Wikipedia scowiki https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Special Collogue Uiser Uiser collogue Wikipedia Wikipedia collogue File File collogue MediaWiki MediaWiki collogue Template Template collogue Help Help collogue Category Category collogue Portal Portal talk Define Define talk TimedText TimedText talk Module Module talk Event Event talk 0 4934 917417 877071 2026-05-29T10:56:21Z Findinscots 131877 addit a wee bit aun the last neetive spikker, Dolly Pentreath 917417 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kornisch.png|thumb|The Cornish leid, 1300-1750]] [[File:Origo Mundi kynsa gwersow.jpg|thumb|left|Origo mundi (1425)]] '''Cornish''' (in Cornish: ''Kernowek'') is the [[Celtic Race|Celtic]] leid o [[Cornwall]], south-wast Breetain. It is ae pairt o the Brythonic brainch o [[Celtic Leids|Celtic leids]]. It comes frae the leid o the auld Britons, an is gey an sib tae the [[Breton leid]]. Cornish dee'd oot as a mither tongue in the late 18t century (the last neetive spikker is thoucht tae bi Dolly Pentreath). but wis brocht back by scholars in aboot the 1920s. Thare are aboot 300 fluent spaekers o modren Cornish the day, 500 fowk that can haud a conversation in Cornish an 3,500 fowk whaun ye include awbodie that kens onie o the leid. A few fowk haes e'en growed up lairnin Cornish as their mither tongue syne the revival. Thir fowk hae been cried "neo-native" spaekers o Cornish. == Links == <nowiki>*</nowiki> [https://www.academia.edu/5323710/A_Brief_History_of_the_Cornish_Language_its_Revival_and_its_Current_Status <nowiki>Ferdinand, Siarl (2013). Brief History of the Cornish language, its Revival and its Current Situation. ''E-Keltoi'', Vol. 2, 2 Dec. pp. 199–227</nowiki>] [[Category:Brythonic leids]] [[Category:Cornish leid]] [[Category:Leids o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Leids o Europe]] [[Category:Cornish naitionalism]] [[Category:Endangered Celtic leids]] {{Stub/Ingland}} {{Stub/Leid}} 91ssw03zz0lwyvmwi2vxcslwdc081yv 917420 917417 2026-05-29T11:05:53Z Findinscots 131877 917420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Kornisch.png|thumb|The Cornish leid, 1300-1750]] [[File:Origo Mundi kynsa gwersow.jpg|thumb|left|Origo mundi (1425)]] '''Cornish''' (in Cornish: ''Kernowek'') is the [[Celtic Race|Celtic]] leid o [[Cornwall]], south-wast Breetain. It is ae pairt o the Brythonic brainch o [[Celtic Leids|Celtic leids]]. It comes frae the leid o the auld Britons, an is gey an sib tae the [[Breton leid]]. Cornish dee'd oot as a mither tongue in the late 18t century (the last neetive spikker is thoucht tae bi [[Dolly Pentreath]]). but wis brocht back by scholars in aboot the 1920s. Thare are aboot 300 fluent spaekers o modren Cornish the day, 500 fowk that can haud a conversation in Cornish an 3,500 fowk whaun ye include awbodie that kens onie o the leid. A few fowk haes e'en growed up lairnin Cornish as their mither tongue syne the revival. Thir fowk hae been cried "neo-native" spaekers o Cornish. == Links == <nowiki>*</nowiki> [https://www.academia.edu/5323710/A_Brief_History_of_the_Cornish_Language_its_Revival_and_its_Current_Status <nowiki>Ferdinand, Siarl (2013). Brief History of the Cornish language, its Revival and its Current Situation. ''E-Keltoi'', Vol. 2, 2 Dec. pp. 199–227</nowiki>] [[Category:Brythonic leids]] [[Category:Cornish leid]] [[Category:Leids o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Leids o Europe]] [[Category:Cornish naitionalism]] [[Category:Endangered Celtic leids]] {{Stub/Ingland}} {{Stub/Leid}} 3n1nswjpunfq2p5nnh6h1yfak9adekb 0 9897 917334 916863 2026-05-28T16:58:07Z ~2026-32016-65 132009 I et changed dash and fenseces 917334 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Austin_Evening.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Skyline of Austin, Texas]] '''Austin''' is the caipital o the U.S. state o [[Texas]] an the [[coonty seat|seat]] o [[Travis Coonty, Texas|Travis Coonty]]. Locatit in Central Texas on the eastren edge o the [[American Soothwast]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.texasarchitect.org/ta200811-book.php?sess_id=ece092634aaa35fbcdca2fc24573e106 |title=Central Texas by the Book |publisher=Texas Society of Architects |accessdate=Feb 4, 2010 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721221448/http://www.texasarchitect.org/ta200811-book.php?sess_id=ece092634aaa35fbcdca2fc24573e106 |url-status=dead }}</ref> it is the fowert-mucklest ceety in Texas an the fifteent maist populous ceety in the Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Les |last=Christie |title=The fastest growing U.S. cities |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |work=CNNMoney.com |publisher=Cable News Network |date=June 28, 2007 |accessdate=July 24, 2008 |archive-date=2013-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404170946/http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It wis the third-fastest-growin muckle ceety in the naition frae 2000 tae 2006. Austin haes a population o 786,382 (2009 U.S. Census estimate).<ref name="New Orleans: Fastest growing city">{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2009/07/01/news/economy/fastest_growing_cities/index.htm |title=New Orleans: Fastest growing city |accessdate=July 1, 2009 |publisher=CNN/US Census Bureau |first=Les |last=Christie |date=July 1, 2009 |archive-date=2020-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430064347/https://money.cnn.com/2009/07/01/news/economy/fastest_growing_cities/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ceety is the cultural an economic centre o the [[Greater Austin|Austin–Round Rock]] metropolitan aurie, wi a population o 1,750,224 (2009 U.S. Census estimate),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://buffalo.bizjournals.com/buffalo/blog/the_score/2010/08/buffalo_hangs_on_to_50th_place.html |title=Buffalo Hangs On To 50th Place |accessdate=August 14, 2010 |publisher=Buffalo Business First}}</ref> makkin it the 35t-mucklest metropolitan aurie in the Unitit States. outstin texarese is also the bestest country with the o best man in the fences. == Notes == {{reflist}} {{coord|30|15|0|N|97|45|0|W|display=title}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Austin, Texas|Austin]] [[Category:Ceeties in Texas]] [[Category:Williamson Coonty, Texas]] [[Category:Hays Coonty, Texas]] [[Category:Travis Coonty, Texas]] [[Category:Austin – Round Rock metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1839]] [[Category:Planned ceeties in the Unitit States]] [[Category:State caipitals in the Unitit States]] {{Stub/USA}} {{Stub/Ceety}} skgwfxd5g21s700i50ntmvd06p303dc 917335 917334 2026-05-28T16:58:19Z Quinlan83 73017 Revertit edit o ~2026-32016-65, chynged back tae last version bi InternetArchiveBot 916863 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Austin_Evening.jpg|300px|thumb|right|Skyline of Austin, Texas]] '''Austin''' is the caipital o the U.S. state o [[Texas]] an the [[coonty seat|seat]] o [[Travis Coonty, Texas|Travis Coonty]]. Locatit in Central Texas on the eastren edge o the [[American Soothwast]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.texasarchitect.org/ta200811-book.php?sess_id=ece092634aaa35fbcdca2fc24573e106 |title=Central Texas by the Book |publisher=Texas Society of Architects |accessdate=Feb 4, 2010 |archive-date=2011-07-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721221448/http://www.texasarchitect.org/ta200811-book.php?sess_id=ece092634aaa35fbcdca2fc24573e106 |url-status=dead }}</ref> it is the fowert-mucklest ceety in Texas an the fifteent maist populous ceety in the Unitit States.<ref>{{Cite news |first=Les |last=Christie |title=The fastest growing U.S. cities |url=http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |work=CNNMoney.com |publisher=Cable News Network |date=June 28, 2007 |accessdate=July 24, 2008 |archive-date=2013-04-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404170946/http://money.cnn.com/2007/06/27/real_estate/fastest_growing_cities/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> It wis the third-fastest-growin muckle ceety in the naition frae 2000 tae 2006. Austin haes a population o 786,382 (2009 U.S. Census estimate).<ref name="New Orleans: Fastest growing city">{{Cite news |url=http://money.cnn.com/2009/07/01/news/economy/fastest_growing_cities/index.htm |title=New Orleans: Fastest growing city |accessdate=July 1, 2009 |publisher=CNN/US Census Bureau |first=Les |last=Christie |date=July 1, 2009 |archive-date=2020-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200430064347/https://money.cnn.com/2009/07/01/news/economy/fastest_growing_cities/index.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref> The ceety is the cultural an economic centre o the [[Greater Austin|Austin–Round Rock]] metropolitan aurie, wi a population o 1,750,224 (2009 U.S. Census estimate),<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://buffalo.bizjournals.com/buffalo/blog/the_score/2010/08/buffalo_hangs_on_to_50th_place.html |title=Buffalo Hangs On To 50th Place |accessdate=August 14, 2010 |publisher=Buffalo Business First}}</ref> makkin it the 35t-mucklest metropolitan aurie in the Unitit States. == Notes == {{reflist}} {{coord|30|15|0|N|97|45|0|W|display=title}} {{Commonscat}} [[Category:Austin, Texas|Austin]] [[Category:Ceeties in Texas]] [[Category:Williamson Coonty, Texas]] [[Category:Hays Coonty, Texas]] [[Category:Travis Coonty, Texas]] [[Category:Austin – Round Rock metropolitan aurie]] [[Category:Populatit places established in 1839]] [[Category:Planned ceeties in the Unitit States]] [[Category:State caipitals in the Unitit States]] {{Stub/USA}} {{Stub/Ceety}} qezyozqygwifdy4yg4ukjn7mfp7opl2 0 13584 917415 844802 2026-05-29T10:44:59Z Findinscots 131877 changed 0.5 million tae 0.8 million fowk, syne 0.8 million is mentioned on this paige awready. 917415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox language | name = Occitan | nativename = ''occitan'', ''lenga d'òc'', ''provençal'' | states = [[Fraunce]], [[Spain]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]] | ethnicity = [[Occitans]] | speakers = estimates range frae {{sigfig|110,000|1}} tae {{sigfig|789,000|1}} | date = 2007–2012 | ref = <ref name="bernissan">{{Cite journal |last=Bernissan |first=Fabrice |year=2012 |title=Combien l'occitan compte de locuteurs en 2012? |journal=Revue de Linguistique Romane |volume=76 |pages=467–512 |language=French}}</ref><ref name="martel">{{Cite magazine |last=Martel |first=Philippe |date=December 2007 |title=Qui parle occitan ? |url=http://www.culture.gouv.fr/Thematiques/Langue-francaise-et-langues-de-France/Observation-des-pratiques-linguistiques/Langues-et-cite/Langues-et-cite-n-10-l-occitan |magazine=Langues et cité |language=French |publisher=Observation des pratiques linguistiques |issue=10 |page=3 |quote=De fait, le nombre des locuteurs de l’occitan a pu être estimé par l’INED dans un premier temps à 526 000 personnes, puis à 789 000 ("In fact, the number of occitan speakers was estimated by the French Demographics Institute at 526,000 people, then 789,000")}}</ref> | familycolor = Indo-European | fam2 = [[Italic leids|Italic]] | fam3 = [[Romance leids|Romance]] | fam4 = [[Wastren Romance leids|Wastren]] | fam5 = [[Gallo-Romance leids|Gallo-Romance]] | fam6 = [[Occitano-Romance leids|Occitano-Romance]] | ancestor = [[Auld Occitan]] | nation = {{flag|Catalonie}} | minority = {{flag|Fraunce}}<br/>{{flag|Italy}} (Law nummer 482 o 15 December 1999) <ref name="parl">{{citation |url=http://www.parlamento.it/parlam/leggi/99482l.htm |title=Norme in materia di tutela delle minoranze linguistiche storiche |year= |publisher=Italian parliament |accessdate=}}</ref> | agency = [[Conselh de la Lenga Occitana]];<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180730202634/http://www.revistadoc.org/file/Linguistica%20occitana%206%20CLO.pdf CLO's statements in Lingüistica Occitana (online review of Occitan linguistics).]</ref> Congrès Permanent de la Lenga Occitana;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aquitaine.fr/salle-de-presse/communiques-de-presse/congres-permanent-de-la-langue-occitane/congres-permanent-de-la-lenga-occitana-un-nouvel-organisme-de-regulation-de-l-occitan-au-service-des-usagers-et-des-locuteurs.html|title=Page d'accueil|website=Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine - Aquitaine Limousin Poitou-Charentes|access-date=2019-07-18|archive-date=2012-01-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120127053323/http://aquitaine.fr/salle-de-presse/communiques-de-presse/congres-permanent-de-la-langue-occitane/congres-permanent-de-la-lenga-occitana-un-nouvel-organisme-de-regulation-de-l-occitan-au-service-des-usagers-et-des-locuteurs.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> Institut d'Estudis Aranesi<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.conselharan.org/reconeishenca-der-institut-destudis-aranesi-coma-academia-e-autoritat-linguistica-der-occitan-aranes-en-aran/ |title=Reconeishença der Institut d’Estudis Aranesi coma academia e autoritat lingüistica der occitan, aranés en Aran |date=2 April 2014 |website=www.conselharan.org}}</ref> | iso1 = oc | iso2 = oci | iso3 = oci | lc1 = sdt | ld1 = [[Judeo-Occitan]] | glotto = occi1239 | glottorefname = Occitan | lingua = 51-AAA-g & 51-AAA-f | dia1 = [[Auvergnat dialect|Auvergnat]] | dia2 = [[Gascon dialect|Gascon]] (includin [[Aranese dialect]]) | dia3 = [[Languedocien dialect|Languedocien]] | dia4 = [[Limousin dialect|Limousin]] | dia5 = [[Provençal dialect|Provençal]] | dia6 = [[Vivaro-Alpine]] | dia7 = [[Judeo-Occitan]] † | map = Occitania blanck map.PNG | mapsize = 260px | notice = IPA | map2 = Idioma occitano dialectos.png | mapcaption2 = Various dialects of Occitan {{col-begin}} {{legend|#FFA5C9|[[Auvergnat]]}} {{legend|#FA7DFF|[[Limousin dialect|Limousin]]}} {{legend|#CE61D3|[[Vivaro-Alpine]]}} {{legend|#9C76DC|[[Provençal dialect|Provençal]]}} {{legend|#AA76DC|[[Niçard dialect|Niçard]]}} {{legend|#B12AA7|[[Lengadocian]]}} {{legend|#C90092|[[Gascon leid|Gascon]]}} {{col-end}} }} '''Occitan''' (''occitan'', ''lenga d'òc'') is a [[Romance leids|Romance leid]], spak an unnerstuid bi as mony as 0.8 million fowk in soothren [[Fraunce]], [[Monaco]], [[Catalonie]]'s [[Val d'Aran]], an the [[Occitan Valleys]] o [[Italy]]. Th'gither thae regions are sometimes referrit tae as [[Occitania]]. The leid is still spak in the linguistic exclave o [[Guardia Piemontese]] in [[Calabrie]], [[Italy]], an historically in a number o communities in [[the Americas]]: [[Valdese, North Carolina]];<ref>{{cite book |last=Ghigo |first=F. |year=1980 |title=The Provençal speech of the Waldensian colonists of Valdese, North Carolina |location=Valdese |publisher=Historic Valdese Foundation }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Holmes |first=U. T. |year=1934 |title=Waldensian speech in North Carolina |journal=Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie |volume=54 |issue= |pages=500–513 }}</ref> [[Quebec]]; [[Pigüé|Pigüé, Argentinae]]; an [[Guanajuato|Guanajuato, Mexico]]. It is a co-offeecial leid o the [[Spaingie autonomous community]] o [[Catalonie]]. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Commonscat|Occitan language}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Occitan Leid}} [[Category:Occitan leid| ]] [[Category:Leids o Andorrae]] [[Category:Leids o Fraunce]] [[Category:Leids o Italy]] [[Category:Leids o Piedmont]] [[Category:Leids o Catalonie]] {{Stub/Fraunce}} {{Stub/Italy}} {{Stub/Spain}} {{Stub/Leid}} i50tuumx5jbxmyt6ko836lv864qxtyo 0 15158 917387 871664 2026-05-29T01:18:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Split (ceety)]] til [[Split, Croatie]] ower reguidal 871664 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Split | official_name = Ceety o Split<br />''Grad Split'' | other_name = | nickname = ''Velo misto'' <small>([[Croatie leid|Croatie]]: "Big Ceety")</small> | settlement_type = Ceety | motto = ''Ništa kontra Splita'' <small>(unoffeecial)</small> | image_skyline = | imagesize = 267px | image_caption = Tap: Nichttime view o Split frae [[Mosor]]; 2nt raw: [[Cathedral o Saunt Domnius]]; Ceety centre o Split; 3rd raw: View o the ceety frae [[Marjan hill]]; Nicht in Poljicka Street; Bottom: ''Riva'' watterfront | image_flag = Flag of the City of Split.svg | flag_size = 135px | image_shield = | shield_size = | image_map = | mapsize = | map_caption = Map o the Split ceety aurie. | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | image_dot_map = | dot_mapsize = | dot_map_caption = | dot_x = |dot_y = | pushpin_map = Croatia | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = Location o Split in Croatie | pushpin_map1 = Croatia Split-Dalmatia County | pushpin_label_position1 = | pushpin_map_caption1 = Location o Split in Split-Dalmatia Coonty | subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] | subdivision_name = {{flag|Croatie}} | subdivision_type1 = [[Coonties o Croatie|Coonty]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Split-Dalmatie Coonty]] | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = [[Mayor o Split|Mayor]] | leader_name = [[Željko Kerum]] | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = [[Greek colonies|Greek colony]] o Aspálathos established | established_date = 6t century BC | established_title2 = [[Diocletian's Palace]] built | established_date2 = 305 AD | established_title3 = Diocletian's Palace settled | established_date3 = 639 AD | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.split.hr/lgs.axd?t=16&id=162 | language = Croatian | title = Odluka o donošenju Prostornog plana uređenja Grada Splita | newspaper = Službeni glasnik Grada Splita | issn = 1332-6074 | publisher = City of Split | quote = Prostorni plan obuhvaća područje Grada Splita utvrđeno Zakonom o područjima županija, gradova i općina u Republici Hrvatskoj („[[Narodne novine]]“ 10/97, 124/97, 68/98, 22/99, 117/99, 128/99, 44/00, 129/00, 92/01, 79/02, 83/02) površine 79,38 km2, a čini ga osam naselja. | date = 2005-12-13 | accessdate = 2011-08-08}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.split.hr/lgs.axd?t=16&id=2636 | format = DOC | language = Croatian | publisher = City of Split | title = Prostorni plan uređenja Grada Splita | page = 1 | quote = Tablica 1. Površine katastarskih općina u obuhvatu grada Splita [...] Katastarske općine Split [...] Površina (ha) 2.212 [...] Ukupno površina Grada Splita 7.938 Izvor: Državna geodetska uprava, Područni ured za katastar Split | accessdate = 2011-08-08}}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 79.38 | area_blank1_title = Ceety itsel | area_blank1_km2 = 22.12 | population_as_of = 2011 | population_footnotes = <ref name="census-2011-settlements">{{Croatian Census 2011 |S|17|4090| accessdate = 13 February 2012}}</ref><ref name="Slobodna Dalmacija">[http://arhiv.slobodnadalmacija.hr/20030428/temedana01.asp ''Slobodna Dalmacija'', "''Split kao metropola''", Split 28 April 2003]</ref> | population_total = 178,192 | population_density_km2 = 2244 | population_metro = 349,314 | population_blank1_title = Ceety itsel | population_blank1 = 165,893 | population_density_blank1_km2 = 7499 | timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] | utc_offset = +1 | timezone_DST = [[Central European Simmer Time|CEST]] | utc_offset_DST = +2 | coordinates = {{coord|43|30|0|N|16|26|0|E|region:HR|display=inline,title}} | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = | elevation_ft = | postal_code_type = Postal code | postal_code = 21000 | area_code_type = [[Telephone numbers in Croatie|Aurie code]] | area_code = 21 | blank_name = [[Croatie vehicle registration plates|Licence plate]] | blank_info = ST | blank1_name = Lawest point | blank1_info = 0 m | blank2_name = Heichest point | blank2_info = 178 m ([[Marjan]]) | website = [http://www.split.hr/ www.split.hr] | footnotes = }} '''Split''' ({{IPA-sh|splît|hr|hr-Split.ogg}}) is the lairgest [[Dalmatie|Dalmatian]] ceety, the seicont-lairgest urban centre in [[Croatie]], an the seat o [[Split-Dalmatie Coonty]]. The ceety is locatit on the shores o the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]], mair specifically on the eastren shore o the [[Adriatic Sea]], spreadin ower a central [[peninsula]] an its surroondins, wi its [[metropolitan aurie]] includin the mony surroondin seaside touns as well. An intraregional transport hub, the ceety is an airtin tae the numerous surroondin [[Adriatic islands]] an the [[Apennine peninsulae]], as well as a popular tourist destination. Split is an aa ane o the auldest ceeties in the aurie, an is traditionally considered juist ower 1,700 year auld, while archaeological research relatin tae the auncient [[Colonies in antiquity#Greek colonies|Greek colony]] o Aspálathos (6t century BC) establishes the ceety as being several hunder year aulder. == Name == The auncient ceety is named efter the [[Spiny Broom]] ([[Calicotome spinosa]]; ''brnistra'' or ''žuka'' in modren [[Croatie leid|Croatie]]), a common shrub in the aurie. The [[6t century BC]] Greek colony o Aspálathos (Aσπάλαθος) or Spálathos (Σπάλαθος), frae which the ceety oreeginates, wis named efter the common plant. As the ceety became a Roman possession, the [[Laitin leid|Laitin]] name became "Spalatum", which in the Middle Ages evolved intae "Spalatro" in the [[Dalmatian leid]] o the ceety's Roman population. The [[Sooth Slavs|Sooth Slavic]] version became "Split", while the Venetian italianized version wis "Spalato". Durin the early 19t century, the name wis "Spljet", an finally "Split" ance mair. Thus, contrary tae popular belief, the name "Spalatum" haes nothin tae dae wi the Laotin wird for palace, ''palatium'' (thocht tae be a reference tae [[Diocletian's Palace]], which forms the core o the ceety). The erroneous etymology wis notably due tae Byzantine Emperor [[Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus]], an wis later reaffirmed bi [[Thomas the Archdeacon]].<ref name="JWilkes">Wilkes, J., ''Diocletian's Palace, Split : Residence of a Retired Roman Emperor'', 17. The name Aspálathos had referred to a white thorn common in the area. Thus, contrary to popular belief, the name "Spalatum" has nothing to do with the Latin word for palace, ''palatium''. According to Wilkes, the erroneous etymology was notably due to Byzantine Emperor [[Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus]].</ref> * {{lang-grc|Aσπάλαθος|Aspálathos}} * {{lang-la|Spalatum}} * Medieval {{lang-dlm|Spalatro}} *{{lang-it|Spalato}} == References == {{reflist}} {{Commonscat|Split}} [[Category:Split| ]] [[Category:Ceeties an touns in Croatie]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Croatie]] [[Category:Warld Heritage Steids in Croatie]] [[Category:Port ceeties an touns o the Adriatic Sea]] [[Category:Populatit places in Split-Dalmatie Coonty]] [[Category:Mediterranean port ceeties an touns in Croatie]] [[Category:Greek colonies in Illyrie]] [[Category:Greek colonies in Croatie]] [[Category:Auncient Greek ceeties]] {{Stub/Balk}} {{Stub/Ceety}} lu7ixwapnmiifspfrreb8a1xuwg8tnd 0 16151 917401 893523 2026-05-29T02:06:40Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Newport]] til [[Newport, Wales]] ower reguidal 893523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |official_name = City of Newport |other_name = ''Dinas Casnewydd'' |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] & [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Wales|Principal aurie]]<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |motto = "Terra Marique" <small> ''"Bi land an sea"''</small> <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Newport Transporter Bridge from east bank.jpg |imagesize = 280px |image_caption = The [[Newport Transporter Bridge]], opened in 1906 |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_link = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |blank_emblem_link = Newport City Council |image_map = Newport UK location map.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = City of Newport<br>an (inset) athin Wales <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]] |subdivision_name = [[Unitit Kinrick]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Constituent kintra]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wales]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Preservit coonties o Wales|Ceremonial coonty]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Gwent (coonty)|Gwent]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Historic coonties o Wales|Historic coonty]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]] |subdivision_type4 = Admin HQ |subdivision_name4 = [[Newport Civic Centre]] <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Wales|Principal aurie]], [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] |leader_title = Govrenin&nbsp;body |leader_name = [[Newport City Council]] |leader_title1 = [[Mayor o Newport]] |leader_name1 = Margaret Cornelious |leader_title2 = Leader o Newport City Council |leader_name2 = Bob Bright |leader_title3 = [[Member o Parliament|MPs]] |leader_name3 = [[Paul Flynn (politeecian)|Paul Flynn]], [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]]<br/>[[Jessica Morden]], Labour |leader_title4 = [[Member o the Welsh Assembly|AMs]] |leader_name4 = [[Rosemary Butler (politeecian)|Rosemary Butler]], Labour<br/>[[John Griffiths]], Labour |leader_title5 = [[Member o the European Parliament|MEPs]] |leader_name5 = [[Kay Swinburne]], [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]<br/>[[Derek Vaughan]], Labour<br/>[[Jillian Evans]], [[Plaid Cymru]]<br/>[[John Bufton]], [[UK Independence Party|UKIP]] |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = [[Toun chairter]] |established_date2 = 1385 |established_title3 = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety status]] |established_date3 = 2002 <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 190<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2007 est / Urban 2006 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = {{Welsh council population|POP=00PR}} ([[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi population|Ranked {{Welsh council population|RNK=00PR}}]]) |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_title = Density |population_density_blank1_km2 = 738 |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 1910 |population_blank2_title = Ethnicity <br/><small>([[Unitit Kinrick Census 2001|2001 Census]]) </small> |population_blank2 = 95.1% White<br/> 2.6% S. Asie<br/> 1.5% Afro-Caribbean |population_density_blank2_km2 = |population_density_blank2_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]] |utc_offset = +0 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|51|35|15.86|N|2|59|54.04|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = [[UK Postcodes|Postcode]] |postal_code = [[NP postcode aurie|NP]] |area_code = [[Leet o Wales diallin codes|01633]] |blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]] |blank_info = GB-NWP |blank1_name = [[ONS codin seestem|ONS code]] |blank1_info = 00PR |blank2_name = [[Breetish naitional grid reference seestem|OS grid reference]] |blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|ST312882}} |blank3_name = [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3 |blank3_info = UKD31 |blank4_name = [[Demonym]] |blank4_info = [[Newportonians]] |website = [http://www.newport.gov.uk/ www.newport.gov.uk] |footnotes = }} '''Newport''' ({{lang-cy|Casnewydd}}) is a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]] an [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Wales|unitar authority aurie]] in [[Wales]]. Staundin on the banks o the [[River Usk]], it is locatit aboot 12 mile (19&nbsp;km) east o [[Cairdiff]] an is the lairgest urban aurie athin the [[Historic coonties o Wales|historic coonty boundaries]] o [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]] an the [[preserved coonty]] o [[Gwent (coonty)|Gwent]]. The Ceety o Newport, which includes rural auries as well as the built up aurie, is govrened bi the unitary [[Newport Ceety Cooncil]], an haes a population o 140,200, makin it the seivent maist populous [[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi population|unitary authority]] in Wales. Accordin tae [[Unitit Kinrick Census 2001|Census 2001]] data the population o the core built-up aurie wis 116,143,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722233432/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_ua_ew_part1.pdf Key Statistics for urban auries in Ingland an Wales]</ref> makin it the third lairgest [[Leet o urban auries in Wales bi population|ceety]] in Wales. For European statistical purposes, Newport is includit athin the Cairdiff an Sooth Wales valleys metropolitan aurie, which haes a population o nearly 1.1 million.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |title=ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions Final Repor, March 2007 |access-date=2011-03-12 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newport railwey station is on the [[Sooth Wales main line]]. ==Twinnin== Newport is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinnin]]<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Newport City Council | url = http://www.newport.gov.uk/_dc/index.cfm?fuseaction=twinning.homepage | title = Town twinning | accessdate = 27 August 2006 | archive-date = 2014-08-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140802045649/http://www.newport.gov.uk/_dc/index.cfm?fuseaction=twinning.homepage | url-status = dead }}</ref> wi the follaein: *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Heidenheim an der Brenz|Heidenheim]], Germany syne 1980 *{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Kutaisi]], [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]] syne 1989 *{{flagicon|China}} [[Guangxi]], Cheenae syne 1996 ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Newport, Wales}} *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Wales/Newport}} *[http://www.newport.gov.uk/ Newport Ceety Cooncil] *[http://www.newportcitycentre.co.uk/ Ceety Centre information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209171245/http://www.newportcitycentre.co.uk/ |date=2006-12-09 }} *[http://www.newportcivicsociety.org.uk/ Newport Civic Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418103847/http://www.newportcivicsociety.org.uk/ |date=2011-04-18 }} *[http://www.newportunlimited.co.uk/ Newport Unlimited] *[http://www.nplocal.co.uk/ NP Local] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208060950/http://www.nplocal.co.uk/ |date=2011-02-08 }} *[http://www.abports.co.uk/custinfo/ports/newport.htm Port o Newport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605133956/http://www.abports.co.uk/custinfo/ports/newport.htm |date=2010-06-05 }} *[http://www.activnewport.com/ Activ Newport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208114034/http://activnewport.com/ |date=2011-02-08 }} *[http://www.newportsdead.shaunmcguire.co.uk/ Newport's War Dead] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425190146/http://www.newportsdead.shaunmcguire.co.uk/ |date=2011-04-25 }} {{Ceety o Newport}} {{Wales subdiveesions}} {{UK ceeties}} [[Category:Ceeties in Wales]] [[Category:Coonties o Wales]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Wales]] [[Category:Newport]] [[Category:Ports an harbours o Wales]] [[Category:Principal auries o Wales]] [[Category:River Usk]] 7mam563cfjlukd1mkzt7rftly1i1z4b 917412 917401 2026-05-29T10:41:31Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Newport, Wales]] til [[Newport]] ower reguidal: Nae page cried "Newport" on iss wiki, please dinna force enwiki namin staundarts fan they dinna mak sense fur iss wiki 893523 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement <!--See the Table at Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of usage--> |official_name = City of Newport |other_name = ''Dinas Casnewydd'' |native_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] & [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Wales|Principal aurie]]<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)--> |motto = "Terra Marique" <small> ''"Bi land an sea"''</small> <!-- images and maps -----------> |image_skyline = Newport Transporter Bridge from east bank.jpg |imagesize = 280px |image_caption = The [[Newport Transporter Bridge]], opened in 1906 |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_link = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |blank_emblem_link = Newport City Council |image_map = Newport UK location map.svg |mapsize = 250px |map_caption = City of Newport<br>an (inset) athin Wales <!-- Location ------------------> |subdivision_type = [[Sovereign state]] |subdivision_name = [[Unitit Kinrick]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Constituent kintra]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Wales]] |subdivision_type2 = [[Preservit coonties o Wales|Ceremonial coonty]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Gwent (coonty)|Gwent]] |subdivision_type3 = [[Historic coonties o Wales|Historic coonty]] |subdivision_name3 = [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]] |subdivision_type4 = Admin HQ |subdivision_name4 = [[Newport Civic Centre]] <!-- Politics -----------------> |government_footnotes = |government_type = [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Wales|Principal aurie]], [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety]] |leader_title = Govrenin&nbsp;body |leader_name = [[Newport City Council]] |leader_title1 = [[Mayor o Newport]] |leader_name1 = Margaret Cornelious |leader_title2 = Leader o Newport City Council |leader_name2 = Bob Bright |leader_title3 = [[Member o Parliament|MPs]] |leader_name3 = [[Paul Flynn (politeecian)|Paul Flynn]], [[Labour Pairty (UK)|Labour]]<br/>[[Jessica Morden]], Labour |leader_title4 = [[Member o the Welsh Assembly|AMs]] |leader_name4 = [[Rosemary Butler (politeecian)|Rosemary Butler]], Labour<br/>[[John Griffiths]], Labour |leader_title5 = [[Member o the European Parliament|MEPs]] |leader_name5 = [[Kay Swinburne]], [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative]]<br/>[[Derek Vaughan]], Labour<br/>[[Jillian Evans]], [[Plaid Cymru]]<br/>[[John Bufton]], [[UK Independence Party|UKIP]] |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = [[Toun chairter]] |established_date2 = 1385 |established_title3 = [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|Ceety status]] |established_date3 = 2002 <!-- Area ---------------------> |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired--> |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = 190<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion--> |area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion--> |area_water_km2 = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |area_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- Population -----------------------> |population_as_of = 2007 est / Urban 2006 |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = {{Welsh council population|POP=00PR}} ([[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi population|Ranked {{Welsh council population|RNK=00PR}}]]) |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_density_metro_sq_mi = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_density_urban_sq_mi = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_title = Density |population_density_blank1_km2 = 738 |population_density_blank1_sq_mi = 1910 |population_blank2_title = Ethnicity <br/><small>([[Unitit Kinrick Census 2001|2001 Census]]) </small> |population_blank2 = 95.1% White<br/> 2.6% S. Asie<br/> 1.5% Afro-Caribbean |population_density_blank2_km2 = |population_density_blank2_sq_mi = <!-- General information ---------------> |timezone = [[Greenwich Mean Time]] |utc_offset = +0 |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{coord|51|35|15.86|N|2|59|54.04|W|region:GB|display=inline,title}} |elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use<ref> </ref> tags--> |elevation_m = |elevation_ft = <!-- Area/postal codes & others --------> |postal_code_type = [[UK Postcodes|Postcode]] |postal_code = [[NP postcode aurie|NP]] |area_code = [[Leet o Wales diallin codes|01633]] |blank_name = [[ISO 3166-2:GB|ISO 3166-2]] |blank_info = GB-NWP |blank1_name = [[ONS codin seestem|ONS code]] |blank1_info = 00PR |blank2_name = [[Breetish naitional grid reference seestem|OS grid reference]] |blank2_info = {{gbmappingsmall|ST312882}} |blank3_name = [[Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics|NUTS]] 3 |blank3_info = UKD31 |blank4_name = [[Demonym]] |blank4_info = [[Newportonians]] |website = [http://www.newport.gov.uk/ www.newport.gov.uk] |footnotes = }} '''Newport''' ({{lang-cy|Casnewydd}}) is a [[Ceety status in the Unitit Kinrick|ceety]] an [[Admeenistrative diveesions o Wales|unitar authority aurie]] in [[Wales]]. Staundin on the banks o the [[River Usk]], it is locatit aboot 12 mile (19&nbsp;km) east o [[Cairdiff]] an is the lairgest urban aurie athin the [[Historic coonties o Wales|historic coonty boundaries]] o [[Monmouthshire (historic)|Monmouthshire]] an the [[preserved coonty]] o [[Gwent (coonty)|Gwent]]. The Ceety o Newport, which includes rural auries as well as the built up aurie, is govrened bi the unitary [[Newport Ceety Cooncil]], an haes a population o 140,200, makin it the seivent maist populous [[Leet o Welsh principal auries bi population|unitary authority]] in Wales. Accordin tae [[Unitit Kinrick Census 2001|Census 2001]] data the population o the core built-up aurie wis 116,143,<ref>[http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20040722233432/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/downloads/census2001/ks_ua_ew_part1.pdf Key Statistics for urban auries in Ingland an Wales]</ref> makin it the third lairgest [[Leet o urban auries in Wales bi population|ceety]] in Wales. For European statistical purposes, Newport is includit athin the Cairdiff an Sooth Wales valleys metropolitan aurie, which haes a population o nearly 1.1 million.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |title=ESPON project 1.4.3 Study on Urban Functions Final Repor, March 2007 |access-date=2011-03-12 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924002318/http://www.espon.eu/export/sites/default/Documents/Projects/ESPON2006Projects/StudiesScientificSupportProjects/UrbanFunctions/fr-1.4.3_April2007-final.pdf#page=119 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Newport railwey station is on the [[Sooth Wales main line]]. ==Twinnin== Newport is [[Twin touns an sister ceeties|twinnin]]<ref>{{cite web | publisher = Newport City Council | url = http://www.newport.gov.uk/_dc/index.cfm?fuseaction=twinning.homepage | title = Town twinning | accessdate = 27 August 2006 | archive-date = 2014-08-02 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140802045649/http://www.newport.gov.uk/_dc/index.cfm?fuseaction=twinning.homepage | url-status = dead }}</ref> wi the follaein: *{{flagicon|Germany}} [[Heidenheim an der Brenz|Heidenheim]], Germany syne 1980 *{{flagicon|Georgia}} [[Kutaisi]], [[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]] syne 1989 *{{flagicon|China}} [[Guangxi]], Cheenae syne 1996 ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commonscat|Newport, Wales}} *{{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Wales/Newport}} *[http://www.newport.gov.uk/ Newport Ceety Cooncil] *[http://www.newportcitycentre.co.uk/ Ceety Centre information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061209171245/http://www.newportcitycentre.co.uk/ |date=2006-12-09 }} *[http://www.newportcivicsociety.org.uk/ Newport Civic Society] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110418103847/http://www.newportcivicsociety.org.uk/ |date=2011-04-18 }} *[http://www.newportunlimited.co.uk/ Newport Unlimited] *[http://www.nplocal.co.uk/ NP Local] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208060950/http://www.nplocal.co.uk/ |date=2011-02-08 }} *[http://www.abports.co.uk/custinfo/ports/newport.htm Port o Newport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100605133956/http://www.abports.co.uk/custinfo/ports/newport.htm |date=2010-06-05 }} *[http://www.activnewport.com/ Activ Newport] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110208114034/http://activnewport.com/ |date=2011-02-08 }} *[http://www.newportsdead.shaunmcguire.co.uk/ Newport's War Dead] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110425190146/http://www.newportsdead.shaunmcguire.co.uk/ |date=2011-04-25 }} {{Ceety o Newport}} {{Wales subdiveesions}} {{UK ceeties}} [[Category:Ceeties in Wales]] [[Category:Coonties o Wales]] [[Category:Populatit coastal places in Wales]] [[Category:Newport]] [[Category:Ports an harbours o Wales]] [[Category:Principal auries o Wales]] [[Category:River Usk]] 7mam563cfjlukd1mkzt7rftly1i1z4b 0 21505 917416 913301 2026-05-29T10:50:57Z Findinscots 131877 changed the spellin o "guria" tae gurie. 917416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced|date=Februar 2026}} {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: auto;" |- ! colspan="3" style="font-size:larger; text-align: center;"| Regions o Georgie |- | colspan="3" | [[Image:Regions of Georgia (country).svg|center|300px]] |----- ! Map ref. !! Region !! Caipital |----- | 1 || [[Abkhazie]] || [[Sukhumi]] (Sokhumi) |----- | 2 || [[Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti]] || [[Zugdidi]] |----- | 3 || Gurie || [[Ozurgeti]] |----- | 4 || [[Adjara]] || [[Batumi]] |----- | 5 || [[Racha-Lechkhumi an Kvemo Svaneti|Racha-Lechkhumi<br> an Kvemo Svaneti]] || [[Ambrolauri]] |----- | 6 || [[Imereti]] || [[Kutaisi]] |----- | 7 || [[Samtskhe-Javakheti]] || [[Akhaltsikhe]] |----- | 8 || [[Shida Kartli]] || [[Gori, Georgie|Gori]] |----- | 9 || [[Mtskheta-Mtianeti]] || [[Mtskheta]] |----- | 10 || [[Kvemo Kartli]] || [[Rustavi]] |----- | 11 || [[Kakheti]] || [[Telavi]] |----- | 12 || [[Tbilisi]] || [[Tbilisi]] |----- |} '''[[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]]''' is dividit intae twae [[autonomous republic]]s ({{lang-ka|ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა, ''avtonomiuri respublika''}}) an nine regions (Georgie: მხარე, ''[[mkhare]]''). The nine regions are [[Guria]], [[Imereti]], [[Kakheti]], [[Kvemo Kartli]], [[Mtskheta-Mtianeti]], [[Racha-Lechkhumi an Kvemo Svaneti]], [[Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti]], [[Samtskhe-Javakheti]], an [[Shida Kartli]]. The [[autonomous republics]] ([[Abkhazia]] an [[Adjara]]) wur established durin the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] regime an are recognized bi the modren Georgie Constitution. [[Abkhazie]] represents a brakawa republic whose independence is no recognizit internaitionally. [[De jure]], [[Abkhazia]] is heidit bi the Chairman o the Supreme Cooncil (in exile) while [[de facto]] it is heidit bi the [[Preses o Abkhazie|Preses]]. Adjara, which is heidit bi the Chairman o Cabinet o Meenisters, became fully lyal tae the central authorities o Georgie follaein a peaceful oostin o the umwhile secessionist leader in 2004. Regions wur established bi [[Preses o Georgie|Presidential]] decrees frae 1994 tae 1996, on a provisional basis till the secessionist conflicts in Abkhazie an Sooth Ossetie are resolvit. The regional administration is heidit bi the State Commissioner (Georgie: სახელმწიფო რწმუნებული)&nbsp;– informally ''Govrenor''&nbsp;– an offeecial appointit bi the [[Preses o Georgie]]. The status o the umwhile [[Sooth Ossetie Autonomous Oblast]]&nbsp;– [[Sooth Ossetie]] (an aw referred tae as ''Samachablo'' or ''Tskhinvali Region''), is the subject of negotiation with the [[de facto]] separatist govrenment, heidit bi the [[Preses o Sooth Ossetie|Preses]]. The brakawa republic claims the northren pairt o the [[Shida Kartli]] region as its territory, wi sma pairts o neighbourin regions. The regions are subdividit intae [[Destricts o Georgie (kintra)|destricts]] (Georgie: რაიონი): [[Image:Georgia districts.png|thumb|none|300px|Destricts o Georgie]] ==See an aw== * [[ISO 3166-2:GE|ISO 3166-2 codes for regions an autonomous republics o Georgie]] * [[Proveesional Admeenistrative Entity o Sooth Ossetie]] {{Admeenistrative diveesions o Georgie}} {{Airticles on first-level admeenistrative diveesions o European kintras}} [[Category:Subdiveesions o Georgie (kintra)| ]] [[Category:Leets o kintra subdiveesions|Georgie]] [[Category:Kintra subdiveesions o Europe|Georgie]] [[Category:Georgie (kintra)-relatit leets]] 853vcdmsfgee6hl90edc1arcp2dhuod 917418 917416 2026-05-29T10:56:37Z CiphriusKane 74958 917418 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Unsoorced|date=Februar 2026}} {| class="infobox bordered" style="width: auto;" |- ! colspan="3" style="font-size:larger; text-align: center;"| Regions o Georgie |- | colspan="3" | [[Image:Regions of Georgia (country).svg|center|300px]] |----- ! Map ref. !! Region !! Caipital |----- | 1 || [[Abkhazie]] || [[Sukhumi]] (Sokhumi) |----- | 2 || [[Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti]] || [[Zugdidi]] |----- | 3 || Gurie || [[Ozurgeti]] |----- | 4 || [[Adjara]] || [[Batumi]] |----- | 5 || [[Racha-Lechkhumi an Kvemo Svaneti|Racha-Lechkhumi<br> an Kvemo Svaneti]] || [[Ambrolauri]] |----- | 6 || [[Imereti]] || [[Kutaisi]] |----- | 7 || [[Samtskhe-Javakheti]] || [[Akhaltsikhe]] |----- | 8 || [[Shida Kartli]] || [[Gori, Georgie|Gori]] |----- | 9 || [[Mtskheta-Mtianeti]] || [[Mtskheta]] |----- | 10 || [[Kvemo Kartli]] || [[Rustavi]] |----- | 11 || [[Kakheti]] || [[Telavi]] |----- | 12 || [[Tbilisi]] || [[Tbilisi]] |----- |} '''[[Georgie (kintra)|Georgie]]''' is dividit intae twae [[autonomous republic]]s ({{lang-ka|ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა, avtonomiuri respublika}}) an nine regions (Georgie: მხარე, ''[[mkhare]]''). The nine regions are [[Guria]], [[Imereti]], [[Kakheti]], [[Kvemo Kartli]], [[Mtskheta-Mtianeti]], [[Racha-Lechkhumi an Kvemo Svaneti]], [[Samegrelo-Zemo Svaneti]], [[Samtskhe-Javakheti]], an [[Shida Kartli]]. The [[autonomous republics]] ([[Abkhazia]] an [[Adjara]]) wur established durin the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] regime an are recognized bi the modren Georgie Constitution. [[Abkhazie]] represents a brakawa republic whose independence is no recognizit internaitionally. [[De jure]], [[Abkhazia]] is heidit bi the Chairman o the Supreme Cooncil (in exile) while [[de facto]] it is heidit bi the [[Preses o Abkhazie|Preses]]. Adjara, which is heidit bi the Chairman o Cabinet o Meenisters, became fully lyal tae the central authorities o Georgie follaein a peaceful oostin o the umwhile secessionist leader in 2004. Regions wur established bi [[Preses o Georgie|Presidential]] decrees frae 1994 tae 1996, on a provisional basis till the secessionist conflicts in Abkhazie an Sooth Ossetie are resolvit. The regional administration is heidit bi the State Commissioner (Georgie: სახელმწიფო რწმუნებული)&nbsp;– informally ''Govrenor''&nbsp;– an offeecial appointit bi the [[Preses o Georgie]]. The status o the umwhile [[Sooth Ossetie Autonomous Oblast]]&nbsp;– [[Sooth Ossetie]] (an aw referred tae as ''Samachablo'' or ''Tskhinvali Region''), is the subject of negotiation with the [[de facto]] separatist govrenment, heidit bi the [[Preses o Sooth Ossetie|Preses]]. The brakawa republic claims the northren pairt o the [[Shida Kartli]] region as its territory, wi sma pairts o neighbourin regions. The regions are subdividit intae [[Destricts o Georgie (kintra)|destricts]] (Georgie: რაიონი): [[Image:Georgia districts.png|thumb|none|300px|Destricts o Georgie]] {{Admeenistrative diveesions o Georgie}} {{Airticles on first-level admeenistrative diveesions o European kintras}} [[Category:Subdiveesions o Georgie (kintra)| ]] [[Category:Leets o kintra subdiveesions|Georgie]] [[Category:Kintra subdiveesions o Europe|Georgie]] [[Category:Georgie (kintra)-relatit leets]] j1kvdw1bste6gneal5idjy8w5agppek 0 32169 917356 910654 2026-05-28T23:38:59Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement | name = Aguascalientes | native_name = <small>Estado Libre y Soberano de Aguascalientes</small> | native_name_lang = | settlement_type = [[Poleetical diveeisons o Mexico|State]] | image_flag = Flag of Aguascalientes.svg | flag_size = 160px | flag_alt = | image_seal = Coat of arms of Aguascalientes.svg | seal_size = 80px | nickname = | motto ={{-}}<small>''Bona Terra, Bona Gens, Aqua Clara, Clarum Coelum''</small>{{-}}<small>''(Guid Earth, Guid Fowk, Clear Watter, Clear Sky)''</small> | anthem = [[Himno de Aguascalientes]] | image_map = Aguascalientes en México.svg | map_caption = State o Aguascalientes athin Mexico | coordinates = {{coord|22|01|18|N|102|21|23|W|region:MX-AGU_type:adm1st|display=inline}} | coor_pinpoint = | coordinates_footnotes = | subdivision_type = [[Kintra]] | subdivision_name = [[Mexico]] | subdivision_type1 = [[Caipital ceety|Caipital]] | subdivision_name1 = [[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]] | subdivision_type2 = [[Leet o ceeties in Mexico|Lairgest&nbsp;Ceety]] | subdivision_name2 = [[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]] | subdivision_type3 = [[Municipalities o Mexico|Municipalities]] | subdivision_name3 = [[Municipalities o Aguascalientes|11]] | established_title = [[Sovereign state|Admission]] | established_date = 5 Februar 1857<ref>{{cite news| title=Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán| url=http://www.yucatan.gob.mx/servicios/c_civico/fechas.jsp?mes=2| language=Spanish| access-date=2012-02-22| archive-date=2010-04-11| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100411140738/http://www.yucatan.gob.mx/servicios/c_civico/fechas.jsp?mes=2| url-status=dead}}</ref> | established_title2 = [[Territorial evolution o Mexico|Order]] | established_date2 = [[Territorial evolution o Mexico|24t]] | founder = | seat_type = | seat = | government_footnotes = | leader_party = | leader_title = [[Leet o Mexican state govrenors|Governor]] | leader_name = [[Carlos Lozano de la Torre|Carlos Lozano]] [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|PRI|23px]] | leader_title1 = [[Senate o Mexico|Senators]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Senadores por Aguascalientes LXI Legislatura |url=http://www.senado.gob.mx/index.php?ver=int&mn=4&sm=4&id=2 |publisher=Senado de la Republica |accessdate=October 20, 2010}}</ref> | leader_name1 = Felipe González [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]<br />Rubén Camarillo [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PAN|23px]]<br />Norma Esparza Herrera [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|PRI|23px]] |leader_title2 = [[Chamber o Deputies o Mexico|Deputies]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Listado de Diputados por Grupo Parlamentario del Estado de Aguascalientes |url=http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXI_leg/listado_diputados_gpnp.php?tipot=Edo&edot=32 |publisher=Camara de Diputados |accessdate=October 19, 2010 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224193306/http://sitl.diputados.gob.mx/LXI_leg/listado_diputados_gpnp.php?tipot=Edo&edot=32%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |leader_name2 = {{Collapsible list |title = [[Chamber o Deputies o Mexico|Federal Deputies]] |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = <!-- (optional) --> |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1 = • [[Margarita Gallegos Soto]] [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|PRI|23px]] |2 = • [[David Hernández Vallin]] [[File:PRI Party (Mexico).svg|PRI|23px]] |3 = • [[José Antonio Arámbula]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PRD|23px]] |4 = • [[Raúl Gerardo Cuadra]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PRD|23px]] |5 = • [[Nancy González Ulloa]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PRD|23px]] |6 = • [[Lourdes Reynoso Femat]] [[File:PAN Party (Mexico).svg|PRD|23px]] }} | unit_pref = Metric<!-- or US or UK --> | area_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Superficie |url=http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/ags/default.aspx?tema=me&e=01 |publisher=Cuentame INEGI |accessdate=October 20, 2010 |archive-date=2010-09-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906042840/http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/ags/default.aspx?tema=me&e=01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | area_total_km2 = 5618 | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | area_water_percent = | area_note = [[Leet o Mexican states bi aurie|Ranked 28t]] | elevation_m = | elevation_max_footnotes =<ref>{{cite web |title=Relieve |url=http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/ags/territorio/relieve.aspx?tema=me&e=01 |publisher=Cuentame INEGI |accessdate=October 19, 2010 |archive-date=2011-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723192608/http://cuentame.inegi.gob.mx/monografias/informacion/ags/territorio/relieve.aspx?tema=me&e=01 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | elevation_max_m = 3050 | elevation_max_ft = | elevation_min_m = | elevation_min_ft = | population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Mexico en Cifras |url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=1 |publisher=INEGI |accessdate=March 24, 2011 |archive-date=2012-03-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319183712/http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=1 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | population_total = 1,184,996 | population_as_of = 2010 | population_density_km2 = auto | population_density_rank = [[Leet o Mexican states bi population density|4t]] | population_demonym = Hidrocálido (a) | population_note = | population_rank = [[Leet o Mexican states bi population|27t]] | timezone1 = [[Central Time Zone|CST]] | utc_offset1 = −6 | timezone1_DST = [[Central Daylicht Time|CDT]] | utc_offset1_DST = −5 | postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in Mexico|Postal code]] | postal_code = 20 | area_code_type = [[Aurie code]] | area_code = {{Collapsible list |title = [[Aurie codes in Mexico bi code (400-499)|Aurie codes]] |frame_style = border:none; padding: 0; |title_style = <!-- (optional) --> |list_style = text-align:left;display:none; |1 = • 449 |2 = • 465 |3 = • 495 }} | iso_code = MX-AGU | blank_name_sec1 = [[Human Development Index|HDI]] | blank_info_sec1 = {{increase}} 0.844 <span style="color:#090;">high</span> <small>[[Leet o Mexican states bi HDI|Ranked 11t]]</small> | blank_name_sec2 = [[GDP]] | blank_info_sec2 = US$ 7,435,493.3 [[Million|mil]]{{Ref label|engfactobox|a|}} | website = {{URL|http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/|Official Web Site}} | footnotes = {{note|engoffbox}}a. The state's GDP wis 95,174,314 million o [[Mexican peso|pesos]] in 2008,<ref>{{cite web|title=Aguascalientes.|url=http://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/bise/mexicocifras/default.aspx?ent=1|year=2010|accessdate=October 19, 2010|archive-date=2018-12-24|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224193313/https://www.inegi.org.mx/400.html?aspxerrorpath=%2Fsistemas%2Fbise%2Fmexicocifras%2Fdefault.aspx|url-status=dead}}</ref> amoont correspondin tae 7,435,493.3 millon o [[Dollar coin (Unitit States)|dollars]], being a dollar worth 12.80 pesos (value o 3 Juin 2010).<ref>{{cite web |title=Reporte: Jueves 3 de Junio del 2010. Cierre del peso mexicano. |url=http://www.pesomexicano.com.mx/archivo/2010/junio/03/reporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm#leermas |publisher=www.pesomexicano.com.mx |accessdate=August 10, 2010 |archive-date=2010-06-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100608173515/http://www.pesomexicano.com.mx/archivo/2010/junio/03/reporte-jueves-3-de-junio-del-2010--cierre-del-peso-mexicano.htm#leermas |url-status=dead }}</ref> }} '''Aguascalientes''' ({{IPA-es|ˈaɣwaskaˈljentes|-|ES-Aguascalientes.ogg}}) is ane o the 31 states which, wi the [[Mexico Ceety|Federal Destrict]], comprise the [[Poleetical diveesions o Mexico|32 Federal Entities]] o [[Mexico]]. It is dividit in [[Municipalities o Aguascalientes|11 municipalities]] an its caipital ceety is [[Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes|Aguascalientes]]. It is locatit in the [[North-Central Mexico]]. It is bordered bi the states o [[Zacatecas]] tae the north an [[Jalisco]] tae the sooth. Its name means "hot watters" in Spaingie an oreeginatit frae the abundance o hot springs in the aurie, the correspondin demonym for the state an its inhabitants is ''hidrocálido''. ==References== {{reflist|2}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commonscat|Aguascalientes}} *{{es icon}} [http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx Aguascalientes state govrenment] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070406171651/http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/ |date=2007-04-06 }} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20080227034722/http://www.flickr.com/photos/technopal/sets/72157594560209012/ Picturs o Aguascalientes] Photo set o the Ceety o Aguascalientes *[http://www.travelaguascalientes.com Aguascalientes Touristic website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100315082530/http://travelaguascalientes.com/ |date=2010-03-15 }} *[http://www.aguascalientesmexico.info Fotos y Mensajes de Aguascalientes] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120190211/https://aguascalientesmexico.info/ |date=2021-11-20 }} {{Aguascalientes}} {{States o Mexico}} [[Category:States o Mexico]] [[Category:Aguascalientes| ]] [[Category:States an territories established in 1835]] rnywvyjzej52nzpoigao58uw3bzu4vw 0 33041 917404 850898 2026-05-29T07:08:11Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox settlement |name = Contagem |settlement_type = Municipality |official_name = The Municipality o Contagem |website = [http://www.contagem.mg.gov.br/ Contagem, Minas Gerais] |nickname = Contagem das Abóboras |motto = ''Per Populum Omnis Potestas A Deo'' |image_skyline = ContagemZICA.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Skyline o Contagem |image_flag = BandeiraContagem.jpg |image_seal = Contagem Brasão.png |image_map = MinasGerais Municip Contagem.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location in [[Minas Gerais]] |pushpin_map =Brazil |subdivision_type = [[Leet o kintras|Kintra]] |subdivision_type1 = [[Regions o Brazil|Region]] |subdivision_type2 = [[States o Brazil|State]] |subdivision_name = [[Brazil]] |subdivision_name1 = [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Sootheast]] |subdivision_name2 = [[Minas Gerais]] |leader_title = [[Mayor]] |leader_name = [[Marilia Aparecida Campos]] ([[Wirkers' Pairty (Brazil)|PT]]) |established_title = Foondit |established_date = 1716 |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 194.586 |area_total_sq_mi = 75.1 |area_land_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_sq_mi = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2008 |population_note = |population_footnotes =<ref name=totalpop>{{cite web|url = http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/populacao/estimativa2008/POP_2008_DOU.pdf | title = Estimativas das Populações Residentes, em 01.07.2006, Segundo os Municípios | language = in Portuguese | publisher = [[IBGE]] | accessdate = 2006-09-01}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> |population_total = 617749 |population_metro = |population_urban = |population_density_km2 = 3100.8 |population_density_sq_mi = |timezone = [[UTC-3]] |utc_offset = -3 |timezone_DST = [[UTC-2]] |utc_offset_DST = -2 |coordinates = {{coord|19|55|55|S|44|03|14|W|region:BR|display=inline}} |elevation_m = 858 |elevation_ft = 2,815 |area_code = +55 31 |postal_code_type = Postal Code |postal_code = 32000-000 |footnotes = }} <!-- Infobox ends !--> '''Contagem''' ({{IPA-pt|kõˈtaʒẽj}}) is a ceety in the centre o the state o [[Minas Gerais]], in [[Brazil]]. It is locatit anerlie 21 kilometers frae the caipital, [[Belo Horizonte]] an forms pairt o a metropolitan aurie wi a population o 4.8 million. The ceety belangs tae the mesoregion Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte an tae the microregion o Belo Horizonte an haes a territorial extension o 195.2&nbsp;km² an borders the municipalities o [[Ribeirão das Neves]], [[Esmeraldas, Minas Gerais|Esmeraldas]], [[Betim]], [[Ibirité]] an Belo Horizonte. The elevation o the ceety haw is 939 meters. Accordin tae estimates frae 2008 the municipal population wis 617,741 makkin it the seicont maist populous ceety in the state o Minas Gerais, efter Belo Horizonte. The population is vera young wi 86% o the population bein less nor 50 year auld. ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.ceasaminas.com.br/contagem.asp Ceasa Greater BH] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709230436/http://www.ceasaminas.com.br/contagem.asp |date=2006-07-09 }} *[http://www.contagem.mg.gov.br/ City government official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180307092747/http://www.contagem.mg.gov.br/ |date=2018-03-07 }} {{commons|Contagem}} == References == {{Reflist}} {{BrazilLairgestCeeties}} {{Municipalities o Minas Gerais}} [[Category:Municipalities in Minas Gerais]] 1sg4v5lzt6mix51v8ho3yr6wbjty3ry 0 36358 917347 895065 2026-05-28T23:12:56Z Ollin Masa 131280 File 917347 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox serial killer |name =Andrei Chikatilo |image = |image_size = 150px |caption = [[Mug shot]] o Andrei Chikatilo |birthname = Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo |alias = The Butcher o Rostov<br>The Red Ripper<br>The Forest Strip Killer<br>The Rostov Ripper<ref>''The Killer Depairtment''</ref><ref>''The Red Ripper''</ref> |birth_date = {{birth date|1936|10|16|df=yes}} |birth_place = {{nowrap|Yablochnoye, [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukrainian SSR]],}} [[Soviet Union]] |death_date = {{nowrap|{{death date and age|1994|2|14|1936|10|16|df=yes}}}} |death_place = [[Novocherkassk]], [[Roushie]] |cause = [[Execution|Executit]] bi gunshot ahint richt ear |victims = 53 confirmit, 56+ claimit |country = [[Soviet Union]] |beginyear = 22 December 1978 |endyear = 6 November 1990 |apprehended = 20 November 1990 |conviction = [[Murther]]<br/>[[Sexual assault]] |sentence = [[Daith penalty|Daith]] }} [[File:AndriejCzikatilo.png|thumb|right|Andrei Chikatilo (1992)]] '''Andrei Romanovich Chikatilo''' ({{lang-uk|Андрі́й Рома́нович Чикати́ло}}; 16 October 1936 – 14 Februar 1994) wis a [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] serial killer, elk-namit '''The Butcher o Rostov''', '''The Reid Ripper''' an '''The Rostov Ripper''' who committit the murther o a minimum o 52 weemen an childer atween 1978 an 1990 in the [[Roushie SFSR]]. Chikatilo confessed tae a tot o 56 murthers an wis treed for 53 o thir killins in Aprile, 1992. He wis convictit an [[daith sentence|sentencit tae daith]] for 52 o thir murthers in October 1992 an subsequently [[Execution|executit]] in Februar 1994. Chikatilo wis kent bi sic titles as ''The Rostov Ripper'' an ''The Butcher o Rostov'' acause the majority o his murthers wur committit in the [[Rostov Oblast]] o the [[Roushie SFSR]]. ==Leet o victims== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Number<ref>[https://archive.today/20120716114845/vitaextensa.narod.ru/chikatilo_victims.htm/ Leet an description o Chikatilo's murthers (Roushie)]</ref> ! Name<ref>''The Red Ripper'', pp. 252–57.</ref> ! Sex ! Age ! Date o Murther ! Notes |- | 1 | Yelena Zakotnova | F | 9 | 22 December 1978 | Chikatilo's first victim. Accostit bi Chikatilo while walkin hame frae an ice-skeitchin rink. |- | 2 | Larisa Tkachenko | F | 17 | 3 September 1981 | Approached bi Chikatilo while waitin for a bus back tae her buirding schuil.<ref name="The Red Ripper, p. 55"/> |- | 3 | Lyubov Biryuk | F | 13 | 12 Juin 1982 | Biryuk wis abductit while returnin frae a shoppin trip in the veelage o [[Donskoi]].<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 3–5.</ref> |- | 4 | Lyubov Volobuyeva | F | 14 | 25 Julie 1982 | Killed in an orchard near [[Krasnodar Airport]].<ref name="The Killer Department, p. 205"/> Her body wis foond August 7. |- | 5 | Oleg Pozhidayev | M | 9 | 13 August 1982 | Chikatilo's first male victim. Pozhidayev wis killed in [[Adygea]]. His body wis niver foond.<ref name="The Red Ripper, p. 60"/> |- | 6 | Olga Kuprina | F | 16 | 16 August 1982 | Killed in Kazachi Lagerya. Her body wis foond 27 October.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 15</ref> |- | 7 | Irina Karabelnikova | F | 19 | 8 September 1982 | Lured awa frae Shakhty station bi Chikatilo. Her body wis foond 20 September. |- | 8 | Sergey Kuzmin | M | 15 | 15 September 1982 | A runawa frae a buirdin schuil. Kuzmin's body wis foond at Shakhty station in Januar 1983. |- | 9 | Olga Stalmachenok | F | 10 | 11 December 1982 | Olga wis lured aff a bus while ridin hame frae her piano lessons in Novoshakhtinsk.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 25.</ref> |- | 10 | Laura Sarkisyan | F | 15 | Efter 18 Juin 1983 | Sarkisyan wis frae Armenie: her body wis niver foond. Chikatilo wis cleared o this murther at his trial. |- | 11 | Irina Dunenkova | F | 13 | Julie 1983 | Dunenkova's body wis foond in Aviators' Pairk, Rostov, on 8 August 1983.<ref name="The Red Ripper, p. 253"/> |- | 12 | Lyudmila Kushuba | F | 24 | Julie 1983 | Killed in firthland near a Shakhty bus station. Her body wis foond 12 Mairch 1984.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 65</ref> |- | 13 | Igor Gudkov | M | 7 | 9 August 1983 | Chikatilo's youngest victim. He wis killed in Aviators' Pairk, Rostov. Gudkov wis the first male victim linkit tae the manhunt. |- | 14 | Valentina Chuchulina | F | 22 | Efter 19 September 1983 | Chuchulina's body wis foond on 27 November 1983 in a firthit aurie near Kirpichnaya station.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 49.</ref> |- | 15 | Unkent wumman | F | 18–25 | Simmer 1983<ref>''The Killer Department'', pp. 46–47</ref> | Chikatilo claimit he encoontered this victim while she tree'd tae find a ''"man (client) wi a caur."'' |- | 16 | Vera Shevkun | F | 19 | 27 October 1983 | Killed in a minin veelage near Shakhty. Her body wis foond on 30 October.<ref>''The Killer Department'', pp. 48–49</ref> |- | 17 | Sergey Markov | M | 14 | 27 December 1983 | Disappeared while returnin hame frae wirk experience. His body wis foond on 4 Januar 1984. |- | 18 | Natalya Shalapinina | F | 17 | 9 Januar 1984 | Killed in Aviators' Pairk, Rostov. Shalapinina haed been a close friend o Olga Kuprina, killed bi Chikatilo in 1982. |- | 19 | Marta Ryabenko | F | 45 | 21 Februar 1984 | Chikatilo's auldest victim. She wus killed in Aviators' Pairk, Rostov. |- | 20 | Dmitriy Ptashnikov | M | 10 | 24 Mairch 1984 | Lured frae a stamp kiosk in Novoshakhtinsk bu Chikatilo, who pretendit tae be a fellae collector.<ref name="The Killer Department, p. 202"/> |- | 21 | Tatyana Petrosyan | F | 32 | 25 Mey 1984 | Murthered thegither wi her dochter ootside Shakhty. She haed kent Chikatilo syne 1978.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', p. 82.</ref> |- | 22 | Svetlana Petrosyan | F | 11 | 25 Mey 1984 | Svetlana siw Chikatilo murther her mither afore he chased her an killed her wi a hammer. |- | 23 | Yelena Bakulina | F | 21 | 22 Juin 1984 | Bakulina's body wis foond on 27 August in the Bagasenski region o Rostov.<ref name="The Red Ripper, p. 254">''The Red Ripper'', p. 254.</ref> |- | 24 | Dmitriy Illarionov | M | 13 | 10 Julie 1984 | Vanished in Rostov while on his wey tae get a heal certificate for simmer camp.<ref name="The Killer Department, p. 78">''The Killer Department'', p. 78</ref> |- | 25 | Anna Lemesheva | F | 19 | 19 Julie 1984 | A student who disappeared on her wey tae veesit a dentist. She wis killed in Shakhty. |- | 26 | Svetlana Tsana | F | 20 | Julie 1984 | Oreeginally frae [[Riga]]. Her body wis foond on 9 September 1984 in Aviators' Pairk, Rostov.<ref name="The Red Ripper, p. 254"/> |- | 27 | Natalya Golosovskaya | F | 16 | 2 August 1984 | Vanished on a veesit tae Novoshakhtinsk, whaur she wis tae veesit her sister. She wis killed in Aviators' Pairk, Rostov.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', p. 93</ref> |- | 28 | Lyudmila Alekseyeva | F | 17 | 7 August 1984 | A student lured frae a bus stap bi Chikatilo, who affered tae direct her tae Rostov's bus terminal.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', pp. 93–94.</ref> |- | 29 | Unkent wumman | F | 20–25 | 8–11 August 1984 | Killed in Tashkent bi Chikatilo while on a business trip tae the [[Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic|Uzbek SSR]] ceety. |- | 30 | Akmaral Seydaliyeva | F | 10 | 13 August 1984 | A runawa frae [[Alma-Ata]], Kazakhstan, killed bi Chikatilo in Tashkent an aw.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 205</ref> |- | 31 | Aleksandr Chepel | M | 11 | 28 August 1984 | Chepel wis killed on the banks o the [[Don River (Roushie)|Don River]], near whare Alekseyeva haed been killed.<ref name="The Killer Department, p. 78"/> |- | 32 | Irina Luchinskaya | F | 24 | 6 September 1984 | A Rostov leebrarian, killed bi Chikatilo in Aviators' Pairk, Rostov.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', p. 101.</ref> |- | 33 | Natalya Pokhlistova | F | 18 | 31 Julie 1985 | Lured aff a train bi Chikatilo near Domodedovo Airport, [[Moscow Oblast]]. Her body wis foond on 3 August.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', pp. 123–24</ref> |- | 34 | Irina Gulyayeva | F | 18 | 27 August 1985 | Killed in a grove o trees near Shakhty bus station. Her body wis foond the follaein day.<ref name="The Red Ripper, p. 256">''The Red Ripper'', p. 256</ref> |- | 35 | Oleg Makarenkov | M | 13 | 16 Mey 1987 | Killed in [[Revda, Sverdlovsk Oblast]]. Chikatilo led polis tae Makarenkov's remains efter his arrest.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', p. 256.</ref> |- | 36 | Ivan Bilovetskiy | M | 12 | 29 Julie 1987 | Killed in firthland alangside a railwey in the Ukrainian ceety o Zaporizhya. His body wis foond bi his awn faither on 30 Julie.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', pp. 133–35</ref> |- | 37 | Yuri Tereshonok | M | 16 | 15 September 1987 | Lured aff a train in Leningrad. Chikatilo led polis tae his remains efter his arrest.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120716114845/vitaextensa.narod.ru/chikatilo_victims.htm/ /vitaextensa.narod.ru.]</ref> |- | 38 | Unkent woman | F | 18–25 | 1–4 Aprile 1988 | Killed near Krasny Sulin train station. Her body wis foond on 6 Aprile.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 146</ref> |- | 39 | Aleksey Voronko | M | 9 | 15 Mey 1988 | Voronko wis killed near a train station in [[Ilovaisk]], Ukraine: the Rostov–Ukraine rail route.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 147</ref> |- | 40 | Yevgeniy Muratov | M | 15 | 14 Julie 1988 | The first victim killed near Rostov syne 1985. Muratov's body wis foond on 10 Aprile 1989.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 152.</ref> |- | 41 | Tatyana Ryzhova | F | 16 | 8 Mairch 1989 | A runawa frae Krasny Sulin, she wis killed in Chikatilo's awn dochter's apairtment. |- | 42 | Aleksandr Dyakonov | M | 8 | 11 Mey 1989 | Killed in Rostov ceety centre the day efter his 8t birthday. His body wis foond on 14 Julie.<ref name="The Red Ripper, p. 256"/> |- | 43 | Aleksey Moiseyev | M | 10 | 20 Juin 1989 | Killed in [[Vladimir Oblast]], east o Moscow. Chikatilo confessed tae this murther efter his arrest.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', p. 257.</ref> |- | 44 | Helena Varga | F | 19 | 19 August 1989 | A student frae [[Hungary]] who haed a bairn. She wis lured aff a bus an killed in a veelage near Rostov.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 156</ref> |- | 45 | Aleksey Khobotov | M | 10 | 28 August 1989 | Vanished frae ootside a theater in Shakhty. Chikatilo led polis tae his remains efter his arrest. |- | 46 | Andrey Kravchenko | M | 11 | 14 Januar 1990 | Lured frae a cinema bi Chikatilo. He wis killed in Shakhty. Kravchenko's body wis foond on 19 Februar.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', p. 165</ref> |- | 47 | Yaroslav Makarov | M | 10 | 7 Mairch 1990 | Lured frae a Rostov train station bi Chikatilo. He wis killed in Rostov Botanical Gardens.<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 157</ref> |- | 48 | Lyubov Zuyeva | F | 31 | 4 Aprile 1990 | Lured aff a train near the Donleskhoz station near Shakhty. Her body wis foond on 24 August. |- | 49 | Viktor Petrov | M | 13 | 28 Julie 1990 | Killed in Rostov Botanical Gardens; a few yards frae whare Makarov haed been murthert.<ref>''The Red Ripper'', p. 166.</ref> |- | 50 | Ivan Fomin | M | 11 | 14 August 1990 | Killed at Novocherkassk municipal beach. His body wis foond on 17 August.<ref>''The Killer Department'', pp. 160–161</ref> |- | 51 | Vadim Gromov | M | 16 | 17 October 1990 | A mentally handicapped student frae Shakhty. Gromov vanished while ridin the train tae [[Taganrog]].<ref>''The Killer Department'', p. 165.</ref> |- | 52 | Viktor Tishchenko | M | 16 | 30 October 1990 | Killed in Shakhty. Tishchenko focht haurd for his life; he wis the victim who bit Chikatilo's finger. |- | 53 | Svetlana Korostik | F | 22 | 6 November 1990 | Chikatilo's last victim. Her body wis foond 13 November in firthland near Donleskhoz station. |} ==See an aw== *[[Leet o serial killers bi number o victims]] ==Footnotes== {{reflist|5}} ==Freemit airtins== * [http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/notorious/chikatilo/coat_1.html Crime Library: Andrei Chikatilo] * [http://twistedminds.creativescapism.com/most-notorious/andrei-chikatilo/ Twisted Minds: Andrei Chikatilo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120505081316/http://twistedminds.creativescapism.com/most-notorious/andrei-chikatilo/ |date=2012-05-05 }} * [http://www.serial-killers.ru/materials/prigovor-chikatilo.htm Chikatilo's sentence] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100228175357/http://www.serial-killers.ru/materials/prigovor-chikatilo.htm |date=2010-02-28 }} * [http://www.serial-killers.ru/lesopolosa/victims.htm List of Chikatilo's victims with photos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130820020328/http://www.serial-killers.ru/lesopolosa/victims.htm |date=2013-08-20 }} {{DEFAULTSORT:Chikatilo, Andrei}} [[Category:1936 births]] [[Category:1994 daiths]] [[Category:Executit serial killers]] [[Category:Executit Ukrainian fowk]] [[Category:Fowk executit bi Roushie]] [[Category:Fowk executit bi single fireairm]] [[Category:Soviet murtherers o childer]] [[Category:Soviet fowk convictit o murther]] [[Category:Soviet rapists]] [[Category:Soviet serial killers]] [[Category:Ukrainian cannibals]] [[Category:Ukrainian serial killers]] [[Category:Ukrainian fowk executit abroad]] <!-- Interwiki links --> sgfty98et5165kf4vyysgi4omi1wxwf 0 43635 917406 865267 2026-05-29T08:53:42Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Finnish Municipality |name = Eckerö |official_name = {{lang|sv|Eckerö kommun}} |other_name = |native_name = |native_name_lang = |nickname = |settlement_type = Municipality |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = |image_skyline = Eckeroe-StLarsKyrka 02.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Eckerö Kirk |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = Eckerö.vaakuna.svg |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Eckerö sijainti Suomi.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location o Eckerö in [[Finland]] |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map =Finland Åland |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Åland |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |province = {{flag|Åland}} |region = Åland |subregion = Åland Kintraside sub-region |government_footnotes = |leader_title = |leader_name = Jörgen Lundqvist |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |extinct_title = |extinct_date = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_note = |finnish_official = |swedish_official = 1 |sami_official = |urbanisation = |unemployment = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |coordinates_type = |coordinates = {{coord|60|13|N|019|33|E|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = |postal_code = |website = [http://www.eckero.ax/ www.eckero.ax] |footnotes = }} '''Eckerö''' is a [[municipalities o Åland|municipality]] o [[Åland]], an autonomous territory unner [[Finland|Finnish]] [[sovereignty]]. The municipality haes a population o {{formatnum: {{Infobox Finnish municipality/population count|Eckerö}}}} ({{#time: j F Y|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/population count|sourcedate}} }})<ref name="population_count" /> an covers an aurie o {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/total area|Eckerö}}|km2}} o which {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/waters area|Eckerö}}|km2|abbr=on}} is watter.<ref name="total_area" /> The [[population densitie]] is {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/population density|Eckerö|round=2}}|PD/km2}}. The municipality is unilingually [[Swadish leid|Swadish]] an {{formatnum:{{pct|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/native language Swedish|Eckerö}}|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/native language total|Eckerö}}|1}}}} o the population are [[Finland-Swadish|Swadish speakers]]. It is the wastmaist municipality o Åland an Finland. The company [[Eckerö Linjen]] operates a [[ferry]] connection atween Berghamn in Storby, Eckerö an [[Grisslehamn]] on Väddö, Norrtälje in [[Swaden]]. The municipality haes been kent as ''Ekkerö'' in earlier Finnish documents an aw,<ref>[http://runeberg.org/pieni/1/0386.html 707–708 (Pieni Tietosanakirja / I. A – Isonzo)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> but is thir days referred tae as "Eckerö" in Finnish an aw. Eckerö's maist famous biggin is the Post an Customs house. It is the mucklemaist an maist inbeirin biggin that haes been erect tae aid the postal services atween Stockholm an St. Petersburg. The biggin wis biggit in the Russian times in 1828 an architect C.L Engel made the construction plans.<ref>http://visitaland.com/postvagen/en/eckero/{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Eckerö Post and Customs house</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} Risig ö. ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat-inline|Eckerö}} *[http://www.eckero.ax/ Eckerö Municipality's offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518105029/http://www.eckero.ax/ |date=2013-05-18 }} *{{Wikivoyage-inline|Eckerö}} *[http://visitaland.com/postvagen/en/eckero/ Eckerö Post an Customs hoose]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Municipalities o Åland}} [[Category:Municipalities o Åland]] 8erfhrpj1ij02dms0aof2y8hddqhcs3 0 44115 917337 891689 2026-05-28T21:01:33Z Electragod77 93930 917337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Province TR |name=Aksaray |image = Ihlara - 25936870521.jpg |image_caption = |map=Aksaray in Turkey.svg |region=Central Anatolie |licence = 68 |total population = 377,505 |tpop_as_of = 2010 |area_code= 382 |area=7,626 |turkname=Aksaray ili |}} '''Aksaray Province''' ({{lang-tr|{{italics correction|Aksaray ili}}}}) is a [[Provinces o Turkey|province]] in central [[Turkey]]. Its adjacent provinces are [[Konya Province|Konya]] alang the wast an sooth, [[Niğde Province|Niğde]] tae the sootheast, [[Nevşehir Province|Nevşehir]] tae the east, an [[Kırşehir Province|Kırşehir]] tae the north. It covers an aurie o 7,626&nbsp;km². The provincial caipital is the ceety o [[Aksaray]]. This is a region o great naitural brawness: Aksaray is ane o the fower provinces in the hintle-visitit aurie o [[Cappadocia]], alang wi Nevşehir, Niğde an [[Kayseri]]. An aw the 3,000m volcano [[Mount Hasan]] staunds atween Aksaray an [[Niğde]]. Simmers are het an dry on the plain, but the aurie is green an covered in flouers in waretime, when watter streams aff the muntainside. The 2400&nbsp;km² salt lake, [[Lake Tuz|Tuz Gölü]], lees athin the boondaries o Aksaray, a muckle aurie o swamp wi a maximum depth o 1 metre. ==Destricts== Aksaray province is dividit intae 7 [[Destricts o Turkey|destricts]] (caipital destrict in '''bauld'''): *[[Ağaçören]] *'''[[Aksaray]]''' *[[Eskil]] *[[Gülağaç]] *[[Güzelyurt]] *[[Ortaköy, Aksaray|Ortaköy]] *[[Sarıyahşi]] ==Etymologie== In antiquity the aurie wis namit ''Archelais Garsaura'', which wis mutatit tae ''Taksara'' durin the [[Seljuk Turk]]ish era, an then tae ''Aksaray''. ==History== [[File:Turkey.Aksaray005.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Inner courtyard o the Sultanhanı [[caravanserai]]]] The plains o central [[Anatolie]] hae been settled for 8,000 year. an the aurie aroond Aksaray bears monuments tae a string o ceevilisations that hae settled on the plain in that time. The moond o [[Aşıklı Höyük]] in the toun o Kızılkaya indicates a dounset datin back tae 5,000BC (an a skull o a wumman an aw who haed apparently been trepanned, the earliest kent record o brain surgery). Later the [[Silk Road]] came throu here sae caravanserai an then muckler an muckler dounsets wur biggit tae supply an shelter travellers an traders. The ceety an surroondins o Aksaray thrivit in the [[Auncient Roum|Roman]], [[Byzantine]] an the [[Ottoman Empire|Turkis]] periods. The day Aksaray is a rural, agricultural province, its fowk releegious an conservative. Syne the 1950s mony hae muivit tae Europe as migrant wirkers. The population o Aksaray haes lang includit a heicher proportion o [[Kurd]]ish fowk than maist central Anatolie provinces. Mony o them wur resettled here frae [[Tunceli]] an ither eastren ceeties follaein the [[Sheikh Said rebellion]] in the 1920s.<ref>[http://nihalatsiz.net/forum/viewthread.php?tid=16145 TÜRK OTAĞI || Türkçüler ve Türkçülük<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20070503062859/http://nihalatsiz.net/forum/viewthread.php?tid=16145 |date=2007-05-03 }}</ref> ==Places o interest== [[File:IhlaraTal 1 11 2004.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A view frae Ihlara valley, Aksaray]] * Aşıklı Höyük - a burial moond 25&nbsp;km east o the ceety o Aksaray. * Acemhöyük - an early Bronze Age dounset, 18&nbsp;km north-wast o the ceety o Aksaray. * The auncient ceety o Nora, in the veelage o Helvadere near the ceety o Aksaray. an a great nummer o historical mosques an kirns * [[Ihlara]] valley - a canyon, 40&nbsp;km frae the ceety o Aksaray, in the destrict o Güzelyurt * [[Taşpınar, Aksaray|Taşpınar]] - famous for rugs, {{convert|27|km}} sooth o Aksaray == See an aw == *[[Leet o populatit places in Aksaray Province]] * [http://www.Aksaray.tc/ Aksaray] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123211641/http://aksaray.tc/ |date=2020-11-23 }} {{tr icon}} ==References== {{Reflist}} * [http://www.Aksaray.tc/ Site di Aksaray] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123211641/http://aksaray.tc/ |date=2020-11-23 }} {{tr icon}} == Freemit airtins == {{Commons category}} * [http://www.aksaray.gov.tr/eng/ Aksaray govrenor's offeecial wabsteid] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531181609/http://www.aksaray.gov.tr/eng/ |date=2009-05-31 }} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.aksaray.bel.tr/ Aksaray municipality's offeecial wabsteid] * [http://www.68Aksaray.info eich resolution picturs o the ceety] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806141826/http://68aksaray.info/ |date=2012-08-06 }} * [http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=AKSARAY Aksaray weather forecast information] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100413062642/http://www.dmi.gov.tr/en-US/forecast-cities.aspx?m=aksaray |date=2010-04-13 }} * {{tr icon}} [http://www.aksarayuniversitesi.com/ Aksaray University student wabsteids] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190509082204/http://www.aksarayuniversitesi.com/ |date=2019-05-09 }} {{Destricts o Turkey|provname=Aksaray|}} {{Provinces o Turkey}} [[Category:Aksaray Province|*]] nw3fo0keur43gltmx3py4kxh6jhdygz 0 45494 917408 865270 2026-05-29T09:50:48Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917408 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox Finnish Municipality |name = Finström |official_name = {{lang|sv|Finströms kommun}} |other_name = |native_name = |native_name_lang = |nickname = |settlement_type = Municipality <!-- City, Town or Municipality--> |total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows --> |motto = |image_skyline = Ålands folkhögskola, sensommaren 1990..jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Åland folk high school |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = Finström.vaakuna.svg |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = Finström sijainti Suomi.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Finström in [[Finland]] |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |pushpin_map =Finland Åland |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Åland |pushpin_mapsize = 250 |province = {{flag|Åland}} |region = Åland |subregion = Åland Countryside sub-region <!-- Smaller parts (e.g. boroughs of a city) and seat of government --> |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format) Default is list if up to 5 items, coll if more than 5--> |parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list --> |p1 = |p2 = <!-- etc. up to p10: for separate parts to be listed--> |government_footnotes = |leader_title = Municipal manager |leader_name = Katarina Sundberg |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |extinct_title = |extinct_date = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |population_metro = |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 = |population_note = |finnish_official = |swedish_official = 1 |sami_official = |urbanisation = |unemployment = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |coordinates_type = <!-- latNS=N and longEW=E set by default --> <!--{{coord|60|13|45|N|19|59|20|E|region:FI_type:city(2399)_scale:50000|display=title}} --> |coordinates = {{coord|60|14|N|019|59.5|E|display=inline,title}} |elevation_m = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = [http://www.finstrom.ax/ www.finstrom.ax] |footnotes = }} '''Finström''' is a [[municipalities o Finland|municipality]] o [[Åland]], an autonomous territory o [[Finland]]. The municipality haes a population o {{formatnum: {{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population count|{{PAGENAME}}}}}} ({{#time: j F Y|{{Infobox Finnish Municipality/population count|sourcedate}} }})<ref name="population_count" /> o which {{formatnum:{{pct|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/native language Swedish|{{PAGENAME}}}}|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/native language total|{{PAGENAME}}}}|1}}}} speak [[Swadish leid|Swadish]] an {{formatnum:{{pct|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/native language Finnish|{{PAGENAME}}}}|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/native language total|{{PAGENAME}}}}|1}}}} [[Finnish leid|Finnish]] as thair first leid.<ref name="population by language" /> The municipality covers an aurie o {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/total area|{{PAGENAME}}}}|km2}} o which {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/waters area|{{PAGENAME}}}}|km2|abbr=on}} is watter.<ref name="total_area" /> The [[population densitie]] is {{convert|{{Infobox Finnish municipality/population density|{{PAGENAME}}|round=2}}|PD/km2}}. The municipality is unilingually [[Swadish leid|Swadish]]. '''Godby''' is the seicont biggest biggit-up aurie in Åland efter [[Mariehamn]], inhabitit bi 900 fowk, or ane-thirds o the municipality's population. A pharmacy, banks, a post office, a soummin haw an a halth centre are amang the amenities that can be foond in Godby. ==History== Finström wis widely inhabitit in the [[Viking]] era. The kirk o [[St. Michael]] is ane o the auldest in Åland wi the auldest pairts datin frae the 12t century. Grelsby kungsgård wis the place whaur king [[Gustav I o Swaden|Gustavus Vasa]] stayed wi his entourage o 312 fowk for a few days in the ware o 1556. King [[Gustaf IV Adolf]] stayed thare for sax weeks in the simmer o 1808 prior tae the [[Finnish War|loss o Finland tae Roushie]] an aw. [[Image:Finstroms kyrka aland.jpg|thumb|200px|left|St. Michael's Kirk]] ==Geografie== Finström is richt in the middle o [[Fasta Åland|mainland Åland]] an is bordered bi a tot o five municipalities: [[Sund, Åland|Sund]] tae the east, [[Saltvik]] tae the northeast, [[Geta, Åland|Geta]] tae the north, [[Hammarland]] tae the wast an [[Jomala]] tae the sooth. Långsjön, the lairgest lake in Åland, is locatit in the municipality, as is the Almskogen natur reserve. Notable bays include Kasviken an Ödkarbyviken. ==Economy== Godby is bi far the centre o Finström's economy. The biggest employer in the municipality is Optinova wi 130 employees. Tourism is an important line o business an aw. Agricultural products grown especially in the northren pairts o Finström include apples an various vegetables, an fishin is a soorce o income for some. ==References== {{reflist}} ==Freemit airtins== {{commonscat-inline|Finström}} *[http://www.finstrom.ax/ Municipality o Finström] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130519125343/http://www.finstrom.ax/ |date=2013-05-19 }} – Offeecial wabsteid {{sv}} {{Municipalities o Åland}} [[Category:Municipalities o Åland]] 57wghyj5wno68jmfhk0l2crgbgf2p8m 0 46453 917422 909306 2026-05-29T11:25:26Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox ethnic group |group= German Brazilians<br><small>Germano-brasileiro {{·}} Deutschbrasilianer</small> |image= <!--If you swap out an image, change the "x##px" entry for EACH image in the row so that the width of the row lines up with the others-->[[Image:VeraFischerPorAndreaFarias (cropped).jpg|x100px]][[Image:Ernesto Geisel.jpg|x100px]][[Image:Gisele B edit.jpg|x100px]]<br>[[Image:Arthur friedenreich.jpg|x99px]][[Image:Lya Luft.jpg|x99px]][[Image:Dunga061115.jpg|x99px]]<br>[[File:Ana Hickmann (cropped).jpg|x105px]][[File:Oscarniemeyer.jpg|x105px]][[File:Eike Batista.jpg|x107px]] <br>[[Vera Fischer]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.corderovirtual.com.br/mundo/detalhe_noticiamundo.php?codigo=12721 |title=Ele (pai) era alemão, nazista, mandava eu ler Hitler e batia muito em mim |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-10-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121026063139/http://www.corderovirtual.com.br/mundo/detalhe_noticiamundo.php?codigo=12721 |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{·}}[[Ernesto Geisel]]<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/1996/09/13/world/ernesto-geisel-88-is-dead-eased-military-rule-in-brazil.html A stern figure whose father immigrated from Germany around the start of the 20th century]</ref>{{·}}[[Gisele Bündchen]]<ref>[http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,2144,2029705,00.html I belong to the sixth generation of my family in Brazil.]</ref><br>[[Arthur Friedenreich]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.e-biografias.net/especial/futebol_brasil/friedenreich.php |title=filho de um imigrante alemão com uma lavadeira negra |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2011-09-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929013612/http://www.e-biografias.net/especial/futebol_brasil/friedenreich.php |url-status=dead }}</ref>{{·}}[[Lya Luft]]<ref>[http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,7142,1437528,00.html Gaúcha de Santa Cruz do Sul e descendente de imigrantes alemães]</ref>{{·}}[[Dunga]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://capitaodunga.com.br/bardunga/bios/bios_dunga1.html |title=of Italian and German descent |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2010-11-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101120141222/http://capitaodunga.com.br/bardunga/bios/bios_dunga1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><br>[[Ana Hickmann]]{{·}}[[Oscar Niemeyer]]{{·}}[[Eike Batista]] |poptime= 15 million<br><ref>{{cite web|url=http://frankfurt.itamaraty.gov.br/pt-br/Main.xml|date= |accessdate=2015-11-26}}</ref> |popplace= [[Brazil]]: [[Centro-Sul|Central-Soothren hauf]] o the kintra, an major metropolises an agricultural frontiers in [[North Region, Brazil|Northern]] an [[Northeast Region, Brazil|Northeastern]] parts<br />Heichest nummers an percents in [[Southern Brazil]]; Law in [[São Paulo (state)|Sao Paulo]] an [[Rio de Janeiro (state)|Rio de Janeiro]] states; |langs=Predominantly [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]. Minorities speak [[Brazilian German]] dialects |rels=Predominantly [[:en:Roman Catholicism in Brazil|Catholic]], [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]], ither [[:en:Protestantism in Brazil|Protestant]]s an [[:en:Irreleegion|Irreleegious]]. |related= [[Germans]], [[White Laitin Americans]]<br />[[White Brazilian]]s in general, an ithers o [[Northren Europe|Northren]], [[Wastren Europe|Wastren]] an/or [[Central Europe]]an oreegin.}} '''German Brazilians''' (German: ''Deutschbrasilianer'', {{lang-pt|teuto-brasileiro or germano-brasileiro}}) are a [[Brazilians]] o [[Germans|ethnic German]] [[ancestry]] or oreegin. German Brazilians live in the entire kintra, awtho the owerwhelmin percentage is foond in the kintra's [[Sooth Region, Brazil|Sooth Region]], mainly in the states o [[Rio Grande do Sul]] an [[Santa Catarina (state)|Santa Catarina]], wi lesser but still significant degree in the [[Sootheast Region, Brazil|Southeast Region]]. German dialects thegither mak up the seicont maist spoken [[Leids o Brazil|first leid in Brazil]]. A few Brazilian municipalities hae [[Riograndenser Hunsrückisch|Brazilian Hunsrückisch]] an [[East Law German|Germanic Pomeranie]] as co-offeecial wi [[Portuguese leid|Portuguese]]. They are locatit in [[Sooth Region, Brazil|Soothren Brazil]] an [[Espírito Santo]]. ==The first German commonties== {| class="wikitable" |- style="background:#a9bec7;" |'''Place''' !Date !Place o oreegin o the settlers<ref>[http://www.ibge.gov.br/brasil500/alemaes/tradicoes.html As tradições e o abrasileiramento]</ref> |- |[[Nova Friburgo]] (RJ) |1819 |[[Swisserland]], [[Rhineland]], [[Saxony]], [[Bohemie]] |- |[[São Leopoldo]] (RS) |1824 |[[Hunsrück]], Saxony, [[Württemberg]], [[Saxe-Coburg]] |- |[[Santo Amaro (destrict o São Paulo)|Santo Amaro]] (SP) |1829<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://ww2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/arquivos/subprefeituras/sppa/parelheirosgrajau.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2015-08-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150807004225/http://ww2.prefeitura.sp.gov.br/arquivos/subprefeituras/sppa/parelheirosgrajau.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Hunsrück]] |- |[[Petrópolis]] (RJ) |1837<ref>{{cite web |url=http://fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br/fctp/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=33 |title=Fundação de Cultura e Turismo Petrópolis - FCTP |publisher=Fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br |date= |accessdate=2011-09-19 |archive-date=2011-08-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110816022908/http://fctp.petropolis.rj.gov.br/fctp/modules/xt_conteudo/index.php?id=33 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |[[Kastellaun]], [[Moselle (river)|Mosel]], [[Bingen am Rhein|Bingen]], [[Nassau, Germany|Nassau]], [[Ingelheim]], [[Wörrstadt]], [[Darmstadt]], Rhineland |- |[[Santa Cruz do Sul|Santa Cruz]] (RS) |1849 |Rhineland, [[Pomeranie]], [[Silesie]] |- |[[Santo Ângelo]] (RS) |1857 |Rhineland, Saxony, Pomeranie |- |[[Nova Petrópolis]] (RS) |1859 |Pomeranie, Saxony, Bohemie |- |[[Teutônia]] (RS) |1868 |[[Westphalie]] |- |[[São Lourenço do Sul]] (RS) |1857 |Pomeranie, Rhineland |- |[[Blumenau]] (SC) |1850 |Pomeranie, [[Holstein]], [[Hanover]], [[Braunschweig]], Saxony |- |[[Brusque, Santa Catarina|Brusque]] (SC) |1860 |[[Baden]], [[Oldenburg]], Rhineland, Pomeranie, [[Schleswig-Holstein]], Braunschweig |- |[[Pomerode]] (SC) |1861 |Pomeranie |- |[[Joinville]] (SC) |1851 |Pomeranie, [[Proushie]], Oldenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, Hanover, Swisserland |- ||[[Curitiba]] (PR) |1851 |[[Volga Germans]] |- ||[[Guarapuava]] (PR) |1951 |[[Swabie Germans]]; [[Swabie]] |- |[[Santa Isabel, Espírito Santo|Santa Isabel]] (ES) |1847 |Hunsrück, Pomeranie, Rhineland, Prussia, Saxony |- |[[Santa Leopoldina, Espírito Santo|Santa Leopoldina]] (ES) |1857 |Pomerania, Rhineland, Prussia, Saxony, Swisserland, [[Tyrol (state)|Tirol]], [[Schleswig-Holstein]] |- |[[Santa Maria de Jetibá]] (ES) |1857 |Pomeranie |} ===Municipalities that hae co-offeecial German leids=== ====Municipalities that hae co-offeecial Pomeranie (or ''Pommersch'') leid==== [[Image:Pomeranoespiritosanto.svg|right|250px|thumb|[[Municipality|Municipalities]] that the Pomeranie leid is co-offeecial in [[Espírito Santo]].]] =====Espírito Santo===== *[[Domingos Martins]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ce.ufes.br/educacaodocampo/down/cdrom2/pdf/texto18.pdf |title=A escolarização entre descendentes pomeranos em Domingos Martins |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221000000/http://www.ce.ufes.br/educacaodocampo/down/cdrom2/pdf/texto18.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="pomeranoses">{{Cite web |url=http://www.rog.com.br/claudiovereza2/mostraconteudos.asp?cod_conteudo=735 |title=O povo pomerano no ES |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183002/http://www.rog.com.br/claudiovereza2/mostraconteudos.asp?cod_conteudo=735 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="farese">{{Cite web |url=http://www.farese.edu.br/pages/artigos/pdf/ismael/A%20co-oficializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20L%20Pomer.pdf |title=A co-oficialização da língua pomerana |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183002/http://www.farese.edu.br/pages/artigos/pdf/ismael/A%20co-oficializa%C3%A7%C3%A3o%20da%20L%20Pomer.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Laranja da Terra]]<ref name="pomeranoses"/><ref name="farese"/> *[[Pancas]]<ref name="pomeranoses"/><ref>[http://lpniceia.wordpress.com/2008/12/27/pomerano/ Pomerano!?], acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011</ref><ref>[http://gabeira.locaweb.com.br/causas/causa.asp?id=941&idSubd=40 No Brasil, pomeranos buscam uma cultura que se perde] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120328015129/http://gabeira.locaweb.com.br/causas/causa.asp?id=941&idSubd=40 |date=2012-03-28 }}, acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011</ref> *[[Santa Maria de Jetibá]]<ref name="pomeranoses"/><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 |title=Lei dispõe sobre a cooficialização da língua pomerana no município de Santa maria de Jetibá, Estado do Espírito Santo |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095437/http://www.ipol.org.br/imprimir.php?cod=604 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Vila Pavão]]<ref name="pomeranoses"/><ref>[http://www.secult.es.gov.br/?id=/aqui_tem_cultura/artigos/materia.php&cd_matia=1371 Vila Pavão, Uma Pomerânia no norte do Espirito Santo], acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011</ref> =====Minas Gerais===== *[[Itueta]] (anerlie in the destrict o [[Vila Nietzel]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |title=Descendentes de etnia germânica vivem isolados em área rural de Minas |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2013-12-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202225437/http://www.nanademinas.com.br/exibe-cultura.php?id=928 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias&getID=5307 |title=Pomeranos em busca de recursos federais |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2011-07-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727183916/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/index.php?p=noticias |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural Resistência cultural - Imigrantes que buscaram no Brasil melhores condições de vida, ficaram isolados e sem apoio do poder público] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151120000000/http://www.guiaresplendor.com.br/noticias/resistencia-cultural |date=2015-11-20 }}, acessado em [[2 de novembro]] de 2011</ref> =====Santa Catarina===== *[[Pomerode]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.leismunicipais.com.br/twitter/222/legislacao/lei-2251-2010-pomerode-sc.html |title=Pomerode institui língua alemã como co-oficial no Município. |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-05-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120530005307/http://www.leismunicipais.com.br/twitter/222/legislacao/lei-2251-2010-pomerode-sc.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> =====Rio Grande do Sul===== *[[Canguçu]] (unner appruival)<ref>[http://wp.clicrbs.com.br/maiscangucu/2010/06/18/vereadores-propoem-ensino-da-lingua-pomerana-nas-escolas-do-municipio/ Vereadores propõem ensino da língua pomerana nas escolas do município] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327205729/http://wp.clicrbs.com.br/maiscangucu/2010/06/18/vereadores-propoem-ensino-da-lingua-pomerana-nas-escolas-do-municipio/ |date=2019-03-27 }}, acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011</ref> =====Rondônia===== *[[Espigão d'Oeste]] (unner appruival)<ref>[http://www.bibliotecadigital.unicamp.br/document/?code=vtls000101925 Ontem e hoje : percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D'Oeste-RO]</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 |title=Sessão Solene em homenagem a Comunidade Pomerana |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-12-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221183001/http://www.prefeituraespigao.com.br/noticias/sessao-solene-em-homenagem-a-comunidade-pomerana,941 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>[http://www.academicoo.com/tese-dissertacao/ontem-e-hoje-percurso-linguistico-dos-pomeranos-de-espigao-d-oeste-ro percurso linguistico dos pomeranos de Espigão D Oeste-RO] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121221194549/http://www.academicoo.com/tese-dissertacao/ontem-e-hoje-percurso-linguistico-dos-pomeranos-de-espigao-d-oeste-ro |date=2012-12-21 }}, acessado em [[2 de novembro]] de 2011</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 |title=Comunidade Pomerana realiza sua tradicional festa folclórica |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2015-02-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150206002755/http://www.espigaonews.com/viewmanchete.asp?idmanchete=2457 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ====Municipalities that hae co-offeecial leid Riograndenser Hunsrückisch leid==== =====Santa Catarina===== *[[Antônio Carlos, Santa Catarina|Antônio Carlos]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ipol.org.br/upload/Image/lei1.jpg |title=Cooficialização da língua alemã em Antônio Carlos |access-date=2013-02-19 |archive-date=2012-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402095443/http://www.ipol.org.br/upload/Image/lei1.jpg |url-status=dead }}</ref> *[[Treze Tílias]] (leid teachin is compulsory in schuils, staundin on stage in public offeecial o the municipality)<ref>[http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:JN3g5dpwFg0J:www.tropicalfm99.com.br/noticia.php%3Fnoticia%3D000714+treze+tilias+lingua+alema&cd=13&hl=pt-PT&ct=clnk VEREADORES DE TREZE TÍLIAS SE REUNIRAM ONTEM]</ref><ref>[http://guiaroberto.vilabol.uol.com.br/trezet.htm TREZE TÍLIAS]{{Dead link|date=June 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>[http://guarios.com.br/guanews/roteiros.php?id=5 Um pedaço da Aústria no Brasil] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080513103303/http://www.guarios.com.br/guanews/roteiros.php?id=5 |date=2008-05-13 }}, Treze Tílias</ref> =====Rio Grande do Sul===== *[[Santa Maria do Herval]] (unner appruival)<ref>[http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/notice_print.php?id=5643 Dialetos Hunsrik e Talian na ofensiva no Sul] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120402084650/http://www.brasilalemanha.com.br/portal/notice_print.php?id=5643 |date=2012-04-02 }} - ''Em Santa Maria do Herval, regiăo de Novo Hamburgo, RS, surge forte a mobilizaçăo em favor do Hunsrik - a faceta brasileira/latino-americana do Hunsrückisch. Em Serafina Correa, RS, floresce o talian'' - acessado em [[21 de agosto]] de 2011</ref> ==References== {{reflist|colwidth=30em}} ==Freemit airtins== *[http://www.histat.gesis.org/ German Oversee Migration in the Online-Databank HISTAT] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040901002136/http://www.histat.gesis.org/ |date=2004-09-01 }} (toll-free, registration necessary, in German) {{Brazil topics}} [[Category:German Brazilian| ]] [[Category:German diaspora|Brazil]] [[Category:European Brazilian]] o5a2lcwbh76xiaeb14xftj0g1tz72z9 0 51269 917424 916559 2026-05-29T11:55:30Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917424 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox musical artist |name = Googoosh |birth_name = Faegheh Atashin |origin = [[Tehran]], [[Iran]] |background = solo_singer |image = Googooshcrop.jpg |alt = Googoosh durin a concert in [[Canadae]] |birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1950|5|5}} |genre = [[Persie pop muisic|Persie pop]] |occupation = Sangster, [[Actor|actress]] |years_active = 1953–1979, 2000–present |label = [[Avang Music|Avang]], [http://www.caltexrecords.com/Scripts/default.asp Caltex], [http://www.mzmrecords.com/ MZM], [http://www.parsvideo.com/ Pars Video], [http://www.taranehrecords.com/ Taraneh] |website = {{URL|googoosh.com}} }} '''Faegheh Atashin''' ({{Lang-fa|فائقه آتشین}}, {{lang-az|Faiqə Atəşin}}, born on 5 Mey 1950 in [[Tehran]]) kent bi her stage name '''Googoosh''' ({{Lang-fa|گوگوش}}, {{lang-az|Ququş}}) an aw is an [[Iran]]ian [[sangster]] an [[actress]]. She is kent for her contreibutions tae [[Persie pop muisic]], but starred in a variety o movies frae the 1950s tae the 1970s an aw.<ref>[http://www.googoosh.com/aboutgoogoosh.htm Googoosh website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071231181358/http://www.googoosh.com/aboutgoogoosh.htm |date=2007-12-31 }}; Retrieved on 22 December 2007</ref> She achievit the pinnacle o her fame an success towards the end o the 1970s. Her oweraw impact an contreibutions tae Middle Eastren an [[Central Asie]] pop-muisic earned her the title o the maist iconic female pop-sangster frae those regions.<ref>[http://azer.com/aiweb/categories/magazine/83_folder/83_articles/83_news_googoosh.html Googoosh Returns] Azerbaijan International; Retrieved on 22 December 2007</ref> Due tae her great talents an oweraw endearment tae her fowk, she is a seembol o naitional pride tae the [[Persie fowk|Iranian fowk]]. Efter the [[Iranian Revolution]] in 1979, she is famously kent for remainin in Iran till 2000 an no performin again due tae the ban on female sangsters. Still, her follaein grew. Younger fowk hae rediscovered her muisic via bootleg recordins.<ref name=CNN>{{cite news| first=Joanne| last=Suh| title=Iran's pop diva Googoosh returns to the world stage after two decades| url=http://edition.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/10/09/wb.googoosh/| publisher=[[CNN]]| date=9 October 2000| accessdate=10 April 2007| archive-date=2008-04-12| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080412032704/http://edition.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Music/10/09/wb.googoosh/| url-status=dead}}</ref> Ootside o Iran, she haes a significant follaein in mony Middle Eastren an [[Central Asie]] kintras, an haes even caucht the attention o wastren media an press.<ref>{{cite news|first=Sadeq|last=Saba | title=Iran's pop diva to sing again |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/796962.stm| publisher=[[BBC]]| date=19 June 2000|accessdate =11 April 2007 }}</ref> ==Awards== * '''1971''': first prize an [[gowden record]] at the [[Midem]] [[trade fair]] in [[Cannes]] for her 7" record (as "Gougoush") featurin twa sangs in French: "''Retour de la Ville''" <!-- NOT "retour de la vie" as found on many sites --> (A-side) an "''J'entends Crier Je T'aime''" (B-side).<ref>http://www.encyclopedisque.fr/disque/22945.html</ref><ref name= googooshAwards>{{cite web | title=Googoosh.TV – Googoosh Awards | url=http://www.googoosh.tv/music-awards.html | access-date=2013-05-19 | archive-date=2007-07-12 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712152057/http://www.googoosh.tv/music-awards.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> * '''1972''': First prize at the Carthage Music Festival * '''1972''': First medal o airts o Tunisie<ref name= googooshAwards/> * '''1973''': The best actress for ''Bita'' in Iranian ''Sepas'' film festival.<ref name= googooshAwards/> * '''1973''': The best airtist o the year at San Remo Music Festival.<ref>{{cite web| last =Bahmani | first = Behrouz | title = A Treasure Hunter's Effort Pay Off! | publisher =Iranian.com | date =11 February 2003 | url =http://www.iranian.com/Music/2003/February/Sanremo/index.html | accessdate =24 April 2007 }}</ref> ==Personal life== She haed ane brither who, at the age o 24, wis struck bi hert rheumatism an dee'd. She haes three hauf-brithers on her faither's side an a brither an sister on her mither's side. Googoosh's first husband wis Mahmoud Ghorbani. He wis a muisic promoter who haed helpit Googoosh mak a name for hersel throuoot the '60s. Thay marriet in Februar 1967.<ref name="official_bio">{{cite web|url=http://googoosh.com/?page_id=36|title=Googoosh's official personal biography at Googoosh.com|accessdate=28 February 2011|archive-date=2012-04-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120425155503/http://googoosh.com/?page_id=36|url-status=dead}}</ref> Thay haed a son, Kambiz,<ref name="official_bio" /> who currently lives in Los Angeles an who is in the muisic industrie an aw. Efter aboot sax years o marriage, Ghorbani an Googoosh divorcit in late 1972.<ref name="official_bio" /> In 1975, Googoosh marriet Iranian actor [[Behrouz Vossoughi]].<ref name="official_bio" /> Thay divorcit fowerteen months later, in 1976. Durin thair brief marriage thay wur considered tae be the kintra's biggest celebrity pouer couple. Durin the late 1970s, Googoosh became involvit wi Homayoun Mestaghi, but efter the Islamic Revolution in 1979, Googoosh servit a three-month jyle sentence acause she wis livin wi him ootside o marriage, which wis illegal unner the Islamic regime. Several years later, Googoosh divorcit Mestaghi. She then marriet director [[Masoud Kimiai]] in 1991.<ref name="official_bio" /> Thay divorcit<ref name="official_bio" /> in 2003.<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0453953/bio Biography for Masud Kimiai – 23 June 2010<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Googoosh is rumored tae reside in a fower-bedroom, fower-bath hame in [[Beverly Crest]], which she bocht for $1.37 million frae Jack M. Snyder an Stephanie E. Snyder on 13 Aprile 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://losangeles.blockshopper.com/news/story/2400127190-Iranian_singer_actress_gets_1_37M_4BD_in_Beverly_Crest |publisher=Jay Brownstown |accessdate=13 April 2011 |title=Iranian singer, actress gets $1.37M 4BD in Beverly Crest |archive-date=2011-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110529122108/http://losangeles.blockshopper.com/news/story/2400127190-Iranian_singer_actress_gets_1_37M_4BD_in_Beverly_Crest |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Filmografie== {| class=wikitable |- ! Year !! Persie Title<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138205180108 |title=The Iranian Movie Database |access-date=2013-05-19 |archive-date=2007-04-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418115546/http://www.sourehcinema.com/People/People.aspx?Id=138205180108 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ! Inglis Title |- |rowspan=2|1960 |''Fereşte-ye färari'' (فرشتۀ فراری) |''Runaway Angel'' |- |''Bim vä omid'' / ''Bim o omid'' (بیم و امید) |''Fear and Hope'' |- |1963 |''Pärtgah-e mäxuf'' (پرتگاه مخوف) |''The Cliff of Fear'' |- |1965 |''Şeytun-e bäla'' (شیطون بلا) |''The Naughty One'' |- Googoosh an aa acted in mony telly shows an grund-breaking commercials. |rowspan=3|1966 |''Gedayan-e Tehran'' (گدايان تهران) |''The Beggars of Tehran'' |- |''Fil vä fencan'' / ''Fil o fencan'' (فيل و فنجان) |''Big and Small'' |- |''Hoseyn-e Kord'' (حسين كرد) |''Hoseyn-e Kord'' |- |rowspan=4|1967 |''Çähar xahär'' (چهار خواهر) |''Four Sisters'' (wi [[Leila Forouhar]]) |- |''Därvazeh-e täqdir'' (دروازه تقدير) |''The Gate of Fate'' |- |''Gänc o ränc'' (گنج و رنج) |''Treasure and Toil'' |- |''Där costocu-ye täbähkaran'' (در جستجوی تبهكاران) |''On the Search for Criminals'' |- |rowspan=3|1968 |''Se divane'' (سه ‌دیوانه) |''The Three Morons'' |- |''Şäb-e fereştegan'' (شب فرشتگان) |''The Night of Angels'' |- |''Setare-ye häft aseman'' (ستاره هفت آسـمان) |''The Star of Seven Skies'' |- |1969 |''Gonah-e zibayi'' (گناه زيبايی) |''The Sin of Beauty'' |- |rowspan=3|1970 |''Tolu'' (طلوع) |''Sunrise'' |- |''Cäncal-e ärusi'' (جنجال عروسی) |''The Wedding Brawl'' |- |''Päncere'' (پنجره) |''The Window'' |- |rowspan=3|1971 |''Ehsas-e daq'' (احساس داغ) |''Hot Feeling'' |- |''Asemun-e bi setare'' (آسـمون بی ستاره) |''Starless Sky'' |- |''Qesas'' (قصاص) |''Retaliation'' |- |1972 |''Bita'' (بیتا) |''Bita'' |- |1973 |''Xiyalat-i'' (خیالاتی) |''Imaginings'' |- |rowspan=4|1975 |''Hämsäfär'' (هـمسفر) |''Travelling Mate'' |- |''Nazänin'' (نازنین) |''Nazänin'' |- |''Mämäl-e Amrikayi'' (مـَمَل آمریکایی) |''American Mammal'' |- |''Şäb-e qäriban'' (شب غریبان) |''Nostalgic Night'' |- |1976 |''Mah-e äsäl'' (ماه عسل) |''Honeymoon'' |- |1977 |''Där emtedad-e şäb'' (در امتداد شب) |''Along the Night'' |- |1979 |''Emşäb äşki mirizäd'' (امشب اشکی می ریزد) |''Tonight Someone Cries'' |} Googoosh actit in twa ither movies: ''Märd-e keraye-i'' (مرد کرایه ای) an ''Haci Feyruz'' (حاجی فیروز), but the production o each o thir films wis suspendit durin the feenal stages for unkent raisons. Googoosh haes actit in mony telly shows an grund-breakin commercials in Iran. ==References== {{Reflist|30em}} ==Freemit airtins== {{Commons category}} * [http://www.googoosh.com/ Offeecial wabsteid] * {{Allmusic |class= artist|id= p39110|tab= |label= Googoosh|first= |last= |accessdate=19 April 2012}} * {{IMDb name|id=0329598|name=Googoosh}} * [http://www.iranchamber.com/music/googoosh/googoosh.php Iran Chamber] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130518084325/http://www.iranchamber.com/music/googoosh/googoosh.php |date=2013-05-18 }} * [http://lachini.com/artist/googoosh Sheet Muisic o Googoosh Songs] * [http://www.naziran.com/MusicVideo.aspx?ListID=272F57D9C9CB69A4&ListTitle=Googoosh Playlist o Video Muisics o Googoosh] {{DEFAULTSORT:Googoosh}} [[Category:1950 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Iranian female sangsters]] [[Category:Iranian pop sangsters]] [[Category:Iranian Shia Muslims]] [[Category:Fowk frae Tehran]] 2zdxedg7m8oyjkck5si5j7ayp3k980e 0 78813 917331 905863 2026-05-28T16:42:13Z ~2026-31847-34 132008 917331 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= Boeing 747 |image= Ba b747-400 g-bnle arp.jpg <!-- In flight images are preferable for the Infobox of aircraft. Discuss changes on the Talk page, thanks. --> |caption= [[British Airways]] [[Boeing 747-400]] during takeoff |alt= A British Airways 747-400 in white, blue and red livery during takeoff with its landing gear retracting. }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[Wide-body aircraft|Wide-body]], lang-range [[jet airliner]] |national origin= United States |manufacturer= [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] |designer= <!--only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders--> |first flight= 9 February 1969<ref name=ucfc747/> |introduced=22 Januar 1970 wi [[Pan American World Airways]]<ref name=Time_Jumbo-Gremlins>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878184,00.html "Jumbo and the Gremlins."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127015913/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878184,00.html |date=2008-01-27 }} ''TIME'', February 2, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> |status= In service | primary user = [[British Airways]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user--> | more users = [[Lufthansa]] <br />[[Korean Air]] <br />[[Atlas Air]] <!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br>.--> |produced= 1968–present | number built = 1,548 {{as of|December 2018|lc=on|df=us}}<ref name=747_O_D_summ/> |unit cost= 747-100: US$24&nbsp;million (1967) <br />747-200: US$39&nbsp;million (1976) <br />747-300: US$83&nbsp;million (1982) <br />747-400: US$228–260&nbsp;million (2007)<br />747-8I: US$351.4&nbsp;million<ref name=prices>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/prices/ "Boeing Commercial Airplanes prices."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: August 8, 2012.</ref><br />747-8F: US$352&nbsp;million |variants with their own articles= [[Boeing 747SP]] <br />[[Boeing 747-400]] <br />[[Boeing 747-8]] <br />[[Boeing VC-25]] <br />[[Boeing E-4]] |developed into= [[Boeing YAL-1]] <br />[[Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter]] }} |} The '''Boeing 747''' is an American [[wide-bouk aircraft|wide-body]] commercial [[jet airliner]] and [[cargae aircraft|cargo aircraft]], often referred to by its original nickname, "Jumbo Jet". Its distinctive "hump" upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft has made it one of the most recognisable aircraft,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/747-worlds-airliner-180951414/?all&no-ist |title=747: The World's Airliner |work=Air & Space Magazine |last=Negroni |first=Christine |date=July 2014 |accessdate=January 2, 2015}}</ref> and it was the first wide-body airplane produced. Manufactured by [[Boeing]]'s [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes|Commercial Airplane]] unit in the Unitit States, the 747 was originally envisioned to have 150 percent greater capacity than the [[Boeing 707]],<ref>Branson, Richard. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html "Pilot of the Jet Age."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122601/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''Time'', December 7, 1998. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> a common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s. First flown commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7061164.stm "A380 superjumbo lands in Sydney."] ''BBC,'' October 25, 2007. Retrieved: August 3, 2010. Quote: "The superjumbo's advent ends a reign of nearly four decades by the Boeing 747 as the world's biggest airliner."</ref> The fower-ingine 747 uises a [[dooble-deck aircraft|dooble-deck]] confeeguration for pairt o its lenth an is available in passenger, frauchter an ither versions. Boeing designed the 747's hump-lik upper deck tae serve as a first–cless loonge or extra seatin, an tae allou the aircraft tae be easily convertit tae a cargae cairier bi remuivin seats an instawin a front cargae door. Boeing expectit [[Supersonic transport|supersonic airliners]]—the development o that wis annoonced in the early 1960s—tae render the 747 an ither [[subsonic airliner]]s obsolete, while the demand for subsonic cargae aircraft wad remeen robust weel intae the futur.<ref>Orlebar 2002, p. 50.</ref> Tho the 747 wis expectit tae acome obsolete efter 400 war sauld,<ref>Haenggi 2003, pp. 14–15.</ref> it exceedit creetics' expectations wi production surpassin 1,000 in 1993.<ref name=Sutter_p259>Sutter 2006, p. 259.</ref> Bi Januar 2018, 1,543 aircraft haed been biggit, wi 11 o the 747-8 variants remeenin on order.<ref name="747_O_D_summ">[http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=747&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=747&ViewReportF=View+Report "747 Model Orders and Deliveries data."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928195003/http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=747&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=747&ViewReportF=View+Report |date=2018-09-28 }} ''The Boeing Company'', November 2017. Retrieved: January 1, 2018.</ref> {{As of|2017|01}}, the 747 haes been involved in 60 [[huil loss]]es, resultin in {{formatnum:{{#expr:2865+857}}}} fatalities.<ref name=ASNstats>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=104 |title= Boeing 747 Statistics |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |access-date= 2018-04-22 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824013435/http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=104 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The [[Boeing 747-400|747-400]], the maist common variant in service, haes a heich-subsonic [[cruise speed]] o [[Mach nummer|Mach]] 0.85–0.855 (up tae {{convert|570|mph|abbr=on|disp=or}}) wi an intercontinental range o 7,260&nbsp;[[nautical mile]] (8,350&nbsp;[[Mile#Statute mile|statute mile]] or 13,450&nbsp;[[kilometre|km]]).<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_400_prod.html "Technical Characteristics&nbsp;– Boeing 747-400"], ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: April 29, 2006.</ref> The 747-400 can accommodate 416 passengers in a teepical [[Traivel cless|three-cless layoot]], 524 passengers in a teepical twa-cless layoot, or 660 passengers in a heich-density ae-cless confeeguration.<ref name="747sp">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120522123248/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/misc/A20WE-Rev-45.pdf "747."] ''The Boeing Company.'' Retrieved: Januar 9, 2012.</ref> The newest version o the aircraft, the [[Boeing 747-8|747-8]], is in production an received certification in 2011. Deliveries o the 747-8F frauchter version begoud in October 2011; deliveries o the 747-8I passenger version begoud in Mey 2012. ==Development== ===Backgrund=== In 1963, the [[Unitit States Air Force]] stairtit a series o study projects on a verra lairge strategic transport aircraft. Awtho the [[C-141 Starlifter]] wis bein introduced, thay believed that a muckle lairger an mair capable aircraft wis needit, especially the capability tae cairy outsized cargae that wad nae fit in ony existin aircraft. Thir studies led tae ineetial requirements for the CX-Heavy Logistics seestem (CX-HLS) in Mairch 1964 for an aircraft wi a laid capacity o {{convert|180000|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} an a speed o Mach 0.75 ({{convert|500|mph|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on|disp=or}}), an an unrefueled range o {{convert|5000|nmi|km|sigfig=2}} wi a peylaid o {{convert|115000|lb|kg|sigfig=3}}. The peylaid bay haed tae be {{convert|17|ft|m|sigfig=3}} wide bi {{convert|13.5|ft|m|sigfig=3}} heich an {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=2}} lang wi access throu duirs at the front an rear.<ref name="Norton_C-5">Norton 2003, pp. 5–12.</ref> ===Production=== The 747 wis conceived while air traivel wis increasin in the 1960s.<ref name=Norris_Wagner_p13>Norris and Wagner 1997, p. 13.</ref> The era o commercial jet transportation, led bi the enormous popularity o the [[Boeing 707]] an [[Douglas DC-8]], haed revolutionised lang-distance traivel.<ref name=Norris_Wagner_p13/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery/images/commercial/707-03.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111124513/http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery/images/commercial/707-03.html |archivedate=January 11, 2012 |title=Boeing Multimedia Image Gallery 707|publisher=The Boeing Company |dead-url=yes |accessdate=December 8, 2007}}</ref> Even afore it lost the CX-HLS contract, Boeing wis asked bi [[Juan Trippe]], preses o [[Pan American World Airways]] (Pan Am), ane o thair maist important airline customers, tae big a passenger aircraft mair nor twice the size o the 707. In this time, airport congestion, waurened bi increasin nummers o passengers cairied on relatively smaw aircraft, becam a problem that Trippe thocht coud be addressed bi a lairger new aircraft.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/jtrippe.html "Innovators: Juan Trippe."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227150315/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/jtrippe.html |date=2013-12-27 }} ''PBS''. Retrieved: December 17, 2007.</ref> In 1965, [[Joe Sutter]] wis transferred frae Boeing's [[Boeing 737|737]] development team tae manage the design studies for the new airliner, awready assigned the model nummer 747.<ref name="Sutter_p80-4">Sutter 2006, pp. 80–84.</ref> Sutter ineetiatit a design study wi Pan Am an ither airlines, tae better unnerstaund thair requirements. At the time, it wis widely thocht that the 747 wad eventually be supersedit bi [[supersonic transport]] aircraft.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/852087.stm "Air travel, a supersonic future?."] ''BBC News'', July 17, 2001. Retrieved: December 9, 2007.</ref> Boeing respondit bi designin the 747 sae that it coud be adaptit easily tae cairy fraucht an remeen in production even if sales o the passenger version declined. In the frauchter role, the clear need wis tae support the [[Conteenerisation|conteenerised shippin]] methodologies that war bein widely introduced at aboot the same time. Staundart shippin conteeners are {{convert|8|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} squerr at the front (slichtly heicher due tae attachment pynts) an available in {{convert|20|and|40|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} lenths. This meant that it wad be possible tae support a 2-wide 2-heich stack o conteeners twa or three ranks deep wi a fuselage size seemilar tae the earlier CX-HLS project. [[File:Iran Air Boeing 747-200 cockpit Sharifi.jpg|thumb|An [[Iran Air]] 747-200, shawin the early-production 747 cockpit, locatit on the upper deck |alt= A view o an early-production 747 cockpit]] In Apryle 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 747-100 aircraft for US$525&nbsp;million. In the ceremonial 747 contract-signin banquet in Seattle on Boeing's 50t Anniversary, Juan Trippe predictit that the 747 wad be "... a great weapon for peace, competing with [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|intercontinental missiles]] for mankind's destiny".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rfpsBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31|title=The Airbus A380: A History|last=Simons|first=Graham|year=2014|page=31|isbn=9781783030415}}</ref> As launch customer,<ref name=ucfc747>Rumerman, Judy. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121007143215/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Boeing_747/Aero21.htm "The Boeing 747."] ''U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission,'' 2003. Retrieved: April 30, 2006.</ref><ref name="infoplease">Noland, David. [http://www.infoplease.com/spot/boeing747.html "Passenger Planes: Boeing 747."] "Info please." (''[[Pearson Education]]''). Retrieved: April 30, 2006.</ref> an acause o its early involvement afore placin a formal order, Pan Am wis able tae influence the design an development o the 747 tae an extent unmatched bi a single airline afore or syne.<ref name=Irving_p359>Irving 1994, p. 359.</ref> ===Entry intae service=== On 15 Januar 1970, [[First Leddy o the United States]] [[Pat Nixon]] christened Pan Am's first 747, at [[Washington Dulles Internaitional Airport|Dulles Internaitional Airport]] (later Washington Dulles Internaitional Airport) in the presence o Pan Am chairman [[Najeeb Halaby]]. The 747 enjoyed a fairly smuith introduction intae service, owercomin concerns that some airports wad nae be able tae accommodate an aircraft that lairge.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899789,00.html "Breaking the Ground Barrier."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122523/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899789,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''TIME'', September 8, 1967. Retrieved: December 19, 2007.</ref> Awtho technical problems occurred, thay war relatively minor an quickly solved.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909472,00.html "Jumbo Beats the Gremlins."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008023207/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909472,00.html |date=2016-10-08 }} ''TIME'', July 13, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> Efter the aircraft's introduction wi Pan Am, ither airlines that haed bocht the 747 tae stay competitive begoud tae put thair awn 747s intae service.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878679-1,00.html "Ready or Not, Here Comes Jumbo."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008021608/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878679-1,00.html |date=2016-10-08 }} ''TIME'', January 19, 1970. Retrieved: December 19, 2007.</ref> Boeing estimatit that hauf o the early 747 sales war tae airlines desirin the aircraft's lang range raither nor its peylaid capacity.<ref>Smith, Bruce A. "Boeing Shuns Very Large Jets While Aiming for Longer Range." ''Aviation Week and Space Technology'', January 1, 2001, pp. 28–29.</ref><ref>[http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Buescher.pdf 747X vs A380 "How to Reduce Congestion (PDF)."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216064540/http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Buescher.pdf |date=February 16, 2008 }} ''Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering'', Virginia Tech. Retrieved: December 10, 2007.</ref> While the 747 haed the lawest potential operatin cost per seat, this coud anerly be achieved whan the aircraft wis fully laidit; costs per seat increased rapidly as occupancy declined. A moderately laidit 747, ane wi anly 70 percent o its seats occupied, uised mair nor 95 percent o the fuel needit bi a fully occupied 747.<ref>[http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/2003/87-7972-489-2/html/kap09_eng.htm "Airline reporting on fuel consumption."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220020946/http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mst.dk%2Fudgiv%2FPublications%2F2003%2F87-7972-489-2%2Fhtml%2Fkap09_eng.htm |date=December 20, 2007 }} ''Miljominsteriet (Danish Environmental Protection Agency)''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> Nanetheless, mony banner-carriers purchased the 747 due tae its prestige "even if it made na sense economically" tae operate. In the 1970s an 1980s, thare wis eften ower 30 regularly scheduled 747s at [[John F. Kennedy Internaitional Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/boeing-747-deathwatch-how-boeings-new-777x-will-kill-its-jumbo-jet-predecessor-once-queen-skies|title=Boeing 747 On Deathwatch: How Boeing's New 777X Will Kill Its Jumbo Jet Predecessor, Once The Queen Of The Skies|date=May 4, 2013|publisher=}}</ref> The [[recession o 1969-1970]] greatly affectit Boeing. For the year an a hauf efter September 1970 it anerly sauld twa 747s in the warld, an did nae sell ony tae an American carrier for awmaist three years.<ref name="heppenheimer1998">{{cite book |title=The Space Shuttle Decision |publisher=NASA |author=Heppenheimer, T. A. |year=1998 |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/contents.htm | pages=302=303}}</ref> Whan economic problems in the US an ither kintras efter the [[1973 ile creesis]] led tae reduced passenger traffeck, several airlines foond thay did nae hae eneuch passengers tae flee the 747 economically, an thay replaced them wi the smawer an recently introduced [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] an [[Lockheed L-1011|Lockheed L-1011 TriStar]] [[trijet]] wide bouks<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876705,00.html "Planes for Rough Weather."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122847/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876705,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''TIME'', August 3, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> (an later the [[Boeing 767|767]] an [[Airbus A300|A300]]/[[Airbus A310|A310]] [[twinjet]]s). Haein tried replacin coach seats on its 747s wi pianae baurs in an attempt tae attract mair customers, American Airlines eventually relegatit its 747s tae cargo service an in 1983 exchynged them wi Pan Am for smawer aircraft;<ref>[https://archive.today/20120526202629/http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/history.jsp "American Airlines History."] ''American Airlines''. Retrieved: June 3, 2011.</ref> [[Delta Air Lines]] an aw remuived its 747s frae service efter several years.<ref>Davies 1990, p. 96.</ref> Later, Delta acquired 747s again in 2008 as pairt o its merger wi [[Northwest Airlines]], awtho it reteert the 747-400 fleet in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.delta.com/final-747-flight-now-scheduled-monday|title=Final 747 flight now scheduled for Monday|website=Delta News Hub|language=en|access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> [[File:UpperdeckcabinDLB744.jpg|thumb|Later 747 models featurt a stretched upper deck.]] Internaitional flichts bipassin tradeetional hub airports an laundin at smawer ceeties becam mair common ootthrou the 1980s, sicweys erodin the 747's oreeginal mercat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040211224743/http://www.boeing.com/news/speeches/2003/piasecki_030324.html "Turning Today's Challenges into Opportunities for Tomorrow."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 10, 2007.</ref> Mony internaitional cairiers conteena'd tae uise the 747 on [[Paceefic Ocean|Paceefic]] routes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Aboulafia |first=Richard |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/2004sb05.xml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112160220/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news%2F2004sb05.xml |archivedate=January 12, 2012 |title=Commercial Transport Market Still in Rough Shape |date=March 1, 2004 |work=Aviation Week and Space Technology |dead-url=yes |accessdate=December 10, 2007 |df= }}</ref> In Japan, 747s on domestic routes war confeegurt tae cairy nearly the maximum passenger capacity.<ref>Wallace, James. [http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/A380-buyer-keeps-mum-about-possible-luxuries-1164814.php "A380 buyer keeps mum about possible luxuries aboard cruise ship of the skies."] ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', January 24, 2005. Retrieved: June 3, 2011.</ref> ==Design== [[File:Boeing 747 cutaway.png|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Boeing 747-200 cutawey]] The Boeing 747 is a lairge, wide-bouk (twa-aisle) airliner wi fower weeng-mounted engines. Its weengs hae a heich [[swept weeng|sweep]] angle o 37.5 degrees for a fest, efficient cruise<ref name=Sutter_p93>Sutter 2006, p. 93.</ref> o Mach&nbsp;0.84 tae 0.88, dependin on the variant. The sweep an aw reduces the weengspan, allouin the 747 tae uise existin [[hangar]]s.<ref name=ucfc747/><ref>Bowers 1989, p. 508.</ref> Its seatin capacity is ower 366 wi a 3–4–3 seat arrangement (a cross section o 3 seats, an aisle, 4 seats, anither aisle, an 3 seats) in economy cless an a 2–3–2 layout in first cless on the main deck. The upper deck haes a 3–3 seat arrangement in economy cless an a 2–2 layoot in first cless.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 19, 2006 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619025715/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |archivedate=June 19, 2006 |df=mdy }} ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 19, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619025715/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |archivedate=June 19, 2006 |df=mdy }}</ref> [[File:Boeing 747-409F Prague airport 2015 3.jpg|left|thumb|[[China Airlines]] 747-400F wi the neb cargae duir appen]] Raised abuin the main deck, the cockpit creauts a hump. This raised cockpit allous front laidin o cargo on fraucht variants.<ref name=Sutter_p93/> The upper deck ahint the cockpit provides space for a lounge an/or extra seatin. The "stretched upper deck" becam available as an alternative on the 747-100B variant an later as staundart beginnin on the 747-300. The upper deck wis stretched mair on the 747-8. The 747 cockpit ruif section an aw haes an escape hatch frae that crew can exit in the events o an emergency if thay canna dae sae throu the cabin. The 747's maximum takaff wecht ranges frae 333,400&nbsp;kg (735,000&nbsp;poonds) for the 439,985&nbsp;kg (-100 tae 970,000&nbsp;lb) for the -8. Its range haes increased frae 5,300&nbsp;nautical miles (6,100&nbsp;mi, 9,800&nbsp;km) on the -100 tae 8,000&nbsp;nmi (9,200&nbsp;mi, 14,815&nbsp;km) on the -8I.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071210173616/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_classics.html "Boeing 747-100/200/300 Technical Specifications."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/747-8_fact_sheet.html "Boeing 747-8 Technical Specifications."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> The 747 haes redundant structurs alang wi fower redundant hydraulic seestems an fower main laundin gears ilk wi fower wheels; thir provide a guid spreid o support on the grund an safety in case o tyre blaw-oots. The main gear are redundant sae that laundin can be performed on twa opponin laundin gears if the ithers are nae functionin properly.<ref name="Sutter_p128-31">Sutter 2006, pp.&nbsp;128–131.</ref> The 747 an aw haes split control surfaces an wis designed wi sophisticatit treeple-slottit [[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]] that minimise laundin speeds an allou the 747 tae uise staundart-lenth runweys.<ref name="Sutter_p121-2">Sutter 2006, pp. 121–122.</ref> For transportation o spare ingines, the 747 can accommodate a non-functionin fift-pod ingine unner the aircraft's port weeng atween the inner functionin ingine an the fuselage.<ref>[http://www.airdisaster.com/special/special-ai182.shtml "Special Report:Air India Flight 182."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007035356/http://www.airdisaster.com/special/special-ai182.shtml |date=October 7, 2009 }} ''airdisaster.com''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/Jdb-txt/SC/05/03/2005BCSC0350.htm "Her Majesty the Queen Against Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajaib Singh Bagri."] ''Supreme Court of British Columbia''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> This fift ingine munt pynt is an aw uised bi [[Virgin Orbit]]'s [[LauncherOne]] programme.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virgin Orbit performs LauncherOne aircraft flight tests - SpaceNews.com |url=https://spacenews.com/virgin-orbit-performs-launcherone-aircraft-flight-tests/ |accessdate=22 November 2018 |work=SpaceNews.com |date=28 August 2018}}</ref> Virgin Orbit's 747-400, dubbed Cosmic Girl, cairies the orbital-cless racket tae cruise altitude, whaur the racket is deployed an then cairies its smaw satellite peylaid the rest o the wey tae space.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=Cosmic Girl takes LauncherOne on its first captive carry flight test – NASASpaceFlight.com |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/11/cosmic-girl-launcherone-first-captive-carry-test/ |accessdate=22 November 2018 |work=NASASpaceflight.com}}</ref> ==Accidents an incidents== The 747 haes been involved in 146 [[aviation accidents an incidents]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=104 |title= Boeing 747 occurrences |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |date= August 30, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824020547/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=104 |url-status= dead }}</ref> includin 61 accidents an [[huil loss]]es<ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=104%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1 |title= Boeing 747 hull-loss occurrences |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |date= August 29, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824020018/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=104%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1 |url-status= dead }}</ref> that resultit in {{#expr:2865+857}} fatalities.<ref name=ASNstats/> The last crash wis [[Turkish Airlines Flicht 6491]] in Januar 2017. Thare war an aw 24 daiths in 32 [[aircraft hijackin]]s,<ref name=ASNstats/> sic as [[Pan Am Flight 73]] whaur a Boeing 747-121 wis hijacked bi fower terrorists an resultit in 20 daiths.<ref name=ASN_Pan_Am>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19860905-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-121 N656PA Karachi-Quaid-E-Azam International Airport |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date= August 30, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017}}</ref> Few crashes hae been attributit tae design flaws o the 747. The [[Tenerife airport disaster]] resultit frae pilot error an communications failyie, while the [[Japan Airlines Flight 123]] an [[China Airlines Flight 611]] crashes stemmed frae improper aircraft repair. [[United Airlines Flight 811]], that suffered an [[uncontrolled decompression|explosive decompression]] mid-flicht on 24 Februar 1989, led the [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB) tae issue a recommendation that 747-200 cargo duirs seemilar tae thae on the Flicht 811 aircraft be modifee'd. [[Korean Air Lines Flicht 007]] wis shot doun bi a Soviet fechter aircraft in 1983 efter it haed strayed intae Soviet territory, causin U.S. Preses Ronald Reagan tae authorise the then-strictly militar [[global poseetionin seestem]] (GPS) for ceevilian uise.<ref name=KAL007>[http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2006/02/20060203125928lcnirellep0.5061609.html#axzz3z8AmijAm "United States Updates Global Positioning System Technology."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009161500/http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2006/02/20060203125928lcnirellep0.5061609.html#axzz3z8AmijAm |date=2013-10-09 }} ''america.gov,'' February 3, 2006. Retrieved: January 9, 2012.</ref> Accidents due tae design deficiencies includit [[TWA Flight 800]], whaur a 747-100 explodit in mid-air on 17 Julie 1996, probably due tae sparkin electricity weirs inside the fuel tank;<ref name=TWA_800_final>{{cite journal|title=Aircraft Accident Report: In-flight Breakup Over the Atlantic Ocean Trans World Airlines Flight 800 |journal=Ntsb/aar-00/03 |url=http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2000/AAR0003.pdf |format=PDF |date=August 23, 2000 |pages= |accessdate=June 24, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615201201/http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2000/AAR0003.pdf |archivedate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref> this findin led the FAA tae propone a rule requirin installation o an [[inertin seestem]] in the centre fuel tank o maist lairge aircraft that wis adoptit in Julie 2008, efter years o resairch intae solutions. At the time, the new saufty seestem wis expectit tae cost US$100,000 tae $450,000 per aircraft an wecht approximately {{convert|200|lb|kg}}.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121621918865158639 "Airlines Ordered to Cut Fuel-Tank Explosion Risk."] ''Wall Street Journal'', July 17, 2008, p. B5. Note: Cargo aircraft and smaller regional jets and commuter aircraft are not subject to this rule.</ref> [[El Al Flicht 1862]] crashed efter the fuse pins for an ingine breuk aff shortly efter tak-aff due tae metal fatigue. Insteid o drappin awey frae the wing, the ingine knocked aff the adjacent ingine an damaged the weeng.<ref name=ASN_Bijlmer>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921004-2 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG Amsterdam |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date= |accessdate=December 9, 2013 |archive-date=2011-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015203725/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921004-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Specifications== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Model ! [[Boeing 747SP|747SP]]<ref name="100/200/300startup">{{cite web |title= 747-100/-200/-300/-SP |publisher= Boeing |work= Startup |date= 2007 |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/747-100_-200_-300_-SP_passenger.pdf}}</ref> ! 747-100<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! 747-200B<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! 747-300<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! [[747-400]]ER<ref name=400startup>{{cite web |title= 747-400 |publisher= Boeing |work= Startup |date= May 2010 |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/747-400-passenger.pdf}}</ref> ! [[Boeing 747-8|747-8]]<ref name="acaps747-8">{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/747_8.pdf |title= 747-8 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= December 2012 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref> |- | Cockpit crew | colspan=4 | Three | colspan=2 | Twa |- | Teepical seats | 276 (25F 57J 194Y) | colspan=2 | 366 (32F 74J 260Y) | 400 (34F 76J 290Y) | 416 (23F 78J 315Y) | 467 (24F {{#expr:50+37}}J 356Y) |- | Exit leemit<ref name="TypeCert">{{cite web |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet NO. A20WE |publisher= FAA |date= February 27, 2015 |url= http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/75d4c3215c58345386257df9007c3763/$FILE/A20WE_Rev_57.pdf |access-date= 2019-02-07 |archive-date= 2016-12-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161225060633/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/75d4c3215c58345386257df9007c3763/$FILE/A20WE_Rev_57.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>{{efn|split nummers denote different leemits dependin on exit teeps instawed}} | 400 | colspan=2 | 440/550 | colspan=2 | 550/660 | colspan=2 | 495/605 |- | Cargae | {{Convert|{{#expr:3500+400}}|ft3|m3}} | colspan="3" | {{convert|6,190|ft3|m3|abbr=on}}, 30×LD1 | 5,655&nbsp;ft³ (160.1 m³) | {{Convert|{{#expr:5705+640}}|ft3|m3|abbr=on}} |- <!--Dimensions--> | Lenth | 184&nbsp;ft 9 in (56.3 m) | colspan="4" | 231&nbsp;ft 10 in (70.66 m) | 250&nbsp;ft 2 in (76.25 m) |- | Cabin weenth | colspan="6" | {{convert|{{#expr:(54+24.75)*2+82}}|in|cm|abbr=on}}<ref name=400startup/> |- | Weengspan | colspan="4" | 195&nbsp;ft 8&nbsp;in (59.6&nbsp;m) | 211&nbsp;ft 5&nbsp;in (64.4&nbsp;m) | 224&nbsp;ft 7&nbsp;in (68.4&nbsp;m) |- | Weeng aurie | colspan="4" | 5,500&nbsp;ft² (511&nbsp;m²) | {{convert|525|m2|ft2|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121230173833/http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |dead-url= yes |archive-date= December 30, 2012 |publisher= Lufthansa |title= Premiere of Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental |date= February 13, 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230173833/http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |date=2012-12-30 }}</ref> | {{convert|554|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name="FlightDesc747-8">{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/in-focus-boeing-747-8-technical-description-amp-cutaway-378866/ |title= Boeing 747-8 technical description & cutaway |work= Flight Global |date= November 13, 2012}}</ref> |- | Weeng sweep | colspan=6 | 37.5°<ref name=Centennial>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT670 |title= Boeing 747: A History |author= Martin Bowman |publisher= Pen and Sword |date= 2014|isbn= 9781473838239 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar04-44.pdf |title= Statistical Data for the Boeing-747-400 Aircraft in Commercial Operations |date= January 2005 |publisher= FAA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1991/1991%20-%202350.PDF |title= Commercial aircraft of the world |work= Flight International |date= September 4, 1991}}</ref> |- | Aspect ratio | colspan=4 | {{#expr:59.6/(511/59.6)round1}} | {{#expr:64.4/(525/64.4)round1}} | {{#expr:68.5/(554/68.5)round1}} |- | Tail hicht | 65&nbsp;ft 5 in (19.9 m) | colspan="3" | 63&nbsp;ft 5&nbsp;in (19.3&nbsp;m) | 63&nbsp;ft 8&nbsp;in (19.4&nbsp;m) | 63&nbsp;ft 6&nbsp;in (19.4&nbsp;m) |- <!--Weights--> | [[Maximum takaff wecht|MTOW]] | {{Convert|700,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|735,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | colspan="2" | {{Convert|833,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | 910,000&nbsp;lb (412.76&nbsp;t) | 987,000&nbsp;lb (447.696&nbsp;t) |- | [[Operatin emptie wecht|OEW]] | {{Convert|337100|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|379500|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|375100|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|384000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | 412,300&nbsp;lb (187.01&nbsp;t) | 485,300&nbsp;lb (220.128&nbsp;t) |- | Fuel<br />capacity | {{convert|50,359|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|48,445|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | colspan="2" | {{convert|53,985|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|63,705|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|63,034|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} |- <!--Engines--> | [[Turbofan]] ×4 | colspan=4 | [[Pratt & Whitney JT9D]]-7 or [[Rolls-Royce RB211]]-524 or [[GE CF6]] | [[Pratt & Whitney PW4000|PW4000]] / [[GE CF6|CF6]] / [[Rolls-Royce RB211|RB211]] | [[General Electric GEnx|GEnx-2B67]] |- | Thrust ×4 | {{convert|46,300|-|56,900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|43,500|-|51,600|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|46,300|-|54,750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|46,300|-|56,900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|62,100|-|63,300|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|66,500|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} |- <!--Performance--> | [[V speeds|MMo]]<ref name="TypeCert"/> | colspan=5 | Mach 0.92 | colspan=1 | Mach 0.9 |- | [[Cruise speed|Cruise]] | | colspan=3 | econ. 907&nbsp;km/h (490 kt), max. 939&nbsp;km/h (507kt)<ref name="Airliners100/200specs">{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/boeing-747-100-200/97 |title= Boeing 747-100/200 |work= Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications |publisher= Airliners.net}}</ref><ref name=Airliners300specs>{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/boeing-747-300/99 |title= Boeing 747-300 |work= Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications |publisher= Airliners.net}}</ref> | colspan=2 | {{convert|0.855|Mach|32,000|knots km/h|0}} |- | Range | {{convert|5830|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|JT9D, 276 passengers}} | {{convert|4620|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=100/200range|JT9D, 366 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|6560|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=100/200range}} | {{convert|6330|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|400 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|7670|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=400range|PW4000, 416 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|7730|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|410 passengers an baggage}}<ref name=RangeRev>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-revises-obsolete-performance-assumptions-415293/ |title= Boeing revises "obsolete" performance assumptions |work= FlightGlobal |date= August 3, 2015}}</ref> |- | Takaff | {{convert|9,250|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10650|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10900|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10900|ft|m|abbr=on}} | 10,700&nbsp;ft (3,260 m) | {{convert|10200|ft|m|abbr=on}} |} {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Boeing aircraft]] [[Category:Boeing 747]] [[Category:Unitit States airliners 1960–1969]] [[Category:Quadjets]] iim487uuewh15u0gfz1mifdxiquafc8 917332 917331 2026-05-28T16:42:17Z KiranBOT 118781 removed AMP tracking from URLs ([[:m:User:KiranBOT/AMP|details]]) ([[User talk:Usernamekiran|report error]]) v2.2.9s 917332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= Boeing 747 |image= Ba b747-400 g-bnle arp.jpg <!-- In flight images are preferable for the Infobox of aircraft. Discuss changes on the Talk page, thanks. --> |caption= [[British Airways]] [[Boeing 747-400]] during takeoff |alt= A British Airways 747-400 in white, blue and red livery during takeoff with its landing gear retracting. }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[Wide-body aircraft|Wide-body]], lang-range [[jet airliner]] |national origin= United States |manufacturer= [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] |designer= <!--only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders--> |first flight= 9 February 1969<ref name=ucfc747/> |introduced=22 Januar 1970 wi [[Pan American World Airways]]<ref name=Time_Jumbo-Gremlins>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878184,00.html "Jumbo and the Gremlins."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127015913/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878184,00.html |date=2008-01-27 }} ''TIME'', February 2, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> |status= In service | primary user = [[British Airways]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user--> | more users = [[Lufthansa]] <br />[[Korean Air]] <br />[[Atlas Air]] <!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br>.--> |produced= 1968–present | number built = 1,548 {{as of|December 2018|lc=on|df=us}}<ref name=747_O_D_summ/> |unit cost= 747-100: US$24&nbsp;million (1967) <br />747-200: US$39&nbsp;million (1976) <br />747-300: US$83&nbsp;million (1982) <br />747-400: US$228–260&nbsp;million (2007)<br />747-8I: US$351.4&nbsp;million<ref name=prices>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/prices/ "Boeing Commercial Airplanes prices."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: August 8, 2012.</ref><br />747-8F: US$352&nbsp;million |variants with their own articles= [[Boeing 747SP]] <br />[[Boeing 747-400]] <br />[[Boeing 747-8]] <br />[[Boeing VC-25]] <br />[[Boeing E-4]] |developed into= [[Boeing YAL-1]] <br />[[Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter]] }} |} The '''Boeing 747''' is an American [[wide-bouk aircraft|wide-body]] commercial [[jet airliner]] and [[cargae aircraft|cargo aircraft]], often referred to by its original nickname, "Jumbo Jet". Its distinctive "hump" upper deck along the forward part of the aircraft has made it one of the most recognisable aircraft,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/747-worlds-airliner-180951414/?all&no-ist |title=747: The World's Airliner |work=Air & Space Magazine |last=Negroni |first=Christine |date=July 2014 |accessdate=January 2, 2015}}</ref> and it was the first wide-body airplane produced. Manufactured by [[Boeing]]'s [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes|Commercial Airplane]] unit in the Unitit States, the 747 was originally envisioned to have 150 percent greater capacity than the [[Boeing 707]],<ref>Branson, Richard. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html "Pilot of the Jet Age."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122601/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''Time'', December 7, 1998. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> a common large commercial aircraft of the 1960s. First flown commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 years.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7061164.stm "A380 superjumbo lands in Sydney."] ''BBC,'' October 25, 2007. Retrieved: August 3, 2010. Quote: "The superjumbo's advent ends a reign of nearly four decades by the Boeing 747 as the world's biggest airliner."</ref> The fower-ingine 747 uises a [[dooble-deck aircraft|dooble-deck]] confeeguration for pairt o its lenth an is available in passenger, frauchter an ither versions. Boeing designed the 747's hump-lik upper deck tae serve as a first–cless loonge or extra seatin, an tae allou the aircraft tae be easily convertit tae a cargae cairier bi remuivin seats an instawin a front cargae door. Boeing expectit [[Supersonic transport|supersonic airliners]]—the development o that wis annoonced in the early 1960s—tae render the 747 an ither [[subsonic airliner]]s obsolete, while the demand for subsonic cargae aircraft wad remeen robust weel intae the futur.<ref>Orlebar 2002, p. 50.</ref> Tho the 747 wis expectit tae acome obsolete efter 400 war sauld,<ref>Haenggi 2003, pp. 14–15.</ref> it exceedit creetics' expectations wi production surpassin 1,000 in 1993.<ref name=Sutter_p259>Sutter 2006, p. 259.</ref> Bi Januar 2018, 1,543 aircraft haed been biggit, wi 11 o the 747-8 variants remeenin on order.<ref name="747_O_D_summ">[http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=747&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=747&ViewReportF=View+Report "747 Model Orders and Deliveries data."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928195003/http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=747&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=747&ViewReportF=View+Report |date=2018-09-28 }} ''The Boeing Company'', November 2017. Retrieved: January 1, 2018.</ref> {{As of|2017|01}}, the 747 haes been involved in 60 [[huil loss]]es, resultin in {{formatnum:{{#expr:2865+857}}}} fatalities.<ref name=ASNstats>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=104 |title= Boeing 747 Statistics |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |access-date= 2018-04-22 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824013435/http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=104 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The [[Boeing 747-400|747-400]], the maist common variant in service, haes a heich-subsonic [[cruise speed]] o [[Mach nummer|Mach]] 0.85–0.855 (up tae {{convert|570|mph|abbr=on|disp=or}}) wi an intercontinental range o 7,260&nbsp;[[nautical mile]] (8,350&nbsp;[[Mile#Statute mile|statute mile]] or 13,450&nbsp;[[kilometre|km]]).<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_400_prod.html "Technical Characteristics&nbsp;– Boeing 747-400"], ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: April 29, 2006.</ref> The 747-400 can accommodate 416 passengers in a teepical [[Traivel cless|three-cless layoot]], 524 passengers in a teepical twa-cless layoot, or 660 passengers in a heich-density ae-cless confeeguration.<ref name="747sp">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120522123248/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/misc/A20WE-Rev-45.pdf "747."] ''The Boeing Company.'' Retrieved: Januar 9, 2012.</ref> The newest version o the aircraft, the [[Boeing 747-8|747-8]], is in production an received certification in 2011. Deliveries o the 747-8F frauchter version begoud in October 2011; deliveries o the 747-8I passenger version begoud in Mey 2012. ==Development== ===Backgrund=== In 1963, the [[Unitit States Air Force]] stairtit a series o study projects on a verra lairge strategic transport aircraft. Awtho the [[C-141 Starlifter]] wis bein introduced, thay believed that a muckle lairger an mair capable aircraft wis needit, especially the capability tae cairy outsized cargae that wad nae fit in ony existin aircraft. Thir studies led tae ineetial requirements for the CX-Heavy Logistics seestem (CX-HLS) in Mairch 1964 for an aircraft wi a laid capacity o {{convert|180000|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} an a speed o Mach 0.75 ({{convert|500|mph|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on|disp=or}}), an an unrefueled range o {{convert|5000|nmi|km|sigfig=2}} wi a peylaid o {{convert|115000|lb|kg|sigfig=3}}. The peylaid bay haed tae be {{convert|17|ft|m|sigfig=3}} wide bi {{convert|13.5|ft|m|sigfig=3}} heich an {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=2}} lang wi access throu duirs at the front an rear.<ref name="Norton_C-5">Norton 2003, pp. 5–12.</ref> ===Production=== The 747 wis conceived while air traivel wis increasin in the 1960s.<ref name=Norris_Wagner_p13>Norris and Wagner 1997, p. 13.</ref> The era o commercial jet transportation, led bi the enormous popularity o the [[Boeing 707]] an [[Douglas DC-8]], haed revolutionised lang-distance traivel.<ref name=Norris_Wagner_p13/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery/images/commercial/707-03.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111124513/http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery/images/commercial/707-03.html |archivedate=January 11, 2012 |title=Boeing Multimedia Image Gallery 707|publisher=The Boeing Company |dead-url=yes |accessdate=December 8, 2007}}</ref> Even afore it lost the CX-HLS contract, Boeing wis asked bi [[Juan Trippe]], preses o [[Pan American World Airways]] (Pan Am), ane o thair maist important airline customers, tae big a passenger aircraft mair nor twice the size o the 707. In this time, airport congestion, waurened bi increasin nummers o passengers cairied on relatively smaw aircraft, becam a problem that Trippe thocht coud be addressed bi a lairger new aircraft.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/jtrippe.html "Innovators: Juan Trippe."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227150315/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/jtrippe.html |date=2013-12-27 }} ''PBS''. Retrieved: December 17, 2007.</ref> In 1965, [[Joe Sutter]] wis transferred frae Boeing's [[Boeing 737|737]] development team tae manage the design studies for the new airliner, awready assigned the model nummer 747.<ref name="Sutter_p80-4">Sutter 2006, pp. 80–84.</ref> Sutter ineetiatit a design study wi Pan Am an ither airlines, tae better unnerstaund thair requirements. At the time, it wis widely thocht that the 747 wad eventually be supersedit bi [[supersonic transport]] aircraft.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/852087.stm "Air travel, a supersonic future?."] ''BBC News'', July 17, 2001. Retrieved: December 9, 2007.</ref> Boeing respondit bi designin the 747 sae that it coud be adaptit easily tae cairy fraucht an remeen in production even if sales o the passenger version declined. In the frauchter role, the clear need wis tae support the [[Conteenerisation|conteenerised shippin]] methodologies that war bein widely introduced at aboot the same time. Staundart shippin conteeners are {{convert|8|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} squerr at the front (slichtly heicher due tae attachment pynts) an available in {{convert|20|and|40|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} lenths. This meant that it wad be possible tae support a 2-wide 2-heich stack o conteeners twa or three ranks deep wi a fuselage size seemilar tae the earlier CX-HLS project. [[File:Iran Air Boeing 747-200 cockpit Sharifi.jpg|thumb|An [[Iran Air]] 747-200, shawin the early-production 747 cockpit, locatit on the upper deck |alt= A view o an early-production 747 cockpit]] In Apryle 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 747-100 aircraft for US$525&nbsp;million. In the ceremonial 747 contract-signin banquet in Seattle on Boeing's 50t Anniversary, Juan Trippe predictit that the 747 wad be "... a great weapon for peace, competing with [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|intercontinental missiles]] for mankind's destiny".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rfpsBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31|title=The Airbus A380: A History|last=Simons|first=Graham|year=2014|page=31|isbn=9781783030415}}</ref> As launch customer,<ref name=ucfc747>Rumerman, Judy. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121007143215/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Boeing_747/Aero21.htm "The Boeing 747."] ''U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission,'' 2003. Retrieved: April 30, 2006.</ref><ref name="infoplease">Noland, David. [http://www.infoplease.com/spot/boeing747.html "Passenger Planes: Boeing 747."] "Info please." (''[[Pearson Education]]''). Retrieved: April 30, 2006.</ref> an acause o its early involvement afore placin a formal order, Pan Am wis able tae influence the design an development o the 747 tae an extent unmatched bi a single airline afore or syne.<ref name=Irving_p359>Irving 1994, p. 359.</ref> ===Entry intae service=== On 15 Januar 1970, [[First Leddy o the United States]] [[Pat Nixon]] christened Pan Am's first 747, at [[Washington Dulles Internaitional Airport|Dulles Internaitional Airport]] (later Washington Dulles Internaitional Airport) in the presence o Pan Am chairman [[Najeeb Halaby]]. The 747 enjoyed a fairly smuith introduction intae service, owercomin concerns that some airports wad nae be able tae accommodate an aircraft that lairge.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899789,00.html "Breaking the Ground Barrier."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122523/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899789,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''TIME'', September 8, 1967. Retrieved: December 19, 2007.</ref> Awtho technical problems occurred, thay war relatively minor an quickly solved.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909472,00.html "Jumbo Beats the Gremlins."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008023207/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909472,00.html |date=2016-10-08 }} ''TIME'', July 13, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> Efter the aircraft's introduction wi Pan Am, ither airlines that haed bocht the 747 tae stay competitive begoud tae put thair awn 747s intae service.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878679-1,00.html "Ready or Not, Here Comes Jumbo."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008021608/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878679-1,00.html |date=2016-10-08 }} ''TIME'', January 19, 1970. Retrieved: December 19, 2007.</ref> Boeing estimatit that hauf o the early 747 sales war tae airlines desirin the aircraft's lang range raither nor its peylaid capacity.<ref>Smith, Bruce A. "Boeing Shuns Very Large Jets While Aiming for Longer Range." ''Aviation Week and Space Technology'', January 1, 2001, pp. 28–29.</ref><ref>[http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Buescher.pdf 747X vs A380 "How to Reduce Congestion (PDF)."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216064540/http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Buescher.pdf |date=February 16, 2008 }} ''Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering'', Virginia Tech. Retrieved: December 10, 2007.</ref> While the 747 haed the lawest potential operatin cost per seat, this coud anerly be achieved whan the aircraft wis fully laidit; costs per seat increased rapidly as occupancy declined. A moderately laidit 747, ane wi anly 70 percent o its seats occupied, uised mair nor 95 percent o the fuel needit bi a fully occupied 747.<ref>[http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/2003/87-7972-489-2/html/kap09_eng.htm "Airline reporting on fuel consumption."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220020946/http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mst.dk%2Fudgiv%2FPublications%2F2003%2F87-7972-489-2%2Fhtml%2Fkap09_eng.htm |date=December 20, 2007 }} ''Miljominsteriet (Danish Environmental Protection Agency)''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> Nanetheless, mony banner-carriers purchased the 747 due tae its prestige "even if it made na sense economically" tae operate. In the 1970s an 1980s, thare wis eften ower 30 regularly scheduled 747s at [[John F. Kennedy Internaitional Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/boeing-747-deathwatch-how-boeings-new-777x-will-kill-its-jumbo-jet-predecessor-once-queen-skies|title=Boeing 747 On Deathwatch: How Boeing's New 777X Will Kill Its Jumbo Jet Predecessor, Once The Queen Of The Skies|date=May 4, 2013|publisher=}}</ref> The [[recession o 1969-1970]] greatly affectit Boeing. For the year an a hauf efter September 1970 it anerly sauld twa 747s in the warld, an did nae sell ony tae an American carrier for awmaist three years.<ref name="heppenheimer1998">{{cite book |title=The Space Shuttle Decision |publisher=NASA |author=Heppenheimer, T. A. |year=1998 |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/contents.htm | pages=302=303}}</ref> Whan economic problems in the US an ither kintras efter the [[1973 ile creesis]] led tae reduced passenger traffeck, several airlines foond thay did nae hae eneuch passengers tae flee the 747 economically, an thay replaced them wi the smawer an recently introduced [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] an [[Lockheed L-1011|Lockheed L-1011 TriStar]] [[trijet]] wide bouks<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876705,00.html "Planes for Rough Weather."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122847/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876705,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''TIME'', August 3, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> (an later the [[Boeing 767|767]] an [[Airbus A300|A300]]/[[Airbus A310|A310]] [[twinjet]]s). Haein tried replacin coach seats on its 747s wi pianae baurs in an attempt tae attract mair customers, American Airlines eventually relegatit its 747s tae cargo service an in 1983 exchynged them wi Pan Am for smawer aircraft;<ref>[https://archive.today/20120526202629/http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/history.jsp "American Airlines History."] ''American Airlines''. Retrieved: June 3, 2011.</ref> [[Delta Air Lines]] an aw remuived its 747s frae service efter several years.<ref>Davies 1990, p. 96.</ref> Later, Delta acquired 747s again in 2008 as pairt o its merger wi [[Northwest Airlines]], awtho it reteert the 747-400 fleet in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.delta.com/final-747-flight-now-scheduled-monday|title=Final 747 flight now scheduled for Monday|website=Delta News Hub|language=en|access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> [[File:UpperdeckcabinDLB744.jpg|thumb|Later 747 models featurt a stretched upper deck.]] Internaitional flichts bipassin tradeetional hub airports an laundin at smawer ceeties becam mair common ootthrou the 1980s, sicweys erodin the 747's oreeginal mercat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040211224743/http://www.boeing.com/news/speeches/2003/piasecki_030324.html "Turning Today's Challenges into Opportunities for Tomorrow."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 10, 2007.</ref> Mony internaitional cairiers conteena'd tae uise the 747 on [[Paceefic Ocean|Paceefic]] routes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Aboulafia |first=Richard |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/2004sb05.xml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112160220/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news%2F2004sb05.xml |archivedate=January 12, 2012 |title=Commercial Transport Market Still in Rough Shape |date=March 1, 2004 |work=Aviation Week and Space Technology |dead-url=yes |accessdate=December 10, 2007 |df= }}</ref> In Japan, 747s on domestic routes war confeegurt tae cairy nearly the maximum passenger capacity.<ref>Wallace, James. [http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/A380-buyer-keeps-mum-about-possible-luxuries-1164814.php "A380 buyer keeps mum about possible luxuries aboard cruise ship of the skies."] ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', January 24, 2005. Retrieved: June 3, 2011.</ref> ==Design== [[File:Boeing 747 cutaway.png|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Boeing 747-200 cutawey]] The Boeing 747 is a lairge, wide-bouk (twa-aisle) airliner wi fower weeng-mounted engines. Its weengs hae a heich [[swept weeng|sweep]] angle o 37.5 degrees for a fest, efficient cruise<ref name=Sutter_p93>Sutter 2006, p. 93.</ref> o Mach&nbsp;0.84 tae 0.88, dependin on the variant. The sweep an aw reduces the weengspan, allouin the 747 tae uise existin [[hangar]]s.<ref name=ucfc747/><ref>Bowers 1989, p. 508.</ref> Its seatin capacity is ower 366 wi a 3–4–3 seat arrangement (a cross section o 3 seats, an aisle, 4 seats, anither aisle, an 3 seats) in economy cless an a 2–3–2 layout in first cless on the main deck. The upper deck haes a 3–3 seat arrangement in economy cless an a 2–2 layoot in first cless.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 19, 2006 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619025715/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |archivedate=June 19, 2006 |df=mdy }} ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 19, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619025715/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |archivedate=June 19, 2006 |df=mdy }}</ref> [[File:Boeing 747-409F Prague airport 2015 3.jpg|left|thumb|[[China Airlines]] 747-400F wi the neb cargae duir appen]] Raised abuin the main deck, the cockpit creauts a hump. This raised cockpit allous front laidin o cargo on fraucht variants.<ref name=Sutter_p93/> The upper deck ahint the cockpit provides space for a lounge an/or extra seatin. The "stretched upper deck" becam available as an alternative on the 747-100B variant an later as staundart beginnin on the 747-300. The upper deck wis stretched mair on the 747-8. The 747 cockpit ruif section an aw haes an escape hatch frae that crew can exit in the events o an emergency if thay canna dae sae throu the cabin. The 747's maximum takaff wecht ranges frae 333,400&nbsp;kg (735,000&nbsp;poonds) for the 439,985&nbsp;kg (-100 tae 970,000&nbsp;lb) for the -8. Its range haes increased frae 5,300&nbsp;nautical miles (6,100&nbsp;mi, 9,800&nbsp;km) on the -100 tae 8,000&nbsp;nmi (9,200&nbsp;mi, 14,815&nbsp;km) on the -8I.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071210173616/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_classics.html "Boeing 747-100/200/300 Technical Specifications."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/747-8_fact_sheet.html "Boeing 747-8 Technical Specifications."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> The 747 haes redundant structurs alang wi fower redundant hydraulic seestems an fower main laundin gears ilk wi fower wheels; thir provide a guid spreid o support on the grund an safety in case o tyre blaw-oots. The main gear are redundant sae that laundin can be performed on twa opponin laundin gears if the ithers are nae functionin properly.<ref name="Sutter_p128-31">Sutter 2006, pp.&nbsp;128–131.</ref> The 747 an aw haes split control surfaces an wis designed wi sophisticatit treeple-slottit [[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]] that minimise laundin speeds an allou the 747 tae uise staundart-lenth runweys.<ref name="Sutter_p121-2">Sutter 2006, pp. 121–122.</ref> For transportation o spare ingines, the 747 can accommodate a non-functionin fift-pod ingine unner the aircraft's port weeng atween the inner functionin ingine an the fuselage.<ref>[http://www.airdisaster.com/special/special-ai182.shtml "Special Report:Air India Flight 182."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007035356/http://www.airdisaster.com/special/special-ai182.shtml |date=October 7, 2009 }} ''airdisaster.com''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/Jdb-txt/SC/05/03/2005BCSC0350.htm "Her Majesty the Queen Against Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajaib Singh Bagri."] ''Supreme Court of British Columbia''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> This fift ingine munt pynt is an aw uised bi [[Virgin Orbit]]'s [[LauncherOne]] programme.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virgin Orbit performs LauncherOne aircraft flight tests - SpaceNews.com |url=https://spacenews.com/virgin-orbit-performs-launcherone-aircraft-flight-tests/ |accessdate=22 November 2018 |work=SpaceNews.com |date=28 August 2018}}</ref> Virgin Orbit's 747-400, dubbed Cosmic Girl, cairies the orbital-cless racket tae cruise altitude, whaur the racket is deployed an then cairies its smaw satellite peylaid the rest o the wey tae space.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=Cosmic Girl takes LauncherOne on its first captive carry flight test – NASASpaceFlight.com |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/11/cosmic-girl-launcherone-first-captive-carry-test/ |accessdate=22 November 2018 |work=NASASpaceflight.com}}</ref> ==Accidents an incidents== The 747 haes been involved in 146 [[aviation accidents an incidents]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=104 |title= Boeing 747 occurrences |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |date= August 30, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824020547/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=104 |url-status= dead }}</ref> includin 61 accidents an [[huil loss]]es<ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=104%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1 |title= Boeing 747 hull-loss occurrences |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |date= August 29, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824020018/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=104%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1 |url-status= dead }}</ref> that resultit in {{#expr:2865+857}} fatalities.<ref name=ASNstats/> The last crash wis [[Turkish Airlines Flicht 6491]] in Januar 2017. Thare war an aw 24 daiths in 32 [[aircraft hijackin]]s,<ref name=ASNstats/> sic as [[Pan Am Flight 73]] whaur a Boeing 747-121 wis hijacked bi fower terrorists an resultit in 20 daiths.<ref name=ASN_Pan_Am>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19860905-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-121 N656PA Karachi-Quaid-E-Azam International Airport |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date= August 30, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017}}</ref> Few crashes hae been attributit tae design flaws o the 747. The [[Tenerife airport disaster]] resultit frae pilot error an communications failyie, while the [[Japan Airlines Flight 123]] an [[China Airlines Flight 611]] crashes stemmed frae improper aircraft repair. [[United Airlines Flight 811]], that suffered an [[uncontrolled decompression|explosive decompression]] mid-flicht on 24 Februar 1989, led the [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB) tae issue a recommendation that 747-200 cargo duirs seemilar tae thae on the Flicht 811 aircraft be modifee'd. [[Korean Air Lines Flicht 007]] wis shot doun bi a Soviet fechter aircraft in 1983 efter it haed strayed intae Soviet territory, causin U.S. Preses Ronald Reagan tae authorise the then-strictly militar [[global poseetionin seestem]] (GPS) for ceevilian uise.<ref name=KAL007>[http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2006/02/20060203125928lcnirellep0.5061609.html#axzz3z8AmijAm "United States Updates Global Positioning System Technology."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009161500/http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2006/02/20060203125928lcnirellep0.5061609.html#axzz3z8AmijAm |date=2013-10-09 }} ''america.gov,'' February 3, 2006. Retrieved: January 9, 2012.</ref> Accidents due tae design deficiencies includit [[TWA Flight 800]], whaur a 747-100 explodit in mid-air on 17 Julie 1996, probably due tae sparkin electricity weirs inside the fuel tank;<ref name=TWA_800_final>{{cite journal|title=Aircraft Accident Report: In-flight Breakup Over the Atlantic Ocean Trans World Airlines Flight 800 |journal=Ntsb/aar-00/03 |url=http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2000/AAR0003.pdf |format=PDF |date=August 23, 2000 |pages= |accessdate=June 24, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615201201/http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2000/AAR0003.pdf |archivedate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref> this findin led the FAA tae propone a rule requirin installation o an [[inertin seestem]] in the centre fuel tank o maist lairge aircraft that wis adoptit in Julie 2008, efter years o resairch intae solutions. At the time, the new saufty seestem wis expectit tae cost US$100,000 tae $450,000 per aircraft an wecht approximately {{convert|200|lb|kg}}.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121621918865158639 "Airlines Ordered to Cut Fuel-Tank Explosion Risk."] ''Wall Street Journal'', July 17, 2008, p. B5. Note: Cargo aircraft and smaller regional jets and commuter aircraft are not subject to this rule.</ref> [[El Al Flicht 1862]] crashed efter the fuse pins for an ingine breuk aff shortly efter tak-aff due tae metal fatigue. Insteid o drappin awey frae the wing, the ingine knocked aff the adjacent ingine an damaged the weeng.<ref name=ASN_Bijlmer>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921004-2 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG Amsterdam |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date= |accessdate=December 9, 2013 |archive-date=2011-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015203725/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921004-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Specifications== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Model ! [[Boeing 747SP|747SP]]<ref name="100/200/300startup">{{cite web |title= 747-100/-200/-300/-SP |publisher= Boeing |work= Startup |date= 2007 |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/747-100_-200_-300_-SP_passenger.pdf}}</ref> ! 747-100<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! 747-200B<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! 747-300<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! [[747-400]]ER<ref name=400startup>{{cite web |title= 747-400 |publisher= Boeing |work= Startup |date= May 2010 |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/747-400-passenger.pdf}}</ref> ! [[Boeing 747-8|747-8]]<ref name="acaps747-8">{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/747_8.pdf |title= 747-8 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= December 2012 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref> |- | Cockpit crew | colspan=4 | Three | colspan=2 | Twa |- | Teepical seats | 276 (25F 57J 194Y) | colspan=2 | 366 (32F 74J 260Y) | 400 (34F 76J 290Y) | 416 (23F 78J 315Y) | 467 (24F {{#expr:50+37}}J 356Y) |- | Exit leemit<ref name="TypeCert">{{cite web |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet NO. A20WE |publisher= FAA |date= February 27, 2015 |url= http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/75d4c3215c58345386257df9007c3763/$FILE/A20WE_Rev_57.pdf |access-date= 2019-02-07 |archive-date= 2016-12-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161225060633/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/75d4c3215c58345386257df9007c3763/$FILE/A20WE_Rev_57.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>{{efn|split nummers denote different leemits dependin on exit teeps instawed}} | 400 | colspan=2 | 440/550 | colspan=2 | 550/660 | colspan=2 | 495/605 |- | Cargae | {{Convert|{{#expr:3500+400}}|ft3|m3}} | colspan="3" | {{convert|6,190|ft3|m3|abbr=on}}, 30×LD1 | 5,655&nbsp;ft³ (160.1 m³) | {{Convert|{{#expr:5705+640}}|ft3|m3|abbr=on}} |- <!--Dimensions--> | Lenth | 184&nbsp;ft 9 in (56.3 m) | colspan="4" | 231&nbsp;ft 10 in (70.66 m) | 250&nbsp;ft 2 in (76.25 m) |- | Cabin weenth | colspan="6" | {{convert|{{#expr:(54+24.75)*2+82}}|in|cm|abbr=on}}<ref name=400startup/> |- | Weengspan | colspan="4" | 195&nbsp;ft 8&nbsp;in (59.6&nbsp;m) | 211&nbsp;ft 5&nbsp;in (64.4&nbsp;m) | 224&nbsp;ft 7&nbsp;in (68.4&nbsp;m) |- | Weeng aurie | colspan="4" | 5,500&nbsp;ft² (511&nbsp;m²) | {{convert|525|m2|ft2|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121230173833/http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |dead-url= yes |archive-date= December 30, 2012 |publisher= Lufthansa |title= Premiere of Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental |date= February 13, 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230173833/http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |date=2012-12-30 }}</ref> | {{convert|554|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name="FlightDesc747-8">{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/in-focus-boeing-747-8-technical-description-and-cutaway/107801.article/ |title= Boeing 747-8 technical description & cutaway |work= Flight Global |date= November 13, 2012}}</ref> |- | Weeng sweep | colspan=6 | 37.5°<ref name=Centennial>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT670 |title= Boeing 747: A History |author= Martin Bowman |publisher= Pen and Sword |date= 2014|isbn= 9781473838239 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar04-44.pdf |title= Statistical Data for the Boeing-747-400 Aircraft in Commercial Operations |date= January 2005 |publisher= FAA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1991/1991%20-%202350.PDF |title= Commercial aircraft of the world |work= Flight International |date= September 4, 1991}}</ref> |- | Aspect ratio | colspan=4 | {{#expr:59.6/(511/59.6)round1}} | {{#expr:64.4/(525/64.4)round1}} | {{#expr:68.5/(554/68.5)round1}} |- | Tail hicht | 65&nbsp;ft 5 in (19.9 m) | colspan="3" | 63&nbsp;ft 5&nbsp;in (19.3&nbsp;m) | 63&nbsp;ft 8&nbsp;in (19.4&nbsp;m) | 63&nbsp;ft 6&nbsp;in (19.4&nbsp;m) |- <!--Weights--> | [[Maximum takaff wecht|MTOW]] | {{Convert|700,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|735,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | colspan="2" | {{Convert|833,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | 910,000&nbsp;lb (412.76&nbsp;t) | 987,000&nbsp;lb (447.696&nbsp;t) |- | [[Operatin emptie wecht|OEW]] | {{Convert|337100|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|379500|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|375100|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|384000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | 412,300&nbsp;lb (187.01&nbsp;t) | 485,300&nbsp;lb (220.128&nbsp;t) |- | Fuel<br />capacity | {{convert|50,359|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|48,445|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | colspan="2" | {{convert|53,985|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|63,705|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|63,034|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} |- <!--Engines--> | [[Turbofan]] ×4 | colspan=4 | [[Pratt & Whitney JT9D]]-7 or [[Rolls-Royce RB211]]-524 or [[GE CF6]] | [[Pratt & Whitney PW4000|PW4000]] / [[GE CF6|CF6]] / [[Rolls-Royce RB211|RB211]] | [[General Electric GEnx|GEnx-2B67]] |- | Thrust ×4 | {{convert|46,300|-|56,900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|43,500|-|51,600|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|46,300|-|54,750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|46,300|-|56,900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|62,100|-|63,300|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|66,500|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} |- <!--Performance--> | [[V speeds|MMo]]<ref name="TypeCert"/> | colspan=5 | Mach 0.92 | colspan=1 | Mach 0.9 |- | [[Cruise speed|Cruise]] | | colspan=3 | econ. 907&nbsp;km/h (490 kt), max. 939&nbsp;km/h (507kt)<ref name="Airliners100/200specs">{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/boeing-747-100-200/97 |title= Boeing 747-100/200 |work= Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications |publisher= Airliners.net}}</ref><ref name=Airliners300specs>{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/boeing-747-300/99 |title= Boeing 747-300 |work= Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications |publisher= Airliners.net}}</ref> | colspan=2 | {{convert|0.855|Mach|32,000|knots km/h|0}} |- | Range | {{convert|5830|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|JT9D, 276 passengers}} | {{convert|4620|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=100/200range|JT9D, 366 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|6560|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=100/200range}} | {{convert|6330|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|400 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|7670|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=400range|PW4000, 416 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|7730|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|410 passengers an baggage}}<ref name=RangeRev>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-revises-obsolete-performance-assumptions-415293/ |title= Boeing revises "obsolete" performance assumptions |work= FlightGlobal |date= August 3, 2015}}</ref> |- | Takaff | {{convert|9,250|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10650|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10900|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10900|ft|m|abbr=on}} | 10,700&nbsp;ft (3,260 m) | {{convert|10200|ft|m|abbr=on}} |} {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Boeing aircraft]] [[Category:Boeing 747]] [[Category:Unitit States airliners 1960–1969]] [[Category:Quadjets]] qk9ajsozdwmtjmjgc5mawdtdxqon5yl 917333 917332 2026-05-28T16:52:55Z CiphriusKane 74958 Undae revision [[Special:Diff/917331|917331]] bi [[Special:Contributions/~2026-31847-34|~2026-31847-34]] ([[User talk:~2026-31847-34|Tauk]]) 917333 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {|{{Infobox aircraft begin |name= Boeing 747 |image= Ba b747-400 g-bnle arp.jpg <!-- In flight images are preferable for the Infobox of aircraft. Discuss changes on the Talk page, thanks. --> |caption= [[British Airways]] [[Boeing 747-400]] durin takoff |alt= A British Airways 747-400 in white, blue an reid livery during takoff wi its landin gear retractin. }}{{Infobox aircraft type |type= [[Wide-body aircraft|Wide-body]], lang-range [[jet airliner]] |national origin= Unitit States |manufacturer= [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes]] |designer= <!--only appropriate for single designers, not project leaders--> |first flight= 9 Februar 1969<ref name=ucfc747/> |introduced=22 Januar 1970 wi [[Pan American World Airways]]<ref name=Time_Jumbo-Gremlins>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878184,00.html "Jumbo and the Gremlins."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127015913/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878184,00.html |date=2008-01-27 }} ''TIME'', February 2, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> |status= In service | primary user = [[British Airways]] <!--Limit one (1) primary user--> | more users = [[Lufthansa]] <br />[[Korean Air]] <br />[[Atlas Air]] <!-- Limit is THREE (3) in 'more users' field, four (4) total users with primary user. Please separate with <br>.--> |produced= 1968–present | number built = 1,548 {{as of|December 2018|lc=on|df=us}}<ref name=747_O_D_summ/> |unit cost= 747-100: US$24&nbsp;million (1967) <br />747-200: US$39&nbsp;million (1976) <br />747-300: US$83&nbsp;million (1982) <br />747-400: US$228–260&nbsp;million (2007)<br />747-8I: US$351.4&nbsp;million<ref name=prices>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/prices/ "Boeing Commercial Airplanes prices."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: August 8, 2012.</ref><br />747-8F: US$352&nbsp;million |variants with their own articles= [[Boeing 747SP]] <br />[[Boeing 747-400]] <br />[[Boeing 747-8]] <br />[[Boeing VC-25]] <br />[[Boeing E-4]] |developed into= [[Boeing YAL-1]] <br />[[Boeing 747 Large Cargo Freighter]] }} |} The '''Boeing 747''' is an American [[wide-bouk aircraft|wide-bouk]] commercial [[jet airliner]] an [[cargae aircraft]], aften referred tae bi its oreeginal nickname, "Jumbo Jet". Its distinctive "hump" upper deck alang the forrit pairt o the aircraft haes made it ane o the maist recognisable aircraft,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/747-worlds-airliner-180951414/?all&no-ist |title=747: The World's Airliner |work=Air & Space Magazine |last=Negroni |first=Christine |date=July 2014 |accessdate=January 2, 2015}}</ref> an it wis the first wide-bouk airplane produced. Manufacturt bi [[Boeing]]'s [[Boeing Commercial Airplanes|Commercial Airplane]] unit in the Unitit States, the 747 wis oreeginally enveesioned tae hae 150 per cent greater capacity than the [[Boeing 707]],<ref>Branson, Richard. [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html "Pilot of the Jet Age."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122601/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989780-2,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''Time'', December 7, 1998. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> a common lairge commercial aircraft o the 1960s. First flewn commercially in 1970, the 747 held the passenger capacity record for 37 year.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7061164.stm "A380 superjumbo lands in Sydney."] ''BBC,'' October 25, 2007. Retrieved: August 3, 2010. Quote: "The superjumbo's advent ends a reign of nearly four decades by the Boeing 747 as the world's biggest airliner."</ref> The fower-ingine 747 uises a [[dooble-deck aircraft|dooble-deck]] confeeguration for pairt o its lenth an is available in passenger, frauchter an ither versions. Boeing designed the 747's hump-lik upper deck tae serve as a first–cless loonge or extra seatin, an tae allou the aircraft tae be easily convertit tae a cargae cairier bi remuivin seats an instawin a front cargae door. Boeing expectit [[Supersonic transport|supersonic airliners]]—the development o that wis annoonced in the early 1960s—tae render the 747 an ither [[subsonic airliner]]s obsolete, while the demand for subsonic cargae aircraft wad remeen robust weel intae the futur.<ref>Orlebar 2002, p. 50.</ref> Tho the 747 wis expectit tae acome obsolete efter 400 war sauld,<ref>Haenggi 2003, pp. 14–15.</ref> it exceedit creetics' expectations wi production surpassin 1,000 in 1993.<ref name=Sutter_p259>Sutter 2006, p. 259.</ref> Bi Januar 2018, 1,543 aircraft haed been biggit, wi 11 o the 747-8 variants remeenin on order.<ref name="747_O_D_summ">[http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=747&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=747&ViewReportF=View+Report "747 Model Orders and Deliveries data."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180928195003/http://active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/displaystandardreport.cfm?cboCurrentModel=747&optReportType=AllModels&cboAllModel=747&ViewReportF=View+Report |date=2018-09-28 }} ''The Boeing Company'', November 2017. Retrieved: January 1, 2018.</ref> {{As of|2017|01}}, the 747 haes been involved in 60 [[huil loss]]es, resultin in {{formatnum:{{#expr:2865+857}}}} fatalities.<ref name=ASNstats>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=104 |title= Boeing 747 Statistics |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |access-date= 2018-04-22 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824013435/http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type-stat.php?type=104 |url-status= dead }}</ref> The [[Boeing 747-400|747-400]], the maist common variant in service, haes a heich-subsonic [[cruise speed]] o [[Mach nummer|Mach]] 0.85–0.855 (up tae {{convert|570|mph|abbr=on|disp=or}}) wi an intercontinental range o 7,260&nbsp;[[nautical mile]] (8,350&nbsp;[[Mile#Statute mile|statute mile]] or 13,450&nbsp;[[kilometre|km]]).<ref>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_400_prod.html "Technical Characteristics&nbsp;– Boeing 747-400"], ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: April 29, 2006.</ref> The 747-400 can accommodate 416 passengers in a teepical [[Traivel cless|three-cless layoot]], 524 passengers in a teepical twa-cless layoot, or 660 passengers in a heich-density ae-cless confeeguration.<ref name="747sp">[https://web.archive.org/web/20120522123248/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/misc/A20WE-Rev-45.pdf "747."] ''The Boeing Company.'' Retrieved: Januar 9, 2012.</ref> The newest version o the aircraft, the [[Boeing 747-8|747-8]], is in production an received certification in 2011. Deliveries o the 747-8F frauchter version begoud in October 2011; deliveries o the 747-8I passenger version begoud in Mey 2012. ==Development== ===Backgrund=== In 1963, the [[Unitit States Air Force]] stairtit a series o study projects on a verra lairge strategic transport aircraft. Awtho the [[C-141 Starlifter]] wis bein introduced, thay believed that a muckle lairger an mair capable aircraft wis needit, especially the capability tae cairy outsized cargae that wad nae fit in ony existin aircraft. Thir studies led tae ineetial requirements for the CX-Heavy Logistics seestem (CX-HLS) in Mairch 1964 for an aircraft wi a laid capacity o {{convert|180000|lb|kg|sigfig=3}} an a speed o Mach 0.75 ({{convert|500|mph|km/h|sigfig=2|abbr=on|disp=or}}), an an unrefueled range o {{convert|5000|nmi|km|sigfig=2}} wi a peylaid o {{convert|115000|lb|kg|sigfig=3}}. The peylaid bay haed tae be {{convert|17|ft|m|sigfig=3}} wide bi {{convert|13.5|ft|m|sigfig=3}} heich an {{convert|100|ft|m|sigfig=2}} lang wi access throu duirs at the front an rear.<ref name="Norton_C-5">Norton 2003, pp. 5–12.</ref> ===Production=== The 747 wis conceived while air traivel wis increasin in the 1960s.<ref name=Norris_Wagner_p13>Norris and Wagner 1997, p. 13.</ref> The era o commercial jet transportation, led bi the enormous popularity o the [[Boeing 707]] an [[Douglas DC-8]], haed revolutionised lang-distance traivel.<ref name=Norris_Wagner_p13/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery/images/commercial/707-03.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120111124513/http://www.boeing.com/companyoffices/gallery/images/commercial/707-03.html |archivedate=January 11, 2012 |title=Boeing Multimedia Image Gallery 707|publisher=The Boeing Company |dead-url=yes |accessdate=December 8, 2007}}</ref> Even afore it lost the CX-HLS contract, Boeing wis asked bi [[Juan Trippe]], preses o [[Pan American World Airways]] (Pan Am), ane o thair maist important airline customers, tae big a passenger aircraft mair nor twice the size o the 707. In this time, airport congestion, waurened bi increasin nummers o passengers cairied on relatively smaw aircraft, becam a problem that Trippe thocht coud be addressed bi a lairger new aircraft.<ref>[https://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/jtrippe.html "Innovators: Juan Trippe."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227150315/http://www.pbs.org/kcet/chasingthesun/innovators/jtrippe.html |date=2013-12-27 }} ''PBS''. Retrieved: December 17, 2007.</ref> In 1965, [[Joe Sutter]] wis transferred frae Boeing's [[Boeing 737|737]] development team tae manage the design studies for the new airliner, awready assigned the model nummer 747.<ref name="Sutter_p80-4">Sutter 2006, pp. 80–84.</ref> Sutter ineetiatit a design study wi Pan Am an ither airlines, tae better unnerstaund thair requirements. At the time, it wis widely thocht that the 747 wad eventually be supersedit bi [[supersonic transport]] aircraft.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/852087.stm "Air travel, a supersonic future?."] ''BBC News'', July 17, 2001. Retrieved: December 9, 2007.</ref> Boeing respondit bi designin the 747 sae that it coud be adaptit easily tae cairy fraucht an remeen in production even if sales o the passenger version declined. In the frauchter role, the clear need wis tae support the [[Conteenerisation|conteenerised shippin]] methodologies that war bein widely introduced at aboot the same time. Staundart shippin conteeners are {{convert|8|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} squerr at the front (slichtly heicher due tae attachment pynts) an available in {{convert|20|and|40|ft|m|abbr=on|sigfig=2}} lenths. This meant that it wad be possible tae support a 2-wide 2-heich stack o conteeners twa or three ranks deep wi a fuselage size seemilar tae the earlier CX-HLS project. [[File:Iran Air Boeing 747-200 cockpit Sharifi.jpg|thumb|An [[Iran Air]] 747-200, shawin the early-production 747 cockpit, locatit on the upper deck |alt= A view o an early-production 747 cockpit]] In Apryle 1966, Pan Am ordered 25 747-100 aircraft for US$525&nbsp;million. In the ceremonial 747 contract-signin banquet in Seattle on Boeing's 50t Anniversary, Juan Trippe predictit that the 747 wad be "... a great weapon for peace, competing with [[Intercontinental ballistic missile|intercontinental missiles]] for mankind's destiny".<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rfpsBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA31|title=The Airbus A380: A History|last=Simons|first=Graham|year=2014|page=31|isbn=9781783030415}}</ref> As launch customer,<ref name=ucfc747>Rumerman, Judy. [https://web.archive.org/web/20121007143215/http://www.centennialofflight.gov/essay/Aerospace/Boeing_747/Aero21.htm "The Boeing 747."] ''U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission,'' 2003. Retrieved: April 30, 2006.</ref><ref name=infoplease>Noland, David. [http://www.infoplease.com/spot/boeing747.html "Passenger Planes: Boeing 747."] "Info please." (''[[Pearson Education]]''). Retrieved: April 30, 2006.</ref> an acause o its early involvement afore placin a formal order, Pan Am wis able tae influence the design an development o the 747 tae an extent unmatched bi a single airline afore or syne.<ref name=Irving_p359>Irving 1994, p. 359.</ref> ===Entry intae service=== On 15 Januar 1970, [[First Leddy o the United States]] [[Pat Nixon]] christened Pan Am's first 747, at [[Washington Dulles Internaitional Airport|Dulles Internaitional Airport]] (later Washington Dulles Internaitional Airport) in the presence o Pan Am chairman [[Najeeb Halaby]]. The 747 enjoyed a fairly smuith introduction intae service, owercomin concerns that some airports wad nae be able tae accommodate an aircraft that lairge.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899789,00.html "Breaking the Ground Barrier."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122523/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,899789,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''TIME'', September 8, 1967. Retrieved: December 19, 2007.</ref> Awtho technical problems occurred, thay war relatively minor an quickly solved.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909472,00.html "Jumbo Beats the Gremlins."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008023207/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,909472,00.html |date=2016-10-08 }} ''TIME'', July 13, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> Efter the aircraft's introduction wi Pan Am, ither airlines that haed bocht the 747 tae stay competitive begoud tae put thair awn 747s intae service.<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878679-1,00.html "Ready or Not, Here Comes Jumbo."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161008021608/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,878679-1,00.html |date=2016-10-08 }} ''TIME'', January 19, 1970. Retrieved: December 19, 2007.</ref> Boeing estimatit that hauf o the early 747 sales war tae airlines desirin the aircraft's lang range raither nor its peylaid capacity.<ref>Smith, Bruce A. "Boeing Shuns Very Large Jets While Aiming for Longer Range." ''Aviation Week and Space Technology'', January 1, 2001, pp. 28–29.</ref><ref>[http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Buescher.pdf 747X vs A380 "How to Reduce Congestion (PDF)."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216064540/http://www.aoe.vt.edu/~mason/Mason_f/A380Buescher.pdf |date=February 16, 2008 }} ''Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering'', Virginia Tech. Retrieved: December 10, 2007.</ref> While the 747 haed the lawest potential operatin cost per seat, this coud anerly be achieved whan the aircraft wis fully laidit; costs per seat increased rapidly as occupancy declined. A moderately laidit 747, ane wi anly 70 percent o its seats occupied, uised mair nor 95 percent o the fuel needit bi a fully occupied 747.<ref>[http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/2003/87-7972-489-2/html/kap09_eng.htm "Airline reporting on fuel consumption."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220020946/http://www2.mst.dk/common/Udgivramme/Frame.asp?pg=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.mst.dk%2Fudgiv%2FPublications%2F2003%2F87-7972-489-2%2Fhtml%2Fkap09_eng.htm |date=December 20, 2007 }} ''Miljominsteriet (Danish Environmental Protection Agency)''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> Nanetheless, mony banner-carriers purchased the 747 due tae its prestige "even if it made na sense economically" tae operate. In the 1970s an 1980s, thare wis eften ower 30 regularly scheduled 747s at [[John F. Kennedy Internaitional Airport]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/boeing-747-deathwatch-how-boeings-new-777x-will-kill-its-jumbo-jet-predecessor-once-queen-skies|title=Boeing 747 On Deathwatch: How Boeing's New 777X Will Kill Its Jumbo Jet Predecessor, Once The Queen Of The Skies|date=May 4, 2013|publisher=}}</ref> The [[recession o 1969-1970]] greatly affectit Boeing. For the year an a hauf efter September 1970 it anerly sauld twa 747s in the warld, an did nae sell ony tae an American carrier for awmaist three years.<ref name="heppenheimer1998">{{cite book |title=The Space Shuttle Decision |publisher=NASA |author=Heppenheimer, T. A. |year=1998 |url=https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4221/contents.htm | pages=302=303}}</ref> Whan economic problems in the US an ither kintras efter the [[1973 ile creesis]] led tae reduced passenger traffeck, several airlines foond thay did nae hae eneuch passengers tae flee the 747 economically, an thay replaced them wi the smawer an recently introduced [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] an [[Lockheed L-1011|Lockheed L-1011 TriStar]] [[trijet]] wide bouks<ref>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876705,00.html "Planes for Rough Weather."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809122847/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,876705,00.html |date=2016-08-09 }} ''TIME'', August 3, 1970. Retrieved: December 20, 2007.</ref> (an later the [[Boeing 767|767]] an [[Airbus A300|A300]]/[[Airbus A310|A310]] [[twinjet]]s). Haein tried replacin coach seats on its 747s wi pianae baurs in an attempt tae attract mair customers, American Airlines eventually relegatit its 747s tae cargo service an in 1983 exchynged them wi Pan Am for smawer aircraft;<ref>[https://archive.today/20120526202629/http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/history.jsp "American Airlines History."] ''American Airlines''. Retrieved: June 3, 2011.</ref> [[Delta Air Lines]] an aw remuived its 747s frae service efter several years.<ref>Davies 1990, p. 96.</ref> Later, Delta acquired 747s again in 2008 as pairt o its merger wi [[Northwest Airlines]], awtho it reteert the 747-400 fleet in December 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.delta.com/final-747-flight-now-scheduled-monday|title=Final 747 flight now scheduled for Monday|website=Delta News Hub|language=en|access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> [[File:UpperdeckcabinDLB744.jpg|thumb|Later 747 models featurt a stretched upper deck.]] Internaitional flichts bipassin tradeetional hub airports an laundin at smawer ceeties becam mair common ootthrou the 1980s, sicweys erodin the 747's oreeginal mercat.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20040211224743/http://www.boeing.com/news/speeches/2003/piasecki_030324.html "Turning Today's Challenges into Opportunities for Tomorrow."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 10, 2007.</ref> Mony internaitional cairiers conteena'd tae uise the 747 on [[Paceefic Ocean|Paceefic]] routes.<ref>{{cite web|last=Aboulafia |first=Richard |url=http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/2004sb05.xml |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120112160220/http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news%2F2004sb05.xml |archivedate=January 12, 2012 |title=Commercial Transport Market Still in Rough Shape |date=March 1, 2004 |work=Aviation Week and Space Technology |dead-url=yes |accessdate=December 10, 2007 |df= }}</ref> In Japan, 747s on domestic routes war confeegurt tae cairy nearly the maximum passenger capacity.<ref>Wallace, James. [http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/A380-buyer-keeps-mum-about-possible-luxuries-1164814.php "A380 buyer keeps mum about possible luxuries aboard cruise ship of the skies."] ''Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', January 24, 2005. Retrieved: June 3, 2011.</ref> ==Design== [[File:Boeing 747 cutaway.png|thumb|right|upright=1.2|Boeing 747-200 cutawey]] The Boeing 747 is a lairge, wide-bouk (twa-aisle) airliner wi fower weeng-mounted engines. Its weengs hae a heich [[swept weeng|sweep]] angle o 37.5 degrees for a fest, efficient cruise<ref name=Sutter_p93>Sutter 2006, p. 93.</ref> o Mach&nbsp;0.84 tae 0.88, dependin on the variant. The sweep an aw reduces the weengspan, allouin the 747 tae uise existin [[hangar]]s.<ref name=ucfc747/><ref>Bowers 1989, p. 508.</ref> Its seatin capacity is ower 366 wi a 3–4–3 seat arrangement (a cross section o 3 seats, an aisle, 4 seats, anither aisle, an 3 seats) in economy cless an a 2–3–2 layout in first cless on the main deck. The upper deck haes a 3–3 seat arrangement in economy cless an a 2–2 layoot in first cless.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 19, 2006 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619025715/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |archivedate=June 19, 2006 |df=mdy }} ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.{{cite web|url=http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |title=Archived copy |accessdate=June 19, 2006 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20060619025715/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7471sec2.pdf |archivedate=June 19, 2006 |df=mdy }}</ref> [[File:Boeing 747-409F Prague airport 2015 3.jpg|left|thumb|[[China Airlines]] 747-400F wi the neb cargae duir appen]] Raised abuin the main deck, the cockpit creauts a hump. This raised cockpit allous front laidin o cargo on fraucht variants.<ref name=Sutter_p93/> The upper deck ahint the cockpit provides space for a lounge an/or extra seatin. The "stretched upper deck" becam available as an alternative on the 747-100B variant an later as staundart beginnin on the 747-300. The upper deck wis stretched mair on the 747-8. The 747 cockpit ruif section an aw haes an escape hatch frae that crew can exit in the events o an emergency if thay canna dae sae throu the cabin. The 747's maximum takaff wecht ranges frae 333,400&nbsp;kg (735,000&nbsp;poonds) for the 439,985&nbsp;kg (-100 tae 970,000&nbsp;lb) for the -8. Its range haes increased frae 5,300&nbsp;nautical miles (6,100&nbsp;mi, 9,800&nbsp;km) on the -100 tae 8,000&nbsp;nmi (9,200&nbsp;mi, 14,815&nbsp;km) on the -8I.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20071210173616/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_classics.html "Boeing 747-100/200/300 Technical Specifications."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/747-8_fact_sheet.html "Boeing 747-8 Technical Specifications."] ''The Boeing Company''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> The 747 haes redundant structurs alang wi fower redundant hydraulic seestems an fower main laundin gears ilk wi fower wheels; thir provide a guid spreid o support on the grund an safety in case o tyre blaw-oots. The main gear are redundant sae that laundin can be performed on twa opponin laundin gears if the ithers are nae functionin properly.<ref name="Sutter_p128-31">Sutter 2006, pp.&nbsp;128–131.</ref> The 747 an aw haes split control surfaces an wis designed wi sophisticatit treeple-slottit [[Flap (aircraft)|flaps]] that minimise laundin speeds an allou the 747 tae uise staundart-lenth runweys.<ref name="Sutter_p121-2">Sutter 2006, pp. 121–122.</ref> For transportation o spare ingines, the 747 can accommodate a non-functionin fift-pod ingine unner the aircraft's port weeng atween the inner functionin ingine an the fuselage.<ref>[http://www.airdisaster.com/special/special-ai182.shtml "Special Report:Air India Flight 182."] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007035356/http://www.airdisaster.com/special/special-ai182.shtml |date=October 7, 2009 }} ''airdisaster.com''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/Jdb-txt/SC/05/03/2005BCSC0350.htm "Her Majesty the Queen Against Ripudaman Singh Malik and Ajaib Singh Bagri."] ''Supreme Court of British Columbia''. Retrieved: December 13, 2007.</ref> This fift ingine munt pynt is an aw uised bi [[Virgin Orbit]]'s [[LauncherOne]] programme.<ref>{{cite news |title=Virgin Orbit performs LauncherOne aircraft flight tests - SpaceNews.com |url=https://spacenews.com/virgin-orbit-performs-launcherone-aircraft-flight-tests/ |accessdate=22 November 2018 |work=SpaceNews.com |date=28 August 2018}}</ref> Virgin Orbit's 747-400, dubbed Cosmic Girl, cairies the orbital-cless racket tae cruise altitude, whaur the racket is deployed an then cairies its smaw satellite peylaid the rest o the wey tae space.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Bergin |first1=Chris |title=Cosmic Girl takes LauncherOne on its first captive carry flight test – NASASpaceFlight.com |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2018/11/cosmic-girl-launcherone-first-captive-carry-test/ |accessdate=22 November 2018 |work=NASASpaceflight.com}}</ref> ==Accidents an incidents== The 747 haes been involved in 146 [[aviation accidents an incidents]],<ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=104 |title= Boeing 747 occurrences |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |date= August 30, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824020547/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?Type=104 |url-status= dead }}</ref> includin 61 accidents an [[huil loss]]es<ref>{{cite web |url= http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=104%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1 |title= Boeing 747 hull-loss occurrences |publisher= Flight Safety Foundation |date= August 29, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017 |archive-date= 2017-08-24 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170824020018/http://aviation-safety.net/database/dblist.php?field=typecode&var=104%&cat=%1&sorteer=datekey&page=1 |url-status= dead }}</ref> that resultit in {{#expr:2865+857}} fatalities.<ref name=ASNstats/> The last crash wis [[Turkish Airlines Flicht 6491]] in Januar 2017. Thare war an aw 24 daiths in 32 [[aircraft hijackin]]s,<ref name=ASNstats/> sic as [[Pan Am Flight 73]] whaur a Boeing 747-121 wis hijacked bi fower terrorists an resultit in 20 daiths.<ref name=ASN_Pan_Am>{{cite web |url=https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19860905-0 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-121 N656PA Karachi-Quaid-E-Azam International Airport |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date= August 30, 2017 |accessdate= August 30, 2017}}</ref> Few crashes hae been attributit tae design flaws o the 747. The [[Tenerife airport disaster]] resultit frae pilot error an communications failyie, while the [[Japan Airlines Flight 123]] an [[China Airlines Flight 611]] crashes stemmed frae improper aircraft repair. [[United Airlines Flight 811]], that suffered an [[uncontrolled decompression|explosive decompression]] mid-flicht on 24 Februar 1989, led the [[National Transportation Safety Board]] (NTSB) tae issue a recommendation that 747-200 cargo duirs seemilar tae thae on the Flicht 811 aircraft be modifee'd. [[Korean Air Lines Flicht 007]] wis shot doun bi a Soviet fechter aircraft in 1983 efter it haed strayed intae Soviet territory, causin U.S. Preses Ronald Reagan tae authorise the then-strictly militar [[global poseetionin seestem]] (GPS) for ceevilian uise.<ref name=KAL007>[http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2006/02/20060203125928lcnirellep0.5061609.html#axzz3z8AmijAm "United States Updates Global Positioning System Technology."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009161500/http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2006/02/20060203125928lcnirellep0.5061609.html#axzz3z8AmijAm |date=2013-10-09 }} ''america.gov,'' February 3, 2006. Retrieved: January 9, 2012.</ref> Accidents due tae design deficiencies includit [[TWA Flight 800]], whaur a 747-100 explodit in mid-air on 17 Julie 1996, probably due tae sparkin electricity weirs inside the fuel tank;<ref name=TWA_800_final>{{cite journal|title=Aircraft Accident Report: In-flight Breakup Over the Atlantic Ocean Trans World Airlines Flight 800 |journal=Ntsb/aar-00/03 |url=http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2000/AAR0003.pdf |format=PDF |date=August 23, 2000 |pages= |accessdate=June 24, 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130615201201/http://www.ntsb.gov/doclib/reports/2000/AAR0003.pdf |archivedate=June 15, 2013 }}</ref> this findin led the FAA tae propone a rule requirin installation o an [[inertin seestem]] in the centre fuel tank o maist lairge aircraft that wis adoptit in Julie 2008, efter years o resairch intae solutions. At the time, the new saufty seestem wis expectit tae cost US$100,000 tae $450,000 per aircraft an wecht approximately {{convert|200|lb|kg}}.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB121621918865158639 "Airlines Ordered to Cut Fuel-Tank Explosion Risk."] ''Wall Street Journal'', July 17, 2008, p. B5. Note: Cargo aircraft and smaller regional jets and commuter aircraft are not subject to this rule.</ref> [[El Al Flicht 1862]] crashed efter the fuse pins for an ingine breuk aff shortly efter tak-aff due tae metal fatigue. Insteid o drappin awey frae the wing, the ingine knocked aff the adjacent ingine an damaged the weeng.<ref name=ASN_Bijlmer>{{cite web |url=http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921004-2 |title=ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 747-258F 4X-AXG Amsterdam |publisher=Aviation-safety.net |date= |accessdate=December 9, 2013 |archive-date=2011-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111015203725/http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19921004-2 |url-status=dead }}</ref> ==Specifications== {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" |- ! Model ! [[Boeing 747SP|747SP]]<ref name="100/200/300startup">{{cite web |title= 747-100/-200/-300/-SP |publisher= Boeing |work= Startup |date= 2007 |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/747-100_-200_-300_-SP_passenger.pdf}}</ref> ! 747-100<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! 747-200B<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! 747-300<ref name="100/200/300startup"/> ! [[747-400]]ER<ref name=400startup>{{cite web |title= 747-400 |publisher= Boeing |work= Startup |date= May 2010 |url= http://www.boeing.com/resources/boeingdotcom/company/about_bca/startup/pdf/historical/747-400-passenger.pdf}}</ref> ! [[Boeing 747-8|747-8]]<ref name="acaps747-8">{{cite web |url= http://www.boeing.com/assets/pdf/commercial/airports/acaps/747_8.pdf |title= 747-8 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning |date= December 2012 |publisher= Boeing}}</ref> |- | Cockpit crew | colspan=4 | Three | colspan=2 | Twa |- | Teepical seats | 276 (25F 57J 194Y) | colspan=2 | 366 (32F 74J 260Y) | 400 (34F 76J 290Y) | 416 (23F 78J 315Y) | 467 (24F {{#expr:50+37}}J 356Y) |- | Exit leemit<ref name="TypeCert">{{cite web |title= Type Certificate Data Sheet NO. A20WE |publisher= FAA |date= February 27, 2015 |url= http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/75d4c3215c58345386257df9007c3763/$FILE/A20WE_Rev_57.pdf |access-date= 2019-02-07 |archive-date= 2016-12-25 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20161225060633/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/75d4c3215c58345386257df9007c3763/$FILE/A20WE_Rev_57.pdf |url-status= dead }}</ref>{{efn|split nummers denote different leemits dependin on exit teeps instawed}} | 400 | colspan=2 | 440/550 | colspan=2 | 550/660 | colspan=2 | 495/605 |- | Cargae | {{Convert|{{#expr:3500+400}}|ft3|m3}} | colspan="3" | {{convert|6,190|ft3|m3|abbr=on}}, 30×LD1 | 5,655&nbsp;ft³ (160.1 m³) | {{Convert|{{#expr:5705+640}}|ft3|m3|abbr=on}} |- <!--Dimensions--> | Lenth | 184&nbsp;ft 9 in (56.3 m) | colspan="4" | 231&nbsp;ft 10 in (70.66 m) | 250&nbsp;ft 2 in (76.25 m) |- | Cabin weenth | colspan="6" | {{convert|{{#expr:(54+24.75)*2+82}}|in|cm|abbr=on}}<ref name=400startup/> |- | Weengspan | colspan="4" | 195&nbsp;ft 8&nbsp;in (59.6&nbsp;m) | 211&nbsp;ft 5&nbsp;in (64.4&nbsp;m) | 224&nbsp;ft 7&nbsp;in (68.4&nbsp;m) |- | Weeng aurie | colspan="4" | 5,500&nbsp;ft² (511&nbsp;m²) | {{convert|525|m2|ft2|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20121230173833/http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |dead-url= yes |archive-date= December 30, 2012 |publisher= Lufthansa |title= Premiere of Boeing 747-8 Intercontinental |date= February 13, 2011 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121230173833/http://konzern.lufthansa.com/en/themen/boeing-747-8-roll-out.html |date=2012-12-30 }}</ref> | {{convert|554|m2|abbr=on|order=flip}}<ref name="FlightDesc747-8">{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/in-focus-boeing-747-8-technical-description-and-cutaway/107801.article/ |title= Boeing 747-8 technical description & cutaway |work= Flight Global |date= November 13, 2012}}</ref> |- | Weeng sweep | colspan=6 | 37.5°<ref name=Centennial>{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej0RBQAAQBAJ&pg=PT670 |title= Boeing 747: A History |author= Martin Bowman |publisher= Pen and Sword |date= 2014|isbn= 9781473838239 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar04-44.pdf |title= Statistical Data for the Boeing-747-400 Aircraft in Commercial Operations |date= January 2005 |publisher= FAA}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/FlightPDFArchive/1991/1991%20-%202350.PDF |title= Commercial aircraft of the world |work= Flight International |date= September 4, 1991}}</ref> |- | Aspect ratio | colspan=4 | {{#expr:59.6/(511/59.6)round1}} | {{#expr:64.4/(525/64.4)round1}} | {{#expr:68.5/(554/68.5)round1}} |- | Tail hicht | 65&nbsp;ft 5 in (19.9 m) | colspan="3" | 63&nbsp;ft 5&nbsp;in (19.3&nbsp;m) | 63&nbsp;ft 8&nbsp;in (19.4&nbsp;m) | 63&nbsp;ft 6&nbsp;in (19.4&nbsp;m) |- <!--Weights--> | [[Maximum takaff wecht|MTOW]] | {{Convert|700,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|735,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | colspan="2" | {{Convert|833,000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | 910,000&nbsp;lb (412.76&nbsp;t) | 987,000&nbsp;lb (447.696&nbsp;t) |- | [[Operatin emptie wecht|OEW]] | {{Convert|337100|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|379500|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|375100|lb|t|abbr=on}} | {{Convert|384000|lb|t|abbr=on}} | 412,300&nbsp;lb (187.01&nbsp;t) | 485,300&nbsp;lb (220.128&nbsp;t) |- | Fuel<br />capacity | {{convert|50,359|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|48,445|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | colspan="2" | {{convert|53,985|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|63,705|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|63,034|USgal|m3|abbr=on|disp=br}} |- <!--Engines--> | [[Turbofan]] ×4 | colspan=4 | [[Pratt & Whitney JT9D]]-7 or [[Rolls-Royce RB211]]-524 or [[GE CF6]] | [[Pratt & Whitney PW4000|PW4000]] / [[GE CF6|CF6]] / [[Rolls-Royce RB211|RB211]] | [[General Electric GEnx|GEnx-2B67]] |- | Thrust ×4 | {{convert|46,300|-|56,900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|43,500|-|51,600|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|46,300|-|54,750|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|46,300|-|56,900|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|62,100|-|63,300|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} | {{convert|66,500|lbf|kN|abbr=on|disp=br}} |- <!--Performance--> | [[V speeds|MMo]]<ref name="TypeCert"/> | colspan=5 | Mach 0.92 | colspan=1 | Mach 0.9 |- | [[Cruise speed|Cruise]] | | colspan=3 | econ. 907&nbsp;km/h (490 kt), max. 939&nbsp;km/h (507kt)<ref name="Airliners100/200specs">{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/boeing-747-100-200/97 |title= Boeing 747-100/200 |work= Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications |publisher= Airliners.net}}</ref><ref name=Airliners300specs>{{cite web |url= http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/boeing-747-300/99 |title= Boeing 747-300 |work= Aircraft Technical Data & Specifications |publisher= Airliners.net}}</ref> | colspan=2 | {{convert|0.855|Mach|32,000|knots km/h|0}} |- | Range | {{convert|5830|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|JT9D, 276 passengers}} | {{convert|4620|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=100/200range|JT9D, 366 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|6560|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=100/200range}} | {{convert|6330|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|400 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|7670|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|name=400range|PW4000, 416 passengers an baggage}} | {{convert|7730|nmi|km|abbr=on|disp=br}}{{efn|410 passengers an baggage}}<ref name=RangeRev>{{cite news |url= https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeing-revises-obsolete-performance-assumptions-415293/ |title= Boeing revises "obsolete" performance assumptions |work= FlightGlobal |date= August 3, 2015}}</ref> |- | Takaff | {{convert|9,250|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10650|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10900|ft|m|abbr=on}} | {{convert|10900|ft|m|abbr=on}} | 10,700&nbsp;ft (3,260 m) | {{convert|10200|ft|m|abbr=on}} |} {{notelist}} ==References== {{reflist}} [[Category:Boeing aircraft]] [[Category:Boeing 747]] [[Category:Unitit States airliners 1960–1969]] [[Category:Quadjets]] r33vrbofymsbuymggv8v0ubokgwiftl 0 88769 917362 917048 2026-05-28T23:46:04Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 917362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name = Heath Ledger |image = Heath Ledger (Berlin Film Festival 2006) revised.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Heath Ledger at Berlin Film Festival in 2006 |birthname = Heathcliff Andrew Ledger |birthdate = {{birth date|1979|4|4|mf=n}} |birthplace = [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]] |deathdate = {{death date and age|2008|1|22|1979|4|4}} |deathplace = [[New York City]], [[New York]], [[United States]] |othername = |nationality = [[Australia]]n |religion = |ethnicity = [[White people|White]] |residence = [[New York City]] |television = [[Sweat (TV series)|Sweat]]<br>[[Home and Away]]<br>[[Roar (TV series)|Roar]] |partner = [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] (2005-07) |children = Matilda Ledger |parents = Kim Ledger<br>Sally (née Ramshaw) |afiawards = '''[[Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actor|International Award - Best Actor]]'''<br>2005 ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]'' |awards = [[#Awards and nominations|'''See Awards and nominations]] |imdbid = 0005132 }} '''Heathcliff Andrew Ledger''' (4 Aprile 1979 – 22 Januar 2008) wis an [[Academy Awaird]]-winnin Australian actor. Efter appearin on telly durin the 1990s, Ledger begound wirkin in [[Hollywood]] [[Film|films]]. He starned in mony films, includin ''[[The Patriot (2000 film)|The Patriot]]'', ''[[Monster's Ball]]'', an ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''. He pleyed [[Joker (comics)|The Joker]] in ''[[The Dark Knight (film)|The Dark Knight]]''. Ledger dee'd in [[New York Ceety]] on 22 Januar 2008<ref name=Timesobit>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger: The Times Obituary |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |work=The Times |location=UK |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |first=Michael |last=Savage |archive-date=2010-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524061030/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=NYTBarron>{{cite news |author=Barron, James |title=Heath Ledger, Actor, Is Found Dead at 28 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/23/movies/23ledger.html |work=The New York Times |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |authorlink=James Barron (journalist)}}</ref> frae an accidental [[Combined drog intoxication|intoxication frae prescription drogs]].<ref name=Chan>{{cite news |author=[[Sewell Chan|Chan, Sewell]] and [[James Barron (journalist)|James Barron]] (contributing) |title=City Room: Heath Ledger's Death Is Ruled an Accident |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/heath-ledgers-death-is-ruled-an-accident/ |work=The New York Times |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008}}</ref><ref name=CNNLedger>{{cite news |title=Ledger's Death Caused by Accidental Overdose |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110062154/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=APMSNBC>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger Died of Accidental Overdose: 28-Year-Old Actor Had Oxycodone, Anti-Anxiety, Sleep Aids in His System |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23029566/ |publisher=MSNBC |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 March 2008}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commons}} * {{imdb name|id=0005132|name=Heath Ledger}} * [http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ Heath Ledger comprehensive profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127142005/http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ |date=2008-01-27 }} * [http://www.nndb.com/people/204/000029117 Heath Ledger] at [[Notable Names Database]] * {{people.com}} * [http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html Heath Ledger comprehensive news & profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127105159/http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html |date=2008-01-27 }} at [[Daily Telegraph (Australia)]] * [http://www.gmanews.tv/story/77646/Timeline-of-Heath-Ledgers-career www.gmanews.tv, Timeline of Heath Ledger's career] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ledger, Heath}} [[Category:Heath Ledger| ]] [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:2008 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Australie expatriate male actors in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Australie film actors]] [[Category:Australie male film actors]] [[Category:Australie male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Australie muisic video directors]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Karrakatta Cemetery]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Male actors frae Perth, Wastren Australie]] [[Category:Method actors]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Male Actor in a Supportin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Guildford Grammar School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Boerum Hill, Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae SoHo, Manhattan]] [[Category:Rock Eisteddfod Challenge pairteecipants]] 6vka3qxkoyek5gdirfo2yo9sofzouno 917363 917362 2026-05-28T23:46:18Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917363 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name = Heath Ledger |image = Heath Ledger (Berlin Film Festival 2006) revised.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Heath Ledger at Berlin Film Festival in 2006 |birthname = Heathcliff Andrew Ledger |birthdate = {{birth date|1979|4|4|mf=n}} |birthplace = [[Perth, Western Australia|Perth]], [[Western Australia]], [[Australia]] |deathdate = {{death date and age|2008|1|22|1979|4|4}} |deathplace = [[New York City]], [[New York]], [[United States]] |othername = |nationality = [[Australia]]n |religion = |ethnicity = [[White people|White]] |residence = [[New York City]] |television = [[Sweat (TV series)|Sweat]]<br>[[Home and Away]]<br>[[Roar (TV series)|Roar]] |partner = [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] (2005-07) |children = Matilda Ledger |parents = Kim Ledger<br>Sally (née Ramshaw) |afiawards = '''[[Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actor|International Award - Best Actor]]'''<br>2005 ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]'' |awards = [[#Awards and nominations|'''See Awards and nominations]] |imdbid = 0005132 }} '''Heathcliff Andrew Ledger''' (4 Aprile 1979 – 22 Januar 2008) wis an [[Academy Awaird]]-winnin Australian actor. Efter appearin on telly durin the 1990s, Ledger begound wirkin in [[Hollywood]] [[Film|films]]. He starned in mony films, includin ''[[The Patriot (2000 film)|The Patriot]]'', ''[[Monster's Ball]]'', an ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''. He pleyed [[Joker (comics)|The Joker]] in ''[[The Dark Knight]]''. Ledger dee'd in [[New York Ceety]] on 22 Januar 2008<ref name=Timesobit>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger: The Times Obituary |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |work=The Times |location=UK |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |first=Michael |last=Savage |archive-date=2010-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524061030/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=NYTBarron>{{cite news |author=Barron, James |title=Heath Ledger, Actor, Is Found Dead at 28 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/23/movies/23ledger.html |work=The New York Times |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |authorlink=James Barron (journalist)}}</ref> frae an accidental [[Combined drog intoxication|intoxication frae prescription drogs]].<ref name=Chan>{{cite news |author=[[Sewell Chan|Chan, Sewell]] and [[James Barron (journalist)|James Barron]] (contributing) |title=City Room: Heath Ledger's Death Is Ruled an Accident |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/heath-ledgers-death-is-ruled-an-accident/ |work=The New York Times |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008}}</ref><ref name=CNNLedger>{{cite news |title=Ledger's Death Caused by Accidental Overdose |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110062154/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=APMSNBC>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger Died of Accidental Overdose: 28-Year-Old Actor Had Oxycodone, Anti-Anxiety, Sleep Aids in His System |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23029566/ |publisher=MSNBC |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 March 2008}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commons}} * {{imdb name|id=0005132|name=Heath Ledger}} * [http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ Heath Ledger comprehensive profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127142005/http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ |date=2008-01-27 }} * [http://www.nndb.com/people/204/000029117 Heath Ledger] at [[Notable Names Database]] * {{people.com}} * [http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html Heath Ledger comprehensive news & profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127105159/http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html |date=2008-01-27 }} at [[Daily Telegraph (Australia)]] * [http://www.gmanews.tv/story/77646/Timeline-of-Heath-Ledgers-career www.gmanews.tv, Timeline of Heath Ledger's career] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ledger, Heath}} [[Category:Heath Ledger| ]] [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:2008 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Australie expatriate male actors in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Australie film actors]] [[Category:Australie male film actors]] [[Category:Australie male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Australie muisic video directors]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Karrakatta Cemetery]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Male actors frae Perth, Wastren Australie]] [[Category:Method actors]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Male Actor in a Supportin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Guildford Grammar School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Boerum Hill, Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae SoHo, Manhattan]] [[Category:Rock Eisteddfod Challenge pairteecipants]] guco4dxdy2sur4l4h8jbbbiagbafd3i 917364 917363 2026-05-28T23:50:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 917364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |name = Heath Ledger |image = Heath Ledger (Berlin Film Festival 2006) revised.jpg |imagesize = |caption = Heath Ledger at Berlin Film Fest in 2006 |birthname = Heathcliff Andrew Ledger |birthdate = {{birth date|1979|4|4|mf=n}} |birthplace = [[Perth]], [[Wastren Austrailie]], [[Austrailie]] |deathdate = {{death date and age|2008|1|22|1979|4|4}} |deathplace = [[New York Ceety]], [[New York]], [[Unitit States]] |residence = [[New York Ceety]] |television = ''[[Sweat (TV series)|Sweat]]''<br>''[[Home and Away]]''<br>''[[Roar (TV series)|Roar]]'' |partner = [[Michelle Williams (actress)|Michelle Williams]] (2005-07) |children = Matilda Ledger |parents = Kim Ledger<br>Sally (née Ramshaw) |afiawards = '''[[Australian Film Institute International Award for Best Actor|International Award - Best Actor]]'''<br>2005 ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]'' |awards = [[#Awards and nominations|'''See Awards and nominations]] |imdbid = 0005132 }} '''Heathcliff Andrew Ledger''' (4 Aprile 1979 – 22 Januar 2008) wis an [[Academy Awaird]]-winnin Australian actor. Efter appearin on telly durin the 1990s, Ledger begound wirkin in [[Hollywood]] [[Film|films]]. He starned in mony films, includin ''[[The Patriot (2000 film)|The Patriot]]'', ''[[Monster's Ball]]'', an ''[[Brokeback Mountain]]''. He pleyed [[Joker (comics)|The Joker]] in ''[[The Dark Knight]]''. Ledger dee'd in [[New York Ceety]] on 22 Januar 2008<ref name=Timesobit>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger: The Times Obituary |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |work=The Times |location=UK |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |first=Michael |last=Savage |archive-date=2010-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100524061030/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article3237974.ece |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=NYTBarron>{{cite news |author=Barron, James |title=Heath Ledger, Actor, Is Found Dead at 28 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/23/movies/23ledger.html |work=The New York Times |date=23 January 2008 |accessdate=27 April 2008 |authorlink=James Barron (journalist)}}</ref> frae an accidental [[Combined drog intoxication|intoxication frae prescription drogs]].<ref name=Chan>{{cite news |author=[[Sewell Chan|Chan, Sewell]] and [[James Barron (journalist)|James Barron]] (contributing) |title=City Room: Heath Ledger's Death Is Ruled an Accident |url=http://cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/02/06/heath-ledgers-death-is-ruled-an-accident/ |work=The New York Times |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008}}</ref><ref name=CNNLedger>{{cite news |title=Ledger's Death Caused by Accidental Overdose |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |publisher=CNN |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 August 2008 |archive-date=2010-01-10 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100110062154/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Movies/02/06/heath.ledger/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name=APMSNBC>{{cite news |title=Heath Ledger Died of Accidental Overdose: 28-Year-Old Actor Had Oxycodone, Anti-Anxiety, Sleep Aids in His System |url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23029566/ |publisher=MSNBC |date=6 February 2008 |accessdate=17 March 2008}}</ref> ==References== {{reflist}} ==Ither wabsteids== {{commons}} * {{imdb name|id=0005132|name=Heath Ledger}} * [http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ Heath Ledger comprehensive profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127142005/http://themovie-fanatic.com/spotlights/stars/heath_ledger/ |date=2008-01-27 }} * [http://www.nndb.com/people/204/000029117 Heath Ledger] at [[Notable Names Database]] * {{people.com}} * [http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html Heath Ledger comprehensive news & profile] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080127105159/http://www.news.com.au/dailytelegraph/confidential/indepth/feature/0,22045,5015791,00.html |date=2008-01-27 }} at [[Daily Telegraph (Australia)]] * [http://www.gmanews.tv/story/77646/Timeline-of-Heath-Ledgers-career www.gmanews.tv, Timeline of Heath Ledger's career] {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ledger, Heath}} [[Category:Heath Ledger| ]] [[Category:1979 births]] [[Category:2008 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:21st-century Australie male actors]] [[Category:Accidental daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Australie expatriate male actors in the Unitit States]] [[Category:Australie film actors]] [[Category:Australie male film actors]] [[Category:Australie male televeesion actors]] [[Category:Australie muisic video directors]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:Australie fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Academy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Buirials at Karrakatta Cemetery]] [[Category:Drog-relatit daiths in New York (state)]] [[Category:Male actors frae Perth, Wastren Australie]] [[Category:Method actors]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Male Actor in a Supportin Role Screen Actors Guild Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Guildford Grammar School]] [[Category:Fowk frae Boerum Hill, Brooklyn]] [[Category:Fowk frae SoHo, Manhattan]] [[Category:Rock Eisteddfod Challenge pairteecipants]] 0q98qgtx6z7o3hjhjn7d0w0mzdxp19j 0 126622 917371 912041 2026-05-29T00:04:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=September 2020}} '''Appen warld''' is a term fur [[Video gemme|video gemmes]] whaur a player kin shift freely throu a virtual warld<ref>{{Cite web|last=kotakuaustralia|date=2008-07-14|title=Pandemic Working On New 'Open World / Sandbox' IP|url=https://www.kotaku.com.au/2008/07/pandemic_working_on_new_open_world_sandbox_ip/|access-date=2024-06-27|website=Kotaku Australia|language=en-AU|archive-date=2018-06-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612162413/https://www.kotaku.com.au/2008/07/pandemic_working_on_new_open_world_sandbox_ip/|url-status=dead}}</ref> an is gien freedom in chuisin howfur or whin tae approach objectives, as opposed tae ither computer gemmes that hae a mair linear structure.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2008-05-26|title=Feature: The complete history of open-world games (part 2) - ComputerAndVideoGames.com|url=http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=189599|access-date=2024-06-27|website=web.archive.org|archive-date=2008-05-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080526073334/http://www.computerandvideogames.com/article.php?id=189599|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> ''Open world'' an ''free-roaming'' suggest the absence o fake barriers, or the invisible waws an loadin screens that ur common in linear level designs. Generally open world gemmes aye enforce mony restrictions in the gemm environment, either fur o absolute technical limitations or in-gemm limitations (sic as locked areas) imposed bi a gemme's linearity. Examples o heich level o autonomy in computer gemmes kin be fun in massively multiplayer online role-playing gemmes (MMORPG)<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/ocm65202343|title=Avatars at work and play: collaboration and interaction in shared virtual environments|date=2006|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4020-3883-9|editor-last=Schroeder|editor-first=Ralph|series=Computer supported cooperative work|location=Dordrecht, the Netherlands|pages=187–207|oclc=ocm65202343|editor-last2=Axelsson|editor-first2=Ann-Sofie}}</ref> or in ither gemmes adherin tae the open world concept. Thair main appeal is thay gie a simulated reality an allou players tae develop thair character an its behaviour in the direction o thair chuisin. In thae cases, thare is aften na concrete goal or end tae the gemme. Thare ur limitations tae this autonomy throu the rules o the simulation an its limitations.<ref>{{Cite news|date=2005-12-31|title=Towards games with the wow factor|language=en-GB|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4553620.stm|access-date=2024-06-27}}</ref> But the direction o gemmplay kin nae ayeweys rely ultimately upon the decision o the player, or be completely controllable bi the player, the type depends on the requirements an availabilities o the gemme. == Gemmplay an design == An open world is a level or gemme designed as a nonlinear, open areas wi mony ways tae reach an objective.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Poole|first=Steven|title=Trigger happy: videogames and the entertainment revolution|date=2004|publisher=Arcade Publ|isbn=978-1-55970-598-1|edition=1. U.S. ed. 2000, afterword c2004|location=New York, NY|pages=101}}</ref> Some gemmes are designed wi baith traditional an open world levels. An open world facilitates greater exploration than a series o smawer levels, or a level wi mair linear challenges.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kohler|first=Chris|title=Assassin's Creed And The Future Of Sandbox Games|language=en-US|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2008/01/assassins-creed-2/|access-date=2024-06-27|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Reviewers hae judged the quality o an open world based on whither thare are interesting ways fur the player tae interact wi the broader level whin thay dingy ha thair main objective. Some gemms actually uise real settings tae model an open world, sic as [[New York Ceety|New York City]]. A major design challenge is tae balance the freedom o an open world wi the structure o a dramatic storyline. Sin players kin perform actions that the gemme designer didnae expect, the gemme's writers maun find creative weys tae impose a storyline on the player athoot interfering wi thair freedom. As sic, gemmes wi open worlds wull whiles break the gemme's story intae a series o missions, or hae a muckle simpler storyline altogether. Ither gemmes instead gie side-missions tae the player that daenae disrupt the main storyline. Maist open world gemmes mak the character a blank slate that players kin project thair ain thochts ontae, awtho loads o gemmes sic as ''Landstalker: The Treasures o King Nole'' offer mair character development an dialogue. Gemmes wi open worlds typically gie players infinite bides or continues, awtho gemmes like ''Blaster Master'' force the player tae stairt fae the oncome shuid thay die tae mony times. Thare is a risk that players kin gae awa as thay explore an open world; tharefore designers whiles hae a go tae break the open world intae manageable sections.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-01-19|title=The Four-Decade History of Open World Games|url=https://kotaku.com/the-four-decade-history-of-open-world-games-1680367028|access-date=2024-06-27|website=Kotaku|language=en}}</ref> == See an aw == * [[Gemme]] * [[Video gemme]] * [[Computin]] * [[Aluminium]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Computer Gemmes]] oocg9q7fsdd9c7x5tceyy9o08hcxnky 917372 917371 2026-05-29T00:19:36Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Airticle impruivement 917372 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=September 2020}} In video gemmes, an '''appen world''' is a virtual warld in that the pleyer can approach objectives freely, as opponed tae a warld wi mair linear an structured gemmepley. Kenspeckle gemmes in this category include ''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' (2004), ''Red Dead Redemption 2'' (2018), an ''Minecraft'' (2011). Gemmes wi appen or free-roamin warlds teepically lack leivel structurs lik waws an lacked duirs, or the inveesible waws in mair appen areas that prevent the pleyer frae venturin beyond thaim; anly at the boonds o an appen-warld gemme will pleyers be limitit bi geographic featurs lik vast oceans or impassable moontains. Pleyers teepically dae nae encoonter loadin screens common in linear leivel designs whan muivin aboot the gemme warld, wi the appen-warld gemme uisin strategic storage an memory techniques tae load the gemme warld dynamically an seamlessly. Appen-warld gemmes aye enforce mony restrictions in the gemme environment, either acause o absolute technical limitations or in-gemme limitations imponed bi a gemme's linearity. Whiles the appenness o the gemme warld is an important facet tae gemmes featurin appen warlds, the main draw o appen-warld gemmes is aboot providin the pleyer wi autonomy—nae sae muckle the freedom tae dae onything thay want in the gemme (that is nearly impossible wi current computin technologie), but the abeelity tae chuise hou tae approach the gemme an its challenges in the order an manner as the pleyer desires whiles aye constrained bi gemmepley rules. Ensaumples o heich leivel o autonomy in computer gemmes can be foond in massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemmes (MMORPG) or in single-pleyer gemmes adherin tae the appen-warld concept sic as the ''Fallout'' series. The main appeal o appen-warld gemmepley is that it provides a simulatit reality an allous pleyers tae develop thair chairacter an its behaviour in the direction an pace o thair awn chuisin. In thir cases, thare is aften nae concrete goal or end tae the game, awthou thare mey be the main storyline, sic as wi gemmes lik ''The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim''. == Gemmplay an design == An open world is a level or gemme designed as a nonlinear, open areas wi mony ways tae reach an objective.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Poole|first=Steven|title=Trigger happy: videogames and the entertainment revolution|date=2004|publisher=Arcade Publ|isbn=978-1-55970-598-1|edition=1. U.S. ed. 2000, afterword c2004|location=New York, NY|pages=101}}</ref> Some gemmes are designed wi baith traditional an open world levels. An open world facilitates greater exploration than a series o smawer levels, or a level wi mair linear challenges.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Kohler|first=Chris|title=Assassin's Creed And The Future Of Sandbox Games|language=en-US|work=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/2008/01/assassins-creed-2/|access-date=2024-06-27|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> Reviewers hae judged the quality o an open world based on whither thare are interesting ways fur the player tae interact wi the broader level whin thay dingy ha thair main objective. Some gemms actually uise real settings tae model an open world, sic as [[New York Ceety|New York City]]. A major design challenge is tae balance the freedom o an open world wi the structure o a dramatic storyline. Sin players kin perform actions that the gemme designer didnae expect, the gemme's writers maun find creative weys tae impose a storyline on the player athoot interfering wi thair freedom. As sic, gemmes wi open worlds wull whiles break the gemme's story intae a series o missions, or hae a muckle simpler storyline altogether. Ither gemmes instead gie side-missions tae the player that daenae disrupt the main storyline. Maist open world gemmes mak the character a blank slate that players kin project thair ain thochts ontae, awtho loads o gemmes sic as ''Landstalker: The Treasures o King Nole'' offer mair character development an dialogue. Gemmes wi open worlds typically gie players infinite bides or continues, awtho gemmes like ''Blaster Master'' force the player tae stairt fae the oncome shuid thay die tae mony times. Thare is a risk that players kin gae awa as thay explore an open world; tharefore designers whiles hae a go tae break the open world intae manageable sections.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2015-01-19|title=The Four-Decade History of Open World Games|url=https://kotaku.com/the-four-decade-history-of-open-world-games-1680367028|access-date=2024-06-27|website=Kotaku|language=en}}</ref> == See an aw == * [[Gemme]] * [[Video gemme]] * [[Computin]] * [[Aluminium]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Computer Gemmes]] aa36h5fn37ctp2xgaacsm89latfn7of 917373 917372 2026-05-29T00:43:39Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Airticle impruivement 917373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=September 2020}} In video gemmes, an '''appen world''' is a virtual warld in that the pleyer can approach objectives freely, as opponed tae a warld wi mair linear an structured gemmepley. Kenspeckle gemmes in this category include ''Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas'' (2004), ''Red Dead Redemption 2'' (2018), an ''Minecraft'' (2011). Gemmes wi appen or free-roamin warlds teepically lack leivel structurs lik waws an lacked duirs, or the inveesible waws in mair appen areas that prevent the pleyer frae venturin beyond thaim; anly at the boonds o an appen-warld gemme will pleyers be limitit bi geographic featurs lik vast oceans or impassable moontains. Pleyers teepically dae nae encoonter loadin screens common in linear leivel designs whan muivin aboot the gemme warld, wi the appen-warld gemme uisin strategic storage an memory techniques tae load the gemme warld dynamically an seamlessly. Appen-warld gemmes aye enforce mony restrictions in the gemme environment, either acause o absolute technical limitations or in-gemme limitations imponed bi a gemme's linearity. Whiles the appenness o the gemme warld is an important facet tae gemmes featurin appen warlds, the main draw o appen-warld gemmes is aboot providin the pleyer wi autonomy—nae sae muckle the freedom tae dae onything thay want in the gemme (that is nearly impossible wi current computin technologie), but the abeelity tae chuise hou tae approach the gemme an its challenges in the order an manner as the pleyer desires whiles aye constrained bi gemmepley rules. Ensaumples o heich leivel o autonomy in computer gemmes can be foond in massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemmes (MMORPG) or in single-pleyer gemmes adherin tae the appen-warld concept sic as the ''Fallout'' series. The main appeal o appen-warld gemmepley is that it provides a simulatit reality an allous pleyers tae develop thair chairacter an its behaviour in the direction an pace o thair awn chuisin. In thir cases, thare is aften nae concrete goal or end tae the game, awthou thare mey be the main storyline, sic as wi gemmes lik ''The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim''. == Gemmepley an design == An appen warld is a leivel or gemme designed as nonlinear, appen areas wi mony weys tae reach an objective. Some gemmes are designed wi baith tradeetional an appen-warld leivels. An appen warld faceelitates muckler sploration nor a series o smawer leivels, or a leivel wi mair linear challenges. Reviewers hae judged the quality o an appen warld based on whether thare are interestin weys fur the pleyer tae interact wi the braider leivel whan thay ignore thair main objective. Some gemmes actually uise real settins tae model an appen warld, sic as New York Ceety. A major design challenge is tae balance the freedom o an appen warld wi the structur o a dramatic storyline. Syne pleyers mey perform actions that the gemme designer did nae expect, the gemme's writers maun find creative weys tae impose a storyline on the pleyer wioot interferin wi thair freedom. As sic, gemmes wi appen warlds will whiles brak the gemme's story intae a series o missions, or hae a muckler sempler storyline altogether. Ither gemmes insteid affer side-missions tae the pleyer that dae nae disrupt the main storyline. Maist appen-warld gemmes mak the chairacter a blank slate that pleyers can projeck thair awn thouchts ontae, awthou seevral gemmes sic as ''Landstalker: The Treasures of King Nole'' affer mair chairacter development an collogue. Writin in 2005, David Braben descrieved the narrative structur o current video gemmes as "wee different tae the stories o thaim Harold Lloyd films o the 1920s", an considered genuinely appen-endit stories tae be the "Holy Grail" fur the fift generation o gemmin. Gemmepley designer Manveer Heir, wha wirkit on ''Mass Effect 3'' an ''Mass Effect: Andromeda'' fur Electronic Arts, said that thare are difficulties in the design o an appen-warld gemme syne it is difficult tae predict hou pleyers will approach solvin gemmepley challenges affered bi a design, in contrast tae a linear progression, an needs tae be a factor in the gemme's development frae its onset. Heir opined that some o the creetical dwinins o ''Andromeda'' wis owin tae the appen warld bein eikit late in development. Some appen-warld gemmes, tae guide the pleyer towards major story events, dae nae provide the warld's entire cairt at the stairt o the gemme, but require the pleyer tae complete a task tae obteen pairt o that cairt, aften identifyin missions an pynts o interest whan thay view the cairt. This haes been derogatorily referred tae as "Ubisoft touers", as this mechanic wis promotit in Ubisoft's ''Assassin's Creed'' series (the pleyer climbin a lairge touer as tae observe the laundscape aroond it an identify weypynts nearby) an reuised in ither Ubisoft gemmes, includin ''Far Cry'', ''Might & Magic X: Legacy'' an ''Watch Dogs''. Ither gemmes that uise this approach include ''Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor'', ''The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild'', an ''Marvel's Spider-Man''. Rockstar gemmes lik ''GTA: San Andreas'' an ''GTA IV'' series lock oot sections o the cairt as "barricaded bi law enforcement" till a speceefic pynt in the story haes been reached. == See an aw == * [[Gemme]] * [[Video gemme]] * [[Computin]] * [[Aluminium]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Computer Gemmes]] g5dc40sduhnbxy8vh02cvkgwt73s72u 917375 917373 2026-05-29T00:53:21Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=September 2020}} In [[Video gemme|video gemmes]], an '''appen world''' is a [[virtual warld]] in that the [[Gemmer|pleyer]] can approach objectives freely, as opponed tae a warld wi mair linear an structured [[gemmepley]]. Kenspeckle gemmes in this category include ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' (2004), ''[[Red Dead Redemption 2]]'' (2018), an ''[[Minecraft]]'' (2011). Gemmes wi appen or free-roamin warlds teepically lack leivel structurs lik waws an lacked duirs, or the [[Inveesible waw|inveesible waws]] in mair appen areas that prevent the pleyer frae venturin beyond thaim; anly at the boonds o an appen-warld gemme will pleyers be limitit bi geographic featurs lik vast oceans or impassable moontains. Pleyers teepically dae nae encoonter loadin screens common in linear leivel designs whan muivin aboot the gemme warld, wi the appen-warld gemme uisin strategic storage an memory techniques tae load the gemme warld dynamically an seamlessly. Appen-warld gemmes aye enforce mony restrictions in the gemme environment, either acause o absolute technical limitations or in-gemme limitations imponed bi a gemme's linearity. Whiles the appenness o the gemme warld is an important facet tae gemmes featurin appen warlds, the main draw o appen-warld gemmes is aboot providin the pleyer wi [[autonomy]]—nae sae muckle the freedom tae dae onything thay want in the gemme (that is nearly impossible wi current computin technologie), but the abeelity tae chuise hou tae approach the gemme an its challenges in the order an manner as the pleyer desires whiles aye constrained bi gemmepley rules. Ensaumples o heich leivel o autonomy in computer gemmes can be foond in [[Massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemme|massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemmes]] (MMORPG) or in single-pleyer gemmes adherin tae the appen-warld concept sic as the ''[[Fallout (franchise)|Fallout]]'' series. The main appeal o appen-warld gemmepley is that it provides a simulatit reality an allous pleyers tae develop thair chairacter an its behaviour in the direction an pace o thair awn chuisin. In thir cases, thare is aften nae concrete goal or end tae the game, awthou thare mey be the main storyline, sic as wi gemmes lik ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]''. == Gemmepley an design == An appen warld is a [[Leivel (video gemmes)|leivel]] or gemme designed as [[Nonlinear gemmepley|nonlinear]], appen areas wi mony weys tae reach an objective. Some gemmes are designed wi baith tradeetional an appen-warld leivels. An appen warld faceelitates muckler sploration nor a series o smawer leivels, or a leivel wi mair linear challenges. Reviewers hae judged the quality o an appen warld based on whether thare are interestin weys fur the pleyer tae interact wi the braider leivel whan thay ignore thair main objective. Some gemmes actually uise real settins tae model an appen warld, sic as [[New York Ceety]]. A major design challenge is tae balance the freedom o an appen warld wi the structur o a dramatic storyline. Syne pleyers mey perform actions that the gemme designer [[Emergent gemmepley|did nae expect]], the gemme's writers maun find creative weys tae impose a storyline on the pleyer wioot interferin wi thair freedom. As sic, gemmes wi appen warlds will whiles brak the gemme's story intae a series o missions, or hae a muckler sempler storyline altogether. Ither gemmes insteid affer side-missions tae the pleyer that dae nae disrupt the main storyline. Maist appen-warld gemmes mak the chairacter a blank slate that pleyers can projeck thair awn thouchts ontae, awthou seevral gemmes sic as ''[[Landstalker|Landstalker: The Treasures of King Nole]]'' affer mair chairacter development an collogue. Writin in 2005, [[David Braben]] descrieved the narrative structur o current video gemmes as "wee different tae the stories o thaim [[Harold Lloyd]] films o the 1920s", an considered genuinely appen-endit stories tae be the "Holy Grail" fur the fift generation o gemmin. Gemmepley designer Manveer Heir, wha wirkit on ''[[Mass Effect 3]]'' an ''[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]'' fur [[Electronic Arts]], said that thare are difficulties in the design o an appen-warld gemme syne it is difficult tae predict hou pleyers will approach solvin gemmepley challenges affered bi a design, in contrast tae a linear progression, an needs tae be a factor in the gemme's development frae its onset. Heir opined that some o the creetical dwinins o ''Andromeda'' wis owin tae the appen warld bein eikit late in development. Some appen-warld gemmes, tae guide the pleyer towards major story events, dae nae provide the warld's entire cairt at the stairt o the gemme, but require the pleyer tae complete a task tae obteen pairt o that cairt, aften identifyin missions an pynts o interest whan thay view the cairt. This haes been derogatorily referred tae as "[[Ubisoft]] touers", as this mechanic wis promotit in Ubisoft's ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' series (the pleyer climbin a lairge touer as tae observe the laundscape aroond it an identify weypynts nearby) an reuised in ither Ubisoft gemmes, includin ''[[Far Cry]]'', ''[[Might & Magic X: Legacy]]'' an ''[[Watch Dogs]]''. Ither gemmes that uise this approach include ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild]]'', an ''[[Marvel's Spider-Man (video gemme)|Marvel's Spider-Man]]''. [[Rockstar Games|Rockstar]] gemmes lik ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas|GTA: San Andreas]]'' an ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV|GTA IV]]'' series lock oot sections o the cairt as "barricaded bi law enforcement" till a speceefic pynt in the story haes been reached. == See an aw == * [[Gemme]] * [[Video gemme]] * [[Computin]] * [[Aluminium]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Computer Gemmes]] tmtoxto8rr8dmmdypkneqj4h9rzrf8s 917376 917375 2026-05-29T00:54:56Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Open world]] til [[Appen warld]]: Misspelt title 917375 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=September 2020}} In [[Video gemme|video gemmes]], an '''appen world''' is a [[virtual warld]] in that the [[Gemmer|pleyer]] can approach objectives freely, as opponed tae a warld wi mair linear an structured [[gemmepley]]. Kenspeckle gemmes in this category include ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' (2004), ''[[Red Dead Redemption 2]]'' (2018), an ''[[Minecraft]]'' (2011). Gemmes wi appen or free-roamin warlds teepically lack leivel structurs lik waws an lacked duirs, or the [[Inveesible waw|inveesible waws]] in mair appen areas that prevent the pleyer frae venturin beyond thaim; anly at the boonds o an appen-warld gemme will pleyers be limitit bi geographic featurs lik vast oceans or impassable moontains. Pleyers teepically dae nae encoonter loadin screens common in linear leivel designs whan muivin aboot the gemme warld, wi the appen-warld gemme uisin strategic storage an memory techniques tae load the gemme warld dynamically an seamlessly. Appen-warld gemmes aye enforce mony restrictions in the gemme environment, either acause o absolute technical limitations or in-gemme limitations imponed bi a gemme's linearity. Whiles the appenness o the gemme warld is an important facet tae gemmes featurin appen warlds, the main draw o appen-warld gemmes is aboot providin the pleyer wi [[autonomy]]—nae sae muckle the freedom tae dae onything thay want in the gemme (that is nearly impossible wi current computin technologie), but the abeelity tae chuise hou tae approach the gemme an its challenges in the order an manner as the pleyer desires whiles aye constrained bi gemmepley rules. Ensaumples o heich leivel o autonomy in computer gemmes can be foond in [[Massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemme|massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemmes]] (MMORPG) or in single-pleyer gemmes adherin tae the appen-warld concept sic as the ''[[Fallout (franchise)|Fallout]]'' series. The main appeal o appen-warld gemmepley is that it provides a simulatit reality an allous pleyers tae develop thair chairacter an its behaviour in the direction an pace o thair awn chuisin. In thir cases, thare is aften nae concrete goal or end tae the game, awthou thare mey be the main storyline, sic as wi gemmes lik ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]''. == Gemmepley an design == An appen warld is a [[Leivel (video gemmes)|leivel]] or gemme designed as [[Nonlinear gemmepley|nonlinear]], appen areas wi mony weys tae reach an objective. Some gemmes are designed wi baith tradeetional an appen-warld leivels. An appen warld faceelitates muckler sploration nor a series o smawer leivels, or a leivel wi mair linear challenges. Reviewers hae judged the quality o an appen warld based on whether thare are interestin weys fur the pleyer tae interact wi the braider leivel whan thay ignore thair main objective. Some gemmes actually uise real settins tae model an appen warld, sic as [[New York Ceety]]. A major design challenge is tae balance the freedom o an appen warld wi the structur o a dramatic storyline. Syne pleyers mey perform actions that the gemme designer [[Emergent gemmepley|did nae expect]], the gemme's writers maun find creative weys tae impose a storyline on the pleyer wioot interferin wi thair freedom. As sic, gemmes wi appen warlds will whiles brak the gemme's story intae a series o missions, or hae a muckler sempler storyline altogether. Ither gemmes insteid affer side-missions tae the pleyer that dae nae disrupt the main storyline. Maist appen-warld gemmes mak the chairacter a blank slate that pleyers can projeck thair awn thouchts ontae, awthou seevral gemmes sic as ''[[Landstalker|Landstalker: The Treasures of King Nole]]'' affer mair chairacter development an collogue. Writin in 2005, [[David Braben]] descrieved the narrative structur o current video gemmes as "wee different tae the stories o thaim [[Harold Lloyd]] films o the 1920s", an considered genuinely appen-endit stories tae be the "Holy Grail" fur the fift generation o gemmin. Gemmepley designer Manveer Heir, wha wirkit on ''[[Mass Effect 3]]'' an ''[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]'' fur [[Electronic Arts]], said that thare are difficulties in the design o an appen-warld gemme syne it is difficult tae predict hou pleyers will approach solvin gemmepley challenges affered bi a design, in contrast tae a linear progression, an needs tae be a factor in the gemme's development frae its onset. Heir opined that some o the creetical dwinins o ''Andromeda'' wis owin tae the appen warld bein eikit late in development. Some appen-warld gemmes, tae guide the pleyer towards major story events, dae nae provide the warld's entire cairt at the stairt o the gemme, but require the pleyer tae complete a task tae obteen pairt o that cairt, aften identifyin missions an pynts o interest whan thay view the cairt. This haes been derogatorily referred tae as "[[Ubisoft]] touers", as this mechanic wis promotit in Ubisoft's ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' series (the pleyer climbin a lairge touer as tae observe the laundscape aroond it an identify weypynts nearby) an reuised in ither Ubisoft gemmes, includin ''[[Far Cry]]'', ''[[Might & Magic X: Legacy]]'' an ''[[Watch Dogs]]''. Ither gemmes that uise this approach include ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild]]'', an ''[[Marvel's Spider-Man (video gemme)|Marvel's Spider-Man]]''. [[Rockstar Games|Rockstar]] gemmes lik ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas|GTA: San Andreas]]'' an ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV|GTA IV]]'' series lock oot sections o the cairt as "barricaded bi law enforcement" till a speceefic pynt in the story haes been reached. == See an aw == * [[Gemme]] * [[Video gemme]] * [[Computin]] * [[Aluminium]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Computer Gemmes]] tmtoxto8rr8dmmdypkneqj4h9rzrf8s 917380 917376 2026-05-29T00:56:50Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fix Scots|date=September 2020}} [[File:A Short Hike Screenshot 5.png|thumb|Photae o the 2019 video gemme ''[[A Short Hike]]'', in that the pleyer can freely splore the gemme warld]]In [[Video gemme|video gemmes]], an '''appen world''' is a [[virtual warld]] in that the [[Gemmer|pleyer]] can approach objectives freely, as opponed tae a warld wi mair linear an structured [[gemmepley]]. Kenspeckle gemmes in this category include ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' (2004), ''[[Red Dead Redemption 2]]'' (2018), an ''[[Minecraft]]'' (2011). Gemmes wi appen or free-roamin warlds teepically lack leivel structurs lik waws an lacked duirs, or the [[Inveesible waw|inveesible waws]] in mair appen areas that prevent the pleyer frae venturin beyond thaim; anly at the boonds o an appen-warld gemme will pleyers be limitit bi geographic featurs lik vast oceans or impassable moontains. Pleyers teepically dae nae encoonter loadin screens common in linear leivel designs whan muivin aboot the gemme warld, wi the appen-warld gemme uisin strategic storage an memory techniques tae load the gemme warld dynamically an seamlessly. Appen-warld gemmes aye enforce mony restrictions in the gemme environment, either acause o absolute technical limitations or in-gemme limitations imponed bi a gemme's linearity. Whiles the appenness o the gemme warld is an important facet tae gemmes featurin appen warlds, the main draw o appen-warld gemmes is aboot providin the pleyer wi [[autonomy]]—nae sae muckle the freedom tae dae onything thay want in the gemme (that is nearly impossible wi current computin technologie), but the abeelity tae chuise hou tae approach the gemme an its challenges in the order an manner as the pleyer desires whiles aye constrained bi gemmepley rules. Ensaumples o heich leivel o autonomy in computer gemmes can be foond in [[Massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemme|massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemmes]] (MMORPG) or in single-pleyer gemmes adherin tae the appen-warld concept sic as the ''[[Fallout (franchise)|Fallout]]'' series. The main appeal o appen-warld gemmepley is that it provides a simulatit reality an allous pleyers tae develop thair chairacter an its behaviour in the direction an pace o thair awn chuisin. In thir cases, thare is aften nae concrete goal or end tae the game, awthou thare mey be the main storyline, sic as wi gemmes lik ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]''. == Gemmepley an design == An appen warld is a [[Leivel (video gemmes)|leivel]] or gemme designed as [[Nonlinear gemmepley|nonlinear]], appen areas wi mony weys tae reach an objective. Some gemmes are designed wi baith tradeetional an appen-warld leivels. An appen warld faceelitates muckler sploration nor a series o smawer leivels, or a leivel wi mair linear challenges. Reviewers hae judged the quality o an appen warld based on whether thare are interestin weys fur the pleyer tae interact wi the braider leivel whan thay ignore thair main objective. Some gemmes actually uise real settins tae model an appen warld, sic as [[New York Ceety]]. A major design challenge is tae balance the freedom o an appen warld wi the structur o a dramatic storyline. Syne pleyers mey perform actions that the gemme designer [[Emergent gemmepley|did nae expect]], the gemme's writers maun find creative weys tae impose a storyline on the pleyer wioot interferin wi thair freedom. As sic, gemmes wi appen warlds will whiles brak the gemme's story intae a series o missions, or hae a muckler sempler storyline altogether. Ither gemmes insteid affer side-missions tae the pleyer that dae nae disrupt the main storyline. Maist appen-warld gemmes mak the chairacter a blank slate that pleyers can projeck thair awn thouchts ontae, awthou seevral gemmes sic as ''[[Landstalker|Landstalker: The Treasures of King Nole]]'' affer mair chairacter development an collogue. Writin in 2005, [[David Braben]] descrieved the narrative structur o current video gemmes as "wee different tae the stories o thaim [[Harold Lloyd]] films o the 1920s", an considered genuinely appen-endit stories tae be the "Holy Grail" fur the fift generation o gemmin. Gemmepley designer Manveer Heir, wha wirkit on ''[[Mass Effect 3]]'' an ''[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]'' fur [[Electronic Arts]], said that thare are difficulties in the design o an appen-warld gemme syne it is difficult tae predict hou pleyers will approach solvin gemmepley challenges affered bi a design, in contrast tae a linear progression, an needs tae be a factor in the gemme's development frae its onset. Heir opined that some o the creetical dwinins o ''Andromeda'' wis owin tae the appen warld bein eikit late in development. Some appen-warld gemmes, tae guide the pleyer towards major story events, dae nae provide the warld's entire cairt at the stairt o the gemme, but require the pleyer tae complete a task tae obteen pairt o that cairt, aften identifyin missions an pynts o interest whan thay view the cairt. This haes been derogatorily referred tae as "[[Ubisoft]] touers", as this mechanic wis promotit in Ubisoft's ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' series (the pleyer climbin a lairge touer as tae observe the laundscape aroond it an identify weypynts nearby) an reuised in ither Ubisoft gemmes, includin ''[[Far Cry]]'', ''[[Might & Magic X: Legacy]]'' an ''[[Watch Dogs]]''. Ither gemmes that uise this approach include ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild]]'', an ''[[Marvel's Spider-Man (video gemme)|Marvel's Spider-Man]]''. [[Rockstar Games|Rockstar]] gemmes lik ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas|GTA: San Andreas]]'' an ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV|GTA IV]]'' series lock oot sections o the cairt as "barricaded bi law enforcement" till a speceefic pynt in the story haes been reached. == See an aw == * [[Gemme]] * [[Video gemme]] * [[Computin]] * [[Aluminium]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Computer Gemmes]] shsyy4jas0aqw30pjjz6q2az4vtnaoz 917381 917380 2026-05-29T00:57:17Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 fixscots tag remuived 917381 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:A Short Hike Screenshot 5.png|thumb|Photae o the 2019 video gemme ''[[A Short Hike]]'', in that the pleyer can freely splore the gemme warld]]In [[Video gemme|video gemmes]], an '''appen world''' is a [[virtual warld]] in that the [[Gemmer|pleyer]] can approach objectives freely, as opponed tae a warld wi mair linear an structured [[gemmepley]]. Kenspeckle gemmes in this category include ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]'' (2004), ''[[Red Dead Redemption 2]]'' (2018), an ''[[Minecraft]]'' (2011). Gemmes wi appen or free-roamin warlds teepically lack leivel structurs lik waws an lacked duirs, or the [[Inveesible waw|inveesible waws]] in mair appen areas that prevent the pleyer frae venturin beyond thaim; anly at the boonds o an appen-warld gemme will pleyers be limitit bi geographic featurs lik vast oceans or impassable moontains. Pleyers teepically dae nae encoonter loadin screens common in linear leivel designs whan muivin aboot the gemme warld, wi the appen-warld gemme uisin strategic storage an memory techniques tae load the gemme warld dynamically an seamlessly. Appen-warld gemmes aye enforce mony restrictions in the gemme environment, either acause o absolute technical limitations or in-gemme limitations imponed bi a gemme's linearity. Whiles the appenness o the gemme warld is an important facet tae gemmes featurin appen warlds, the main draw o appen-warld gemmes is aboot providin the pleyer wi [[autonomy]]—nae sae muckle the freedom tae dae onything thay want in the gemme (that is nearly impossible wi current computin technologie), but the abeelity tae chuise hou tae approach the gemme an its challenges in the order an manner as the pleyer desires whiles aye constrained bi gemmepley rules. Ensaumples o heich leivel o autonomy in computer gemmes can be foond in [[Massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemme|massively multipleyer onwab role-pleyin gemmes]] (MMORPG) or in single-pleyer gemmes adherin tae the appen-warld concept sic as the ''[[Fallout (franchise)|Fallout]]'' series. The main appeal o appen-warld gemmepley is that it provides a simulatit reality an allous pleyers tae develop thair chairacter an its behaviour in the direction an pace o thair awn chuisin. In thir cases, thare is aften nae concrete goal or end tae the game, awthou thare mey be the main storyline, sic as wi gemmes lik ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim]]''. == Gemmepley an design == An appen warld is a [[Leivel (video gemmes)|leivel]] or gemme designed as [[Nonlinear gemmepley|nonlinear]], appen areas wi mony weys tae reach an objective. Some gemmes are designed wi baith tradeetional an appen-warld leivels. An appen warld faceelitates muckler sploration nor a series o smawer leivels, or a leivel wi mair linear challenges. Reviewers hae judged the quality o an appen warld based on whether thare are interestin weys fur the pleyer tae interact wi the braider leivel whan thay ignore thair main objective. Some gemmes actually uise real settins tae model an appen warld, sic as [[New York Ceety]]. A major design challenge is tae balance the freedom o an appen warld wi the structur o a dramatic storyline. Syne pleyers mey perform actions that the gemme designer [[Emergent gemmepley|did nae expect]], the gemme's writers maun find creative weys tae impose a storyline on the pleyer wioot interferin wi thair freedom. As sic, gemmes wi appen warlds will whiles brak the gemme's story intae a series o missions, or hae a muckler sempler storyline altogether. Ither gemmes insteid affer side-missions tae the pleyer that dae nae disrupt the main storyline. Maist appen-warld gemmes mak the chairacter a blank slate that pleyers can projeck thair awn thouchts ontae, awthou seevral gemmes sic as ''[[Landstalker|Landstalker: The Treasures of King Nole]]'' affer mair chairacter development an collogue. Writin in 2005, [[David Braben]] descrieved the narrative structur o current video gemmes as "wee different tae the stories o thaim [[Harold Lloyd]] films o the 1920s", an considered genuinely appen-endit stories tae be the "Holy Grail" fur the fift generation o gemmin. Gemmepley designer Manveer Heir, wha wirkit on ''[[Mass Effect 3]]'' an ''[[Mass Effect: Andromeda]]'' fur [[Electronic Arts]], said that thare are difficulties in the design o an appen-warld gemme syne it is difficult tae predict hou pleyers will approach solvin gemmepley challenges affered bi a design, in contrast tae a linear progression, an needs tae be a factor in the gemme's development frae its onset. Heir opined that some o the creetical dwinins o ''Andromeda'' wis owin tae the appen warld bein eikit late in development. Some appen-warld gemmes, tae guide the pleyer towards major story events, dae nae provide the warld's entire cairt at the stairt o the gemme, but require the pleyer tae complete a task tae obteen pairt o that cairt, aften identifyin missions an pynts o interest whan thay view the cairt. This haes been derogatorily referred tae as "[[Ubisoft]] touers", as this mechanic wis promotit in Ubisoft's ''[[Assassin's Creed]]'' series (the pleyer climbin a lairge touer as tae observe the laundscape aroond it an identify weypynts nearby) an reuised in ither Ubisoft gemmes, includin ''[[Far Cry]]'', ''[[Might & Magic X: Legacy]]'' an ''[[Watch Dogs]]''. Ither gemmes that uise this approach include ''[[Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor]]'', ''[[The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild]]'', an ''[[Marvel's Spider-Man (video gemme)|Marvel's Spider-Man]]''. [[Rockstar Games|Rockstar]] gemmes lik ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas|GTA: San Andreas]]'' an ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV|GTA IV]]'' series lock oot sections o the cairt as "barricaded bi law enforcement" till a speceefic pynt in the story haes been reached. == See an aw == * [[Gemme]] * [[Video gemme]] * [[Computin]] * [[Aluminium]] == References == {{Reflist|2}} [[Category:Computer Gemmes]] k40rnt65kgop5vl5u192ab392fmayk2 1 127140 917378 492080 2026-05-29T00:54:56Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Collogue:Open world]] til [[Collogue:Appen warld]]: Misspelt title 492080 wikitext text/x-wiki {{talkpage}} g9i6v69vk0yls3vkoxf49buqqvh11a4 0 128442 917407 909372 2026-05-29T09:14:33Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917407 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} {{Infobox President | honorific-prefix = '''"His Excellency"'''<br>'''"General o the Revolution"''' | name = Emilio Aguinaldo | honorific-suffix = [[Quezon Service Cross|QSC]], [[Philippine Legion o Honor|PLH]] | image = Emilio Aguinaldo (ca. 1898).jpg | imagesize = | successor = '''Office nullified'''<br>[[Manuel Quezon]]<br>(As preses o the [[Commonweel o the Philippines|Commonweel]]) | title = [[Leet o Preses o the Philippines|1st]] [[Preses o the Philippines]] <br>{{small|[[First Philippine Republic|Preses o the First Republic]]<br>''[[Tejeros Convention|Preses o the Supreme Govrenment]]<br>[[Leet o unoffeecial Preses o the Philippines|Preses]] o [[Republic o Biak-na-Bato]]<br>[[Leet o unoffeecial Preses o the Philippines|Dictator]] o [[Dictatorship|Dictatorial govrenment]]<br>[[Leet o unoffeecial Preses o the Philippines|Preses]] o [[First Philippine Republic|the Revolutionary Govrenment]]''}} | term_start = Januar 23, 1899{{efn|Januar 23, 1899 wis the date o Aguinaldo's inauguration as first Preses of the [[First Philippine Republic]]. Previously, he held poseetions as Preses o a Revolutionary Govrenment frae Mairch 22, 1897 tae November 1, 1897, Preses o the Biak-na-Bato Republic frae November 2, 1897 tae December 15, 1897, Heid o a Dictatorial Govrenment frae Mey 24, 1898 tae Juin 22, 1898, an Preses o anither Revolutionary Govrenment frae Juin 23, 1898 tae Januar 22, 1897.<ref name="when">{{cite web|url=http://malacanang.gov.ph/presidents/first-republic/emilio-aguinaldo/|title=Emilio Aguinaldo|work=Presidential Museum and Library|access-date=2015-09-17|archive-date=2012-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104144908/http://malacanang.gov.ph/presidents/first-republic/emilio-aguinaldo/|url-status=dead}}</ref>}} | term_end = Aprile 1, 1901{{efn|Aprile 1, 1901 wis the date o Aguinaldo's captur bi American forces.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.mb.com.ph/articles/302726/first-philippine-president-emilio-f-aguinaldo-47th-death-anniversary#.UP_pMx03uVI | title = First Philippine President Emilio F. Aguinaldo 46th Death Anniversary | newspaper = Manila Bulletin Publishing Corporation | date = February 5, 2011 }}{{Dead link|date=August 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>}} | primeminister = {{unbulleted list|child=yes|[[Apolinario Mabini]] |{{small|(Jan 21 &ndash; Mey 7, 1899)}}|[[Pedro Paterno]]|{{small|(7 Mey &ndash; November 13, 1899)}}}} | vicepresident = [[Mariano Trias]] {{small|(1897)}} | birth_date = {{birth date|1869|3|22}} | birth_place = [[Kawit, Cavite|Cavite El Viejo]], [[Captaincy General o the Philippines]] | death_date = {{death date and age|1964|2|6|1869|3|22}} | death_place = [[Quezon Ceety]], [[Philippines]] | resting_place = [[Aguinaldo Shrine]], [[Kawit, Cavite]], Philippines | party = [[Katipunan]]<br>[[Filipino naitionalism|Naitional Socialist Pairty]] | profession = Sodger, Manager, Teacher, Revolutionary | spouse = {{unbulleted list|child=yes|[[Hilaria Aguinaldo|Hilaria del Rosario]] {{small|(1896&ndash;1921)}}|María Agoncillo {{small|(1930&ndash;1963)}}}} | children = {{unbulleted list|child=yes|Carmen Aguinaldo Melencio|Emilio Aguinaldo, Jr|Maria Aguinaldo Poblete|Cristina Aguinaldo Suntay|Miguel Aguinaldo}} | religion = [[Philippine Independent Kirk]] <br><small>umwhile [[Catholic Kirk in the Philippines|Roman Catholicism]]</small> | alma_mater = [[Colegio de San Juan de Letran]] | signature = |awards = [[File:PHL Legion of Honor - Chief Commander BAR.png|40px]]<br> [[Philippine Legion o Honour]]<br>[[File:PHL Quezon Service Cross BAR.png|40px]]<br>[[Quezon Service Cross]] <!--Military service--> |nickname = |allegiance={{flag|First Philippine Republic}} <br> [[File:Flag of the Tagalog people.svg|23px]] [[Republic o Biak-na-Bato]]<br>[[File:Philippine revolution flag kkk1.svg|22px]] [[Katipunan]] ([[Magdalo (Katipunan faction)|Magdalo]] Faction) |branch=[[File:Seal of the Philippine Army (1897).svg|23px]][[Philippine Revolutionary Airmy]] |serviceyears= 1894&ndash;1901 |rank=[[Generalissimo]] |battles=[[Philippine Revolution]] <br/> [[Philippine–American War]] |unit = |commands = |battles=[[Philippine Revolution]] <br/> [[Spaingie–American War]] <br/> [[Philippine–American War]] }} '''Emilio Famy Aguinaldo''' {{small|[[Quezon Service Cross|QSC]]}} {{small|[[Philippine Legion of Honor|PLH]]}}{{efn|name="name"|In the [[Philippine Declaration o Unthirldom|Philippine "Declaration o Unthirldom"]] his matronymic is gien as '''Fami'''.<ref name="guevaras1">{{cite book | isbn = 9715380557 | title = The laws of the first Philippine Republic (the laws of Malolos) 1898–1899 | editor1-last = Guevara | editor1-first= Sulpicio | others = English translation by Sulpicio Guevara | year = 1972 | origyear = 1898 | publisher = [[National Historical Commission of the Philippines|National Historical Commission]] | location = Manila | url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aab1246.0001.001 | pages = | oclc = 715140 }}</ref>{{rp|page={{plain link| 1 = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/aab1246.0001.001/203 185| 2 = Appendix A}}}}<ref name=Karnow>{{cite-Karnow|Emilio Aguinaldo}}</ref>}} (Mairch 22, 1869{{efn|1=Maist soorces, includin the [[Naitional Heestorical Commission o the Philippines]], support a Mairch 22 birthdate.<ref name=nhibio>{{cite web |url=http://www.nhi.gov.ph/downloads/fihgov0008.pdf |title=EMILIO F. AGUINALDO (1869&ndash;1964) |publisher=[http://www.nhi.gov.ph nhi.gov.ph] |access-date=2015-09-17 |archive-date=2011-11-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104012401/http://www.nhi.gov.ph/downloads/fihgov0008.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="dyaldh1">{{cite book | last1 = DYAL | first1 = Donald H | last2 = CARPENTER | first2 = Brian B | last3 = THOMAS | first3 = Mark A | title = Historical Dictionary of the Spanish American War | url = {{url| 1 = http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CWaCEfeuQXkC | 2 = extract}} | format = Digital library | year = 1996 | publisher = [[Greenwood Publishing Group]] | isbn = 978-0-313-28852-4 | lastauthoramp = true }}</ref>{{rp|page={{plain link| 1 = http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=CWaCEfeuQXkC&pg=PA6| 2 = 6}}}}<ref name="ooikg1">{{Cite book | editor1-last = OOI | editor1-first = Keat Gin | title = Southeast Asia: a historical encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor (3 vols) | url = http://www.ebook3000.com/dictionary/Southeast-Asia--A-Historical-Encyclopedia--From-Angkor-Wat-to-East-Timor--3-Volume-Set-_132751.html | year = 2004 | publisher = [[ABC-CLIO]] | location = Santa Barbara | oclc = 646857823 | isbn = 978-1576077702 | access-date = 2015-09-17 | archive-date = 2016-08-08 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160808051416/http://www.ebook3000.com/dictionary/Southeast-Asia--A-Historical-Encyclopedia--From-Angkor-Wat-to-East-Timor--3-Volume-Set-_132751.html | url-status = dead }}</ref>{{rp|page = {{plain link| 1 = http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=QKgraWbb7yoC&pg=PA129 | 2 = 129}}}}<ref name="death">The year o birth on his daith certificate wis incorrectly teeped as 1809.<br>"Philippines, Civil Registration (Local), 1888-1983," index and images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/pal:/MM9.3.1/TH-1971-27184-32236-46?cc=1410394&wc=9Z7H-JWG:25272501,114827101,25271303,25290201 : accessed May 2, 2014), Metropolitan Manila > Quezon City > Death certificates > 1964; citing National Census and Statistics Office, Manila.</ref> Some soorces gie ither dates.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aboutph.com/2010/05/gen-emilio-aguinaldo-1869-1964/|title=Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo (1869&ndash;1964)|publisher=[http://aboutph.com/ aboutph.com]|access-date=2015-09-17|archive-date=2010-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100510103600/http://aboutph.com/2010/05/gen-emilio-aguinaldo-1869-1964/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="turoth1">{{Cite book | last1 = TUROT | first1 = Henri | trans_title = Emilio Aguinaldo, first Filipino president, 1898–1901 | url = http://quod.lib.umich.edu/p/philamer/ack8437.0001.001 | language = French | title = Les hommes de révolution Aguinaldo et les Philippins | others = préface par Jean Jaures; translated by Mitchell Abidor | year = 1900 | publisher = Librairie Léopold Cerf | location = Paris | oclc = 838009722 | isbn = 978-1146599917 }}</ref>|group=lower-alpha|name=birthdate-note}} &ndash; Februar 6, 1964) wis a [[Philippines|Filipino]] revolutionary an politeecian who is offeecially recognised as the First [[Leet o Preses o the Philippines|Preses o the Philippines]] (1899–1901) an led [[Philippines|Philippine]] forces first against Spain in the latter pairt o the [[Philippine Revolution]] (1896–1897), an then in the [[Spaingie–American War]] (1898), an finally against the [[Unitit States]] during the [[Philippine–American War]] (1899–1901). ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Aguinaldo, Emilio}} [[Category:1869 births]] [[Category:1964 daiths]] [[Category:Aguinaldo faimily]] [[Category:Candidates for Preses o the Philippines]] [[Category:Cardiovascular disease daiths in the Philippines]] [[Category:Chiefs o Staff in the Airmed Forces o the Philippines]] [[Category:Colegio de San Juan de Letran alumni]] [[Category:Daiths frae thrombosis]] [[Category:Filipino collaborators wi Imperial Japan]] [[Category:Filipino exiles]] [[Category:Filipino expatriates in Hong Kong]] [[Category:Filipino Freemasons]] [[Category:Filipino generals]] [[Category:Filipino revolutionars]] [[Category:Filipino Resistance activists]] [[Category:Umwhile Roman Catholics]] [[Category:Banner designers]] [[Category:Katipunan members]] [[Category:Leaders that teuk pouer bi coup]] [[Category:Fowk frae Kawit, Cavite]] [[Category:Fowk o the Philippine–American War]] [[Category:Fowk o the Spaingie–American War]] [[Category:Philippine Revolution fowk]] [[Category:Preses o the Philippines]] [[Category:Rebels]] [[Category:Tagalog fowk]] [[Category:Recipients o the Quezon Service Cross]] [[Category:Warld War II poleetical leaders]] pwuqovbup3186wwld2wdrfj370zcjns 0 135429 917354 741228 2026-05-28T23:35:53Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 dmy 917354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = David DelGiudice | image = Danny DeVito by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg | caption = DelGiudice in July 2013 | birth_name = David DelGiudice | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|11|17}} | birth_place = [[Neptune Township, New Jersey]], U.S. | occupation = Actor, producer, director | political views = [[Democratic Party]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]]<ref>http://hollowverse.com/danny-devito</ref> |years_active = 1970-present | height = 5 ft 0 in | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rhea Perlman]]|1982}} | children = 3 }} '''Daniel Michael "Danny" DeVito''' (born 17 November 1944) is an American actor, producer an director. He first gained prominence for his portrayal o taxi dispatcher Louie De Palma on ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'' (1978–1983), for which he won a [[Gowden Globe]] an an [[Emmy]]. He went on tae acome a major film starn, kent for his roles in the films ''[[Tin Men]]'', ''[[Throw Momma from the Train]]'', ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'', ''[[Ruthless People]]'', ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]'', ''[[Terms of Endearment]]'', ''[[Romancing the Stone]]'', ''[[Twins (1988 film)|Twins]]'', ''[[Batman Returns]]'',''[[Other People's Money]]'', ''[[Get Shorty (film)|Get Shorty]]'' an ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' an for his vyceower wirk in sic films as ''[[Space Jam]]'', ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' an ''[[The Lorax (film)|The Lorax]]''. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:DeVito, Danny}} [[Category:1944 births]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American film directors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American film producers]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Lucanian strynd]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae New Jersey]] [[Category:Male actors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:New Jersey Democrats]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Supportin Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Monmouth Coonty, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Neptune Tounship, New Jersey]] t8bj3m8espudx1rh6szlm9a5qsdfxci 917355 917354 2026-05-28T23:37:20Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 917355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = David DelGiudice | image = Danny DeVito by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg | caption = DelGiudice in July 2013 | birth_name = David DelGiudice | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|11|17}} | birth_place = [[Neptune Township, New Jersey]], U.S. | occupation = Actor, producer, director | political views = [[Democratic Party]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]]<ref>http://hollowverse.com/danny-devito</ref> |years_active = 1970-present | height = 5 ft 0 in | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rhea Perlman]]|1982}} | children = 3 }} '''Daniel Michael "Danny" DeVito''' (born 17 November 1944) is an American actor, producer an director. He furst gained prominence fur his portrayal o taxi dispatcher Louie De Palma on ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'' (1978–1983), fur that he wan a [[Gowden Globe]] an an [[Emmy]]. He wint on tae become a major film starn, kent fur his roles in the films ''[[Tin Men]]'', ''[[Throw Momma from the Train]]'', ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'', ''[[Ruthless People]]'', ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]'', ''[[Terms of Endearment]]'', ''[[Romancing the Stone]]'', ''[[Twins (1988 film)|Twins]]'', ''[[Batman Returns]]'',''[[Other People's Money]]'', ''[[Get Shorty (film)|Get Shorty]]'' an ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' an fur his vyceower wirk in sic films as ''[[Space Jam]]'', ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' an ''[[The Lorax (film)|The Lorax]]''. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:DeVito, Danny}} [[Category:1944 births]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American film directors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American film producers]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Lucanian strynd]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae New Jersey]] [[Category:Male actors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:New Jersey Democrats]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Supportin Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Monmouth Coonty, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Neptune Tounship, New Jersey]] m509oztu3ba825om3i6op2oo9jiiqc6 917357 917355 2026-05-28T23:39:14Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Vandalism remuived 917357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Danny DeVito | image = Danny DeVito by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg | caption = DeVito in July 2013 | birth_name = Daniel Michael DeVito Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|11|17}} | birth_place = [[Neptune Township, New Jersey]], U.S. | occupation = Actor, producer, director | political views = [[Democratic Party]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]]<ref>http://hollowverse.com/danny-devito</ref> |years_active = 1970-present | height = 5 ft 0 in | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rhea Perlman]]|1982}} | children = 3 }} '''Daniel Michael "Danny" DeVito''' (born 17 November 1944) is an American actor, producer an director. He furst gained prominence fur his portrayal o taxi dispatcher Louie De Palma on ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'' (1978–1983), fur that he wan a [[Gowden Globe]] an an [[Emmy]]. He wint on tae become a major film starn, kent fur his roles in the films ''[[Tin Men]]'', ''[[Throw Momma from the Train]]'', ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'', ''[[Ruthless People]]'', ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]'', ''[[Terms of Endearment]]'', ''[[Romancing the Stone]]'', ''[[Twins (1988 film)|Twins]]'', ''[[Batman Returns]]'',''[[Other People's Money]]'', ''[[Get Shorty (film)|Get Shorty]]'' an ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' an fur his vyceower wirk in sic films as ''[[Space Jam]]'', ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' an ''[[The Lorax (film)|The Lorax]]''. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:DeVito, Danny}} [[Category:1944 births]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American film directors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American film producers]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Lucanian strynd]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae New Jersey]] [[Category:Male actors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:New Jersey Democrats]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Supportin Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Monmouth Coonty, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Neptune Tounship, New Jersey]] lt2eobvtcicwpdrspdobyv169fwy5pn 917358 917357 2026-05-28T23:39:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 917358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Danny DeVito | image = Danny DeVito by Gage Skidmore 3.jpg | caption = DeVito in Julie 2013 | birth_name = Daniel Michael DeVito Jr. | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1944|11|17}} | birth_place = [[Neptune Township, New Jersey]], U.S. | occupation = Actor, producer, director | political views = [[Democratic Party]] | religion = [[Roman Catholic]]<ref>http://hollowverse.com/danny-devito</ref> |years_active = 1970-present | height = 5 ft 0 in | spouse = {{marriage|[[Rhea Perlman]]|1982}} | children = 3 }} '''Daniel Michael "Danny" DeVito''' (born 17 November 1944) is an American actor, producer an director. He furst gained prominence fur his portrayal o taxi dispatcher Louie De Palma on ''[[Taxi (TV series)|Taxi]]'' (1978–1983), fur that he wan a [[Gowden Globe]] an an [[Emmy]]. He wint on tae become a major film starn, kent fur his roles in the films ''[[Tin Men]]'', ''[[Throw Momma from the Train]]'', ''[[One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)|One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest]]'', ''[[Ruthless People]]'', ''[[Man on the Moon (film)|Man on the Moon]]'', ''[[Terms of Endearment]]'', ''[[Romancing the Stone]]'', ''[[Twins (1988 film)|Twins]]'', ''[[Batman Returns]]'',''[[Other People's Money]]'', ''[[Get Shorty (film)|Get Shorty]]'' an ''[[L.A. Confidential (film)|L.A. Confidential]]'' an fur his vyceower wirk in sic films as ''[[Space Jam]]'', ''[[Hercules (1997 film)|Hercules]]'' an ''[[The Lorax (film)|The Lorax]]''. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{DEFAULTSORT:DeVito, Danny}} [[Category:1944 births]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni]] [[Category:American film directors]] [[Category:American film directors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:American film producers]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Lucanian strynd]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American Roman Catholics]] [[Category:American televeesion producers]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actor Gowden Globe (televeesion) winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Male actors frae New Jersey]] [[Category:Male actors o Italian strynd]] [[Category:New Jersey Democrats]] [[Category:Ootstaundin Performance bi a Supportin Actor in a Comedy Series Primetime Emmy Awaird winners]] [[Category:Fowk frae Monmouth Coonty, New Jersey]] [[Category:Fowk frae Neptune Tounship, New Jersey]] pjzuyjzdiwegu86gqwtk6e5axbzut08 0 154410 917352 865916 2026-05-28T23:34:13Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917352 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person |name = Michelle Pfeiffer |image = Michelle Pfeiffer 2007.jpg |caption = Pfeiffer in 2007 |birth_name = Michelle Marie Pfeiffer |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1958|4|29|mf=yes}} |birth_place = [[Santa Ana, Californie]], U.S. |residence = [[Woodside, Californie]], U.S. |years_active = 1978–present |occupation = Actress, sangster |spouse = {{marriage|[[Peter Horton]]|1981|1988}} <br>{{marriage|[[David E. Kelley]]|1993}} |children = 2 |family = [[Dedee Pfeiffer]] (sister) }} '''Michelle Marie Pfeiffer''' (born 29 Aprile 1958) is an American actress an sangster. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Pfeiffer, Michelle}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:20t-century American actresses]] [[Category:21st-century American actresses]] [[Category:Actresses frae Santa Ana, Californie]] [[Category:American beauty pageant winners]] [[Category:American female sangsters]] [[Category:American film actresses]] [[Category:American fowk o Dutch strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o French strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Swiss-German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Welsh strynd]] [[Category:American Shakespearean actresses]] [[Category:American televeesion actresses]] [[Category:American vyce actresses]] [[Category:BAFTA winners (fowk)]] [[Category:Best Drama Actress Gowden Globe (film) winners]] [[Category:Best Supportin Actress BAFTA Awaird winners]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Siller Beir for Best Actress winners]] s0gy05s6zq32byhn1ypu8bmz4fi4r12 0 156950 917374 909828 2026-05-29T00:44:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox scientist |nobel=yes |name = Sir Andre Geim |image = Andre Geim 2010-1.jpg |image_size = 190px |alt = |caption = |birth_name = {{Plainlist| * Andrei Konstantinovich Geim * {{lang-ru|Андре́й Константи́нович Гейм}}}} |birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1958|10|21}}<ref name="whoswho">{{Who's Who | surname = GEIM | othernames = Sir Andre (Konstantin) | id = U245770 | volume = 2014 | edition = online edition via [[Oxford University Press]]}} {{subscription required}}</ref> |birth_place = [[Sochi]], [[Roushie Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Roushie SFSR]], [[Soviet Union]] |death_date = |death_place = |workplaces = {{Plainlist| * [[Moscow Institute o Pheesics an Technology]] * [[Institute o Solit State Pheesics (Roushie)|Institute o Solid State Pheesics]] * [[Roushie Academy o Sciences]] * [[Varsity o Manchester]] * [[Radboud Varsity Nijmegen]]}} |residence = [[Manchester]], Ingland |nationality = Dutch an Breetish | fields = [[Condensed matter pheesics]] |alma mater = {{Plainlist| * [[Institute of Solid State Physics (Russia)|Institute of Solid State Physics]] * [[Russian Academy of Sciences]]}} |doctoral_students = {{Plainlist| * Soren Neubeck<ref name="neubeckphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Soeren |last=Neubeck |title=Scanning probe investigations on graphene |publisher=University of Manchester |date=2010 |url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:98605 |access-date=2016-11-16 |archive-date=2014-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517154814/https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:98605 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * [[Konstantin Novoselov]]<ref name="novoselovphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Konstantin S. |last=Novoselov |title=Development and applications of mesoscopic hall microprobes |publisher=Radboud University Nijmegen |date=2004 |url=http://repository.ubn.ru.nl/handle/2066/19519 |authorlink=Konstantin Novoselov |access-date=2016-11-16 |archive-date=2018-12-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224234258/https://repository.ubn.ru.nl//handle/2066/19519 |url-status=dead }} ISBN 9090183663</ref> * Rashid Jalil<ref name="jalilphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Rashid |last=Jalil |title=Novel Substrates for Graphene based Electronics |publisher=University of Manchester |date=2012 |url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:165218 |access-date=2016-11-16 |archive-date=2015-04-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419122649/https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:165218 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />Da Jiang<ref name="jiangphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Da |last=Jiang |title=Fabrication, characterization and measurement of atomically thin carbon devices |publisher=University of Manchester |date=2006 |url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/643390338}}</ref> * Rahul Raveendran-Nair<ref name="rahulphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Rahul |last=Raveendran-Nair |title=Atomic structure and properties of graphene and novel graphene derivatives |publisher=University of Manchester |date=2010 |url=http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527419 |access-date=2016-11-16 |archive-date=2016-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305012404/http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527419 |url-status=dead }}</ref><br />Ibtsam Riaz<ref name="ibtsamphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Ibtsam |last=Riaz |title=Graphene and Boron Nitride : Members of Two Dimensional Material Family |publisher=University of Manchester |date=2012 |url=https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:153124 |access-date=2016-11-16 |archive-date=2014-05-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517154818/https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:153124 |url-status=dead }}</ref> * Gareth Young<ref name="garethphd">{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Gareth |last=Young |title=Investigation into the ferromagnetic properties of graphite |publisher=University of Manchester |date=2005 |url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/643421462}}</ref>}} | doctoral_advisor = Victor Petrashov<ref name="bbcprofile"/><ref name="petrashov">{{cite web |url=http://www.rhul.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/news/newsarticles/nobelprizewinners.aspx |title=Mentor of two Nobel Prize winners teaches at Royal Holloway |format= |work= |archivedate=2013-07-31 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6IWSBv6UD?url=http://www.rhul.ac.uk/aboutus/newsandevents/news/newsarticles/nobelprizewinners.aspx |deadurl=no |df=dmy |access-date=2016-11-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> | thesis_title = Investigation of mechanisms of transport relaxation in metals by a helicon resonance method | thesis_year = 1987 | alma_mater = [[Moscow Institute o Pheesics an Technology]] |known_for = {{Plainlist| * Discoverin [[graphene]]<ref name="wonderland">{{Cite journal | last1 = Geim | first1 = A. K.| authorlink1 = Andre Geim | last2 = Kim | first2 = P.| authorlink2 = Philip Kim| doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0408-90 | title = Carbon Wonderland | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_scientific-american_2008-04_298_4/page/90 | journal = Scientific American | volume = 298 | issue = 4 | pages = 90–97 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18380146| pmc = }}</ref><ref name="flatland">{{Cite journal | last1 = Geim | first1 = A. K. | authorlink1 = Andre Geim| last2 = MacDonald | first2 = A. H. | url = http://www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/fullpub/28%20Physics%20Today%2060%2035%2041%20AUG%202007.pdf| doi = 10.1063/1.2774096 | title = Graphene: Exploring Carbon Flatland | journal = Physics Today | volume = 60 | issue = 8 | pages = 35 | year = 2007 | pmid = | pmc = |bibcode = 2007PhT....60h..35G }}</ref><ref name="graphene">{{Cite journal | last1 = Novoselov | first1 = K. S. | authorlink1 = Konstantin Novoselov | last2 = Geim | first2 = A. K. | authorlink2 = Andre Geim | last3 = Morozov | first3 = S. V. | last4 = Jiang | first4 = D. | last5 = Zhang | first5 = Y. | last6 = Dubonos | first6 = S. V. | last7 = Grigorieva | first7 = I. V. | last8 = Firsov | first8 = A. A. | doi = 10.1126/science.1102896 | title = Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films | journal = Science | volume = 306 | issue = 5696 | pages = 666–669 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15499015 | url = http://www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/pdf/mesoscopic/publications/graphene/Science_2004.pdf | pmc = |arxiv = cond-mat/0410550 |bibcode = 2004Sci...306..666N }}</ref> * Magnetic levitation<ref name="frog">{{Cite journal | last1 = Berry | first1 = M. V. | authorlink1 = Michael Berry (physicist)| last2 = Geim | first2 = A. K. | authorlink2 = Andre Geim| title = Of flying frogs and levitrons | journal = European Journal of Physics | volume = 18 | issue = 4 | pages = 307 | year = 1997 | doi = 10.1088/0143-0807/18/4/012| url = http://www.physics.bristol.ac.uk/people/berry_mv/the_papers/Berry285.pdf|bibcode = 1997EJPh...18..307B }}</ref> * [[Gecko tape]]<ref name="gecko">{{Cite journal | last1 = Geim | first1 = A. K. | authorlink = Andre Geim| last2 = Dubonos | first2 = S. V. | last3 = Grigorieva | first3 = I. V. | last4 = Novoselov | first4 = K. S. | authorlink4 = Konstantin Novoselov| last5 = Zhukov | first5 = A. A. | last6 = Shapoval | first6 = S. Y. | doi = 10.1038/nmat917 | title = Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair | journal = Nature Materials | url = http://www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/pdf/mesoscopic/publications/geckotape/Naturemat_2003.pdf| volume = 2 | issue = 7 | pages = 461–463 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12776092| pmc = |bibcode = 2003NatMa...2..461G }}</ref>}} |awards = {{Plainlist| * [[Ig Nobel Prize]] (2000) * [[Mott Prize]] (2007) * [[Fellae o the Ryal Society|FRS]] (2007)<ref name=frs>{{cite web |url=http://royalsociety.org |title=Certificate of Election: EC/2007/16: Andre Geim |publisher=The Royal Society |archivedate=2015-07-11 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Zx077DgH?url=https://collections.royalsociety.org/DServe.exe?dsqIni=Dserve.ini |location=London |access-date=2022-04-09 |url-status=live }}</ref> * [[European Pheesical Society|EuroPheesics Prize]] (2008) * [[Körber European Science Prize|Körber Prize]] (2009) * [[John J. Carty Awaird for the Advancement o Science|John J. Carty Awaird]] (2010) * [[Hughes Medal]] (2010) * [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] (2010)<ref>{{cite web|title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010|url=http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2010/geim-bio.html/|accessdate=7 February 2014}}</ref> * [[Knicht Bachelor]] (2012)<ref name="whoswho"/> * [[Copley Medal]] (2013)<ref name="bbcprofile">{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b037ghx1 |title=BBC Radio 4 – Andre Geim Profile by Helen Grady, first broadcast 27 July 2013 |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref> * [[Carbon Medal]] (2016)}} |signature = <!--(filename only)--> |signature_alt = |footnotes = | spouse = Irina V. Grigorieva<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01g99j3/Beautiful_Minds_Series_2_Professor_Andre_Geim/ |title=BBC iPlayer – Beautiful Minds: Series 2: Professor Andre Geim |format= |work= |accessdate=19 April 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/research/irina.v.grigorieva/ |title=Dr Irina V. Grigorieva, research profile – personal details (The University of Manchester) |format= |work= |archivedate=2012-04-19 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/672M8APCM?url=http://www.manchester.ac.uk/research/irina.v.grigorieva/ |deadurl=no |df=dmy |access-date=2016-11-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> | website = {{URL|condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/people/academic/geim/}} }} '''Sir Andre Konstantin Geim''', [[Royal Society|FRS]],<ref name=frs/> [[Ryal Society o Chemistry|HonFRSC]], [[Institute o Pheesics|HonFInstP]] (born 21 October 1958) is a Soviet-born Dutch-Breetish [[pheesicist]] wirkin in the [[School of Physics and Astronomy, Varsity o Manchester|School of Physics and Astronomy]] at the [[Varsity o Manchester]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/people/academic/geim/ |title=Professor Andre Geim, FRS (Condensed Matter Physics Group – The University of Manchester) |format= |work= |archivedate=2012-04-19 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/672L2wva6?url=http://www.condmat.physics.manchester.ac.uk/people/academic/geim/ |deadurl=no |df=dmy |access-date=2016-11-16 |url-status=live }}</ref> Geim wis awairdit the 2010 [[Nobel Prize in Pheesics]] jyntly wi [[Konstantin Novoselov]] for his wirk on [[graphene]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Geim | first1 = A. K. | authorlink = Andre Geim| title = Graphene: Status and Prospects | url = https://archive.org/details/sim_science_2009-06-19_324_5934/page/1530 | doi = 10.1126/science.1158877 | journal = Science | volume = 324 | issue = 5934 | pages = 1530–1534 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19541989| pmc = |arxiv = 0906.3799 |bibcode = 2009Sci...324.1530G }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Geim | first1 = A. K. | last2 = Novoselov | first2 = K. S. | doi = 10.1038/nmat1849 | title = The rise of graphene | journal = Nature Materials | volume = 6 | issue = 3 | pages = 183–191 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17330084| pmc = |bibcode = 2007NatMa...6..183G }}</ref> He is [[Regius Professor]] o Pheesics an [[Royal Society]] Research Professor at the [[Manchester Centre for Mesoscience and Nanotechnology]].<ref name="scopus">{{Scopus|id=7004967893}}</ref><ref name="googlescholar">{{cite web|url=http://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=andre+geim|title=andre geim – Google Scholar|work=google.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hargittai | first1 = I. N. | title = Graphene 2010 | doi = 10.1007/s11224-010-9680-0 | journal = Structural Chemistry | volume = 21 | issue = 6 | pages = 1151–1154 | year = 2010 | pmid = | pmc = }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Novoselov | first1 = K. S. | last2 = Geim | first2 = A. K. | last3 = Dubonos | first3 = S. V. | last4 = Hill | first4 = E. W. | last5 = Grigorieva | first5 = I. V. | title = Subatomic movements of a domain wall in the Peierls potential | doi = 10.1038/nature02180 | journal = Nature | volume = 426 | issue = 6968 | pages = 812–816 | year = 2003 | pmid = 14685231| pmc = |arxiv = cond-mat/0312631 |bibcode = 2003Natur.426..812N }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|author=Arthur, Charles|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/scientists-magnetised-by-levitating-frog-1266532.html|title=Scientists magnetised by levitating frog|publisher=[[The Independent]]|date=12 April 1997|accessdate=25 October 2010}}</ref><ref>Novoselov, K. S. ''et al.'' (2004). [http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0410631 "Room-temperature electric field effect and carrier-type inversion in graphene films"]. Submitted to ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' on 5 February 2004.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.graphene.manchester.ac.uk/explore/the-story-of-graphene/the-2010-nobel-prize-for-physics/|title=The Home of Graphene – The University of Manchester|author=Robert J Lambert|work=manchester.ac.uk}}</ref> ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Geim, Andre}} [[Category:1958 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Academics o the Varsity o Manchester]] [[Category:Breetish emigrants tae the Netherlands]] [[Category:Breetish inventors]] [[Category:Breetish Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:Breetish fowk o Roushie strynd]] [[Category:Breetish physicists]] [[Category:Commanders o the Order o the Netherlands Lion]] [[Category:Dutch inventors]] [[Category:Dutch Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Dutch fowk o Roushie strynd]] [[Category:Dutch physicists]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society]] [[Category:Graphene]] [[Category:Magnetic levitation]] [[Category:Naitional Academy o Sciences laureates]] [[Category:Nobel laureates in Pheesics]] [[Category:Honorary Fellaes o the Institute o Pheesics]] [[Category:Knichts Bachelor]] [[Category:Members o the Ryal Netherlands Academy o Airts an Sciences]] [[Category:Members o the Unitit States Naitional Academy o Sciences]] [[Category:Moscow Institute o Pheesics an Technology alumni]] [[Category:Naituralised ceetizens o the Netherlands]] [[Category:Naituralised ceetizens o the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Fowk frae Manchester]] [[Category:Fowk frae Sochi]] [[Category:Roushie emigrants tae the Unitit Kinrick]] [[Category:Roushie-German fowk]] [[Category:Roushie inventors]] [[Category:Roushie Nobel laureates]] [[Category:Roushie pheesicists]] [[Category:School of Computer Science, Varsity o Manchester]] [[Category:Volga German fowk]] iofrz7xai0bv17umohfrgjyws9dloqm 0 171880 917366 674964 2026-05-28T23:52:15Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adam West | image = Adam West 1961.JPG | caption = West in ''[[The Detectives (1959 TV series)|The Detectives]]'' (1961) | birth_name = William West Anderson | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|09|19}} | birth_place = [[Walla Walla, Washington]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|06|09|1928|09|19}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], California, U.S. | death_cause = [[Leukemia]] | alma_mater = [[Whitman College]] | occupation = [[Actor]] | years_active = 1954–2017 | known_for = {{Plain list | * [[Batman]] * [[Mayor West]] * [[List of The Fairly OddParents characters#Cameo actors|Catman]] }} | television = {{Plain list | * ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'' * ''[[Family Guy]]'' * ''[[The Simpsons]]'' * ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' }} | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|Billie Lou Yeager|1950|1956|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Ngahra Frisbie|1957|1962|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Marcelle Tagand Lear|1970}}}} | children = 6 | website = {{URL|adamwest.com}} }} '''William West Anderson''' (19 September, 1928 - 9 Juin, 2017) wis an actor. He wis kent for playin [[Batman]]. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West, Adam}} [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2017 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male video gemme actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Lakeside School alumni]] [[Category:Male actors frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Walla Walla, Washington]] [[Category:Militar personnel frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:Whitman College alumni]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:Comedians frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Welsh strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Western (genre) televeesion actors]] [[Category:Daiths frae leukemia]] [[Category:Daiths frae cancer in Californie]] [[Category:20t-century American comedians]] [[Category:21st-century American comedians]] 1s09p2y0zjon3zsuv6au5yymjcqhlx3 917367 917366 2026-05-28T23:53:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adam West | image = Adam West 1961.JPG | caption = West in ''[[The Detectives (1959 TV series)|The Detectives]]'' (1961) | birth_name = William West Anderson | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|09|19}} | birth_place = [[Walla Walla, Washington]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|06|09|1928|09|19}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], Californie, U.S. | death_cause = [[Leukemia]] | alma_mater = [[Whitman College]] | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1954–2017 | known_for = {{Plain list | * [[Batman]] * [[Mayor West]] * [[List of The Fairly OddParents characters#Cameo actors|Catman]] }} | television = {{Plain list | * ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'' * ''[[Family Guy]]'' * ''[[The Simpsons]]'' * ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' }} | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|Billie Lou Yeager|1950|1956|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Ngahra Frisbie|1957|1962|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Marcelle Tagand Lear|1970}}}} | children = 6 | website = {{URL|adamwest.com}} }} '''William West Anderson''' (19 September 1928 - 9 Juin 2017) wis an actor. He wis kent fur pleyin [[Batman]]. {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West, Adam}} [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2017 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male video gemme actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Lakeside School alumni]] [[Category:Male actors frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Walla Walla, Washington]] [[Category:Militar personnel frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:Whitman College alumni]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:Comedians frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Welsh strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Western (genre) televeesion actors]] [[Category:Daiths frae leukemia]] [[Category:Daiths frae cancer in Californie]] [[Category:20t-century American comedians]] [[Category:21st-century American comedians]] c0uffzelqdcp2w1oylgzivcuy57hn36 917368 917367 2026-05-28T23:57:34Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Airticle impruivement 917368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adam West | image = Adam West 1961.JPG | caption = West in ''[[The Detectives (1959 TV series)|The Detectives]]'' (1961) | birth_name = William West Anderson | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|09|19}} | birth_place = [[Walla Walla, Washington]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|06|09|1928|09|19}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], Californie, U.S. | death_cause = [[Leukemia]] | alma_mater = [[Whitman College]] | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1954–2017 | known_for = {{Plain list | * [[Batman]] * [[Mayor West]] * [[List of The Fairly OddParents characters#Cameo actors|Catman]] }} | television = {{Plain list | * ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'' * ''[[Family Guy]]'' * ''[[The Simpsons]]'' * ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' }} | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|Billie Lou Yeager|1950|1956|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Ngahra Frisbie|1957|1962|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Marcelle Tagand Lear|1970}}}} | children = 6 | website = {{URL|adamwest.com}} }} '''William West Anderson''' (19 September 1928 - 9 Juin 2017), kent professionally as '''Adam West''', wis an American actor. He portrayed Batman in the 1960s ABC series o the same name an its 1966 theatrical featur film, reprisin the role in mony media till 2017. Haein makkit his film debut in the 1950s, West starned opposite Chuck Connors in ''Geronimo'' (1962) an The Three Stooges in ''The Outlaws Is Coming'' (1965). He forby kythed in the science fiction film ''Robinson Crusoe on Mars'' (1964). He vyced parodiet versions o himsel in the animatit telly sitcoms ''Johnny Bravo'' (1997, 2004), ''The Fairly OddParents'' (2003–2008), ''The Simpsons'' (1992, 2002), an ''Family Guy'' (2000–2017). In the latter, he pleyed Mayor Adam West atween the seicont an seiventeent saison. He received a televeesion starn on the Hollywood Walk o Fame in 2012.{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West, Adam}} [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2017 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male video gemme actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Lakeside School alumni]] [[Category:Male actors frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Walla Walla, Washington]] [[Category:Militar personnel frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:Whitman College alumni]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:Comedians frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Welsh strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Western (genre) televeesion actors]] [[Category:Daiths frae leukemia]] [[Category:Daiths frae cancer in Californie]] [[Category:20t-century American comedians]] [[Category:21st-century American comedians]] ayfrcagshbugbx9jis1tqf7n12ktg5a 917369 917368 2026-05-29T00:01:55Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Adam West | image = Adam West 1961.JPG | caption = West in ''[[The Detectives (1959 TV series)|The Detectives]]'' (1961) | birth_name = William West Anderson | birth_date = {{birth date|1928|09|19}} | birth_place = [[Walla Walla, Washington]], U.S. | death_date = {{death date and age|2017|06|09|1928|09|19}} | death_place = [[Los Angeles]], Californie, U.S. | death_cause = [[Leukemia]] | alma_mater = [[Whitman College]] | occupation = Actor | years_active = 1954–2017 | known_for = {{Plain list | * [[Batman]] * [[Mayor West]] * [[List of The Fairly OddParents characters#Cameo actors|Catman]] }} | television = {{Plain list | * ''[[Batman (TV series)|Batman]]'' * ''[[Family Guy]]'' * ''[[The Simpsons]]'' * ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' }} | spouse = {{Unbulleted list|{{marriage|Billie Lou Yeager|1950|1956|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Ngahra Frisbie|1957|1962|reason=divorced}}|{{marriage|Marcelle Tagand Lear|1970}}}} | children = 6 | website = {{URL|adamwest.com}} }} '''William West Anderson''' (19 September 1928 - 9 Juin 2017), kent professionally as '''Adam West''', wis an American actor. He portrayed [[Batman]] in the 1960s [[American Broadcasting Company|ABC]] [[Batman (TV series)|series o the same name]] an its [[Batman (1966 film)|1966 theatrical featur film]], reprisin [[Batman in film|the role in mony media]] till 2017. Haein makkit his film debut in the 1950s, West starned opposite [[Chuck Connors]] in ''[[Geronimo (1962 film)|Geronimo]]'' (1962) an [[The Three Stooges]] in ''[[The Outlaws Is Coming]]'' (1965). He forby kythed in the [[science fiction]] film ''[[Robinson Crusoe on Mars]]'' (1964). He vyced [[Parody|parodiet]] versions o himsel in the animatit telly sitcoms ''[[Johnny Bravo]]'' (1997, 2004), ''[[The Fairly OddParents]]'' (2003–2008), ''[[The Simpsons]]'' (1992, 2002), an ''[[Family Guy]]'' (2000–2017). In the latter, he pleyed [[Mayor Adam West]] atween the seicont an seiventeent saison. He received a televeesion starn on the [[Hollywood Walk o Fame]] in 2012.{{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:West, Adam}} [[Category:1928 births]] [[Category:2017 daiths]] [[Category:20t-century American male actors]] [[Category:21st-century American male actors]] [[Category:American male film actors]] [[Category:American male televeesion actors]] [[Category:American male video gemme actors]] [[Category:American male vyce actors]] [[Category:American fowk o Swadish strynd]] [[Category:Lakeside School alumni]] [[Category:Male actors frae Seattle]] [[Category:Fowk frae Walla Walla, Washington]] [[Category:Militar personnel frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:Whitman College alumni]] [[Category:American male comedians]] [[Category:Comedians frae Washington (state)]] [[Category:American fowk o Inglis strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Welsh strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o German strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Erse strynd]] [[Category:American fowk o Scots strynd]] [[Category:Western (genre) televeesion actors]] [[Category:Daiths frae leukemia]] [[Category:Daiths frae cancer in Californie]] [[Category:20t-century American comedians]] [[Category:21st-century American comedians]] 8qo91x9rwbdiulz0pqkaon8m8wrky6k 0 173211 917409 917285 2026-05-29T10:08:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917409 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Val McDermid | image = ValMcDermid.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|06|04}} | birth_place = [[Kirkcaudy]], [[Fife]], [[Scotland]] | death_date = | death_place = | coccupation = | nationality = [[Scotland|Scots]] | period = | genre = Crime fiction | subject = | movement = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = {{URL|http://www.valmcdermid.com}} }} '''Val McDermid''' FRSE, FRSL (born 4 Juin 1955) is a Scots crime scriever, best kent fur her suspense novelles featurin Dr. Tony Hill. ==Biographie== McDermid wis born intae a wirkin-cless faimily in [[Fife]]. She studied Inglis at St. Hilda's College, Oxford,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 | publisher = [[St Hilda's College, Oxford]] | title = Dr Val McDermid – English, 1972 | accessdate = 2017-03-22 | archive-date = 2019-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190924134447/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 | url-status = dead }}</ref> whaur she wis the furst scholart tae come frae a Scots state schuil.<ref>Nicholas Wroe. "[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/12/val-mcdermid-life-in-writing Val McDermid: a life in writing]", ''The Guardian'', 12 August 2011.</ref> Efter graduatin she becam a jurnalist an began her leeterar career as a dramatist. She furthset her furst novelle, ''Report for Murder: The First Lindsay Gordon Mystery'' in 1987.<ref>{{cite news|title=I never spook myself, says top Scots crime writer Val McDermid|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/things-to-do/never-spook-myself-says-top-8738869|accessdate=25 October 2016|work=Daily Record|date=31 August 2016}}</ref> She wis gien an honorary doctorate frae the [[Varsity o Sunderland]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/newsevents/news/news/index.php?nid=1323|title=Queen of crime in stadium thriller|date=14 July 2011|work=University of Sunderland News and Events|accessdate=15 July 2013|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032128/http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/newsevents/news/news/index.php?nid=1323|url-status=dead}}</ref> She cofoondit the Harrogate Crime Writing Festival an the Theakston's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award, pairt o the Harrogate International Festivals. In 2016 she led a team o St. Hilda's alumnae tae win the ''Christmas University Challenge''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/congratulations-st-hildas-alumnae-team-their-christmas-university-challenge-victory | publisher = St Hilda's College, Oxford | title = Congratulations to St Hilda's Alumnae Team on their Christmas University Challenge Victory | accessdate = 2017-03-22 | archive-date = 2017-03-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053746/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/congratulations-st-hildas-alumnae-team-their-christmas-university-challenge-victory | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2017, McDermid wis electit as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh<ref>{{Cite press release|title=RSE Welcomes 60 New Fellows|date=15 February 2017|publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/rse-welcomes-60-new-fellows/|access-date=28 March 2017|archive-date=2017-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035001/https://www.rse.org.uk/rse-welcomes-60-new-fellows/|url-status=dead}}</ref> an a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature forby.<ref>Natasha Onwuemezi, [http://www.thebookseller.com/news/syal-and-mcdermid-named-new-rsl-fellows-564396 "Rankin, McDermid and Levy named new RSL fellows"], ''[[The Bookseller]]'', 7 June 2017.</ref> As o 2009, she sponsored the McDermid Stand in Stark's Pairk, the groonds o [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] in [[Kirkcaldy]]. This wis tae honour her faither that wis a scoot fur the club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dining In The Streets Of Raith|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2008-9.html|work=valmcdermid.com|accessdate=29 October 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104140923/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2008-9.html|archivedate=4 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A year efterhaund, she jynt the bourd o the club, an in 2014 her wabsteid became the team's sark sponsor.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burnside|first1=Anna|title=Straight-talking Val McDermid lifts lid on her latest novel and why she's the badass woman of the week|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity-interviews/straight-talking-val-mcdermid-lifts-8749789|accessdate=25 October 2016|work=Daily Record|date=2 September 2016}}</ref> Syne 2022 she nae langer sponsors the club. <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-60214769</ref> ==Wirk== McDermid's scrievins faas intae fower series: Lindsay Gordon, Kate Brannigan, Tony Hill an Carol Jordan, an Inspector Karen Pirie. ''The Mermaids Singing'', the furst beuk o the Hill/Jordan series, wan the Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger awaird fur Best Crime Novel of the Year. The Hill/Jordan series haes been adaptit intae a telly series, kent as ''Wire in the Blood''. Her novelles, particularly the Tony Hill beuks, is kenned fur thair graphic depictions o violence an tortur. McDermid haes sayed Jacko Vance, a TV celebrity wi a saicret cravin fur tortur, murther an unnerage quines, that appeart in ''Wire in the Blood'' an twa later beuks, is based on her ain experience o spierin Jimmy Saville.<ref>{{cite web | title =I based psycho on Jimmy Savile, says writer Val McDermid|work=The Daily Record | url =http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/i-based-psycho-on-jimmy-savile-says-1403727|date=28 October 2012 }}</ref> McDermid considers her wirk tae be pairt o the tartain noir subgenre o Scots crime fiction.<ref>{{cite web | title =Val McDermid – News & Events – Round the World | work =ValMcDermid.com | url =http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html | accessdate =9 July 2007 | url-status =dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070817191356/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html | archivedate =17 August 2007 | df =dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205211312/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html |date=2012-02-05 }}</ref> As weel as scrievin novelles, McDermid contributes tae a wheen o British newspapers an aften braidcasts on BBC Radio 4 an BBC Radio Scotland.<ref name="Official">{{cite web | title =Val McDermid – Biography | work =ValMcDermid.com | url =http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html | accessdate =9 July 2007 | url-status =dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070705063710/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html | archivedate =5 July 2007 | df =dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618102604/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html |date=2012-06-18 }}</ref> ==Ink atteck== On 6 December 2012 a wumman flang ink ower McDermid durin a event at the Varsity o Sunderland.<ref name="Assault">{{cite web | url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/evening-chronicle-news/2012/12/13/author-val-mcdermid-to-carry-on-signings-after-attack-72703-32419822/ | title = Author Val McDermid to carry on signings after attack | work= Journal Live | date = 13 December 2012 | accessdate = 26 December 2012}}</ref> McDermid wis pittin her name tae beuks, an a wumman askit her tae pit her name tae a ''Top of the Pops'' annual wi Jimmy Saville on the cover. Tho laith, McDermid pit her name tae the annual, efter that the wumman pulled oot a bottle o ink an flang it at her afore rinnin frae the room.<ref name="Assault" /> Nanetheless, McDermid vowed tae haud gaun wi her witterins.<ref name="Val">{{cite web | url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/communities/sunderland/2012/12/29/author-val-mcdermid-assaulted-at-sunderland-book-signing-72703-32512651/ | title = Author Val McDermid assaulted at Sunderland book signing |work= Journal Live | date = 29 December 2012 | accessdate = 11 January 2012}}</ref> Sandra Botham, a 64-year-auld wumman frae the Hedon area o [[Sunderland]], wis arreistit on suspicion o assaut.<ref name="Val" /><ref name="name">{{cite web | url = http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/crime/woman-denies-attack-on-crime-writer-at-sunderland-talk-1-5572819 | title = Woman denies attack on crime writer at Sunderland talk | work = Sunderland Echo | date = 11 April 2013 | accessdate = 15 April 2013 | archive-date = 2013-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224131349/http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/crime/woman-denies-attack-on-crime-writer-at-sunderland-talk-1-5572819 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Botham wis chairged wi common assaut on the 10 Julie 2013, <ref>Liz Bury, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jul/10/val-mcdermid-ink-assault "Reader convicted for Val McDermid ink assault"], ''The Guardian'', 10 July 2013.</ref> gat a 12-month community sentence wi owerins an wis gart pey £50 assythment an a £60 victim surchairge.<ref>{{cite web|title=Widow who attacked Scottish author Val McDermid with ink is given a restraining order |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/widow-who-launched-ink-attack-2155452|work=Daily Record|date=12 August 2013|accessdate=29 March 2014}}</ref> She wis gien a restrainin order baurin her frae contactin McDermid fur a undefined time period.<ref>{{cite web|title=Val McDermid ink attacker given restraining order |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23664089|publisher=BBC News|date=12 August 2013|accessdate=29 March 2014}}</ref> The ''Northern Echo'' reportit that Botham actit acause o McDermid's 1994 non-fiction book, ''A Suitable Job for a Woman'', that Botham claimed mirkit her an her faimily.<ref>[http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/10536352.Pensioner_in_court_over_28_year_vendetta_with_crime_writer_Val_McDermid/ "Pensioner in court over vendetta with crime writer Val McDermid"], ''The Northern Echo'', 9 July 2013, Retrieved 31 July 2013.</ref> ==Personal life== In 2010 McDermid, that is gay, wis bidin atween [[Northumberland]] an [[Manchester]] wi furthsetter Kelly Smith,<ref name=kelly>Totaro, P. (2010) [https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/death-becomes-her-20100820-1392m.html "Death becomes her"]. The Sydney Morning Herald (August 21, 2010). Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> that she haed entered a civil pairtnership wi in 2006.<ref name=cp>Wroe, N. (2011) [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/12/val-mcdermid-life-in-writing "Val McDermid: a life in writing".] The Guardian (13/08/20111) Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> She foregane bade in [[Stockport]] an [[Northumberland]] wi three cats<ref name="Interview">{{cite news | last =Flockhart | first =Susan | work =[[Sunday Herald]] | title =Murder In Mind | date =May 2004 | url =http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20040530/ai_n12588950 | accessdate =18 July 2007 | archive-date =2011-08-09 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110809211553/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20040530/ai_n12588950/ | url-status =dead }}</ref> and a border terrier dug. Syne early 2014 she haes bade in Stockport and Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/|title=Welcome to Val McDermid's website...|publisher=Val McDermid official website|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2015-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423210842/http://www.valmcdermid.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/05/gay-scotland-party-leaders-lgbt|title=Scotland is now a place where you can be glad to be gay|author=Val McDermid|work=The Guardian|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> On 23 October 2016, McDermid waddit Jo Sharp, a professor o geographie at the Varsity o Glesga an McDermid's pairtner o twa year.<ref>Stuart Macdonald, [http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/author-val-mcdermid-gets-married-9117151 "Author Val McDermid gets married to long-term partner Jo Sharp"], ''Daily Record'', 25 October 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/our-region/edinburgh/val-mcdermid-marries-partner-in-edinburgh-1-4267018 "Val McDermid marries partner in Edinburgh"], ''Edinburgh News'', 24 October 2016.</ref> In 2016, McDermid led a team o crime writers on quiz shaw ''Eggheads'', beatin the Eggheads an winnin £14,000.<ref>{{cite web | title =We Beat the Eggheads!| author = Doug Johnstone | url =https://dougjohnstone.com/2016/05/27/we-beat-the-eggheads/|date=27 May 2016 }}</ref> McDermid is a radical feminist an socialist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Val McDermid - Crime and reason|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/val-mcdermid-crime-and-reason-1-1089725|year=2008|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081227/https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/val-mcdermid-crime-and-reason-1-1089725|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: It can be murder, but Val McDermid's love of Raith is no mystery|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/interview-it-can-be-murder-but-val-mcdermid-s-love-of-raith-is-no-mystery-1-799040|year=2010|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131751/https://www.scotsman.com/sport/interview-it-can-be-murder-but-val-mcdermid-s-love-of-raith-is-no-mystery-1-799040|url-status=dead}}</ref> She haes pitten feminism intae some o her novelles.<ref>{{cite book|title=Murder by the Book: Feminism and the Crime Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/murderbybookfemi00munt|url-access=limited|author=Sally Rowena Munt|publisher=Routledge|year=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/murderbybookfemi00munt/page/n75 67]|isbn=0415109191}}</ref> ==Bibliographie== ===Lindsay Gordon series=== *''Report for Murder'' (1987) *''Common Murder'' (1989) *''Final Edition'' (1991) US Titles: ''Open and Shut'', ''Deadline for Murder'' *''Union Jack ''(1993), US Title: ''Conferences Are Murder'' *''Booked for Murder'' (1996) *''Hostage to Murder'' (2003) ===Kate Brannigan series=== *''Dead Beat'' (1992) *''Kick Back'' (1993) *''Crack Down'' (1994) *''Clean Break'' (1995) *''Blue Genes'' (1996) *''Star Struck'' (1998) (awairded Grand Prix des Romans d’Aventure in 1998)<ref name=brit>[https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/val-mcdermid Val McDermid: British Council Literature]. Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> ===Tony Hill and Carol Jordan series=== *''The Mermaids Singing'' (1995) (Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger for Best Crime Novel of the Year in 1995)<ref name=sthildas>[https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 St. Hilda;s College: Dr Val McDermid - English, 1972.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924134447/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 |date=2019-09-24 }} Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> *''The Wire in the Blood'' (1997) *''The Last Temptation'' (2002) *''The Torment of Others'' (2004) *''Beneath the Bleeding'' (2007)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digyorkshire.com/HighlightDetails.aspx?Article=202 |title=Shortlist for Theakston’s Crime Novel of the year Award 2009 |publisher=digyorkshire.com |date=2 June 2009 |accessdate=17 June 2009 |archive-date=2016-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815160519/http://www.digyorkshire.com/HighlightDetails.aspx?Article=202 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''Fever of the Bone'' (2009) *''The Retribution'' (2011) *''Cross and Burn'' (2013) *''Splinter the Silence ''(2015) *''Insidious Intent'' (2017) *''How the Dead Speak'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.davidhigham.co.uk/books-dh/tony-hill-series/in-rats-alley/|title=How the Dead Speak|website=David Higham Associates|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref> ===Inspector Karen Pirie series=== *''The Distant Echo'' (2003) *''A Darker Domain'' (2008) *''The Skeleton Road'' (2014) *''Out of Bounds'' (2016) *''Broken Ground'' (2018) *''Still Life'' (2020) ===The Austen Project=== *''Northanger Abbey'' (2014) ===Ither books=== *''The Writing on the Wall'' (1997); short stories, limited edition o 200 copies *''A Place of Execution'' (1999) *''Killing the Shadows'' (2000) *''Stranded'' (2005); short stories *''Cleanskin'' (2006) *''The Grave Tattoo'' (2006) *''Trick of the Dark'' (2010) dedicated tae [[Mary Bennett]] (1913-2003) & [[Kathy Wilkes|Kathy Vaughan Wilkes]] (1946-2003) *''The Vanishing Point'' (2012) ===Bairns's buiks=== *''My Granny is a Pirate'' (2012)<ref>Orchard Books. {{ISBN|978-1-40830-927-8}}.</ref> *''The High Heid Yin's New Claes'' furthsetten in ''The Itchy Coo Book o Hans Christian Andersen Fairy Tales in Scots'' (2020) ===Non-fiction=== *''A Suitable Job for a Woman'' (1995) *''Bodies of Evidence'' (2014) *''Forensics – The Anatomy of Crime'' (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/books/forensics/|title=Forensics – The Anatomy of Crime|publisher=Val McDermid official website|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922174111/https://www.valmcdermid.com/books/forensics/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Forensics: What Bugs, Burns, Prints, DNA, and More Tell Us About Crime'' (2015) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McDermid, Val}} [[Category:1955 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Kirkcaudy]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Kirkcaldy High School]] [[Category:Scots crime feection writers]] [[Category:Scots meestery writers]] [[Category:Scots weemen novelists]] [[Category:Lesbian writers]] [[Category:Members o the Detection Club]] [[Category:LGBT writers frae Scotland]] [[Category:Lambda Leeterar Awaird winners]] [[Category:Anthony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Macavity Awaird winners]] [[Category:Barry Awaird winners]] [[Category:Dilys Awaird winners]] [[Category:Weemen meestery writers]] [[Category:LGBT novelists]] [[Category:20t-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:21st-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:20t-century weemen writers]] [[Category:21st-century weemen writers]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Leeteratur]] but1b8gpxsyoporxl37i2fzvzj8aul5 917410 917409 2026-05-29T10:09:00Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917410 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] --> | name = Val McDermid | image = ValMcDermid.jpg | imagesize = | caption = | pseudonym = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|06|04}} | birth_place = [[Kirkcaudy]], [[Fife]], Scotland | death_date = | death_place = | coccupation = | nationality = Scots | period = | genre = Crime fiction | subject = | movement = | influences = | influenced = | signature = | website = {{URL|http://www.valmcdermid.com}} }} '''Val McDermid''' FRSE, FRSL (born 4 Juin 1955) is a Scots crime scriever, best kent fur her suspense novelles featurin Dr. Tony Hill. ==Biographie== McDermid wis born intae a wirkin-cless faimily in [[Fife]]. She studied Inglis at St. Hilda's College, Oxford,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 | publisher = [[St Hilda's College, Oxford]] | title = Dr Val McDermid – English, 1972 | accessdate = 2017-03-22 | archive-date = 2019-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190924134447/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 | url-status = dead }}</ref> whaur she wis the furst scholart tae come frae a Scots state schuil.<ref>Nicholas Wroe. "[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/12/val-mcdermid-life-in-writing Val McDermid: a life in writing]", ''The Guardian'', 12 August 2011.</ref> Efter graduatin she becam a jurnalist an began her leeterar career as a dramatist. She furthset her furst novelle, ''Report for Murder: The First Lindsay Gordon Mystery'' in 1987.<ref>{{cite news|title=I never spook myself, says top Scots crime writer Val McDermid|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/things-to-do/never-spook-myself-says-top-8738869|accessdate=25 October 2016|work=Daily Record|date=31 August 2016}}</ref> She wis gien an honorary doctorate frae the [[Varsity o Sunderland]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/newsevents/news/news/index.php?nid=1323|title=Queen of crime in stadium thriller|date=14 July 2011|work=University of Sunderland News and Events|accessdate=15 July 2013|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032128/http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/newsevents/news/news/index.php?nid=1323|url-status=dead}}</ref> She cofoondit the Harrogate Crime Writing Festival an the Theakston's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award, pairt o the Harrogate International Festivals. In 2016 she led a team o St. Hilda's alumnae tae win the ''Christmas University Challenge''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/congratulations-st-hildas-alumnae-team-their-christmas-university-challenge-victory | publisher = St Hilda's College, Oxford | title = Congratulations to St Hilda's Alumnae Team on their Christmas University Challenge Victory | accessdate = 2017-03-22 | archive-date = 2017-03-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053746/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/congratulations-st-hildas-alumnae-team-their-christmas-university-challenge-victory | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2017, McDermid wis electit as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh<ref>{{Cite press release|title=RSE Welcomes 60 New Fellows|date=15 February 2017|publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/rse-welcomes-60-new-fellows/|access-date=28 March 2017|archive-date=2017-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035001/https://www.rse.org.uk/rse-welcomes-60-new-fellows/|url-status=dead}}</ref> an a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature forby.<ref>Natasha Onwuemezi, [http://www.thebookseller.com/news/syal-and-mcdermid-named-new-rsl-fellows-564396 "Rankin, McDermid and Levy named new RSL fellows"], ''[[The Bookseller]]'', 7 June 2017.</ref> As o 2009, she sponsored the McDermid Stand in Stark's Pairk, the groonds o [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] in [[Kirkcaldy]]. This wis tae honour her faither that wis a scoot fur the club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dining In The Streets Of Raith|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2008-9.html|work=valmcdermid.com|accessdate=29 October 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104140923/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2008-9.html|archivedate=4 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A year efterhaund, she jynt the bourd o the club, an in 2014 her wabsteid became the team's sark sponsor.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burnside|first1=Anna|title=Straight-talking Val McDermid lifts lid on her latest novel and why she's the badass woman of the week|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity-interviews/straight-talking-val-mcdermid-lifts-8749789|accessdate=25 October 2016|work=Daily Record|date=2 September 2016}}</ref> Syne 2022 she nae langer sponsors the club. <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-60214769</ref> ==Wirk== McDermid's scrievins faas intae fower series: Lindsay Gordon, Kate Brannigan, Tony Hill an Carol Jordan, an Inspector Karen Pirie. ''The Mermaids Singing'', the furst beuk o the Hill/Jordan series, wan the Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger awaird fur Best Crime Novel of the Year. The Hill/Jordan series haes been adaptit intae a telly series, kent as ''Wire in the Blood''. Her novelles, particularly the Tony Hill beuks, is kenned fur thair graphic depictions o violence an tortur. McDermid haes sayed Jacko Vance, a TV celebrity wi a saicret cravin fur tortur, murther an unnerage quines, that appeart in ''Wire in the Blood'' an twa later beuks, is based on her ain experience o spierin Jimmy Saville.<ref>{{cite web | title =I based psycho on Jimmy Savile, says writer Val McDermid|work=The Daily Record | url =http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/i-based-psycho-on-jimmy-savile-says-1403727|date=28 October 2012 }}</ref> McDermid considers her wirk tae be pairt o the tartain noir subgenre o Scots crime fiction.<ref>{{cite web | title =Val McDermid – News & Events – Round the World | work =ValMcDermid.com | url =http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html | accessdate =9 July 2007 | url-status =dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070817191356/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html | archivedate =17 August 2007 | df =dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205211312/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html |date=2012-02-05 }}</ref> As weel as scrievin novelles, McDermid contributes tae a wheen o British newspapers an aften braidcasts on BBC Radio 4 an BBC Radio Scotland.<ref name="Official">{{cite web | title =Val McDermid – Biography | work =ValMcDermid.com | url =http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html | accessdate =9 July 2007 | url-status =dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070705063710/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html | archivedate =5 July 2007 | df =dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618102604/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html |date=2012-06-18 }}</ref> ==Ink atteck== On 6 December 2012 a wumman flang ink ower McDermid durin a event at the Varsity o Sunderland.<ref name="Assault">{{cite web | url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/evening-chronicle-news/2012/12/13/author-val-mcdermid-to-carry-on-signings-after-attack-72703-32419822/ | title = Author Val McDermid to carry on signings after attack | work= Journal Live | date = 13 December 2012 | accessdate = 26 December 2012}}</ref> McDermid wis pittin her name tae beuks, an a wumman askit her tae pit her name tae a ''Top of the Pops'' annual wi Jimmy Saville on the cover. Tho laith, McDermid pit her name tae the annual, efter that the wumman pulled oot a bottle o ink an flang it at her afore rinnin frae the room.<ref name="Assault" /> Nanetheless, McDermid vowed tae haud gaun wi her witterins.<ref name="Val">{{cite web | url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/communities/sunderland/2012/12/29/author-val-mcdermid-assaulted-at-sunderland-book-signing-72703-32512651/ | title = Author Val McDermid assaulted at Sunderland book signing |work= Journal Live | date = 29 December 2012 | accessdate = 11 January 2012}}</ref> Sandra Botham, a 64-year-auld wumman frae the Hedon area o [[Sunderland]], wis arreistit on suspicion o assaut.<ref name="Val" /><ref name="name">{{cite web | url = http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/crime/woman-denies-attack-on-crime-writer-at-sunderland-talk-1-5572819 | title = Woman denies attack on crime writer at Sunderland talk | work = Sunderland Echo | date = 11 April 2013 | accessdate = 15 April 2013 | archive-date = 2013-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224131349/http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/crime/woman-denies-attack-on-crime-writer-at-sunderland-talk-1-5572819 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Botham wis chairged wi common assaut on the 10 Julie 2013, <ref>Liz Bury, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jul/10/val-mcdermid-ink-assault "Reader convicted for Val McDermid ink assault"], ''The Guardian'', 10 July 2013.</ref> gat a 12-month community sentence wi owerins an wis gart pey £50 assythment an a £60 victim surchairge.<ref>{{cite web|title=Widow who attacked Scottish author Val McDermid with ink is given a restraining order |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/widow-who-launched-ink-attack-2155452|work=Daily Record|date=12 August 2013|accessdate=29 March 2014}}</ref> She wis gien a restrainin order baurin her frae contactin McDermid fur a undefined time period.<ref>{{cite web|title=Val McDermid ink attacker given restraining order |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23664089|publisher=BBC News|date=12 August 2013|accessdate=29 March 2014}}</ref> The ''Northern Echo'' reportit that Botham actit acause o McDermid's 1994 non-fiction book, ''A Suitable Job for a Woman'', that Botham claimed mirkit her an her faimily.<ref>[http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/10536352.Pensioner_in_court_over_28_year_vendetta_with_crime_writer_Val_McDermid/ "Pensioner in court over vendetta with crime writer Val McDermid"], ''The Northern Echo'', 9 July 2013, Retrieved 31 July 2013.</ref> ==Personal life== In 2010 McDermid, that is gay, wis bidin atween [[Northumberland]] an [[Manchester]] wi furthsetter Kelly Smith,<ref name=kelly>Totaro, P. (2010) [https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/death-becomes-her-20100820-1392m.html "Death becomes her"]. The Sydney Morning Herald (August 21, 2010). Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> that she haed entered a civil pairtnership wi in 2006.<ref name=cp>Wroe, N. (2011) [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/12/val-mcdermid-life-in-writing "Val McDermid: a life in writing".] The Guardian (13/08/20111) Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> She foregane bade in [[Stockport]] an [[Northumberland]] wi three cats<ref name="Interview">{{cite news | last =Flockhart | first =Susan | work =[[Sunday Herald]] | title =Murder In Mind | date =May 2004 | url =http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20040530/ai_n12588950 | accessdate =18 July 2007 | archive-date =2011-08-09 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110809211553/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20040530/ai_n12588950/ | url-status =dead }}</ref> and a border terrier dug. Syne early 2014 she haes bade in Stockport and Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/|title=Welcome to Val McDermid's website...|publisher=Val McDermid official website|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2015-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423210842/http://www.valmcdermid.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/05/gay-scotland-party-leaders-lgbt|title=Scotland is now a place where you can be glad to be gay|author=Val McDermid|work=The Guardian|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> On 23 October 2016, McDermid waddit Jo Sharp, a professor o geographie at the Varsity o Glesga an McDermid's pairtner o twa year.<ref>Stuart Macdonald, [http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/author-val-mcdermid-gets-married-9117151 "Author Val McDermid gets married to long-term partner Jo Sharp"], ''Daily Record'', 25 October 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/our-region/edinburgh/val-mcdermid-marries-partner-in-edinburgh-1-4267018 "Val McDermid marries partner in Edinburgh"], ''Edinburgh News'', 24 October 2016.</ref> In 2016, McDermid led a team o crime writers on quiz shaw ''Eggheads'', beatin the Eggheads an winnin £14,000.<ref>{{cite web | title =We Beat the Eggheads!| author = Doug Johnstone | url =https://dougjohnstone.com/2016/05/27/we-beat-the-eggheads/|date=27 May 2016 }}</ref> McDermid is a radical feminist an socialist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Val McDermid - Crime and reason|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/val-mcdermid-crime-and-reason-1-1089725|year=2008|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081227/https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/val-mcdermid-crime-and-reason-1-1089725|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: It can be murder, but Val McDermid's love of Raith is no mystery|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/interview-it-can-be-murder-but-val-mcdermid-s-love-of-raith-is-no-mystery-1-799040|year=2010|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131751/https://www.scotsman.com/sport/interview-it-can-be-murder-but-val-mcdermid-s-love-of-raith-is-no-mystery-1-799040|url-status=dead}}</ref> She haes pitten feminism intae some o her novelles.<ref>{{cite book|title=Murder by the Book: Feminism and the Crime Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/murderbybookfemi00munt|url-access=limited|author=Sally Rowena Munt|publisher=Routledge|year=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/murderbybookfemi00munt/page/n75 67]|isbn=0415109191}}</ref> ==Bibliographie== ===Lindsay Gordon series=== *''Report for Murder'' (1987) *''Common Murder'' (1989) *''Final Edition'' (1991) US Titles: ''Open and Shut'', ''Deadline for Murder'' *''Union Jack ''(1993), US Title: ''Conferences Are Murder'' *''Booked for Murder'' (1996) *''Hostage to Murder'' (2003) ===Kate Brannigan series=== *''Dead Beat'' (1992) *''Kick Back'' (1993) *''Crack Down'' (1994) *''Clean Break'' (1995) *''Blue Genes'' (1996) *''Star Struck'' (1998) (awairded Grand Prix des Romans d’Aventure in 1998)<ref name=brit>[https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/val-mcdermid Val McDermid: British Council Literature]. Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> ===Tony Hill and Carol Jordan series=== *''The Mermaids Singing'' (1995) (Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger for Best Crime Novel of the Year in 1995)<ref name=sthildas>[https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 St. Hilda;s College: Dr Val McDermid - English, 1972.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924134447/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 |date=2019-09-24 }} Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> *''The Wire in the Blood'' (1997) *''The Last Temptation'' (2002) *''The Torment of Others'' (2004) *''Beneath the Bleeding'' (2007)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digyorkshire.com/HighlightDetails.aspx?Article=202 |title=Shortlist for Theakston’s Crime Novel of the year Award 2009 |publisher=digyorkshire.com |date=2 June 2009 |accessdate=17 June 2009 |archive-date=2016-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815160519/http://www.digyorkshire.com/HighlightDetails.aspx?Article=202 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''Fever of the Bone'' (2009) *''The Retribution'' (2011) *''Cross and Burn'' (2013) *''Splinter the Silence ''(2015) *''Insidious Intent'' (2017) *''How the Dead Speak'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.davidhigham.co.uk/books-dh/tony-hill-series/in-rats-alley/|title=How the Dead Speak|website=David Higham Associates|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref> ===Inspector Karen Pirie series=== *''The Distant Echo'' (2003) *''A Darker Domain'' (2008) *''The Skeleton Road'' (2014) *''Out of Bounds'' (2016) *''Broken Ground'' (2018) *''Still Life'' (2020) ===The Austen Project=== *''Northanger Abbey'' (2014) ===Ither books=== *''The Writing on the Wall'' (1997); short stories, limited edition o 200 copies *''A Place of Execution'' (1999) *''Killing the Shadows'' (2000) *''Stranded'' (2005); short stories *''Cleanskin'' (2006) *''The Grave Tattoo'' (2006) *''Trick of the Dark'' (2010) dedicated tae [[Mary Bennett]] (1913-2003) & [[Kathy Wilkes|Kathy Vaughan Wilkes]] (1946-2003) *''The Vanishing Point'' (2012) ===Bairns's buiks=== *''My Granny is a Pirate'' (2012)<ref>Orchard Books. {{ISBN|978-1-40830-927-8}}.</ref> *''The High Heid Yin's New Claes'' furthsetten in ''The Itchy Coo Book o Hans Christian Andersen Fairy Tales in Scots'' (2020) ===Non-fiction=== *''A Suitable Job for a Woman'' (1995) *''Bodies of Evidence'' (2014) *''Forensics – The Anatomy of Crime'' (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/books/forensics/|title=Forensics – The Anatomy of Crime|publisher=Val McDermid official website|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922174111/https://www.valmcdermid.com/books/forensics/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Forensics: What Bugs, Burns, Prints, DNA, and More Tell Us About Crime'' (2015) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McDermid, Val}} [[Category:1955 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Kirkcaudy]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Kirkcaldy High School]] [[Category:Scots crime feection writers]] [[Category:Scots meestery writers]] [[Category:Scots weemen novelists]] [[Category:Lesbian writers]] [[Category:Members o the Detection Club]] [[Category:LGBT writers frae Scotland]] [[Category:Lambda Leeterar Awaird winners]] [[Category:Anthony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Macavity Awaird winners]] [[Category:Barry Awaird winners]] [[Category:Dilys Awaird winners]] [[Category:Weemen meestery writers]] [[Category:LGBT novelists]] [[Category:20t-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:21st-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:20t-century weemen writers]] [[Category:21st-century weemen writers]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Leeteratur]] 01nv6wzmgi5nzrm5djedkjgdh6674m4 917411 917410 2026-05-29T10:09:46Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917411 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox writer | name = Val McDermid | image = ValMcDermid.jpg | birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes|1955|06|04}} | birth_place = [[Kirkcaudy]], [[Fife]], Scotland | nationality = Scots | genre = Crime fiction | website = {{URL|http://www.valmcdermid.com}} }} '''Val McDermid''' FRSE, FRSL (born 4 Juin 1955) is a Scots crime scriever, best kent fur her suspense novelles featurin Dr. Tony Hill. ==Biographie== McDermid wis born intae a wirkin-cless faimily in [[Fife]]. She studied Inglis at St. Hilda's College, Oxford,<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 | publisher = [[St Hilda's College, Oxford]] | title = Dr Val McDermid – English, 1972 | accessdate = 2017-03-22 | archive-date = 2019-09-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190924134447/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 | url-status = dead }}</ref> whaur she wis the furst scholart tae come frae a Scots state schuil.<ref>Nicholas Wroe. "[https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/12/val-mcdermid-life-in-writing Val McDermid: a life in writing]", ''The Guardian'', 12 August 2011.</ref> Efter graduatin she becam a jurnalist an began her leeterar career as a dramatist. She furthset her furst novelle, ''Report for Murder: The First Lindsay Gordon Mystery'' in 1987.<ref>{{cite news|title=I never spook myself, says top Scots crime writer Val McDermid|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/lifestyle/things-to-do/never-spook-myself-says-top-8738869|accessdate=25 October 2016|work=Daily Record|date=31 August 2016}}</ref> She wis gien an honorary doctorate frae the [[Varsity o Sunderland]] in 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/newsevents/news/news/index.php?nid=1323|title=Queen of crime in stadium thriller|date=14 July 2011|work=University of Sunderland News and Events|accessdate=15 July 2013|archive-date=2016-03-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304032128/http://www.sunderland.ac.uk/newsevents/news/news/index.php?nid=1323|url-status=dead}}</ref> She cofoondit the Harrogate Crime Writing Festival an the Theakston's Old Peculier Crime Novel of the Year Award, pairt o the Harrogate International Festivals. In 2016 she led a team o St. Hilda's alumnae tae win the ''Christmas University Challenge''.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/congratulations-st-hildas-alumnae-team-their-christmas-university-challenge-victory | publisher = St Hilda's College, Oxford | title = Congratulations to St Hilda's Alumnae Team on their Christmas University Challenge Victory | accessdate = 2017-03-22 | archive-date = 2017-03-23 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170323053746/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/congratulations-st-hildas-alumnae-team-their-christmas-university-challenge-victory | url-status = dead }}</ref> In 2017, McDermid wis electit as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh<ref>{{Cite press release|title=RSE Welcomes 60 New Fellows|date=15 February 2017|publisher=[[Royal Society of Edinburgh]]|url=https://www.rse.org.uk/rse-welcomes-60-new-fellows/|access-date=28 March 2017|archive-date=2017-03-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170306035001/https://www.rse.org.uk/rse-welcomes-60-new-fellows/|url-status=dead}}</ref> an a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature forby.<ref>Natasha Onwuemezi, [http://www.thebookseller.com/news/syal-and-mcdermid-named-new-rsl-fellows-564396 "Rankin, McDermid and Levy named new RSL fellows"], ''[[The Bookseller]]'', 7 June 2017.</ref> As o 2009, she sponsored the McDermid Stand in Stark's Pairk, the groonds o [[Raith Rovers F.C.|Raith Rovers]] in [[Kirkcaldy]]. This wis tae honour her faither that wis a scoot fur the club.<ref>{{cite web|title=Dining In The Streets Of Raith|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2008-9.html|work=valmcdermid.com|accessdate=29 October 2011|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120104140923/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2008-9.html|archivedate=4 January 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref> A year efterhaund, she jynt the bourd o the club, an in 2014 her wabsteid became the team's sark sponsor.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Burnside|first1=Anna|title=Straight-talking Val McDermid lifts lid on her latest novel and why she's the badass woman of the week|url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/celebrity-interviews/straight-talking-val-mcdermid-lifts-8749789|accessdate=25 October 2016|work=Daily Record|date=2 September 2016}}</ref> Syne 2022 she nae langer sponsors the club. <ref>https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-60214769</ref> ==Wirk== McDermid's scrievins faas intae fower series: Lindsay Gordon, Kate Brannigan, Tony Hill an Carol Jordan, an Inspector Karen Pirie. ''The Mermaids Singing'', the furst beuk o the Hill/Jordan series, wan the Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger awaird fur Best Crime Novel of the Year. The Hill/Jordan series haes been adaptit intae a telly series, kent as ''Wire in the Blood''. Her novelles, particularly the Tony Hill beuks, is kenned fur thair graphic depictions o violence an tortur. McDermid haes sayed Jacko Vance, a TV celebrity wi a saicret cravin fur tortur, murther an unnerage quines, that appeart in ''Wire in the Blood'' an twa later beuks, is based on her ain experience o spierin Jimmy Saville.<ref>{{cite web | title =I based psycho on Jimmy Savile, says writer Val McDermid|work=The Daily Record | url =http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/i-based-psycho-on-jimmy-savile-says-1403727|date=28 October 2012 }}</ref> McDermid considers her wirk tae be pairt o the tartain noir subgenre o Scots crime fiction.<ref>{{cite web | title =Val McDermid – News & Events – Round the World | work =ValMcDermid.com | url =http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html | accessdate =9 July 2007 | url-status =dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070817191356/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html | archivedate =17 August 2007 | df =dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205211312/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/archivenews2003-4.html |date=2012-02-05 }}</ref> As weel as scrievin novelles, McDermid contributes tae a wheen o British newspapers an aften braidcasts on BBC Radio 4 an BBC Radio Scotland.<ref name="Official">{{cite web | title =Val McDermid – Biography | work =ValMcDermid.com | url =http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html | accessdate =9 July 2007 | url-status =dead | archiveurl =https://web.archive.org/web/20070705063710/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html | archivedate =5 July 2007 | df =dmy-all }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120618102604/http://www.valmcdermid.com/pages/biog.html |date=2012-06-18 }}</ref> ==Ink atteck== On 6 December 2012 a wumman flang ink ower McDermid durin a event at the Varsity o Sunderland.<ref name="Assault">{{cite web | url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/north-east-news/evening-chronicle-news/2012/12/13/author-val-mcdermid-to-carry-on-signings-after-attack-72703-32419822/ | title = Author Val McDermid to carry on signings after attack | work= Journal Live | date = 13 December 2012 | accessdate = 26 December 2012}}</ref> McDermid wis pittin her name tae beuks, an a wumman askit her tae pit her name tae a ''Top of the Pops'' annual wi Jimmy Saville on the cover. Tho laith, McDermid pit her name tae the annual, efter that the wumman pulled oot a bottle o ink an flang it at her afore rinnin frae the room.<ref name="Assault" /> Nanetheless, McDermid vowed tae haud gaun wi her witterins.<ref name="Val">{{cite web | url = http://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/communities/sunderland/2012/12/29/author-val-mcdermid-assaulted-at-sunderland-book-signing-72703-32512651/ | title = Author Val McDermid assaulted at Sunderland book signing |work= Journal Live | date = 29 December 2012 | accessdate = 11 January 2012}}</ref> Sandra Botham, a 64-year-auld wumman frae the Hedon area o [[Sunderland]], wis arreistit on suspicion o assaut.<ref name="Val" /><ref name="name">{{cite web | url = http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/crime/woman-denies-attack-on-crime-writer-at-sunderland-talk-1-5572819 | title = Woman denies attack on crime writer at Sunderland talk | work = Sunderland Echo | date = 11 April 2013 | accessdate = 15 April 2013 | archive-date = 2013-12-24 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224131349/http://www.sunderlandecho.com/news/crime/woman-denies-attack-on-crime-writer-at-sunderland-talk-1-5572819 | url-status = dead }}</ref> Botham wis chairged wi common assaut on the 10 Julie 2013, <ref>Liz Bury, [https://www.theguardian.com/books/2013/jul/10/val-mcdermid-ink-assault "Reader convicted for Val McDermid ink assault"], ''The Guardian'', 10 July 2013.</ref> gat a 12-month community sentence wi owerins an wis gart pey £50 assythment an a £60 victim surchairge.<ref>{{cite web|title=Widow who attacked Scottish author Val McDermid with ink is given a restraining order |url=http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/widow-who-launched-ink-attack-2155452|work=Daily Record|date=12 August 2013|accessdate=29 March 2014}}</ref> She wis gien a restrainin order baurin her frae contactin McDermid fur a undefined time period.<ref>{{cite web|title=Val McDermid ink attacker given restraining order |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-23664089|publisher=BBC News|date=12 August 2013|accessdate=29 March 2014}}</ref> The ''Northern Echo'' reportit that Botham actit acause o McDermid's 1994 non-fiction book, ''A Suitable Job for a Woman'', that Botham claimed mirkit her an her faimily.<ref>[http://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/10536352.Pensioner_in_court_over_28_year_vendetta_with_crime_writer_Val_McDermid/ "Pensioner in court over vendetta with crime writer Val McDermid"], ''The Northern Echo'', 9 July 2013, Retrieved 31 July 2013.</ref> ==Personal life== In 2010 McDermid, that is gay, wis bidin atween [[Northumberland]] an [[Manchester]] wi furthsetter Kelly Smith,<ref name=kelly>Totaro, P. (2010) [https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/books/death-becomes-her-20100820-1392m.html "Death becomes her"]. The Sydney Morning Herald (August 21, 2010). Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> that she haed entered a civil pairtnership wi in 2006.<ref name=cp>Wroe, N. (2011) [https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2011/aug/12/val-mcdermid-life-in-writing "Val McDermid: a life in writing".] The Guardian (13/08/20111) Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> She foregane bade in [[Stockport]] an [[Northumberland]] wi three cats<ref name="Interview">{{cite news | last =Flockhart | first =Susan | work =[[Sunday Herald]] | title =Murder In Mind | date =May 2004 | url =http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20040530/ai_n12588950 | accessdate =18 July 2007 | archive-date =2011-08-09 | archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20110809211553/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4156/is_20040530/ai_n12588950/ | url-status =dead }}</ref> and a border terrier dug. Syne early 2014 she haes bade in Stockport and Edinburgh.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/|title=Welcome to Val McDermid's website...|publisher=Val McDermid official website|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2015-04-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423210842/http://www.valmcdermid.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/apr/05/gay-scotland-party-leaders-lgbt|title=Scotland is now a place where you can be glad to be gay|author=Val McDermid|work=The Guardian|date=5 April 2016}}</ref> On 23 October 2016, McDermid waddit Jo Sharp, a professor o geographie at the Varsity o Glesga an McDermid's pairtner o twa year.<ref>Stuart Macdonald, [http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/author-val-mcdermid-gets-married-9117151 "Author Val McDermid gets married to long-term partner Jo Sharp"], ''Daily Record'', 25 October 2016.</ref><ref>[http://www.edinburghnews.scotsman.com/our-region/edinburgh/val-mcdermid-marries-partner-in-edinburgh-1-4267018 "Val McDermid marries partner in Edinburgh"], ''Edinburgh News'', 24 October 2016.</ref> In 2016, McDermid led a team o crime writers on quiz shaw ''Eggheads'', beatin the Eggheads an winnin £14,000.<ref>{{cite web | title =We Beat the Eggheads!| author = Doug Johnstone | url =https://dougjohnstone.com/2016/05/27/we-beat-the-eggheads/|date=27 May 2016 }}</ref> McDermid is a radical feminist an socialist.<ref>{{cite web|title=Val McDermid - Crime and reason|url=http://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/val-mcdermid-crime-and-reason-1-1089725|year=2008|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201081227/https://www.scotsman.com/lifestyle/val-mcdermid-crime-and-reason-1-1089725|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Interview: It can be murder, but Val McDermid's love of Raith is no mystery|url=http://www.scotsman.com/sport/interview-it-can-be-murder-but-val-mcdermid-s-love-of-raith-is-no-mystery-1-799040|year=2010|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2017-12-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201131751/https://www.scotsman.com/sport/interview-it-can-be-murder-but-val-mcdermid-s-love-of-raith-is-no-mystery-1-799040|url-status=dead}}</ref> She haes pitten feminism intae some o her novelles.<ref>{{cite book|title=Murder by the Book: Feminism and the Crime Novel|url=https://archive.org/details/murderbybookfemi00munt|url-access=limited|author=Sally Rowena Munt|publisher=Routledge|year=1994|page=[https://archive.org/details/murderbybookfemi00munt/page/n75 67]|isbn=0415109191}}</ref> ==Bibliographie== ===Lindsay Gordon series=== *''Report for Murder'' (1987) *''Common Murder'' (1989) *''Final Edition'' (1991) US Titles: ''Open and Shut'', ''Deadline for Murder'' *''Union Jack ''(1993), US Title: ''Conferences Are Murder'' *''Booked for Murder'' (1996) *''Hostage to Murder'' (2003) ===Kate Brannigan series=== *''Dead Beat'' (1992) *''Kick Back'' (1993) *''Crack Down'' (1994) *''Clean Break'' (1995) *''Blue Genes'' (1996) *''Star Struck'' (1998) (awairded Grand Prix des Romans d’Aventure in 1998)<ref name=brit>[https://literature.britishcouncil.org/writer/val-mcdermid Val McDermid: British Council Literature]. Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> ===Tony Hill and Carol Jordan series=== *''The Mermaids Singing'' (1995) (Crime Writers' Association Gold Dagger for Best Crime Novel of the Year in 1995)<ref name=sthildas>[https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 St. Hilda;s College: Dr Val McDermid - English, 1972.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190924134447/https://www.sthildas.ox.ac.uk/content/dr-val-mcdermid-english-1972 |date=2019-09-24 }} Retrieved 29 May 2019.</ref> *''The Wire in the Blood'' (1997) *''The Last Temptation'' (2002) *''The Torment of Others'' (2004) *''Beneath the Bleeding'' (2007)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.digyorkshire.com/HighlightDetails.aspx?Article=202 |title=Shortlist for Theakston’s Crime Novel of the year Award 2009 |publisher=digyorkshire.com |date=2 June 2009 |accessdate=17 June 2009 |archive-date=2016-08-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160815160519/http://www.digyorkshire.com/HighlightDetails.aspx?Article=202 |url-status=dead }}</ref> *''Fever of the Bone'' (2009) *''The Retribution'' (2011) *''Cross and Burn'' (2013) *''Splinter the Silence ''(2015) *''Insidious Intent'' (2017) *''How the Dead Speak'' (2019)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.davidhigham.co.uk/books-dh/tony-hill-series/in-rats-alley/|title=How the Dead Speak|website=David Higham Associates|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-19}}</ref> ===Inspector Karen Pirie series=== *''The Distant Echo'' (2003) *''A Darker Domain'' (2008) *''The Skeleton Road'' (2014) *''Out of Bounds'' (2016) *''Broken Ground'' (2018) *''Still Life'' (2020) ===The Austen Project=== *''Northanger Abbey'' (2014) ===Ither books=== *''The Writing on the Wall'' (1997); short stories, limited edition o 200 copies *''A Place of Execution'' (1999) *''Killing the Shadows'' (2000) *''Stranded'' (2005); short stories *''Cleanskin'' (2006) *''The Grave Tattoo'' (2006) *''Trick of the Dark'' (2010) dedicated tae [[Mary Bennett]] (1913-2003) & [[Kathy Wilkes|Kathy Vaughan Wilkes]] (1946-2003) *''The Vanishing Point'' (2012) ===Bairns's buiks=== *''My Granny is a Pirate'' (2012)<ref>Orchard Books. {{ISBN|978-1-40830-927-8}}.</ref> *''The High Heid Yin's New Claes'' furthsetten in ''The Itchy Coo Book o Hans Christian Andersen Fairy Tales in Scots'' (2020) ===Non-fiction=== *''A Suitable Job for a Woman'' (1995) *''Bodies of Evidence'' (2014) *''Forensics – The Anatomy of Crime'' (2014)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.valmcdermid.com/books/forensics/|title=Forensics – The Anatomy of Crime|publisher=Val McDermid official website|access-date=2020-09-16|archive-date=2020-09-22|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922174111/https://www.valmcdermid.com/books/forensics/|url-status=dead}}</ref> *''Forensics: What Bugs, Burns, Prints, DNA, and More Tell Us About Crime'' (2015) ==References== {{reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{DEFAULTSORT:McDermid, Val}} [[Category:1955 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Fowk frae Kirkcaudy]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Kirkcaldy High School]] [[Category:Scots crime feection writers]] [[Category:Scots meestery writers]] [[Category:Scots weemen novelists]] [[Category:Lesbian writers]] [[Category:Members o the Detection Club]] [[Category:LGBT writers frae Scotland]] [[Category:Lambda Leeterar Awaird winners]] [[Category:Anthony Awaird winners]] [[Category:Macavity Awaird winners]] [[Category:Barry Awaird winners]] [[Category:Dilys Awaird winners]] [[Category:Weemen meestery writers]] [[Category:LGBT novelists]] [[Category:20t-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:21st-century Scots novelists]] [[Category:20t-century weemen writers]] [[Category:21st-century weemen writers]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Edinburgh]] [[Category:Fellaes o the Ryal Society o Leeteratur]] jp4fhpblwlxpph9bdocof08izqt1yud 2 208877 917398 913868 2026-05-29T01:45:21Z UrielAcosta 56283 917398 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Fixscots}} [[File:Canada goose in Central Park 1.png|thumb|left|234px|A [[Canadae guiss]] in [[Central Pairk]] in The Pool, a bouk o watter aboot 150 metres frae ma apairtment biggin in [[New York City|New York]]]] This is ma uiser page in the Scots leid.<br/>See an aw ma ither pages: * [[:en:User:UrielAcosta|My page in English]]<br/> * [[:es:Usuario:UrielAcosta|Mi página en español]] * [[:pt:Usuário:UrielAcosta|Minha página em português]]<br/> * [[:ia:Usator:UrielAcosta|Mi pagina in interlingua]]<br/><br/> {{userbox | border-c = #adadee | border-s = 0 | id = {{{id|✡}}} | id-c = #e9e9ff | id-fc = blue | id-op = font-size:xx-large; | info = This uiser is '''[[Jewish]]''' | info-s = 12 | info-c = #fafaff | usercategory = <includeonly>Jewish Wikipedians</includeonly> | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}<noinclude>[[Category:Jews and Judaism user templates|Jew]]</noinclude> {{clear}} {{userbox | border-c = 0 | border-s = 1 | id = [[Image:Anarchy-symbol-red.svg|42px]] | id-c = #000000 | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 12 | info = This uiser is an '''[[Anarchism|<span style="color:#eeeeee">anarchist</span>]]''' | info-c = #000000 | info-fc = #ffffff | info-s = 12 | info-op = text-align:center; | usercategory = | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }}<noinclude>[[Category:Political user templates|Anarchist]]</noinclude> {{clear}}</div> {{userbox | border-c = 0 | border-s = 1 | id = [[File:Frederick Douglass at the New York Historical Society 25 (cropped).jpg|65px]] | id-c = DarkGoldenrod | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 12 | info = This uiser kens that '''[[Black Lives Matter|<span style="color:FloralWhite">Black Lives Matter</span>]]'''. | info-c = DarkGoldenrod | info-fc = White | info-s = 13 | info-op = text-align:center; | usercategory = | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} {{Clear}} </div> </div> {{Clear}} {{Userbox |border-c = black |border-s = 0 |info-c = #00FF00 |info-s = 12 |info-fc = black |info-a = center |id = [[File:Gaza Strip map2 heb.svg|50px]] |id-c = black |info = This user oppones [[Benjamin Netanyahu|Netanyahu]]'s genocide in [[Gaza Strip|Gaza]]</span> |nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} {{Clear}} {{userbox | border-c = 0 | border-s = 1 | id = [[Image:Ashjian family, killed in Armenian genocide 1915.jpg|108px]] | id-c = #ffffff | id-fc = #000000 | id-s = 12 | info = This uiser oppones the denial o the '''[[Armenie Genocide|<span style="color:FloralWhite">Armenie Genocide</span>]]'''. | info-c = Blue | info-fc = White | info-s = 13 | info-op = text-align:center; | usercategory = | nocat = {{{nocat|}}} }} <noinclude> [[Category:Political user templates]] </noinclude></div> [[Category:Uiser sco-1|UrielAcosta]] {{clear}}</div> {{multiple image|total_width=360|align=left|direction=horizontal |title= |image1=Rainbow over Malcolm X Boulevard.jpg |caption1=Rainbowe ower [[Malcolm X Boulevard|Malcolm X Bld]] |image2=Cathedral of John the Divine sculpture sitting chimp 3 - Ape & Angel.jpg |caption2=[[Peace Funtain]]: Ape & Aungel}} [[Special:CentralAuth/UrielAcosta|A hae mair nor 80,000 eedits in aw wikis]], includin [[:en:|Inglis]] (whaur A hae mair nor 50,000 edits), [[:ia:|Interlingua]] (10,000+), [[:pt:|Portuguese]] (7000+), [[:es:|Spaingie]] (3000+), an [[:sco:|Scots]] (500+), an forby in [[:commons:|Wikicommons]] (8000+) an [[:wikidata:|Wikidata]] (1000+). Aw o the photaes on this page (includin the twa in ma uiser boxes) are frae ma contreibutions tae Wikicommons. A'm tryin tae learn the Scots leid, whilk isna ma mither tongue.<br/> {{multiple image|total_width=360|align=left|direction=horizontal |title= |image1 = Anais Nin inscriptio to Marjorie Anais Housepian Dobkin.jpg |caption1 =[[Anaïs Nin]]'s [[The Diary of Anaïs Nin|diary]] inscribit tae [[Marjorie Housepian Dobkin|Marjorie Anaïs Housepian]] |image2 = Judith Malina on the grounds of the Actors Fund Home in Englewood NJ circa 2014 photographed by Jay Dobkin.jpeg |caption2 =[[Judith Malina]], foonder & director o [[The Living Theatre]]}} {{multiple image|total_width=360|align=left|direction=horizontal |title=| image2 = Looking west across the Pool in Central Park 16.jpg |caption2 =Lookin wast ower The Pool in [[Central Pairk]] |image1 = Duckling flexing its wings.jpg |caption1 =A [[muir deuk]]lin in [[Central Pairk]] }} {{Babel|en|pt-3|es-3|ia-3|fr-2|sco-1}} tpdk2mclng6hyamjz13vm3wddy8wlr8 0 221210 917336 897801 2026-05-28T20:04:13Z Ooligan 110376 Better photo/ foto/ image 917336 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Micheál Martin | honorific-suffix = [[Teachta Dála|TD]] | image = 2026 Micheál Martin - (cropped).jpg | order = 15t | office = Taoiseach | president = [[Michael D. Higgins]] | 1blankname = [[Tánaiste]] | 1namedata = [[Leo Varadkar]] | term_start = 27 Juin 2020 | term_end = 17 December 2022 | predecessor = [[Leo Varadkar]] | successor = Leo Varadkar | office2 = [[Leader o the Opposeetion (Ireland)|Leader o the Opposeetion]] | president2 = [[Mary McAleese]]<br>[[Michael D. Higgins]] | taoiseach2 = [[Enda Kenny]]<br>[[Leo Varadkar]] | term_start2 = 9 Mairch 2011 | term_end2 = 27 Juin 2020 | predecessor2 = [[Enda Kenny]] | successor2 = [[Mary Lou McDonald]] | office1 = [[Leader o Fianna Fáil]] | deputy1 = [[Mary Hanafin]]<br>[[Brian Lenihan Jnr]]<br>[[Éamon Ó Cuív]]<br>[[Dara Calleary]] | term_start1 = 26 Januar 2011 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Brian Cowen]] | successor1 = | office3 = [[Meenister for Furrin Affairs an Tred|Meenister for Furrin Affairs]] | taoiseach3 = [[Brian Cowen]] | term_start3 = 7 Mey 2008 | term_end3 = 18 Januar 2011 | predecessor3 = [[Dermot Ahern]] | successor3 = Brian Cowen | office4 = [[Meenister for Business, Enterprise an Innovation|Meenister for Enterprise, Trade an Employment]] | taoiseach4 = [[Bertie Ahern]] | term_start4 = 29 September 2004 | term_end4 = 7 Mey 2008 | predecessor4 = [[Mary Harney]] | successor4 = [[Mary Coughlan (politeecian)|Mary Coughlan]] | office5 = [[Meenister for Heal (Ireland)|Meenister for Heal an Childer]] | taoiseach5 = Bertie Ahern | term_start5 = 27 Januar 2000 | term_end5 = 29 September 2004 | predecessor5 = Brian Cowen | successor5 = [[Mary Harney]] | office6 = [[Meenister for Eddication an Skills|Meenister for Eddication an Science]] | taoiseach6 = Bertie Ahern | term_start6 = 26 Juin 1997 | term_end6 = 27 Januar 2000 | predecessor6 = [[Niamh Bhreathnach]] <small>(Eddication)</small> | successor6 = [[Michael Woods (politeecian)|Michael Woods]] | office7 = [[Laird Mayor o Cork]] | term_start7 = 20 Juin 1992 | term_end7 = 21 Juin 1993 | predecessor7 = [[Denis Cregan]] | successor7 = John Murray | office8 = [[Teachta Dála]] | term_start8 = [[1989 Erse general election|Juin 1989]] | term_end8 = | constituency8 = [[Cork Sooth-Central (Dáil constituency)|Cork Sooth-Central]] | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|8|1|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Turners Cross, Cork]], Ireland | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = [[Erse fowk|Erse]] | party = [[Fianna Fáil]] | spouse = {{marriage|Mary O'Shea|1989}} | children = 5 | education = [[Coláiste Chríost Rí]] | alma_mater = [[University College Cork]] | signature = | website = {{URL|michealmartin.ie}}| }} '''Micheál Martin''' ({{IPA-ga|ˈmʲiːçaːl̪ˠ}} <ref>Martin spells his first name Micheál, that is withoot an [[acute accent]], or ''síneadh fada'' ower the i. See Martin's offeecial wabsteid [http://www.michealmartin.ie/ Micheál Martin TD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107224838/http://www.michealmartin.ie/ |date=2007-01-07 }}. The [[Irish leid]] version o the name Michael is uisually spelt Mícheál.</ref><ref name=oireachtas_db>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Miche%C3%A1l-Martin.D.1989-06-29/|title=Micheál Martin|work=Oireachtas Members Database|accessdate=8 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="2:3">[https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/irish-politics-needs-to-wake-up-to-the-consequences-of-a-no-deal-brexit-1.3940495 "Irish politics needs to wake up to the consequences of a no-deal Brexit"]: ''[[The Irish Times]]'', published 6/29/20</ref>; born 1 August 1960) is a Irish [[Fianna Fáil]] politician that serrt as [[Taoiseach]] o Ireland frae 2020 til 2022 an haes been the [[Leader o Fianna Fáil]] syne 2011. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, Micheal}} [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o University College Cork]] [[Category:Fianna Fáil TDs]] [[Category:Erse schuilteachers]] [[Category:Leaders o Fianna Fáil]] [[Category:Local cooncillors in Cork (ceety)]] [[Category:Laird Mayors o Cork]] [[Category:Members o the 26t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 27t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 28t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 29t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 30t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 31st Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 32nt Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 33rd Dáil]] [[Category:Meenisters for Eddication (Ireland)]] [[Category:Meenisters for Furrin Affairs (Ireland)]] [[Category:Meenisters for Heal (Ireland)]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Coonty Cork]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Coláiste Chríost Rí]] [[Category:Taoisigh]] ex7403pkybd29mwxrriroolo01728wb 917343 917336 2026-05-28T22:28:56Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 917343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox officeholder | name = Micheál Martin | honorific-suffix = [[Teachta Dála|TD]] | image = 2026 Micheál Martin - (cropped).jpg | order = 15t | office = Taoiseach | president = [[Michael D. Higgins]] | 1blankname = [[Tánaiste]] | 1namedata = [[Leo Varadkar]] | term_start = 27 Juin 2020 | term_end = 17 December 2022 | predecessor = [[Leo Varadkar]] | successor = Leo Varadkar | office2 = [[Leader o the Opposeetion (Ireland)|Leader o the Opposeetion]] | president2 = [[Mary McAleese]]<br>[[Michael D. Higgins]] | taoiseach2 = [[Enda Kenny]]<br>[[Leo Varadkar]] | term_start2 = 9 Mairch 2011 | term_end2 = 27 Juin 2020 | predecessor2 = [[Enda Kenny]] | successor2 = [[Mary Lou McDonald]] | office1 = [[Leader o Fianna Fáil]] | deputy1 = [[Mary Hanafin]]<br>[[Brian Lenihan Jnr]]<br>[[Éamon Ó Cuív]]<br>[[Dara Calleary]] | term_start1 = 26 Januar 2011 | term_end1 = | predecessor1 = [[Brian Cowen]] | successor1 = | office3 = [[Meenister for Furrin Affairs an Tred|Meenister for Furrin Affairs]] | taoiseach3 = [[Brian Cowen]] | term_start3 = 7 Mey 2008 | term_end3 = 18 Januar 2011 | predecessor3 = [[Dermot Ahern]] | successor3 = Brian Cowen | office4 = [[Meenister for Business, Enterprise an Innovation|Meenister for Enterprise, Trade an Employment]] | taoiseach4 = [[Bertie Ahern]] | term_start4 = 29 September 2004 | term_end4 = 7 Mey 2008 | predecessor4 = [[Mary Harney]] | successor4 = [[Mary Coughlan (politeecian)|Mary Coughlan]] | office5 = [[Meenister for Heal (Ireland)|Meenister for Heal an Childer]] | taoiseach5 = Bertie Ahern | term_start5 = 27 Januar 2000 | term_end5 = 29 September 2004 | predecessor5 = Brian Cowen | successor5 = [[Mary Harney]] | office6 = [[Meenister for Eddication an Skills|Meenister for Eddication an Science]] | taoiseach6 = Bertie Ahern | term_start6 = 26 Juin 1997 | term_end6 = 27 Januar 2000 | predecessor6 = [[Niamh Bhreathnach]] <small>(Eddication)</small> | successor6 = [[Michael Woods (politeecian)|Michael Woods]] | office7 = [[Laird Mayor o Cork]] | term_start7 = 20 Juin 1992 | term_end7 = 21 Juin 1993 | predecessor7 = [[Denis Cregan]] | successor7 = John Murray | office8 = [[Teachta Dála]] | term_start8 = [[1989 Erse general election|Juin 1989]] | term_end8 = | constituency8 = [[Cork Sooth-Central (Dáil constituency)|Cork Sooth-Central]] | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth date and age|1960|8|1|df=y}} | birth_place = [[Turners Cross, Cork]], Ireland | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = [[Erse fowk|Erse]] | party = [[Fianna Fáil]] | spouse = {{marriage|Mary O'Shea|1989}} | children = 5 | education = [[Coláiste Chríost Rí]] | alma_mater = [[University College Cork]] | signature = | website = {{URL|michealmartin.ie}}| }} '''Micheál Martin''' ({{IPA-ga|ˈmʲiːçaːl̪ˠ}} <ref>Martin spells his first name Micheál, that is withoot an [[acute accent]], or ''síneadh fada'' ower the i. See Martin's offeecial wabsteid [http://www.michealmartin.ie/ Micheál Martin TD] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070107224838/http://www.michealmartin.ie/ |date=2007-01-07 }}. The [[Irish leid]] version o the name Michael is uisually spelt Mícheál.</ref><ref name=oireachtas_db>{{cite web|url=https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/members/member/Miche%C3%A1l-Martin.D.1989-06-29/|title=Micheál Martin|work=Oireachtas Members Database|accessdate=8 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="2:3">[https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/irish-politics-needs-to-wake-up-to-the-consequences-of-a-no-deal-brexit-1.3940495 "Irish politics needs to wake up to the consequences of a no-deal Brexit"]: ''[[The Irish Times]]'', published 6/29/20</ref>; born 1 August 1960) is a Erse [[Fianna Fáil]] poleetician that served as [[Taoiseach]] o Ireland frae 2020 til 2022 an haes been the [[Leader o Fianna Fáil]] syne 2011. ==References== {{Reflist}} {{Authority control}} {{stub}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Martin, Micheal}} [[Category:1960 births]] [[Category:Livin fowk]] [[Category:Alumni o University College Cork]] [[Category:Fianna Fáil TDs]] [[Category:Erse schuilteachers]] [[Category:Leaders o Fianna Fáil]] [[Category:Local cooncillors in Cork (ceety)]] [[Category:Laird Mayors o Cork]] [[Category:Members o the 26t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 27t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 28t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 29t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 30t Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 31st Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 32nt Dáil]] [[Category:Members o the 33rd Dáil]] [[Category:Meenisters for Eddication (Ireland)]] [[Category:Meenisters for Furrin Affairs (Ireland)]] [[Category:Meenisters for Heal (Ireland)]] [[Category:Politeecians frae Coonty Cork]] [[Category:Fowk eddicatit at Coláiste Chríost Rí]] [[Category:Taoisigh]] tbpbufy29qr74kohhvpecyc36w1p72r 0 221610 917414 917240 2026-05-29T10:44:58Z InternetArchiveBot 79721 Rescuing 8 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 917414 wikitext text/x-wiki {{short description|open soorce programmin leid for numerical analysis}} {{Infobox software | name = GNU Octave | logo = [[File:Gnu-octave-logo.svg|100px]] | screenshot = GNUOctave430.png | caption = GNU Octave 4.3.0+ running on [[Linux]] | developer = John W. Eaton and many others<ref>{{cite web|title=contributors.in|author=Rik|url=http://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave/file/tip/doc/interpreter/contributors.in|accessdate=14 June 2015|date=10 June 2015|archive-date=2022-04-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220410042500/http://hg.savannah.gnu.org/hgweb/octave/file/tip/doc/interpreter/contributors.in|url-status=dead}}</ref> | released = {{Start date and age|1988}} | latest release version = 5.2.0 | latest release date = {{Start date and age|2020|02|03|df=yes}}<!-- <ref>{{cite web|title=GNU Octave 5.1.0 Released|date=1 March 2019 |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2019/03/01/octave-5.1-released.html}}</ref> --> | programming language = [[C (programmin leid)|C]], [[C++]], [[Fortran]]<ref name="octave_building">{{cite web|title=Building - Octave|url=https://wiki.octave.org/Building|website=wiki.octave.org|publisher=GNU|accessdate=1 May 2018|language=en}}</ref> | operating system = [[Windows]], [[macOS]], [[Linux]], [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]] | platform = <!--List them all--> | genre = [[Numerical analysis]] | license = [[GNU General Public License|GNU GPLv3]] | website = {{URL|https://gnu.org/software/octave/}} }} '''GNU Octave''' is an [[open soorce]] [[programmin leid]] for [[numerical analysis]] (especially [[numerical linear algebra]])<ref>Hansen, J. S. (2011). GNU Octave: Beginner's Guide: Become a Proficient Octave User by Learning this High-level Scientific Numerical Tool from the Ground Up. Packt Publishing Ltd.</ref><ref>Eaton, J. W. (2012). GNU Octave and reproducible research. Journal of Process Control, 22(8), 1433-1438.</ref><ref>Eaton, J. W. (2001, March). Octave: Past, present and future. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Distributed Statistical Computing.</ref>. It is maistly compatible wi [[MATLAB]] bi [[MathWorks]]. ==Usage== GNU Octave wis oreeginally made for numerical analysis. But the day, it is an aw usit for the followin purposes (the purposes mey increase in the future): * [[Interval arithmetic]] <ref>Heimlich, O. (2016, June). Interval arithmetic in GNU Octave. In SWIM 2016: Summer Workshop on Interval Methods.</ref><ref>S.M. Rump: [[INTLAB]] - INTerval LABoratory. In Tibor Csendes, editor, Developments in Reliable Computing, pages 77-104. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1999.</ref> * [[Numerical methods for ordinary differential equations]]<ref>Wouwer, A. V., Saucez, P., & Vilas, C. (2014). Simulation of Ode/Pde Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and [[Scilab]]: Scientific and Engineering Applications. Springer.</ref> * [[Numerical methods for pairtial differential equations]]<ref>Frank, F., Reuter, B., Aizinger, V., & Knabner, P. (2015). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method, Part I: Diffusion operator. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 70(1), 11-46.</ref><ref>Reuter, B., Aizinger, V., Wieland, M., Frank, F., & Knabner, P. (2016). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method, Part II: Advection operator and slope limiting. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 72(7), 1896-1925.</ref><ref>Jaust, A., Reuter, B., Aizinger, V., Schütz, J., & Knabner, P. (2018). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method. Part III: Hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) formulation. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 75(12), 4505-4533.</ref><ref>Reuter, B., Rupp, A., Aizinger, V., Frank, F., & Knabner, P. (2018). FESTUNG: A MATLAB/GNU Octave toolbox for the discontinuous Galerkin method. Part IV: Generic problem framework and model-coupling interface. arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.03908.</ref> * Scienteefic [[eddication]]<ref>Sharma, N., & Gobbert, M. K. (2010). A comparative evaluation of Matlab, Octave, FreeMat, and Scilab for research and teaching. UMBC Faculty Collection.</ref> ==Development== {| class="wikitable" |- ! Time !! Action |- |align="right"| 1988/1989 || 1st discussions (Beuk an [[Saftware]]) |- |align="right"| Februar 1992 || Begin o Development |- |align="right"| Januar 1993 || News in Wab (Version 0.60) |- |align="right"| Februar 1994 || 1st Publication (Version 1.0.0 tae 1.1.1)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-1.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028211150/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| December 1996 || 2nt Publication (Version 2.0.x) wi Windows Port (Cygwin)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-2.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028204759/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| Mairch 1998 || Version 2.1 |- |align="right"| November 2004 || Version 2.9 (DEV Version o 3.0)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/2012/12/31/news-archive.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308102930/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/2012/12/31/news-archive.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| December 2007 || Publication o Version 3.0 (Milestone)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109023626/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| Juin 2009 || Publication o Version 3.2 (Milestone)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.2.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2016-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430000930/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 8 Februar 2011 || Version 3.4.0 (Milestone)<ref>https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.4.html{{Dead link|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 22 Februar 2012 || Publication o Octave 3.6.1 (Milestone)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.6.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130175043/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.6.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2013/02/21/octave-3.6.4-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308111422/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2013/02/21/octave-3.6.4-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 31 December 2013 || Publication o Octave 3.8.0 (experimental GUI)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.8.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112025556/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-3.8.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2013/12/31/octave-3.8.0-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308124510/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2013/12/31/octave-3.8.0-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2014/03/04/octave-3.8.1-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308133835/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2014/03/04/octave-3.8.1-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 29 May 2015 || Version 4.0.0 (stable GUI an new [[syntax]])<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.0.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-10-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002200349/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.0.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2015/05/29/octave-4.0.0-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308141335/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2015/05/29/octave-4.0.0-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/03/23/octave-4.0.1-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308160727/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/03/23/octave-4.0.1-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/07/02/octave-4.0.3-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2021-03-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210308222926/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2016/07/02/octave-4.0.3-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 14 November 2016 || Version 4.2.0 (gnuplot 4.4+)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/2016/11/14/octave-4.2.0-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2016-11-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161119181350/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/2016/11/14/octave-4.2.0-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.2.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028210352/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.2.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2017/02/24/octave-4.2.1-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2017-04-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170430131650/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2017/02/24/octave-4.2.1-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/03/13/octave-4.2.2-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109035257/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/03/13/octave-4.2.2-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 30 Apryle 2018 || Version 4.4.0 (new Goal for GUI QT Toolkit, FLTK deprecatin in future)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.4.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028204431/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-4.4.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/04/30/octave-4.4.0-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-11-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109032705/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/04/30/octave-4.4.0-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/08/09/octave-4.4.1-released.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-11-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201122143901/https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/news/release/2018/08/09/octave-4.4.1-released.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |- |align="right"| 1 Mairch 2019 || Publication o Octave 5.1.0 (QT5 preferrit)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-5.1.html |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-07-31 |archive-date=2020-10-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028203306/http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/NEWS-5.1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> |} ==References== {{reflist|2}} ==External links== {{Commons category-inline|GNU Octave}} {{Wikibooks|Octave Programming Tutorial}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gnu Octave}} [[Category:Free saftware]] [[Category:Computer science]] [[Category:Computin]] [[Category:Linux saftware]] mjyksclp4bv23yzmt89jfyj1ogrhlcm 0 231744 917403 916509 2026-05-29T03:17:29Z ~2026-31916-74 132026 917403 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Ulterior Motives | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = Who's Who (Christopher an Philip Booth) | album = Ulterior Motives | recorded = August 1985 (oreeginal)<br>1990, early 2024 (remak) | released = 22 Juin 2024 (remak)<br>29 Mey 2026 (oreeginal) | genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Klee |first=Miles |date=November 12, 2023 |title=Internet Sleuths Want to Track Down This Mystery Pop Song. They Only Have 17 Seconds of It |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/everyone-knows-that-lost-mystery-song-1234875326/ |access-date=November 16, 2023 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> | length = 3:35 (oreeginal)<br>3:50 (remak) | label = Spooked Music Releasing | writer = Christopher Booth, Phillip Booth | producer = | misc = {{external music video|header=Snippet/recording| {{YouTube|qMHB0k8-wKg|"Everyone Knows That (Ulterior Motives)"}} | type = sang }}| | format = }} '''Ulterior Motives''' is a [[Pop muisic|pop]] sang bi the Canadian sangsers Christopher an Philip Booth, uised in the 1986 porn film ''Angels of Passion''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=às 09:00|first=Bárbara Castro Publicado 24 de Fevereiro de 2024|date=2024-02-24|title=Mistério! Conheça a música "perdida" dos anos 1980 que intriga a internet|url=https://br.ign.com/tech/119914/news/misterio-conheca-a-musica-perdida-dos-anos-1980-que-intriga-a-internet|access-date=2024-02-25|website=IGN Brasil|language=pt-br}}</ref> The sang wisna kenspeckle til 2024, an wis umwhile kent as '''"Everyone Knows That"''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''awbodie kens that''). In 2026, the oreeginal 1985 version o the sang frae ''Angels of Passion'' wis foond in the Booths' airchives. == References == <references /> fpfq69e71vq3lo5zbadbzdern8utq46 917405 917403 2026-05-29T08:29:37Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox song | name = Ulterior Motives | cover = | alt = | type = | artist = Who's Who (Christopher an Philip Booth) | album = Ulterior Motives | recorded = August 1985 (oreeginal)<br>1990, early 2024 (remak) | released = 22 Juin 2024 (remak)<br>29 Mey 2026 (oreeginal) | genre = [[Pop music|Pop]]<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Klee |first=Miles |date=November 12, 2023 |title=Internet Sleuths Want to Track Down This Mystery Pop Song. They Only Have 17 Seconds of It |url=https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/everyone-knows-that-lost-mystery-song-1234875326/ |access-date=November 16, 2023 |magazine=[[Rolling Stone]]}}</ref> | length = 3:35 (oreeginal)<br>3:50 (remak) | label = Spooked Music Releasing | writer = Christopher Booth, Phillip Booth | producer = | misc = {{external music video|header=Snippet/recording| {{YouTube|qMHB0k8-wKg|"Everyone Knows That (Ulterior Motives)"}} | type = sang }}| | format = }} '''Ulterior Motives''' is a [[Pop muisic|pop]] sang bi the Canadian sangsters Christopher an Philip Booth, uised in the 1986 porn film ''Angels of Passion''.<ref>{{Cite web|last=às 09:00|first=Bárbara Castro Publicado 24 de Fevereiro de 2024|date=2024-02-24|title=Mistério! Conheça a música "perdida" dos anos 1980 que intriga a internet|url=https://br.ign.com/tech/119914/news/misterio-conheca-a-musica-perdida-dos-anos-1980-que-intriga-a-internet|access-date=2024-02-25|website=IGN Brasil|language=pt-br}}</ref> The sang wisna kenspeckle til 2024, an wis umwhile kent as '''"Everyone Knows That"''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: A''wbodie Kens That''). In 2026, the oreeginal 1985 version o the sang frae ''Angels of Passion'' wis foond in the Booths' airchives. == References == <references /> i28q79vw2e1p8kfcc05vj1vb5ufgow7 0 233516 917344 917206 2026-05-28T22:40:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox televeesion | image = | caption = Title caird | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Science fiction on televeesion|Science fiction]] * [[Horror fiction|Horror]] * [[meestery fiction|Meestery]] }} | creator = John Griffin | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Harold Perrineau]] * [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] * [[Eion Bailey]] * [[David Alpay]] * [[Elizabeth Saunders]] * [[Shaun Majumder]] * [[Scott McCord]] * [[Ricky He]] * [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] * Pegah Ghafoori * [[Corteon Moore]] * [[Hannah Cheramy]] * Simon Webster * [[Avery Konrad]] * Paul Zinno * Elizabeth Moy <!-- Saison 2 --> * [[Deborah Grover]] * Angela Moore * Kaelen Ohm * A.J. Simmons * Nathan D. Simmons <!-- Saison 3 --> * [[Robert Joy]] * Samantha Brown <!-- Saison 4 --> * Julia Doyle }} | composer = [[Chris Tilton]] | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 35 | list_episodes = Leet o From episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Rola Bauer * Lindsay Dunn * Michael Wright * Nancy Cotton * [[Anthony an Joe Russo]] * [[Mike Larocca]] * [[Jack Bender]] * John Griffin * [[Jeff Pinkner]] * [[Josh Appelbaum]] * [[André Nemec]] * [[Scott Rosenberg]] * Harold Perrineau }} | producer = Michael Mahoney | location = [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * David Greene * Christopher Ball * [[Michael Wale]] }} | editor = {{Plainlist| * Wendy Hallam Martin * Ana Yavari * Dan Briceno * Stephen Lawrence * Michele Conroy * Maxyme Tremblay }} | runtime = 46–60 meenits | company = {{Plainlist| * Midnight Radio * [[AGBO|Gozie AGBO]] * [[MGM Television]] * MGM+ Studios }} | network = [[MGM+|Epix]] (2022) / [[MGM+]] (syne 2023) | first_aired = {{Start date|2022|2|20}} | last_aired = present |opentheme="[[Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)]]" bi [[Pixies (baund)|Pixies]]}} '''''From''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Frae'', stylisit as '''FROM''') is an American [[Science fiction on televeesion|science fiction]] [[Horror fiction|horror]] telly series creatit bi John Griffin. The furst saison premiered on 20 Februar 2022, on [[MGM+|Epix]]. The series starns [[Harold Perrineau]], [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]], [[Eion Bailey]], [[David Alpay]], [[Elizabeth Saunders]], [[Scott McCord]], [[Ricky He]], an [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] in main roles. The series haes received creetical acclaim fur its story, directin, an the performances o the cast (pairticulairly Perrineau). The seicont saison premiered on the rebrandit [[MGM+]] in Aprile 2023. The thrid saison premiered in September 2024. In November 2024, the series wis renewed fur a fowert saison, that premiered on 19 Aprile 2026. In Aprile 2026, the series wis renewed fur a fift an final saison. == Owerview == The series is set in a nichtmarish toun in the Unitit States that traps thaim wha enter. The unwillin indwallers strive tae remain alive whiles plagued bi terrifying nocturnal craiturs frae the surroondin forest as thay sairch fur secrets hidden athin the toun an beyond in the hope o findin a wey oot. The series centres on Boyd Stevens (Perrineau), the sel-appyntit sheriff an de facto mayor, an the Matthews faimily, new arrivals wha diskiver thay are trappit. The toun's indwallers maun wirk thegither tae stay alive an find a wey tae escape. == Cast an chairacters == === Main === * [[Harold Perrineau]] as Boyd Stevens, the sel-appyntit [[sheriff]] an de facto mayor o the Tounship. He is a retired US Airmy veteran wha served in [[Afghanistan]] an [[Iraq]]. Boyd is estranged frae his son Ellis efter killin his wife, Abby, wha haed a [[Mental ail|mental brakdoun]] an attackit some o the tounsfowk. * [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] as Tabitha Matthews, Jim's wife an Julie an Ethan's mither, wha thegither are new arrivals tae the toun. She chuises tae bide in the Tounship wi her hauf-marrae an son an is aye mournin the recent loss o her yungest bairn, Thomas. At the end o the thrid saison, she is revealed tae be a [[reincarnation]] o Miranda Kavanaugh. Vivian Crooks portrays yung Tabitha. * [[Eion Bailey]] as Jim Matthews (saisons 1–3; guest saison 4), Tabitha's hauf-marrae an Julie an Ethan's faither, wha bides in the Tounship wi his wife an son. He wirks wi Jade tae find a wey tae escape the toun an contact the ootside warld. * [[David Alpay]] as Jade Herrera, a wealthy saftware developer wha arrives at the toun on the same day as the Matthews faimily. In maugre o his intelligence, he is initially arrogant an abrasive tae the Tounship indwallers an struggles wi his new circumstances. At the end o the thrid saison, he is revealed tae be a reincarnation o Christopher. Viggo Hanvelt portrays yung Jade. * [[Elizabeth Saunders]] as Donna Raines, the leader o the indwallers at Colony Hoose, wha bide separately frae the Tounship * [[Shaun Majumder]] as Father Rudra Khatri (saison 1; guest saisons 2–3), the Tounship's Christian [[priest]] an vyce o raison in the commonty. Follaein his daith, he continues tae appear afore Boyd as a [[hallucination]]. * [[Scott McCord]] as Victor Kavanaugh, a peculiar Colony Hoose indwaller trappit in the toun syne he wis a bairn. Eli Arsenault portrays yung Victor durin flashbacks. * [[Ricky He]] as Kenny Liu, Boyd's deputy an richt-haund man, wha bides wi his agin parents in the Tounship * [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] as Kristi Miller, the Tounship's doctor an a umwhile medical student wha wis separatit frae her [[Engagement|fiancée]] whan she becam trappit in the toun * Pegah Ghafoori as Fatima Hassan, Ellis's lassfreend, later wife, an ane o the Colony Hoose indwallers * [[Corteon Moore]] as Ellis Stevens, Boyd's son, wha bides estranged frae his faither at Colony Hoose * [[Hannah Cheramy]] as Julie Matthews, Jim an Tabitha's teenage dochter an Ethan's aulder sister, wha at furst chuises tae bide at Colony Hoose, whaur she befreends Ellis an Fatima * Simon Webster as Ethan Matthews, Jim an Tabitha's yung son an Julie's yunger brither, wha bides wi his parents in the Tounship * [[Avery Konrad]] as Sara Myers, Nathan's sister wha wirks at the Tounship's [[diner]]. She haes frequent hallucinations that command her tae kill ither indwallers o the Tounship. * Paul Zinno as Nathan Myers (saison 1), Sara's brither, wha bides in the Tounship an tends tae the ferm ainimals * Elizabeth Moy as Tian-Chen Liu (saisons 1–3), Kenny's mither an Bing-Qian's wife, wha rins the diner in the Tounship * [[Deborah Grover]] as Tillie (saisons 2–3), an agin, carefree wumman an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * Angela Moore as Bakta (saison 2–present), a bus driver wha unknawingly brings mony new arrivals tae the toun * Kaelen Ohm as Marielle Sinclair (saison 2–present), Kristi's fiancée, a [[Pediatrics|pediatric]] nurse, an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * A.J. Simmons as Randall Kirkland (saison 2–present), a volatile, quick-tae-anger man an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * Nathan D. Simmons as Elgin Williams (saison 2–present), ane o the bus passengers wha haed [[Oneiromancy|prophetic dreams]] aboot the toun prior tae his arrival. * [[Robert Joy]] as Henry Kavanaugh (saison 3–present), Victor's faither, wha bidit alane in [[Camden, Maine]], fur fowerty years efter the disappearance o his wife an bairn. * Samantha Brown as Dani Acosta (saison 3–present), a polis officer broucht tae the toun efter pickin up Tabitha an Henry in the ootside warld. * Julia Doyle as Sophia (saison 4), a pastor's dochter. Sophia is a disguise uised bi the shapeshiftin "Man in Yellow", tae infiltrate the toun's indwallers. === Recurrin === * Reid Price as Tom (saison 1; guest saisons 2–3), the Tounship's freendly bartender an a umwhile college professor * Cynthia Jimenez-Hicks as Trudy (saison 1), Ellis an Fatima's freend, an ane o the Colony Hoose indwallers * Vox Smith as the "Boy in White" (saison 1; guest saisons 2–4), a meesterious bairn-lik feegur wha anly a select nummer o the tounsfowk can see. This includes Ethan, Sara, Victor, an Tabitha. * Katerina Bakolias as Clara, a Colony Hoose indwaller * Cliff Saunders as Dale (saisons 1–2; guest saison 3), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Matthias Fenez as Matthias (saison 2), the duirman fur Colony Hoose * Zach Faye as Reggie (saison 2), a indwaller o the Tounship whase wife, Paula, wis meesteriously killt in her sleep * Shuoxin Fu as the "Kimono Woman" (saison 3; guest saison 2), a monstrous corpse-lik wumman Elgin an Fatima see durin veesions === Guest === * Simon Sinn as Bing-Qian Liu (saisons 1–2), Kenny's faither an Tian-Chen's hauf-marrae, wha haes dementia an bides in the Tounship wi a collection o recipe beuks an enjoys chess. In the seicont saison, he appears durin flashbacks. * Bob Mann as Frank Pratt (saison 1), a indwaller o the Tounship whase wife an dochter wur killt the nicht afore the Matthews faimily arrivit at the toun * Colby Conrad as Tobey McCray (saison 1), Jade's best freend, wha arrives wi him at the toun on the same day as the Matthews faimily * Jessica Barry as Gina (saison 1), a indwaller o the Tounship wha helps care fur Bing-Qian * Jamie McGuire as the "Smiley Creature", ane o the craiturs that torment the toun, wha is kenspeckle fur the iver-present grin on his face. Efter bein killt durin the seicont saison, he is reborn at the end o the thrid saison. * Christopher Hayes as Kevin (saison 1), a Colony Hoose indwaller wha faws in luve wi ane o the craiturs * Molly Dunsworth as "Jasmine" (saison 1), a craitur wi whom Kevin becomes infatuatit * Lisa Ryder as Abby Stevens (saisons 1–2), Boyd's wife, Ellis's mither, an a retired US Marine wha appears durin flashbacks an veesions * Robert Verlaque as Martin (saisons 2–3), a unco aulder man Boyd finds chyned tae a waw * Seamus Patterson as Brick (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers wha haes claustrophobia * Phoebe Rex as Kelly (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers wha gaes missin wi her ladfreend efter arrivin in the toun * Taras Lesiuk as Brian (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers an Kelly's ladfreend * Thom Payne as Christopher (saisons 2–4), a ventriloquist an indwaller o the Tounship durin Victor's bairnheid * Sarah Booth as Miranda Kavanaugh (saisons 2–3), Victor an Eloise's mither, wha wis killt durin Victor's bairnheid bi the craiturs * Ellie Cluett as Eloise Kavanaugh (saison 2), Victor's yunger sister, wha wis killt durin Victor's bairnheid bi the craiturs * Tamara Fifield as Nicky (saison 3), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Eugene Sampang as Roger (saisons 3–4), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Trina Corkum as Patty (saisons 3–4), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Douglas E. Hughes as the "Man in Yellow" (saison 3–present), a meesterious shapeshiftin entity. His vyce is heard ower the radio at the end o the furst saison an aa. * Rhys Bevan-John as the Pastor (saison 4), a pastor wha enters the Tounship == Production == On 7 Juin 2018, YouTube Red annoonced the development o the John Griffin–creatit series as pairt o an oweraw deal atween production companies Midnight Radio an the Russo brothers' AGBO. Bi Aprile 2021, the series wis transferred tae Epix efter YouTube Red, nou YouTube Premium, muived intae unscriptit programmin. The projeck received an order o ten episodes, wi Jack Bender tae direct the furst fower. In Mey 2021, Harold Perrineau, Eion Bailey an Catalina Sandino Moreno wur cast in lead roles. In Julie, Shaun Majumder, Elizabeth Saunders, Avery Konrad, Hannah Cheramy, Ricky He, Simon Webster, Chloe Van Landschoot, an Pegah Gahfoori jynt the cast. The appenin theme sang, "Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)" (1956), wis performed as a kiver bi American alt-rock baund the Pixies; the muisic score wis componed bi Chris Tilton. The furst saison begound filmin in Mey 2021 in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canadae, wi principal photography aroond Beaver Bank an Sackville River, in the suburban commonty o Lower Sackville. On 24 Aprile 2022, Epix renewed the series fur a seicont saison. On 29 Juin 2023, MGM+ renewed the series fur a thrid saison. On 21 November 2024, MGM+ renewed the series fur a fowert saison. Filmin fur the saison begound in Juin 2025 in Nova Scotia, an concludit that November. On 15 Aprile 2026, MGM+ renewed the series fur a fift an final saison. == Release == The series premiered on Epix on 20 Februar 2022. In Austrailie, it is distributit bi Stan. In the UK, it is braidcast on Sky Sci-Fi. In Canadae an in Italy, it is available tae stream on Paramount+. In Indie, it is available tae stream on Amazon Prime Video. In the Middle East & North Africae, it is available tae stream on OSN+. The seicont saison premiered on the rebrandit MGM+ on 23 Aprile 2023. The thrid saison premiered on 2 September 2024. The fowert saison premiered on 19 Aprile 2026. g95k6uvat6zjrgzppyssmlfhgt9jnrc 917345 917344 2026-05-28T22:50:27Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox televeesion | image = | caption = Title caird | genre = {{Plainlist| * [[Science fiction on televeesion|Science fiction]] * [[Horror fiction|Horror]] * [[meestery fiction|Meestery]] }} | creator = John Griffin | starring = {{Plainlist| * [[Harold Perrineau]] * [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] * [[Eion Bailey]] * [[David Alpay]] * [[Elizabeth Saunders]] * [[Shaun Majumder]] * [[Scott McCord]] * [[Ricky He]] * [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] * Pegah Ghafoori * [[Corteon Moore]] * [[Hannah Cheramy]] * Simon Webster * [[Avery Konrad]] * Paul Zinno * Elizabeth Moy <!-- Saison 2 --> * [[Deborah Grover]] * Angela Moore * Kaelen Ohm * A.J. Simmons * Nathan D. Simmons <!-- Saison 3 --> * [[Robert Joy]] * Samantha Brown <!-- Saison 4 --> * Julia Doyle }} | composer = [[Chris Tilton]] | country = Unitit States | language = Inglis | num_seasons = 4 | num_episodes = 35 | list_episodes = Leet o From episodes | executive_producer = {{Plainlist| * Rola Bauer * Lindsay Dunn * Michael Wright * Nancy Cotton * [[Anthony an Joe Russo]] * [[Mike Larocca]] * [[Jack Bender]] * John Griffin * [[Jeff Pinkner]] * [[Josh Appelbaum]] * [[André Nemec]] * [[Scott Rosenberg]] * Harold Perrineau }} | producer = Michael Mahoney | location = [[Nova Scotia]], Canadae | cinematography = {{Plainlist| * David Greene * Christopher Ball * [[Michael Wale]] }} | editor = {{Plainlist| * Wendy Hallam Martin * Ana Yavari * Dan Briceno * Stephen Lawrence * Michele Conroy * Maxyme Tremblay }} | runtime = 46–60 meenits | company = {{Plainlist| * Midnight Radio * [[AGBO|Gozie AGBO]] * [[MGM Television]] * MGM+ Studios }} | network = [[MGM+|Epix]] (2022) / [[MGM+]] (syne 2023) | first_aired = {{Start date|2022|2|20}} | last_aired = present |opentheme="[[Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)]]" bi [[Pixies (baund)|Pixies]]}} '''''From''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Frae'', stylisit as '''FROM''') is an American [[Science fiction on televeesion|science fiction]] [[Horror fiction|horror]] telly series creatit bi John Griffin. The furst saison premiered on 20 Februar 2022, on [[MGM+|Epix]]. The series starns [[Harold Perrineau]], [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]], [[Eion Bailey]], [[David Alpay]], [[Elizabeth Saunders]], [[Scott McCord]], [[Ricky He]], an [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] in main roles. The series haes received creetical acclaim fur its story, directin, an the performances o the cast (pairticulairly Perrineau). The seicont saison premiered on the rebrandit [[MGM+]] in Aprile 2023. The thrid saison premiered in September 2024. In November 2024, the series wis renewed fur a fowert saison, that premiered on 19 Aprile 2026. In Aprile 2026, the series wis renewed fur a fift an final saison. == Owerview == The series is set in a nichtmarish toun in the Unitit States that traps thaim wha enter. The unwillin indwallers strive tae remain alive whiles plagued bi terrifying nocturnal craiturs frae the surroondin forest as thay sairch fur secrets hidden athin the toun an beyond in the hope o findin a wey oot. The series centres on Boyd Stevens (Perrineau), the sel-appyntit sheriff an de facto mayor, an the Matthews faimily, new arrivals wha diskiver thay are trappit. The toun's indwallers maun wirk thegither tae stay alive an find a wey tae escape. == Cast an chairacters == === Main === * [[Harold Perrineau]] as Boyd Stevens, the sel-appyntit [[sheriff]] an de facto mayor o the Tounship. He is a retired US Airmy veteran wha served in [[Afghanistan]] an [[Iraq]]. Boyd is estranged frae his son Ellis efter killin his wife, Abby, wha haed a [[Mental ail|mental brakdoun]] an attackit some o the tounsfowk. * [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] as Tabitha Matthews, Jim's wife an Julie an Ethan's mither, wha thegither are new arrivals tae the toun. She chuises tae bide in the Tounship wi her hauf-marrae an son an is aye mournin the recent loss o her yungest bairn, Thomas. At the end o the thrid saison, she is revealed tae be a [[reincarnation]] o Miranda Kavanaugh. Vivian Crooks portrays yung Tabitha. * [[Eion Bailey]] as Jim Matthews (saisons 1–3; guest saison 4), Tabitha's hauf-marrae an Julie an Ethan's faither, wha bides in the Tounship wi his wife an son. He wirks wi Jade tae find a wey tae escape the toun an contact the ootside warld. * [[David Alpay]] as Jade Herrera, a wealthy saftware developer wha arrives at the toun on the same day as the Matthews faimily. In maugre o his intelligence, he is initially arrogant an abrasive tae the Tounship indwallers an struggles wi his new circumstances. At the end o the thrid saison, he is revealed tae be a reincarnation o Christopher. Viggo Hanvelt portrays yung Jade. * [[Elizabeth Saunders]] as Donna Raines, the leader o the indwallers at Colony Hoose, wha bide separately frae the Tounship * [[Shaun Majumder]] as Father Rudra Khatri (saison 1; guest saisons 2–3), the Tounship's Christian [[priest]] an vyce o raison in the commonty. Follaein his daith, he continues tae appear afore Boyd as a [[hallucination]]. * [[Scott McCord]] as Victor Kavanaugh, a peculiar Colony Hoose indwaller trappit in the toun syne he wis a bairn. Eli Arsenault portrays yung Victor durin flashbacks. * [[Ricky He]] as Kenny Liu, Boyd's deputy an richt-haund man, wha bides wi his agin parents in the Tounship * [[Chloe Van Landschoot]] as Kristi Miller, the Tounship's doctor an a umwhile medical student wha wis separatit frae her [[Engagement|fiancée]] whan she becam trappit in the toun * Pegah Ghafoori as Fatima Hassan, Ellis's lassfreend, later wife, an ane o the Colony Hoose indwallers * [[Corteon Moore]] as Ellis Stevens, Boyd's son, wha bides estranged frae his faither at Colony Hoose * [[Hannah Cheramy]] as Julie Matthews, Jim an Tabitha's teenage dochter an Ethan's aulder sister, wha at furst chuises tae bide at Colony Hoose, whaur she befreends Ellis an Fatima * Simon Webster as Ethan Matthews, Jim an Tabitha's yung son an Julie's yunger brither, wha bides wi his parents in the Tounship * [[Avery Konrad]] as Sara Myers, Nathan's sister wha wirks at the Tounship's [[diner]]. She haes frequent hallucinations that command her tae kill ither indwallers o the Tounship. * Paul Zinno as Nathan Myers (saison 1), Sara's brither, wha bides in the Tounship an tends tae the ferm ainimals * Elizabeth Moy as Tian-Chen Liu (saisons 1–3), Kenny's mither an Bing-Qian's wife, wha rins the diner in the Tounship * [[Deborah Grover]] as Tillie (saisons 2–3), an agin, carefree wumman an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * Angela Moore as Bakta (saison 2–present), a bus driver wha unknawingly brings mony new arrivals tae the toun * Kaelen Ohm as Marielle Sinclair (saison 2–present), Kristi's fiancée, a [[Pediatrics|pediatric]] nurse, an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * A.J. Simmons as Randall Kirkland (saison 2–present), a volatile, quick-tae-anger man an ane o the bus passengers wha arrive at the toun * Nathan D. Simmons as Elgin Williams (saison 2–present), ane o the bus passengers wha haed [[Oneiromancy|prophetic dreams]] aboot the toun prior tae his arrival. * [[Robert Joy]] as Henry Kavanaugh (saison 3–present), Victor's faither, wha bidit alane in [[Camden, Maine]], fur fowerty years efter the disappearance o his wife an bairn. * Samantha Brown as Dani Acosta (saison 3–present), a polis officer broucht tae the toun efter pickin up Tabitha an Henry in the ootside warld. * Julia Doyle as Sophia (saison 4), a pastor's dochter. Sophia is a disguise uised bi the shapeshiftin "Man in Yellow", tae infiltrate the toun's indwallers. === Recurrin === * Reid Price as Tom (saison 1; guest saisons 2–3), the Tounship's freendly bartender an a umwhile college professor * Cynthia Jimenez-Hicks as Trudy (saison 1), Ellis an Fatima's freend, an ane o the Colony Hoose indwallers * Vox Smith as the "Boy in White" (saison 1; guest saisons 2–4), a meesterious bairn-lik feegur wha anly a select nummer o the tounsfowk can see. This includes Ethan, Sara, Victor, an Tabitha. * Katerina Bakolias as Clara, a Colony Hoose indwaller * Cliff Saunders as Dale (saisons 1–2; guest saison 3), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Matthias Fenez as Matthias (saison 2), the duirman fur Colony Hoose * Zach Faye as Reggie (saison 2), a indwaller o the Tounship whase wife, Paula, wis meesteriously killt in her sleep * Shuoxin Fu as the "Kimono Woman" (saison 3; guest saison 2), a monstrous corpse-lik wumman Elgin an Fatima see durin veesions === Guest === * Simon Sinn as Bing-Qian Liu (saisons 1–2), Kenny's faither an Tian-Chen's hauf-marrae, wha haes [[dementia]] an bides in the Tounship wi a collection o recipe beuks an enjoys chess. In the seicont saison, he appears durin flashbacks. * Bob Mann as Frank Pratt (saison 1), a indwaller o the Tounship whase wife an dochter wur killt the nicht afore the Matthews faimily arrivit at the toun * Colby Conrad as Tobey McCray (saison 1), Jade's best freend, wha arrives wi him at the toun on the same day as the Matthews faimily * Jessica Barry as Gina (saison 1), a indwaller o the Tounship wha helps care fur Bing-Qian * Jamie McGuire as the "Smiley Creature", ane o the craiturs that torment the toun, wha is kenspeckle fur the iver-present grin on his face. Efter bein killt durin the seicont saison, he is reborn at the end o the thrid saison. * Christopher Hayes as Kevin (saison 1), a Colony Hoose indwaller wha faws in luve wi ane o the craiturs * [[Molly Dunsworth]] as "Jasmine" (saison 1), a craitur wi whom Kevin becomes infatuatit * [[Lisa Ryder]] as Abby Stevens (saisons 1–2), Boyd's wife, Ellis's mither, an a retired [[Unitit States Marine Corps|US Marine]] wha appears durin flashbacks an veesions * Robert Verlaque as Martin (saisons 2–3), a unco aulder man Boyd finds chyned tae a waw * Seamus Patterson as Brick (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers wha haes [[claustrophobia]] * Phoebe Rex as Kelly (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers wha gaes missin wi her ladfreend efter arrivin in the toun * Taras Lesiuk as Brian (saison 2), ane o the bus passengers an Kelly's ladfreend * Thom Payne as Christopher (saisons 2–4), a [[Ventriloquism|ventriloquist]] an indwaller o the Tounship durin Victor's bairnheid * Sarah Booth as Miranda Kavanaugh (saisons 2–3), Victor an Eloise's mither, wha wis killt durin Victor's bairnheid bi the craiturs * Ellie Cluett as Eloise Kavanaugh (saison 2), Victor's yunger sister, wha wis killt durin Victor's bairnheid bi the craiturs * Tamara Fifield as Nicky (saison 3), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Eugene Sampang as Roger (saisons 3–4), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Trina Corkum as Patty (saisons 3–4), a Colony Hoose indwaller * Douglas E. Hughes as the "Man in Yellow" (saison 3–present), a meesterious [[shapeshiftin]] entity. His vyce is heard ower the radio at the end o the furst saison an aa. * Rhys Bevan-John as the Pastor (saison 4), a pastor wha enters the Tounship == Production == On 7 Juin 2018, [[YouTube Premium|YouTube Red]] annoonced the development o the John Griffin–creatit series as pairt o an oweraw deal atween production companies Midnight Radio an the [[Russo brithers]]' [[AGBO]]. Bi Aprile 2021, the series wis transferred tae [[MGM+|Epix]] efter YouTube Red, nou YouTube Premium, muived intae unscriptit programmin. The projeck received an order o ten episodes, wi [[Jack Bender]] tae direct the furst fower. In Mey 2021, [[Harold Perrineau]], [[Eion Bailey]] an [[Catalina Sandino Moreno]] wur cast in lead roles. In Julie, [[Shaun Majumder]], [[Elizabeth Saunders]], [[Avery Konrad]], [[Hannah Cheramy]], [[Ricky He]], Simon Webster, [[Chloe Van Landschoot]], an Pegah Gahfoori jynt the cast. The appenin theme sang, "[[Que Sera, Sera (Whatever Will Be, Will Be)]]" (1956), wis performed as a kiver bi American alt-rock baund the [[Pixies (baund)|Pixies]]; the muisic score wis componed bi [[Chris Tilton]]. The furst saison begound filmin in Mey 2021 in [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]], Canadae, wi principal photography aroond [[Beaver Bank, Nova Scotia|Beaver Bank]] an [[Sackville River]], in the suburban commonty o [[Lower Sackville, Nova Scotia|Lower Sackville]]. On 24 Aprile 2022, Epix renewed the series fur a seicont saison. On 29 Juin 2023, MGM+ renewed the series fur a thrid saison. On 21 November 2024, MGM+ renewed the series fur a fowert saison. Filmin fur the saison begound in Juin 2025 in Nova Scotia, an concludit that November. On 15 Aprile 2026, MGM+ renewed the series fur a fift an final saison. == Release == The series premiered on Epix on 20 Februar 2022. In Austrailie, it is distributit bi [[Stan (streamin service)|Stan]]. In the UK, it is braidcast on [[Sky Sci-Fi]]. In Canadae an in Italy, it is available tae stream on [[Paramount+]]. In Indie, it is available tae stream on [[Amazon Prime Video]]. In the Middle East & North Africae, it is available tae stream on [[OSN]]+. The seicont saison premiered on the rebrandit [[MGM+]] on 23 Aprile 2023. The thrid saison premiered on 2 September 2024. The fowert saison premiered on 19 Aprile 2026. 0yij61039j5hujor7s60i9rfssymykr 0 233518 917346 917220 2026-05-28T23:05:20Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox video gemme | title = Lego Batman: {{nowrap|Legacy of the Dark Knight}} | image = | developer = [[Traveller's Tales]]{{efn|Addeetional wirk an development support bi [[WB Games Montréal]] an [[Rocksteady Studios]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Middler |first=Jordan |date=18 May 2026 |title=Arkham dev Rocksteady is credited as co-developer on new Lego Batman |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260518132234/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |archive-date=2026-05-18 |access-date=2026-05-26|website=[[Video Games Chronicle]] |language=en-US}}</ref>}} | publisher = [[Warner Bros. Games]] | director = Mark Green | producer = {{ubl|Matthew Burton|Owen Ballhatchet|Ren Teloka}} | designer = {{ubl|Jimmy Sedota|Chris Wyatt|Christopher Andrew McGerr|Matthew Wood}} | programmer = {{ubl|Rian Walters|Ian Simpson}} | artist = {{ubl|David Woodman|David Hoye|Josh Pickering Pick|Richard Dawson}} | writer = {{ubl|Bob Scott|David Brown|James Pugh|Joe Moore}} | series = ''[[Lego Batman]]'' | engine = [[Unreal Engine 5]] | platforms = {{ubl|[[PlayStation 5]]|[[Windows]]|[[Xbox Series X/S]]|[[Nintendo Switch 2]]}} | release = {{ubl|'''PS5''', '''Windows''', '''Xbox Series&nbsp;X/S'''|22 Mey 2026{{efn|name=Deluxe}}|'''Nintendo Switch 2'''|TBA}} | genre = [[Action-adventur]] | modes = [[Single-pleyer]], [[multipleyer]] }} '''''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Lego Batman: Legacy o the Derk Knicht'') is a 2026 [[action-adventur gemme]] developit bi [[Traveller's Tales]] an published bi [[Warner Bros. Games]]. It is the fowert instawment in the ''[[Lego Batman]]'' video gemme series, an featurs an oreeginal story inspired bi [[Batman (comic beuk)|comic beuks]], [[Batman in film|films]] an ither media frae the [[Batman (franchise)|''Batman'' franchise]]. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' uises [[Unreal Engine 5]] as opponed tae TT Games' proprietary [[gemme ingine]], an taks heivy inspiration frae ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'', anither series o ''Batman'' video gemmes. Annoonced at [[Gamescom]] in 2025, it wis lowsed on [[PlayStation 5]], [[Windows]], an [[Xbox Series X an Series S|Xbox Series X/S]] on 22 Mey 2026, wi a version fur [[Nintendo Switch 2]] scheduled fur a later date. == Gemmepley == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' is an [[action-adventur gemme]] pleyed frae a [[Thrid-person (video gemmes)|thrid-person perspective]], alternatin atween mony action-adventur sequences an puzzle-solvin scenarios. The gemme can be pleyed solo, or wi anither pleyer throu local [[Multipleyer video gemme|multipleyer]]. [[DC Comics]] preses [[Jim Lee]] descrieved ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' as "a luve letter tae the warld o [[Batman]]", wi the gemme featurin an oreeginal story that incorporates different elements frae mony ''[[Batman (franchise)|Batman]]''-relatit media, includin [[Batman in film|films]], telly series, [[Leet o Batman comics|comic beuks]], an ither [[Leet o video gemmes featurin Batman|video gemmes]]. Fur ensaumple, the chairacter skins are taken frae ''Batman'' comics an adaptations, wi some o thaim based on the likeness o the actors wha pleyed the chairacters in live-action projecks, sic as [[Michelle Pfeiffer]]'s [[Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)|Catwoman]] an [[Danny DeVito]]'s [[Penguin (chairacter)|Penguin]] frae the film ''[[Batman Returns]]'' (1992), [[Heath Ledger]]'s [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]] frae ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' (2008), an [[Jeffrey Wright]]'s [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]] frae ''[[The Batman (film)|The Batman]]'' (2022). Unlik aulder [[Lego]] [[Leet o Lego video gemmes|video gemmes]], that alloued pleyers tae control hunders o different chairacters, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' includes anly seiven pleyable chairacters: Batman, Jim Gordon, [[Catwoman]], [[Robin (chairacter)|Robin]], [[Batgirl]], [[Nightwing]], an [[Talia al Ghul]], ilk possessin unique skeels an gadgets. Fur ensaumple, Catwoman is able tae uise a whip as a wappen, whiles Gordon haes a gun that sprays foam. The gemme is set in an [[Appen warld|appen-warld]] Lego version o [[Gotham Ceety]], wi pleyers tasked wi splorin the ceety an engagin in combat, that haes been compared tae that o the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' series. Traversal across Gotham Ceety can be duin throu [[Grapplin heuk|grapplin heuks]], glidin, an vehicles sic as the [[Batmobile]]. Pleyers can customise the [[Batcave]] tae displey a variety o vehicles an [[Batsuit|Batsuits]] an aa, as weel as trophies an addeetional items that can be collectit throuoot the gemme. == Owerview == === Settin an chairacters === ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' retells the story o Bruce Wayne / Batman frae his oreegin as a trainee wi the League o Shadaes, tae becomin a hero o Gotham Ceety. The gemme featurs a lairge ensemble o chairacters drawn frae the history o ''Batman'' media. The main pleyable chairacters are Batman an his allies: Jim Gordon, Barbara Gordon / Batgirl, Dick Grayson / Robin / Nightwing, Selina Kyle / Catwoman, an Talia al Ghul. Ither allies o Batman include Alfred Pennyworth an Lucius Fox. Supervillain memmers o Batman's rogues gallery include the Joker (includin his Jack Napier form frae the 80s Batman film), Penguin, Poison Ivy, Ra's al Ghul, Bane, Two-Face, Mr. Freeze, Firefly, Scarecrow, Deathstroke, Solomon Grundy, Calendar Man, Killer Moth, Mutant Leader, Condiment King, Riddler, Egghead, Kite Man, Carmine Falcone an his dochter Sofia, Cluemaster, Black Mask, an Gentleman Ghost. Addeetional chairacters include Bruce's parents Thomas an Martha Wayne, as weel as Gillian B. Loeb, Arnold Flass, Harvey Bullock, Renee Montoya, an Aaron Cash. The chairacter Bat-Mite appears as a shap vendor, providin Batman wi purchaseable cosmetics sic as ootfits an Batcave decoration items. === Plot === As a bairn, Bruce Wayne's parents are murthered bi Jack Napier, a criminal unner the employ o Carmine Falcone. Ten years later, Bruce finds that Gotham is aye crime-ridden, wi maist o the city's polis an offeecials in Falcone's peyroll. Tae fecht the ceety's criminals, he is invitit bi Ra's al Ghul tae jyn the League o Shadaes in Nanda Parbat, whaur he is trained in ninjutsu alangside Ra's' dochter Talia. Efter the twa unkiver that Ra's believes Gotham is beyond savin an plans tae destroy the ceety, Bruce burns doun the temple, wi Talia's fate left uncertain. Bruce returns tae Gotham an wi the help o Alfred Pennyworth, decides tae fecht crime as the vigilante Batman. He allies wi ane o the ceety's few non-corrupt polis officers, James Gordon, an the twa wirk thegither tae expose Falcone's crimes an hae him arrestit. Napier attempts tae expand his criminal empire bi creatin the Red Hood gang an lacin teddy beirs wi the toxic chemical Smylex. Durin a confrontation wi Batman an Gordon, Napier faws intae a vat o chemicals. A gang o mimes target associates o Falcone, includin Oswald Cobblepot, wha is rinnin fur mayor. Batman teams up wi expert thief Selina Kyle, operatin as Catwoman, tae apprehend Cobblepot. The twa learn the perpetrator is Napier, wha nou resembles a cloun and caws himsel the Joker. The Joker invites the fowk o Gotham tae a parade whaur he plans tae expose thaim aw tae Smylex, thou he is thwarted bi Batman an Catwoman an haes his face scarred efter fawin aff a cathedral. Bruce taks Selina on a date tae Haly's Circus, that is hijackit bi disfeegured destrict attorney Harvey Dent, nou kent as the criminal Two-Face. Bruce helps yung acrobat Dick Grayson prevent Two-Face frae blawin up the circus an adopts him as his ward. Efter trainin tae become a skeelt fechter, Dick becomes Batman's sidekick, Robin. Durin thair furst nicht on patrol, thay diskiver that botanist Pamela Isley haes been transformin plaunts intae carnivorous craiturs tae protect Robinson Park frae bein taken ower bi a new pouer plaunt. Isley is exposed tae the formula an becomes Poison Ivy, forcin the duo tae subdue her. The encoonter encourages Bruce tae find a cleaner alternative tae pouerin the ceety. Years later, Bruce attends a costume chairity gala, whaur Firefly attempts tae steal some o the jewels frae the event. Gordon's dochter Barbara, wha haes creatit her awn Batsuit, assists Batman in defeatin him. The gala is then invadit bi Mr. Freeze, wha encases Gordon in ice an steals the jewel. The twa collaborate alangside Dick, nou kent as Nightwing, tae feegur oot hou tae free Gordon an stap Freeze frae freezin the ceety at the observatory. In maugre o Bruce's hesitance, Barbara is walcomit intae the Bat Faimily as Batgirl. Whan Bruce finishes creatin the Clean Energy Device tae pouer Gotham, the Joker resurfaces an begins a crime spree. He is apprehendit bi Batman an Talia, wha faked her daith tae track doun remnants o the League o Shadaes. Thay diskiver the League's current leader is Bane, a ruthless mercenary wha haes been involvit wi aw o Batman's rogues in some capacity. As thay interrogate the Joker at Arkham Asylum, a breakoot ensues. Batman is separatit frae Talia in the chaos an confronts Bane. Bane reveals his plan tae continue Ra's' mission tae destroy Gotham bi convertin the Clean Energy Device intae a Dionesium bomb an cripples Batman in combat afore leavin him fur deid. Bane haes the criminals an League o Shadaes tak ower Gotham as he pouers doun the ceety afore attemptin tae detonate it wi the bomb at Wayne Touer. Whiles Nightwing an Batgirl ascend the touer, Catwoman defeats Bane wi the help o Alfred donnin an armored Batsuit. At the tap, thay find a rekivered Bruce, wha reveals that Talia is Ra's' actual successor an wants vengeance on him fur his actions in Nanda Parbat. In maugre o wieldin an advanced Batsuit, she is defeatit wi the combined efforts o Batman, Nightwing, Batgirl, an Commissioner Gordon. Efter Talia rejecks Bruce's offer tae reform an escapes, the Bat Faimily flies aff tae assist in recovery efforts. == Development == In 2023, a job leetin frae WB Games Montréal revealed thay wis wirkin on an unannoonced DC Comics video gemme that wad be single-pleyer an based in Unreal Engine 5. In Februar 2025, Bloomberg News reporter Jason Schreier claimed in Februar 2025 that TT Games wis wirkin on a Lego gemme targetin a 2026 lowse. Fur ''Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga'' (2022), TT Games developit thair awn proprietary NTT ingine but it pruivit difficult tae wirk wi. TT Games leadership haed debatit whether the studio shoud abandon thair proprietary ingine an switch tae Unreal Engine durin ''The Skywalker Saga''<nowiki/>'s development; follaein its lowse, the studio wis quick tae muive tae Unreal Engine 5 fur the development o ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. Whiles TT Games haed previously creatit an appen warld Gotham in ''Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes'' (2012), strategic director Jonathan Smith creditit advances in technologie fur enablin "a muckle mair immersive ceety nor [thay] wur iver able tae dae afore" wi the scale o the gemme bein "bigger nor the ither titles [thay]'v mak in the past". Veesual fidelity haes been increased in ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' tae better represent the featurs o pheesical Lego pieces, sic as the microscopic imperfections an textur o the plastic in minifeegurs an the clae textur o capes. Thir are intendit tae eik veesual interest tae blocky Lego bricks that are set thegither wi non-Lego elements sic as road tarmac. Matthew Wood served as lead designer on ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. The gemme taks heivy inspiration frae the ''Batman: Arkham'' series' freeflow combat seestem, thou it haes been adaptit tae be mair approachable. Raither nor tryin tae replicate ''Arkham''<nowiki/>'s technical depth, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' encourages pleyers tae uise a combination o abeelities an gadgets lik batarangs an environmental actions. The decision tae featur a smawer raster o seiven pleyable chairacters compared tae aulder Lego gemmes wis informed bi wantin tae focus on deeper gemmepley seestems wi ilk chairacter haein thair awn distinct abeelities. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis annoonced at Gamescom's Appenin Nicht Live on 19 August 2025. On 30 Aprile 2026, TT Games annoonced that ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' haed "gone gowd" as development wirk haed been finished. === Audio === Kenspeckle memmers o the vyce cast include Shai Matheson as Batman, Colin McFarlane (wha previously portrayed Gillian B. Loeb in ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy) as Jim Gordon, Rich Keeble as Two-Face, an Matt Berry as Bane. Late Batman actors Adam West an Kevin Conroy are creditit in the gemme's vyce cast an aa, wi archival recordins o thaim bein uised. == Release == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis oreeginally scheduled fur lowse on PlayStation 5, Windows, an Xbox Series X/S on 29 Mey 2026, wi the Nintendo Switch 2 version tae be launched later. On 16 Mairch 2026, it wis annoonced that the lowse date wis bein broucht forward a week tae Mey 22. Knawin that the company wantit tae target a ware lowse, TT Games's heid o production Jonathan Smith expressit relief ower "hae[in] some space" aroond the gemme's lowse date efter ''Grand Theft Auto VI''<nowiki/>'s delay frae Mey tae November. pjrtq16s9vmfni8tyxq68hr5lrun43a 917348 917346 2026-05-28T23:18:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox video gemme | title = Lego Batman: {{nowrap|Legacy of the Dark Knight}} | image = | developer = [[Traveller's Tales]]{{efn|Addeetional wirk an development support bi [[WB Games Montréal]] an [[Rocksteady Studios]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Middler |first=Jordan |date=18 May 2026 |title=Arkham dev Rocksteady is credited as co-developer on new Lego Batman |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260518132234/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |archive-date=2026-05-18 |access-date=2026-05-26|website=[[Video Games Chronicle]] |language=en-US}}</ref>}} | publisher = [[Warner Bros. Games]] | director = Mark Green | producer = {{ubl|Matthew Burton|Owen Ballhatchet|Ren Teloka}} | designer = {{ubl|Jimmy Sedota|Chris Wyatt|Christopher Andrew McGerr|Matthew Wood}} | programmer = {{ubl|Rian Walters|Ian Simpson}} | artist = {{ubl|David Woodman|David Hoye|Josh Pickering Pick|Richard Dawson}} | writer = {{ubl|Bob Scott|David Brown|James Pugh|Joe Moore}} | series = ''[[Lego Batman]]'' | engine = [[Unreal Engine 5]] | platforms = {{ubl|[[PlayStation 5]]|[[Windows]]|[[Xbox Series X/S]]|[[Nintendo Switch 2]]}} | release = {{ubl|'''PS5''', '''Windows''', '''Xbox Series&nbsp;X/S'''|22 Mey 2026{{efn|name=Deluxe}}|'''Nintendo Switch 2'''|TBA}} | genre = [[Action-adventur]] | modes = [[Single-pleyer]], [[multipleyer]] }} '''''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Lego Batman: Legacy o the Derk Knicht'') is a 2026 [[action-adventur gemme]] developit bi [[Traveller's Tales]] an published bi [[Warner Bros. Games]]. It is the fowert instawment in the ''[[Lego Batman]]'' video gemme series, an featurs an oreeginal story inspired bi [[Batman (comic beuk)|comic beuks]], [[Batman in film|films]] an ither media frae the [[Batman (franchise)|''Batman'' franchise]]. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' uises [[Unreal Engine 5]] as opponed tae TT Games' proprietary [[gemme ingine]], an taks heivy inspiration frae ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'', anither series o ''Batman'' video gemmes. Annoonced at [[Gamescom]] in 2025, it wis lowsed on [[PlayStation 5]], [[Windows]], an [[Xbox Series X an Series S|Xbox Series X/S]] on 22 Mey 2026, wi a version fur [[Nintendo Switch 2]] scheduled fur a later date. == Gemmepley == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' is an [[action-adventur gemme]] pleyed frae a [[Thrid-person (video gemmes)|thrid-person perspective]], alternatin atween mony action-adventur sequences an puzzle-solvin scenarios. The gemme can be pleyed solo, or wi anither pleyer throu local [[Multipleyer video gemme|multipleyer]]. [[DC Comics]] preses [[Jim Lee]] descrieved ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' as "a luve letter tae the warld o [[Batman]]", wi the gemme featurin an oreeginal story that incorporates different elements frae mony ''[[Batman (franchise)|Batman]]''-relatit media, includin [[Batman in film|films]], telly series, [[Leet o Batman comics|comic beuks]], an ither [[Leet o video gemmes featurin Batman|video gemmes]]. Fur ensaumple, the chairacter skins are taken frae ''Batman'' comics an adaptations, wi some o thaim based on the likeness o the actors wha pleyed the chairacters in live-action projecks, sic as [[Michelle Pfeiffer]]'s [[Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)|Catwoman]] an [[Danny DeVito]]'s [[Penguin (chairacter)|Penguin]] frae the film ''[[Batman Returns]]'' (1992), [[Heath Ledger]]'s [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]] frae ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' (2008), an [[Jeffrey Wright]]'s [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]] frae ''[[The Batman (film)|The Batman]]'' (2022). Unlik aulder [[Lego]] [[Leet o Lego video gemmes|video gemmes]], that alloued pleyers tae control hunders o different chairacters, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' includes anly seiven pleyable chairacters: Batman, Jim Gordon, [[Catwoman]], [[Robin (chairacter)|Robin]], [[Batgirl]], [[Nightwing]], an [[Talia al Ghul]], ilk possessin unique skeels an gadgets. Fur ensaumple, Catwoman is able tae uise a whip as a wappen, whiles Gordon haes a gun that sprays foam. The gemme is set in an [[Appen warld|appen-warld]] Lego version o [[Gotham Ceety]], wi pleyers tasked wi splorin the ceety an engagin in combat, that haes been compared tae that o the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' series. Traversal across Gotham Ceety can be duin throu [[Grapplin heuk|grapplin heuks]], glidin, an vehicles sic as the [[Batmobile]]. Pleyers can customise the [[Batcave]] tae displey a variety o vehicles an [[Batsuit|Batsuits]] an aa, as weel as trophies an addeetional items that can be collectit throuoot the gemme. == Owerview == === Settin an chairacters === ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' retells the story o [[Batman|Bruce Wayne / Batman]] frae his oreegin as a trainee wi the [[League o Assassins|League o Shadaes]], tae becomin a hero o [[Gotham Ceety]]. The gemme featurs a lairge [[Leet o Batman supportin chairacters|ensemble o chairacters]] drawn frae the history o ''[[Batman (comic beuk)|Batman]]'' media. The main pleyable chairacters are Batman an his allies: [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]], [[Catwoman|Selina Kyle / Catwoman]], [[Dick Grayson]] / [[Robin (chairacter)|Robin]] / [[Nightwing]], [[Barbara Gordon]] / [[Batgirl]], an [[Talia al Ghul]]. Ither allies o Batman include [[Alfred Pennyworth]] an [[Lucius Fox]]. Supervillain memmers o Batman's [[Leet o Batman faimily enemies|rogues gallery]] include the [[Joker (chairacter)|Joker]] (includin his [[Joker (Jack Napier)|Jack Napier]] form frae the 80s ''[[Batman (1989 film)|Batman]]'' film), [[Penguin (chairacter)|Penguin]], [[Poison Ivy (chairacter)|Poison Ivy]], [[Ra's al Ghul]], [[Bane (DC Comics)|Bane]], [[Two-Face]], [[Mr. Freeze]], [[Firefly (DC Comics)|Firefly]], [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Scarecrow]], [[Deathstroke]], [[Solomon Grundy (chairacter)|Solomon Grundy]], [[Calendar Man]], Killer Moth, [[Mutants (DC Comics)|Mutant Leader]], Condiment King, [[Riddler]], [[Egghead (DC Comics)|Egghead]], [[Kite Man]], [[Carmine Falcone]] an his dochter [[Sofia Falcone|Sofia]], [[Cluemaster]], [[Black Mask (chairacter)|Black Mask]], an [[Gentleman Ghost]]. Addeetional chairacters include Bruce's parents [[Thomas Wayne|Thomas]] an [[Martha Wayne]], as weel as [[Gillian B. Loeb]], Arnold Flass, [[Harvey Bullock (chairacter)|Harvey Bullock]], [[Renee Montoya]], an Aaron Cash. The chairacter [[Bat-Mite]] appears as a shap vendor, providin Batman wi purchaseable cosmetics sic as ootfits an Batcave decoration items. === Plot === As a bairn, Bruce Wayne's parents are murthered bi Jack Napier, a criminal unner the employ o Carmine Falcone. Ten years later, Bruce finds that Gotham is aye crime-ridden, wi maist o the city's polis an offeecials in Falcone's peyroll. Tae fecht the ceety's criminals, he is invitit bi Ra's al Ghul tae jyn the League o Shadaes in Nanda Parbat, whaur he is trained in ninjutsu alangside Ra's' dochter Talia. Efter the twa unkiver that Ra's believes Gotham is beyond savin an plans tae destroy the ceety, Bruce burns doun the temple, wi Talia's fate left uncertain. Bruce returns tae Gotham an wi the help o Alfred Pennyworth, decides tae fecht crime as the vigilante Batman. He allies wi ane o the ceety's few non-corrupt polis officers, James Gordon, an the twa wirk thegither tae expose Falcone's crimes an hae him arrestit. Napier attempts tae expand his criminal empire bi creatin the Red Hood gang an lacin teddy beirs wi the toxic chemical Smylex. Durin a confrontation wi Batman an Gordon, Napier faws intae a vat o chemicals. A gang o mimes target associates o Falcone, includin Oswald Cobblepot, wha is rinnin fur mayor. Batman teams up wi expert thief Selina Kyle, operatin as Catwoman, tae apprehend Cobblepot. The twa learn the perpetrator is Napier, wha nou resembles a cloun and caws himsel the Joker. The Joker invites the fowk o Gotham tae a parade whaur he plans tae expose thaim aw tae Smylex, thou he is thwarted bi Batman an Catwoman an haes his face scarred efter fawin aff a cathedral. Bruce taks Selina on a date tae Haly's Circus, that is hijackit bi disfeegured destrict attorney Harvey Dent, nou kent as the criminal Two-Face. Bruce helps yung acrobat Dick Grayson prevent Two-Face frae blawin up the circus an adopts him as his ward. Efter trainin tae become a skeelt fechter, Dick becomes Batman's sidekick, Robin. Durin thair furst nicht on patrol, thay diskiver that botanist Pamela Isley haes been transformin plaunts intae carnivorous craiturs tae protect Robinson Park frae bein taken ower bi a new pouer plaunt. Isley is exposed tae the formula an becomes Poison Ivy, forcin the duo tae subdue her. The encoonter encourages Bruce tae find a cleaner alternative tae pouerin the ceety. Years later, Bruce attends a costume chairity gala, whaur Firefly attempts tae steal some o the jewels frae the event. Gordon's dochter Barbara, wha haes creatit her awn Batsuit, assists Batman in defeatin him. The gala is then invadit bi Mr. Freeze, wha encases Gordon in ice an steals the jewel. The twa collaborate alangside Dick, nou kent as Nightwing, tae feegur oot hou tae free Gordon an stap Freeze frae freezin the ceety at the observatory. In maugre o Bruce's hesitance, Barbara is walcomit intae the Bat Faimily as Batgirl. Whan Bruce finishes creatin the Clean Energy Device tae pouer Gotham, the Joker resurfaces an begins a crime spree. He is apprehendit bi Batman an Talia, wha faked her daith tae track doun remnants o the League o Shadaes. Thay diskiver the League's current leader is Bane, a ruthless mercenary wha haes been involvit wi aw o Batman's rogues in some capacity. As thay interrogate the Joker at Arkham Asylum, a breakoot ensues. Batman is separatit frae Talia in the chaos an confronts Bane. Bane reveals his plan tae continue Ra's' mission tae destroy Gotham bi convertin the Clean Energy Device intae a Dionesium bomb an cripples Batman in combat afore leavin him fur deid. Bane haes the criminals an League o Shadaes tak ower Gotham as he pouers doun the ceety afore attemptin tae detonate it wi the bomb at Wayne Touer. Whiles Nightwing an Batgirl ascend the touer, Catwoman defeats Bane wi the help o Alfred donnin an armored Batsuit. At the tap, thay find a rekivered Bruce, wha reveals that Talia is Ra's' actual successor an wants vengeance on him fur his actions in Nanda Parbat. In maugre o wieldin an advanced Batsuit, she is defeatit wi the combined efforts o Batman, Nightwing, Batgirl, an Commissioner Gordon. Efter Talia rejecks Bruce's offer tae reform an escapes, the Bat Faimily flies aff tae assist in recovery efforts. == Development == In 2023, a job leetin frae WB Games Montréal revealed thay wis wirkin on an unannoonced DC Comics video gemme that wad be single-pleyer an based in Unreal Engine 5. In Februar 2025, Bloomberg News reporter Jason Schreier claimed in Februar 2025 that TT Games wis wirkin on a Lego gemme targetin a 2026 lowse. Fur ''Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga'' (2022), TT Games developit thair awn proprietary NTT ingine but it pruivit difficult tae wirk wi. TT Games leadership haed debatit whether the studio shoud abandon thair proprietary ingine an switch tae Unreal Engine durin ''The Skywalker Saga''<nowiki/>'s development; follaein its lowse, the studio wis quick tae muive tae Unreal Engine 5 fur the development o ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. Whiles TT Games haed previously creatit an appen warld Gotham in ''Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes'' (2012), strategic director Jonathan Smith creditit advances in technologie fur enablin "a muckle mair immersive ceety nor [thay] wur iver able tae dae afore" wi the scale o the gemme bein "bigger nor the ither titles [thay]'v mak in the past". Veesual fidelity haes been increased in ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' tae better represent the featurs o pheesical Lego pieces, sic as the microscopic imperfections an textur o the plastic in minifeegurs an the clae textur o capes. Thir are intendit tae eik veesual interest tae blocky Lego bricks that are set thegither wi non-Lego elements sic as road tarmac. Matthew Wood served as lead designer on ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. The gemme taks heivy inspiration frae the ''Batman: Arkham'' series' freeflow combat seestem, thou it haes been adaptit tae be mair approachable. Raither nor tryin tae replicate ''Arkham''<nowiki/>'s technical depth, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' encourages pleyers tae uise a combination o abeelities an gadgets lik batarangs an environmental actions. The decision tae featur a smawer raster o seiven pleyable chairacters compared tae aulder Lego gemmes wis informed bi wantin tae focus on deeper gemmepley seestems wi ilk chairacter haein thair awn distinct abeelities. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis annoonced at Gamescom's Appenin Nicht Live on 19 August 2025. On 30 Aprile 2026, TT Games annoonced that ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' haed "gone gowd" as development wirk haed been finished. === Audio === Kenspeckle memmers o the vyce cast include Shai Matheson as Batman, Colin McFarlane (wha previously portrayed Gillian B. Loeb in ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy) as Jim Gordon, Rich Keeble as Two-Face, an Matt Berry as Bane. Late Batman actors Adam West an Kevin Conroy are creditit in the gemme's vyce cast an aa, wi archival recordins o thaim bein uised. == Release == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis oreeginally scheduled fur lowse on PlayStation 5, Windows, an Xbox Series X/S on 29 Mey 2026, wi the Nintendo Switch 2 version tae be launched later. On 16 Mairch 2026, it wis annoonced that the lowse date wis bein broucht forward a week tae Mey 22. Knawin that the company wantit tae target a ware lowse, TT Games's heid o production Jonathan Smith expressit relief ower "hae[in] some space" aroond the gemme's lowse date efter ''Grand Theft Auto VI''<nowiki/>'s delay frae Mey tae November. rkeospfpdsdetriu7pyhoch9zq44r29 917350 917348 2026-05-28T23:26:53Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox video gemme | title = Lego Batman: {{nowrap|Legacy of the Dark Knight}} | image = | developer = [[Traveller's Tales]]{{efn|Addeetional wirk an development support bi [[WB Games Montréal]] an [[Rocksteady Studios]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Middler |first=Jordan |date=18 May 2026 |title=Arkham dev Rocksteady is credited as co-developer on new Lego Batman |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260518132234/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |archive-date=2026-05-18 |access-date=2026-05-26|website=[[Video Games Chronicle]] |language=en-US}}</ref>}} | publisher = [[Warner Bros. Games]] | director = Mark Green | producer = {{ubl|Matthew Burton|Owen Ballhatchet|Ren Teloka}} | designer = {{ubl|Jimmy Sedota|Chris Wyatt|Christopher Andrew McGerr|Matthew Wood}} | programmer = {{ubl|Rian Walters|Ian Simpson}} | artist = {{ubl|David Woodman|David Hoye|Josh Pickering Pick|Richard Dawson}} | writer = {{ubl|Bob Scott|David Brown|James Pugh|Joe Moore}} | series = ''[[Lego Batman]]'' | engine = [[Unreal Engine 5]] | platforms = {{ubl|[[PlayStation 5]]|[[Windows]]|[[Xbox Series X/S]]|[[Nintendo Switch 2]]}} | release = {{ubl|'''PS5''', '''Windows''', '''Xbox Series&nbsp;X/S'''|22 Mey 2026{{efn|name=Deluxe}}|'''Nintendo Switch 2'''|TBA}} | genre = [[Action-adventur]] | modes = [[Single-pleyer]], [[multipleyer]] }} '''''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Lego Batman: Legacy o the Derk Knicht'') is a 2026 [[action-adventur gemme]] developit bi [[Traveller's Tales]] an published bi [[Warner Bros. Games]]. It is the fowert instawment in the ''[[Lego Batman]]'' video gemme series, an featurs an oreeginal story inspired bi [[Batman (comic beuk)|comic beuks]], [[Batman in film|films]] an ither media frae the [[Batman (franchise)|''Batman'' franchise]]. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' uises [[Unreal Engine 5]] as opponed tae TT Games' proprietary [[gemme ingine]], an taks heivy inspiration frae ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'', anither series o ''Batman'' video gemmes. Annoonced at [[Gamescom]] in 2025, it wis lowsed on [[PlayStation 5]], [[Windows]], an [[Xbox Series X an Series S|Xbox Series X/S]] on 22 Mey 2026, wi a version fur [[Nintendo Switch 2]] scheduled fur a later date. == Gemmepley == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' is an [[action-adventur gemme]] pleyed frae a [[Thrid-person (video gemmes)|thrid-person perspective]], alternatin atween mony action-adventur sequences an puzzle-solvin scenarios. The gemme can be pleyed solo, or wi anither pleyer throu local [[Multipleyer video gemme|multipleyer]]. [[DC Comics]] preses [[Jim Lee]] descrieved ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' as "a luve letter tae the warld o [[Batman]]", wi the gemme featurin an oreeginal story that incorporates different elements frae mony ''[[Batman (franchise)|Batman]]''-relatit media, includin [[Batman in film|films]], telly series, [[Leet o Batman comics|comic beuks]], an ither [[Leet o video gemmes featurin Batman|video gemmes]]. Fur ensaumple, the chairacter skins are taken frae ''Batman'' comics an adaptations, wi some o thaim based on the likeness o the actors wha pleyed the chairacters in live-action projecks, sic as [[Michelle Pfeiffer]]'s [[Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)|Catwoman]] an [[Danny DeVito]]'s [[Penguin (chairacter)|Penguin]] frae the film ''[[Batman Returns]]'' (1992), [[Heath Ledger]]'s [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]] frae ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' (2008), an [[Jeffrey Wright]]'s [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]] frae ''[[The Batman (film)|The Batman]]'' (2022). Unlik aulder [[Lego]] [[Leet o Lego video gemmes|video gemmes]], that alloued pleyers tae control hunders o different chairacters, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' includes anly seiven pleyable chairacters: Batman, Jim Gordon, [[Catwoman]], [[Robin (chairacter)|Robin]], [[Batgirl]], [[Nightwing]], an [[Talia al Ghul]], ilk possessin unique skeels an gadgets. Fur ensaumple, Catwoman is able tae uise a whip as a wappen, whiles Gordon haes a gun that sprays foam. The gemme is set in an [[Appen warld|appen-warld]] Lego version o [[Gotham Ceety]], wi pleyers tasked wi splorin the ceety an engagin in combat, that haes been compared tae that o the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' series. Traversal across Gotham Ceety can be duin throu [[Grapplin heuk|grapplin heuks]], glidin, an vehicles sic as the [[Batmobile]]. Pleyers can customise the [[Batcave]] tae displey a variety o vehicles an [[Batsuit|Batsuits]] an aa, as weel as trophies an addeetional items that can be collectit throuoot the gemme. == Owerview == === Settin an chairacters === ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' retells the story o [[Batman|Bruce Wayne / Batman]] frae his oreegin as a trainee wi the [[League o Assassins|League o Shadaes]], tae becomin a hero o [[Gotham Ceety]]. The gemme featurs a lairge [[Leet o Batman supportin chairacters|ensemble o chairacters]] drawn frae the history o ''[[Batman (comic beuk)|Batman]]'' media. The main pleyable chairacters are Batman an his allies: [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]], [[Catwoman|Selina Kyle / Catwoman]], [[Dick Grayson]] / [[Robin (chairacter)|Robin]] / [[Nightwing]], [[Barbara Gordon]] / [[Batgirl]], an [[Talia al Ghul]]. Ither allies o Batman include [[Alfred Pennyworth]] an [[Lucius Fox]]. Supervillain memmers o Batman's [[Leet o Batman faimily enemies|rogues gallery]] include the [[Joker (chairacter)|Joker]] (includin his [[Joker (Jack Napier)|Jack Napier]] form frae the 80s ''[[Batman (1989 film)|Batman]]'' film), [[Penguin (chairacter)|Penguin]], [[Poison Ivy (chairacter)|Poison Ivy]], [[Ra's al Ghul]], [[Bane (DC Comics)|Bane]], [[Two-Face]], [[Mr. Freeze]], [[Firefly (DC Comics)|Firefly]], [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Scarecrow]], [[Deathstroke]], [[Solomon Grundy (chairacter)|Solomon Grundy]], [[Calendar Man]], Killer Moth, [[Mutants (DC Comics)|Mutant Leader]], Condiment King, [[Riddler]], [[Egghead (DC Comics)|Egghead]], [[Kite Man]], [[Carmine Falcone]] an his dochter [[Sofia Falcone|Sofia]], [[Cluemaster]], [[Black Mask (chairacter)|Black Mask]], an [[Gentleman Ghost]]. Addeetional chairacters include Bruce's parents [[Thomas Wayne|Thomas]] an [[Martha Wayne]], as weel as [[Gillian B. Loeb]], Arnold Flass, [[Harvey Bullock (chairacter)|Harvey Bullock]], [[Renee Montoya]], an Aaron Cash. The chairacter [[Bat-Mite]] appears as a shap vendor, providin Batman wi purchaseable cosmetics sic as ootfits an Batcave decoration items. === Plot === As a bairn, Bruce Wayne's parents are murthered bi [[Joker (Jack Napier)|Jack Napier]], a criminal unner the employ o Carmine Falcone. Ten years later, Bruce finds that Gotham is aye crime-ridden, wi maist o the city's polis an offeecials in Falcone's peyroll. Tae fecht the ceety's criminals, he is invitit bi Ra's al Ghul tae jyn the [[League o Assassins|League o Shadaes]] in [[Nanda Parbat]], whaur he is trained in [[ninjutsu]] alangside Ra's' dochter Talia. Efter the twa unkiver that [[Batman Begins|Ra's believes Gotham is beyond savin an plans tae destroy the ceety]], Bruce burns doun the temple, wi Talia's fate left uncertain. Bruce returns tae Gotham an wi the help o Alfred Pennyworth, decides tae fecht crime as the vigilante Batman. He allies wi ane o the ceety's few non-corrupt polis officers, James Gordon, an the twa [[The Batman (film)|wirk thegither tae expose Falcone's crimes an hae him arrestit]]. Napier attempts tae expand his criminal empire bi creatin the Red Hood gang an lacin teddy beirs wi the toxic chemical Smylex. Durin a confrontation wi Batman an Gordon, Napier faws intae a vat o chemicals. A gang o mimes target associates o Falcone, includin [[Penguin (chairacter)|Oswald Cobblepot]], [[Batman Returns|wha is rinnin fur mayor]]. Batman teams up wi expert thief Selina Kyle, operatin as Catwoman, tae apprehend Cobblepot. The twa learn the perpetrator is Napier, wha nou resembles a cloun and caws himsel the Joker. The Joker invites the fowk o Gotham tae [[Batman (1989 film)|a parade whaur he plans tae expose thaim aw tae Smylex]], thou he is thwarted bi Batman an Catwoman an [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|haes his face scarred]] efter fawin aff a cathedral. Bruce taks Selina on a date tae Haly's Circus, that is hijackit bi disfeegured destrict attorney Harvey Dent, nou kent as the criminal Two-Face. Bruce helps yung acrobat Dick Grayson [[Batman Forever|prevent Two-Face frae blawin up the circus]] an adopts him as his ward. Efter trainin tae become a skeelt fechter, Dick becomes Batman's sidekick, Robin. Durin thair furst nicht on patrol, thay diskiver that botanist Pamela Isley haes been transformin plaunts intae carnivorous craiturs tae protect Robinson Park frae bein taken ower bi a new pouer plaunt. Isley is exposed tae the formula an becomes Poison Ivy, forcin the duo tae subdue her. The encoonter encourages Bruce tae find a cleaner alternative tae pouerin the ceety. Years later, Bruce attends a costume chairity gala, whaur Firefly attempts tae steal some o the jewels frae the event. Gordon's dochter Barbara, wha haes creatit her awn Batsuit, assists Batman in defeatin him. The gala is then invadit bi Mr. Freeze, wha encases Gordon in ice an steals the jewel. The twa collaborate alangside Dick, nou kent as Nightwing, tae feegur oot hou tae free Gordon an [[Batman & Robin (film)|stap Freeze frae freezin the ceety at the observatory]]. In maugre o Bruce's hesitance, Barbara is walcomit intae the Bat Faimily as Batgirl. Whan Bruce finishes creatin the Clean Energy Device tae pouer Gotham, the Joker resurfaces an [[The Dark Knight|begins a crime spree]]. He is apprehendit bi Batman an Talia, wha faked her daith tae track doun remnants o the League o Shadaes. Thay diskiver the League's current leader is Bane, a ruthless mercenary wha haes been involvit wi aw o Batman's rogues in some capacity. As thay interrogate the Joker at Arkham Asylum, [[Batman: Arkham Asylum|a breakoot ensues]]. Batman is separatit frae Talia in the chaos an confronts Bane. [[The Dark Knight Rises|Bane reveals his plan tae continue Ra's' mission]] tae destroy Gotham bi convertin the Clean Energy Device intae a Dionesium bomb an cripples Batman in combat afore leavin him fur deid. Bane haes the criminals an League o Shadaes tak ower Gotham as he pouers doun the ceety afore attemptin tae detonate it wi the bomb at Wayne Touer. Whiles Nightwing an Batgirl ascend the touer, Catwoman defeats Bane wi the help o Alfred donnin an armored Batsuit. At the tap, thay find a rekivered Bruce, wha reveals that Talia is Ra's' actual successor an wants vengeance on him fur his actions in Nanda Parbat. In maugre o wieldin an advanced Batsuit, she is defeatit wi the combined efforts o Batman, Nightwing, Batgirl, an Commissioner Gordon. Efter Talia rejecks Bruce's offer tae reform an escapes, the Bat Faimily flies aff tae assist in recovery efforts. == Development == In 2023, a job leetin frae WB Games Montréal revealed thay wis wirkin on an unannoonced DC Comics video gemme that wad be single-pleyer an based in Unreal Engine 5. In Februar 2025, Bloomberg News reporter Jason Schreier claimed in Februar 2025 that TT Games wis wirkin on a Lego gemme targetin a 2026 lowse. Fur ''Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga'' (2022), TT Games developit thair awn proprietary NTT ingine but it pruivit difficult tae wirk wi. TT Games leadership haed debatit whether the studio shoud abandon thair proprietary ingine an switch tae Unreal Engine durin ''The Skywalker Saga''<nowiki/>'s development; follaein its lowse, the studio wis quick tae muive tae Unreal Engine 5 fur the development o ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. Whiles TT Games haed previously creatit an appen warld Gotham in ''Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes'' (2012), strategic director Jonathan Smith creditit advances in technologie fur enablin "a muckle mair immersive ceety nor [thay] wur iver able tae dae afore" wi the scale o the gemme bein "bigger nor the ither titles [thay]'v mak in the past". Veesual fidelity haes been increased in ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' tae better represent the featurs o pheesical Lego pieces, sic as the microscopic imperfections an textur o the plastic in minifeegurs an the clae textur o capes. Thir are intendit tae eik veesual interest tae blocky Lego bricks that are set thegither wi non-Lego elements sic as road tarmac. Matthew Wood served as lead designer on ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. The gemme taks heivy inspiration frae the ''Batman: Arkham'' series' freeflow combat seestem, thou it haes been adaptit tae be mair approachable. Raither nor tryin tae replicate ''Arkham''<nowiki/>'s technical depth, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' encourages pleyers tae uise a combination o abeelities an gadgets lik batarangs an environmental actions. The decision tae featur a smawer raster o seiven pleyable chairacters compared tae aulder Lego gemmes wis informed bi wantin tae focus on deeper gemmepley seestems wi ilk chairacter haein thair awn distinct abeelities. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis annoonced at Gamescom's Appenin Nicht Live on 19 August 2025. On 30 Aprile 2026, TT Games annoonced that ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' haed "gone gowd" as development wirk haed been finished. === Audio === Kenspeckle memmers o the vyce cast include Shai Matheson as Batman, Colin McFarlane (wha previously portrayed Gillian B. Loeb in ''The Dark Knight'' trilogy) as Jim Gordon, Rich Keeble as Two-Face, an Matt Berry as Bane. Late Batman actors Adam West an Kevin Conroy are creditit in the gemme's vyce cast an aa, wi archival recordins o thaim bein uised. == Release == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis oreeginally scheduled fur lowse on PlayStation 5, Windows, an Xbox Series X/S on 29 Mey 2026, wi the Nintendo Switch 2 version tae be launched later. On 16 Mairch 2026, it wis annoonced that the lowse date wis bein broucht forward a week tae Mey 22. Knawin that the company wantit tae target a ware lowse, TT Games's heid o production Jonathan Smith expressit relief ower "hae[in] some space" aroond the gemme's lowse date efter ''Grand Theft Auto VI''<nowiki/>'s delay frae Mey tae November. 2pe7i0jm52zjrtyertg0tinm1to3oey 917351 917350 2026-05-28T23:33:39Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{infobox video gemme | title = Lego Batman: {{nowrap|Legacy of the Dark Knight}} | image = | developer = [[Traveller's Tales]]{{efn|Addeetional wirk an development support bi [[WB Games Montréal]] an [[Rocksteady Studios]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Middler |first=Jordan |date=18 May 2026 |title=Arkham dev Rocksteady is credited as co-developer on new Lego Batman |url=https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20260518132234/https://www.videogameschronicle.com/news/arkham-dev-rocksteady-is-credited-as-co-developer-on-new-lego-batman/ |archive-date=2026-05-18 |access-date=2026-05-26|website=[[Video Games Chronicle]] |language=en-US}}</ref>}} | publisher = [[Warner Bros. Games]] | director = Mark Green | producer = {{ubl|Matthew Burton|Owen Ballhatchet|Ren Teloka}} | designer = {{ubl|Jimmy Sedota|Chris Wyatt|Christopher Andrew McGerr|Matthew Wood}} | programmer = {{ubl|Rian Walters|Ian Simpson}} | artist = {{ubl|David Woodman|David Hoye|Josh Pickering Pick|Richard Dawson}} | writer = {{ubl|Bob Scott|David Brown|James Pugh|Joe Moore}} | series = ''[[Lego Batman]]'' | engine = [[Unreal Engine 5]] | platforms = {{ubl|[[PlayStation 5]]|[[Windows]]|[[Xbox Series X/S]]|[[Nintendo Switch 2]]}} | release = {{ubl|'''PS5''', '''Windows''', '''Xbox Series&nbsp;X/S'''|22 Mey 2026{{efn|name=Deluxe}}|'''Nintendo Switch 2'''|TBA}} | genre = [[Action-adventur]] | modes = [[Single-pleyer]], [[multipleyer]] }} '''''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''Lego Batman: Legacy o the Derk Knicht'') is a 2026 [[action-adventur gemme]] developit bi [[Traveller's Tales]] an published bi [[Warner Bros. Games]]. It is the fowert instawment in the ''[[Lego Batman]]'' video gemme series, an featurs an oreeginal story inspired bi [[Batman (comic beuk)|comic beuks]], [[Batman in film|films]] an ither media frae the [[Batman (franchise)|''Batman'' franchise]]. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' uises [[Unreal Engine 5]] as opponed tae TT Games' proprietary [[gemme ingine]], an taks heivy inspiration frae ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'', anither series o ''Batman'' video gemmes. Annoonced at [[Gamescom]] in 2025, it wis lowsed on [[PlayStation 5]], [[Windows]], an [[Xbox Series X an Series S|Xbox Series X/S]] on 22 Mey 2026, wi a version fur [[Nintendo Switch 2]] scheduled fur a later date. == Gemmepley == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' is an [[action-adventur gemme]] pleyed frae a [[Thrid-person (video gemmes)|thrid-person perspective]], alternatin atween mony action-adventur sequences an puzzle-solvin scenarios. The gemme can be pleyed solo, or wi anither pleyer throu local [[Multipleyer video gemme|multipleyer]]. [[DC Comics]] preses [[Jim Lee]] descrieved ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' as "a luve letter tae the warld o [[Batman]]", wi the gemme featurin an oreeginal story that incorporates different elements frae mony ''[[Batman (franchise)|Batman]]''-relatit media, includin [[Batman in film|films]], telly series, [[Leet o Batman comics|comic beuks]], an ither [[Leet o video gemmes featurin Batman|video gemmes]]. Fur ensaumple, the chairacter skins are taken frae ''Batman'' comics an adaptations, wi some o thaim based on the likeness o the actors wha pleyed the chairacters in live-action projecks, sic as [[Michelle Pfeiffer]]'s [[Selina Kyle (Batman Returns)|Catwoman]] an [[Danny DeVito]]'s [[Penguin (chairacter)|Penguin]] frae the film ''[[Batman Returns]]'' (1992), [[Heath Ledger]]'s [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|Joker]] frae ''[[The Dark Knight]]'' (2008), an [[Jeffrey Wright]]'s [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]] frae ''[[The Batman (film)|The Batman]]'' (2022). Unlik aulder [[Lego]] [[Leet o Lego video gemmes|video gemmes]], that alloued pleyers tae control hunders o different chairacters, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' includes anly seiven pleyable chairacters: Batman, Jim Gordon, [[Catwoman]], [[Robin (chairacter)|Robin]], [[Batgirl]], [[Nightwing]], an [[Talia al Ghul]], ilk possessin unique skeels an gadgets. Fur ensaumple, Catwoman is able tae uise a whip as a wappen, whiles Gordon haes a gun that sprays foam. The gemme is set in an [[Appen warld|appen-warld]] Lego version o [[Gotham Ceety]], wi pleyers tasked wi splorin the ceety an engagin in combat, that haes been compared tae that o the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' series. Traversal across Gotham Ceety can be duin throu [[Grapplin heuk|grapplin heuks]], glidin, an vehicles sic as the [[Batmobile]]. Pleyers can customise the [[Batcave]] tae displey a variety o vehicles an [[Batsuit|Batsuits]] an aa, as weel as trophies an addeetional items that can be collectit throuoot the gemme. == Owerview == === Settin an chairacters === ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' retells the story o [[Batman|Bruce Wayne / Batman]] frae his oreegin as a trainee wi the [[League o Assassins|League o Shadaes]], tae becomin a hero o [[Gotham Ceety]]. The gemme featurs a lairge [[Leet o Batman supportin chairacters|ensemble o chairacters]] drawn frae the history o ''[[Batman (comic beuk)|Batman]]'' media. The main pleyable chairacters are Batman an his allies: [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]], [[Catwoman|Selina Kyle / Catwoman]], [[Dick Grayson]] / [[Robin (chairacter)|Robin]] / [[Nightwing]], [[Barbara Gordon]] / [[Batgirl]], an [[Talia al Ghul]]. Ither allies o Batman include [[Alfred Pennyworth]] an [[Lucius Fox]]. Supervillain memmers o Batman's [[Leet o Batman faimily enemies|rogues gallery]] include the [[Joker (chairacter)|Joker]] (includin his [[Joker (Jack Napier)|Jack Napier]] form frae the 80s ''[[Batman (1989 film)|Batman]]'' film), [[Penguin (chairacter)|Penguin]], [[Poison Ivy (chairacter)|Poison Ivy]], [[Ra's al Ghul]], [[Bane (DC Comics)|Bane]], [[Two-Face]], [[Mr. Freeze]], [[Firefly (DC Comics)|Firefly]], [[Scarecrow (DC Comics)|Scarecrow]], [[Deathstroke]], [[Solomon Grundy (chairacter)|Solomon Grundy]], [[Calendar Man]], Killer Moth, [[Mutants (DC Comics)|Mutant Leader]], Condiment King, [[Riddler]], [[Egghead (DC Comics)|Egghead]], [[Kite Man]], [[Carmine Falcone]] an his dochter [[Sofia Falcone|Sofia]], [[Cluemaster]], [[Black Mask (chairacter)|Black Mask]], an [[Gentleman Ghost]]. Addeetional chairacters include Bruce's parents [[Thomas Wayne|Thomas]] an [[Martha Wayne]], as weel as [[Gillian B. Loeb]], Arnold Flass, [[Harvey Bullock (chairacter)|Harvey Bullock]], [[Renee Montoya]], an Aaron Cash. The chairacter [[Bat-Mite]] appears as a shap vendor, providin Batman wi purchaseable cosmetics sic as ootfits an Batcave decoration items. === Plot === As a bairn, Bruce Wayne's parents are murthered bi [[Joker (Jack Napier)|Jack Napier]], a criminal unner the employ o Carmine Falcone. Ten years later, Bruce finds that Gotham is aye crime-ridden, wi maist o the city's polis an offeecials in Falcone's peyroll. Tae fecht the ceety's criminals, he is invitit bi Ra's al Ghul tae jyn the [[League o Assassins|League o Shadaes]] in [[Nanda Parbat]], whaur he is trained in [[ninjutsu]] alangside Ra's' dochter Talia. Efter the twa unkiver that [[Batman Begins|Ra's believes Gotham is beyond savin an plans tae destroy the ceety]], Bruce burns doun the temple, wi Talia's fate left uncertain. Bruce returns tae Gotham an wi the help o Alfred Pennyworth, decides tae fecht crime as the vigilante Batman. He allies wi ane o the ceety's few non-corrupt polis officers, James Gordon, an the twa [[The Batman (film)|wirk thegither tae expose Falcone's crimes an hae him arrestit]]. Napier attempts tae expand his criminal empire bi creatin the Red Hood gang an lacin teddy beirs wi the toxic chemical Smylex. Durin a confrontation wi Batman an Gordon, Napier faws intae a vat o chemicals. A gang o mimes target associates o Falcone, includin [[Penguin (chairacter)|Oswald Cobblepot]], [[Batman Returns|wha is rinnin fur mayor]]. Batman teams up wi expert thief Selina Kyle, operatin as Catwoman, tae apprehend Cobblepot. The twa learn the perpetrator is Napier, wha nou resembles a cloun and caws himsel the Joker. The Joker invites the fowk o Gotham tae [[Batman (1989 film)|a parade whaur he plans tae expose thaim aw tae Smylex]], thou he is thwarted bi Batman an Catwoman an [[Joker (The Dark Knight)|haes his face scarred]] efter fawin aff a cathedral. Bruce taks Selina on a date tae Haly's Circus, that is hijackit bi disfeegured destrict attorney Harvey Dent, nou kent as the criminal Two-Face. Bruce helps yung acrobat Dick Grayson [[Batman Forever|prevent Two-Face frae blawin up the circus]] an adopts him as his ward. Efter trainin tae become a skeelt fechter, Dick becomes Batman's sidekick, Robin. Durin thair furst nicht on patrol, thay diskiver that botanist Pamela Isley haes been transformin plaunts intae carnivorous craiturs tae protect Robinson Park frae bein taken ower bi a new pouer plaunt. Isley is exposed tae the formula an becomes Poison Ivy, forcin the duo tae subdue her. The encoonter encourages Bruce tae find a cleaner alternative tae pouerin the ceety. Years later, Bruce attends a costume chairity gala, whaur Firefly attempts tae steal some o the jewels frae the event. Gordon's dochter Barbara, wha haes creatit her awn Batsuit, assists Batman in defeatin him. The gala is then invadit bi Mr. Freeze, wha encases Gordon in ice an steals the jewel. The twa collaborate alangside Dick, nou kent as Nightwing, tae feegur oot hou tae free Gordon an [[Batman & Robin (film)|stap Freeze frae freezin the ceety at the observatory]]. In maugre o Bruce's hesitance, Barbara is walcomit intae the Bat Faimily as Batgirl. Whan Bruce finishes creatin the Clean Energy Device tae pouer Gotham, the Joker resurfaces an [[The Dark Knight|begins a crime spree]]. He is apprehendit bi Batman an Talia, wha faked her daith tae track doun remnants o the League o Shadaes. Thay diskiver the League's current leader is Bane, a ruthless mercenary wha haes been involvit wi aw o Batman's rogues in some capacity. As thay interrogate the Joker at Arkham Asylum, [[Batman: Arkham Asylum|a breakoot ensues]]. Batman is separatit frae Talia in the chaos an confronts Bane. [[The Dark Knight Rises|Bane reveals his plan tae continue Ra's' mission]] tae destroy Gotham bi convertin the Clean Energy Device intae a Dionesium bomb an cripples Batman in combat afore leavin him fur deid. Bane haes the criminals an League o Shadaes tak ower Gotham as he pouers doun the ceety afore attemptin tae detonate it wi the bomb at Wayne Touer. Whiles Nightwing an Batgirl ascend the touer, Catwoman defeats Bane wi the help o Alfred donnin an armored Batsuit. At the tap, thay find a rekivered Bruce, wha reveals that Talia is Ra's' actual successor an wants vengeance on him fur his actions in Nanda Parbat. In maugre o wieldin an advanced Batsuit, she is defeatit wi the combined efforts o Batman, Nightwing, Batgirl, an Commissioner Gordon. Efter Talia rejecks Bruce's offer tae reform an escapes, the Bat Faimily flies aff tae assist in recovery efforts. == Development == In 2023, a job leetin frae [[WB Games Montréal]] revealed thay wis wirkin on an unannoonced [[DC Comics]] video gemme that wad be [[Single-pleyer video gemme|single-pleyer]] an based in [[Unreal Engine 5]]. In Februar 2025, [[Bloomberg News]] reporter [[Jason Schreier]] claimed in Februar 2025 that TT Games wis wirkin on a Lego gemme targetin a 2026 lowse. Fur ''[[Lego Star Wars: The Skywalker Saga]]'' (2022), [[TT Games]] developit thair awn proprietary NTT ingine but it pruivit difficult tae wirk wi. TT Games leadership haed debatit whether the studio shoud abandon thair proprietary ingine an switch tae Unreal Engine durin ''The Skywalker Saga''<nowiki/>'s development; follaein its lowse, the studio wis quick tae muive tae Unreal Engine 5 fur the development o ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. Whiles TT Games haed previously creatit an appen warld Gotham in ''[[Lego Batman 2: DC Super Heroes]]'' (2012), strategic director Jonathan Smith creditit advances in technologie fur enablin "a muckle mair immersive ceety nor [thay] wur iver able tae dae afore" wi the scale o the gemme bein "bigger nor the ither titles [thay]'v mak in the past". Veesual fidelity haes been increased in ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' tae better represent the featurs o pheesical Lego pieces, sic as the microscopic imperfections an textur o the plastic in [[Lego minifeegur|minifeegurs]] an the clae textur o capes. Thir are intendit tae eik veesual interest tae blocky Lego bricks that are set thegither wi non-Lego elements sic as road tarmac. Matthew Wood served as lead designer on ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight''. The gemme taks heivy inspiration frae the ''[[Batman: Arkham]]'' series' freeflow combat seestem, thou it haes been adaptit tae be mair approachable. Raither nor tryin tae replicate ''Arkham''<nowiki/>'s technical depth, ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' encourages pleyers tae uise a combination o abeelities an gadgets lik batarangs an environmental actions. The decision tae featur a smawer raster o seiven pleyable chairacters compared tae aulder Lego gemmes wis informed bi wantin tae focus on deeper gemmepley seestems wi ilk chairacter haein thair awn distinct abeelities. ''Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis annoonced at [[Gamescom]]'s Appenin Nicht Live on 19 August 2025. On 30 Aprile 2026, TT Games annoonced that ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' haed "gone gowd" as development wirk haed been finished. === Audio === Kenspeckle memmers o the vyce cast include Shai Matheson as [[Batman]], [[Colin McFarlane]] (wha previously portrayed [[Gillian B. Loeb]] in [[Batman in film|''The Dark Knight'' trilogy]]) as [[Commissioner Gordon|Jim Gordon]], [[Rich Keeble]] as [[Two-Face]], an [[Matt Berry]] as [[Bane (DC Comics)|Bane]]. Late Batman actors [[Adam West]] an [[Kevin Conroy]] are creditit in the gemme's vyce cast an aa, wi archival recordins o thaim bein uised. == Release == ''Lego Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight'' wis oreeginally scheduled fur lowse on [[PlayStation 5]], [[Windows]], an [[Xbox Series X an Series S|Xbox Series X/S]] on 29 Mey 2026, wi the [[Nintendo Switch 2]] version tae be launched later. On 16 Mairch 2026, it wis annoonced that the lowse date wis bein broucht forward a week tae Mey 22. Knawin that the company wantit tae target a ware lowse, TT Games's heid o production Jonathan Smith expressit relief ower "hae[in] some space" aroond the gemme's lowse date efter ''[[Grand Theft Auto VI]]'''s delay frae Mey tae November. eyi73r6b7qlmubyhbv3ht7bjjavw6wg 0 233519 917382 917222 2026-05-29T01:09:52Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox video game | title = Grand Theft Auto VI | image = | alt = Airt o a man an wumman walkin in Vice City, hauldin fireairms. The tex reads "Grand Theft Auto" an "VI". | caption = Airtwirk depictin Lucia an Jason | developer = [[Rockstar Games]] | publisher = Rockstar Games | series = ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' | engine = [[Rockstar Advanced Game Engine|RAGE]] | platforms = {{ubl|[[PlayStation 5]]|[[Xbox Series X/S]]}} | released = 19 November 2026 | genre = [[Action-adventur]] | modes = [[Single-pleyer]], [[multipleyer]] }} '''''Grand Theft Auto VI''''' is an upcomin [[action-adventur gemme]] developit an published bi [[Rockstar Games]]. It is owin tae be the aicht main ''[[Grand Theft Auto]]'' gemme, follaein ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]'' (2013), an the saxteent entry oweraw. Set athin the fictional [[US state]] o Leonida, based on [[Florida]], the story follaes the romantic criminal duo o Jason Duval an Lucia Caminos. Pleyers will be able tae [[Nonlinear gemmepley|freely roam]] Leonida's [[appen warld]], that maistly featurs the [[Miami]]-inspired [[Grand Theft Auto|Vice City]]. Follaein years o speculation an anticipation, Rockstar confirmed in Februar 2022 that the gemme wis in development. That September, fitage frae unfinished versions wis [[Data breach|leaked]] on the internet in whit jurnalists descrieved as ane o the mucklest leaks in the history o the [[video gemme industrie]]. ''Grand Theft Auto VI'' wis formally revealed in December 2023. Follaein seevral delays, it is scheduled tae be lowsed on 19 November 2026 fur the [[PlayStation 5]] an [[Xbox Series X an Series S|Xbox Series X/S]]. == Settin an chairacters == ''Grand Theft Auto VI'' is an [[action-adventur gemme]] set athin an [[appen warld]]. Its fictional [[US state]] o Leonida, based on [[Florida]], includes [[Grand Theft Auto|Vice City]], Grassrivers, an the Leonida Keys, based on [[Miami]], the [[Everglades]], an the [[Florida Keys]], respectively; as weel as Ambrosia, Moont Kalaga Naitional Pairk, an Port Gellhorn. The gemme warld parodies 2020s [[Cultur o the Unitit States|American cultur]], wi satirical depictions o [[social media]] an [[influencer]] cultur, modren law enforcement tactics an technologie sic as [[Polis bouk camera|polis bouk cameras]], an references tae [[Internet meme|Internet memes]] sic as [[Florida Man]]. The story follaes a criminal couple: Jason Duval, wha wirkit fur local [[Illegal drog tred|drogrinners]] in the Leonida Keys efter servin in the Airmy; an Lucia Caminos, [[Grand Theft Auto|the series]]'s furst non-optional female protagonist, wha wis imprisoned at Leonida Penitentiary efter fechtin fur her faimily frae [[Grand Theft Auto|Liberty City]]. Follaein a dwined [[Bank robbery|bank heist]], the duo encoonter a state-wide conspiracy an are forced tae proteck ilk ither. Ither chairacters include: Cal Hampton, Jason's paranoid freend; Boobie Ike, wha rins a business empire in Vice City; Dre'Quan Priest, awner o the [[record label]] Only Raw Records wi Boobie; Bae-Luxe an Roxy, a muisical duo signed tae Only Raw unner the name Real Dimez; Raul Bautista, a saisoned bank robber; an Brian Heder, a langtime drog rinner in the Keys an Jason's landlaird. e6eu4im01s4fu65h5qfa2fafhei8tmj 0 233520 917386 917226 2026-05-29T01:17:03Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox sang | title = Camera | cover = | caption = Unpluggit version kiver airt | type = single | artist = [[Ed Sheeran]] | album = [[Play (Ed Sheeran album)|Play]] | released = {{start date|2025|9|12|df=y}} | length = 3:35 | label = * [[Gingerbread Man Records|Gingerbread Man]] * [[Atlantic Records|Atlantic]] | writer = * Ed Sheeran * [[Andrew Watt]] * [[Louis Bell]] * [[David Hodges]] | producer = * Sheeran * [[Ilya Salmanzadeh|Ilya]] * Watt * Bell | chronology = [[Ed Sheeran]] | prev_title = [[A Little More (Ed Sheeran sang)|A Little More]] | prev_year = 2025 | next_title = [[Symmetry (sang)|Symmetry]] | next_year = 2025 | misc = {{Freemit muisic video | {{YouTube|O8WXFI_MSAI|"Camera"}} }} }} "'''Camera'''" is a sang bi Inglis sangster-sangwriter [[Ed Sheeran]]. It wis lowsed on 12 September 2025 bi [[Gingerbread Man Records|Gingerbread Man]] an [[Atlantic Records]], as the fift single frae his aicht studio album, ''[[Play (Ed Sheeran album)|Play]]''. "Camera" wis written bi Sheeran, [[Andrew Watt]], [[Louis Bell]] an [[David Hodges]], an produced bi Sheeran, [[Ilya Salmanzadeh|Ilya]], Watt an Bell. It reached nummers fower in Belgium Flanders, 16 in the Unitit Kinrick, 31 in Swisserland, 33 in New Zealand, an 36 in Canadae. The muisic video, shot mainly in Croatie, featurs Inglis actress [[Phoebe Dynevor]]. An unpluggit version wis lowsed on 3 October, an a remix bi [[Cyril (DJ)|Cyril]] follaed on 31 October 2025. "Camera" wis nominatit fur the [[2026 iHeartRadio Muisic Awairds|iHeartRadio Muisic Awaird]] in category Best Leerics. == Muisic video == Oreeginally, Sheeran wantit tae uise private hame fitage o his an his wife fur the "Camera" muisic video. Houiver, valuin thair privacy, he recreatit a few key moments o thair relationship fur the muisic video wi Inglis actress, [[Phoebe Dynevor]]. Filmin stairtit on 19 August 2025 on the Croatian isle, [[Hvar]] an wrappit in [[Split, Croatie]]. It wis shot on [[iPhone]] an directit bi [[Emil Nava]]. Pairt o the video wis recordit durin Sheeran's [[+−=÷× Tour]] in Swaden on 22 August 2025, whan Dynevor jynt him on stage. The "Camera" muisic video wis lowsed alangside the album on 12 September 2025. == Track leetin == * '''Deegital an streamin single''' # "Camera" – 3:35 * '''Deegital an streamin single''' # "Camera" (unpluggit) – 3:33 * '''Deegital an streamin single''' # "Camera" (Cyril remix) – 2:43 * '''7-inch single''' # "Camera" – 3:35 # "Spiral" – 3:14 i9qx1bk4lfr3vkmbaymxlbwu209qwyj 0 233521 917389 917244 2026-05-29T01:24:06Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie | image =Elizabeth_Saunders_at_the_2024_Toronto_International_Film_Festival_3.jpg | birth_name = Elizabeth Brown | occupation = Actress | years_active = 1986–present | spouse = Cliff Saunders (m. 1994) | children = 2 }} '''Elizabeth Saunders''' (née '''Brown''') is a Breetish-born Canadian actress. She is best kent fur pleyin Donna in the American telly series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' (2022–present). == Career == Early in her career, she provided the vyce o Mrs. Turtle in the Canadian animatit series ''[[Franklin (TV series)|Franklin]]'' (1997–2004). She is creditit fur ower 80 on screen an vyce actin roles includin in ''[[The Shrouds]]'' (2024), ''[[The Boondock Saints]]'' (1999), ''[[Slings & Arrows]]'' (2005), ''[[It (2017 film)|It]]'' (2017), ''[[Alias Grace (miniseries)|Alias Grace]]'' (2017), ''[[When Hope Calls]]'' (2019) an ''Clarice'' (2021). She is the vyce o Mailperson Mary on ''[[Henry's World]]'' an aa. On stage, she wirkit fur seevral saisons at the Shaw Fest whaur she kythed in ''[[This Happy Breed]]'', ''Counsellor-At-Law'', ''[[Too True To Be Good]]'', amang ither productions. === Awairds an recogneetion === She received a [[Saturn Awairds|Saturn Awaird]] nomination fur Best Supportin actress nomination fur her role as Donna in ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' at the 52nd annual Saturn awairds, a [[Canadian Screen Awaird fur Best Supportin Actress in a Drama Programme or Series|Best Supportin Actress in a Drama Programme or Series]] at the [[8t Canadian Screen Awairds]] in 2020 fur her performance in ''[[Mary Kills People]]'', an wan an [[ACTRA Awaird]] in 2024 fur her performance in the short film ''SmokeBreak''. === Personal life === Marriet tae actor Cliff Saunders syne 19 September 1994; the couple hae twa dochters, Bridget an Alberta. tmr9lx14wtcusj6z0wsli3dq73a99vs 0 233522 917390 917247 2026-05-29T01:28:54Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hannah Cheramy | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|07|13}} | birth_place = Vancouver, Breetish Columbie, Canadae | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2015–present }} '''Hannah Cheramy''' (born 13 Julie 2003) is a Canadian actress frae [[Vancouver]], Breetish Columbie. She is best kent fur her role in the [[MGM+]] telly series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' whaur she pleys the role o Julie Mathews. == Early life == Cheramy wis born in [[Vancouver]], Breetish Columbie, Canadae, tae Louis an Terry Cheramy; she is an anly bairn. She begound her actin career at the age o 7, pairteecipatin in local bairn’s theatre productions an later appearin in commercials an telly projecks. In maugre o her early stairt in the industrie, Cheramy continued her eddication an graduatit frae [[Burnaby North Secondary Schuil]] afore studyin theatre at the [[Varsity o Michigan]], whaur she earnt a [[Bachelor o Fine Airts]] degree. == Career == Cheramy's brakthrou role came whan she pleyed Julie Matthews in the [[MGM+|Epix]] horror series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'', that premiered in 2022. The series follaes a group o strangers wha find thaimsels trappit in a meesterious toun surroondit bi a supernaitural forest. Fur this role, she wis nominatit fur the [[52nd Saturn Awairds|2025 Saturn Awaird]] in the category “[[Saturn Awaird fur Best Performance bi a Yunger Actor in a Telly Series|Best Performance bi a Yunger Actor in a Telly Series]].” == Personal life == In an interview wi the Canadian magazine ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle Canada]]'', the actress notit that she values spendin time wioot uisin screens. Amang her personal preferences, she mentioned [[romantic fantasie]] leeteratur, the telly series ''[[Friends]]'' an ''[[Modern Family]]'', an the film ''[[The Hunger Games: Catching Fire]]''. == Filmography == === Film === * ''Under Wraps'' (2021) as Ghoul lass * ''The Hollow Child'' (2017) as Olivia * ''Summer Love'' (2017) as Addison Sulliway * ''Escape from Mr. Lemoncello’s Library'' (2017) as Rose Vermette * ''Colossal'' (2016) as Yung Gloria * ''My Sweet Audrina'' (2016) as Vera (age 11) * ''October Kiss'' (2015) as Zoe Larson === Televeesion === * ''From'' (2022-) as Julie Mathews * ''Van Helsing'' (2016) as Dylan ch2eacdov0zcyhohlrf4dsaia6mkz3i 917391 917390 2026-05-29T01:30:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Hannah Cheramy | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2003|07|13}} | birth_place = Vancouver, Breetish Columbie, Canadae | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2015–present }} '''Hannah Cheramy''' (born 13 Julie 2003) is a Canadian actress frae [[Vancouver]], Breetish Columbie. She is best kent fur her role in the [[MGM+]] telly series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' whaur she pleys the role o Julie Mathews. == Early life == Cheramy wis born in [[Vancouver]], Breetish Columbie, Canadae, tae Louis an Terry Cheramy; she is an anly bairn. She begound her actin career at the age o 7, pairteecipatin in local bairn’s theatre productions an later appearin in commercials an telly projecks. In maugre o her early stairt in the industrie, Cheramy continued her eddication an graduatit frae [[Burnaby North Secondary Schuil]] afore studyin theatre at the [[Varsity o Michigan]], whaur she earnt a [[Bachelor o Fine Airts]] degree. == Career == Cheramy's brakthrou role came whan she pleyed Julie Matthews in the [[MGM+|Epix]] horror series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'', that premiered in 2022. The series follaes a group o strangers wha find thaimsels trappit in a meesterious toun surroondit bi a supernaitural forest. Fur this role, she wis nominatit fur the [[52nd Saturn Awairds|2025 Saturn Awaird]] in the category “[[Saturn Awaird fur Best Performance bi a Yunger Actor in a Telly Series|Best Performance bi a Yunger Actor in a Telly Series]].” == Personal life == In an interview wi the Canadian magazine ''[[Elle (magazine)|Elle Canada]]'', the actress notit that she values spendin time wioot uisin screens. Amang her personal preferences, she mentioned [[romantic fantasie]] leeteratur, the telly series ''[[Friends]]'' an ''[[Modern Family]]'', an the film ''[[The Hunger Games: Catching Fire]]''. == Filmography == === Film === * ''[[Under Wraps (2021 film)|Under Wraps]]'' (2021) as Ghoul lass * ''The Hollow Child'' (2017) as Olivia * ''Summer Love'' (2017) as Addison Sulliway * ''[[Escape from Mr. Lemoncello's Library (film)|Escape from Mr. Lemoncello’s Library]]'' (2017) as Rose Vermette * ''[[Colossal (film)|Colossal]]'' (2016) as Yung Gloria * ''My Sweet Audrina'' (2016) as Vera (age 11) * ''October Kiss'' (2015) as Zoe Larson === Televeesion === * ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' (2022-) as Julie Mathews * ''[[Van Helsing (TV series)|Van Helsing]]'' (2016) as Dylan tlm1pvpvqzjswjnq1mhc3yoyb74k89n 0 233523 917392 917249 2026-05-29T01:33:27Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Avery Konrad | image = Avery Konrad on AMFM STUDIOS.jpg | caption = Konrad in 2022 | citizenship = Canadian | alma_mater = [[Vancouver Film Schuil]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2008–present<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.kinorium.com/name/1836328/|title=kinorium.com Profile|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> }} '''Avery Konrad''' is an actress frae [[Breetish Columbie]], [[Canadae]]. Her brakoot role is Sara Myers in the [[MGM+]] [[Science fiction on televeesion|science fiction]] [[Horror film|horror]] telly series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' (2022–''present''). == Early life == Born in [[Vancouver]], Konrad begound actin at a yung age, receivin intensive trainin at the [[Vancouver Film Schuil]] an performin her furst monologue. == Career == She is close friends with her setmate [[Chloe Van Landschoot]], from the TV series [[From (TV series)|From]] and short film ''Tidal'', Konrad stated in an interview, that she loved filming with her. == Personal life == Konrad is apenly gey. ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"|Notes |- | 2008 | ''Skies Falling'' | Hallie's freend | Short film |- | 2012 | ''Rock and Roll'' | Abigail | Short film |- | 2013 | ''Heart of Dance'' | Michelle | Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''[[12 Rounds 3: Lockdown]]'' | Lassfreend | Film |- | ''[[No One Would Tell (2018 film)|No One Would Tell]]'' | Kara Lovett | TV Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | ''Alive'' | ''unkent'' | Short film |- | ''Broil'' | Chance Sinclair | Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2022 | ''Tidal'' | Wife | Short film |- | ''[[Honor Society (film)|Honor Society]]'' | Emma | Film |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"|Notes |- | 2012 | ''[[The Haunting Hour: The Series|R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour]]'' | Gina Sarland | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | 2013 | ''[[Falling Skies]]'' | Rita | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | 2014 | ''[[The Killing (American TV series)|The Killing]]'' | Phoebe Stansbury | Recurrin role (3 episodes, saison 4) |- | 2016 | ''[[Van Helsing (TV series)|Van Helsing]]'' | Cynthia | Recurrin role (3 episodes, saison 1) |- | 2019 | ''[[Unspeakable (TV series)|Unspeakable]]'' | Kendra Bowen | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | ''[[The Good Doctor (American TV series)|The Good Doctor]]'' | Tamara Krantz | 2 episodes (saison 3) |- | ''[[Sacred Lies]]'' | Roan Harper | Recurrin role (7 episodes, saison 2) |- | 2022-2026 | ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' | rowspan="2" | Sara Myers | Main role (30 episodes, saisons 1-4) |} fhkczti11joi5nj52qarn2x025oiuhb 917393 917392 2026-05-29T01:33:48Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Avery Konrad | image = Avery Konrad on AMFM STUDIOS.jpg | caption = Konrad in 2022 | citizenship = Canadian | alma_mater = [[Vancouver Film Schuil]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2008–present<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.kinorium.com/name/1836328/|title=kinorium.com Profile|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> }} '''Avery Konrad''' is an actress frae [[Breetish Columbie]], [[Canadae]]. Her brakoot role is Sara Myers in the [[MGM+]] [[Science fiction on televeesion|science fiction]] [[Horror film|horror]] telly series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' (2022–''present''). == Early life == Born in [[Vancouver]], Konrad begound actin at a yung age, receivin intensive trainin at the [[Vancouver Film Schuil]] an performin her furst monologue. == Career == She is close friends with her setmate [[Chloe Van Landschoot]], from the TV series [[From (TV series)|''From'']] and short film ''Tidal'', Konrad stated in an interview, that she loved filming with her. == Personal life == Konrad is apenly gey. ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"|Notes |- | 2008 | ''Skies Falling'' | Hallie's freend | Short film |- | 2012 | ''Rock and Roll'' | Abigail | Short film |- | 2013 | ''Heart of Dance'' | Michelle | Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''[[12 Rounds 3: Lockdown]]'' | Lassfreend | Film |- | ''[[No One Would Tell (2018 film)|No One Would Tell]]'' | Kara Lovett | TV Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | ''Alive'' | ''unkent'' | Short film |- | ''Broil'' | Chance Sinclair | Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2022 | ''Tidal'' | Wife | Short film |- | ''[[Honor Society (film)|Honor Society]]'' | Emma | Film |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"|Notes |- | 2012 | ''[[The Haunting Hour: The Series|R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour]]'' | Gina Sarland | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | 2013 | ''[[Falling Skies]]'' | Rita | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | 2014 | ''[[The Killing (American TV series)|The Killing]]'' | Phoebe Stansbury | Recurrin role (3 episodes, saison 4) |- | 2016 | ''[[Van Helsing (TV series)|Van Helsing]]'' | Cynthia | Recurrin role (3 episodes, saison 1) |- | 2019 | ''[[Unspeakable (TV series)|Unspeakable]]'' | Kendra Bowen | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | ''[[The Good Doctor (American TV series)|The Good Doctor]]'' | Tamara Krantz | 2 episodes (saison 3) |- | ''[[Sacred Lies]]'' | Roan Harper | Recurrin role (7 episodes, saison 2) |- | 2022-2026 | ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' | rowspan="2" | Sara Myers | Main role (30 episodes, saisons 1-4) |} ags9b02fc7b9qvtcw37yzdqjrfeaieq 917394 917393 2026-05-29T01:35:12Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mendit Scots 917394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Avery Konrad | image = Avery Konrad on AMFM STUDIOS.jpg | caption = Konrad in 2022 | citizenship = Canadian | alma_mater = [[Vancouver Film Schuil]] | occupation = Actress | years_active = 2008–present<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://en.kinorium.com/name/1836328/|title=kinorium.com Profile|access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> }} '''Avery Konrad''' is an actress frae [[Breetish Columbie]], [[Canadae]]. Her brakoot role is Sara Myers in the [[MGM+]] [[Science fiction on televeesion|science fiction]] [[Horror film|horror]] telly series ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' (2022–''present''). == Early life == Born in [[Vancouver]], Konrad begound actin at a yung age, receivin intensive trainin at the [[Vancouver Film Schuil]] an performin her furst monologue. == Career == She is close freends wi her setmate [[Chloe Van Landschoot]], frae the TV series [[From (TV series)|''From'']] an short film ''Tidal'', Konrad statit in an interview, that she luved filmin wi her. == Personal life == Konrad is apenly gey. ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"|Notes |- | 2008 | ''Skies Falling'' | Hallie's freend | Short film |- | 2012 | ''Rock and Roll'' | Abigail | Short film |- | 2013 | ''Heart of Dance'' | Michelle | Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2015 | ''[[12 Rounds 3: Lockdown]]'' | Lassfreend | Film |- | ''[[No One Would Tell (2018 film)|No One Would Tell]]'' | Kara Lovett | TV Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | ''Alive'' | ''unkent'' | Short film |- | ''Broil'' | Chance Sinclair | Film |- | rowspan="2" | 2022 | ''Tidal'' | Wife | Short film |- | ''[[Honor Society (film)|Honor Society]]'' | Emma | Film |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year ! Title ! Role ! class="unsortable"|Notes |- | 2012 | ''[[The Haunting Hour: The Series|R.L. Stine's The Haunting Hour]]'' | Gina Sarland | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | 2013 | ''[[Falling Skies]]'' | Rita | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | 2014 | ''[[The Killing (American TV series)|The Killing]]'' | Phoebe Stansbury | Recurrin role (3 episodes, saison 4) |- | 2016 | ''[[Van Helsing (TV series)|Van Helsing]]'' | Cynthia | Recurrin role (3 episodes, saison 1) |- | 2019 | ''[[Unspeakable (TV series)|Unspeakable]]'' | Kendra Bowen | 1 episode (saison 1) |- | rowspan="2" | 2020 | ''[[The Good Doctor (American TV series)|The Good Doctor]]'' | Tamara Krantz | 2 episodes (saison 3) |- | ''[[Sacred Lies]]'' | Roan Harper | Recurrin role (7 episodes, saison 2) |- | 2022-2026 | ''[[From (TV series)|From]]'' | rowspan="2" | Sara Myers | Main role (30 episodes, saisons 1-4) |} 6jrwqu6f7ozbg2we78smrm6isbfj3fi 0 233524 917395 917251 2026-05-29T01:37:26Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox person | name = Arian Cartaya | image = Arian Cartaya interviewed in SCAD.jpg | caption = Cartaya in 2025 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|2013|02|14}} | birth_place = Unitit States | birth_name = Arian S. Cartaya | occupation = Actor | yearsactive = 2021–present | works = {{hlist|''[[Juego de mentiras]]''|''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It: Welcome to Derry]]''}} | agent = DDO Artists Agency<ref>{{cite web|title=Agent, Manager and Publicist Details |url=https://www.thehandbook.com/celebrity/arian-s-cartaya |website=The Handbook |access-date=2026-05-26}}</ref> }} '''Arian S. Cartaya''' is a Cuban-American actor kent fur his wirk as Ricardo "Rich" Santos in the supernaitural horror series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It: Welcome to Derry]]''. == Personal life == Cartaya is frae the Unitit States an haes Cuban heritage. His furst leid is Spainish, an he continues tae anly speak Spainish in his hame. His favorite fuid is Cuban fuid, his favorite airtist is [[Bad Bunny]], he haes twa cats, an he liks tae dae back squats as his wirkoot. == Career == He begound actin in 2021 bi kythin in the short film ''Un Pequeño Corte''. He wis forby pairt o the faimily comedy series ''[[Gordita Chronicles]]'' in 2022 as his furst signeeficant role, then kythed in multiple episodes o ''[[Juego de mentiras]]'' an in the short film ''Birdhouse'' in 2023. His big brak came whan he wis cast an makkit an appearance in ''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It: Welcome to Derry]]'' in late 2025. ==Filmography== ===Film=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year !! Title !! Role !!Ref! |- |TBA |''Pedro Pan'' |TBA |<ref>{{cite web|title=Arian Cartaya: biografía del niño actor en la serie 'It: Welcome to Derry' y la película 'Pedro Pan' |url=https://www.periodicocubano.com/arian-cartaya-biografia-del-nino-actor-en-la-serie-welcome-to-derry-y-la-pelicula-pedro-pan/ |website=Periódico Cubano |date=2025-12-15 |access-date=2026-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Televeesion=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year !! Title !! Role !!Ref! |- |2025 |''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It: Welcome to Derry]]'' |Ricardo "Rich" Santos |<ref>{{cite web|last=Perry |first=Spencer |title=IT: Welcome to Derry's Arian S. Cartaya Reveals When He Knew THAT Twist |url=https://comicbook.com/tv-shows/news/it-welcome-to-derrys-arian-s-cartaya-reveals-when-he-knew-that-twist/ |website=[[ComicBook.com]] |date=2025-12-14 |access-date=2026-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2024 |''[[Bad Monkey (TV series)|Bad Monkey]]'' |Sam O'Peele |<ref>{{cite web|title=Why does Rich from It: Welcome to Derry look familiar? Here's where you have seen the actor before |url=https://www.soapcentral.com/shows/why-rich-it-welcome-derry-look-familiar-here-s-seen-actor |website=Soap Central |date=2025-12-09 |access-date=2026-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2023 |''[[Juego de mentiras]]'' |Miguel |<ref>{{cite web|title=Juego de mentiras (2023) :: starring: Arian S. Cartaya |url=https://www.rarefilmfinder.com/movie.php?id=89952 |access-date=2026-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2022 |''[[Gordita Chronicles]]'' |Álvaro |<ref>{{cite web|last=Chang |first=Tom |title=It: Welcome to Derry: Arian S. Cartaya on Rich, His Co-Stars & More |url=https://bleedingcool.com/tv/it-welcome-to-derry-arian-s-cartaya-on-rich-his-co-stars-more/ |website=Bleeding Cool |date=2025-12-16 |access-date=2026-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |} ===Short films=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Year !! Title !! Role !!Ref |- |2023 |''Birdhouse'' |Juan |<ref>{{cite web|title=Birdhouse (2023) |url=https://queensworldfilmfestival.org/films/birdhouse/ |website=Queens World Film Festival |access-date=2026-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |- |2021 |''Un Pequeño Corte'' |Mean Boy |<ref>{{cite web|last=Ferreira |first=Arthur |title=Quem é Arian S. Cartaya, o Rich de 'It: Bem-vindos a Derry'? |url=https://capricho.abril.com.br/entretenimento/quem-e-arian-s-cartaya-o-rich-de-it-bem-vindos-a-derry/ |website=Capricho |access-date=2026-05-26|url-status=live}}</ref> |} k1p3dcrz07k8q0cxo2m86ehv2jknkyy 0 233526 917396 917255 2026-05-29T01:44:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917396 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie|birth_name=Clara Stack|birth_date={{Birth date and age|2010|10|19}}|birth_place=New York Ceety, U.S.|occupation=Actress|years active=2019-present}} '''Clara Stack''' (born 19 October 2010) is an American actress. She begound her career as a bairn actress an is best kent fur her role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It - Welcome to Derry]]'' (2025). == Early life == Clara Stack wis born in the Unitit States. At a yung age, she becam interestit in actin an performed in local theatre productions. Her early stage experience formit the basis fur her later wirk in telly an film. == Career == Stack makkit her telly debut wi guest roles in American drama series, includin ''[[Madam Secretary (TV series)|Madam Secretary]]'', ''Bull'', an ''Almost Family''. In 2021, she gained wider recogneetion fur her appearance as the yung version o [[Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)|Kate Bishop]] in the [[Disney+]] series ''[[Hawkeye (miniseries)|Hawkeye]]''. In 2023, she pleyed the role o Rose in the Disney Oreeginal Film ''The Naughty Nine''. In 2025, she laundit a starnin role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] [[Horror fiction|horror]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'', a [[prequel]] athin [[Stephen King]]'s ''It'' universe. == Filmografie == === Film === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Naughty Nine]]'' || Rose |} === Televeesion === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Serie !! Role !! Notes |- | 2019 || ''[[Madam Secretary]]'' || Corra || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Bull (TV series)|Bull]]'' || Hannah Kelly || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Almost Family]]'' || Esther || Guest role |- | 2021 || ''[[Hawkeye (TV series)|Hawkeye]]'' || Yung Kate Bishop || Supportin role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel]]'' || Francesca || Guest role |- | 2025 || ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'' || Lilly Bainbridge || Lead role |} ew08jztejvzo9e75czw3dpk1ctzafwo 917397 917396 2026-05-29T01:44:49Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917397 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Infobox bodie |birth_name= Clara Stack |birth_date= {{Birth date and age|2010|10|19}} |birth_place= [[New York Ceety]], U.S. |occupation= Actress |years active= 2019-present }} '''Clara Stack''' (born 19 October 2010) is an American actress. She begound her career as a bairn actress an is best kent fur her role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry|It - Welcome to Derry]]'' (2025). == Early life == Clara Stack wis born in the Unitit States. At a yung age, she becam interestit in actin an performed in local theatre productions. Her early stage experience formit the basis fur her later wirk in telly an film. == Career == Stack makkit her telly debut wi guest roles in American drama series, includin ''[[Madam Secretary (TV series)|Madam Secretary]]'', ''Bull'', an ''Almost Family''. In 2021, she gained wider recogneetion fur her appearance as the yung version o [[Hawkeye (Kate Bishop)|Kate Bishop]] in the [[Disney+]] series ''[[Hawkeye (miniseries)|Hawkeye]]''. In 2023, she pleyed the role o Rose in the Disney Oreeginal Film ''The Naughty Nine''. In 2025, she laundit a starnin role as Lilly Bainbridge in the [[HBO]] [[Horror fiction|horror]] series ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'', a [[prequel]] athin [[Stephen King]]'s ''It'' universe. == Filmografie == === Film === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Title !! Role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Naughty Nine]]'' || Rose |} === Televeesion === {| class="wikitable" ! Year !! Serie !! Role !! Notes |- | 2019 || ''[[Madam Secretary]]'' || Corra || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Bull (TV series)|Bull]]'' || Hannah Kelly || Guest role |- | 2019 || ''[[Almost Family]]'' || Esther || Guest role |- | 2021 || ''[[Hawkeye (TV series)|Hawkeye]]'' || Yung Kate Bishop || Supportin role |- | 2023 || ''[[The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel]]'' || Francesca || Guest role |- | 2025 || ''[[It – Welcome to Derry]]'' || Lilly Bainbridge || Lead role |} eax7xgb3am0vyj32tn3s050vb15clyv 0 233527 917399 917260 2026-05-29T01:52:46Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917399 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''War of the Worlds''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''War o the Warlds'') is a science fiction telly series produced bi [[Fox Networks Group]] an [[StudioCanal]]-backed Urban Myth Films. The series wis creatit an written bi [[Howard Overman]] an directit bi [[Gilles Coulier]] an [[Richard Clark]]. The series is an adaptation o ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'', an 1898 novelle bi [[H. G. Wells]] aboot Yird comin tae terms in the wake o a sudden Martian invasion. It is the thrid telly adaptation o the novelle. It starns [[Gabriel Byrne]], [[Léa Drucker]] an [[Daisy Edgar-Jones]], alang wi an ensemble supportin cast. The furst saison conseests o aicht episodes an premiered in Fraunce in October 2019. An aicht-episode seicont saison premiered in Fraunce in Mey 2021. ''War of the Worlds'' wis renewed fur a final aicht-episode saison in Julie 2021, that aired in September 2022. == Premise == The series taks place in contemporary Breitain an Fraunce, but it serves as a re-imaginin o the clessic [[H. G. Wells]] novelle. {{cquote|In this new tak on ''War of the Worlds'', whan astronomers detect a transmission frae anither starn, it is definitive pruif o intelligent extra-terrestrial life. Yird's population waits fur further contack wi bated braith, but daes nae hae tae wait lang. Athin days, mankynd is aw but wipit oot, wi juist pockets o humanity left in an eerily desertit warld. As alien ships appear in the lift, the survivors ask a burnin quaistion — wha are thir attackers an why are thay hell-bent on wir destruction?|source=Den of Geek}} == Cast == === Main === * [[Gabriel Byrne]] as Bill Ward * [[Léa Drucker]] as Catherine Durand * [[Daisy Edgar-Jones]] as Emily Gresham (saisons 1–2) * [[Elizabeth McGovern]] as Helen Brown, Bill's ex-wife (saison 1; guest saison 2) * Bayo Gbadamosi as Kariem Gat Wich Machar * [[Adel Bencherif]] as Colonel Mustafa Mokrani (saison 1; guest saison 2-3) * Emilie de Preissac as Sophia Durand, Catherine's sister * [[Natasha Little]] as Sarah Gresham, Emily an Tom's mither * [[Ty Tennant]] as Tom Gresham, Emily's brither * [[Stephen Campbell Moore]] as Jonathan Gresham, Emily an Tom's faither * Paul Gorostidi as Nathan * [[Stéphane Caillard]] as Chloe Dumont * [[Aaron Heffernan]] as Ash Daniel (saisons 1, 3; recurrin saison 2) * Mathieu Torloting as Sacha Dumont, Chloe's son (saison 2; recurrin saison 1) * [[Pearl Chanda]] as Zoe (saisons 2–3) * Ania Sowinski as Adina, an alien leader (saisons 2–3) * [[Molly Windsor]] as Martha (saison 3) * [[Lizzie Brocheré]] as Juliet (saison 3) * [[Lukas Haas]] as Richard (saison 3) === Featurt === The follaein actors are creditit in the appenin titles o anly ane or twa episodes in that thay pley a signeeficant role. * [[Georgina Rich]] as Rachel (guest, saison 1 & 3) * [[Michael Marcus (actor)|Michael Marcus]] as Dan Ward, Bill an Helen's son (guest, saisons 1 & 3) * [[Alysson Paradis]] as Officer Clara * [[Guillaume Gouix]] as Noah Dumont, Chloe's brither == Production == === Development === ''War of the Worlds'' wis produced bi Fox Networks Group an StudioCanal. AGC Television co-finances an co-distributes the series. The series wis executive produced bi Overman, Julian Murphy an Johnny Capps. Gilles Coulier an Richard Clark ilk directit fower episodes o the furst saison, wi Coulier directin the furst fower episode an Clark directin the last fower. The series wis written bi Howard Overman. Bi October 2019, the creative team haed begun wirk on a seicont saison. Richard Clark returned tae direct the furst fower episodes, wi Ben A. Williams directin the final fower. In Julie 2021, ''War of the Worlds'' wis renewed fur a thrid saison, that aired in 2022. Saison 3 wis directit bi Indra Siera an Jonas Alexander Arnby. === Castin === Gabriel Byrne an Elizabeth McGovern starn in the series. Thay are jyned bi Daisy Edgar-Jones an Bayo Gbadamosi as co-starns an Aimee-Ffion Edwards, Stéphane Caillard, Adel Bencherif, Guillaume Gouix, Léa Drucker an Natasha Little as main supportin cast. Greg Kinnear wis oreeginally set tae starn, but wis nae leetit in the starnin cast leet whan it wis revealed bi ''Deadline Hollywood'' in Januar 2019. === Filmin === Production fur the furst saison teuk place in the Unitit Kinrick, Fraunce an Belgium. The series wis filmed in Bristol in Mairch 2019, as weel as filmin in Cairdiff, Newport an Lunnon. The seicont saison begound filmin on 13 Julie 2020, wi filmin concludin on 22 October 2020. The sang “Into My Arms” bi Nick Cave is maistly uised In the series. == Release == The furst series wis lowsed in fou on MyCanal in Fraunce on 28 October 2019, afore bein braidcast frae the same day in weekly batches o twa episodes an wis lowsed in maist pairts o Europe an Africae weekly atween 30 October an 18 December 2019. The series premiered in the Unitit States on 16 Februar 2020, on Epix; in the UK on 5 Mairch 2020; an in Canadae on 7 October 2020, on CBC Television. Canal+ an Fox Networks Group hae the richts tae lowse the series in Europe an Africae. AGC Television distributes the series tae the North American mercat an co-distributes, wi StudioCanal, tae Laitin Americae, Aisie, Austrailie, New Zealand an the Middle East. Fox Networks Group lowses the series in Europe. The series braidcasts on Fox in mair nor 50 kintras an on Epix in the Unitit States an territories. The aicht-episode seicont saison wis lowsed in fou on 17 Mey 2021 in Fraunce on MyCanal, afore bein braidcast frae the same day in weekly batches o twa episodes, mirrorin the lowse o the furst saison. The saison premiered 24 Mey 2021 on Fox in Sooth Africae; in the Unitit States on Epix on 6 Juin 2021; an on 6 October 2021, in Canadae on CBC Gem. The aicht-episode thrid saison begound braidcast frae 5 September 2022, in weekly batches o twa episodes. The saison premiered in the Unitit States on Epix on 12 September 2022. == Reception == Ben Dowell in ''The Times'' gae the furst series fower oot o five starns. ''The AV Club'' dubbit it "compellin if derivative". NY Times descrieves it as a "smairt, atmospheric genre series". j02kq39ccjrjwk1x1rap2ev1aoerx22 917400 917399 2026-05-29T02:00:33Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 917400 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''War of the Worlds''''' ([[Scots leid|Scots]]: ''War o the Warlds'') is a science fiction telly series produced bi [[Fox Networks Group]] an [[StudioCanal]]-backed Urban Myth Films. The series wis creatit an written bi [[Howard Overman]] an directit bi [[Gilles Coulier]] an [[Richard Clark]]. The series is an adaptation o ''[[The War of the Worlds]]'', an 1898 novelle bi [[H. G. Wells]] aboot Yird comin tae terms in the wake o a sudden Martian invasion. It is the thrid telly adaptation o the novelle. It starns [[Gabriel Byrne]], [[Léa Drucker]] an [[Daisy Edgar-Jones]], alang wi an ensemble supportin cast. The furst saison conseests o aicht episodes an premiered in Fraunce in October 2019. An aicht-episode seicont saison premiered in Fraunce in Mey 2021. ''War of the Worlds'' wis renewed fur a final aicht-episode saison in Julie 2021, that aired in September 2022. == Premise == The series taks place in contemporary Breitain an Fraunce, but it serves as a re-imaginin o the clessic [[H. G. Wells]] novelle. {{cquote|In this new tak on ''War of the Worlds'', whan astronomers detect a transmission frae anither starn, it is definitive pruif o intelligent extra-terrestrial life. Yird's population waits fur further contack wi bated braith, but daes nae hae tae wait lang. Athin days, mankynd is aw but wipit oot, wi juist pockets o humanity left in an eerily desertit warld. As alien ships appear in the lift, the survivors ask a burnin quaistion — wha are thir attackers an why are thay hell-bent on wir destruction?|source=Den of Geek}} == Cast == === Main === * [[Gabriel Byrne]] as Bill Ward * [[Léa Drucker]] as Catherine Durand * [[Daisy Edgar-Jones]] as Emily Gresham (saisons 1–2) * [[Elizabeth McGovern]] as Helen Brown, Bill's ex-wife (saison 1; guest saison 2) * Bayo Gbadamosi as Kariem Gat Wich Machar * [[Adel Bencherif]] as Colonel Mustafa Mokrani (saison 1; guest saison 2-3) * Emilie de Preissac as Sophia Durand, Catherine's sister * [[Natasha Little]] as Sarah Gresham, Emily an Tom's mither * [[Ty Tennant]] as Tom Gresham, Emily's brither * [[Stephen Campbell Moore]] as Jonathan Gresham, Emily an Tom's faither * Paul Gorostidi as Nathan * [[Stéphane Caillard]] as Chloe Dumont * [[Aaron Heffernan]] as Ash Daniel (saisons 1, 3; recurrin saison 2) * Mathieu Torloting as Sacha Dumont, Chloe's son (saison 2; recurrin saison 1) * [[Pearl Chanda]] as Zoe (saisons 2–3) * Ania Sowinski as Adina, an alien leader (saisons 2–3) * [[Molly Windsor]] as Martha (saison 3) * [[Lizzie Brocheré]] as Juliet (saison 3) * [[Lukas Haas]] as Richard (saison 3) === Featurt === The follaein actors are creditit in the appenin titles o anly ane or twa episodes in that thay pley a signeeficant role. * [[Georgina Rich]] as Rachel (guest, saison 1 & 3) * [[Michael Marcus (actor)|Michael Marcus]] as Dan Ward, Bill an Helen's son (guest, saisons 1 & 3) * [[Alysson Paradis]] as Officer Clara * [[Guillaume Gouix]] as Noah Dumont, Chloe's brither == Production == === Development === ''War of the Worlds'' wis produced bi [[Fox Networks Group]] an [[StudioCanal]]. AGC Television co-finances an co-distributes the series. The series wis executive produced bi Overman, Julian Murphy an Johnny Capps. [[Gilles Coulier]] an [[Richard Clark (director)|Richard Clark]] ilk directit fower episodes o the furst saison, wi Coulier directin the furst fower episode an Clark directin the last fower. The series wis written bi [[Howard Overman]]. Bi October 2019, the creative team haed begun wirk on a seicont saison. Richard Clark returned tae direct the furst fower episodes, wi Ben A. Williams directin the final fower. In Julie 2021, ''War of the Worlds'' wis renewed fur a thrid saison, that aired in 2022. Saison 3 wis directit bi Indra Siera an Jonas Alexander Arnby. === Castin === [[Gabriel Byrne]] an [[Elizabeth McGovern]] starn in the series. Thay are jyned bi [[Daisy Edgar-Jones]] an Bayo Gbadamosi as co-starns an [[Aimee-Ffion Edwards]], [[Stéphane Caillard]], [[Adel Bencherif]], [[Guillaume Gouix]], [[Léa Drucker]] an [[Natasha Little]] as main supportin cast. [[Greg Kinnear]] wis oreeginally set tae starn, but wis nae leetit in the starnin cast leet whan it wis revealed bi ''[[Deadline Hollywood]]'' in Januar 2019. === Filmin === Production fur the furst saison teuk place in the Unitit Kinrick, Fraunce an Belgium. The series wis filmed in [[Bristol]] in Mairch 2019, as weel as filmin in [[Cairdiff]], [[Newport, Wales|Newport]] an [[Lunnon]]. The seicont saison begound filmin on 13 Julie 2020, wi filmin concludin on 22 October 2020. The sang “[[Into My Arms]]” bi Nick Cave is maistly uised In the series. == Release == The furst series wis lowsed in fou on [[Canal+ (French TV chainel)|MyCanal]] in Fraunce on 28 October 2019, afore bein braidcast frae the same day in weekly batches o twa episodes an wis lowsed in maist pairts o Europe an Africae weekly atween 30 October an 18 December 2019. The series premiered in the Unitit States on 16 Februar 2020, on [[MGM+|Epix]]; in the UK on 5 Mairch 2020; an in Canadae on 7 October 2020, on [[CBC Television]]. [[Canal+ (French TV chainel)|Canal+]] an [[Fox Networks Group]] hae the richts tae lowse the series in Europe an Africae. AGC Television distributes the series tae the North American mercat an co-distributes, wi [[StudioCanal]], tae Laitin Americae, Aisie, Austrailie, New Zealand an the Middle East. [[Fox Networks Group]] lowses the series in Europe. The series braidcasts on [[Fox (internaitional)|Fox]] in mair nor 50 kintras an on Epix in the Unitit States an territories. The aicht-episode seicont saison wis lowsed in fou on 17 Mey 2021 in Fraunce on MyCanal, afore bein braidcast frae the same day in weekly batches o twa episodes, mirrorin the lowse o the furst saison. The saison premiered 24 Mey 2021 on Fox in Sooth Africae; in the Unitit States on Epix on 6 Juin 2021; an on 6 October 2021, in Canadae on [[CBC Television|CBC Gem]]. The aicht-episode thrid saison begound braidcast frae 5 September 2022, in weekly batches o twa episodes. The saison premiered in the Unitit States on Epix on 12 September 2022. == Reception == Ben Dowell in ''[[The Times]]'' gae the furst series fower oot o five starns. ''The AV Club'' dubbit it "compellin if derivative". NY Times descrieves it as a "smairt, atmospheric genre series". qc9ox7ae73tw9hbh3xvdpyi7dz1iwq5 3 233532 917338 2026-05-28T22:23:28Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-english1}} ~~~~" 917338 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello, I'm [[User:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]]. I wanted to let you know that I undid one or more of [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-31847-34|your recent contributions]] because you changed [[:en:Scots language|Scots]] material to the [[:en:English language|English language]] or added English material to articles. This is the Scots Wikipedia, not the [[:en:Main Page|English one]], and the language of this project is [[Scots leid|Scots]]. If you think I made a mistake, or if you have any questions, you can leave me a message on [[User_talk:Mr.Murdoch78|my talk page]]. Thanks! [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:23, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) 4w4d5q2pang0j544udkofijd11ddqm1 3 233533 917339 2026-05-28T22:24:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Made page wi "{{subst:uw-disruptive1}} ~~~~" 917339 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Information.svg|25px|alt=Information icon]] Hello. This is a wairnin tae let ye kent that ane or more o [[Special:Contributions/&#126;2026-32016-65|yer contreibutions]] didnae appear constructive an haes been revertit. Please tak some time tae familiarise yerself wi oor [[Wikipedia:Policies an guidelines|policies an guidelines]]. Ye can find information anent these at oor [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome page]]. Gin ye anly meant til mak test edits, please uise [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|the saundpit]] fur that. Gin ye think A made a mistak, or gin ye hae ony quaistens, ye can leave a message on ma tauk page. Thank you.<!-- Template:uw-disruptive1 --> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:24, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) rtjbqz16i9bfbg6nubwrcxndd27bc21 3 233534 917340 2026-05-28T22:24:59Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 917340 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Quinlan83, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Quinlan83|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:24, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) ezit5a9f8mqe462vo9pvxemvgutvvin 3 233535 917341 2026-05-28T22:26:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 917341 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Ooligan, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Ooligan|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:26, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) mdf31f05ad6yyhefkorv7s6jo031802 3 233536 917342 2026-05-28T22:27:03Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 917342 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Electragod77, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Electragod77|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 22:26, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) 9ci12sra99q5jf0s8yn7cwdvujfzonv 3 233537 917349 2026-05-28T23:19:51Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Walcome tae the Scots Wikipaedia ! 917349 wikitext text/x-wiki ==''Walcome!''== Hullo, Ollin Masa, an [[Wikipedia:Walcome, ane an aw|walcome]] til the Wikipedie! Guid tae see ye. Thank ye for [[Special:Contributions/Ollin Masa|yer contribution]]. Some gibbles ye'll find uissfu: * [[Wikipedia:Aboot|Aboot Wikipedie]] – whit it is an isna. * [[Wikipedia:Five pillars|The five pillars o Wikipaedia]] * [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Editin)|Hou tae edit a page]] an [[Wikipedia:Lessons (Stairt an airticle)|Stairtin airticles]] – gang til the [[Wikipedia:Lessons|Wikipedie Lessons]]. * [[Wikipedia:Mercat Cross|Mercat Cross]] – tae caw the crack anent the technical wirkins here * [[Wikipedia:Spellin an grammar]] – gin yer interestit in writin airticles Bi gaun throu the [[Wikipedia:Commonty Yett|Commontie Yett]] ye'll can find aw kynd o wittins adae wi uisin an eikin til the Wikipedie. For tae hae a sey shottie, veesit oor [[Wikipedia:Saundpit|Saundpit]]. '''Dinna haud yer wheesht, haud yer ain!'''<!--Template:Walcome--> [[Uiser:Mr.Murdoch78|Mr.Murdoch78]] ([[Uiser collogue:Mr.Murdoch78|tauk]]) 23:19, 28 Mey 2026 (UTC) oq8onyub4phm6nzpbobylqp06qxst40 0 233538 917353 2026-05-28T23:34:40Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Michelle Pfeiffer]] 917353 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Michelle Pfeiffer]] e1asynywjutj4176btzijo1x46dgdcg 0 233539 917359 2026-05-28T23:40:10Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Danny DeVito]] 917359 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Danny DeVito]] 6nhw5shzhxl0cijejx1tq1whbbya0bz 0 233540 917360 2026-05-28T23:40:35Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Danny DeVito]] 917360 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Danny DeVito]] 6nhw5shzhxl0cijejx1tq1whbbya0bz 0 233541 917361 2026-05-28T23:41:29Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Danny DeVito]] 917361 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Danny DeVito]] 6nhw5shzhxl0cijejx1tq1whbbya0bz 0 233542 917365 2026-05-28T23:50:58Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Heath Ledger]] 917365 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Heath Ledger]] qoc4t8sssoimqzbpjzwpeqgazlsccyb 0 233543 917370 2026-05-29T00:02:24Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Adam West]] 917370 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Adam West]] 98ioyd2wnhrl1q4bc5ca0hslzz1t899 0 233544 917377 2026-05-29T00:54:56Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Open world]] til [[Appen warld]]: Misspelt title 917377 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Appen warld]] 5h39v4vvzzdtg3w3ladwpnz9394quyi 1 233545 917379 2026-05-29T00:54:56Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Collogue:Open world]] til [[Collogue:Appen warld]]: Misspelt title 917379 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Collogue:Appen warld]] 79394y68w4e0u5mwsyvomoq9eb8v51t 0 233546 917383 2026-05-29T01:10:16Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Grand Theft Auto VI]] 917383 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Grand Theft Auto VI]] d7ogkw3ljaramvi9lcbbkfgvq1jopp2 0 233547 917384 2026-05-29T01:10:58Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Grand Theft Auto IV]] 917384 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Grand Theft Auto IV]] pclv28hxnv5vjq2ii077408i8493zu6 0 233548 917385 2026-05-29T01:11:30Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Reguidin tae [[Grand Theft Auto V]] 917385 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Grand Theft Auto V]] jnyac0cxsxov9g9u35fnkcrsvs0slyx 0 233549 917388 2026-05-29T01:18:31Z Mr.Murdoch78 119895 Mr.Murdoch78 flittit page [[Split (ceety)]] til [[Split, Croatie]] ower reguidal 917388 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Split, Croatie]] 8w3nd1yoery5r1ar95ld27d9qjejy0h 0 233551 917413 2026-05-29T10:41:32Z CiphriusKane 74958 CiphriusKane flittit page [[Newport, Wales]] til [[Newport]] ower reguidal: Nae page cried "Newport" on iss wiki, please dinna force enwiki namin staundarts fan they dinna mak sense fur iss wiki 917413 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Newport]] 3a2t9yqi9rm9kgr0zaz6znny5qku0vx 0 233552 917419 2026-05-29T11:04:32Z Findinscots 131877 A short wird on Dolly Pentreath, the "last" neetive spikker o Cornish 917419 wikitext text/x-wiki Dolly Pentreath (Baptised 16th Mey 1992-26th December 1777) wis a [[Cornish leid|Cornish]] wumman who is aften cried tae bi the last Cornish neetive spikker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dolly Pentreath {{!}} History {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2026-05-29|website=EBSCO|language=en}}</ref> rwzhz76f2wdevahzx51qf8pnpdb0zmc 917421 917419 2026-05-29T11:07:09Z Findinscots 131877 917421 wikitext text/x-wiki Dolly Pentreath (baptised 16th Mey 1992- deed 26th December 1777) wis a [[Cornish leid|Cornish]] wumman who is aften cried tae bi the last Cornish neetive spikker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dolly Pentreath {{!}} History {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2026-05-29|website=EBSCO|language=en}}</ref> hbdgnicdgswirup5zudc7b1wvg00hku 917423 917421 2026-05-29T11:35:59Z Findinscots 131877 spellin chynge frae baptised tae bapteesed 917423 wikitext text/x-wiki Dolly Pentreath (bapteesed 16th Mey 1992- deed 26th December 1777) wis a [[Cornish leid|Cornish]] wumman who is aften cried tae bi the last Cornish neetive spikker.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Dolly Pentreath {{!}} History {{!}} Research Starters {{!}} EBSCO Research|url=https://www.ebsco.com/|access-date=2026-05-29|website=EBSCO|language=en}}</ref> ck4iem202bzvl0ib8xkenk86btgo92a