱭᱤᱥᱨᱚᱭ ᱪᱟᱨᱞᱥ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱝ ᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱦᱩ [[ᱞᱮᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱝ|ᱞᱮᱰᱤ ᱠᱮᱱᱤᱝ]] ᱟᱜ ᱦᱤᱨᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱤᱢ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚ ᱱᱟᱜᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=Zubairi |first=Ramsha |date=2024-09-10 |title=Ledikeni, the Bengali Sweet Made for Lady Canning |url=https://eatyourworld.com/blog/ledikeni-the-bengali-sweet-fit-for-a-lady/ |access-date=2026-09-01 |website=Eat Your World |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱡᱚᱵᱚᱞᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱟᱝᱜᱤ]] ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱡᱷᱩᱨᱨᱮ ᱠᱟ ᱨᱚᱥᱜᱩᱞᱞᱟ&quot; ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱮᱱ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=https://www.patrika.com/jabalpur-news/testy-gulab-jamun-of-katangi-20157/ |title=यहां के रसगुल्लों के लिए थम जाते हैं वाहनों के पहिए |website=www.patrika.com |date=10 January 2016 |access-date=24 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱬ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱜᱷᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url= |title=Folk music. Katangi ke rasgulla. AKASH sahu. |date=31 May 2016 |via=www.youtube.com |access-date=24 September 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ, ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱵᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱠᱤ ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱡᱤ&quot; ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾

ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱭᱚ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱣᱟ]] ᱨᱮ &quot;ᱢᱟᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱴᱤ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mawa Bati {{!}} District Raisen, Government of Madhya Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://raisen.nic.in/en/culinary-delight/mawa-bati/ |access-date=2023-11-24 |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱞᱳᱨ]] ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱨᱠᱳᱴ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ &quot;ᱢᱟᱠᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱯᱮᱰᱟ&quot; ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=M. |first=Serena Josephine M. |date=March 2, 2013 |title=In search of Arcot Makkan Peda |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-arcot-makkan-peda/article4462220.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱷᱚᱠᱳᱬᱚᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Nainar |first=Nahla |date=July 26, 2018 |title=Sweetmeats for the sweet toothed |url=https://www.thehindu.com/life-and-style/food/sweetmeats-for-the-sweet-toothed/article24520931.ece |work=[[The Hindu]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ===
[[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱱᱛᱩᱣᱟ]] ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ: ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱡᱟᱢ ({{Lang|bn|গোলাপ জাম}}) ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱞᱳ ᱡᱟᱢ ({{Lang|bn|কালো জাম}})᱾

=== ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ ===
ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱞ ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱ ({{Lang|ne|लालमोहन}}) ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱛᱤᱦᱟᱨ (ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ)|ᱛᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱭ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |last=sampurna |title=सबैको प्यारो लालमोहन |url=https://sampurnaweekly.com/news/2315 |access-date=2022-12-05 |website=Sampurna Weekly |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
{{Reflist}}


[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱞᱳᱪᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱳᱱᱟᱴ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲᱤ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱰᱮᱡᱟᱨᱴ ᱠᱚ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱧᱡᱟᱵᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]</text>
      <sha1>8yg83ccsco817i502122lffeokhdb62</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38285</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199187</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T07:59:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᱵᱟᱣᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199187</origin>
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      <text bytes="38339" sha1="6bw8yazjdj4dao72xggqtf74kiywidx" xml:space="preserve">{{About|᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ]] ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ|ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|[[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ|ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱨ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}
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'''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ-ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ; ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱑% ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JT_Thakrar_2007-04-22&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20070422x4.html |title=Japanese warm to real curries and more |work=[[The Japan Times]] |last=Thakrar |first=Raju |date=22 April 2007 |access-date=2007-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubey2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Krishna Gopal Dubey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |title=The Indian Cuisine |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8 |access-date=2 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Achaya&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=K T Achaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC |title=The Story of Our Food |publisher=Universities Press |year=2003 |isbn=9788173712937 |access-date=18 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ===

᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{refn|group=note|[[ᱠᱣᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ-ᱮ-ᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]], [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱥ [[ᱟᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ […] ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&quot;, ref &quot;Chandler 34–42&quot;}} ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱹᱭ|ᱠᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/&quot;]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm &quot;Mehrgarh&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18 }}. '' Guide to Archaeology''&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=&quot;Bhirrana&quot;|᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱚᱛᱣᱚᱵᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱮ.ᱮᱱ. ᱫᱤᱠᱥᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱓᱘᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱒᱐᱑ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indusmilleniumold&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/india/121116/indus-civilization-2000-years-old-archaeologists|title=Archaeologists confirm Indian civilization is 2000 years older than previously believed |work=GlobalPost |date=16 November 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;milleniumold&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/indus-valley-2-000-years-older-than-thought/article1-954601.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209053815/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/indus-valley-2-000-years-older-than-thought/article1-954601.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 9, 2015|title=Indus Valley 2,000 years older than thought|date=2012-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indus-era-8000-years-old-not-5500-ended-because-of-weaker-monsoon/articleshow/52485332.cms|title=Indus era 8,000 years old, not 5,500; ended because of weaker monsoon &amp;#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 May 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oldestbhirranna&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=History What their lives reveal| url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ljfXtPZHUSi5eG8Di1n9YO/History--What-their-lives-reveal.html | date=2013-01-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oldest&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title=Haryana's Bhirrana oldest Harappan site, Rakhigarhi Asia's largest: ASI | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryanas-Bhirrana-oldest-Harappan-site-Rakhigarhi-Asias-largest-ASI/articleshow/46926693.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} 
᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice &amp; All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html |title=Where Did Curry Come From? |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=January 29, 2013 |magazine=Slate}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱓᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱨ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ-ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱠᱟᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱥᱨᱟᱵᱽᱫᱤ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JR14&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JMI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&amp;pg=PA189}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NATC&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Neelis |first1=Jason |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |date=2011 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004194588 |pages=94–95 |url=https://brill.com/view/title/18172}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ===

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ''ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ]] ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱭᱟᱡᱽᱧᱚᱵᱚᱞᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱯᱟᱞᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KTAchaya1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=K. T. Achaya |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian food: a historical companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFcH2ZHWLcC |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=11|isbn=978-0-19-562845-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, [[ᱫᱷᱭᱟᱱ|ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱭᱳᱜᱟ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

[[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱩ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ‘India's Benevolence to Thailand’ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱱ (ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ) ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱵᱷᱤ, ᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱡᱟᱛ]], ᱯᱷᱤᱠᱩᱱ ᱥᱮ ''Mimusops elengi'' ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱱᱱᱟᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indthai&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters.aspx?sectionname=History&amp;subsectionname=Indian-Influence-Abroad&amp;topicname=Historical-Ties-India-And-Thailand&amp;chapter=1 |title=Historical Ties India and Thailand |website=esamskriti.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱳᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;influ1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&amp;q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011 }}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite book |title=Philippines Country Study Guide |year=2007 |publisher=Int'l Business Publications |isbn=978-1-4330-3970-6 |page=111 }}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.balitapinoy.net/philippine_cuisine.html &quot;Philippine Cuisine.&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616135618/http://www.balitapinoy.net/philippine_cuisine.html |date=2011-06-16 }} [http://www.balitapinoy.net Balitapinoy.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723022526/http://www.balitapinoy.net/ |date=2011-07-23 }}. Retrieved July 2011.&lt;br /&gt;{{cite news|last=Morgolis|first=Jason|date=6 February 2014|title=Why is it so hard to find a good Filipino restaurant?|url=https://theworld.org/stories/2014/02/06/why-it-so-hard-find-good-filipino-restaurant|newspaper=Public Radio International|access-date=17 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ===

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ,&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27 }}, about.com&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Civitello2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Civitello|first=Linda|title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&amp;pg=PA267|access-date=4 June 2012|date=29 March 2011|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-0-470-40371-6|page=267}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ===

[[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ]], [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ]], [[ᱠᱩᱦᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, [[ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱷ]], ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gopalakrishnan2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=T. R. |title=Vegetable Crops |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&amp;pg=PA209 |year=2007 |publisher=New India Publishing |isbn=978-81-89422-41-7 |pages=209–}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱩᱞᱞᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Mahmood |first=Syed Zain |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm |title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]] |date=19 December 2008 |volume=7 |issue=49 |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=autobio&gt;{{cite book |last=Lindsay |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Lindsay (Sylhet) |title=Lives of the Lindsays, or, A memoir of the House of Crawford and Balcarres |volume=4 |chapter=Anecdotes of an Indian life: Chapter VII |url=https://digital.nls.uk/95568541 |location=Wigan |publisher=C. S. Simms |page=99}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ==

᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ (UN) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱑.᱗᱕ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ (17.5 million) [[ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮ.ᱤ (UAE) ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (USA) ᱨᱮ ᱒᱗ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;etdata1&quot;&gt;[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/forex-and-remittance/with-78-billion-india-still-highest-overseas-remittance-receiver/articleshow/72271170.cms With $78 billion, India still highest overseas remittance receiver], ''The Economic Times'', 28 November 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |date=1 February 2006 |title=Curry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |access-date=5 May 2010 |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ]]'' ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-date=May 27, 2008 |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ, [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]], ᱑᱘᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |access-date=21 March 2012 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ [[ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐% ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ|ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Akbar |first=Ahsan |date=2021-03-21 |title=From kala bhuna to shatkora curry – let's all get a taste for Bangladesh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/21/from-kala-bhuna-to-shatkora-curry-lets-all-get-a-taste-for-bangladesh |access-date=2024-08-30 |newspaper=[[The Observer]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱒ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ [[ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱤᱝ|ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Food Standards Agency&amp;nbsp;– Curry factfile |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014074850/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |archive-date=2010-10-14 |access-date=2019-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ ''ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bhide |first=Monica |date=24 January 2007 |title=Tikka in No Time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/23/AR2007012300296_pf.html |access-date=4 June 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ&lt;ref name=&quot;vegvoyages.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani &amp; Mee |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |archive-date=28 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |publisher=Veg Voyages}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=20 February 2007 |title=Indian food gains popularity during Chinese New Year |url=http://www.hindustandainik.com/news/181_1933405,001100020009.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121145158/http://hindustandainik.com/news/181_1933405,001100020009.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Then |first=Viviane |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Little India, Singapore|ᱞᱤᱴᱤᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Food in Malaysia |url=http://www.travellersworldwide.com/11-malaysia/11-malaysia-food.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621152707/http://www.travellersworldwide.com/11-malaysia/11-malaysia-food.htm |archive-date=21 June 2012 |access-date=1 July 2012 |publisher=Travellers Worldwide |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ श्रेय ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Corum2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Ann Kondo Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&amp;pg=PA174 |title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |date=1 May 2000 |publisher=Bess Press |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |pages=174– |access-date=4 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱳᱭᱮᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱰᱯᱷᱳᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ (ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ)᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ, ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Indiafood1&quot;&gt;[https://theprint.in/world/indian-food-fourth-most-popular-in-the-world-a-study-of-cuisine-trade-finds/283119/ Indian food fourth most popular in the world, a study of cuisine trade finds], [[ThePrint]], 29 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱙᱓%), ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ (᱘᱔%), ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱗᱗%), ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱗᱕%), ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱗᱔%), ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ (᱗᱑%), ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱤᱥ (᱗᱑%), ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱗᱐%), ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱔᱙%), ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ (᱔᱔%), ᱛᱷᱟᱭ (᱒᱗%) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ (᱒᱖%) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;asianage1&quot;&gt;[https://www.asianage.com/business/in-other-news/140319/indian-cuisine-ranks-among-worlds-top-10.html Indian cuisine ranks among world’s Top 10], [[Asian Age]], 14 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Anita Mannur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&amp;pg=PA233 |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |publisher=Temple University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233 |access-date=21 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Banerjee&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Himadri Banerjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSTEOx_Lw9MC&amp;pg=PA132 |title=Calcutta Mosaic: Essays and Interviews on the Minority Communities of Calcutta |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-905835-5-8 |page=132 |access-date=21 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deshpande&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Shubada |date=25 October 1999 |title=Fare for the Desi Dragon |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/oct/25us3.htm |access-date=2012-07-21 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ (ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bestindianfoodcatering.com/ |website=Best Indian Food Catering}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Davidson, Alan |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor=Tom Jaine |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |pages=21–22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 – National Library of Scotland |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |work=nls.uk |access-date=2019-11-29 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093413/http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Roy |first1=Modhumita |date=7 August 2010 |title=Some Like It Hot: Class, Gender and Empire in the Making of Mulligatawny Soup |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=45 |issue=32 |pages=66–75 |jstor=20764390}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cooking under the Raj |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/566/566_david_housego.htm |access-date=30 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Bhang eaters before two huts (6124556163).jpg|᱑᱗᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱝ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/httpmunchies-vice-comarticlesthe-bhang-lassi-is-how-hindus-drink-themselves-high-for-shiva/ |title=The Bhang Lassi Is How Hindus Drink Themselves High for Shiva |author=Staelens, Stefanie |magazine=Vice |access-date=August 10, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Nimmatnama-i Nasiruddin-Shahi 283.jpg|''ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ-ᱤ-ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽᱫᱤᱱ-ᱥᱟᱦᱤ'' ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]] ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
Sweets 1.jpg|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱚᱞ (᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ-ᱤ-ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽᱫᱤᱱ-ᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
&lt;/gallery&gt;
*

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
=== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

=== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ===
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Indian Cuisine}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ| ]]
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[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]</text>
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      <text bytes="38310" sha1="dhow22fcilinsgb99qyq9bw9xcriz98" xml:space="preserve">{{About|᱑᱙᱔᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱚᱜ]] ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ|ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|[[ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ|ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱟᱨ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}}'''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟᱨᱤ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ-ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ; ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱑% ᱦᱤᱥᱟᱹᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱯᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JT_Thakrar_2007-04-22&quot;&gt;{{cite news |url=http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20070422x4.html |title=Japanese warm to real curries and more |work=[[The Japan Times]] |last=Thakrar |first=Raju |date=22 April 2007 |access-date=2007-04-23}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ==

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Dubey2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Krishna Gopal Dubey |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |title=The Indian Cuisine |publisher=PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. |year=2011 |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8 |access-date=2 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Achaya&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=K T Achaya |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC |title=The Story of Our Food |publisher=Universities Press |year=2003 |isbn=9788173712937 |access-date=18 June 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱩᱢᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ===

᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱦᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{refn|group=note|[[ᱠᱣᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ-ᱮ-ᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ]], [[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱯᱨᱚᱯᱷᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱮᱨᱤᱴᱚᱥ [[ᱟᱦᱢᱚᱫᱽ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ &quot;ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱮᱭ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ […] ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱟᱵᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱥᱤᱞᱥᱤᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&quot;, ref &quot;Chandler 34–42&quot;}} ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱹᱭ|ᱠᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{citation |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=Random House |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/&quot;]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm &quot;Mehrgarh&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18 }}. '' Guide to Archaeology''&lt;/ref&gt;{{refn|group=note|name=&quot;Bhirrana&quot;|᱒᱐᱐᱖ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱨᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱚᱛᱣᱚᱵᱤᱫᱽ ᱠᱮ.ᱮᱱ. ᱫᱤᱠᱥᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱓᱘᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖᱒᱐᱑ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indusmilleniumold&quot;&gt;{{Cite web|url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/regions/asia-pacific/india/121116/indus-civilization-2000-years-old-archaeologists|title=Archaeologists confirm Indian civilization is 2000 years older than previously believed |work=GlobalPost |date=16 November 2012 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;milleniumold&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/indus-valley-2-000-years-older-than-thought/article1-954601.aspx|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150209053815/http://www.hindustantimes.com/newdelhi/indus-valley-2-000-years-older-than-thought/article1-954601.aspx|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 9, 2015|title=Indus Valley 2,000 years older than thought|date=2012-11-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Indus-era-8000-years-old-not-5500-ended-because-of-weaker-monsoon/articleshow/52485332.cms|title=Indus era 8,000 years old, not 5,500; ended because of weaker monsoon &amp;#124; India News - Times of India|website=The Times of India|date=29 May 2016 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oldestbhirranna&quot;&gt;{{cite web | title=History What their lives reveal| url=http://www.livemint.com/Leisure/ljfXtPZHUSi5eG8Di1n9YO/History--What-their-lives-reveal.html | date=2013-01-04 }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;oldest&quot;&gt;{{cite news | title=Haryana's Bhirrana oldest Harappan site, Rakhigarhi Asia's largest: ASI | url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chandigarh/Haryanas-Bhirrana-oldest-Harappan-site-Rakhigarhi-Asias-largest-ASI/articleshow/46926693.cms |newspaper=The Times of India |date=15 April 2015}}&lt;/ref&gt;}} 
᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice &amp; All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html |title=Where Did Curry Come From? |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=January 29, 2013 |magazine=Slate}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱓᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱨ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ-ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱠᱟᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱫᱚ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱥᱨᱟᱵᱽᱫᱤ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JR14&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304}}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;JMI&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&amp;pg=PA189}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;NATC&quot;&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |last1=Neelis |first1=Jason |title=Early Buddhist Transmission and Trade Networks: Mobility and Exchange within and beyond the Northwestern Borderlands of South Asia |date=2011 |publisher=Brill |isbn=978-9004194588 |pages=94–95 |url=https://brill.com/view/title/18172}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱵᱮᱫᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ===

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ''ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ'' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱚᱸᱥᱠᱨᱤᱛ]] ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱭᱟᱡᱽᱧᱚᱵᱚᱞᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ &quot;ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱮ &quot;ᱯᱟᱞᱞᱟᱣ&quot; ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;KTAchaya1994&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=K. T. Achaya |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian food: a historical companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-cFcH2ZHWLcC |year=1994 |publisher=Oxford University Press |page=11|isbn=978-0-19-562845-6 }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱨᱚᱜᱤ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, [[ᱫᱷᱭᱟᱱ|ᱫᱷᱮᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱭᱳᱜᱟ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

[[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱩ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱟᱥ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ ‘India's Benevolence to Thailand’ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱱ (ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ) ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱨᱚᱵᱷᱤ, ᱠᱟᱱᱤᱠᱟ ᱥᱮ [[ᱯᱟᱨᱤᱡᱟᱛ]], ᱯᱷᱤᱠᱩᱱ ᱥᱮ ''Mimusops elengi'' ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱱᱱᱟᱠ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;indthai&quot;&gt;{{cite web |url=https://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters.aspx?sectionname=History&amp;subsectionname=Indian-Influence-Abroad&amp;topicname=Historical-Ties-India-And-Thailand&amp;chapter=1 |title=Historical Ties India and Thailand |website=esamskriti.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

[[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱳᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;influ1&quot;&gt;{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&amp;q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&amp;pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011 }}&lt;br /&gt;{{cite book |title=Philippines Country Study Guide |year=2007 |publisher=Int'l Business Publications |isbn=978-1-4330-3970-6 |page=111 }}&lt;br /&gt;[http://www.balitapinoy.net/philippine_cuisine.html &quot;Philippine Cuisine.&quot;] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110616135618/http://www.balitapinoy.net/philippine_cuisine.html |date=2011-06-16 }} [http://www.balitapinoy.net Balitapinoy.net] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723022526/http://www.balitapinoy.net/ |date=2011-07-23 }}. Retrieved July 2011.&lt;br /&gt;{{cite news|last=Morgolis|first=Jason|date=6 February 2014|title=Why is it so hard to find a good Filipino restaurant?|url=https://theworld.org/stories/2014/02/06/why-it-so-hard-find-good-filipino-restaurant|newspaper=Public Radio International|access-date=17 December 2014}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢᱤ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ===

ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ,&lt;ref&gt;[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27 }}, about.com&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Civitello2011&quot;&gt;{{cite book|last=Civitello|first=Linda|title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&amp;pg=PA267|access-date=4 June 2012|date=29 March 2011|publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons|isbn=978-0-470-40371-6|page=267}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱩᱯᱚᱱᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ===

[[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ]], [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ]], [[ᱠᱩᱦᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, [[ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱷ]], ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Gopalakrishnan2007&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Gopalakrishnan |first=T. R. |title=Vegetable Crops |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&amp;pg=PA209 |year=2007 |publisher=New India Publishing |isbn=978-81-89422-41-7 |pages=209–}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ]] ᱟᱜ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱪᱚᱨᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱫᱽ ᱩᱞᱞᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ ᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;star&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Al-Mahmood |first=Syed Zain |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm |title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]] |date=19 December 2008 |volume=7 |issue=49 |access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=autobio&gt;{{cite book |last=Lindsay |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Lindsay (Sylhet) |title=Lives of the Lindsays, or, A memoir of the House of Crawford and Balcarres |volume=4 |chapter=Anecdotes of an Indian life: Chapter VII |url=https://digital.nls.uk/95568541 |location=Wigan |publisher=C. S. Simms |page=99}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱚ ==

᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ (UN) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱑.᱗᱕ ᱠᱳᱴᱤ (17.5 million) [[ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ|ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ [[ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮ.ᱤ (UAE) ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ (USA) ᱨᱮ ᱒᱗ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱣᱫᱤ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱔ ᱞᱟᱠᱷ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;etdata1&quot;&gt;[https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/forex-and-remittance/with-78-billion-india-still-highest-overseas-remittance-receiver/articleshow/72271170.cms With $78 billion, India still highest overseas remittance receiver], ''The Economic Times'', 28 November 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |date=1 February 2006 |title=Curry |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |access-date=5 May 2010 |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ]]'' ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-date=May 27, 2008 |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ, [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]], ᱑᱘᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;BBC&quot;&gt;{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |access-date=21 March 2012 |publisher=[[BBC]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱓ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱤᱝᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱟᱨ [[ᱣᱮᱞᱥ]] ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱑᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱭᱩ.ᱠᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱐% ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ|ᱵᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite news |last=Akbar |first=Ahsan |date=2021-03-21 |title=From kala bhuna to shatkora curry – let's all get a taste for Bangladesh |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/21/from-kala-bhuna-to-shatkora-curry-lets-all-get-a-taste-for-bangladesh |access-date=2024-08-30 |newspaper=[[The Observer]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰᱥ ᱮᱡᱮᱱᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱓.᱒ ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ [[ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱞᱤᱝ|ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Food Standards Agency&amp;nbsp;– Curry factfile |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101014074850/http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2003/nov/curryfacts |archive-date=2010-10-14 |access-date=2019-11-29}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱐᱗ ᱨᱮ ''ᱫᱟ ᱣᱟᱥᱤᱝᱴᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱥᱴ'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱒᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |last=Bhide |first=Monica |date=24 January 2007 |title=Tikka in No Time |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/23/AR2007012300296_pf.html |access-date=4 June 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ&lt;ref name=&quot;vegvoyages.com&quot;&gt;{{cite web |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani &amp; Mee |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |archive-date=28 June 2009 |access-date=23 June 2009 |publisher=Veg Voyages}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |date=20 February 2007 |title=Indian food gains popularity during Chinese New Year |url=http://www.hindustandainik.com/news/181_1933405,001100020009.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081121145158/http://hindustandainik.com/news/181_1933405,001100020009.htm |archive-date=21 November 2008 |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last=Then |first=Viviane |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[Little India, Singapore|ᱞᱤᱴᱤᱞ ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱤᱭᱩᱡᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱵᱚᱦᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=About Food in Malaysia |url=http://www.travellersworldwide.com/11-malaysia/11-malaysia-food.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120621152707/http://www.travellersworldwide.com/11-malaysia/11-malaysia-food.htm |archive-date=21 June 2012 |access-date=1 July 2012 |publisher=Travellers Worldwide |df=dmy-all}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]᱾ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ श्रेय ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Corum2000&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Ann Kondo Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&amp;pg=PA174 |title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |date=1 May 2000 |publisher=Bess Press |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |pages=174– |access-date=4 June 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱳᱭᱮᱞ ᱣᱟᱞᱰᱯᱷᱳᱜᱮᱞ ᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ (ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ)᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ, ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ, ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ, ᱡᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱤ, ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Indiafood1&quot;&gt;[https://theprint.in/world/indian-food-fourth-most-popular-in-the-world-a-study-of-cuisine-trade-finds/283119/ Indian food fourth most popular in the world, a study of cuisine trade finds], [[ThePrint]], 29 August 2019.&lt;/ref&gt; ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱔ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱐ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱙᱓%), ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ (᱘᱔%), ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ (᱗᱗%), ᱱᱚᱨᱣᱮᱡᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱗᱕%), ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱗᱔%), ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ (᱗᱑%), ᱯᱷᱤᱱᱤᱥ (᱗᱑%), ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱗᱐%), ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ (᱔᱙%), ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ (᱔᱔%), ᱛᱷᱟᱭ (᱒᱗%) ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ (᱒᱖%) ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;asianage1&quot;&gt;[https://www.asianage.com/business/in-other-news/140319/indian-cuisine-ranks-among-worlds-top-10.html Indian cuisine ranks among world’s Top 10], [[Asian Age]], 14 March 2019.&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ,&lt;ref name=&quot;Mannur&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Anita Mannur |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&amp;pg=PA233 |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |publisher=Temple University Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233 |access-date=21 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Banerjee&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Himadri Banerjee |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cSTEOx_Lw9MC&amp;pg=PA132 |title=Calcutta Mosaic: Essays and Interviews on the Minority Communities of Calcutta |publisher=Anthem Press |year=2009 |isbn=978-81-905835-5-8 |page=132 |access-date=21 July 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Deshpande&quot;&gt;{{cite news |last=Deshpande |first=Shubada |date=25 October 1999 |title=Fare for the Desi Dragon |url=http://www.rediff.com/news/1999/oct/25us3.htm |access-date=2012-07-21 |work=[[Rediff.com]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ (ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ),&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Home |url=http://www.bestindianfoodcatering.com/ |website=Best Indian Food Catering}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ)᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Davidson&quot;&gt;{{cite book |author=Davidson, Alan |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor=Tom Jaine |edition=3rd |location=Oxford |pages=21–22}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 – National Library of Scotland |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |work=nls.uk |access-date=2019-11-29 |archive-date=2016-03-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093413/http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |url-status=dead }}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Roy |first1=Modhumita |date=7 August 2010 |title=Some Like It Hot: Class, Gender and Empire in the Making of Mulligatawny Soup |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=45 |issue=32 |pages=66–75 |jstor=20764390}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Cooking under the Raj |url=http://www.india-seminar.com/2006/566/566_david_housego.htm |access-date=30 January 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;200&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
Bhang eaters before two huts (6124556163).jpg|᱑᱗᱙᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱝ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱵᱷᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱜᱟᱸᱡᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite magazine |url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/httpmunchies-vice-comarticlesthe-bhang-lassi-is-how-hindus-drink-themselves-high-for-shiva/ |title=The Bhang Lassi Is How Hindus Drink Themselves High for Shiva |author=Staelens, Stefanie |magazine=Vice |access-date=August 10, 2017}}&lt;/ref&gt;
Nimmatnama-i Nasiruddin-Shahi 283.jpg|''ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ-ᱤ-ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽᱫᱤᱱ-ᱥᱟᱦᱤ'' ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]] ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾
Sweets 1.jpg|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱛᱚᱞ (᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ) ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ-ᱤ-ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨᱩᱫᱽᱫᱤᱱ-ᱥᱟᱦᱤ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ
&lt;/gallery&gt;
*

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ==
=== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ===
{{Reflist|group=note}}

=== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ===
{{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:History Of Indian Cuisine}}
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:17:32Z</timestamp>
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        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
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      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟ</comment>
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      <text bytes="40694" sha1="4l4qazbjrqqgv918odsnt00hnd5pe1r" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Spices1.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱳᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
[[File:Indianspicesherbs.jpg|thumb|ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]]]
[[File:Spices of Saúde flea market, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|thumb|[[ᱥᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱣᱞᱳ]], [[ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ]]

'''ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱝ]], [[ᱡᱚ]], [[ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ]] ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ|ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱢ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱚᱝ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ|ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Spice and herb {{!}} Types, Uses, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/spice-food |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=March 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307105809/https://www.britannica.com/topic/spice-food |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-102659-5.00048-3 |chapter=Vanilla |title=Medicinal Plants of South Asia |year=2020 |last1=Ahmad |first1=Hafsa |last2=Khera |first2=Rasheed Ahmad |last3=Hanif |first3=Muhammad Asif |last4=Ayub |first4=Muhammad Adnan |last5=Jilani |first5=Muhammad Idrees |pages=657–669 |isbn=978-0-08-102659-5 |s2cid=241855294 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ, ᱜᱚᱴᱟ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ, ᱨᱤᱫ, ᱜᱮᱫ, ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱚᱠ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ, ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱟᱫᱟ]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱚ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱳᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite journal| display-authors=3|last1=Vázquez-Fresno|first1=Rosa|last2=Rosana | first2=Albert Remus R. | last3=Sajed | first3=Tanvir | last4=Onookome-Okome | first4=Tuviere | last5=Wishart | first5=Noah A. | last6=Wishart | first6=David S.|title=Herbs and Spices - Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review|journal=Genes and Nutrition|volume=14|issue=18|doi=10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8|pmid=31143299|pmc=6532192|date=22 May 2019 |page=18 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗᱕% ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Spices Board |url=https://www.indianspices.com/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=www.indianspices.com |archive-date=July 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720220335/https://www.indianspices.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]], [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱰᱤᱢᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ==
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ: ''[[ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱰᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱰᱜᱽᱨᱳᱵᱷ (᱑᱙᱓᱓) ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱨᱟᱭᱡᱳᱢ]], [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]], [[ᱡᱚ]], [[ᱡᱟᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ]], ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ''ᱫᱟ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱩ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ'' ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ]] ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{Sfnp|Davidson|Jaine|2014|loc=spices}}

ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ: OED ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱩ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{Sfnp|Davidson|Jaine|2014|loc=spices}}

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ===
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱚᱛᱣᱚ|ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=Katherine M |title=Routledge International Handbook of Food Studies |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-78264-7 |editor-last=Albala |editor-first=Ken |editor-link=Ken Albala |location=Oxford &amp; New York |chapter=The archaeology of food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sidebotham2019&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Steven E. Sidebotham|title=Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw6LDwAAQBAJ|date=May 7, 2019|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-30338-6|access-date=April 13, 2019|archive-date=June 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630115408/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw6LDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ᱾ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱢᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

᱑᱗᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾{{refn |group=note |ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱒᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱑᱕᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱵᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱘᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Food and Culture|last=Woodward|first=Penny|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=2003|editor-last=Katz|volume=2|pages=187–195|chapter=Herbs and Spices}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Sonal Dubey |title=Indian Spices and their medicinal value |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320247387 |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research |date=2017 |volume=51 |issue=3s2 |pages=s330–s332 |access-date=27 July 2025 |doi=10.5530/ijper.51.3s.41 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱞᱮᱠᱡᱟᱱᱰᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱢᱳᱣᱥᱩᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱭ]] (᱔᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ-ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=ABCp14/&gt;

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱳᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱤ ᱮᱞᱰᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Duke 2002 p. 7&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Duke |first=J.A. |title=CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices |publisher=CRC Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-4200-4048-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPTLBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7 |access-date=May 9, 2017 |page=7 |archive-date=June 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630115408/https://books.google.com/books?id=vPTLBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ===
[[File:Le livre des merveilles de Marco Polo-pepper.jpg|thumb|ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱯᱳᱞᱳ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ᱾]]
[[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ]], [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ]], [[ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱣᱢᱳᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱦᱤᱣᱢᱚᱨ&quot; ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Linda Civitello|title=Cuisine and culture: a history of food and people|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2007|isbn=0-471-74172-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ===
[[ᱥᱯᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱽᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱱᱟᱵᱤᱠ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱳ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱑᱔᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Gantzer | first = Hugh | last2 = Gantzer | first2 = Colleen | year = 2014 | title = SpiceStory | publisher = Spices Board of India | isbn = 9789383098385 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱚᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

[[ᱟᱯᱷᱳᱱᱥᱳ ᱫᱮ ᱟᱞᱵᱩᱠᱟᱨᱠ]] (᱑᱔᱕᱓–᱑᱕᱑᱕) ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ]] ᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱳᱪᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱚᱞᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ]], [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱳᱠᱞᱮᱴ]]᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mariners Weather Log Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2008 |url=https://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/dec_08/great_exchange.shtml |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=www.vos.noaa.gov |archive-date=September 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928045812/https://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/dec_08/great_exchange.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
[[File:Common Indian spices.jpg|thumb|ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ, ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱝ]]
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ|ᱥᱚ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ]] ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dennett |first=Carrie |date=January 26, 2017 |title=How a full spice cabinet can keep you healthy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/spices-and-herbs-do-more-than-add-flavor-to-food--they-are-nutritional-powerhouses/2017/01/25/79dbedb4-e24c-11e6-a453-19ec4b3d09ba_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208195529/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/spices-and-herbs-do-more-than-add-flavor-to-food--they-are-nutritional-powerhouses/2017/01/25/79dbedb4-e24c-11e6-a453-19ec4b3d09ba_story.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯ]] ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;&gt;Paul Freedman, ''Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination'', 2008, {{isbn|9780300151350}}, p. 2-3&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ===
{{quote box|align=right|width=35%|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ... ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;/&gt;}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ|ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ, [[ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ]], [[ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ|ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ]], [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;/&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;krondl&quot;&gt;Michael Krondl, ''The Taste of Conquest'', 2007, {{isbn|9780345480835}}, p. 6&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
{{see also|Outline of herbs and spices}}
[[File:Indian spices with labels (garam masala components) (49684333301).jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]]]

=== ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

=== ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ===
{{Div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[ᱡᱟᱝ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ]], [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]]
* [[ᱡᱚ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ|ᱠᱮᱭᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ]]
* [[ᱮᱨᱤᱞ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱭᱛᱨᱤ]] (ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ)
* [[ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱨ / ᱥᱴᱤᱜᱽᱢᱟ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ]]
* [[ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱭᱡᱳᱢ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ]]
* [[ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ / ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱱ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱝ]]
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=== ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

{{Div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[ᱟᱫᱽᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮ]] ([[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]])
* [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱛ]] ([[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]])
* [[ᱵᱮᱨᱵᱮᱨᱮ]] ([[ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱨᱤᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱭᱟᱡᱤ]] ([[ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱵᱩᱢᱵᱩ]] ([[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱠᱮᱡᱩᱱ]] ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱪᱟᱴ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ([[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]])
* [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ]]
* [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱣᱰᱟᱨ]]
* [[Five-spice powder|ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ-ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱣᱰᱟᱨ]] ([[ᱪᱤᱱ]])
* [[ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ)
* [[ᱦᱟᱨᱤᱥᱟ]] ([[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ]] ([[ᱭᱮᱢᱮᱱ]])
* [[ᱡᱟᱨᱠ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ([[ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱠᱷᱢᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱮᱞᱤ]] ([[ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ)
* [[ᱢᱤᱠᱥᱰ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ([[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ]])
* [[ᱯᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱲᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ)
* [[ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]])
* [[ᱠᱟᱛᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱥ]] ([[ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ]])
* [[ᱨᱟᱥ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱱᱩᱛ]] ([[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱳᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱥᱤᱪᱤᱢᱤ]] ([[ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]])
* [[ᱥᱯᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱥ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱞᱡᱤᱭᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]])
* ᱛᱷᱩᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟ ([[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱮᱴᱟ]] ([[ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱡᱟᱛᱟᱨ]] ([[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ]])
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== ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
[[File:Spice-shelf.jpg|thumb|upright=1.00|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱠ]]

{{Anchor|Ground spices}}

[[File:Peugeot pepper mill.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.50|ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱞ]]
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ|ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱦᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱞᱮᱱ, ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱᱰᱟᱨ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱰ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱰᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱱ᱾&lt;ref name=GE714&gt;{{Cite episode |title=Spice Capades |episode-link=List of Good Eats episodes#Season 7 |series=Good Eats |series-link=Good Eats |credits=Host: [[Alton Brown]] |network=Food Network |airdate=January 14, 2004 |season=7 |number=14 |ref=GE714}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ᱾

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ|ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=GE714/&gt;

=== ᱥᱟᱞᱢᱳᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ===
᱒᱐᱐᱗–᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱗% ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱥᱟᱞᱢᱳᱱᱮᱞᱟ]]'' ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Van Dorena|first=Jane M.|author2=Daria Kleinmeiera|author3=Thomas S. Hammack|author4=Ann Westerman|title=Prevalence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in imported shipments of spice offered for entry to the United States, FY2007–FY2009|journal=Food Microbiology|date=June 2013|volume=34|issue=2|pages=239–251|doi=10.1016/j.fm.2012.10.002|pmid=23541190|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258953|access-date=June 16, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱦᱮᱛᱩ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱢᱳᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=NYT82713&gt;{{cite news |title=Salmonella in Spices Prompts Changes in Farming |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/world/asia/farmers-change-over-spices-link-to-food-ills.html |access-date=August 28, 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 27, 2013 |author=Gardiner Harris }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱰᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs and spices.|year = 2003|pmid = 12568551|last1 = Calucci|first1 = L.|last2 = Pinzino|first2 = C.|last3 = Zandomeneghi|first3 = M.|last4 = Capocchi|first4 = A.|last5 = Ghiringhelli|first5 = S.|last6 = Saviozzi|first6 = F.|last7 = Tozzi|first7 = S.|last8 = Galleschi|first8 = L.|journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|volume = 51|issue = 4|pages = 927–34|doi = 10.1021/jf020739n | bibcode=2003JAFC...51..927C }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ==
[[File:Spices in an Indian market.jpg|thumb|right|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:left&quot;
|+ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ &lt;br /&gt;(ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ)
!ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
!ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
!᱒᱐᱑᱐
!᱒᱐᱑᱑
|-
| ᱑ || ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ || ᱑,᱔᱗᱔,᱙᱐᱐ || ᱑,᱕᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱐
|-
| ᱒ || ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ || ᱑᱒᱘,᱕᱑᱗ || ᱑᱓᱙,᱗᱗᱕
|-
| ᱓ || ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ || ᱑᱐᱗,᱐᱐᱐ || ᱑᱑᱓,᱗᱘᱓
|-
| ᱔ || ᱪᱤᱱ || ᱙᱐,᱐᱐᱐ || ᱙᱕,᱘᱙᱐
|-
| ᱕ || ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ || ᱕᱓,᱖᱔᱗ || ᱕᱓,᱖᱒᱐
|-
| ᱖ || ᱤᱨᱟᱱ || ᱑᱘,᱐᱒᱘ || ᱒᱑,᱓᱐᱗
|-
| ᱗ || ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ || ᱒᱐,᱓᱖᱐ || ᱒᱐,᱙᱐᱕
|-
| ᱘ || ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ || ᱑᱖,᱙᱙᱘ || ᱑᱙,᱓᱗᱘
|-
| ᱙ || ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ || ᱒᱗,᱑᱒᱒ || ᱑᱗,᱙᱐᱕
|-
| ᱑᱐ || ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ || ᱘,᱒᱙᱓ || ᱘,᱔᱓᱘
|- bgcolor=&quot;#cccccc&quot;
| — || ''[[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ]]'' || ᱑,᱙᱙᱕,᱕᱒᱓ || ᱒,᱐᱖᱓,᱔᱗᱒
|-
|colspan=4 | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ: [[FAO|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (FAO)]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx |publisher=[[FAO|UN Food &amp; Agriculture Organization]] |title=Production of Spice by countries |year=2011 |access-date=December 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713020710/http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx |archive-date=July 13, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{{Clear}}

== ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ==
[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ|ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[International Classification for Standards|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱖᱗.᱒᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |website=[[International Organization for Standardization]] |title=67.220: Spices and condiments. Food additives |year=2009 |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&amp;ICS2=220&amp;development=on |access-date=April 23, 2009 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606151414/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&amp;ICS2=220&amp;development=on |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Gato negro.jpg|''ᱜᱟᱛᱳ ᱱᱮᱜᱽᱨᱳ'' ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ([[ᱵᱩᱭᱱᱟᱥ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱥ]], ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ)
File:Spice shop, Mashad, Iran.jpg|ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
File:Night Spice market in Casablanca.JPG|ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱵᱽᱞᱟᱝᱠᱟ, ᱢᱳᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
File:Taliparamba Market.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱵᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
File:Taliparamba grocery.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ
File:Spice seller, Kashgar market.jpg|[[ᱠᱟᱥᱜᱚᱨ]], ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡ
File:Spice Market, Marakech (2242330035).jpg|[[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱠᱮᱥ]], ᱢᱳᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ
File:Spices, Pakistan Bahawalpur.jpg|[[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=Alan |author-link1=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |last2=Jaine |first2=Tom |author-link2=Tom Jaine |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=9780191756276 |edition=3rd}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
=== ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ===
* {{cite book |last=Czarra |first=Fred |year=2009 |title=Spices: A Global History|url=https://archive.org/details/spicesglobalhist0000czar |url-access=registration |publisher=Reaktion Books |page=128 |isbn=978-1-86189-426-7|access-date=2026-04-01 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dalby |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Dalby |year=2000 |title=Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-23674-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Freedman |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Freedman |year=2008 |title=Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21131-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Keay |first=John |author-link=John Keay |year=2006 |title=The Spice Route: A History |publisher=John Murray |isbn=978-0-7195-6199-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Miller |first=James Innes |year=1969 |title=The spice trade of the Roman Empire, 29 B.C. to A.D. 641 |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon P. |isbn=978-0-19-814264-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Morton |first=Timothy |title=The Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-02666-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Seidemann |first=Johannes |year=2005 |title=World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-22279-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Turner |first=Jack |author-link=Jack Turner (writer) |year=2004 |title=Spice: The History of a Temptation |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0-375-40721-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/spicehistoryofte00turn_0 |access-date=2026-04-01 }}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>4l4qazbjrqqgv918odsnt00hnd5pe1r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>199213</id>
      <parentid>199189</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T09:12:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ */ When I create that article, at that time I will add</comment>
      <origin>199213</origin>
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      <text bytes="40653" sha1="outgfhshy8246kkke0ebcynkp3xqtbf" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Spices1.jpg|thumb|[[ᱢᱳᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱜᱟᱫᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
[[File:Indianspicesherbs.jpg|thumb|ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]]]
[[File:Spices of Saúde flea market, São Paulo, Brazil.jpg|thumb|[[ᱥᱟᱣ ᱯᱟᱣᱞᱳ]], [[ᱵᱽᱨᱟᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ]]

'''ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱡᱟᱝ]], [[ᱡᱚ]], [[ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ]] ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ]] ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ|ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱢ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱚᱝ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ|ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱱ]], [[ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |date=2024-03-08 |title=Spice and herb {{!}} Types, Uses, &amp; Facts {{!}} Britannica |url=https://www.britannica.com/topic/spice-food |access-date=2024-04-09 |website=www.britannica.com |language=en |archive-date=March 7, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240307105809/https://www.britannica.com/topic/spice-food |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book |doi=10.1016/B978-0-08-102659-5.00048-3 |chapter=Vanilla |title=Medicinal Plants of South Asia |year=2020 |last1=Ahmad |first1=Hafsa |last2=Khera |first2=Rasheed Ahmad |last3=Hanif |first3=Muhammad Asif |last4=Ayub |first4=Muhammad Adnan |last5=Jilani |first5=Muhammad Idrees |pages=657–669 |isbn=978-0-08-102659-5 |s2cid=241855294 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ, ᱜᱚᱴᱟ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ, ᱨᱤᱫ, ᱜᱮᱫ, ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱟᱨᱚᱠ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ, ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱤᱴᱠᱟᱹᱣ᱾ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱨᱚᱪ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱟᱫᱟ]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱚ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱟᱯᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱳᱞᱤᱯᱷᱮᱱᱳᱞ]] ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{cite journal| display-authors=3|last1=Vázquez-Fresno|first1=Rosa|last2=Rosana | first2=Albert Remus R. | last3=Sajed | first3=Tanvir | last4=Onookome-Okome | first4=Tuviere | last5=Wishart | first5=Noah A. | last6=Wishart | first6=David S.|title=Herbs and Spices - Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review|journal=Genes and Nutrition|volume=14|issue=18|doi=10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8|pmid=31143299|pmc=6532192|date=22 May 2019 |page=18 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗᱕% ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Spices Board |url=https://www.indianspices.com/ |access-date=2024-07-20 |website=www.indianspices.com |archive-date=July 20, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240720220335/https://www.indianspices.com/ |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱚᱞᱚᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]], [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱰᱤᱢᱟᱱᱰ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱞᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾

== ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ==
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ: ''[[ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱰᱤᱠᱥᱚᱱᱟᱨᱤ]]'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱰᱜᱽᱨᱳᱵᱷ (᱑᱙᱓᱓) ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ]], [[ᱨᱟᱭᱡᱳᱢ]], [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟ]], [[ᱡᱚ]], [[ᱡᱟᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ]], ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ''ᱫᱟ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱩ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ'' ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱮᱢᱵᱟᱨᱜᱽᱨᱤᱥ]] ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{Sfnp|Davidson|Jaine|2014|loc=spices}}

ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ: OED ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱱᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱴᱩ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ &quot;ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ&quot; ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{Sfnp|Davidson|Jaine|2014|loc=spices}}

== ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ==

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ ===
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱚᱛᱣᱚ|ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱛᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱸᱫᱽ]] ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book |last=Moore |first=Katherine M |title=Routledge International Handbook of Food Studies |publisher=[[Routledge]] |year=2013 |isbn=978-0-415-78264-7 |editor-last=Albala |editor-first=Ken |editor-link=Ken Albala |location=Oxford &amp; New York |chapter=The archaeology of food}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Sidebotham2019&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Steven E. Sidebotham|title=Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw6LDwAAQBAJ|date=May 7, 2019|publisher=Univ of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-30338-6|access-date=April 13, 2019|archive-date=June 30, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630115408/https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw6LDwAAQBAJ|url-status=live}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ]] ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ᱾ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱢᱤ]] ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾

᱑᱗᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾{{refn |group=note |ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱗᱒᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱳᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾}} ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ, ᱪᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱑᱕᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱮᱵᱟᱨᱥ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱭᱨᱟᱥ]] ᱨᱮ ᱘᱐᱐ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱬ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Food and Culture|last=Woodward|first=Penny|publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons|year=2003|editor-last=Katz|volume=2|pages=187–195|chapter=Herbs and Spices}}&lt;/ref&gt;

᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱪᱤᱱ]], [[ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |author1=Sonal Dubey |title=Indian Spices and their medicinal value |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320247387 |journal=Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research |date=2017 |volume=51 |issue=3s2 |pages=s330–s332 |access-date=27 July 2025 |doi=10.5530/ijper.51.3s.41 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱤᱱ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱟᱬᱟ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱟᱞᱮᱠᱡᱟᱱᱰᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱢᱳᱣᱥᱩᱢᱤ ᱦᱚᱭ]] (᱔᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱡᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ-ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=ABCp14/&gt;

ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱳᱢ]] ᱨᱮ ᱯᱞᱤᱱᱤ ᱫᱤ ᱮᱞᱰᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Duke 2002 p. 7&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last=Duke |first=J.A. |title=CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices |publisher=CRC Press |year=2002 |isbn=978-1-4200-4048-7 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vPTLBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7 |access-date=May 9, 2017 |page=7 |archive-date=June 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230630115408/https://books.google.com/books?id=vPTLBQAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA7 |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ===
[[File:Le livre des merveilles de Marco Polo-pepper.jpg|thumb|ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱩᱢᱟᱹᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ, ᱢᱟᱨᱠᱳ ᱯᱳᱞᱳ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱸᱪ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ᱾]]
[[ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱡᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ]], [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ]], [[ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱣᱢᱳᱨᱤᱡᱚᱢ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ &quot;ᱦᱤᱣᱢᱚᱨ&quot; ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|author=Linda Civitello|title=Cuisine and culture: a history of food and people|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|year=2007|isbn=0-471-74172-8}}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱪᱷᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ ᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot; /&gt;

=== ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱱᱟᱦᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ===
[[ᱥᱯᱮᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱬᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱵᱽᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱱᱟᱵᱤᱠ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱳ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ]] ᱑᱔᱙᱙ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Gantzer | first = Hugh | last2 = Gantzer | first2 = Colleen | year = 2014 | title = SpiceStory | publisher = Spices Board of India | isbn = 9789383098385 }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟ ᱜᱟᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱣ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ [[ᱠᱨᱤᱥᱴᱳᱯᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱚᱥ]] ᱦᱚᱸ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱣᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

[[ᱟᱯᱷᱳᱱᱥᱳ ᱫᱮ ᱟᱞᱵᱩᱠᱟᱨᱠ]] (᱑᱔᱕᱓–᱑᱕᱑᱕) ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱑᱕᱑᱑ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱟᱠᱠᱟ]] ᱮ ᱫᱚᱠᱷᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱞᱮᱱᱰ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱳᱪᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱟ᱾

ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱚᱞᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ]], [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱤᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱳᱠᱞᱮᱴ]]᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱵᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=Mariners Weather Log Vol. 52, No. 3, December 2008 |url=https://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/dec_08/great_exchange.shtml |access-date=2024-10-07 |website=www.vos.noaa.gov |archive-date=September 28, 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240928045812/https://www.vos.noaa.gov/MWL/dec_08/great_exchange.shtml |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
[[File:Common Indian spices.jpg|thumb|ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ, ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ, ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱝ]]
ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ|ᱥᱚ-ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ]] ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite news |last=Dennett |first=Carrie |date=January 26, 2017 |title=How a full spice cabinet can keep you healthy |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/spices-and-herbs-do-more-than-add-flavor-to-food--they-are-nutritional-powerhouses/2017/01/25/79dbedb4-e24c-11e6-a453-19ec4b3d09ba_story.html |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 12, 2022 |archive-date=February 8, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208195529/https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/wellness/spices-and-herbs-do-more-than-add-flavor-to-food--they-are-nutritional-powerhouses/2017/01/25/79dbedb4-e24c-11e6-a453-19ec4b3d09ba_story.html |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱷᱩᱯ]] ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱚᱪᱚᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱨᱟᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱤᱥᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;&gt;Paul Freedman, ''Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination'', 2008, {{isbn|9780300151350}}, p. 2-3&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱹᱵᱤ ===
{{quote box|align=right|width=35%|ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱩᱡᱷᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ... ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱟ, ᱩᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;/&gt;}}
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ|ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱭᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱩᱠᱩ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱨᱮ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;/&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱲᱮ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱛᱮᱫᱚ, [[ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ]], [[ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ|ᱫᱷᱩᱶᱟᱹ ᱮᱢ]], [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱑᱕ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱠᱥᱯᱷᱚᱨᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱣᱩᱸᱰ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;freedman&quot;/&gt; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;krondl&quot;&gt;Michael Krondl, ''The Taste of Conquest'', 2007, {{isbn|9780345480835}}, p. 6&lt;/ref&gt;
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== ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
[[File:Indian spices with labels (garam masala components) (49684333301).jpg|thumb|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]]]

=== ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

=== ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱛᱮ ===
{{Div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[ᱡᱟᱝ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ]], [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]], [[ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ]], ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]]
* [[ᱡᱚ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ|ᱠᱮᱭᱮᱱ ᱯᱮᱯᱟᱨ]]
* [[ᱮᱨᱤᱞ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱡᱟᱭᱛᱨᱤ]] (ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ)
* [[ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ|ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]]
* [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱟᱨ / ᱥᱴᱤᱜᱽᱢᱟ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ]]
* [[ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱭᱡᱳᱢ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞ]]
* [[ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ / ᱨᱮᱡᱤᱱ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱦᱤᱝ]]
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=== ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ===

{{Div col|colwidth=28em}}
* [[ᱟᱫᱽᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮ]] ([[ᱤᱨᱟᱱ]])
* [[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟᱛ]] ([[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]])
* [[ᱵᱮᱨᱵᱮᱨᱮ]] ([[ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱤᱨᱤᱴᱨᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱭᱟᱡᱤ]] ([[ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱵᱩᱢᱵᱩ]] ([[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱠᱮᱡᱩᱱ]] ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱪᱟᱴ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ([[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]])
* [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ]]
* [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱣᱰᱟᱨ]]
* [[Five-spice powder|ᱯᱷᱟᱭᱤᱵᱽ-ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱣᱰᱟᱨ]] ([[ᱪᱤᱱ]])
* [[ᱜᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ)
* [[ᱦᱟᱨᱤᱥᱟ]] ([[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ]] ([[ᱭᱮᱢᱮᱱ]])
* [[ᱡᱟᱨᱠ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ([[ᱡᱟᱢᱟᱭᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱠᱷᱢᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱮᱞᱤ]] ([[ᱡᱚᱨᱡᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ)
* [[ᱢᱤᱠᱥᱰ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ([[ᱭᱩᱱᱟᱭᱴᱮᱰ ᱠᱤᱝᱰᱚᱢ]])
* [[ᱯᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱲᱚᱱ]] (ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ)
* [[ᱯᱟᱢᱯᱠᱤᱱ ᱯᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱯᱟᱭᱤᱥ]] ([[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]])
* [[ᱠᱟᱛᱨᱮ ᱮᱯᱤᱥ]] ([[ᱯᱷᱨᱟᱱᱥ]])
* [[ᱨᱟᱥ ᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱱᱩᱛ]] ([[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱥᱟᱨᱮᱱᱟ ᱥᱳᱞ]] ([[ᱵᱩᱞᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱥᱤᱪᱤᱢᱤ]] ([[ᱡᱟᱯᱟᱱ]])
* [[ᱥᱯᱮᱠᱩᱞᱟᱥ]] ([[ᱵᱮᱞᱡᱤᱭᱟᱢ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱮᱫᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ]])
* ᱛᱷᱩᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱟ ([[ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ]])
* [[ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱮᱴᱟ]] ([[ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]])
* [[ᱡᱟᱛᱟᱨ]] ([[ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ]])
{{Div col end}}

== ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ==
[[File:Spice-shelf.jpg|thumb|upright=1.00|ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱨᱮᱠ]]

{{Anchor|Ground spices}}

[[File:Peugeot pepper mill.jpg|thumb|left|upright=.50|ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱞ]]
ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ|ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱦᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱨᱳᱯᱞᱮᱱ, ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱴᱟᱨ, ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱᱰᱟᱨ᱾ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱦᱮᱸᱰ ᱜᱽᱨᱟᱭᱤᱱᱰᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱰᱟᱭᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱪᱟᱸᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱱ᱾&lt;ref name=GE714&gt;{{Cite episode |title=Spice Capades |episode-link=List of Good Eats episodes#Season 7 |series=Good Eats |series-link=Good Eats |credits=Host: [[Alton Brown]] |network=Food Network |airdate=January 14, 2004 |season=7 |number=14 |ref=GE714}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤᱭᱟ᱾

ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱥᱮ ᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱞᱟᱹᱣᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱱᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱞᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱡᱟᱹᱲᱤ-ᱵᱩᱴᱤ|ᱛᱟᱥᱟᱫ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=GE714/&gt;

=== ᱥᱟᱞᱢᱳᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱵᱮᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ===
᱒᱐᱐᱗–᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱯᱷ.ᱰᱤ.ᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱗% ᱜᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱥᱟᱞᱢᱳᱱᱮᱞᱟ]]'' ᱵᱮᱠᱴᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal|last=Van Dorena|first=Jane M.|author2=Daria Kleinmeiera|author3=Thomas S. Hammack|author4=Ann Westerman|title=Prevalence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella in imported shipments of spice offered for entry to the United States, FY2007–FY2009|journal=Food Microbiology|date=June 2013|volume=34|issue=2|pages=239–251|doi=10.1016/j.fm.2012.10.002|pmid=23541190|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1258953|access-date=June 16, 2019}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱡᱮᱦᱮᱛᱩ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱞᱢᱳᱱᱮᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾ ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱳ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=NYT82713&gt;{{cite news |title=Salmonella in Spices Prompts Changes in Farming |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/28/world/asia/farmers-change-over-spices-link-to-food-ills.html |access-date=August 28, 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 27, 2013 |author=Gardiner Harris }}&lt;/ref&gt; [[ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱰᱤᱭᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱛᱚᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal|title=Effects of gamma-irradiation on the free radical and antioxidant contents in nine aromatic herbs and spices.|year = 2003|pmid = 12568551|last1 = Calucci|first1 = L.|last2 = Pinzino|first2 = C.|last3 = Zandomeneghi|first3 = M.|last4 = Capocchi|first4 = A.|last5 = Ghiringhelli|first5 = S.|last6 = Saviozzi|first6 = F.|last7 = Tozzi|first7 = S.|last8 = Galleschi|first8 = L.|journal = Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry|volume = 51|issue = 4|pages = 927–34|doi = 10.1021/jf020739n | bibcode=2003JAFC...51..927C }}&lt;/ref&gt;
{{clear}}

== ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ==
[[File:Spices in an Indian market.jpg|thumb|right|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]]
{| class=&quot;sortable wikitable&quot; style=&quot;float:left&quot;
|+ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ &lt;br /&gt;(ᱢᱮᱴᱨᱤᱠ ᱴᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ)
!ᱴᱷᱟᱶ
!ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ
!᱒᱐᱑᱐
!᱒᱐᱑᱑
|-
| ᱑ || ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ || ᱑,᱔᱗᱔,᱙᱐᱐ || ᱑,᱕᱒᱕,᱐᱐᱐
|-
| ᱒ || ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ || ᱑᱒᱘,᱕᱑᱗ || ᱑᱓᱙,᱗᱗᱕
|-
| ᱓ || ᱛᱩᱨᱠᱤ || ᱑᱐᱗,᱐᱐᱐ || ᱑᱑᱓,᱗᱘᱓
|-
| ᱔ || ᱪᱤᱱ || ᱙᱐,᱐᱐᱐ || ᱙᱕,᱘᱙᱐
|-
| ᱕ || ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ || ᱕᱓,᱖᱔᱗ || ᱕᱓,᱖᱒᱐
|-
| ᱖ || ᱤᱨᱟᱱ || ᱑᱘,᱐᱒᱘ || ᱒᱑,᱓᱐᱗
|-
| ᱗ || ᱱᱮᱯᱟᱲ || ᱒᱐,᱓᱖᱐ || ᱒᱐,᱙᱐᱕
|-
| ᱘ || ᱠᱚᱞᱚᱢᱵᱤᱭᱟ || ᱑᱖,᱙᱙᱘ || ᱑᱙,᱓᱗᱘
|-
| ᱙ || ᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱳᱯᱤᱭᱟ || ᱒᱗,᱑᱒᱒ || ᱑᱗,᱙᱐᱕
|-
| ᱑᱐ || ᱥᱨᱤᱞᱚᱝᱠᱟ || ᱘,᱒᱙᱓ || ᱘,᱔᱓᱘
|- bgcolor=&quot;#cccccc&quot;
| — || ''[[ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ]]'' || ᱑,᱙᱙᱕,᱕᱒᱓ || ᱒,᱐᱖᱓,᱔᱗᱒
|-
|colspan=4 | ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ: [[FAO|ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (FAO)]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx |publisher=[[FAO|UN Food &amp; Agriculture Organization]] |title=Production of Spice by countries |year=2011 |access-date=December 20, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713020710/http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx |archive-date=July 13, 2011 }}&lt;/ref&gt;
|}
{{Clear}}

== ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ==
[[ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠᱤᱠᱚᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱱᱟ|ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[International Classification for Standards|ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱱᱚᱠ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ]] ᱖᱗.᱒᱒᱐ ᱥᱤᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱭ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |website=[[International Organization for Standardization]] |title=67.220: Spices and condiments. Food additives |year=2009 |url=http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&amp;ICS2=220&amp;development=on |access-date=April 23, 2009 |archive-date=June 6, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606151414/http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_ics/catalogue_ics_browse.htm?ICS1=67&amp;ICS2=220&amp;development=on |url-status=live }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Gato negro.jpg|''ᱜᱟᱛᱳ ᱱᱮᱜᱽᱨᱳ'' ᱠᱮᱯᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ([[ᱵᱩᱭᱱᱟᱥ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱥ]], ᱟᱨᱡᱮᱱᱴᱤᱱᱟ)
File:Spice shop, Mashad, Iran.jpg|ᱤᱨᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
File:Night Spice market in Casablanca.JPG|ᱠᱟᱥᱟᱵᱽᱞᱟᱝᱠᱟ, ᱢᱳᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
File:Taliparamba Market.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱵᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
File:Taliparamba grocery.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱤᱯᱟᱨᱟᱢᱵᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ
File:Spice seller, Kashgar market.jpg|[[ᱠᱟᱥᱜᱚᱨ]], ᱪᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱤᱡ
File:Spice Market, Marakech (2242330035).jpg|[[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱠᱮᱥ]], ᱢᱳᱨᱳᱠᱠᱳ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ
File:Spices, Pakistan Bahawalpur.jpg|[[ᱵᱟᱦᱟᱣᱟᱞᱯᱩᱨ]], ᱯᱟᱠᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist|group=note}}
{{Notelist}}

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist}}

== ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
* {{Cite book |last1=Davidson |first1=Alan |author-link1=Alan Davidson (food writer) |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |last2=Jaine |first2=Tom |author-link2=Tom Jaine |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=9780191756276 |edition=3rd}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
=== ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ===
* {{cite book |last=Czarra |first=Fred |year=2009 |title=Spices: A Global History|url=https://archive.org/details/spicesglobalhist0000czar |url-access=registration |publisher=Reaktion Books |page=128 |isbn=978-1-86189-426-7|access-date=2026-04-01 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dalby |first=Andrew |author-link=Andrew Dalby |year=2000 |title=Dangerous Tastes: The Story of Spices |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=978-0-520-23674-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Freedman |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Freedman |year=2008 |title=Out of the East: Spices and the Medieval Imagination |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0-300-21131-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Keay |first=John |author-link=John Keay |year=2006 |title=The Spice Route: A History |publisher=John Murray |isbn=978-0-7195-6199-3}}
* {{cite book |last=Miller |first=James Innes |year=1969 |title=The spice trade of the Roman Empire, 29 B.C. to A.D. 641 |location=Oxford |publisher=Clarendon P. |isbn=978-0-19-814264-5}}
* {{cite book |last=Morton |first=Timothy |title=The Poetics of Spice: Romantic Consumerism and the Exotic |year=2006 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-02666-6}}
* {{cite book |last=Seidemann |first=Johannes |year=2005 |title=World Spice Plants: Economic Usage, Botany, Taxonomy |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-3-540-22279-8}}
* {{cite book |last=Turner |first=Jack |author-link=Jack Turner (writer) |year=2004 |title=Spice: The History of a Temptation |publisher=Knopf |isbn=978-0-375-40721-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/spicehistoryofte00turn_0 |access-date=2026-04-01 }}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==

[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ| ]]
[[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱟᱨᱮ-ᱱᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ]]</text>
      <sha1>outgfhshy8246kkke0ebcynkp3xqtbf</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱨᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱛ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>38287</id>
    <redirect title="ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ" />
    <revision>
      <id>199196</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:38:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱡ [[ᱨᱟᱜᱽᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱛ]] ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ]] ᱧᱤᱛᱩᱢᱨᱮ ᱩᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ</comment>
      <origin>199196</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="48" sha1="9ivy4xyn5dz8plkmehlcoxnotfckdzj" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[ᱨᱟᱜᱷᱵᱷᱤ ᱵᱤᱥᱴ]]</text>
      <sha1>9ivy4xyn5dz8plkmehlcoxnotfckdzj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:M</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>38288</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199206</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:53:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{replace| &lt;!-- M: 2019-07-08 --&gt; {{#if:{{{1|}}} &lt;!-- [-&gt;end-if#1 --&gt;  |&lt;!-- Has a non-empty parameter: --&gt;   {{#switch: {{{1|}}}&lt;!-- [-&gt;end-switch (outer) --&gt;     &lt;!-- ------------------------------------ --&gt;     | Magnitude  | magnitude = [[Seismic magnitude scales|{{{1|}}}]]&lt;!-- No need to categorize common usage. --&gt;     | M = [[Seismic magnitude scales|M]] {{Main other|Category:Articles using abbreviated ca...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199206</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14004" sha1="nehllgddme3csq8kbor20200t1m57kb" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{replace|
&lt;!-- M: 2019-07-08 --&gt;
{{#if:{{{1|}}} &lt;!-- [-&gt;end-if#1 --&gt;
 |&lt;!-- Has a non-empty parameter: --&gt;
  {{#switch: {{{1|}}}&lt;!-- [-&gt;end-switch (outer) --&gt;
    &lt;!-- ------------------------------------ --&gt;
    | Magnitude  | magnitude = [[Seismic magnitude scales|{{{1|}}}]]&lt;!-- No need to categorize common usage. --&gt;
    | M = [[Seismic magnitude scales|M]] {{Main other|[[Category:Articles using abbreviated captions for seismic magnitude]]}}&lt;!-- but not for &quot;m&quot; --&gt;
    | Mag | Mag. | mag |mag. = [[Seismic magnitude scales|Mag.]] {{Main other|[[Category:Articles using abbreviated captions for seismic magnitude]]}}
    &lt;!-- ------------------------------------ --&gt;
    |&lt;!-- Not a special case. DEFAULT: run the course. --&gt;
&lt;!-- Big switch statement of magnitude types starts here: --&gt;
{{#switch: {{lc: {{{1}}}}} &lt;!-- [-&gt;end-switch (inner) --&gt;

&lt;!-- These first several cases are for preliminary or dubious cases.
  They use {H:title} that creates the dotted underscore
  to indicate they are doubtful and require attention. --&gt;
&lt;!-- &amp;#8239; is a non-breaking thin-space --&gt;

&lt;!-- Unknown mag. scale --&gt;
|  ? = {{tooltip|2=Unknown mag. scale|M}}
{{Main other|[[Category:Articles with unspecified earthquake magnitude and/or scale]]}}
&lt;!-- That's the &quot;Main_other&quot; template. Not &quot;Main&quot;. --&gt;

&lt;!-- Scale/mag. questioned --&gt;
| ?? = {{tooltip|2=Scale/mag. questioned|M}}
{{Main other|[[Category:Articles with unverified magnitude and/or scale]]}}

&lt;!-- &quot;Richter&quot; questioned --&gt;
| r? = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#ML|{{tooltip|2=Richter mag. scale|M|dotted=no}}]]
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using dubious Richter magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- ---------------------------------------------------
  Section numbers refer to MNSOP-2 Chapter 3, and/or 
  IASPEI/MNSOP-2 Information Sheet 3.
  --&gt;
&lt;!-- Source says &quot;unknown&quot;. --&gt;
| uk | unk | ukn | unknown  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Muk|{{tooltip|2=Unknown mag. scale|M&lt;sub&gt;uk&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;uk&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Muk magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §4.1 Local (&quot;Richter&quot;) mag. --&gt;
| l  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#ML|{{tooltip|2='Local' mag. scale|M&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;L&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using ML magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.4.7 JMA --&gt;
| jma | j  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mjma|{{tooltip|2=JMA mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;JMA&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;JMA&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mjma magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- SCSN &quot;hand&quot; label --&gt;
| h  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mh|{{tooltip|2=misc. mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mh for magnitude]]}}

&lt;!-- === Moment magnitude variants === --&gt;
&lt;!-- § Scalar seismic moment (zero) --&gt;
&lt;!-- Some sources do not italicise. --&gt;
| 0  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#M0|{{tooltip|2=Seismic moment|M{{sub|0}}|dotted=no}}]]
 |M{{sub|0}}
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using seismic moment M0]]}}

&lt;!-- &quot;{mvar}&quot; applies CSS 'texhtml' styling, and italics. --&gt;
| 0tex  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#M0|{{tooltip|2=Seismic moment|{{mvar|M{{sub|0}}}}|dotted=no}}]]
 |{{mvar|M{{sub|0}}}}
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using seismic moment M0]]}}

&lt;!-- Moment mag. dot: implicit w  --&gt;
| .  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mw|{{tooltip|2=Moment mag. scale|M|dotted=no}}]]
 |M
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using implicit Mw magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §  §4.7 Moment mag.--&gt;
| w | mw = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mw|{{tooltip|2=Moment mag. scale|M&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;w&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §  Mwp from P-waves --&gt;
| wp | mwp = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mwp|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. from P-waves|M&lt;sub&gt;wp&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;wp&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.8.3  Mwpd from P-waves --&gt;
| wpd | mwpd = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mwpd|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. from P-wave duration|M&lt;sub&gt;wpd&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;wpd&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mwp magnitude scale with duration]]}}

&lt;!-- §  Mwb from body-waves --&gt;
| wb | mwb = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mwb|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. from body-waves|M&lt;sub&gt;wb&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;wb&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mwb magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §  Mwc from centroid moment --&gt;
| wc | mwc = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mwc|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. from centroid|M&lt;sub&gt;wc&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;wc&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mwc magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §  Mwr at regional distances --&gt;
| wr | mwr = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mwr|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. at regional distance|M&lt;sub&gt;wr&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;wr&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mwr magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.8.6 Mww from W-phase centroid mom.--&gt;
| ww | mww = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mww|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. from W-phase|M&lt;sub&gt;ww&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;ww&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mww magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- === Surface wave variants === --&gt;
&lt;!-- §3.2.5.1 §4.4 Surface-wave mag.  --&gt;
| s  = {{#ifeq: {{{1|}}} | S &lt;!-- test if 's' was really 'S' --&gt;
   | &lt;!-- MS: synonym for Ms_BB, or mis-capitalized M&lt;s&gt;. --&gt;
    {{#if:{{{link|}}}
      |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Ms|{{tooltip|2=Surface-wave mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;S&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
      |M&lt;sub&gt;S&lt;/sub&gt;
    }}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using MS magnitude scale]]}}

   | &lt;!-- Ms: Short-period surface-wave mag.; possibly syn. for Ms_20  --&gt;
    {{#if:{{{link|}}}
      |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Ms|{{tooltip|2=Surface-wave mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
      |M&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;
      }}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using MS magnitude scale]]}}
   }}&lt;!-- endifeq --&gt;

&lt;!-- §4.4 Gutenberg-Richter 1954 version of M&lt;s&gt; --&gt;
| gr  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mgr|{{tooltip|2=1954 Gutenberg-Richter mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;GR&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;GR&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mgr magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- § §4.4 Surface-wave 20 sec. --&gt;
| s20 = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Ms|{{tooltip|2=Surface-wave mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;s20&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;s20&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Ms20 magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- § §4.4 Surface-wave mag. --&gt;
| sbb = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Ms|{{tooltip|2=Surface-wave mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;sBB&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;sBB&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Msbb magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- § Surface wave (vertical) --&gt;
| z  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mz|{{tooltip|2=Surface-wave vertical mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mz magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- § Surface wave, Chinese --&gt;
| s7  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Ms7|{{tooltip|2=Chinese surface-wave mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;s7&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;s7&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Ms7 magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- § Surface wave, Nuttli (1983) --&gt;
| sn  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Msn|{{tooltip|2=Nuttli surface-wave mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;sn&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;sn&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Msn magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- Russian Ms scale. Not ML. --&gt;
| lh = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#MLH|{{tooltip|2=Russian ML scale|M&lt;sub&gt;LH&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;LH&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using MLH magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- § Vanek --&gt;
| V  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#MV|{{tooltip|2=Vanek mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;V&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:M_V]]}}

&lt;!-- Averaged M&lt;s&gt; from Rothe 1969. Mentioned in Stover and Coffman 1993. --&gt;
| r  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#MR|{{tooltip|2=Rothe Ms mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;R&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Rothe magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- === Body-wave variants === --&gt;
| b  = {{#ifeq: {{{1|}}}  &lt;!-- test if 'b' was really 'B' --&gt;
&lt;!-- §3.2.5.2 §4.3 mB Body-wave broadband mag. --&gt;
  |B
   | {{#if:{{{link|}}}
    |[[Seismic magnitude scales#mB|{{tooltip|2=Body-wave mag.|mB|dotted=no}}]]
    |mB
    }}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using mB magnitude scale]]}}
   &lt;!--  §4.3 mb Body-wave short-period mag. --&gt;
   | {{#if:{{{link|}}}    &lt;!-- otherwise 'b' --&gt;
    |[[Seismic magnitude scales#mb|{{tooltip|2=Body-wave mag.|mb|dotted=no}}]]
    |mb
    }}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using mb magnitude scale]]}}
  }}&lt;!-- endif  --&gt;

&lt;!-- 'bigb' code is an alternate --&gt;
&lt;!-- §4.3 mB Body-wave broadband mag. --&gt;
| bigb = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#mB|{{tooltip|2=Body-wave mag.|mB|dotted=no}}]]
 |mB
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using mB magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §4.2 mBbb Body-wave broadband mag. --&gt;
| bbb = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#mB|{{tooltip|2=Body-wave mag.|mB&lt;sub&gt;BB&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |mB&lt;sub&gt;BB&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using mBbb magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.8.1 mBc Cumulative body-wave mag. --&gt;
| bc = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#mBc|{{tooltip|2=Cumulative body-wave mag.|mB&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |mB&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using mBc magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.4.4 §4.6 mbLg wave mag. --&gt;
| blg = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#mbLg|{{tooltip|2=Lg-wave mag.|mb&lt;sub&gt;Lg&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |mb&lt;sub&gt;Lg&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using MbLg magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §4.6 Nuttli (mbLg wave) mag. --&gt;
| n  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#mN|{{tooltip|2=Nuttli (mbLg) mag.|m&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |m&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using MbLg magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.4.5 Coda length mag. --&gt;
| c  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mc|{{tooltip|2=Coda length mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mc magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.4.5 Duration mag --&gt;
| d  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Md|{{tooltip|2=Duration mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Md magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.7.2 Energy mag. --&gt;
| e  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Me|{{tooltip|2=Energy mag. scale|M&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Me magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.4.5 K-class mag. --&gt;
| k  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#MK|{{tooltip|2=K-class mag. scale|M&lt;sub&gt;(K)&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;(K)&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using MK magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.6.7 tsunami mag. --&gt;
| t  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mt|{{tooltip|2=Tsunami mag. scale|M&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;t&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mt magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- §3.2.8.5 mantle mag. --&gt;
| m  = {{#ifeq: {{{1|}}} | m 
 | {{#if: {{{link|}}}
  |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mm|{{tooltip|2=mantle mag. scale|M&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
  |M&lt;sub&gt;m&lt;/sub&gt;
 }}
 {{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mm magnitude scale]]}}
 |
}}&lt;!-- not &quot;M&quot; --&gt;

&lt;!-- §3.2.6.6 macroseismic mag. --&gt;
| ms  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mms|{{tooltip|2=Macroseismic est. mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;ms&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;ms&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mms magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- § 3.2.6.6 felt-area --&gt;
| fa  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mfa|{{tooltip|2=Felt-area est. mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;fa&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;fa&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mfa magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- Toppozada felt-area for Calif. --&gt;
| la  = {{#if:{{{link|}}}
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mla|{{tooltip|2=Felt-area est. mag.|M&lt;sub&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;la&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;la&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mla magnitude scale]]}}

&lt;!-- - I/i: two different cases --&gt;
| i  = {{#ifeq: {{{1|}}}  &lt;!-- test if 'i' was really 'I' --&gt;
  &lt;!-- &quot;M&lt;I&gt;&quot;: Mag. from Intensity. Per Johnston 1996. --&gt;
  |I
   | {{#if:{{{link|}}}
    |[[Seismic magnitude scales#MI|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. est. from intensity|M&lt;sub&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;I&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
    |M&lt;sub&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;I&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;
    }}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using MI magnitude scale]]}}
   &lt;!--  Else &quot;M&lt;i&gt;&quot;, apparently a USGS synonym for Mwp  --&gt;
   | {{#if:{{{link|}}}    
    |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Mi|{{tooltip|2=Mw mag. from P-waves|M&lt;sub&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;i&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;|dotted=no}}]]
    |M&lt;sub&gt;&lt;kbd&gt;i&lt;/kbd&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;
    }}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using Mi magnitude scale]]}}
  }}&lt;!-- endif  --&gt;

&lt;!-- test ------------------------------- --&gt;
| x = {{#if:{{{link|}}} 
 |[[Seismic magnitude scales#Magnitude scales|M&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;]]
 |M&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;
}}{{Main other|[[Category:Articles using M test magnitude scale]]}}
&lt;!-- ------------------------------------ --&gt;

|&lt;!-- DEFAULT if no match found in inner switch. --&gt;
  {{red|&amp;#91;[[:Template:M]] used with invalid code '&lt;b&gt;{{{1|}}}&lt;/b&gt;'. See documentation.&amp;#93;}}
  {{Main other|[[Category:Articles with invalid magnitude scale identifiers]]}}
}}&lt;!-- end-switch (inner)] --&gt;&lt;!--

  Optional superscript source for catalog: 
  --&gt;{{#if:{{{src|}}}|&lt;sup&gt;({{{src}}})&lt;/sup&gt;}}&lt;!--

   Optional value or relation (&amp;#8239; is a &quot;thin space&quot; character): 
  --&gt;{{#if:{{{2|}}}|&amp;#8239;{{replace|{{{2}}}| |&amp;nbsp;}} }}

 }}&lt;!-- end-switch (outer)] --&gt;

 |&lt;!-- if#1-false: no parameter --&gt;
 {{error|&amp;#91;[[:Template:M]] used without a valid code. See documentation.&amp;#93;}}
 {{Main other|[[Category:Articles with missing magnitude scale identifiers]]}}
}}&lt;!-- end-if#1] --&gt;
|
||}}&lt;!-- end replace --&gt;&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{Documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nehllgddme3csq8kbor20200t1m57kb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:Currency</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>38289</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199209</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:56:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Currency|currency|{{{1|{{{amount|{{{Amount|}}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{code|{{{type|{{{Type|}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{first|}}}|{{{linked|}}}|{{{fmt|}}}|{{{passthrough|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt; {{documentation}} &lt;/noinclude&gt;&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199209</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="232" sha1="jsv2g86mt143bv09bvep9h39ckm4q5n" xml:space="preserve">&lt;includeonly&gt;{{#invoke:Currency|currency|{{{1|{{{amount|{{{Amount|}}}}}}}}}|{{{2|{{{code|{{{type|{{{Type|}}}}}}}}}}}}|{{{first|}}}|{{{linked|}}}|{{{fmt|}}}|{{{passthrough|}}}}}&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>jsv2g86mt143bv09bvep9h39ckm4q5n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Currency</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38290</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199210</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T08:59:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;require('strict')  local p = {} local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage();									-- language object for this wiki local presentation ={};															-- table of tables that contain currency presentation data local properties;   --[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------  Whether variable is set or not.  A variable is set when it is not nil and not em...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199210</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="13004" sha1="tn10u5ifo9xki9vaeqf7msdl6oe332i" xml:space="preserve">require('strict')

local p = {}
local lang = mw.language.getContentLanguage();									-- language object for this wiki
local presentation ={};															-- table of tables that contain currency presentation data
local properties;


--[[--------------------------&lt; I S _ S E T &gt;------------------------------------------------------------------

Whether variable is set or not.  A variable is set when it is not nil and not empty.

]]

local function is_set( var )
	return not (var == nil or var == '');
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ S H O R T _ F O R M  _ N A M E &gt;-------------------------------------

Assembles value and symbol according to the order specified in the properties table for this currency code

]]

local function make_short_form_name (amount, code, linked, passthrough)
	local symbol;
	local position = properties[code].position;

	if linked then
		symbol = string.format ('[[%s|%s]]', properties[code].page, properties[code].symbol);	-- make wikilink of page and symbol
	else
		symbol = properties[code].symbol;
	end

	if not passthrough then
		amount = lang:formatNum (tonumber(amount));								-- add appropriate comma separators
	end
	
	amount = amount:gsub ('^%-', '−');											-- replace the hyphen with unicode minus

	if 'b' == position then														-- choose appropriate format: unspaced before the amount
		return string.format ('%s%s', symbol, amount);
	elseif 'bs' == position then												-- spaced before the amount
		return string.format ('%s&amp;nbsp;%s', symbol, amount);
	elseif 'a' == position then													-- unspaced after the amount
		return string.format ('%s%s', amount, symbol);
	elseif 'as' == position then												-- spaced after the amount
		return string.format ('%s&amp;nbsp;%s', amount, symbol);
	elseif 'd' == position then													-- special case that replaces the decimal separator with symbol (Cifrão for CVE is the only extant case)
		if passthrough then
			return string.format('%s%s', symbol, amount)
		end
		
		local digits, decimals;													-- this code may not work for other currencies or on other language wikis
		if amount:match ('[%d,]+%.%d+') then									-- with decimal separator and decimals
			digits, decimals = amount:match ('([%d,]+)%.(%d+)')
			amount = string.format ('%s%s%s', digits, symbol, decimals);		-- insert symbol
		elseif amount:match ('[%d,]+%.?$') then									-- with or without decimal separator
			digits = amount:match ('([%d,]+)%.?$')
			amount = string.format ('%s%s00', digits, symbol);					-- add symbol and 00 ($00)
		end
		amount = amount:gsub (',', '%.');										-- replace grouping character with period
		return amount;
	end
	return amount .. ' &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:inherit&quot; class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;{{currency}} – definition missing position ([[Template:Currency/doc#Error_messages|help]])&lt;/span&gt;';	-- position not defined
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ N A M E &gt;----------------------------------------------------------

Make a wikilink from the currency's article title and its plural (if provided).  If linked is false, returns only
the article title (unlinked)

]]

local function make_name (linked, page, plural)
	if not linked then
		if not is_set (plural) then
			return page;														-- just the page
		elseif 's' == plural then												-- if the simple plural form
			return string.format ('%ss', page);									-- append an 's'
		else
			return plural;														-- must be the complex plural form (pounds sterling v. dollars)
		end
	else
		if not is_set (plural) then
			return string.format ('[[%s]]', page);
		elseif 's' == plural then												-- if the simple plural form
			return string.format ('[[%s]]s', page);
		else
			return string.format ('[[%s|%s]]', page, plural);					-- must be the complex plural form (pounds sterling v. dollars)
		end
	end
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; M A K E _ L O N G _ F O R M  _ N A M E &gt;---------------------------------------

assembles a long-form currency name from amount and name from the properties tables; plural for all values not equal to 1

]]

local function make_long_form_name (amount, code, linked, passthrough)
	local name, formatted;
	
	if not is_set (properties[code].page) then
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:inherit&quot; class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;{{currency}} – definition missing page ([[Template:Currency/doc#Error_messages|help]])&lt;/span&gt;';
	end

	if not passthrough then
		amount = tonumber (amount);												-- make sure it's a number
	end

	if 1 == amount then
		name = make_name (linked, properties[code].page);						-- the singular form
	elseif is_set (properties[code].plural) then								-- plural and there is a plural form
		name = make_name (linked, properties[code].page, properties[code].plural);
	else
		name = make_name (linked, properties[code].page);						-- plural but no separate plural form so use the singular form
	end
	
	if not passthrough then
		formatted = lang:formatNum (amount)
	else 
		formatted = amount
	end

	return string.format ('%s %s', formatted, name);							-- put it all together
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; R E N D E R _ C U R R E N C Y &gt;------------------------------------------------

Renders currency amount with symbol or long-form name.

Also, entry point for other modules.  Assumes that parameters have been vetted; amount is a number, code is upper
case string, long_form is boolean; all are required.

]]

local function render_currency (amount, code, long_form, linked, fmt, passthrough)
	local name;
	local result;

	presentation = mw.loadData ('Module:Currency/Presentation');				-- get presentation data

	if presentation.currency_properties[code] then								-- if code is an iso 4217 code
		properties = presentation.currency_properties;
	elseif presentation.code_translation[code] then								-- not iso 4217 but can be translated
		code = presentation.code_translation[code];								-- then translate
		properties = presentation.currency_properties;
	elseif presentation.non_standard_properties[code] then						-- last chance, is it a non-standard code?
		properties = presentation.non_standard_properties;
	else
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:inherit&quot; class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;{{currency}} – invalid code ([[Template:Currency/doc#Error_messages|help]])&lt;/span&gt;';
	end


	if long_form then
		result = make_long_form_name (amount, code, linked, passthrough);								-- 
	else
		result = make_short_form_name (amount, code, linked, passthrough);
	end
	
	if 'none' == fmt then														-- no group separation
		result = result:gsub ('(%d%d?%d?),', '%1');								-- strip comma separators
	elseif 'gaps' == fmt then													-- use narrow gaps
		result = result:gsub ('(%d%d?%d?),', '&lt;span style=&quot;margin-right:.25em;&quot;&gt;%1&lt;/span&gt;');	-- replace comma seperators
	elseif fmt and 'commas' ~= fmt then											-- if not commas (the default) then error message
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:inherit&quot; class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;{{currency}} – invalid format ([[Template:Currency/doc#Error_messages|help]])&lt;/span&gt;';
	end

	return result;																-- done
end

--[[--------------------------&lt; P A R S E _ F O R M A T T E D _ N U M B E R &gt;----------------------------------

replacement for lang:parseFormattedNumber() which doesn't work; all it does is strip commas.

This function returns a string where all comma separators have been removed from the source string.  If the source
is malformed: has characters other than digits, commas, and decimal points; has too many decimal points; has commas
in in appropriate locations; then the function returns nil.

]]

local function parse_formatted_number (amount)
	local count;
	local parts = {};
	local digits = {};
	local decimals;
	local sign = '';
	local _;
	
	if amount:find ('[^%-−%d%.,]')	then										-- anything but sign, digits, decimal points, or commas
		return nil;
	end
	
	amount = amount:gsub ('−', '-');											-- replace unicode minus with hyphen
	
	_, count = amount:gsub('%.', '')											-- count the number of decimal point characters 
	if 1 &lt; count then
		return nil;																-- too many dots
	end

	_, count = amount:gsub(',', '')												-- count the number of grouping characters 
	if 0 == count then
		return amount;															-- no comma separators so we're done
	end;
	
	if amount:match ('[%-][%d%.,]+') then										-- if the amount is negative
		sign, amount = amount:match ('([%-])([%d%.,]+)');						-- strip off and save the sign
	end

	parts = mw.text.split (amount, '.', true);									-- split amount into digits and decimals
	decimals = table.remove (parts, 2) or '';									-- if there was a decimal portion, remove from the table and save it

	digits = mw.text.split (parts[1], ',')										-- split amount into groups 
	for i, v in ipairs (digits) do												-- loop through the groups
		if 1 == i then															-- left-most digit group
			if (3 &lt; v:len() or not is_set (v)) then								-- first digit group: 1, 2, 3 digits; can't be empty string (first char was a comma)
				return nil;
			end
		else
			if v and 3 ~= v:len() then											-- all other groups must be three digits long
				return nil;	
			end
		end
	end

	return sign .. table.concat (digits) .. '.' .. decimals;					-- reassemble without commas and return
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C O N V E R T _ S T R I N G _ T O _  N U M E R I C &gt;------------------------------------------------

Converts quantified number/string combinations to a number e.g. 1 thousand to 1000.

]]

local function convert_string_to_numeric (amount)
	local quantifiers = {['thousand'] = 1000, ['million'] = 1000000, ['m'] = 1000000, ['billion'] = 1000000000, ['b'] = 1000000000, ['trillion'] = 1000000000000};

	
	local n, q = amount:match ('([%-−]?[%d%.,]+)%s*(%a+)$');					-- see if there is a quantifier following a number; zero or more space characters
	if nil == n then
		n, q = amount:match ('([%-−]?[%d%.,]+)&amp;nbsp;(%a+)$')					-- see if there is a quantifier following a number; nbsp html entity ({{format price}} output
	end
	if nil == n then return amount end;											-- if not &lt;number&gt;&lt;space&gt;&lt;quantifier&gt; return amount unmolested
	
	n = n:gsub (',', '');														-- strip comma separators if present
	q = q:lower();																-- set the quantifier to lower case

	if nil == quantifiers[q] then return amount end;							-- if not a recognized quantifier
	
	return tostring (n * quantifiers[q]);										-- return a string, not a number
end


--[[--------------------------&lt; C U R R E N C Y &gt;--------------------------------------------------------------

Template:Currency entry point.  The template takes three parameters:
	positional (1st), |amount=, |Amount=	: digits and decimal points only
	positional (2nd), |type=, |Type=		: code that identifies the currency
	|first=									: uses currency name instead of symbol

]]

local function currency (frame)
	local args = require('Module:Arguments').getArgs (frame);

	local amount, code;
	local long_form = false;
	local linked = true;
	local passthrough = false;

	if not is_set (args[1]) then
		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:inherit&quot; class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;{{currency}} – invalid amount ([[Template:Currency/doc#Error_messages|help]])&lt;/span&gt;';
	end
	
--	amount = lang:parseFormattedNumber(args[1]);								-- if args[1] can't be converted to a number then error (this just strips grouping characters)
--	if args[1]:find ('[^%d%.]') or not amount then								-- non-digit characters or more than one decimal point (because lag:parse... is broken)
--		return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:inherit&quot; class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;{{currency}} – invalid amount ([[Template:Currency/doc#Error_messages|help]])&lt;/span&gt;';
--	end

	-- This allows us to use {{currency}} while actually following [[MOS:CURRENCY]] as regards &quot;billion&quot;, &quot;million&quot;, &quot;M&quot;, &quot;bn&quot;, etc.
	if not (args['passthrough'] == 'yes') then -- just pass whatever string is given through.
		amount = convert_string_to_numeric (args[1]);
		amount = parse_formatted_number(amount);								-- if args[1] can't be converted to a number then error
		if not amount then
			return '&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:inherit&quot; class=&quot;error&quot;&gt;{{currency}} – invalid amount ([[Template:Currency/doc#Error_messages|help]])&lt;/span&gt;';
		end
	else
		amount = args[1]
	end
	
	if not is_set(args[2]) then													-- if not provided
		code = 'USD';															-- default to USD
	else
		code = args[2]:upper();													-- always upper case; used as index into data tables which all use upper case
	end
	
	if args[3] then																-- this is the |first= parameter  TODO: make this value meaningful? y, yes, true?
		long_form = true;
	end
	
	if 'no' == args[4] then														-- this is the |linked= parameter; defaults to 'yes'; any value but 'no' means yes
		linked = false;
	end

	return render_currency (amount, code, long_form, linked, args['fmt'], (args['passthrough'] == 'yes'))
end

return {
	currency = currency,														-- template entry point
	_render_currency = render_currency,											-- other modules entry point
	}</text>
      <sha1>tn10u5ifo9xki9vaeqf7msdl6oe332i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ:Currency/Presentation</title>
    <ns>828</ns>
    <id>38291</id>
    <revision>
      <id>199212</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T09:10:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>&quot;--[=[-------------------------&lt; C U R R E N C Y   P R O P E R T I E S &gt;----------------------------------------  this table is created from Template:Currency/Page, Template:Currency/Position, and Template:Currency/Symbol.  The individual currency codes are taken from the table at [[ISO 4217]].  The source templates have other codes not conforming to 4217; those codes are not included here but are listed in the translation tabl...&quot; ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ</comment>
      <origin>199212</origin>
      <model>Scribunto</model>
      <format>text/plain</format>
      <text bytes="24779" sha1="9kzs1ekgwf17fnwxm4lzeqmdxnxmm34" xml:space="preserve">--[=[-------------------------&lt; C U R R E N C Y   P R O P E R T I E S &gt;----------------------------------------

this table is created from Template:Currency/Page, Template:Currency/Position, and Template:Currency/Symbol.  The
individual currency codes are taken from the table at [[ISO 4217]].  The source templates have other codes not
conforming to 4217; those codes are not included here but are listed in the translation table or in the non-standard table.

This table is NOT for historical ISO 4217 codes.  Add historical codes to the non-standard properties table.

Meanings of the table entries:
	['???']			– ISO 4217 currency code; uppercase only
	page = ''		– Wikipedia article name approriate to the currency code
	plural = ''		– specifies how to make the currency page name plural:
						if singular and plural forms are the same leave empty
						if adding an 's' to the end of the singular name makes it plural then set plural = 's'
						if the plural name is different, set the whole plural name (see GBP for example)
	position = ''	– identifies where the symbol is placed relative to the amount
						'a'		– &lt;amount&gt;&lt;symbol&gt;
						'as'	– &lt;amount&gt;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&gt;&lt;symbol&gt;
						'b'		– &lt;symbol&gt;&lt;amount&gt;
						'bs'	– &lt;symbol&gt;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&gt;&lt;amount&gt;
	symbol = ''		– the symbol associated with the currency code; generally not the currency code unless the symbol and
						the currency code are the same;  to display a currency code instead of a symbol, use the nonstandard table

]=]

local currency_properties = {
	['AED'] = {page = 'United Arab Emirates dirham', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'DH'},
	['AFN'] = {page = 'Afghan afghani', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '\216\139'}, -- U+060B ؋
	['ALL'] = {page = 'Albanian lek', plural = 'lekë', position = 'b', symbol = 'L'},
	['AMD'] = {page = 'Armenian dram', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '\214\143'}, -- U+058F ؋
	['ANG'] = {page = 'Netherlands Antillean guilder', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'NAƒ'},
	['AOA'] = {page = 'Angolan kwanza', plural = 's',  position = 'bs', symbol = 'Kz'},
	['ARS'] = {page = 'Argentine peso', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'AR$'},
	['AUD'] = {page = 'Australian dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'A$'},
	['AWG'] = {page = 'Aruban florin', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Afl.'},
	['AZN'] = {page = 'Azerbaijani manat', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '\226\130\188'}, -- U+20BC
	['BAM'] = {page = 'Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'KM'},
	['BBD'] = {page = 'Barbados dollar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Bds$'},
	['BDT'] = {page = 'Bangladeshi taka', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '৳'},
	['BGN'] = {page = 'Bulgarian lev', plural = 'leva', position = 'bs', symbol = 'лв.'}, -- levove?
	['BHD'] = {page = 'Bahraini dinar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;.د.ب&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['BIF'] = {page = 'Burundian franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'FBu'},
	['BMD'] = {page = 'Bermudian dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'BD$'},
	['BND'] = {page = 'Brunei dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'B$'},
	['BOB'] = {page = 'Bolivian boliviano', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Bs.'},
--	['BOV'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Bolivian Mvdol (funds code)
	['BRL'] = {page = 'Brazilian real', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'R$'},
	['BSD'] = {page = 'Bahamian dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'B$'},
	['BTN'] = {page = 'Ngultrum', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Nu.'},
	['BWP'] = {page = 'Botswana pula', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'P'},
	['BYN'] = {page = 'Belarusian ruble', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Br'},
	['BZD'] = {page = 'Belize dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'BZ$'},
	['CAD'] = {page = 'Canadian dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'CA$'},
	['CDF'] = {page = 'Congolese franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'FC'},
--	['CHE'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- WIR Euro (complementary currency)
	['CHF'] = {page = 'Swiss franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'CHF'},
--	['CHW'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- WIR Franc (complementary currency)
--	['CLF'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Unidad de Fomento (funds code) (Chile)
	['CLP'] = {page = 'Chilean peso', plural = 's',  position = 'b', symbol = 'CL$'},
	['CNY'] = {page = 'Renminbi', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'CN¥'},
	['COP'] = {page = 'Colombian peso', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'COL$'},
--	['COU'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Unidad de Valor Real (UVR) (funds code) (Columbia)
	['CRC'] = {page = 'Costa Rican colon', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '₡'},
	['CUC'] = {page = 'Cuban convertible peso', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'CUC$'},
	['CUP'] = {page = 'Cuban peso', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '$MN'},
	['CVE'] = {page = 'Cape Verde escudo', plural = 's', position = 'd', symbol = '$'}, -- not yet supported position = 'd' replaces decimal with Cifrão ($)
	['CZK'] = {page = 'Czech koruna', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = 'Kč'},
	['DJF'] = {page = 'Djiboutian franc', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'Fdj'},
	['DKK'] = {page = 'Danish krone', plural = 'Danish kroner', position = 'bs', symbol = 'kr.'},
	['DOP'] = {page = 'Dominican peso', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'RD$'},
	['DZD'] = {page = 'Algerian dinar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;د.ج&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['EGP'] = {page = 'Egyptian pound', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'E£'},
	['ERN'] = {page = 'Eritrean nakfa', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Nfk'},
	['ETB'] = {page = 'Ethiopian birr', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Br'},
	['EUR'] = {page = 'Euro', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '€'},
	['FJD'] = {page = 'Fijian dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'FJ$'},
	['FKP'] = {page = 'Falkland Islands pound', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'FK£'},
	['GBP'] = {page = 'Pound sterling', plural = 'pounds sterling', position = 'b', symbol = '£'},
	['GEL'] = {page = 'Georgian lari', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '\226\130\190'}, -- U+20BE ₾
	['GHS'] = {page = 'Ghanaian cedi', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '\226\130\181'}, -- U+20B5 ₵
	['GIP'] = {page = 'Gibraltar pound', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'GI£'},
	['GMD'] = {page = 'Gambian dalasi', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'D'},
	['GNF'] = {page = 'Guinean franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'FG'},
	['GTQ'] = {page = 'Guatemalan quetzal', plural = 'Guatemalan quetzales', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Q'},
	['GYD'] = {page = 'Guyanese dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'GY$'},
	['HKD'] = {page = 'Hong Kong dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'HK$'},
	['HNL'] = {page = 'Honduran lempira', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'L'},
	['HRK'] = {page = 'Croatian kuna', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'kn'},
	['HTG'] = {page = 'Haitian gourde', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'G'},
	['HUF'] = {page = 'Hungarian forint', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = 'Ft'},
	['IDR'] = {page = 'Indonesian rupiah', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Rp'},
	['ILS'] = {page = 'Israeli new shekel', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '₪'},
	['INR'] = {page = 'Indian rupee', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '\226\130\185'}, -- U+20B9 ₹
	['IQD'] = {page = 'Iraqi dinar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;د.ع&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['IRR'] = {page = 'Iranian rial', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '\239\183\188'}, -- U+FDFC ﷼
	['ISK'] = {page = 'Icelandic króna', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = 'kr'},
	['JMD'] = {page = 'Jamaican dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'J$'},
	['JOD'] = {page = 'Jordanian dinar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;د.أ&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['JPY'] = {page = 'Japanese yen', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '¥'},
	['KES'] = {page = 'Kenyan shilling', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'KSh'},
	['KGS'] = {page = 'Kyrgyzstani som', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'KGS'}, -- what is this currency's symbol?
	['KHR'] = {page = 'Cambodian riel', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '\225\159\155'}, -- U+17DB ៛
	['KMF'] = {page = 'Comorian franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'CF'},
	['KPW'] = {page = 'North Korean won', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '₩'},
	['KRW'] = {page = 'South Korean won', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '₩'},
	['KWD'] = {page = 'Kuwaiti dinar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;د.ك&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['KYD'] = {page = 'Cayman Islands dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'CI$'},
	['KZT'] = {page = 'Kazakhstani tenge', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '\226\130\184'}, -- U+20B8 ₸
	['LAK'] = {page = 'Lao kip', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '₭'},
	['LBP'] = {page = 'Lebanese pound', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ل.ل&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['LKR'] = {page = 'Sri Lankan rupee', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'රු.'},
	['LRD'] = {page = 'Liberian dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'L$'},
	['LSL'] = {page = 'Lesotho loti', plural = 'Lesotho maloti', position = 'b', symbol = 'L'}, -- for the plural symbol 'M', use LSL2
	['LYD'] = {page = 'Libyan dinar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ل.د&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['MAD'] = {page = 'Moroccan dirham', plural = 's', position = 'a', symbol = 'DH'},
	['MDL'] = {page = 'Moldovan leu', plural = 'Moldovan lei', position = 'bs', symbol = 'L'},
	['MGA'] = {page = 'Malagasy ariary', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Ar'},
	['MKD'] = {page = 'Macedonian denar', plural = 'Macedonian denari', position = 'bs', symbol = 'ден'},
	['MMK'] = {page = 'Burmese kyat', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'K'},
	['MNT'] = {page = 'Mongolian tögrög', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '₮'},
	['MOP'] = {page = 'Macanese pataca', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'MOP$'},
	['MRU'] = {page = 'Mauritanian ouguiya', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'UM'},
	['MUR'] = {page = 'Mauritian rupee', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '₨'},
	['MVR'] = {page = 'Maldivian rufiyaa', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Rf.'},
	['MWK'] = {page = 'Malawian kwacha', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = 'K'},
	['MXN'] = {page = 'Mexican peso', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'Mex$'},
--	['MXV'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Mexican Unidad de Inversion (UDI) (funds code)
	['MYR'] = {page = 'Malaysian ringgit', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'RM'},
	['MZN'] = {page = 'Mozambican metical', plural = 'Mozambican meticais', position = 'bs', symbol = 'MT'},
	['NAD'] = {page = 'Namibian dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'N$'},
	['NGN'] = {page = 'Nigerian naira', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '₦'},
	['NIO'] = {page = 'Nicaraguan córdoba', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'C$'},
	['NOK'] = {page = 'Norwegian krone', plural = 'Norwegian kroner', position = 'bs', symbol = 'kr'},
	['NPR'] = {page = 'Nepalese rupee', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'रू'},
	['NZD'] = {page = 'New Zealand dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'NZ$'},
	['OMR'] = {page = 'Omani rial', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ر.ع.&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['PAB'] = {page = 'Panamanian balboa', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'B/.'},
	['PEN'] = {page = 'Peruvian sol', plural = 'Peruvian soles', position = 'b', symbol = 'S/.'},
	['PGK'] = {page = 'Papua New Guinean kina', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'K'},
	['PHP'] = {page = 'Philippine peso', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '₱'},
	['PKR'] = {page = 'Pakistani rupee', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '₨'},
	['PLN'] = {page = 'Polish złoty', plural = '', position = 'a', symbol = 'zł'},
	['PYG'] = {page = 'Paraguayan guaraní', plural = 'Paraguayan guaraníes', position = 'as', symbol = '\226\130\178'}, -- U+20B2 ₲
	['QAR'] = {page = 'Qatari riyal', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ر.ق&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['RON'] = {page = 'Romanian leu', plural = 'Romanian lei', position = 'bs', symbol = 'RON'}, -- what is this currency's symbol?
	['RSD'] = {page = 'Serbian dinar', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'din.'},
	['RUB'] = {page = 'Russian ruble', plural = 's', position = 'as', symbol = '\226\130\189'}, -- U+20BD ₽ after August 1998 redenomination
	['RWF'] = {page = 'Rwandan franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'FRw'},
	['SAR'] = {page = 'Saudi riyal', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ر.س&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['SBD'] = {page = 'Solomon Islands dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'SI$'},
	['SCR'] = {page = 'Seychellois rupee', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'SR'},
	['SDG'] = {page = 'Sudanese pound', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;ج.س.&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['SEK'] = {page = 'Swedish krona', plural = 'Swedish kronor', position = 'bs', symbol = 'kr'},
	['SGD'] = {page = 'Singapore dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'S$'},
	['SHP'] = {page = 'Saint Helena pound', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'SH£'},
	['SLE'] = {page = 'Sierra Leonean leone', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Le'}, -- new, redenominited leone
	['SLL'] = {page = 'Sierra Leonean leone', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Le'},
	['SOS'] = {page = 'Somali shilling', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Sh.So.'},
	['SRD'] = {page = 'Surinamese dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'SR$'},
	['SSP'] = {page = 'South Sudanese pound', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'SSP'}, -- what is this currency's symbol?
	['STN'] = {page = 'São Tomé and Príncipe dobra', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Db'},
	['SVC'] = {page = 'Salvadoran colón', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '₡'},
	['SYP'] = {page = 'Syrian pound', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '£S'},
	['SZL'] = {page = 'Swazi lilangeni', plural = 'Swazi emalangeni', position = 'b', symbol = 'L'}, -- for the plural symbol 'E', use SZL2
	['THB'] = {page = 'Thai baht', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '฿'},
	['TJS'] = {page = 'Tajikistani somoni', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'SM'},
	['TMT'] = {page = 'Turkmenistan manat', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'T'},
	['TND'] = {page = 'Tunisian dinar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '&lt;bdi lang=&quot;ar&quot;&gt;د.ت&lt;/bdi&gt;'},
	['TOP'] = {page = 'Tongan paʻanga', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = 'T$'},
	['TRY'] = {page = 'Second Turkish lira', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '\226\130\186'}, -- U+20BA ₺
	['TTD'] = {page = 'Trinidad and Tobago dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'TT$'},
	['TWD'] = {page = 'New Taiwan dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'NT$'},
	['TZS'] = {page = 'Tanzanian shilingi', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'TSh'},
	['UAH'] = {page = 'Ukrainian hryvnia', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '₴'},
	['UGX'] = {page = 'Ugandan shilling', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'USh'},
	['USD'] = {page = 'United States dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'US$'},
--	['USN'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- United States dollar (next day) (funds code)
--	['UYI'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Uruguay Peso en Unidades Indexadas (URUIURUI) (funds code)
	['UYU'] = {page = 'Uruguayan peso', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = '$U'},
	['UYW'] = {page = 'Unidad previsional', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = '$U'},
	['UZS'] = {page = 'Uzbekistani so\'m', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'UZS'}, -- what is this currency's symbol?
	['VED'] = {page = 'Venezuelan Bolívar Soberano', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Bs.S.'},
	['VES'] = {page = 'Venezuelan Bolívar Soberano', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Bs.S.'},
	['VND'] = {page = 'Vietnamese đồng', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '₫'},
	['VUV'] = {page = 'Vanuatu vatu', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'VT'},
	['WST'] = {page = 'Samoan tālā', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = 'WS$'},
	['XAF'] = {page = 'Central African CFA franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'FCFA'},
--	['XAG'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Silver (one troy ounce)
--	['XAU'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Gold (one troy ounce)
--	['XBA'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- European Composite Unit (EURCO) (bond market unit)
--	['XBB'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- European Monetary Unit (E.M.U.-6) (bond market unit)
--	['XBC'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- European Unit of Account 9 (E.U.A.-9) (bond market unit)
--	['XBD'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- European Unit of Account 17 (E.U.A.-17) (bond market unit)
	['XCD'] = {page = 'East Caribbean dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'EC$'},
	['XCG'] = {page = 'Caribbean guilder', plural = 's', position = 'a', symbol = 'Cg'},
--	['XDR'] = {page = 'Speacial drawing rights', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Special drawing rights
	['XOF'] = {page = 'West African CFA franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'CFA'},
--	['XPD'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Palladium (one troy ounce)
	['XPF'] = {page = 'CFP franc', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'F'},
--	['XPT'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Platinum (one troy ounce)
--	['XSU'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Unified System for Regional Compensation (SUCRE)
--	['XTS'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- Code reserved for testing purposes
--	['XUA'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- ADB Unit of Account
	['XXX'] = {page = '¤', plural = '', position = 'b', symbol = '¤'}, -- No (specific) currency
	['YER'] = {page = 'Yemeni rial', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '\239\183\188'}, -- U+FDFC ﷼
	['ZAR'] = {page = 'South African rand', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'R'},
	['ZMW'] = {page = 'Zambian kwacha', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'ZMW'},
	['ZWL'] = {page = 'Zimbabwean dollar', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'ZWL'},
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; C O D E   T R A N S L A T I O N &gt;----------------------------------------------

This table lists some of the 'aliases' that refer to currencies listed in the properties table by their ISO 4217 codes

The form is:
	['&lt;non-standard code&gt;'] = '&lt;ISO 4217 code&gt;'
]]

local code_translation = {
	['EGE'] = 'EUR', -- where???
	['EU'] = 'EUR',
	['EURO'] = 'EUR',
	['FRW'] = 'RWF',
	['GB'] = 'GBP',
	['KSH'] = 'KES',
	['NEP'] = 'NPR',
	['POUND'] = 'GBP',
	['POUND STERLING'] = 'GBP',
	['RMB'] = 'CNY',
	['STERLING'] = 'GBP',
	['STG'] = 'GBP',
	['TSH'] = 'TZS',
	['UK'] = 'GBP',
	['UKP'] = 'GBP', -- non-standard
	['UNITED STATES'] = 'USD',
	['US'] = 'USD',
	['U.S.'] = 'USD',
	['USA'] = 'USD',
	['USH'] = 'UGX',
	['$'] = 'USD', -- U+0024, pass-through, default to US dollar
	['¤'] = 'XXX', -- U+00A4, pass-through, default to no specific unit
	['£'] = 'GBP', -- U+00A3, pass-through, default to UK pound
	['¥'] = 'JPY', -- U+00A5, pass-through, default to JP yen
	['€'] = 'EUR', -- U+20AC, pass-through
	['(='] = 'EUR', -- non-standard (DR-DOS 7.02 COUNTRY.SYS, 1998)
	}

--[[--------------------------&lt; N O N _ S T A N D A R D _ P R O P E R T I E S &gt;--------------------------------

Currencies from the source templates that are identified by non-standard codes and which for whatever reason don't translate well to an existing ISO 4217 currency.  This list may include historical ISO 4217 codes.

Meanings of the table entries are the same as those described for currency_properties table except:
	['???']	– currency codes that are non-standard or that cannot be translated to a standard code.  Uppercase only, 
				these codes MUST be different from the codes in the main currency properties table and different from
				the codes in the translation table (if they are not, they will not be found).

]]

local non_standard_properties = {
	['BITCOIN'] = {page = 'bitcoin', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'BTC'},
	['BTC'] = {page = 'bitcoin', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'BTC'},
	['BYR'] = {page = 'Belarusian ruble', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Br'}, -- historical, former ISO 4217 code
	['DDM'] = {page = 'East German mark', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = 'M'}, -- historical (1968-1990), former ISO 4217 code
	['DDM2'] = {page = 'East German mark', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = 'DDM'}, -- historical (1968-1990), former ISO 4217 code, use currency code instead of symbol
	['DEM'] = {page = 'Deutsche Mark', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'DM'}, -- historical (1948-2001), former ISO 4217 code
	['DEM2'] = {page = 'Deutsche Mark', plural = 's', position = 'as', symbol = 'DEM'}, -- historical (1948-2001), former ISO 4217 code, use currency code instead of symbol
	['DKK2'] = {page = 'Danish krone', plural = 'Danish kroner', position = 'bs', symbol = 'DKK'},
	['DM'] = {page = 'Deutsche Mark', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'DM'}, -- historical (1948-2001)
	['ESP'] = {page = 'Spanish peseta', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = '₧'}, -- historical, former ISO 4217 code
	['FRF'] = {page = 'French franc', plural = 's', position = 'as', symbol = 'F'}, -- historical
	['GRD'] = {page = 'Modern drachma', plural = 'Modern drachmae', position = 'as', symbol = 'Δρ.'}, -- historical
	['IEP'] = {page = 'Irish pound', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '£'}, -- historical, former ISO 4217 code
	['LKR2'] = {page = 'Sri Lankan rupee', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'LKR'}, -- use currency code instead of symbol
	['LSL2'] = {page = 'Lesotho loti', plural = 'Lesotho maloti', position = 'b', symbol = 'M'}, -- plural symbol version of LSL (singular)
	['LTL'] = {page = 'Lithuanian litas', plural = 'Lithuanian litai', position = 'as', symbol = 'Lt'}, -- historical
	['MARK'] = {page = 'German gold mark', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = 'ℳ'}, -- historical (1871-1914)
	['MRO'] = {page = 'Mauritanian ouguiya', plural = '', position = 'bs', symbol = 'UM'}, -- historical, former ISO 4217 code
	['NLG'] = {page = 'Dutch guilder', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = 'ƒ'}, -- historical, former ISO 4217 code
	['NOK2'] = {page = 'Norwegian krone', plural = 'Norwegian kroner', position = 'bs', symbol = 'NOK'},
	['RM'] = {page = 'reichsmark', plural = '', position = 'as', symbol = 'ℛℳ'}, -- historical (1924-1948)
	['SEK2'] = {page = 'Swedish krona', plural = 'Swedish kronor', position = 'bs', symbol = 'SEK'},
	['STD'] = {page = 'São Tomé and Príncipe dobra', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'Db'}, -- historical, former ISO 4217 code
	['SZL2'] = {page = 'Swazi lilangeni', plural = 'Swazi emalangeni', position = 'b', symbol = 'E'},		-- plural symbol version of SZL (singular)
--	['USS'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- United States dollar (same day) (funds code), historical, former ISO 4217 code
	['US$'] = {page = 'United States dollar', plural = 's', position = 'b', symbol = '$'}, -- special case: like &quot;USD&quot; and &quot;$&quot;, but will display only the short form of the symbol &quot;$&quot; (useful for articles, where it is obvious enough not to display &quot;US$&quot; as a symbol, but still link to &quot;United States dollar&quot; (for foreign readers)
	['XBT'] = {page = 'bitcoin', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'BTC'},
	['XEU'] = {page = 'European currency unit', plural = 's', position = 'as', symbol = '₠'}, -- ECU U+20A0, historical (1979-1998), former ISO 4217 code
	['XEU2'] = {page = 'European currency unit', plural = 's', position = 'bs', symbol = 'XEU'}, -- ECU, historical (1979-1998), former ISO 4217 code, use currency code instead of symbol
--	['XFU'] = {page = '', plural = '', position = '', symbol = ''}, -- UIC franc (special settlement currency), historical, former ISO 4217 code
	}


--[[--------------------------&lt; E X P O R T S &gt;----------------------------------------------------------------
]]

return {
	currency_properties = currency_properties,
	code_translation = code_translation,
	non_standard_properties = non_standard_properties
	}</text>
      <sha1>9kzs1ekgwf17fnwxm4lzeqmdxnxmm34</sha1>
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    <title>ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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    <revision>
      <id>199214</id>
      <timestamp>2026-10-19T09:19:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ</username>
        <id>5347</id>
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      <comment>ᱱᱟᱣᱟ</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19318" sha1="4io9wqt3yckbh5r3vb9karav3mvf0lw" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Primary and secondary cotton roots.jpg|thumb|[[ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ]] ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ]]
ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, '''ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Stevens2019&quot;&gt;{{cite book|author=Harley Macdonald &amp; Donovan Stevens|title=Biotechnology and Plant Biology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y-fEDwAAQBAJ&amp;pg=PA141|date=3 September 2019|publisher=EDTECH|isbn=978-1-83947-180-3|pages=141–}}&lt;/ref&gt; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱟᱥᱟ]] ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite journal |last1=Nguyen |first1=Linh Thuy My |last2=Hoang |first2=Hanh Thi |last3=Choi |first3=Eunho |last4=Park |first4=Pil Sun |date=2023-07-05 |title=Distribution of mangroves with different aerial root morphologies at accretion and erosion sites in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam |journal=Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science |volume=287 |article-number=108324 |doi=10.1016/j.ecss.2023.108324 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2023ECSS..28708324N }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ==
ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱱᱩᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ '''ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ''' ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱮᱨᱮᱲ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱨ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱫᱤ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ, ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ '''ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ''' ᱠᱚᱭ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ — ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ, ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ, ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/root-plant |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ===

'''ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮ ᱵᱤᱨᱩᱫᱷ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱸᱜᱩ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ; ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱩᱨᱩᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Zeiger Taiz&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Taiz |first1=L. |last2=Zeiger |first2=E. |title=Plant Physiology and Development |edition=3rd |publisher=Sinauer Associates/Oxford University Press |year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Roots and Root Systems (chapter) |url=https://udspace.udel.edu/bitstream/handle/19716/2830/Chapter%205.%20Roots%20and%20Root%20Systems.pdf |publisher=University of Delaware |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱳᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱩᱵ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱠᱚᱭ ᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ (ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ) ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/root-plant |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Hodge |first=A. |title=Root growth, architecture and nutrient foraging |journal=Plant and Soil |year=2009 |doi=10.1007/s11104-009-0041-1 |doi-broken-date=3 November 2025 |url=https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-1 |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱚ ===

'''ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ:''' ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ (ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Tuberous root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/tuberous-root |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱤᱪᱷᱩ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱥᱠᱩᱞᱟᱨ ᱴᱤᱥᱩ (ᱡᱟᱭᱞᱮᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱞᱳᱭᱮᱢ) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱤᱫᱤᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref name=&quot;Zeiger Taiz&quot;&gt;{{cite book |last1=Taiz |first1=L. |last2=Zeiger |first2=E. |title=Plant Physiology and Development |edition=3rd |publisher=Sinauer Associates/Oxford University Press |year=2010}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱨᱢᱳᱱ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ, ᱥᱟᱭᱴᱳᱠᱟᱭᱱᱤᱱ, ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱱ) ᱠᱚᱭ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Steffens |first=B. |title=The physiology of adventitious roots |journal=Plant Physiology |year=2015 |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=603–617 |doi=10.1104/pp.15.01360 |pmid=26697895 |pmc=4734560 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱦᱚᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ (ᱫᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ):''' ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ (ᱱᱤᱣᱢᱮᱴᱳᱯᱷᱳᱨ, ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ) ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱡᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱭ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱵᱷ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚᱭ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Pneumatophore |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/pneumatophore-root-system |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ:''' ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱟᱭᱠᱳᱨᱟᱭᱡᱟ, ᱱᱟᱭᱴᱨᱳᱡᱮᱱ-ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱴᱤ) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Ahmed |first=N. |title=How arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance nutrient uptake and plant resilience |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |year=2025 |volume=16 |article-number=e144989 |doi=10.3897/imafungus.16.144989 |doi-access=free |pmid=40162002 |pmc=11953731 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ:''' ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ (prop/brace roots, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ]], ᱢᱮᱱᱜᱽᱨᱳᱵᱷ, ᱵᱟᱨᱮ) ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Maize plants and the brace roots that support them |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/363551213 |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ:''' ᱰᱟᱹᱨ, ᱜᱟᱸᱴᱷ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱟᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱳᱨᱴᱤᱠᱟᱞᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Adventitious root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/adventitious-root |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ ===
ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ: ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ, ᱚᱨ, ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ-ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ (ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ, ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱦᱚᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱯ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Gutjahr |first=C. |title=Multiple control levels of root system remodelling in response to symbiosis and nutrient status |journal=Frontiers in Plant Science |year=2013 |volume=4 |page=204 |doi=10.3389/fpls.2013.00204 |pmid=23785383 |pmc=3684781 |doi-access=free }}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ==
ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ, ᱜᱚᱲᱦᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ '''ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱟᱨ '''ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ — ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ '''ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ''', '''ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''', '''ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''', '''ᱫᱮᱡᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''', '''ᱵᱟᱴᱨᱮᱥ''', '''ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' ᱟᱨ '''ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱯᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ''' — ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱵᱤᱜᱽᱭᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱵᱮᱥ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/root-plant |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ===
ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ, ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱟᱹᱦᱤᱨ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱧᱪᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟ (ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ)᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ, ᱰᱮᱱᱰᱮᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Taproot |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/taproot |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ===
ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱸᱡᱽᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱞᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱲᱟ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱥᱟᱵ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ, ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱯᱩᱥᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥ (Poaceae), ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |title=Fibrous root system |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/fibrous-root-system |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚ ===
ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱝᱜᱚ (ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ, ᱜᱟᱸᱴᱷ, ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭ ᱛᱚᱨᱟᱣᱟ: ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ, ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢ, ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ (ᱦᱚᱭ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ, ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱷᱟᱣ, ᱵᱟᱱ ᱥᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱢᱚᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web |last= |first= |title=Adventitious root |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/adventitious-root |publisher=Encyclopaedia Britannica |access-date=2 November 2025}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last=Steffens |first=B. |title=The physiology of adventitious roots |journal=Plant Physiology |year=2015 |volume=170 |issue=2 |pages=603–617 |doi=10.1104/pp.15.01360 |pmid=26697895 |pmc=4734560 }}&lt;/ref&gt;

ᱫᱟᱹᱭᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ: ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ-ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱴᱮᱠᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ; ᱵᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ (''Ficus spp.'') ᱦᱚᱭ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱩᱱᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱰᱟᱹᱱᱴᱤᱜ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ; ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱯᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱨᱮᱦᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾&lt;ref&gt;{{cite arXiv |last=Hostetler |first=A.N. |title=The development and function of brace roots in maize |year=2020 |class=q-bio.TO |eprint=2008.04783}}&lt;/ref&gt;

== ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱢᱮ ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Baldocchi DD, Xu L | title = What limits evaporation from Mediterranean oak woodlands–The supply of moisture in the soil, physiological control by plants or the demand by the atmosphere? | journal = Advances in Water Resources | date = October 2007 | volume = 30 | issue = 10 | pages = 2113–22 | doi = 10.1016/j.advwatres.2006.06.013 | bibcode = 2007AdWR...30.2113B }}
* {{cite journal | last1 = Brundrett | first1 = M. C. | year = 2002 | title = Coevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants | journal = New Phytologist | volume = 154 | issue = 2| pages = 275–304 | doi = 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00397.x | pmid = 33873429 | doi-access = free | bibcode = 2002NewPh.154..275B }}
* {{cite web | last = Clark | first = Lynn | name-list-style = vanc | date = 2004 | url =http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20060103160847/http://www.eeob.iastate.edu/classes/bot404/docs/404root104.pdf | archive-date = 3 January 2006 | title = Primary Root Structure and Development – lecture notes }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Coutts MP | year = 1987 | title = Developmental processes in tree root systems | journal = Canadian Journal of Forest Research | volume = 17 | issue = 8| pages = 761–767 | doi=10.1139/x87-122| bibcode = 1987CaJFR..17..761C }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Raven JA, Edwards D | date = 2001 | title = Roots: evolutionary origins and biogeochemical significance. | journal = Journal of Experimental Botany | volume = 52 | issue = Suppl 1 | pages = 381–401 | doi = 10.1093/jxb/52.suppl_1.381 | pmid = 11326045 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Schenk HJ, Jackson RB | year = 2002 | title = The global biogeography of roots | journal = Ecological Monographs | volume = 72 | issue = 3| pages = 311–328 | doi=10.2307/3100092| jstor = 3100092 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Sutton RF, Tinus RW | year = 1983 | title = Root and root system terminology | journal = Forest Science Monograph | volume = 24 | page = 137 }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Phillips WS | year = 1963 | title = Depth of roots in soil | journal = Ecology | volume = 44 | issue = 2| page = 424 | doi=10.2307/1932198| jstor = 1932198 | bibcode = 1963Ecol...44..424P }}
* {{cite journal | vauthors = Caldwell MM, Dawson TE, Richards JH | date = 1998 | title = Hydraulic lift: consequences of water efflux from the roots of plants. | journal = Oecologia | volume = 113 | issue = 2 | pages = 151–161 | doi = 10.1007/s004420050363 | pmid = 28308192 | bibcode = 1998Oecol.113..151C }}
{{Refend}}

== ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ==
{{Commons category|Roots}}
{{Wikiquote}}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090425083339/http://ualr.edu/botany/ Botany – University of Arkansas at Little Rock]
* {{YouTube|7WID7ObQPjE|Time-lapse photography of root growth}}

{{Authority control}}

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