ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ satwiki https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B_%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9F MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.24 first-letter ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱯᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟᱣᱤᱠᱤ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱚᱸᱲᱚᱸ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ TimedText TimedText talk ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱢᱳᱰᱩᱞ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ Event Event talk 0 21271 199232 180306 2026-10-21T06:46:17Z Pinakpani 4760 image 199232 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱟᱹᱛᱩ | image_skyline = Binpur in Jhargram district 15.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|22|35|09.9|N|86|55|05.9|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] | established_title = <!-- Established --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 1,842 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|ᱟᱭ.ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱒᱑᱕᱐᱒ (ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ) | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/[[:en:Subscriber trunk dialing|ᱥᱮ.ᱴᱤ‌.ᱰᱤ]] ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱒᱒᱑ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱠᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱠᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] | website = {{URL|jhargram.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱑]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=600| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|22|18|0|N|87|0|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ/ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ'''<br/> ᱦᱥ: ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, ᱟ: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ/ ᱴᱚᱞᱟ, ᱦ: ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ/ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱲ<br/>ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱱᱟᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱷᱚᱨᱟ ᱦᱟᱱᱛᱮᱼᱱᱷᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ |mark-coord1= {{coord|22|12|30|N|86|54|0|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1=ᱜᱳᱯᱤᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ | numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[ᱜᱳᱯᱤᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]] (ᱟ)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|22|37|59|N|86|45|52|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= ᱵᱮᱞᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ | numbered2=ᱟ| mark-title2= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord3={{coord|21|59|2|N|87|6|40|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ | numbered3=ᱟ| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱟᱞᱤᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord4={{coord|22|16|18|N|86|57|8|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱵᱮᱨᱟᱦ | numbered4=ᱟ| mark-title4= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱵᱮᱨᱟᱦ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord5={{coord|22|11|57|N|87|8|19|E}} | label-pos5=right|label5=ᱵᱷᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱲ | numbered5=ᱟ| mark-title5= [[ᱵᱷᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱜᱟᱲ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord6={{coord|22|35|9|N|86|55|5|E}} | label-pos6=right|label6=ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ | numbered6=ᱟ| mark-title6= ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱟ)|shape-color6=black| label-size6=11|label-color6=black <!-- make the subject of the article stand out with black colors --> |mark-coord7={{coord|22|11|19|N|86|55|34|E}} | label-pos7=right|label7=ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱤᱱᱟᱥᱳᱞ| numbered7=ᱟ| mark-title7= [[ᱪᱷᱟᱛᱤᱱᱟᱥᱳᱞ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord8={{coord|22|27|3|N|86|52|54|E}} | label-pos8=left|label8=ᱪᱤᱞᱠᱤᱜᱚᱲ| numbered8=ᱟ| mark-title8= [[ᱪᱤᱞᱠᱤᱜᱚᱲ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord9={{coord|22|30|20|N|86|59|32|E}} | label-pos9=right|label9=ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱲᱤ| numbered9=ᱟ| mark-title9= [[ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱲᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord10={{coord|22|28|51|N|86|51|10|E}} | label-pos10=right|label10=ᱜᱤᱫᱷᱱᱤ| numbered10=ᱟ| mark-title10= [[ᱜᱤᱫᱷᱱᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord11={{coord|22|32|31|N|86|50|33|E}} | label-pos11=right|label11=ᱮᱨᱜᱳᱰᱟ| numbered11=ᱟ| mark-title11= [[ᱮᱨᱜᱳᱰᱟ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord12={{coord|22|27|3|N|86|53|52|E}} | label-pos12=bottom|label12=ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱩᱱᱤ| numbered12=ᱟ| mark-title12= [[ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱩᱱᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord13={{coord|22|31|30|N|86|52|22|E}} | label-pos13=right|label13=ᱠᱟᱯᱜᱟᱲᱤ| numbered13=ᱟ| mark-title13= [[ᱠᱟᱯᱜᱟᱲᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord14={{coord|22|0|39|N|87|8|38|E}} | label-pos14=let|label14=ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ| numbered14=ᱟ| mark-title14= [[ᱠᱷᱟᱨᱤᱠᱟᱢᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord15={{coord|22|10|56|N|87|9|34|E}} | label-pos15=right|label15=ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤᱠᱨᱤ| numbered15=ᱟ| mark-title15= [[ᱠᱩᱞᱴᱤᱠᱨᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord16={{coord|22|34|30|N|87|3|20|E}} | label-pos16=right|label16=ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱲ| numbered16=ᱟ| mark-title16= [[ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱲ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord17={{coord|22|20|16|N|87|2|53|E}} | label-pos17=right|label17=ᱞᱳᱫᱷᱟᱥᱩᱞᱤ| numbered17=ᱟ| mark-title17= [[ᱞᱳᱫᱷᱟᱥᱩᱞᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord18={{coord|22|19|25|N|87|0|44|E}} | label-pos18=right|label18=ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ| numbered18=ᱟ| mark-title18= [[ᱢᱳᱦᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord19={{coord|22|1|54|N|87|10|41|E}} | label-pos19=left|label19=ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱜᱨᱟᱢ| numbered19=ᱟ| mark-title19= [[ᱱᱟᱭᱟᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord20={{coord|22|35|30|N|87|2|0|E}} | label-pos20=right|label20=ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱭ| numbered20=ᱟ| mark-title20= [[ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱭ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord21={{coord|22|10|10|N|87|5|58|E}} | label-pos21=right|label21=ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱱᱤ| numbered21=ᱟ| mark-title21= [[ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱱᱤ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord22={{coord|22|12|8|N|87|7|40|E}} | label-pos22=left|label22=ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ| numbered22=ᱟ| mark-title22= [[ᱥᱟᱝᱠᱨᱟᱭᱤᱞ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord23={{coord|22|38|18|N|87|0|54|E}} | label-pos23=right|label23=ᱥᱤᱡᱩᱣᱟ| numbered23=ᱟ| mark-title23= [[ᱥᱤᱡᱩᱣᱟ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord24={{coord|22|15|40|N|86|54|53|E}} | label-pos24=right|label24=ᱛᱚᱯᱥᱤᱭᱟ| numbered24=ᱟ| mark-title24= [[ᱛᱚᱯᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] (ᱟ) |mark-coord25={{coord|22|27|40|N|86|58|48|E}}| label-pos25=right|label25= ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ| numbered25=ᱦ| mark-title25= [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] (ᱦ)| shape-color25= #800000 |mark-coord26={{coord|22|37|4|N|86|49|5|E}} | label-pos26=right|label26=ᱥᱤᱞᱫᱟᱹ| numbered26=ᱦᱥ| mark-title26= [[ᱥᱤᱞᱫᱟᱹ]] (ᱦᱥ) |shape-color26=#C40000 |mark-coord27={{coord|22|24|26|N|87|8|30|E}}|label27= ᱠᱚᱝᱥᱟᱵᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=25| label-pos27=top| label-size27=11| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none |mark-coord28={{coord|22|8|20|N|87|2|0|E}}|label28= ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=24| label-pos28=top| label-size28=11| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none |arc-coordA={{coord|22|0|0|N|86|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.43 |arc-coordB={{coord|22|15|0|N|86|46|0|E}}|arc-textB= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-90| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.43}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱫᱚ {{coord|22|35|09.9|N|86|55|05.9|E|display=inline}}᱾ ==ᱰᱮᱢᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱯᱷᱤ== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑,᱘᱔᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱢᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱙᱕᱐ (᱕᱐%) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱘᱙᱒ (᱔᱘%) ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱠᱩᱲᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱔᱐᱒ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱗᱖.᱑᱑%)᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | accessdate = 27 October 2016 }}</ref> ==ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ== ===ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ=== [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱒]] ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱤᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Paschim Medinipur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 14 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | title = District at a Glance | publisher = Paschim Medinipur District Police | accessdate = 27 October 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161027124602/http://policewb.gov.in/wbp/district/wmdp/wmdpstat.php | archive-date = 27 October 2016 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==ᱦᱮᱡ ᱥᱮᱱ== ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱫᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱩᱱᱯᱩᱴ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱕]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name=police>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | accessdate = 22 September 2016}}</ref> ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ== ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱑ ᱵᱞᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱚᱨᱠᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url =https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | title =Health & Family Welfare Department | work =Health Statistics – Rural Hospitals | publisher =Government of West Bengal | accessdate =1 September 2020 | archive-date =8 October 2022 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20221008143352/https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/other_files/RH.pdf | url-status =dead }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ]] bjg6rsmp5fo8xkzswjquklsefqjbb3r 0 23960 199226 199080 2026-10-20T23:06:25Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 199226 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ | image_skyline = | image_alt = | image_caption = | image_map = Tapan in Dakshin Dinajpur (West Bengal).svg | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 441.10 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = 250540 | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] --> | postal_code = | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱨᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱨᱜᱷᱟᱴ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ]], [[ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] | website = {{URL|ddinajpur.nic.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱨᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ {{coord|25.2886300|N|88.5764390|E|}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮ [[ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨᱟᱢᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱨᱜᱷᱟᱴ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱨᱜᱷᱟᱴ]] ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱷᱟᱢᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ|ᱵᱟᱞᱩᱨᱜᱷᱟᱴ]], [[ᱯᱚᱛᱱᱤᱛᱚᱞᱟ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ|ᱯᱚᱛᱱᱤᱛᱚᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ|ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱩᱯᱚᱡᱮᱞᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱞᱫᱟ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱤᱦᱟᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱟᱢᱚᱱᱜᱳᱞᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱟᱢᱚᱱᱜᱳᱞᱟ]] ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱜᱷᱮᱨᱟᱣ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook 2011 Dakshin Dinajpur | work= Map of Dakshin Dinajpur |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations | access-date = 24 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dhamoirhat_Upazila | title = Dhamorihat Upazila | publisher = Banglapedia | access-date = 24 November 2018 | archive-date = 2 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181202155045/http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Dhamoirhat_Upazila | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Patnitala_Upazila | title = Patnitala Upazila | publisher = Banglapedia | access-date = 24 November 2018 | archive-date = 11 July 2022 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220711165220/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Patnitala_Upazila | url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sapahar_Upazila| title = Sapahar Upazila| publisher = Banglapedia| access-date = 24 November 2018| archive-date = 16 June 2022| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220616183351/https://en.banglapedia.org/index.php?title=Sapahar_Upazila| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1906_PART_A_DCHB_MALDAH.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Maldah, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 391: Map of Bamangola CD Block|publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 24 November 2018}}</ref> ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱨᱟᱹᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱩᱨᱩᱭ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱤᱰᱨᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱔,᱐᱙᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ-ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒,᱒᱑᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.telegraphindia.com/7-days/living-on-the-edge/cid/1313943 |title = Living on the Edge |publisher= The Telegraph, 14 June 2015 | access-date = 29 November 2018 }}</ref> ᱡᱮᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱕᱒ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://ddinajpur.nic.in/rsvy/background/background.htm |title = Chapter:Background |publisher= District authorities| access-date = 29 November 2018 }}</ref> ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱥᱟᱹᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱔᱕.᱖᱓&nbsp;ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ^᱒ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ, ᱑᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ, ᱑᱖᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱚᱝᱥᱚᱫᱽ (ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱟᱹᱭᱥᱤ), ᱒᱗᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱚᱣᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱗᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ|ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ]] ᱯᱩᱞᱤᱥ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=statisticalhandbook1>{{cite web |url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |title = District Statistical Handbook 2014 Dakshin Dinajpur |work = Tables 2.1, 2.2 |publisher = Department of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of West Bengal |access-date = 24 November 2018 |archive-date = 21 January 2019 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook |url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook: Dakshin Dinajpur, Series 20 Part XII A | work= Map of Dakshin Dinajpur with CD Block HQs and Police Stations (on the fourth page) |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal, 2011 | access-date = 24 November 2018 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2101 | title = BDO Offices under Dakshin Dinajpur District | work = Department of Mass Education Extension & Library Services, Government of West Bengal | publisher = West Bengal Public Library Network | access-date = 24 November 2018 | archive-date = 2 November 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181102024551/http://wbpublibnet.gov.in/node/2101 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ/ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱥᱚᱢᱤᱛᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: ᱚᱡᱽᱢᱚᱛᱯᱩᱨ, ᱚᱴᱤᱱᱟ, ᱫᱤᱯᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰᱟ, ᱜᱳᱯᱷᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ, ᱜᱩᱨᱟᱭᱮᱞ, ᱦᱟᱨᱥᱩᱨᱟ, ᱦᱚᱡᱽᱨᱚᱛᱯᱩᱨ, ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱸᱪᱟ, ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱯᱩᱨ, ᱨᱟᱢᱯᱚᱨᱟᱪᱮᱪᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱯᱚᱱᱪᱚᱱᱰᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbprd.gov.in/HtmlPage/PANCHAYATS.aspx |title = Directory of District, Subdivision, Panchayat Samiti/ Block and Gram Panchayats in West Bengal |work = Dakshin Dinajpur district - Revised in March 2008 | publisher= Panchayats and Rural Development Department, Government of West Bengal | access-date = 30 November 2018}}</ref> ==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ== ===ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ=== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱕᱐,᱗᱖᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱜᱮ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱒᱘,᱕᱐᱐ (᱕᱑%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱒᱒,᱐᱐᱔ (᱔᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱘,᱒᱗᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱮᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱘᱐,᱙᱖᱓ (᱓᱒.᱓᱒%) ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱕᱕,᱙᱖᱕ (᱒᱒.᱓᱔%) ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref name=census2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/cdb_pca_census/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = C.D. Block Wise Primary Census Abstract Data(PCA) | work= West Bengal – District-wise CD Blocks|publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 20 November 2018}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱒᱖,᱑᱓᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱑᱕,᱘᱐᱙ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱑᱐,᱓᱒᱗ ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_5.htm| title = Provisional Population Totals, West Bengal, Table 4| publisher = Census Commissioner of India| work = Census of India 2001, Dakshin Dinajpur district (05)| access-date = 30 November 2018| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110719040835/http://web.cmc.net.in/wbcensus/DataTables/02/Table4_5.htm| archive-date = 2011-07-19}}</ref> ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ (᱔,᱐᱐᱐+ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱨᱮ): ᱢᱟᱱᱰᱟᱯᱟᱲᱟ (᱔,᱒᱖᱒), ᱱᱟᱳᱜᱚᱱ (᱔,᱙᱐᱘), ᱵᱚᱡᱽᱨᱟᱯᱩᱠᱩᱨ (᱘,᱕᱓᱘), ᱥᱟᱞᱟᱥ (᱔,᱗᱗᱒) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱢᱪᱚᱸᱫᱽᱨᱚᱯᱩᱨ (᱔,᱕᱓᱘) ᱾<ref name=census2011/> ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ (᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱨᱮ): [[ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ|ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ]] (᱒,᱗᱙᱖), ᱟᱡᱽᱢᱚᱛᱯᱩᱨ (᱑,᱙᱒᱐), ᱜᱳᱯᱷᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ (᱖᱕᱔), ᱫᱤᱯ ᱠᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟ (᱑,᱔᱓᱒), ᱦᱚᱡᱽᱨᱚᱛᱯᱩᱨ (᱓,᱒᱒᱕), ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱸᱪᱟ (᱑,᱕᱑᱕) ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱢᱯᱟᱲᱟ ᱪᱮᱸᱪᱨᱟ (᱑,᱓᱗᱙) ᱾<ref name=census2011/> ===ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ=== ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱒,᱔᱘᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱘.᱖᱒%) ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘᱔,᱖᱕᱖ (᱗᱔.᱒᱔%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱖᱗,᱘᱒᱖ (᱖᱒.᱖᱙%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ (ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱫᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ) ᱫᱚ ᱑᱑.᱕᱕% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census2011/> {{ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ|collapsible=y}} ===ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ=== ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱘᱒ᱹ᱒% ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ , ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱚᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ (᱑᱐ᱹ᱓%), ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ (᱑ᱹ᱘%), ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ/ᱳᱨᱟᱶ (᱑ᱹ᱗%), ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟ (᱐ᱹ᱕%), ᱥᱟᱫᱚᱱ/ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ (᱐ᱹ᱕%), ᱠᱩᱲᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱛᱷᱟᱨ (᱐.᱔%), ᱛᱮᱞᱩᱜᱩ (᱐.᱓%), ᱢᱩᱱᱰᱟᱨᱤ (᱐.᱓%), ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ (᱐ᱹ᱑%), ᱠᱳᱨᱛᱷᱟ/ᱠᱷᱳᱴᱟ (᱐ᱹ᱒%), ᱟᱨ ᱠᱳᱲᱟ/ᱠᱳᱨᱟ (᱐.᱑%) ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱒ᱹ᱒% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱒ᱹ᱒% ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱙ᱹ᱓% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐ᱹ᱓% ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱕.᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱑.᱘% ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Pages 43: Mother tongue |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 27 November 2018}}</ref> ᱟᱭᱳ ᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ {{bar box |title=ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref name="religion"/> |titlebar=#FCD116 |left1= |float=right |bars= {{bar percent|[[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]]|darkorange|69.16}} {{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ]]|green|28.39}} {{bar percent|[[ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ]]|dodgerblue|1.82}} {{bar percent|[[ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱥᱟᱨᱱᱟ]]|maroon|0.43}} {{bar percent|ᱮᱴᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ|black|0.20}} }} ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱥᱴᱟᱴᱤᱥᱴᱤᱠ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ: ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ (ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱚᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱞ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ), ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱕᱙,᱐᱖᱐ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱗᱐.᱓᱔% ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱑,᱗᱖᱐ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱗ᱹ᱓᱑% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱔,᱐᱒᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱑.᱗᱘% ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑,᱒᱘᱙ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱩᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱐.᱕᱗% ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ <ref>{{cite web| url = http://wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| title = District Statistical Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur 2014| work = Table 2.10 (a)| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal| access-date = 27 November 2018| archive-date = 21 January 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190121045803/http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook| url-status = dead}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ, ᱑᱗᱓,᱒᱕᱕ (᱕᱐.᱑᱙%) ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱗᱑,᱑᱐᱙ (᱔᱙.᱐᱐%) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱔,᱕᱕᱔ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Table C-01 Population by Religion: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11396/download/14509/DDW19C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱲᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ: ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ, ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱗᱓.᱕% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱒᱔.᱖% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱕᱙.᱙% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱔.᱐% ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱗᱓.᱕% ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱓᱙.᱔% ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱒᱐᱐᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱔.᱐% ᱠᱚᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱔.᱖% ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf |title = District Census Handbook Dakshin Dinajpur, Series 20, Part XII A | work= Census of India 2011, Page 43: Religion |publisher= Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal | access-date = 27 November 2018}}</ref> {{Pie chart |caption = ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ (᱒᱐᱑᱑)<ref name="languages"/> |label1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] |value1 = 79.74 |color1 = orchid |label2 = [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]] |value2 = 10.82 |color2 = darkturquoise |label3 = [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]] |value3 = 4.77 |color3 = mediumseagreen |label4 = [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] |value4 = 2.43 |color4 = salmon |label5 = ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ|value5 = 2.24 |color5 = grey }} ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱗᱙ᱹ᱗᱔% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], ᱑᱐ᱹ᱘᱒% ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]], ᱔.᱗᱗% ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱠᱷ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱠᱩᱲᱩᱠᱷ]] ᱟᱨ ᱒ᱹ᱔᱓% ᱫᱚ [[ᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱫᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱚᱲᱼᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾<ref name="languages">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: West Bengal |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10226/download/13338/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-1900.XLSX |website=www.censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref> ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ===ᱵᱮᱸᱠᱤᱝ=== ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱨᱟᱢᱤᱬ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱷᱚᱝᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ/ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱵᱟᱥ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨ ᱦᱮᱰᱠᱩᱣᱟᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ [[ᱮᱠᱞᱟᱠᱷᱤᱼᱵᱟᱞᱩᱨᱦᱟᱴ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱸᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web| url = https://indiarailinfo.com/train/-train-malda-town-balurghat-passenger-55421/14243/441/1899 | title= 55721x->55421 Malda Town-Balurghat Passenger | work= Time Table |publisher= India Rail Info | access-date = 30 November 2018}}</ref> ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱑᱐ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱮᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>Google maps</ref> ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱒᱐᱑᱓-᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱕,᱒᱐᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱒᱐᱒ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱓,᱐᱑᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱒᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ, ᱑᱘,᱔᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘,᱑᱓᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱴᱷᱩᱣᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱩᱱᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱒᱗᱑ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱙ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱓᱙ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱔᱗ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱮᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱓ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑ ᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱛᱟᱱᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/DCHB_A/19/1905_PART_A_DCHB_DAKSHIN%20DINAJPUR.pdf | title = District Census Handbook, Dakshin Dinajpur, 2011, Series 20, Part XII A | work = Page 595, Appendix I A: Villages by number of Primary Schools and Appendix I B: Villages by Primary, Middle and Secondary Schools, 2011 | publisher = Directorate of Census Operations, West Bengal. | access-date = 30 November 2018}}</ref> ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ|ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱢᱩᱨᱢᱩ ᱢᱮᱢᱳᱨᱤᱭᱚᱞ ᱠᱚᱞᱮᱡᱽ]] ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://nmmcollege.in/pages/107 | title = Nathaniyal Murmu Memorial College | publisher = NMMC | access-date = 4 December 2018 }}{{Dead link|date=June 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.examdrive.in/2017/02/tapan-nmm-college-admission-merit-list.html | title = Nathaniyal Murmu Memorial College | publisher = Examdrive | access-date = 4 December 2018 | archive-date = 5 December 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20181205103505/http://www.examdrive.in/2017/02/tapan-nmm-college-admission-merit-list.html | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱟᱨ== ᱒᱐᱑᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱘ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱟᱨ ᱖ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱰᱟᱠᱴᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ (ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱴ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱔᱔ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ-ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ [[ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ, ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ|ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱥᱯᱟᱛᱟᱞ (᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱫᱚ ᱛᱚᱯᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱢᱮᱰᱤᱠᱟᱞ ᱥᱩᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱢᱳᱱᱟᱦᱟᱞᱤ (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ), ᱪᱮᱸᱪᱨᱟ (ᱨᱟᱢᱯᱟᱲᱟ (ᱪᱮᱸᱪᱨᱟ) ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱪ.ᱥᱤ.)(᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱯᱩᱨ (ᱢᱟᱞᱚᱸᱪᱟ ᱯᱤ.ᱮᱪ.ᱥᱤ.) (᱑᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱰ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ) ᱨᱮ ᱯᱨᱟᱭᱢᱟᱨᱤ ᱦᱮᱞᱛᱷ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.wbhealth.gov.in/ | title = Health & Family Welfare Department | work = Health Statistics | publisher = Government of West Bengal | access-date = 7 December 2018 | archive-date = 28 October 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211028134305/https://qphs.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qimg-99a499ee367f0c1530476c81086270c8 | url-status = dead }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱩᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] jbbeo2raoqk8516queabivwbrnl60by 0 32917 199227 180422 2026-10-21T06:15:33Z Pinakpani 4760 image 199227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ | native_name = | native_name_lang = bn | other_name = | nickname = | settlement_type = ᱟᱹᱛᱩ | image_skyline = Dahijuri village in Binpur community development block, Jhargram district 05.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = | pushpin_map = India West Bengal # India | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ | coordinates = {{coord|22|30|20.5|N|86|59|32.03|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ | subdivision_name = {{flag|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ}} | subdivision_type1 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱᱮᱫ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ|ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name1 = [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | subdivision_type2 = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ|ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] | subdivision_name2 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] | established_title = <!-- ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ --> | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type = | governing_body = | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | population_total = ᱓,᱒᱓᱗ | population_as_of = ᱒᱐᱑᱑ | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ | demographics1_title1 = ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱮᱛ | demographics1_info1 = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]], [[ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ]] [[ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ]] | timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] | utc_offset1 = +᱐᱕:᱓᱐ | postal_code_type = [[Postal Index Number|PIN]] | postal_code = ᱗᱒᱑᱕᱐᱔ (ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ) | area_code_type = ᱴᱮᱞᱤᱯᱷᱚᱱ/ᱮᱥ.ᱴᱤ.ᱰᱤ. ᱠᱳᱰ | area_code = ᱐᱓᱒᱒᱑ | registration_plate = | blank1_name_sec1 = [[ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank1_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱞᱳᱠᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] | blank2_name_sec1 = [[ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ | blank2_info_sec1 = [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱵᱤᱫᱷᱟᱱᱥᱚᱵᱷᱟ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] | website = {{URL|jhargram.gov.in/}} | footnotes = }} '''ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ [[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱑ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱑]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱥᱤᱰᱤ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ-ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ== ᱒᱐᱐᱙-᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱑ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ#ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ|ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱲ ᱦᱩᱞᱥᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ ᱢᱟᱣᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news| url = http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/four-securitymen-injured-in-lalgarh-explosion/article69063.ece |title = Four securitymen injured in Lalgarh explosion |newspaper = The Hindu |date = 22 December 2009 | publisher= The Hindu, 23 December 2009 | access-date = 3 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url = http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/Two-killed-by-Maoists/articleshow/5082115.cms |title = Two killed by Maoists |newspaper = The Times of India |date = 3 October 2009 | publisher= The Times of India, 3 October 2009 | access-date = 3 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/terror-back-in-junglemahal-tmc-leaders-blame-faction/852374/ |title = Terror back in Junglemahal, TMC leaders blame faction | publisher= The Indian Express, 27 September 2011 | access-date = 3 November 2016}}</ref> ᱱᱤᱛ ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱞᱦᱮᱭᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱸᱥᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱣᱤᱥᱴ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ ᱑ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ-᱑]] [[ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱛ|ᱵᱞᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱯᱚᱧᱪᱟᱭᱮᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ== {{OSM Location map | width=400| height=600| zoom=10 | coord={{coord|22|18|0|N|87|0|0|E}}| float=left|caption='''ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱜᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ'''<br/> CT: ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ, R: ᱟᱹᱛᱩ/ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ, H: ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ/ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ<br/> |mark-coord1= {{coord|22|12|30|N|86|54|0|E}}| label-pos1=right|label1=ᱜᱳᱯᱤᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ | numbered1=R| mark-title1= [[ᱜᱳᱯᱤᱵᱚᱞᱞᱚᱵᱷᱯᱩᱨ]] (R)|label-color1=#800000 |label-size1=13| mark-size1=13|shape1=l-circle|shape-color1=#C40000|shape-outline1=white|label-offset-x1=2 |mark-coord2={{coord|22|37|59|N|86|45|52|E}} | label-pos2=right|label2= ᱵᱮᱞᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ | numbered2=R| mark-title2= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱯᱟᱦᱟᱲᱤ]] (R) |mark-coord3={{coord|21|59|15|N|87|6|40|E}} | label-pos3=right|label3=ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ | numbered3=R| mark-title3= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱜᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ]] (R) |mark-coord4={{coord|22|16|18|N|86|57|8|E}} | label-pos4=right|label4=ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱵᱮᱲᱟᱜ | numbered4=R| mark-title4= [[ᱵᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱵᱮᱲᱟᱜ]] (R) 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|mark-coord27={{coord|22|24|26|N|87|8|30|E}}|label27= ᱠᱟᱝᱥᱟᱵᱟᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color27 = #77A1CB| label-angle27=25| label-pos27=top| label-size27=11| mark-size27=0| mark-title27=none |mark-coord28={{coord|22|8|20|N|87|2|0|E}}|label28= ᱥᱚᱵᱚᱨᱱᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ| label-color28 = #77A1CB| label-angle28=24| label-pos28=top| label-size28=11| mark-size28=0| mark-title28=none |arc-coordA={{coord|22|0|0|N|86|50|0|E}}|arc-textA= ᱳᱰᱤᱥᱟ| arc-text-colorA=hard grey| arc-angleA=20| arc-gapA=3.5| arc-radiusA=0.43 |arc-coordB={{coord|22|15|0|N|86|46|0|E}}|arc-textB= ᱡᱷᱟᱨᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ| arc-text-colorB=hard grey| arc-angleB=-90| arc-gapB=3.5| arc-radiusB=0.43}} ===ᱴᱷᱟᱶ=== ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ {{coord|22|30|20.5|N|86|59|32.03|E|display=inline}} ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ===ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱮᱱᱮᱞ=== ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱵᱽᱰᱤᱵᱤᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ, ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱲᱩᱵ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ''ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ, ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ (ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ) ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, "ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱷᱚᱴᱟᱱᱟᱜᱽᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾" ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱯᱨᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱯᱷᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱛ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱡᱤᱛᱤᱞ ᱫᱷᱩᱲᱤ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ” ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Human%20Development%20Report| title = District Human Development Report Paschim Medinipur, 2011| work= pages 4-5|publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics, Government of West Bengal |accessdate = 10 September 2020}}</ref> ᱓.᱔᱘% ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱙᱖.᱕᱒% ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐.᱑᱑% ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱰᱭᱩᱞ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱒᱙.᱓᱗% ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱫᱤᱵᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.wbpspm.gov.in/publications/District%20Statistical%20Handbook | title = District Statistical Handbook Paschim Medinipur, 2013| work= Table 2.2, 2.4 (a)| publisher = Department of Planning and Statistics |accessdate = 10 September 2020}}</ref> ==ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓,᱒᱓᱗ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱕᱙᱗ (᱔᱙%) ᱠᱚᱲᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱑,᱖᱔᱐ (᱕᱑%) ᱛᱤᱨᱞᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱓᱖᱔ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱠᱷᱱᱟᱹᱛ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱮᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱒,᱐᱖᱖ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ (᱖ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱩᱢᱮᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱮᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱖᱓.᱘᱒%) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=census3-2011>{{cite web| url = http://censusindia.gov.in/pca/pcadata/Houselisting-housing-WB.html |title = 2011 Census – Primary Census Abstract Data Tables | work= West Bengal – District-wise |publisher= Registrar General and Census Commissioner, India | access-date = 27 October 2016 }}</ref> ==ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱵᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://4bankifsccode.com/find-branch-ifsc-code/STATE-BANK-OF-INDIA/Dahijuri-006697/ | title = Branch Code of SBI | publisher = 4 bank ifs code | access-date = 3 November 2016 | archive-date = 4 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104012820/http://4bankifsccode.com/find-branch-ifsc-code/STATE-BANK-OF-INDIA/Dahijuri-006697/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱭᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱮᱥ.ᱵᱤ.ᱟᱭᱤ.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://4bankifsccode.com/find-branch-ifsc-code/STATE-BANK-OF-INDIA/Dahijuri-006697/ | title = Branch Code of SBI | publisher = 4 bank ifs code | access-date = 3 November 2016 | archive-date = 4 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104012820/http://4bankifsccode.com/find-branch-ifsc-code/STATE-BANK-OF-INDIA/Dahijuri-006697/ | url-status = dead }}</ref> ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ ᱩᱛᱷᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱮᱴᱤᱮᱢ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟᱭ ᱾ ==ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ== ᱨᱩᱯᱱᱚᱨᱟᱭᱚᱱᱯᱩᱨ (ᱵᱚᱨᱫᱷᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱱᱯᱩᱴ (ᱯᱩᱨᱵᱟ ᱢᱮᱫᱤᱱᱤᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ) ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱕ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name=police>{{cite web| url = http://www.wbtrafficpolice.com/state-highways.php |title = List of State Highways in West Bengal | publisher= West Bengal Traffic Police | access-date = 22 September 2016}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ-ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱡᱽᱯᱟᱞ-ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱲ, ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ-ᱫᱷᱮᱨᱩᱣᱟ, ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ-ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱦᱟᱴᱤ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>Google</ref> ==ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ== ᱫᱟᱦᱤᱡᱩᱨᱤ ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱛᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱫᱽᱭᱟᱯᱤᱴᱷ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱔᱘ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱫ ᱥᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ-ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱫᱚᱫᱟᱨᱤ ᱟᱥᱲᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web | url = http://acadym.com/School/937199/DAHIJURI-MAHATMA-VIDYAPITH-DAHIJURI-2-PASCHIM-MEDINIPUR | title = About Dahijuri Mahatma Vidyapith | publisher = Acadym | access-date = 3 November 2016 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161104004701/http://acadym.com/School/937199/DAHIJURI-MAHATMA-VIDYAPITH-DAHIJURI-2-PASCHIM-MEDINIPUR | archive-date = 4 November 2016 | url-status = usurped }}</ref> ==ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ== *[[ᱠᱟᱯᱜᱟᱲᱤ]] *[[ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱲ, ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ|ᱞᱟᱞᱜᱚᱲ]] *[[ᱵᱤᱱᱯᱩᱨ]] *[[ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ]] ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} {{ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱷᱟᱲᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ]] 5xbvu4rle0e27geio7ric05y3zzwouh 0 38271 199225 199164 2026-10-20T22:46:46Z InternetArchiveBot 3665 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.6 199225 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width = 28em | name = {{ubli|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | ᱥᱟᱢᱞᱟᱡᱤ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ-ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ}} | color = 800000 | type = | system = | status = | locale = [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] | start = {{stnlnk|ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ}} | end = {{stnlnk|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ}} | routes = | daily_ridership = | open = {{ubli|1897: ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ |1961: ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ |1911: ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱦᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ |1913: ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ | 2002: ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ}} | close = | owner = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | operator = {{ubl|[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]|[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]]}} | character = | depot = | stock = | linelength = {{ubli |'''ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ''': |{{convert|296|km|mi}} |'''ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ''': |{{avoid wrap|ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ–ᱠᱷᱮᱰ{{nbsp}}ᱵᱨᱟᱢᱦᱟ}} {{nowrap|{{Convert|55|km|mi}} }} |{{avoid wrap|ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ{{nbnd}}ᱥᱟᱢᱞᱟᱡᱤ{{nbsp}}ᱨᱳᱰ}} {{nowrap|{{convert|138|km|mi}} }} }} | tracklength = {{convert|296|km|mi}} | stations = ᱓᱓ | tracks = ᱑ | gauge = {{track gauge|1676mm}} ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ | old_gauge = {{track gauge|1000mm}} ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ | minradius = | racksystem = | electrification = ᱦᱳᱭ | speed = | elevation = | website = | map = {{ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} | map_state = collapsed }} '''ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ''' ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]], [[ᱜᱳᱣᱟ]], [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱚᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱴᱚ ᱥᱟᱺᱜᱤᱧ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱬᱟ ᱮᱱᱮᱢ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱒᱙᱙.᱕᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱘᱖.᱑᱓ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱰᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱟᱵᱷᱚᱞᱞᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱢᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱸᱠ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱚᱥᱯᱷᱮᱴ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ==ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱚ== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ: # ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱘᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱕᱕ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ # ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱦᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱓᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://st2.indiarailinfo.com/kjfdsuiemjvcya0/0/7/3/0/1639730/0/1446114359362updatedposition191015149970.pdf Western Railways], Retrieved 16 August 2020</ref> ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱤᱰᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ; ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱦᱤᱡᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ: # ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ-ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱚᱢᱦᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱕᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) # ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱑᱓᱘ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱘᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ)<ref>{{Cite report |title=Udaipur-Himmatnagar-Ahmedabad Gauge conversion Project |date= |url=https://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_7111412212161Notecontainingdetailsoftheproject.pdf |last= |first= |access-date=2025-11-02 |url-status=live |year= |publisher=ForestsClearance.nic.in |location= |place=[[Udaipur]] |language=en-IN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707142754/http://forestsclearance.nic.in/writereaddata/Addinfo/0_0_7111412212161Notecontainingdetailsoftheproject.pdf |archive-date=2022-07-07}}</ref> ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱙᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱯᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱯ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ: ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱛᱟᱞᱚᱫᱽ, ᱛᱟᱞᱚᱫᱽ-ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱡᱽ-ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱑᱑ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱷᱮᱰ ᱵᱨᱟᱦᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱘᱘.᱗᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ (᱑᱔᱒.᱗᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ) ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[[iarchive:in.ernet.dli.2015.208633/page/n31/mode/2up|"Summary of the principal measures of the viceroyalty of the Earl of Elgin in the Public Works Department Jan 1894 to Dec 1898"]] p.20</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Government of India |url=http://archive.org/details/BombayBarodaAndCentralIndiaRailwaySystem |title=Administration Report on Railways: Bombay Baroda And Central India Railway System |year=1918 |pages=25–27}}</ref> ᱑᱙᱕᱖ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱑᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱓᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱨᱮᱞ ᱪᱟᱪᱞᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱞᱟ-ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱦᱮᱡ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1956-57.pdf RailBudget 1956-57], Retrieved 15 August 2020</ref><ref>[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/1961-62.pdf Rail Budget 1961-62], Retrieved 15 August 2020</ref> ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ, ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱮᱨᱳ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱕ ᱢᱟᱨᱪ ᱑᱙᱑᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱔᱙ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱐ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.36650 Indian Railway Board History and Progress]</ref> ᱑᱙᱙᱒ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱯᱟᱰᱵᱷᱟᱸᱡᱽ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱖᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓᱗ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://eparlib.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/445022/1/58452.pdf Government of India], Retrieved 15 August 2020</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱥᱟᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱤᱨ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱒᱐᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱒᱘ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱐᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱜᱩᱴ ᱑᱐᱕ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱖᱕ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite news |title=Modasa-Kapadvanj railway line inaugurated by Advani |last=Pathak |first=Anil |date=2002-10-28 |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Modasa-Kapadvanj-railway-line-inaugurated-by-Advani/articleshow/26491568.cms |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250429154632/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ahmedabad/Modasa-Kapadvanj-railway-line-inaugurated-by-Advani/articleshow/26491568.cms |archive-date=2025-04-29 |access-date=2025-11-02 |work=[[The Times of India]] |language=en-IN}}</ref><ref>[http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/railwayboard/uploads/directorate/finance_budget/Previous%20Budget%20Speeches/2001-02.pdf Rail Budget 2001-02], Retrieved 15 August 2020</ref><ref>[https://smedia2.intoday.in/indiatoday/English_Speech_2013-14.pdf Rail Budget 2013-14], Retrieved 15 August 2020</ref> ==ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ== [[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=3494&did=148284169683931DE37A958C24615ED4B85ADB4633F84.web91 Western Railways], Retrieved 15 August 2020</ref> ᱑ ᱡᱟᱱᱩᱣᱟᱨᱤ ᱒᱐᱑᱗ ᱨᱮ, ᱦᱤᱢᱢᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜᱚᱨ-ᱠᱷᱮᱰᱵᱨᱟᱦᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="Gujarat Samachar2017">{{Cite news |title=રેલ્વે લાઇનનું બ્રોડગેજમાં રૃપાંતરથી આજથી તલોદ-ખેડબ્રહ્મા તરફની ટ્રેનો બંધ |date=2016-12-31 |url=http://m.gujaratsamachar.com/articles/display_article/north-gujarat/north-gujarat-tower-stop-trains-from-today-khedbrahma |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170829163316/http://m.gujaratsamachar.com/articles/display_article/north-gujarat/north-gujarat-tower-stop-trains-from-today-khedbrahma |archive-date=2017-08-29 |work=[[Gujarat Samachar]] |trans-title=Due to Broad Gauge Conversion, Trains Towards Talod–Khedbrahma Suspended from Today |language=gu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=ઈડરથી ખેડબ્રહ્મા વચ્ચે 3 વર્ષથી ગેજ પરિવર્તનના નામે રેલવે વ્યવહાર બંધ |date= |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/railway-connection-cut-between-idar-and-khedbrahma-for-3-years-for-gauge-conversion-125995286.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827161826/https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/news/railway-connection-cut-between-idar-and-khedbrahma-for-3-years-for-gauge-conversion-125995286.html |archive-date=2025-08-27 |access-date=2025-11-02 |work=[[Divya Bhaskar]] |trans-title=Railway Service Suspended for 3 Years Between Idar and Khedbrahma Due to Gauge Conversion |language=gu}}</ref> ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱔᱘᱒ ᱠᱚᱨᱚᱲ (᱕᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱭᱚᱱ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ) ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite news |date=2022-06-03 |title=આનંદની લાગણી:હિંમતનગર-ખેડબ્રહ્મા રેલવે ગેજ પરિવર્તન માટે 482 કરોડ મંજૂર, આગામી 6 માસમાં ટેન્ડરીંગ |url=https://www.divyabhaskar.co.in/local/gujarat/sabarkantha/news/482-crore-sanctioned-for-gauge-conversion-of-himmatnagar-khedbrahma-railway-129889016.html |publisher=Divya Bhaskar |language=gu}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Project Summary |url=http://www.cspm.gov.in/ocmstemp/PROJ_SUMMARY?prcd=N22000537&stat=O |access-date=2025-08-23 |website=www.cspm.gov.in}} {{Dead link|date=October 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘ ᱡᱩᱱ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱰᱩᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱕ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{Cite web |last=DeshGujarat |date=2025-08-09 |title=Gauge Conversion Complete on Himmatnagar-Khedbrahma Rail Line; Safety Inspection Next Week |url=https://deshgujarat.com/2025/08/09/gauge-conversion-complete-on-himmatnagar-khedbrahma-rail-line-safety-inspection-next-week/ |access-date=2025-08-27 |website=DeshGujarat |language=en-US}}</ref> ᱒᱖ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱑᱖ ᱢᱟᱭᱤᱞ) ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ-ᱥᱟᱢᱞᱟᱡᱤ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ<ref>{{Cite report |title=Status of NL, GC & DL Projects |date=2023-12-10 |url=https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1702211126904-Status%20of%20Projects%20and%20Survey.pdf |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Western Railway zone|Western Railway]], [[Indian Railways]] |publication-date=2023-12-10 |language=en-IN |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827190503/https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/uploads/files/1702211126904-Status%20of%20Projects%20and%20Survey.pdf |archive-date=2025-08-27}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱰᱤᱭᱟᱰ-ᱢᱳᱰᱟᱥᱟ ᱪᱟᱸᱜᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ, ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱮᱦᱮᱨ ᱯᱟᱥᱮᱱᱡᱚᱨ ᱥᱮᱵᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://www.deshgujarat.com/2015/03/20/status-of-ahmedabad-udaipur-broad-gauge-rail-track/ deshgujarat.com], Retrieved 15 August 2015</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱯᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱯᱨᱚᱡᱮᱠᱴ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱦᱤᱞ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ; ᱰᱮᱢᱭᱩ (ᱰᱤᱡᱮᱞ-ᱵᱤᱡᱽᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱴ) ᱨᱮᱞᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱕ ᱚᱠᱴᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱒᱐᱑᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>[https://wr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_detail.jsp?lang=0&id=0,4,268&dcd=4506&did=1571145583941D610A152833811B807A213F7DD9D35F1 Western Railways], Retrieved 15 August 2020</ref> ᱵᱨᱳᱰ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱑᱐ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ{{when|date=January 2024}} ᱵᱟᱝ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱤᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥᱤᱭᱟᱞ ᱩᱰᱩᱠ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{update inline|date=January 2024}} ===ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱵᱨᱳᱰ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ=== ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ (ᱵᱤ ᱡᱤ) ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱣ ᱮᱫᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾{{timeframe|date=January 2024}} ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱺ * ᱑᱒᱙᱘᱑/᱑᱒᱙᱘᱒ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]]–[[ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱩᱯᱟᱨᱯᱟᱥᱴ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ) ** ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱙᱖᱕᱙/᱖᱐ ᱞᱮᱠ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ * ᱑᱙᱗᱐᱓/᱑᱙᱗᱐᱔ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ-[[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ) * ᱑᱙᱘᱒᱑/᱑᱙᱘᱒᱒ [[ᱠᱚᱴᱟ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱠᱚᱴᱟ]]–ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱵᱟᱭ-ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ) * ᱑᱙᱓᱑᱕/᱑᱙᱓᱑᱖ [[ᱵᱤᱨ ᱵᱷᱩᱢᱤ ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱳᱲᱜᱚᱲ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ) * ᱐᱙᱕᱔᱓/᱐᱙᱕᱔᱔ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ-[[ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱳᱲᱜᱚᱲ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱪᱤᱛᱛᱳᱲᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱰᱮᱢᱭᱩ (ᱫᱤᱱᱟᱹᱢ) ===ᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ=== ᱨᱮᱞ ᱜᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱨ ᱟᱜᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ: * ᱑᱒᱓᱑᱕/᱑᱒᱓᱑᱖ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱱᱭᱟ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ]] * ᱑᱒᱙᱖᱓/᱑᱒᱖᱔ [[ᱢᱮᱣᱟᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱴᱮᱱᱥᱚᱱ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ * ᱒᱐᱙᱗᱑/᱒᱐᱙᱗᱒ [[ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱥᱟᱞᱤᱢᱟᱨ]]-[[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱥᱟᱨᱵᱷᱟ ᱛᱮ * ᱑᱙᱙᱔᱓/᱑᱙᱙᱔᱔ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]: [[ᱚᱠᱷᱟ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱚᱠᱷᱟ]]-[[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱞᱟ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ * ᱑᱙᱙᱑᱑/᱑᱙᱙᱑᱒ [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ]]: [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]]-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ * [[ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]]-[[ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱱᱟᱶᱟ) * [[ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ|ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]]-[[ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ]] ᱮᱠᱥᱯᱨᱮᱥ (ᱱᱟᱶᱟ) ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ-ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱵᱨᱳᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱩᱫᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚ]] 3b17zogtfdwj0fxz0wkfrw57h3xn0er 0 38276 199231 199185 2026-10-21T06:41:21Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 /* ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ */ 199231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Tradtional Thali.jpg|thumb|upright=1.35|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱵᱟᱹᱴᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ, ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾]] '''ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ''' (Indian cuisine) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱵᱤᱪᱠᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Flavors 2024">{{cite web |last=Pant |first=Gaurav Kumar |url=https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |title=Flavors of the Indian Food |year=2024 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260415214506/https://dfe.gov.in/uploads/documents/flavours_of_the_indian_food_coimbatore.pdf |archive-date=15 April 2026}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ, ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Dias1996">{{cite book |author=Dias |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SRx9I2BqSpMC&pg=PA215 |title=The Steward |publisher=Orient Blackswan |year=1996 |isbn=978-81-250-0325-0 |page=215}}</ref><ref name="GestelandGesteland2010">{{cite book |last1=Gesteland |first1=Richard R. |last2=Gesteland |first2=Mary C. |title=India: Cross-cultural Business Behavior: for Business People, Expatriates and Scholars |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tXqDRS4IN1IC |year=2010 |publisher=Copenhagen Business School Press |isbn=978-87-630-0222-6 |page=176}}</ref> ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱵᱷᱮᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱦᱳᱲᱳ-ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱞ; ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ-ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱠᱚ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ; ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == {{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ}} [[File:Sweets 1.jpg|thumb|upright|᱑᱖ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''[[Ni'matnāmah Naṣir al-Dīn Shāhī|ᱱᱤᱭᱟᱢᱚᱛᱱᱟᱢᱟ ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱨ ᱟᱞ-ᱫᱤᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱤ]]'' ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ]] ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ|᱘,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ]] ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱥᱚᱫᱚᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱯᱢᱟᱦᱟᱫᱤᱯ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱟ-ᱦᱩᱱᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Dubey2011">{{cite book |last=Dubey |first=Krishna Gopal |title=The Indian Cuisine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_xiwkbgJbSQC |year=2011 |publisher=PHI Learning |isbn=978-81-203-4170-8}}</ref><ref name="Achaya">{{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |title=The Story of Our Food |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bk9RHRCqZOkC|year=2003 |publisher=Universities Press |isbn=978-8173712937}}</ref> ᱙᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ]] ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱩᱜᱽ ᱦᱩᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱵᱟᱝ-ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱗᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱴᱟᱭᱤᱞ ᱠᱨᱮᱥᱮᱱᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱟᱹᱭ|ᱠᱩᱸᱫᱽ ᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last=Diamond |first=Jared |title=Guns, Germs And Steel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_BrB7kg19RgC |year=2013 |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=978-1-4481-8020-2 |page=101}}</ref> [[ᱢᱮᱦᱮᱨᱜᱚᱲ]] ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱵᱟᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱥᱩᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>UNESCO World Heritage. 2004. [https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1876/"]. ''Archaeological Site of Mehrgarh''</ref><ref>Hirst, K. Kris. 2005. [http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm "Mehrgarh"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170118071157/http://archaeology.about.com/od/mterms/g/mehrgarh.htm |date=2017-01-18}}. ''Guide to Archaeology''</ref> ᱓᱐᱐᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |title=Curry, Spice & All Things Nice: Dawn of History |access-date=2008-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720170653/http://www.menumagazine.co.uk/book/dawnofhistory.html |archive-date=2011-07-20 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2013/01/indus-civilization-food-how-scientists-are-figuring-out-what-curry-was-like-4500-years-ago.html |title=Where Did Curry Come From? |first=Andrew |last=Lawler |date=January 29, 2013 |magazine=Slate}}</ref> ᱒᱓᱕᱐ ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱯᱩᱨᱵᱽ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱢᱮᱥᱳᱯᱳᱴᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱨ]] ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ-ᱤᱫᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱢᱳᱞᱩᱠᱟᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱛᱮᱨᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="JR14">{{cite book |last1=Reade |first1=Julian E. |title=The Indus-Mesopotamia relationship reconsidered (Gs Elisabeth During Caspers) |date=2008 |publisher=Archaeopress |isbn=978-1-4073-0312-3 |pages=14–17 |url=https://www.academia.edu/28245304}}</ref> [[ᱟᱠᱠᱟᱫᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱢᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱞ-ᱛᱚᱞ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱡᱮ [[ᱢᱮᱞᱩᱦᱟ]] (ᱢᱮᱱᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱱᱫᱷᱩ ᱩᱯᱚᱛᱭᱚᱠᱟ ᱥᱚᱥᱱᱚᱜ]]) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ, ᱠᱟᱨᱱᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱰᱟᱴᱟ ᱟᱹᱜᱩᱭᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾<ref name="JMI">{{cite book |last1=McIntosh |first1=Jane |title=The Ancient Indus Valley: New Perspectives |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |isbn=9781576079072 |pages=182–190 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1AJO2A-CbccC&pg=PA189}}</ref><ref name="NATC">{{cite journal |last1=Burton |first1=James H. |last2=Price |first2=T. Douglas |last3=Kenoyer |first3=J. Mark |title=A new approach to tracking connections between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia: initial results of strontium isotope analyses from Harappa and Ur |journal=Journal of Archaeological Science |date=January 2013 |volume=40 |issue=5 |pages=2286–2297 |doi=10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.040 |bibcode=2013JArSc..40.2286K |url=https://www.academia.edu/3511650}}</ref> ''[[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]]'' ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱚᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱭᱟᱡᱽᱧᱚᱵᱚᱞᱠᱭᱚ ᱥᱢᱨᱤᱛᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ "ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ" ᱥᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|p=11}} [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ [[History of the Philippines#Indianised|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ]]᱾<ref name=influ1>{{cite book |title=The Philippine cookbook |last=Alejandro |first=Reynaldo |year=1985 |publisher=Penguin |location=New York, New York |isbn=978-0-399-51144-8 |pages=12–14 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUaDoUF0tRwC&q=%22Philippine%20Cuisine%22%20influences&pg=PA12 |access-date=30 June 2011}}</ref> ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ, [[ᱟᱨᱚᱵᱽ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ,<ref>[http://indianfood.about.com/od/thebasics/p/northindia.htm ''The Cuisine of North India''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201127014402/https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-north-india-1957883 |date=2020-11-27}}, about.com</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱹᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱮᱯᱮᱢ-ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱞ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱯᱩᱨᱩᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ᱾<ref name="Civitello2011">{{cite book |last=Civitello |first=Linda |title=Cuisine and Culture: A History of Food and People |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CwRE0HIIyWkC&pg=PA267 |access-date=4 June 2012 |date=29 March 2011 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-40371-6 |page=267}}</ref> ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱚᱞ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ]] ᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ᱾ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱯᱤᱞᱟᱣ|ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|p=194}} [[ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱠᱤᱝ (baking) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ [[ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ|ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱞᱟᱹᱛᱤ]], [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]], [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ]], [[ᱠᱩᱦᱱᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱑᱘᱒᱒ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ]] ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱜᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="Gopalakrishnan2007">{{cite book|author=T. R. Gopalakrishnan|title=Vegetable Crops|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-mTUBjSyo_UC&pg=PA209|year=2007|publisher=New India Publishing|isbn=978-81-89422-41-7|pages=209–}}</ref> ᱑᱘ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ, ᱥᱠᱳᱴᱤᱥ ᱦᱚᱲ [[Robert Lindsay (Sylhet)|ᱨᱚᱵᱟᱨᱴ ᱞᱤᱱᱰᱥᱮ]] ᱢᱤᱫ [[ᱥᱤᱞᱮᱴᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ (curry) ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="star">{{cite news |last=Al-Mahmood |first=Syed Zain |url=http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|title=Down the Surma - Origins of the Diaspora |newspaper=[[Daily Star (Bangladesh)|Daily Star]]|date=19 December 2008|volume=7|issue=49|access-date=1 May 2019 |archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109173600/http://archive.thedailystar.net/magazine/2008/12/02/history.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ == === ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ]] ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]], [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ]], [[ᱟᱴᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱩᱥᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱚᱲᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, [[ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ|ᱵᱤᱨᱦᱤ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ᱾ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ, ᱪᱚᱠᱟᱜ ᱪᱷᱟᱰᱟᱣ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Johnston1958">{{cite book |first=Bruce F. |last=Johnston |title=The Staple Food Economies of Western Tropical Africa |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wyCrAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA14 |year=1958 |publisher=Stanford University Press |isbn=978-0-8047-0537-0 |page=14}}</ref> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ|ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]],<ref name="LocricchioMcConnell2004">{{cite book |first1=Matthew |last1=Locricchio |first2=Jack |last2=McConnell |title=The Cooking of India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ijiRROaS3UUC&pg=PA77 |year=2004 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-0-7614-1730-9 |page=77}}</ref> ᱟᱨ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Sarkar 2020">{{cite web |last=Sarkar |first=Petrina Verma |title=The Cuisine of South India |url=https://www.thespruceeats.com/cuisine-of-south-india-1957884 |website=The Spruce Eats |access-date=22 November 2025 |date=8 May 2020}}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱚᱣᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱦᱚᱠ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="ShiHo2010">{{cite book |first1=John |last1=Shi |author2=Chi-Tang Ho |first3=Fereidoon |last3=Shahidi |title=Functional Foods of the East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7VENd7fgLIkC&pg=PA64 |year=2010 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-1-4200-7192-4 |page=64}}</ref> ᱒᱑ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱨᱚᱡᱽᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]], ᱠᱩᱥᱩᱢ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱭᱟᱵᱤᱱ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ]] ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="KumarDubey2006">{{cite book |first1=Arvind |last1=Kumar |first2=Pushpalata |last2=Dubey |title=Green Technologies for Sustainable Agriculture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rrZIde3mIlQC&pg=PA28 |year=2006 |publisher=Daya Publishing House |isbn=978-81-7035-419-2 |page=28}}</ref> ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱤᱱᱮᱴᱮᱰ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''[[ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ|ᱵᱚᱱᱚᱥᱯᱚᱛᱤ ᱜᱷᱤ]]'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱢᱟᱫᱷᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Sharma">{{cite book |last=Sharma |first=J. P. |title=Academic Biology IX |year=2008 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HZBLu-IGByQC&pg=PA97 |publisher=Laxmi Publications |isbn=978-81-7008-579-9 |page=97}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]], [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ|ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱡᱟᱝ, [[ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ]], [[ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ]], [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]], [[ᱦᱤᱝ]], [[ᱟᱫᱟ]], [[ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ]]᱾<ref name="Kapoor2002">{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}</ref> ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱟᱸᱪ ᱯᱷᱳᱲᱚᱱ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱜᱳᱰᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱲᱦᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱮᱡᱽᱯᱟᱛᱟ]], ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, [[ᱢᱮᱛᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱩᱫᱤᱱᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]]<ref name="Gress2008">{{cite book |first=Priti Chitnis |last=Gress |title=Flavorful India: Treasured Recipes from a Gujarati Family |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=E6snLg--pjUC&pg=PA15|year=2008 |publisher=[[Hippocrene Books]] |isbn=978-0-7818-1207-8 |page=15}}</ref> ᱟᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Sanmugam2007">{{cite book |first=Devagi |last=Sanmugam |title=Naturally Speaking: Indian: Recipes and Home Remedies |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_9HNd3jG1ZsC&pg=PA69 |year=2007 |publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]] |isbn=978-981-232-715-4 |page=69}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode="nolines" widths=220 heights=130 caption="ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ"> File:Spices in an Indian market.jpg|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱠᱚ File:3 types of lentil.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ </gallery> === ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱱᱪᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱯᱟᱵ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱮᱦᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱭᱞᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱜᱷᱟᱸᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱯᱨᱮᱥᱟᱨ ᱠᱩᱠᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ, ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ, ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱵᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣᱟ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱟᱭᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ-ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ-ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ᱾ ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ''ᱵᱟᱜᱟᱨ'', ''ᱪᱷᱚᱣᱠ'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱛᱟᱲᱠᱟ'' ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱷᱤ]] ᱥᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱞ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱩᱛᱩ|ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱟᱫᱞᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱩᱞᱩᱝ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱩᱰᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱟᱥᱟ, ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱮᱱᱞᱮᱥ ᱥᱴᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ''ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ'' ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ, ᱟᱲᱟᱜ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱜᱩᱰᱱᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ [[ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ / ᱴᱷᱚᱠᱚᱜ]] ᱛᱮ ᱨᱤᱫ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=241–243}} <gallery class=center mode="nolines" widths=180 heights=140 caption="ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ"> File:Firewood, the substitute of LPG (cropped).jpg|ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱪᱩᱞᱦᱟᱹ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱦᱟᱹᱱᱰᱞ ᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱟᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ File:Batan (stone) and uña, the traditional utensils, are in use of grinding spices at a Bengali household in West Bengal, India.jpg|ᱥᱤᱞ-ᱵᱤᱴᱟ (ᱫᱷᱤᱨᱤ ᱨᱤᱫ) ᱛᱮ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱨᱤᱫ </gallery> == ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ == {{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}} {{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}} ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=243–272}} ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱢᱚᱫᱷᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤ]] ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱣᱨᱳᱯ (ᱨᱟᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱭ-ᱦᱤᱥᱤᱫ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱤᱢᱟᱞᱚᱭ]] ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱞᱟᱱ ᱰᱮᱵᱷᱤᱰᱥᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱢᱤᱫᱩᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱥᱮ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ "ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ" ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} === ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ === [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[Street food of Chennai|ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]], [[Shahjahanabad|ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[Street food of Mumbai|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]]᱾ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="CN Traveller 2017">{{cite web |title=Where to find the most fantastic street food in India |url=https://www.cntraveller.com/gallery/best-indian-street-food |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=9 August 2017}}</ref> [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ,<ref>{{cite news |last=Sarma |first=Ramya |title=In Search of Mumbai Vada Pav |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-mumbai-vada-pav/article3657300.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621004414/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/article3657300.ece |archive-date=21 June 2013}}</ref> ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ [[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last1=Rajagopalan |first1=Ashwin |title=Where to find the best idlis in Chennai |url=https://www.cntraveller.in/story/find-best-idlis-chennai/ |website=Conde Nast Traveller |date=28 August 2018}}</ref> <gallery class="center" mode="nolines" widths="160" heights="160" caption="ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ"> File:Idli Sambar.JPG|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱨ|ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ]], ᱪᱮᱱᱱᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ File:Kebabs in Delhi -Alina Tiphagne.jpeg|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱚᱲᱚᱠ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] File:Aran Vada Pav Mumbai.jpg|ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]] File:Kolkata Rolls.jpg|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]] </gallery> === ᱠᱚᱧᱮ === [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱯᱨᱚᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤ]], ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱠᱳᱵᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=245–246}} ᱤᱱᱰᱳ-ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱰᱷᱟᱹᱠᱱᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱮᱥᱮᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ ᱥᱮᱸᱜᱮᱞ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Ray Srinivas 2012">{{cite book |last1=Ray |first1=Krishnendu |last2=Srinivas |first2=Tulasi |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=c7MwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA121 |title=Curried Cultures: Globalization, Food, and South Asia |publisher=[[University of California Press]] |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-520-27012-1 |pages=110–124}}</ref> [[ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ, ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ (ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱳᱜᱚᱱ ᱡᱳᱥ]]) ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=205-206, 245–246}} <gallery class=center mode="nolines" widths=160 heights=160 caption="[[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ"> File:Lucknowi Mutton Matka Dum Biriyani.jpg|[[ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱱᱚᱣ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱚᱢ ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ'', ᱦᱟᱥᱟ ᱴᱩᱠᱩᱡ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱠᱷᱛ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ File:Wazwan trami full.jpg|ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱣᱟᱡᱽᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱵᱷᱳᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ </gallery> === ᱯᱟᱪᱮ === [[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱥᱨᱤᱠᱷᱚᱸᱰ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=254–255}} [[ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱬᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]]''᱾ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱠᱮ. ᱴᱤ. ᱟᱪᱟᱭᱟ]] ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱢᱩᱜᱽ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ, ᱩᱛᱩ ᱯᱩᱞᱟᱣ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱣᱟᱨ]], [[ᱵᱟᱡᱽᱨᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲᱟ]] ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}} ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱳᱨᱛᱩᱜᱤᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱳᱨᱯᱳᱛᱮᱞ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=133–137}} <gallery class=center mode="nolines" widths=160 heights=160 caption="[[ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ"> File:Undhiyu.jpg|ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱩᱱᱫᱷᱤᱭᱩ]] File:Zunka from Maharashtra.JPG|[[ᱡᱷᱩᱱᱠᱟ]] File:Chhole Upma - Homemade, Jabalpur - Madhya Pradesh - IMG001.jpg|ᱪᱷᱳᱞᱮ ᱩᱯᱢᱟ </gallery> === ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ === [[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ]], ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ [[ᱨᱩᱭ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱠᱟᱨᱯ]], ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱵᱷᱮᱠᱴᱤ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱚᱱᱫᱮᱥ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}} ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ [[ᱛᱩᱲᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ ᱯᱮᱥᱴ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=128–133}} [[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱚᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱹᱛᱩ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=265–271}} <gallery class=center mode="nolines" widths=160 heights=160 caption="[[ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ"> File:ইলিশ মাছ ভাজা ও ভাত.jpg|[[ᱵᱮᱝᱜᱚᱞ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱤᱞᱤᱥ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ|ᱤᱞᱤᱥ]]'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805345 - Regional Litti Chokha.jpeg|[[ᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ [[ᱞᱤᱴᱴᱤ ᱪᱳᱠᱷᱟ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱴᱤᱠᱮᱴ ᱨᱮ File:Ever tried a rice cooked in a bamboo?.jpg|ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱫᱟᱠᱟ]], ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ File:Prosad thali.jpg|ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ]] </gallery> === ᱮᱛᱚᱢ === [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ]], ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=408–410}} ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ, ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱰᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Achaya|1998|pp=118–127}} ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ, ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=259–260}} <gallery class=center mode="nolines" widths=160 heights=160 caption="[[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ"> File:Bisi Bele Bath (Bisibelebath).JPG|[[ᱵᱤᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱞᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱛ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ File:Ondu Plate Idli Vada.jpg|[[ᱤᱰᱞᱤ|ᱛᱷᱟᱴᱴᱮ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ]], ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱰᱞᱤ File:Dosa Classic.jpg|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱞ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱳᱥᱟ]] File:Prawn Biryani, Hyderabad.jpg|ᱤᱪᱟᱹᱲ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]] </gallery> == ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ == [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱮᱞᱮᱱᱰᱟᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>Ferro-Luzzi, G. Eichinger. “Food for the Gods in South India: An Exposition of Data.” Zeitschrift Für Ethnologie 103, no. 1 (1978): 86–108.</ref><ref>Babb, L. A. (1975). The divine hierarchy: Popular Hinduism in central India. Columbia University Press.</ref> === ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ === ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱱᱟᱭᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽᱭᱚ}} ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ {{langx|sa-latn|ᱵᱷᱳᱜᱽ}} ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ-ᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱟᱹ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱵᱽ]] ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱛᱚ]] ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ|ᱡᱟᱱᱣᱟᱨ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Pinkney|2018|loc=Material ''Prasāda'' in Hindu Ritual}} === ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱩᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ === ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱤᱥᱮᱥ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱤᱣᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱦᱟᱞᱣᱟ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱚᱱ ᱯᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱩᱡᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite book |last=Engfer |first=L. |date=2004 |title=Desserts around the world |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O8bLtgjnRysC&pg=PA7 |publisher=Lerner Publications |page=12 |isbn=978-0822541653}}</ref>{{sfn|Sen|2016|pp=104–106}} === ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ === ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱸᱜᱟ-ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=6}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ, [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]], ᱡᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱟᱨᱪ ᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ]]'',<ref>{{cite book |last=Arnott |first=Margaret L. |title=Gastronomy : the anthropology of food and food habits |date=1975 |publisher=Mouton |location=The Hague |isbn=978-9027977397 |page=319 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=8mT_aCfrE0UC |page=315}} }}</ref> [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ]],<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Walker |editor-first=Harlan |title=Food on the move : proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 1996 |date=1997 |publisher=Prospect Books |location=Devon, England |isbn=978-0-907325-79-6 |page=291 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=uYqTiD7SbcQC}} }}</ref> ᱟᱨᱟᱜ [[ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱨᱠᱚᱱᱫᱟ]], [[ᱟᱢᱟᱨᱟᱱᱛᱷ]] ᱡᱟᱝ,<ref name="National Academies">{{cite book |title=Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0D4rAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1 |year=1984|publisher=National Academies |page=6 |isbn=978-0309324458 |id=NAP:14295}}</ref> ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟ ᱜᱩᱱᱰᱞᱤ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=7}} ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱷᱟᱨᱟᱞᱤ ᱪᱤᱣᱲᱟ, ''[[ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱥᱩᱯ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Dalal|2010|p=63}} <gallery class=center mode="nolines" widths=160 heights=160> File:Ekadashi Lunch.jpg|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱮᱠᱟᱫᱚᱥᱤ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱩ File:Lakshmi Puja prasad 03.jpg|ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ|ᱞᱚᱠᱷᱢᱤ ᱯᱩᱡᱟᱹ]] ᱯᱨᱚᱥᱟᱫᱽ File:Sabudana Khichdi.jpg|''ᱥᱟᱵᱩᱫᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ'', ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱥ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ </gallery> == ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ-ᱢᱤᱥᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ == [[File:Chicken Tikka.jpg|thumb|''ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ'']] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱰᱟᱭᱟᱥᱯᱳᱨᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱤᱡᱽᱡᱟ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |title=Curry |first=Lizzie |last=Collingham |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |work=[[The New York Times Book Review]] |date=1 February 2006 |access-date=5 May 2010 |archive-date=24 April 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090424133608/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/01/books/01grim.html |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ''[[ᱛᱟᱱᱫᱩᱨ]]'' ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ''[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527152720/http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/australia/brisbane/what-where-to-eat/indian-restaurants-in-brisbane/tandoori-village-restaurant-brisbane.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=27 May 2008 |title=Tandoori Village Restaurant Brisbane |publisher=AsiaRooms.com}}</ref> === ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ === {{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ}} [[File:Chicken Manchurian (Hyderabad Style) (11960049916).jpg|thumb|[[ᱦᱟᱭᱫᱽᱨᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ]] ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱢᱟᱱᱪᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙ ᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱮᱱᱴᱚᱱ (ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱣᱟᱝᱡᱳᱣ) ᱠᱷᱚᱱ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ]] ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ|ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱫᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ]] ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱚᱞᱚ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Mannur">{{cite book |last=Mannur |first=Anita |title=Culinary Fictions: Food in South Asian Diasporic Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bLbG-5tWKlEC&pg=PA233 |access-date=21 July 2012 |year=2004|publisher=[[Temple University Press]] |isbn=978-1-4399-0078-9 |page=233}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱦᱟᱠᱠᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱟᱹᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Mannur"/> [[ᱪᱤᱱ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱭᱡᱤᱝ]], [[ᱥᱟᱝᱦᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱮᱱᱡᱮᱱ]] ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ [[ᱦᱚᱝᱠᱚᱝ]] ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱕᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Mathews2011">{{cite book|first=Gordon|last=Mathews|title=Ghetto at the Center of the World: Chungking Mansions, Hong Kong|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ks-sZHUFTd4C&pg=PA34|year=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-51020-0|page=34}}</ref> === ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ === [[File:Komala's Restaurant, Serangoon Road, Singapore - 20060827.jpg|thumb|[[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ]] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ [[ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]]<ref name="vegvoyages.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |title=Nasi, Kari, Biryani & Mee |publisher=Veg Voyages |access-date=23 June 2009 |archive-date=28 June 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090628154725/http://www.vegvoyages.com/food.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref> ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱝᱜᱟᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |title=Go India: Curry, my love? |first=Viviane |last=Then |access-date=12 September 2008 |archive-date=5 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080805024246/http://www.streetdirectory.com/restaurants/singapore/reviews/restaurant-Go_India-1000000999.php |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱥᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ [[ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱳᱰᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱞᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱞᱟᱣ]], [[ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ]], [[ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱤᱭᱮᱛᱱᱟᱢ]], [[ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ]], [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱛᱷᱟᱭ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱚᱨᱢᱤ]]᱾ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ श्रेय ᱫᱚ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Corum2000">{{cite book |first=Ann Kondo |last=Corum |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RI9BPVDH8HsC&pg=PA174|title=Ethnic Foods of Hawai'i |publisher=Bess Press |year=2000 |isbn=978-1-57306-117-9 |page=174}}</ref> [[ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱠᱷᱩ [[ᱵᱩᱫᱫᱷᱚᱫᱟᱥ]] ᱮ ᱚᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱴᱷᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱭᱩᱨᱵᱮᱫᱽ|ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="indthai">{{cite news |url=http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |title=Historical Ties India and Thailand |access-date=4 April 2020 | archive-date=28 January 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170128152426/http://www.esamskriti.com/essay-chapters/Historical-Ties-India-and-Thailand-1.aspx |url-status=live}}</ref> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱯᱯᱟᱢ]]'' ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ, ''[[ᱵᱤᱨᱭᱟᱱᱤ]]'' ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |title=5 Rekomendasi Lontong Kari Enak di Bandung, Cocok Pisan buat Sarapan! |language=Indonesian |url=https://www.idntimes.com/food/dining-guide/ranggana/5-rekomendasi-lontong-kari-enak-di-bandung-c1c2 |newspaper=[[IDN Times]] |date=31 January 2020 |access-date=25 April 2023}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160> File:Indian rojak.JPG|[[ᱢᱟᱞᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''ᱨᱳᱡᱟᱠ'' File:Roti Cane Kari Kambing Aceh.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱤᱱᱰᱳᱱᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱳᱴᱤ ᱪᱟᱱᱟᱭ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱢᱮᱨᱚᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ File:Achara.jpg|ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱤᱯᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱟᱪᱟᱨᱟ]]'' ᱟᱪᱟᱨ </gallery> === ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ ᱨᱚᱲ ᱫᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮ === [[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱨᱟᱡᱽ]] ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱛᱱᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱟᱹᱢᱟᱹᱞᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱸᱫᱷᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]],{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=118–125, 140}} [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nls.uk/year-of-food-and-drink/october |title=Sustainable shore – October recipe – Year of Food and Drink 2015 |work=nls.uk |access-date=30 September 2016}}</ref> ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=21–22}} ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ, [[ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱦᱟᱣᱩᱥ]], ᱑᱘᱑᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱱᱰᱚᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="BBC">{{cite news |date=29 September 2005 |title=Curry house founder is honoured |url=https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/4290124.stm |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref> ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]] ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱦᱟᱞᱠᱟ [[ᱠᱳᱨᱢᱟ]], ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱢᱟᱞᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱢᱟᱫᱽᱨᱟᱥ ᱠᱟᱹᱨᱤ]], ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱵᱷᱤᱱᱰᱟᱞᱩ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱷᱟᱞ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱞ]]; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="BBC Ultimate Guide">{{cite web |title=From balti to bhuna: the ultimate guide to curry |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/3jPY8xvk41DrT93Lw4XPk1w/from-balti-to-bhuna-the-ultimate-guide-to-curry |publisher=[[BBC Radio 4]] |access-date=2 November 2025}}</ref> [[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱸᱰᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ᱾<ref name=Guardian2001>{{cite news |last=Cook |first=Robin |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/apr/19/race.britishidentity |title=Robin Cook's chicken tikka masala speech |date=19 April 2001 |newspaper=[[The Guardian]]}}</ref> [[ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ|ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ]], [[ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱰᱟ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱚᱥᱴᱨᱮᱞᱤᱭᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱟᱨᱞᱮᱱᱰ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱑᱙᱐᱘ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last=Kennedy |first=Michael |date=5 March 2013 |title=Food:'Where's the Taj Mahal?': Indian restaurants in Dublin since 1908 |url=http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/foodwheres-the-taj-mahal-indian-restaurants-in-dublin-since-1908/ |work=History Ireland}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=130 widths=170> File:Mulligatawny-Soup Mumbai.jpg|[[ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ]] ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱞᱞᱤᱜᱟᱴᱟᱣᱱᱤ ᱥᱩᱯ]] File:Kedgeree.jpg|ᱮᱝᱞᱳ-ᱤᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱮᱰᱜᱮᱨᱤ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱤᱪᱲᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ File:Chicken tikka masala (cropped).jpg|[[ᱪᱤᱠᱮᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱟ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]], ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ </gallery> == ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ == {{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ ᱠᱚ}} ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ, ᱥᱮ ''[[ᱢᱤᱴᱷᱟᱭ]]'', ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ [[ᱠᱷᱳᱣᱟ]] ᱛᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ (ᱪᱷᱟᱱᱟ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱡᱩ, ᱯᱮᱥᱛᱟ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱡᱟᱭᱯᱷᱚᱞ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱥᱳᱱᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱨᱩᱯᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱚᱨᱚᱠ ᱛᱮᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱨᱚᱥᱜᱚᱞᱞᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]]'', ''[[ᱡᱤᱞᱟᱹᱯᱤ|ᱡᱤᱞᱮᱵᱤ]]'', ''[[ᱞᱟᱹᱰᱩ]]'' ᱟᱨ ''[[ᱯᱮᱰᱟ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾{{sfn|Davidson|2014|pp=410–411}} <gallery class=center mode=nolines heights=160 widths=160> File:Kheer.jpg|[[ᱠᱷᱤᱨ]], ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ File:Gulab-jamun-wallpaper-1.jpg|[[ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱟᱢᱩᱱ]] </gallery> == ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ == {{See also|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ}} === ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ === [[ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱛᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱥᱟᱢ ᱪᱟ|ᱟᱥᱟᱢ]], [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ|ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ ᱪᱟ|ᱱᱤᱞᱜᱤᱨᱤ]] ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱟᱱ ᱪᱟ [[ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱪᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ, ᱫᱟᱜ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱞᱚᱵᱚᱝ, ᱫᱟᱨᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱫᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱰᱮᱡ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱤᱥᱠᱩᱴ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱯᱟᱠᱳᱲᱟ]] ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾{{sfn|Collingham|2007|pp=187–214}} [[ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ-ᱟ]], ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱨᱱᱟᱴᱚᱠ, ᱠᱮᱨᱟᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱢᱤᱞᱱᱟᱰᱩ ᱨᱮ᱾<ref name=value>{{cite web |title=Coffee Board of India |url=http://www.indiacoffee.org/coffee-statistics.html |website=indiacoffee.org |access-date=10 February 2017}}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ''[[ᱞᱟᱥᱥᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ [[ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ]] ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="BalasubramanianJannu2011">{{cite book |first1=Anuja |last1=Balasubramanian |first2=Hetal |last2=Jannu |last3=Patel |first3=Raj R. |title=The Healthy Indian Diet |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gqal3wlxkBsC&pg=PA170 |year=2011 |publisher=Raj Patel |isbn=978-1-4611-2213-5|page=170}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱨᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱷᱟᱱᱴᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱫᱟᱜ, [[ᱩᱞ]], [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]] ᱟᱨ ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="BrownThomas2008">{{cite book |first1=Lindsay |last1=Brown |first2=Amelia |last2=Thomas |title=Rajasthan, Delhi and Agra |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zz0_zXPb68kC&pg=PA69 |year=2008 |publisher=[[Lonely Planet]] |isbn=978-1-74104-690-8 |page=69}}</ref> ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ (ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ)|ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ]]'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ''[[ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="HerbstHerbst2007">{{cite book |last1=Herbst |first1=Sharon Tyler |last2=Herbst |first2=Ron |title=The New Food Lover's Companion |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8Ksis9IrRp4C |year=2007 |publisher=Barron's snippet |isbn=978-0-7641-3577-4}}</ref> ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱨᱵᱚᱛ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ]], [[ᱪᱚᱱᱫᱚᱱ]], ᱵᱮᱞ, ᱩᱞ, [[ᱞᱮᱢᱵᱳ]], ᱠᱚᱢᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ [[ᱟᱱᱟᱨᱚᱥ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾ ''[[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ, ᱢᱚᱣᱨᱤ, ᱛᱚᱨᱵᱩᱡᱽ ᱡᱟᱝ, ᱜᱳᱞᱟᱯ ᱯᱟᱯᱲᱤ, ᱜᱳᱞᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ, ᱯᱳᱥᱛᱳ, ᱵᱷᱟᱝ, ᱮᱞᱟᱪᱤ, ᱠᱮᱥᱚᱨ, ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱤᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱦᱳᱞᱤ]] ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱩᱲᱟᱹᱭ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |title=Thandai: An ancient cannabis drink for celebrating Holi |url=https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240325-thandai-an-ancient-cannabis-drink-for-celebrating-holi |access-date=11 August 2024 |work=BBC}}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:Darjeeling, India, Darjeeling tea in variety, Black tea.jpg|[[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱪᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ File:Filter Kaapi at Sarvana Bhavan Restaurant, Chennai, Tamil Nadu.jpg|[[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱤᱞᱴᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ]] ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣᱟ File:BadamMilk.JPG|ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ File:Holi Special Chilled Thandai-Kolkata-West Bengal.jpg|ᱦᱳᱞᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ [[ᱛᱷᱟᱱᱰᱟᱭ]] </gallery> === ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ / ᱢᱟᱫᱚᱠ ᱧᱩᱣᱟᱜ === ==== ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ==== {{main|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ}} [[File:Chhyang or Chhaang - Fermented rice drink! (8902831091).jpg|thumb|upright|ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'']] [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (lager, ᱔.᱘% ᱮᱞᱠᱳᱦᱚᱞ) ᱟᱨᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱴᱨᱚᱝ ᱞᱮᱜᱟᱨ (᱘.᱙%) ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|title=German froth Bitburger to debut in India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/german-froth-bitburger-to-debut-in-india/399365/|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 June 2010|first=Ravi|last=Menon}}</ref> ''[[ᱪᱷᱟᱝ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱵᱽ, ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱰᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱥᱤᱠᱠᱤᱢ]] ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱟᱨᱡᱤᱞᱤᱝ ᱵᱩᱨᱩ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱛᱩᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Bamforth2010">{{cite book |last=Bamforth |first=Charles W. |title=Beer Is Proof God Loves Us: Reaching for the Soul of Beer and Brewing |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JJjJ1_9mPKoC&pg=PA84 |year=2010 |publisher=FT Press |isbn=978-0-13-706507-3 |page=84}}</ref> ==== ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ==== ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ''[[ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ)|ᱯᱷᱮᱱᱤ]]'' ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ [[ᱠᱟᱡᱩ]] ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱜᱳᱣᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ [[ᱚᱛᱱᱚᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ|GI ᱴᱮᱜᱽ]] ᱦᱚᱸᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news|title=Goan fenny, Assam tea, Lucknow chikan to get GI registry soon|url=http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2008-09-21/news/28479975_1_assam-tea-gi-registry-darjeeling-tea|access-date=28 June 2012|date=21 September 2008|newspaper=[[The Economic Times]]}}</ref> ''[[ᱦᱟᱺᱰᱤ]]'' ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱟᱣᱞᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱭᱟᱨ (ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱯᱛᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾<ref name=journal>{{cite journal |title=Some interesting indigenous beverages among the tribals of Central India |url=http://nopr.niscair.res.in/bitstream/123456789/847/1/IJTK%206(1)%20(2007)%20141-143.pdf |journal=Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge |date=January 2007 |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=141–143 |accessdate=8 February 2012}}</ref> [[ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ|ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱣᱨᱟᱹ]], ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱱᱤᱨᱟ'', ''ᱠᱟᱞᱞᱩ'' ᱥᱮ ᱛᱟᱹᱲᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜ-ᱟ, [[ᱛᱟᱞᱮ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱛᱟᱞᱮ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ|ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱡᱩᱨ]] ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱟ᱾<ref name="All-Asia guide">{{cite book|title=All-Asia guide|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVAmAAAAMAAJ|year=1978|publisher=Far Eastern Economic Review|isbn=978-0-8048-1266-5|page=162}}</ref> == ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱛᱟᱜ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱪᱟ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱚᱯᱷᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱩᱭᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ [[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]], [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ [[ᱟᱪᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱦᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Dalal2001(2)">{{cite book |first=Tarla |last=Dalal |title=Achaar Aur Parathe |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a7I0jOHXt1IC&pg=PA85 |year=2001 |publisher=Sanjay & Co |isbn=978-81-86469-54-5 |page=85}}</ref> ᱜᱩᱡᱽᱨᱟᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''[[ᱫᱷᱳᱠᱞᱟ]]'' ᱟᱨ ᱛᱳᱣᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ, ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ''ᱤᱰᱞᱤ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱫᱳᱥᱟ'' ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ''ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱷᱟᱨ'' ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="BruynBain2010">{{cite book |last1=De Bruyn |first1=Pippa |first2=Keith |last2=Bain |first3=David |last3=Allardice |first4=Shonar |last4=Joshi |title=Frommer's India |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HlqM2CR4vfUC&pg=PA38 |year=2010 |publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] |isbn=978-0-470-60264-5 |page=38}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱟᱠᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱜᱩᱦᱩᱢ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ-ᱯᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱠᱟ-ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ''[[ᱠᱩᱞᱪᱟ]]'', ''[[ᱱᱟᱱ]]'' ᱥᱮ ''ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ [[ᱯᱟᱱ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱦᱮᱣᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Kapoor 2002">{{cite book |last=Kapoor |first=Subodh |title=The Indian Encyclopaedia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q5ZM0nZXZEkC&pg=PA1745 |year=2002 |publisher=Cosmo Publications |isbn=978-81-7755-257-7 |page=1745}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱵ ᱵᱮᱲᱟ ᱪᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱳᱥᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱜᱟᱞᱢᱟᱨᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱩᱵᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |title=10 types of samosa enjoyed across the country |url=https://recipes.timesofindia.com/web-stories/10-types-of-samosa-enjoyed-across-the-country/photostory/119043039.cms |access-date=16 August 2026 |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=15 March 2025}}</ref> ᱧᱤᱫᱟᱹ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref name="KittlerSucher2011">{{cite book |last1=Goyan Kittler |first1=Pamela |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R06H7WabJuMC&pg=PA449 |title=Food and Culture |last2=Sucher |first2=Kathryn P. |last3=Nelms |first3=Marcia |publisher=Cengage Learning |year=2011 |isbn=978-0-538-73497-4 |page=449}}</ref> == ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ == ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ-ᱧᱩ ᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪᱟᱹᱞᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Cowed down"/><ref name="Shah1998"/><ref name="Williams 2001"/> ᱟᱭᱢᱟ [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ]] ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱢᱟᱱᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱛᱷᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱚᱡ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱹᱱᱩᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Cowed down">{{cite news |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |title=Cowed down by the ban |work=Hindustan Times |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120220175911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/editorial-views-on/Edits/Cowed-down-by-the-ban/Article1-791776.aspx |archive-date=20 February 2012}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱵᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ]] ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ-ᱟ,<ref>{{cite journal |last=Lodrick |first=Deryck O. |date=2005 |title=Symbol and Sustenance: Cattle in South Asian Culture |url=https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |journal=Dialectical Anthropology |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=61–84 |doi=10.1007/s10624-005-5809-8 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ [[ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ|ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ]] ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱟᱵᱽ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last=Natrajan |first=Balmurli |date=2018-07-03 |title=Cultural identity and beef festivals: toward a 'multiculturalism against caste' |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |journal=Contemporary South Asia |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=287–304 |doi=10.1080/09584935.2018.1504000 |url-access=subscription}}</ref> ᱫᱚᱞᱤᱛ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱣᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱭᱟᱢ, ᱨᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱪᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{Citation |last=Kuntam |first=Samuel Moses Srinivas |chapter=Dalit Food, Ecology, and Resistance |date=2022 |title=Anthropocene Ecologies of Food |pages=158–179 |editor-last=Estok |editor-first=Simon C. |editor-last2=Deborah |editor-first2=S. Susan |editor-last3=Alex |editor-first3=Rayson K. |publisher=[[Routledge]]}}</ref> [[ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱵᱚᱭᱥᱱᱚᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱚᱦᱤᱝᱥᱟ]] ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱨ ᱮᱢ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱱᱠᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾<ref name="Williams 2001">{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Raymond Brady |title=An Introduction to Swaminarayan Hinduism |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0521654227 |pages=173}}</ref> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ]] ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱠᱴᱳ-ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ; [[ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱡᱳᱭᱱᱳ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] ᱨᱮ ᱚᱛ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱚᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref name="Shah1998">{{cite book |last=Shah |first=Natubhai |title=Jainism: The World of Conquerors |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EmVzvUzbwegC&pg=PA249|year=1998 |publisher=Sussex Academic Press |isbn=978-1-898723-30-1 |page=249}}</ref> [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱤᱥᱞᱟᱢ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱢᱩᱥᱞᱤᱢ]] ᱠᱚ ᱥᱩᱠᱨᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱵᱟᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ,<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sahgal |first1=Neha |display-authors=etal |title=Religion and food |url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/06/29/religion-and-food/ |website=Pew Research Center |date=29 June 2021}}</ref> ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱰᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bansal |first1=Samarth |title=More Indians eating beef, buffalo meat |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/%E2%80%98More-Indians-eating-beef-buffalo-meat%E2%80%99/article15873366.ece |work=[[The Hindu]] |date=29 October 2016}}</ref> [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ-ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱫᱚᱢ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱮᱛᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ]] ᱡᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ-ᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last=Jamir |first=Rongsenzulu |date=30 June 2025 |title='Do You Eat Dog Meat?': Why Asking a Naga This Question Misses the Point |url=https://morungexpress.com/do-you-eat-dog-meat-why-asking-a-naga-this-question-misses-the-point |access-date=14 July 2025 |work=[[The Morung Express]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Kikon |first=Dolly |author-link=Dolly Kikon |date=2017 |title=From the heart to the plate. Debates about dog meat in Dimapur |url=https://www.iias.asia/the-newsletter/article/heart-plate-debates-about-dog-meat-dimapur |journal=The Newsletter |volume=77 |issue=Summer |pages=38–39}}</ref> [[ᱣᱟᱨᱞᱰ ᱣᱟᱭᱤᱰ ᱯᱷᱟᱱᱰ ᱯᱷᱚᱨ ᱱᱮᱪᱟᱨ|ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱰᱟᱵᱽᱞᱤᱭᱩ.ᱮᱯᱷ]] ᱟᱜ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱤᱵᱷᱤᱝ ᱯᱞᱟᱱᱮᱴ ᱨᱤᱯᱳᱨᱴ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱹᱣᱰᱤ-ᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ ([[G20|G20 ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱚ]]) ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱥᱴᱮᱱᱮᱵᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=2024 Living Planet Report |url=https://wwflpr.awsassets.panda.org/downloads/2024-living-planet-report-a-system-in-peril.pdf |access-date=26 August 2026 |website=World Wildlife Fund}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} == ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱠᱚ == {{refbegin}} * {{cite book |last=Achaya |first=K. T. |author-link=K. T. Achaya |title=Indian Food: A Historical Companion |location=Delhi |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=1998 |edition=Paperback |orig-year=1994}} * [[Pat Chapman (food writer)|Pat Chapman]]. ''India: Food & Cooking'', New Holland, London – {{ISBN|978-1-84537-619-2}} (2007) * {{cite book |last=Collingham |first=Lizzie |author-link=Lizzie Collingham |title=Curry: A tale of cooks and conquerors |date=2007 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |url=https://archive.org/details/curry00lizz}} * {{cite book |last=Dalal |first=Tarla |author-link=Tarla Dalal |title=Faraal Foods for fasting days |year=2010 |publisher=Sanjay and Co |location=Mumbai |isbn=9789380392028 |url={{google books |plainurl=y |id=-C1ZO3BopZUC |page=8}}}} * {{cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |author-link=Alan Davidson (food writer) |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |title=[[The Oxford Companion to Food]] |edition=3rd |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7}} * {{cite encyclopedia |last=Pinkney |first=Andrea Marion |entry=Prasāda |encyclopedia=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |year=2018 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |chapter-url=https://referenceworks.brill.com/display/entries/ENHI/COM-000342.xml |chapter-url-access=subscription |doi=10.1163/2212-5019_BEH_COM_000342}} * {{cite book |last=Sen |first=Colleen Taylor |author-link=Colleen Taylor Sen |title=Feasts and Fasts: A History of Food in India |date=2016 |orig-year=2015 |publisher=[[Speaking Tiger Books]] |isbn=978-9385755347 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VN_vCgAAQBAJ}} {{refend}} == ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ == {{ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ| ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱦᱟᱨᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] cax3ls8l9t9y1zrnzvnqtbx6pdcgn13 0 38297 199228 2026-10-21T06:33:48Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 ᱱᱟᱣᱟ 199228 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Speciesbox |name = ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ |image = Sesamum indicum - Köhler–s Medizinal-Pflanzen-129.jpg |image_caption = ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ |genus = Sesamum |species = indicum |authority = [[Carl Linnaeus |L.]] |synonyms = {{Plainlist |style=margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; | * ''Dysosmon amoenum'' <small>Raf.</small> * ''Sesamum africanum'' <small>Tod.</small> * ''Sesamum occidentalis'' <small>Heer & Regel</small> * ''Sesamum oleiferum'' <small>Sm.</small> * ''Sesamum orientale'' <small>L.</small> * ''Volkameria orientalis'' <small>(L.) Kuntze</small> }} |synonyms_ref = <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2588550 |title=The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species |access-date=14 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171002105348/http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2588550 |archive-date=2 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> }} '''ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ''' ({{IPAc-en |ˈ |s |ɛ |s |ə |m |i}};<ref>{{cite EPD |18}}</ref><ref>{{cite LPD |3}}</ref> ''Sesamum indicum'') ᱫᱚ ''Sesamum'' ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱮᱱᱱᱤ''' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name=mw>{{cite dictionary |entry=Benne |url=https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/benne |access-date=8 February 2023 |dictionary=Merriam-Webster |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010155334/https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/benne |archive-date=10 October 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱨᱟᱱᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱥᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱷᱩᱸᱭ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱒᱐᱒᱔ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱨᱡᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ {{convert|6.7|e6t|e6ST|abbr=off}} ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ, [[ᱢᱤᱭᱟᱱᱢᱟᱨ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱩᱫᱟᱱ]] ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱟᱥᱤ ᱫᱤᱥᱚᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾ ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ [[ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱝ]] ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱓,᱐᱐᱐ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱢᱟᱬᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ''Sesamum'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱨ ᱟᱨ [[ᱩᱯᱚ-ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ''S. indicum'' ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱩᱫᱽᱵᱷᱚᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱦᱟᱞᱚᱛ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱤᱢᱟᱬ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱡᱟᱠᱟᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᱚᱠᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ [[ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱮᱞᱟᱨᱡᱤ|ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱮᱞᱟᱨᱡᱤ]] ᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ == ᱪᱤᱨᱦᱟᱹᱣ == ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ {{convert|50|to|100|cm|ftin|abbr=on}} ᱩᱥᱩᱞ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ-ᱫᱟᱯᱨᱟᱢ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ {{convert|4|to|14|cm |in|abbr=on|0}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱡᱷᱮ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱚᱨᱪᱷᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ (lanceolate) ᱟᱨ {{convert |5 |cm |in |abbr=on}} ᱜᱟᱱ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱰᱟᱹᱨ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ {{convert|1|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱴᱤᱭᱩᱵᱽ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱨ {{convert|2.5|to|3|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="Wei Zhao Wang 2022"/> ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱯᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱮᱜᱟᱱᱤ ᱨᱚᱝ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web |title=Sesame |url=https://www.flower-db.com/en/flowers/sesamum-indicum |website=Flower Database |access-date=20 December 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914104730/https://www.flower-db.com/en/flowers/sesamum-indicum |archive-date=14 September 2024 |url-status=live}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱡᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ [[ᱠᱮᱯᱥᱩᱞ (ᱡᱚ)|ᱠᱮᱯᱥᱩᱞ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱩᱵ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱡᱷᱟᱵᱽᱨᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ {{convert|2 to 3|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ {{convert|0.6 and 1.2|cm|in|abbr=on}} ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ; ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱱᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱚᱸᱫᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱥᱮ ᱦᱮᱸᱫᱮ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name="Wei Zhao Wang 2022">{{cite journal |last1=Wei |first1=Panpan |last2=Zhao |first2=Fenglan |last3=Wang |first3=Zhen |last4=Wang |first4=Qibao |last5=Chai |first5=Xiaoyun |last6=Hou |first6=Guige |last7=Meng |first7=Qingguo |display-authors=5 |title=Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.): A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition, Health Benefits, Development of Food, and Industrial Applications |journal=Nutrients |volume=14 |issue=19 |date=30 September 2022 |pmid=36235731 |pmc=9573514 |doi=10.3390/nu14194079 |doi-access=free |page=4079}}</ref> ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱡᱟᱹᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱯ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱓ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱔ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱟᱨ (᱐.᱑᱒ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱐.᱑᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ) ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ, ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱞᱴᱟᱹ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱭᱡᱮᱨᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱤᱵᱟᱫᱟᱱ ᱵᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱟᱛᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱴᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱫᱚ {{convert|0.203|g|oz|3}} ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tunde-Akintunde |first1=T. Y. |last2=Akintunde |first2=B. O. |date=1 May 2004 |title=Some Physical Properties of Sesame Seed |url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537511004000236 |journal=Biosystems Engineering |volume=88 |issue=1 |pages=127–129 |doi=10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.01.009 |bibcode=2004BiSyE..88..127T |url-access=subscription }}</ref> <gallery class=center mode=nolines widths=180 heights=180> File:Sesamum indicum 2.jpg |ᱫᱟᱨᱮ File:Sasame Plant, Behbahan.jpg |ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱦᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱩᱸᱭ ᱠᱚ File:Sesame in Hainan - 05.JPG |ᱡᱟᱝ ᱪᱷᱩᱸᱭ (ᱠᱮᱯᱥᱩᱞ) File:Sa white sesame seeds.jpg |ᱯᱩᱸᱰ ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ </gallery> == ᱥᱟᱶᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮ == ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ, ᱠᱮᱯᱥᱩᱞ ᱡᱷᱤᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱱ-ᱫᱩᱨᱤᱵᱽ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱚᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ "[[ᱟᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱵᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱩᱱ-ᱜᱮᱞ ᱠᱩᱢᱵᱽᱲᱩ]]" ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ "[[ᱚᱯᱮᱱ ᱥᱮᱥᱟᱢᱤ]]" ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱫᱩ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱝᱜᱷᱚᱨ ᱮ ᱡᱷᱤᱡᱟ᱾ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ, ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ ᱪᱷᱩᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ 'ᱯᱚᱯ' ᱥᱟᱰᱮ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱨᱪᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱭ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱩᱫᱩᱜ ᱮᱫᱟᱭ᱾<ref>{{cite web |last=Griffee |first=Peter |title=''Sesamum indicum'' L. |publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |url=http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1937&entityDisplayCategory=full |access-date=19 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170617081504/http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=1937&entityDisplayCategory=full |archive-date=17 June 2017 |url-status=live}}</ref> == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist|30em}} == ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ == {{Commons category|Sesame}} {{Herbs & spices}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q2763698}} {{Authority control}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱛᱤᱞᱢᱤᱧ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱟᱯᱷᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱪᱟᱥ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱩᱯᱚᱢᱚᱦᱟᱫᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱩᱫᱽᱵᱷᱤᱫᱽ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:᱑᱗᱕᱓ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱨᱱᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱡᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ]] e6m53g6asp35neqnzp6juulcs469knx 10 38298 199229 2026-10-21T06:37:13Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "<noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{cite book |last=Wells |first=John C. |year={{{year|{{#switch:{{{1|1}}} |1=1990 |2=2000 |3=2008 }}}}} |chapter={{{2|}}} |author-link=John C. Wells |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |edition={{ordinal|{{{1}}}}} |location=Harlow |publisher={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |1=Longman |2=Pearson Education |3=Pearson Education }} |page={{{page|}}} |pages={{{pages|}}} |isbn={{#swi..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 199229 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{cite book |last=Wells |first=John C. |year={{{year|{{#switch:{{{1|1}}} |1=1990 |2=2000 |3=2008 }}}}} |chapter={{{2|}}} |author-link=John C. Wells |title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary |edition={{ordinal|{{{1}}}}} |location=Harlow |publisher={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |1=Longman |2=Pearson Education |3=Pearson Education }} |page={{{page|}}} |pages={{{pages|}}} |isbn={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |1=0-582-05383-8 |2=0-582-36467-1 |3=978-1-4058-8118-0 }} |quote={{{quote|}}} |mode={{{mode|}}} |ref={{{ref|}}} |name-list-style={{{name-list-format|{{{name-list-style|}}}}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> 55ms333xoqibq03enz8k1h5a63j96qs 10 38299 199230 2026-10-21T06:38:27Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 "<noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |year={{{year|{{#switch:{{{1|1}}} |1=1917 |2=1924 |3=1926 |4=1937 |5=1940 |6=1944 |7=1945 |8=1947 |9=1948 |10=1949 |11=1956 |12=1963 |13=1967 |14=1977 |14r=1988 |14c=1991 |15=1997 |16=2003 |17=2006 |18=2011 }}}}} |editor-last1={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |13|14|1..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 199230 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{pp-template|small=yes}}</noinclude>{{cite encyclopedia |last=Jones |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Jones (phonetician) |year={{{year|{{#switch:{{{1|1}}} |1=1917 |2=1924 |3=1926 |4=1937 |5=1940 |6=1944 |7=1945 |8=1947 |9=1948 |10=1949 |11=1956 |12=1963 |13=1967 |14=1977 |14r=1988 |14c=1991 |15=1997 |16=2003 |17=2006 |18=2011 }}}}} |editor-last1={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |13|14|14r|14c=Gimson |15|16|17|18=Roach }} |editor-first1={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |13|14|14r|14c=A. C. |15|16|17|18=Peter }} |editor-link1={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |13|14|14r|14c=A. C. Gimson |15|16|17|18=Peter Roach (phonetician) }} |editor-last2={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |14r|14c=Ramsaran |15|16|17=Hartman |18=Setter }} |editor-first2={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |14r|14c=Susan |15|16|17=James |18=Jane }} |editor-link2={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |18=Jane Setter }} |editor-last3={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |15|16|17=Setter |18=Esling }} |editor-first3={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |15|16|17=Jane |18=John }} |editor-link3={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |15|16|17=Jane Setter |18=John Esling }} |title={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{2}}}|[[English Pronouncing Dictionary|{{#switch:{{{1|14c}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10=An English Pronouncing Dictionary |11|12|13|14|14r=Everyman's English Pronouncing Dictionary |14c=English Pronouncing Dictionary |15|16|17|18=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary }}]]}} |encyclopedia={{#if:{{{2|}}}|[[English Pronouncing Dictionary|{{#switch:{{{1|14c}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10=An English Pronouncing Dictionary |11|12|13|14|14r=Everyman's English Pronouncing Dictionary |14c=English Pronouncing Dictionary |15|16|17|18=Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary }}]]}} |edition={{#switch:{{{1}}} |14r|14c=14th |{{ordinal|{{trim|{{{1}}}}}}} }} |location={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|14r=London }} |publisher={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|14r=Dent |14c|15|16|17|18=Cambridge University Press }} |page={{{page|}}} |pages={{{pages|}}} |url={{#if:{{{2|}}}|{{{url|}}}}} |isbn={{#switch:{{{1|}}} |14=0-460-02191-5 |14r=0-460-03036-1 |14c=0-521-42586-7 |15=0-521-45903-6 |16=0-521-81693-9 |17=0-521-68086-7 |18=978-0-521-15255-6 }} |quote={{{quote|}}} |mode={{{mode|cs1}}} |ref={{{ref|}}} |name-list-style={{{name-list-format|{{{name-list-style|}}}}}} }}<noinclude>{{documentation}}</noinclude> qu2v5zsscvecnms1zarepbb7f0v3ee4 0 38300 199233 2026-10-21T06:48:14Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 ᱱᱟᱣᱟ 199233 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ | name_lang = | name_italics = true | image = Vada Pav-Indian street food.JPG | image_size = 250px | image_alt = ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ | caption = ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱜᱩᱸᱰᱟᱹ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱡᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤ | alternate_name = ᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ, ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ, ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ | type = [[ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ]] | course = | country = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]], [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] | national_cuisine = [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ]] | creator = ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱵᱚᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱠᱚᱨ ᱢᱦᱟᱛᱨᱮ | year = ᱑᱙᱖᱖ | main_ingredient = ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ, ᱯᱟᱣ (ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ) }} '''ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ''' (ᱤᱝᱨᱟᱹᱡᱤ: Vada pav), ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ '''ᱣᱟᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ''' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱞᱚᱜᱼᱟ, {{pronunciation|Indian-vada-pav-pronunciation.ogg|listen|(|help=no}} ᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ]] ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ]] ᱯᱚᱱᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱤᱞ [[ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/ja/article/in-search-of-indias-football-culture-with-mumbai-fcs-yellow-brigade-3/|title=クリケットの街から眺めるインドサッカー界の未来|trans-title=The future of Indian football seen from the city of cricket|language=ja|website=vice.com|publisher=Vice Japan|first=Kit|last=Caless|date=19 February 2017|access-date=28 February 2023|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220128164820/https://www.vice.com/ja/article/ywqwyj/in-search-of-indias-football-culture-with-mumbai-fcs-yellow-brigade|archive-date=28 January 2022}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱣᱨᱩᱴᱤ (''ᱯᱟᱣ'') ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]] ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ [[ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢᱟ᱾<ref name=fpj36>{{cite news|title=Famous Vada Pav places in Mumbai|url=http://www.freepressjournal.in/famous-vada-pav-places-in-mumbai/|access-date=10 August 2015|newspaper=[[The Free Press Journal]]|date=30 July 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150817100436/http://www.freepressjournal.in/famous-vada-pav-places-in-mumbai/|archive-date=17 August 2015}}</ref> ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ, ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱚᱴᱟ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱮᱞᱚᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ '''ᱵᱚᱢᱵᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨ''' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite web|last1=Bhattacharya|first1=Suryatapa|title=The world's best fast food|url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/lifestyle/the-world-s-best-fast-food-1.521775|website=The National|access-date=27 September 2017|date=12 January 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Sankari |first1=Rathina |title=Meet Mumbai's Iconic Veggie Burger |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/11/04/500539626/meet-mumbais-iconic-veggie-burger |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=[[NPR]] |date=November 4, 2016 |language=en}}</ref> ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭᱠᱟᱨ (ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ) ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last=Sarma |first=Ramya |title=In Search of Mumbai Vada Pav |url=https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/in-search-of-mumbai-vada-pav/article3657300.ece |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=21 July 2012 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130621004414/https://www.thehindu.com/features/magazine/article3657300.ece |archive-date=21 July 2013}}</ref><ref name="Graves"/> == ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱪᱷᱟᱹᱴᱭᱟᱹᱨ == [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱛᱮ]] ''[[ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱴᱟ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ]]'' ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱪᱚᱯ" ᱥᱮ "ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱯᱚᱠᱚᱲᱟ" ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ "ᱟᱹᱞᱩ" (''ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱴᱟ'') ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ''[[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ (ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ)|ᱵᱚᱰᱟ]]'' ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ''ᱯᱟᱣ'' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱯᱩᱨᱛᱩᱜᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ''pão'' ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱟᱣᱨᱩᱴᱤ (bread) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱵᱚᱛ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱛᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱮ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱞ-ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ [[ᱫᱟᱫᱚᱨ]] ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱚᱥᱳᱠ ᱵᱚᱭᱫᱽᱭᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱖ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[ᱫᱟᱫᱚᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="vaidya">{{cite news |last1=Mahadevan |first1=Asha |title=Nearly 50 years since its invention, the story of the vada pav hits the big screen at Jio MAMI |url=https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/nearly-50-years-since-its-invention-the-story-of-the-vada-pav-hits-the-big-screen-at-jio-mami-2487580.html |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=Firstpost |date=30 October 2015}}</ref><ref name="histoy-TOI">{{cite news |last1=Shankar |first1=Kartikeya |title=Vada Pav: History of the Popular Mumbai Snack |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/food-news/vada-pav-history-of-the-popular-mumbai-snack/articleshow/76973714.cms |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=The Times of India |date=Jul 15, 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="scott thesis"/>{{rp|34}} ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱮᱰᱟᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱫᱷᱟᱠᱚᱨ ᱢᱦᱟᱛᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱟᱭᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱟᱡᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="World Vadapav Day loksatta">{{cite news |last=Ghangale |first=Swapnil |title=World Vadapav Day: जन्मापासून लंडनपर्यंत मजल मारण्यापर्यंतची वडापावची कहाणी |url=https://www.loksatta.com/do-you-know-news/world-vada-pav-day-journey-from-mumbai-popular-street-food-to-london-scsg-91-2253519/ |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=Loksatta |date=23 August 2020 |language=mr-IN}}</ref> ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱭᱟᱬ]] ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ''ᱠᱷᱤᱲᱠᱤ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ'' ᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱪᱟᱹᱫ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱵᱟᱡᱮ (Vaze) ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱝ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱷᱤᱲᱠᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾<ref name="World Vadapav Day loksatta"/> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱟᱨᱵᱳᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱮᱴ-ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱱᱟᱥᱛᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱩᱱ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱜᱤᱨᱚᱱᱜᱟᱶ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱢ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱚᱱᱚᱝᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ (᱑᱙᱗᱑ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐-᱑᱕ ᱯᱩᱭᱥᱟᱹ ᱜᱟᱱ<ref name="World Vadapav Day loksatta"/><ref name=NYT-best/>), ᱟᱨ ᱵᱷᱤᱲ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱞᱳᱠᱟᱞ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱟᱯᱟᱛᱤ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="histoy-TOI"/><ref name="World Vadapav Day loksatta"/> === ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ ᱢᱟᱹᱱ === ᱑᱙᱗᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱞᱢᱟ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱩᱜᱽᱲᱤ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱚ ᱮᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞᱚᱜ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱫᱚᱞ [[ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ (᱑᱙᱖᱖–᱒᱐᱒᱒)|ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱞ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱠ-ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱩᱯᱨᱩᱢ ᱮ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="jamboree">{{cite journal |last1=Solomon |first1=Harris Scott |title="THE TASTE NO CHEF CAN GIVE": Processing Street Food in Mumbai |journal=Cultural Anthropology |date=May 4, 2015 |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=65–90 |doi=10.14506/ca30.1.05 |language=en |issn=1548-1360|doi-access=free |hdl=10161/10126 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ᱫᱚᱞ ᱢᱩᱠᱷᱤᱭᱟᱹ [[ᱵᱟᱞᱟᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱴᱷᱟᱠᱨᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱖᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱨᱮ [[ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱦᱚᱲ]] ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱮ ᱮᱢᱟᱫ ᱠᱚᱣᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱮᱛᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ [[ᱩᱰᱩᱯᱤ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ]] ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="vaidya"/><ref name="histoy-TOI"/><ref>{{cite news |last1=Doctor |first1=Vikram |title=An attitude to serve: Why Marathi food lost out |url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/the-leisure-lounge/an-attitude-to-serve-why-marathi-food-lost-out/articleshow/3047664.cms |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=The Economic Times |date=May 17, 2008}}</ref> ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱱᱫᱚᱲ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱠᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱛᱷᱚᱠ ᱨᱮ ''ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱥᱚᱢᱢᱮᱞᱚᱱ'' ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱪᱟᱹᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾<ref name="scott thesis">{{cite thesis |last1=Solomon |first1=Harris Scott |title=Life-Sized: Food and the Pathologies of Plenty in Mumbai |chapter= Chapter 1. Fast Food Nationalism: Cleaning Mumbai’s streets with the vada pav |type=PhD |location=Providence, Rhode Island |date=May 2011 |institution=[[Brown University]] |doi=10.7301/Z0Q23XH9 |oclc=934517131 |chapter-url=https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11264/ |access-date=5 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref>{{rp|28}}<ref name="jamboree"/> ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱞᱮᱛᱟᱲ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱒᱐᱐᱙ ᱨᱮ "ᱥᱤᱵᱽ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ" ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Pawar |first1=Yogesh |title=Shiv Sena's vada pav strategy |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shiv-senas-vada-pav-strategy-396415 |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=NDTV.com |date=June 19, 2009}}</ref> == ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹᱱ == ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱒᱐,᱐᱐᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |title=वडापाव... बस्स..! |url=https://www.lokmat.com/manthan/story-about-vadapav-mumbai-a653/ |access-date=9 February 2022 |work=Lokmat |date=6 February 2022 |language=mr-IN}}</ref> ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱜᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱡᱟᱹᱱᱤ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref name=NYT-best/> ᱠᱩᱸᱡᱽᱵᱤᱦᱟᱨ, [[ᱢᱩᱞᱩᱱᱰ]] ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱢᱵᱳ ᱠᱤᱝ ᱟᱨ [[ᱜᱳᱞᱤ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱪᱮᱱ ᱠᱚᱦᱚᱸ ᱢᱩᱬᱩᱛ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞᱟ᱾<ref name=NYT-best>{{cite news |last1=Thirani |first1=Neha |title=Searching For the World's Best Vada Pav |url=https://india.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/05/searching-for-the-worlds-best-vada-pav/ |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=India Ink |publisher=[[The New York Times]] |date=5 October 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Narasimhan |first1=Anand |last2=Dogra |first2=Aparna Mohan |title=Goli Vada Pav story |publisher=IMD business school |work=The Financial Times |date=September 4, 2012 |url=https://www.imd.org/research-knowledge/articles/goli-vada-pav-story/ |access-date=5 November 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ, [[ᱱᱟᱥᱤᱠ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ''ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ'' ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱤᱪᱷᱤ, ᱒᱓ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱮᱜᱮᱛ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱢᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱟᱱᱟᱣᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |title=World Vada Pav Day 2020: Mumbai's 'fastest fast food' is eaten by many, remembered by a few |url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/mumbai/world-vada-pav-day-eaten-by-many-remembered-by-a-few |access-date=5 November 2020 |work=Free Press Journal |date=23 August 2020 |language=en}}</ref> == ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ == ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱪᱤᱠᱟᱹᱬ ᱜᱮᱡᱮᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ, [[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ]], [[ᱛᱚᱲᱤ|ᱛᱚᱲᱤ ᱡᱟᱝ]] ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ (ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱦᱤᱝ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ]]) ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱜᱩᱞᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱵᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱜᱷᱳᱲ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱩᱵᱩᱜᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱵᱚᱰᱟ]] ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱣ (ᱵᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ) ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱥᱟᱢᱵᱟᱣᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱮ ᱵᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]], ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱡᱷᱟᱞᱟᱦᱟ '''ᱞᱟᱥᱩᱱ-ᱠᱷᱳᱵᱽᱨᱟ''' (ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ-ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ) ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟ᱾<ref name="Graves">{{cite news|last1=Graves|first1=Helen|title=Vada pav sandwich recipe|url=https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/oct/03/vada-pav-sandwich-recipe-potato-chutney|website=The Guardian|date=3 October 2013 |publisher=Guardian News and Media Limited|access-date=27 January 2015}}</ref> == ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱠᱚ == {{Gallery |title= |align= |footer= |style= |state = |height= |width= |captionstyle= | File:Mumbai Vada Pav.jpg | alt1= | ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ | File:Vada Pav.jpg | alt2= | ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱟᱴᱟᱴᱟ (ᱟᱹᱞᱩ) ᱵᱚᱰᱟ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ, ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ| File:VadaPaav.JPG | alt3= |ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ, ᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱱᱟᱵᱟᱫᱟᱢ ᱟᱨ [[ᱨᱟᱹᱥᱩᱬ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ]], ᱟᱨ ᱦᱟᱹᱨᱭᱟᱹᱲ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ | File:Reliance Market, Mysore.jpg | alt4= | [[ᱢᱟᱭᱥᱩᱨᱩ]] ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱯ ᱪᱟ | File:Vada Pav - A Burger for Common Men in India.jpg | alt5= | |File:Stamp of India - 2017 - Colnect 805341 - Popular Vada Pav.jpeg|ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱰᱟᱠ ᱴᱤᱠᱚᱴ (᱒᱐᱑᱗) ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱰᱟ ᱯᱟᱣ }} {{commons category|Vada pav}} == ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱢᱮ == {{portal|Food}} {{Wiktionary}} * [[ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱴᱤᱠᱠᱤ]] * [[ᱪᱟᱭᱱᱤᱡᱽ ᱵᱷᱮᱞ]] * [[ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱣᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱹᱞᱠᱟᱹ]] * [[ᱵᱷᱮᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱨᱜᱟᱨ]] * [[ᱢᱤᱥᱚᱞ ᱯᱟᱣ]] * [[ᱯᱟᱣ ᱵᱷᱟᱡᱤ]] * [[ᱵᱟᱱ ᱠᱮᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] * [[ᱫᱟᱵᱮᱞᱤ]] == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vada pav}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱣᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱢᱚᱦᱟᱨᱟᱥᱴᱨᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛᱤᱭᱚ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱣᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱ-ᱡᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ]] tdrddpurdk7mdy4hr05b0hsjsnq75qf 0 38301 199234 2026-10-21T06:58:51Z ᱤᱧ ᱢᱟᱛᱟᱞ 5347 ᱱᱟᱣᱟ 199234 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox food | name = ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ | native_name = কাঠি রোল | image = Kolkata Rolls.jpg | image_size = 225px | caption = ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ | alternate_name = ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ | national_cuisine = [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ]] | country = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ]] | region = [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] | creator = | course = | type = [[ᱨᱳᱞ]] | main_ingredient = ᱵᱷᱤᱰᱤ/ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ, ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ/ᱨᱩᱴᱤ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤ (ᱚᱢᱞᱮᱴ) | served = | variations = ᱟᱭᱢᱟ, ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱴᱮᱦᱟᱸᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ | calories = | other = }} '''ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ''' (ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱤᱥ-ᱛᱤᱥ '''ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ''' ᱦᱚᱸᱠᱚ ᱚᱞᱟ; {{langx|bn|কাঠি রোল}}<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.shabdkosh.com/bn/translate?e=kathi&l=bn|title=kathi - Meaning in Bengali - kathi in Bengali - Shabdkosh {{!}} অভিধান : English Bengali Dictionary and Translation|last=Shabdkosh.com|website=www.shabdkosh.com|access-date=2016-05-01}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>) ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ|ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ, ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱟᱲᱮ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Banerji |first1=Urvija |title=The Kati Roll Can Be Traced Back to One Kolkata Restaurant |url=https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-kati-roll-can-be-traced-back-to-one-kolkata-restaurant |access-date=21 July 2024 |date=3 May 2016}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱛᱮ ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ [[ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱯᱟᱨᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱮᱦᱮᱧ ᱫᱚ, ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱤᱴᱷᱟᱹ/ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ([[ᱨᱩᱴᱤ]]) ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱜᱮ ''ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱢᱩᱲ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ, {{Transliteration|bn|kati}} ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱱᱮᱛ ᱫᱚ 'ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤ' ᱥᱮ 'ᱥᱤᱠ' ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟᱭ ᱩᱫᱩᱜᱟ᱾ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱥᱤᱵᱤᱞ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ''ᱨᱳᱞ'' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱫᱷᱚᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱪᱟᱹᱴᱱᱤ, ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ == ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ == ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱫᱚ [[ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱥᱴᱳᱨᱟᱸᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱓᱒ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱟ ᱦᱟᱥᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱦᱮᱵᱽ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱯᱚᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ [[ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱢᱩᱜᱷᱞᱟᱭᱤ]] ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="theculturetrip"/><ref name="Moneycontrol"/> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱪᱮᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱟᱹᱦᱱᱤ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾<ref>{{cite news |last1=Sanghvi |first1=Vir |author1-link=Vir Sanghvi |title=Rude Food by Vir Sanghvi: Roll redemption |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/brunch/rude-food-by-vir-sanghvi-roll-redemption/story-WLkxCkUTD0BSDcINWNAALI.html |access-date=22 October 2022 |work=[[Hindustan Times]] |date=12 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref> ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ-ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱚᱯᱷᱤᱥ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱱᱚᱜ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱟᱨ ᱛᱤᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱽᱨᱤᱴᱤᱥ [[ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱩ (ᱩᱯᱟᱹᱫᱷᱤ)|ᱵᱟᱹᱵᱩ]] ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱭᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ ᱡᱚᱢ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱚᱥᱚᱫ ᱚᱪᱚᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾<ref name="itinari">{{cite news |last1=Majumder |first1=Hitaishi |title=Nizam's Restaurant: the story of the Kolkata kathi roll |url=https://www.itinari.com/nizam-s-restaurant-the-story-of-the-kolkata-kathi-roll-bgaw |access-date=22 October 2022 |work=itinari |date=1 October 2019 |language=en}}</ref> ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱠᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮᱪᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱭ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱮ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱮᱞᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ ᱯᱟᱨᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱨᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱮᱠᱞᱟ ᱟᱹᱭᱫᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="theculturetrip">{{cite news |last1=Nambiar |first1=Sridevi |title=How The Famous Kathi Roll Originated At Kolkata's Nizam's Restaurant |url=https://theculturetrip.com/asia/india/articles/how-the-famous-kathi-roll-originated-at-kolkatas-nizams-restaurant/ |access-date=22 October 2022 |work=Culture Trip |date=3 January 2018}}</ref> [[File:Kathiroll.jpg|right|180px|thumb|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ]] ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ]] ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ 'ᱠᱟᱴᱤ' ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱤᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱮ, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱮ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ; ᱚᱱᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱫᱤᱱ ᱴᱤᱠᱟᱹᱣ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱤᱫᱤ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱡᱤᱞᱤᱧ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱢᱮᱬᱦᱮᱫ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱮᱴᱠᱮᱴᱚᱬᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ, ᱪᱮᱫᱟᱜ ᱥᱮ ᱥᱟᱸᱵᱽᱲᱟᱣ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱯᱟᱲᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱙᱖᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ, ᱱᱤᱡᱟᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱮ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱨᱟᱣᱟᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱟᱱ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ [[ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ|ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱛᱮ {{Transliteration|bn|ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤ}} ᱥᱮ 'ᱫᱟᱹᱨᱠᱟᱹ/ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤ' ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱛᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱝᱠᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱚᱜᱚᱱ ᱜᱮ ''ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ'' ᱟᱨ ''ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱪᱚᱲᱚᱛ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ (ᱨᱮᱦᱚᱸ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ 'ᱠᱟᱴᱤ' ᱥᱮ 'ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ' ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ) ᱡᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱨᱳᱞ, ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ [[ᱱᱟᱱ]] ᱥᱮ [[ᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞᱤ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ|ᱨᱩᱢᱟᱞᱤ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱴᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱜ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾<ref name="Moneycontrol">{{cite news |last1=Mukherjee |first1=Kamalika |title=Kolkata-style kathi roll: The origin story, competition, and present-day avatar |url=https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/trends/lifestyle-trends/kolkata-style-kathi-roll-the-origin-story-competition-and-present-day-avatar-8874361.html |access-date=22 October 2022 |work=[[Moneycontrol]] |date=July 25, 2022 |language=en}}</ref> [[ᱯᱚᱪᱷᱤᱢ ᱵᱟᱝᱞᱟ]] ᱨᱮ, ᱨᱳᱞ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧ ᱫᱩᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ''ᱨᱳᱞ-ᱮᱨ-ᱫᱳᱠᱟᱱ'' ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ''ᱨᱳᱞ'' ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱜᱮᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱵᱤᱵᱚᱨᱚᱱ == ᱥᱮᱨᱣᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ, ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱷᱟᱠ-ᱛᱷᱟᱠ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱫ 'ᱠᱟᱴᱤ' [[ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ]] ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱯᱤ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱚᱞᱚᱝ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱩᱲᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱜᱩᱞᱟᱹᱭ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱵᱮᱞᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱛᱟᱣᱟ]] ᱨᱮ ᱥᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ-ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱠᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ-ᱛᱤᱠᱤ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱵᱷᱩᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱟᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱚᱦᱲᱟ ᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱚᱸᱫᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱨᱟᱯᱟᱜᱟ᱾ ᱡᱩᱫᱤ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ, ᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱟᱹᱯᱩᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱩᱞᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱪᱟᱯᱚᱜᱟ; ᱵᱟᱱᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱚᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱠᱟᱵᱟᱵᱽ ᱫᱚ ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱟᱝᱜᱽᱨᱟ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱠᱮᱪᱮᱫ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱤᱠ (ᱠᱟᱴᱷᱤ) ᱨᱮ ᱜᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ [[ᱥᱤᱜᱽᱨᱤ]] ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱚᱝᱜᱟᱨ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱤᱥᱤᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜᱼᱟ, ᱩᱱ ᱡᱚᱠᱷᱮᱡ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱠᱚᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱠ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱠ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱯᱮᱭᱟᱸᱡᱽ, ᱵᱮᱨᱮᱞ ᱢᱟᱹᱨᱤᱪ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱚᱥ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱠᱚ ᱞᱟᱲᱚᱪᱟᱲᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱱᱱᱤ ᱨᱮᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱟ (ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ ᱯᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱫ)᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ, ᱰᱷᱮᱨ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱵᱮᱯᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱜᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱥ, ᱠᱟᱹᱡ ᱥᱤᱨᱠᱟ, ᱞᱤᱢᱵᱩ ᱨᱟᱥᱟ, ᱛᱤᱥ-ᱛᱤᱥ [[ᱪᱟᱴ ᱢᱚᱥᱞᱟ]] ᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱱᱦᱟ ᱜᱮᱫ ᱜᱟᱡᱚᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱮᱥᱟᱭᱟ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱠᱚ ᱜᱩᱲᱭᱟᱹᱣ ᱨᱳᱞᱟ (ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱤᱛᱚᱜ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱟᱯᱷᱟ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟ)᱾ ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱥᱩᱢᱩᱝ ᱛᱟᱨᱟ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢᱟ; ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱠᱟᱜᱚᱡᱽ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱥᱮ ᱯᱩᱨᱟᱹ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱜᱮ ᱯᱚᱴᱚᱢ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ == ᱵᱷᱤᱛᱨᱤ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ, ᱟᱹᱞᱩ, [[ᱯᱟᱹᱱᱤᱨ]], ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱩᱛᱩ-ᱟᱲᱟᱜ, ᱟᱨ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱥᱤᱢ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱥᱤ ᱡᱤᱞ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ-ᱵᱷᱮᱜᱟᱨ ᱡᱤᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ, ᱥᱮ ᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱟᱨ [[ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱣᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ|ᱥᱤᱪᱩᱣᱟᱱ]] ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱩᱛᱩ ᱠᱚ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱚᱜᱚᱥᱴ ᱒᱐᱑᱒ ᱨᱮ, ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ-ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ ᱪᱮᱱ [[ᱴᱟᱠᱳ ᱵᱮᱞ]] ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱣᱟ ᱨᱩᱯ ᱮ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾ "ᱢᱮᱠᱥᱤᱠᱟᱱ-ᱩᱫᱽᱜᱟᱹᱣ ᱵᱩᱨᱤᱴᱳ" ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱴᱤ ᱨᱳᱞ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱤᱴᱳ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱮᱥᱟ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ == ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ == {{reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Kati Roll}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱯᱚᱨᱚᱴᱷᱟ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱠᱚᱞᱠᱟᱛᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱠᱪᱟᱨ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱯᱷᱟᱥᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:Hors d'oeuvres]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱴᱨᱤᱴ ᱯᱷᱩᱰ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱥᱮᱱᱰᱣᱤᱪ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱵᱟᱝᱜᱟᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ]] 08i3eh1c8php2igevypoqyqqhba157w 0 38302 199235 2026-10-21T11:22:32Z MT731 2184 "{{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width = 28em | name = ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | color = 800000 | logo = <!-- Do NOT place a non-free image here without complying with WP:NFCC #10c --> | logo_width = 100 px | image = Rewari junction haryana.png | image_widt..." ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱴᱟ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ 199235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Short description|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} {{Infobox rail line | box_width = 28em | name = ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ | color = 800000 | logo = <!-- Do NOT place a non-free image here without complying with WP:NFCC #10c --> | logo_width = 100 px | image = Rewari junction haryana.png | image_width = 300 | caption = [[ᱨᱮᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ]] ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ | type = | system = | status = ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤᱦᱚᱨᱟ | locale = ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ, [[ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ]], [[ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ]] | start = {{stnlnk|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ||ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ}}, {{stnlnk|ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ||ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ}}, {{stnlnk|ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱞᱟ||ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱥᱚᱨᱟᱭ ᱨᱳᱦᱤᱞᱞᱟ}} | end = {{stnlnk|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ||ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ}} | stations = | routes = | open = ᱑᱘᱗᱕ | close = | owner = [[ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞ|ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | operator = [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]], [[ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ|ᱠᱚᱧᱮ ᱯᱟᱪᱮ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] | character = | depot = | linelength = | tracklength = {{convert|305|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} | gauge = {{track gauge|1676 mm|lk=on}} ᱵᱨᱳᱰ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ | minradius = | racksystem = | speed = ᱨᱮᱣᱟᱲᱤ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱛᱟᱞᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱑᱐᱐ ᱠᱤᱞᱚᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ/ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱫᱷᱟᱹᱨᱤᱡ | electrification = ᱦᱳᱭ | elevation = ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ {{convert|239|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}, ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ {{convert|428|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | website = | map = {{ᱫᱣᱞᱞᱤ-ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} | map_state = collapsed }} '''ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ''' ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱜᱟᱲ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ]] ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ [[ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ-ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱟᱨ [[ᱢᱩᱢᱵᱟᱭ-ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱢᱩᱬ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ]] ᱥᱟᱶ ᱡᱚᱲᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾<ref name="hq">[http://www.nwr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1 North Western Railway Website]</ref> ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱓᱐ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱰᱤᱡᱤ - ᱚᱞ ᱵᱚᱱᱫᱮ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱚᱛ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱓᱒ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱟᱨ ᱮᱰᱤᱟᱭᱤ - ᱮᱥᱡᱮ ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱫᱷᱟᱱᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱚᱱᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱓ ᱴᱟᱲᱟᱝ ᱕᱐ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱡ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} ᱨᱟᱵᱟᱝ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱠᱩᱦᱲᱟᱹ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱛᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱨ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱤᱞᱚᱢ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱰᱟᱦᱟᱨ ᱨᱮ, ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱚᱢᱟᱱ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ, ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱷᱟᱣ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱟᱞᱜᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱜ ᱨᱮ ᱜᱚᱲᱚ ᱮᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾{{citation needed|date=March 2018}} ==ᱱᱟᱜᱟᱢ== [[ᱨᱟᱡᱽᱯᱩᱛᱟᱱᱟ ᱥᱴᱮᱴ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ]] ᱫᱚ ᱑᱘᱗᱔ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱵᱟᱱᱫᱤᱠᱩᱭ ᱑᱐᱐᱐ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱓ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱓+᱓ᱹ᱘ ᱤᱸᱪ) ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ-ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱮᱦᱚᱵ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ, ᱑᱘᱗᱕ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ [[ᱟᱡᱽᱢᱮᱨ]] ᱟᱨ ᱑᱘᱘᱑ ᱥᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟ ᱾<ref name=irfcaii>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history2.html |title= IR History: Early Days II (1870-1899)| publisher=IRFCA| access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-ᱟᱡᱽᱢᱮᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱔ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱖᱗᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱕ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ) ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html |title= IR History: Part V (1970-1995)| publisher=IRFCA| access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=31676| title=Inauguration of Rewari BG Project | publisher=Press Information Bureau, 7 October 2007| access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> ᱟᱡᱽᱢᱮᱨ-ᱚᱦᱢᱚᱫᱟᱵᱟᱫᱽ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱑᱙᱙᱗ ᱥᱟᱞᱮ ᱨᱮ ᱑,᱖᱗᱖ ᱢᱤᱞᱤᱢᱤᱴᱚᱨ (᱕ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ) ᱚᱥᱟᱨ ᱵᱨᱚᱰᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱚᱫᱚᱞ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.irfca.org/faq/faq-history5.html |title= IR History: Part V (1970-1995)| publisher=IRFCA| access-date=23 April 2014}}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱝᱜᱷᱟᱨᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱹᱲᱦᱟᱹᱭ== ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ {{stnlnk|ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱚᱸᱠᱥᱚᱱ||ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ}} ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫᱴᱟᱹᱝ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱥᱟᱭ ᱵᱩᱠᱤᱝ ᱥᱴᱮᱥᱚᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱩᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |title=Indian Railways Passenger Reservation Enquiry |work=Availability in trains for Top 100 Booking Stations of Indian Railways |access-date=23 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140510115649/http://www.indianrail.gov.in/7days_Avl.html |archive-date=10 May 2014 }}</ref> ==ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ== {{ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ}} ==ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ== *[http://indiarailinfo.com/search/jaipur-jp-to-new-delhi-ndls/272/0/664 ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱱᱟᱶᱟ ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱴᱨᱮᱱ ᱠᱚ] {{DEFAULTSORT:ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ-ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ}} [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱥᱤᱧᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱕ ᱯᱷᱩᱴ ᱖ ᱤᱸᱪ ᱜᱮᱡᱽ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱠᱚ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱨᱟᱡᱚᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱦᱚᱨᱤᱭᱟᱬᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱨᱮᱞ ᱥᱟᱜᱟᱲᱚᱢ]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱫᱤᱞᱞᱤ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ|*]] [[ᱛᱷᱚᱠ:ᱡᱚᱭᱯᱩᱨ ᱨᱮᱞᱣᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ|*]] gussa4webbzhacrvg8gb8wvbakhmq8q